= =
abandon
a.ban.don
AHD:[-b2ndn] 
D.J.[*6b#nd*n]
K.K.[*6b#nd*n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.ban.doned,a.ban.don.ing,a.ban.dons 
To withdraw one's support or help from, especially in spite of duty, allegiance, or responsibility; desert:
ҳϻζֻ֧
abandon a friend in trouble.
Σе
To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other impending threat:
ͨ뿪ֹͣپסرΣջȽвµĽ
abandoned the ship.

To surrender one's claim to, right to, or interest in; give up entirely.See Synonyms at relinquish 
ʹӣʹĳ˷ҪȨȤȫμ relinquish
To cease trying to continue; desist from:
ֹͣУֹ
abandoned the search for the missing hiker.
ѰʧԶ
To yield (oneself) completely, as to emotion.
ȫӣȫӣ
n.ʣ
Unbounded enthusiasm; exuberance.
ΣݣƵļ飻
A complete surrender of inhibitions.
ȫѹ

Middle English abandounen 
йӢ abandounen 
from Old French abandoner 
Դ ŷ abandoner 
from a bandon 
Դ a bandon 
a [at]  from Latin ad * see  ad- 
a []  Դ  ad *μ ad-
bandon [control] * see  bh3- 2
bandon [] *μ bh3- 2

abandonment
n.ʣ

= =
ability
a.bil.i.ty
AHD:[-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 a.bil.i.ties 
The quality of being able to do something; the physical, mental, financial, or legal power to perform.
ʸĳµȥʵʩĳµûɵ
A natural or acquired skill or talent.
ͣܣĻõļɻ

Middle English abilite 
йӢ abilite 
from Old French habilite 
Դ ŷ habilite 
from Latin habilit3s 
Դ  habilit3s 
from habilis [handy] * see  able 
Դ habilis [ɵ] *μ able

ability,capacity,faculty,talent,skill,competence,aptitude
These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
Щʶʾĳ˾ȡýɹʡ
 Ability   is the power, mental or physical, to do something: 
 Ability  ָϾĳµ 
To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient  (Ihara Saikaku).
 Ҫ¸⿿ǲģÿ ƹţ
 Capacity   refers to an innate potential for growth, development, or accomplishment: 
 Capacity  ָ츳ģչɹǱ 
Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired  (Plautus).
 ǻ۵Ļܶ䡱 ˹
 Faculty   denotes an inherent power or ability: 
 Faculty  ָڵ 
An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
ؿαƵõ֮һ
Talent   emphasizes inborn ability, especially in the arts: 
Talent  ǿĲܣ棺 
There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail  (Aldous Huxley).
 ڷܼƷʶֲֵĲ㡱 ˹裩
 Skill   stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience: 
 Skill  ǿɾûչ 
The intellect, character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received  (Edward L. Thorndike).
 κ˵֪ʶԸȤϺܵѵõġ ».L.ɣˣ
 Competence   suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well: 
 Competence  ָʹ⵫һرڵ 
The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
СټЭǳɫģȱ
Aptitude   implies inherent capacity for learning, understanding, or performing: 
Aptitude  ָڵѧϰͱݵĲܣ 
Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics. 
ͯʱ¶ͬһѧ 

= =
able
a.ble
AHD:[3bl] 
D.J.[6e!b*l]
K.K.[6eb*l]
adj.ݴʣ
a.bler,a.blest 
Having sufficient ability or resources.
ܹģ㹻ʵ
Especially capable or talented.
ģ츳

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin habilis 
Դ  habilis 
from hab?e [to handle] * see  ghabh- 
Դ hab?e [] *μ ghabh- 

ably
AHD:[3bl?] ʣ

The constructionable to  ascribes to its subject the ability to accomplish the action expressed in its complement:  
able to ʾ߱ɲɷᵽΪ  
The troupe was able to get a grant for the project from a large corporation.
ӿԴһ˾Ŀ
The new submarine is able to dive twice as fast as the older model. 
ǱͧԱȾͺſһ 
 It should be avoided when such an ascription is unwarranted, as with passive constructions involving forms of the verbbe;   thus it is inconsistent to sayThe problem was able to be solved through the method she had learned about in business school,   since this sentence ascribes no capacity or ability to the problem itself.In such cases,can  or could  can usually be substituted: The problem could be solved . . .   By contrast, passives withget  ascribe a more active role to their subjects, and here theable to  construction can be used:  
򲢷ǱҪʱ򱻶̬õbeӦʹ飬  ҵѧУѧķ ˵ìܵģ ԭӲδĳⱾ£ͨʹcan  could  Ա  ෴get ı̬ʾһΪܶ able to ṹͿΪ  
He was able to get himself accepted by a top law school. 
ʹԼһһѧУ¼ȡ 

= =
abnormal
ab.nor.mal
AHD:[2b-n?rml] 
D.J.[#b6n%8m*l]
K.K.[#b6n%rm*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant.
ģ쳣ģһġƽĻǹģģ

Alteration  influenced by ab- 1
   ab-1Ӱ 
of obsolete anormal 
  anormalı仯 
from Medieval Latin anorm3s 
Դ  anorm3s 
blend of Late Latin abnormis  Latin ab- [away from] * see  ab- 1 Latin norma [rule] * see  gn?- 
  abnormis   ab- [뿪] *μ ab-1  norma [] *μ gn?- 
an?s * see  anomalous 
an?s *μ anomalous

abnormally
adv.ʣ

= =
aboard
a.board
AHD:[-b?rd, -b?rd] 
D.J.[*6b%8d, *6b*&rd]
K.K.[*6b%rd, *6bord]
adv.ʣ
On board a ship, train, aircraft, or other passenger vehicle.
ڴϡϡɻϻ˽ͨ
In or into a group, organization, or business:
ڻȺ塢֯ҵ
By bringing aboard a number of blacks as department heads, lawyers, and accountants, the Mayor has also broadened the racial mix in top city jobs(Christian Science Monitor)
гô˵βܡʦʦ˳и߲㹤ںϡ(̿ѧԱ)
Baseball On base.
 
prep.ʣ
On board of; on; in.
ڡϣڡϣڡ

Middle English abord 
йӢ abord 
a- [on] * see  a- 2
a- [ڡ] *μ a-2
bord [ship]  from Old English bord 
bord []  Դ Ӣ bord 

= =
abolish
a.bol.ish
AHD:[-b?l1sh] 
D.J.[*6bKl!.]
K.K.[*6b$l!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.bol.ished,a.bol.ish.ing,a.bol.ish.es 
To do away with; annul.
ϳֹ
To destroy completely.
ȫٻƻ

Middle English abolisshen 
йӢ abolisshen 
from Old French abolir  aboliss- 
Դ ŷ abolir  aboliss- 
from Latin abol?e * see  al- 2
Դ  abol?e *μ al- 2

abolishable
adj.ݴʣ
abolisher
n.ʣ
abolishment
n.ʣ

abolish,exterminate,extinguish,extirpate,eradicate,obliterate
These verbs mean to get rid of.
Щʶʾȥ˼
 Abolish   applies only to doing away with conditions, practices, or regulations, not material things or persons: 
 Abolish  ָ״Ϊʻˣ 
The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.
ͨһϳ˰ķ
Exterminate   suggests total destruction, as of living things, by a deliberate, selective method: 
Exterminate  ָù⡢ѡԵķʽȫٻ 
Entire peoples were exterminated in the concentration camps.
ڼӪ屻Ⱥ
Extinguish   means to put out a flame or something likened to a flame: 
Extinguish  ָ֮ 
Repeated rebuffs couldn't extinguish my enthusiasm.
ҵ鲻Ŵε١
Extirpate   suggests effective destruction by removing roots or entrenched causes: 
Extirpate  ָóȥȹ̵ĸԴЧƻ 
The police arrested dealers in an attempt to extirpate drug abuse.
ڽ˶о˺ܶ඾Ʒߡ
Eradicate   shares the connotations ofextirpate  but stresses the resistance to dislodgment offered by the object:  
Eradicate  Extirpate ĺ壬ǿĵֿ  
Scientists are working to find a serum to eradicate the disease.
ѧͼһѪּ
Obliterate   means to destroy so as to leave no trace: 
Obliterate  ָۼƻ 
Amnesia mercifully obliterated his memory of the accident. 
ɥʧ֢˵ĨǴ¹ʵļ 

= =
about
a.bout
AHD:[-bout] 
D.J.[*6ba&t]
K.K.[*6ba&t]
adv.Abbr. a.,ab.,abt.ʣд a.,ab.,abt.
Approximately; nearly:

The interview lasted about an hour.
˽һСʱ
Almost:
࣬
The job is about done.
Ҫ
To a reversed position or direction:
ط򣺵һ෴λû
Turn about and walk away slowly.
ת߿
In no particular direction:
ûȷأ
wandering about with no place to go.
ĴƯ޴ȥ
All around; on every side:
ܣ
Let's look about for help.
ĴѰ
In the area or vicinity; near:
ڽһ򸽽ԣ
spoke to a few spectators standing about.
վڸΧ̸߽
In succession; one after another:
Ӷ
Turn about is fair play.
˳ǹƽ
prep.ʣ
On all sides of; surrounding:
ڡܣƣ
I found an English garden all about me.
ܻһӢʽ԰
In the vicinity of; around:
ڡ
explored the rivers and streams about the estate.
̽زΧĺСϪ
Almost the same as; close to; near.
һӽ
In reference to; relating to; concerned with:
ڣڡϵأ
a book about snakes; objectivitya part of what biography is about.
һߵ飻͹--Ǵһ
In the act or process of:
жУУڡжУ
While you're about it, please clean your room.
ɨһķ
In the possession or innate character of:
ϣԸУڡϻԸУ
Keep your wits about you.
Ҫ
Ready or prepared to do something:
׼Ԥ׼Ԥĳ£
The chorus is about to sing.
ϳžҪʼ
Usage Problem Used with a negative to indicate strong intention:
÷ѡ ͣͷʽñʾǿ
I am not about to concede the point.
һҲͬ۵
adj.ݴʣ
Moving here and there; astir:
Ĵģ˶ģ
The patient is up and about.
ܻ
Being in evidence or existence:
ģڵģ
Rumors are about concerning his resignation.
ҥ˵Ҫְ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English onb?n 
Դ Ӣ onb?n 
on [in] * see  on 
on [ڡ] *μ on
b?n [outside] * see  ud- 
b?n [ڡ] *μ ud- 

The constructionnot about to  is often used to express determination:  
ýṹnot about to ʾ  
We are not about to negotiate with terrorists. 
ǲͿ̸ֲеġ 
 A majority of the Usage Panel considers this usage acceptable in speech but not in formal writing. About  is traditionally used to refer to the relation between a narrative and its subject:  
÷С󲿷ԱΪڿпãʽȴСAbout ͳָһĹϵ  
a book about Czanne,
һе飻
a movie about the Boston Massacre. 
һڲʿٴɱĵӰ 
This use has lately been extended to refer to the relation between various nonlinguistic entities and the things they make manifest,as inThe party was mostly about showing off their new offices  or His designs are about the use of rough-textured materials.   This practice probably originates with the expressionThat's what it's all about  and may partly reflect implicit deference to the postmodern doctrine that every social artifact and activity can be regarded as a text subject to interpretation. But the usage is still too voguish to have won general acceptance;it is rejected by 59 percent of the Usage Panel in the example 
÷ѱչʾַƷֵ֮Ĺϵڸǵ¹Ա  ʹȻʵصԭϡ  ÷Դȫ ıʾҲֵطӦһڵԺִĹ۵ÿһΪ͵һ⡣ ÷̫ݶûеõձϿɣٷ֮ʮŵ÷СԱΪǲȷģ 
A designer teapot isn't about making tea;
һʦĲ
it is about letting people know that you have a hundred dollars to spend on a teapot. 
֪ɻһԪһֻ 

= =
above
a.bove
AHD:[-b?v] 
D.J.[*6bJv]
K.K.[*6bJv]
adv.ʣ
On high; overhead:
ڸߴͷ֮ϣ
the clouds above.
ϵƲ
In heaven; heavenward.
ϣ
Upstairs:
¥ϣ
a table in the dining room above.
¥ϲһ
To a degree that is over zero:
ϣ
15= above.
ʮ
In or to a higher place.
ߵأڻһߵλ
In an earlier part of a given text:
ĵأضǰ沿ֵأ
The problems cited above have led to a number of suggestions for reform(Wharton Magazine)
ǰõڸĸĽ顱(ֶ־)
In or to a higher rank or position:
ϣϣڻһߵĵλλã
the ranks of major and above.
Уٽ׻ߵĹٽ
prep.ʣ
Over or higher than:
ڡ֮ϣȡߣ
a cool spring above the timberline.
ľȪˮ
Superior to in rank, position, or number; greater than:
ڣڣڣڼλûռƣȡ
put principles above expediency.
ԭȨ
Beyond the level or reach of:
Խˮƽ̶ȣ
a shot that was heard above the music.
ǹڸ
In preference to.
ƫã
Too honorable to bend to:
мڣ̫ӣ
I am above petty intrigue.
ҲмˣĻ
More than:
ȡࣺ
somewhat above normal temperature.
¶Ը
n.Usage Problem ʣ÷ѡ 
An earlier part of a given text:
ģǰģĵǰ沿֣
Refer to the above for that information.
Ϣ
adj.ݴʣ
Appearing earlier in the same text:
ģǰģضǰģ
flaws in the above interpretation.
͵Ĳ֮

Middle English aboven 
йӢ aboven 
from Old English abufan 
Դ Ӣ abufan 
a- [on] * see  a- 2
a- [ڡ֮] *μ a-2
b?n [above] * see  upo 
b?n [ڡ֮] *μ upo 

The use ofabove  as an adjective or noun in referring to a preceding text is most common in business and legal writing. In general writing its use as an adjective (the above figures ) was accepted by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey, but its use as a noun (read the above ) was accepted by only a minority. 
above ݴʻָĵ÷ҵͷļġ ƽУݴʣ Ǳ󲿷÷СԱ϶ ʣ ȴֻ 

= =
abroad
a.broad
AHD:[-br?d] 
D.J.[*6br%8d]
K.K.[*6br%d]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Out of one's own country.
ڹģأԼģأ
In a foreign country or countries.
ں
Away from one's home.
ҵģأ
In circulation; at large.
ģأģģأ
Covering a large area; widely:
㷺ģأǴ󲿷ֵ㷺أ
An epidemic is abroad in America(Richard M. Smith)
ģм(M.ʷ˹)
Not on target; in error.
δĿꣻʧ
n.ʣ
A foreign country or countries in which to live or travel:
ס
Do you like abroad or hate it?(John le Carr)
ϲ(Լա)

Middle English abrod 
йӢ abrod 
a- [in, on] * see  a- 2
a- [ڡڡ] *μ a-2
brod [broad] * see  broad 
brod [] *μ broad

= =
abrupt
a.brupt
AHD:[-br?pt] 
D.J.[*6brJpt]
K.K.[*6brJpt]
adj.ݴʣ
Unexpectedly sudden:
ģͻȻģ
an abrupt change in the weather.
ͻȻ仯
Surprisingly and unceremoniously curt; brusque.
ģͻģ˳Ծͻģ³
Touching on one subject after another with sudden transitions:
ģ֧ģ漰һһʱ߼ͻȻıģ
abrupt prose.
ɢ
Steeply inclined.See Synonyms at steep 1
͵ģվĲμ steep1
Botany Terminating suddenly rather than gradually; truncate:
ֲѧ ͻȻ۶ϵģضϵģͻȻֹͣģضϵģ
an abrupt leaf.
ضϵҶ

Latin abruptus [past participle of] abrumpere [to break off] 
 abruptus  [] abrumpereĹȥִ [۶] 
ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
ab- [Զ] *μ ab-1
rumpere [to break] * see  reup- 
rumpere [] *μ reup- 

abruptly
adv.ʣ
abruptness
n.ʣ

= =
absence
ab.sence
AHD:[2bsns] 
D.J.[6#bs*ns]
K.K.[6#bs*ns]
n.Abbr. abs.ʣд abs.
The state of being away.
ȱϯڣֳ״̬
The time during which one is away.
ȱϯʱ䣬ڣȱϯڵʱ
Lack; want:
ȱ裺
an absence of leadership.
ȱ쵼

= =
absent
ab.sent
AHD:[2bsnt] 
D.J.[6#bs*nt]
K.K.[6#bs*nt]
adj.Abbr. abs.,a,a.ݴʣд abs.,a,a.
Not present; missing:
ڳģȱϯģ
absent friends; absent parents.
ԶѣԶĸĸ
Not existent; lacking:
ڵģȱģ
a country in which morality is absent.
һȱµĹ
Exhibiting or feeling inattentiveness:
Ĳɵģģֳоרĵģ
an absent nod.
Ĳɵصһͷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ab.sent.ed,ab.sent.ing,ab.sents[2b-snt]  
To keep (oneself) away:
뿪ڳ
They absented themselves from the debate.
ʱǲڳ
prep.ʣ
Without:
ûУȱ
Absent a legislative fix, this is an invitation for years of litigation(Brian E. O'Neill)
ûһȷķЩԭ(E.)

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin abs?s  absent- [present participle of] abesse [to be away] 
Դ  abs?s  absent-  [] abesseڷִ [Զ] 
abs-, ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
abs-, ab- [Զ] *μ ab-1
esse [to be] * see  es- 
esse [] *μ es- 

absently
adv.ʣ

= =
absolute
ab.so.lute
AHD:[2bs-l?t, 2bs-l?t] 
D.J.[6#bs*7lu8t, 7#bs*6lu8t]
K.K.[6#bs*7lut, 7#bs*6lut]
adj.Abbr. abs.ݴʣд abs.
Perfect in quality or nature; complete.
ģϻϵģȫ
Not mixed; pure.See Synonyms at pure 
δϵģĲμ pure
Not limited by restrictions or exceptions; unconditional:
Ƶģģ޶Ƶģģ
absolute trust.

Unqualified in extent or degree; total:
ԵģڷΧ̶ϾԵģȫģ
absolute silence.See Usage Note at infinite 
԰μ infinite
Unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions:
ƵģõģܷƵģ
an absolute ruler.
һͳ
Not to be doubted or questioned; positive:
ȷģɵģݻɻɵģ϶ģ
absolute proof.
ɵ֤
Grammar 
﷨ 
Of, relating to, or being a word, phrase, or construction that is isolated syntactically from the rest of a sentence, asthe referee having finally arrived  in The referee having finally arrived, the game began.  
ģģھ䷨һʡṹ磺յ  ڵˣʼ ֮ 
Of, relating to, or being a transitive verb when its object is implied but not stated. For example,inspires  in We have a teacher who inspires  is an absolute verb. 
ģﶯʵıǰָĶȷָģ  һλ˵ʦ Ϊһ 
Of, relating to, or being an adjective or a pronoun that stands alone when the noun it modifies is being implied but not stated. For example, inTheirs were the best, theirs  is an absolute pronoun and best  is an absolute adjective. 
ģݴʻʣεֻĶȷָģǵõУǵ һʣ õ һݴ 
Physics 
ѧ 
Relating to measurements or units of measurement derived from fundamental units of length, mass, and time.
ȱ궨ģλģӳȡʱĻλó
Relating to absolute temperature.
¶ȵ
Law Complete and unconditional; final.
ɡ ԵģԵģȫĺģԵ
n.ʣ
Something that is absolute.

Absolute Philosophy 
 Absolute ѧ 
Something regarded as the ultimate basis of all thought and being. Used withthe.  
ԣΪ˼ʹڵջthe  
Something regarded as independent of and unrelated to anything else.
ΪǶĻûϵ

Middle English absolut 
йӢ absolut 
from Latin absol?s [unrestricted] [past participle of] absolvere [to absolve] 
Դ  absol?s [Ƶ]  [] absolvereĹȥִ [] 
ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
ab- [Զ] *μ ab-1
solvere [to loosen] * see  leu- 
solvere [] *μ leu- 

absoluteness
n.ʣ

= =
absolutely
ab.so.lute.ly
AHD:[2bs-l?tl?, 2bs-l?tl?] 
D.J.[6#bs*7lu8tli8, 7#bs*6lu8tli8]
K.K.[6#bs*7lutli, 7#bs*6lutli]
adv.Abbr. abs.ʣд abs.
Definitely and completely; unquestionably.
ȫأȷʵأԵغȫأʵ
Grammar In a manner that does not take an object.
﷨ أأָʽĶ

For some time,absolutely  has been used informally as a vague intensive, as inan absolutely magnificent painting.   In an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel disapproved of this usage in formal writing.
ʱabsolutely ʽΪǿɷֶʹã һױȵĻ滭 С ڵĵУ󲿷÷СĳԱʽʹ

= =
absorb
ab.sorb
AHD:[b-s?rb, -z?rb] 
D.J.[*b6s%8b, -6z%8b]
K.K.[*b6s%rb, -6z%rb]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ab.sorbed,ab.sorb.ing,ab.sorbs 
To take (something) in through or as through pores or interstices.
գͨ׻϶գĳ
To occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross.See Synonyms at monopolize 
ע⣬ʹԣռݡȫעȤʱ䣻ʹȫעμ monopolize
Physics To retain (radiation or sound, for example) wholly, without reflection or transmission.
ѧ գȫգɢ
To take in; assimilate:
룻ͬ
immigrants who were absorbed into the social mainstream.
ͬ
To receive (an impulse) without echo or recoil:
壺ܣ̼ȴûзӦӦ
a fabric that absorbs sound; a bumper that absorbs impact.
άԼĻ
To take over (a cost or costs).
е
To endure; accommodate:
ͣܣ
couldn't absorb the additional hardships.
ܶ

Middle English [to swallow up] 
йӢ [û] 
from Old French absorber 
Դ ŷ absorber 
from Latin absorb?e 
Դ  absorb?e 
ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
ab- [ȥ] *μ ab-1
sorb?e [to suck] 
sorb?e [˱] 

absorbability
n.ʣ
absorbable
adj.ݴʣ
absorber
n.ʣ
absorbingly
adv.ʣ

= =
abstract
ab.stract
AHD:[2b-str2kt, 2bstr2kt] 
D.J.[#b6str#kt, 6#b7str#kt]
K.K.[#b6str#kt, 6#b7str#kt]
adj.Abbr. abs.ݴʣд abs.
Considered apart from concrete existence:
ģʵڲͬģ
an abstract concept.

Not applied or practical; theoretical:See Synonyms at theoretical 
ϵģϵģʵõĻʵʵģϵĲμ theoretical
Difficult to understand; abstruse:
µģģ޵ģ
abstract philosophical problems.
µѧ
Thought of or stated without reference to a specific instance:
ģ޾ο˼ģ
abstract words liketruth  and justice . 
һЩʣ    
Impersonal, as in attitude or views.
Ǹ˵ģһģ̬Ȼ۵ϷǸ˵
Having an intellectual and affective artistic content that depends solely on intrinsic form rather than on narrative content or pictorial representation:
ģɵģԺ͸ԵЧʽݻͼã
abstract painting and sculpture.
ɵĻ滭͵
n.ʣ
AHD:[2bstr2kt] 
A statement summarizing the important points of a text.
ժҪҪ۵ĳ
Something abstract.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
ab.stract.ed,ab.stract.ing,ab.stracts[2b-str2kt]  
To take away; remove.
ȡ
To remove without permission; filch.
͵ԣȡδߣȡ
To consider (a quality, for example) without reference to a particular example or object.
󻯣ǣʣʱþӻ
[2bstr2kt] To summarize; epitomize.
[2bstr2kt] 
To create artistic abstractions of (something else, such as a concrete object or another style):
죨һЩ񣩵
The Bauhaus Functionalists were . . . busy unornamenting and abstracting modern architecture, painting and design(John Barth)
˹ѧԺĹߡæڰִ滭ƽзװλͳ󻯴(Լ˼)

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin abstractus [past participle of] abstrahere [to draw away] 
Դ  abstractus  [] abstrahereĹȥִ [] 
abs-, ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
abs-, ab- [뿪] *μ ab-1
trahere [to draw] 
trahere [] 

abstracter
n.ʣ
abstractly
adv.ʣ
abstractness
n.ʣ

= =
absurd
ab.surd
AHD:[b-s?rd, -z?rd] 
D.J.[*b6sT8d, -6zT8d]
K.K.[*b6sPd, -6zPd]
adj.ݴʣ
Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable.See Synonyms at foolish 
ĵģƵĲμ foolish
Of, relating to, or manifesting the view that there is no order or value in human life or in the universe.
ԵģµģйΪ涼ûͼֵĹ۵
Of or relating to absurdism or the absurd.
ĵģĵ
n.ʣ
The condition or state in which human beings exist in a meaningless, irrational universe wherein people's lives have no purpose or meaning. Used chiefly withthe.  
޼ֵ壺һ״̬£Ŀ塣Ҫthe  

Latin absurdus 
 absurdus 

absurdity
AHD:[-s?rd1-t?, -z?r-]   ab.surdness ʣ
absurdly
adv.ʣ

= =
abundance
a.bun.dance
AHD:[-b?ndns] 
D.J.[*6bJnd*ns]
K.K.[*6bJnd*ns]
n.ʣ
A great or plentiful amount.

Fullness to overflowing:
ḻ磺
My thoughts . . . are from the abundance of my heart(Thomas De Quincey)
ҵ˼롭Ǵҳʵʳġ(˹¡)
Affluence; wealth.
ԣ

= =
abundant
a.bun.dant
AHD:[-b?ndnt] 
D.J.[*6bJnd*nt]
K.K.[*6bJnd*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring in or marked by abundance; plentiful.See Synonyms at plentiful 
ģģḻģڻʾģḻĲμ plentiful
Abounding with; rich:
ḻģеģ
a region abundant in wildlife.
ҰＫĵ

Middle English aboundant 
йӢ aboundant 
from Old French abondant 
Դ ŷ abondant 
from Latin abund3s  abundant- [present participle of] abund3re [to overflow] * see  abound 
Դ  abund3s  abundant-  [] abund3reڷִ [] *μ abound

abundantly
adv.ʣ

= =
abuse
a.buse
AHD:[-by?z] 
D.J.[*6bju8z]
K.K.[*6bjuz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.bused,a.bus.ing,a.bus.es 
To use wrongly or improperly; misuse.
ããʵʹã
To hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use.
Ű˺Ű˻˺
To assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words; revile.
ٰӡ׻ԵĻá
Obsolete To deceive or trick.
 ƭϷŪ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-by?s] 
Improper use or handling; misuse:
ãȷʹûã
drug abuse.
ҩƷ
Physical maltreatment:
Ű˺ϵŰ
spousal abuse.
Űż
A corrupt practice or custom:
ªϰ׶ˣʵϰߣ
abuse of power.
ְȨı׶
Insulting or coarse language:
áԵĻ׵
verbal abuse.
Ի

Middle English abusen 
йӢ abusen 
from Old French abuser 
Դ ŷ abuser 
from abus [improper use] 
Դ abus [] 
from Latin ab?s [past participle of] ab?to [to misuse] 
Դ  ab?s  [] ab?toĹȥִ [] 
ab- [away] * see  ab- 1
ab- [뿪] *μ ab-1?o} [to use] ?o} [ʹ] 

abuser
n.ʣ

abuse,misuse,mistreat,ill-treat,maltreat
These verbs mean to treat a person or thing wrongfully, incorrectly, or harmfully.
Щָءȷػ˺ԵضԴĳ˻ĳ¡
 Abuse   applies to injurious, improper, or unreasonable treatment: 
 Abuse  ָ˺ԵġĻĶԴʽ 
We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us  (Aldo Leopold).
 أΪǰԼƷ ࡤأ
 Misuse   stresses incorrect or unknowledgeable handling: 
 Misuse  ǿȷĻ֪Ĵʽ 
How often misused words generate misleading thoughts  (Herbert Spencer).
жٴδôʵ˽;˼롱 նء˹
 Mistreat, 
 Mistreat 
ill-treat,  and 
ill-treat   
 maltreat   all share the sense of inflicting injury, often intentionally, as through malice: 
 maltreat  жĥ˺˼ 
I had seen many more patients die from being mistreated for consumption than from consumption itself  (Earl of Lytton). 
 ҿܶಡڽ˲ȴΪ˲ ֵ¾ʿ 
The army of occupation had orders not to ill-treat the local citizenry.
ռȺؾ
When we misuse [a language other than our native language], we are in fact trying to reduce its element of foreignness.
 ʱʵͼɷ֡
We let ourselves maltreat it as though it naturally belonged to us  (Manchester Guardian Weekly).
ǾԴԼĶ ˹ػܿ

= =
academic
ac.a.dem.ic
AHD:[2k-dm1k] 
D.J.[7#k*6dem!k]
K.K.[7#k*6dWm!k]
adj.Abbr. acad.ݴʣд acad.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a school, especially one of higher learning.
ѧУģѧԺģѧУġѧУйصĻѧУģнϸѧʶ
Relating to studies that are liberal or classical rather than technical or vocational.
ĿƵģѧģָɵĻŵĻѧϰǼְҵѧϰ
Relating to scholarly performance:
йѧֵģ
a student's academic average.
һѧѧ
Relating or belonging to a scholarly organization.
ѧ֯ģѧ֯ģйѧ
Scholarly to the point of being unaware of the outside world.See Synonyms at pedantic 
ѧʽģظģѧ֪μ pedantic
Based on formal education.
۵ģΪ
Formalistic or conventional.
ʽģīسɹ
Theoretical or speculative without a practical purpose or intention.See Synonyms at theoretical 
۵ģѧϵģ۵ĻģʵĿĻͼμ theoretical
Having no practical purpose or use.
ʵʵģ۵ģûʵĿĻ;
n.ʣ
One who is a member of an institution of higher learning.
ѧʦѧߵרҵ֪ʶѧԺ
A person who has an academic viewpoint or a scholarly background.
ѧʿѧ۵ѧ

academically
adv.ʣ

= =
academy
a.cad.e.my
AHD:[-k2d-m?] 
D.J.[*6k#d*mi8]
K.K.[*6k#d*mi]
n.ʣ
 a.cad.e.mies д A.,acad.
A school for special instruction.
רѧУṩѧУ
A secondary or college-preparatory school, especially a private one.
˽ѧлѧԤѧУָ˽ѧУ
The academic community; academe:
ѧ壻ѧ磺
When there's moral leadership from the White House and from the academy, people tend to adjust(Jesse Jackson)
ڲ԰׹ѧĵ±׼(ܿѷ)
Higher education in general. Used withthe.  
һĸߵȽthe  
A society of scholars, scientists, or artists.
ѧ᣺ѧߡѧһҵЭ
Academy 
 Academy 
Plato's school for advanced education.
ѧ԰ͼĸߵȽѧУ
Platonism.
ͼѧ
The disciples of Plato.
ͼͽ

Latin Acad?oa} [the school where Plato taught] 
 Acad?oa} [ͼ̵ִѧУ] 
from Greek Akad?a 
Դ ϣ Akad?a 

= =
accelerate
ac.cel.er.ate
AHD:[2k-sl-r3t] 
D.J.[#k6sel*7re!t]
K.K.[#k6sWl*7ret]
v.ʣ
ac.cel.er.at.ed,ac.cel.er.at.ing,ac.cel.er.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To increase the speed of.
٣ٽӿ졭ٶ
To cause to occur sooner than expected.
ߴ٣ӽʹԤڷҪ
To cause to develop or progress more quickly:
ʹӿ죬ʹӴʹչЩ
a substance used to accelerate a fire.
ԼӴƵ
To speed up (an academic course, for example).
٣ѧγ̣
To make it possible for (a student) to finish an academic course faster than usual.
ǰҵʹѧܱʱЩһŴѧγ
Physics To cause a change of velocity.
ѧ ʹıٶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or act faster.See Synonyms at speed 
ӿ죬٣ƶжμ speed
To engage in an academic program that progresses faster than usual.
μٳѧϰŴѧѧϰƻʹٶȸǰ

Latin acceler3e  acceler3t- 
 acceler3e  acceler3t- 
ad- [intensive pref.] * see  ad- 
ad- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ad-
celer3e [to quicken]  from celer [swift] 
celer3e [ӿ]  Դ celer [ٵ] 

accelerative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
acceleration
ac.cel.er.a.tion
AHD:[2k-sl-r3shn] 
D.J.[#k7sel*6re!.*n]
K.K.[#k7sWl*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of accelerating.
٣٣ٵΪ
The process of being accelerated.
٣ٵĹ
Abbr. aPhysics The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
д aѧ ٶȣٶʱ仯

= =
accent
ac.cent
AHD:[2ksnt] 
D.J.[6#k7sent]
K.K.[6#k7sWnt]
n.ʣ
The relative prominence of a particular syllable of a word by greater intensity or by variation or modulation of pitch or tone.
һضԣǿȵļӴĸıγ
Vocal prominence or emphasis given to a particular syllable, word, or phrase.
ǿһڡʻڷϵͻǿ
A characteristic pronunciation, especially:
ж֮ķرǣ
One determined by the regional or social background of the speaker.
˵˵ĵᱳĿ
One determined by the phonetic habits of the speaker's native language carried over to his or her use of another language.
ĸĸϰ߶Ӱʹһʱķ
A mark or symbol used in the printing and writing of certain languages to indicate the vocal quality to be given to a particular letter:
ţʾһĸرʶĳԵӡˢдʹõıǻţ
an acute accent.
ǿض
A mark or symbol used in printing and writing to indicate the stressed syllables of a spoken word.
ضţӡˢдеļǺŻţʾʵض
Rhythmically significant stress in a line of verse.
һʫеĽض
Music 
֡ 
Special stress given to a note within a phrase.
ǿֽһرǿ
A mark representing this stress.
ǿţһǿķ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A mark used as a superscript to distinguish among variables represented by the same symbol.
ƲţϽǵķţͬһŴĲͬ
A mark used as a superscript to indicate the first derivative of a variable.
ƲţϽǵķţԱĵһ
A mark or one of several marks used as a superscript to indicate a unit, such as feet () and inches (") in linear measurement.
ȷţλϽǵķţڳеӢ()Ӣ(")
A distinctive feature or quality, such as a feature that accentuates or complements a decorative style.
ص㣬ɫʡǿ򲹳һװη
Particular importance or interest; emphasis:
עأرҪȤǿ
The accent is on comfort.See Synonyms at emphasis 
ǿԲμ emphasis
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.cent.ed,ac.cent.ing,ac.cents[2ksnt, 2k-snt]  
To stress or emphasize the pronunciation of.
ضǿǿķ
To mark with a printed accent.
עעӡˢ
To focus attention on; accentuate:
עȫעڣ
a program that accents the development of leadership.
ּڸ쵼Ĺ滮

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin accentus [accentuation] 
Դ  accentus [ض] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
cantus [song]  from canere [to sing] * see  kan- 
cantus []  Դ canere [] *μ kan- 

= =
accept
ac.cept
AHD:[2k-spt] 
D.J.[#k6sept]
K.K.[#k6sWpt]
v.ʣ
ac.cept.ed,ac.cept.ing,ac.cepts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To receive (something offered), especially with gladness.
ܣ񣺽ܣ֮ָ
To admit to a group, an organization, or a place:
ɣȺ塢֯طգ
accepted me as a new member of the club.
ұΪֲ³Ա
To regard as proper, usual, or right:
ţܣΪġһĻȷģ
Such customs are widely accepted.
ķǱձͬ
To regard as true; believe in:
Ϊ棻ţ
Scientists have accepted the new theory.
ѧѽ
To understand as having a specific meaning.
ã⣺Ϊر
To endure resignedly or patiently:
ܣԹԵػĵܣ
accept one's fate.
ĳ˵
To answer affirmatively:
϶ػش
accept an invitation.

To agree to take (a duty or responsibility).
еͬеΣ
To be able to hold (something applied or inserted):
գܹɣͿĨ
This wood will not accept oil paints.
ľĲ
To receive officially:
ʽܣ
accept the committee's report.
ίԱı
To consent to pay, as by a signed agreement.
жңںͬǩͬ⳥
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To receive something, especially with favor. Often used withof.  
ܣܣĳرкôĳof  

Middle English accepten 
йӢ accepten 
from Latin accept3e [frequentative of] accipere [to receive] 
Դ  accept3e  [] accipereظ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [ȡ] *μ kap- 

= =
acceptable
ac.cept.a.ble
AHD:[2k-spt-bl] 
D.J.[#k6sept*b*l]
K.K.[#k6sWpt*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Worthy of being accepted.
ֵýܵ
Adequate to satisfy a need, requirement, or standard; satisfactory.
ɽܵģģҪ׼ģ

acceptability  
acceptableness
n.ʣ
acceptably
adv.ʣ

= =
acceptance
ac.cep.tance
AHD:[2k-sptns] 
D.J.[#k6sept*ns]
K.K.[#k6sWpt*ns]
n.Abbr. acpt.ʣд acpt.
The act or process of accepting.
ܣܣܵΪ
The state of being accepted or acceptable.
ܣܻɱܵ״̬
Favorable reception; approval.
ͬ϶
Belief in something; agreement.
Σͬ
A formal indication by a debtor of willingness to pay a time draft or bill of exchange.
жңϸծ˵ʽԸ⳥һڻƱƱ
A written instrument so accepted.
жһƱܵһ
Law Compliance by one party with the terms and conditions of another's offer so that a contract becomes legally binding between them.
ɡ еŵһͬһӶʹͬ˫߷Ч

= =
access
ac.cess
AHD:[2kss] 
D.J.[6#kses]
K.K.[6#ksWs]
n.ʣ
A means of approaching, entering, exiting, or making use of; passage.
ͨڣڣʹ;ӽ롢ȥʹõķֶΣͨ
The act of approaching.
ӽ룺ӽΪ
The right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of:
ӽȨȨȨӽ롢ȥʹõȨ
has access to the restricted area; has access to classified material.
ȨʹѹĲ
Increase by addition.
ࣺӶ
An outburst or onset:
ʼ
an access of rage.
ͻȻŭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.cessed,ac.cess.ing,ac.cess.es 
To obtain access to (data or processes).
ӽ룺ýӴݻ򣩵;
Usage Problem To obtain access to (goods or information), usually by technological means.
÷ѡ ʹãӽȡʹÿƼֶȡãϢ

Middle English acces [a coming to] 
йӢ acces [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin accessus [past participle of] acc?dere [to arrive] 
Դ  accessus  [] acc?dereĹȥִ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
c?e [to come] * see  ked- 
c?e [] *μ ked- 

The verbaccess  is well established in its computational sense to obtain access to (data or processes), as inThis program makes it considerably easier to access files on another disk.   In recent years it has come to be used in nontechnical contexts with the more general sense of to obtain access to (goods or information), usually by technological means,as inYou can access your cash at any of 300 automatic tellers throughout the area.   This example was judged unacceptable by 82 percent of the Usage Panel.
access ļϡȡݻ򣩡ѱǹΪܣ ʹһϻļΪˡ  ѱڷǼ򣬴Ӷи㷺塰ͨͨƼֶȡãϢͨʹ300Զȡκһȡֽ  ÷ٷ֮ʮ÷ʹСԱΪǲȡ

= =
accessory
ac.ces.so.ry
AHD:[2k-ss-r?] 
D.J.[#k6ses*ri8]
K.K.[#k6sWs*ri]
n.ʣ
 ac.ces.so.ries 
A subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct.
Ʒ
Something nonessential but desirable that contributes to an effect or result.See Synonyms at appendage 
ǱģȻΪ˴ﵽһЧϣõĲμ appendage
Law 
ɡ 
One who incites, aids, or abets a lawbreaker in the commission of a crime but is not present at the time of the crime.Also called  accessory before the fact 
ͬıӷﷸзʱֳҲ  accessory before the fact
One who aids a criminal after the commission of a crime, but was not present at the time of the crime.Also called  accessory after the fact 
Ѳطڷ֮ӣѲﷸʱֳҲ  accessory after the fact
adj.ݴʣ
Having a secondary, supplementary, or subordinate function.
μģӵģ
Law Serving to aid or abet a lawbreaker, either before or after the commission of the crime, without being present at the time the crime was committed.
ɡ ͬıģ׵ģڷǰΥߣʵʩʱֳ

Middle English accessorie 
йӢ accessorie 
from Medieval Latin access?s 
Դ  access?s 
from accessor [helper] 
Դ accessor [] 
from Latin accessus [approach] * see  access 
Դ  accessus [ӽ] *μ access

accessorial
AHD:[-s-s?r?-l, -s?r-] ݴʣ
accessorily
adv.ʣ
accessoriness
n.ʣ

= =
accident
ac.ci.dent
AHD:[2ks1-dnt, -dnt] 
D.J.[6#ks!d*nt, -7dent]
K.K.[6#ks!d*nt, -7dWnt]
n.ʣ
An unexpected, undesirable event:
¼¹ʣδԤϣϣ¼
car accidents on icy roads.
·ϵ¹
An unforeseen incident:
⣺δ뵽£
went to college in England by happy accident.
˵ؽӢѧ
Lack of intention; chance:
żȻͼ
ran into an old friend by accident.
żȻһλ
Logic A circumstance or an attribute that is not essential to the nature of something.
߼ѧ żԣﱾԵ

Middle English [chance event] 
йӢ [¼] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin accid?s  accident- [present participle of] accidere [to happen] 
Դ  accid?s  accident-  [] accidereڷִ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
cadere [to fall] * see  kad- 
cadere [] *μ kad- 

= =
accidental
ac.ci.den.tal
AHD:[2ks1-dntl] 
D.J.[7#ks!6dentl]
K.K.[7#ks!6dWnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring unexpectedly, unintentionally, or by chance.
ģżȻ
Music Of or relating to a sharp, flat, or natural not indicated in the key signature.
֡ ʱǺŵģҪûбļƽȻķ
n.ʣ
A property, a factor, or an attribute that is not essential.
ҪԣҪ棺ҪģǱԵص
Music A chromatically altered note not belonging to the key signature.
֡ ʱǺţҪŵĻ仯

accidentally
adv.ʣ

accidental,fortuitous,contingent,incidental,adventitious
These adjectives apply to what comes about without design or intent.
ЩݴָĳЩͻȻ
 Accidental   primarily refers to what occurs by chance: 
 Accidental  ԭָĳżȻ 
Their accidental meeting led to a renewal of their acquaintance.  It can also mean subordinate or nonessential: 
żȻʹǰԵ ҲָӵĻǱʵģ 
Poetry is something to which words are the accidental, not by any means the essential form  (Frederick W. Robertson).
 ʫԣֻǸӵģǱԵġ ׵.W.³ѷ
 Fortuitous   stresses chance or accident even more strongly and inferentially minimizes relation or cause: 
 Fortuitous  ǿżȻԵؼСϵԭ 
the happy combination of fortuitous circumstances  (Sir Walter Scott).
 ֲػ˸˵Ľϡ ֶء˾ƣ
 Contingent   in this context describes what is possible but uncertain because of chance or unforeseen or uncontrollable factors: 
 Contingent  ܵԤϻܿƵضȷ 
The results of confession were not contingent, they were certain  (George Eliot).
 ڵĽǿܣȷġ Ρأ
 Incidental   refers to what is an adjunct to something else and does not necessarily imply the operation of chance: 
 Incidental  ָϣһͰָżȻأ 
There is scarcely any practice which is so corrupt as not to produce some incidental good  (Enoch Mellor).
 ûбĺôûвΪܵˡ 桤÷壩
 Adventitious   applies to what is not inherent in something but is added extrinsically, sometimes by accident or chance: 
 Adventitious  ָĳЩзǱʵģʱżȻȥⲿĶ 
The court tries to understand whether the young man's misconduct was adventitious or the result of some serious flaw in his character  (Harry F. Rosenthal).
 ͥŪ˵ĴΪżȻµĻԸйеȱɵġ Fɣ

= =
accommodate
ac.com.mo.date
AHD:[-k?m-d3t] 
D.J.[*6kKm*7de!t]
K.K.[*6k$m*7det]
v.ʣ
ac.com.mo.dat.ed,ac.com.mo.dat.ing,ac.com.mo.dates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To do a favor or service for; oblige.See Synonyms at oblige 
˷㣺ṩʩڲμ oblige
To provide for; supply with.
ṩӦ
To hold comfortably without crowding.See Synonyms at contain 
ɣṩռ䣺¶ӵμ contain
To make suitable; adapt.See Synonyms at adapt 
ʹӦʹϲμ adapt
To allow for; consider:
ǣ
an economic proposal that accommodates the special needs and interests of the elderly.
һҪľ᰸
To settle; reconcile.
ͽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Physiology To become adjusted, as the eye to focusing on objects at a distance.
ѧ Ӧڣʹ۾סԶ

Latin accomod3e  accomod3t- [to fit] 
 accomod3e  accomod3t- [ʺ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
commodus [suitable] * see  commodious 
commodus [ʺϵ] *μ commodious

accommodative
adj.ݴʣ
accommodativeness
n.ʣ
accommodator
n.ʣ

= =
accommodation
ac.com.mo.da.tion
AHD:[-k?m-d3shn] 
D.J.[*7kKm*6de!.*n]
K.K.[*7k$m*6de.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of accommodating or the state of being accommodated; adjustment.
ӦӦΪӦ״̬
Something that meets a need; a convenience.
㣬ʩҪĶ
accommodations 
 accommodations 
Room and board; lodgings.
ޣס
A seat, compartment, or room on a public vehicle.
λᣬ䣺ͨϵλ򷿼
Reconciliation or settlement of opposing views.
ͣͽ⣺෴۵ĺͽ
Physiology The automatic adjustment in the focal length of the lens of the eye to permit retinal focus of images of objects at varying distances.
ѧ ۵ڣ۾ͫ׶ԽԶڣԻòͬĤϵĳ
A financial favor, such as a loan.
ðһ

= =
accompany
ac.com.pa.ny
AHD:[-k?mp-n?, -k?mpn?] 
D.J.[*6kJmp*ni8, *6kJmpni8]
K.K.[*6kJmp*ni, *6kJmpni]
v.ʣ
ac.com.pa.nied,ac.com.pa.ny.ing,ac.com.pa.nies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be or go with as a companion.
飬ͬΪͬദͬ
To add to; supplement:
ӣ䣺
Wine accompanies the meal.
鷹ľ
To coexist or occur with.
롭棬롭һͬ
Music To perform an accompaniment to.
֡ Ϊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Music To play an accompaniment.
֡ 

Middle English accompanien 
йӢ accompanien 
from Old French acompagnier 
Դ ŷ acompagnier 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
compaignon [companion] * see  companion 1
compaignon [ͬ飻] *μ companion1

accompany,conduct,escort,chaperon
These verbs are compared when they mean to be with or to go with another or others.
Щָͬ˻ʱǼԱȽϡ
 Accompany   suggests going with another on an equal basis: 
 Accompany  ָƽȵĻϰˣ 
She went to Europe accompanied by her colleague.
ͬһȥŷޡ
Conduct   implies guidance of others: 
Conduct  ָ˵쵼 
The usher conducted us to our seats.
λԱǵλϡ
Escort   stresses protective guidance: 
Escort  ǿԵĻ棺 
The picture shows the party chairperson escorting the candidate through the crowd.
ͼƬӳ˵ϯͬѡͨȺ
Chaperon   specifies adult supervision of young persons: 
Chaperon  ǿ˶˵ļල 
Teachers often chaperon their classes on field trips. 
Ұ⽼ʱʦŰϵѧ 

It is traditionally claimed that the preposition to use withaccompany  in the passive should be by  in the case of persons and with  otherwise:  
ڱ̬Уָʱaccompany ĽʴͳΪֻ by  with   
The candidate was accompanied by six burly bodyguards.
ıڻźѡˡ
The salmon was accompanied with a delicious watercress salad. 
пɿڵˮɫ㡣 
 However,by  is quite commonly used in sentences of the second type, and the usage is grammatically defensible.The phrase introduced withby  normally represents the subject of a related active sentence; thus, the sentenceThe salmon was accompanied by a delicious watercress salad  is the unexceptional passive of the sentence A delicious watercress salad accompanied the salmon.  By the same token,with  can be used with persons when they are the instruments of an act of accompanying performed by someone else. We can sayThe Secret Service accompanied the candidate with six burly bodyguards,   or we can use the passiveThe candidate was accompanied with six burly bodyguards (by the Secret Service).   The choice between the two prepositions really depends on the intended sense.Although the traditional rule may serve as a guide to which sense is likely to feel the most natural,it should not be taken as a categorical stricture.
by ڵڶʽľҲã ÷﷨ǿеġby Ķһʾһе ˾Ͱпɿڵˮɫ  ÿɿڵˮɫ ͵ıȻ̬ ͬĳЩŵͬеĹߵʱwith Ҳˡ ǿ˵عǿ׳ıڻѡˣ  ǿñ̬ǿ׳ıڻѡˣܻذŵģ  ʵǻʹͼ֮ѡġȻԴͳ﷨Ϊʹ˸еϼΪȻܾʹΪǾԵ

= =
accomplish
ac.com.plish
AHD:[-k?mpl1sh] 
D.J.[*6kKmpl!.]
K.K.[*6k$mpl!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.com.plished,ac.com.plish.ing,ac.com.plish.es 
To succeed in doing; bring to pass.See Synonyms at perform 
ɹɣͨμ perform
To reach the end of; complete.
ﵽյ㣻

Middle English accomplisshen 
йӢ accomplisshen 
from Old French acomplir  accompliss- [to complete] 
Դ ŷ acomplir  accompliss- [] 
a-  to  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a-  to  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
complir [to complete]  from Latin compl?e [to fill out] * see  complete 
complir []  Դ  compl?e [] *μ complete

accomplishable
adj.ݴʣ
accomplisher
n.ʣ

= =
accord
ac.cord
AHD:[-k?rd] 
D.J.[*6k%8d]
K.K.[*6k%rd]
v.ʣ
ac.cord.ed,ac.cord.ing,ac.cords 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony.
ʹϣʹͬ⣻ʹг
To grant, especially as being due or appropriate:
裬裺裬Ӧûǡأ
accorded the President the proper deference.See Synonyms at grant 
ͳǡزμ grant
To bestow upon:
룬͸
I accord you my blessing.
ף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in agreement, unity, or harmony.See Synonyms at agree 
һ£гμ agree
n.ʣ
Agreement; harmony:
ͬ⣻г
act in accord with university policies.
ʹѧһ
A settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions.
ͽ⣬Эֳͻ۵ĺͽЭ
A settlement of points at issue between nations.
½⣬Э飺֮ĺͽһ
Spontaneous or voluntary desire to take a certain action:
ԸԸȡһжԸ
The children returned on their own accord.


Middle English accorden 
йӢ accorden 
from Old French acorder 
Դ ŷ acorder 
from Vulgar Latin *accord3e 
Դ  *accord3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
Latin cor [heart] * see  kerd- 
 cor [] *μ kerd- 

= =
accordance
ac.cor.dance
AHD:[-k?rdns] 
D.J.[*6k%8dns]
K.K.[*6k%rd2s]
n.ʣ
Agreement; conformity:
һ£г
in accordance with your instructions.
ѭĽ̻
The act of granting.
裬裺裬Ϊ

= =
accordingly
ac.cord.ing.ly
AHD:[-k?rd1ng-l?] 
D.J.[*6k%8d!0li8]
K.K.[*6k%rd!0li]
adv.ʣ
In accordance; correspondingly.
ݣӦ
So; consequently.
ˣǣ

= =
account
ac.count
AHD:[-kount] 
D.J.[*6ka&nt]
K.K.[*6ka&nt]
n.ʣ
A narrative or record of events.
棺һ¼¼ļ¼
A reason given for a particular action.
ɣĳһرΪ
Abbr. a/c,acct.
д a/c,acct.
A formal banking, brokerage, or business relationship established to provide for regular services, dealings, and other financial transactions.
ʻΪṩڵķ񣬽ףڻʽҵ ҵҵϵ
A precise list or enumeration of financial transactions.
ʣھûȷ嵥
Money deposited for checking, savings, or brokerage use.
Ϊ֧ʡ򾭼ҵǮ
A customer having a business or credit relationship with a firm:
ͻһ˾ҵϵĹ˿ͣ
salespeople visiting their accounts.
ԱݷǵĿͻ
Worth, standing, or importance:
ֵλҪԣ
a landowner of some account.
еĵ
Profit or advantage:
ƣ
turned her writing skills to good account.
д
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.count.ed,ac.count.ing,ac.counts 
To consider as being; deem.See Synonyms at consider See Usage Note at as 1
Ϊμ considerμ as1

account for
To constitute the governing or primary factor:
£𣺹ɾԵĻҪأ
Bad weather accounted for the long delay.
ڵӻΪ
To provide an explanation or justification:
ͣɣ
The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.
ɷ˵ʱ䰲

call to account
To challenge or contest.
ս
To hold answerable for.
Ҫ
on account
On credit.
Ƿʽ
on account of
Because of; for the sake of:
ڣΪ
We got married on account of the baby(Anne Tyler)
ΪӵԵʶ顣(ݡ̩)
Chiefly Southern U.S. Because:
ϲ Ϊ
He got picked up by the cops on account of he was walking with his shopping bag and they said there was numbers in it(Jimmy Breslin)
סˣŹߣΪݡ(ס˹)
on no account
Under no circumstances.
Բκ¶
on (one's) own account
For oneself.
Ϊ
On one's own; by oneself:
ԣ
He wants to work on his own account.
뵥ɹ
take into account
To take into consideration; allow for.
ǣ˼

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French acont 
Դ ŷ acont 
from aconter [to reckon] 
Դ aconter [] 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
cunter [to count]  ultimately from Latin comput3e [to sum up] * see  compute 
cunter []  Դ  comput3e [] *μ compute

= =
accumulate
ac.cu.mu.late
AHD:[-ky?my-l3t] 
D.J.[*6kju8mj*7le!t]
K.K.[*6kjumj*7let]
v.ʣ
ac.cu.mu.lat.ed,ac.cu.mu.lat.ing,ac.cu.mu.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gather or pile up; amass.See Synonyms at gather 
ռѼ۲μ gather
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To mount up; increase.


Latin accumul3e  accumul3t- 
 accumul3e  accumul3t- 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
cumul3e [to pile up]  from cumulus [heap] * see  keu- 
cumul3e [ѻ]  Դ cumulus [] *μ keu- 

accumulable
AHD:[-l-bl] ݴʣ

= =
accuracy
ac.cu.ra.cy
AHD:[2kyr--s?] 
D.J.[6#kj*r*si8]
K.K.[6#kj*r*si]
n.ʣ
Conformity to fact.
׼ȷʵһ
Precision; exactness.
׼ȷȷ

= =
accurate
ac.cu.rate
AHD:[2kyr-1t] 
D.J.[6#kj*r!t]
K.K.[6#kj*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Conforming exactly to fact; errorless.
׼ȷģʵȫģ
Deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits from a standard.
ȷģ׼ֻƫķΧ֮ڵ
Capable of providing a correct reading or measurement:
ȷģṩȷĶģ
an accurate scale.
ȷƽ

Latin acc?3tus} [done with care] [past participle of] acc?r3re [to do with care] 
 acc?3tus} [С]  [] acc?r3reĹȥִ [Сĵ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
c?3re} [to care for]  from c?a [care] * see  cure 
c?3re} []  Դ c?a [С] *μ cure

accurately
adv.ʣ
accurateness
n.ʣ

= =
accuse
ac.cuse
AHD:[-ky?z] 
D.J.[*6kju8z]
K.K.[*6kjuz]
v.ʣ
ac.cused,ac.cus.ing,ac.cus.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To charge with a shortcoming or an error.
ָȱָ
To charge formally with a wrongdoing.
ָأʽָĳһо
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a charge of wrongdoing against another.
ָأָ

Middle English acusen 
йӢ acusen 
from Latin acc?3re} 
Դ  acc?3re} 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
causa [lawsuit] 
causa [] 

accuser
n.ʣ
accusingly
adv.ʣ

= =
accustom
ac.cus.tom
AHD:[-k?stm] 
D.J.[*6kJst*m]
K.K.[*6kJst*m]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.cus.tomed,ac.cus.tom.ing,ac.cus.toms 
To familiarize, as by constant practice, use, or habit:
ʹϰߣ򾭳ʵʹãϰ߶Ϥ
I have accustomed myself to working long hours.
ϰڳʱ乤

Middle English accustomen 
йӢ accustomen 
from Old French acostumer 
Դ ŷ acostumer 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
costume [custom] * see  custom 
costume [ϰ] *μ custom

= =
accustomed
ac.cus.tomed
AHD:[-k?stmd] 
D.J.[*6kJst*md]
K.K.[*6kJst*md]
adj.ݴʣ
Frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary:
߳ģͨģʵʹûģϰߵģ
spoke with her accustomed modesty.See Synonyms at usual 
еǫ̬Ƚμ usual
Being in the habit of:
ϰߵģ
I am accustomed to sleeping late.
ϰ˯ú
Having been adapted to the existing environment and conditions:
ӦģӦִĻģ
eyes not accustomed to desert sun.
۾ӦɳĮ

= =
Ace Dictionary
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XWH1225
2006.3.15

= =
ache
ache
AHD:[3k] 
D.J.[e!k]
K.K.[ek]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ached,ach.ing,aches 
To suffer a dull, sustained pain.
ʹܳ־õʹ
To feel sympathy or compassion.
ͬ飬
To yearn painfully:

refugees who ached for their homeland.
߿
n.ʣ
A dull, steady pain.See Synonyms at pain 
ʹμ pain
A longing or desire; a yen.
ϣϣ

Middle English aken 
йӢ aken 
from Old English acan 
Դ Ӣ acan 

= =
achieve
a.chieve
AHD:[-ch?v] 
D.J.[*6t.i8v]
K.K.[*6t.iv]
v.ʣ
a.chieved,a.chiev.ing,a.chieves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perform or carry out with success; accomplish.See Synonyms at perform 
ɣʤɣʵֲμ perform
To attain with effort or despite difficulty.See Synonyms at reach 
ʵ֣Ŭ˷Ѷﵽõμ reach
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To accomplish something successfully.
ãﵽԤĿģԸԳ

Middle English acheven 
йӢ acheven 
from Old French achever 
Դ ŷ achever 
from a chief (venir) [(to come) to a head] * see  chief 
Դ a chief (venir) [ﵽ] *μ chief

achievable
adj.ݴʣ
achiever
n.ʣ

= =
achievement
a.chieve.ment
AHD:[-ch?vmnt] 
D.J.[*6t.i8vm*nt]
K.K.[*6t.ivm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of accomplishing or finishing.
ɣﵽɣʵֵΪ
Something accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance.See Synonyms at feat 1
ɾͣɼɹʵ˵飬ָͨŬܡʵμ feat1

= =
acid
ac.id
AHD:[2s1d] 
D.J.[6#s!d]
K.K.[6#s!d]
n.ʣ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Any of a large class of sour-tasting substances whose aqueous solutions are capable of turning blue litmus indicators red, of reacting with and dissolving certain metals to form salts, and of reacting with bases or alkalis to form salts.
᣺κһԵʣˮҺʹɫʯֽ죬ӦܽʱγΣͼӦγ
A substance that ionizes in solution to give the positive ion of the solvent.
ʣһܽʱӶʹܼɵ
A substance capable of yielding hydrogen ions.
ӹ壺һֿɷųӵ
A proton donor.
ӹ
An electron acceptor.

A molecule or ion that can combine with another by forming a covalent bond with two electrons of the other.
ӣӣͨγɹۼһķӻ
A substance having a sour taste.
ζʣʣζ
The quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful.
ᣬ̣ᡢ̻򳰷
Slang See  LSD 1
ٵ μ  LSD1
adj.ݴʣ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Of or relating to an acid.
ģģйص
Having a high concentration of acid.
ԵģŨ
Having a sour taste.See Synonyms at sour 
ζĲμ sour
Biting, sarcastic, or scornful:
̵ģģ̵ģ
an acid wit; an acid tone of voice.
ǣ

From Latin acidus [sour] 
Դ  acidus [] 
from ac?e [to be sour] * see  ak- 
Դ ac?e [] *μ ak- 

acidly
adv.ʣ
acidness
n.ʣ

= =
acquaint
ac.quaint
AHD:[-kw3nt] 
D.J.[*6kwe!nt]
K.K.[*6kwent]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.quaint.ed,ac.quaint.ing,ac.quaints 
To cause to come to know personally:
˽⣬ʶ
Let me acquaint you with my family.
ʶһҵļ
To make familiar:
ʹϤ˽⣺
acquainted myself with the controls.
Ϥһ¹涨
To inform:
֪֪ͨ
Please acquaint us with your plans.
ļƻ

Middle English aqueinten 
йӢ aqueinten 
from Old French acointier 
Դ ŷ acointier 
from Medieval Latin adcognit3e 
Դ  adcognit3e 
from Latin accognitus [past participle of] accognoscere [to know perfectly] 
Դ  accognitus  [] accognoscereĹȥִ [˽] 
ad- [intensive pref.] * see  ad- 
ad- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ad-
cognoscere [to know] * see  cognition 
cognoscere [֪] *μ cognition

= =
acquaintance
ac.quain.tance
AHD:[-kw3ntns] 
D.J.[*6kwe!nt*ns]
K.K.[*6kwent*ns]
n.ʣ
Knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship less intimate than friendship.
ʶʶ˽⣺һܵ˵˽
A person whom one knows.
ˣʶ˽
Knowledge or information about something or someone.
ʶ˽⣺ĳ˻ĳµ˽

acquaintanceship
n.ʣ

= =
acquire
ac.quire
AHD:[-kwor] 
D.J.[*6kwa!*]
K.K.[*6kwa!r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ac.quired,ac.quir.ing,ac.quires 
To gain possession of:
ռУ
acquire 100 shares of stock.
ռ100ݹƱ
To get by one's own efforts:
ȡããͨŬã
acquire proficiency in math.
ѧϴﵽˮƽ
Aerospace To locate (a satellite, for example) with a detector, especially radar.
̫ѧ ̽⣬̽ر״ȷǣλ

Middle English acquere 
йӢ acquere 
from Old French aquerre 
Դ ŷ aquerre 
from Latin acquoe [to add to] 
Դ  acquoe [ӣ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ad-ǰ׺] 
quaerere [to seek, get] 
quaerere [Ѱң] 

acquirable
adj.ݴʣ
acquirer
n.ʣ

= =
acquisition
ac.qui.si.tion
AHD:[2kw1-z1shn] 
D.J.[7#kw!6z!.*n]
K.K.[7#kw!6z!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of acquiring.
ãȡãáȡõΪ
Something acquired, especially an addition to an established category or group.
õĶָһȷȺ֮
Aerospace The process of locating a satellite, guided missile, or moving target so that its track or orbit can be determined.
̫ѧ ̽⣺̽һǡƶĿȷλú͹켣

Middle English adquisicioun [attainment] 
йӢ adquisicioun [] 
from Latin acquisiti?}  acquisiti?n- 
Դ  acquisiti?}  acquisiti?n- 
from acquisitus [past participle of] acquorere [to acquire] * see  acquire 
Դ acquisitus  [] acquorereĹȥִ [õ] *μ acquire

= =
acre
a.cre
AHD:[3kr] 
D.J.[6e!k*]
K.K.[6ek+]
n.Abbr. A,a.,A.,ac.ʣд A,a.,A.,ac.
A unit of area in the U.S. Customary System, used in land and sea floor measurement and equal to 160 square rods, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet.See table at measurement 
ӢĶʹõزλػ򺣵׵Ĳ൱160ƽͣ4,840ƽ룬43,560ƽӢ߲μ measurement
acres Property in the form of land; estate.
 acres زʽĲƲز
Often acres A wide expanse, as of land or other matter:
  acres ػ
Everything was streaky pink marble and acres of textureless carpeting(Anne Tyler)
ÿһзۺɫʯʹɫĵ̺(ݡ̩)
Archaic A field or plot of arable land.
 ɸ

Middle English 3r [field, acre] 
йӢ 3r [أӢĶ] 
from Old English ?cer * see  agro- 
Դ Ӣ ?cer *μ agro- 

Acre
A.cre
AHD:[?kr, ?kr]  Ҳ Ak.ko [?-k?, ?k?] 
D.J.[6$8kr*, 6$8k*] Ҳ Ak.ko [$86k*&, 6$8k*&]
K.K.[6$kr*, 6$k+] Ҳ Ak.ko [$6ko, 6$ko]
NONE޴ԣ
A port of northern Israel on the Bay of Haifa. During the Crusades it changed hands many times between Christians and Moslems. Acre was ceded to the Arabs in the United Nations partition of Palestine in 1948 but was captured by Israel shortly thereafter. Population, 37,700.
ɣɫбһۿڣʮ־ʱڱͽ˹ͽַơɸ1948걻Ϲİ˹̹˵Ĵø˰ˣ֮󼴱ɫռ졣˿37,700

= =
across
a.cross
AHD:[-kr?s, -kr?s] 
D.J.[*6kr%8s, *6krKs]
K.K.[*6kr%s, *6kr$s]
prep.ʣ
On, at, or from the other side of:
ڶ棬һߣڻӡһߣ
across the street.
ֵĶ
So as to cross; through:
Խ
drew lines across the paper.
ֽϻ
From one side of to the other:
Խӡһߵһߣ
a bridge across a river.

Into contact with:
ϣӴ
came across my old roommate.
ҵ
adv.ʣ
From one side to the other:
Խһߵһߣ
The footbridge swayed when I ran across.
ܹʱŻθͣ
On or to the opposite side:
һߣ棺
We came across by ferry.
Ǵɴ԰
Crosswise; crossed.
ʮΣ
In such a manner as to be comprehensible, acceptable, or successful:
ʹɹʹ˽⣺ܱ⡢ܻɹķʽУ
put our idea across; get a message across.
ǵ˽һϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Being in a crossed position:
ʮεģģһʮ״λã
seated with arms across.


Middle English acrois 
йӢ acrois 
from Anglo-Norman an croiz 
Դ Ӣ an croiz 
an [in]  from Latin in * see  in- 2
an [ڡ]  Դ  in *μ in-2
croiz [cross]  from Latin crux * see  cross 
croiz []  Դ  crux *μ cross

= =
act
act
AHD:[2kt] 
D.J.[#kt]
K.K.[#kt]
n.ʣ
The process of doing or performing something:
ִ̣ĳµḶ́
the act of thinking.
˼Ϊ
Something done or performed; a deed:
Ϊ£һ£
a charitable act.

A decisional product, such as a statute, decree, or enactment, delivered by a legislative or a judicial body.
˾ľߣ編桢
A formal written record of proceedings or transactions.
¼¼¼¼ʽ¼
One of the major divisions of a play or an opera.
ĻϷҪƬ
A theatrical performance that forms part of a longer presentation:
̽Ŀɽϳݳֵ̨Ŀ
a juggling act.
ˣĿ
A manifestation of intentional or unintentional insincerity; a pose:
װǻƣװαԵ¶
put on an act.
װǻƣװģ
v.ʣ
act.ed,act.ing,acts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To play the part of; assume the dramatic role of:
ݣΡĽɫеϷɫ
She plans to act Lady Macbeth in summer stock.
ƻļа˰׷
To perform (a role) on the stage:
Ϸ̨ݳɫ
act the part of the villain.
ݷɫ
To behave like or pose as; impersonate:
װֹ󡭻װģ£
Don't act the fool.
Ҫװɵ
To behave in a manner suitable for:
ֹˣʹֹ롭ƣ
Act your age.
ֹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To behave or comport oneself:
ٶֹ
She acts like a born leader.
ľֹ쵼
To perform in a dramatic role or roles.
ݣϷɫа
To be suitable for theatrical performance:
ʺϷݣ
This scene acts well.
龰̨ݳ
To behave affectedly or unnaturally; pretend.
װֹװػȻأװ
To appear or seem to be:
Եãƺȥǻƺǣ
The dog acted ferocious.
ȥ
To carry out an action:
ж
We acted immediately. The governor has not yet acted on the bill.
жݳûаշ
To operate or function in a specific way:
Ӧķʽתã
His mind acts quickly.
ͷԺ
To serve or function as a substitute for another:
䵱ΪƷ
A coin can act as a screwdriver.
Ӳҿɳ䵱˿
To produce an effect:
ãӰ죺
waited five minutes for the anesthetic to act.

?
act out
To perform in or as if in a play; dramatize:
ݣϷлϷбݣϷ绯
act out a story.
˵Ȼؽ
To realize in action:
жʵ֣ж
wanted to act out his theory.
жʵ
To express (unconscious impulses, for example) in an overt manner without awareness or understanding.
嶯£֪йرʾ磬ʶĳ嶯
act up
To misbehave.
Ϊ
To malfunction.

Informal To become active or troublesome after a period of quiescence:
ʽ һʱƽ֮ûԾ᣺
My left knee acts up in damp weather. Her arthritis is acting up again.
ҵϥһʪͷĹؽַ
?
be in on the act
To be included in an activity.
룺μж
clean up (one's) actٵ
To improve one's behavior or performance.
ĽֹĽĳ˵ľֹ
get into the act
To insert oneself into an ongoing activity, project, or situation.
룬룺;뵽еĻĿ
get (one's) act togetherٵ
To get organized.
֯ͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French acte 
Դ ŷ acte 
from Latin 3s [a doing] 
Դ  3s [ж] 3m [a thing done] 3m [] 
both from agere  3ct- [to drive, do] * see  ag- 
Դ agere  3ct- [ʹ] *μ ag- 
?
actability
n.ʣ
actable
adj.ݴʣ
?
The wordsact  and action  both mean a deed and the process of doing.  However, other senses ofact,  such as a decision made by a legislative body and of action,  such 
as habitual or vigorous activity show that act  tends to refer to a deed while action  tends to refer to the process of doing. The demands of meaning or idiom will often require one 
word or the other:class act  and class action,  for example, are not interchangeable. In cases where either can be used, either is acceptable: myact  (or action ) was premature. 
act  action ߶ʾΪ͡жĹ̡ Ȼact 壬硰ľ action 壬 硰߳ĻĻact ƫָ
 action ƫָжĹ̡ ϰֻͨеһʣ磺class act͵ˣ   class actionͬߣ ܻ ڶ߽Կɵ
£߿ͨãҵΪ  ж ̫ 
?
ACT
ACT
abbr.
American College Test.
ѧ
?
ACT
ACT 2
abbr.
 Australian Capital Territory 
Australian Capital Territory

= =
action
ac.tion
AHD:[2kshn] 
D.J.[6#k.*n]
K.K.[6#k.*n]
n.ʣ
The state or process of acting or doing.
жж״̬
A deed.See Usage Note at act 
Ϊμ act
A movement or a series of movements.
һһϵж
Manner of movement:
̬̬ӣ
a horse with good action; a gearshift with smooth action.
̬ıٸ
Habitual or vigorous activity; energy:
ϰԵĻĻ
a woman of action.
лĸŮ
Often actions Behavior or conduct.
  actions Ϊֹ
The operating parts of a mechanism.
еװãеĲ
The manner in which such parts operate.
ʽĲʽ
A change that occurs in the body or in a bodily organ as a result of its functioning.
ܸı䣺ΪתĽڻڷı仯
A physical change, as in position, mass, or energy, that an object or a system undergoes.
ʸı䣺ϵͳλáʱ仯
The series of events and episodes that form the plot of a story or play.
ڣɹ»Ϸڵһϵ¼缯
The appearance of animation of a figure in painting or sculpture.
̬滭
Law A judicial proceeding whose purpose is to obtain relief at the hands of a court.
ɡ ϣּڴӷͥ⳥˾
Armed encounter; combat:
սսͻս
killed in action.

The most important or exciting work or activity in a specific field or area:
Ҫ̼Իĳһض򡢵ҪĻĵĹ
always heads for where the action is.
ǰд̼Իĵط
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
򣺳һʣ
an action film; action stories.
Ƭ

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activate
ac.ti.vate
AHD:[2kt-v3t] 
D.J.[6#kt*7ve!t]
K.K.[6#kt*7vet]
v.ʣ
ac.ti.vat.ed,ac.ti.vat.ing,ac.ti.vates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set in motion; make active or more active.
ʹʹãʹʹԾԾ
To organize or create (a military unit, for example):
ɾ֯壩
activate the National Guard.

To treat (sewage) with aeration and bacteria to aid decomposition.
ˮͨ缰ϸԣˮд԰ʷֽ
Chemistry To accelerate a reaction in, as by heat.
ѧ ʹʹͨԼٷӦ
Physics To make (a substance) radioactive.
ѧ ԣʹʣз
Biology To convert (certain biological compounds) into biologically active derivatives.
ѧ ʹ䣨ĳЩ︴ΪܻԾ
?
activation
n.ʣ
activator
n.ʣ

= =
active
ac.tive
AHD:[2kt1v] 
D.J.[6#kt!v]
K.K.[6#kt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in physical motion:
˶ŵģŵģ
active fish in the aquarium.
ζ
Functioning or capable of functioning.
õģõĻõ
Disposed to take action or effectuate change:
ģĵģȡжĻԸ仯ģ
a director who takes active interest in corporate operations.
ԺӪŨȤĹ
Engaged in activity; participating:
æڻģμӵģ
an active member of a club.
ֲĻμ
Busy:
æµģ
active stock and bond markets.
æµĹƱ֤ȯг
Being in continuous use or operation:
Ƶģͣʹûŵģ
an active brokerage account.
֧ƵĻؿʻ
Being in a state of action; not passive or quiescent:
Ծģ˶״̬ģķǲֹģ
an active volcano.
ɽ
Characterized by energetic action or activity; lively.
ģлΪΪģ
Requiring physical exertion and energy:
ҵģҪ;ģ
Tennis is an active sport.
˶
Grammar 
﷨ 
Indicating that the subject of the sentence is performing or causing the action expressed by the verb. Used of a verb form or voice.
ģ̬ģʾɻ¶ʱĶġڶ̬̬
Expressing action rather than a state of being. Used of verbs such asrun, speak, and move.  
ģʾǴ״̬ġָʣܡ˵  ˶  
Producing profit, interest, or dividends:
ģϢģϢģ
active accounts; active stocks.
ӯʻϢƱ
Being on full military duty and receiving full pay.
۵ģеȫľͽܽ
Music Suggesting that something follows:
֡ ӵģʾкģ
active tones.

n.ʣ
Grammar 
﷨ 
The active voice.
̬
A construction or form in the active voice.
̬ṹ̬ʽ̬Ľṹʽ
A participating member of an organization:
ӣԾˣ֯вμӻĳԱ
union actives.

?
Middle English actif 
йӢ actif 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin 3ovus} 
Դ  3ovus} 
from agere  3ct- [to drive, do] * see  act 
Դ agere  3ct- [ϣʻ] *μ act
?
actively
adv.ʣ
activeness
n.ʣ
?
active,energetic,dynamic,vigorous,lively
These adjectives are compared as they mean engaged in activity.
ЩݴʶʾæڻʱǼԱȽϡ
 Active,   the most neutral, merely means being in a state of action as opposed to being passive or quiescent: 
 Active  ԵĴʣʾ˶״̬뱻Ļֹ״̬෴ 
an active toddler;
öѧߣ
an active imagination;
ḻ
saw active service in the army.
˽ⲿӵ
Energetic   suggests sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality: 
Energetic  г־ûĳΪ 
an energetic fund raiser for the college.
ѧʽＯߡ
Dynamic   connotes energy and forcefulness that is often inspiring to others: 
Dynamic  ָͨõľǿ 
A dynamic speaker, the senator often persuades her colleagues to change their votes.
λԱ--һݽ߾Ȱ˵ͬ¸ıǵı
Vigorous   implies healthy strength and robustness: 
Vigorous  ָ׳Ϳࣺ 
a vigorous crusader against apartheid and government press restrictions  (Christian Science Monitor).
ǿҡӺƵ˶ߡ ̿ѧԱ
 Lively   suggests brisk alertness, animation, and energy: 
 Lively  ʾü 
I take a lively interest in politics. 
ҶкŨȤ 

= =
activity
ac.tiv.i.ty
AHD:[2k-t1v1-t?] 
D.J.[#k6t!v!ti8]
K.K.[#k6t!v!ti]
n.ʣ
 ac.tiv.i.ties 
The state of being active.
״̬
Energetic action or movement; liveliness.
ԾݣΪж
A specified pursuit in which a person partakes.
һ˲μӵǲ
An educational process or procedure intended to stimulate learning through actual experience.
ͨʵʾּڴ̼ѧϰĽ̻
The intensity of a radioactive source.
ԣԭǿ
The ability to take part in a chemical reaction.
ԣȣμӻѧӦ
A physiological process:
˶һ̣
respiratory activity.
˶

= =
actor
ac.tor
AHD:[2ktr] 
D.J.[6#kt*]
K.K.[6#kt+]
n.ʣ
A theatrical performer.
Ա̨
One who takes part; a participant:
μӵˣߣ
France, Britain . . . and any other external actors now involved . . . in the affairs of the continent(Helen Kitchen)
ӢԼֶѾ롭½С(ס)
Law One, such as the manager of a business, who acts for another.
ɡ ˣְˣҵ
?
Middle English actour [doer] 
йӢ actour [µ] 
probably from Latin 3r [doer] 
Դ  3r [µ] 
from agere  3ct- [to drive, do] * see  act 
Դ agere  3ct- [ʹ] *μ act

= =
actress
ac.tress
AHD:[2ktr1s] 
D.J.[6#ktr!s]
K.K.[6#ktr!s]
n.ʣ
A woman who is an actor.See Usage Note at -ess 
ŮԱϷĸŮμ -ess

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actual
ac.tu.al
AHD:[2kch?-l] 
D.J.[6#kt.u8*l]
K.K.[6#kt.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Existing and not merely potential or possible.See Synonyms at real 1
ʵϵģʵʵģŵģǱڵĻܵĲμ real1
Being, existing, or acting at the present moment; current.
еģڵģǵģŵĻжģʱ
Based on fact:
ʵģʵģʵΪģ
an actual account of the accident.
¹ʵʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [active] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Late Latin 33lis} 
Դ  33lis} 
from agere  3ct- [to drive, do] * see  act 
Դ agere  3ct- [ʹ] *μ act
?
actually
adv.ʣ

= =
actually
ac.tu.al.ly
AHD:[2kch?--l?] 
D.J.[6#kt.u8*li8]
K.K.[6#kt.u*li]
adv.ʣ
In fact; in reality:
ʵϣʵϣ
That tree is actually a fir, not a pine.
ǿʵɼ
Used to express wonder, surprise, or incredulity:
ȻȻڱʾ桢Ȼţ
I actually won the lottery!
ҾȻнˣ

= =
acute
a.cute
AHD:[-ky?t] 
D.J.[*6kju8t]
K.K.[*6kjut]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a sharp point or tip.
ģģм˵
Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating:
ģ֪Ļбģģ
a raw, chilling and psychologically acute novel of human passions reduced to their deadliest essence(Literary Guild Magazine)See Synonyms at sharp 
һӵ˲С˵Ӧ༤ʡ(ѧЭ־)μ sharp
Reacting readily to impressions; sensitive:
еģӡѸΪӦģеģ
acute observers of the human comedy.
˼ϲеĹ۲
Of great importance or consequence; crucial:
صģؼģҪĻشģԵģ
an acute lack of research funds.
оѵضȱ
Extremely sharp or severe; intense:
ҵģ伤һҵģǿҵģ
acute pain; acute relief.
ʹǿЧʹ
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
Having a rapid onset and following a short but severe course:
Եģҳʱ̵̾ҵģ
acute disease.
Բ
Afflicted by a disease exhibiting a rapid onset followed by a short, severe course:
Բģܷҳʱ̵ʹļĥģ
acute patients.
Բ
Music High in pitch; shrill.
֡ ģܸߵģ
Geometry Designating angles less than 90=.
ѧ ǵģʾС90Ƚǵ
?
Latin ac?s [past participle of] acuere [to sharpen] 
 ac?s  [] acuereĹȥִ [ʹ] 
from acus [needle] * see  ak- 
Դ acus [] *μ ak- 
?
acutely
adv.ʣ
acuteness
n.ʣ

= =
ad
.ad
abbr.
 Andorra [in Internet addresses] 
Andorra[in Internet addresses] 
?
AD
AD
abbr.
Active duty.

Air-dried.
ɵ
?
ad
ad 1
AHD:[2d] 
D.J.[#d]
K.K.[#d]
n.ʣ
An advertisement.

?
ad
ad 2
AHD:[2d] 
D.J.[#d]
K.K.[#d]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
An advantage in tennis.
ĩƽռȣеƷ

= =
adapt
a.dapt
AHD:[-d2pt] 
D.J.[*6d#pt]
K.K.[*6d#pt]
v.ʣ
a.dapt.ed,a.dapt.ing,a.dapts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.
ʹʺϣʹӦʹʻӦĳض÷״
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become adapted:
Ӧ˳Ӧ
a species that has adapted well to winter climes.
Ӧ
?
Middle English adapten 
йӢ adapten 
from Latin adapt3e 
Դ  adapt3e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [] 
apt3e [to fit]  from aptus [fitting] * see  apt 
apt3e [Ӧ]  Դ aptus [ʵ] *μ apt
?
adapt,accommodate,adjust,conform,fit,reconcile
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make suitable to or consistent with a particular situation or use: 
Щ˼Ϊʹʺڻʹĳһض״÷ 
adapted themselves to city life;
ʹӦ
can't accommodate myself to the new requirements;
ʹԼӦµҪ
adjusting their behavior to the rules;
ǵΪӦ棻
conforming her life to accord with her moral principles;
ʹ֮ĵ±׼
made the punishment fit the crime;
ʹ̷״
couldn't reconcile his reassuring words with his hostile actions. unfit 
˻ָĵĻΪһ unfit

= =
add
add
AHD:[2d] 
D.J.[#d]
K.K.[#d]
v.ʣ
add.ed,add.ing,adds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To combine (a column of figures, for example) to form a sum.
ѡѣһ֣
To join or unite so as to increase in size, quantity, quality, or scope:
ӣӣӻģΧ
added 12 inches to the deck; flowers that added beauty to the dinner table.
Ѽװټӳ12Ӣ磻ΪĻ
To say or write further.
һ˵һд
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To find a sum in arithmetic.
ӷܺͣ
To constitute an addition:
ӣɸ
 an exploit that will add to her reputation.
ҵ
To create or make an addition:
ʹΪ
gradually added to my meager savings.
΢Ļ
?
add up
To be reasonable, plausible, or consistent; make sense:
֮壺ģƿŵĻһµģʹ壺
The witness's testimony simply did not add up.
֤˵֤ʸ
To amount to an expected total:
ԤֵﵽԤ
a bill that didn't add up.
Ԥ㲻ʵ
To formulate an opinion of:
γɶԡ
added up the other competitors in one glance.
һ۾γɶߵĿ
?
add up to
To constitute; amount:
ɣ
This movie adds up to a lot of tears.
ⲿӰ׬˲
?
Middle English adden 
йӢ adden 
from Latin addere 
Դ  addere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [] 
dare [to give] * see  d?- 
dare [] *μ d?- 
?
addable  
addible
adj.ݴʣ
?
ADD
ADD
abbr.
 Attention deficit disorder. 
Attention deficit disorder.

= =
addition
ad.di.tion
AHD:[-d1shn] 
D.J.[*6d!.*n]
K.K.[*6d!.*n]
n.Abbr. add.,addn.ʣд add.,addn.
The act or process of adding, especially the process of computing with sets of numbers so as to find their sum.
ӣӷۼӵΪָ̣ܺ͵ļ
Something added, such as a room or section appended to a building.
ӵ罨ķ򲿷
?
in addition
Also; as well as.
Ҳ⣬֮
in addition to
Over and above; besides.
ڡ֮ϣ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin additi?}  additi?n- 
Դ  additi?}  additi?n- 
from additus [past participle of] addere [to add] * see  add 
Դ additus  [] addereĹȥִ [] *μ add
?
additional
adj.ݴʣ
additionally
adv.ʣ

= =
address
ad.dress
AHD:[-drs] 
D.J.[*6dres]
K.K.[*6drWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ad.dressed,ad.dress.ing,ad.dress.es 
To speak to:
롭˵
addressed me in low tones.
ҽ̸
To make a formal speech to.
ݣʽ˵
To direct (a spoken or written message) to the attention of:
ύͷı棩𡭵ע⣺
address a protest to the faculty senate.
Уύ
To mark with a destination:
дַעĿĵأ
address a letter.
дסַ
To direct the efforts or attention of (oneself):
æڣרעڣͶ룺Уĳ˵ģע
address oneself to a task.
Ͷһ
To deal with:

addressed the issue of absenteeism.

To dispatch or consign (a ship, for example) to an agent or factor.
ͣˣǲͣ紬̵ֻ
Sports To adjust and aim the club at (a golf ball) in preparing for a stroke.
˶ ׼׼׼߶׼
n.ʣ
A formal spoken or written communication:
ƺʽĿͷĽ
used the proper address for a priest.
Խʿʹǡĳν
A formal speech.
˵ʽݽ
also [2drs] The written or printed directions on mail or other deliverable items indicating destination.
Ҳ [2drs] ַżͶƷϱĿĵصдӡ˵
also [2drs] The location at which a particular organization or person may be found or reached.
Ҳ [2drs] סַҵִĳض֯˵ڵ
Often addresses Courteous attentions.
  addresses ڣ󰮣ǫ
The manner or bearing of a person, especially in conversation.
̸ֹ£һ˵Ϊȣر̸
Skill, deftness, and grace in dealing with people or situations.See Synonyms at tact 
ɣ죺˽﷽ļɡŲμ tact
The act of dispatching or consigning a ship, as to an agent or a factor.
ͣˣǲʹ̵ֻ˵Ϊ
Computer Science A number used in information storage or retrieval that is assigned to a specific memory location.
ѧ 洢λãַַָĳضڣϢ洢ȡ
?
Middle English adressen [to direct] 
йӢ adressen [ָ] 
from Old French adresser 
Դ ŷ adresser 
from Vulgar Latin *addo?cti3re} 
Դ  *addo?cti3re} 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Vulgar Latin *do?cti3re} [to straighten]  from Latin do?ctus} [past participle of] dorigere [to direct] * see  direct 
 *do?cti3re} []  Դ  do?ctus}  [] dorigereĹȥִ [ָ] *μ direct

= =
adequate
ad.e.quate
AHD:[2d1-kw1t] 
D.J.[6#d!kw!t]
K.K.[6#d!kw!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Sufficient to satisfy a requirement or meet a need.See Synonyms at sufficient 
㹻ģҪĲμ sufficient
Barely satisfactory or sufficient:
ǿģĻǿģ
The skater's technique was only adequate.
ߵļֻ˵ǲǿ
?
Latin adaequ3s [past participle of] adaequ3re [to equalize] 
 adaequ3s  [] adaequ3reĹȥִ [ͬ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ٽ] 
aequ3e [to make equal] 
aequ3e [ʹ] 
from aequus [equal] 
Դ aequus [ȵ] 
?
adequacy
AHD:[-kw-s?]   ade.quate.ness ʣ
adequately
adv.ʣ

= =
adhere
ad.here
AHD:[2d-h?r] 
D.J.[#d6h!*]
K.K.[#d6h!r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ad.hered,ad.her.ing,ad.heres 
To stick fast by or as if by suction or glue.
ճţˮճסˮճסһ
To be a devoted follower or supporter.
׷棬Ϊһϵ׷߻֧
To carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without deviation:
أûƫɼƻ
We will adhere to our plan.
ǽְƻ
?
French adhrer 
 adhrer 
from Latin adhaer?e [to stick to] 
Դ  adhaer?e [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
haer?e [to stick] 
haer?e [ճ] 

= =
adjacent
ad.ja.cent
AHD:[-j3snt] 
D.J.[*6d9e!s*nt]
K.K.[*6d9es*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Close to; lying near:
ڽģģģ
adjacent cities.
ڵĳ
Next to; adjoining:
ŵģڡ֮ģģ
adjacent garden plots.
ŵĻ԰õ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin adiac?s  adiacent- [present participle of] adiac?re [to lie near] 
Դ  adiac?s  adiacent-  [] adiac?reڷִ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ٽ] 
iac?e [to lie] * see  y?- 
iac?e [λ] *μ y?- 
?
adjacently
adv.ʣ

= =
adjective
ad.jec.tive
AHD:[2j1k-t1v] 
D.J.[6#d9!kt!v]
K.K.[6#d9!kt!v]
n.Abbr. adj.,a.ʣд adj.,a.
Grammar Any of a class of words used to modify a noun or other substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English morphologically by one of several 
suffixes, such as-able, -ous, -er,  and -est,  or syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase, such as white  in a white house.  
﷨ ݴʣͨơָʻʵһʡӢУ̬Ժ׺-able-ous-er Լ -est Ϊ䷨ֱλʻԴ
ǰΪ whiteɫ  a white houseɫݣ  
adj.ݴʣ
Grammar Adjectival:
﷨ ݴʵģ
an adjective clause.
ݴʴӾ
Law Prescriptive; remedial:
ɡ ģضʱӵжõģȵģ
adjective law.

Not standing alone; derivative or dependent.
ģģڵģԵĻԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French adjectif 
Դ ŷ adjectif 
from Late Latin adiectos 
Դ  adiectos 
from adiectus [past participle of] adiicere [to add to] 
Դ adiectus  [] adiicereĹȥִ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [] *μ y?- 
?
adjectively
adv.ʣ

= =
adjoin
ad.join
AHD:[-join] 
D.J.[*6d9%!n]
K.K.[*6d9%!n]
v.ʣ
ad.joined,ad.join.ing,ad.joins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be next to; be contiguous to:
롭롭
property that adjoins ours.
ǵĵزĵز
To attach:
ӣ
I do adjoin a copy of the letter that I have received(John Fowles)
ȷʵյмһ(Լ˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be contiguous.

?
Middle English ajoinen 
йӢ ajoinen 
from Old French ajoindre  ajoin- 
Դ ŷ ajoindre  ajoin- 
from Latin adiungere [to join to] 
Դ  adiungere [롭] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
iungere [to join] * see  yeug- 
iungere [] *μ yeug- 

= =
adjust
ad.just
AHD:[-j?st] 
D.J.[*6d9Jst]
K.K.[*6d9Jst]
v.ʣ
ad.just.ed,ad.just.ing,ad.justs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond.
ڣı䡭ʻӦʹ롭
To bring into proper relationship.
ͣͣĹϵ
To adapt or conform, as to new conditions:
ʹӦʹʺϣӦһ£
unable to adjust themselves to their environment(Karl A. Menninger)See Synonyms at adapt 
ܵԼӦ(A.)μ adapt
To bring the components of into a more effective or efficient calibration or state:
УУ׼ʹ㲿ﵽЧı׼״̬
adjust the timing of a car's engine.
Ķʱ
To treat disorders of (the spine) by correcting slight dislocations between vertebrae using chiropractic techniques.
ڣǣʹðĦ׵ƷԾ΢λӶƣǣ
To decide how much is to be paid on (an insurance claim).
㣬㣺⣩еӦ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To adapt oneself; conform.
ҵӦ
To achieve a psychological balance in one's life with regard to one's own needs and the needs of others.
໥ӦԼȡʽϵƽ
?
Obsolete French adjuster 
ѷϷ adjuster 
from Old French ajoster 
Դ ŷ ajoster 
from Vulgar Latin *adiuxt3e [to put close to] 
Դ  *adiuxt3e [ʹӽ] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin iuxt3} [near] * see  yeug- 
 iuxt3} [] *μ yeug- 
?
adjustable
adj.ݴʣ
adjustably
adv.ʣ
adjuster  
adjustor
n.ʣ

= =
administer
ad.min.is.ter
AHD:[2d-m1n1-str] 
D.J.[#d6m!n!st*]
K.K.[#d6m!n!st+]
v.ʣ
ad.min.is.tered,ad.min.is.ter.ing,ad.min.is.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have charge of; manage.
ƹܣ
To give or apply in a formal way:
ִУʩУʽظʹã
administer the last rites.
ִڽʽ
To apply as a remedy:
ã裺Ϊƻҩʹã
administer a sedative.
ʹ򶨼
To mete out; dispense:
裻ִУ
administer justice.
ִ
To manage or dispose of (a trust or an estate) under a will or an official appointment.
ٷвƲز
To impose, offer, or tender (an oath, for example).
ģǿȽܡṩԣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To manage as an administrator.
ִйְΪ˹
To minister:

administering to their every whim.
΢չ
?
Middle English administren 
йӢ administren 
from Old French administrer 
Դ ŷ administrer 
from Latin administr3e 
Դ  administr3e 
ad [ad-] 
ad [ǰ׺] 
ministr3e [to manage] * see  minister 
ministr3e [] *μ minister
?
administrable
AHD:[-1-str-bl] ݴʣ
administrant
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ

= =
administration
ad.min.is.tra.tion
AHD:[2d-m1n1-str3shn] 
D.J.[#d7m!n!6stre!.*n]
K.K.[#d7m!n!6stre.*n]
n.Abbr. admin.,adm.ʣд admin.,adm.
Management, especially of business affairs.
ӪָҵҵľӪ
The activity of a sovereign state in the exercise of its powers or duties.
ʹȨеĻ
Often Administration Those who constitute the executive branch of a government.
  Administration أţ
Management of an institution, public or private.
˽Ĺ
The term of office of an executive officer or a body.
ڣԱڣԱ
Law Management and disposal of a trust or an estate.
ɡ زƲزĹ
The dispensing, applying, or tendering of something, such as an oath, a sacrament, or medicine.
ʩãԡԼҩķ䡢ʹáṩ
?
administrative
AHD:[-str3t1v, -str-] ݴʣ
administratively
adv.ʣ

= =
admire
ad.mire
AHD:[2d-mor] 
D.J.[#d6ma!*]
K.K.[#d6ma!r]
v.ʣ
ad.mired,ad.mir.ing,ad.mires 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval.
壬ͣĽ졢漰ͬ鿴
To have a high opinion of; esteem or respect.
ޣάԡܸߵۣػ
Chiefly New England Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. To enjoy (something):
Ӣ ϲ ϲҪϲĳ
I just admire to get letters, but I don't admire to answer them(Dialect Notes)
ֻϲյżϲš(ע)
Archaic To marvel or wonder at.
 ԡе棬ԡеɻ
v.intr.New England Upper Southern U.S. ﶯʣӢ ϲƫ 
To marvel at something.
ڡĳе
?
French admirer 
 admirer 
from Old French amirer 
Դ ŷ amirer 
from Latin admo3ro} [to wonder at] 
Դ  admo3ro} [ԡе] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
mo3ro} [to wonder]  from mos [wonderful] * see  smei- 
mo3ro} []  Դ mos [] *μ smei- 
?
admirer
n.ʣ
admiringly
adv.ʣ

= =
admit
ad.mit
AHD:[2d-m1t] 
D.J.[#d6m!t]
K.K.[#d6m!t]
v.ʣ
ad.mit.ted,ad.mit.ting,ad.mits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To permit to enter.

To serve as a means of entrance:
׼볡Ϊķʽ
A ticket that admits the whole group.
볡ȯ
To permit to exercise the rights, functions, or privileges of:
ɣ׼ʹȨûȨ
was admitted to the bar association.
ɵʦЭ
To have room for; accommodate.
Ϊռ䣻
To afford opportunity for; permit.
Ϊṩ᣻
To grant to be real, valid, or true; acknowledge:
ϣȷϣʵģʵݵĻȷģϣ
admit the truth.See Synonyms at acknowledge 
ʵμ acknowledge
To grant as true or valid, as for the sake of argument; concede.
ЧΪ۶ȷĻʵݵģ̹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To afford possibility:
ṩԣ
a problem that admits of no solution.
ܽ
To allow entrance; afford access:
룻ͨ
 a door admitting to the hall.
ͨ
To make acknowledgment.
ϣȷ
?
Middle English amitten, admitten 
йӢ amitten, admitten 
from Old French amettre, admettre 
Դ ŷ amettre, admettre 
from Latin admittere 
Դ  admittere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 

= =
adolescent
ad.o.les.cent
AHD:[2dl-snt] 
D.J.[7#dl6es*nt]
K.K.[7#d16Ws*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or undergoing adolescence.See Synonyms at young 
ഺڵģڣڻഺڵĲμ young
n.ʣ
A young person who has undergone puberty but who has not reached full maturity; a teenager.
꣺Ѿഺڵδȫˣʮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin adol??ns}  adol?scent- [present participle of] adol?scere [to grow up] 
Դ  adol??ns}  adol?scent-  [] adol?scereڷִ [ɳ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
al?e [to grow] [inchoative of] alere [to nourish] * see  al- 2
al?e []  [] alereʼ [] *μ al- 2
?
The adolescent grows up to become the adult.The wordsadolescent  and adult  that refer to these two stages in the human life cycle ultimately come from forms of the same Latin word, 
adol?,  meaning to grow up. The present participle ofadol??sc?ns,}  from which adolescent  derives, means growing up, while the past participleadultus,  the source of adult,  
means grown up. Appropriately enough,adolescent,  first recorded in English in a work written perhaps in 1440, seems to have come into the language beforeadult,  first recorded in 
a work published in 1531. 
ɳΪˡadolescent  adult ʶʾѭе׶Σʼնͬһ adolescere ĲͬʽΪɳ ڷִʽ
adolescere--adolescens  adolesent ʾڳɳġ ȥִadultus Ϊ adult ԴΪѾġ ǡǣadolescent Լ1440״Ӣ
ƷУ ƺ״1531꿯һƷеadult һҪӢ 

= =
adopt
a.dopt
AHD:[-d?pt] 
D.J.[*6dKpt]
K.K.[*6d$pt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.dopt.ed,a.dopt.ing,a.dopts 
To take into one's family through legal means and raise as one's own child.
̣ͨϷֶΪͥеһԱԼĺӸ
To take and follow (a course of action, for example) by choice or assent:
ãѡͬܲã磬Ϊ̣
adopt a new technique.
¼
To take up and make one's own:
ɣܲΪУ
adopt a new idea.

To take on or assume:
ȡûܣ
adopted an air of importance.
ȡΪǵ̬
To vote to accept:
׼ͨ
adopt a resolution.

To choose as standard or required in a course:
ѡΪ׼ѡһģ
adopt a new line of English textbooks.
ѡӢ̲ĵ·ʽ
?
Middle English adopten 
йӢ adopten 
from Old French adopter 
Դ ŷ adopter 
from Latin adopt3e 
Դ  adopt3e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
opt3e [to choose] 
opt3e [ѡ] 
?
adoptable
adj.ݴʣ
adopter
n.ʣ
adoption
n.ʣ
?
One refers to anadopted  child but to adoptive  parents. 
ʾadoptedģ Ӷ adoptiveϵģ ĸ 

= =
adult
a.dult
AHD:[-d?lt, 2d?lt] 
D.J.[*6dJlt, 6#dJlt]
K.K.[*6dJlt, 6#dJlt]
n.ʣ
One who has attained maturity or legal age.
ˣѳﵽ
Biology A fully grown, mature organism.
ѧ 壺ȫл
adj.ݴʣ
Fully developed and mature.
ģȫɼ
Intended for or befitting adults:
˵ģ˵ģڻʺڳ˵ģ
adult education.
˽
Containing or dealing in explicitly sexual material; pornographic:
ɫģлӪԵݵģģ
adult movies; adult bookstores.
ɫӰɫ
?
From Latin adultus [past participle of] adol?scere [to grow up] * see  adolescent 
Դ  adultus  [] adol?scereĹȥִ [ɳ] *μ adolescent
?
adulthood
n.ʣ
adultness
n.ʣ

= =
advance
ad.vance
AHD:[2d-v2ns] 
D.J.[#d6v#ns]
K.K.[#d6v#ns]
v.ʣ
ad.vanced,ad.vanc.ing,ad.vanc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move or cause to move forward.
ǰǰƶʹǰƶ
To put forward; propose or suggest:
飺飺
advanced a novel theory during the seminar.
ۻ
To aid the growth or progress of.
ٽ
To raise in rank; promote.
ְߣ
To cause to occur sooner:
ʹǰ
advance a deadline by one week.
ǰһ
To raise in amount or rate; increase.
ߣӣЧߣ
To pay (money or interest) before due.
Ԥȵ渶ڹ涨ʱ֮ǰǮϢ
To supply or lend, especially on credit.
ʣָʽṩ
To serve as an advance person for (a trip to be made by a politician or a dignitary):
ǲԱ׼ΪμһҪԤг̵ģǲԱ
advanced the China trip during which the first trade agreements . . . were signed(Suzanne Perney)
״ǩóЭй֮ǲԱ(ɺ)
Archaic To lift.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or move forward or onward.
ǰǰƣǰǰƶǰ
To move against another, as when attacking:
ƽԷڽʱ
advance on the enemy's position.
˵ؽ
To make progress; improve.
ȡý
To rise in rank, position, or value.
ڵλְλֵ
To serve as an advance person for a trip to be made by a politician or a dignitary.
ǲԱ׼ΪμһҪԤг̵ǲԱ
n.ʣ
The act or process of moving or going forward.
ǰǰƶǰĶ
A forward move, as toward an objective; progress:
չĿǰƣ
an advance in genetic engineering.
ŴѧĽչ
An increase of price or value.
Ǽֵۣ۸ֵ
advances Opening approaches made to secure acquaintance, favor, or an agreement; overtures.
 advances ̬Ϊ֤ʶЭĳ飻ıʾ
The furnishing of funds or goods on credit.
Ԥʽṩʽͻ
The funds or goods so furnished; a loan.
Ԥṩʽ
Payment of money before due:
ԤԤ֮ǰ֧Ǯ
an advance on next week's salary.
ԤڵĹ
adj.ݴʣ
Made or given ahead of time:
Ԥȵģǰɻǰģ
an advance payment.
Ԥ
Going before, in front, or forward.
еģǰģǰĻǰ
?
in advance
Ahead of time; beforehand.
ǰԤ
in advance of
In front of; ahead of.
ڡǰ棻ڡ֮ǰ
?
Middle English avauncen 
йӢ avauncen 
from Old French avauncer 
Դ ŷ avauncer 
from Vulgar Latin *abanti3e 
Դ  *abanti3e 
from Latin abante [from before] 
Դ  abante [Դڡ֮ǰ] 
ab- [ab-] 
ab- [ǰ׺ad-] 
ante [before] * see  ant- 
ante [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ ant- 
?
advancer
n.ʣ
?
advance,forward,foster,further,promote
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to move ahead, as toward a goal: 
Щʹе˼ΪʹǰƶʹĿƶ 
advance a worthy cause;
ٽмֵҵ
forwarding their own interests;
ǿǵȤ
fostered friendly relations;
Ѻùϵ
furthering your career;
ٽҵķչ
efforts to promote sales. retard 
Ŭ retard
?
Advance, as a noun, is used for forward movement (  
Advance Ϊʣ ָǰƶ 
the advance of the army) 
ӵǰ 
or for progress or improvement in a figurative sense. Advancement   is used mainly in the figurative sense: 
ָϵĽߡ Advancement  Ҫڱ壺 
career advancement. 
ְҵϵĽչ 
 In the figurative sense, moreover, there is a distinction between the two terms deriving from the transitive and intransitive forms of the verbadvance.   The nounadvancement  (unlike 
advance ) often implies the existence of an agent or outside force. Thus,the advance of science  means simply the progress of science, whereasthe advancement of science  implies 
progress resulting from the action of an agent or force:  
ȻڱϣԴԶadvance ļͲ̬֮в advancement  advance ͨΪⲿĴڡ ˿ѧĽ 򵥵
ζڿѧȡõĽ ѧĽչ ָԴΪĽ  
The purpose of the legislation was the advancement of science. 
Ŀľʹѧչ 

= =
advanced
ad.vanced
AHD:[2d-v2nst] 
D.J.[#d6v#nst]
K.K.[#d6v#nst]
adj.ݴʣ
Highly developed or complex.
߶ȷģӵ
Being at a higher level than others:
ڵģˮƽģ
an advanced text in physics.
߼α
Ahead of the times; progressive:
ǰģģ
advanced teaching methods.
ȽĽѧ
Far along in course or time:
׶εģڵģ
an advanced stage of illness; a person of advanced age.
ڣ

= =
advantage
ad.van.tage
AHD:[2d-v2nt1j] 
D.J.[#d6v#nt!d9]
K.K.[#d6v#nt!d9]
n.ʣ
A beneficial factor or combination of factors.
ػصܺ
Benefit or profit; gain:
棺ô棻֮
It is to your advantage to invest wisely.
ǵͶʶ
A relatively favorable position; superiority of means:
λĵλƣ
A better education gave us the advantage.
õĽʹǴλ
Sports 
˶ 
The first point scored in tennis after deuce.
Ʒ֣վǰ˫ƽֺһӮõĵһ
The resulting score.
յ÷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ad.van.taged,ad.van.tag.ing,ad.van.tag.es 
To afford profit or gain to; benefit.
ڣΪṩô棻ʹ
?
take advantage of
To put to good use; avail oneself of:
ãܺõʹãã
take advantage of all educational opportunities.
һн
To profit selfishly by; exploit:
ռıˣ˽ػ
took advantage of the customer.
ƭ
to advantage
To good effect; favorably:
Чڣ
The roses were displayed to advantage in a blue vase.
õɫĻƿУõЧ
?
Middle English avauntage 
йӢ avauntage 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from avant [before] 
Դ avant [ڡ֮ǰ] 
from Latin abante [from before] * see  advance 
Դ  abante [Դڡ֮ǰ] *μ advance
?
advantage,edge,handicap,odds
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a factor or combination of factors conducive to superiority and success: 
Ще˼Ϊơɹػ֮ܺ͡ 
has the advantage of a superior education;
ӵиߵȽƣ
a manufacturing edge given by sophisticated technology;
˼ƣ
a golfing champion with a handicap of 2;
˵ĸ߶ھ
odds overwhelmingly in our favor. disadvantage 
ǵ disadvantage

= =
adventure
ad.ven.ture
AHD:[2d-vnchr] 
D.J.[#d6vent.*]
K.K.[#d6vWnt.+]
n.ʣ
An undertaking or enterprise of a hazardous nature.
ðջðվðԵƻ
An undertaking of a questionable nature, especially one involving intervention in another state's affairs.
ðջпԵָ漰
An unusual or exciting experience:
Ѱ򼤶ĵľ
an adventure in dining.
е
Participation in hazardous or exciting experiences:
ðգðԻ򼤶ĵľ
the love of adventure.
Ȱð
A financial speculation or business venture.
ͶͶҵð
v.ʣ
ad.ven.tured,ad.ven.tur.ing,ad.ven.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hazard or risk.
ð
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in hazardous activities; take risks.
ðգμðԻ
?
Middle English aventure 
йӢ aventure 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin advent?s [future participle of] advenore [to arrive] * see  advent 
Դ  advent?s  [] advenoreĽʽִ [] *μ advent

= =
adverb
ad.verb
AHD:[2dv?rb] 
D.J.[6#dvT8b]
K.K.[6#dvPb]
n.Abbr. adv.Grammar ʣд adv.﷨ 
A part of speech comprising a class of words that modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
ʣζʣݴʻʵһʵĴ
A word belonging to this class, such asrapidly  in The dog runs rapidly.  
ʣԵĴʣ縱rapidly  The dog runs rapidly  
?
Middle English adverbe 
йӢ adverbe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin adverbium 
Դ  adverbium 
ad- [in relation to] * see  ad- 
ad- [롭] *μ ad-
verbum [word] * see  wer- 5
verbum [] *μ wer- 5

= =
adverse
ad.verse
AHD:[2d-v?rs, 2dv?rs] 
D.J.[#d6vT8s, 6#d7vT8s]
K.K.[#d6vPs, 6#d7vPs]
adj.ݴʣ
Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic:
жԵģ䵱õģݵģ
adverse criticism.
жԵ
Contrary to one's interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable:
ģĳ˵Ҹ۵ģкĻģ
adverse circumstances.

Moving in an opposite or opposing direction:
ģ෴ƶģ
adverse currents.

Archaic Placed opposite.
 ෴ģλ෴
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French advers 
Դ ŷ advers 
from Latin adversus [past participle of] advertere [to turn toward] 
Դ  adversus  [] advertereĹȥִ [ת] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
adversely
adv.ʣ
adverseness
n.ʣ

= =
advertise
ad.ver.tise
AHD:[2dvr-toz] 
D.J.[6#dv*7ta!z]
K.K.[6#dv+7ta!z]
v.ʣ
ad.ver.tised,ad.ver.tis.ing,ad.ver.tis.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make public announcement of, especially to proclaim the qualities or advantages of (a product or business) so as to increase sales.See Synonyms at announce 
棺Ϊ£ָĳһƷҵԴμ announce
To make known; call attention to:
ע⣺ʹԡע⣺
advertised my intention to resign.
ȾҪְ
To warn or notify:
룬֪
This event advertises me that there is such a fact as death(Henry David Thoreau)
¸ʵ(ά)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To call the attention of the public to a product or business.
棺ڶԲƷҵע
To inquire or seek in a public notice, as in a newspaper:
ǹ棺ڹ棬籨ֽѯʻѰң
advertise for an apartment.
ǹѰԢ
?
Middle English advertisen [to notify] 
йӢ advertisen [֪] 
from Old French advertir  advertiss- [to notice] * see  advert 1
Դ ŷ advertir  advertiss- [֪ͨ] *μ advert1
?
advertiser
n.ʣ

= =
advertisement
ad.ver.tise.ment
AHD:[2dvr-tozmnt, 2d-v?rt1s-, -t1z-] 
D.J.[7#dv*6ta!zm*nt, #d6vT8t!s-, -t!z-]
K.K.[7#dv+6ta!zm*nt, #d6vPt!s-, -t!z-]
n.Abbr. adv.,advt.ʣд adv.,advt.
The act of advertising.
棺Ϊ
A notice, such as a poster, newspaper display, or paid announcement in the electronic media, designed to attract public attention or patronage.
棬£һ֪ͨӴýеĺֽչгµȣּע

= =
advice
ad.vice
AHD:[2d-vos] 
D.J.[#d6va!s]
K.K.[#d6va!s]
n.ʣ
Opinion about what could or should be done about a situation or problem; counsel.
飺δӦδƻĹ۵㣻Ȱ
Often advices Information communicated; news:
  advices ݵϢϢ
advices from an ambassador.
ԴʹϢ
?
Middle English avis, advice 
йӢ avis, advice 
from Old French avis 
Դ ŷ avis 
from (ester) a vis [to seem] 
Դ (ester) a vis [ƺ] 
a [to]  from Latin ad * see  ad- 
a []  Դ  ad *μ ad-
vis [seen]  from Latin vom [what seems (good)] [from neuter past participle of] vid?re [to see] * see  weid- 
vis []  Դ  vom [ƺǣõģ]  [] Դvid?reԹȥִ [] *μ weid- 
?
advice,counsel,recommendation
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an opinion as to a decision or course of action: 
Ще˼Ϊйؾж̵ 
sound advice for those looking for work;
ҹߵҸ棻
accepted the counsel of her attorney;
ʦȰ棻
refused to follow his recommendation. See also Synonyms at  news 
ܾȰ μͬ news

= =
advisable
ad.vis.a.ble
AHD:[2d-voz-bl] 
D.J.[#d6va!z*b*l]
K.K.[#d6va!z*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent.
ȡģֵñƼ򱻽ģ
?
advisability  
advisableness
n.ʣ
advisably
adv.ʣ

= =
advise
ad.vise
AHD:[2d-voz] 
D.J.[#d6va!z]
K.K.[#d6va!z]
v.ʣ
ad.vised,ad.vis.ing,ad.vis.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To offer advice to; counsel.
飻Ȱ
To recommend; suggest:
飻飺
advised patience.
һЩ
Usage Problem To inform; notify.
÷ѡ ֪֪ͨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take counsel; consult:
Ȱ棻
She advised with her associates.
ͬ
To offer advice.
飺ṩ
?
Middle English avisen, advisen 
йӢ avisen, advisen 
from Old French aviser 
Դ ŷ aviser 
from avis [advice] * see  advice 
Դ avis [] *μ advice
?
advise,counsel,recommend
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give recommendations to someone about a decision or course of action: 
Щ˼ΪĳйؾΪ̵Ľ顱 
advised him to take advantage of the opportunity;
᣻
will counsel her to be prudent;
ȰҪ
recommended that we wait. See also Synonyms at  confer 
ǵȴ μͬ confer
?
The use ofadvise  in the sense of inform, notify, was found acceptable by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey, but many members would prefer that this usage be 
restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts.Thus one may sayThe suspects were advised of their rights,  but it would be considered pretentious to sayYou'd better advise 
your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed.  
ڹȥĵУ÷СĴԱΪadvise ʾ֪֪ͨ÷ǿеģ Ա÷Ӧ޵ҵ˿˵ɷ
֪еȨ  ֪ͨѣҰ͵ı ˵Ϊ 

= =
advocate
ad.vo.cate
AHD:[2dv-k3t] 
D.J.[6#dv*7ke!t]
K.K.[6#dv*7ket]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ad.vo.cat.ed,ad.vo.cat.ing,ad.vo.cates 
To speak, plead, or argue in favor of.See Synonyms at support 
ӵ˵֧֡μ support
n.ʣ
AHD:[-k1t, -k3t] 
One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender:
ӵߣΪĳҵˣ֧߻򱣻ߣ
an advocate of civil rights.
Ȩӵ
One that pleads in another's behalf; an intercessor:
绤ߣΪ˱绤ˣߣ
advocates for abused children and spouses.
Űͯżı绤
A lawyer.
ʦ
?
From Middle English advocat [lawyer] 
Դ йӢ advocat [ʦ] 
from Old French advocat 
Դ ŷ advocat 
from Latin advoc3s [past participle of] advoc3re [to summon for counsel] 
Դ  advoc3s  [] advoc3reĹȥִ [ټЭ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
voc3e [to call] * see  wek w- 
voc3e [٣] *μ wek w- 
?
advocator
n.ʣ
advocatory
AHD:[2d-v?k-t?r?, -t?r?, 2dv-k-] ݴʣ

= =
aerial
aer.i.al
AHD:[ar?-l, 3-?r?-l] 
D.J.[6e*ri8*l, e!6!*ri8*l]
K.K.[6Wri*l, e6!ri*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, in, or caused by the air.
ģڿģڴеĻɿɵ
Living in the air.
ڿе
Reaching high into the air; lofty.
ʵģƵģߵ
Suggestive of air, as in lightness; airy.
ģʹģ
Unsubstantial; imaginary.
õģʵģ
Of, for, or by means of aircraft:
յģɻģΪɻĻɷɻеģ
aerial photography.
Ӱ
Botany Growing or borne above the ground or water:
ֲѧ ģڵ֮ϻˮ֮ϵģ
aerial roots.

n.ʣ
AHD:[ar?-l] 
See  antenna 
μ  antenna 
?
From Latin 3s 
Դ  3s 
from Greek aerios 
Դ ϣ aerios 
from a?r [air] * see  wer- 1
Դ a?r [] *μ wer- 1

= =
aeroplane
aer.o.plane
AHD:[ar-pl3n] 
D.J.[7e*r*7ple!n]
K.K.[7Wr*7plen]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of airplane 
 airplaneı

= =
aesthetic
aesthetic  es.thet.ic
AHD:[s-tht1k] 
D.J.[es6Get!k]
K.K.[Ws6GWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to the philosophy or theories of aesthetics.
ѧģйѧѧ۵
Of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste:
ģڻͻƷζģ
the aesthetic faculties.

Characterized by a heightened sensitivity to beauty.
еģи߶е
Artistic:
ģ
The play was an aesthetic success.
ⲿϷǸϵĳɹ
Informal Conforming to accepted notions of good taste.
ʽ ȤģձܵƷζһµ
n.ʣ
A guiding principle in matters of artistic beauty and taste; artistic sensibility:
ѧ׼УۼƷζָԭԣ
a generous Age of Aquarius aesthetic that said that everything was art(William Wilson)
Ϊκﶼ¼Ԫѧ׼(ѷ)
An underlying principle, a set of principles, or a view often manifested by outward appearances or style of behavior:
ۣͨΪֵĻԭһԭ۵㣺
What troubled him was the squalor of[the colonel's]  aesthetic (Lewis H. Lapham)
ʹյ[У] ۵ĵ¡ (˹H.ķ)
?
German ?sthetisch 
 ?sthetisch 
from New Latin aesth?s 
Դ ִ aesth?s 
from Greek aisth?s [of sense perception] 
Դ ϣ aisth?s [֪] 
from aisth?a [perceptible things] 
Դ aisth?a [֪] 
from aisthanesthai [to perceive] * see  au- 
Դ aisthanesthai [о] *μ au- 
?
aesthetically
adv.ʣ

= =
affection
af.fec.tion
AHD:[-fkshn] 
D.J.[*6fek.*n]
K.K.[*6fWk.*n]
n.ʣ
A tender feeling toward another; fondness.See Synonyms at love 
Ȱ˵һĸ飻ϲμ love
Often affections Feeling or emotion:
  affections л飺
an unbalanced state of affections.

A disposition to feel, do, or say; a propensity.
򣺸о˵
Obsolete Prejudice; partiality.
 ƫƫ
?
Middle English affeccioun 
йӢ affeccioun 
from Old French affection 
Դ ŷ affection 
from Latin affecti?}  affecti?n- 
Դ  affecti?}  affecti?n- 
from affectus [past participle of] afficere [to affect, influence] * see  affect 1
Դ affectus  [] afficereĹȥִ [Ӱ] *μ affect1
?
affectional
adj.ݴʣ
affectionally
adv.ʣ

= =
affiliate
af.fil.i.ate
AHD:[-f1l?-3t] 
D.J.[*6f!li87e!t]
K.K.[*6f!li7et]
v.ʣ
af.fil.i.at.ed,af.fil.i.at.ing,af.fil.i.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or branch.
ɣɻΪԱ֧
To associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, employee, or member:
ʹϵϵʹԼΪ֡ԱԱ
affiliated herself with a new law firm.
ʹΪһʦĹԱ
To assign the origin of.
׷ݣ׷ݡԴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become closely connected or associated:
ϣϵ
The two unions voted to affiliate.
ҹͶƱ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-?-1t, -3t] 
A person, an organization, or an establishment associated with another as a subordinate, subsidiary, or member:
Ա֧ΪֻԱˡ֯ϵˡ֯
network affiliates.
Ա
?
Medieval Latin affo3re} [to adopt] 
 affo3re} [] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin fos [son] * see  dh?(i)- 
 fos [] *μ dh?(i)- 
?
affiliation
n.ʣ

= =
affirm
af.firm
AHD:[-f?rm] 
D.J.[*6fT8m]
K.K.[*6fPm]
v.ʣ
af.firmed,af.firm.ing,af.firms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To declare positively or firmly; maintain to be true.See Synonyms at assert 
ԣ϶ػᶨ֤ʵȷμ assert
To support or uphold the validity of; confirm.
֤ʵȷʵֻ֧άȷԣΪ
v.intr.Law ﶯʣɡ 
To declare solemnly and formally but not under oath.
ϣδĵׯʽ
?
Middle English affermen 
йӢ affermen 
from Old French afermer 
Դ ŷ afermer 
from Latin affirm3e 
Դ  affirm3e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
firm3e [to strengthen]  from firmus [strong] * see  dher- 
firm3e [ǿ]  Դ firmus [ǿ] *μ dher- 
?
affirmable
adj.ݴʣ
affirmably
adv.ʣ
affirmant
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
affirmer
n.ʣ

= =
afflict
af.flict
AHD:[-fl1kt] 
D.J.[*6fl!kt]
K.K.[*6fl!kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
af.flict.ed,af.flict.ing,af.flicts 
To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on.
ĥԡҵ
?
Middle English afflighten 
йӢ afflighten 
from afflight [disturbed, frightened] 
Դ afflight [ܵŵģܵŵ] 
from Latin afflictum [past participle of] afflogere [to cast down] 
Դ  afflictum  [] afflogereĹȥִ [ѹ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
floe [to strike] 
floe [] 
?
afflicter
n.ʣ
afflictive
adj.ݴʣ
afflictively
adv.ʣ
?
afflict,agonize,excruciate,rack,torment,torture
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring great harm or suffering to someone: 
Ще˼ǡ˴޴˺ 
afflicted with arthritis;
ڹؽף
agonizing pain;
ȵʹࣻ
excruciating spasms of neuralgia;
ΪʹʹΣ
racked with cancer;
Ϊ֢ࣻ
tormented by migraine headaches;
ƫͷʹĥ
tortured by painful emotions. 
Ϊʹĸ 

= =
afford
af.ford
AHD:[-f?rd, -f?rd] 
D.J.[*6f%8d, *6f*&rd]
K.K.[*6f%rd, *6ford]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
af.ford.ed,af.ford.ing,af.fords 
To have the financial means for; be able to meet the cost of:
оʵڡ㡭Ŀ֧
not able to afford a new car.
³
To be able to spare or give up:
ṩܸ裺
can't afford an hour for lunch.
鲻һСʱ緹
To be able to do or bear without disadvantage or risk to oneself:
򵣸ҶûвӰΣգ
can afford to be tolerant.
ܿݴ
To make available; provide:
ãʹãṩ
a sport affording good exercise; a tree that affords ample shade.
ʹ˻ö˶
?
Middle English aforthen 
йӢ aforthen 
from Old English geforthian [to carry out] 
Դ Ӣ geforthian [ִ] 
ge- [perfective pref.] * see  yclept 
ge- [ǰ׺] *μ yclept
forthian [to further]  from forth [forth, forward] * see  per 1
forthian [ٽ]  Դ forth [ǰǰģأ] *μ per 1

= =
afraid
a.fraid
AHD:[-fr3d] 
D.J.[*6fre!d]
K.K.[*6fred]
adj.ݴʣ
Filled with fear:
־ģµģ־ģ
afraid of ghosts; afraid to die; afraid for his life.
¹
Having feelings of aversion or unwillingness in regard to something:
Ըģģ鷴еĻԸģ
not afraid of hard work; afraid to show emotion.
¼ĹԸ¶
Filled with regret or concern. Used especially to soften an unpleasant statement:
£ڵĻźġָתس˲
I'm afraid you're wrong.

?
Middle English affraied [past participle of] affraien [to frighten] 
йӢ affraied  [] affraienĹȥִ [] 
from Old French esfraier, esfreer [to disturb] 
Դ ŷ esfraier, esfreer [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  pro- 
[նԴ] *μ pro- 
?
afraid,apprehensive,fearful
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is filled with fear: 
Щݴе˼Ϊ־ġ 
afraid of snakes;
ߣ
feeling apprehensive before surgery;
ǰ
fearful of criticism. unafraid 
 unafraid
?
The notion of removal from a state of peace happens to be the basis for constructing.exfred3,   literally to remove from peace, the Vulgar Latin ancestor of our wordafraid.   This 
Vulgar Latin word is made up of the Latin prefixex-,  out of, and a Vulgar Latin verb of the form .frid3e  or .fret3,   which came from Germanic.frithuz,  peace.  The Old French 
wordesfraier,  to disturb, which subsequently developed from .exfred3,  came into Middle English asaffraien,  a verb whose earliest recorded sense, found in a text composed 
possibly around 1300, is to frighten, disturb. Affray,  the descendant of affraien,  is little used in contemporary writing and speech, but the same cannot be said of the descendant of 
the past participle ofaffraien,  our adjective afraid.  
뿪ƽ״̬ǡexfredare һʵĹʻ ˼Ϊ뿪ƽafraid һʵʼ档 ʻΪ뿪ǰ׺ex- 
ﶯʽ fridare  fretare ɣ һﶯʽԴնfrithuz, Ϊƽ ŷﵥesfraier, Ϊš exfredare չģ 
affraien ĶʽйӢмصΪŻšԼ1300һƪС Affray Ϊ affraien ʣڵԼʹ
 ⲻ˵affraien Ĺȥִʵʣڵݴ afraid Ҳʹ 

= =
after
af.ter
AHD:[2ftr] 
D.J.[6#ft*]
K.K.[6#ft+]
prep.ʣ
Behind in place or order:
֮ڵط˳֮
Z comes after Y.
ZY֮
Next to or lower than in order or importance.
ڣ˳Ҫϴڻ
In quest or pursuit of:
̽׷
seek after fame; go after big money.
׷׷Ǯ
Concerning:
йأڣ
asked after you.
ѯʹ
Subsequent in time to; at a later time than:
ڡԺʱڡ֮󣻱ȡһ㣺
come after dinner.
֮
Subsequent to and because of or regardless of:
Ϊ󲻹ܣ
They are still friends after all their differences.
죬
Following continually:
һһϵؽţ
year after year.
긴һ
In the style of or in imitation of:
գգԡķģ¡
satires after Horace.
ģº˹ķƷ
With the same or close to the same name as; in honor or commemoration of:
ԡ롭֣ͬΪ
named after her mother.
ĸ׵
According to the nature or desires of; in conformity to:
롭һ£ݡıʻԸ롭һ£
a tenor after my own heart.
ĵ
Past the hour of:
Ժ
five minutes after three.

adv.ʣ
Behind; in the rear.
ںں
At a later or subsequent time; afterward:
ţԺںʱ䣻Ժ
three hours after; departed shortly after.
СʱԺ󣻲þ뿪
adj.ݴʣ
Subsequent in time or place; later; following:
Ժģŵģʱ͵صϼ̺ģԺģģ
in after years.
Ժ
Nautical Nearer the stern of a vessel.
 󲿵
conj.Ӵʣ
Following or subsequent to the time that:
ڡ֮󣺽ӻ̡֮
I saw them after I arrived.
ҵִ֮Ҽ
n.ʣ
Afternoon.
磬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?fter * see  apo- 
Դ Ӣ ?fter *μ apo- 

= =
afternoon
af.ter.noon
AHD:[2ftr-n?n] 
D.J.[7#ft*6nu8n]
K.K.[7#ft+6nun]
n.ʣ
Abbr. aft.,a.The part of day from noon until sunset.
д aft.,a.磺һд絽ʱ
The latter part:
ڣ󲿣
in the afternoon of life.


= =
afterward
af.ter.ward
AHD:[2ftr-wrd]  Ҳ af.ter.wards [-wrdz] 
D.J.[6#ft*w*d] Ҳ af.ter.wards [-w*dz]
K.K.[6#ft*w*d] Ҳ af.ter.wards [-w*dz]
adv.ʣ
At a later time; subsequently.
Ժ

= =
again
a.gain
AHD:[-gn] 
D.J.[*6gen]
K.K.[*6gWn]
adv.ʣ
Once more; anew:
ٴΣ£
try again.
һ
To a previous place, position, or state:
ָԭصԭԭλԭ״̬
left home but went back again.
ҵֻ
Furthermore; moreover.

On the other hand:
һ棺
She might go, and again she might not.
ȥҲܲȥ
In return; in response; back.
ΪرΪӦش
?
Middle English  influenced by Old Norse i gegn [again] 
йӢ   ˹ά i gegnӰ [һ] 
from Old English ongeagn [against] 
Դ Ӣ ongeagn [롭෴] 

= =
against
a.gainst
AHD:[-gnst] 
D.J.[*6genst]
K.K.[*6gWnst]
prep.ʣ
In a direction or course opposite to:
棺ĳ෴
row against the current.
ˮ
So as to come into forcible contact with:
ײΪ롭ҽӴ
waves dashing against the shore.
İĲ
In contact with so as to rest or press on:
ڣţ롭ӴΪϢѹ
leaned against the tree.
б
In hostile opposition or resistance to:
ֿڵж״롭࿹⣺
struggle against fate.
ͬ˿
Contrary to; opposed to:
롭෴ԣ
against my better judgment.
ҵж෴
In contrast or comparison with the setting or background of:
գԱȣԡĲ򱳾Աȣ
dark colors against a fair skin.
ɫгļ
In preparation for; in anticipation of:
ԤڣԱΪ׼ڴš
food stored against winter.
Ϊʳ
As a defense or safeguard from:
ԤԡΪ򱣻
protection against the cold.
Ԥð
To the account or debt of:
һȡΪϵӦտΪĽ
drew a check against my bank balance.
֧Ʊ֧ȡԼн
Directly opposite to; facing.
ţ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of againes 
 againesı仯 
from Old English ongeagn 
Դ Ӣ ongeagn 

= =
age
age
AHD:[3j] 
D.J.[e!d9]
K.K.[ed9]
n.ʣ
The length of time that one has existed; duration of life:
䣺һʱ䳤ȣʱ䣺
23 years of age.
ʮ
The time of life when a person becomes qualified to assume certain civil and personal rights and responsibilities, usually at 18 or 21 years; legal age:
ꣻ䣺һʸʹĳЩ͸Ȩε䣬ͨΪ1821ꣻ䣺
under age; of age.
δ꣬δﵽ䣻꣬ﵽ
One of the stages of life:
׶Σеһ׶Σ
the age of adolescence; at an awkward age.
ഺڣδഺ
The state of being old; old age:
ꣻϣ
hair white with age.
׷
Often Age 
  Age 
A period in the history of humankind marked by a distinctive characteristic or achievement:
ʱʱڣʷһʱʱڣеɾΪ־
the Stone Age; the computer age.
ʯʱʱ
A period in the history of the earth, usually shorter than an epoch:
ڣͣʷеһʱڣ̣ͨ
the Ice Age.

A period of time marked by the presence or influence of a dominant figure:
ʱڣһĴڻӰΪ־һʱڣ
the Elizabethan Age.See Synonyms at period 
ɯʱڲμ period
The period of history during which a person lives:
ʷ׶Σʷ׶Σ
a product of his age.
ʷ׶εĲ
A generation:
һ
ages yet unborn.
δĺ
ages Informal An extended period of time:
 ages ʽ ʱڣ꣺ܳһʱ䣺
left ages ago.
ǰ뿪
v.ʣ
aged,ag.ing,ag.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to become old.
ʹϣʹ
To cause to mature or ripen under controlled conditions:
ʹ죬ʹ£ܿƵʹ£
aging wine.
ʹƱ
To change (the characteristics of a device) through use, especially to stabilize (an electronic device).
ʹȶͨʹı䣨һĵʹһȶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become old.
ϣ
To manifest traits associated with old age.
ʹϣֺйص
To develop a certain quality of ripeness; become mature:
죻£չֳĳʣ죺
cheese aging at room temperature.See Synonyms at mature 
³Ҳμ mature
?
age out ʽ
To reach an age, 18 or 21 years, for example, at which one is no longer eligible for certain special services, such as education or protection, from the state.
䣺һ䣬1821ܹ꣬ҵ򱣻ĳЩչ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French aage 
Դ ŷ aage 
from Vulgar Latin *aet3m 
Դ  *aet3m 
from Latin aet3s  aet3t- [age] * see  aiw- 
Դ  aet3s  aet3t- [] *μ aiw- 
?
ager
n.ʣ

= =
agency
a.gen.cy
AHD:[3jn-s?] 
D.J.[6e!d9*nsi8]
K.K.[6ed9*nsi]
n.ʣ
 a.gen.cies д agcy.
The condition of being in action; operation.
ãõ״ãЧ
The means or mode of acting; instrumentality.
ֶΣжķʽý
A business or service authorized to act for others:
УȨµҵ
an employment agency.
ְҵ
An administrative division of a government or international body.
һڻʻϽµ
?
Medieval Latin agentia 
 agentia 
from Latin ag?s  agent- [present participle of] agere [to do] * see  agent 
Դ  ag?s  agent-  [] agereڷִ [] *μ agent

= =
agent
a.gent
AHD:[3jnt] 
D.J.[6e!d9*nt]
K.K.[6ed9*nt]
n.Abbr. agt.ʣд agt.
One that acts or has the power or authority to act.
жߣж˻Ȩ
One empowered to act for or represent another:
ˣ̣Ȩµˣ
an author's agent; an insurance agent.
Ҵˣ
A means by which something is done or caused; instrument.
ý飬н飻ֶΣĳµֶΣֶΣ
A force or substance that causes a change:
仯ʣ
a chemical agent.
ѧƼ
A representative or official of a government or administrative department of a government:
ִ٣ĴԱ
an FBI agent.
̽
A spy.
̽̽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin ag?s  agent- [present participle of] agere [to do] * see  ag- 
Դ  ag?s  agent-  [] agereڷִ [] *μ ag- 

= =
aggravate
ag.gra.vate
AHD:[2gr-v3t] 
D.J.[6#gr*7ve!t]
K.K.[6#gr*7vet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ag.gra.vat.ed,ag.gra.vat.ing,ag.gra.vates 
To make worse or more troublesome.
أӾ磻ʹ񻯣ʹø鷳
To rouse to exasperation or anger; provoke.See Synonyms at annoy 
ʹջ𣻼ŭŭŭɿμ annoy
?
Latin aggrav3e  aggrav3t- 
 aggrav3e  aggrav3t- 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
grav3e [to burden]  from gravis [heavy] * see  g wer- 1
grav3e []  Դ gravis [ص] *μ g wer- 1
?
aggravatingly
adv.ʣ
aggravative
adj.ݴʣ
aggravator
n.ʣ
?
It is sometimes claimed thataggravate  should be used only to mean to make worse and not to irritate. Based on this view it would be appropriate to sayThe endless wait for 
luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel,  but not It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most.   But the latter use dates back as far as the 17th century and 
is accepted by 68 percent of the Usage Panel. As H.W. Fowler wrote, the extension from aggravating a person's temper to aggravating the person himself is slight and natural,and 
when we are told that Wackford Squeers [in Dickens'sNicholas Nickleby ] pinched the boys in aggravating places we may reasonably infer that his choice of places aggravated both the 
pinches and the boys.
ʱΪaggravate Ӧֻʾأʹ񻯡˼ʾʹջ𣻼ŭ ֹ۵㣬The endless wait for luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel
ֹصȴִɻеѣ ȷģ It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the mostֹصȴΪջ һ
ȷ Ǻһ÷׷ݵ17ͣұٷ֮ʮ˵÷ʹСԱܡHWдʹһ˵Ƣøʹһջ΢С
Ȼģǿ˸ء˹˹۳ԵҸ˹С˵˹˶ ջĵطšʱ ǿԺƶϳѡĵطȼӾšʹ
ǴΪջ𡣡

= =
aggressive
ag.gres.sive
AHD:[-grs1v] 
D.J.[*6gres!v]
K.K.[*6grWs!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion.
ַģƵģڵжΪ
Assertive, bold, and enterprising:
ģŵġ󵨵ĺͻȡģ
an aggressive young executive.
һȡĺǿԱ
Intense or harsh, as in color.
ǿҵģĿģǿҵĻĿģɫ
Fast growing; tending to spread quickly:
ѸٵģѸٵģѸٵģ
an aggressive tumor.
Ѹӵ
?
aggressively
adv.ʣ
aggressiveness
n.ʣ

= =
agitation
ag.i.ta.tion
AHD:[2j1-t3shn] 
D.J.[7#d9!6te!.*n]
K.K.[7#d9!6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of agitating or the state of being agitated.
ҡҡĶҡ״̬
Extreme emotional disturbance; perturbation.
ǣȵ
The stirring up of public interest in a matter of controversy, such as a political or social issue.
Ķɿڶ⣬λע
?
agitational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
ago
a.go
AHD:[-g?] 
D.J.[*6g*&]
K.K.[*6go]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Gone by; past:
ȥ
two years ago.
ǰ
In the past:
ȥǰ
It happened ages ago.
·ںܾúܾǰ
?
Middle English [past participle of] agon [to go away] 
йӢ  [] agonĹȥִ [뿪] 
from Old English 33n} 
Դ Ӣ 33n} 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿǰ׺] 
g3n [to go] * see  gh?- 
g3n [] *μ gh?- 

= =
agony
ag.o.ny
AHD:[2g-n?] 
D.J.[6#g*ni8]
K.K.[6#g*ni]
n.ʣ
 ag.o.nies 
The suffering of intense physical or mental pain.
ʹࣺϵļʹ
The struggle that precedes death.
ǰ
A sudden or intense emotion:
ͻĻǿҵĸ飺
an agony of doubt.
һʱͻĻ
A violent, intense struggle.
ҵ
?
Middle English agonie 
йӢ agonie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ag?a 
Դ  ag?a 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from ag?n [struggle] 
Դ ag?n [] 
from agein [to drive] * see  ag- 
Դ agein [ʹ] *μ ag- 

= =
agree
a.gree
AHD:[-gr?] 
D.J.[*6gri8]
K.K.[*6gri]
v.ʣ
a.greed,a.gree.ing,a.grees 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grant consent; accede.
ͬ⣻ͬ
To come into or be in accord, as of opinion.
Ͷϣһ£ﵽһµ״̬
To be of one opinion; concur.
һ£Ӧ
To come to an understanding or to terms.
̶Э
To be compatible or in correspondence:
ͬ
The copy agrees with the original.
ӡԭһ
To be suitable, appropriate, pleasing, or healthful:
ʺϣˣ⣬棺
Spicy food does not agree with me.
ʳﲻҵθ
Grammar To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.
﷨ Ӧһ£ԡ˳Ʒ˴˺Ӧһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grant or concede:
ͬ⣬ͬ
My parents agreed that we should go.
ҵĸĸͬȥ
?
Middle English agreen 
йӢ agreen 
from Old French agreer 
Դ ŷ agreer 
from Vulgar Latin *aggr33re} 
Դ  *aggr33re} 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin gr3s [pleasing] * see  g wer- 2
 gr3s [õ] *μ g wer- 2
?
agree,conform,harmonize,accord,correspond,coincide
These verbs all indicate a compatible relationship between people or things.
Щʶʾ֮֮һЭϵ
 Agree   may indicate mere lack of incongruity or discord: 
 Agree  ԽʾЭһ£ 
The testimony of all the witnesses agrees on that point.  Often, however, it suggests acceptance of ideas or actions and thus accommodation: 
֤˵֤ݶͳһһϡ ȻʾΪĽܺɣ 
We finally agreed on a price for the house.
̶˷ӵļ۸
Conform   stresses correspondence in essence or basic characteristics, sometimes as a result of accommodation to established standards: 
Conform  ǿʻصһ£ʱڷѱȷ׼Ľ 
The kinds of books in her library conform to her level of education.
ĲǺĽ̶һµġ
Students are required to conform to the rules.
ѧҪع
Harmonize   implies a relationship of unlike elements combined or arranged to make a pleasing whole: 
Harmonize  ʾһֲͬصĹϵϳɻųõ壺 
Beige harmonizes with black.
ɫͺɫһЭ
Accord   implies harmonious relationship, unity, or consistency, as in feeling or essential nature: 
Accord  ʾǢĹϵͳһһ£ڸҪʷ棺 
The creed [upon which America was founded] was widely seen as both progressive and universalistic: It accorded with the future, and it was open to all   (Everett Carll Ladd).
 ϣ 㷺Ϊǽձģδһ£һж  ء£
 Correspond   refers either to actual similarity in form or nature (The dots on the pattern correspond with the seam allowance on the cut fabric ) or to similarity in function, character, or 
structure:  
 Correspond  ָʽʵƣͼϵĵúͼ֯߷Ǻ ָܡṹƣ  
The Diet in Japan corresponds to the American Congress.
ձ൱Ĺᡣ
Coincide   stresses exact agreement in space, time, or thought: 
Coincide  ǿص㡢ʱ˼ȫһ£ 
His interest happily coincided with his duty  (Edward A. Freeman).See also Synonyms at  assent disagree 
 ˸˵Ȥɺһ¡ »Aţμͬ assentdisagree

= =
agreeable
a.gree.a.ble
AHD:[-gr?-bl] 
D.J.[*6gri8*b*l]
K.K.[*6gri*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
To one's liking; pleasing.See Synonyms at amiable 
ģģĳ˵İõģĲμ amiable
Suitable; conformable.
ʺϵģһµ
Ready to consent or submit.
ͬģͬӵ
?
agreeability  
agreeableness
n.ʣ
agreeably
adv.ʣ

= =
agreement
a.gree.ment
AHD:[-gr?mnt] 
D.J.[*6gri8m*nt]
K.K.[*6grim*nt]
n.Abbr. agt.ʣд agt.
The act of agreeing.
ͬ⣬ͬͬΪ
Harmony of opinion; accord.
һ£ĺгͳһһ
An arrangement between parties regarding a method of action; a covenant.
ЭЭ飺ж̶Э
Law 
ɡ 
A properly executed and legally binding compact.
ͬЭ飺ϸִеĻܷԼԼ
The writing or document embodying this compact.
ͬ飬Э飺ӳһԼֻļ
Grammar Correspondence in gender, number, case, or person between words.
﷨ Ӧһ£֮ԡ˳Ƶһ£Ӧ

= =
agriculture
ag.ri.cul.ture
AHD:[2gr1-k?lchr] 
D.J.[6#gr!7kJlt.*]
K.K.[6#gr!7kJlt.+]
n.Abbr. agri.,agric.ʣд agri.,agric.
The science, art, and business of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming.
ũգũҵڸءũĿѧպҵũҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin agro?ra} 
Դ  agro?ra} 
agro} [genitive of] ager [field] * see  agro- 
agro}  [] agerи [] *μ agro- 
cult?a [cultivation] * see  culture 
cult?a [] *μ culture
?
agricultural
adj.ݴʣ
agriculturally
adv.ʣ
agriculturist  
agriculturalist
n.ʣ

= =
ahead
a.head
AHD:[-hd] 
D.J.[*6hed]
K.K.[*6hWd]
adv.ʣ
At or to the front or head.
ǰ棬ǰͷ
In advance; before:
Ԥȣڡ֮ǰ
Pay ahead, and you'll receive a discount.
Ԥȸۿ
In or into the future; for the future:
ڽΪ
planned ahead.
ƻδ
In an advanced position or a configuration registering the future:
ǰǰǰеλûָʾδķλ
Set the clock ahead.
ʱӲ
At or to a different time; earlier or later:
ڲͬʱ䣻ǰƳ٣
moved the appointment ahead, from Tuesday to Monday.
Լڶǰһ
In a forward direction; onward:
ǰǰ
The train moved ahead slowly.
𳵻ǰƶ
In the prescribed direction or sequence for normal use:
أΪõʹö涨ķ˳
You won't hear anything unless you roll the tape ahead.
¼ǰתǲκζ
In or into a more advantageous position:
ڸĵλ
wanted to get ahead in life.
ͷ
?
be ahead
To be winning or in a superior position:
ȣռƣ
The home team was ahead in the second period. Your company is ahead in developing the new technology.
ڵڶ׶εıдȡǵĹ˾ڷչ¿Ƽ洦ȵλ

= =
aid
aid
AHD:[3d] 
D.J.[e!d]
K.K.[ed]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
aid.ed,aid.ing,aids 
To furnish with help, support, or relief.See Synonyms at help 
ṩ֧Ԯμ help
n.ʣ
The act or result of helping; assistance.
Ϊ
An assistant or a helper.
֣
A device that assists:
豸
visual aids such as slides.
ӾõƬ
A hearing aid.

An aide or an aide-de-camp.
٣̴
A monetary payment to a feudal lord by a vassal in medieval England.
Ӣ⳼ɵĹ
?
Middle English aiden 
йӢ aiden 
from Old French aider 
Դ ŷ aider 
from Latin adi?3re} 
Դ  adi?3re} 
frequentative of adiuv3e  adi?t- [to help] 
 adiuv3  adi?t- [] 
ad- [to] * see  ad- 
ad- [] *μ ad- 
iuv3e [to help] 
iuv3e [] 
?
aider
n.ʣ

= =
aim
aim
AHD:[3m] 
D.J.[e!m]
K.K.[em]
v.ʣ
aimed,aim.ing,aims 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct (a weapon or remark, for example) toward an intended goal or mark.
׼ԣѣ۵ȣ׼ԤڵĿǺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct a weapon:
׼׼׼
a gunner aiming carefully.
ϸ׼ĳǹ
To determine a course:
ּڣһ̣
aim for a better education.
õĽ
To propose to do something; intend.
㣻ͼ
n.ʣ
The act of aiming.
׼׼׼Ϊ
Skill at hitting a target:
ǹĿļɣ
The shooter's aim was perfect.
ߵǹ
The line of fire of an aimed weapon.
׼ǣ׼Ŀ
The degree of accuracy of a weapon.
׼ȷ
A purpose or intention toward which one's efforts are directed.
Ŀģ־ĳŬĿ
Obsolete A target; a mark.
 Ŀꣻ
Obsolete A conjecture; a guess.
 ⣻²
?
Middle English aimen 
йӢ aimen 
from Old French esmer [to estimate]  from Latin aestim3e 
Դ ŷ esmer []  Դ  aestim3e 
and from Old French aesmer  from Vulgar Latin *ad estim3e  Latin ad- [ad-]  Latin aestim3e [to estimate] 
Դ ŷ aesmer  Դ  *ad estim3e   ad- [ǰ׺]   aestim3e [] 
?
aim,direct,level,point,train
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to turn something in the direction of an intended goal or target: 
Щʵ˼ǡĳָԤڵĿĻĿꡱ 
aimed the camera at the guests;
׼ǣ
directing her eyes on the book;
ʹĿע⵽ϣ
leveled criticism at the administration;
ָţ
pointing a finger at the suspect;
ָָɷ
trained the gun on the intruder. See also Synonyms at  intention 
ǹ׼ μͬ intention

= =
air
air
AHD:[ar] 
D.J.[e*]
K.K.[Wr]
n.ʣ
A colorless, odorless, tasteless, gaseous mixture, mainly nitrogen (approximately 78 percent) and oxygen (approximately 21 percent) with lesser amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, 
hydrogen, neon, helium, and other gases.
һɫᡢζҪɵԼռ78%Լռ21%ɣ벡̼⡢ʡ
This mixture with varying amounts of moisture and particulate matter, enveloping Earth; the atmosphere.
ǵĲͬʪʵĻ
The atmosphere in an enclosure.
ܱ壺ܱе
The sky; the firmament.
գռ
A giant void; nothingness:
գޣ
The money vanished into thin air.
ǮѾʧ
An atmospheric movement; a breeze or wind.
΢磺һ΢
Aircraft:
ɻ
send troops to Europe by air.
˲ӵŷ
Public utterance; vent:
ʾ͸¶
gave air to their grievances.
ʾ
The electronic broadcast media:
㲥ߵ紫ý磺
often ridiculed . . . extremist groups on air(Christian Science Monitor)
ڹ㲥ﾭЦ塱(̿ѧԱ)
A peculiar or characteristic impression; an aura.
գۣػеӡ
Personal bearing, appearance, or manner; mien.
ʣȣ˵ľֹΪʽ̬
airs An affected, often haughty pose; affectation.See Synonyms at affectation 
 airs װǻƣҳǰ̬ٲμ affectation
Music A melody or tune, especially:
֡ ɣɣָ
The soprano or treble part in a harmonized composition.
ŮƷеŮ
A solo with or without accompaniment.
ࣺްĶ
Air conditioning.
յ
Archaic Breath.
 
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
գһʣ
air movements; air safety.
հȫ
v.ʣ
aired,air.ing,airs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expose so that air can dry, cool, or freshen; ventilate.
ʹɣ¶ڿʹˬʣͨ
To give vent to publicly:
͸¶
airing my pet peeves.See Synonyms at vent 1
͸¶ҵԹ޲μ vent1
To broadcast on television or radio:
ͣڵӻߵﲥͣ
The ad was submitted to CBS . . . which accepted and aired it(New York)
ίCBSĹ沥ˡ(ŦԼ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be broadcast on television or radio:
㲥ڵӻ㲥
tidbits that will air on tonight's 6 o'clock news(Terry Ann Knopf)
ȤŽҪڽ6ŽĿв(ŵ)
?
in the air
Abroad; prevalent:
㷺ģеģ
Excitement was in the air.
˷֮
up in the air
Not yet decided; uncertain.
δδȷ
?
Partly from Middle English air [gas, atmosphere]  from Old French  from Latin 3?r}  from Greek a?r * see  wer- 1
Դ йӢ air [壬]  Դ ŷ  Դ  3?r}  Դ ϣ a?r *μ wer- 1
and partly from French air [nature, quality, place of origin]  from Latin ager [place, field] * see  agriculture  Latin 3a [open space, threshing floor] * see  area 
ҲԴ  air [ƷԣƷʣ]  Դ  ager [] *μ agriculture  3a [ŵĿռ䣬ȳ] *μ area
N., sense 9, from French air [tune] 
9Դ  air [] 
from Italian aria * see  aria 
Դ  aria *μ aria

= =
aircraft
air.craft
AHD:[arkr2ft] 
D.J.[6e*7kr#ft]
K.K.[6Wr7kr#ft]
n.ʣ
 aircraft 
A machine or device, such as an airplane, a helicopter, a glider, or a dirigible, that is capable of atmospheric flight.
ɻܹڿзеĻװãɻֱɴ

= =
airline
air.line
AHD:[arlon] 
D.J.[6e*7la!n]
K.K.[6Wr7la!n]
n.ʣ
A system for scheduled air transport of passengers and freight.
ߣͳ˿ͺͻĹ̶кϵͳ
A business providing a system of scheduled air transport.Also called  In this sense, also called airway 
չ˾ṩ̶ϵͳĹ˾Ҳ  ڴҲɳ airway

= =
airplane
air.plane
AHD:[arpl3n] 
D.J.[6e*7ple!n]
K.K.[6Wr7plen]
n.Abbr. APʣд AP
Any of various winged vehicles capable of flight, generally heavier than air and driven by jet engines or propellers.
ɻܹеĴͨߣͨȿأʽ

= =
airport
air.port
AHD:[arp?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[6e*7p%8t, -7p*&rt]
K.K.[6Wr7p%rt, -7port]
n.ʣ
A tract of leveled land where aircraft can take off and land, usually equipped with hard-surfaced landing strips, a control tower, hangars, aircraft maintenance and refueling facilities, and 
accommodations for passengers and cargo.
ɹɻɺͽһƬƽأͨмӲķɻܵɻ⡢ɻάͼ豸Լ˿ͺʩͻ
Such an installation in which the landing area is on water.
ոۣˮͣʩ

= =
alarm
a.larm
AHD:[-l?rm] 
D.J.[*6l$8m]
K.K.[*6l$rm]
n.ʣ
A sudden fear caused by the realization of danger.
֣ʶΣպͻȻ־
A warning of existing or approaching danger.
Դڻ򼴽Σյľ
Abbr. almAn electrical, electronic, or mechanical device that serves to warn of danger by means of a sound or signal.
д almӣһֵġӵĻеװãͨźʾΣյľ
The sounding mechanism of an alarm clock.
壺ӷĻеװ
A call to arms.
Աװź
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.larmed,a.larm.ing,a.larms 
To fill with alarm; frighten.
ʹ֣ʹ֣
To give warning to.
桭
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French alarme 
Դ ŷ alarme 
from Old Italian allarme 
Դ  allarme 
from all'arme [to arms] 
Դ all'arme [װ] 
alla [to the]  from Latin ad illa  ad- [ad-]  illa [pl. of] illud [the] * see  al- 1
alla [ڡ]  Դ  ad illa  ad- [ǰ׺]  illa  [] illudĸ [ڴthe] *μ al- 1
arme [arms]  from Latin arma * see  ar- 
arme [װ]  Դ  arma *μ ar- 
?
alarmingly
adv.ʣ
?
alarm,alert,tocsin,warning
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a signal that warns of imminent danger: 
Щʹе˼ǡԼΣշźš 
a burglar alarm;

sirens signaling a bomb alert;
ըźţ
a tocsin ringing from church steeples;
ϴľ
factory whistles sounding a forest-fire warning.. See also Synonyms at  fear ,frighten 
ɭ𾯱Ĺ μͬ fear,frighten

= =
alcohol
al.co.hol
AHD:[2lk-h?l, -h?l] 
D.J.[6#lk*7h%8l, -7hKl]
K.K.[6#lk*7h%l, -7h$l]
n.ʣ
Abbr. al.,alc.A colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, C2H 5OH, synthesized or obtained by fermentation of sugars and starches and widely used, either pure or denatured, as a solvent 
and in drugs, cleaning solutions, explosives, and intoxicating beverages. Also called  ethanol ,ethyl alcohol ,grain alcohol 
д al.,alc.ƾҴǺ͵۷ͺϳɻȡòҹ㷺ʹõһɫ׻ӷȼҺ壬C2H 5OH۴ƾԾƾΪܼҽҩܽ⡢ը
ҩ Ҳ  ethanol,ethyl alcohol,grain alcohol
Intoxicating liquor containing alcohol.
ƣƾϣоƾ˵
Any of a series of hydroxyl compounds, the simplest of which are derived from saturated hydrocarbons, have the general formula CnH 2n+1OH, and include ethanol and methanol. 
һϵǻһ֣򵥵һֿɴӱϵ̼⻯ȡлѧʽCnH 2n+1OHҰҴͼ״ 
?
Medieval Latin [fine metallic powder, especially of antimony] 
 [ĥϸĽԷĩָķĩ] 
from Arabic al-ku?l 
Դ  al-ku?l 
al [the] 
al [ڴthe] 
ku?l [powder of antimony] 
ku?l [ķĩ] 
?
Theal-  in alcohol  may alert some readers to the fact that this is a word of Arabic descent, as is the case withalgebra  and alkalial  being the Arabic definite article corresponding to the 
 in English. The origin of-cohol  is less obvious, however. Its Arabic ancestor wasku?,  a fine powder most often made from antimony and used by women to darken their eyelids;in 
fact,ku?l  has given us the word kohl  for such a preparation. Arabic chemists came to useal-ku?l  to mean any fine powder produced in a number of ways, including the process of 
heating a substance to a gaseous state and then recooling it. The English wordalcohol,  derived through Medieval Latin from Arabic, is first recorded in 1543 in this sense. Arabic 
chemists also usedal-ku?l  to refer to other substances such as essences that were obtained by distillation, a sense first found for Englishalcohol  in 1672. One of these distilled 
essences, known as alcohol of wine, is the constituent of fermented liquors that causes intoxication.This essence took over the termalcohol  for itself, whence it has come to refer to 
the liquor that contains this essence as well as to a class of chemical compounds such as methanol.
al-  alcohol е÷ܻʹע⵽Դڰ ͬalgerbra  alkali--al ΪӢ the Ӧİﶨڴʡ -cohol ĴԴͲô
 ڰдkuhl  һͨྫжɵķĩŮͿʵkuhl ѿԵóΪõ kohl һʡ Ļѧǿʼal-
kuhl һָͨһϵзõϸĩ Щһʼ״̬ʹ֮ȴĹ̡Ӣеalcohol ʣɸðʻ֮
չģļ¼1543ꡣ ѧҲal-kuhl ָͨõľʣ Ӣʻalcohol һ1672ꡣ 
һֱΪƾǿ˵ķҺɲ֡alchohol רָһʵĴʻ㣬 ӴԺҲָʵҺ弰״Ȼ

= =
alert
a.lert
AHD:[-l?rt] 
D.J.[*6lT8t]
K.K.[*6lPt]
adj.ݴʣ
Vigilantly attentive; watchful:
ģģעģ
alert to danger; an alert bank guard.See Synonyms at aware 
ΣգбԱμ aware
Mentally responsive and perceptive; quick.
˼άݵģ˼άӦѸҸоģݵ
Brisk or lively in action:
õģжлģ
the bird's alert hopping from branch to branch.
С֦件Ծ
n.ʣ
A signal that warns of attack or danger:
Σյźţ
Sirens sounded the alert for an air raid.See Synonyms at alarm 
Ϯľμ alarm
A condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action:
״̬߶Ⱦ׼ʱж״̬׶Σ
Nuclear-armed bombers were put on alert during the crisis.
װըΣڼ为𾯽
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.lert.ed,a.lert.ing,a.lerts 
To notify of approaching danger or action; warn:
򡭱ٽΣջж֪ͨ棺
a flashing red light that alerted motorists to trouble ahead.
˸ĺƾĦгǰΣ
?
on the alert
Watchful and prepared for danger, emergency, or opportunity:
ţţעҷΣա᣺
bird watchers on the alert for a rare species.
עϡ
?
French alerte 
 alerte 
from Italian all' erta [on the lookout] 
Դ  all' erta [ע] 
alla [to the, on the]  from Latin ad illam [to that]  ad- [ad-]  illam [accusative of] illa [that] * see  al- 1
alla [ԡڡ֮]  Դ  ad illam [Ǹ]  ad- [ǰ׺]  illam  [] illaı [] *μ al- 1
erta [lookout] [from past participle of] ergere [to raise]  from Latin ?e * see  erect 
erta [ע]  [] ԴergereĹȥִ []  Դ  ?e *μ erect

= =
alien
a.li.en
AHD:[3l?-n, 3lyn] 
D.J.[6e!li8*n, 6e!lj*n]
K.K.[6eli*n, 6elj*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Owing political allegiance to another country or government; foreign:
ģЧһһģģ
alien residents.

Belonging to, characteristic of, or constituting another and very different place, society, or person; strange.See Synonyms at foreign 
İģģ켺ģڡɻһȫͬĵط˵ģİĲμ foreign
Dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed, as in nature:
ģݵģϲͬһ»ģ
emotions alien to her temperament.See Synonyms at extrinsic 
вμ extrinsic
n.ʣ
An unnaturalized foreign resident of a country.Also called  noncitizen 
ȣһδùҲ  noncitizen
A person from another and very different family, people, or place.
ˣһȫͬļͥط
A person who is not included in a group; an outsider.
ˣˣųһȺ֮ˣ֮֯
A creature from outer space:
ˣ̫յ
science fiction about an invasion of aliens.
ֵĿƻС˵
Ecology A plant or an animal that occurs in or is naturalized in a region to which it is not native.
̬ѧ ԭֲԭһֳһӦ˸õԭֲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.li.ened,a.li.en.ing,a.li.ens ɡ 
To transfer (property) to another; alienate.
תãöɣƲתøˣö
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ali?s 
Դ  ali?s 
from alius [other] * see  al- 1
Դ alius [] *μ al- 1

= =
alike
a.like
AHD:[-lok] 
D.J.[*6la!k]
K.K.[*6la!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having close resemblance; similar:
ͬģƵģǳģƵģ
The twins are as alike as two peas in a pod. Friends are generally alike in background and tastes.
˫̥һŶӡһ˵ѵľƷζ
adv.ʣ
In the same manner or to the same degree:
һأƵأͬķʽͬĳ̶ȣ
They dress and walk alike.
ǵĴź·̬ʮ
?
Middle English alich  influenced by Old Norse 3okr} 
йӢ alich   ˹ά 3okrӰ} 
blend of ilich  from Old English geloc 
 ilich  Դ Ӣ geloc 
anlich  from Old English onloc * see  lok- 
anlich  Դ Ӣ onloc *μ lok- 
?
alikeness
n.ʣ

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alive
a.live
AHD:[-lov] 
D.J.[*6la!v]
K.K.[*6la!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having life; living.See Synonyms at living 
ģŵĲμ living
In existence or operation; active:
ڵģڻתģõģ
keep your hopes alive.
ʹϣ֮
Full of living or moving things; abounding:
ģĻ˶Ķģḻģ
a pool alive with trout.
ˮ
Full of activity or animation; lively:
лģ˻ģԾģ
a face alive with mischief.
һųƤɫ
?
alive to
Aware of; sensitive to:
ʶģеģ
alive to the moods of others.
Ա
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
a- [in a specified state] * see  a- 2
a- [һض״] *μ a-2
live [life]  from Old English lof * see  life 
live []  Դ Ӣ lof *μ life
?
aliveness
n.ʣ

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all
all
AHD:[?l] 
D.J.[%8l]
K.K.[%l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or representing the entire or total number, amount, or quantity:
һеģеģлȫĿģ
All the windows are open. Deal all the cards.See Synonyms at whole 
еĴӶšƶ˲μ whole
Constituting, being, or representing the total extent or the whole:
ģȫģɣлȫΧģ
all Christendom.
лͽ
Being the utmost possible of:
ȵģģܵģ
argued the case in all seriousness.

Every:
ֵģ
got into all manner of trouble.
ָ
Any whatsoever:
Σ
beyond all doubt.
ʵ
Pennsylvania Finished; used up:
Ϧݡ ľģģ
The apples are all.See Regional Note at gum band 
ƻȫ˲μ gum band
Informal Being more than one:
ʽ ģһϵģ
Who all came to the party?See Regional Note at you-all 
˭Ҫȥμ?μ you-all
n.ʣ
The whole of one's fortune, resources, or energy; everything one has:
ȫһУĳ˲ƲǻۻȫһӵеһУ
The brave defenders gave their all.
¸ҵķ߷ս
pron.ʣ
The entire or total number, amount, or quantity; totality:
ȫ壺ȫеĿ壺
All of us are sick. All that I have is yours.
ȫˡеһж
Everyone; everything:
ÿˣÿ
justice for all.
ÿ˶
adv.ʣ
Wholly; completely:
ȫأȫأ
a room painted all white; directions that were all wrong.
һȫˢɰɫķ䣻ȫķ
Each; apiece:
ÿˣÿ£
a score of five all.

So much:
ǳ
I am all the better for that experience.
Ҷľϵ
?
all along
From the beginning; throughout:
ʼգһֱһ᣺
saw through the disguise all along.
ҴһʼͿǸαװ
all but
Nearly; almost:
ࣻ
all but crying with relief.
ֵزһ
all in
Tired; exhausted.
ƣģ
all in all
Everything being taken into account:
ܵ˵֮жڣ
All in all, the criticism seemed fair.
ܵ˵㹫ƽ
all ofʽ
Not more than:
ڣ
a conversation that took all of five minutes.
ӵ̸
all thatʽ
To the degree expected.
ôˣﵽĳ̶ȵ
at all
In any way:
Σ
unable to walk at all.
û
To any extent; whatever:
˿һ㣺κγ̶ϣ
not at all sorry.
һҲ
?
Middle English al 
йӢ al 
from Old English eall * see  al- 3
Դ Ӣ eall *μ al- 3
?
The constructionall that  is used informally in questions and negative sentences to mean to the degree expected, as inI know it won an Oscar, but the film is not all that exciting.   In 
an earlier survey, the Usage Panel rejected the use of this construction in formal writing.  Sentences of the formAll X's are not Y  may be ambiguous. All of the departments did not file 
a report  may mean that some departments did not file, or that none did. If the first meaning is intended,it can be unambiguously expressed by the sentenceNot all of the departments 
filed a report.   If the second meaning is intended, a paraphrase such asNone of the departments filed a report  or All of the departments failed to file a report  can be used. Note that the 
same problem can arise with other universal terms likeevery  in negated sentences, as in the ambiguousEvery department did not file a report.  See Usage Note at every 
all that ־䷨Ϊʽʾͷ񶨾У˼Ϊﵽĳ̶ȵء ֪ⲿӰƬ˰˹ô һС ȵһεУ
÷ʹС鲻ͬʽһAll X's are not Y ͵ľӿܻ塣 All of the departrnents did not file a report ָһЩûҲָûһ
 ָǵһ˼ͨ仰ȷرNot all of the departments file a report  ָǵڶ˼None of the departments file a 
report  All of the departments failed to file a report ԰˼ עevery ڷ񶨾ʱҲ ľEvery 
department did not file a report  μ every

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allege
al.lege
AHD:[-lj] 
D.J.[*6led9]
K.K.[*6lWd9]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
al.leged,al.leg.ing,al.leg.es 
To assert to be true; affirm:
ԣƣơΪʵԣ
alleging his innocence of the charge.
Լ
To assert without or before proof:
⣬ƣû֤ݻõ֤֮ǰƣ
The indictment alleges that the commissioner took bribes.
ٱָܻ¸
To state (a plea or excuse, for example) in support or denial of a claim or accusation:
ãڣƣɣֻ֧һҪָأ
The defendant alleges temporary insanity.
ʱʧΪ
Archaic To bring forward as an authority.
 ã֤ΪȨ
?
Middle English alleggen 
йӢ alleggen 
from Old French alegier [to vindicate, justify]  influenced by aleguer [to give a reason] 
Դ ŷ alegier [֤޹֤]   aleguerӰ [һ] 
from esligier [to pay a fine, justify oneself] 
Դ esligier [֤Լ] 
from Late Latin *exlo3re} [to clear at law] 
Դ  *exlo3re} [ͷ] 
Latin ex- [out] * see  ex- 
 ex- [] *μ ex-
Latin lo3re} [to sue] * see  litigate 
 lo3re} [] *μ litigate
?
allegeable
adj.ݴʣ
alleger
n.ʣ

= =
alleviate
al.le.vi.ate
AHD:[-l?v?-3t] 
D.J.[*6li8vi87e!t]
K.K.[*6livi7et]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
al.le.vi.at.ed,al.le.vi.at.ing,al.le.vi.ates 
To make (pain, for example) more bearable:
᣺ʹʹȣܣ
a drug that alleviates cold symptoms.See Synonyms at relieve 
һּð֢״ҩƷμ relieve
?
Late Latin allevi3e  allevi3t- [to lighten] 
 allevi3e  allevi3t- [] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺ǰ] 
levis [light] * see  leg wh- 
levis [] *μ leg wh- 
?
alleviation
n.ʣ
alleviator
n.ʣ

= =
alliance
al.li.ance
AHD:[-lons] 
D.J.[*6la!*ns]
K.K.[*6la!*ns]
n.ʣ
A close association of nations or other groups, formed to advance common interests or causes:
ˣͬˣˣһΪ˴ٽ乲ͬҵɵĽˣ
an alliance of labor unions opposing the bill.
ԷĹ
A formal agreement establishing such an association, especially an international treaty of friendship.
Լ˵ʽЭرǹѺЭ
A connection based on kinship, marriage, or common interest; a bond or tie:
ϵϵԵͬȤϵĹϵϵϵ
the shifting alliances within a large family.
һжĹϵ
Close similarity in nature or type; affinity:
ͬƣʻ֮ԣܹϵ
the ancient alliance between mathematics and music.
ѧ֮Ĺϵϵ
The act of becoming allied or the condition of being allied:
ˣ˵Ϊ״̬
the church, acting in alliance with community groups.
̻͹ͳһж
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French aliance 
Դ ŷ aliance 
from alier [to ally] * see  ally 
Դ alier [] *μ ally
?
Alliance
Al.li.ance
AHD:[-lons] 
D.J.[*6la!*ns]
K.K.[*6la!*ns]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of northeast Ohio southwest of Youngstown. It was settled by Quakers in 1805. Population, 23,376.
˹ݶһУλ˹ϲ1805ɽͽӴ˵أ˿23,376

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ally
al.ly
AHD:[-lo, 2lo] 
D.J.[*6la!, 6#la!]
K.K.[*6la!, 6#la!]
v.ʣ
al.lied,al.ly.ing,al.lies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in a friendly association, as by treaty:
ˣͬˣͨԼѺõˣ
Italy allied itself with Germany during World War II.
ڵڶսڼ͵¹ͬ˹
To unite or connect in a personal relationship, as in friendship or marriage.
ˣ˹ϵϵӣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To enter into an alliance:
ˣ
Several tribes allied to fend off the invaders.
ֿ
n.ʣ
 al.lies 
One that is allied with another, especially by treaty:
ͬߣͬ˹һҽ˵ĹңرͨԼ
entered the war as an ally of France.
Ϊ˹ս
One in helpful association with another:
֣֧ߣ
legislators who are allies on most issues.See Synonyms at partner 
ڴһµǲμ partner
Allies 
 Allies 
The nations allied against the Central Powers of Europe during World War I. They were Russia, France, Great Britain, and later many others, including the United States.
ЭԼڵһսڼŷͬ˹ԿĽ˹ңжӢаܶ
The nations, primarily Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, allied against the Axis during World War II.
ͬ˹ڵڶսڼĹĹңҪӢ
?
Middle English allien 
йӢ allien 
from Old French alier 
Դ ŷ alier 
from Latin allig3e [to bind to] * see  alloy 
Դ  allig3e [ϵ] *μ alloy

= =
allocate
al.lo.cate
AHD:[2l-k3t] 
D.J.[6#l*7ke!t]
K.K.[6#l*7ket]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
al.lo.cat.ed,al.lo.cat.ing,al.lo.cates 
To set apart for a special purpose; designate:
䣬ɣΪضĿĶָ
allocate a room to be used for storage.
ָһ䷿
To distribute according to a plan; allot:
ֲ䣺ݼƻֲ䣺
allocate rations for a week-long camping trip.
һҰӪĶ
?
Medieval Latin alloc3e  alloc3t- 
 alloc3e  alloc3t- 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺仯ӡ] 
Latin loc3e [to place]  from locus [place] 
 loc3e []  Դ locus [ص] 
?
allocable
AHD:[-k-bl] ݴʣ
allocation
n.ʣ
?
allocate,appropriate,designate,earmark
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to set aside for a specified purpose: 
Щʹе˼ǡֳضĿġ 
allocated time for recreation;
ֵʱ䣻
appropriated funds for public education;
Ϊʽ
designated a location for the new hospital;
ָص㽨ҽԺ
money earmarked for a vacation. See also Synonyms at  assign 
רڶȼٵķ μͬ assign

= =
allow
al.low
AHD:[-lou] 
D.J.[*6la&]
K.K.[*6la&]
v.ʣ
al.lowed,al.low.ing,al.lows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To let do or happen; permit:
׼׼
We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
ָֻĵص
To permit the presence of:
Ľ룺
No pets are allowed inside.
ﲻ׼
To permit to have:
ӵУ
allow oneself a little treat.
ԼСС
To make provision for; assign:
Ϊ䣺
The schedule allows time for a coffee break.
ʱ˺ȿȵϢʱ
To plan for in case of need:
Ԥ׼һҪʱƻ
allow two inches in the fabric for shrinkage.
֯ԤӢˮ
To grant as a discount or in exchange:
ͬۿۣͬ⽻
allowed me 20 dollars on my old word processor.
ҵľִɴʮԪۿ
Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. 
ϲ 
To admit, grant:
ϣͬ⣺
I allowed as how he was right.
ҳǶԵ
To suppose:
룺
We allow he's straight(American Speech)
ǲ̹ʵġ()
To assert:
Ϊ϶
Mother allowed that we'd better come in for dinner.
ΪǽݳԷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To offer a possibility; admit:
ṩԣܣ
The poem allows of several interpretations.
ʫкüֽ
To take a possibility into account; make allowance:
ǣ˼ǵĳֿԣǵ͹£
In calculating profit, retailers must allow for breakage and spoilage.
ʱǱ뿼ǵ
?
Middle English allouen [to approve, permit] 
йӢ allouen [ͬ⣬] 
from Old French allouer 
Դ ŷ allouer 
from Latin allaud3e [to praise]  ad- [intensive pref] * see  ad-  laud3e [to praise] * see  laud 
Դ  allaud3e []  ad- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ad- laud3e [] *μ laud
and from Medieval Latin alloc3e [to assign] * see  allocate 
Դ  alloc3e [] *μ allocate
?
allowable
adj.ݴʣ
allowably
adv.ʣ

= =
allowance
al.low.ance
AHD:[-louns] 
D.J.[*6la&*ns]
K.K.[*6la&*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of allowing.
׼Ϊ
An amount that is allowed or granted:
޶
finished my weekly allowance of two eggs.
ÿĶ
Something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a specific purpose:
ǮڶڵļΪضĿĶĳǮ
a travel allowance that covers hotel and restaurant bills.
ʳ޷õв
A price reduction, especially one granted in exchange for used merchandise:
ۿۣۼָۣԾɻ½еۼۣ
The dealer gave us an allowance on our old car.
̸ǵľɳۿ
A consideration for possibilities or modifying circumstances:
ǣƣĳЩԻɸıĿǣ
an allowance for breakage; made allowances for rush-hour traffic in estimating travel time.
ǵʱʱǵʱ佻ͨ
An allowed difference in dimension of closely mating machine parts.
ݲĹݲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
al.low.anced,al.low.anc.ing,al.low.anc.es 
To put on a fixed allowance:
̶ã
cut expenses by strictly allowancing the sales representatives.
ͨϸƷ۴Ĺ̶֧
To dispense in fixed quantities; ration.
ӦԹ̶䣻

= =
alloy
al.loy
AHD:[2loi, -loi] 
D.J.[6#l7%!, *6l%!]
K.K.[6#l7%!, *6l%!]
n.ʣ
A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals, the atoms of one replacing or occupying interstitial positions between the atoms of the other:
ϽֻֽľһҺһֽԭӴռһֽԭӼļ϶λã
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
ͭͭпĺϽ
A mixture; an amalgam:
ϳƷ
Television news has . . . always been an alloy of journalism and show business(Bill Moyers)
šһֱźͱݵĽ塱(ȶĪҮ˹)
The relative degree of mixture with a base metal; fineness.
ɫȣͻԻϳ̶ȣ
Something added that lowers value or purity.
ʣʹԭｵͳɫȵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
al.loyed,al.loy.ing,al.loys[-loi, 2loi]  
To combine (metals) to form an alloy.
ɺϽ𣺽ֽɺϽ
To combine; mix:
ںϣϣ
idealism that was alloyed with political skill.

To debase by the addition of an inferior element.
ͳɫͨӽӳɷʹͳɫ
?
Alteration  influenced by French aloi 
    aloiӰ 
of obsolete allay 
  allayı仯 
from Middle English alay 
Դ йӢ alay 
from Old North French allai 
Դ ŷ allai 
from allayer [to alloy] 
Դ allayer [ɺϽ] 
from Latin allig3e [to bind] 
Դ  allig3e [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
lig3e [to bind] * see  leig- 
lig3e [] *μ leig- 

= =
almost
al.most
AHD:[?lm?st, ?l-m?st] 
D.J.[6%8l7m*&st, %8l6m*&st]
K.K.[6%l7most, %l6most]
adv.ʣ
Slightly short of; not quite; nearly:
һأࣺ
almost time to go; almost asleep; almost finished.See Usage Note at none 
ˣ˯ˣ˲μ none
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ealm?t 
Դ Ӣ ealm?t 
eall [all] * see  all 
eall [] *μ all
m?t [most] * see  most 
m?t [󲿷] *μ most

= =
alone
a.lone
AHD:[-l?n] 
D.J.[*6l*&n]
K.K.[*6lon]
adj.ݴʣ
Being apart from others; solitary.
뿪˵ģ¶
Being without anyone or anything else; only.
ģûκ˻κģֻ
Considered separately from all others of the same class.
ڲͬģͬǵ
Being without equal; unique.
ɱȵģص
adv.ʣ
Without others:
أ
sang alone while the choir listened.
ʱʫ
Without help:
أ
carried the suitcases alone.

Exclusively; only:
һ޶أΨһأ
The burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone.
Ψм췽о֤
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
al [all] * see  all 
al [] *μ all
one [one] * see  one 
one [һ] *μ one
?
aloneness
n.ʣ
?
alone,lonely,lonesome,solitary
These adjectives are compared as they describe lack of companionship.
Щݴڱʾȱٻ˼ʱɽбȽϡ
 Alone   emphasizes being apart from others but does not necessarily imply unhappiness: 
 Alone  ǿһ𵫲ζ֣ 
I am never less alone, than when I am alone  (James Howell).
 ҴԼʱ¶ ղķ˹
 Lonely   often connotes painful awareness of being alone: 
 Lonely  ָʹʶԼһˣ 
No doubt they are dead, she thought, and felt . . . sadder and . . . lonelier for the thought  (Ouida).
 ǶˣԽԽеĺ͹µ ά
 Lonesome   emphasizes a plaintive desire for companionship: 
 Lonesome  ǿһ˸еĶԻĿ 
You must keep up your spirits, mother, and not be lonesome because I'm not at home  (Charles Dickens).
 һҪ裬ҪΪҲڼҾ͸еµ ˹Ҹ˹
 Solitary   often shares the connotations oflonely  and lonesome: 
 Solitary  lonely  lonesomeʵ˼ 
Only solitary men know the full joys of friendship  (Willa Cather).Frequently, however, it stresses physical isolation that is self-imposed: 
 ֻй¶˲֪ȫ֡ ɪȻͨǿԼǿӵĸ״̬ 
She thoroughly enjoyed her solitary dinner. 
ǳϲԳԵǶٷ 

= =
along
a.long
AHD:[-l?ng, -l?ng] 
D.J.[*6l%80, *6lK0]
K.K.[*6l%0, *6l$0]
prep.ʣ
Over the length of:
˳ţ
walked along the path.
˳С·
On a line or course parallel and close to; continuously beside:
ݳأƽеأһƽ߻·ģ
rowed along the shore; the trees along the avenue.
Űؽֵľ
In accordance with:
ݣ
The committee split along party lines over the issue.
ڸԼԼ·ߣίԱϲ
adv.ʣ
Forward; onward:
ǰǰ
We drove along, admiring the view. Farther along, we passed a hitchhiker.
һ߿һ߹ͷ羰ǰԶǾһҪ㳵
As a companion:
Ϊ飺
Bring your friend along.
һ
In accompaniment or association; together:
飬أһ
packed an atlas along with other books.See Usage Note at together 
ѵͼһμ together
With one; at hand:
ֱߣ
Luckily, I had my camera along. Our guests should be along soon.
ˣǵĿϾ͵
Informal Advanced to some degree:
ʽ ൱̶ȣ
getting along in years.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English andlang [extending opposite] 
Դ Ӣ andlang [򷴷] 
and- [facing] * see  ant- 
and- [] *μ ant- 
lang [long] * see  long 1
lang [] *μ long1

= =
alongside
a.long.side
AHD:[-l?ngsod, -l?ng-] 
D.J.[*6l%806sa!d, *6lK0-]
K.K.[*6l%06sa!d, *6l$0-]
adv.ʣ
Along, near, at, or to the side:
ڡԱߣԣűߣ
stood with a bodyguard alongside; honked and drove up alongside.
վԱߣȺűǰ
prep.ʣ
By the side of; side by side with.
ڡԱߣ롭
?
In its prepositional usealongside  may optionally be accompanied by of: The barge lay alongside, or alongside of, the pier.  
ڽ÷alongside ѡԵظ of ͣԱ߻ ͷԱ  

= =
aloud
a.loud
AHD:[-loud] 
D.J.[*6la&d]
K.K.[*6la&d]
adv.ʣ
With use of the voice; orally:
أͷأ
Read this passage aloud.
ʶƪ
In a loud tone; loudly:
أأ
crying aloud for help.


= =
alphabet
al.pha.bet
AHD:[2lf-bt, -b1t] 
D.J.[6#lf*7bet, -b!t]
K.K.[6#lf*7bWt, -b!t]
n.ʣ
The letters of a language, arranged in the order fixed by custom.
ĸһԵȫĸ̶ϰ˳
A system of characters or symbols representing sounds or things.
ϵͳԱʾַϵͳ
The basic or elementary principles; rudiments.
ԭ򣻻ԭ
?
Middle English alphabete 
йӢ alphabete 
from Latin alphab?m 
Դ  alphab?m 
from Greek alphab?s 
Դ ϣ alphab?s 
alpha [alpha] * see  alpha 
alpha [ϣһĸ] *μ alpha
b?a [beta] * see  beta 
b?a [ϣڶĸ] *μ beta

= =
already
al.read.y
AHD:[?l-rd?] 
D.J.[%8l6redi8]
K.K.[%l6rWdi]
adv.ʣ
By this or a specified time; before:
ѣѾΪֹĳһصΪֹǰ
The children were already asleep when we got home.
ǵʱѾ˯
So soon:
֮죺
Are you quitting already?
ôʹְ?
Non-Standard Used as an intensive:
Ǳ׼ ϣͣǿʣ
Be quiet already. Enough already.
Щ
?
Middle English alredi 
йӢ alredi 
al [all] * see  all 
al [ȫ] *μ all
redi [ready] * see  ready 
redi [׼˵] *μ ready

= =
alter
al.ter
AHD:[?ltr] 
D.J.[6%8lt*]
K.K.[6%lt+]
v.ʣ
al.tered,al.ter.ing,al.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change or make different; modify:
ģıʹ֮ͬΣ
altered my will.
޸ҵ
To adjust (a garment) for a better fit.
޸·ģװʹ֮Ϊ
To castrate or spay (an animal, such as a cat or a dog).
˸гè򹷣ѳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change or become different.
ı䣬
?
Middle English alteren 
йӢ alteren 
from Old French alterer 
Դ ŷ alterer 
from Medieval Latin alter3e 
Դ  alter3e 
from Latin alter [other] * see  al- 1
Դ  alter [] *μ al- 1
?
Alter
Al.ter
AHD:[?ltr, ?l-] David (1807-1881) 
D.J.[6%8lt*, 6Kl-]
K.K.[6%lt+, 6$l-]
NONE޴ԣ
American physicist, physician, and inventor noted for his work in spectroscopy.
ضά(1807-1881) ѧҡҽңڹѧĹ

= =
alternate
al.ter.nate
AHD:[?ltr-n3t, 2l-] 
D.J.[6%8lt*7ne!t, 6#l-]
K.K.[6%lt+7net, 6#l-]
v.ʣ
al.ter.nat.ed,al.ter.nat.ing,al.ter.nates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To occur in successive turns:
Σ
showers alternating with sunshine.
ʱʱ
To pass back and forth from one state, action, or place to another:
棬һ״̬жطһ״̬жط
alternated between happiness and depression.
ʱ֣ʱɥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To do or execute by turns.

To cause to follow in turns; interchange regularly.
ʹ棻йɵ滻
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-n1t] 
Happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously:
ģ淢ģ˳棻˴棺
alternate seasons of the year.See Usage Note at alternative 
һļμ alternative
Designating or relating to every other one of a series:
ģһϵÿһйصģ
alternate lines.

Serving or used in place of another; substitute:
ȡģ滻ģ
an alternate plan.
滻ļƻ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Arranged singly at each node, as leaves or buds on a stem.
ģϵҶڽڴֵ
Arranged regularly between other parts, as stamens between petals.
йŵģּйɵеģ绨
n.ʣ
AHD:[-n1t] д alt.
A person acting in the place of another; a substitute.
ˣߣ
An alternative.
ѡ
?
Latin altern3e  altern3t- 
 altern3e  altern3t- 
from alternus [by turns] 
Դ alternus [] 
from alter [other] * see  al- 1
Դ alter [] *μ al- 1
?
alternately
adv.ʣ
alternateness
n.ʣ

= =
alternative
al.ter.na.tive
AHD:[?l-t?rn-t1v, 2l-] 
D.J.[%8l6tT8n*t!v, #l-]
K.K.[%l6tPn*t!v, #l-]
n.ʣ
The choice between two mutually exclusive possibilities.
һ񣺶ųĿѡ
A situation presenting such a choice.
ѡѡ
Either of these possibilities.See Synonyms at choice 
һѡЩеһֲμ choice
Usage Problem One of a number of things from which one must be chosen.
÷ѡ ѡһ鹩ѡбѡһ
adj.ݴʣ
Allowing or necessitating a choice between two or more things.
ѡһģѡ
Existing outside traditional or established institutions or systems:
Եģڴͳִϵͳģ
an alternative lifestyle.
һֳԽŽʽ
Espousing or reflecting values that are different from those of the establishment:
ģֻ֧ӳͳļֵ۵ģ
an alternative newspaper; alternative greeting cards.
һݹ۵ıֽӱĺؿ
?
alternatively
adv.ʣ
?
Some traditionalists hold thatalternative  should be used only in situations where the number of choices involved is exactly two, because of the word's historical relation to Latinalter,  
the other of two. H.W. Fowler, among others, has considered this restriction a fetish.The Usage Panel is evenly divided on the issue, with 49 percent accepting the sentenceOf the 
three alternatives, the first is the least distasteful.   Alternative  is also sometimes used to refer to a variant or substitute in cases where there is no element of choice involved, as 
inWe will do our best to secure alternative employment for employees displaced by the closing of the factory.   This sentence is unacceptable to 60 percent of the Usage Panel. 
Alternative  should not be confused with alternate.   Correct usage requiresThe class will meet on alternate  (not alternative ) Tuesdays.  
Щִͳ۵Ϊalternative ֻϸڶһ£ ΪԴalter ˼ǡеһ H.W.յΪһ
š÷רСг˸ռһ룬49˶仰ѡУһġ   Alternative ûйѡĳɷִڣʱҲָһ
滻 ǽȫ֤򹤳ն뿪λĹԱĳַʽҵ  ÷רС60˲仰Alternative ܺ alternate  ȷ÷
Ҫȫÿ  alternative  ڶ һ档 

= =
although
although Ҳ al.tho
AHD:[?l-Y?] 
D.J.[%8l6H*&]
K.K.[%l6Ho]
conj.Ӵʣ
Regardless of the fact that; even though.
ȻʹʵΣʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
al [all] * see  all 
al [] *μ all
though [though] * see  though 
though [] *μ though
?
As conjunctions,although  and though  are generally interchangeable: Although  (or though ) she smiled, she was angry. Although is usually placed at the beginning of its clause (as in 
the preceding example), whereasthough  may occur elsewhere and is the more common term when used to link words or phrases, as inwiser though poorer,  or in constructions such as 
Fond though  (not although ) I am of opera, I'd rather not sit through the  Ring cycle this weekend.  
Ϊalthough  though ͨԻʹã Although  though  ΢Цţȴ AlthoughڴӾĿͷǰ䣩 though Գλ
ӴʱΪã 羡һЩȴͷ ֽṹ   although  Һϲ磬ҲԸĩһֱȵ  ɢ  

= =
altitude
al.ti.tude
AHD:[2lt1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6#lt!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6#lt!7tud, -7tjud]
n.Abbr. alt.ʣд alt.
The height of a thing above a reference level, especially above sea level or above the earth's surface.See Synonyms at elevation 
߶ȣΣĳοƽ棬رǺƽһĸ߶Ȳμ elevation
A high location or area.
ߴߵأһߵĵص
Astronomy The angular distance of a celestial object above the horizon.
ѧ ƽγȣƽĽǶȾ
The perpendicular distance from the base of a geometric figure to the opposite vertex, parallel side, or parallel surface.
ߣߣһĵױߵԵĶ㡢ƽб߻ƽĴֱ
High position or rank.
λ߼ߵλûȼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin altit??} 
Դ  altit??} 
from altus [high] * see  al- 2
Դ altus [ߵ] *μ al- 2
?
altitudinal
AHD:[-t?dn-l, -ty?d-] ݴʣ

= =
altogether
al.to.geth.er
AHD:[?lt-gYr] 
D.J.[7%8lt*6geH*]
K.K.[7%lt*6gWH+]
adv.ʣ
Entirely; completely; utterly:
ȫȫȻȫأ
lost the TV picture altogether; an altogether new approach.
ӻȫʧˣһȫµķ
With all included or counted; all told:
ܹȫȥһ
There were altogether 20 people at the dinner.
Էܹжʮλ
On the whole; with everything considered:
֮֮֮ܶ¶ǵ
Altogether, I'm sorry it happened.
֮Ҷ±ʾǸ
n.ʣ
A state of nudity. Often used withthe : 
״̬the һʹã 
in the altogether.
壬һ˿
?
Middle English al togeder 
йӢ al togeder 
al [all] * see  all 
al [ȫ] *μ all
togeder [together] * see  together 
togeder [һ] *μ together
?
Altogether  should be distinguished from all together.  All together is used of a group to indicate that its members performed or underwent an action collectively:  
Altogether Ӧú alltogether AlltogetherָһȺˣԱлһж  
The nations stood all together.
Щ
The prisoners were herded all together.
Ǳϵһ
All together can be used only if it is possible to rephrase the sentence so thatall  and together  may be separated by other words:  
All togetherֻ¸Ķʱſʹã all  together Աʸ  
The books lay all together in a heap.
Щ鶼ѳһѡ
All the books lay together in a heap.
е鶼һ
Altogether should be used only when the sense could be expressed by entirely  or completely.  
Altogetherֻ entirely  completelyʱſԱʹá  

= =
aluminium
al.u.min.i.um
AHD:[2ly-m1n?-m] 
D.J.[7#lj*6m!ni8*m]
K.K.[7#lj*6m!ni*m]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of aluminum 
 aluminumı

= =
always
al.ways
AHD:[?lw3z, -w1z, -w?z] 
D.J.[6%8lwe!z, -w!z, -wi8z]
K.K.[6%lwez, -w!z, -wiz]
adv.ʣ
At all times; invariably:
ǣأ
always late.
ǳٵ
For all time; forever:
ʼգԶ
They will always be friends.
ǽԶ
At any time; in any event:
κʱκ£
You can always resign if you're unhappy.
˵Ļκʱ򶼿Դְ
?
Middle English alweis 
йӢ alweis 
alwei [always]  from Old English ealne weg  ealne [accusative of] eall [all] * see  all  weg [way] * see  wegh- 
alwei []  Դ Ӣ ealne weg  ealne  [] eallı [ȫ] *μ all weg [] *μ wegh- 
-es [adv. suff.] * see  -s 3
-es [ʺ׺] *μ -s3

= =
amateur
am.a.teur
AHD:[2m-t?r, -tr, --ch?r, -chr, -ty?r] 
D.J.[6#m*7tT8, -t*, -*7t.&*, -t.*, -7tj&*]
K.K.[6#m*7tP, -t+, -*7t.&r, -t.+, -7tj&r]
n.ʣ
Abbr. a.,A.A person who engages in an art, a science, a study, or an athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession.
д a.,A.ҵమߣѧо˶ΪǲΪְҵ
Abbr. a.,A.Sports An athlete who has never participated in competition for money.
д a.,A.˶ ҵ˶ԱӲμӮԾ˶Ա
One lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art.
Уȱְҵˣһ
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. a.,A.Of, relating to, or performed by an amateur.
д a.,A.ҵమߵģҵమߵģػ
Abbr. a.,A.Made up of amateurs.
д a.,A.Ʊѵģҵమɵ
Not professional; unskillful.
еģѵ
?
French 
 
from Latin am3r [lover] 
Դ  am3r [] 
from am3e [to love] 
Դ am3e [Ȱ] 
?
amateurism
n.ʣ
?
amateur,dabbler,dilettante,tyro
The central meaning shared by these nouns is one engaging in a pursuit but lacking professional skill: 
Ще˼ǡ׷ȱְҵɵˡ 
a musician who is a gifted amateur, not a professional;
һ츳ҵּңרҵּҵģ
a dabbler in the graphic arts;
ƽߣ
a sculptor but a mere dilettante;
ֻǸҵమߵĵʦ
a tyro in the art of writing poetry. professional 
ʫ贴ĳѧ professional
?
When Mrs. T.W. Atkinson remarked in her 1863Recollections of the Tartar Steppes and their Inhabitants,  I am no amateur of these melons, she usedamateur  in a sense unfamiliar 
to us. That sense, a lover, an admirer, is, however, clearly descended from the senses of the word's ultimate Latin source,am3,  lover, devoted friend, devotee, enthusiastic 
pursuer of an objective, and from its immediate Latin-derived French source,amateur,  with a similar range of meanings. First recorded in English in 1784 with the sense in which Mrs. 
Atkinson used it,amateur  is found in 1786 with a meaning more familiar to us, a person who engages in an art, for example, as a pastime rather than as a profession, a sense that 
had already developed in French.Given the limitations of doing something as an amateur,it is not surprising that the word is soon after recorded in the disparaging sensewe still use to 
refer to someone who lacks professional skill or ease in performance.
T.W.ؽɭ1863ʷ̹պ¼ ᵽҲϲЩϹʱ ʹõamateur Ϥһ˼ ֡ߣϲ
ߣ˼ȻԴamator, ˼ǡˣʵѣߣĳĿ׷ߡ ֱķԴamateur, Ƶ˼
 1784¼Ӣгֵǰؽɭʹõ˼1786ֵamateur ǸΪϤ˼  һΪһǲһְҵ
ˣĴѷչ˼˼޶Ϊҵˣʱ¼󲻾þ˱庬⣬ҲͲΪˣָڱȱרҵɻ
ȱӦֵĸо

= =
amaze
a.maze
AHD:[-m3z] 
D.J.[*6me!z]
K.K.[*6mez]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.mazed,a.maz.ing,a.maz.es 
To affect with great wonder; astonish.See Synonyms at surprise See Regional Note at possum 
ʹΪ棻ʹ죺еǳ棻Ծμ surpriseμ possum
Obsolete To bewilder; perplex.
 ʹԻʹ
n.ʣ
Amazement; wonder.
Ծ
?
From Middle English masen [to bewilder,] 
Դ йӢ masen [ʹԻ] 
and from amased [bewildered]  from Old English 3d 
Դ amased [Ի]  Դ Ӣ 3d 
both from Old English 3n [to bewilder] 
Դ Ӣ 3n [ʹԻ] 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿǰ׺] 
*masian [to confuse] 
*masian [ʹ] 
?
amazedly
AHD:[-m3z1d-l?] ʣ
amazedness
n.ʣ

= =
ambassador
am.bas.sa.dor
AHD:[2m-b2s-dr, -d?r] 
D.J.[#m6b#s*d*, -7d%8]
K.K.[#m6b#s*d+, -7d%r]
n.ʣ
A diplomatic official of the highest rank appointed and accredited as representative in residence by one government or sovereign to another, usually for a specific length of time.
ʹ߼⽻٣ΪһפһĴͨй̶
A diplomatic official heading his or her country's permanent mission to certain international organizations, such as the United Nations.
ʹţţԼҵĳפʹŵĳһ֯Ϲ⽻Ա
An authorized messenger or representative.
ȨʹڣȨ
An unofficial representative:
ǹٷ
ambassadors of good will.
Ѻʹ
?
Middle English ambassadour 
йӢ ambassadour 
from Old French ambassadeur 
Դ ŷ ambassadeur 
from Medieval Latin ambactia [mission] 
Դ  ambactia [ʹ] 
from Latin ambactus [servant] 
Դ  ambactus [] 
[ultimately of Celtic origin] * see  ag- 
[Դڿ] *μ ag- 
?
ambassadorial
AHD:[-d?r?-l, -d?r-] ݴʣ
ambassadorship
n.ʣ

= =
ambition
am.bi.tion
AHD:[2m-b1shn] 
D.J.[#m6b!.*n]
K.K.[#m6b!.*n]
n.ʣ
An eager or strong desire to achieve something, such as fame or power.
ҰģͼģȨǿҵ
The object or goal desired:
ģʵֵĿĻĿ꣺
Her ambition is the presidency.
ıǳΪһͳ
Desire for exertion or activity; energy:
ͷлжԸ
had no ambition to go dancing.
ûоȥ
?
Middle English ambicioun [excessive desire for honor, power, or wealth] 
йӢ ambicioun [ȨƲĹԸ] 
from Old French ambition 
Դ ŷ ambition 
from Latin ambiti?}  ambiti?n- 
Դ  ambiti?}  ambiti?n- 
from ambitus [past participle of] ambore [to go around (for votes)] * see  ambient 
Դ ambitus  [] amboreĹȥִ [ΪӮѡƱĴ˵] *μ ambient

= =
ambitious
am.bi.tious
AHD:[2m-b1shs] 
D.J.[#m6b!.*s]
K.K.[#m6b!.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Full of, characterized by, or motivated by ambition.
ҰĲģġҰĵģԴΪصĻʹ
Greatly desirous; eager:
ģģ
I am not ambitious of ridicule(Edmund Burke)
Ҳ˳Ū(ɡ)
Requiring or showing much effort; challenging:
ѾģҪߵģҪܶŬģսԵģ
an ambitious schedule.
һ޵ļƻ
?
ambitiously
adv.ʣ
ambitiousness
n.ʣ

= =
ambulance
am.bu.lance
AHD:[2mby-lns] 
D.J.[6#mbj*l*ns]
K.K.[6#mbj*l*ns]
n.ʣ
A specially equipped vehicle used to transport the sick or injured.
ȻװĳͲ˻Ա
?
French 
 
from (h?pital) ambulant [mobile (hospital)] 
Դ (h?pital) ambulant [ҽԺ] 
from Latin ambul3s  ambulant- [present participle of] ambul3re [to walk] 
Դ  ambul3s  ambulant-  [] ambul3reڷִ [] 

= =
amend
a.mend
AHD:[-mnd] 
D.J.[*6mend]
K.K.[*6mWnd]
v.ʣ
a.mend.ed,a.mend.ing,a.mends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change for the better; improve:
ĺãƣ
amended the earlier proposal so as to make it more comprehensive.
޸Ľʹ֮ݸȫ
To remove the faults or errors in; correct.See Synonyms at correct 
ȱ󣻾μ correct
To alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing.
޶ͨӡɾ´ʽ޸ģһʩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To better one's conduct; reform.
Ĺ£Ľĳ˵Ϊĸ
?
Middle English amenden 
йӢ amenden 
from Old French amender 
Դ ŷ amender 
from Latin ?3re} 
Դ  ?3re} 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ڡ֮⡱] 
mendum [fault] 
mendum [] 

= =
amends
a.mends
AHD:[-mndz] 
D.J.[*6mendz]
K.K.[*6mWndz]
pl.n.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Recompense for grievance or injury:
⳥˺⳥
The new law offers no amends to victims of crime. I assured them that no amends are necessary. You must make amends to them for the insult.See Synonyms at reparation 
µķɲԷܺ߸⳥ʹȷûбҪ⳥ΪǸμ reparation
?
Middle English amendes 
йӢ amendes 
from Old French [pl. of] amende [reparation] 
Դ ŷ  [] amendeĸ [⳥] 
from amender [to amend] * see  amend 
Դ amender [Ľ] *μ amend

= =
among
a.mong
AHD:[-m?ng]  Ҳ a.mongst [-m?ngst] 
D.J.[*6mJ0] Ҳ a.mongst [*6mJ0st]
K.K.[*6mJ0] Ҳ a.mongst [*6mJ0st]
prep.ʣ
In the midst of; surrounded by:
ڡУڡм䣻ƣ
a pine tree among cedars.
ѩмһ
In the group, number, or class of:
ڡһУһ顢һȺһײеģ
She is among the wealthy.
ǸǮ
In the company of; in association with:
롭һ롭ϣ
traveling among a group of tourists.
һȺ۹һ
By many or the entire number of; with many:
Ϊ֮УԡеĶȫԱۣࣺ
a custom popular among the Greeks.
ϣ֮ʢеķ
By the joint action of:
ͬϣͨж
Among us, we will finish the job.
ǹͬ
With portions to each of:
䣺ڡ֣֮
Distribute this among you.
ָ
Each with the other:
֮࣬䣺
Don't fight among yourselves.See Usage Note at between 
ǲҪɱμ between
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 3g 
Դ Ӣ 3g 3} [in] * see  a- 23} [ڡ֮] *μ a-2
gemang [throng] * see  mag- 
gemang [Ⱥ] *μ mag- 

= =
amount
a.mount
AHD:[-mount] 
D.J.[*6ma&nt]
K.K.[*6ma&nt]
n.Abbr. amt.ʣд amt.
The total of two or more quantities; the aggregate.
ϼƣܶܺͣϼ
A number; a sum.
֣
A principal plus its interest, as in a loan.
֮ͣıϢ
The full effect or meaning; import.
ȫЧȫ壻Ҫ
Quantity:

a great amount of intelligence.
ǳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
a.mount.ed,a.mount.ing,a.mounts 
To add up in number or quantity:
ܹϼƣֻһ
The purchases amounted to 50 dollars.
ܹ50Ԫ
To add up in import or effect:
ͬӽҪԻЧ൱ڣ
That plan will never amount to anything.
Ǹƻ޹ؽҪ
To be equivalent or tantamount:
ڣͬ
accusations that amount to an indictment.
ͬߵĿظ
?
From Middle English amounten [to ascend] 
Դ йӢ amounten [] 
from Old French amonter 
Դ ŷ amonter 
from amont [upward] 
Դ amont [] 
from Latin ad montem [to the hill] 
Դ  ad montem [ɽ] 
ad [to] * see  ad- 
ad [] *μ ad- 
m?s  mont- [hill] * see  men- 2
m?s  mont- [ɽ] *μ men- 2

= =
ampere
am.pere
AHD:[2mp?r] 
D.J.[6#m7p!*]
K.K.[6#m7p!r]
n.Abbr. Aʣд A
A unit of electric current in the meter-kilogram-second system. It is the steady current that when flowing in straight parallel wires of infinite length and negligible cross section, separated 
by a distance of one meter in free space, produces a force between the wires of 2  10-7 newtons per meter of length. 
ࣺףǧˣ뵥λеĵλ޳Һ漫Сֱƽеƽȵɿռбһ׳ľڵмɲÿ210-7ţ 
A unit in the International System specified as one International coulomb per second and equal to 0.999835 ampere.See table at measurement 
ࣺһֹϵͳλָÿһʱ׼صĵ൱0.999835μ measurement
?
After  Andr Marie Ampre 
Դ  ³ Ampre

= =
ample
am.ple
AHD:[2mpl] 
D.J.[6#mp*l]
K.K.[6#mp*l]
adj.ݴʣ
am.pler,am.plest 
Of large or great size, amount, extent, or capacity:
ģߴ硢Χܴģ
an ample living room.See Synonyms at spacious 
Ҳμ spacious
Large in degree, kind, or quantity:
ģ̶ȡܴģ
an ample reward.
źı
More than enough:
ģ´ģ
ample evidence.
´֤
Fully sufficient to meet a need or purpose:
㹻ģ㹻ҪﵽĿĵģ
had ample food for the party.See Synonyms at plentiful 
㹻ʳƷμ plentiful
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin amplus 
Դ  amplus 
?
ampleness
n.ʣ
amply
AHD:[-pl?] ʣ

= =
amplify
am.pli.fy
AHD:[2mpl-fo] 
D.J.[6#mpl*7fa!]
K.K.[6#mpl*7fa!]
v.ʣ
am.pli.fied,am.pli.fy.ing,am.pli.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make larger or more powerful; increase.
Ŵǿʹǿ
To add to, as by illustrations; make complete.
˵ʹ֮
To exaggerate.
ţ
To produce amplification of:
ǿŴ
amplify an electrical signal.
ǿź
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To write or discourse at length; expatiate:
꣬ӣϸд˵ϸͣ
Let me amplify so that you will understand the overall problem.
ϸһ£ͻ
?
Middle English amplifien 
йӢ amplifien 
from Old French amplifier 
Դ ŷ amplifier 
from Latin amplific3e 
Դ  amplific3e 
amplus [large] 
amplus [] 
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [ʺ׺-fy] 

= =
amuse
a.muse
AHD:[-my?z] 
D.J.[*6mju8z]
K.K.[*6mjuz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.mused,a.mus.ing,a.mus.es 
To occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion.
֣ǲ졢ֵֻķʽռ
To cause to laugh or smile by giving pleasure.
֣ЦֶͨʹЦ΢Ц
Archaic To delude or deceive.
 ƭƭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French amuser [to stupefy] 
Դ ŷ amuser [ʹĿɿڴ] 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
muser [to stare stupidly] * see  muse 
muser [ض] *μ muse
?
amusable
adj.ݴʣ
amuser
n.ʣ
?
amuse,entertain,divert,regale
These verbs refer to actions that provide pleasure, especially as a means of passing time.
ЩָṩֵΪرΪǲķʽ
 Amuse,   the least specific, implies directing the attention away from serious matters: 
 Amuse  ͳָעҪתƿ 
I amused myself with a game of solitaire.
浥ֽϷʹԼɡ
Entertain   suggests acts undertaken to furnish amusement: 
Entertain  ָĳֻӿ֣ 
They [timetables and catalogs] are much more entertaining than half the novels that are written   (W. Somerset Maugham).
  ȴİС˵ʹ˵õ֡  Ĭëķ
 Divert   implies distraction from worrisome thought or care: 
 Divert  ָעӷ˵תƿ 
I had neither Friends or Books to divert me  (Richard Steele). To
 ҼûҲû鼮ҷġ ¡˹
 regale   is to entertain with something enormously enjoyable: 
 regale  ÷ǳȤǲ 
He loved to regale his friends with tales about the many memorable characters he had known as a newspaperman  (David Rosenzweig).
 ϲЩʱʶ˵Ĺ¸ǲ ɭ˹ά

= =
analogy
a.nal.o.gy
AHD:[-n2l-j?] 
D.J.[*6n#l*d9i8]
K.K.[*6n#l*d9i]
n.ʣ
 a.nal.o.gies д anal.
Similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar.
ƣƣͬĳЩе
A comparison based on such similarity.See Synonyms at likeness 
⣬ȣԵıȽϲμ likeness
Biology Correspondence in function or position between organs of dissimilar evolutionary origin or structure.
ѧ ͬͬݻԴṹƵĹܻλ
A form of logical inference or an instance of it, based on the assumption that if two things are known to be alike in some respects, then they must be alike in other respects.
ȣһ߼ʽһӣļ裬֪ĳЩƵģôҲһƵ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The process by which words and morphemes are re-formed or created on the model of existing grammatical patterns in a language, as Modern Englishname : names  for Old English 
nama : naman  on the model of nouns like stone : stones.  
ƣһԵĵʺԵִ﷨ģʽϸı乹ɻִӢnamenames ˹Ӣ namanaman  stonestones ģʽϲ
 
The process by which inflectional paradigms are made more regular by the replacement of an uncommon or irregular stem or affix by one that is common or regular, asbit  in Modern 
English bit, bitten  for Old English b3.  
ãڳĴʸɻǰ׺治ͲĴʸɻǰ׺ʹʵıλḶ́bit ִӢıλ bitbitten ڹӢ batbiten  
?
Middle English analogie 
йӢ analogie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin analogia 
Դ  analogia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from analogos [proportionate] * see  analogous 
Դ analogos [ɱ] *μ analogous

= =
analyse
an.a.lyse
AHD:[2n-loz] 
D.J.[6#n*7la!z]
K.K.[6#n*7la!z]
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of analyze 
Variant of analyze

= =
analysis
a.nal.y.sis
AHD:[-n2l1-s1s] 
D.J.[*6n#l!s!s]
K.K.[*6n#l!s!s]
n.ʣ
 a.nal.y.ses[-s?z]  д anal.
The separation of an intellectual or substantial whole into its constituent parts for individual study.
ֽ⣺֪ʶΪɲֽио
Chemistry 
ѧ 
The separation of a substance into its constituent elements to determine either their nature (qualitative analysis) or their proportions (quantitative analysis).
ʷΪɳɷȷǵʣԷ
The stated findings of such a separation or determination.
棺ַȷĽĳ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A branch of mathematics principally involving differential and integral calculus, sequences, and series and concerned with limits and convergence.
ѧһ֧Ҫ΢ֺ֡Уڼ޺
The method of proof in which a known truth is sought as a consequence of a series of deductions from that which is the thing to be proved.
һ֤֪ʵΪ֤һϵ̵Ľ
Linguistics The use of function words such as prepositions, pronouns, or auxiliary verbs instead of inflectional endings to express a grammatical relationship; for example,the cover of 
the dictionary  instead of the dictionary's cover.  
ѧ ﷨ʾһ﷨ϵʱʹýʣʻʵȹܴʶ仯βʹthe cover of the dictionary  the dictionary's cover  
Psychoanalysis.

Systems analysis.
ϵͳ
?
Medieval Latin 
 
from Greek analusis [a dissolving] 
Դ ϣ analusis [ܽ⣬] 
from analuein [to undo] 
Դ analuein [⿪] 
ana- [throughout] * see  ana- 
ana- [鼰ȫ] *μ ana-
luein [to loosen] * see  leu- 
luein [ɿ] *μ leu- 

= =
analytic
an.a.lyt.ic
AHD:[2n-l1t1k]   an.a.lyt.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[7#n*6l!t!k]  an.a.lyt.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[7#n*6l!t!k]  an.a.lyt.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.Abbr. anal.ݴʣд anal.
Of or relating to analysis or analytics.
ģĻģйص
Dividing into elemental parts or basic principles.
ֽģֳɻֻҪص
Reasoning or acting from a perception of the parts and interrelations of a subject:
ģһɲּ֮Ĺϵִеģ
Many of the most serious pianists have turned toward more analytic playing, with a renewed focus on the architecture and ideas of music(Annalyn Swan)
ܶĸټҶתʽ࣬ǿֵĽṹں(˹)
Expert in or using analysis, especially in thinking:
ڷģ÷רң˼뷽棺
an analytic mind; an analytic approach.See Synonyms at logical 
ڷͷԣμ logical
Logic Following necessarily; tautologous:
߼ѧ Ȼصģʽģ
an analytic truth.
߼ϱȻ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Using, subjected to, or capable of being subjected to a methodology involving algebra and calculus.
ģʹãڣڰͻڵķѧ
Proving a known truth by reasoning from that which is to be proved.
ģδ֤֪
Linguistics Expressing a grammatical category by using two or more words instead of an inflected form.
ѧ ͵ģϵĴʴ۱仯﷨
Psychoanalytic.

?
Medieval Latin analts 
 analts 
from Greek analutikos 
Դ ϣ analutikos 
from analuein [to resolve] * see  analysis 
Դ analuein [] *μ analysis
?
analytically
adv.ʣ

= =
ancestor
an.ces.tor
AHD:[2nsstr] 
D.J.[6#n7sest*]
K.K.[6#n7sWst+]
n.ʣ
A person from whom one is descended, especially if more remote than a grandparent; a forebear.
ȣڣܺˣرԶ游ǰ
A forerunner or predecessor.
ǰˣ߻
Law The person from whom an estate has been inherited.
ɡ ̳ˣһˣƲɱ̳
Biology The actual or hypothetical organism or stock from which later kinds evolved.
ѧ ԭΣݻɺֵʵڵĻл
?
Middle English auncestre 
йӢ auncestre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin antecessor [predecessor] 
Դ  antecessor [] 
from antecessus [past participle of] antec?dere [to precede] 
Դ antecessus  [] antec?dereĹȥִ [ڡ֮ǰ] 
ante- [ante-] 
ante- [ǰ׺ʾڡ֮ǰ] 
c?e [to go] * see  ked- 
c?e [] *μ ked- 
?
ancestor,forebear,forefather,progenitor
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a person from whom one is descended: 
Ще˼ǡܳˡ 
ancestors who were farmers;
汲ũ
an island once owned by his forebears;
ǰռеĵ죻
methods as old as our forefathers;
汲һĳ¾ɷ
the wisdom of our progenitors. descendant 
ȵǻ descendant

= =
anchor
an.chor
AHD:[2ngkr] 
D.J.[6#0k*]
K.K.[6#0k+]
n.ʣ
Nautical A heavy object attached to a vessel by a cable or rope and cast overboard to keep the vessel in place either by its weight or by its flukes, which grip the bottom.
 êϵڴֻϵ׳ֻêˮ׶̶ס
A rigid point of support, as for securing a rope.
֧ŵ㣬ϵ
A source of security or stability.
֧ɰȫȶ֮Դ
Sports 
˶ 
An athlete, usually the strongest member of a team, who performs the last stage of a relay race or other competition.
ѹԱ˶ǿ׳˶Աڽ︺һ
The end of a tug-of-war team.Also called  anchorman 
κӱеһ˶ԱҲ  anchorman
An anchorperson.
ŽĿ
v.ʣ
an.chored,an.chor.ing,an.chors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hold fast by or as if by an anchor.See Synonyms at fasten 
ʹȶѡ̶סêƺêμ fasten
Sports To serve as an anchor for (a team or competition).
˶ ѹԱӻУ䵱ѹ˶Ա
To narrate or coordinate (a newscast).
֣ЭŹ㲥Ŀ
To provide or form an anchor store for:
λ̵꣺
Two major stores anchor each end of the shopping mall.
Ҫ̳λ̳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Nautical To drop anchor or lie at anchor.
 êͣ
?
Middle English anker, ancher 
йӢ anker, ancher 
from Old English ancor 
Դ Ӣ ancor 
from Latin ancora, anchora 
Դ  ancora, anchora 
from Greek ankura 
Դ ϣ ankura 
?
The history of the wordanchor  can be said to be a case study in various levels of sophistication. To begin with, the early history of the word illustrates the kind of borrowing done by the 
various Germanic peoples from the more advanced culture of the Roman Empire.Ancora,  the Latin source of our word anchor,  was borrowed into several Germanic languages, including 
Old English and Old High German, an indication that this appropriation occurred during the period of initial contact between Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire.If the early history 
ofanchor  illustrates borrowing from a more advanced culture by a less advanced one, a later stage in the word's history may illustrate a misplaced sophistication.The Latin wordancora  
itself came from Greek ankura  but was sometimes spelledanchora  in Latin because of a false analogy with other Greek words, in which the sound (k) was spelledch.  As far back as the 
14th century English writers who were familiar with this Latin spelling inserted thech  in the word, otherwise spelled with a k  or c,  thus causing difficulty for many a beginning speller of 
later times.
anchor ʵʷΪ̶ͬ任ķо ʵʷ˵ն۹ȽĻĽAncora Ϊ anchor һʵԴ
뼸նԣ Ӣ͹ŵ˵նͬ۹ʱñ㿪ʼˡanchor ʷʾĻȽĻĻ ʵĺ
ʷϵĴ䶯ancora ϣе ankura  ʱƴдanchora Ϊͬϣʽ˴ıȽϣ ϣзkƴдch  14
ϤƴӢǽch У ʹk  c,  ͸ѧӢߵƴд

= =
ancient
ancient 1
AHD:[3nshnt] 
D.J.[6e!n.*nt]
K.K.[6en.*nt]
adj.Abbr. anc.ݴʣд anc.
Of great age; very old.
Զģϵ
Of or relating to times long past, especially those of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (a.d.  476). See Synonyms at old 
ŴģŴĻŴйصģָ۹֮ǰʷʱڣԪ 476꣩ μ old
Old-fashioned; antiquated.
ʽģžɵ
Having the qualities associated with age, wisdom, or long use; venerable.
ߵۿģͣı򳤾ʹصƷʵģֵ𾴵
n.ʣ
A very old person.

A person who lived in times long past.
Ŵˣڹȥʱ
ancients 
 ancients 
The peoples of the classical nations of antiquity.
Ŵ
The ancient Greek and Roman authors.
ŵңϣ
?
Middle English auncien 
йӢ auncien 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *ante3s 
Դ  *ante3s 
Latin ante [before] * see  ant- 
 ante [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ ant- 
-3s [adj. and n. suff] 
-3s [ݴʺʺ׺] 
?
anciently
adv.ʣ
ancientness
n.ʣ
?
ancient
ancient 2
AHD:[3nshnt] 
D.J.[6e!n.*nt]
K.K.[6en.*nt]
n.ʣ
Archaic An ensign; a flag.
 죻
Obsolete A flag-bearer or lieutenant.
 ִߣξ
?
Alteration of ensign 
 ensignı仯

= =
and
and
AHD:[nd, n] [2nd] ضʱ 
D.J.[*nd, *n][#nd]ضʱ 
K.K.[*nd, *n][#nd]ضʱ 
conj.Ӵʣ
Together with or along with; in addition to; as well as. Used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that have the same grammatical function in a construction.
ͣ룻֣ͬҲͻ֣ͬҲӾͬ﷨ܵĵʣӾ
Added to; plus:
ϣӣ
Two and two makes four.
Ӷ
Used to indicate result.
ôʾ
Usage Problem To. Used between finite verbs, such asgo, come, try, write,  or see : 
÷ѡ ȥ޶м䣬go,come,try,write  see  
try and find it; come and see.
ȥң
Archaic If:
 
and it pleases you.
˵Ļ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  en 
Դ Ӣ *μ en 
?
It is frequently asserted that sentences beginning withand  or but  express incomplete thoughts and are therefore incorrect. But this rule was ridiculed by grammarians like Wilson 
Follett (who ascribed it to schoolmarmish rhetoric) and H.W. Fowler (who called it a superstition),and the stricture has been ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Virginia 
Woolf.Members of the Usage Panel were asked whether they paid attention to the rule in their own writing:24 percent answered always or usually, 36 percent answered 
sometimes, and 40 percent answered rarely or never.See Usage Note at both ,but ,try ,with 
ͨΪand  but ʼľӱ˼롱ǲȷġ һЩ﷨ѧŪѷأ֮ΪŰ޴ǡHWգ֮
Ϊšɯʿǵǡֶ֮Ҷ涨÷רСĳԱʵǵԼдǷҲע⵽ʱ24%˻شһֱ
һ36%˻شʱ40%˻ش𡰺ٻûСμ both,but,try,with
?
AND
AND
AHD:[2nd] 
D.J.[#nd]
K.K.[#nd]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A logic operator equivalent to the sentential connective and.
룺߼൱ھӴʡand
?
From and 
Դ and

= =
angel
an.gel
AHD:[3njl] 
D.J.[6e!nd9*l]
K.K.[6end9*l]
n.ʣ
Theology An immortal, spiritual being attendant upon God. In medieval angelology, there are nine orders of spiritual beings. From the highest to the lowest in rank, they are: seraphim, 
cherubim, thrones, dominations or diminions, virtues, powers, principalities, archangels, and angels.
ѧ ʹʹߣ̴ϵ۵Ĳľ顣͵ʹѧУʹΪŸ𣬰ȼߵǣ㰮ʹʹʹͳʹʹ
Ȩʹʹʹʹ
The conventional representation of such a being in the image of a human figure with a halo and wings.
ʹй⻷ͳλĴͳʹ
A guardian spirit or guiding influence.

A kind and lovable person.
ɰ
One who manifests goodness, purity, and selflessness.
ֳ˽
Christian Science God's thoughts passing to man.
̿ѧɡ ϵ۵ּ
Informal A financial backer of an enterprise, especially a dramatic production or a political campaign.
ʽ ˣҵˣָϷξѡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English engel 
Դ Ӣ engel 
or Old French angele 
 ŷ angele 
both from Late Latin angelus 
Դ  angelus 
from Late Greek angelos 
Դ ϣ angelos 
from Greek [messenger] 
Դ ϣ [ʹ] 
?
angelic
AHD:[2n-jl1k]   an.geli.cal ݴʣ
angelically
adv.ʣ

= =
angle
angle 1
AHD:[2nggl] 
D.J.[6#0g*l]
K.K.[6#0g*l]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
an.gled,an.gling,an.gles 
To fish with a hook and line.
㣬йߵ˵
To try to get something by using schemes, tricks, or other artful means:
ıȡȡֶΣƻթķʽıȡȡ
angle for a promotion.
ıְ
n.Obsolete ʣ 
A fishhook or fishing tackle.
㹳
?
Middle English anglen 
йӢ anglen 
from angel [fishhook] 
Դ angel [㹳] 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
angle
angle 2
AHD:[2nggl] 
D.J.[6#0g*l]
K.K.[6#0g*l]
n.ʣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The figure formed by two lines diverging from a common point.
ǣһֱͬγɵͼ
The figure formed by two planes diverging from a common line.
ƽǣһֱ߳ƽγɵͼ
The rotation required to superimpose either of two such lines or planes on the other.
λֱ߻ƽеһһת
The space between such lines or surfaces.
Ƕȣ߻ƽ֮Ŀռ
A solid angle.

A sharp or projecting corner, as of a building.
ǣͻǣһĻͻĽǣ罨ϵ
The place, position, or direction from which an object is presented to view:
ӽǣǶȣۿĵص㡢λû
a handsome building looked at from any angle.
κνǶȿƯĽ
An aspect, as of a problem, seen from a specific point of view.See Synonyms at phase 
۵㣬Ƕȣض۵һμ phase
Slang A devious method; a scheme.
ٵ ػصķ
v.ʣ
an.gled,an.gling,an.gles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move or turn (something) at an angle:
תƶתĳһǶȣ
angled the chair toward the window.
ת򴰻
Sports To hit (a ball or puck, for example) at an angle.
˶ бǻ
Informal To impart a biased aspect or point of view to:
ʽ 򣬹۵㣺ʹĳ۵㣺
angled the story in such a way as to criticize the candidate.
ʹ´ѡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To continue along or turn at an angle or by angles:
תǶȣǰתһǶȻбǰ
The road angles sharply to the left. The path angled through the woods.
·ͻȻתࣻС·۴ּ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin angulus 
Դ  angulus 
?
Angle
An.gle
AHD:[2nggl] 
D.J.[6#0g*l]
K.K.[6#0g*l]
n.ʣ
A member of a Germanic people that migrated to England from southern Jutland in the 5th centurya.d. , founded the kingdoms of Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia, and together with 
the Jutes and Saxons formed the Anglo-Saxon peoples. 
³ˣԪ 5ʹյϲǨӢնĳԱŵɭǡ³ͬ˺ѷγ˰³-ѷ 
?
From Latin Anglo} [the Angles] 
Դ  Anglo} [³] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
angry
an.gry
AHD:[2nggr?] 
D.J.[6#0gri8]
K.K.[6#0gri]
adj.ݴʣ
an.gri.er,an.gri.est 
Feeling or showing anger; incensed or enraged:
ģоֳŭģŭĻŭģ
an angry customer.
Ĺ˿
Indicative of or resulting from anger:
ŭģʾŭĻɷŭģ
an angry silence.
ŭĳĬ
Having a menacing aspect; threatening:
вԵģ񱩵ģ
angry clouds on the horizon.
ƽԤʾ
Inflamed and painful:
׵ģʹģ
an angry sore.
׵˿
?
Middle English angri 
йӢ angri 
from anger [anger] * see  anger 
Դ anger [ŭ] *μ anger
?
angry,furious,indignant,irate,ireful,mad,wrathful
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is feeling or showing anger: 
Щݴʹͬ˼ǡеֳŭġ 
an angry retort;
ŭķ
a furious scowl;
ŭ
an indignant denial;
ߵľܾ
irate protesters;
ŭĿߣ
ireful words;

mad at a friend;
ѷŭ
wrathful displeasure. 
еķŭ 

= =
animal
an.i.mal
AHD:[2n-ml] 
D.J.[6#n*m*l]
K.K.[6#n*m*l]
n.ʣ
A multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia, differing from plants in certain typical characteristics such as capacity for locomotion, nonphotosynthetic metabolism, pronounced 
response to stimuli, restricted growth, and fixed bodily structure.
еĶϸĳЩֲﲻͬ˶ܽзǹõ³´лܶԴ̼ӦƵ͹̶ṹ
An animal organism other than a human being, especially a mammal.
ޣ󣺲ڵĶָ鶯
A person who behaves in a bestial or brutish manner.
ˣбˣΪΪб
A human being considered with respect to his or her physical, as opposed to spiritual, nature.
ԣԣһ巽ԣ뾫Եķ
A person having a specified aptitude or set of interests:
ڲͬˣصжزܺȤõˣ
that rarest of musical animals, an instrumentalist who is as comfortable on a podium with a stick as he is playing his instrument(Lon Tuck)
Ǹóֵˣָ̨ϻӶָӰһա(ʡ)
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to, characteristic of, or derived from an animal or animals:
ģйضģжģɶóģ
animal fat.
֬
Relating to the physical as distinct from the spiritual nature of people:
˵ĶԵģй˵ģ뾫Բͬģ
animal instincts and desires.See Synonyms at brute 
ﱾܺμ brute
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin 
Դ  
from anim3e [neuter of] anim3lis [living] 
Դ anim3e  [] anim3lis [ŵ] 
from anima [soul] * see  an- 
Դ anima [꣬] *μ an- 

= =
ankle
an.kle
AHD:[2ngkl] 
D.J.[6#0k*l]
K.K.[6#0k*l]
n.ʣ
The joint formed by the articulation of the lower leg bones with the talus. The ankle connects the foot with the leg.
׹ؽڣСȹǺ;ǽγɵĹؽڡ׹ؽӽƺС
The slender section of the leg immediately above the foot.
ףŽŵСȵϸ
?
Middle English ancle, ankel 
йӢ ancle, ankel 
partly from Old English ancl?w 
Դ Ӣ ancl?w 
[partly of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 

= =
anniversary
an.ni.ver.sa.ry
AHD:[2n-v?rs-r?] 
D.J.[7#n*6vT8s*ri8]
K.K.[7#n*6vPs*ri]
n.ʣ
 an.ni.ver.sa.ries 
The annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance:
գ¼ÿȵظָʷһ˵Ҫڣ
a wedding anniversary; the anniversary of the founding of Rome.
գļ
A celebration commemorating such a date.
Ϊӽеļ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
an anniversary party; an anniversary ring.
᣻ָ
?
Middle English anniversarie 
йӢ anniversarie 
from Medieval Latin (di?3ria} [anniversary (day)] 
Դ  (di?3ria} [] 
from Latin [feminine of] annivers3rius [returning yearly] 
Դ   [] annivers3riusԴ [ÿһε] 
annus [year] * see  at- 
annus [] *μ at- 
versus [past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
versus  [] vertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2

= =
announce
an.nounce
AHD:[-nouns] 
D.J.[*6na&ns]
K.K.[*6na&ns]
v.ʣ
an.nounced,an.nounc.ing,an.nounc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make known publicly.
棺ʹ֪
To proclaim the presence or arrival of:
ĳϯĵ
announce a caller.

To provide an indication of beforehand; foretell:
ԤʾṩʾԤʾ
The invention of the microchip announced a new generation of computers.
΢ƬķԤʾһļ
To serve as an announcer for:
ĲԱ
announce a football game on TV.
ڵϸһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To declare one's candidacy:
ѡĳ˵ĺѡݣ
Presidential candidates announce two years in advance of the elections.
ͳѡǰѡ
To serve as an announcer.
Ա
?
Middle English announcen 
йӢ announcen 
from Old French anoncier 
Դ ŷ anoncier 
from Latin ann?3re} 
Դ  ann?3re} 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ˶] 
n?3re} [to report]  from n?s [message] * see  neu- 
n?3re} []  Դ n?s [ϢϢ] *μ neu- 
?
announce,advertise,broadcast,declare,proclaim,promulgate,publish
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring to public notice: 
Щʹе˼ǡ֮ڹ 
announced a cease-fire;
ͣ
advertise a forthcoming concert;
Ϊֻٰ棻
broadcasting their beliefs;
ǵ
declared her intention to run for office;
ҪѡԱԸ
proclaiming his opinions;
Ŀ
promulgated a policy of nonresistance;
ֿߣ
publishing the marriage banns. 
鹫 
?
The injunction not to shoot the messenger could as well be not to shoot the announcer, given the etymology of the wordannounce.   First recorded in English before 1500 in the sense 
to proclaim, make known,announce  came into English via Old French from Latin. The Latin sourceann?3re}  is made up of the directional prefix ad-  and the verb n?3re,}  to bring 
word of a fact or occurrence. This verb is in turn derived from the nounn?,  a message,  which also yieldedn?,  a messenger. 
׼ǹʹߵĽҲζŲ׼ǹйˣannounce ʵĴԴ 1500֮ǰôԡ֪˼һγӢannounce ͨеĹŷ
Ӣ annuntiare ָʾǰ׺ ad- Ͷ nuntiare ᵽһʵ¼ɡ nuntium Ϣ Ҳnuntius ˼ǡʹߣ
ˡ 

= =
announcer
an.nounc.er
AHD:[-nounsr] 
D.J.[*6na&ns*]
K.K.[*6na&ns+]
n.ʣ
One that announces, especially a radio or television employee who provides program continuity, delivers announcements, or gives running comments on sports events.
ߣԱߣָṩĿŹ½׷۵Ĺ㲥ӲԱ

= =
annoy
an.noy
AHD:[-noi] 
D.J.[*6n%!]
K.K.[*6n%!]
v.ʣ
an.noyed,an.noy.ing,an.noys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts.
ʹʹգ÷˵ģͨظԵΪʹˣ
To harass or disturb by repeated attacks.
ţңŴεĹʹᷳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be annoying.
ᣬ˷
?
Middle English anoien 
йӢ anoien 
from Old French anoier, ennuyer 
Դ ŷ anoier, ennuyer 
from Vulgar Latin *inodi3e [to make odious] 
Դ  *inodi3e [] 
from Latin in odio [odious] 
Դ  in odio [ģ] 
in [in] * see  in- 2
in [ڡ] *μ in-2
odi?} [ablative of] odium [hatred] * see  od- 
odi?}  [] odiumĶ [] *μ od- 
?
annoy,irritate,bother,irk,vex,provoke,aggravate,peeve,rile
These verbs mean to disturb or disquiet a person so as to evoke moderate anger.
Щʵ˼Ǵĳʹ֮
 Annoy   refers to mild disturbance caused by an act that tries one's patience: 
 Annoy  ָóĳԵΪĳ΢Ĳ 
The sound of footsteps on the bare floor annoyed the downstairs neighbors.
¥ϵذĽŲ¥סķ
Irritate   is closely related but somewhat stronger: 
Irritate  ˼̶ǿһЩ 
Your interruptions only serve to irritate the entire staff.
ĴֻȫְԱܲ졣
Bother   implies troublesome imposition: 
Bother  ʾ˵ĸţ 
Hasn't he bothered them enough with his phone calls?
ѵĵ绰Ա˵ĸŻ
Irk   connotes a wearisome quality: 
Irk  ʹᷳʣ 
The city council's failure to take action on the legislation irked the community.
ʩʧ˹ڵĲ
Vex   applies to an act capable of arousing anger or perplexity: 
Vex  ָһΪ 
Hecklers in the crowd asked irrelevant questions for the sole purpose of vexing the speaker.
ȺеķЩɵ⣬ֻΪסˡ
Provoke   implies strong and often deliberate incitement to anger: 
Provoke  ָǿҵعɿ˷ŭ 
Her behavior was enough to provoke an angel.
Ϊʹŭ
Aggravate   is an approximate equivalent: 
Aggravate  ˼ǰһʻͬ 
Threats only served to aggravate people in such cases  (Thackeray).
 вΪ˼ŭǡ ף
 Peeve,   somewhat informal in tone, suggests rather minor disturbance that produces a querulous, resentful response: 
 Peeve  ЩʽָСĸɧģԹ޵ķӦ 
The flippancy of your answer peeved me. To 
ʵĻشҰա 
 rile   is to upset one's equanimity and stir one up: 
 rile  һָʹĳʧȥƽɿĳˣ 
It riled me no end to listen to such lies. 
ʹûû˵ֻѻ 

= =
annual
an.nu.al
AHD:[2ny?-l] 
D.J.[6#nju8*l]
K.K.[6#nju*l]
adj.Abbr. ann.ݴʣд ann.
Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly:
ÿģȵģÿѭһεģÿģ
an annual trip to Paris.
һһȵİ֮
Of, relating to, or determined by a year:
һģȫģһģйһĻһģ
an annual income.

Botany Living or growing for only one year or season.
ֲѧ һģֻһһ
n.ʣ
A periodical published yearly; a yearbook.
꿯ÿһεڿ꿯
Botany A plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single growing season.
ֲѧ һֲȫΪһڵ
?
Middle English annuel 
йӢ annuel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin annu3s 
Դ  annu3s 
ultimately from Latin annus [year] * see  at- 
Դ  annus [] *μ at- 
?
annually
adv.ʣ

= =
anonymous
a.non.y.mous
AHD:[-n?n-ms] 
D.J.[*6nKn*m*s]
K.K.[*6n$n*m*s]
adj.Abbr. anon.,a.ݴʣд anon.,a.
Having an unknown or unacknowledged name:
ģϲģ֪򲻱ʶģ
an anonymous author.

Having an unknown or withheld authorship or agency:
ģ֪߻ģ
an anonymous letter; an anonymous phone call.
ţ绰
Having no distinctive character or recognition factor:
ɫģ޸Եģûصصģ
a very great, almost anonymous center of people who just want peace(Alan Paton)
ܶģȺֻҪƽ(ס)
?
From Late Latin an?s 
Դ  an?s 
from Greek an?s [nameless] 
Դ ϣ an?s [] 
an- [without] * see  a- 1
an- [û] *μ a-1
onuma [name] * see  n-men- 
onuma [] *μ n-men- 

= =
another
an.oth.er
AHD:[-n?Yr] 
D.J.[*6nJH*]
K.K.[*6nJH+]
adj.ݴʣ
One more; an additional:
һģһģ
had another cup of coffee.
ֺһ
Distinctly different from the first:
һģ
took another route to town.
߱·
Some other:
ģ
put it off to another day.
Ƴٵһ
pron.ʣ
An additional one:
һһ
one encore followed by another.
ݳһһ
A different one:
ģ
This shirt is too big; I'll try another.
̫ˣԼ
One of an undetermined number or group:
һЩһȷһЩһеһ
for one reason or another.See Usage Note at each other 
ֻԭμ each other
?
Middle English on other 
йӢ on other 
on [one] * see  one 
on [һ] *μ one
other [other] * see  other 
other [һ] *μ other

= =
ant
ant
AHD:[2nt] 
D.J.[#nt]
K.K.[#nt]
n.ʣ
Any of various social insects of the family Formicidae, characteristically having wings only in the males and fertile females and living in colonies that have a complex social 
organization.
ϣһȺϿ棬ΪֻϺֳǿĴϳᣬھиȺ֯Ⱥ
?
ants in (one's) pantsٵ
A state of restless impatience:
겻
She's got ants in her pants(Bobbie Ann Mason)
겻(ȡ÷ɭ)
?
Middle English amte 
йӢ amte 
from Old English ?e 
Դ Ӣ ?e 

= =
anticipate
an.tic.i.pate
AHD:[2n-t1s-p3t] 
D.J.[#n6t!s*7pe!t]
K.K.[#n6t!s*7pet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
an.tic.i.pat.ed,an.tic.i.pat.ing,an.tic.i.pates 
To feel or realize beforehand; foresee.
ԤУԤϣǰеʶԤ
To look forward to, especially with pleasure; expect.
ڴָϲãڴ
To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall.
ڡ֮ǰԤȷֹǰ
To foresee and fulfill in advance.See Synonyms at expect 
жǰԤϵɲμ expect
To cause to happen in advance; accelerate.
ʹǰ٣ٽ
To use in advance, as income not yet available.
Ԥ֧ûõԤ֧
To pay (a debt) before it is due.
ǰծ
?
Latin anticip3e  anticip3t- [to take before] 
 anticip3e  anticip3t- [ǰȡ] 
ante- [ante-] 
ante- [ǰ׺ʾڡ֮ǰǰ] 
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [ȡ] *μ kap- 
?
anticipatable
adj.ݴʣ
anticipator
n.ʣ
anticipatory
AHD:[-p-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
?
Some people hold thatanticipate  is improperly used as a simple synonym for expect;   they would restrict its use to situations in which advance action is taken either to forestall 
(anticipate her opponent's next move ) or to fulfill ( anticipate my desires ). In earlier surveys, however, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use ofanticipate  to mean to feel or 
to realize beforehand and to look forward to. The wordunanticipated,  however, is not established as a synonym for unexpected.   Thus 77 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the 
sentenceThey always set aside a little extra food for unanticipated guests,   inasmuch as guests for whom advance provision has been made cannot be said to be unanticipated,though 
they may very well be unexpected.
ЩΪanticipate Ϊ expect ļͬʲǡ ǰʵ÷ĳ龳Уڡ֮ǰж(ڶֵ²֮ǰж )( ҵ ) Ȼ
ǰĵУ÷רСԱܵanticipate ˼ǡԤСԤ֪͡ ǣunanticipated ʲΪ unexpected ͬʡ һ÷
רС77%˶ͬ仰ǶһЩʳδԤϵĿ  ȻǰΪЩ׼ʳͲ˵δԤϵģǲ֮

= =
antique
an.tique
AHD:[2n-t?k] 
D.J.[#n6ti8k]
K.K.[#n6tik]
adj.ݴʣ
Belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period.See Synonyms at old 
ʱģϵģڵģڵģصĲμ old
Of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome.
ŷģʽģϵĻڹʽģָϣģԹϣĻйϣص
Of or dealing in antiques.
ŶģӪŶ
Old-fashioned:
ʱģ
wore a suit of rather antique appearance.
һ൱ʱ·
n.ʣ
An object having special value because of its age, especially a domestic item or piece of furniture or handicraft esteemed for its artistry, beauty, or period of origin.
ŶԶֵ壬ָڹգۺʱڵȷܵӵҾ߻ֹƷ
The style or manner of ancient times, especially that of ancient Greek or Roman art:
ʽŷ磺ʱķʽָйϣģ
an admirer of the antique.
ϲŴ
v.ʣ
an.tiqued,an.tiqu.ing,an.tiques 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give the appearance of an antique to:
ʹɫ㣺ԹɫʹԵùɫ㣺
antiqued an oak chest.
ʹľԵùɫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hunt or shop for antiques.
ѰٹŶŶ
?
French 
 
from Latin antos * see  ant- 
Դ  antos *μ ant- 
?
antiquely
adv.ʣ
antiqueness
n.ʣ

= =
anxiety
anx.i.e.ty
AHD:[2ng-zo1-t?] 
D.J.[#06za!!ti8]
K.K.[#06za!!ti]
n.ʣ
 anx.i.e.ties 
A state of uneasiness and apprehension, as about future uncertainties.
ǣģһֶδȷ״Ĳǵ״̬
A cause of anxiety:
ǵԭ
For some people, air travel is a real anxiety.
һЩ˵ɻʹǽǵ
Psychiatry A state of intense apprehension, uncertainty, and fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event or situation, often to a degree that the normal physical and 
psychological functioning of the affected individual is disrupted.
ѧ ǣв¼Ԥ϶һָ߶ǡµ״̬߾ﵽϰĳ̶
Eager, often agitated desire:
еģ궯
my anxiety to make a good impression.
ҿӡ
?
Latin 33s} 
 33s} 
from 3s [anxious] * see  anxious 
Դ 3s [еģ] *μ anxious
?
anxiety,worry,care,concern,solicitude
These nouns are compared as they refer to troubled states of mind.
ʾ״̬ʱЩġ
 Anxiety   suggests feelings of fear and apprehension, especially when these emotions seem unrelated to objective sources: 
 Anxiety  ָ»ǵĸоָ͹Դ޹ص 
Feelings of resentment and rage over this devious form of manipulation cannot surface in the child . . . because he does not see through the subterfuge.
 ӶֶβֳԹ޺ͷŭĸ顭ΪûпǵĻС
At the most, he will experience feelings of anxiety, shame, insecurity, and helplessness  (Alice Miller).
鵽ǡ衢С ˹գ
 Worry   implies persistent doubt or fear that disturbs one's peace of mind: 
 Worry  ָ˾ĳϵǻ£ 
Rich people have about as many worries as poor ones, I think  (Louisa May Alcott).
 Ϊ˺˵ķһࡱ ·ɯ÷أ
 Care   denotes a burdened state of mind arising from heavy responsibilities: 
 Care  ָζһ˼븺 
To be happy one must be . . . well fed, unhounded by sordid cares  (H.L. Mencken).
 һҪ־ͱ롭֪㣬Ϊ̰ա H.L.ſϣ
 Concern  stresses involvement in the source of mental unrest; it combines serious thought with emotion: 
 Concern  ǿ˼벻أ˼ 
Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors  (Albert Einstein).
 ˵ĹעؽΪмҵҪעݡ ء˹̹
 Solicitude   is active and sometimes excessive concern for the well-being of another or others: 
 Solicitude  ָģʱǹĶһ˻Ĺģ 
Animosity had given way first to grudging concessions of admiration and then to worried solicitude for Lindbergh's safety  (Warren Trabant).
˲ԸЭŶְظȫĵò סأ

= =
anxious
anx.ious
AHD:[2ngkshs, 2ngshs] 
D.J.[6#0k.*s, 6#0.*s]
K.K.[6#0k.*s, 6#0.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Uneasy and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter; worried.
ǵģĵģԲȷ¼еļǵģĵ
Attended with, showing, or causing anxiety:
˽ǲģǵģֻǵģ
spent an anxious night waiting for the test results.
ȴԽȹһǲҹ
Usage Problem Eagerly or earnestly desirous.
÷ѡ пģп
?
From Latin 3s 
Դ  3s 
from angere [to torment] * see  angh- 
Դ angere [ĥʹ࣬] *μ angh- 
?
anxiously
adv.ʣ
anxiousness
n.ʣ
?
Anxious  has a long history of use roughly as a synonym for eager,  but many would prefer that the distinction between the two words be maintained and thatanxious  be used only when 
its subject is worried or uneasy about the anticipated event. In the traditional view, one may sayWe are anxious to see the strike settled soon   but notWe are anxious to see the new 
show of British sculpture at the museum.   Fifty-two percent of the Usage Panel rejectsanxious  in the latter sentence.  But general adoption ofanxious  to mean eager is 
understandable, at least in colloquial discourse,since it provides a means of adding emotional urgency to an assertion,in its implication that the subject's desire for a certain outcome is 
so strong that frustration of that desire will lead to unhappiness.Note, in this connection, the analogous use of sentences such asI'm dying to see your new baby  in informal style. 
Anxious ںܳһʱһֱΪ eager ͬã ܶϲ֮𣬼ֻеԤ¼ǲʱanxious  ڴͳ۵㿴
˵ǿչܿ  ˵ǿڲµӢչ  52%÷ʹСԱanxious ںһе÷ ͨanxious 
ʾeagerǿģ ڿȻǿĳһڸϵԣһ˼ǣĳһضԸǿң
ͻᵼ²졣עйصƾҺܿ³ĺ ҲǷʽ 

= =
any
an.y
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[6eni8]
K.K.[6Wni]
adj.ݴʣ
One, some, every, or all without specification:
κεģһһЩÿһ޾ָģ
Take any book you want. Are there any messages for me? Any child would love that. Give me any food you don't want.
һҪ顣дҵκϢ?ÿӶϲġ㲻ϲκʳ
Exceeding normal limits, as in size or duration:
κΣ٣ߵģڹģϻʱϣ
The patient cannot endure chemotherapy for any length of time.
˶ڻһҲ
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Any one or more persons, things, or quantities.
һһһЩˡ
adv.ʣ
To any degree or extent; at all:
ȫȻκγ̶Ȼ򳤶ȣȫȻ
didn't feel any better.
˿ûо
?
Middle English ani 
йӢ ani 
from Old English ?g * see  oi-no- 
Դ Ӣ ?g *μ oi-no- 
?
Used as a pronoun,any  can take either a singular or plural verb, depending on how it is construed:Any of these books is suitable  (that is, any one ). But are any  (that is, some ) of them 
available?   The constructionof any  is often used in informal contexts to mean of all, as inHe is the best known of any living playwright.   In an earlier survey this example was 
unacceptable in writing to 67 percent of the Usage Panel. Any  is also used to mean at all before a comparative adjective or adverb in questions and negative sentences:  
ʵany ȿɽӵֿɽӸʣ ȡ룺Any of these books is suitable?Щһʣ ָ any oneκһ  But are any
У ָ someκһЩ  of them availableκһЩ𣩣  of anyһģ ṹڷʽﾳʾеġ˼ ھ
һλ  ڵĵ67%÷ʹСԱΪΪﲻܱܡAny ҲڱȽϼݴʻ򸱴ǰʾȫȻѹһ÷
ʾͷ񶨾У  
Is she any better?
õ
Is he doing any better?
úЩ
He is not any friendlier than before. 
һҲȴǰѺá 
 This usage is entirely acceptable.The related use ofany  to modify a verb is considered informal. In writing, one should avoid sentences likeIt didn't hurt any  or If the child cries any, 
give her the bottle.  See Usage Note at every ,he 1
÷ȫԱܡ÷any ζΪǷʽġ УӦñľIt didn't hurt any.һҲûˣ  If the child cries 
any, give her the bottle.ٿޣ͸ƿ  μ every,he1

= =
anybody
an.y.bod.y
AHD:[n?-b?d?, -b?d?] 
D.J.[6eni87bKdi8, -7bJdi8]
K.K.[6Wni7b$di, -7bJdi]
pron.ʣ
Any person; anyone.See Usage Note at anyone 
һˣκ˲μ anyone
n.ʣ
A person of consequence:
Ҫ
Everybody who is anybody was at the reception.See Usage Note at every ,he 1
Ҫﶼ˻ӭμ every,he1

= =
anyhow
an.y.how
AHD:[n?-hou] 
D.J.[6eni87ha&]
K.K.[6Wni7ha&]
adv.ʣ
In whatever way or manner; however:
ôúַʽô
I'll cook it anyhow you like. They came anyhow they couldby boat, train, or plane.
ҽϲκηԸַʽ--˴˻𳵻˷ɻ
In a careless way; haphazardly:
أµأ
clothes stuffed anyhow into the suitcase.
·
In any case; at least:
Σ٣
I think they're asleep; anyhow, they're quiet.
˯ˣǺܰ
Nevertheless:
ˣ
It sounds crazy, but I believe it anyhow.
軰Ȼ

= =
anyone
an.y.one
AHD:[n?-w?n, -wn] 
D.J.[6eni87wJn, -w*n]
K.K.[6Wni7wJn, -w*n]
pron.ʣ
Any person.
κ
?
The one-word formanyone  is used to mean any person. The two-word formany one  is used to mean whatever one (person or thing) of a group. Anyone may join  means that 
admission is open to everybody. Any one may join  means that admission is open to one person only. When followed byof,  only any one  can be used: Any one  (not anyone ) of the 
boys could carry it by himself.   Anyone  is often used in place of everyone  in sentences like She is the most thrifty person of anyone I know.   In an earlier survey 64 percent of the 
Usage Panel found this sentence unacceptable in writing. Anyone  and anybody  are singular terms and always take a singular verb. See Usage Note at he 1
ʵʽanyone ʾκһˡ ʵʽany one ָһκһ˻ Anyone may join ָÿ˶ɽ롣 Any one may join ˼ֻ
һ˿Խ롣 of ʱֻ any one  Any one  anyone  of the boys could carry it by himselfκһӶö  Anyone Щﳣȡ
 everyone 磺 ʶڼ  ڵһεУ÷ʹС64%ĳԱΪþвܽܡAnyone  anybody ǵʽʣܴ
ʡ μ he1

= =
anything
an.y.thing
AHD:[n?-th1ng] 
D.J.[6eni87G!0]
K.K.[6Wni7G!0]
pron.ʣ
Any object, occurrence, or matter whatever.
κζκκ
adv.ʣ
To any degree or extent; at all:
ȫȻκγ̶ȻΧȫȻ
They aren't anything like last year's team.
ѹϲȥ
n.ʣ
Something or someone of importance:
ҪҪҪԵˣ
You had to be something to start with, and Jeremy never was anything(Anne Tyler)
ÿʼӣ״һ޳ɡ(ݡ̩)
?
anything but
By no means; not at all:

I was anything but happy about going.
Ҹϲȥ

= =
anyway
an.y.way
AHD:[n?-w3] 
D.J.[6eni87we!]
K.K.[6Wni7we]
adv.ʣ
In any way or manner whatever:
ԺַʽԺַ
Get the job done anyway you can.
Ժַʽ
In any case; at least:
Σ٣
I don't know if it was lost or stolen; anyway, it's gone.
Ҳ֪Ƕ˻Ǳ͵ˣô˵û
Nevertheless; regardless:
ǣˣ
It was raining but they played the game anyway.
꣬ǻǾ˱

= =
anywhere
an.y.where
AHD:[n?-hwar, -war] 
D.J.[6eni87hwe*, -7we*]
K.K.[6Wni7hwWr, -7wWr]
adv.ʣ
To, in, or at any place.
ȥκεطκεط
To any extent or degree; at all:
ȫȻκηΧ̶ϣȫȻ
The project isn't anywhere near completion.
̸ûнӽ깤
Used to indicate limits of variation:
֮䣬ȣʾ仯Ľޣ
Anywhere from 300 to 400 patients suffered secondary infections.
ٵİλٸȾ֮
n.ʣ
Any place whatsoever.
κεط

= =
apart
a.part
AHD:[-p?rt] 
D.J.[*6p$8t]
K.K.[*6p$rt]
adv.ʣ
At a distance in place, position, or time:
ࣺڵص㣬λʱϳɾ룺
railings spaced two feet apart; born three years apart.
֮Ӣߣ
Away from another or others:
ɢأֿأһķֿ
grew apart over the years; decided to live apart.
ԳɳȺ
In or into parts or pieces:
ɲ֣Ƭ
split apart.
ѳƬ
One from another:
ֱ棺һ𿪣
I can't tell the twins apart.
޷һ˫̥
Aside or in reserve, as for a separate use or purpose:
ãΪһ;Ŀķֿ
funds set apart for the project.
Ϊ̲ʽ
As a distinct item or entity:
أͬĿʵ壺
Quality sets it apart.
ʹڲͬ
So as to except or exclude from consideration; aside:
Ʋų⣻һԣ
All joking apart, I think you're crazy.
ƲЦ̸ΪǷ
adj.ݴʣ
Set apart; isolated. Used after a noun or in the predicate:
ģģģġʺνУ
a people who have existed over the centuries as a world apart.
ΪѾ˼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French a part 
Դ ŷ a part 
a [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a [ȥ]  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
part [side]  from Latin pars  part- * see  part 
part []  Դ  pars  part- *μ part
?
apartness
n.ʣ

= =
apartment
a.part.ment
AHD:[-p?rtmnt] 
D.J.[*6p$8tm*nt]
K.K.[*6p$rtm*nt]
n.Abbr. apt.ʣд apt.
A room or suite of rooms designed as a residence and generally located in a building occupied by more than one household.
䣺¥ƵΪһϾסլ׼
An apartment house:
Ԣ䣺
a row of high-rise apartments.
һŹԢ¥
A room.

apartments Chiefly British A suite of rooms within a larger building set aside for a particular purpose or person.
 apartments Ӣ ⷿ䣺¥;ķ
?
French appartement 
 appartement 
from Italian appartamento 
Դ  appartamento 
from appartare [to separate] 
Դ appartare [룬ֿ] 
from a parte [apart] 
Դ a parte [ģ] 
a [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a [ķ]  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
parte [side]  from Latin pars  part- * see  part 
parte []  Դ  pars  part- *μ part

= =
apologize
a.pol.o.gize
AHD:[-p?l-joz] 
D.J.[*6pKl*7d9a!z]
K.K.[*6p$l*7d9a!z]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
a.pol.o.gized,a.pol.o.giz.ing,a.pol.o.giz.es 
To make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense.
ǸϴڣΪĵǸڹ
To make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing.
⣬绤Կͷʽʽ绤
?
apologizer
n.ʣ

= =
apology
a.pol.o.gy
AHD:[-p?l-j?] 
D.J.[*6pKl*d9i8]
K.K.[*6p$l*d9i]
n.ʣ
 a.pol.o.gies 
An acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense.
ǸϴڣðϺڣԭ
A formal justification or defense.
ʽ⣬ʽ绤
An explanation or excuse:
ͣ˵
The consequence of those measures will be the best apology for my conduct(Daniel Defoe)
ЩʩĽΪõĽ͡(ϸ)
An inferior substitute:
ǿƷ
The sagging cot was a poor apology for a bed.
ݵķǴһӵĴƷ
?
Latin apologia 
 apologia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
apo- [apo-] 
apo- [ǰ׺ʾ뿪Զ롱] 
logos [speech] * see  leg- 
logos [Դ] *μ leg- 
?
apology,apologetic,apologia,defense,justification
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a statement that justifies or defends something, such as a past action or a policy: 
Щʹе˼ǡΪĳȥΪ߱绤 
a report that is an apology for capital punishment;
Ϊ̱绤ı棻
an apologetic for fascism;
Ϊ˹绤
a version of the story that is an apologia for malfeasance;
ΪְС˵뱾
offered a defense based on ignorance of the circumstances;
Զһ֪Ϊɶı⣻
an intellectually untenable justification for police brutality. 
Ϊжվסŵı绤 

= =
apparatus
ap.pa.ra.tus
AHD:[2p-r3ts, -r2ts] 
D.J.[7#p*6re!t*s, -6r#t*s]
K.K.[7#p*6ret*s, -6r#t*s]
n.ʣ
 apparatus  ap.pa.ra.tus.es  д app.
The totality of means by which a designated function is performed or a specific task executed, as in a system of government.
ִĳһָܻʹĳһضֶεܳƣһϵͳ
A political organization or an underground political movement.Also called  apparat 
֯λҲ  apparat
An appliance or device for a particular purpose:
װãĳ;߻װã
an x-ray apparatus.
X͸
An integrated group of materials or devices used for a particular purpose:
еװ;һ׻һϵĻװã
dental apparatus.See Synonyms at equipment 
еμ equipment
Physiology A group or system of organs that collectively perform a specific function or process:
ѧ ٣ϼִĳض̵ܻһһϵ٣
the respiratory apparatus; the digestive apparatus.
٣
?
Latin appar3s [preparation] [from past participle of] appar3re [to prepare] 
 appar3s [׼]  [] Դappar3reĹȥִ [׼] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾӡ] 
par3e [to prepare] * see  per- 1
par3e [׼] *μ per- 1

= =
appeal
ap.peal
AHD:[-p?l] 
D.J.[*6pi8l]
K.K.[*6pil]
n.ʣ
An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication.
леҪ
A resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision:
ڣΪϿɡȷϻ߻
an appeal to reason.

Law 
ɡ 
The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing.
ߣѰӵһԺһԺƽԽ
A case so transferred.
ƽİ
A request for a new hearing.
󣺽ѶҪ
The power of attracting or of arousing interest:
ȾȤ
a city with appeal for tourists.
οĳ
v.ʣ
ap.pealed,ap.peal.ing,ap.peals 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an earnest or urgent request, as for help.
лȵ
To have recourse, as for corroboration; resort:
Ϊһ֤ʵ
I appeal to your sense of justice.
Һó
Law To make or apply for an appeal.
ɡ ߣߣл
To be attractive or interesting.
иȾ
v.tr.Law ﶯʣɡ 
To transfer or apply to transfer (a case) to a higher court for rehearing.
󣺽ƽƽϼԺ
?
Middle English apel 
йӢ apel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from apeler [to appeal] 
Դ apeler [] 
from Latin appell3e [to entreat] * see  pel- 5
Դ  appell3e [] *μ pel- 5
?
appealability
n.ʣ
appealable
adj.ݴʣ
appealer
n.ʣ

= =
appear
ap.pear
AHD:[-p?r] 
D.J.[*6p!*]
K.K.[*6p!r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ap.peared,ap.pear.ing,ap.pears 
To become visible:
֣
a plane appearing in the sky.
гһܷɻ
To come into existence:
ʼ
New strains of viruses appear periodically.
¾ϵϸԵز
To seem or look to be:
󣬿ƺ
appeared unhappy.
󲻸
To seem likely:
ܣ
They will be late, as it appears.
ǿҪٵ
To come before the public:
¶棺
has appeared in two plays; appears on the nightly news.
ϷгŽĿ¶
Law To present oneself formally before a court as defendant, plaintiff, or counsel.
ɡ ͥΪ桢ԭʦʽͥ
?
Middle English aperen 
йӢ aperen 
from Old French aparoir  aper- 
Դ ŷ aparoir  aper- 
from Latin app3?re} 
Դ  app3?re} 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ˶] 
p3?re} [to show] 
p3?re} [ʾ] 
?
appear,emerge,issue,loom,materialize,show
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to come into view: 
Щʹеһ˼ΪҰС 
a ship appearing on the horizon;
ִڵƽϳ֣
a star that emerged from behind a cloud;
Ʋʺ¶ǣ
a diver issuing from the water;
ˮ¶ǱˮԱ
a peak that loomed through the mist;
ֵɽ壻
a flash of lightning that seemed to materialize from nowhere;
ֵ֪һ磻
a ruffle showing at the edge of the sleeve. See also Synonyms at  seem 
ϳֵ μͬ seem

= =
appearance
ap.pear.ance
AHD:[-p?rns] 
D.J.[*6p!*r*ns]
K.K.[*6p!r*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of coming into sight.
֣¶ֵĶ
The act or an instance of coming into public view:
¶棺ڹ¶Ϊ¼
The author made a rare personal appearance.
λһеĸ˹¶
Outward aspect:
ò
an untidy appearance.

Something that appears; a phenomenon.

A superficial aspect; a semblance:
ӣ
keeping up an appearance of wealth.
ָе
appearances Outward indications; circumstances:
 appearances 漣ϸڣ
a cheerful person, to all appearances.
ͱ漣ۣһֹ۵

= =
appendix
ap.pen.dix
AHD:[-pnd1ks] 
D.J.[*6pend!ks]
K.K.[*6pWnd!ks]
n.ʣ
 ap.pen.dix.es  ap.pen.di.ces [-d1-s?z]  д app.
An appendage.

A collection of supplementary material, usually at the end of a book.
¼ͨĩβĲ
The vermiform appendix.
β
Anatomy A supplementary or accessory part of a bodily organ or structure.
ѧ βͻٻ֯ĸ
?
Latin 
 
from appendere [to hang upon] * see  append 
Դ appendere [ȡڣ] *μ append

= =
appetite
ap.pe.tite
AHD:[2p1-tot] 
D.J.[6#p!7ta!t]
K.K.[6#p!7ta!t]
n.ʣ
An instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink.
ʳһֱָʳƷ
A strong wish or urge:
ǿҵԸеҪ
an appetite for learning.
ѧϰǿԸ
?
Middle English apetit 
йӢ apetit 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin appetos [strong desire] [from past participle of] appetere [to strive after] 
Դ  appetos [ǿ]  [] ԴappetereĹȥִ [Ϊܶ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾٽ] 
petere [to seek] * see  pet- 
petere [Ѱң] *μ pet- 
?
appetitive
AHD:[2p1-tot1v, -pt1-t1v] ݴʣ

= =
applaud
ap.plaud
AHD:[-pl?d] 
D.J.[*6pl%8d]
K.K.[*6pl%d]
v.ʣ
ap.plaud.ed,ap.plaud.ing,ap.plauds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express approval, especially by clapping the hands.
ޣƣָ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express approval of (someone or something) especially by such clapping.
ͣƣĳ˻ĳʾָͣƻ
To commend highly; praise:
߶ȳޣ
applauded her decision to complete her degree.
ѧλľ
?
Middle English applauden 
йӢ applauden 
from Latin applaudere 
Դ  applaudere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾӡ] 
plaudere [to clap] 
plaudere [] 
?
applaudable
adj.ݴʣ
applaudably
adv.ʣ
applauder
n.ʣ
?
applaud,cheer,root
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to express approval or encouragement in audible form, especially by clapping: 
Щʹе˼ǡüķʽָԹʾ 
applauded at the end of the concert;
ֻʱȲʣ
cheered when the home team scored;
ӵ÷ʱ
rooting for the underdog in the tennis championship. 
ΪдƵĶӹƼ͡ 

= =
apple
ap.ple
AHD:[2pl] 
D.J.[6#p*l]
K.K.[6#p*l]
n.ʣ
A deciduous Eurasian tree(Malus pumila)  having alternate simple leaves and white or pink flowers. 
ƻŷǴ½һҶľƻ лĵҶɫɫĻ 
The firm, edible, usually rounded fruit of this tree.
ƻӲʳͨΪԲεĹʵ
Any of several other plants, especially those with fruits suggestive of the apple, such as the crab apple or custard apple.
ƻֲֲָƻ״ʵģƻ֦
The fruit of any of these plants.
ƻʵ
?
apple of (one's) eye
One that is treasured:
, 䰮
Her grandson is the apple of her eye.

?
Middle English appel 
йӢ appel 
from Old English ?ppel 
Դ Ӣ ?ppel 

= =
appliance
ap.pli.ance
AHD:[-plons] 
D.J.[*6pla!*ns]
K.K.[*6pla!*ns]
n.ʣ
A device or instrument designed to perform a specific function, especially an electrical device, such as a toaster, for household use.See Synonyms at tool 
ߣþߣװãִ⹦ܵװûߣָͥÿĵ豸μ tool
A dental or surgical device designed to perform a therapeutic or corrective function.
ҽеβнܵƻҽе
?
From apply 
Դ apply

= =
applicable
ap.pli.ca.ble
AHD:[2pl1-k-bl, -pl1k-] 
D.J.[6#pl!k*b*l, *6pl!k*-]
K.K.[6#pl!k*b*l, *6pl!k*-]
adj.ݴʣ
That can be applied; appropriate:
Ӧõģʵģ
gave applicable examples to support her argument.
ٳʵ֧۵
?
applicability
n.ʣ
applicably
adv.ʣ

= =
application
ap.pli.ca.tion
AHD:[2pl1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7#pl!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7#pl!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of applying.
Ӧã룺ӦáûΪ
Something applied, such as a cosmetic or curative agent.
ױƷҩࣺ绯ױƷҩ
The act of putting something to a special use or purpose:
ʵʩĳͶĳʹûĿĵΪ
an application of a new method.
·ʵʩ
A specific use to which something is put:
Ӧãĳﱻʹõĳȷ;
the application of science to industry.
ڹҵ϶ԿѧӦ
The capacity of being usable; relevance:
ʵԣԣ
Geometry has practical application in aviation and navigation.
ѧںպͺʵ
Close attention; diligence:
רעڷܣ
shows application to her work.See Synonyms at effort 
ڷܲμ effort
A request, as for assistance, employment, or admission to a school.
룺ͰƸûѧ
The form or document on which such a request is made.
飺ıļ
adj.also ݴʣ Ҳ 
applications ѧ
Of or being a computer program designed for a specific task or use:
Ӧõģִһر;ļģ
applications software for a missile guidance system.
ƵϵͳӦ
?
Middle English applicacion 
йӢ applicacion 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin applic3?}  applic3ti?n- 
Դ  applic3?}  applic3ti?n- 
from applic3s [past participle of] applic3re [to affix] * see  apply 
Դ applic3s  [] applic3reĹȥִ [ճϣ] *μ apply

= =
apply
ap.ply
AHD:[-plo] 
D.J.[*6pla!]
K.K.[*6pla!]
v.ʣ
ap.plied,ap.ply.ing,ap.plies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring into nearness or contact with something; put on, upon, or to:
Ϳʹĳڡϻڡԣ
applied glue sparingly to the paper.
ˮʡͿֽ
To put to or adapt for a special use:
ӦãѡӦڣͶӦһض;
applies all her money to her mortgage.
еǮѺ
To put into action:
ʹãã
applied the brakes.
ɲ
To devote (oneself or one's efforts) to something:
רڣʹԼԼŬĳ
applied myself to my studies.
רҵѧϰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be pertinent or relevant:
ã漰
a rule that applies to everyone.
ÿ˵Ĺ
To request or seek assistance, employment, or admission:
룺Ѱְҵѧ
will apply to college.See Synonyms at resort 
ѧμ resort
?
Middle English applien 
йӢ applien 
from Old French aplier 
Դ ŷ aplier 
from Latin applic3e [to affix] 
Դ  applic3e [ϣ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ] 
plic3e [to fold together] * see  plek- 
plic3e [һ] *μ plek- 

= =
appoint
ap.point
AHD:[-point] 
D.J.[*6p%!nt]
K.K.[*6p%!nt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ap.point.ed,ap.point.ing,ap.points д app.,appt.
To select or designate to fill an office or position:
ίɣѡɻָһλûְλ
appointed her the chief operating officer of the company.
Ϊ˾ľӪ
To fix or set by authority or by mutual agreement:
ԼָȨͬԼţ
will appoint a date for the examination.
ָ
To furnish; equip:
װ裻ã
a house that is comfortably appointed.
õúʵסլ
Law To direct the disposition of (property) to a person or persons in exercise of a power granted for this purpose by a preceding deed.
ɡ òƲȨǰʹãƲȨָĳ˻ĳЩΪƲ
?
Middle English appointen 
йӢ appointen 
from Old French apointier [to arrange] 
Դ ŷ apointier [] 
from a point [to the point] 
Դ a point [Ҫп] 
a [to]  from Latin ad * see  ad- 
a [ȥ]  Դ  ad *μ ad-
point [point] * see  point 
point [ָ] *μ point
?
appoint,designate,name,nominate,tap
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to select for an office or position: 
Щʹе˼ǡΪĳְλλöѡ񡱣 
was appointed chairperson of the committee;
ΪίԱϯ
expects to be designated leader of the opposition;
ΪԷָ쵼ˣ
a new commissioner of public safety named by the mayor;
г¹־ֳ
wants to be nominated as her party's candidate;
뱻Ϊڷĺѡˣ
was tapped for fraternity membership. See also Synonyms at  furnish 
ѡΪԱ μͬ furnish

= =
appointment
ap.point.ment
AHD:[-pointmnt] 
D.J.[*6p%!ntm*nt]
K.K.[*6p%!ntm*nt]
n.Abbr. appt.ʣд appt.
The act of appointing or designating for an office or position.
ίɣָһְλλõΪ
The office or position to which one has been appointed.
ְָλĳ˱ίεְλλ
An arrangement to do something or meet someone at a particular time and place.See Synonyms at engagement 
ԼᣬԼĳضʱ͵صĳ»ĳ˵İŲμ engagement
appointments Furnishings, fittings, or equipment.
 appointments ̶豸Ҿߡ豸װ
Law The act of directing the disposition of property by virtue of a power granted for this purpose.
ɡ ָƲˣȨԲƲдõΪ

= =
appraisal
ap.prais.al
AHD:[-pr3zl] 
D.J.[*6pre!z*l]
K.K.[*6prez*l]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of appraising.
ۣۣۣ۵Ϊʵ
An expert or official valuation, as for taxation.
ۣ˰շרһٷĹ

= =
appreciable
ap.pre.cia.ble
AHD:[-pr?sh-bl] 
D.J.[*6pri8.*b*l]
K.K.[*6pri.*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Possible to estimate, measure, or perceive:
ɹƵģɲģɲģ
appreciable changes in temperature.See Synonyms at perceptible 
ɲ¶ϵı仯μ perceptible
?
appreciably
adv.ʣ

= =
apprehension
ap.pre.hen.sion
AHD:[2pr1-hnshn] 
D.J.[7#pr!6hen.*n]
K.K.[7#pr!6hWn.*n]
n.ʣ
Fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread.
ģǣδ־ǣǾ
The act of seizing or capturing; arrest.
ץΪ
The ability to apprehend or understand; understanding.
˽⣺ջ
?
Middle English apprehencioun [perception] 
йӢ apprehencioun [֪] 
from Old French apprehension 
Դ ŷ apprehension 
from Late Latin appreh??}  appreh?nsi?n- 
Դ  appreh??}  appreh?nsi?n- 
from Latin appreh?s [past participle of] apprehendere [to seize] * see  apprehend 
Դ  appreh?s  [] apprehendereĹȥִ [ץס] *μ apprehend
?
apprehension,foreboding,presentiment,misgiving
These nouns denote consternation that something untoward may be impending.
ЩָĳЩȽĲ֮µĽǡ
 Apprehension   is fearful anticipation that something adverse is going to happen: 
 Apprehension  ǶһЩҪĲ־Ԥڣ 
The student looked around the examination room with apprehension.
ѧ־عۿҵܡ
Foreboding   is a sense of coming misfortune that is less clearly based on a definite reason: 
Foreboding  ָΪػĳȷԭ򣬶ԽĲҵĸо 
The second half of the book builds a steadily escalating sense of foreboding  (Sven Birkerts).
Ȿĺ벿ֽһǿĲҵԤ" ˹ġأ
 Presentiment   denotes a somewhat nonspecific feeling that something, but not necessarily something unpleasant, is imminent: 
 Presetiment  ָһֲȷĸоĳЩδǲõｫҪ 
The lawyer had a presentiment that the judge would dismiss the case against her client.
ʦһԤУٽĵ˵İ
Misgiving   suggests mistrust or uncertainty, as from loss of confidence in a decision made or from fearful doubts about a course of action undertaken: 
Misgiving  ָɻδȷ£ԴһĵɥʧѲȡһжĿ־Իɣ 
A prudent mind can see room for misgiving, lest he who prospers should one day suffer reverse  (Sophocles).
 ǻɿᣬһʱɹĳܲҡ ˹

= =
approach
ap.proach
AHD:[-pr?ch] 
D.J.[*6pr*&t.]
K.K.[*6prot.]
v.ʣ
ap.proached,ap.proach.ing,ap.proach.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come near or nearer, as in space or time:
ӽ򿿵øڿռʱϣ
Spring approaches.

Sports To make an approach in golf.
˶ ӽڸ߶нпѨһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come or go near or nearer to:
ӽȥӽӽڣ
approached the tunnel.
ӽ
To come close to, as in appearance, quality, or condition; approximate:
ӽòϣӽ
The performance approaches perfection.
ܽ
To make a proposal or overtures to with a specific end in view:
飺ĳ³ر⣬᰸飺
approached the administration for a raise.
н
To begin to deal with or work on:
֣ʼڣ
approached the task with dread.
ֵ̿ؿʼ
n.ʣ
The act of approaching:
ӽӽΪ
the approach of night.
ҹĻ
A fairly close resemblance; an approximation.
ӽ൱ƣӽ
A way or means of reaching something; an access:
;ﵽĳЩµ;򷽷ͨ·
an approach to the bridge.
ͨŵ·
The method used in dealing with or accomplishing:
裺ڴɵķ
a logical approach to the problem.
߼
An advance or overture made by one person to another.
飬飺һΪһ᰸
Sports 
˶ 
The golf stroke following the drive from the tee with which a player tries to get the ball onto the putting green.
ӽŸ߶󣬻ͼ򶴲ƺ
The steps taken by a bowler before delivering the ball.
Ͷ򲽷ͶڴǰȡĲ
The part of the area behind the foul line in a bowling alley used by a bowler in delivering the ball.
ͶͶڴʱõĴϷԺĲ
?
Middle English approchen 
йӢ approchen 
from Old French aprochier 
Դ ŷ aprochier 
from Late Latin appropi3e 
Դ  appropi3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin propius [nearer] [comparative of] prope [near] * see  per 1
 propius [ӽ]  [] propeıȽϼ [] *μ per 1

= =
appropriate
ap.pro.pri.ate
AHD:[-pr?pr?-1t] 
D.J.[*6pr*&pri8!t]
K.K.[*6propri!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting.
ʺڡģʺĳضˣ¼صģ˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ap.pro.pri.at.ed,ap.pro.pri.at.ing,ap.pro.pri.ates[-3t]  
To set apart for a specific use:
;
appropriating funds for education.

To take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission:
ŲããΪԼռлʹãδɣ
Lee appropriated my unread newspaper and never returned it.
δĶıֽӲ黹
?
Middle English appropriat 
йӢ appropriat 
from Late Latin appropri3s [past participle of] appropri3re [to make one's own] 
Դ  appropri3s  [] appropri3reĹȥִ [ΪԼ] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin proprius [own] * see  per 1
 proprius [Լ] *μ per 1
?
appropriately
adv.ʣ
appropriateness
n.ʣ
appropriative
AHD:[-3t1v] ݴʣ
appropriator
n.ʣ
?
appropriate,arrogate,commandeer,confiscate,preempt,usurp
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to seize for oneself or as one's right: 
˶ʹеĺǡΪԼȡûΪĳ˵Ȩ 
appropriated the family car;
Ųü
arrogating to himself the most interesting tasks;
ΪԼȡȤ
commandeered a plane for the escape;
һܷɻߣ
confiscating alien property;
Ʋ
preempted the glory for herself;
ΪԼռ
usurped the throne. See also Synonyms at  allocate ,fit 1
ȡλ μͬ allocate,fit1

= =
approval
ap.prov.al
AHD:[-pr?vl] 
D.J.[*6pru8v*l]
K.K.[*6pruv*l]
n.ʣ
The act of approving.
ͬ⣺׼Ϊ
An official approbation; sanction.
ٷ׼Ͽ
Favorable regard; commendation.
޳ɣĶԴ޳
?
on approval
For examination or trial by a customer without the obligation to buy:
ԴΪ˿Դģû
took the dress on approval.
Դȹ

= =
approximate
ap.prox.i.mate
AHD:[-pr?ks-m1t] 
D.J.[*6prKks*m!t]
K.K.[*6pr$ks*m!t]
adj.Abbr. approx.ݴʣд approx.
Almost exact or correct:
ԼĪģŵģȷȷģ
the approximate time of the accident.
¹ʵĴʱ
Very similar; closely resembling:
ǳƵģƵģ
sketched an approximate likeness of the suspect.
ߵĴФ
Botany Close together but not united.
ֲѧ ӵ
v.ʣ
ap.prox.i.mat.ed,ap.prox.i.mat.ing,ap.prox.i.mates[-m3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come close to; be nearly the same as:
ͬһӽ
This meat substitute approximates the real thing.
ݻӽʵ
To bring near.
ʹӽ
To bring together, as cut edges of tissue.
ʹӺϣһг֯ıԵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come near or close, as in degree, nature, or quality.
ӽӽ򿿽ڳ̶ȡͻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin approxim3s [past participle of] approxim3re [to approach] 
Դ  approxim3s  [] approxim3reĹȥִ [ӽ] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
proxim3e [to come near]  from proximus [nearest] * see  per 1
proxim3e []  Դ proximus [ӽ] *μ per 1
?
approximately
adv.ʣ

= =
apt
apt
AHD:[2pt] 
D.J.[#pt]
K.K.[#pt]
adj.ݴʣ
Exactly suitable; appropriate:
ǡģȫʺϵģʵģ
an apt reply.See Synonyms at fit 1
һ˵Ļشμ fit1
Having a natural tendency; inclined:
ģһȻģģ
She is apt to take offense easily.See Usage Note at liable ,likely 
ڷŭμ liable,likely
Quick to learn or understand:
ģѸѧϰģ
an apt student.
һӱѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French apte 
Դ ŷ apte 
from Latin aptus [past participle of] apere [to fasten] 
Դ  aptus  [] apereĹȥִ [] 
?
aptly
adv.ʣ
aptness
n.ʣ
?
APT
APT
AHD:[3p?-t?] 
D.J.[7e!pi86ti8]
K.K.[7epi6ti]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A language designed for programming numerically controlled machine tools.
ԶسԶƹߣƳʽԣػ
?
A(utomatically) P(rogrammed) T(ool) 
A(utomatically) P(rogrammed) T(ool) 

= =
arbitrary
ar.bi.trar.y
AHD:[?rb1-trr?] 
D.J.[6$8b!7treri8]
K.K.[6$rb!7trWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle:
ģϵģżȻһʱ»嶯ɱȻԭģ
stopped at the first motel we passed, an arbitrary choice; arbitrary division of the group into halves.
Ǿĵһùݴͣ£һѡ񣻽СΪȷֵһʱķ
Based on or subject to individual judgment or preference:
רƵģרϵģڻڸжϻϲã
The diet imposes overall calorie limits, but daily menus are arbitrary.
ʳ׹涨ܵĿ·ƣÿĲ˵ɾݰԶ
Established by a court or judge rather than by a specific law or statute:
ɷͥķٶרҵɻ򷨹پģ
an arbitrary penalty.
о̷
Not limited by law; despotic:
ܷƵģרƵģ
the arbitrary rule of a dictator.
ߵרͳ
?
Middle English arbitrarie 
йӢ arbitrarie 
from Latin arbitr3s 
Դ  arbitr3s 
from arbiter  arbitr- [arbiter] 
Դ arbiter  arbitr- [ٲ] 
?
arbitrarily
AHD:[-trar-l?] ʣ
arbitrariness
n.ʣ
?
arbitrary,capricious,whimsical
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is determined by or arising from whim or caprice rather than judgment or reason: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡɳ嶯жóġ 
an arbitrary decision;
һʱľ
a capricious refusal;
ľܾ
the butt of whimsical persecution. 
쿪ȺĶ 

= =
arc
arc
AHD:[?rk] 
D.J.[$8k]
K.K.[$rk]
n.ʣ
Something shaped like a curve or an arch:
״߻򹰵壺
the vivid arc of a rainbow.
ʺĹ
Mathematics A segment of a circle.
ѧ Բܵһ
Electricity A luminous discharge of current that is formed when a strong current jumps a gap in a circuit or between two electrodes.
ѧ 绡⣺ǿڻ·ѷ缫ԾʱγɵĻԹŵ
Astronomy The apparent path of a celestial body as it rises above and falls below the horizon.
ѧ ջҹ仡µƽʱ·
v.intr.ﶯʣ
arced  arcked [?rkt] arc.ing  arck.ing [?rk1ng] arcs 
To form an arc.
γɹ״
To move or seem to move in a curved path:
ѭн·˶˶
the stars that arc across the sky.
л˶
?
Middle English ark 
йӢ ark 
from Old French arc 
Դ ŷ arc 
from Latin arcus 
Դ  arcus 
?
ARC
ARC 1
AHD:[?rk] 
D.J.[$8k]
K.K.[$rk]
n.ʣ
A combination of symptoms, including fever, lymphadenopathy, blood abnormalities, and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The complex was first considered to be a precursor to 
AIDS, but it is now thought of as a milder form of the disease.
ۺ֢״ۺ֢״աƤܰͲѪҺ쳣ԿܸȾ׸ԡۺ֢̲ǰףΪֲĽº͵һʽ
?
A(IDS)-r(elated) c(omplex) 
A(IDS)-r(elated) c(omplex)
?
ARC
ARC 2
abbr.
American Red Cross.
ʮֻ

= =
arch
arch 1
AHD:[?rch] 
D.J.[$8t.]
K.K.[$rt.]
n.ʣ
A structure, especially one of masonry, forming the curved, pointed, or flat upper edge of an open space and supporting the weight above it, as in a bridge or doorway.
νṹһʯ콨ṹɿſռġмⶥĻƽ̹ϱԵ֧Żϵ
A structure, such as a freestanding monument, shaped like an inverted U.
һֽṹŵļ絹õU
A curve with the ends down and the middle up:
ߣмϵߣ
the arch of a raised eyebrow.
ʹεüë
Anatomy An organ or structure having a curved or bowlike appearance, especially either of two arched sections of the bony structure of the foot.
ѧ 㹭ݹĻ״εٻṹָŵĹǼܽṹβ֮һ
v.ʣ
arched,arch.ing,arch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with an arch:
ù״ṩ
arch a passageway.
Ϊȼӹ
To cause to form an arch or similar curve.
ʹɹΣʹγɹ
To bend backward:
䣺
The dancers alternately arched and hunched their backs.
赸߽ؽ͹
To span:

the rude bridge that arched the flood(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
ںˮϵıš(ֶࡤĬɭ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form an arch or archlike curve:
γɹγɹ״ߣ
The high fly ball arched toward the stands.
߸߷ɻη̨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French arche 
Դ ŷ arche 
from Vulgar Latin *arca 
Դ  *arca 
from Latin arcus 
Դ  arcus 
?
arch
arch 2
AHD:[?rch] 
D.J.[$8t.]
K.K.[$rt.]
adj.ݴʣ
Chief; principal:
ҪģҪģ
their arch foe.
ҪĶ
Mischievous; roguish:
ƤģϷģ
an arch glance.
ƤһƳ
?
From arch- 1
Դ arch-1
?
archly
adv.ʣ
archness
n.ʣ

= =
architect
ar.chi.tect
AHD:[?rk1-tkt] 
D.J.[6$8k!7tekt]
K.K.[6$rk!7tWkt]
n.ʣ
Abbr. arch.,archt.One who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures.
д arch.,archt.ʦƲܽ豸Ĺ
One that plans or devises:
ʦƻƵˣ
a country considered to be the chief architect of war in the Middle East.
жұսҪ߻
?
Latin architectus 
 architectus 
from Greek arkhitekt?n 
Դ ϣ arkhitekt?n 
arkhi- [archi-] 
arkhi- [ǰ׺Ҫġ] 
tekt?n [builder] * see  teks- 
tekt?n [] *μ teks- 

= =
architecture
ar.chi.tec.ture
AHD:[?rk1-tkchr] 
D.J.[6$8k!7tekt.*]
K.K.[6$rk!7tWkt.+]
n.Abbr. archit.,arch.ʣд archit.,arch.
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings.
ѧƺͽｨѧ
Buildings and other large structures:
͹
the low, brick-and-adobe architecture of the Southwest.
ϲĵͰש
A style and method of design and construction:
Ƽķʽͷ
Byzantine architecture.
ռͥʽ
Orderly arrangement of parts; structure:
ţṹ
the architecture of the federal bureaucracy; the broad architecture of a massive novel; computer architecture.
ϵͳĽṹС˵Ӵṹṹ
?
Latin architect?a 
 architect?a 
from architectus [architect] * see  architect 
Դ architectus [ʦ] *μ architect
?
architectural
adj.ݴʣ
architecturally
adv.ʣ

= =
arctic
arc.tic
AHD:[?rkt1k, ?rt1k] 
D.J.[6$8kt!k, 6$8t!k]
K.K.[6$rkt!k, 6$rt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely cold; frigid.See Synonyms at cold 
䣻Ĳμ cold
n.ʣ
A warm, waterproof overshoe.
ůˮЬ
?
Alteration  influenced by Latin arcticus 
    arcticusӰ 
of Middle English artic [northern] 
 йӢ articı仯 [] 
from Medieval Latin articus 
Դ  articus 
from Latin arcticus 
Դ  arcticus 
from Greek arktikos 
Դ ϣ arktikos 
from arktos [bear, the northern constellation Ursa Major] * see  tko- 
Դ arktos [ܣ] *μ tko- 
?
Arctic
Arc.tic
AHD:[?rkt1k, ?rt1k] 
D.J.[6$8kt!k, 6$8t!k]
K.K.[6$rkt!k, 6$rt!k]
NONE޴ԣ
A region between the North Pole and the northern timberlines of North America and Eurasia.
ڱ뱱޺ŷǴ½ľ֮
?
Arctic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
argue
ar.gue
AHD:[?rgy?] 
D.J.[6$8gju8]
K.K.[6$rgju]
v.ʣ
ar.gued,ar.gu.ing,ar.gues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put forth reasons for or against; debate:
ۣΪɻɷԣۣ
It is time to stop arguing tax-rate reductions and to enact them(Paul Craig Roberts)
ڸֹͣڼ˰ʵ磬ǰǸʵʩʱˡ(ޡ׸޲)
To attempt to prove by reasoning; maintain or contend:
֣ţо֤оֻ֤ţ
The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.
߾ٳ֤Ӧ뾳
To give evidence of; indicate:
֤ݣָ
Similarities cannot always be used to argue descent(Isaac Asimov)
Ƶ֤һ˵ĳ(ˡĪ)
To persuade or influence (another), as by presenting reasons:
˵Ȱ棺˵Ӱ죨ˣͨɣ
argued the clerk into lowering the price.
˵ۻԱͼ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put forth reasons for or against something:
磺Աʾ޳ɣ򷴶ĳ£
argued for dismissal of the case; argued against an immediate counterattack.
Ųϣ
To engage in a quarrel; dispute.

?
Middle English arguen 
йӢ arguen 
from Old French arguer 
Դ ŷ arguer 
from Latin arg?3re} [to babble, chatter] [frequentative of] arguere [to make clear] * see  arg- 
Դ  arg?3re} [߶̸]  [] arguereظ [Ū] *μ arg- 
?
arguer
n.ʣ
?
argue,quarrel,wrangle,squabble,bicker
These verbs denote verbal exchange expressing conflict of positions or opinions. To
ЩʶָԻ۵ĳͻ
 argue   is to present reasons or facts in an attempt to persuade an adversary in debate or to induce another to espouse a cause or point of view one advocates: 
 argue  ָɻʵͼ˵ԷʹӵԼɻ۵㣺 
I am not arguing with youI am telling you  (James McNeill Whistler).
 Ҳں--Ǹ㡱 ղķ˹˹գ
 Quarrel   stresses animosity and often a suspension of amicable relations: 
 Quarrel  ǿ⣬ָѺùϵֹ 
There's no point in quarreling about the past.
Ϊȥ¶ûõġ
Wrangle   refers to loud, contentious argument: 
Wrangle  ָģۣ 
audiences . . . who can be overheard wrangling about film facts in restaurants and coffee houses  (Sheila Benson).
 ǡڲ͹ݺͿȹ۵Ӱڡ ϣɭ
 Squabble   suggests disagreeable argument, usually over a petty or trivial matter: 
 Squabble  ָ˲ۣΪһЩСĻ£ 
The one absolutely certain way of bringing this nation to ruin . . . would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities  (Theodore Roosevelt).
 ʹұĿɿ취ΪһΪСݵĹҡ ¶ࡤ˹
 Bicker   connotes sharp, persistent, bad-tempered exchange: 
 Bicker  мִ̣鲻õĽ̸ 
The same reason that makes us bicker with a neighbor creates a war between princes  (Montaigne).See also Synonyms at  discuss ,indicate 
ڹԭʹ֮䱬һս μͬ discuss,indicate

= =
argument
ar.gu.ment
AHD:[?rgy-mnt] 
D.J.[6$8gj*m*nt]
K.K.[6$rgj*m*nt]
n.ʣ
A discussion in which disagreement is expressed; a debate.
ۣﲻۣͬ
A quarrel; a dispute.

Archaic A reason or matter for dispute or contention:
 ţɣۻ۱ɻݣ
sheath'd their swords for lack of argument(Shakespeare)
սʡ(ɯʿ)
A course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood:
ּ֤˵α۹̣
presented a careful argument for extraterrestrial life.
ڵϸ֤
A fact or statement put forth as proof or evidence; a reason:
۾ݣݣΪݻ۾ݶʵ۵㣻ɣ
The current low mortgage rates are an argument for buying a house now.
еĵ͵Ѻӵĸ
A summary or short statement of the plot or subject of a literary work.
ڣѧƷĹ¹ŻҪ
A topic; a subject:
Ŀ⣺
You and love are still my argument(Shakespeare)
Ͱҵ⡱(ɯʿ)
Logic The minor premise in a syllogism.
߼ѧ еСǰ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The independent variable of a function.
Ա
The amplitude of a complex number.
ķ
Computer Science A value used to evaluate a procedure or subroutine.
ѧ ԱԪһֵȷӳֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin arg?m 
Դ  arg?m 
from arguere [to make clear] * see  argue 
Դ arguere [Ū] *μ argue
?
argument,dispute,controversy
These nouns denote discussion involving conflicting points of view.
Щʾָвͬ۵ۡ
 Argument   stresses the advancement by each side of facts and reasons buttressing its contention and intended to persuade the other side: 
 Argument  ǿʵ֧Լ۵㲢ͼ˵ԷĽչ 
Emotions are seldom swayed by argument.
֤Ӱ졣
Dispute   stresses division of opinion by its implication of contradictory points of view and often implies animosity: 
Dispute  ǿ漰໥ìܵĹ۵ϵķ磬⣺ 
A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract.
Աºͬִ
Controversy   is especially applicable to major differences of opinion involving large groups of people rather than individuals: 
Controversy  ָˣǸڹ۵ϴڵķ磺 
The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy. 
ʹúһ㷺⡣ 

= =
arise
a.rise
AHD:[-roz] 
D.J.[*6ra!z]
K.K.[*6ra!z]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
a.rose[-r?z] a.ris.en[-r1zn] a.ris.ing,a.ris.es 
To get up, as from a sitting or prone position; rise.
 һŻŵƣ
To move upward; ascend.

To come into being; originate:
γɣԴԣ
hoped that a new spirit of freedom was arising.
һɵ¾γ
To result, issue, or proceed:
𣬷ԣ
mistakes that arise from a basic misunderstanding.See Synonyms at stem 1
ڻĴμ stem1
?
Middle English arisen 
йӢ arisen 
from Old English 3osan} 
Դ Ӣ 3osan} 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿǰ׺] 
ron [to rise] 
ron [] 

= =
arithmetic
a.rith.me.tic
AHD:[-r1thm1-t1k] 
D.J.[*6r!Gm!t!k]
K.K.[*6r!Gm!t!k]
n.Mathematics ʣѧ 
The mathematics of integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
ʵмӣ˺ͳ
A book on this kind of mathematics.
̿飺
?
Middle English arsmetike, arithmetic 
йӢ arsmetike, arithmetic 
from Old French arismetique 
Դ ŷ arismetique 
from Late Latin arismetica 
Դ  arismetica 
alteration of Latin arithm?a 
  arithm? 
from Greek arithm?? tekhn?} [(the art) of counting] 
Դ ϣ arithm?? tekhn?} [ģ] 
from arithmein [to count] 
Դ arithmein [] 
from arithmos [number] * see  ar- 
Դ arithmos [] *μ ar- 
?
arithmetic
AHD:[2r1th-mt1k]   arith.meti.cal [-1-kl] ݴʣ
arithmetically
adv.ʣ
arithmetician
AHD:[-t1shn] ʣ

= =
arm
arm 1
AHD:[?rm] 
D.J.[$8m]
K.K.[$rm]
n.ʣ
An upper limb of the human body, connecting the hand and wrist to the shoulder.
ּۣ֫ͼ
A part similar to a human arm, such as the forelimb of an animal or a long part projecting from a central support in a machine.
״֫ƵĲ֣綯ǰ֫ϴм֧ŲλĲ
Something, such as a sleeve on a garment or a support on a chair, that is designed to cover or support the human arm.
֣䣺Ըǻ֧첲Ķ·ӻӵķ
A relatively narrow extension jutting out from a large mass:
壺һĽΪխ첿֣
an arm of the sea.See Synonyms at branch 
μ branch
An administrative or functional branch, as of an organization.
ֲһְܷ֧һ֯
Power or authority:
ȨȨ
the long arm of the law.
ɵǿ
?
an arm and a legٵ
An excessively high price:
ǳߵļ۸
a cruise that cost an arm and a leg.
ҪȥöǮĺ
at arm's length
At such a distance that physical or social contact is discouraged:
־룺һ벻Ļ罻ĽӴ
kept the newcomer at arm's length at first.
һʼ˱һ
with open arms
With great cordiality and hospitality.
رͺÿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English earm * see  ar- 
Դ Ӣ earm *μ ar- 
?
arm
arm 2
AHD:[?rm] 
D.J.[$8m]
K.K.[$rm]
n.ʣ
A weapon, especially a firearm:
һָǹ
troops bearing arms; ICBMs, bombs, and other nuclear arms.
ǹʵľӣ޼ʵը
A branch of a military force:
֣һ֧
infantry, armor, and other combat arms.
װױս
arms 
 arms 
Warfare:
ж
a call to arms against the invaders.
ߵս
Military service:
ۣ
several million volunteers under arms; the profession of arms.
۵־Ըְҵ
arms 
 arms 
Heraldry Bearings.
ѧ ͼ
Insignia, as of a state, an official, a family, or an organization.
ңԱͥ֯ģ
v.ʣ
armed,arm.ing,arms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To supply or equip oneself with weaponry.
װԼṩװ
To prepare oneself for warfare or conflict.
սʹԼ׼μսս
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To equip with weapons:
װװ
armed themselves with loaded pistols; arm a missile with a warhead; arm a nation for war.
װӵǹװǣװϵͷȫװԱս
To equip with what is needed for effective action:
ṩ䱸ЧжĶ
tax advisers who were armed with the latest forms.
±˰
To provide with something that strengthens or protects:
бõ䱸ṩǿ򱣻õ䱸
a space reentry vehicle that was armed with a ceramic shield.
ط㺽ع䱸մɱװ
To prepare (a weapon) for use or operation, as by releasing a safety device.
򿪱װãʹڿʹû״̬򿪱װ
?
up in arms
Extremely upset; indignant.
ǳؾɥŭ
?
Middle English armes [weapons] 
йӢ armes [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin arma 
Դ  arma 
V., from Middle English armen 
ʣԴ йӢ armen 
from Old French armer 
Դ ŷ armer 
from Latin arm3e 
Դ  arm3e 
from arma [arms] * see  ar- 
Դ arma [] *μ ar- 
?
armer
n.ʣ
?
ARM
ARM
abbr.
 adjustable-rate mortgage 
adjustable-rate mortgage

= =
army
ar.my
AHD:[?rm?] 
D.J.[6$8mi8]
K.K.[6$rmi]
n.ʣ
 ar.mies 
A large body of people organized and trained for land warfare.
½һ֯ѵڵսԱ
Often Army The entire military land forces of a country.
  Army ½ӣһȫװ
A tactical and administrative military unit consisting of a headquarters, two or more corps, and auxiliary forces.
Ұսӣһ˾ԼľսԺλ
A large group of people organized for a specific cause:
ŶӣΪһרԭ֯ĴԱ
the construction army that built the Panama Canal.
޽˺ӵĽ
A multitude; a host:
Ⱥࣺ
An army of waiters served at the banquet.See Synonyms at multitude 
һԱϷμ multitude
?
Middle English armee 
йӢ armee 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin arm3a 
Դ  arm3a 
from Latin arm3a [feminine past participle of] arm3re [to arm] 
Դ  arm3a  [] arm3reԹȥִ [װ] 
from arma [arms] * see  ar- 
Դ arma [] *μ ar- 

= =
around
a.round
AHD:[-round] 
D.J.[*6ra&nd]
K.K.[*6ra&nd]
adv.ʣ
On all sides:

dirty clothes lying around.
·õ
In close to all sides from all directions:
ܣΧܣ
a field bordered around with tall trees.
ܶǸƵ
In a circle or with a circular motion:
תԲȦĻԲ˶ģ
spun around twice.
תȦ
In circumference or perimeter:
ܳΧĻܱߵģ
a pond two miles around.
һԲӢĳ
In succession or rotation.
Ļѭ
In or toward the opposite direction or position:
ڻ෴λõģ
wheeled around.
ת
To or among various places; here and there:
أڲͬط
wander around.
й
To a specific place:
ȥĳһط
Come around again sometime.
пʱ
In or near one's current location:
أڻӽԼĿǰĵص㣺
waited around for the next flight.
⸽һ
From the beginning to the end:
ʼգ
frigid weather the year around.
һ굽ͷǺ
Approximately; about:
ţԼ
weighed around 30 pounds; around $1.3 billion in debt.
Լ30Լ13ԪǷծ
prep.ʣ
On all sides of:
ܣ
trees around the field.
ǿΧ
In such a position as to encircle or surround:
ƣλƻΧƣ
a sash around the waist.
ʴ
Here and there within; throughout:
ڡڵĸ鼰
on the political stump around the country.
ȫ˵
In the immediate vicinity of; near:
ţڽ
She lives around Norfolk.
סŵ˸
On or to the farther side of:
ڽԶһģԶһģ
the house around the corner.
սǱߵǴ
So as to pass, bypass, or avoid:
ƹͨƹԽ
a way around an obstacle; got around the difficulty somehow.
ƹϰ·跨ܿ
Approximately at:
Լڣ
woke up around seven.
Լߵ
In such a way as to have a basis or center in:
Ϊģĳַʽʹ֮ΪĻģ
an economy focused around farming and light industry.
ũҵṤҵΪľ
adj.ݴʣ
Being in existence:
ģڴУ
Our old dog is no longer around.
ԭĹѾ
Being in evidence; present:
ڳģɿģڡģ
asked if the store manager was around.
һ̵꾭Ƿڳ
?
been aroundʽ
Having had many and varied experiences:
ḻʣзḻͲͬ
a young executive who has been around.
һḻᾭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably a- [in] * see  a- 2
Ϊ a- [ڡ] *μ a-2
round [circle] * see  round 1
round [Χ] *μ round1

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arouse
a.rouse
AHD:[-rouz] 
D.J.[*6ra&z]
K.K.[*6ra&z]
v.ʣ
a.roused,a.rous.ing,a.rous.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To awaken from or as if from sleep.
ѣѻǴ˯л
To stir up; excite:
𣻻
The odd sight aroused our curiosity.See Synonyms at provoke 
ֵľǵĺμ provoke
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become aroused; stir.
ʹѣ
?
From rouse 
Դ rouse
on the model of such pairs as rise , arise  
Ϊԭ rise, arise 
?
arousal
n.ʣ

= =
arrange
ar.range
AHD:[-r3nj] 
D.J.[*6re!nd9]
K.K.[*6rend9]
v.ʣ
ar.ranged,ar.rang.ing,ar.rang.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into a specific order or relation; dispose:
ţųصģУã
arrange shoes in a neat row.
Ьųһ
To plan or prepare for:
ƻ׼
arrange a picnic.
׼һҰ
To bring about an agreement concerning; settle:
ĳ´һ£ȷ
It has been arranged for him by his family to marry a girl of his own class(Edmund Wilson)
ѾͻΪðţҪȢһŵԵŮ(ɡѷ)
Music To reset (a composition) for other instruments or voices or for another style of performance.
֡ ıࣺдĳƷԹߣݳһַݳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an agreement.
һ
To make preparations; plan:
׼ƻ
arrange for a big wedding.
Ϊһʢ׼
?
Middle English arengen 
йӢ arengen 
from Old French arengier 
Դ ŷ arengier 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
rengier [to put in a line]  from reng [line] * see  sker- 2
rengier [ڳһ]  Դ reng [ֱ] *μ sker- 2
?
arranger
n.ʣ
?
arrange,marshal,order,organize,sort,systematize
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to distribute or dispose persons or things properly or methodically: 
Щʹе˼ǡػһ˻ 
arranging figures in numerical sequence;
֣
marshal all the relevant facts for the presentation;
ʱҪõȫйʵ
tried to order my chaotic life;
ͼµ
organizing and coordinating fund-raising efforts;
֯Эļ
sorted the sweaters according to color;
ɫë·ࣻ
systematizing a vast assortment of rules into a cohesive whole. disarrange 
ѴҵĹϵͳ塣 disarrange

= =
arrangement
ar.range.ment
AHD:[-r3njmnt] 
D.J.[*6re!nd9m*nt]
K.K.[*6rend9m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or process of arranging:
ţŵΪ̣
the arrangement of a time and place for the meeting.
ʱ͵صİ
The condition, manner, or result of being arranged; disposal:
Уãʽͽã
provided flowers and saw to their arrangement.
ṩ֤ܲΪǲ
A collection of things that have been arranged:
һкõĶ
the circular arrangement of megaliths called Stonehenge.
ԲеľʯΪʯ
Often arrangements A provision or plan made in preparation for an undertaking:
  arrangements ׼Ϊĳ׼ƻ
made arrangements for surgery.
Ϊ׼
An agreement or settlement; a disposition:
飺Эȷ
Our dog will be looked after by arrangement with a neighbor.
ھЭ̣ǵĹܵ
Music 
֡ 
An adaptation of a composition for other instruments or voices or for another style of performance.
ıࣺΪ߻һַݳƷеĸı
A composition so arranged.
ıɴ˶ı

= =
array
ar.ray
AHD:[-r3] 
D.J.[*6re!]
K.K.[*6re]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ar.rayed,ar.ray.ing,ar.rays 
To set out for display or use; place in an orderly arrangement:
ӣΪչʾʹö𣻰ģΣУ
arrayed the whole regiment on the parade ground.
ı
To dress in finery; adorn.
磬ʢװװ
n.ʣ
An orderly, often imposing arrangement:
һһУģǸûʵУ
an array of royal jewels.
һֵǵ
An impressively large number, as of persons or objects:
ĿĴ˻
an array of heavily armed troops; an array of spare parts.See Synonyms at display 
ȫװĲӣμ display
Splendid attire; finery.
ʢװķ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A rectangular arrangement of quantities in rows and columns, as in a matrix.
飺ΪУΪеľУ
Numerical data linearly ordered by magnitude.
ֵСֱе
Computer Science An arrangement of memory elements in one or several planes.
ѧ 飺һƽеĴ洢Ԫ
?
Middle English arraien 
йӢ arraien 
from Anglo-Norman arraier 
Դ Ӣ arraier 
from Vulgar Latin *arr?3re} * see  reidh- 
Դ  *arr?3re} *μ reidh- 

= =
arrest
ar.rest
AHD:[-rst] 
D.J.[*6rest]
K.K.[*6rWst]
v.ʣ
ar.rest.ed,ar.rest.ing,ar.rests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stop; check:
ֹֹͣ
a brake that automatically arrests motion; arrested the growth of the tumor.
 Զʹ˶ֹͣբֹ
To seize and hold under the authority of law.
ץ
To capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage.
ע⣺ʱסע
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo cardiac arrest:
ֹͣ
The patient arrested en route to the hospital.
ȥҽԺ·ֹͣ
To behave in a certain manner when taken into legal detention:
֣ʱĳַʽԴ
a suspect who did not arrest well.
һֲõɷ
n.ʣ
The act of detaining in legal custody:
вж
the arrest of a criminal suspect.
вһɷ
The state of being so detained:
в״̬
a criminal under arrest.
һѺﷸ
A device for stopping motion, especially of a moving part.
ƶװãֹͣ˶װãָ˶Ĳ
?
Middle English aresten 
йӢ aresten 
from Old French arester 
Դ ŷ arester 
from Vulgar Latin *arrest3e 
Դ  *arrest3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [] 
Latin rest3e [to stand still]  re- [re-]  st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
 rest3e [ֹ]  re- [ٴ]  st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
arrester  
arrestor
n.ʣ
arrestment
n.ʣ

= =
arrival
ar.ri.val
AHD:[-rovl] 
D.J.[*6ra!v*l]
K.K.[*6ra!v*l]
n.Abbr. ar.,arr.ʣд ar.,arr.
The act of arriving.
Ϊ
One that arrives or has arrived.
ߣѵ
The reaching of a goal or an objective as a result of effort or a process:
ﵽĿģΪŬĳ̵ĽﵽĳĿĿģ
our ultimate arrival at a compromise.
յõԵģ

= =
arrive
ar.rive
AHD:[-rov] 
D.J.[*6ra!v]
K.K.[*6ra!v]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ar.rived,ar.riv.ing,ar.rives д ar.,arr.
To reach a destination.
ĳĿĵ
To come at length; take place:

The day of reckoning has arrived.
ʵӵ
To achieve success or recognition:
ɹȡʤϿɣ
He had finally arrived as a designer.
Ϊʦڳɹ
?
arrive at
To reach through effort or a process:
ŬﵽŬһ̴ﵽ
arrive at a decision after much thought.
Ǻ
?
Middle English ariven 
йӢ ariven 
from Old French ariver 
Դ ŷ ariver 
from Vulgar Latin *arro3re} [to reach the shore] 
Դ  *arro3re} [] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin roa [shore] 
 roa [] 
?
arriver
n.ʣ

= =
arrow
ar.row
AHD:[2r?] 
D.J.[6#r*&]
K.K.[6#ro]
n.ʣ
A straight, thin shaft with a pointed head at one end and often flight-stabilizing vanes at the other, meant to be shot from a bow.
һ˴мͷģϸֱˣһ˳ȶеҶԹʽ
Something, such as a directional symbol, that is similar to an arrow in form or function.
ͷηţܻʽƼͷĳָʾķ
?
Middle English arwe 
йӢ arwe 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
Arrow
Ar.row
AHD:[2r?] Kenneth Joseph (Born 1921) 
D.J.[6#r*&]
K.K.[6#ro]
NONE޴ԣ
American economist. He shared a 1972 Nobel Prize for theories that help assess business risks and governmental economic policies.
ޣ˼Լɪ( 1921) ѧҡЭҵպߵ۶1972ŵ

= =
art
art 1
AHD:[?rt] 
D.J.[$8t]
K.K.[$rt]
n.ʣ
Human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature.
˹ģ£䣬ıȻƷ˹
The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colors, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty, specifically the production of the 
beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
еķʽʶɫ״ɷֵĲָû滭ܷʽƯƷ
The study of these activities.
оЩо
The product of these activities; human works of beauty considered as a group.
ƷЩĲƷΪһ˹Ʒ
High quality of conception or execution, as found in works of beauty; aesthetic value.
ĹƷеģѧֵ
A field or category of art, such as music, ballet, or literature.
ģһ֧֣ٻѧ
A nonscientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts.
ѧƣѧʵһַǿѧ֧ĿƵһѧƣ
A system of principles and methods employed in the performance of a set of activities:
һϵжʹõһԭͷ
the art of building.

A trade or craft that applies such a system of principles and methods:
Ӧԭͷְҵգ
the art of the lexicographer.
ֵ
Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation:
գͨѧϰ۲õļɣ
the art of the baker; the blacksmith's art.
ʦļļ
Skill arising from the exercise of intuitive faculties:
ܣڣʹֱļɣ
Self-criticism is an art not many are qualified to practice(Joyce Carol Oates)
һвʤε(˿޶´)
arts Artful devices, stratagems, and tricks.
 arts ƣƻֶΣƺͼı
Artful contrivance; cunning.
ıƻļı
Printing Illustrative material.
ӡˢ ͼ˵ԵĲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ars  art- * see  ar- 
Դ  ars  art- *μ ar- 
?
art,craft,expertise,knack,know-how,technique
The central meaning shared by these nouns is skill in doing or performing that is attained by study, practice, or observation: 
Щʹе˼ǡִʱͨѧϰ۲õļɡ 
the art of expressing oneself clearly;
Լ
pottery that reveals craft and fine workmanship;
չʾպϸƷ
political expertise;
ר
a knack for teaching;
ѧܣ
the know-how to sew one's own clothes;
Լ·ı£
an outstanding keyboard technique. 
ܳļ̼ 
?
art
art 2
AHD:[rt] [?rt] ضʱ 
D.J.[*t][$8t]ضʱ 
K.K.[+t][$rt]ضʱ 
v.Archaic ʣ 
A second person singular present indicative of be 
 beĵڶ˳Ƶڳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English eart * see  er- 1
Դ Ӣ eart *μ er- 1

= =
article
ar.ti.cle
AHD:[?rt1-kl] 
D.J.[6$8t!k*l]
K.K.[6$rt!k*l]
n.Abbr. art.ʣд art.
An individual thing or element of a class; a particular object or item:
һеһ»ɷݣһƷ
an article of clothing; articles of food.
һ·ʳƷ
A particular section or item of a series in a written document, as in a contract, constitution, or treaty.
ļеľ½ڻһϵеͬ³̻Լ
A nonfictional literary composition that forms an independent part of a publication, as of a newspaper or magazine.
£γɳֵһַС˵дʵ£籨־ϵ
Grammar Any of a class of words used to signal nouns and to specify their application. In English, the indefinite articles area  and an  and the definite article is the.  
﷨ ڴʣκʲ˵÷ĴʡӢУڴa  an ڴ the  
A particular part or subject; a specific matter or point.
㣺ĲֻĿĳҪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ar.ti.cled,ar.ti.cling,ar.ti.cles 
To bind by articles set forth in a contract, such as one of apprenticeship.
ԼԼй涨ԼһԼѧͽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin articulus [part] [diminutive of] artus [joint] * see  ar- 
Դ  articulus []  [] artusС׺ [] *μ ar- 

= =
articulate
ar.tic.u.late
AHD:[?r-t1ky-l1t] 
D.J.[$86t!kj*l!t]
K.K.[$r6t!kj*l!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Endowed with the power of speech.
˵
Composed of distinct, meaningful syllables or words, as human speech.
ģģڻ򵥴ɵģ
Expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language:
ڱģԱԼģ
an articulate speaker.
ڲźõݽ
Characterized by the use of clear, expressive language:
ģʹģ
an articulate essay.

Anatomy Consisting of sections united by joints; jointed.
ѧ ɹؽӵģɹؽɲֵģӵ
v.ʣ
ar.tic.u.lat.ed,ar.tic.u.lat.ing,ar.tic.u.lates[?r-t1ky-l3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate.
غϸط
To utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech organs.
ͨʹٵıҪ˶
To express in coherent verbal form; give words to:
ʽ˵
couldn't articulate my fears.
ԱҵĿ־
To fit together into a coherent whole; unify:
ʹ᣺ʹ໥ϵͳʹһ壺
articulate statewide nursing programs.
ͳһƶȫΧĻƻ
Anatomy To unite by forming a joint or joints.
ѧ ӣͨӺһؽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To speak clearly and distinctly.
غؽ
To utter a speech sound.

Anatomy To form a joint; be jointed:
ѧ ӣӺһؽڣӣ
The thighbone articulates with the bones of the hip.
ɹŹǹؽ
?
Latin articul3s [past participle of] articul3re [to divide into joints, utter distinctly] 
 articul3s  [] articul3reĹȥִ [ֳСڣط] 
from articulus [small joint] * see  article 
Դ articulus [Сؽ] *μ article
?
articulately
adv.ʣ
articulateness  
articulacy
n.ʣ

= =
artificial
ar.ti.fi.cial
AHD:[?rt-f1shl] 
D.J.[7$8t*6f!.*l]
K.K.[7$rt*6f!.*l]
adj.Abbr. art.ݴʣд art.
Made by human beings; produced rather than natural.
˹ģ˹Ƴɵģ˹Ȼ
Brought about or caused by sociopolitical or other human-generated forces or influences:
ΪģλΪӰɵģ
set up artificial barriers against women and minorities; an artificial economic boom.
ӸŮΪϰΪľ÷
Made in imitation of something natural; simulated.
ģģȻĶģģµ
Not genuine or natural:
ٵģʵȻģ
an artificial smile.
Ȼ΢Ц
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin artifici3s [belonging to art] 
Դ  artifici3s [] 
from artificium [craftsmanship] * see  artifice 
Դ artificium [] *μ artifice
?
artificiality
AHD:[-f1sh?-2l1-t?] ʣ
artificially
adv.ʣ
?
artificial,synthetic,ersatz,simulated
These adjectives are compared as they refer to what is made by human beings rather than natural in origin.Of these termsartificial  is broadest in meaning and connotation:  
Щݴָ˹ƳɶԴȻĶʱһȽϡЩartificial ˼ͺõ㣺  
an artificial sweetener;
˹
artificial flowers.
컨
Synthetic   often implies the use of a chemical process to produce a substance that will look or function like the original, often with certain advantages, such as enhanced durability or 
convenience of use or care: 
Synthetic  ָʹûѧӦһֿԭĶĳֳûʹúͱ㣺 
synthetic rubber;
ϳ𽺣
a synthetic fabric. Anersatz  product is a transparently inferior imitation:  
ϳά ersatz ƷһԵĵ͵Ʒ  
ersatz coffee;
쿧ȣ
ersatz mink.
Ƥ
Simulated   refers to what is made to resemble or substitute for another often costlier substance: 
Simulated  ָһĻһ־ǰĶ 
 a purse of simulated alligator hide;
¶ƤǮ
simulated mahogany paneling. 
ºľ塣 

= =
artist
art.ist
AHD:[?rt1st] 
D.J.[6$8t!st]
K.K.[6$rt!st]
n.Abbr. art.ʣд art.
One, such as a painter or sculptor, who is able by virtue of imagination and talent to create works of aesthetic value, especially in the fine arts.
ңܹͨ츳ѧֵƷˣ续һܼңָ֣ںõƷ
A person whose work shows exceptional creative ability or skill:
֣֣һչʾɵˣ
You are an artist in the kitchen.
һλ⿴ʦ
One, such as an actor or a singer, especially one who works in the performing arts.
ңָڱˣԱ質
One who is adept at an activity, especially one involving trickery or deceit:
ƭӣóĳˣָƻթйģ
a con artist.
ƭ
?
French artiste 
 artiste 
from Old French [lettered person] 
Դ ŷ [ѧʵ] 
from Medieval Latin artista 
Դ  artista 
from Latin ars  art- * see  ar- 
Դ  ars  art- *μ ar- 

= =
artistic
ar.tis.tic
AHD:[?r-t1st1k] 
D.J.[$86t!st!k]
K.K.[$r6t!st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to art or artists:
ģҵģҵйصģ
the artistic community.

Sensitive to or appreciative of art or beauty:
еĻģ
an artistic temperament.
ҵ
Showing imagination and skill:
ʾģʾɵģ
an artistic design.
ͼ
?
artistically
adv.ʣ

= =
as
as 1
AHD:[2z] [z] ضʱ 
D.J.[#z][*z]ضʱ 
K.K.[#z][*z]ضʱ 
adv.ʣ
To the same extent or degree; equally:
ͬȵأһأͬһ޶Ȼ̶ȵأͬȵأ
The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.
⺢Ӹ質ͬҹݺת
For instance:
磺
large carnivores, as the bear or lion.
ʳ⶯ܻʨ
When taken into consideration in a specified relation or form:
ΪرĹϵʽмԿʱ
this definition as distinguished from the second one.
ڶ
conj.Ӵʣ
To the same degree or quantity that. Often used as a correlative afterso  or as : 
ͬͬȵĳ̶Ȼʺso  as  
You are as sweet as sugar. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
ۡβ˵
In the same manner or way that:
ͬʽͬ
Think as I think.
ȥ
At the same time that; while:
ͬʱʱ
slipped on the ice as I ran home.
ܻؼʱڱϻһ
For the reason that; because:
ڣΪ
went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
˯磬ΪҾƣ
With the result that:

He was so foolish as to lie.
̫ɵŻ
Though:
ܣ
Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.
λ߾˲𣬵ͷȴһ¿ƻƣȴ
In accordance with which or with the way in which:
ݻһ
The hotel is quite comfortable as such establishments go. The sun is hot, as everyone knows.
豸ԣù൱ʡ̫ǳȣһ֪
Informal That:
ʽ ൱that
I don't know as I can answer your question.
Ҳ֪ܷش
pron.ʣ
That; which; who. Used aftersame  or such : 
thatwhichwhosame  such  
I received the same grade as you did.
Һ÷һ
Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. Who, whom, which, or that:
ϲ whowhomwhichthat
Those as want to can come with me.
ȥĿԺͬȥ
prep.ʣ
In the role, capacity, or function of:
ԡݣΪ䵱ɫݻܵģ
acting as a mediator.
䵱
In a manner similar to; the same as:
Ƶķʽͬ
On this issue they thought as one.
ϣһ
?
as isʽ
Just the way it is, with no changes or modifications:
״ַʽӸıΣ
bought the samovar as is from an antique dealer.
ԭⲻشӹŶ׶ʽ
as it were
In a manner of speaking; as if such were so.
˵ķʽƺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ealsw3} * see  also 
Դ Ӣ ealsw3} *μ also
?
Traditionally, a distinction has been drawn between comparisons usingas . . . as  and comparisons using so . . . as.  Theso . . . as  construction is traditionally required in negative 
sentences ( as in Shakespeare's 'tis not so deep as a well ), in questions (as inIs it so bad as she says? ), and in certainif  clauses (as in If it is so bad as you say, you ought to 
leave ). But thisso . . . as  construction is becoming increasingly rare in American English, and the use ofas . . . as  is now entirely acceptable in all contexts.  In a comparison 
involving bothas . . . as  and than,   the secondas  should be retained in written style. One writesHe is as smart as, or smarter than, his brother,  not He is as smart or smarter than his 
brother,   which is considered unacceptable in formal style. In many dialects,as  is used in place of that  in sentences like We are not sure as we want to go  or It's not certain as he 
left.   This construction is not sufficiently well established to be used in writing. As  should be preceded by a comma when it expresses a causal relation, as inShe won't be coming, 
as we didn't invite her.   When used to express a time relation,as  is not preceded by a comma:  
ͳ÷asas ȽϺ soas Ƚ϶б soas ṹͳڷ񶨾䣬 ɯʿǡ羮  ʾУ˵?  ĳ
Щif ӾУ ˵㣬͸뿪  soas ṹӢټ ﾳʹasas ȫԽܵġ asas  than ͬʱ
Ƚʱ Уڶas Ӧñ һдHe is as smart asor smarter thanhis brotherֵһˣ Ӧд He is as smart 
or smarter than his brother  ʽļбΪǲɽܵġںܶ෽Уas  that  We are not sure as we want to go  It's not certain as he left  ֽṹ
вas ʾһϵʱǰӦжţ She won't be coming, as we didn't invite herΪû  ڱʾʱϵʱas 
ǰûжţ  
She was finishing the painting as I walked into the room. 
She was finishing the painting as I walked into the room߽ʱպû껭 
 When a clause introduced byas  begins a sentence, care should be taken that it is clear whether as  is used to mean because or at the same time as. The sentenceAs they 
were leaving, I walked to the door  may mean either that I walked to the door because they left or at the same time that they were leaving.  As  is sometimes used superfluously to 
introduce the complements of verbs like consider, deem,  and account,   as inThey considered it as one of the landmark decisions of the civil rights movement. The measure was 
deemed as unnecessary.  This usage may have arisen by analogy toregard  and esteem,   whereas  is standardly used in this way:  
as һӾλھʱӦעŪ as Ǳʾԭ򡱻Ǳʾ롭ͬʱ As they were leavingI walked to the door ȿɱʾſȥΪ뿪
Ҳɱʾ뿪ʱſȥ as ʱ׸ãʵĲɷ consider,deem  account  ǽΪȨ˶̱ Ϊ˲׼
Ҫ ÷ҲԴڴʵ÷regard  esteem  ڴas ʽ÷Ǳ׼ģ  
We regarded her as the best writer among us. 
Ϊõҡ 
 But the use ofas  with verbs like consider  is not sufficiently well established to be acceptable in writing. See Usage Note at because ,equal ,like 2so 1than 
as 붯 consider вȫǽܡ μ because,equal,like2so1than
?
as
as 2
AHD:[2s] 
D.J.[#s]
K.K.[#s]
n.ʣ
 as.ses[2s?z, 2s1z]  
An ancient Roman coin of copper or copper alloy.
˹һͭӲһͭϽӲ
An ancient Roman unit of weight equal to about one troy pound.
˹һλԼһ
?
Latin 3s 
 3s 
?
As
As
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element arsenic 
 Ԫarsenicķ 
?
AS
AS
abbr.
Also a/s  Air speed. 
 Ҳ a/s Air speed.
 American Samoa 
American Samoa
Also A.S.  Anglo-Saxon. 
 Ҳ A.S. Anglo-Saxon.
 Antisubmarine. 
Antisubmarine.
Associate in Science.
Эʿ
?
as
.as
abbr.
 American Samoa [in Internet addresses] 
American Samoa[in Internet addresses] 

= =
ascend
as.cend
AHD:[-snd] 
D.J.[*6send]
K.K.[*6sWnd]
v.ʣ
as.cend.ed,as.cend.ing,as.cends 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or move upward; rise.See Synonyms at rise 
߻ƶμ rise
To slope upward.
£б
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move upward upon or along; climb:
ʵǣڡ֮ƶءƶʵǣ
ascended the mountain.
ɽ
To succeed to; occupy:
̳Уռ죺
ascended the throne upon the death of her father.
ȥ̳λ
?
Middle English ascenden 
йӢ ascenden 
from Old French ascendre 
Դ ŷ ascendre 
from Latin ascendere 
Դ  ascendere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
scandere [to climb] * see  skand- 
scandere [] *μ skand- 
?
ascendable  
ascendible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
ascertain
as.cer.tain
AHD:[2sr-t3n] 
D.J.[7#s*6te!n]
K.K.[7#s+6ten]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.cer.tained,as.cer.tain.ing,as.cer.tains 
To discover with certainty, as through examination or experimentation.See Synonyms at discover 
Ū壺ʵͨμ discover
Archaic To make certain, definite, and precise.
 ʹ϶ȷ;ȷ
?
Middle English acertainen [to inform] 
йӢ acertainen [֪ͨ] 
from Old French acertener  ascertain- 
Դ ŷ acertener  ascertain- 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- []  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
certain [certain] * see  certain 
certain [ȷ] *μ certain
?
ascertainable
adj.ݴʣ
ascertainableness
n.ʣ
ascertainably
adv.ʣ
ascertainment
n.ʣ

= =
ascribe
as.cribe
AHD:[-skrob] 
D.J.[*6skra!b]
K.K.[*6skra!b]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.cribed,as.crib.ing,as.cribes 
To attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin:
᣺ĳһԭԴԴ
ascribed the poor harvest to drought.See Synonyms at attribute 
Ǹչڸɺμ attribute
To assign as a quality or characteristic:
ΪһƷʻ
ascribed jealousy to the critics.
ڼ
?
Middle English ascriben 
йӢ ascriben 
from Old French ascrivre 
Դ ŷ ascrivre 
from Latin ascroe 
Դ  ascroe 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
scroe [to write] * see  skrobh- 
scroe [д] *μ skrobh- 

= =
ash
ash 1
AHD:[2sh] 
D.J.[#.]
K.K.[#.]
n.ʣ
The grayish-white to black powdery residue left when something is burned.
ҽңĳֶȼպʣµĻҰɫɫĩ״
Geology Pulverized particulate matter ejected by volcanic eruption.
ѧ ɽңɽķĩ״
ashes Ruins:
 ashes 棺
the ashes of a lost culture.
һʧ˵Ļż
ashes Human remains, especially after cremation or decay.
 ashes ǻң˵źָڻ𻯻ú
?
Middle English asshe 
йӢ asshe 
from Old English ?sce * see  as- 
Դ Ӣ ?sce *μ as- 
?
ash
ash 2
AHD:[2sh] 
D.J.[#.]
K.K.[#.]
n.ʣ
Any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental or timber trees of the genusFraxinus,  having opposite, pinnately compound leaves, clusters of small flowers, and one-seeded winged 
fruits. 
һҶԹͻľľ ж״ҶСػ䣬͵ 
The strong, elastic wood of this tree, used for furniture, tool handles, and sporting goods such as baseball bats.
ľļӲеԵľģڣҾߡ߱˶ĵ
Linguistics The letter?  in Old English and some modern phonetic alphabets, representing the vowel sound of Modern English ash.  
ѧ ַĸ' ڹӢһЩִУִӢеԪ ash  
?
Middle English asshe 
йӢ asshe 
from Old English ?sc 
Դ Ӣ ?sc 

= =
ashamed
a.shamed
AHD:[-sh3md] 
D.J.[*6.e!md]
K.K.[*6.emd]
adj.ݴʣ
Feeling shame or guilt:
ģеģ
Are you ashamed for having lied?
˻Ѹе?
Feeling inferior, inadequate, or embarrassed:
ģеˣȵģ
ashamed of my torn coat.
ƾɵ¸е߳
Reluctant through fear of humiliation or shame:
߳ܵģ߶Ըģ
ashamed to ask for help.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 3d [past participle of] 3sceamian [to feel shame] 
Դ Ӣ 3d  [] 3sceamianĹȥִ [е] 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿԵǰ׺] 
sceamian [to feel shame] 
sceamian [е] 

= =
aside
a.side
AHD:[-sod] 
D.J.[*6sa!d]
K.K.[*6sa!d]
adv.ʣ
To or toward the side:
һߣһߣ
step aside.
վԱ
Out of one's thoughts or mind:
뷨ĳ˵뷨˼룺
put my doubts aside.
Ҳ
Apart:
뿪
a day set aside for relaxing.
һϢ
In reserve; away:
棻
put a little money aside.
һǮ
Set out of the way; dispensed with:
ȥ
All joking aside, can you swim 15 miles?
ЦЦʮӢ
n.ʣ
A piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage.
԰ףֻ˵ڶΪ̨ԱһζԻ
A remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to others nearby.
˽С˵ԲԱĻ
A parenthetical departure; a digression.
⻰

= =
ask
ask
AHD:[2sk] 
D.J.[#sk]
K.K.[#sk]
v.ʣ
asked,ask.ing,asks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a question to.
ѯ
To seek an answer to:
ԡʣ
ask a question.

To seek information about:
йء
asked directions.
ʷ
To make a request of or for:
Ҫ
asked me for money; asking a favor.
ҪǮæ
To require or call for as a price or condition:
ۣҪãȡҪΪһ۸
asked ten dollars for the book.
ⱾҪʮԪ
To expect or demand:
ڴҪ
ask too much of a child.
Ҫ
To invite:
룺
asked them to dinner.
ǳԷ
Archaic To publish, as marriage banns.
 Ԥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make inquiry; seek information.
ѯѯʡϢ
To make a request:

asked for help.
æ
?
ask for it 
ask for trouble ʽ
To persist in an action despite the likelihood that it will result in difficulty or punishment.
ֿԣ鷳ĳһΪһжܵͷ
?
Middle English asken 
йӢ asken 
from Old English 3n * see  ais- 
Դ Ӣ 3n *μ ais- 
?
ask,question,inquire,query,interrogate,examine,quiz
These verbs mean to seek information from a person.
Щʶָĳ˴Ϣ
 Ask   is the most neutral term: 
 Ask  ԵĴʣ 
asked her what was wrong;
ʲôˣ
asked the way to the library;
ȥͼݵ·
ask too many questions.
̫⡣
Question   often implies the asking of a series of questions, as in determining the scope of a problem: 
Question  һϵ˼һ޶صϣ 
The prosecutor questioned the witness in great detail.
ϸѯ֤ˡ
Inquire,  which often implies a comprehensive search for knowledge or truth, in this sense refers to a simple request for information: 
Inquire  ͨж֪ʶȫ̽˼ϣָĳѯ 
inquired where the books were kept;
ѯЩţ
will inquire how we can be of help;
ѯܰæ
inquired about her health.
ѯĽ
Query   usually suggests questioning to settle a doubt: 
Query  ѯԽŵ˼ 
The proofreader queried the spelling of the word.
УԱʵƴдʡ
Interrogate,   a more formal word, applies especially to official questioning: 
Interrogate  һȽʽĴʣָʽʣ 
The suspects were called in and interrogated by detectives.
ɷ˽̽ǽʡ
Examine   refers particularly to close and detailed questioning to ascertain the extent of a person's knowledge or the adequacy of his or her qualifications: 
Examine  ָϸ΢ϸȷĳ˵֪ʶΧʸǷϣ 
At the end of the semester students are examined in every subject.
ѧĩѧǵÿſζ˿ԡ
Only lawyers who have been examined and certified by the bar association are admitted to practice.
ֻͨʦЭῼԲ֤ʦܿҵ
Quiz   is used most frequently to denote the informal examination of students to verify their comprehension of classwork or reading: 
Quiz  ָѧķʽ֤ʵǶݺĶ 
The teacher quizzed the pupils on the multiplication tables. 
ʦѧǶԳ˷ա 

= =
asleep
a.sleep
AHD:[-sl?p] 
D.J.[*6sli8p]
K.K.[*6slip]
adj.ݴʣ
In a state of sleep; sleeping.
˯ŵģ˯״̬ģ˯
Inactive; dormant.
Ծģߵ
Indifferent:
䵭ģ
politicians who are asleep to the needs of their constituents.
ѡҪĮĵ
Numb:
ľģ
My leg is asleep.
ҵľ
Dead.

adv.ʣ
In or into a state of sleep.
˯ŵģڻ˯״̬
In or into a state of apathy or indifference.
ڻľʻĮĵ״̬
Into the sleep of the dead.


= =
aspect
as.pect
AHD:[2spkt] 
D.J.[6#spekt]
K.K.[6#spWkt]
n.ʣ
A particular look or facial expression; mien:
ò飺һرӻò飻ò
He was serious of aspect but wholly undistinguished(Louis Auchincloss)
ɫϾȴһӹ˶ѡ(·˹½˹)
Appearance to the eye, especially from a specific vantage point.
۵㣺۾ָһ
A way in which something can be viewed by the mind:
ӵ㣬ǶȣĳͨԱķʽ
looked at all aspects of the situation.See Synonyms at phase 
ӲͬǶȿμ phase
A position facing or commanding a given direction; exposure.
λٻһָλãλ
A side or surface facing in a particular direction:
λһ巽һһ棺
the ventral aspect of the body.
ĸ
The configuration of the stars or planets in relation to one another.
λлǵ໥λ
This configuration, thought by astrologers to influence human affairs.
ˣ໥λãռΪӰ»
Grammar A category of the verb designating primarily the relation of the action to the passage of time, especially in reference to completion, duration, or repetition.
﷨ ʵģ壺һֶʷ룬Ҫָʱ֮Ĺϵָɡظ״̬
Archaic An act of looking or gazing.
 ӵΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin aspectus [a view] [from past participle of] aspicere [to look at] 
Դ  aspectus []  [] ԴaspicereĹȥִ [] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
specere [to look] * see  spek- 
specere [ȥ] *μ spek- 

= =
assault
as.sault
AHD:[-s?lt] 
D.J.[*6s%8lt]
K.K.[*6s%lt]
n.ʣ
A violent physical or verbal attack.
ͷϵĹ
A military attack, such as one launched against a fortified area or place.
¹ҪطĹ
The concluding stage of an attack in which close combat occurs with the enemy.
ͻ¹չⲫ׶
Law 
ɡ 
An unlawful threat or attempt to do bodily injury to another.
ַǷŻͼ˽˺
The act or an instance of unlawfully threatening or attempting to injure another.
ַΪǷ˻ͼ˺˵Ϊʵ
Law Sexual assault.
ɡ ɧ
The crime of rape.
ǿ
v.ʣ
as.sault.ed,as.sault.ing,as.saults 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make an assault upon; attack.See Synonyms at attack 
йϮμ attack
To rape.
ǿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an assault.

?
Middle English assaut 
йӢ assaut 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *assaltus 
Դ  *assaltus 
variant of Latin assultus [from past participle of] assilore [to jump on] * see  assail 
  assultusı  [] ԴassiloreĹȥִ [ͻȻϮ] *μ assail
?
assaulter
n.ʣ

= =
assemble
as.sem.ble
AHD:[-smbl] 
D.J.[*6semb*l]
K.K.[*6sWmb*l]
v.ʣ
as.sem.bled,as.sem.bling,as.sem.bles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring or call together into a group or whole:
ټϻټһΪһ壺
assembled the jury.
ټ
To fit together the parts or pieces of:
װ䣺װһ
assemble a machine; assemble data.
װ㼯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather together; congregate.See Synonyms at gather 
ϣۼһ𣻾ۼμ gather
?
Middle English assemblen 
йӢ assemblen 
from Old French assembler 
Դ ŷ assembler 
from Vulgar Latin *assimul3e 
Դ  *assimul3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin simul [together] * see  sem- 1
 simul [һ] *μ sem- 1

= =
assembly
as.sem.bly
AHD:[-smbl?] 
D.J.[*6sembli8]
K.K.[*6sWmbli]
n.ʣ
 as.sem.blies д assy.
The act of assembling.
᣺Ϊ
The state of being assembled.
ھۼ״̬
A group of persons gathered together for a common reason, as for a legislative, religious, educational, or social purpose.
ߣΪһͬɣΪģڽ̵ģĻĿľۼһ
Assembly The lower house of the legislature in certain U.S. states.
 Assembly ᣺ĳЩصԺ
The putting together of manufactured parts to make a completed product, such as a machine or an electronic circuit.
װĲװһʹ֮ΪһƷ·
A set of parts so assembled.
װһװĲ
A signal by bugle or drum for troops to come together in formation.
ϺţϹģӼʱԴŻķź
Computer Science The automatic translation of symbolic code into machine code.
ѧ ࣺϢԵԶת

= =
assess
as.sess
AHD:[-ss] 
D.J.[*6ses]
K.K.[*6sWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.sessed,as.sess.ing,as.sess.es 
To estimate the value of (property) for taxation.
ۣΪ˰Ʋļֵ
To set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine).
ȷȷĳѣ˰򷣿Ľ
To charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine.
˰ԣĳ˻Ʋã˰򷣿
To determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise.See Synonyms at estimate 
ۣĳļ̶ֵȣμ estimate
?
Middle English assessen 
йӢ assessen 
from Old French assesser 
Դ ŷ assesser 
from Latin assid?e  assess- [to sit by as an assistant judge] 
Դ  assid?e  assess- [ΪԹ] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
sed?e [to sit] * see  sed- 
sed?e [] *μ sed- 
?
assessable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
asset
as.set
AHD:[2st] 
D.J.[6#s7et]
K.K.[6#s7Wt]
n.ʣ
A useful or valuable quality, person, or thing; an advantage or a resource:
Դŵ㣺õĻмֵƷ£˻ƻʲƣ
An agreeable personality is a great asset; proved herself an asset to the company.
˵Ըһܴŵ㣻֤Լǹ˾ѵ֮
A valuable item that is owned.
ʲһмֵ
A spy working in his or her own country and controlled by the enemy:
ΪԼҹļ
One of our assets working out of Leningrad managed to take a drive out of town(Frederick Forsyth)
չһ跨ݳǡ(׵ˡ˼)
assets 
 assets 
Accounting The entries on a balance sheet showing all properties, tangible and intangible, and claims against others that may be applied, directly or indirectly, to cover the liabilities of 
a person or business, such as cash, stock, and goodwill.
ѧ ʲծʲծĿʲʲԼֱӻӶ˲ȨҪģԳĳ˻ҵծֽԭϺ
The entire property owned by a person, especially a bankrupt, that can be used to settle debts.
ծʲĳָƲӵеĿծȫƲ
?
Back-formation from English assets [sufficient goods to settle a testator's debts and legacies] 
Դ Ӣ assets湹 [㹻ƷԽ˵ծŲ] 
from Anglo-Norman asetz 
Դ Ӣ asetz 
from asez [enough] 
Դ asez [㹻] 
from Vulgar Latin *ad satis [to sufficiency] 
Դ  *ad satis [㹻] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
satis [enough] * see  s3- 
satis [㹻] *μ s3- 

= =
assign
as.sign
AHD:[-son] 
D.J.[*6sa!n]
K.K.[*6sa!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.signed,as.sign.ing,as.signs 
To set apart for a particular purpose; designate.
ɣΪĳһضĿķָֿ
To select for a duty or office; appoint.
ѡɣΪĳѡɣί
To give out as a task; allot.
Ϊֳ
To ascribe; attribute.
ڣ
Law To transfer (property, rights, or interests) from one to another.
ɡ ѣƲȨϢһתøһ
To place (a person or a military unit) under a specific command.
ѡƣѣĳ˻ĳӣض
n.Law ʣɡ 
An assignee.

?
Middle English assignen 
йӢ assignen 
from Old French assigner 
Դ ŷ assigner 
from Latin assign3e 
Դ  assign3e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
sign3e [to mark]  from signum [sign] * see  sek w- 1
sign3e []  Դ signum [Ǻ] *μ sek w- 1
?
assignability
n.ʣ
assignable
adj.ݴʣ
assignably
adv.ʣ
assigner
n.ʣ
?
assign,allot,apportion,allocate
These verbs mean to set aside or give out in portions or shares.Bothassign,  which applies to an authoritative act, and allot  refer to arbitrary distribution, but neither implies equality or 
fairness of division: 
ЩָӱݶַȨΪassign  allot ָط䣬 ʶûзƽȻƽĺ⣺ 
The hardest work was assigned to the strongest laborers.
صĹǿ׳͹
We allot a half hour a day for recreation. Toapportion  is to divide according to prescribed rules and implies fair distribution:  
ÿСʱΪʱ䡣 apportion ָѶ򻮷ֲйƽ˼  
The first duty of a legislator is to apportion penalties  (Walter Savage Landor).
 ߵĵһǷ̷ ֶءά桤
 Allocate   usually means to set something apart from a larger quantity, as of money, for a specific purpose or for a particular person or group: 
 Allocate  ָΪһضĿģһ˻һ˽ĳһִһзֳǮ 
A portion of the budget was allocated for the education of each student. See also Synonyms at  attribute 
ԤһֱֳÿһѧĽá μͬ attribute

= =
assignment
as.sign.ment
AHD:[-sonmnt] 
D.J.[*6sa!nm*nt]
K.K.[*6sa!nm*nt]
n.Abbr. asg.,asgmt.ʣд asg.,asgmt.
The act of assigning.
䣺Ϊ
Something, such as a task, that is assigned.See Synonyms at task 
񣺱ɵ飬һμ task
A position or post of duty to which one is assigned.
ĳ˱ɵְ
Law 
ɡ 
The transfer of a claim, right, interest, or property from one to another.
תãҪȨƲһתƵһ
The instrument by which this transfer is effected.
תʵʩתõ

= =
assimilate
as.sim.i.late
AHD:[-s1m-l3t] 
D.J.[*6s!m*7le!t]
K.K.[*6s!m*7let]
v.ʣ
as.sim.i.lat.ed,as.sim.i.lat.ing,as.sim.i.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Physiology 
ѧ 
To consume and incorporate nutrients into the body after digestion.
գӪĲ
To transform (food) into living tissue by the process of anabolism; metabolize constructively.
ͨϳɴл̽ʳת֯ȥṹ³´л
To incorporate and absorb into the mind:
Ϻյԣ
assimilate knowledge.
֪ʶ
To make similar; cause to resemble.
ʹͬʹ
Linguistics To alter (a sound) by assimilation.
ѧ ͬһ
To absorb (immigrants or a culturally distinct group) into the prevailing culture.
ѣĻɫȺ壩ͬʢеĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become assimilated.
ѱ
?
Middle English assimilaten 
йӢ assimilaten 
from Latin assimil3e  assimil3t- [to make similar to] 
Դ  assimil3e  assimil3t- [ʹ롭] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
similis [like] * see  sem- 1
similis [] *μ sem- 1
?
assimilator
n.ʣ

= =
assist
as.sist
AHD:[-s1st] 
D.J.[*6s!st]
K.K.[*6s!st]
v.ʣ
as.sist.ed,as.sist.ing,as.sists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give help or support to, especially as a subordinate or supplement; aid:
ָ֧֣Ϊλ򲹳ͣ
The clerk assisted the judge by looking up related precedents. Her breathing was assisted by a respirator.
λǹЭλٲйҪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give aid or support.See Synonyms at help 
Ԯֲ֧μ help
To be present, as at a conference.
ϯڳϯ
n.ʣ
An act of giving aid; help.
Ϊ
Sports 
˶ 
A fielding and throwing of a baseball in such a way that enables a teammate to put out a runner.
ɱʹͬӻһ߽ڵػ׳
A pass of a basketball or an ice hockey puck that enables a teammate to score a goal.
ɱдʹͬӻ÷
The action of a soccer player who enables a teammate to score by presenting the ball for a goal.
ɱ߸ͬӻŵΪ
Official credit that is given for such an act.
ΪĹٷ
A mechanical device providing aid.
еװãṩĻе豸
?
Middle English assisten 
йӢ assisten 
from Old French assister 
Դ ŷ assister 
from Latin assistere 
Դ  assistere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
sistere [to stand] * see  st3- 
sistere [վ] *μ st3- 
?
assister
n.ʣ

= =
assistant
as.sis.tant
AHD:[-s1stnt] 
D.J.[*6s!st*nt]
K.K.[*6s!st*nt]
n.Abbr. asst.ʣд asst.
One that assists; a helper.
֣ṩˣ
adj.ݴʣ
Holding an auxiliary position; subordinate.
ģڴλģ
Giving aid; auxiliary.
Эģ
?
assistant,aide,coadjutant,coadjutor,helper,lieutenant,second
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a person who holds a position auxiliary to another and assumes some of his or her responsibilities: 
Щʵ˼ǡһ˶һԴڴλеΡ 
an editorial assistant;
༭
a senator's aide;
Ա֣
the general's coadjutant;
֣
a bishop's coadjutor;

a teacher's helper;
ʦ֣
a politician's lieutenant;
μҵ
a prizefighter's second. 
ְҵȭֵ֡ 

= =
associate
as.so.ci.ate
AHD:[-s?sh?-3t, -s?-] 
D.J.[*6s*&.i87e!t, -si8-]
K.K.[*6so.i7et, -si-]
v.ʣ
as.so.ci.at.ed,as.so.ci.at.ing,as.so.ci.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To join as a partner, ally, or friend.
ϻӪΪϻˣͬ˻Ѽ
To connect or join together; combine.
ϣϣһ𣻺ϲ
To connect in the mind or imagination:
룺ϵ
I always somehow associate Chatterton with autumn(John Keats)
ôܰѲضһ(Լô)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To join in or form a league, union, or association.See Synonyms at join 
ˣγһˡ֯μ join
To keep company.
ͬ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-1t, -3t] д assoc.
A person united with another or others in an act, an enterprise, or a business; a partner or colleague.
ϻˣһһжУһҵһҵһ˻һˣͬ
A companion; a comrade.
£ͬ־
One that habitually accompanies or is associated with another; an attendant circumstance.
ϰһϵˣ
A member of an institution or society who is granted only partial status or privileges.
Ա壺һЭֻвֵλȨĳԱ
Often Associate A degree conferred by a two-year college after the prescribed course of study has been successfully completed:
  Associate רҵ֤飺Բй涨γ̺ѧλ
an Associate in Arts.
ר
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t, -3t] 
Joined with another or others and having equal or nearly equal status:
ϵģһ˻˲ͬȻ򼸺ͬȵλ
an associate editor.

Having partial status or privileges:
вֵλȨģ
an associate member of the club.
ֲԱ
Following or accompanying; concomitant.
Ļģ
?
Middle English associaten 
йӢ associaten 
from Latin associ3e  associ3t- 
Դ  associ3e  associ3t- 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
socius [companion] * see  sek w- 1
socius [] *μ sek w- 1

= =
association
as.so.ci.a.tion
AHD:[-s?s?-3shn, -sh?-] 
D.J.[*7s*&si86e!.*n, -.i8-]
K.K.[*7sosi6e.*n, -.i-]
n.ʣ
The act of associating or the state of being associated.
ϵϵΪڱϵ״̬
Abbr. assn.,assoc.An organized body of people who have an interest, an activity, or a purpose in common; a society.
д assn.,assoc.Э᣺йͬȤĿĵ֯Ⱥ壻ѧ
A mental connection or relation between thoughts, feelings, ideas, or sensations.
룺˼롢顢۵о֮ϵ
A remembered or imagined feeling, emotion, idea, or sensation linked to a person, object, or idea.
룺ָһˡ۵ϵһļеĻĸ顢С۵о
Chemistry Any of various processes of combination, such as hydration, solvation, or complex-ion formation, depending on relatively weak chemical bonding.
ѧ ޺ϣĻѧĻϹ̵һ֣ˮϡںϻ
Ecology A large number of organisms in a specific geographic area constituting a community with one or two dominant species.
̬ѧ Ⱥԣ壺һضһֻҪ๹ɵĴл
?
associational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
assume
as.sume
AHD:[-s?m] 
D.J.[*6su8m]
K.K.[*6sum]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.sumed,as.sum.ing,as.sumes 
To take upon oneself:
Լе
assume responsibility; assume another's debts.
еΣмһ˵ծ
To undertake the duties of (an office):
Ρְ񣨹ְ
assumed the presidency.
ְ
To take on; adopt:
ȡã
The god assumes a human form(John Ruskin)
ϵ۲˵塱(Լ˹)
To put on; don:

The queen assumed a velvet robe.
һ޳
To affect the appearance or possession of; feign.See Synonyms at pretend 
װ򾲵ӣðμ pretend
To take for granted; suppose:
뵱ȻΪ
assumed that prices would rise.See Synonyms at presume 
Ϊ۸Ҫǲμ presume
To take over without justification; seize:
ɵĽӹܣȡ
assume control.
ȡÿȨ
Theology To take up or receive into heaven.
ѧ ϵۣӡɻܽ
?
Middle English assumen 
йӢ assumen 
from Latin ass?e 
Դ  ass?e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺] 
s?e [to take] * see  em- 
s?e [] *μ em- 
?
assumable
adj.ݴʣ
assumably
adv.ʣ
assumer
n.ʣ

= =
assumption
as.sump.tion
AHD:[-s?mpshn] 
D.J.[*6sJmp.*n]
K.K.[*6sJmp.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of taking to or upon oneself:
ԳеԼеж
assumption of an obligation.
еһ
The act of taking over:
ȡȡж
assumption of command.
ȡȨ
The act of taking for granted:
뵱Ȼ뵱ȻΪ
assumption of a false theory.
϶һ
Something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof; a supposition:
ٶ裺δ֤ʵ뵱ȻΪĳΪ棻ٶ
a valid assumption.
һЧļٶ
Presumption; arrogance.
Ը
Logic A minor premise.
߼ѧ Сǰ
Assumption 
 Assumption 
Theology The bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven after her death.
ѧ ʥĸ죺ʥĸ
A Christian feast celebrating this event.
ʥĸڣףһ¼Ľ
August 15, the day on which this feast is observed.
ʮգʥĸ
?
Middle English assumpcion 
йӢ assumpcion 
from Latin assumpti?}  assumpti?n- [adoption] 
Դ  assumpti?}  assumpti?n- [ȡ] 
from assumptus [past participle of] ass?mere [to adopt] * see  assume 
Դ assumptus  [] ass?mereĹȥִ [ȡ] *μ assume

= =
assurance
as.sur.ance
AHD:[-sh?rns] 
D.J.[*6.&*r*ns]
K.K.[*6.&r*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of assuring.
֤֤Ϊ
A statement or indication that inspires confidence; a guarantee or pledge:
֤ģŵʾ֤ģ
gave her assurance that the plan would succeed.
ŵƻɹ
Freedom from doubt; certainty:
ڻɣ϶
set sail in the assurance of favorable winds.See Synonyms at certainty 
϶ŷ˳μ certainty
Self-confidence.See Synonyms at confidence 
Ųμ confidence
Excessive self-confidence; presumption.
ֵţԸ
Chiefly British Insurance, especially life insurance.
Ӣ ٱգգָٱ

= =
assure
as.sure
AHD:[-sh?r] 
D.J.[*6.&*]
K.K.[*6.&r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.sured,as.sur.ing,as.sures 
To inform positively, as to remove doubt:
򡭱֤֪ȷʵˣԽɣ
assured us that the train would be on time.
Ǳ֤𳵽׼ʱ
To cause to feel sure:
ʹȷţ
assured her of his devotion.
ʹȷֿ
To give confidence to; reassure.
ģʹ
To make certain; ensure:
ȷʵ֤
Nothing in history assures the success of our civilization(Herbert J. Muller)
ʷûκζ֤ʤ(ղJ.)
To make safe or secure.
ʹȫʹȹ
Chiefly British To insure, as against loss.
Ӣ գԷ
?
Middle English assuren 
йӢ assuren 
from Old French assurer 
Դ ŷ assurer 
from Vulgar Latin *ass??r3re} [to make sure] 
Դ  *ass??r3re} [ȷ] 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
s??rus} [secure] * see  secure 
s??rus} [ȫ] *μ secure
?
assurable
adj.ݴʣ
assurer
n.ʣ
?
Assure, ensure,  and insure  all mean to make secure or certain. Onlyassure  is used with reference to a person in the sense of to set the mind at rest:  
Assure,ensure  insure ָʹȹ̻аա ֻassure ָˣСʹĳ˷ġ˼  
assured the leader of his loyalty. 
ʹ쵼ȷҳϡ 
 Althoughensure  and insure  are generally interchangeable, onlyinsure  is now widely used in American English in the commercial sense of to guarantee persons or property against 
risk. 
Ȼensure  insure һ¿Ի ֻinsure 㷺ӢУҵָ˻ƲԷ⡣ 

= =
astonish
a.ston.ish
AHD:[-st?n1sh] 
D.J.[*6stKn!.]
K.K.[*6st$n!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
as.ton.ished,as.ton.ish.ing,as.ton.ish.es 
To fill with sudden wonder or amazement.See Synonyms at surprise 
棺еͻȻľֲֻμ surprise
?
Probably alteration of Middle English astonien 
Ϊ йӢ astonienı仯 
from Old French estoner 
Դ ŷ estoner 
from Vulgar Latin *exton3e 
Դ  *exton3e 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺ʾԡ] 
Latin ton3e [to thunder] * see  (s)ten- 
 ton3e [Ϯ] *μ (s)ten- 
?
astonishingly
adv.ʣ

= =
astronaut
as.tro.naut
AHD:[2str-n?t] 
D.J.[6#str*7n%8t]
K.K.[6#str*7n%t]
n.ʣ
A person trained to pilot, navigate, or otherwise participate in the flight of a spacecraft.
ԱɴķѵʻɻԱ
?
astro- 
astro-
Greek naut?s [sailor]  from naus [ship] * see  n3u- 
ϣ naut?s [ˮ]  Դ naus [] *μ n3u- 

= =
astronomy
as.tron.o.my
AHD:[-str?n-m?] 
D.J.[*6strKn*mi8]
K.K.[*6str$n*mi]
n.Abbr. astron.ʣд astron.
The scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion, composition, energy, and evolution of celestial bodies and phenomena.
ѧռĿѧоָ弰λáСֲ˶ɡݻĿѧ
?
Middle English astronomie 
йӢ astronomie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin astronomia 
Դ  astronomia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
astro- [astro-] 
astro- [ǰ׺ʾ溽С] 
-nomia [-nomy] 
-nomia [׺ʾѧơ] 

= =
at
at 1
AHD:[2t] [t] ضʱ 
D.J.[#t][*t]ضʱ 
K.K.[#t][*t]ضʱ 
prep.ʣ
In or near the area occupied by; in or near the location of:
ڡڡĳһռݵ򸽽ĳһ򸽽
at the market; at our destination.
гǵĿĵ
In or near the position of:
ڡһ棺ڻӽĳһλã
always at my side; at the center of the page.
վһߣҳ
To or toward the direction or location of, especially for a specific purpose:
򣬳򣺵ĳһλãָһضĿģ
Questions came at us from all sides.
˷ӿ
Present during; attending:
ϯڡ֣ϯ
at the dance.
ϯ
Within the interval or span of:
ڡڼ䣺ĳһʱʱڣ
at the dinner hour; at a glance.
Էʱ䣻ת˲
In the state or condition of:
ĳһ״̬״£
at peace with one's conscience.
İ
In the activity or field of:
ĳһĳһڣ
skilled at playing chess; good at math.
գóѧ
To or using the rate, extent, or amount of; to the point of:
ĳһ㣺ñʡ޶ȡĳһ㣺
at 30 cents a pound; at high speed; at 20 paces; at 350=F.
ÿӢʮ֣Ը٣ڶʮڻʮʱ
On, near, or by the time or age of:
ӽӽĳһʱ̻䣬ĳһʱ̻Ϊֹ
at three o'clock; at 72 years of age.
㣻ʮʱ
On account of; because of:
ݣΪ
rejoice at a victory.
ʤ
By way of; through:
ԡʽͨ
exited at the rear gate.
Ӻ
In accord with; following:
ݣѭ
at my request.
ҵ
Dependent upon:
ƾ裺
at the mercy of the court.
ڷͥĿ
Occupied with:
ڣ
at work.
ڹ
?
at itʽ
Engaged in verbal or physical conflict; arguing or fighting:
ۣͻͷϵĳͻۻͻ
The neighbors are at it again.
ھֳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?t * see  ad- 
Դ Ӣ ?t *μ ad- 
?
at
at 2
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[$8t]
K.K.[$t]
n.ʣ
 at 
A unit of currency in Laos.See table at currency 
أλҵλμ currency
?
Thai 
̩ 
?
aT
aT
abbr.
 Attotesla. 
Attotesla.
?
At
At 1
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element astatine 
 Ԫastatineķ
?
At
At 2
abbr.
 Ampere-turn. 
Ampere-turn.
?
AT
AT
abbr.
Air temperature.
£¶
Also a/t  Antitank. 
 Ҳ a/t Antitank.
Automatic transmission.
Զת
?
at
.at
abbr.
 Austria [in Internet addresses] 
Austria[in Internet addresses] 

= =
athlete
ath.lete
AHD:[2thl?t] 
D.J.[6#G7li8t]
K.K.[6#G7lit]
n.Abbr. athl.ʣд athl.
A person possessing the natural or acquired traits, such as strength, agility, and endurance, that are necessary for physical exercise or sports, especially those performed in 
competitive contexts.
˶Աĳܣ˶ָھбʾֳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin athl?a 
Դ  athl?a 
from Greek athl??s} [contestant] 
Դ ϣ athl??s} [] 
from athlein [to contend] 
Դ athlein [μӾ] 
possibly from athlos [contest] 
Դ athlos [] 
?
Athletes who believe that winning is the most important aspect of athletics have etymological support for their view,even if the way one plays the game is more important than winning a 
prize.The wordathlete  may ultimately go back to the Greek word athlos,  contest, especially a contest for a prize. Two other possible sources areathlon,  prize won in a contest, 
and .athleus,  one who competes. The Greek wordathl??s,}  derived from at least one of these sources, meant combatant, champion, and was used especially for competitors 
in games.Our wordathlete,  borrowed from Greek by way of Latin, is first recorded in Middle English (possibly before 1425) with reference to wrestlers.
ЩȡʤҪһ˶ԱдԴѧ֧ǵĹ۵㣬μ˶ķʽȻȡƷҪathlete ʿ׷ݵϣ athlos 
 ָΪȡƷľܵĴԴathlon лõĽƷ athleus μˡ athletes ϣٴЩԴ֮һչ
˼ǡߡھ ָеľߡathlete ͨϣнã ¼ӢԼ1425ǰָˤ˶

= =
atmosphere
at.mos.phere
AHD:[2tm-sf?r] 
D.J.[6#tm*7sf!*]
K.K.[6#tm*7sf!r]
n.ʣ
Abbr. atm,atm.,atmos.The gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial body, especially the one surrounding Earth, and retained by the celestial body's gravitational field.
д atm,atm.,atmos.㣺ָŻ㣬ָƵţ
The air or climate in a specific place.
ĳصĿ
Abbr. atm,atm.Physics A unit of pressure equal to the air pressure at sea level, approximately equal to 1.01325  105 newtons per square meter. See table at measurement 
д atm,atm.ѧ ѹѹλںƽϵĿѹÿƽԼΪ1.01325105ţ μ measurement
A dominant intellectual or emotional tone or attitude, especially one related to a specific environment or state of affairs:
񣬻һռ֧λеĻ̬ȣָضĻ״̬ϵ
a prevailing atmosphere of distrust.
ɵ
The dominant tone or mood of a work of art.
Ʒķ
An aesthetic quality or effect, especially a distinctive and pleasing one, associated with a particular place:
УȤԻЧָһֲͬѰĻõģضĵϵ
a restaurant with an Old World atmosphere.
һȤС
?
New Latin atmosphaera 
ִ atmosphaera 
Greek atmos [vapor] * see  wet- 1
ϣ atmos [] *μ wet- 1
Latin sphaera [sphere] * see  sphere 
 sphaera [] *μ sphere

= =
atmospheric
at.mos.pher.ic
AHD:[2tm-sfr1k, -sf?r-]  Ҳ at.mos.pher.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[7#tm*6sfer!k, -6sf!*-] Ҳ at.mos.pher.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[7#tm*6sfWr!k, -6sf!r-] Ҳ at.mos.pher.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.Abbr. atm,atm.,atmos.ݴʣд atm,atm.,atmos.
Of, relating to, or existing in the atmosphere.
ģڡڻڴе
Produced by, dependent on, or coming from the atmosphere.
ģڴе
Resembling or representing the atmosphere; having or giving the effect of translucence:
ΧģֳģлԳ͸Чģ
a painting suffused with a hazy, atmospheric glow.
ͼʾŰ͸ġĹ
Intended to evoke a particular emotional tone or aesthetic quality:
ʵģģģͼضģ
lush atmospheric touches in every room.
ÿ䶼ʵ
?
atmospherically
adv.ʣ

= =
atom
at.om
AHD:[2tm] 
D.J.[6#t*m]
K.K.[6#t*m]
n.ʣ
A part or particle considered to be an irreducible constituent of a specified system.
ԭӣĳɷֻԪأΪĳһضṹвɷֵɲ
The irreducible, indestructible material unit postulated by ancient atomism.
ԭӣŴΨмٶĲɷֵġƻʵλ
An extremely small part, quantity, or amount.
΢΢СĲ֡
Chemistry Physics 
ѧ ѧ 
A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of 
electrons. The entire structure has an approximate diameter of 10-8 centimeter and characteristically remains undivided in chemical reactions except for limited removal, transfer, or 
exchange of certain electrons. 
ԭӣʵĵλԪصСλиԪصȫвܼġԭӺ˼ԭӺ˵һϵеɡȫṹֱԼ10-8ףĳЩӷ
޵ƶתƻ򽻻⣬ڻѧӦϱһ 
This unit regarded as a source of nuclear energy.See table at subatomic particle 
ԭܣΪԭԴĵλμ subatomic particle
?
Middle English attome 
йӢ attome 
from Latin atomus 
Դ  atomus 
from Greek atomos [indivisible, atom] 
Դ ϣ atomos [ ɷָģ΢] 
a- [not] * see  a- 1
a- [ǣ] *μ a-1
tomos [cutting]  from temnein [to cut] * see  tem- 
tomos [У]  Դ temnein [У] *μ tem- 

= =
atomic
a.tom.ic
AHD:[-t?m1k] 
D.J.[*6tKm!k]
K.K.[*6t$m!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. at.Of or relating to an atom or atoms.
д at.ԭӵģڻԭӵ
Of or employing nuclear energy:
ԭܵģڻӦԭܵģ
an atomic submarine; atomic weapons.
ԭǱˮͧԭ
Very small; infinitesimal.
СģС
?
atomically
adv.ʣ

= =
attach
at.tach
AHD:[-t2ch] 
D.J.[*6t#t.]
K.K.[*6t#t.]
v.ʣ
at.tached,at.tach.ing,at.tach.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten, secure, or join.
ϵ
To connect as an adjunct or associated condition or part:
ʹϵӳΪӵġλ򲿷֣
Many major issues are attached to this legislation. They gained influence by attaching themselves to prominent city institutions.
Ҫͬϵͨ׿ĳл֮ϵ
To affix or append; add:
ӣճϻ᣻ӣ
We attached several riders to the document.
ļϼ˼
To ascribe or assign:
ΪУҪԵȣڻָ
attached no significance to the threat.

To bind by emotional ties, as of affection or loyalty:
ʹϲʹأ簮ҳʹ᣺
I am attached to my family.
Ҷҵļ
To assign (personnel) to a military unit on a temporary basis.
ѣӡԱ䣺ѣԱʱ԰ھµλ
Law To seize (persons or property) by legal writ.
ɡ ѺͨвԱƲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To adhere, belong, or relate:
ڣճϡϵ
Very little prestige attaches to this position.
ûʲôְλ
?
Middle English attachen 
йӢ attachen 
from Old French attachier 
Դ ŷ attachier 
alteration of estachier 
 estachierı仯 
from estache [stake] 
Դ estache [˨] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 
?
attachable
adj.ݴʣ
attacher
n.ʣ

= =
attack
at.tack
AHD:[-t2k] 
D.J.[*6t#k]
K.K.[*6t#k]
v.ʣ
at.tacked,at.tack.ing,at.tacks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set upon with violent force.
ϮԱ
To criticize strongly or in a hostile manner.
Ļò
To start work on with purpose and vigor:
֣ʼĿġʢĿʼ
attack a problem.
ֽ
To begin to affect harmfully:
ϮַʼкӰ죺
The disease had already attacked the central nervous system.
ַϵͳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an attack; launch an assault:
Ϯͻй
The enemy attacked during the night.
ҹ䷢
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of attacking; an assault.
ΪʵҶͻȻϮ
An expression of strong criticism; hostile comment:
Ǵıۣ
vicious attacks in all the newspapers.
бֽϽ
Sports 
˶ 
An offensive action in a sport or game.
˶ϷвȡĽ
The players executing such an action.
Ա˶вȡ˶Ա
The initial movement in a task or undertaking:
֣ʼҵĿʼ
made an optimistic attack on the pile of paperwork.
ֹ۵һѵİͷ
An episode or onset of a disease, especially an occurrence of a chronic disease:
ͻȻľ򼲲ĿʼָԼķ
an asthma attack.

The experience or beginning of a feeling, need, or desire:
ĳָоľʼ
an attack of hunger; an attack of melancholy.
оϮе
Music The beginning or manner of beginning a piece, passage, or tone.
֡ ࣺһΡһ»һֵĿʼ
Decisiveness and clarity in artistic expression:
Ⱦȼ˼
a careful performance, but one lacking the rigorous attack the work demands.
һƵȱƷȾı
?
French attaquer 
 attaquer 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian *estaccare 
Դ  *estaccare 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 
?
attacker
n.ʣ
?
attack,bombard,assail,storm,assault,beset
These verbs mean to set upon, physically or figuratively.
ЩʶʾʵʻԵع
 Attack   applies to offensive action, physical or verbal, and especially to the onset of planned aggression: 
 attack  ʾϻԴϵĽΪָмƻط 
The commandos attacked the outpost at dawn.
ͻԱڷʱϮǰڻء
The governor was attacked by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.
гδؾѡʱŵԶ繥
Bombard   suggests showering with bombs or shells ( 
Bombard  ָըڵ 
The fleet anchored in the bay and bombarded the town)  or figuratively with words ( 
ںê˳ ԵĹ 
The television star was bombarded with invitations). 
ڵ㷢ǣ 
 Assail   implies repeated attacks: 
 Assail  ָش 
an area assailed by enemy forces from both directions;
װϮĵ
a novel assailed by critics;
һۼС˵
a member of the jury assailed by doubts.
Աɵš
Storm   refers to a sudden, sweeping attempt to achieve a victory: 
Storm  ָΪȡʤеͻȻȫϮ 
Some of the rebels were killed in the act of storming the citadel.
һЩͻϮǱʱɱ
Yet, only a few months after triumphantly storming the country, [the President] is obliged to storm Capitol Hill, with greater difficulty and with less than complete success   
(Economist).
 Ȼʤϯֻмµʱ䣬 ͱȥƤɽѺܴȻȡȫɹĻС  ѧң
 Assault   usually implies sudden, intense violence: 
 Assault  ָͨͻļеıΪ 
Muggers often assault their victims on dark streets.
ͽʱںڰĽֵϹߡ
Strobe lights assaulted my eyes.
ƹҵ۾
Beset   suggests beleaguerment from all sides by an enemy force or by adversity: 
Beset  ָܵװжߵĸΧ 
The fox was beset by hunters and hounds.
걻˺ԹΧ
The city council is beset by problems. 
ίԱ 

= =
attain
at.tain
AHD:[-t3n] 
D.J.[*6te!n]
K.K.[*6ten]
v.ʣ
at.tained,at.tain.ing,at.tains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gain as an objective; achieve.
ﵽãΪʵõȡ
To arrive at, as by virtue of persistence or the passage of time.See Synonyms at reach 
иŬһʱﵽμ reach
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To succeed in a directed effort, process, or progression:
ﵽãԵŬ̻ȡɹ
attained to high office; eventually attained to wisdom.
ﵽ߼ְλջȡǻ
?
Middle English atteignen 
йӢ atteignen 
from Old French ataindre  ataign- [to reach to] 
Դ ŷ ataindre  ataign- [] 
from Vulgar Latin *attangere 
Դ  *attangere 
from Latin attingere 
Դ  attingere 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ򡭷˶仯] 
tangere [to touch] * see  tag- 
tangere [ϣ] *μ tag- 
?
attainability  
attainableness
n.ʣ
attainable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
attempt
at.tempt
AHD:[-tmpt] 
D.J.[*6tempt]
K.K.[*6tWmpt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
at.tempt.ed,at.tempt.ing,at.tempts 
To make an effort; endeavor:
ͼͼŬŬ
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
ͼһζС˵
To try to perform, make, or achieve:
ͼԣŬȥִУɣ
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
ǳûԮɸӵؼ
Archaic To tempt.
 գջ
Archaic To attack with the intention of subduing.
 ĿϮ
n.ʣ
An effort or a try.
ͼŬ
An attack; an assault:
Ϯ
an attempt on someone's life.
ĳĹ
?
Middle English attempten 
йӢ attempten 
from Old French attempter 
Դ ŷ attempter 
from Latin attempt3e 
Դ  attempt3e 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ˶ģ򡱣仯] 
tempt3e [to test] 
tempt3e [ԣ] 
?
attemptable
adj.ݴʣ
attempter
n.ʣ

= =
attend
at.tend
AHD:[-tnd] 
D.J.[*6tend]
K.K.[*6tWnd]
v.ʣ
at.tend.ed,at.tend.ing,at.tends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be present at:
ϯμӣϯĳϣ
attended class.
Ͽ
To accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result:
Ϊ棺ΪΪ棺
The speech was attended by wild applause.
˵ҵ
To accompany or wait upon as a companion or servant.
̺չˣΪ»˰ȴ
To take care of (a sick person, for example).See Synonyms at tend 2
ϣϣ粡˵ȣμ tend2
To take charge of:
չܣ
They attended our affairs during our absence.
ǲʱ
To listen to; heed:
ע⣺
attended my every word.
ҵÿ
Archaic To wait for; expect.
 ȴڴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be present.
ϯ
To take care; give attention:
עע⣺
We'll attend to that problem later.
ԺǽעǸ
To apply or direct oneself:
רڻڣ
attended to their business.
ǵ
To pay attention:
ע
attended disinterestedly to the debate.
ۺע
To remain ready to serve; wait.
ע⣬Сģ׼ṩź
Obsolete To delay or wait.
 ȴ
?
Middle English attenden 
йӢ attenden 
from Old French atendre 
Դ ŷ atendre 
from Latin attendere [to heed] 
Դ  attendere [ģע] 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ˶ģ򡱣仯] 
tendere [to stretch] * see  ten- 
tendere [죬չ] *μ ten- 
?
attender
n.ʣ

= =
attendance
at.ten.dance
AHD:[-tndns] 
D.J.[*6tend*ns]
K.K.[*6tWnd*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of attending.
ϯμӣϯΪ
The persons or number of persons that are present.
ϯ߻ϯ
The frequency with which a person is present.
ϯʣĳ˳ϯƵ

= =
attendant
at.ten.dant
AHD:[-tndnt] 
D.J.[*6tend*nt]
K.K.[*6tWnd*nt]
n.ʣ
One who attends or waits on another.
ϯߣԱϯĻΪ˷
One who is present.
ϯ
An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant.

adj.ݴʣ
Being present:
ϯģڳģ
ships and attendant sailors.
ڳĴԱ
Accompanying or following as a result:
ģŻΪģ
attendant circumstances.

?
attendantly
adv.ʣ

= =
attention
at.ten.tion
AHD:[-tnshn] 
D.J.[*6ten.*n]
K.K.[*6tWn.*n]
n.Abbr. att.,attn.ʣд att.,attn.
Concentration of the mental powers upon an object; a close or careful observing or listening.
ע⣬רģģĳһ壻ערĵĹ۲
The ability or power to concentrate mentally.
עе
Observant consideration; notice:
ǣģϣĿǣע⣺
Your suggestion has come to our attention.
ѾĽ
Consideration or courtesy:
£ػ
attention to others' feelings.
˵ĸа
attentions Acts of courtesy, consideration, or gallantry, especially by a suitor.
 attentions ڣָò£ӢΪ
A military posture, with the body erect, eyes to the front, arms at the sides, and heels together.
ƣһ־˵ƣֱĿǰֱ࣬Ÿ£
interj.̾ʣ
Used as a command to assume an erect military posture.
ҪƵĿ
?
Middle English attencioun 
йӢ attencioun 
from Latin attenti?}  attenti?n- 
Դ  attenti?}  attenti?n- 
from attentus [past participle of] attendere [to heed] * see  attend 
Դ attentus  [] attendereĹȥִ [ģע] *μ attend
?
attentional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
attentive
at.ten.tive
AHD:[-tnt1v] 
D.J.[*6tent!v]
K.K.[*6tWnt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Giving care or attention; watchful:
עģרĵģĵģСĻעģעģ
attentive to detail.
ϸ
Marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to the pleasure or comfort of others.See Synonyms at thoughtful 
ĵģģģȫġڵעʹúʲμ thoughtful
Expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gestures:
ڵģͨеĹעڵľֹﰮĽУ
He played the attentive suitor, complete with roses and bonbons.
õ廨ͼǰһڵ
?
attentively
adv.ʣ
attentiveness
n.ʣ

= =
attitude
at.ti.tude
AHD:[2t1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6#t!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6#t!7tud, -7tjud]
n.ʣ
A position of the body or manner of carrying oneself:
ƣ̬Ϊ̬
stood in a graceful attitude.See Synonyms at posture 
վμ posture
A state of mind or a feeling; disposition:
̬״̬飺
an attitude of open hostility.
жԵ̬
The orientation of an aircraft's axes relative to a reference line or plane, such as the horizon.
ɻƣ̬ɻĳһֱ߻ƽ棬ƽλ
The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion.
̬ɴзλ
A position similar to an arabesque in which a ballet dancer stands on one leg with the other raised either in front or in back and bent at the knee.
ˣ˹ˣԱһվһϥǴϥǰһ
?
French 
 
from Italian attitudine 
Դ  attitudine 
from Late Latin aptit??}  aptit?din- [faculty] 
Դ  aptit??}  aptit?din- [] 
from Latin aptus [fit] * see  aptitude 
Դ  aptus [˵ģʵ] *μ aptitude
?
attitudinal
AHD:[2t1-t?dn-l, -ty?d-] ݴʣ

= =
attorney
at.tor.ney
AHD:[-t?rn?] 
D.J.[*6tT8ni8]
K.K.[*6tPni]
n.ʣ
 at.tor.neys д att.,atty.ɡ 
A person legally appointed by another to act as his or her agent in the transaction of business, specifically one qualified and licensed to act for plaintiffs and defendants in legal 
proceedings.See Synonyms at lawyer 
ˣһ˺Ϸָ䵱ҵĴˣָ˾кϸִΪ˺ͱ绤˲μ lawyer
?
Middle English attourney 
йӢ attourney 
from Old French atorne [from past participle of] atorner [to appoint] * see  attorn 
Դ ŷ atorne  [] ԴatornerĹȥִ [ָɣί] *μ attorn
?
attorneyship
n.ʣ

= =
attract
at.tract
AHD:[-tr2kt] 
D.J.[*6tr#kt]
K.K.[*6tr#kt]
v.ʣ
at.tract.ed,at.tract.ing,at.tracts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to draw near or adhere; direct to or toward itself or oneself:
ʹӽճһָԼ
Magnetic poles are attracted to their opposites. The fire attracted significant coverage from the media.
ż𴫲ý
To arouse or compel the interest, admiration, or attention of:
ջݡȤע⣺
We were attracted by the display of lights.
Ǳչ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To possess or use the power of attraction.
Իӵ
?
Middle English attracten 
йӢ attracten 
from Latin attrahere  attr3ct- 
Դ  attrahere  attr3ct- 
ad- [ad-] 
ad- [ǰ׺ʾ˶ģ򡱣仯] 
trahere [pull] 
trahere [] 
?
attractable
adj.ݴʣ
attracter  
attractor
n.ʣ

= =
attraction
at.trac.tion
AHD:[-tr2kshn] 
D.J.[*6tr#k.*n]
K.K.[*6tr#k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or capability of attracting.
Ϊ
The quality of attracting; charm.
ԣȤʣ˵
A feature or characteristic that attracts.
ջص
A person, place, thing, or event that is intended to attract:
Ƶˡص㡢Ʒ¼
The main attraction was a Charlie Chaplin film.
Ҫǲ׿ֵĵӰ

= =
attractive
at.trac.tive
AHD:[-tr2kt1v] 
D.J.[*6tr#kt!v]
K.K.[*6tr#kt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the power to attract.
ģ
Pleasing to the eye or mind; charming.
ʹõģʹ۾õģ˵
?
attractively
adv.ʣ
attractiveness
n.ʣ

= =
audience
au.di.ence
AHD:[?d?-ns] 
D.J.[6%8di8*ns]
K.K.[6%di*ns]
n.ʣ
The spectators or listeners assembled at a performance, for example, or attracted by a radio or television program.
ڣڣۼݳǰĹۿ߻ߣ类̨ӽĿ
The readership for printed matter, as for a book.
ߣߴڣӡˢƷ鼮ȵĶ
A body of adherents; a following:
ӵߣߣһȺ֧ߣ׷ߣ
The tenor expanded his audience by recording popular songs as well as opera.
Ǹи⻹¼иӮ׷
A formal hearing, as with a religious or state dignitary.
ʽӼһڽ̻ɹҪʽȡ
An opportunity to be heard or to express one's views.
ȡߣĻ᣺ĳ˹۵Ļ
The act of hearing or attending.
ȡϯΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin audientia 
Դ  audientia 
from audi?s [present participle of] audore [to hear] * see  au- 
Դ audi?s  [] audoreڷִ [] *μ au- 

= =
augment
aug.ment
AHD:[?g-mnt] 
D.J.[%8g6ment]
K.K.[%g6mWnt]
v.ʣ
aug.ment.ed,aug.ment.ing,aug.ments 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity:
ӣǿʹѾչĻ׽еڳߴ硢̶Ȼ
Continuing rains augmented the flood waters.
ˮӴ˺ˮˮ
To add an augment to.
ӣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become augmented.See Synonyms at increase 
Ӳμ increase
n.ʣ
AHD:[?gmnt] 
An enlargement or increase.
Ӵ
The prefixation of a vowel accompanying a past tense, especially of Greek and Sanskrit verbs.
ȥʽԪףϣﶯ
?
Middle English augmenten 
йӢ augmenten 
from Old French augmenter 
Դ ŷ augmenter 
from Late Latin augment3e 
Դ  augment3e 
from Latin augmentum [an increase] 
Դ  augmentum [] 
from aug?e [to increase] * see  aug- 
Դ aug?e [ӣ] *μ aug- 
?
augmentable
adj.ݴʣ
augmenter
n.ʣ

= =
august
au.gust
AHD:[?-g?st] 
D.J.[%86gJst]
K.K.[%6gJst]
adj.ݴʣ
Inspiring awe or admiration; majestic:
ϵģηĽģׯϵģ
the august presence of the monarch.See Synonyms at grand 
ϵĵμ grand
Venerable for reasons of age or high rank.
ģλߵԭ𾴵
?
Latin augustus * see  aug- 
 augustus *μ aug- 
?
augustly
adv.ʣ
augustness
n.ʣ
?
August
Au.gust
AHD:[?gst] 
D.J.[6%8g*st]
K.K.[6%g*st]
n.Abbr. Aug.ʣд Aug.
The eighth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.See table at calendar 
£һĵڰ˸²μ calendar
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin (m?s [(month) of Augustus] 
Դ  (m?s [¹˹£] 
after  Augustus 
Դ  Augustus

= =
aunt
aunt
AHD:[2nt, ?nt] 
D.J.[#nt, $8nt]
K.K.[#nt, $nt]
n.ʣ
The sister of one's father or mother.
裬裺һ˵ĸ׻ĸ׵Ľ
The wife of one's uncle.
裬˾˵
?
Middle English aunte 
йӢ aunte 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin amita [paternal aunt] 
Դ  amita [׵Ĺ] 
?
aunthood
n.ʣ

= =
aural
aural 1
AHD:[?rl] 
D.J.[6%8r*l]
K.K.[6%r*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or perceived by the ear.
ģڡڶĻɶ֪
?
From Latin auris [ear] * see  ous- 
Դ  auris [] *μ ous- 
?
aurally
adv.ʣ
?
aural
aural 2
AHD:[?rl] 
D.J.[6%8r*l]
K.K.[6%r*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by or relating to an aura.
ģΪĻйص

= =
authentic
au.then.tic
AHD:[?-thnt1k] 
D.J.[%86Gent!k]
K.K.[%6GWnt!k]
adj.Abbr. auth.ݴʣд auth.
Conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief:
ʵģʵֵšģ
an authentic account by an eyewitness.
һĿߵʵ֤
Having a claimed and verifiable origin or authorship; not counterfeit or copied:
ģž֤ʵԴߵģαĻǸƵģ
an authentic medieval sword.
һͽ
Law Executed with due process:
ɡ 걸ģͨɳʵʩģ
an authentic deed.
걸Լ
Music 
֡ 
Of, relating to, or being a medieval mode having a range from its final tone to the octave above it.
ַģдĩλϵİ֮䷶Χͷģ֮йءϵ
Of, relating to, or being a cadence with the dominant chord immediately preceding the tonic chord.
ֹģڣڻǾеǰҵɵ
Obsolete Authoritative.
 ȨԵ
?
Middle English autentik 
йӢ autentik 
from Old French autentique 
Դ ŷ autentique 
from Late Latin authenticus 
Դ  authenticus 
from Greek authentikos 
Դ ϣ authentikos 
from authent?s [author] 
Դ authent?s [] 
?
authentically
adv.ʣ
?
authentic,bona fide,genuine,real,true,undoubted,unquestionable
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not counterfeit or copied: 
Щݴʵĺ嶼ΪαĻǸƵġ 
an authentic painting by Corot;
һĿصĻ
a bona fide transfer of property;
зЧĲƲתã
genuine crabmeat;
з⣻
a real diamond;
ıʯ
true courage;

undoubted evidence;
ӹɵ֤ݣ
an unquestionable antique. counterfeit 
ʵ counterfeit

= =
author
au.thor
AHD:[?thr] 
D.J.[6%8G*]
K.K.[6%G+]
n.ʣ
Abbr. auth.,au
д auth.,au
The original writer of a literary work.
ߣĳһѧƷԭ
One who practices writing as a profession.
ְҵңдΪְҵ
An originator or creator:
ʼˣ߻ߣ
the author of a new theory.
һ۵Ĵʼ
Author God.
 Author ߣϵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
au.thored,au.thor.ing,au.thors ÷ѡ 
To assume responsibility for the content of (a published or an unpublished text).
Ȩ޸ߣԣѳδƷ֮ݸ
?
Middle English auctour 
йӢ auctour 
from Old French autor 
Դ ŷ autor 
from Latin auctor [creator] 
Դ  auctor [] 
from auctus [past participle of] aug?re [to create] * see  aug- 
Դ auctus  [] aug?reĹȥִ [] *μ aug- 
?
authorial
AHD:[?-th?r?-l, ?-th?r-] ݴʣ
?
The verbauthor,  which had been out of use for a long period, has been rejuvenated in recent years with the sense to assume responsibility for the content of a published text. As 
such it is not quite synonymous with the verbwrite ; one can write, but not author, a love letter or an unpublished manuscript,and the writer who ghostwrites a book for a celebrity cannot 
be said to have authored the creation. The sentenceHe has authored a dozen books on the subject  was unacceptable to 74 percent of the Usage Panel, probably because it implies 
that the fact of having a book published is worthy of special lexical distinction, a notion that sits poorly with conventional literary sensibilities,and which seems to smack of press 
agentry.The sentenceThe Senator authored a bill limiting uses of desert lands in California  was similarly rejected by 64 percent of the Panel, though here the usage is common 
journalistic practice,and is perhaps justified by the observation that we do not expect that legislators will actually write the bills to which they attach their names. The verbcoauthor  is 
well established in reference to scientific and scholarly publications, where it serves a useful purpose,since the people listed as authors of such works routinely include research 
collaborators who have played no part in the actual writing of the text,but who are nonetheless entitled to credit for the published results.
author ܳһʱ䲻ʹã ԡĳһƷݸΡĺáˣѲȫͬwrite ͬ壻 һ˿дһŻδ
ݸ壬ߣĳһ˼ʹдһƪҲ˵ǡƷԾѾⴴʮƷ 74%÷רС鲻ܽܣ Ϊʾһʵ
һѳһرĴʻļֵ봫ͳѧ̫ݵĸгζ˾ԱһʹüǵɳĮ
鰸 ͬ64%÷רСԱܽܣ Ȼ÷ŽʵĹáΪǲϣԱдһ鰸Ȼǵְ
coauthor ڿѧѧĵϽģ ʵʹһҪ壬ΪгΪⲿƷߵͨͬоԱʹ
ʵϲδμдɷϵضԳĽ˹

= =
authoritative
au.thor.i.ta.tive
AHD:[-th?r1-t3t1v, -th?r-, ?-th?r-, ?-th?r-] 
D.J.[*6G%8r!7te!t!v, *6GKr-, %86G%8r-, %86GKr-]
K.K.[*6G%r!7tet!v, *6G$r-, %6G%r-, %6G$r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or arising from authority; official:
ٷģŻģٷģ
an authoritative decree; authoritative sources.
һٷķٷԴ
Of acknowledged accuracy or excellence; highly reliable:
ȨԵģӵйϵľȷԻԵģģ
an authoritative account of the revolution.
ԱȨԱ
Wielding authority; commanding:
רϵģʹȨģģ
the captain's authoritative manner.
רϵΪʽ
?
authoritatively
adv.ʣ
authoritativeness
n.ʣ

= =
authority
au.thor.i.ty
AHD:[-th?r1-t?, -th?r-, ?-th?r-, ?-th?r-] 
D.J.[*6G%8r!ti8, *6GKr-, %86G%8r-, %86GKr-]
K.K.[*6G%r!ti, *6G$r-, %6G%r-, %6G$r-]
n.ʣ
 au.thor.i.ties д auth.
The power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge.
Ȩִܹзɡ¡о
One that is invested with this power, especially a government or government officials:
ȨһȨĻرԱ
land titles issued by the civil authority.
ǩȨ״
Power assigned to another; authorization:
ְȨһȨְȨ
Deputies were given authority to make arrests.
ǱвȨ
A public agency or corporation with administrative powers in a specified field:
֣ĳһضȨĹ֯
a city transit authority.
䵱
An accepted source of expert information or advice:
ȨһֹϵרҵϢԴ
a noted authority on birds; a reference book often cited as an authority.
һȨһΪȨĲο
A quotation or citation from such a source:
֤Ȩе
biblical authorities for a moral argument.
ڵ±ʥ
Justification; grounds:
ݣɣ
On what authority do you make such a claim?
ָк?
A conclusive statement or decision that may be taken as a guide or precedent.
ΪָĽԳ
Power to influence or persuade resulting from knowledge or experience:
˵֪ʶϵӰ˵
political observers who acquire authority with age.
ҪΪ˵ι۲
Confidence derived from experience or practice; firm self-assurance:
ţӾʵлõģᶨŸУ
played the sonata with authority.
ŵ
?
Middle English auctorite 
йӢ auctorite 
from Old French autorite 
Դ ŷ autorite 
from Latin auct?3s}  auct?rit3t- 
Դ  auct?3s}  auct?rit3t- 
from auctor [creator] * see  author 
Դ auctor [] *μ author

= =
authorize
au.thor.ize
AHD:[?th-roz] 
D.J.[6%8G*7ra!z]
K.K.[6%G*7ra!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
au.thor.ized,au.thor.iz.ing,au.thor.iz.es 
To grant authority or power to.
ȨίУְȨȨ
To give permission for; sanction:
ɣͬ⣻׼
the city agency that authorizes construction projects.
׼̽Ŀĳл
To be sufficient grounds for; justify.
ṩɣʹųɣ֤
?
Middle English auctorisen 
йӢ auctorisen 
from Old French autoriser 
Դ ŷ autoriser 
from Medieval Latin auct?3re} 
Դ  auct?3re} 
from Latin auctor [author] * see  author 
Դ  auctor [ߣ] *μ author
?
authorizer
n.ʣ
?
authorize,accredit,commission,empower,license
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give someone the authority to act: 
ЩʵĹͬĺǡĳжְȨ 
authorized her partner to negotiate in her behalf;
ȨͬΪ̸У
a representative who was accredited by his government;
ȨĴ
commissioned the real-estate agent to purchase the house for us;
ίвΪǹݣ
was empowered to make decisions during the president's absence;
ͳȱϯʱȨ
a pharmacist licensed to practice in two states. 
ִҵҩʦ 

= =
auto
au.to
AHD:[?t?] 
D.J.[6%8t*&]
K.K.[6%to]
n.ʣ
 au.tos 
An automobile.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
au.toed,au.to.ing,au.tos 
To go by or ride in an automobile.

?
Short for automobile 
 automobileļд

= =
automatic
au.to.mat.ic
AHD:[?t-m2t1k] 
D.J.[7%8t*6m#t!k]
K.K.[7%t*6m#t!k]
adj.Abbr. auto.ݴʣд auto.
Acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence or control:
ԶģһֻϲӰƵķʽжģ
an automatic light switch; a budget deficit that caused automatic spending cuts.
ԶԴأԤֵԶ֧
Self-regulating:
Զڵģ
an automatic washing machine.
Զϴ»
Acting or done without volition or conscious control; involuntary:
ģ޾ʶΪģԸģ
automatic shrinking of the pupils of the eyes in strong light.See Synonyms at spontaneous 
ǿͫײСμ spontaneous
Acting or done as if by machine; mechanical:
еģΪģеģ
an automatic reply to a familiar question.
ĻеԻش
Capable of firing continuously until ammunition is exhausted or the trigger is released:
Զģֱܹҩùɿģ
an automatic rifle.
һ֧Զʽǹ
Semiautomatic:
ԶģԶģ
an automatic pistol.
һ֧Զǹ
n.ʣ
An automatic machine or device.
ԶװãԶ豸
An automatic firearm.
Զ
A semiautomatic firearm.
Զ
A transmission or a motor vehicle with an automatic gear-shifting mechanism.
ԶװãһִпԶƵĴ
Football See  audible 
 μ  audible
?
From Greek automatos 
Դ ϣ automatos 
auto- [auto-] 
auto- [ǰ׺ʾԶ] 
-matos [willing] * see  men- 1
-matos [Ը] *μ men- 1
?
automatically
adv.ʣ
automaticity
AHD:[-m-t1s1-t?] ʣ
?
The wordsautomatic pilot  or automatic transmission  bring to mind mechanical devices that operate with minimal human intervention. Yet the wordautomatic,  which goes back to the 
Greek word automatos,  acting of one's own will, self-acting, of itself, made up of two parts,auto-,  self, and -matos,  willing, is first recorded in English in 1748 with 
reference to motions of the body, such as the peristaltic action of the intestines: The Motions are called automatic from their Resemblance to the Motions of Automata, or Machines, 
whose Principle of Motion is within themselves.Although the writer had machines in mind,automatic  could be used of living things, a use we still have, although not the primary one. 
The association ofautomatic  chiefly with machinery may represent one instance of many in which we have come to see the world in mechanical terms. 
Щautomatic pilot  automatic transmission ֻС뼴ɲĻеװõʶ automatic ׷ϣ automatos Ը־
жж ɣauto- ҵģ -matos Ը Ϊ˶ĺ1748״μ¼Ӣڵĳ䶯 Щ˶Ϊ
˶˶Եóģ˶ԭڲȻͷлӡautomatic Ա÷Ȼǻģʹá 
Ҫautomatic ϵܷӳеԽӻе 

= =
automation
au.to.ma.tion
AHD:[?t-m3shn] 
D.J.[7%8t*6me!.*n]
K.K.[7%t*6me.*n]
n.ʣ
The automatic operation or control of equipment, a process, or a system.
Զָ豸ϵͳԶ˶
The techniques and equipment used to achieve automatic operation or control.
ԶѧʵԶлƵļ豸
The condition of being automatically controlled or operated.
Զ״̬Զƻе״̬
?
From automatic 
Դ automatic
?
automative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
automobile
au.to.mo.bile
AHD:[?t-m?-b?l, -m?b?l] 
D.J.[7%8t*m*&6bi8l, -6m*&7bi8l]
K.K.[7%t*mo6bil, -6mo7bil]
n.ʣ
A self-propelled passenger vehicle that usually has four wheels and an internal-combustion engine, used for land transport.Also called  motorcar 
һĿ˳ֺͨһȼ½Ҳ  motorcar
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to automobiles; automotive.
ģڻڻģ
?
French 
 
Greek auto- [auto-] 
ϣ auto- [ǰ׺ʾԶ] 
French mobile [mobile]  from Old French * see  mobile 
 mobile [ƶ]  Դ ŷ *μ mobile
?
automobilist
n.ʣ

= =
autonomy
au.ton.o.my
AHD:[?-t?n-m?] 
D.J.[%86tKn*mi8]
K.K.[%6t$n*mi]
n.ʣ
 au.ton.o.mies 
The condition or quality of being autonomous; independence.
״̬ʣ
Self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination.
ȨҹҹȨȨ
Self-government with respect to local or internal affairs:
Ȩڵطڲҹ
granted autonomy to a national minority.
Ȩ
A self-governing state, community, or group.
ιŵȣҹĹҡᡢ
?
Greek autonomia 
ϣ autonomia 
from autonomos [self-ruling] * see  autonomous 
Դ autonomos [ͳ] *μ autonomous
?
autonomist
n.ʣ

= =
autumn
au.tumn
AHD:[?tm] 
D.J.[6%8t*m]
K.K.[6%t*m]
n.ʣ
The season of the year between summer and winter, lasting from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice and from September to December in the Northern Hemisphere; fall.
＾ָһнļͶ֮һڣ𵽶ֹڱǾʮ£
A period of maturity verging on decline.
ڣָѳͬʱӽ˥˵ʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, having to do with, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of autumn:
＾ģڡйءڻʺ＾ģ
autumn foliage; autumn harvests.
Ҷ＾ķ
Grown during the season of autumn:
ģ＾ģ
autumn crops.
＾Ĺ
?
Middle English autumpne 
йӢ autumpne 
from Old French autompne 
Դ ŷ autompne 
from Latin autumnus 
Դ  autumnus 
?
autumnal
AHD:[-t?mnl] ݴʣ
autumnally
adv.ʣ

= =
auxiliary
aux.il.ia.ry
AHD:[?g-z1ly-r?, -z1l-r?] 
D.J.[%8g6z!lj*ri8, -6z!l*ri8]
K.K.[%g6z!lj*ri, -6z!l*ri]
adj.Abbr. aux.,auxil.ݴʣд aux.,auxil.
Giving assistance or support; helping.
ģֵ֧ģ
Acting as a subsidiary; supplementary:
ģΪģģ
the main library and its auxiliary branches.
Ҫͼݼ֧
Held in or used as a reserve:
󱸵ģõģڴģ
auxiliary troops; an auxiliary power generator.
󱸾ӣ󱸵ķ
Nautical Equipped with a motor as well as sails.
 ͬʱװзͷ
Grammar Of, relating to, or being an auxiliary verb.
﷨ ʵģڡڻΪʵ
n.ʣ
 aux.il.ia.ries д aux.,auxil.
An individual or a group that assists or functions in a supporting capacity:
Ըߣõĸ˻壺
a volunteers' auxiliary at a hospital.
ҽԺԸ
A member of a foreign body of troops serving a country in war.
Ԯսʱ۵֮һԱ
Grammar An auxiliary verb.
﷨ 
Nautical 
 
A sailing vessel equipped with a motor.
װзķ
A vessel, such as a supply ship or a tug, that is designed for and used in instances and services other than combat.
ԵĴָֻ򹩸Ҫڸս
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin auxili3s 
Դ  auxili3s 
from auxilium [help] * see  aug- 
Դ auxilium [] *μ aug- 

= =
avail
a.vail
AHD:[-v3l] 
D.J.[*6ve!l]
K.K.[*6vel]
v.ʣ
a.vailed,a.vail.ing,a.vails 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be of use or advantage to; help:
ãʹﵽһõĻ״̬
Nothing could avail the dying patient.
ûκζǸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be of use, value, or advantage; serve:
ΪõġмֵĻģ
Halfway measures will no longer avail.
׵Ĵʩ
n.ʣ
Use, benefit, or advantage:
洦ôôƣ
labored to no avail.
Ϳȴ
?
avail (oneself) of
To make use of.

?
Middle English availen 
йӢ availen 
a- [intensive pref.]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- [ǿǰ׺]  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
Old French valoir  vail- [to be worth]  from Latin val?e * see  wal- 
ŷ valoir  vail- [ֵ]  Դ  val?e *μ wal- 
?
availingly
adv.ʣ

= =
available
a.vail.a.ble
AHD:[-v3l-bl] 
D.J.[*6ve!l*b*l]
K.K.[*6vel*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible:
õģʵõģֱߵģɻõģ
kept a fire extinguisher available at all times.
κʱҪüʱõ
Capable of being gotten; obtainable:
ܵõģɵõģ
a bedspread available in three colors.
еɫĴ
Qualified and willing to serve:
ʸģʸڷģ
a list of available candidates.
ʸĺѡ
Archaic 
 
Capable of bringing about a beneficial result or effect.
ģԴĽӰ
Law Valid. Used especially of a plea.
ɡ Чġָ״
?
availability  
availableness
n.ʣ
availably
adv.ʣ

= =
avenue
av.e.nue
AHD:[2v-n?, -ny?] 
D.J.[6#v*7nu8, -7nju8]
K.K.[6#v*7nu, -7nju]
n.ʣ
Abbr. Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.A wide street or thoroughfare.
д Ave.,AVE,Av.,ave.,av.ͨĴֻ
A broad roadway lined with trees.
ľĿֵ
Chiefly British The drive leading from the main road up to a country house.
Ӣ ߵ򳵵Կ·һ䷿ͨ·
A means of access or approach:
;õֶλ򷽷
new avenues of trade.
ó;
?
French 
 
from Old French [arrival] [from feminine past participle of] avenir [to approach] 
Դ ŷ []  [] ԴavenirԹȥִ [ӽ] 
from Latin advenoe [to come to] * see  advent 
Դ  advenoe [] *μ advent

= =
avert
a.vert
AHD:[-v?rt] 
D.J.[*6vT8t]
K.K.[*6vPt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.vert.ed,a.vert.ing,a.verts 
To turn away:
ܿƿ
avert one's eyes.
ƿĳ˵
To ward off (something about to happen); prevent:
Ԥֹĳ£ֹ
averted an accident by turning sharply.See Synonyms at prevent 
ѸתԤ¹ʵķμ prevent
?
Middle English averten 
йӢ averten 
from Old French avertir 
Դ ŷ avertir 
from Latin 3e 
Դ  3e 3- [away from] * see  ab- 13- [ܿ] *μ ab-1
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
avertible  
avertable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
aviation
a.vi.a.tion
AHD:[3v?-3shn, 2v?-] 
D.J.[7e!vi86e!.*n, 7#vi8-]
K.K.[7evi6e.*n, 7#vi-]
n.Abbr. avn.ʣд avn.
The operation of aircraft.
Уݷɻ
The design, development, and production of aircraft.
ɻ죺ɻơչ
Military aircraft.
÷ɻ
?
French 
 
from Latin avis [bird] * see  awi- 
Դ  avis [] *μ awi- 

= =
avoid
a.void
AHD:[-void] 
D.J.[*6v%!d]
K.K.[*6v%!d]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.void.ed,a.void.ing,a.voids 
To stay clear of; shun.See Synonyms at escape 
Զ룻ܿμ escape
To keep from happening:
ֹ
avoid illness with rest and a balanced diet.
Ϣƽʳֹ
Law To annul or make void; invalidate.
ɡ ʹϳʹЧʹ
Obsolete To void or expel.
 
?
Middle English avoiden 
йӢ avoiden 
from Anglo-Norman avoider [to empty out] 
Դ Ӣ avoider [] 
variant of Old French esvuidier 
 ŷ esvuidierı 
es- [out]  from Latin ex- * see  ex- 
es- [ڡ]  Դ  ex- *μ ex-
vuidier [to empty]  from voide [empty] * see  void 
vuidier []  Դ voide [յ] *μ void
?
avoidable
adj.ݴʣ
avoidably
adv.ʣ
avoider
n.ʣ

= =
await
a.wait
AHD:[-w3t] 
D.J.[*6we!t]
K.K.[*6wet]
v.ʣ
a.wait.ed,a.wait.ing,a.waits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wait for.See Synonyms at expect 
ȴμ expect
To be in a state of abeyance until:
ֹͣ״ֱ̬
a contract awaiting signature.
ֹͬǩ
To be in store for:
棺
Death awaits us all.
ڵе
Obsolete To lie in ambush for.
 ŻԴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wait.
ȴ
To be in store:
٣
A busy day awaits.
æµӼ
?
Middle English awaiten 
йӢ awaiten 
from Old North French awaitier 
Դ ŷ awaitier 
a- [on]  from Latin ad- * see  ad- 
a- [ڡ]  Դ  ad- *μ ad-
waitier [to watch] * see  wait 
waitier [۲] *μ wait

= =
awake
a.wake
AHD:[-w3k] 
D.J.[*6we!k]
K.K.[*6wek]
v.ʣ
a.woke[-w?k]   a.waked a.waked  a.wok.en [-w?kn] a.wak.ing,a.wakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rouse from sleep; waken.
ѣ˯лѣ
To stir the interest of; excite.
𣺼ԡȤʹ˷
To stir up (memories, for example).
䣩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wake up.

To become alert.
þ
To become aware or cognizant:
ָʶ
awoke to reality.See Usage Note at wake 1
صʵвμ wake1
adj.ݴʣ
Completely conscious; not in a state of sleep.
ŵģȫʶģǴ˯״̬
Vigilant; watchful.See Synonyms at aware 
ģĲμ aware
?
Middle English awaken 
йӢ awaken 
from Old English 3n 
Դ Ӣ 3n 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿǰ׺] 
wacan [wake] * see  wake 1
wacan [] *μ wake1

= =
award
a.ward
AHD:[-w?rd] 
D.J.[*6w%8d]
K.K.[*6w%rd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
a.ward.ed,a.ward.ing,a.wards 
To grant as merited or due:
裺ŵж裺
awarded prizes to the winners.
ʤ轱Ʒ
To give as legally due:
и˾о裺
awarded damages to the plaintiff.See Synonyms at grant 
иԭ⳥μ grant
n.ʣ
Something awarded or granted, as for merit.
Ʒŵ㽱Ķ
A decision, such as one made by a judge or arbitrator.
жо編ٻٲ
?
Middle English awarden 
йӢ awarden 
from Anglo-Norman awarder [to decide (a legal case)] 
Դ Ӣ awarder [¼] 
variant of Old North French eswarder 
 ŷ eswarderı 
es- [out]  from Latin ex * see  ex- 
es- []  Դ  ex *μ ex-
warder [to judge, guard] * see  wer- 3
warder [þ䱸] *μ wer- 3
?
awardable
adj.ݴʣ
awarder
n.ʣ

= =
away
a.way
AHD:[-w3] 
D.J.[*6we!]
K.K.[*6we]
adv.ʣ
From a particular thing or place:
Զ룺Զĳָص㣺
ran away from the lion; sent the children away to boarding school.
ԶʨߣͺȥѧУͶ
At or to a distance in space or time:
ڻ򵽿ռʱϵһξ룺
We live a block away from the park.
סĽԶ빫԰
At or by a considerable interval:
һ൱ļ
away back in the 17th century; away off on the horizon.
صԶ17ͣԶƽ
In a different direction; aside:
תڲͬķһߣ
glanced away.
𴦿
On the way:
·
We want to get away early in the day.

In or into storage or safekeeping:
棺һƱܣ
put the toys away; jewels locked away in a safe.
պãڱ鱦
Out of existence or notice:
ʧڻ򲻱ע⣺
The music faded away.
ֽʧ
So as to remove, separate, or eliminate:
ڳȥ
chipped the paint away; cleared away the debris.
γ᣻Щ
From one's possession:
ͣóĳ˵
gave the tickets away.
Ʊ
Continuously; steadily:
أȹ̵أ
toiled away at the project for more than a year.
̳һ
Freely; at will:
޾أأ
Fire away!
ɨ䣡
adj.ݴʣ
Absent:
ڵģ
The neighbors are away.
ھӲڼ
Distant, as in space or time:
ңԶģңԶģڿռʱϣ
The city is miles away. The game was still a week away.
ڼӢ⡣һ
Played on an opponent's field or grounds:
ڶԷ򳡵رģ
an away game.
ΪͶӱ
Baseball Out:
 ֵģ
bases loaded, with two away.
˳ֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English aweg 
Դ Ӣ aweg 
a- [on] * see  a- 1
a- [ڡ֮] *μ a-1
weg [way] * see  wegh- 
weg [·] *μ wegh- 

= =
awful
aw.ful
AHD:[?fl] 
D.J.[6%8f*l]
K.K.[6%f*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible:
µģģĻ˲ģµģ
had an awful day at the office.
ڰ칫ȹһ
Commanding awe:
ηģ
this sea, whose gently awful stirrings seem to speak of some hidden soul beneath(Herman Melville)
ЩηĲƺ˵顱(ն÷ά)
Filled with awe, especially:
ηģηģָ
Filled with or displaying great reverence.
򯾴ģֳľص
Obsolete Afraid.
 ־
Formidable in nature or extent:
ѵģʻ̶ηģ
an awful burden; an awful risk.
ѵصµð
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Extremely; very:
ȵأǳ
was awful sick.
ú
?
Middle English aweful [awe-inspiring] 
йӢ aweful [η] 
blend of awe [awe] * see  awe 
 awe [µ] *μ awe
*ayfull [awful]  from Old English egefull  ege [dread]  -full [-ful] 
*ayfull [η]  Դ Ӣ egefull  ege [£]  -full [׺Ļڡ] 
?
awfully
adv.ʣ
awfulness
n.ʣ

= =
ax
ax 2
AHD:[2ks] 
D.J.[#ks]
K.K.[#ks]
v.Nonstandard ʣǱ׼ 
ax.ed,ax.ing,ax.es 
Variant of ask 
Variant of ask
?
Ax,  a common nonstandard variant of ask,  is often identified as an especially salient feature of African American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is frequent in the 
speech of African Americans, it used to be common in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New England. This should not be surprising since ax  is a very old word in 
English, having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In Old English we find both 3n  and 3,  and in Middle English both asken  and axen.  Moreover, the forms with cs  or x  had 
no stigma associated with them. Chaucer used asken  and axen  interchangeably, as in the lines I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf and Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle,
 both from The Canterbury Tales.  The forms in x  arose from the forms in sk  by a linguistic process called metathesis,  in which two sounds are reversed. The x  thus represents (ks), 
the flipped version of (sk). Metathesis is a common linguistic process around the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Nevertheless, ax  has become stigmatized as 
substandarda fate that has befallen other words, like ain't,  that were once perfectly acceptable in literate circles. 
ask һǱ׼ ax ΪӢＫΪɫڽ̸еȷʹaxʽҲڿձʹӢİˡ
Դ˱ʾ棬Ϊ ax ǸܹϵӢʻ㣬Ӣʹ1000ϡӢ 3n  3, йӢ asken  axen ң cs  x ʽͬõĺ޹
нʹ asken  axen I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyfʵǻ/Ϊҵӣ͡Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle
ήʲô仰 ز¼  sk ʽ λ Թ̲ x ʽλǽλõߵ x ʾ(ks)ķ(sk)ķת
λͨõԹ̲Ҳɽ̸еǷȱ ax ѱǱ׼÷ͬһȱ֪ʶȫܵʣ ain't  
?
ax
ax  axe
AHD:[2ks] 
D.J.[#ks]
K.K.[#ks]
n.ʣ
 ax.es[2ks1z]  
A tool with a bladed, usually heavy head mounted crosswise on a handle, used for felling trees or chopping wood.
һִƬĹߣһصһͷʮֽذһϣľͷ
Any of various bladed, hand-held implements used as a cutting tool or weapon.
ߣκһеڵģյߣڿĹ߻
Informal A sudden termination of employment:
ʽ ְͣҵͻȻֹ
My colleague got the ax yesterday.
ҵͬ챻
Slang A musical instrument, especially a guitar.
ٵ رָ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
axed,ax.ing,ax.es 
To use a heavy, bladed cutting implement in order to chop or fell (something).
øʹóصĴڵĿ߿߿ĳ
Informal To remove ruthlessly or suddenly:
ʽ ɾػͻȻȥ
a social program that was axed to effectuate budget cuts.
ΪʵԤȥĿ
?
ax to grind
A selfish or subjective aim:
˽ͼ˴㣺˽۵Ŀģ
He claimed to be disinterested, but I knew he had an ax to grind.
˽֪ͼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?x 
Դ Ӣ ?x 
?
To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind,   we need to know thatgrind  means to sharpen. This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist 
Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, 
Pennsylvania,Federalist  on September 7, 1810, under the title Who'll Turn Grindstones? and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe.   
Because Poor Robert was confused with Poor Richard,the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanisma word or 
expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce (Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing 
his grievances)and George Bernard Shaw (distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind) attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we 
know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.
Ϊax to grind ĳ Ҫ֪grind ˼ǡĥ⡱ ˵19мҲ˹ɣ޲أдĹһƺƵ˵Ĺ£
ܹеȰ˵һкΪһĥʯ˵һγ181097ձϦݵ¬181097Ϊ˭Ʒĥʯӵ ᵽ ֮
1815Ϊ޲ļ һᵽ Ϊpoor Robert"poor RichardױŪ¾ΪǱִġﱾʽ
ĴʻԴһʼԴʵʹãǴµıѹ㷺شһղķ˹˹ȻͼƤǣ
߿ࡱһΡɣϳͬҵˡÿҶԼҵĴ㡱֪ģֻ۵ļſҵ

= =
axis
ax.is
AHD:[2ks1s] 
D.J.[6#ks!s]
K.K.[6#ks!s]
n.ʣ
 ax.es[2ks?z]  д ax.
A straight line about which a body or geometric object rotates or may be conceived to rotate.
ߣ򼸺תתΧƵһֱ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
An unlimited line, half-line, or line segment serving to orient a space or a geometric object, especially a line about which the object is symmetric.
᣺ڸռ򼸺嶨λֱߡ߻߶ΣرǹڶԳ
A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate system.
᣺ϵвͽǵĲο
A center line to which parts of a structure or body may be referred.
᣺ṹĳЩֿɱյ
An imaginary line to which elements of a work of art, such as a picture, are referred for measurement or symmetry.
ߣĳЩҪԳƵƷһߣ滭
Anatomy 
ѧ 
The second cervical vertebra on which the head turns.
֧ͷתĵڶ׵
Any of various central structures, such as the spinal column, or standard abstract lines used as a positional referent.
ĽṹκһĽṹ缹λı׼
Botany The main stem or central part about which organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged.
ֲѧ ᣺֦ٻֲĻ屻ϵĲ
One of three mutually perpendicular lines that define the orientation of an aircraft, with one being along its direction of travel and the other two being perpendicular to the direction of 
travel.
᣺ɻλ໥ֱеһһŷеķֱڷеķ
A line through the optical center of a lens that is perpendicular to both its surfaces.
᣺ͨ͸Ĵֱ
One of three or four imaginary lines used to define the faces of a crystal and the position of its atoms.
᣺ھˮԭλõеһ
An alliance of powers, such as nations, to promote mutual interests and policies.
ģٽͬԼߵȨˣ
Axis The alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936, later including Japan and other nations, that opposed the Allies in World War II.
 Axis Ĺ1936ĵˣڶδսзͬ˹ձ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin 
Դ  

= =
baby
ba.by
AHD:[b3b?] 
D.J.[6be!bi8]
K.K.[6bebi]
n.ʣ
 ba.bies 
A very young child; an infant.
ССĺӣӤ
The youngest member of a family or group.
۶ͥһԱ
A very young animal.
ޣСĶ
An adult or a young person who behaves in an infantile way.
ˣΪֳĳ˻
Slang A girl or young woman.
ٵ ŮŮ
Slang An object of personal concern or interest:
ٵ Ⱥ֮£ϲ֮£˹ĻȤ
Keeping the boat in good repair is your baby.
޴Ⱥ
adj.ݴʣ
bab.i.er,bab.iest 
Of or having to do with a baby.
ӵģӵĻйص
Infantile or childish.
СƵģ
Small in comparison with others of the same kind:
С͵ģͬȽСģ
baby vegetables.
С߲
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ba.bied,ba.by.ing,ba.bies 
To treat with often inordinate indulgence and solicitude.See Synonyms at pamper 
ݣùݺ͹ĵķʽԴμ pamper
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
babyhood
n.ʣ
babyish
adj.ݴʣ

= =
bachelor
bach.e.lor
AHD:[b2ch-lr, b2chlr] 
D.J.[6b#t.*l*, 6b#t.l*]
K.K.[6b#t.*l+, 6b#t.l+]
n.Abbr. B.ʣд B.
An unmarried man.
δ
A person who has completed the undergraduate curriculum of a college or university and holds a bachelor's degree.
ѧʿѾѧԺѧȫѧγ̲ȡѧʿѧλ
A male animal that does not mate during the breeding season, especially a young male fur seal kept from the breeding territory by older males.
δСޣڷֳδԶرָ곤Ծڽ֮Ժ
A young knight in the service of another knight in feudal times.
̴ӣ⽨иʿ̴ӵʿ
?
Middle English bacheler [squire, youth, bachelor] 
йӢ bacheler [̴ӣ꣬] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin baccal3s [tenant farmer] 
Դ  baccal3s [ũ] 
[perhaps of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
backelordom  
bachelorhood  
bachelorship
n.ʣ

= =
back
back 1
AHD:[b2k] 
D.J.[b#k]
K.K.[b#k]
n.ʣ
The posterior portion of the trunk of the human body between the neck and the pelvis; the dorsum.
ɵĺ󲿣ڲӺ͹֮䣻
The analogous dorsal region in other animals.
ıƵıλ
The backbone or spine.
ǻ
The part or area farthest from the front.
󲿣ǰԶĲֻ
The part opposite to or behind that adapted for view or use:
棬棺뿴ʹõĲ෴Ĳ֣
the back of the hand; wrote on the back of the photograph.
ֱдƬ
The reverse side, as of a coin.
棺棬Ӳҵķ
A part that supports or strengthens from the rear:
Ӻֻ֧ǿĲ֣
the back of a couch.
˯εĿ
The part of a book where the pages are stitched or glued together into the binding.
鼹ҳװճһɲĹ߲
The binding itself.
װ
Sports 
˶ 
A player who takes a position behind the front line of other players in certain games, such as football.
ĳֱĿУ򣬴˶Աǰλ֮˶Ա
This playing position.
λ
v.ʣ
backed,back.ing,backs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move backward or in a reverse direction:
ʹˣ෴ƶ
Back the car up ten feet and then make the turn.
ѳ10ӢȻת
To furnish or strengthen with a back or backing.
ӹ̣ú󱳻֧װǿ
To provide with financial or spiritual help; support or sustain:
֧֣ԮṩĻϵİֻ֧ά֣
backed our candidate with a $1,000-a-plate dinner.See Synonyms at support 
һ1000ԪΪǵĺѡ˴μ support
To bet or wager on.
ģĻáĲ
To adduce evidence in support of; substantiate:
֤֤֤֧֣֤֤ʵ
backed the argument with facts.
ʵ֤۵
To form the back or background of:
γɡı򱳾
Snowcapped mountains back the village.
ѩɽγ˴ׯı
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move backward.
ˣƶ
To shift to a counterclockwise direction. Used of the wind.
ʱתתΪʱ뷽ָ
adj.ݴʣ
Located or placed in the rear:
󲿵ģλڻںģ
Deliveries should be made at the back entrance.
Ӧںڴ
Distant from a center of activity; remote.
ƫԶģԶĵģƫԶ
Of a past date; not current:
ʱģеģڹȥӵģʱģ
a back issue of a periodical.
ڵڿ
Being owed or due from an earlier time; in arrears:
ǷģʱӦӵлڵģǷģ
back pay.
Ƿн
Being in a backward direction.
ģķ
Linguistics Pronounced with the back of the tongue, asoo  in cool.  Used of vowels. 
ѧ ģģoo  cool һеķԪĸ 
adv.ʣ
At, to, or toward the rear or back; backward.
ںأأڡź󲿵أأ
In, to, or toward a former location:
صԭڡŴǰλã
went back for the class reunion.
μͬͬѧ
In, to, or toward a former condition.
صԭ״̬ڡŴǰ״̬
In, to, or toward a past time.
ǰأڡŹȥ
In reserve or concealment.
ػε
In check or under restraint:
赲أڱƻ״̬
Barriers held the crowd back.
դȺڵס
In reply or return.
ش黹
?
back away
To withdraw from a position; retreat.
ˣĳλó룻
back down
To withdraw from a position, opinion, or commitment.
òĳλá۵г
back off
To retreat or draw away.
ػ뿪
back out
To withdraw from (an enterprise or a plan) before completion.
;˳֮ǰӣĳƻҵ˳
To fail to keep a commitment or promise.
ʧԣûŵ
back up
To cause to accumulate or undergo accumulation:
ʹۼѻ򾭹ۣ
The accident backed the traffic up for blocks. Traffic backed up in the tunnel.
¹˽ͨڵµ˽ͨ
Computer Science To make a backup of (a program or file).
ѧ ݣΪļ
?
back and fill
Nautical To maneuver a vessel in a narrow channel by adjusting the sails so as to let the wind in and out of them in alteration.
 խˮвݴͨ緫Աʹ緫ķı
To vacillate in one's actions or decisions.
岻ж֮ԥ
?
Middle English bak 
йӢ bak 
from Old English b?c 
Դ Ӣ b?c 
?
backless
adj.ݴʣ
?
The expressionback of  is an informal variant of in back of   and is best avoided in writing: There was a small stable in back of (not simply back of ) the house.  
﷽ʽback of  in back of һֲʽıηʽ ñã磺 There was a small stable in back ofҪ򵥵˵ back of  the house һС
ǣ 
?
back
back 2
AHD:[b2k] 
D.J.[b#k]
K.K.[b#k]
n.ʣ
A shallow vat or tub used chiefly by brewers.
ǳͰҪõһǳ
?
Dutch bak 
 bak 
from French bac 
Դ  bac 
from Old French [boat] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Vulgar Latin *baccus [vessel] 
Դ  *baccus [] 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
background
back.ground
AHD:[b2kground] 
D.J.[6b#k7gra&nd]
K.K.[6b#k7gra&nd]
n.Abbr. bg.,bkgd.ʣд bg.,bkgd.
The ground or scenery located behind something.
λĳĳػɫ
The part of a pictorial representation that appears as if it were in the distance and that provides relief for the principal objects in the foreground.
Զ滭ֵĹɲ֣ƺԶΪʹǰҪͻ
The general scene or surface against which designs, patterns, or figures are represented or viewed.
ӣɫµķ羰ۣͼʽԴΪչ
A position or an area of relative inconspicuousness or unimportance.
Ҫĵط˵Ҫλû
The circumstances and events surrounding or leading up to an event or occurrence.
ϣΧƻĳ¼±䷢¼
A person's experience, training, and education:
ĳ˵ľ顢ѵͽ״
Her background in the arts is impressive.
ϵ
Subdued music played especially as an accompaniment to dialogue in a dramatic performance.
֣ϷݳرΪԻĵͻ͵
Sound or radiation present at a relatively constant low level at a specific location.
֣ףĳضλһȶĵˮƽֳ򴫲
?
background
v.ʣ

= =
backward
back.ward
AHD:[b2kwrd] 
D.J.[6b#kw*d]
K.K.[6b#kw*d]
adj.ݴʣ
Directed or facing toward the back or rear.
ģָ߻󲿵
Done or arranged in a manner or an order that is opposite to previous occurrence or normal use.
ģԺǰ÷෴ķʽ˳ɻŵ
Unwilling to act; reluctant; shy.
ԸģԸģɬ
Behind others in progress or development:
ģڽ̻չ˵ģ
The technology was backward, but the system worked.
ȻģƶЧ
adv.or ʣ  
backwards
AHD:[-wrdz] 
To or toward the back or rear.
أ߻󲿵
With the back leading.
أԺΪȵ
In a reverse manner or order.
෴أ෴ķʽ
To, toward, or into the past.
ݵأ뵽ȥ
Toward a worse or less advanced condition.
˲أŲû̫Ƚ״
?
bend over backward 
lean over backward
To make an effort greater than is required.
߾ȫĸŬ
?
backwardly
adv.ʣ
backwardness
n.ʣ
?
The adverb may be spelledbackward  or backwards,   and the forms are interchangeable: 
ʿԱƴдΪbackward  backwards  ִǿԻģ 
stepped backward;
̤
a mirror facing backwards. 
ľӡ 
 Onlybackward  is an adjective:  
ֻbackward ݴʣ  
a backward view. 
ķ羰 

= =
bacteria
bac.te.ri.a
AHD:[b2k-t?r?-] 
D.J.[b#k6t!*ri8*]
K.K.[b#k6t!ri*]
n.Abbr. bact.ʣд bact.
Plural of bacterium 
 bacteriumĸ

= =
bad
bad 1
AHD:[b2d] 
D.J.[b#d]
K.K.[b#d]
adj.ݴʣ
worse[w?rs] worst[w?rst]  
Not achieving an adequate standard; poor:
ʵģûдﵽĳʵ׼ģŵģ
a bad recital.
ŵ
Evil; sinful.
аģص
Disobedient or naughty:
ƤģӵĻģģ
bad children.
Ƥĺ
Disagreeable, unpleasant, or disturbing:
˵ģģ˲Ļ˵ģ
a bad piece of news.
һ˲
Unfavorable:
ģ
bad reviews for the play.
ԾĿ
Not fresh; rotten or spoiled:
ʵģʵģõĻ仵ģ
bad meat.

Injurious in effect; detrimental:
кģкģкġģ
bad habits.
ϰ
Not working properly; defective:
ģģȱݵģȫģ
a bad telephone connection.
ĵ绰·
Full of or exhibiting faults or errors:
ģʾȱģ
bad grammar.
ص﷨
Having no validity; void:
ЧģЧģģõģϵģ
passed bad checks.
ͷ֧Ʊ
Severe; intense:
صģصģҵĻǿҵģ
a bad cold.
ظð
Being in poor health or in pain:
ģ岻ûʹģ
I feel bad today.
ҽо
Being in poor condition; diseased:
ģڲ״µģòģȫģ
bad lungs.
ķ
Sorry; regretful:
ڵģźģ
She feels bad about how she treated you.
Դе
bad.der,bad.dest Slang Very good; great.
bad.der,bad.dest ٵ ǳõģ
n.ʣ
Something that is below standard or expectations, as of ethics or decency:
µ£ˮ׼ĳ£Ƿ治µ£
weighing the good against the bad.
벻õ
adv.Usage Problem ʣ÷ѡ 
Badly.
õأǳ
?
in badʽ
In trouble or disfavor.
ùʧ裺鷳״̬֮е
not half bad 
not so bad
Informal Reasonably good.
ʽ ǳ
?
Middle English badde 
йӢ badde 
?
badness
n.ʣ
?
bad,evil,wicked
These adjectives are compared as they mean departing from moral or ethical standards.
ǵ˼Υ»±׼ʱЩݴһЩȽϡ
 Bad   is the most inclusive;it applies to what is regarded as being unpleasant, offensive, or blameworthy: 
 Bad  ǷΧĴʣκαΪǲġĻ𱸵£ 
bad weather;

a bad temper.
Ƣ
A bad book is as much of a labor to write as a good one  (Aldous Huxley).
 дһҪͶдһһࡱ ¶˹裩
 Evil,   a stronger term,adds tobad  connotations of depravity and corruptive influence:  
 Evil  صĴbad ж䡢Ӱĺ壺  
The unconscious is not just evil by nature, it is also the source of the highest good  (Carl Jung).
 ʶǱа񣬶ǰԴ ٸ񣩡
 Wicked   suggests conscious or premeditated moral transgression: 
 Wicked  ʹ뵽ʶԤıΥ£ 
this wicked man Hitler, the repository and embodiment of many forms of soul-destroying hatred, this monstrous product of former wrongs and shame  (Winston S. Churchill).
 а-ϣգǺܶгݳ޵ĶѻͻǴǰͳħ ˹S𼪶
?
Bad  is often used as an adverb in sentences such asThe house was shaken up pretty bad   orWe need water bad.  This usage is common in informal speechbut is widely regarded as 
unacceptable in formal writing.In an earlier survey,the sentenceHis tooth ached so bad he could not sleep  was unacceptable to 92 percent of the Usage Panel.  The use ofbadly  with 
want,   once considered incorrect,is now entirely acceptable: 
Bad ھгʣ ҡεú  ǷǳҪˮ  ڷʽݽһ÷ձ飬ʽй㷺رΪܽܡڵĵУ
۵˯ž  92%÷СԱ˵ǲܽܵġbadly  want õ÷ Ϊǲȷģȫܣ 
We wanted badly to be at the wedding.  
Ƿǳμӻ  
The adverbbadly  is often used as the complement of verbs such as feel,   as inI felt badly about the whole affair,   where the choice ofbadly  as opposed to bad   may convey an 
implication that the distress is emotional, rather than physical.Although the origin of this usage is a matter of dispute,the usage is now widespread and is supported by analogy to the 
use of other adverbs withfeel   (as inWe feel strongly about this issue ). In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted this use ofbadly  in speech, thoughbad  is less 
likely to occasion objections.   Badly   is also used in some regions to mean unwell, as inHe was looking badly after the accident   (comparepoorly,  which is also used in this 
way). In an earlier survey, however, the usage was found unacceptable in formal writing by 75 percent of the Usage Panel.
badly ʵĲ䣬 feel  ھҶ¼о У ѡbadly Ϊ bad Ķ ܴﰵʾһѹƵĸоǸϵĶϵġܶһ
Դй飬Ѻձ鲢feel ȴ֧֣ Ƕ۵ĸܺǿ  ڵУ÷Сڿʹbadly  bad 
Բ顣  Badly  ҲЩʾá¹ʺȥ  poorly ȽϣҲͬ÷ У75÷רСԱ
ʽʹʽ
?
bad
bad 2
AHD:[b2d] 
D.J.[b#d]
K.K.[b#d]
v.Archaic ʣ 
A past tense of bid 
 bidĹȥʽ

= =
badge
badge
AHD:[b2j] 
D.J.[b#d9]
K.K.[b#d9]
n.ʣ
A device or emblem worn as an insignia of rank, office, or membership in an organization.
£һΪΡλĳһ֯лԱı־ͼ
An emblem given as an award or honor.
£ΪĻ
A characteristic mark.See Synonyms at sign 
ضıǲμ sign
?
Middle English bagge 
йӢ bagge 
from Norman French bage 
Դ ŵ bage 
?
badge
v.ʣ

= =
badly
bad.ly
AHD:[b2dl?] 
D.J.[6b#dli8]
K.K.[6b#dli]
adv.Usage Problem ʣ÷ѡ 
In a bad manner.
أԶӵķʽ
Very much; greatly.See Usage Note at bad 1
ǳصزμ bad1

= =
badminton
bad.min.ton
AHD:[b2dm1ntn] 
D.J.[6b#d7m!nt*n]
K.K.[6b#d7m!nt*n]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A sport played by volleying a shuttlecock back and forth over a high, narrow net by means of a light, long-handled racket.
ëһ˶һ߶ȡȵӷΧһֻĳǰػë
?
After Badminton , the Duke of Beaufort's country seat in western England 
Դ ͵ Ӣغ 

= =
baffle
baf.fle
AHD:[b2fl] 
D.J.[6b#f*l]
K.K.[6b#f*l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
baf.fled,baf.fling,baf.fles 
To frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or perplexing; stymie.
ʹʹΪѣûķԻֹĳˣʹ
To impede the force or movement of.
谭ֹû˶
n.ʣ
A usually static device that regulates the flow of a fluid or light.
壺һͨǾ̬Һװ
A partition that prevents interference between sound waves in a loudspeaker.
壺зֹ໥ŵĸװ
?
Perhaps blend of Scottish Gaelic bauchle [to denounce, revile publicly,] 
ܻ ոĸǶ bauchle [Ǵ𣬳𣬵] 
French bafouer [to ridicule] 
 bafouer [Ц] 
?
bafflement
n.ʣ
baffler
n.ʣ

= =
bag
bag
AHD:[b2g] 
D.J.[b#g]
K.K.[b#g]
n.Abbr. bg.ʣд bg.
A container of flexible material, such as paper, plastic, or leather, that is used for carrying or storing items.
ӣͲֽϻƤɵװƷ
A handbag; a purse.
ְǮ
A piece of hand luggage, such as a suitcase or a satchel.
һõС
An organic sac or pouch, such as the udder of a cow.
ţģ鷿лٵҺһţ鷿
An object that resembles a pouch.
״ƴӵ
Nautical The bulging part of a sail.
 ңĲ
The amount that a bag can hold.
һʢ
An amount of game taken or legally permitted to be taken.
Ϸȡõ򱻷
Baseball A base.
 ݰ
Slang An area of interest or skill:
ٵ ȤɣȤó
Cooking is not my bag.
ֵ
Slang A woman considered ugly or unkempt.
ٵ ݳªŮˣΪޱ߷ݸŮ
v.ʣ
bagged,bag.ging,bags 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into or as if into a bag.
װ룺ƺ
To cause to bulge like a pouch.
ʹͣʹһĳ
To capture or kill as game:
Բһȡɱ
bagged six grouse.
6֧ɼ
Informal To gain possession of; capture.
ʽ ã񣺵õռȨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hang loosely.
ɢش
To swell out; bulge.
ͣĳ¡
?
bag itٵ
To be a truant.
ѧӿΣΪӱ߻ѧ
To cease discussion of an issue:
ֹֹۣͣͣ
Finally in disgust I told my debating opponent to bag it.
ظҵ۶ֹͣ
in the bag
Assured of a successful outcome; virtually accomplished or won.
ȲʤȯģȷгɹĽʵɻӮ
?
Middle English bagge 
йӢ bagge 
from Old Norse baggi 
Դ ˹ά baggi 
?
bagful
n.ʣ
bagger
n.ʣ

= =
baggage
bag.gage
AHD:[b2g1j] 
D.J.[6b#g!d9]
K.K.[6b#g!d9]
n.ʣ
The trunks, bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one's belongings while traveling; luggage.
ĳʱЯƷĴƤ䡢Сȣ
The movable equipment and supplies of an army.
أƶװ;ӱƷ
Superfluous or burdensome practices, regulations, ideas, or traits.
׸ʣĻ׸ϰסŻƷ
A wanton or immoral woman.
Ůˣӣ潸Ļ򲻵µĸŮ
An impudent or saucy girl or woman.
С椣С޳ܵĻçײŮŮ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a baggage handler; baggage claim.
װжҪ
?
Middle English bagage 
йӢ bagage 
from Old French bague [bundle] 
Դ ŷ bague [] 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
bake
bake
AHD:[b3k] 
D.J.[be!k]
K.K.[bek]
v.ʣ
baked,bak.ing,bakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cook (food) with dry heat, especially in an oven.
øʳƷָڿ¯
To harden or dry (something) by subjecting to heat in or as if in an oven:
ɣӲڻ¯ʹĳȱӲɣ
bake bricks.
濾ש
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cook food with dry heat.
棺øʳƷ
To become hardened or dry by or as if by having been subjected to the heat of an oven.
ɣڻ¯ȶӲ
n.ʣ
The act or process of baking.
濾Ķ
An amount baked.

A social gathering at which food is cooked by baking and then served.
濾ͻ᣺ӦʳƷһ罻ۻ
?
Middle English baken 
йӢ baken 
from Old English bacan 
Դ Ӣ bacan 

= =
balance
bal.ance
AHD:[b2lns] 
D.J.[6b#l*ns]
K.K.[6b#l*ns]
n.ʣ
A weighing device, especially one consisting of a rigid beam horizontally suspended by a low-friction support at its center, with identical weighing pans hung at either end, one of which 
holds an unknown weight while the effective weight in the other is increased by known amounts until the beam is level and motionless.
ƽӣһֳߣرָмһĦ֧ˮƽһӲϵĳӣȫȵĳ̹ͷһͷʢδ֪һͷЧ룬
̧֪ߣֱ˳ˮƽ״ֹ̬ͣ˶
A state of equilibrium or parity characterized by cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces.
ƽ⣺ƽȵ״̬෴ص
The power or means to decide.
򷽷
A state of bodily equilibrium.
ƽ״̬
A stable mental or psychological state; emotional stability.
ƽȶľ״̬ȶ
A harmonious or satisfying arrangement or proportion of parts or elements, as in a design.
ͣгЭģĸֻ֮İŻһͼ
An influence or force tending to produce equilibrium; counterpoise.
ƽڲƽӰƽ⡢
The difference in magnitude between opposing forces or influences.
ƺ⣺ӰڴСϵĲ
Accounting 
ѧ 
Equality of totals in the debit and credit sides of an account.
֧ƽ⣺Ŀн跽ʹ
The difference between such totals, either on the credit or the debit side.
֧Ǵǽ跽ϵĲ
Something that is left over; a remainder.
ʣµĳ
Chemistry Equality of mass and net electric charge of reacting species on each side of an equation.
ѧ ѧƽ⣺ӦʽӦĴɷľ
Mathematics Equality with respect to the net number of reduced symbolic quantities on each side of an equation.
ѧ ƽʽڵʽйԼľֵ
A balance wheel.

v.ʣ
bal.anced,bal.anc.ing,bal.anc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a weighing device.
ڻڳгƣĳ
To compare by or as if by turning over in the mind:
зرȽϣ
balanced the pros and cons before making a final decision.
ǰȨ޳ɺͷ
To bring into or maintain in a state of equilibrium.
ʹƽ⣺򱣳һƽ״̬
To act as an equalizing weight or force to; counterbalance.
ʹȵʹƽ
Accounting 
ѧ 
To compute the difference between the debits and credits of (an account).
֧跽ʹϣĲ
To reconcile or equalize the sums of the debits and credits of (an account).
ʹ֧ƽ⣺ʹ跽ʹܶ
To settle (an account, for example) by paying what is owed.
ʹĿƽ⣺֧Ƿ㣨磬Ŀ
To bring into or keep in equal or satisfying proportion or harmony.
ʹгʹг򱣳ȵĻıг״̬
Mathematics To bring (an equation) into balance.
ѧ ʹʽƽ
Chemistry To bring (an equation) into balance.
ѧ ʹӦʽƽ
To move toward and then away from (a dance partner).
ǰƶǰƶȻ뿪飩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in or come into equilibrium.
ƽ⣺ڻƽ״̬
To be equal or equivalent.
⣺Ȼ൱
To sway or waver as if losing or regaining equilibrium.
ԥҡڻζʧȥָƽ
To move toward and then away from a dance partner.
ǰƶǰƶȻԶ
?
in the balance
In an undetermined and often critical position:
δҪͷδȷĻ򾭳ǹؼԵλã
Our plans were left hanging in the balance. Resolution of these matters is still in the balance.
ǵļƻδ״̬ЩĽδ֪
on balance
Taking everything into consideration; all in all.
֮ܶһ鿼ڣһе
?
Middle English balaunce 
йӢ balaunce 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *bilancia [having two scale pans] 
Դ  *bilancia [̶ȳ̵] 
from Latin bilanx 
Դ  bilanx 
bi- [two] * see  dwo- 
bi- [] *μ dwo- 
lanx [scale] 
lanx [̶] 
?
balance,equilibrium,equipoise,poise
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a state of stability resulting from the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces: 
ЩеĹͬ˼ǡһȶ״̬ȵĶ 
upsetting the balance of nature through the use of insecticides;
ɱʹƻȻƽ⣻
equilibrium of power between Western and Eastern countries;
֮Ȩ⣻
the weights of a scale in equipoise;
ƽ״̬ĳ̷룻
a poise between disparate and contradictory emotions. See also Synonyms at  proportion ,remainder imbalance 
໥ìܵĸ֮ƽ μͬ proportion,remainderimbalance
?
Balance
Bal.ance
AHD:[b2lns] 
D.J.[6b#l*ns]
K.K.[6b#l*ns]
n.ʣ
See  Libra 
μ  Libra 

= =
bald
bald
AHD:[b?ld] 
D.J.[b%8ld]
K.K.[b%ld]
adj.ݴʣ
bald.er,bald.est 
Lacking hair on the head.
ͺͷģͷȱͷ
Lacking a natural or usual covering:
ͺģȱȻĻͨĸģ
a bald spot on the lawn.
ƺϹͺͺһ
Zoology Having white feathers or markings on the head, as in some birds or mammals.
ѧ װߵģͷаɫëװߵģЩ鶯
Lacking ornamentation; unadorned.
ȱװεģδε
Undisguised; blunt:
εģֱģ
a bald statement of policy.
ε߳
?
Middle English balled 
йӢ balled 
probably from bal [ball] * see  ball 1
Դ bal [] *μ ball1
?
baldly
adv.ʣ
baldness
n.ʣ

= =
ball
ball 1
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b%8l]
K.K.[b%l]
n.ʣ
A spherical or almost spherical body:
壺λ򼸺ε壺
a ball of flame.
һŻ
A spherical object or entity:
ʵ壺
a steel ball.
һ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
Any of various rounded, movable objects used in various athletic activities and games.
ڸеԲεĿƶ
Such an object moving, thrown, hit, or kicked in a particular manner:
ͶһضʽͶл߳˶
a low ball; a fair ball.
ͷ򣻺
A game, especially baseball, played with such an object.
Ͷһеıָ
A pitched baseball that does not pass through the strike zone and is not swung at by the batter.
һͶİδͨδֻ
A solid spherical or pointed projectile, such as one shot from a cannon.
ڵһ״䵯Ӵڵ
Projectiles of this kind considered as a group.
һ䵯
A rounded part or protuberance, especially of the body:
һԲβֻ¡ָϵģ
the ball of the foot.
㲿Բβλ
balls Vulgar Slang 
 balls  ٵ 
The testicles.
غ
Courage, especially when reckless.
£ָ˺
Great presumptuousness.
ǳרᣬ
v.ʣ
balled,ball.ing,balls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form into a ball.
ѡŪ״
Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse with.
 ٵ 롭Թϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become formed into a ball.
ʹ
Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse.
 ٵ Խ
?
ball up
To confuse; bungle.
󣻸
?
on the ballʽ
Alert, competent, or efficient:
ģĻЧʵģ
a teacher who is really on the ball.
ܸɵʦ
Relating to qualities, such as competence, skill, or knowledge, that are necessary for success:
ɹıرɻ֪ʶȳɹҪƷʣ
a manager who has a lot on the ball; a student who has nothing on the ball.
һܸɵľһʲôҲѧ
?
Middle English bal 
йӢ bal 
probably from Old English *beall * see  bhel- 2
Դ Ӣ *beall *μ bhel- 2
?
ball
ball 2
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b%8l]
K.K.[b%l]
n.ʣ
A formal gathering for social dancing.
罻᣺һʽĽۻ
Slang An extremely enjoyable time or experience:
ٵ ľֵʱ
We had a ball during our vacation.
żڼļ価
?
French bal 
 bal 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from baller [to dance] 
Դ baller [] 
from Late Latin ball3e 
Դ  ball3e 
from Greek ballizein * see  g wel- 
Դ ϣ ballizein *μ g wel- 
?
Ball
Ball
AHD:[b?l] John  Called the Mad Priest.(Died 1381) 
D.J.[b%8l]
K.K.[b%l]
NONE޴ԣ
English social agitator who was executed for his role in the Peasants' Revolt (1381).
Լ( 1381) ӢĶң롰ũ塱1381꣩
?
Ball
BallLucille (1911-1989)
NONE޴ԣ
American actress best known as the star of the popular situation comedyI Love Lucy  (1951-1956). 
¶(1911-1989) ŮԱͨ龰ϲ硶Ұ¶ 1951-1956꣩ 

= =
ballet
bal.let
AHD:[b2-l3, b2l3] 
D.J.[b#6le!, 6b#l7e!]
K.K.[b#6le, 6b#l7e]
n.ʣ
A classical dance form characterized by grace and precision of movement and elaborate formal technique, often but not always performed on point by the women dancers.
裺һֹŵ赸ʽصΪšȷ͸ھƵͼɣͨŮԱýż赸
A theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing to a musical accompaniment, usually with costume and scenic effects, conveying a story or theme.
磺ְеȺϷݣͨԷװͲЧһ»
A musical composition written or used for this dance form.
֣ΪٶдڰƷ
A company or group that performs ballet.
ţݰĹ˾
?
French 
 
from Italian balletto [diminutive of] ballo [dance] 
Դ  balletto  [] balloС׺ [赸] 
from ballare [to dance] * see  ballerina 
Դ ballare [] *μ ballerina
?
balletic
AHD:[b2-lt1k] ݴʣ

= =
balloon
bal.loon
AHD:[b-l?n] 
D.J.[b*6lu8n]
K.K.[b*6lun]
n.ʣ
A flexible, nonporous bag inflated with a gas, such as helium, that is lighter than the surrounding air, that causes the bag to rise and float in the atmosphere.
һеԡ޿׳͵ңΧĺʹƯڴ
Such a bag with sufficient capacity to lift a suspended gondola or other payload.
ɴ㹻һص
Any of variously shaped, brightly colored inflatable rubber bags used as toys.
һ״ɫ졢ߵĳ
Medicine A sac that is inserted into a body cavity or tube and distended with air or gas for therapeutic purposes, such as angioplasty.
ҽѧ ңĿĶǻڵĳңѪܳ
A rounded or irregularly shaped outline containing the words that a character in a cartoon is represented to be saying.
ԲȦȦпͨƬ˵ĻԲλ򲻹
v.ʣ
bal.looned,bal.loon.ing,bal.loons 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To ascend or ride in a balloon.
Уʻ
To expand or swell out like a balloon.See Synonyms at bulge 
һͣһչͲμ bulge
To increase or rise quickly.
ǣѸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to expand by or as if by inflating.
ʹͣ
adj.ݴʣ
Suggestive of a balloon, as in shape:
ģģ״ϣ
balloon curtains.
״ΧĻ
?
French ballon 
 ballon 
from Italian dialectal ballone [augmentative of] balla [ball] 
Դ  ballone  [] ballaɷ [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhel- 2
[Դն] *μ bhel- 2
?
balloonist
n.ʣ

= =
ban
ban 1
AHD:[b2n] 
D.J.[b#n]
K.K.[b#n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
banned,ban.ning,bans 
To prohibit, especially by official decree.See Synonyms at forbid 
ָֹֹùٷμ forbid
South African To deprive (a person suspected of illegal activity) of the right of free movement and association with others.
Ϸǡ ȨᣨзǷΪ˵ģжϵȨ
Archaic To curse.
 
n.ʣ
An excommunication or condemnation by church officials.
ţ̻
A prohibition imposed by law or official decree.
ɷɻٷǿԽֹ
Censure, condemnation, or disapproval expressed especially by public opinion.
ǴָָǴ
A curse; an imprecation.
䣻
A summons to arms in feudal times.
⽨ʱξĶԱ
?
Middle English bannen [to summon, banish, curse] 
йӢ bannen [٣ֹ] 
from Old English bannan [to summon,] 
Դ Ӣ bannan [] 
and from Old Norse banna [to prohibit, curse] * see  bh3- 2
Դ ˹ά banna [ֹ] *μ bh3- 2
?
ban
ban 2
AHD:[b?n] 
D.J.[b$8n]
K.K.[b$n]
n.ʣ
 ba.ni[b?n?]  
A unit of currency in Romania.See table at currency 
᣺ǵĻҵλμ currency
?
Romanian 
 
from Serbo-Croatian b3n [lord] 
Դ ά-޵ b3n [] 
from Turkic bayan [very rich person] 
Դ ͻ bayan [ǳе] 
bay [rich] ; akin to  Turkish bay [rich, gentleman] 
bay []    bay [ˣʿ] 
-an [intensive suff] 
-an [ǿǰ׺] 

= =
banana
ba.nan.a
AHD:[b-n2n] 
D.J.[b*6n#n*]
K.K.[b*6n#n*]
n.ʣ
Any of several treelike Asian herbs of the genusMusa,  especially M. acuminata,  having a terminal crown of large, entire leaves and a hanging cluster of fruits. 
ŽֲһްŽ ݱֲָ ҶŽ дĶҶںҳɴĹʵ 
The elongated, edible fruit of these plants, having a thick yellowish to reddish skin and white, aromatic, seedless pulp.
㽶ЩֲĳġʳùʵдǳɫǳɫĺƤͰɫġζѹ
?
Portuguese 
 
Spanish 
 
from Wolof 
Դ  
Mandingo, 
 
Fulani 
 

= =
band
band 1
AHD:[b2nd] 
D.J.[b#nd]
K.K.[b#nd]
n.ʣ
A thin strip of flexible material used to encircle and bind one object or to hold a number of objects together:
ɵխڰһɸһ
a metal band around the bale of cotton.
ްĽ
A strip or stripe that contrasts with something else in color, texture, or material.
ƣɫ֯ʵػĶγɶյ
A narrow strip of fabric used to trim, finish, or reinforce articles of clothing.
ߣխ֯Σƻӹ̲ƥ
Something that constrains or binds morally or legally:
ԼڵϻܵƻԼ
the bands of marriage and family.
ͼͥԼ
A simple ungrooved ring, especially a wedding ring.
ָһּ򵥵δ̻ƵĽָָָ
A neckband or collar.
Ȧ
bands The two strips hanging from the front of a collar as part of the dress of certain clerics, scholars, and lawyers.
 bands ǰ洹µӣʦѧ߻ʦװһ
A high collar popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.
죺1617͵ĸ
Biology A chromatically, structurally, or functionally differentiated strip or stripe in or on an organism.
ѧ Ⱥ飺ڻȾɫʡṹϲͬȺ
Anatomy A cordlike tissue that connects or holds structures together.
ѧ ״֯֯һ״֯
Physics 
ѧ 
A specific range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
ΣŷĲƵʵضΧ
A range of very closely spaced electron energy levels in solids, the distribution and nature of which determine the electrical properties of a material.
ܴмܽĵܼΧֲصòϵ
Any of the distinct grooves on a long-playing phonograph record that contains an individual selection or a separate section of a whole.
ۣƬκ·Ƭѡһ
Computer Science Circular tracks on a storage device such as a disk.
ѧ Ź죺洢豸ϵĻƵ
The cords across the back of a book to which the sheets or quires are attached.
װߣ鼹ֽŶһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
band.ed,band.ing,bands 
To tie, bind, or encircle with or as if with a band.
ô
To mark or identify with or as if with a band:
ô־ʶôô־
a program to band migrating birds.
Ӵ־ļƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse band [band, fetter,] 
Դ ˹ά band [] 
and from Old French bande [band, strip] 
Դ ŷ bande [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhendh- 
[Դն] *μ bhendh- 
?
band
band 2
AHD:[b2nd] 
D.J.[b#nd]
K.K.[b#nd]
n.ʣ
A group of people.
һ
A group of animals.
һȺ
Music A group of players who perform as an ensemble.
֡ ֶӣΪݳһ
v.ʣ
band.ed,band.ing,bands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assemble or unite in a group.
ʹŽ᣺ϻϳһȺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a group; unite:
Ž᣺γһȺϣ
banded together for protection.
Ž󱣻
?
Old French [probably of Germanic origin] 
ŷ [Դն] 
?
band,company,corps,party,troop,troupe
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a group of individuals acting together in a shared activity or enterprise: 
Щʵ˼ǡͬһҵһȺ塱 
a band of thieves;
һȺ
a company of scientists;
һȺѧң
a corps of drummers;
һ֣
a party of tourists;
һߣ
a troop of students on a field trip;
һȺεѧ
a troupe of actors. 
һȺԱ 

= =
bandage
band.age
AHD:[b2nd1j] 
D.J.[6b#nd!d9]
K.K.[6b#nd!d9]
n.ʣ
A strip of material such as gauze used to protect, immobilize, compress, or support a wound or injured body part.
ɴȲɵ̶ѹȻ֧˿ڻ˵֫
v.tr.ﶯʣ
band.aged,band.ag.ing,band.ag.es 
To apply a bandage to.
ñ
?
French 
 
from Old French bande [band, strip] * see  band 1
Դ ŷ bande [] *μ band1
?
bandager
n.ʣ

= =
bang
bang 1
AHD:[b2ng] 
D.J.[b#0]
K.K.[b#0]
n.ʣ
A sudden loud noise, as of an explosion.
죺ͻľ죬籬ը
A sudden loud blow or bump.
Ȼ죺һͻײ
Informal A sudden burst of action:
ʽ ͻȻʼУ
The campaign started off with a bang.
˶ҵؿչ
Slang A sense of excitement; a thrill:
ٵ ˷ܣĸоһ
We got a bang out of watching the old movies.
ٿյӰƬʹǼ
v.ʣ
banged,bang.ing,bangs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike heavily and often repeatedly; bump.
ػزͨǷشײ
To close suddenly and loudly; slam.
ϣͻȻزعϣײ
To handle noisily or violently:
ؽŵذŪ
banged the pots in the kitchen.
ڳŪ
Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse with.
 ٵ 롭Խ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a sudden loud, explosive noise.
ͻ죺ͻȻҵıը
To crash noisily against or into something:
ûصײײĳ
My elbow banged against the door.
ҵĸ첲ײ
adv.ʣ
Exactly; precisely:
ã׼ȷ
The arrow hit bang on the target.
а
?
bang away
To assail insistently, especially with questions.
ָر
To work diligently and often at length:
Ŭͨǳõع
banged away at the project until it was finished.
Ŀǰһֱͷ
bang up
To damage extensively:
صƻ
banged up the car.
ײ
?
Probably from Old Norse bang [a hammering] 
Դ ˹ά bang [] 
?
bang
bang 2
AHD:[b2ng] 
D.J.[b#0]
K.K.[b#0]
n.ʣ
A fringe of hair cut short and straight across the forehead. Often used in the plural.
ǰ̵ͷǰֱͷڸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
banged,bang.ing,bangs 
To cut (hair) in bangs.
ѣǰͷʽ
?
Perhaps short for bangtail 
Ϊ bangtailļд
?
bang
bang 3
AHD:[b2ng] 
D.J.[b#0]
K.K.[b#0]
n.ʣ
Variant of bhang 
 bhangı
?
bang
bang 4
AHD:[bn-y3] 
D.J.[ben6je!]
K.K.[bWn6je]
n.ʣ
Southern Louisiana Variant of beignet 
·˹ϲ  beignetı

= =
bank
bank 1
AHD:[b2ngk] 
D.J.[b#0k]
K.K.[b#0k]
n.ʣ
A piled-up mass, as of snow or clouds.See Synonyms at heap 
ѻ㣺ѩȶѻſμ heap
A steep natural incline.
£ȻγɵĶ͵Ļ
An artificial embankment.
̣˹ĺӵ
Often banks The slope of land adjoining a body of water, especially adjoining a river, lake, or channel.
  banks ˮ½б£½ˮӵһб£رָӺӡ˺ӵб
Often banks A large elevated area of a sea floor.
  banks б£бĺ
Games The cushion of a billiard or pool table.
Ϸ ̨ߣײ̨ײ̧
The lateral inward tilting, as of a motor vehicle or an aircraft, in turning or negotiating a curve.
бɻתԽϰʱڲб
v.ʣ
banked,bank.ing,banks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To border or protect with a ridge or embankment.
Χ̷Сָ̰
To pile up; amass:
ۣѡѻۣ
banked earth along the wall.
ǽ߰
To cover (a fire), as with ashes or fresh fuel, to ensure continued low burning.
ѹûһµȼơ⡢ѹ¯άСȼ
To construct with a slope rising to the outside edge:
б£бб½죺
The turns on the racetrack were steeply banked.
Ĺ䴦б·
To tilt (an aircraft) laterally and inwardly in flight.
бǰʹɻڷڲб
To tilt (a motor vehicle) laterally and inwardly when negotiating a curve.
бʹڹʱڻб
Games To strike (a billiard ball) so that it rebounds from the cushion of the table.
Ϸ ѣӣ򵽵̨Ƥʹ֮
Sports To play (a ball) in such a way as to make it glance off a surface, such as a backboard or wall.
˶ ʹģʹ֮赲絲ǽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise in or take the form of a bank.
б״»б
To tilt an aircraft or a motor vehicle laterally when turning.
ʹ㣺תʱڲбɻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
bank
bank 2
AHD:[b2ngk] 
D.J.[b#0k]
K.K.[b#0k]
n.Abbr. bk.ʣд bk.
A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged.
УнǮ桢Ͷʡȵҵ
The offices or building in which such an establishment is located.
ڵأֻڵİ칫һ¥
Games 
Ϸ 
The funds of a gambling establishment.
Ĳĳ
The funds held by a dealer or banker in some gambling games.
ׯҵĶıĳЩĲϷз߻ׯеֿ
The reserve pieces, cards, chips, or play money in some games, such as poker, from which the players may draw.
ʣƣĳЩϷ˿ϷбšƬֽǮϷ߿Դг
A supply or stock for future or emergency use:
棺ԱĿ棺
a grain bank.

Medicine A supply of human tissues or other materials, such as blood, skin, or sperm, held in reserve for future use.
ҽѧ ⣺֯ʣѪҺƤӵԱ֮õĴ
A place of safekeeping or storage:
أȫŴ涫ĵط
a computer's memory bank.
Լ
Obsolete A moneychanger's table or place of business.
 Ӫҵ̨Ҷһ̵Ĺ̨Ӫҵ
v.ʣ
banked,bank.ing,banks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deposit in or as if in a bank.
ǮǮƺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To transact business with a bank or maintain a bank account.
ҵд
To operate a bank.

?
bank on
To have confidence in; rely on.
ָڡģ
?
French banque 
 banque 
from Old Italian banca [bench, moneychanger's table] 
Դ  banca [̨Ҷһ̵Ĺ̨] 
from Old High German banc 
Դ Ÿߵص banc 
?
bank
bank 3
AHD:[b2ngk] 
D.J.[b#0k]
K.K.[b#0k]
n.ʣ
A set of similar or matched things arranged in a row, especially:
һ飬һУһŻһƻصƷָ
A set of elevators.
һ׵
A row of keys on a keyboard.
ţϵһż
Nautical 
 
A bench for rowers in a galley.
ϯλľﻮߵİ
A row of oars in a galley.
ľϵһŽ
Printing The lines of type under a headline.
ӡˢ ֽȵĸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
banked,bank.ing,banks 
To arrange or set up in a row:
ѡгһţ
Every street was banked with purple-blooming trees(Doris Lessing)
ÿֵ߶ʢϻ(˿)
?
Middle English [bench] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French banc 
Դ ŷ banc 
from Late Latin bancus 
Դ  bancus 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
bankrupt
bank.rupt
AHD:[b2ngkr?pt, -rpt] 
D.J.[6b#0k7rJpt, -r*pt]
K.K.[6b#0k7rJpt, -r*pt]
n.Abbr. bkpt.ʣд bkpt.
Law A debtor that, upon voluntary petition or one invoked by the debtor's creditors, is judged legally insolvent. The debtor's remaining property is then administered for the creditors or 
is distributed among them.
ɡ ƲߣԸծ˵ծȨڷϱжΪ޳ծծˡծ˵ʣƲծȨ˹ծȨ֮
A person who is totally lacking in a specified resource or quality:
֪ˣĳԻƷʷȫȱˣ
an intellectual bankrupt.
һ֪ʶҲûе
adj.ݴʣ
Having been legally declared financially insolvent.
ƲģɷԺƲ
Financially ruined; impoverished.
ƶģʽݽߵģһƶϴ
Depleted of valuable qualities or characteristics:
°ܻģɥʧмֵƷʻԸģ
a morally and ethically bankrupt politician.
ɥ
Totally depleted; destitute:
ݽߵģȫݽߵģȱģ
was bankrupt of new ideas.
ǭ¿
Being in a ruined state:
ٻģѻٻ״̬ģ
a bankrupt foreign policy.
ѸƲ⽻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bank.rupt.ed,bank.rupt.ing,bank.rupts 
To cause to become financially bankrupt.
ʹƲʹɾϵƲ
To ruin:
ɥʧģ
an administration that bankrupted its credibility by seeking to manipulate the news.
ڸʵʧȥ˶
?
French banqueroute 
 banqueroute 
from Italian bancarotta 
Դ  bancarotta 
banca [moneychanger's table] * see  bank 2
banca [Ҷһ̵Ĺ̨] *μ bank2
rotta [past participle of] rompere [to break]  from Latin rumpere * see  reup- 
rotta  [] rompereĹȥִ [ƻ]  Դ  rumpere *μ reup- 
?
bankruptcy
AHD:[-rpt-s?, -rp-s?] ʣ
bankruptive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
banner
ban.ner
AHD:[b2nr] 
D.J.[6b#n*]
K.K.[6b#n+]
n.ʣ
A piece of cloth attached to a staff and used as a standard by a monarch, military commander, or knight.
죬ģʿİϵһ鲼
The flag of a nation, a state, or an army.
졢
A piece of cloth bearing a motto or legend, as of a club.
ӣʵĺֲ
A headline spanning the width of a newspaper page.
ֱֽͨ
Botany See  standard 
ֲѧ μ  standard 
adj.ݴʣ
Unusually good; outstanding:
رõģܳģ
a banner year for the company.
˾رһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ban.nered,ban.ner.ing,ban.ners ʽ 
To give a banner headline to (a story or an item) in a newspaper.
ֱͨڱֽϷĳ»ĳϢ
?
Middle English banere 
йӢ banere 
from Old French baniere 
Դ ŷ baniere 
from Vulgar Latin *band3a 
Դ  *band3a 
from Late Latin bandum 
Դ  bandum 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bh3- 1
[Դն] *μ bh3- 1

= =
bar
bar 1
AHD:[b?r] 
D.J.[b$8]
K.K.[b$r]
n.ʣ
A relatively long, straight, rigid piece of solid material used as a fastener, support, barrier, or structural or mechanical member.
һֱӲĹʣ̶֧赲ṹе
A solid oblong block of a substance, such as soap or candy.
飺ʳεĿ飬ǹ
A rectangular block of a precious metal.
ؽĳ
Something that impedes or prevents action or progress.See Synonyms at obstacle 
ϰϰֹĳжĶμ obstacle
A ridge, as of sand or gravel, on a shore or streambed, that is formed by the action of tides or currents.
ɳޣɳ̲ںߣӴȴɳӻСʯγɵ¡ɳˮˮ˶γ
A narrow marking, as a stripe or band.
ϸƣһխǣƻ״
Heraldry A pair of horizontal parallel lines drawn across a shield.
ѧ ϵĺƣڶϵˮƽƽ
Law 
ɡ 
The nullification, defeat, or prevention of a claim or action.
ֹϣϻͷΪķֹܻ
The process by which nullification, defeat, or prevention is achieved.
ȡϵĳɷȡֹΪĳ
The railing in a courtroom enclosing the part of the room where the judges and lawyers sit, witnesses are heard, and prisoners are tried.
ΧͥΧסٺʦλã֤֤ﷸеΧ
A place of judgment; a tribunal.
ͥеĵطͥ
Law 
ɡ 
Attorneys considered as a group.
ʦţһ֯ʦ
The profession of law.
ɽ
Music 
֡ 
A vertical line dividing a staff into equal measures.
Сߣ׷ֳȽĵ
A measure.
С
A counter at which drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, and sometimes food, are served.
̨רرǾ֮ϵĹ̨ʱӦʳƷ
An establishment or room having such a counter.
ưɼ䣺̨Ľ򷿼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
barred,bar.ring,bars 
To fasten securely with a long, straight, rigid piece of material.
ţóֱҼӲĲƳɵĶι̵ϵ
To shut in or out with or as if with bars.
أرգûú˹ؽس
To obstruct or impede; block.
赲谭
To keep out; exclude.See Synonyms at hinder 1
ѡų⣻μ hinder1
To rule out; except.
ųȥ
To mark with stripes or bands.
ƣƻ״
Law To stop (a claim or action) by objection.
ɡ ֹϣ÷Եֹϻͣ
prep.ʣ
Except for; excluding:
֮⣻ڣ
This was your best performance, bar none.
⣬õݳ
?
behind bars
In prison.

?
Middle English barre 
йӢ barre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *barra 
Դ  *barra 
?
bar
bar 2
AHD:[b?r] 
D.J.[b$8]
K.K.[b$r]
n.ʣ
A unit of pressure equal to one million (106) dynes per square centimeter. 
ͣѹǿλÿƽһ106 
?
Greek baros [weight] * see  g wer- 1
ϣ baros [] *μ g wer- 1
?
BAR
BAR
abbr.
 Browning automatic rifle. 
Browning automatic rifle.

= =
barber
bar.ber
AHD:[b?rbr] 
D.J.[6b$8b*]
K.K.[6b$rb+]
n.ʣ
One whose business is to cut hair and to shave or trim beards.
ʦ͹޺빤
v.ʣ
bar.bered,bar.ber.ing,bar.bers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut the hair of.

To shave or trim the beard of.
棬޼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work as a barber.
ʦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French barbour 
Դ ŷ barbour 
from Medieval Latin barb3?r} 
Դ  barb3?r} 
from Latin barba [beard] * see  bhardh-3- 
Դ  barba [] *μ bhardh-3- 
?
Barber
Bar.ber
AHD:[b?rbr] Samuel (1910-1981) 
D.J.[6b$8b*]
K.K.[6b$rb+]
NONE޴ԣ
American composer whose works includeAdagio for Strings  (1936) and the opera Vanessa  (1958), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 
ͲѶ(1910-1981) ңƷ塷 1936꣩͸  1958꣩Ʒʹٻ߽ 

= =
bare
bare 1
AHD:[bar] 
D.J.[be*]
K.K.[bWr]
adj.ݴʣ
bar.er,bar.est 
Lacking the usual or appropriate covering or clothing; naked:
ģûͨʵĸģû·ģģ
a bare arm.
Ÿ첲
Exposed to view; undisguised:
¶ģڵģ
bare fangs.
¶Ķ
Lacking the usual furnishings, equipment, or decoration:
װεģȱͨʩ豸װεģ
bare walls.
ûװεǽ
Having no addition, adornment, or qualification:
޶ģεģ޶ģ
the bare facts.See Synonyms at empty 
ЩȾʵμ empty
Just sufficient; mere:
ոճģ
the bare necessities.
ͱƷ
Obsolete Bareheaded.
 ͷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bared,bar.ing,bares 
To make bare; uncover or reveal:
ʹ㣬й¶ʹ㣻ȥ¶
bared their heads; baring secrets.See Synonyms at strip 1
¶ǵԴй¶ܲμ strip1
To expose:
¶
The dog bared its teeth.
¶
?
Middle English bar 
йӢ bar 
from Old English b?r * see  bhoso- 
Դ Ӣ b?r *μ bhoso- 
?
bareness
n.ʣ
?
bare
bare 2
AHD:[bar] 
D.J.[be*]
K.K.[bWr]
v.Archaic ʣ 
A past tense of bear 1
 bearĹȥʽ1

= =
barely
bare.ly
AHD:[barl?] 
D.J.[6be*li8]
K.K.[6bWrli]
adv.ʣ
By a very little; hardly:
ûУ
could barely see the road in the fog.
мܿ·
In a scanty manner; sparsely:
ªأ٣
a barely furnished room.
ªķ

= =
bargain
bar.gain
AHD:[b?rg1n] 
D.J.[6b$8g!n]
K.K.[6b$rg!n]
n.ʣ
An agreement between parties fixing obligations that each promises to carry out.
ЭɼȷεЭκһŵ
An agreement establishing the terms of a sale or exchange of goods or services:
Լ涨˳ۻ򽻻Ʒ֮ĺԼ
finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the lamp.
Ŷǩ˹ƵԼ
Property acquired or services rendered as a result of such an agreement.
ֺԼĺԼõĲƲ
Something offered or acquired at a price advantageous to the buyer.
ۻԶļ۸ۻ
v.ʣ
bar.gained,bar.gain.ing,bar.gains 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To negotiate the terms of an agreement, as to sell or exchange.
̸У̸ͽȺͬ
To engage in collective bargaining.
м̸
To arrive at an agreement.
Э
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exchange; trade:
⣺
bargained my watch for a meal.
ҵıһٷ
?
bargain for  
bargain on
To count on; expect:
ָڴ
I never bargained for this tearing feeling inside me(Anne Tyler)
Ҵû뵽Լ˼ҵĸ顱(ݡ̩)
?
into the bargain 
in the bargain
Over and above what is expected; in addition.
ϣֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bargaigne [haggling] 
Դ ŷ bargaigne [۲ݵ] 
from bargaignier [to haggle] 
Դ bargaignier [۲] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhergh- 1
[Դն] *μ bhergh- 1
?
bargainer
n.ʣ
?
bargain,compact,contract,covenant,deal
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an agreement arrived at after discussion in which the parties involved promise to honor their respective obligations: 
Щʵ˼ǡɼ֮ɵŵиЭ 
kept his end of the bargain and mowed the lawn;
еźͬеһ--ݣ
made a compact to correspond regularly;
Լʹһ£
a legally binding contract to install new windows in the house;
涨Ҫװ´зԼԼ
a covenant for mutual defense;
ౣԼ
annoyance that wasn't part of the deal. 
Լ֮ĸ 

= =
bark
bark 1
AHD:[b?rk] 
D.J.[b$8k]
K.K.[b$rk]
n.ʣ
The harsh, abrupt sound uttered by a dog.
̶Ķ̴ٵĹ
A sound, such as a cough, that is similar to a dog's bark.
Ʒƹе
v.ʣ
barked,bark.ing,barks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter the harsh, abrupt sound of a dog.
ͣУ̶̴ٵĹ
To make a sound similar to a bark:
ȮȮƵ죺
The birds bark softly, sounding almost like young pups(Charleston SC News and Courier)
СƵ͵ؽš(˹źʹ)
To speak sharply; snap:
˵ٵ˵
It is power that can often be misusedas when an obscure lieutenant colonel can bark at a Pentagon general, commanding him to do something questionable because the White 
House wants it done(John Hughes)
õȨһУǴ¥Ľȥ֮£Ϊ׹ϣ(Լ˹)
To work as a barker, as at a carnival.
д˿ͣѲݳﵱڵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter in a loud, harsh voice:
ִٵ˵
The quarterback barked out the signals.
еģķź
?
bark up the wrong tree
To misdirect one's energies or attention.
ҴĿ꣺עڴط
?
From Middle English berken [to bark] 
Դ йӢ berken [ͽ] 
from Old English beorcan 
Դ Ӣ beorcan 
?
bark
bark 2
AHD:[b?rk] 
D.J.[b$8k]
K.K.[b$rk]
n.ʣ
The tough outer covering of the woody stems and roots of trees, shrubs, and other woody plants. It includes all tissues outside the vascular cambium.
ƤƤľľֲĸӲƤάγɲ֯
A specific kind of bark used for a special purpose, as in tanning or medicine.
ƤһƤ;Ƹҽҩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
barked,bark.ing,barks 
To remove bark from (a tree or log).
ƤȥľľϣƤ
To rub off the skin of; abrade:
ơƤˣ
barked my shin on the car door.
СŲҵֲ
To treat medically, tan, or dye using bark.
ƤβƸӡȾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse b?rkr 
Դ ˹ά b?rkr 
?
bark
bark 3Ҳ barque
AHD:[b?rk] 
D.J.[b$8k]
K.K.[b$rk]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A sailing ship with from three to five masts, all of them square-rigged except the after mast, which is fore-and-aft rigged.
ΦΦ˵ķ˺󲿵ΦݷװΦ˶кᷫװ
A small vessel that is propelled by oars or sails.
ۣýС
?
Middle English barke [boat] 
йӢ barke [] 
from Old French barque 
Դ ŷ barque 
from Old Italian barca 
Դ  barca 
from Latin 
Դ  

= =
barn
barn
AHD:[b?rn] 
D.J.[b$8n]
K.K.[b$rn]
n.ʣ
A large farm building used for storing farm products and sheltering livestock.
Ȳ֣֣ũƷڸĴũ
A large shed for the housing of vehicles, such as railroad cars.
⣺ŴĴⷿй糵
A particularly large, typically bare building:
һرҿյķݣ
lived in a barn of a country house.
סһյũ
Abbr. bPhysics A unit of area equal to 10-4 square centimeter, used to measure collision cross sections. 
д bѧ Уλ10-4ƽףײ 
?
Middle English bern 
йӢ bern 
from Old English ber?rn 
Դ Ӣ ber?rn 
bere [barley] * see  bhares- 
bere [] *μ bhares- 
?rn [house] 
?rn [] 

= =
barrel
bar.rel
AHD:[b2rl] 
D.J.[6b#r*l]
K.K.[6b#r*l]
n.ʣ
A large, cylindrical container, usually made of staves bound together with hoops, with a flat top and bottom of equal diameter.
ͰԲδͰ弰Χɣƽƽֱͬ
The quantity that a barrel with a given or standard capacity will hold.
һͰ֮һֻͰװĹ̶׼
Abbr. bar.,bbl,bbl.,bl.Any of various units of volume or capacity. In the U.S. Customary System it varies, as a liquid measure, from 31 to 42 gallons (120 to 159 liters) as established by 
law or usage.See table at measurement 
д bar.,bbl,bbl.,bl.һͰҺ֮λλһϵͳУΪҺλֵڱ÷ȷֵ31ص42أ120159
֮䶯μ measurement
The cylindrical part or hollow shaft of any of various mechanisms, as:
ԲͲκλеԲβֻյĸ״磺
The metal, cylindrical part of a firearm through which the bullet travels.
ǹܣǹԲν֣ӵ
A cylinder that contains a movable piston.
ͲװпƶĻԲ״
The drum of a capstan.
Ͳ̵ԲͲ״
The cylinder within the mechanism of a timepiece that contains the mainspring.
УһԲװı
Informal A large quantity:
ʽ 
a barrel of fun.
ǳȤ
Slang An act or an instance of moving rapidly, often recklessly, in a motor vehicle.
ٵ çײʻҳçײʻĹ̻
adj.ݴʣ
Likened to a barrel, as in shape:
Ͱ״ģͰģ״Ͱģ
a barrel chest; barrel hips.
ڷزβ
v.ʣ
bar.reled  bar.relled bar.rel.ing  bar.rel.ling bar.rels  bar.rels  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or pack in a barrel.
װͰŽͰ
v.intr.Slang ﶯʣٵ 
To move at a high speed.
ʻ
?
on the barrel 
on the barrelhead
Granting, giving, or requesting no credit:
ֽģָģϡҪÿģ
paid cash on the barrel for the car.
ֽ
over a barrel
In a very awkward position from which extrication is difficult:
ѰѵļѴ
During the negotiations the opposing faction had us over a barrel.
̸УǸԿɱʹһĪչ
?
Middle English barel 
йӢ barel 
from Old French baril 
Դ ŷ baril 

= =
barren
bar.ren
AHD:[b2rn] 
D.J.[6b#r*n]
K.K.[6b#r*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Not producing offspring.

Incapable of producing offspring.See Synonyms at sterile 
Ĳμ sterile
Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation.
ëģƶģȱֲֲ
Unproductive of results or gains; unprofitable:
Чģ޽ģģ
barren efforts.See Synonyms at futile 
ЧŬμ futile
Devoid of something specified:
նģȱĳЩжģ
writing barren of insight.See Synonyms at empty 
ȱƷμ empty
Lacking in liveliness or interest.
ȤģȱȤ
n.ʣ
A tract of unproductive land, often with a scrubby growth of trees. Often used in the plural.
ƶأë֮أһƶأͨľͰø
?
Middle English barreine 
йӢ barreine 
from Old French brahaigne 
Դ ŷ brahaigne 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
barrenly
adv.ʣ
barrenness
n.ʣ

= =
barrier
bar.ri.er
AHD:[b2r?-r] 
D.J.[6b#ri8*]
K.K.[6b#ri+]
n.ʣ
A structure, such as a fence, built to bar passage.
դ壬ݣؿһֽʣֹͨ
Something immaterial that obstructs or impedes:
ʵķ谭
Intolerance is a barrier to understanding.See Synonyms at obstacle 
ƫһϰμ obstacle
Ecology A physical or biological factor that limits the migration, interbreeding, or free movement of individuals or populations.
̬ѧ ϰأǨơӽ弰Ⱥ˶
A boundary or limit.
޻
Something that separates or holds apart.
ֿڷֿ
A movable gate that keeps racehorses in line before the start of a race.
ϣڱʼǰʹλڵĿԻ
The palisades or fences enclosing the lists of a medieval tournament. Often used in the plural.
ΧΧסϱľդø
Geology An ice barrier.
ѧ 
?
Middle English barrer 
йӢ barrer 
from Old French barriere 
Դ ŷ barriere 
from Vulgar Latin *barr3a 
Դ  *barr3a 
from *barra [bar] 
Դ *barra [ֹֹ] 

= =
base
base 1
AHD:[b3s] 
D.J.[be!s]
K.K.[bes]
n.Abbr. b.,B.ʣд b.,B.
The lowest or bottom part:
ײ͵Ĳֻײ
the base of a cliff; the base of a lamp.
½ţƵĵ
Biology The part of an animal or plant organ nearest its point of attachment.
ѧ ֲϵĲ
A supporting part or layer; a foundation:
ػ֧ŵĲֵֻ֧Ĳ㣻
a skyscraper built on a base of solid rock.
ڼʵʯϵĦ¥
A basic or underlying element; infrastructure:
ҪأԪأĳһϵͳĸҪأ
the nation's industrial base.
ҵĹҵ
The fundamental principle or underlying concept of a system or theory; a basis.
ɷݣһϵͳ۵ĻҪػ
A fundamental ingredient; a chief constituent:
ɷ֣Ҫɷ֣
a paint with an oil base.
ͲΪĻ滭
The fact, observation, or premise from which a reasoning process is begun.
ǰʵ۲켰ǰ
Games A starting point, safety area, or goal.
Ϸ 㣬Ŀ꣺㣬ȫػյ
Baseball Any one of the four corners of an infield, marked by a bag or plate, that must be touched by a runner before a run can be scored.
 ݣڳĸеһһǣŵ÷֮ǰ߱봥
A center of organization, supply, or activity; a headquarters.
ܲ֯ģӦĻģܲ
A fortified center of operations.
ģĲ
A supply center for a large force of military personnel.
أԱװӵĹӦ
Architecture The lowest part of a structure, such as a wall, considered as a separate unit:
ѧ ײ㲿֣ǽĵλ
the base of a column.

Heraldry The lower part of a shield.
ѧ Ƶĵײ
Linguistics A morpheme or morphemes regarded as a form to which affixes or other bases may be added.
ѧ أָأ׺ʸԼϵĴ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The side or face of a geometric figure to which an altitude is or is thought to be drawn.
棬ױߣͼεı߻棬ԻΪԻ߶
The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system.
˷ֳ˷ϣϵͳڻ
The number raised to the logarithm of a designated number in order to produce that designated number.
ףֵָĶϵΪ˵õǱָĿ
A line used as a reference for measurement or computations.
ߣΪ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Any of a large class of compounds, including the hydroxides and oxides of metals, having a bitter taste, a slippery solution, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with 
acids to form salts.
λһ໯ĻѧнͽпζҺϻʹʯֽᷴӦ
A molecular or ionic substance capable of combining with a proton to form a new substance.
ӽγһʵķӻӻ
A substance that provides a pair of electrons for a covalent bond with an acid.
ۻܹṩһԵӸһγɹۼĻ
Electronics 
ѧ 
The region in a transistor between the emitter and the collector.
з伫ͼ缫֮
The electrode attached to this region.
ڵĵӣھĵ
One of the purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cystosine, thymine, and uracil) that occurs attached to the sugar component of DNA or RNA.
ʣʺʣणडऺणһ֣ǺǺǷ
adj.ݴʣ
Forming or serving as a base:
ײģγɻΪģ
a base layer of soil.
ײ
Situated at or near the base or bottom:
ڵײģλڵײģλڵͲģ
a base camp for the mountain climbers.
ɽõӪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
based,bas.ing,bas.es 
To form or provide a base for:
γɡĻṩĻ
based the new company in Portland.
ڲ˾
To find a basis for; establish:
ԡΪ֡Ļ
based her conclusions on the report; a film based on a best-selling novel.
ݱΪĽۣһԳС˵ΪĵӰƬ
To assign to a base; station:
ָɵأվڣ
troops based in the Middle East.
жĲ
?
off base
Badly mistaken.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin basis 
Դ  basis 
from Greek * see  g w3- 
Դ ϣ *μ g w3- 
?
base,basis,foundation,ground,groundwork
These nouns all pertain to what underlies and supports.
Щʶ֧йء
 Base   is applied chiefly to material objects: 
 Base  Ҫָ 
amazed by the size of the monument's base.
ڼľ޴
Basis   is used in a nonphysical sense: 
Basis  ָʷĻ 
The basis of a democratic state is liberty  (Aristotle).
 ҵĻɡ ʿ£
 Foundation   applies physically(the foundation of a house)  and figuratively (a statement without foundation in fact) . It often stresses firmness of support for something of relative 
magnitude: 
 Foundation  ָʻ磺  ûʵ  ǿȹ̺ͼ̣ 
Our flagrant disregard for the law attacks the foundation of this society  (Peter D. Relic).
 ԵغӷɶĻһֹ ءDƣ
 Ground   may denote an actual working surface,as in art(a white design on a blue ground) ; more often it is used figuratively in the sense of a justifiable reason: 
 Ground  ʾһʵʵõı棬Уϵİɫͼ  ʾԭݻɣ 
grounds for divorce.
ɡ
Groundwork   is most often applied figuratively, in the sense of a necessary preliminary: 
Groundwork  ʾĿˣ 
laid the groundwork for future negotiations. 
Ϊ̸е춨 
?
base
base 2
AHD:[b3s] 
D.J.[be!s]
K.K.[bes]
adj.ݴʣ
bas.er,bas.est 
Having or showing a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency.See Synonyms at mean 2
ģлֳɱɵģģɵ˽Ķû˵ĿɾΪ׼μ mean2
Devoid of high values or ethics:
веģûе¹淶ģģ
a base, degrading way of life.
ʽ
Inferior in value or quality.
ӵģֵӵ
Containing inferior substances:
ӵģӵʵģģ
a base metal.
һ鲻Ľ
Archaic Of low birth, rank, or position.
 ְλλ
Obsolete Short in stature.
 Ӱ
n.Obsolete ʣ 
A bass singer or voice.
質һ
?
Middle English bas [low] 
йӢ bas [͵] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin bassus 
Դ  bassus 
?
basely
adv.ʣ

= =
basement
base.ment
AHD:[b3smnt] 
D.J.[6be!sm*nt]
K.K.[6besm*nt]
n.ʣ
The substructure or foundation of a building.
Ļ
The lowest habitable story of a building, usually below ground level.
ңɾס͵Ľ¥㣬ͨڵƽ
New England A public toilet, especially one in a school.
Ӣ رָѧУеĹ
?
Perhaps obsolete Dutch [foundation] 
Ϊ ѷϺ [] 
possibly from Italian basamento [base of a column] 
Դ  basamento [] 
from basare [to found] 
Դ basare [] 
from base [bottom] 
Դ base [ײ] 
from Latin basis * see  basis 
Դ  basis *μ basis

= =
basic
ba.sic
AHD:[b3s1k] 
D.J.[6be!s!k]
K.K.[6bes!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or forming a base; fundamental:
ģڡڻ򹹳ɻʵģģ
Basic changes in public opinion often occur because of shifts in concerns and priorities(Atlantic)
۾ϵȨĸı仯()
Of, being, or serving as a starting point or basis:
ģģɻģ
a basic course in Russian; a set of basic woodworking tools.
һŻγ̣һ׻ľ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Producing, resulting from, or relating to a base.
λģԵģԵģλģڻڼԵġλ
Containing a base, especially in excess of acid.
ģָĺ
Containing oxide or hydroxide anions. Used of a salt.
ӵģӵģӻӵġ
Geology Containing little silica, as igneous rocks.
ѧ ԵģԵģбȽĶΪҵ
n.ʣ
An essential, fundamental element or entity:
Ҫأʣ
the basics of math.
ѧ
Basic training.
ѵ
?
basically
adv.ʣ
basicity
AHD:[-s1s1-t?] ʣ
?
BASIC
BASIC  Ba.sic
AHD:[b3s1k] 
D.J.[6be!s!k]
K.K.[6bes!k]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A simplified user-level programming language often employed with remote or time-sharing computer centers.
ԣһּ򻯵ġʹ߲ļԣԶ̻ʱļ
?
b(eginner's) a(ll-purpose) s(ymbolic) i(nstruction) c(ode) 
b(eginner's) a(ll-purpose) s(ymbolic) i(nstruction) c(ode) 

= =
basically
ba.si.cal.ly
AHD:[b3s1-k-l?, -kl?] 
D.J.[6be!s!k*li8, -kli8]
K.K.[6bes!k*li, -kli]
adv.ʣ
In a basic way; fundamentally or essentially:
ϣϣϣ
Throughout the ordeal, he remained basically the same.
ϾĿУҡʼһ
For the most part; chiefly:
󲿷ֵأҪأ
They basically do what they are supposed to.
ӦĴ󲿷ֹ

= =
basin
ba.sin
AHD:[b3s1n] 
D.J.[6be!s!n]
K.K.[6bes!n]
n.ʣ
An open, shallow, usually round container used especially for holding liquids.
裺һֳڵģǳģͨΪԲεرʢҺ
The amount that such a vessel can hold.
һ֮ʢ
A washbowl; a sink.
ϴ裻ˮ
An artificially enclosed area of a river or harbor designed so that the water level remains unaffected by tidal changes.
ڸۣ壺ۿרõ˹Χ򣬳ˮ仯ʹˮλӰ
A small enclosed or partly enclosed body of water.
ˮ,̶һƬ򲿷ֱΧˮ
A region drained by a single river system:
һϵͳ
the Amazon basin.

Geology 
ѧ 
A broad tract of land in which the rock strata are tilted toward a common center.
أҲͬбĹ½
A large, bowl-shaped depression in the surface of the land or ocean floor.
أ裺½ػ򺣵ƽһִģ״İ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bacin 
Դ ŷ bacin 
from Vulgar Latin *baccom 
Դ  *baccom 
from *baccus [container] 
Դ *baccus [] 
[of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
basinal
adj.ݴʣ

= =
basis
ba.sis
AHD:[b3s1s] 
D.J.[6be!s!s]
K.K.[6bes!s]
n.ʣ
 ba.ses[-s?z]  
A foundation upon which something rests.
Ļ
The chief constituent; the fundamental ingredient.
Ҫɷ֣ɷ
The fundamental principle.See Synonyms at base 1
ԭμ base1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek * see  g w3- 
Դ ϣ *μ g w3- 

= =
basket
bas.ket
AHD:[b2sk1t] 
D.J.[6b#sk!t]
K.K.[6b#sk!t]
n.ʣ
Abbr. bsk.
д bsk.
A container made of interwoven material, such as rushes or twigs.
¨òϱɵõĲݻС֦
The amount that a basket can hold.
һһװ
An item resembling such a container in shape or function.
״;ƵƷ
A usually open gondola suspended from a hot-air balloon.
ϣͨΪڵĵ
Basketball 
 
Either of the two elevated goals, each consisting of a metal hoop from which an open-bottomed circular net is suspended.
ߵ֮һÿһϹһ޵׵Բ
The score, normally worth two points, made by throwing the ball through this goal.
÷֣Ͷ÷֣ͨΪ֣Ͷ÷
Sports A circular structure at the base of a ski pole, used to prevent the pole from sinking too deeply into the snow.
˶ ѩ֧ܣڻѩ˵ײԲ֧ܣֹݽѩ̫
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Vulgar Latin *baskauta 
Դ  *baskauta 
[of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ˶] 
?
basketful
n.ʣ

= =
basketball
bas.ket.ball
AHD:[b2sk1t-b?l] 
D.J.[6b#sk!t7b%8l]
K.K.[6b#sk!t7b%l]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A game played between two teams of five players each, the object being to throw the ball through an elevated basket on the opponent's side of the rectangular court.
˶һ˶ɣÿԱбĿǰͶڶԷߵ
The ball that is used in this game.
˶õ

= =
bat
bat 1
AHD:[b2t] 
D.J.[b#t]
K.K.[b#t]
n.ʣ
A stout wooden stick; a cudgel.
ְľһִľһ
A blow, such as one delivered with a stick.
򣬻һùӴһ
Baseball A rounded, often wooden club, wider and heavier at the hitting end and tapering at the handle, used to strike the ball.
 һԲģľʵĹһ˽ؽϿڻֱԽԽϸڻ
Sports 
˶ 
A club used in cricket, having a broad, flat-surfaced hitting end and a distinct, narrow handle.
һڰľڻһһƽ棬˽ϸ
The racket used in various games, such as table tennis or racquets.
ģڸ˶ģƹ
v.ʣ
bat.ted,bat.ting,bats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hit with or as if with a bat.
ð
Baseball 
 
To cause (a run) to be scored while at bat:
򣺻ʱʹܶ÷֣
batted in the winning run with a double.
ݰöѱرݵ÷
To have (a certain percentage) as a batting average.
СĴʣУһ涨İٷΪƽ
Informal To produce in a hurried or an informal manner:
ʽ ݲ׫дԴæ̬
bat out a speech; bat out dance music.
ݲ׫дݽ壻дһ
Informal To discuss or consider at length:
ʽ ֿǣۻǣ
bat an idea around.
ֿһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Baseball 
 
To use a bat.
ð
To have a turn at bat.
Ż
Slang To wander about aimlessly.
ٵ εĿĵǻ
?
at bat˶
Taking one's turn to bat, as in baseball or cricket.
ֵĳ˻ֵĳ˻ڰͰ
go to bat for
To give assistance to; defend.
أԮ
off the bat
Without hesitation; immediately:
ԥأأ
They responded right off the bat.
Ӧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[perhaps partly of Celtic origin,] 
[ܲԴڿ˶] 
and partly from Old French batte [pounding implement, flail]  from batre [to beat] * see  batter 1
ҲԴ ŷ batte [ػߣ]  Դ batre [] *μ batter1
?
bat
bat 2
AHD:[b2t] 
D.J.[b#t]
K.K.[b#t]
n.ʣ
Any of various nocturnal flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, having membranous wings that extend from the forelimbs to the hind limbs or tail and anatomical adaptations for 
echolocation, by which they navigate and hunt prey.
һĿҹеĲ鶯Ǿܴǰ֫쵽֫β͵Ĥ״ṹܹλԴ˵Ͳʳ
?
have bats in (one's) belfry
To behave in an eccentric, bizarre manner.
ΪŹֹ֣쳣
?
Alteration of Middle English bakke 
 йӢ bakkeı仯 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
bat
bat 3
AHD:[b2t] 
D.J.[b#t]
K.K.[b#t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bat.ted,bat.ting,bats 
To wink or flutter:
գۡ
bat one's eyelashes.
գ۽ë
?
Probably a variant of bate 2
Ϊ bate2ı 
?
bat
bat 4
AHD:[b2t] 
D.J.[b#t]
K.K.[b#t]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
A binge; a spree.
֣
?
Probably from batter [spree] 
Դ batter [񻶡] 

= =
batch
batch 1
AHD:[b2ch] 
D.J.[b#t.]
K.K.[b#t.]
n.ʣ
An amount produced at one baking:
һ¯һһκ濾
a batch of cookies.
һ¯С
The quantity produced as the result of one operation:
һһβһ
mixed a batch of cement.
һˮ
The quantity needed for one operation:
һβԭ
a batch of dough.
һ
A group of persons or things:
һ˻
a batch of tourists; a whole new batch of problems.
һߣһϵ
Computer Science A set of data or jobs to be processed in a single program run.
ѧ һĳһݻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
batched,batch.ing,batch.es 
To assemble or process as a batch.
ռ
?
Middle English bache 
йӢ bache 
probably from Old English *b?cce 
Դ Ӣ *b?cce 
from bacan [to bake] 
Դ bacan [濾] 
?
batch
batch 2
AHD:[b2ch] 
D.J.[b#t.]
K.K.[b#t.]
v.Informal ʣʽ 
Variant of bach 
 bachı

= =
bath
bath 1
AHD:[b2th, b?th] 
D.J.[b#G, b$8G]
K.K.[b#G, b$G]
n.ʣ
 baths[b2Yz, b?Yz, b2ths, b?ths]  
The act of soaking or cleansing the body, as in water or steam.
ϴ裬ԡˮˮݻϴ
The water used for cleansing the body.
ԡˮϴˮ
A bathtub.
ԡ裬ԡ
A bathroom.
ԡ
A building equipped for bathing.
ãװԡ豸Ľ
Often baths A resort providing therapeutic baths; a spa.
  baths ȪȪأȪ
A liquid or a liquid and its container in which something is dipped or soaked in order to process it:
ҺۣΪӹĳֶ뽫ҺװʢҺУ
an acid bath; a bath of dye.
ҺȾԡҺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English b?th 
Դ Ӣ b?th 
?
bath
bath 2
AHD:[b2th] 
D.J.[b#G]
K.K.[b#G]
n.ʣ
An ancient Hebrew unit of liquid measure, equal to about 38 liters (10 U.S. gallons).
˹ϣ˵һҺλ൱Լ3810أ
?
Hebrew 
ϣ 
?
Bath
Bath
AHD:[b2th, b?th] 
D.J.[b#G, b$8G]
K.K.[b#G, b$G]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southwest England southeast of Bristol. Famous for its Georgian architecture and its hot mineral springs, tapped by the Romans in the first centurya.d. , it is a popular resort. 
Population, 84,100. 
˼Ӣϲһڲ˹ж۵Ķ档ĽȪЩȪǹԪ 1͹˿ġһʤء˿84,100 

= =
bathe
bathe
AHD:[b3Y] 
D.J.[be!H]
K.K.[beH]
v.ʣ
bathed,bath.ing,bathes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take a bath.
ϴ
To go into the water for swimming or other recreation.
ӾϷˮˮӾֻ
To become immersed in or as if in liquid.
ݣҺС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To immerse in liquid; wet.
ʪҺУŪʪ
To wash in a liquid.
ϴϴҺϴ
To apply a liquid to for healing or soothing purposes:
ϴáʩһҺʹ
bathed the wound with iodine.
õƲϴ˴
To seem to wash or pour over; suffuse:
·ӿ
a room that was bathed in sunlight.
ķ
?
Middle English bathen 
йӢ bathen 
from Old English bathian 
Դ Ӣ bathian 
?
bather
n.ʣ

= =
bathroom
bath.room
AHD:[b2thr?m, -r?m, b?th-] 
D.J.[6b#G7ru8m, -7r&m, 6b$8G-]
K.K.[6b#G7rum, -7r&m, 6b$G-]
n.ʣ
A room equipped with facilities for taking a bath or shower and usually also containing a sink and toilet.
ԡңװϴ衢ԡʩķ䣬һˮغͲ

= =
battery
bat.ter.y
AHD:[b2t-r?] 
D.J.[6b#t*ri8]
K.K.[6b#t*ri]
n.ʣ
 bat.ter.ies 
The act of beating or pounding.
ͻŹ
Law The unlawful and unwanted touching or striking of one person by another, with the intention of bringing about a harmful or offensive contact.
ɡ ΥŹ򣺲ϷػܻӭشԷĿʹ˺Է
An emplacement for one or more pieces of artillery.
,ڣڼܣΪһܻܴڶڱ
A set of guns or other heavy artillery, on a warship, for example.
սϵģǹʹ
Abbr. btry.An army artillery unit, corresponding to a company in the infantry.
д btry.ڱ,ڱжӣڱλ൱ڲеһ
An array of similar things intended for use together:
,飺ƵĶйࡢԱʹã
took a battery of achievement tests.
Գɼ
An impressive body or group:
ӡ̵飺
a battery of political supporters.
ӡ̵ӵ
Baseball The pitcher and catcher.
 ͶֺͲ
Music The percussion section of an orchestra.
֡ 飺ֶӵĴ
Electricity 
ѧ 
Two or more connected cells that produce a direct current by converting chemical energy to electrical energy.
飺飬ܰѻѧת仯ֱܲ
A single cell, such as a dry cell, that produces an electric current.
أһأɵأܲ
?
Middle English batri [forged metal ware] 
йӢ batri [ĽƷ] 
from Old French baterie [a beating] 
Դ ŷ baterie [] 
from batre [to batter] * see  batter 1
Դ batre [] *μ batter1
?
Battery
Bat.ter.y
AHD:[b2t-r?]  Ҳ Battery Park 
D.J.[6b#t*ri8] Ҳ Battery Park 
K.K.[6b#t*ri] Ҳ Battery Park 
NONE޴ԣ
A park at the southern tip of Manhattan Island at the upper end of New York Bay in southeast New York. It is the site of early Dutch and English fortifications and of Castle Clinton, built 
in 1808 for the defense of the harbor.
̨԰ٵ϶˵Ĺ԰λŦԼϲŦԼ山ˡ1808ΪۿڶںӢķ¼ֶٳǱڴ˵

= =
battle
bat.tle
AHD:[b2tl] 
D.J.[6b#tl]
K.K.[6b#t1]
n.ʣ
An encounter between opposing forces:
սжĳͻս
an important battle in the Pacific campaign.
̫ƽսеһҪս
Armed fighting; combat:
սսۣ
wounded in battle.
ս
A match between two combatants:
Աı
trial by battle.
Ԥ
A protracted controversy or struggle:
սս
won the battle of the budget.
ӮԤʤ
An intense competition:
ҵľ
a battle of wits.

v.ʣ
bat.tled,bat.tling,bat.tles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in or as if in battle.
սսս
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fight against:
͡ս͡
battled the enemy; battled cancer.
͵˽Կ֢
?
Middle English batel 
йӢ batel 
from Old French bataille 
Դ ŷ bataille 
from Vulgar Latin *batt3a 
Դ  *batt3a 
from Late Latin battu3a [fighting and fencing exercises] 
Դ  battu3a [սͻϰ] 
from Latin battuere [to beat] 
Դ  battuere [] 
?
battler
n.ʣ
?
Battle
Bat.tle
AHD:[b2tl] 
D.J.[6b#tl]
K.K.[6b#t1]
NONE޴ԣ
A town of southeast England, site of the Battle of Hastings (1066). William the Conqueror built Battle Abbey to commemorate his victory here. Population, 4,987.
أӢϵһλڹ˹͡ıأ1066꣩Ϊףʤڴ˽˱޵Ժ˿4,987

= =
bay
bay 1
AHD:[b3] 
D.J.[be!]
K.K.[be]
n.Abbr. b.ʣд b.
A body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth, affording access to the sea:
壺һƬֱ½ػƵпڵˮΪĳڣ
the Bay of Biscay.
˹
An area of land, such as an arm of prairie partially enclosed by woodland, that resembles in shape or formation a partially enclosed body of water.
ɽ꣺һƬ½һΪɭΧƵĴԭһֱΧƵˮ
Often used as an attributive:
ʣ
bay flounder; bay scallops.
Ŀ㣻ȱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French baie 
Դ ŷ baie 
perhaps from baer [to open out, gape] * see  bay 2
Դ baer [Ŀɿڴע] *μ bay2
?
bay
bay 2
AHD:[b3] 
D.J.[be!]
K.K.[be]
n.ʣ
Architecture A part of a building marked off by vertical elements, such as columns or pilasters:
ѧ 䲿ֱ֣ͨԭﻮָһ֣ӻ
an arcade divided into ten bays.
ֳʮ
Architecture 
ѧ 
A bay window.
͹
An opening or recess in a wall.
ڰǽǽڰ͹Ĳֻ϶
A section or compartment, as in a service station, barn, or aircraft, that is set off for a specific purpose:
ңָգһָָ䣬ڷվֿɻϣʱĿʹã
a cargo bay; an engine bay.
գ
A sickbay.
ȵҽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French baee [an opening] 
Դ ŷ baee [ȱ] 
from baer [to gape] 
Դ baer [Ƿſ] 
from Vulgar Latin *bad3e 
Դ  *bad3e 
?
bay
bay 3
AHD:[b3] 
D.J.[be!]
K.K.[be]
adj.Color ݴʣɫʡ 
Reddish-brown:
ɫģɫģ
a bay colt.
ɫС
n.ʣ
Color A reddish brown.
ɫʡ ɫ
A reddish-brown animal, especially a horse having a black mane and tail.
أɫָкɫ׺β
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bai 
Դ ŷ bai 
from Latin badius 
Դ  badius 
?
bay
bay 4
AHD:[b3] 
D.J.[be!]
K.K.[be]
n.ʣ
A deep, prolonged bark, such as the sound made by hounds.
ͽĹȮ
The position of one cornered by pursuers and forced to turn and fight at close quarters:
;ĩ·֮׷߱תսͶ·Ĵ
The hunters brought their quarry to bay.
Թ׷Χס
The position of having been checked or held at a distance:
ʹԶڱƻľأֹʹǰ
He has seen the nuclear threat held at bay for 40 years(Earl W. Foell)
вľؽʮˡ(W.)
v.ʣ
bayed,bay.ing,bays 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a deep, prolonged bark.
ķͽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pursue or challenge with barking:
ͽ׷ϣͽŽ
I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon(Shakespeare)
Ըֻȥ׷(ɯʿ)
To express by barking or howling:
ţŭŭССŽ
a mob baying its fury.
ŭúе
To bring to bay:
ѡΧס
too big for the dogs which tried to bay it(William Faulkner)
ЩͼΧסĹ˵̫ˡ()
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from abai [cornering a hunted animal] 
Դ abai [סһ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from abaiier [to bark] 
Դ abaiier [Ȯ] 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *abbai3e 
Դ  *abbai3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Vulgar Latin *bad3e [to gape, yawn] 
 *bad3e [ǷŴ] 
V., from Middle English baien [to bark] 
ʣԴ йӢ baien [] 
from abaien 
Դ abaien 
from Old French abaiier 
Դ ŷ abaiier 
?
bay
bay 5
AHD:[b3] 
D.J.[be!]
K.K.[be]
n.ʣ
See  laurel 
μ  laurel 
Any of certain other trees or shrubs with aromatic foliage, such as the California laurel.
¹һҶзζľľǵ¹
A crown or wreath made especially of the leaves and branches of the laurel and given as a sign of honor or victory.
ڣر¹ҶӺ֦ҶɵĻʹڻ򻨻Ϊʤıʾ
Often bays Honor; renown.
  bays 
?
Middle  English 
йӢ 
from Old French baie [berry] 
Դ ŷ baie [] 
from Latin b3a 
Դ  b3a 

= =
be
be
AHD:[b?] 
D.J.[bi8]
K.K.[bi]
v.ʣ
һ͵˳Ƶȥʽ was[w?z, w?z] [wz] ضʱ ڶ˳Ƶ͸Լһ͵˳Ƹȥ were[w?r]  wereĹȥʹȥִ 
been[b1n] ڷִ be.ing[b?1ng] һ˳Ƶڳ am[2m] ڶ˳Ƶ͸Լһ͵˳Ƹڳ are[?r] ˳Ƶڳ is[1z] 
 be 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exist in actuality; have life or reality:
УڣʵУʵԣ
I think, therefore I am.
˼
To occupy a specified position:
ڣռһضλã
The food is on the table.
ʳ
To remain in a certain state or situation undisturbed, untouched, or unmolested:
ڣĳһ״̬ܸšûû
Let the children be.
Щȥ
To take place; occur:
У
The test was yesterday.
˲
To go or come:
ȥ
Have you ever been to Italy? Have you been home recently?
ȥ?ع?
Usage Problem Used as a copula in such senses as:
÷ѡ ǣϵʹã
To equal in identity:
ǣȵݣ
To be a Christian was to be a Roman(James Bryce)
Ǹͽ͵Ǹˡ(ղķ˹˹)
To have a specified significance:
壺
A is excellent, C is passing. Let n be the unknown quantity.
Aʾ㣬Cʾnʾδ֪
To belong to a specified class or group:
ࣺһضĽ׼壺
The human being is a primate.
鳤ද
To have or show a specified quality or characteristic:
ǣлֳضʻص㣺
She is lovely. All men are mortal.
ǿɰġһ
To seem to consist or be made of:
ƺɡɻƳɵģ
The yard is all snow. He is all bluff and no bite.
Ժȫѩֻ
To belong; befall:
ڣ
Peace be unto you. Woe is me.
Ըƽ
v.aux.ʣ
Used with the past participle of a transitive verb to form the passive voice:
һﶯʵĹȥִãγɱ̬
The mayoral election is held annually.
гѡÿ궼
Used with the present participle of a verb to express a continuing action:
붯ʵڷִãʾһϵĶ
We are working to improve housing conditions.
Ŭס
Used with the infinitive of a verb to express intention, obligation, or future action:
붯ʲʽñʾĶ
She was to call before she left. You are to make the necessary changes.
뿪ǰ绰ҪҪĸı
Archaic Used with the past participle of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect tense:
 ĳЩﶯʵĹȥִãγʱ̬
Where be those roses gone which sweetened so our eyes?(Philip Sidney)
ЩĿõ廨ȥˣ(աϤ)
?
Middle English ben 
йӢ ben 
from Old English b?n * see  bheu- 
Դ Ӣ b?n *μ bheu- 
See am 1 , is , etc. for links to other Indo-European roots 
μ am1 , isȣΪͬӡŷϵ 
?
be,breathe,exist,live,subsist
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to have life or reality: 
Щʹе˼ǡʵԡ 
Her parents are no more.
ĸĸȥˡ
A nicer person has never breathed.
ϻŵûбõˡ
He is one of the worst actors who ever existed.
ʷԱ֮һ
Human beings cannot live without food and water.
ûʳˮ಻档
The benevolence subsisting in her character draws her friends closer to her. 
Ըеʴǽӽ 
?
Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun in the predicate of the verbbe : It is I  (not me ); That must be they  (not them ), and so forth. Even literate speakers of 
Modern English have found the rule difficult to conform to,but the stigmatization ofIt is me  is by now so deeply lodged among the canons of correctness that there is little likelihood that 
the construction will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing.Adherence to the traditional rule in informal speech, however, has come to sound increasingly pedantic,and begins to 
sound absurd when the verb is contracted, as inIt's we.   The traditional rule creates particular problems when the pronoun followingbe  also functions as the object of a verb or 
preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not them/they that we have in mind when we talk about crime in the streets nowadays,   where the plural pronoun serves as both the 
predicate ofis  and the object of have.   In this example, 57 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative formthey,   33 percent preferred the accusativethem,   and 10 percent 
accepted both versions.But H.W. Fowler, like other authorities, argued that the use of the nominative here is an error caused by the temptation . . . to assume, perhaps from hearingIt 
is me  corrected to It is I,  that a subjective [nominative] case cannot be wrong after the verb to be.  Writers can usually find a way to avoid this problem: They are not the ones we 
have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. See Usage Note at I 1we 
ͳ﷨ҪϵνеĴʽbe  It is I  me  That must be they  them ȵȡ ʹִӢĻҲֺ򣬶It is 
me ӡ̵ӡжǷȷ׼֮У ºпʹ÷ʽбȫܡڷʽздͳѾŪѧʡ
ҵϵʱʱIt's we һǲ﷨ġ ʸbe ʱϵӾеĽʱͳĹ ̸񡰽
ϵķʱǲЩˣ  иͬʱ䵱is ı have ı 57%÷ʹСϲʽthey  33%ϲñ
ʽthem  10%ֶܡȨһH.W.۵һ֮ԴΪIt is me  It is I ò⣬Ϊ
ڶ to be 治ܴ ǳܹҵһ취⣺ ǲˣһЩ˵ȵ μ I1we
?
Be
Be
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element beryllium 
 Ԫberylliumķ
?
BE
BE
abbr.
Also B.E. Bachelor of Education.
 Ҳ B.E. ѧʿ
Also B.E. Bachelor of Engineering.
 Ҳ B.E. ѧʿ
Board of Education.
طίԱ
?
be
.be
abbr.
 Belgium [in Internet addresses] 
Belgium[in Internet addresses] 

= =
beach
beach
AHD:[b?ch] 
D.J.[bi8t.]
K.K.[bit.]
n.ʣ
The shore of a body of water, especially when sandy or pebbly.
̲һˮİָڶɳʯʱ
The sand or pebbles on a shore.
ϵɳӺʯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
beached,beach.ing,beach.es 
To haul or run ashore:
ϰϻʻϣ
beached the rowboat in front of the cabin.
ͧϵСǰİ
?
Perhaps Middle English beche [stream] 
Ϊ йӢ beche [Ϫ] 
from Old English bece 
Դ Ӣ bece 
?
Beach
Beach
AHD:[b?ch] Alfred Ely (1826-1896) 
D.J.[bi8t.]
K.K.[bit.]
NONE޴ԣ
American editor and inventor who built a demonstration pneumatic subway under Broadway in New York City in 1870.
棬׵¡(1826-1896) ༭ͷң1870ŦԼаϻ½һʵ
?
Beach
BeachAmy Marcey Cheney (1867-1944)
NONE޴ԣ
American pianist and composer best known for her songs and chamber music. Her Mass in E flat major was the first work by a woman to be performed by the Boston Symphony 
Orchestra.
棬סϣ᣺(1867-1944) ټҺңΪĽEǵһɲʿٽŮ˵Ʒ
?
Beach
BeachMoses Yale (1800-1868)
NONE޴ԣ
American publisher whose aggressive journalism established theNew York Sun  as a leading daily newspaper. He is also credited with publishing the first syndicated news story. His 
son Moses Sperry Beach  (1822-1892) invented a cutting device that allowed printing on a continuous roll of paper and a process for printing both sides of a newspaper sheet at one 
time. 
棬ĦҮ(1800-1868) ңϵŹΪҪձġŦԼ̫ һҵϼӵŹҲĹ͡Ķ Ħ
˹ 1822-1892꣩һиװãʹӡˢֽϽУҷͬʱڱֽӡˢĳ 
?
Beach
BeachSylvia Woodbridge (1887-1962)
NONE޴ԣ
American bookseller. From 1919 to 1941 her shop in Paris, Shakespeare and Company, was a gathering place for authors such as Hemingway and Fitzgerald. She published the first 
edition of James Joyce'sUlysses  in 1922. 
棬άǡ²棺(1887-1962) ̣1919굽1941ڰ衢ɯʿǺ͹˾纣ͷƴĽµľۼء1922ղķ˹
˹ĵһ桶˹  

= =
beam
beam
AHD:[b?m] 
D.J.[bi8m]
K.K.[bim]
n.Abbr. bm.ʣд bm.
A squared-off log or a large, oblong piece of timber, metal, or stone used especially as a horizontal support in construction.
ˮƽ֧ŵģΪгɷεԲľ򳤷ľġʯͷ
Nautical 
 
A transverse structural member of a ship's frame, used to support a deck and to brace the sides against stress.
ĺṹ֧żװ岢ڴԵֿѹ
The breadth of a ship at the widest point.

The side of a ship:
ϣ
sighted land off the starboard beam.
תϷ½
Informal The widest part of a person's hips:
ʽ Χβ
broad in the beam.
β
A steel tube or wooden roller on which the warp is wound in a loom.
᣺֯ϵܻľ֣߲֮
An oscillating lever connected to an engine piston rod and used to transmit power to the crankshaft.
ˣɰڶĸܸˣ֮ᴫ
The bar of a balance from which weighing pans are suspended.
ˣܸˣƽҳ̵ĺ
Sports A balance beam.
˶ ƽľ
The main horizontal bar on a plow to which the share, colter, and handles are attached.
ԯҪĺԹ̶絶ͱ
One of the main stems of a deer's antlers.
С¹ǵ
A ray or shaft of light.

A concentrated stream of particles or a similar propagation of waves:
ӾƷʽĲ
a beam of protons; a beam of light.
ӵ粨
A radio beam.
ߵ粨
v.ʣ
beamed,beam.ing,beams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To radiate light; shine.
⣻
To smile expansively.
ЦüЦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To emit or transmit:
ͣͣ
beam a message via satellite.
ͨǴһϢ
To express by means of a radiant smile:
΢Цʾ⣺
He beamed his approval of the new idea.
΢Цʾͬ
?
on the beam
Following a radio beam. Used of aircraft.
ߵ粨ָɻ
On the right track; operating correctly.
ȷȷϣΪ
?
Middle English bem 
йӢ bem 
from Old English b?m * see  bheu- 
Դ Ӣ b?m *μ bheu- 

= =
bean
bean
AHD:[b?n] 
D.J.[bi8n]
K.K.[bin]
n.ʣ
Any of various New World twining herbs of the genusPhaseolus  in the pea family, having leaves with three leaflets, variously colored flowers, and edible pods and seeds. 
һֶƲ˶ ƲݱֲƬҶ졢Ժ͹ʵʳ 
A seed or pod of any of these plants.
ӣԣЩֲӻ
Any of several related plants or their seeds or pods, such as the adzuki bean, broad bean, or soybean.
ࣺһֲӻ򶹼ԣඹ϶ƶ
Any of various other plants or their seeds or fruits, especially those suggestive of beans, such as the coffee bean or the vanilla bean.
ιʵֲһֲӻʵָӵЩ翧ȶ
Slang A person's head.
ٵ ˵ͷ
beans Slang A small amount:
 beans ٵ 
I don't know beans about the stock market.
ҶԹƱгһ֪
Chiefly British A fellow; a chap.
Ӣ ƣһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
beaned,bean.ing,beans ٵ 
To hit (another) on the head with a thrown object, especially a pitched baseball.
ͷӳһͷָеͶ
?
full of beans
Energetic; frisky:
ʢûֵģ
The children were too full of beans to sit still.
Ǿʢ޷
Badly mistaken:
صĴ
Don't believe him; he's full of beans.
Ҫ̫
spill the beans
To disclose a secret.
й
?
Middle English ben [broad bean] 
йӢ ben [϶] 
from Old English b?n * see  bha-bh3- 
Դ Ӣ b?n *μ bha-bh3- 
?
Bean
Bean
AHD:[b?n] Roy  Self-styled the Law West of the Pecos.(1825?-1903) 
D.J.[bi8n]
K.K.[bin]
NONE޴ԣ
American frontiersman in Texas who in 1881 appointed himself justice of the peace and handed down judgments based on one law book and one six-shooter.
ȶ(1825?-1903) ÿ˹ػߣ1881ԼΪΰ٣һһ֧ʽǹΪԼе

= =
bear
bear 1
AHD:[bar] 
D.J.[be*]
K.K.[bWr]
v.ʣ
bore[b?r, b?r] borne[b?rn, b?rn]   born [b?rn] bear.ing,bears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hold up; support.
֧ţ֧
To carry on one's person; convey.
Я
To carry in the mind; harbor:
ĻﻳУʹУ
bear a grudge.

To transmit at large; relate:
㷺ɢ
bearing glad tidings.
Ϣ
To have as a visible characteristic:
УԱǣ
bore a scar on the left arm.
˺
To have as a quality; exhibit:
ʾСʣʾ
A thousand different shapes it bears(Abraham Cowley)
߱ǧֲͬ״(ǲ)
To carry (oneself) in a specified way; conduct:
ֹĳΪʽֹ
She bore herself with dignity.
ֹ߹
To be accountable for; assume:
𣺶ԡ𣻳еΣ
bearing heavy responsibilities.
ش
To have a tolerance for; endure:
̣ͣ
couldn't bear his lying.
޷Ļ
To call for; warrant:
ύ׼
This case bears investigation.
Ҫ
To give birth to.
ֳ
To produce; yield:
ᣨʵ
plants bearing flowers.
Ὺֲ
To offer; render:
ṩ裺
I will bear witness to the deed.
ҽΪԼ֤
To move by or as if by steady pressure; push:
Ƽ󱻳ϵѹƶƼ
boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past(F. Scott Fitzgerald)
ϵĴͣرͷ(F.˹ءƴĽ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To yield fruit; produce:

peach trees that bear every summer.
ÿ
To have relevance; apply:
͡йأã
They studied the ways in which the relativity theory bears on the history of science.
оѧʷķʽ
To exert pressure, force, or influence.
ʩѹʩѹӰ
To force oneself along; forge.
ǰʹԼšǰǰ
To endure something with tolerance and patience:
ܣ̺ĳ£
Bear with me while I explain matters.
ҵĽ
To extend or proceed in a specified direction:
չĳһضУ
The road bears to the right at the bottom of the hill.
·ɽչ
?
bear down
To overwhelm; vanquish.
ܣ
To apply maximum effort and concentration:
ȫԸŬרģ
If you really bear down, you will finish the task.
ȫԸ
bear out
To prove right or justified; confirm:
֤ʵ֤ȷĻȻģ֤
The test results bear out our claims.
ʵ֤ʵǶԵ
bear up
To withstand stress, difficulty, or attrition:
֧ţѹѻۣ
The patient bore up well during the long illness.
볤ڵĲʹǿ
?
bear down on
To effect in a harmful or adverse way:
кĻиӰ죺
Financial pressures are bearing down on them.
ѹڶӰ
bear fruit
To come to a satisfactory conclusion or to fruition.
ʵ֣óĽۻʵԸ
bear in mind
To hold in one's mind; remember:
ǣǵã
Bear in mind that bridges freeze before roads.
סű·Ƚ
?
Middle English beren 
йӢ beren 
from Old English beran * see  bher- 1
Դ Ӣ beran *μ bher- 1
?
bear,endure,stand,abide,suffer,tolerate
These verbs are compared in the sense of withstanding or sustaining what is difficult or painful to undergo.
ڳʹ࣬ʱЩʽбȽϣ
 Bear   pertains broadly to capacity to withstand: 
 Bear  ڳܵ 
Man performs, engenders, so much more than he can or should have to bear. That's how he finds that he can bear anything  (William Faulkner).
 ĺԶԶܹܵҪöࡣǾηܹһС ɣ
 Endure   specifies a continuing capacity to face pain or hardship: 
 Endure  ָʹࡢѵ 
Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured and little to be enjoyed  (Samuel Johnson).
 ںδܵĿѶ࣬ܵĻ١ ѶԼѷ
 Stand   implies resoluteness of spirit: 
 Stand  ָϼ㣬оģ 
The pain was too intense to stand. Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public. 
ʹǿҵ޷ܡܲԱӦڹݳ 
 Abide   and the more emphaticsuffer  suggest resignation and forbearance:  
 Abide  ǿҵsuffer ָ˳ӡΡ̡ƣ  
She couldn't abide fools.
˴򽻵
He suffered their insults in silence.
ĬĬʩӵ˺
Tolerate,   in its principal application to something other than pain, connotes reluctant acceptance despite reservations: 
Tolerate  Ҫָʹ֮һЩ飬оܱǿ֮⣺ 
A decent . . . examination of the acts of government should be not only tolerated, but encouraged  (William Henry Harrison).See also Synonyms at  convey ,produce 
 ͹飬ǲӦϿɣӦù ɭμͬ convey,produce
?
bear
bear 2
AHD:[bar] 
D.J.[be*]
K.K.[bWr]
n.ʣ
Any of various usually omnivorous mammals of the family Ursidae that have a shaggy coat and a short tail and walk with the entire lower surface of the foot touching the ground.
ܣһͨΣյܿƲ鶯ŨܵëͶβͣʱŵĽϵͱ津
Any of various other animals, such as the koala, that resemble a true bear.
ܵĶһܵද
A large, clumsy, or ill-mannered person.
ֱˣ±çˣǿ׳׾Ƣõ
One, such as an investor, that sells securities or commodities in expectation of falling prices.
ߣͷߣ۹ƱƷϣɼ۸µˣĳλͶ
A pessimist, especially regarding business conditions.
ߣһߣָҵ
Slang Something that is difficult or unpleasant:
ٵ ѻ˲£
The final exam was a bear.
ĩѣ
Slang A police officer, especially one using radar to apprehend speeding motorists.
ٵ 죺ָ״ȷϳټݳߵľ
?
Middle English bere 
йӢ bere 
from Old English bera * see  bher- 2
Դ Ӣ bera *μ bher- 2
Sense 3, probably from proverb To sell the bear's skin before catching the bear 
3Դ To sell the bear's skin before catching the bear 
?
Bear
Bear
AHD:[bar] Mount
D.J.[be*]Mount
K.K.[bWr]Mount
NONE޴ԣ
A peak, 4,523.5 m (14,831 ft) high, in the Wrangell Mountains of southern Alaska near the British Columbia border.
ɽ˹ϲʸɽеɽ壬4,523.5ף14,831Ӣߣλڲе߸ױǱ߾

= =
beard
beard
AHD:[b?rd] 
D.J.[b!*d]
K.K.[b!rd]
n.ʣ
The hair on a man's chin, cheeks, and throat.
ӣ򦡢ռͷë
A hairy or hairlike growth such as that on or near the face of certain mammals.
ëĳЩ鶯ϻΧëë״
A tuft or group of hairs or bristles on certain plants, such as barley and wheat.
âĳЩֲϵĴëӲëС
One that serves to divert suspicion or attention from another.
ɺע
v.tr.ﶯʣ
beard.ed,beard.ing,beards 
To furnish with a beard.
ʹк
To confront boldly.See Synonyms at defy 
Ȼԣսμ defy
?
Middle English berd 
йӢ berd 
from Old English beard * see  bhardh-3- 
Դ Ӣ beard *μ bhardh-3- 
?
bearded
adj.ݴʣ
beardedness
n.ʣ
beardless
adj.ݴʣ
beardlessness
n.ʣ
?
Beard
Beard
AHD:[b?rd] Charles Austin (1874-1948) 
D.J.[b!*d]
K.K.[b!rd]
NONE޴ԣ
American historian and educator who explored the economic aspects of history in works such asAn Economic Interpretation of the Constitution  (1913). His view that the document was 
based on its formulators' economic self-interests profoundly affected the study of American history. 
ȶ£˹˹(1874-1948) ʷѧҺͽңʷĽǶо⣬硶ܷľѧע͡ 1913꣩Ϊļǽ
ľϵĹ۵㣬Ӱʷо 
?
Beard
BeardDaniel Carter  Known as Dan.(1850-1941)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer and illustrator. In 1905 he founded the Sons of Daniel Boone, which in 1910 became the first Boy Scout organization in the United States.
ȶ£أ(1850-1941) ҺͲͼң1905˵֮֯1910꣬֯ΪһͯӾ
?
Beard
BeardJames Andrew (1903-1985)
NONE޴ԣ
American cookery expert widely considered to be one of the foremost authorities on American cuisine.
ȶ£ղķ˹³(1903-1985) רңձΪҪȨ֮һ
?
Beard
BeardMary Ritter (1876-1958)
NONE޴ԣ
American historian and feminist. She shared her husband Charles's economic view of history and collaborated with him onThe Rise of American Civilization  (first volume 1927), in 
which they characterized the Civil War as the second American Revolution, perpetrated by Northern capitalists over Southern plantation owners for economic gain. 
ȶ£ض(1876-1958) ʷѧҺŮȨ˶ߡͬɷ˹йʷľù۵㣬1927˺ˡ ĵһڸ
սʱ򾭼ĿʩϷũ԰ׯġڶ 

= =
bearing
bear.ing
AHD:[bar1ng] 
D.J.[6be*r!0]
K.K.[6bWr!0]
n.ʣ
The manner in which one carries or conducts oneself:
ֹȣһ˵Ϊʽ
the poise and bearing of a champion.
ھ̩Ȼķ
A machine or structural part that supports another part.
֧У֧õĽṹ
A device that supports, guides, and reduces the friction of motion between fixed and moving machine parts.
Уڻ̶˶֧֮š˶Ħװ
Something that supports weight.
֧֧Ķ
The part of an arch or beam that rests on a support.
֧ܣ֧ϵĹܻһ
The act, power, or period of producing fruit or offspring.
ڣʵڣʵеΪ
The quantity produced; yield.

Direction, especially angular direction measured from one position to another using geographical or celestial reference lines.
λλãָõѧĻͼ߲Ĵһ̶λõһλõĴнǶȵķ
Often bearings Awareness of one's position or situation relative to one's surroundings:
  bearings 򣺶Լλá״ʶ
lost my bearings after taking the wrong exit.
ߴںұ·
Relevant relationship or interconnection:
ϵصĹϵڲϵ
Those issues have no bearing on our situation.
Щǵ޹
Heraldry A charge or device on a field.
ѧ µɫϵͼ
?
bearing,manner,demeanor,mien,presence
These nouns pertain to a person's behavior as it reveals such distinctive personal qualities as his or her individuality or upbringing.
Щʶӳ˵ĸɽΪ
 Bearing,   the most inclusive, applies to both physical posture and general conduct: 
 Bearing  㣬̬һΪ 
has the erect bearing of a soldier.
ͦεľ˷ȡ
That is Claudio. I know him by his bearing  (Shakespeare).
 ǿ͵ŷһӾϳ ɯʿǣ
 Manner   is a person's characteristic conduct or comportment: 
 Manner  ָһ˸иԵΪ;ֹ 
her pleasant, shy manner;
죬ɬľֹ
their arrogant, overbearing manner.
ǰר̬ȡ
Demeanor   is behavior that reveals to others one's personality or attitude: 
Demeanor  ˱Ժ̬ȵΪ 
The President's outward demeanor was genial and relaxed  (Edmund S. Muskie).
 ͳ̬ǺͰģɵġ S˹
 Mien   pertains to bearing especially as it reflects an inner state of mind: 
 Mien  ָе̬ȣ 
She maintained her serious mien until the interview was over.
ֱʽһֱ̬ȡ
Presence   denotes the quality of commanding respectful attention:
Presence  ָڳϵģȻ𾴵ļʽ
[Sir Thomas] More was a man of stately and handsome presence   (Horace Walpole).
 ˹ʿĪǸϡׯءӢ  ˹ֲ

= =
beast
beast
AHD:[b?st] 
D.J.[bi8st]
K.K.[bist]
n.ʣ
An animal other than a human being, especially a large four-footed mammal.
ޣָ࣬ʹ㲸鶯
New England Southern U.S. A large domestic animal, especially a horse or bull.
Ӣ ϲ 󣺴ָţ
Animal nature as opposed to intellect or spirit:
ԣǺ;Ķ飺
So far the beast in us has insisted upon having its full say(William Dean Howells)
ϵһֱǿҪǵС(ϰ˹)
A brutal, contemptible person.
Ұɵ
?
Middle English beste 
йӢ beste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin b?a 
Դ  b?a 

= =
beat
beat
AHD:[b?t] 
D.J.[bi8t]
K.K.[bit]
v.ʣ
beat,beat.en[b?tn]   beat beat.ing,beats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike repeatedly.

To punish by hitting or whipping; flog.
޴򣬴޴ͷ޴
To strike against repeatedly and with force; pound:
ػػ
waves beating the shore.
Ļź
To flap, especially wings.
ᣬ˴ָ˴
To strike so as to produce music or a signal:
ӣԷźţ
beat a drum.

Music To mark or count (time or rhythm) with the hands or with a baton.
֡ ָӣָֻӰӶôԼʱͱ
To shape or break by repeated blows; forge:
죺ûжϻΣ죬
beat the glowing metal into a dagger.
ȵĽذ
To make by pounding or trampling:
̤ȳɣṳ̈ƶķʽγɣ
beat a path through the jungle.
ڴвȳһ·
To mix rapidly with a utensil:
裺ٽ裺
beat two eggs in a bowl.
ֻ
To defeat or subdue, as in a contest.
սʤڱսʤѹ
To force to withdraw or retreat:
ˣ
beat back the enemy.
˵
To dislodge from a position:
ɱۣƿĳһλȥ
I beat him down to a lower price.
ʹѼ۸񽵵
Informal To be superior to or better than:
ʽ ڻڡ
Riding beats walking.
ﳵ·
Slang To perplex or baffle:
ٵ ʹ󲻽⣬ѵ
It beats me; I don't know the answer.
ѵңҲ֪
Informal 
ʽ 
To avoid or counter the effects of, often by thinking ahead; circumvent:
ܻܿӰ죬ͨȵĿǣ跨ܣ
beat the traffic.
跨㿪ͨӵ
To arrive or finish before (another):
ڣһȵɣ
We beat you home by five minutes.
ұ絽5
To deprive, as by craft or ability:
եȡ᣺ʹĻ᣺
He beat me out of 20 dollars with his latest scheme.
ƭȡ20Ǯ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To inflict repeated blows.
û
To pulsate; throb.
¶
Physics To cause beating by superposing waves of different frequencies.
ѧ 񶯣ӲͬƵʵĲԲĲ
To emit sound when struck:
û
The gong beat thunderously.

To strike a drum.
ģ
To flap repeatedly.
Ļ
To be victorious or successful; win.
սʤʤɹӮ
To hunt through woods or underbrush in search of game.
ԣԻľѰ
Nautical To sail in the direction from which the wind blows.
 У
n.ʣ
A stroke or blow, especially one that produces a sound or serves as a signal.
ôûڲ򷢳ź
A pulsation or throb.
ࣩ¶
Physics A pulsation produced by beating.
ѧ 񶯣û
Music 
֡ 
A regular, rhythmical unit of time.
ӣһʱ䵥λ
The gesture used by a conductor to indicate this unit of time.
ָӣʾĵĶ
The symbol representing this unit of time.
ķʾӵķ
The measured, rhythmical sound of verse; meter.
ɣʫĽ࣬ɣ
The area regularly covered by a reporter, a police officer, or a sentry:
ɷżߣ죬ڱԣķΧ
television's culture beat.
ӵĻרɷ
The reporting of a news item obtained ahead of one's competitors.
ұĳȻȡϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Informal Worn-out; fatigued.
ʽ ƣߵģƣ
Of, relating to, or being a beatnik:
ͷģͷĻͷйصģ
the beat generation.
ͷ
?
beat off
To drive away.
ˣ
Vulgar Slang To masturbate.
 ٵ 
beat out
Baseball To reach base safely on (a bunt or ground ball).
 ȫݣʹ̴ع򣩳Ϊ
?
beat a retreat
To make a hasty withdrawal.
æ
beat around the bush 
beat about the bush
To fail to confront a subject directly.
תĨǣòֱ
beat itٵ
To leave hurriedly.
æ뿪
beat the bushes
To make an exhaustive search.
гѲ
beat the drum 
beat the drums
To give enthusiastic public support or promotion:
Ĵڹϼֻ֧Ķ
a politician who beats the drum for liberalism.
һĴμ
to beat the band
With great vigor; in a fast and furious manner.
Ķ𾢵أԿҷʽ
?
Middle English beten 
йӢ beten 
from Old English b?n * see  bhau- 
Դ Ӣ b?n *μ bhau- 
?
beat,baste,batter,belabor,buffet,hammer,lambaste,pound,pummel,thrash
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to hit heavily and repeatedly with violent blows: 
Щʵ˼ǡҵķʽصػ򡱣 
was mugged and beaten;
ٲŹ
basted him with a stick;
ùʹ
was battered and bloodied in the prize ring;
ǫ̃̄ϱѪֱ
rioting students belabored by squads of police officers;
µѧһӾʹһ٣
buffeted him around the face with her open palm;
һǶ⣻
hammered the opponent with his fists;
ȭͷ֣
lambasting a horse thief with a riding crop;
޳
troops being pounded with mortar fire;
ӱ
pummeled the bully soundly;
ǿ߱һ٣
an unruly child who was thrashed with a birch cane. See also Synonyms at  defeat ,pulsate 
һԵĺӳһ μͬ defeat,pulsate

= =
beauty
beau.ty
AHD:[by?t?] 
D.J.[6bju8ti8]
K.K.[6bjuti]
n.ʣ
 beau.ties 
A delightful quality associated with harmony of form or color, excellence of craftsmanship, truthfulness, originality, or another property.
ãһʽɫĺг߳ļɡʵӱϵ
One that is beautiful, especially a beautiful woman.
ˣһˣָŮ
A quality or feature that is most effective, gratifying, or telling:
һЧġĻƷʻ
The beauty of the venture is that we stand to lose nothing.
˴ðյ֮ǲʧȥκζ
An outstanding or conspicuous example:
ͻķһ׿ԽĻӣ
Hammett's gun went off. The shot was a beauty, just slightly behind the eyes(Lillian Hellman)
صǹˡǸģڽԺһλá(ն)
?
Middle English beaute 
йӢ beaute 
from Old French biaute 
Դ ŷ biaute 
from Vulgar Latin *bellit3s 
Դ  *bellit3s 
from Latin bellus [pretty] * see  deu- 2
Դ  bellus [ģ˵] *μ deu- 2

= =
because
be.cause
AHD:[b1-k?z, -k?z] 
D.J.[b!6k%8z, -6kJz]
K.K.[b!6k%z, -6kJz]
conj.Ӵʣ
For the reason that; since.
ΪΪˡԭ
?
Middle English * see  because of 
йӢ *μ because of
?
A traditional rule holds that the constructionthe reason is because  is redundant, and should be avoided in favor of the reason is that.   The usage is well established, however, and can 
be justified by analogy to constructionssuch asHis  purpose in calling her was  so that she would be forewarned of the change in schedule  or The last  time I saw her was  when she 
was leaving for college.   All three constructions are somewhat less than graceful, however. Whenbecause  follows a negated verb phrase, it should be preceded by a comma when 
thebecause  clause explains why the event did not  occur. He didn't marry her, because she was frivolous  means roughly, Her frivolity was his reason for not marrying her.When 
no comma is used, thebecause  clause is understood as part of what is being negated. He didn't marry her because she was frivolous  means roughly, His reason for marrying her 
was independent of her frivolity.See Usage Note at as 1
ͳԭΪṹthe reason is because ̫׸Ӧ⣬ͬʹ the reason is that   ÷㷺ؽܣƵĽṹ֤ȷģ   Ŀ
 Ԥ֪ʱ䰲ŵĸı   һ ҿ  ҪȥѧԺʱ  Ȼֽṹвĵطbecause һ񶨶ʶʱ ǰһ
ʾbecause Ӿ͵Ϊʲô û  ȢΪḡ Ե˼ǣ  ḡȢԭ򡣡ûöʱbecause 
䱻Ϊ񶨵Ĳ֡ ȢΪᱡ Ե˼ǣ ԭᱡ޹ءμ as1

= =
become
be.come
AHD:[b1-k?m] 
D.J.[b!6kJm]
K.K.[b!6kJm]
v.ʣ
be.came[-k3m] be.come,be.com.ing,be.comes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow or come to be:
ɣΪ
became more knowledgeable; will become clearer in the morning.
ø֪ʶ糿ø
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be appropriate or suitable to:
ʻʺڣ
It would not become me . . . to interfere with parties(Jonathan Swift)
Ҳʺϡ뵳ɡ(ɭ˹)
To show to advantage; look good with:
ƣֳʹÿ
The new suit becomes you.
ʺ
?
become of
To be the fate of; happen to:
ΪĽ
What has become of the old garden?
ϵĻ԰ʲô?
?
Middle English bicomen 
йӢ bicomen 
from Old English becuman * see  g w3- 
Դ Ӣ becuman *μ g w3- 

= =
bed
bed
AHD:[bd] 
D.J.[bed]
K.K.[bWd]
n.ʣ
A piece of furniture for reclining and sleeping, typically consisting of a flat, rectangular frame and a mattress resting on springs.
һΪɿ˯õļҾߣ͵һƽģεĹܺͷڵϵĵ
A bedstead.

A mattress.

A place where one may sleep; lodging:
ס˯ĵطס
found bed and board at an inn.
һСõҵ˴̺ʳ
Accommodations for a single person at a hospital or institution:
λΪҽԺѧУṩޣ
a maternity ward with 30 beds.
һ30λĲƲ
A time at which one goes to sleep:
ʱ䣺ȥ˯ʱ䣺
drank milk before bed.
ǰţ
A place for lovemaking.
ĵط
A marital relationship with its rights and intimacies.
лȨΪĹϵ
A small plot of cultivated or planted land:
ֵ̳һСطֲ
a flower bed.
һ̳
An underwater or intertidal area in which a particular organism is established in large numbers:
ֳλˮ»һأﱻֳ
a clam bed; an oyster bed.
ֳֳ
The bottom of a body of water, such as a stream.
ӣˮĵײĵײ
A supporting, underlying, or securing part, especially:
һ֧ţĻ̶Ĳָ֣
A layer of food surmounted by another kind of food:
ʳƷһһʳʳƷ
tomatoes on a bed of lettuce.
ݫҶһ
A foundation of crushed rock or a similar substance for a road or railroad; a roadbed.
·ʯĵ··Ļ·
A layer of mortar upon which stones or bricks are laid.
ҽ㣺һ̷ʯͷשɰ
Printing The heavy table of a printing press in which the type form is placed.
ӡˢ ӡˢ̨ӡˢǦְĳص̨
The part of a truck, trailer, or freight car designed to carry loads.
ƽ壺ϳһ
Geology 
ѧ 
A rock mass of large horizontal extent bounded, especially above, by physically different material.
ز㣺һˮƽĴʯرڽӵǲͬʵĲ
A deposit, as of ore, parallel to local stratification.
ƽھֲزĳ
A heap of material:
϶ѣ
a bed of wood chips.
һľм
v.ʣ
bed.ded,bed.ding,beds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with a bed or sleeping quarters:
ãô˯߰ã
We bedded our guests down in the study.
ǰǵĿ˰鷿˯
To put or send to bed.
ʹ˯Ż͵
To have sexual relations with.
ϴͬ롭Թϵ
To plant in a prepared plot of soil.
紲һ鱸˵ֲ
To lay flat or arrange in layers.
ƽ򰴲
To embed.
Ƕ
To establish; base.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go to bed.
ϴ˯
Geology To form layers or strata.
ѧ γɵز
?
get into bed with
Slang To become closely involved with another person or group, as in an intrigue:
ٵ Ϊ飺ܣһ˻һǣһһıУ
The Israelis were experienced at [covert] work, but it was essential that the administration not get into bed with them on this (Bob Woodward)
ɫ[] оģҪҪⷽǽһ (ֵ)
go to bed with
To have sexual relations with.
ϴͬ롭Թϵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
bee
bee 1
AHD:[b?] 
D.J.[bi8]
K.K.[bi]
n.ʣ
Any of several winged, hairy-bodied, usually stinging insects of the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera, including both solitary and social species and characterized by 
sucking and chewing mouthparts for gathering nectar and pollen.
۷䣺۷ܿĤĿһִᡢ帽ë̵ͨ棬ȺࡣǵصΪýȡۺͻ
A bumblebee.
Ұ
A honeybee.
۷
A social gathering where people combine work, competition, and amusement:
ۻ᣺Ϊһ໥ֶͬеľۻ᣺
a quilting bee.
챻
?
a bee in (one's) bonnet
An impulsive, often eccentric turn of mind; a notion.
һʱ嶯ģֵͨ뷨뷨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English b?o * see  bhei- 
Դ Ӣ b?o *μ bhei- 
Sense 2 perhaps also alteration of dialectal bean [voluntary help given to a farmer by his neighbors] 
2ҲΪ  beanı仯 [ũ˵ھԸṩİ] 
from Middle English bene [extra service by a tenant to his lord] 
Դ йӢ bene [ũṩĶ] 
from Old English b?n [prayer] * see  bh3- 2
Դ Ӣ b?n [] *μ bh3- 2
?
bee
bee 2
AHD:[b?] 
D.J.[bi8]
K.K.[bi]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A bee block.
бΦΦ֧۰
?
Middle English be [a ring] 
йӢ be [] 
from Old English b?g * see  bheug- 
Դ Ӣ b?g *μ bheug- 
?
bee
bee 3
AHD:[b?] 
D.J.[bi8]
K.K.[bi]
n.ʣ
The letterb.  
ĸb.  

= =
beef
beef
AHD:[b?f] 
D.J.[bi8f]
K.K.[bif]
n.ʣ
 beeves[b?vz]   beef  
A full-grown steer, bull, ox, or cow, especially one intended for use as meat.
ţȫɳţδ˸ţţĸţָöţ
The flesh of a slaughtered full-grown steer, bull, ox, or cow.
ţ⣺ɱ˵ȫɳţδ˸ţţĸţ
Informal Human muscle; brawn.
ʽ ˵ļ⣻
pl. beefs Slang A complaint.
 beefs ٵ Թ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
beefed,beef.ing,beefs ٵ 
To complain.
ɧ
?
beef up ʽ
To make or become greater or stronger:
ʹǿʹǿ׳ʹΪΪǿǿ׳
beef up the defense budget.
ӷԤ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French buef 
Դ ŷ buef 
from Latin b?s  bov- * see  g wou- 
Դ  b?s  bov- *μ g wou- 

= =
beer
beer
AHD:[b?r] 
D.J.[b!*]
K.K.[b!r]
n.ʣ
A fermented alcoholic beverage brewed from malt and flavored with hops.
ơƣһѿƴζķ͵ĺƾ
A fermented beverage brewed by traditional methods that is then dealcoholized so that the finished product contains no more than 0.5 percent alcohol.
ͶơƣһְѴͳķеľƾȥղƷƾ0.5%ơ
A carbonated beverage produced by a method in which the fermentation process is either circumvented or altered, resulting in a finished product having an alcohol content of no more 
than 0.01 percent.
̼ϣƿı䷢͹̣ղƷƾ0.01һ̼
A beverage made from extracts of roots and plants:
ƣˮһֲե֭ϣ
birch beer.
ľơ
?
Middle English ber 
йӢ ber 
from Old English b?r 
Դ Ӣ b?r 
from West Germanic 
Դ ն 
probably from Latin bibere [to drink] * see  p?(i)- 
Դ  bibere [ȣ] *μ p?(i)- 
?
Beer
Beer
AHD:[bar] Wilhelm (1797-1850) 
D.J.[be*]
K.K.[bWr]
NONE޴ԣ
German banker and astronomer who published maps of the moon and Mars.
ȶ(1797-1850) ¹мѧң˻ͼ

= =
before
be.fore
AHD:[b1-f?r, -f?r] 
D.J.[b!6f%8, -6f*&r]
K.K.[b!6f%r, -6for]
adv.ʣ
Earlier in time:
ڴ֮ǰЩʱ
They called me the day before.
ǰһǸҴ˵绰
In front; ahead.
ڡǰ棻ǰͷ
prep.Abbr. bef.ʣд bef.
Previous to in time; earlier than.
֮ǰڡʱ֮ǰڡ
In front of.
ڡǰ
In store for; awaiting:
ģȴŵģ
A young person's whole life lies before him.
˵չǰ
Into or in the presence of:
룬ڡǰ
She asked that the visitor be brought before her.
Ҫѷߴǰ
Under the consideration or jurisdiction of:
ڿУУ
The case is now before the court.
ѽͥ
In a position superior to:
λڣ
The prince is before his brother in the line of succession.
λ̳Ȩϣֵ
conj.Ӵʣ
In advance of the time when:
ڡʱ֮ǰ
See me before you leave.
뿪֮ǰ
Rather than; sooner than:
ɡҲԸ䡭ɣ
I will die before I will betray my country.
ҲᱳҵĹ
?
Middle English bifore 
йӢ bifore 
from Old English beforan * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ beforan *μ per 1

= =
beforehand
be.fore.hand
AHD:[b1-f?rh2nd, -f?r-] 
D.J.[b!6f%87h#nd, -6f*&r-]
K.K.[b!6f%r7h#nd, -6for-]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
In anticipation.
Ԥ
In advance; early.
ǰ

= =
beggar
beg.gar
AHD:[bgr] 
D.J.[6beg*]
K.K.[6bWg+]
n.ʣ
One who solicits alms for a living.
ؤΪȼƷ
An impoverished person; a pauper.
ˣƶˣƶ
Informal A man or a boy.
ʽ ˣк
v.tr.ﶯʣ
beg.gared,beg.gar.ing,beg.gars 
To make a beggar of; impoverish.
ʹΪؤʹ
To exceed the limits, resources, or capabilities of:
޶ȡԴ
beauty that beggars description.
޷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French begart 
Դ ŷ begart 
ultimately from Middle Dutch beggaert [one who rattles off prayers] 
Դ йź beggaert [ɿ˵] 

= =
beginner
be.gin.ner
AHD:[b1-g1nr] 
D.J.[b!6g!n*]
K.K.[b!6g!n+]
n.ʣ
One who is just starting to learn or do something; a novice.
ѧߣָոտʼѧϰĳµˣ

= =
beginning
be.gin.ning
AHD:[b1-g1n1ng] 
D.J.[b!6g!n!0]
K.K.[b!6g!n!0]
n.ʣ
The act or process of bringing or being brought into being; a start.
ʼʹĳ￪ʼڻΪʵĶ̣
The time when something begins or is begun:
ʼʱ䣺ĳ￪ʼոտʼһʱ䣺
the beginning of the war.
ս
The place where something begins or is begun:
ʼĵطĳ￪ʼոտʼĵص㣺
at the beginning of the road.
·
A source; an origin:
ԴԴ
What was the beginning of the dispute?
ɺζ?
The first part:
һ֣
The front matter is at the beginning of the book.
ǰĿ
Often beginnings An early or rudimentary phase:
  beginnings ڽ׶Σڽ׶Σ
the beginnings of human life on this planet.
ϵڽ׶
?
beginning,birth,dawn,genesis,nascence,rise
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the initial stage of a developmental process: 
Щʹͬһ˼ǡĳһչ̵ڡ 
the beginning of a new era in computer technology;
ʱĳڣ
the birth of generative grammar;
﷨Դ
the dawn of civilization;
Ŀˣ
the genesis of quantum mechanics;
ѧԴ
the nascence of classical sculpture;
ŵܵԴ
the rise and decline of an ancient city-state. end 
Ŵǰ˥ end

= =
behalf
be.half
AHD:[b1-h2f, -h?f] 
D.J.[b!6h#f, -6h$8f]
K.K.[b!6h#f, -6h$f]
n.ʣ
Interest, support, or benefit.
桢ֻ֧ô
?
in behalf of
For the benefit of; in the interest of.
ΪˡΪˡ
on behalf of
As the agent of; on the part of.
ΪĴڡһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English be healfe [by (his) side] 
Դ Ӣ be healfe [ӽԱ] 
be [by, at] * see  by 1
be [ڣһ] *μ by1
healf [side, half] * see  half 
healf [ڡǰڡһ] *μ half
?
Traditionally,in behalf of  and on behalf of  have distinct senses. In behalf of  means for the benefit of, as inWe raised money in behalf of the earthquake victims. On behalf of 
means as the agent of; on the part of, as inThe guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child.   The two senses are quite close, however,and are often confused, even by 
reputable writers.
ͳin behalf of  on behalf of Ųͬ˼ In behalf of ΪΪˡ桱 Ϊ߳ On behalf ofʾΪĴˣ ໤˴
ǸСǩ˺ͬ  ˼൱ӽ˾Ū죬һЩҲʱ

= =
behave
be.have
AHD:[b1-h3v] 
D.J.[b!6he!v]
K.K.[b!6hev]
v.ʣ
be.haved,be.hav.ing,be.haves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To conduct oneself in a specified way:
֣Ϊĳһⷽʽж
The child behaved badly at the party.
Ǻھۻϵıֺܲ
To conduct oneself in a proper way:
ֹ壺һ˵ķʽж
I told the child to behave.
ҸǺҪ
To act, react, function, or perform in a particular way:
ĳһⷽʽжӦû֣
This fabric behaves well even in hot weather.
ʹ죬֯Ҳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To conduct (oneself) properly:
ֹˣ
Did you behave yourself at the party?
ھۻϾֹ?
To conduct (oneself) in a specified way:
ĳһⷽʽж
The witness behaved herself with great calmness.
Ŀֵ߱ü侲
?
Middle English behaven 
йӢ behaven 
be- [be-] 
be- [ǰ׺鼰] 
have [have] * see  have 
have [] *μ have

= =
behavior
be.hav.ior
AHD:[b1-h3vyr] 
D.J.[b!6he!vj*]
K.K.[b!6hevj+]
n.ʣ
The manner in which one behaves.
Ϊָжķʽ
Psychology The actions or reactions of persons or things in response to external or internal stimuli.
ѧ ϰԣ˻ڲⲿ̼Ϊ뷴Ӧ
?
Middle English behavour 
йӢ behavour 
from behaven [to behave]  on the model of havour [behavior]  from Old French avoir  from avoir [to have] 
Դ behaven [ж]   havour [Ϊ]  Դ ŷ avoir  Դ avoir [] 
* see  behave 
*μ behave
?
behavioral
adj.ݴʣ
behaviorally
adv.ʣ
?
behavior,conduct,deportment
These nouns all pertain to a person's actions as they constitute a means of evaluation by others.
Щڹ۵ķʽʱ˵Ķйء
 Behavior   is the most general: 
 Behavior  ͨõģ 
time off for good behavior;
ڿ޾
on their best behavior;
ֹڣ
guilty of contemptible behavior.
ΪɳܵΪе׷ڡ
Conduct   applies to actions considered from the standpoint of morality and ethics: 
Conduct  ָ½Ƕж 
The fate of unborn millions will now depend . . .  on the courage and conduct of this army  (George Washington). 
δ԰˵˾ȡ֧ӵж Ρʢ٣ 
Life, not the parson, teaches conduct  (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
ʦǸж Сµ¶ķ˹
 Deportment   more narrowly pertains to actions measured by a prevailing code of social behavior: 
 Deportment  ָΪ׼۵Ϊֹ 
[Old Mr. Turveydrop] was not like anything in the world but a model of Deportment   (Charles Dickens).
  ΪĿģ  ˹Ҹ˹

= =
behind
be.hind
AHD:[b1-hond] 
D.J.[b!6ha!nd]
K.K.[b!6ha!nd]
adv.ʣ
In, to, or toward the rear:
ںأڡβأ
We walked behind.
ں
In a place or condition that has been passed or left:
أڱ˳µĵص״̬أ
I left my gloves behind.
Ұ
In arrears; late:
٣
I fell behind in my payments.
Ҹ
Below the standard level; in or into an inferior position:
磺ڱ׼ˮƽ£ڵ˵λã
Don't fall behind in class.
ڰϵ
Slow:

My watch is running behind.
ҵı
Archaic Yet to come.
 δ
prep.ʣ
At the back of or in the rear of:
ڡ֮ںڡĺ󲿣
He sat behind her.

On the farther side or other side of; beyond:
һߣڡһڡԶǱߣԶڣ
The broom is behind the door.
ɨű
In a place or time that has been passed or left by:
ڡߣѹȥĻµʱص㣺
Their worries are behind them.
ǵķѹȥ
Later than:
ڡ
The plane was behind schedule.
ɻ
Used to indicate deficiency in performance:
󣺱жϵĲ㡢Ƿȱ
behind us in technological develpment.
ڼչ
Hidden or concealed by:
ڸǣءڸǣ
hatred hidden behind a bland smile.
Ͱ΢Цų
In the background of; underlying:
ڡǱڵԭ
Behind your every action is self-interest.
ÿһжڸ˽
In a position of support; at the back of:
֧֣֧λãܣ
The leaders have the army behind them.
ЩоΪ
In pursuit of:
׷׷ϣ
The police were hard behind the escapees.
ڽ׷ӷ
n.ʣ
Informal The buttocks.
ʽ ƨ
?
Middle English bihinde 
йӢ bihinde 
from Old English behindan * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ behindan *μ ko- 

= =
being
be.ing
AHD:[b?1ng] 
D.J.[6bi8!0]
K.K.[6bi!0]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of having existence.See Synonyms at existence 
ڣڵ״̬ʲμ existence
Something, such as an object, an idea, or a symbol, that exists, is thought to exist, or is represented as existing.
ڣָڡΪڻΪڵĳһ塢һָһ
The totality of all things that exist.
дڵĶ֮ܳ
A person:
ˣ
The artist after all is a solitary being(Virginia Woolf)
ұϾǹ¶ˡ(ǡֶ)
All the qualities constituting one that exists; the essence.
Ҫأйɴڵʣʵ
One's basic or essential nature; personality.
ʣһ˻Ļʵԣ

= =
belief
be.lief
AHD:[b1-l?f] 
D.J.[b!6li8f]
K.K.[b!6lif]
n.ʣ
The mental act, condition, or habit of placing trust or confidence in another.
ţģԱ˻λĵ˼״ϰ
Mental acceptance of and conviction in the truth, actuality, or validity of something.
ʵĳȷ˼ϽܻŲ
Something believed or accepted as true, especially a particular tenet or a body of tenets accepted by a group of persons.
Ż򱻽ΪĶָΪһȺ˽ܵһرּԭ
?
Middle English bileve 
йӢ bileve 
alteration  influenced by belt?fan} [to believe] * see  believe 
   belt?fan} [] *μ believe
of Old English gel?a * see  leubh- 
 Ӣ gel? *μ leubh- 
?
belief,credence,credit,faith
The central meaning shared by these nouns is mental acceptance of the truth, actuality, or validity of something: 
Щʵ˼ǡʵĳȷ˼Ͻܡ 
a statement unworthy of belief;
ֵŵۣ
an idea steadily gaining credence;
𲽵õŵĹ
testimony meriting credit;
ֵŵ֤ݣ
put no faith in a liar's assertions. See also Synonyms at  opinion disbelief 
Ҫ˵ߵĶ μͬ opiniondisbelief

= =
believe
be.lieve
AHD:[b1-l?v] 
D.J.[b!6li8v]
K.K.[b!6liv]
v.ʣ
be.lieved,be.liev.ing,be.lieves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To accept as true or real:
ģΪʵܣ
Do you believe the news stories?
Ź?
To credit with veracity:
ʵţ
I believe you.
Ļ
To expect or suppose; think:
룻Ϊ
I believe they will arrive shortly.
Ͼ͵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have firm faith, especially religious faith.
ڽᶨָڽ
To have faith, confidence, or trust:
ĻΣ
I believe in your ability to solve the problem.
н
To have confidence in the truth or value of something:
ļֵģ
We believe in free speech.
ŷ
To have an opinion; think:
뷨Ϊ
They have already left, I believe.
Ѿ뿪
?
Middle English bileven 
йӢ bileven 
from Old English belt?fan, gel?fan} * see  leubh- 
Դ Ӣ belt?fan, gel?fan} *μ leubh- 
?
believer
n.ʣ

= =
bell
bell 1
AHD:[bl] 
D.J.[bel]
K.K.[bWl]
n.ʣ
A hollow metal instrument, usually cup-shaped with a flared opening, that emits a metallic tone when struck.
ӣһпյĽͨʱ״ʽſڣûʱɷ
Something resembling this hollow metal instrument in shape or sound, as:
״״пյĽ壬磺
Music The round, flared mouth of a wind instrument.
֡ ȿԲ
bells Music A percussion instrument consisting of metal tubes or bars that emit tones when struck.
 bells ֡ ٣ɽܻɵģûʱܷĴ
A hollow, usually inverted vessel, such as one used for diving deep below the surface of a body of water.
δһпյġͨõĴǱˮĴ
The corolla of a flower:
ڣ
In a cowslip's bell I lie(Shakespeare)
ҰӣݵλС(ɯʿ)
Nautical 
 
A stroke on a hollow metal instrument to mark the hour.
ְӣûпյĽʾʱ
The time indicated by the striking of this instrument, divided into half hours.
ʱӣûָʾʱ䣬ÿСʱһ
v.ʣ
belled,bell.ing,bells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a bell on.

To cause to flare like a bell.
ʹ״ſ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To assume the form of a bell; flare.
ʹ״ſ
?
bell the cat
To perform a daring act.
ðգ󵨵
?
Middle English belle 
йӢ belle 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
bell
bell 2
AHD:[bl] 
D.J.[bel]
K.K.[bWl]
n.ʣ
The bellowing or baying cry of certain animals, such as a deer in rut or a beagle on the hunt.
ĳЩĺл緢ڵ¹׷еСȮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
belled,bell.ing,bells 
To utter long, deep, resonant sounds; bellow.
Уʱġġ
?
From Middle English bellen [to bellow] 
Դ йӢ bellen [] 
from Old English bellan 
Դ Ӣ bellan 
?
Bell
Bell
AHD:[bl] 
D.J.[bel]
K.K.[bWl]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southern California, a suburb of Los Angeles. Population, 34,365.
ϲһУɼһ˿34,365
?
Bell
BellAlexander Graham (1847-1922)
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish-born American inventor of the telephone. The first demonstration of electrical transmission of speech by his apparatus took place in 1876. Bell also invented the audiometer, an 
early hearing aid, and improved the phonograph.
ɽ󡤸ķ(1847-1922) ո绰ߡ1876װõһν˵紫ıݡһƣĽ
?
Bell
Bell(Arthur) Clive (Howard) (1881-1964)
NONE޴ԣ
British critic who proposed his aesthetic theory of significant form inArt  (1914). 
ɪ򣨻£(1881-1964) Ӣңڡ 1914꣩һʽѧ 
?
Bell
BellJohn (1797-1869)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician from Tennessee who was speaker of the House of Representatives (1834-1835) and later a senator (1847-1859). He fought unsuccessfully to prevent the Civil War.
Լ(1797-1869) μңݣԺˣ1834-1835꣩βԱ1874-1895꣩ͼֹսδɹ

= =
belong
be.long
AHD:[b1-l?ng, -l?ng] 
D.J.[b!6l%80, -6lK0]
K.K.[b!6l%0, -6l$0]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
be.longed,be.long.ing,be.longs 
To be proper, appropriate, or suitable:
ʵˣʺϣ
A napkin belongs at every place setting.
ͽÿһϯλʺ
To be in an appropriate situation or environment:
ڣʺϵ򻷾£
That plant belongs outdoors.
ֲڻ
To be a member of a group, such as a club.
ΪһȺĳԱһֲ
To fit into a group naturally:
ϵȻӦһȺ壺
No matter what I did, I just didn't belong.
ʲôҶúϲ
To be the property of:
ڣǡĲƲ
The earth belongs to the living(Thomas Jefferson)
һ(˹ѷ)
To be a part of something else:
Ϊɲ֣
These blades belong to the food processor.
ƬʳƷӹĸ
?
Middle English bilongen 
йӢ bilongen 
probably bi- [be-] 
Ϊ bi- [ǰ׺ʾȫס] 
longen [to belong]  probably from long [dependent]  from Old English gelang [along, depending] * see  del- 1
longen []  Դ long []  Դ Ӣ gelang [ţ] *μ del- 1

= =
beloved
be.lov.ed
AHD:[b1-l?v1d, -l?vd] 
D.J.[b!6lJv!d, -6lJvd]
K.K.[b!6lJv!d, -6lJvd]
adj.ݴʣ
Dearly loved.

?
Middle English biloved [past participle of] beloven [to love] 
йӢ biloved  [] belovenĹȥִ [] 
bi- [be-] 
bi- [ǰ׺֣ȡ] 
loven [to love] * see  love 
loven [] *μ love
?
beloved
n.ʣ

= =
below
be.low
AHD:[b1-l?] 
D.J.[b!6l*&]
K.K.[b!6lo]
adv.ʣ
In or to a lower place; beneath.
棺ڻ򵽽ϵλã
On or to a lower floor; downstairs.
ڽϵͲ㣻¥
Nautical On or to a lower deck.
 ڻϵ͵ļװ
In a later part of a given text:
ģڸֲֵĺ棺
figures quoted below.

Farther down, as along a slope or valley.
Զ·һбɽ
In or to hell or Hades.
ڵ䣺ڻ
On earth.
ڵ
In a lower rank or class.
¼һײ
Below zero in temperature:
¶£
40= below.
40
prep.ʣ
Underneath; beneath.
ڡ棻ڡ·
Lower than, as on a graduated scale.
ڡ£ڡ£̶ȳϱʾ
Unsuitable to the rank or dignity of:
ʧݣײ˵ʣ
Such petty behavior is below me.
˱ӵΪʧҵ
?
Middle English bilooghe 
йӢ bilooghe 
bi [by] * see  by 1
bi [] *μ by1
loghe [low] * see  low 1
loghe [] *μ low1

= =
belt
belt
AHD:[blt] 
D.J.[belt]
K.K.[bWlt]
n.ʣ
A flexible band, as of leather or cloth, worn around the waist to support clothing, secure tools or weapons, or serve as decoration.
ĴӣƤ죬Χϵ·ȹ̹߻װ
Something that resembles this type of band:
״Ķ
a belt of trees.
״
An encircling route.
·
A seat belt.
λϵϵ
A continuous band or chain for transferring motion or power or conveying materials from one wheel or shaft to another.
ʹĴ԰˶Ʒһӻᴫ͵һ
A band of tough reinforcing material beneath the tread of a tire.
̥Ĳĥļӹ̴
A geographic region that is distinctive in a specific respect:
شĳضԵͻĵ
This is America's rural poverty belt(Charles Kuralt)See Synonyms at area 
ƶش(˹)μ area
Slang A powerful blow; a wallop.
ٵ ػһػ
Slang A strong emotional reaction.
ٵ ǿҵӦ
Slang A drink of hard liquor.
ٵ Ҿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
belt.ed,belt.ing,belts 
To encircle; gird.
ƣΧ
To attach with or as if with an encircling band.
ϵûôӸϵ
To mark with or as if with an encircling band.
ôǺţûû״Ǻ
Slang To strike forcefully; punch.
ٵ ػ
Slang To sing in a loud and forceful manner:
ٵ ظ質
belt out a song.

Slang To swig (an alcoholic beverage).
ٵ ʹƾϣ
?
below the belt
Not according to the rules; unfairly.
أعأƽ
tighten (one's) belt
To begin to exercise thrift and frugality.
ʼʵʩڼԼ
under (one's) belt
In one's possession or experience:
ãգĳ˵ռУ
By his mid-teens, Liszt had three years of intensive concertizing under his belt(Musical Heritage Review)
ʮ塢ʱ˹Ѿϸֻྭ(־Ʒع)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
ultimately from Latin balteus 
Դ  balteus 

= =
bench
bench
AHD:[bnch] 
D.J.[bent.]
K.K.[bWnt.]
n.ʣ
A long seat, often without a back, for two or more persons.
ʣ޿˵ĳ
Nautical A thwart in a boat.
 еĺ
Law 
ɡ 
The seat for judges in a courtroom.
ϯͥϷٵλ
The office or position of a judge.
ٹΣְλ
Often Bench The judge or judges composing a court.
  Bench ٣ǣٻɷͥȫ巨
A seat occupied by a person in an official capacity.
Աϯλְλӵеϯλ
The office of such a person.
˵İ칫
A strong worktable, such as one used in carpentry or in a laboratory.
̨ʵĹ̨ľʵ
A platform on which animals, especially dogs, are exhibited.
̨չʾָƽ̨
Sports 
˶ 
The place where the players on a team sit when not participating in a game.
ʣμӱ˶Աĵط
The reserve players on a team.
˶Ա
A level, narrow stretch of land interrupting a declivity.
׵أбϸɵˮƽխһƬƬ
A level elevation of land along a shore or coast, especially one marking a former shoreline.
غƽߵأغ򺣰ˮƽߵأָ־ǰĺߵƽߵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
benched,bench.ing,bench.es 
To furnish with benches.
ó
To seat on a bench.
ڳ
To show (dogs) in a bench show.
չչ
Sports To keep out of or remove from a game:
˶ ʹ˳
benched the goalie for fighting.
Աܶ˳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English benc 
Դ Ӣ benc 
?
Bench
Bench
AHD:[bnch] Johnny Lee (Born 1947) 
D.J.[bent.]
K.K.[bWnt.]
NONE޴ԣ
American baseball player considered among the greatest catchers in history. In 16 seasons with the Cincinnati Reds (1967-1983), he was the National League's most valuable player 
twice (1970 and 1972).
룬Ǯѡ֣ʷΰĲ֡Чӵ16У1967-1983꣩γΪҰ˵мֵԱ19701972


= =
bend
bend 1
AHD:[bnd] 
D.J.[bend]
K.K.[bWnd]
v.ʣ
bent[bnt] bend.ing,bends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring (something) into a state of tension:
䣺ʹĳﴦ״̬
bend a bow.

To cause to assume a curved or angular shape:
ʹʹʹɽǶȣ
bend a piece of iron into a horseshoe.
һ
To force to assume a different direction or shape, according to one's own purpose:
ʹΣǿУԼĿǿγɲͬķ״
Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events(Robert F. Kennedy)
ûΰԸıʷÿ˶ԸıһС֡(޲F.)
To cause to swerve from a straight line; deflect.
ʹת䣻תʹֱת
To render submissive; subdue.
ʾӣʹ
To apply (the mind) closely:
ȫڣ
The weary naval officer goes to bed at night having bent his brain all day to a scheme of victory(Jack Beatty)
ƣĺ춼ڼȫ˼ʤķҹϴ˯(ܿˡ)
Nautical To fasten:
 ϵ
bend a mainsail onto the boom.
ϵڷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deviate from a straight line or position:
ƫ򣺴ֱ߻ֱλƫȥ
The lane bends to the right at the bridge.
Сת
To assume a curved, crooked, or angular form or direction:
ʹɽǶȣ
The saplings bent in the wind.
ڷ
To incline the body; stoop.

To make a concession; yield.
ò
To apply oneself closely; concentrate:
רģо
She bent to her task.
רĹ
n.ʣ
The act or fact of bending.
Ķʵ
The state of being bent.
״̬
Something bent:
Ķ
a bend in the road.
·ϵת䴦
bends Nautical The thick planks in a ship's side; wales.
 bends  ֻⲿ壺ĺ壻ľ
bends (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A manifestation of decompression sickness that is caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues after a rapid reduction in the 
surrounding pressure and is characterized by pain in the joints and abdomen.
 bends 뵥ã߿ղΧѹٺѪҺ֯γɵݶһּѹ֢״Ϊؽں͸ʹ
?
around the bendٵ
Insane; crazy.
ҵģ
bend (someone's) earٵ
To talk to at length, usually excessively.
̸۲ݣʱؽ̸ͨǹϸ̸
?
Middle English benden 
йӢ benden 
from Old English bendan * see  bhendh- 
Դ Ӣ bendan *μ bhendh- 
?
bend,crook,curve,round
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to swerve or cause to swerve from a straight line: 
Щʵ˼ǡֱתʹת򡱣 
bent his knees and knelt;
˫ϥ£
crooks her little finger when she holds a teacup;
˲豭ʱСָͷ
claws that curve under;
²צӣ
rounding the lips to articulate an o. straighten 
˫O straighten
?
bend
bend 2
AHD:[bnd] 
D.J.[bend]
K.K.[bWnd]
n.ʣ
Heraldry A band passing from the upper dexter corner of an escutcheon to the lower sinister corner.
ѧ ܴƵĶܻյϽǵ½ǵĴ
Nautical A knot that joins a rope to a rope or another object.
 ᣺ӻһһĽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bend [band,] 
Դ Ӣ bend [] 
and from Old French bende [band]  [of Germanic origin] * see  bhendh- 
Դ ŷ bende []  [Դն] *μ bhendh- 
?
Bend
Bend
AHD:[bnd] 
D.J.[bend]
K.K.[bWnd]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of central Oregon at the eastern foot of the Cascade Range east of Eugene. Lumbering and tourism are important to its economy. Population, 20,469.
£ոвУλȽԶĿ˹ɽ´ĶľҵҵΪҪ֧˿20,469

= =
beneath
be.neath
AHD:[b1-n?th] 
D.J.[b!6ni8G]
K.K.[b!6niG]
adv.ʣ
In a lower place; below.
·
Underneath.
ڵ
prep.ʣ
Lower than; below.
ڣڡ·
Covered or concealed by:
ǣأ
The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow.
رİѩ
Under the force, control, or influence of.
ڡƻӰ֮
Lower than, as in rank or station.
ڡڵȼλϵ
Unworthy of; unbefitting:
ֵãڣ
It was beneath me to beg.
ֵȥ
?
Middle English binethe 
йӢ binethe 
from Old English beneothan 
Դ Ӣ beneothan 
be [by] * see  by 1
be [] *μ by1
neothan [below] 
neothan [] 

= =
beneficial
ben.e.fi.cial
AHD:[bn-f1shl] 
D.J.[7ben*6f!.*l]
K.K.[7bWn*6f!.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Producing or promoting a favorable result; advantageous.
ģٽĽģ
Law Receiving or having the right to receive proceeds or other advantages.
ɡ ģõӵȨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French beneficial 
Դ ŷ beneficial 
from Late Latin benefici3s 
Դ  benefici3s 
from Latin beneficium [benefit] * see  benefice 
Դ  beneficium [棬ô] *μ benefice
?
beneficially
adv.ʣ
beneficialness
n.ʣ
?
beneficial,profitable,advantageous
These adjectives apply to what promotes benefit or gain.
Щݴڴٽ
 Beneficial   is said of what enhances well-being: 
 Beneficial  Ϊ 
a temperate climate beneficial to the health;
ڽº
an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries.
йҶЭ顣
Profitable   refers to what yields material gain or useful compensation: 
Profitable  ָõĲ 
profitable speculation on the stock market;
ڹƱгϵͼͶ
a profitable meeting to resolve difficulties. Something 
ڽѵĻ顣 
 advantageous   affords improvement in relative position or in chances of success: 
 advantageous  ָԵλϻɹĻ᷽ƣ 
signed a contract that is advantageous to our company;
ǩһǹ˾ĺͬ
found it socially advantageous to entertain often and well. 
־ؿ˿յЧ 

= =
benefit
ben.e.fit
AHD:[bn-f1t] 
D.J.[6ben*f!t]
K.K.[6bWn*f!t]
n.ʣ
Something that promotes or enhances well-being; an advantage.
棺ٽǿĶô
Help; aid.
Ԯ
A payment made or an entitlement available in accordance with a wage agreement, an insurance policy, or a public assistance program.
ȼý𣬱շѣչЭ顢յ򹫹ƻṩķûȨ
A public entertainment, performance, or social event held to raise funds for a person or cause.
ݣΪ˻ĳһҵе֡ݳ
Archaic A kindly deed.
 У
v.ʣ
ben.e.fit.ed Ҳ ben.e.fit.ted ben.e.fit.ing ben.e.fit.ting ben.e.fits ben.e.fits  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be helpful or useful to.
ڡڡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To derive benefit:
棺
You will benefit from her good example.
㽫ĺðе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bienfait [good deed] 
Դ ŷ bienfait [] 
from Latin benefactum 
Դ  benefactum 
from benefacere [to do a service] * see  benefaction 
Դ benefacere [ṩ] *μ benefaction
?
benefit,capitalize,profit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to derive advantage from something: 
Щʵ˼ǡĳ桱 
benefited from the stock split;
ӹƱķָ棻
capitalized on her adversary's blunder;
ֵĴ棻
profiting from experience. 
ھ 

= =
berry
ber.ry
AHD:[br?] 
D.J.[6beri8]
K.K.[6bWri]
n.ʣ
 ber.ries 
Botany An indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary and having the whole wall fleshy, such as the grape or tomato.
ֲѧ һִӵӷĹΪʵıչѻ
A small, juicy, fleshy fruit, such as a blackberry or raspberry, regardless of its botanical structure.
ֲࣺṹεС֭͡ˮݮľݮ
The small, dark egg of certain crustaceans or fishes.
ѣѣĳּ׿ǸٶСҰɫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ber.ried,ber.ry.ing,ber.ries 
To hunt for or gather berries:
Ѱҽժ
went berrying in July.
ȥɽ
To bear or produce berries.
Ὤ
?
Middle English berye 
йӢ berye 
from Old English berie * see  bh3- 1
Դ Ӣ berie *μ bh3- 1
?
Berry
Ber.ry
AHD:[b-r?] 
D.J.[be6ri8]
K.K.[bW6ri]
NONE޴ԣ
A historical region and former province of central France. Purchased by the French crown in 1101, it became an independent duchy in 1360 and reverted to the crown in 1601.
λڷвʷĵ;ʱһʡ1101걻1360ΪһĹأ1601ع
?
Berry
Ber.ry
AHD:[br?] Charles Edward Anderson  Known as Chuck.(Born 1926) 
D.J.[6beri8]
K.K.[6bWri]
NONE޴ԣ
American musician and singer considered among the earliest and most influential rock 'n' roll performers.
˹»ɭ( 1926) ּҺ͸֣ΪĺӰҡֱ֮һ

= =
beside
be.side
AHD:[b1-sod] 
D.J.[b!6sa!d]
K.K.[b!6sa!d]
prep.ʣ
At the side of; next to.
ڡԱߣ
In comparison with:
롭Ƚϣ
a proposal that seems quite reasonable beside the others.
һƺ൱Ľ
On an equal footing with:
롭ƽȣ
has earned a place beside the best performers in the business.
ҵӮƽȵĵλ
In addition to:
֮⣺
Many creatures beside man live in communities(Stuart Chase)See Usage Note at besides 
֮⣬ҲȺӵġ(˹ͼء˹)μ besides
Except for.See Usage Note at besides 
˲μ besides
Not relevant to:
롭޹أ
a remark that was beside the point.

adv.Archaic ʣ 
In addition.
֮
Nearby.
ڸ
?
beside (oneself)
In a state of extreme excitement or agitation:
񣺴쳣˷ܻ򼤶״̬
They were beside themselves with glee.
ϲ
?
Middle English biside 
йӢ biside 
from Old English be son 
Դ Ӣ be son 
be [by] * see  by 1
be [] *μ by1
soe [side] 
soe [һ] 

= =
besides
be.sides
AHD:[b1-sodz] 
D.J.[b!6sa!dz]
K.K.[b!6sa!dz]
adv.ʣ
In addition; also.
֮⣻Ҳ
Moreover; furthermore.See Synonyms at also 
ңμ also
Otherwise; else:
⣻ģ
has been to Mexico but nowhere besides.
ȥī絫ûȥĵط
prep.ʣ
In addition to.
֮
Except for; other than.
ˡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
biside [at the side] * see  beside 
biside [Ա] *μ beside
-es [adv. suff.] * see  -s 3
-es [ʺ׺] *μ -s3
?
In modern usage the senses in addition to and except for are conveyed more often bybesides  than beside.  Thus:  
ִ÷У֮⡱͡ˡ⡱˼besides  beside   
He had few friends besides us. See Usage Note at together 
֮ûʲô μ together

= =
best
best
AHD:[bst] 
D.J.[best]
K.K.[bWst]
adj.ݴʣ
 good߼ʽ 
Surpassing all others in excellence, achievement, or quality; most excellent:
õģŵ㡢ɾͻϳеģģ
the best performer; the best grade of ore.
ıߣŵȼʯ
Most satisfactory, suitable, or useful; most desirable:
ʵģġʺϵģõģϺҪģ
the best solution; the best time for planting.
ѽֲʱ
Greatest; most:
ģģ
He spoke for the best part of an hour.
˴ͷ
adv.ʣ
 well2߼ʽ  
In a most excellent way; most creditably or advantageously.
ѵأѵأŵػ
To the greatest degree or extent; most:
޶ȵأ
He was certainly the best hated man in the ship(W. Somerset Maugham)
Ǵɺ޵ˡ( W.ĬءĪķ)
n.ʣ
One that surpasses all others.
ٮٮ
The best part, moment, or value:
õĲ֣õʱ䣬õļֵ
The best is still to come. Let's get the best out of life.
õʱ̼еľ
The optimum condition or quality:
״ʵ
look your best. She was at her best in the freestyle competition.
㿴üˡʽӾд״̬
One's nicest or most formal clothing.
ʢװ÷װһõĻʽ
The supreme effort one can make:
ŬһܾŬ
doing our best.
ǵŬ
One's warmest wishes or regards:
ףʺ
Give them my best.
ǱʾҵףԸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
best.ed,best.ing,bests 
To get the better of; beat:
ʤܣ
I'm a rough customer, I expect, but I know when I'm bested(Nathanael West)
֪ǸѲĿͻұռϷʱ֪֮(ڶΤ˹)
?
at best
Interpreted most favorably; at the most:
ࣺ
no more than 40 people at best in attendance.
в40˲μ
Under the most favorable conditions:
£
has a top speed of 20 miles per hour at best.
ʱΪÿСʱ20Ӣ
for the best
With an ultimately positive or preferable result.
Ǻõģһֹ۵ĻĽ
get the best of 
have the best of
To outdo or outwit; defeat:
ܣʤӮܣ
My opponent got the best of me in the debate.
ڱҵĶʤ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English betst * see  bhad- 
Դ Ӣ betst *μ bhad- 
?
According to rule,better  should be used in comparisons between two things: Which house of Congress has the better  (not best ) attendance record?  In certain fixed expressions, 
however,best  is used idiomatically for comparisons between two: Put your best foot forward. May the best man win!  See Usage Note at better 1rather 
չ涨better ӦֶıȽϣ which house of Congress has the better  best  attendence recordһεϯʸһЩ  ĳЩ̶ı
best Ҳϰ֮ıȽϣ ȫԸףѵȡʤ  μ better1rather

= =
bet
bet
AHD:[bt] 
D.J.[bet]
K.K.[bWt]
n.ʣ
An agreement usually between two parties that the one who has made an incorrect prediction about an uncertain outcome will forfeit something stipulated to the other; a wager.
ģ֮ͨһЭĳһԤ⣬´һһĳԼĶĲ
An amount or object risked in a wager; a stake.
עĲ壻ע
One on which a stake is or can be placed:
¶עĶ
Our team is a sure bet to win.
עǶӿ϶Ӯ
A plan or an option considered with regard to its probable consequence:
ԣһܵõܵĽļƻѡ
Your best bet is to make reservations ahead of time.
õķǰԤ
Informal A view; an opinion:
ʽ ۵㣻
My bet is that the rain will hold off.
ҿͣ
v.ʣ
bet  bet.ted bet.ting,bets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stake (an amount, for example) in a bet.
Ĳ
To make a bet with:
롭ģ
I bet them that we would be first.
ҸǴǻõһ
To make a bet on (a contestant or an outcome).
¶עĳ£һ߻һ
To maintain confidently, as if making a bet:
ȷţţƵȷţ
I bet they were surprised by the news.
ȷϢʹǴһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or place a bet.

?
you betʽ
Of course; surely.
Ȼȷ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դδ֪] 
?
bet,ante,pot,stake,wager
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something valuable risked on an uncertain outcome: 
ЩʵĹͬ˼ǡΪһȷĽֵðյһЩ顱 
placed a 50-dollar bet on a horse in the first race;
һһƥ50ԪĶע
raising the ante in a poker game;
ֽϷ߶Ľ
won the whole pot in bridge;
ƱӮȫע
defeated her opponent and took the stakes;
սʤĶֲҴӮˣ
laid a wager on who would get the role. 
˭Ӯýɫ 

= =
betray
be.tray
AHD:[b1-tr3] 
D.J.[b!6tre!]
K.K.[b!6tre]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
be.trayed,be.tray.ing,be.trays 
To give aid or information to an enemy of; commit treason against:
ѣзṩ鱨ͨѹ
betray one's country.

To deliver into the hands of an enemy in violation of a trust or allegiance:
Υλҳϵ͸з
betrayed Christ to the Romans.
Үճ
To be false or disloyal to:
Żʵ
betrayed their cause; betray one's better nature.
ʵǵҵ
To divulge in a breach of confidence:
Υζй¶
betray a secret.
й¶
To make known unintentionally:
ʶر¶
Her hollow laugh betrayed her contempt for the idea.
ĴЦʾԴ˹۵
To reveal against one's desire or will.See Synonyms at reveal 1
й¶Ըй¶й¶ĳ˵Ըμ reveal1
To lead astray; deceive.See Synonyms at deceive 
;ƭμ deceive
?
Middle English bitrayen 
йӢ bitrayen 
bi- [be-] 
bi- [ǰ׺ȫأ׵ء] 
trayen [to betray]  from Old French trair  from Latin tr3e [to hand over] * see  tradition 
trayen []  Դ ŷ trair  Դ  tr3e [] *μ tradition
?
betrayal
n.ʣ
betrayer
n.ʣ

= =
better
better 1
AHD:[btr] 
D.J.[6bet*]
K.K.[6bWt+]
adj.ݴʣ
 goodıȽϼʽ 
Greater in excellence or higher in quality than another of the same class, set, or kind.
ϺõģͬȾи߻Ʒʵ
More useful, suitable, or desirable than another or others:
ʺϵģһȸáʺϣ
found a better way to go; a suit with a better fit than that one.
ҵһõ·Ǽʵ·
More highly skilled or adept than another or others:
óģһľи߼ܵģ
I am better at math than English.
ӢҸóѧ
Greater or larger:
϶ģϴģ
argued for the better part of an hour.
˴Сʱ
More advantageous or favorable than others; improved:
ģĸģĽģ
a better chance of success.
õĳɹ
Healthier or more fit than before:
ϽģǰӦģ
The patient is better today.
˽Щ
adv.ʣ
 well2ıȽϼʽ  
In a more excellent way.
ϼѵ
To a greater extent or degree:
ﵽߵĳ̶ȣ
better suited to the job; likes it better without sauce.
Ӧְҵϲӽ֭
To greater advantage; preferably:
õأﵽ̶ȣƫأ
a deed better left undone.
ܱȲ
More:
ڣ
It took me better than a year to recover.
һԺҲŻָ
n.ʣ
One that is greater in excellence or higher in quality than another or others.
ߣ̶ϸǿõĶ
A superior, as in standing, competence, or intelligence.
ߣλǻ۸ߵ
v.ʣ
bet.tered,bet.ter.ing,bet.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make better; improve:
ʹãƣ
trying to better conditions in the prison; bettered myself by changing jobs.See Synonyms at improve 
ŬƼԱԼμ improve
To surpass or exceed.
ڻ򳬹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become better.
ø
?
for the better
Resulting in or aiming at an improvement:
תƣɻĿڸƵģ
Her condition took a turn for the better.

had better
Usage Problem Ought to; must:
÷ѡ Ӧã룺
We had better go before the storm becomes worse.
ڱ֮ǰþ
think better of
To change one's mind about (a course of action) after reconsideration.
ԡиۣ¿֮ıԣһΪ̣Ŀ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English betera * see  bhad- 
Դ Ӣ betera *μ bhad- 
?
The phrasehad better  is acceptable, as long as the had  or its contraction is preserved: You had better do it  or You'd better do it,  but not You better do it.  See Usage Note at best 
,rather 
had better УҪʹ had дʽܱܣ you had better do it  you'd better do it  you better do it  μ best,rather
?
better
better 2
AHD:[btr] 
D.J.[6bet*]
K.K.[6bWt+]
n.ʣ
Variant of bettor 
 bettorı

= =
between
be.tween
AHD:[b1-tw?n] 
D.J.[b!6twi8n]
K.K.[b!6twin]
prep.Abbr. bet.ʣд bet.
In or through the position or interval separating:
ڡ֮䣺ڷλûʱ֮䣺
between the trees; between 11 o'clock and 12 o'clock.
ľ䣻11㵽12֮
Intermediate to, as in quantity, amount, or degree:
ڡ֮䣺̶Ͼмģ
It costs between 15 and 20 dollars.
ֵ1520Ԫ֮
Usage Problem Connecting spatially:
÷ѡ ӣڿռӵģ
a railroad between the two cities.
֮·
Usage Problem Associating or uniting in a reciprocal action or relationship:
÷ѡ ϣϣ໥Ϊϵϵţ
an agreement between workers and management; a certain resemblance between the two stories.
֮Э飻֮ĳ֮
By the combined effort or effect of:
ڹͬŬĽ
Between them they succeeded.
ڹͬŬǳɹ
In the combined ownership of:
ͬӵУ
They had only a few dollars between them.
ֻܹмԪ
As measured against. Often used to express a reciprocal relationship:
Ȩ⣺Ȩ⣬롭ȽϡͨڱʾһֻĹϵ
choose between riding and walking.
ڴ·֮ѡ
adv.ʣ
In an intermediate space, position, or time; in the interim.
ڡУڿռ䣬λûʱм䣻ڵ
?
between you and me
In the strictest confidence.
֪֪֪֪ʾǳ
in between
In an intermediate situation:
м״
My roommates disagreed and I was caught in between.
ҵѲͬ⣬ұм
in between times
During an intervening period; in the meantime:
ţͬʱһʱڣͬʱ
has written several books and teaches in between times.
дͬʱҲ
?
Middle English bitwene 
йӢ bitwene 
from Old English betw?m * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ betw?m *μ dwo- 
?
betweenness
n.ʣ
?
According to a widely repeated but unjustified tradition,between  is used for two, and among  for more than two. It is true thatbetween  is the only choice when exactly two entities 
are specified: the choice between  (not among ) good and evil, the rivalry between  (not among ) Great Britain and France.   When more than two entities are involved, however, or when 
the number of entities is unspecified,the choice of one or the other word depends on the intended sense.Between  is used when the entities are considered as distinct individuals; 
among,  when they are considered as a mass or collectivity. Thus in the sentenceThe bomb landed between the houses,  the houses are seen as points that define the boundaries of 
the area of impact (so that we presume that none of the individual houses was hit). InThe bomb landed among the houses,  the area of impact is considered to be the general location of 
the houses, taken together (in which case it is left open whether any houses were hit). By the same token, we may speak ofa series of wars between the Greek cities,  which suggests 
that each city was an independent belligerent, or ofa series of wars among the Greek cities,  which allows as well the possibility that the belligerents were shifting alliances of cities. For 
this reason,among  is most appropriate to indicate inclusion in a group:  
ظεûʲôݵĴͳbetween ֮䣬 among ڶϡ ֻᵽʵʱbetween ȷʵΨһѡ the choice between  
among  good and evil֮ѡ񣩣the rivalry between  among  Great Britain and FranceӢĶԿ  ǣ浽ʵʱʵĿȷ
ѡ֮һȡԡʵ屻ͬĸʱbetween  䱻򼯺ʱamong  ھThe bomb landed between the houses Уݱһ
޶еĽޣ ǼһķδУThe bomb landed among the houses УеǷݵ ·Ƿ
вδ˵ͬıʾǿ˵a series of wars between the Greek cities  ʾÿǶĲսߣҲ˵a series of wars among the Greek cities ʾ
ĳЩΪϲսߵĿԡ ˣamong ʺϱʾһȺһ֮ڣ  
She is among the best of our young sculptors.
ĵܼõ֮һ
There is a spy among you (this last is arguably appropriate even when there are only two addressees; 
ǵи 
certainlybetween  would be impossible). Between  is the preferred choice when the entities are seen as determining the limits or endpoints of a range:  
һڵʱȻbetween ǲܵģ ʵ屻ΪȷĳΧĽ޻յʱʺѡbetween   
The plane went down somewhere between Quito, Lima, and La Paz.
ɻڻࡢ˹֮ĳ׹١
The truck driver had obviously been drinking between stops. 
˾Ȼ;վ˾ 

= =
bewilder
be.wil.der
AHD:[b1-w1ldr] 
D.J.[b!6w!ld*]
K.K.[b!6w!ld+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
be.wil.dered,be.wil.der.ing,be.wil.ders 
To confuse or befuddle, especially with numerous conflicting situations, objects, or statements.See Synonyms at puzzle 
ʹΪѣʹԻԻңָҵԻμ puzzle
To cause to lose one's bearings; disorient:
ʹʧʹʧȥʹʧ
The twists and turns in the cave soon bewildered us.
ĶѨʹǺܿʧȥ˷
?
bewilderedly
adv.ʣ
bewilderedness
n.ʣ
bewilderingly
adv.ʣ
?
The wordbewilder  is probably used much more commonly in its figurative sense to confuse than in its literal sense to cause to lose one's bearings; disorient.  Yet the latter 
sense is most likely the clue to the original source of this word.Bewilder,  first recorded in 1684, is made up of the prefix be-,  here meaning completely, and the verb wilder,  
meaning to cause to lose one's way, first found in 1613. Wilder  may in turn be a back-formation from wilderness,  a much older word than wilder.   Users of English might have 
erroneously thought thatwilderness  was derived from an older verb wilder,   which they then used with reference to the loss of one's way that can occur in a wilderness.
bewilder Ŷ塰ʹԻ󡱣塰ʹʧȥʹʧ򡱡 Ȼ߸ӽʵı⡣Bewilder һ1684״ּأǰ׺ 
be- Ϊȫء1613״ηֵΪʹ·Ķ wilder ɡ Wilder ܴ wilderness ݶһ wilder ϵöĴʡ Ӣʹ߿Ϊ
wilderness ǴӸϵĶ wilder ģ ǰwildernessܷڻҰе·ϵ

= =
beyond
be.yond
AHD:[b?-?nd, b1-y?nd] 
D.J.[bi86Knd, b!6jKnd]
K.K.[bi6$nd, b!6j$nd]
prep.ʣ
On the far side of; past:
ԶǱߣ
Just beyond the fence.
Ǳ
Later than; after:
ڣ֮
beyond midnight.
ҹ֮
To a degree that is past the understanding, reach, or scope of:
⡢Χ۽磩֮ϣ
an evil beyond remedy.
޿ɾҩа
To a degree or amount greater than:
ڣڳ̶Ȼϴڣ
rich beyond his wildest dreams.
ĲƸ
In addition to:
⣺
asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.
ƽƽһ
adv.ʣ
Farther along or away.
Զ
In addition; more:
⣻ࣺ
wanted her share but nothing beyond.
һݱ
n.ʣ
That which is past or to a degree greater than knowledge or experience; the unknown:
δ֪ﵽ֪ʶ֮Ķδ֪֮£
Sputnik, the first satellite to enter the great beyond of space(Dale Russakoff)
ǽδ֪ռĵһǡ(³)
The world beyond death; the hereafter.
磻
?
Middle English biyonde 
йӢ biyonde 
from Old English begeondan 
Դ Ӣ begeondan 
be [by] * see  by 1
be [] *μ by1
geondan [on the far side of] * see  i- 
geondan [Զ] *μ i- 

= =
bias
bi.as
AHD:[bos] 
D.J.[6ba!*s]
K.K.[6ba!*s]
n.ʣ
A line going diagonally across the grain of fabric:
֯бߣ
Cut the cloth on the bias.
бƲÿ
Usage Problem 
÷ѡ 
A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment.
ƫƫģƫûָƽжϵƫ
An unfair act or policy stemming from prejudice.
ƫ̻ƫĲΪ
A statistical sampling or testing error caused by systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
ƫϵͳϵĽƫµͳƳĴ
Sports 
˶ 
A weight or irregularity in a ball that causes it to swerve, as in lawn bowling.
б·ߣڲݵر˶еתػ򲻹·
The tendency of such a ball to swerve.
·ͻȻת
The fixed voltage applied to an electrode.
ƫѹ
adj.ݴʣ
Slanting or diagonal; oblique:
бģƫģ
a bias fold.
б
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bi.ased  bi.assed bi.as.ing  bi.as.sing bi.as.es  bi.as.ses  
To influence in a particular, typically unfair direction; prejudice.
ʹƫʹ򲻹ʩӰ죻ʹƫ
To apply a small voltage to (a grid).
դƫѹ
?
French biais [slant] 
 biais [б] 
from Proven?al 
Դ ˹ 
perhaps ultimately from Greek epikarsios [slanted] 
Դ ϣ epikarsios [б] 
?
bias,color,jaundice,prejudice,warp
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to influence unfavorably or detrimentally: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡкӰ족 
past experiences that have biased his outlook;
ǰ;вӰľ
behavior that has colored my opinion of her;
ʹҶвΪ
a view of campaign promises that have become jaundiced;
ԾѡŵƫĹ۵㣻
lying that has prejudiced the public against the administration;
ƭڷĻԣ
bitterness that has warped your judgment. See also Synonyms at  incline ,predilection 
ʹӰж μͬ incline,predilection
?
In its sense of a preference or an inclination,bias  can, in principle, be used with equal appropriateness for an inclination that is beneficial or for one that is adverse. But in a 
development similar to the one undergone bydiscrimination, bias has come to be used most commonly when it is believed that some injustice is involved. Thus, 90 percent of the 
Usage Panel accepts the sentence The court's ruling provided a strong endorsement of affirmative action programs as a means to counter the effect of decades of racial bias in police 
hiring practices.  Moreover, it has become increasingly acceptable to usebias  to refer not just to an unfair preference but to an unfair act or policy based on such a preference, as in 
The report also notes remarkably consistent biases in administration R&D budget requests. These included emphasis on military R&D and civil basic research   (Christian 
Science Monitor).
ڱʾƫʱbias ҪʾһĻ ䷢չdiscrimination˼ʱ bias͸Ҫʾ ˣٷ֮
ʮ÷ʹСԱľӣ  ͥĲþ֧˰ѷжΪһֶΣԾʮھƸϵƫ ˣbias һʲԽԽ
ڱʾһֲ򣬶ҸʾһֶڲĲΪߣ ¾䣺滹ᵽƶо뷢չԤеġ쳣һġƫ 
ǿо뷢չûо Ա

= =
bibliography
bib.li.og.ra.phy
AHD:[b1bl?-?gr-f?] 
D.J.[7b!bli86Kgr*fi8]
K.K.[7b!bli6$gr*fi]
n.ʣ
 bib.li.og.ra.phies д bibliog.
A list of the works of a specific author or publisher.
ĿĿ¼ĳһ߻̵ƷĿ¼
A list of writings relating to a given subject:
רĿ¼ĳһƷĿ¼
a bibliography of Latin American history.
ʷĿ
A list of writings used or considered by an author in preparing a particular work.
߲οĿĳһ׼ĳһʱõοƷĿ¼
The description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, authorship, and typography of books or other written material.
鼮Ʒİ汾ڡߺӡˢķͼ
A compilation of such information.
Ϣı༭
?
bibliographical
AHD:[--gr2f1-kl]   bibli.o.graphic [-1k] ݴʣ
bibliographically
adv.ʣ

= =
bicycle
bi.cy.cle
AHD:[bos1kl, -s1-kl, -sokl] 
D.J.[6ba!7s!k*l, -s!k*l, -7sa!k*l]
K.K.[6ba!7s!k*l, -s!k*l, -7sa!k*l]
n.ʣ
A vehicle consisting of a light frame mounted on two wire-spoked wheels one behind the other and having a seat, handlebars for steering, brakes, and two pedals or a small motor by 
which it is driven.
гһͽṹعߣǰ֧ţгݷ֡ƶ̤һС
An exercise bicycle.
һֽõг
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a bicycle shop; bicycle paths.
г̵ꣻг
v.intr.ﶯʣ
bi.cy.cled,bi.cy.cling,bi.cy.cles 
To ride or travel on a bicycle.
гг

Probably bi- 1
Ϊ bi-1
-cycle  on the model of tricycle [three-wheeled coach] 
-cycle   tricycle[] 

bicycler
AHD:[-klr]   bicy.clist [-kl1st] ʣ

= =
bid
bid
AHD:[b1d] 
D.J.[b!d]
K.K.[b!d]
v.ʣ
bade[b2d, b3d]   bid bid.den[b1dn]   bid bid.ding,bids 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To issue a command to; direct.See Synonyms at command 
ָʾμ command
To utter (a greeting or salutation).
¾ʺ⣩
To invite to attend; summon.
룺μӣٻ
past tense and past participle bid Games To state one's intention to take (tricks of a certain number or suit in cards):
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ bid Ϸ ƣҪĳһɫӮĿԸ
bid four hearts.
ĸ
past tense and past participle bid To offer or propose (an amount) as a price.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ bid ۣһΪ۸
past tense and past participle bid To offer (someone) membership, as in a group or club:
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ bid ΪԱΪĳһֲĳԱ
glancing around to be sure that he had been bid by a society that he wanted(Louis Auchincloss)
ɨȷԼѱҪɡ(·˹½˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
past tense and past participle bid To make an offer to pay or accept a specified price:
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ bid Ͷ꣺ۻĳһضļ۸
decided not to bid on the roll-top desk.
ͶŶǿɾд̨
past tense and past participle bid To seek to win or attain something; strive.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ bid ͼõӮĳ
n.ʣ
An offer or proposal of a price.
ۣһ۸
The amount offered or proposed:
ͶۣĳĿ
They lost the contract because their bid was too high.
̫߶ʧȥźͬ
An invitation, especially one offering membership in a group or club.
壺룬ָһֲΪԱ
Games 
Ϸ 
The act of bidding in cards.
ƣеĽ
The number of tricks or points declared.
еĶ
The trump or no-trump declared.
ƽжƽж
The turn of a player to bid.
ƣֵĳֽ
An earnest effort to win or attain something:
ŬȡҪӮûõĳŬ
made a bid for the presidency.
ͼѡͳ

bid in
To outbid on one's own property at an auction in order to raise the final selling price.
߼ۣΪԼĲƲ߼̧ۼ
bid up
To increase the amount bid:
̧̧߳
bid up the price of wheat.
̧С۸

bid defiance
To refuse to submit; offer resistance to.
Կܾӣܡ
bid fair
To appear likely.
ƺ

Middle English bidden [to ask, command]  from Old English biddan * see  g whedh- 
йӢ bidden [Ҫ]  Դ Ӣ biddan *μ g whedh- 
Middle English beden [to offer, proclaim]  from Old English b?n * see  bheudh- 
йӢ beden []  Դ Ӣ b?n *μ bheudh- 

bidder
n.ʣ

= =
big
big
AHD:[b1g] 
D.J.[b!g]
K.K.[b!g]
adj.ݴʣ
big.ger,big.gest 
Of considerable size, number, quantity, magnitude, or extent; large.See Synonyms at large 
޴ģڳߴ硢֡ȻΧ൱ģ޴Ĳμ large
Of great force; strong:
ǿģģǿģ
a big wind; in a big rage.
磻ʢŭ
Obsolete Of great strength.
 ǿģ
Grown-up; adult.
ģ˵
Pregnant:
еģ
big with child.

Filled up; brimming over:
ģ˵ģģ
felt big with love.

Having or exercising considerable authority, control, or influence:
ҪģӰģл൱ȨӰģ
a big official; a big chief.
ҪԱҪ׳
Conspicuous in position, wealth, or importance; prominent:
ԺյģڵλƸҪԷעĿģġҪģ
a big figure in the peace movement.
ںƽ˶Ժյ
Of great significance; momentous:
شģشģҪģ
a big decision; a big victory.
ششʤ
Informal Self-important; cocky:
ʽ Դģģ
You're too big for your own good.
̫Ը
Loud and firm; resounding:
ģᶨģģ
a big voice.
ɤ
Bountiful; generous:
ģȵģ
had a big heart.

adv.ʣ
In a pretentious or boastful way:
أԸػԿأ
talked big about the new job.
¹ĺô
Informal 
ʽ 
With considerable success:
ɹأȡþ޴ɹأ
made it big with their recent best-selling album.
ĳƬȡúܴɹ
In a thorough or unmistakable way; emphatically:
Ȼأȫػȷɵأأ
failed big at the box office.
Ʊʧ

big on
Enthusiastic about; partial to:
ԡĵģԡƫ
The Japanese are big on ranking things and deciding which is Number One(James Fallows)
ձڽֳŵȣȻǸǵһȵġ(ղķ˹˹)

Middle English 
йӢ 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[ҲԴ˹ά] 

biggish
adj.ݴʣ
bigly
adv.ʣ
bigness
n.ʣ

= =
bike
bike
AHD:[bok] 
D.J.[ba!k]
K.K.[ba!k]
n.ʣ
A bicycle.
г
A motorcycle.
Ħг
A motorbike.
̤ó
v.intr.ﶯʣ
biked,bik.ing,bikes 
To ride a bike.
г

Shortening and alteration of bicycle 
 bicycleļдͱ仯

= =
bill
bill 1
AHD:[b1l] 
D.J.[b!l]
K.K.[b!l]
n.ʣ
An itemized list or statement of fees or charges.
ʵϸû򿨿ĵݻ򱨱
A statement or list of particulars, such as a theater program or menu.
ϷԺ浥˵ĳָ嵥Ŀ¼Ŀ˵
The entertainment offered by a theater.
ĿԺṩĽĿ
A public notice, such as an advertising poster.
棬棬
A piece of legal paper money:
ֽϷֽң
a ten-dollar bill.
һʮԪĳƱ
Slang One hundred dollars.
ٵ һԪ
A bill of exchange.
ƱƱ
Obsolete A promissory note.
 ƱƱ
A draft of a proposed law presented for approval to a legislative body.
ݽ׼ķɲݰ
The law enacted from such a draft:
״ݰƶķɣ
a bottle bill in effect in three states; the GI Bill.
ЧľƷ·
Law A document presented to a court and containing a formal statement of a case, complaint, or petition.
ɡ 飺ͥṩİʽİظļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
billed,bill.ing,bills 
To present a statement of costs or charges to.
ʵṩڻѵĵ
To enter on a statement of costs or on a particularized list.
ĿдʵǼĿ¼
To advertise or schedule by public notice or as part of a program.
棺ùΪƻһƻ
To declare or describe officially; proclaim:
棺ʽͨ
a policy that was billed as an important departure for the administration.
߱ΪҪ·

Middle English bille 
йӢ bille 
from Norman French 
Դ ŵ 
from Medieval Latin billa 
Դ  billa 
alteration of bulla [seal  on a document] 
 bullaı仯 [ļϸӡ] 
from Latin [bubble] 
Դ  [] 

billable
adj.ݴʣ

bill
bill 2
AHD:[b1l] 
D.J.[b!l]
K.K.[b!l]
n.ʣ
The horny part of the jaws of a bird; a beak.
ģļӲ֣
A beaklike mouth part, such as that of a turtle.
ƿڲƵĿڲ
The visor of a cap.
ñ
Nautical The tip of the fluke of an anchor.
 ê
v.intr.ﶯʣ
billed,bill.ing,bills 
To touch beaks together.
Ӵ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bile 
Դ Ӣ bile 

bill
bill 3
AHD:[b1l] 
D.J.[b!l]
K.K.[b!l]
n.ʣ
A billhook.
ê
A halberd or similar weapon with a hooked blade and a long handle.
ꪣꪻƵһкͳ

Middle English bil 
йӢ bil 
from Old English bill 
Դ Ӣ bill 

= =
billion
bil.lion
AHD:[b1lyn] 
D.J.[6b!lj*n]
K.K.[6b!lj*n]
n.Abbr. b.ʣд b.
The cardinal number equal to 109. 
ʮڣ109 
Chiefly British The cardinal number equal to 1012. 
Ӣ 1012 
An indefinitely large number.
ȷĴ

French [a million million] 
 [ʮ] 
blend of bi- [second power] * see  bi- 1
 bi- [ڶ] *μ bi-1
million 
million

billion
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
bind
bind
AHD:[bond] 
D.J.[ba!nd]
K.K.[ba!nd]
v.ʣ
bound[bound] bind.ing,binds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tie or secure, as with a rope or cord.
ߵŪ
To fasten or wrap by encircling, as with a belt or ribbon.
ô˿Χס
To bandage:

bound up their wounds.
ǵ˿
To hold or restrain with or as if with bonds.
ӣûðϻ̶
To compel, obligate, or unite:
ǿȣǿȡǿƻʹϣ
bound by a deep sense of duty; bound by a common interest in sports.
Ϊǿҵθʹڶ˶ĹͬȤ
Law To place under legal obligation by contract or oath.
ɡ ʹΪԼԵķԼ
To make certain or irrevocable:
ʹȷ򲻱䣺
bind the deal with a down payment.
ȷΪָ
To apprentice or indenture:
ԼΪѧͽΪѧͽԼԼѧͽ
was bound out as a servant.
ԼԱ
To cause to cohere or stick together in a mass:
ʹţʹϻճһ
Bind the dry ingredients with milk and eggs.
Ѹţ̡
To enclose and fasten (a book or other printed material) between covers.
װճճΣӡˢƷģÿһҳ
To furnish with an edge or border for protection, reinforcement, or ornamentation.
ߣΪʵװεĿĶӱ
To constipate.
ʹ
To form a chemical bond with.
롭γɻѧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To tie up or fasten something.

To stick or become stuck:
ճŻճ
applied a lubricant to keep the moving parts from binding.
ʹת
To be uncomfortably tight or restricting, as clothes.
··ʹ˲ؽ
To become compact or solid; cohere.
̣ʹʵӲճŽ
To be compelling or unifying:
ϣǿȻʹһ壺
the ties that bind.
ϵ
To form a chemical bond.
γɻѧ
n.ʣ
The act of binding.

The state of being bound.
״̬
Something that binds.

A place where something binds:
ϴϵĵط
a bind halfway up the seam of the skirt.
ȹмӷĵط
Informal A difficult, restrictive, or unresolvable situation:
ʽ ѵġĻ޷
found themselves in a bind when their car broke down.
˺ǲ֪ν
Music A tie, slur, or brace.
֡ ߣԲߣ׺

bind off
To cast off in knitting.
룺֯ʱ
bind over ɡ
To hold on bail or place under bond.
ֱ֧ͣͻԱ֤鱣

Middle English binden 
йӢ binden 
from Old English bindan * see  bhendh- 
Դ Ӣ bindan *μ bhendh- 

= =
biography
bi.og.ra.phy
AHD:[bo-?gr-f?, b?-] 
D.J.[ba!6Kgr*fi8, bi8-]
K.K.[ba!6$gr*fi, bi-]
n.ʣ
 bi.og.ra.phies д biog.
An account of a person's life written, composed, or produced by another:
ǣ׫ддĳƽ£
a film biography of Adlai Stevenson; an oral biography.
ʷӰƬͷ
Biographies considered as a group, especially when regarded as a genre.
ѧһĴǣָһ
The writing, composition, or production of biographies:
дд
a career entirely devoted to biography.
Ҫ´Ǵְҵ

Late Greek biographia 
ϣ biographia 
Greek bio- [bio-] 
ϣ bio- [ǰ׺] 
Greek -graphia [-graphy] 
ϣ -graphia [ǰ׺д] 

= =
biology
bi.ol.o.gy
AHD:[bo-?l-j?] 
D.J.[ba!6Kl*d9i8]
K.K.[ba!6$l*d9i]
n.Abbr. biol.ʣд biol.
The science of life and of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. It includes botany and zoology and all their subdivisions.
ѧĿѧṹܡԴֲֲѧͶѧеķ֧
The life processes or characteristic phenomena of a group or category of living organisms:
ѧĳһ̻
the biology of viruses.
ѧ
The plant and animal life of a specific area or region.
Ⱥ䣺ĳһضеĶֲ

German Biologie 
 Biologie 
Greek bio- [bio-] 
ϣ bio- [ǰ׺ѧ] 
Greek -logia [-logy] 
ϣ -logia [ǰ׺ѧ] 

biologist
n.ʣ

= =
bird
bird
AHD:[b?rd] 
D.J.[bT8d]
K.K.[bPd]
n.ʣ
Any of the class Aves of warm-blooded, egg-laying, feathered vertebrates with forelimbs modified to form wings.
ݣһѪëļ׵ǰ֫ݱγɳ
Such an animal hunted as game.
ԵΪϷĸֶ
Such an animal, especially a chicken or turkey, used as food:
ݣݶָ𼦣ʳ
put the bird in the oven.
Ѽŵ
See  clay pigeon 
μ  clay pigeon
Sports See  shuttlecock 
˶ μ  shuttlecock
Slang A rocket, guided missile, satellite, or airplane.
ٵ ǻɻ
Slang A person, especially one who is odd or remarkable:
ٵ ˣˣָֻǷ
a sly old bird.
ϻͷ
Chiefly British A young woman.
Ӣ ĸŮ
Slang 
ٵ 
A loud sound expressing disapproval; a raspberry.
ʾ
Discharge from employment:
ͣ
lost a big sale and nearly got the bird.
˱ʴ⼸
An obscene gesture of anger, defiance, or derision made by pointing or jabbing the middle finger upward.
ƣָͱָʾӡЦ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
bird.ed,bird.ing,birds 
To observe and identify birds in their natural surroundings.
Ȼ۲ͱ
To trap, shoot, or catch birds.
׽

for the birds
Objectionable or worthless.
˲Ļõ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English brid [young bird] 
Դ Ӣ brid [] 

birding
n.ʣ

Bird
Bird
AHD:[b?rd] Larry Joe (Born 1956) 
D.J.[bT8d]
K.K.[bPrd]
NONE޴ԣ
American basketball player and coach. As a forward for the Boston Celtics (1979-1992), he helped lead the team to three world championships between 1981 and 1986 and was named 
the National Basketball Association's most valuable player three times.
ص£ǣѡֺͽʿٿ˶ǰ棨1979-1992꣩19811986ЭöλھεѡְҵNBAмֵ
Ա

= =
birth
birth
AHD:[b?rth] 
D.J.[bT8G]
K.K.[bPG]
n.ʣ
The emergence and separation of offspring from the body of the mother.
̥ĸ
The act or process of bearing young; parturition:
䣺ӵĶ̣
the mare's second birth.
ĸĵڶ̥
The circumstances or conditions relating to this event, as its time or location:
ʱĻʱ䡢ص㣺
an incident that took place before my birth; a Bostonian by birth.
ҳǰһ£ʿٳ
The set of characteristics or circumstances received from one's ancestors; inheritance:
Ŵȴµص򻷾Ŵ
strong-willed by birth; acquired their wealth through birth.
ǿ
Origin; extraction:
Ѫͳ
of Swedish birth; of humble birth.
Ѫͳ΢ĳ
Noble or high status:
λ߹λ
persons of birth.

A beginning or commencement.See Synonyms at beginning 
Դʼμ beginning
v.tr.ﶯʣ
birthed,birth.ing,births ϲ 
To deliver (a baby).
£Ӥ
To bear (a child).
ӣ

Middle English 
йӢ 
[probably of  Scandinavian origin] * see  bher- 1
[Դ˹ά] *μ bher- 1

Until recently, the use ofbirth  as a verb meaning to bear (a child) has been confined to Southern speech: Heap o' good it do a woman to birth a mess o' young uns and raise 'em 
and then have 'em all go off to oncet   (Marjorie K. Rawlings).Recently, however, the nonstandard Southern usage has coincided with widespread usage of verbs derived from nouns, 
such asparent, network,  and microwave. Birth in this new usage is most commonly found in its present participial form and is used as an adjective in the compound birthing room.  
ǰbirth ΪӣĶ÷Ϸԣ һŮһѺӣȻǶһ뿪ͥ˵кܴô  K˹
ֲ׼Ϸ÷㷺ʹʵ÷Ǻϣĸ  ΢ Birthµ÷ڷִʽںϳɴеݴ Ӥ  

= =
birthday
birth.day
AHD:[b?rthd3] 
D.J.[6bT8G7de!]
K.K.[6bPG7de]
n.ʣ
The day of one's birth.
գĳ˳
The anniversary of one's birth.
գĳ˳ڵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a birthday cake; birthday parties.
յ⣻վۻ

= =
biscuit
bis.cuit
AHD:[b1sk1t] 
D.J.[6b!sk!t]
K.K.[6b!sk!t]
n.ʣ
 bis.cuits 
A small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda.
ɣɺ濾մ򷢽ƳɵɴС
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A thin, crisp cracker.
ı
A cookie.
С
Color A pale brown.
ɫʡ ǳɫ
pl. biscuit Clay that has been fired once but not glazed.Also called  In this sense, also called bisque 2
 biscuit չεδԵճҲ  ڴҲɳ bisque2

Middle English bisquit 
йӢ bisquit 
from Old French biscuit 
Դ ŷ biscuit 
from Medieval Latin bis coctus 
Դ  bis coctus 
Latin bis [twice] * see  dwo- 
 bis [] *μ dwo- 
Latin coctus [past participle of] coquere [to cook] * see  pek w- 
 coctus  [] coquereĹȥִ [] *μ pek w- 

= =
bit
bit 1
AHD:[b1t] 
D.J.[b!t]
K.K.[b!t]
n.ʣ
A small portion, degree, or amount:
һ㣬һ飬һЩ
a bit of lint; a bit of luck.
һޣһ
A brief amount of time; a moment:
һСʱ䣻Ƭ̣
Wait a bit.
һ
A short scene or episode in a theatrical performance.
һСڣϷеС
A bit part.
Сɫ
An entertainment routine given regularly by a performer; an act.
̶ݣɱ߶ڱݵԳĿ
Informal 
ʽ 
A particular kind of action, situation, or behavior:
ΪֹһΪֹ
got tired of the macho bit.

A matter being considered:
ǵ¼
What's this bit about inflation?
ͨô?
Informal An amount equal to !/8 of a dollar:
ʽ һְ룺!/8Ԫ
two bits.
25
Chiefly British A small coin:
Ӣ СӲң
a threepenny bit.
ʿӲ

a bit
To a small degree; somewhat:
΢е㣺
a bit warm.
е
bit by bit
Little by little; gradually.
һһأ𽥵

Middle English bite [morsel] 
йӢ bite [] 
from Old English bita * see  bheid- 
Դ Ӣ bita *μ bheid- 

bit
bit 2
AHD:[b1t] 
D.J.[b!t]
K.K.[b!t]
n.ʣ
The sharp part of a tool, such as the cutting edge of a knife or ax.
УУߵķ֣絶Ƭͷи
A pointed and threaded tool for drilling and boring that is secured in a brace, bitstock, or drill press.
ͷ괲֮׵ļͷ
The part of a key that enters the lock and engages the bolt and tumblers.
Կ׳ݣԿײвʹɺ˨ӺϵĲ
The tip of the mouthpiece on a pipe or a cigarette or cigar holder.
죺̶̻ѩĶ
The metal mouthpiece of a bridle, serving to control, curb, and direct an animal.
գӣĽգڿԼͼ
Something that controls, guides, or curbs.
ơԼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bit.ted,bit.ting,bits 
To place a bit in the mouth of (a horse, for example).
Ͻӣ
To check or control with or as if with a bit.
ƣûýӿƻ
To make or grind a bit on (a key).
ԿףĥԿ׳

have the bit in one's teeth 
take the bit in one's teeth
To be uncontrollable, as a horse is when it clenches its teeth on the bit; to cast off or refuse restraint.
ѱԿƣϽӵҧŽӣͷŻ

Middle English bite 
йӢ bite 
from Old English [act of biting] * see  bheid- 
Դ Ӣ [ϽӵΪ] *μ bheid- 

bit
bit 3
AHD:[b1t] 
D.J.[b!t]
K.K.[b!t]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A single character of a language having just two characters, as either of the binary digits 0 or 1.
λأֻԵһ01еκһ
A unit of information equivalent to the choice of either of two equally likely alternatives.
λԪ൱ֻѡ֮һһϢ
A unit of information storage capacity, as of memory.
һϢ

Blend of b(inary) 
 b(inary)
(dig)it 
(dig)it

bit
bit 4
AHD:[b1t] 
D.J.[b!t]
K.K.[b!t]
v.ʣ
Past tense and a past participle of bite 
 biteĹȥʽ͹ȥִ

= =
bite
bite
AHD:[bot] 
D.J.[ba!t]
K.K.[ba!t]
v.ʣ
bit[b1t] bit.ten[b1tn]   bit bit.ing,bites 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut, grip, or tear with or as if with the teeth.
ҧ˺ҧ
To pierce the skin of with the teeth, fangs, or mouthparts.
ҧƣ˺ѣݻҧƤ
To sting with a stinger.
󧣬
To cut into with or as if with a sharp instrument:
̴ȴ̴
The sword bit straight through the wooden shield.
̴ľ
To grip, grab, or seize:
ססץס
bald treads that couldn't bite the icy road; bitten by a sudden desire to travel.
⻬Ьڽ·ϴ򻬣ͻȻβŨȤ
To eat into; corrode.
ʴʴ
To cause to sting or be painful:
ʹʹ
cold that bites the skin; a conscience bitten by remorse.
̹ǣܻں޼尾
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grip, cut into, or injure something with or as if with the teeth.
ҧҧŪ
To have a stinging effect.
ʹʹĽ
To have a sharp taste.
д̼ζ
To take or swallow bait.
Ϲץסն
To be taken in by a ploy or deception:
ϵƭԻƭ
tried to sell the Brooklyn Bridge, but no one bit.
³ţûϵ
n.ʣ
The act of biting.
ҧҧĶ
A skin wound or puncture produced by an animal's teeth or mouthparts:
˿ڣݻҧ˵Ƥϵ˿ڣ
the bite of an insect.
ҧ˿
A stinging or smarting sensation.
ʹУҴʹĸо
An incisive, penetrating quality:
̣񣺼񣬷͸Ʒʣ
the bite of satire.
̵ķ
An amount removed by or as if by an act of biting:
һڣҧһڵ
Rezoning took a bite out of the town's residential area.
·ڳסլռһСط
An amount of food taken into the mouth at one time; a mouthful.
һʳһڣһڵʳһڵ
Informal A light meal or snack.
ʽ ģһٷʳ
The act or an instance of taking bait:
ϹϹΪ
fished all day without a bite; an ad that got a few bites but no final sales.
һûϹһЩϹû
A secure grip or hold applied by a tool or machine upon a working surface.
̶ڹʹù߻ļн̶װ
The part of a tool or machine that presses against and maintains a firm hold on a working surface.
̶㣬߻Ͻѹ汣̶ֹĲ
Dentistry The angle at which the upper and lower teeth meet; occlusion.
ѧ ݵҧϣ³ݵҧҧ
The corrosive action of acid upon an etcher's metal plate.
ʴʴĽϵḯʴ
Slang An amount of money appropriated or withheld:
ٵ һǮһβȡǮ
trying to avoid the tax bite.
跨˰

bite off more than one can chew
To decide or agree to do more than one can finally accomplish.
̰ãܼͬ
bite the bulletٵ
To face a painful situation bravely and stoically.
踺أ¸侲õ
bite the dustٵ
To fall dead, especially in combat.
ȥָս
To be defeated.

To come to an end.
սᣬ
bite the hand that feeds (one)
To repay generosity or kindness with ingratitude and injury.
壺Ա˵Ŀм˺

Middle English biten 
йӢ biten 
from Old English bon * see  bheid- 
Դ Ӣ bon *μ bheid- 

bitable  
biteable
adj.ݴʣ
biter
n.ʣ

bite,champ,gnaw
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to seize and tear or grind something with the teeth: 
Щʹеĺǡץ˺ĥ 
bite into a ripe tomato;
ҧһ͸
horses champing grain;

a dog gnawing a bone. 
йͷ 

= =
bitter
bit.ter
AHD:[b1tr] 
D.J.[6b!t*]
K.K.[6b!t+]
adj.ݴʣ
bit.ter.er,bit.ter.est 
Having or being a taste that is sharp, acrid, and unpleasant.
ģд̼ԡԻ˲ζ
Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh:
Ͽģģʹģʹģɬڵģ
enveloped in bitter cold; a bitter wind.
ڴ̹ǵĺУ̹ǵķ
Difficult or distasteful to accept, admit, or bear:
ѿģܵģڽܣϻܵģ
the bitter truth; bitter sorrow.
Խܵࣻܵı
Proceeding from or exhibiting strong animosity:
ʹģʹ޵ģģ޵ģ
a bitter struggle; bitter foes.
ʹ
Resulting from or expressive of severe grief, anguish, or disappointment:
ҵģɱʹջʧģֳʹպʧģ
cried bitter tears.
ʹˮ
Marked by resentment or cynicism:
Թ޵ģڿģ
He was already a bitter elderly man with a gray face(John Dos Passos)
ѾһɫҰ׵ĳԹˡ(Լ˹˹)
adv.ʣ
In an intense or harsh way; bitterly:
ҵأأȵأʹأ
a bitter cold night.
亮ҹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bit.tered,bit.ter.ing,bit.ters 
To make bitter.
ʹ
n.ʣ
That which is bitter:
Ķ
all words . . . /Failing to give the bitter of the sweet(Tennyson)
һԡ/ܱеĿɬ(̹ɭ)
bitters A bitter, usually alcoholic liquid made with herbs or roots and used in cocktails or as a tonic.
 bitters ƣڼβƻΪɲҩɵĿζ
Chiefly British A sharp-tasting beer made with hops.
Ӣ ơƣɵζơ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  bheid- 
Դ Ӣ *μ bheid- 

bitterly
adv.ʣ
bitterness
n.ʣ

bitter,acerbic,acrid
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is unpleasantly sharp or pungent in taste or smell: 
Щݴʹеĺǡζϻζ˲ģĻ̼ġ 
a bitter cough syrup;
Ŀǽ
acerbic barberries;
Сޣ
acrid resin. 
 

= =
bizarre
bi.zarre
AHD:[b1-z?r] 
D.J.[b!6z$8]
K.K.[b!6z$r]
adj.ݴʣ
Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd.See Synonyms at fantastic 
Źֵģϲ׵ĺǣǿģŹֵĲμ fantastic

French 
 
from Spanish bizarro [brave] 
Դ  bizarro [¸ҵ] 
probably from Basque bizar [beard] 
Դ ˹ bizar [] 

bizarrely
adv.ʣ
bizarreness
n.ʣ

= =
black
black
AHD:[bl2k] д bl.,blk.
D.J.[bl#k]
K.K.[bl#k]
adj.ݴʣ
black.er,black.est 
Color Being of the color black, producing or reflecting comparatively little light and having no predominant hue.
ɫʡ ڵģɫģ伫ٹģûͻɫʵ
Having little or no light:
ڰģûйģ
a black, moonless night.
ڵģû¹ҹ
Often Black 
  Black 
Of, relating to, or belonging to a racial group having brown to black skin, especially one of African origin:
˵ģкɫɫƤֵģйغ˻ɫֵģں˻ɫֵģָԷ޵ģ
the Black population of South Africa.
Ϸǵĺ˿
Of, relating to, or belonging to an American ethnic group descended from African peoples having dark skin; African American; Afro-American:
˵ģɫƤķ˺ΪģصĻڸģ˵ģ˵ģ
When the history books are written in future generations, the historians will . . . say, There lived a great peoplea black peoplewho injected new meaning and dignity into the 
veins of civilization(Martin Luther King, Jr.)Despite the exposure, being young, gifted and Black in the corridors of power has its trying moments(Ebony)
׫дʷʱʷѧһᡭ˵йһΰ塪塪ΪѪעոµϡ(С·¡)гɹĻᣬ
ͨȨĵ·ϣΪᡢݵĺ辭ʱ̡()
Very dark in color:
ɫģɫģ
rich black soil; black, wavy hair.
ֵĺɫ
Soiled, as from soot; dirty:
ŪģúŪģģ
feet black from playing outdoors.
ڻýź
Evil; wicked:
аģģ
the pirates' black deeds.
ĶΪ
Cheerless and depressing; gloomy:
ŭģ˵ģƵģǳģ
black thoughts.
뷨
Marked by anger or sullenness:
ߵģŭģ޺޵ģ
gave me a black look.
޺޵Ƴһ
Often Black Attended with disaster; calamitous:
  Black ҵģùģѵģ
the stock market crash on Black Friday.
ɫµ
Deserving of, indicating, or incurring censure or dishonor:
ģӦãǴģ
Man . . . has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands(Rachel Carson)
࡭ںϳΪƻߣдʵļ¼֮һ(жɭ)
Wearing clothing of the darkest visual hue:
ɫ·ģ
the black knight.
ʿ
Served without milk or cream:
ɫģţ̻͵ģ
black coffee.
ڿ
Appearing to emanate from a source other than the actual point of origin. Used chiefly of intelligence operations:
ӵģԷʵԴҪָ鱨
black propaganda; black radio transmissions.
ߵ紫
Disclosed, for reasons of security, only to an extremely limited number of authorized persons; very highly classified:
ܵģΪ˰ȫԭֻмȨ֪ģ߶Ȼܵģ
black programs in the Defense Department; the Pentagon's black budget.
ĻܷǴ¥ĻԤ
Chiefly British Boycotted as part of a labor union action.
Ӣ ܵƵģΪжһֶƵ
n.ʣ
Color 
ɫʡ 
The achromatic color value of minimum lightness or maximum darkness; the color of objects that absorb nearly all light of all visible wavelengths; one extreme of the neutral gray 
series, the opposite being white. Although strictly a response to zero stimulation of the retina, the perception of black appears to depend on contrast with surrounding color stimuli.
ɫСȻ󰵶ȵɫϣռпɼйɫԻɫϵеһˣɫ෴ȻϸϺɫĤ
ݼķӦɫĸӦΧɫ̼Աȶ
A pigment or dye having this color value.
ɫϣɫȾϣֺɫ׼ϻȾ
Complete or almost complete absence of light; darkness.
ڣȫ򼸺ȫûйڰ
Clothing of the darkest hue, especially such clothing worn for mourning.
ɥڵ·ָμɥʱ·
Often Black 
  Black 
A member of a racial group having brown to black skin, especially one of African origin.
ˣɫɫֵһԱָԷ޵ĺ
An American descended from peoples of African origin having brown to black skin; an African American; an Afro-American:
ˣԷкɫɫƤֵĺˣ
Many blacks and Hispanics cannot borrow money from banks on subjective grounds(Jesse Jackson)
˺Ϊ˵ƫܴд(ܿѷ)
Something that is colored black.
ɫƷɫΪɫƷ
Games 
Ϸ 
The black-colored pieces, as in chess or checkers.
ӣеĺɫ
The player using these pieces.
ִӵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blacked,black.ing,blacks 
To make black:
Ūڣʹڣ
blacked their faces with charcoal.
ľ̿Ūǵ
To apply blacking to:
ڣĨڣ
blacked the stove.
¯
Chiefly British To boycott as part of a labor union action.
Ӣ ƣΪжļԵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become black.


black out
To lose consciousness or memory temporarily:
ειȥʱʧȥ֪䣺
blacked out at the podium.
ָ̨ε
To suppress (a fact or memory, for example) from conscious recognition:
ƣĨȥƣʵȣʹ֮ʶг֣
blacked out many of my wartime experiences.
սڼྭ
To prohibit the dissemination of, especially by censorship:
ָֹͨ
blacked out the news issuing from the rebel provinces.
ʡݷ
To extinguish or conceal all lights that might help enemy aircraft find a target during an air raid.
ԡʵеƻƣڿϮϨпܰлѰĿĵƻ
To extinguish all the lights on (a stage).
Ϩƣ̨ϣϨȫƹ
To cause a failure of electrical power in:
ͣ磺ʧȥ
Storm damage blacked out much of the region.
ϮʹΧϵ
To withhold (a televised event or program) from a broadcast area:
ֹӴ͵¼Ŀ
blacked out the football game on local stations.
طֹ̨ͣ
To withhold a televised event or program from:
ֹͣתڵת¼Ŀ
will black out the entire state to increase ticket sales for the game.
ȫתⳡƱ·

in the black
On the credit side of a ledger; prosperous.
ԣģĿдһģԣ

Middle English blak 
йӢ blak 
from Old English bl?c * see  bhel- 1
Դ Ӣ bl?c *μ bhel- 1

blackish
adj.ݴʣ
blackly
adv.ʣ
blackness
n.ʣ

Black  is often capitalized in its use to denote persons, though the lowercased formblack  is still widely used by authors of all races:  
Black ָʱд ȻСдblack Ϊҹ㷺ʹã  
Together, blacks and whites can move our country beyond racism  (Whitney Moore Young, Jr.).
 Ž˺Ͱ˿ʹǵĹҳԽ塱  СᡤĦ
Use of the capitalized form has the advantage of acknowledging the parallel with other ethnic groups and nationalities,such asItalian  and Sioux.  It can be argued thatblack  is different 
from these other terms because it was derived from an adjective rather than from a proper name.However, a precedent exists for the capitalization of adjectives used to denote specific 
groups,as in theReds  and the Whites  (of the Russian Civil War) or the Greens  (the European political party). The capitalization ofBlack  does raise ancillary problems for the treatment 
of the term white.   Orthographic evenhandedness would seem to require the use of the uppercase formWhite,  but this form might be taken to imply that whites constitute a single ethnic 
group,an issue that is certainly debatable.On the other hand, the use of the lowercase formwhite  in the same context as the uppercase form Black  will obviously raise questions as to 
how and why the writer has distinguished between the two groups.There is no entirely happy solution to this problem.In all likelihood, uncertainty as to the mode of styling ofwhite  has 
dissuaded many publications from adopting the capitalized form Black.  See Usage Note at color 
дĸĺôڶƽȹϵĳϣ  ˡ  ˿˵black ʲͬ Ϊһݴʶרɵġǣ
дݴָһǰReds  Whites սУ Greens ŷ дBlack ȷʵ˸ζԴ White һʵй⡣ ַĹҪʹ
White ĴдʽWhite ʽܱΪʾ˵壬ǻ۵⡣һ棬black дʽWhiteֵͬﾳʹ White Сдʽ
white ȻμΪʲôҪԴ⡣һĽ취White дʽĲȷԺܿѾʹﲻٲôдʽ 
Black  μ color

Black
Black
AHD:[bl2k] Hugo La Fayette (1886-1971) 
D.J.[bl#k]
K.K.[bl#k]
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1937-1971). He was noted for his ardent support of civil rights.
ˣڸҮ٣(1886-1971) ٣߷Ժ󷨹٣1937-1971꣩ԹȨֶ֧

Black
BlackSir James Whyte (Born 1924)
NONE޴ԣ
British pharmacologist. He shared a 1988 Nobel Prize for developing drugs to treat heart disease and stomach and duodenal ulcers.
ˣղķ˹أ( 1924) Ӣҩѧң俪ಡθʮָҩ1988ŵ

Black
BlackJoseph (1728-1799)
NONE޴ԣ
British chemist who rediscovered carbon dioxide (1756) and formulated the concepts of latent heat and specific heat.
ˣԼɪ(1728-1799) Ӣѧң·ֶ̼1756꣩ǱȺͱȸ

Black
BlackShirley Temple (Born 1927?)
NONE޴ԣ
American actress and public official. As Shirley Temple she was an immensely popular child actress of the 1930's, starring in films such asBright Eyes  (1934). As an adult she has held 
several diplomatic positions, including ambassador to Ghana (1974-1976). 
ˣл̹ն( 1927?) ԱԱΪͯ˲2030켫һʱݵӰ硶֮ۡ 1934꣩ε⽻ְλ
μɴʹ1974-1976꣩ 

= =
blackboard
black.board
AHD:[bl2kb?rd, -b?rd] 
D.J.[6bl#k7b%8d, -7b*&rd]
K.K.[6bl#k7b%rd, -7bord]
n.ʣ
A smooth, hard, dark-colored panel for writing on with chalk.
ڰ壺÷۱дĹ⻬Ӳʡɫİ

= =
blade
blade
AHD:[bl3d] 
D.J.[ble!d]
K.K.[bled]
n.ʣ
The flat-edged cutting part of a sharpened weapon or tool.
Уĥõ򹤾ߵĵڴиĲ
A sword.

A swordsman.

A dashing youth.

A flat, thin part or section:
ƽ򱡵ĲֻһΣ
the blade of an oar; the blade of a food processor.
ҶʳƷӹҶƬ
The metal runner of an ice skate.
Ь
A wide flat bone or bony part.
һƽĹͷǵĲ
The flat upper surface of the tongue just behind the tip.
棺ƽϲ
Botany The expanded part of a leaf or petal. The term is often loosely used to include the entire leaf of grasses and similar plants.
ֲѧ ҶƬҶӻ򻨰չ֡˴ʾϸڷָݺֲҶܳ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bl?d * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?d *μ bhel- 3

bladed
adj.ݴʣ

= =
blame
blame
AHD:[bl3m] 
D.J.[ble!m]
K.K.[blem]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blamed,blam.ing,blames 
To hold responsible.

To find fault with; censure.
ָҡĲָǴ
To place responsibility for (something):
̣ѣĳ£ιڡ
blamed the crisis on poor planning.
Σڼƻ
n.ʣ
The state of being responsible for a fault or an error; culpability.
𱸣Ǵ𣺶Թʧε״̬ӦǴΪ
Censure; condemnation.
𱸣
?
to blame
Deserving censure; at fault.
ǴӦǴģй
Being the cause or source of something:
ǣǡĳµĸԴģ
A freak storm was to blame for the power outage.
ͣһش󱩷ѩ
?
Middle English blamen 
йӢ blamen 
from Old French blasmer, blamer 
Դ ŷ blasmer, blamer 
from Vulgar Latin *blast?3re} 
Դ  *blast?3re} 
alteration of Late Latin blasph?3re} [to reproach] * see  blaspheme 
  blasph?3reı仯} [𱸣ָ] *μ blaspheme
?
blamer
n.ʣ
?
blame,fault,guilt
These nouns are compared in the sense of responsibility for an offense.
ԴӶԴеһȽЩʡ
 Blame   stresses censure or punishment for a lapse or misdeed for which one is held accountable: 
 Blame  ǿĳֿԽ͵ʧΪǴͷ 
The police laid the blame for the accident squarely on the driver's shoulders.
ذ¹ʵι˾
Fault   is culpability for causing or failing to prevent the occurrence of something detrimental: 
Fault  ָûֹĳк¼ӦеΣ 
The student failed the examination, but not through any fault of his teacher.
ѧԲ񣬵ʦĹʧ
Guilt   applies to serious, willful breaches of conduct and stresses moral culpability: 
Guilt  ءĲΪǿϵĹʧ 
The case was dismissed because the prosecution did not have sufficient evidence of the defendant's guilt. See also Synonyms at  criticize 
ӱˣΪָضԱû㹻֤ μͬ criticize

= =
blank
blank
AHD:[bl2ngk] 
D.J.[bl#0k]
K.K.[bl#0k]
adj.ݴʣ
blank.er,blank.est 
Devoid of writing, images, or marks:
հ׵ģûּͼǵģ
a blank page; a blank screen.
հ׵һҳհ׵Ļ
Containing no information; unrecorded or erased:
յģϢģûм¼ģĨȥģ
a blank tape; a blank diskette.
հ״Ŵմ
Not completed or filled in:
δдģûɻûдģ
a blank questionnaire.
δдĵʾ
Not having received final processing; unfinished:
δģδģδģ
a blank key.
Կ
Lacking expression; expressionless:
ãȻģãȻģûбģ
Although his gestures were elaborate, his face was blank(Nathanael West)See Synonyms at empty 
Ȼƺܶ࣬ޱ顣(ڶΤ˹)μ empty
Appearing or seeming to appear dazed or confused:
ģԵûƺԵãȻĻģ
greeted me with a blank stare.
ؿһۣҴк
Devoid of thought or impression:
ģ˼оĿհף
a blank mind.

Devoid of activity, interest, or distinctive character; empty:
ģȱٻȤģģ
tried to fill the blank hours of the day.
Ŭĵһ
Absolute; complete:
Եģȫģ
a blank refusal.
Ȼܾ
n.ʣ
An empty space or place; a void:
հףյأյĿռص㣻հף
During the exam my mind was a blank.
ԵʱҵһƬհ
An empty space on a document to be filled in.
մļдĿհ״
A document with one or more such spaces.
հױпհ״ļ
A manufactured article of a standard shape or form that is ready for final processing, as by stamping or cutting:
ͳһֻһ»иȹ
a key blank.
Կԭ
A blank cartridge.
հ
Something worthless, such as a losing lottery ticket.
õĶδнĽƱ
A mark, usually a dash (), indicating the omission of a word or of a letter or letters.
ʡԷţһǣͨΪۺţָһʻĸʡ
The white circle in the center of a target; a bull's eye.
ģĵİ׵㣻
v.ʣ
blanked,blank.ing,blanks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove, as from view; obliterate:
ʧƿʧ
At times the strong glare of the sun blanked it from sight(Richard Wright)
ʱ̫ǿʹʧ(¡)
To block access to:
סͨ·ͨĵ·
blank off a subway tunnel.
ס
Sports To prevent (an opponent) from scoring.
˶ ֹ֣÷
To punch or stamp from flat stock, especially with a die.
ףӡƽģߴ򶴻ӡģָģӡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become abstracted:
ʹģĲɣ
My mind blanked out for a few seconds.
ҵһ
To fade away:
ʧ
The music gradually blanked out.
ʧ
?
Middle English [white, having spaces to be filled in] 
йӢ [ɫģĿհ״] 
from Old French blanc [white] 
Դ ŷ blanc [ɫ] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhel- 1
[Դն] *μ bhel- 1
?
blankly
adv.ʣ
blankness
n.ʣ

= =
blanket
blan.ket
AHD:[bl2ngk1t] 
D.J.[6bl#0k!t]
K.K.[6bl#0k!t]
n.ʣ
A large piece of woven material used as a covering for warmth, especially on a bed.
ë̺ëȡůһ鸲ָڴ
A layer that covers or encloses:
ǻһ㣺
a thick blanket of snow.
һѩ
adj.ݴʣ
Applying to or covering all conditions or instances:
Ļһӵģ
a blanket insurance policy.
յ
Applying to or covering all members of a class:
һײȫԱģ
blanket sanctions against human-rights violators.
ַȨߵеƲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blan.ket.ed,blan.ket.ing,blan.kets 
To cover with or as if with a blanket:
û̺ӣǣ
leaves that blanket the ground.
ҶӸ˵
To cover so as to inhibit, suppress, or extinguish:
ǣơѹƻ
blanketed the grease fire with sand.
ɳͻ
To apply to generally and uniformly without exception:
ձúͺ⣺
high telephone service charges that blanketed our region.
ǵձõĵ绰շ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [an unbleached soft cloth] 
Դ ŷ [һδƯ׵Ĳ] 
from blanc [white] 
Դ blanc [׵] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhel- 1
[Դն] *μ bhel- 1

= =
blast
blast
AHD:[bl2st] 
D.J.[bl#st]
K.K.[bl#st]
n.ʣ
A very strong gust of wind or air.
ǿ磺һͻȻǿ
The effect of such a gust.
ǿЧ
A forcible stream of air, gas, or steam from an opening, especially one in a blast furnace to aid combustion.
磬ͷ磺ӳڣǴȼķ¯ĳڳĿ
A sudden loud sound, especially one produced by a stream of forced air:
죺һ죬ָһܼѹĿ
a piercing blast from the steam whistle.
ѷ
The act of producing such a sound:
죺Ķ
gave a blast on his trumpet.
ȷ
A violent explosion, as of dynamite or a bomb.
ըըըҩըıը˻
The violent effect of such an explosion, consisting of a wave of increased atmospheric pressure followed immediately by a wave of decreased pressure.
𶯣ըǿЧһɱߵѹһɵѹ
An explosive charge.
ըըҩ
Botany Any of several plant diseases of diverse causes, resulting in sudden death of buds, flowers, foliage, or young fruits.
ֲѧ ήһɲͬԭֲＲᵼѿҶδʵͻȻ
A destructive or damaging influence.
𣺻ٻԻƻӰ
A powerful hit, blow, or shot.
һһһ
A violent verbal assault or outburst:
ڵҵĿͷб
The candidate leveled a blast at her opponent.
ѡĶַͷ
Slang A highly exciting or pleasurable experience or event, such as a big party.
ٵ ľۻᣬ񻶻᣺˼˷ܻľ¼־ۻ
v.ʣ
blast.ed,blast.ing,blasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To knock down or shatter by or as if by explosion; smash.
٣ͨը󾭹ըһ٣ݻ
To play or sound loudly:
죺
The referees blasted their whistles.
и
To hit with great force:
ײ
The batter blasted the ball to right field.
ֻӳһҰ
To kill or destroy by hitting or shooting.
ݻ٣ײ
To have a harmful or destructive effect on.
𻵣ԡ˺ƻ
To cause to shrivel, wither, or mature imperfectly by or as if by blast or blight:
ήʹήήɿήɿή£
crops that were blasted by frost.
˪ׯ
To make or open by or as if by explosion:
ըûƺըҩը
blast a tunnel through the mountains.
ɽըһ
To criticize or attack vigorously.
ҹҹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use or detonate explosives.
ըʹըҩըҩը
To emit a loud, intense sound; blare:
У죻У
speakers blasting at full volume.
ݽ߳ź˵
To wither or shrivel or mature imperfectly.
ήήή
To criticize or attack with vigor.
ҹ
To shoot.

Electronics To distort sound recording or transmission by overloading a microphone or loudspeaker.
ѧ ʧ棺˷عضʹ¼ʧ
?
blast off
To take off, as a rocket.
䣺䣬ķ
?
full blast
At full speed, volume, or capacity:
޶ȣȫ٣
turned the radio up full blast; played the stereo at full blast.
š쿪
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bl?t * see  bhl?- 
Դ Ӣ bl?t *μ bhl?- 
?
blaster
n.ʣ
?
blast,blight,dash,nip,wreck
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to have a pernicious, destructive, or ruinous effect on something: 
ЩʹеĺΪĳкģƻԵĻٻԵá 
prospects for peace blasted;
ƽǰˣ
blighted hopes;
ϣ
dashed ambitions;
յı
plans that were nipped in the bud;
ļƻ
a wrecked life. 
ٵ 

= =
blaze
blaze 1
AHD:[bl3z] 
D.J.[ble!z]
K.K.[blez]
n.ʣ
A brilliant burst of fire; a flame.
⣺һ𣻻
A destructive fire.
֣ٻԵĴ
A bright or steady light or glare:
ǿ⣺Ĺ߻ҫ
the blaze of the desert sun.
ɳĮǿҵ
A brilliant, striking display:
ʣԻҫ۵չʾ
flowers that were a blaze of color.
ɫ޵Ļ
A sudden outburst, as of emotion:
ŷȵͻȻŷ
a blaze of anger.
Ȼŭ
blazes Used as an intensive:
 blazes ǿʣ
Where in blazes are my keys?
ҵԿ׵Ķ?
v.ʣ
blazed,blaz.ing,blaz.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To burn with a bright flame.
ȼգȼ
To shine brightly.
ҫҫ
To be resplendent:
Ѥʣ
a garden blazing with flowers.
ʢĻ԰
To flare up suddenly:
ͻȻ
My neighbor's temper blazed.
ҵھͻȻŭ
To shoot rapidly and continuously:
ٶط䣺
Machine guns blazed.
ǹɨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shine or be resplendent with:
ҫӳգ
eyes that blazed hatred.
۾޵Ĺ
?
Middle English blase 
йӢ blase 
from Old English bl?se * see  bhel- 1
Դ Ӣ bl?se *μ bhel- 1
?
blazingly
adv.ʣ
?
blaze,flame,flare,flash,glare,incandescence,glow
These nouns denote bright light, especially when it is a visible sign of combustion.
ЩָǿҵĹ⣬ָȼʱĿɼźš
 Blaze   stresses intensity of burning and implies brilliance of illumination: 
 Blaze  ǿȼǿȲʾĹԣ 
We warmed our hands near the blaze of the campfire.
Ļů֡
Flame   pertains to a jet or tongue of fire: 
Flame  ָһһࣺ 
The paper burned with a yellow and blue flame and then disintegrated.
ֽһɫĻɣȻ󻯳˻ҡ
Flare   applies to a dazzling but unsteady burst of light: 
Flare  ָҫ۵ȶĹ⣺ 
Flares of brilliant red shot up from the smokestack.
̴ðҫ۵ĺ⡣
Flash   denotes a sudden momentary burst: 
Flash  ָͻ˲ı 
The flash of strobe lights and the insistent beat of the music made the disco a favorite gathering place for young people.
ƵƵֲϵûʹ˹Ϊϲľۼء
Glare   emphasizes intensely and often intolerably bright light: 
Glare  ǿǿҡܵǿ⣺ 
The glare of the oncoming headlights temporarily blinded me.
ӭ泵ƴ۵Ĺյ˲ʲôҲ
Incandescence   suggests the brilliance of something white-hot: 
Incandescence  ָȵ⣺ 
When heated to incandescence in the furnace of stars, each element marks the spectrum of light it emits with a characteristic set of lines  (Malcolm W. Browne).
 ڶ״ɵ¯бȵȳ̶ʱÿһԪضеһʾųĹס  ķW.ʣ 
 Glow   stresses light in the absence of visible flame; it particularly suggests steadiness of radiation without intense brilliance: 
 Glow  ǿһ⣬䰵ʾǿµķȶԣ 
When the electric stove is turned on, the burners give off a red glow. 
¯һȼ¯ľͷȵĺ⡣ 
?
blaze
blaze 2
AHD:[bl3z] 
D.J.[ble!z]
K.K.[blez]
n.ʣ
A white or light-colored spot on the face of an animal, such as a horse.
װߣϣϰɫǳɫİ
A mark cut or painted on a tree to indicate a trail.
ϿͿָʾ·ĺۼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blazed,blaz.ing,blaz.es 
To mark (a tree) with or as if with blazes.
ڻڣϣ̺
To indicate (a trail) by marking trees with blazes.
Ͽָ̺ʾ·
?
[Of Germanic origin] 
[Դڵ] 
?
blaze
blaze 3
AHD:[bl3z] 
D.J.[ble!z]
K.K.[blez]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blazed,blaz.ing,blaz.es 
To make known publicly; proclaim:

Headlines blazed the news.

?
Middle English blasen 
йӢ blasen 
from Middle Dutch bl3n [to blow up, swell] * see  bhl?- 
Դ йź bl3n [Ŵ] *μ bhl?- 

= =
bleak
bleak 1
AHD:[bl?k] 
D.J.[bli8k]
K.K.[blik]
adj.ݴʣ
bleak.er,bleak.est 
Gloomy and somber; dreary:
ĺͻ谵ģģ
Life in the Aran Islands has always been bleak and difficult(John Millington Synge)
Ⱥһֱ಻ġ(Լֶ١)
Providing no encouragement; depressing:
ûָģʹ˾ɥģ
a bleak prospect.
ǰ
Cold and cutting; raw:
ʹ̹ǵģģ
bleak winds of the North Atlantic.

Exposed to the elements; unsheltered and barren:
ڱεģ紵ĺͻģ
the bleak, treeless regions of the high Andes.
˹ɽĵ
?
Middle English bleik [pale] 
йӢ bleik [Ұ] 
from Old Norse bleikr [white] * see  bhel- 1
Դ ˹ά bleikr [] *μ bhel- 1
?
bleakly
adv.ʣ
bleakness
n.ʣ
?
bleak
bleak 2
AHD:[bl?k] 
D.J.[bli8k]
K.K.[blik]
n.ʣ
 bleak  bleaks  
A small European freshwater fish of the genusAlburnus  that is related to the carp and has silvery scales used in the manufacture of artificial pearls. 
ŷN㣺һСŷN ŷ޵ˮ㣬ͬйأɫƬ 
?
Middle English bleke 
йӢ bleke 
probably alteration  influenced by bleke [pale] * see  bleak 1
Ϊ   blekeӰ [Ұ] *μ bleak1
of *blay 
 *blayı仯 
from Old English bl?e 
Դ Ӣ bl?e 

= =
bleed
bleed
AHD:[bl?d] 
D.J.[bli8d]
K.K.[blid]
v.ʣ
bled[bld] bleed.ing,bleeds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emit or lose blood.
ѪѪ
To be wounded, especially in battle.
ˣˣָս
To feel sympathetic grief or anguish:
ͬʹееı˻ʹࣺ
My heart bleeds for the victims of the air crash.
Ϊɻʧµ߸еʹ
To exude a fluid such as sap.
Һ壬ֲҺ֭
To pay out money, especially an exorbitant amount.
եȡ֧ǮָĿǮ
To run together or be diffused, as dyes in wet cloth.
ɢɢʪϵȾ
To undergo or be subject to such a diffusion of color:
͸ɫɫɫ
The madras skirt bled when it was first washed.
ȹڵһϴɫ
To show through a layer of paint, as a stain or resin in wood.
ɫͨһͿʾʾϵɫ߻֬
To be printed so as to go off the edge or edges of a page after trimming.
Ѫ棺ӡɳѪ棬ʹ޼󳬳ҳı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take or remove blood from.
ѪѪʹѪӡѪ
To extract sap or juice from.
Һ֭ӡг֭ҺҺ֭
To draw liquid or gaseous contents from; drain.
ʹʹųӡгҺ壻ų
To draw off (liquid or gaseous matter) from a container.
ȡгҺ壩
To obtain money from, especially by improper means.
եȡӡȡǮƣֶָͨեȡǮ
To drain of all valuable resources:
ľľԴ
Politicians . . . never stop inventing illicit enterprises of government that bleed the national economy(David A. Stockman)
ǡδֹͣΥҵեȡҵľԴ(άA.˹п)
To cause (an illustration, for example) to bleed.
ʹͼȣӡɳѪ
To trim (a page, for example) so closely as to mutilate the printed or illustrative matter.
ֽҳвãֽҳȣȥӡˢͼ
n.ʣ
Illustrative matter that bleeds.
ѪͼƬ
A page trimmed so as to bleed.
õҳΣвӡɳѪֽҳ
The part of the page that is trimmed off.
õֽҳֽҳвõĲ
?
Middle English bleden 
йӢ bleden 
from Old English bl?n 
Դ Ӣ bl?n 
from bl?d [blood] * see  bhel- 3
Դ bl?d [Ѫ] *μ bhel- 3
?
It seems only common sense thatbleed  should be related to blood,  but one needs some knowledge of historical linguistics to understand the relationship fully.In prehistoric Common 
Germanic, the hypothetical predecessor of Germanic languages such as English, German, and Swedish,the word.bl?,  blood, the ancestor of our word blood,  is assumed to have 
existed. From this noun was derived the verb.bl?,  to bleed. A change of sound then came into play in Old English, that is, thej,  pronounced like the y  in your,   caused the vowel?,  
pronounced as in go,  to become pronounced like the ?  in German sch?n.   Later in Old English this?}  changed to ?,  pronounced like the a  in labor,   eventually becoming like thee  in 
bee  by 1500. By this change, as well as others,.bl?n  became Modern English bleed.  
ݳʶbleed Ӧú blood ϵһ ҪȫֹϵӦ߱һЩʷѧ֪ʶʷǰնͬնԣӢļǰ
Уʹõĵblood Դ blodha- ΪѪΪѾˡ һblodhjan ΪѪ ĸıڹӢУj  your 
е y ƣ go еԪ ?}  schon е ?   ڹӢ?} Ϊ ?  labor е a  1500ǰbee е e  ֱͨ仯Լ仯
blodhjan ΪִӢ bleed  

= =
blend
blend
AHD:[blnd] 
D.J.[blend]
K.K.[blWnd]
v.ʣ
blend.ed  blent [blnt] blend.ing,blends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To combine or mix so that the constituent parts are indistinguishable from one another:
ϣϻʹɲֱַ治˴ˣ
He has no difficulty blending his two writing careers: novels and films(Charles E. Claffey)
ѵذдרҵС˵͵Ӱһ(˹E.)
To combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character, quality, or consistency:
ѡһ𣺻ϣ򼶱Իضص㡢ŨȵĻ
blend tobaccos.
˿
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a uniform mixture; intermingle:
ӣγһµĻϣ
The smoke blended easily into the odor of the other fumes(Norman Mailer)
̺ܿȼϵζ(ŵ÷)
To become merged into one; unite.
ϣϣΪһ
To create a harmonious effect or result:
䣬ƣһֺгЧ
picked a tie that blended with the jacket.See Synonyms at mix 
һͼпμ mix
n.ʣ
The act of blending.
ϣϵĶ
Something, such as an effect or a product, that is created by blending:
϶Ч
His face shows, as he stares at the fire, a blend of fastidiousness and intransigence(John Fowles)See Synonyms at mixture 
Ż棬Գ޺ͲЭĻϱ顣(Լ˹)μ mixture
Linguistics A word produced by combining parts of other words, assmog  from smoke  and fog.  
ѧ ϳɴʣʵĳֶ´ʣsmog  smoke  fog  
?
Middle English blenden 
йӢ blenden 
probably from Old Norse blanda  blend- * see  bhel- 1
Դ ˹ά blanda  blend- *μ bhel- 1

= =
bless
bless
AHD:[bls] 
D.J.[bles]
K.K.[blWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blessed  blest [blst] bless.ing,bless.es 
To make holy by religious rite; sanctify.
ʹʥڽʽʹʥʹʥ
To make the sign of the cross over so as to sanctify.
ԡʮ֣ǰʮʾϴ
To invoke divine favor upon.
Ϊ͸
To honor as holy; glorify:

Bless the Lord.
л
To confer well-being or prosperity on.
ӣ͸븻л
To endow, as with talent.
裺裬
?
Middle English blessen 
йӢ blessen 
from Old English bl?n [to consecrate] * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?n [׼] *μ bhel- 3
?
blesser
n.ʣ

= =
blind
blind
AHD:[blond] 
D.J.[bla!nd]
K.K.[bla!nd]
adj.ݴʣ
blind.er,blind.est 
Sightless.

Having a maximal visual acuity of the better eye, after correction by refractive lenses, of one-tenth normal vision or less (20/200 or less on the Snellen test).
ϹģʧģͨжΪ1/101/10ģ˹ײ20/200)
Of, relating to, or for sightless persons.
ä˵ģä˵ģйä˵ĻΪä˵
Performed or made without the benefit of background information that might prejudice the outcome or result:
֪ģûܹʹƫı֪ʶ½еĻģ
blind taste tests used in marketing studies.
гȺ֪Ŀζ
Performed without preparation, experience, or knowledge:
äĿģû׼֪ʶ½еģ
made a blind stab at answering the question.
äĿش
Performed by instruments and without the use of sight:
ģ
blind navigation.
˼ʻ
Unable or unwilling to perceive or understand:
ӶģܻԸȥģ
blind to a lover's faults.
˵ĴӶ
Not based on reason or evidence; unquestioning:
äĿģʵģǻ֤ݵĻϵģʵģ
put blind faith in their leaders.
ǵäĿ
Slang Drunk.
ٵ 
Independent of human control:
޷ƵģΪĵģ
blind fate.

Difficult to comprehend or see; illegible.
ģģϵ
Incompletely or illegibly addressed:
ַģַȫԱϵģ
blind mail.
ַʼ
Hidden from sight:
εģסģ
a blind seam.

Screened from the view of oncoming motorists:
ģܿӭļʻԱߵģ
a blind driveway.
εĳ
Secret or otherwise undisclosed:
ܵģεģ
a blind item in a military budget.
Ԥܵһ
Closed at one end:
ģһ˲ͨģ
a blind socket; a blind passage.
Ŀף·
Having no opening:
ûпڵģ
a blind wall.
ŵǽ
Botany Failing to produce flowers or fruits:
ֲѧ 򲻽ģ
a blind bud.
ѿ
n.ʣ
Something, such as a window shade or a Venetian blind, that hinders vision or shuts out light.
ڹ細Ҷڵ߻ס
A shelter for concealing hunters, especially duck hunters.
ˣָѼ˵Ĳδ
Something intended to conceal the true nature, especially of an activity; a subterfuge.
ƣͼڸǱʣָĳʵʵƻӱֶ
adv.ʣ
Without seeing; blindly.
أäĿ
Without the aid of visual reference:
äĿأûӾأ
flew blind through the fog.
äĿط
Without forethought or provision; unawares:
֪أûû׼õأ䲻أ
entered into the scheme blind.
֪
Informal Into a stupor:
ʽ ʡµأ
drank themselves blind.
Ǻȵ
Used as an intensive:
ڼǿ
Thieves in the bazaar robbed us blind.
ϵС͵ϴǵǮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blind.ed,blind.ing,blinds 
To deprive of sight:
ʹʧ
was blinded in an industrial accident.
һιҵ¹ʧ
To dazzle:
ʹѣ
skiers temporarily blinded by sunlight on snow.
ѩʱѩյͷĿѣ
To deprive of perception or insight:
ȱ۹⣺ʹʧȥ۹򶴲
prejudice that blinded them to the merits of the proposal.
ƫԼƻŵӶ
To withhold light from:
סߣӡ赲ߣ
Thick shrubs blinded our downstairs windows.
ŨܵĹľڱ¥µĴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  bhel- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ bhel- 1
?
blindingly
adv.ʣ
blindly
adv.ʣ
blindness
n.ʣ

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block
block
AHD:[bl?k] 
D.J.[blKk]
K.K.[bl$k]
n.Abbr. blk.ʣд blk.
A solid piece of a hard substance, such as wood, having one or more flat sides.
Ӳ飺һƽļӲĹ飬ľ
Such a piece used as a construction member or as a support.
ģ֧ڽ֧ŵĿ
Such a piece upon which chopping or cutting is done:
壺жõƽ̨
a butcher's block.
ⷷ
Such a piece upon which persons are beheaded.
ͷ̨նʱԷͷ֮ľ
A small wooden or plastic cube used as a building toy:
ľߵľƻƵС飺
a set of blocks.
һľ
Printing A large amount of text.
ӡˢ ӡ棬ģͬİ汾
Sports A starting block.
˶ ̨
A stand from which articles are displayed and sold at an auction:
̨չʾƷ̨ӣ
Many priceless antiques went on the block.
ֵǵĹŶ̨
A mold or form on which an item is shaped or displayed:
鸣ģκչʾģߣ
a hat block.
ñ
A substance, such as wood or stone, that has been prepared for engraving.
ľϣʯϣõĲϣľͷʯ
A pulley or a system of pulleys set in a casing.
֣飺װڻееĻֻ
An engine block.
ȼģ
A bloc.

A set of like items, such as shares of stock, sold or handled as a unit.
һ飬һΪһۻһƷƱ
A group of four or more unseparated postage stamps forming a rectangle.
ķһŻϳʳεƱ
Canadian A group of townships in an unsurveyed area.
ô δе
A usually rectangular section of a city or town bounded on each side by consecutive streets.
Ľֵߵĳʳεĵض
A segment of a street bounded by consecutive cross streets and including its buildings and inhabitants.
ֶΣɽ·ڽ綨һν֣·ߵĽ;
A large building divided into separate units, such as apartments.
¥ָ൥ԪĴã繫Ԣ¥
A length of railroad track controlled by signals.
źƵ
The act of obstructing.
谭谭Ϊ
Something that obstructs; an obstacle.
ϰ
Sports An act of bodily obstruction, as of a player or ball.
˶ 赲˶Ա赲
Football Legal interference with an opposing player to clear the path of the ball carrier.
 赲ŶԷԱΪ߿ĺϺ涨ֹ
Medicine Interruption, especially obstruction, of a normal physiological function:
ҽѧ ͣܵжϣָ
nerve block.
񾭴
Psychology Sudden cessation of speech or a thought process without an immediate observable cause, sometimes considered a consequence of repression.
ѧ жϣ˵˼ʶͻȻжϣǸѹֵĽ
Slang The human head:
ٵ Դ
threatened to knock my block off.
вҪҵԴ
A blockhead.
ɵϡ
v.ʣ
blocked,block.ing,blocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shape into a block or blocks.
ģ
To support, strengthen, or retain in place by means of a block.
֧ţǿ֣ľϺʯϵ֧šǿ򱣳
To shape, mold, or form with or on a block:
죬죬죺ģģ졢죺
block a hat.
ññ
To stop or impede the passage of or movement through; obstruct:
ֹԽƶ谭
block traffic.
ͨ
To shut out from view:
סߣ
a curtain blocking the stage.
һס̨Ļ
To indicate broadly without great detail; sketch:
ⶨҪϸϸڵشҪ
block out a plan of action.
ⶨж
Sports To impede the movement of (an opponent or the ball) by physical interference.
˶ 赲ֻƶ
Medicine To interrupt the proper functioning of (a nervous, muscular, or other physiological process), especially by the use of anesthesia.
ҽѧ жϣ񾭡̵ģܣָҩʹ
Psychology To fail to remember.
ѧ ʧȥ
To run (trains) on a block system.
ñƹг
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Sports To obstruct the movement of an opponent.
˶ 赲谭ԷԱܶ
?
out of the blocks
From a starting position, as in a race or contest:
ʼ㿪ʼ
The company has in the past been slow out of the blocks to adapt to consumer tastes.
˾һʼӦ˹˿͵Ŀζ
?
Middle English blok 
йӢ blok 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
blocker
n.ʣ
?
block,hide,obscure,obstruct,screen,shroud
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cut off from sight: 
ЩʶСϣϡ˼ 
trees that block the view;
סߣ
a road hidden by brush;
ľסĵ·
mist that obscures the mountain peak;
ס˷嶥Ĵ
skyscrapers obstructing the sky;
סյĦ¥
a fence that screens the alley;
ͬʣ
a face shrouded by a heavy veil. See also Synonyms at  hinder 1obstacle 
úɴס μͬ hinder1obstacle
?
Block
Block
AHD:[bl?k] Herbert Lawrence  Known as Herblock.(Born 1909) 
D.J.[blKk]
K.K.[bl$k]
NONE޴ԣ
American editorial cartoonist whose witty works have appeared in theWashington Post  and more than 200 other papers nationwide. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1942 and in 1954. 
ˣղء˹( 1909) ͨƬߣƷʢʱ 鲼ȫ200ұֽ19421954߽ 

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blood
blood
AHD:[bl?d] 
D.J.[blJd]
K.K.[blJd]
n.Abbr. bld.ʣд bld.
The fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials 
away from all body tissues.
ѪҺѪѪϸѪСɵҺ壬ڼ׵ѪϵͳѭѪҺɽӪ͵ȫϸ֯Уŷ
A functionally similar fluid in animals other than vertebrates.
Һ׵ڹ൱ѪҺҺ
The juice or sap of certain plants.
֭ҺĳЩֲ֭Һ
A vital or animating force; lifeblood.
ԴȪ
Bloodshed; murder.
ɱıɱ
Temperament or disposition:
飬Ƣ
a person of hot blood and fiery temper.
ŭƢ
Descent from a common ancestor; parental lineage.
Ѫͳ壺ԴͬһڣĸѪͳ
Family relationship; kinship.
ϵϵ
Descent from noble or royal lineage:
ѪͳѪͳ
a princess of the blood.

Recorded descent from purebred stock.
֣мصĴֳ
National or racial ancestry.
壬
A dandy.

Slang A youth who is a member of a city gang.
ٵ ɣвμӰɵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a blood transfusion; a Red Cross blood drive.
ѪʮѪ˶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
blood.ed,blood.ing,bloods 
To give (a hunting dog) its first taste of blood.
ʹԹѪζ
To subject (troops) to experience under fire:
ãӣս飺
The measure of an army is not known until it has been blooded(Tom Clancy)
ǷҪսſ֪(ķ)
?
in cold blood
Deliberately, coldly, and dispassionately.
أ䵭أȱ
?
Middle English blod 
йӢ blod 
from Old English bl?d * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?d *μ bhel- 3
?
Blood
Blood
AHD:[bl?d] 
D.J.[blJd]
K.K.[blJd]
n.ʣ
 Blood  Bloods  
A tribe of the Blackfoot confederacy inhabiting southern Alberta.
壺ǲסĺڽһ֧
A member of this tribe.


= =
bloom
bloom 1
AHD:[bl?m] 
D.J.[blu8m]
K.K.[blum]
n.ʣ
The flower of a plant.
ֲ￪Ļ
Something resembling the flower of a plant:
ֲĻ
Her hair was caught all to one side in a great bloom of frizz(Anne Tyler)
ͷһߣһĻ(ݡ̩)
The condition of being in flower:
ڣ״̬
a rose in full bloom.
õ廨ʢ
A condition or time of vigor, freshness, and beauty; prime:
ʢڣʢ޺״̬ʱڣȫʢڣ
the radiant bloom of Greek genius(Edith Hamilton)
ϣԲõȫʢʱڡ(˿ܶ)
A fresh, rosy complexion:
£ɫ
She was short, plump, and fair, with a fine bloom(Jane Austen)
ĽСƤ𪣬պ(򡤰˹͡)
A waxy or powdery whitish to bluish coating sometimes occurring on the surface of plant parts, such as on the fruits of certain plums.
˪£ɫĩͿһӵֲ
A similar coating, as on newly minted coins.
ͿĨ˪ƵͿĨͿĨǮ
Chemistry See  efflorescence 
ѧ μ  efflorescence 
Glare that is caused by a shiny object reflecting too much light into a television camera.
۵⣺巴䵽ϵǿ⵼µ
A visible, colored area on the surface of bodies of water caused by excessive planktonic growth.
ˮڸˮɫĵض
v.ʣ
bloomed,bloom.ing,blooms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bear a flower or flowers.
򳤳
To support plant life in abundance:
ʹïʢʹֲﷱʢ
rains that made the yard bloom.
ˮʹͥԺеֲﳤ÷ʢ
To shine; glow.
⣻
To grow or flourish with youth and vigor.
лͻ׳ɳ
To appear or expand suddenly:
֣ͻȻֻͣ
White vapor bloomed from the side of the rocket's fuel tank.
̵ŨͻȻӻȼԴܳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to flourish.
ʹï
Obsolete To cause to flower.
 ʹ
?
Middle English blom 
йӢ blom 
from Old Norse bl?m * see  bhel- 3
Դ ˹ά bl?m *μ bhel- 3
?
bloomy
adj.ݴʣ
?
bloom,blossom,efflorescence,florescence,flower,flush,prime
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a condition or time of greatest vigor and freshness: 
Щʶеĺ˼ǣͳȫʢʱڡ 
beauty in its full bloom;
ഺʱ
classical sculpture in its blossom;
ȫʢʱڵĹŵƷ
 the efflorescence of humanitarianism;
˵ȫʢڣ
the florescence of baroque music;
ֵĲʢڣ
in the flower of her womanhood;
ĳڣ
in the flush of his popularity;
ʢʱڣ
the prime of life. 
׳ 
?
bloom
bloom 2
AHD:[bl?m] 
D.J.[blu8m]
K.K.[blum]
n.ʣ
A bar of steel prepared for rolling.
֣ƽһθֲ
A mass of wrought iron ready for further working.
飺׼һӹ
?
Middle English blome [lump of metal] 
йӢ blome [飬] 
from Old English bl?a * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?a *μ bhel- 3
?
Bloom
Bloom
AHD:[bl?m] Harold (Born 1930) 
D.J.[blu8m]
K.K.[blum]
NONE޴ԣ
American literary theorist and scholar whose works includeThe Anxiety of Influence  (1972). 
¬ķ޵£ѧۼҺѧߣƷӰĽǡ 1972꣩ 

= =
blossom
blos.som
AHD:[bl?sm] 
D.J.[6blKs*m]
K.K.[6bl$s*m]
n.ʣ
A flower or cluster of flowers.

The condition or time of flowering:
ڣ״̬ʱڣ
peach trees in blossom.
һ
A period or condition of maximum development.See Synonyms at bloom 1
ȫʢڣѸͷչʱڲμ bloom1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
blos.somed,blos.som.ing,blos.soms 
To come into flower; bloom.
ʢ
To develop; flourish:
ɳ٣
The child blossomed into a beauty.
ŮΪһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bl?m * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?m *μ bhel- 3
?
blossomy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
blow
blow 1
AHD:[bl?] 
D.J.[bl*&]
K.K.[blo]
v.ʣ
blew[bl?] blown[bl?n] blow.ing,blows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in a state of motion. Used of the air or of wind.
Σƶ״̬ƶ
To move along or be carried by or as if by the wind:
Ʈ紵䣺
Her hat blew away.
ñӱ
To expel a current of air, as from the mouth or from a bellows.
ķ磺
To produce a sound by expelling a current of air, as in sounding a wind instrument or a whistle.
УУų
To breathe hard; pant.
Ϣ
To storm:
籩
It blew all night.
һҹڹδ
To melt or otherwise become disabled. Used of a fuse.
նϣ۶϶޷ʹáָ˿
To burst suddenly:
ѣͻȻը
The tire blew.
̥ͻȻ̥
To spout moist air from the blowhole. Used of a whale.
ˮˮʪĿָ
Informal To boast.
ʽ ţԿ
Slang To go away; depart.
ٵ ߵ뿪
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move by means of a current of air.
ƶƮ
To expel (air) from the mouth.
ÿڴ
To cause air to be expelled suddenly from:
ʹըʹͻȻų
blew a tire.
̥
To drive a current of air on, in, or through:
磬ɣʹϷ룬ͨ
blew my hair dry after I shampooed it.
ϴͷ
To clear out or make free of obstruction by forcing air through:
ߩͨϰ
constantly blowing his nose in allergy season.
ڹļڲϵߩı
To shape or form (glass, for example) by forcing air or gas through at the end of a pipe.
ƣͨܶעͣ粣
Music 
֡ 
To cause (a wind instrument) to sound.
ʹ
To sound:
ࣺ
a bugle blowing taps.
ʹŷ
To cause to be out of breath.
ʹʹ
To allow (a winded horse) to regain its breath.
ãͣЪ
To demolish by the force of an explosion:
ը٣ͨըƻ
An artillery shell blew our headquarters apart.
ڻըǵָӲ
To lay or deposit eggs in. Used of certain insects.
ѣѻѡָĳЩ
To melt or otherwise disable (a fuse).
˿۶ϻ
Slang 
ٵ 
To spend (money) freely and rashly.See Synonyms at waste 
һǮӻμ waste
To spend money freely on; treat:
߶ѣ
blew me to a sumptuous dinner.
ҳһٺ
Vulgar Slang To perform fellatio on.
 ٵ ڽ
Slang To spoil or lose through ineptitude.See Synonyms at botch 
ٵ ܶ»μ botch
To cause (a covert intelligence operation or operative) to be revealed and thereby jeopardized:
йܶΣգ¶жԱʹվ
a story in the press that blew their cover; an agent who was blown by the opposition.
ʹԭα¶űԷʶƵļ
Slang To depart (a place) in a great hurry:
ٵ æ뿪һط
Let's blow this city no later than noon.
֮ǰ뿪а
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of blowing.
Ϊ
A blast of air or wind.
磬һ
A storm.
籩
Informal An act of bragging.
ʽ ԴޣԿ
Slang Cocaine.
ٵ ɿ
?
blow away ٵ
To kill by shooting, especially with a firearm.
ûǹɱ
To affect intensely; overwhelm:
ǿӰ죻
That concert blew me away.
ֻ
blow in ٵ
To arrive, especially when unexpected.
ڶͻȻ
blow off
To relieve or release (pressure); let off.
ᣬͷţѹ
blow out
To extinguish or be extinguished by a gust of air:
һ紵
blow out a candle.

To fail, as an electrical apparatus.
ϵ
To erupt in an uncontrolled manner. Used of a gas or oil well.
Ʋɵ֮Ʊָú;
blow over
To subside, wane, or pass over with little lasting effect:
꣩ƽϢ˥˻
The storm blew over quickly. The scandal will soon blow over.
籩ѸټˡŽܿ伣
blow up
To come into being:
γɣ
A storm blew up.
籩
To fill with air; inflate:
ͣ
blow up a tire.
̥
To enlarge (a photographic image or print).
ƬӡˢƷŴ
To explode:
ը
bombs blowing up.
ըը
To lose one's temper.
Ƣʧȥ
?
blow a gasketٵ
To explode with anger.
Ȼŭ
blow hot and cold
To change one's opinion often on a matter; vacillate.
޳ıĳµҡ
blow off steam
To give vent to pent-up emotion.
ͷűѹֵ
blow (one's) coolٵ
To lose one's composure.
ʧȥ侲
blow (one's) mindٵ
To affect with intense emotion, such as amazement, excitement, or shock.
棬˷ܣ桢˷ܡǿҲ
blow (one's) top 
blow (one's) stack ʽ
Informal To lose one's temper.
ʽ Ƣ
?
Middle English blowen 
йӢ blowen 
from Old English bl3n * see  bhl?- 
Դ Ӣ bl3n *μ bhl?- 
?
blow
blow 2
AHD:[bl?] 
D.J.[bl*&]
K.K.[blo]
n.ʣ
A sudden hard stroke or hit, as with the fist or an object.
ŹȭͷͻȻҵһ
An unexpected shock or calamity.
ͻȻĴֻ
An unexpected attack; an assault.
ͻȻĽϮ
?
Middle English blaw 
йӢ blaw 
?
blow
blow 3
AHD:[bl?] 
D.J.[bl*&]
K.K.[blo]
n.ʣ
A mass of blossoms:
ԣ
peach blow.
һ
The state of blossoming.
ʢʢ״̬
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
blew[bl?] blown[bl?n] blow.ing,blows 
To bloom or cause to bloom.
ʹʢ
?
From Middle English blowen [to bloom] 
Դ йӢ blowen [] 
from Old English bl?n * see  bhel- 3
Դ Ӣ bl?n *μ bhel- 3

= =
blue
blue
AHD:[bl?] 
D.J.[blu8]
K.K.[blu]
n.ʣ
Abbr. bl.Color The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 450 to 
490 nanometers; any of a group of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation, whose hue is that of a clear daytime sky; one of the additive or light primaries; one of the 
psychological primary hues.
д bl.ɫʡ ɫɫ׽ɫɫ֮ɫʣɲԼΪ450490׵߲ܹ۲쵽ɫڵɫɫɫɫʵ
ƣԭɫȾɫɫѧϵĻɫ֮һ
A pigment or dye imparting this hue.
ɫȾϣɫϣɫʵɫػ
Bluing.

An object having this hue.
ɫ壺ɫ
Dress or clothing of this hue:
ɫ·򲼣
The ushers wore blue.
λԱɫƷ
A person who wears a blue uniform.
ɫƷ
blues A dress blue uniform, especially that of the U.S. Army.
 blues ɫƷװ
Often Blue 
  Blue 
A member of the Union Army in the Civil War.
ϱսһԱ
The Union Army.
ϱսеı
A bluefish.
٣
A small blue butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.
ҵƵС
The sky.

The sea.
̺
adj.ݴʣ
blu.er,blu.est 
Color Of the color blue.
ɫʡ ɫ
Bluish or having parts that are blue or bluish, as the blue spruce and the blue whale.
ɫģǳɫģɫĻһɫɫģɼ
Having a gray or purplish color, as from cold or contusion.
ϵģɫĻԴɫģ
Wearing blue.
װ
Gloomy; depressed.See Synonyms at depressed 
ɥģѹֵĲμ depressed
Dismal; dreary:
ģƵģ
a blue day.
ζһ
Puritanical; strict.
ͽģɺϵ
Aristocratic; patrician.
ģ߹
Indecent; risqu:
ģ˷绯ģ
a blue joke; a blue movie.
ЦɫӰ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
blued,blu.ing,blues 
To make or become blue.
ʹɫΪɫ
?
blue in the face
To the point or at the point of extreme exasperation:
ɫࣺڻڼȷŭ״̬
I argued with them until I was blue in the face.
۵ɫ
into the blue
At a far distance; into the unknown.
Զ룻ңɲ
out of the blue
From an unexpected or unforeseen source:
ϵģû뵽ûԤģ
criticism that came out of the blue.
ͻ
At a completely unexpected time:
ͻȻģʼϲģϲʱ
arrived out of the blue.
ͻȻݷ
?
Middle English blue, bleu 
йӢ blue, bleu 
from Old French bleu 
Դ ŷ bleu 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhel- 1
[Դն] *μ bhel- 1
?
bluely
adv.ʣ
blueness
n.ʣ

= =
blunder
blun.der
AHD:[bl?ndr] 
D.J.[6blJnd*]
K.K.[6blJnd+]
n.ʣ
A usually serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion.
͵֪ʹɵĴ
v.ʣ
blun.dered,blun.der.ing,blun.ders 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move clumsily or blindly.
ײײߣĵ
To make a usually serious mistake.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a stupid, usually serious error in; botch.
㣺ڡ淸˺޴ͨصĴ̣
To utter (something) stupidly or thoughtlessly.
ڱ࣬Ƿǵ˵޴Ƿǵ˵ĳ£
?
From Middle English blunderen [to go blindly] 
Դ йӢ blunderen [äĿ] 
perhaps from Old Swedish blundra [have one's eyes closed] 
Դ  blundra [۾] 
from Old Norse blunda 
Դ ˹ά blunda 
?
blunderer
n.ʣ
blunderingly
adv.ʣ
?
blunder,bumble,flounder,lumber,lurch,stumble
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to move awkwardly or unsteadily: 
ЩʶС׾ĵƶ˼ 
blundered into the room and fell;
߽ӣˣ
flies bumbling against the open jam jar;
Ӭڴ򿪵ĹƿУ
floundered up the muddy mountain trail;
һһŢɽС
a wagon lumbering along an unpaved road;
δ̵·ߣ
twisted her ankle and lurched home;
Ť˽ףһһŤ߻ؼң
stumbled but regained his balance. 
һµϻظƽ⡣ 

= =
blunt
blunt
AHD:[bl?nt] 
D.J.[blJnt]
K.K.[blJnt]
adj.ݴʣ
blunt.er,blunt.est 
Having a dull edge or end; not sharp.
۵ģģһ۵ıߺͶ˵ģ
Abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech:
ֱԵģ˵ֱģתĨǵģ
Onscreen, John Wayne was a blunt talker and straight shooter(Time)See Synonyms at gruff 
ӫϣԼΤһֱԲ䡢һѪˡ(ʱ)μ gruff
Slow to understand or perceive; dull.
оģٶ۵
Lacking in feeling; insensitive.
ȱоģе
v.ʣ
blunt.ed,blunt.ing,blunts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dull the edge of.
ٶ
To make less effective; weaken:
ʹٶۣʹ
blunting the criticism with a smile.
΢Ц嵭
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become blunt.
ۣٶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
bluntly
adv.ʣ
bluntness
n.ʣ

= =
blush
blush
AHD:[bl?sh] 
D.J.[blJ.]
K.K.[blJ.]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
blushed,blush.ing,blush.es 
To become red in the face, especially from modesty, embarrassment, or shame; flush.
죺򣩺ߡ죻
To become red or rosy.
죺ɺɫõɫ
To feel embarrassed or ashamed:
е򷢾
blushed at his own audacity.
ΪԼ³çе
n.ʣ
A reddening of the face, especially from modesty, embarrassment, or shame.
죺ָ
A red or rosy color:
ɫõ죺
the blush of dawn.
ʱĺ
A glance, look, or view:
һƳһһۣ
thought the painting genuine at first blush.
һ֪Ʒ
Blusher.
ˣ
?
Middle English blushen 
йӢ blushen 
from Old English blyscan * see  bhel- 1
Դ Ӣ blyscan *μ bhel- 1
?
blushful
adj.ݴʣ
blushingly
adv.ʣ

= =
board
board
AHD:[b?rd, b?rd] 
D.J.[b%8d, b*&rd]
K.K.[b%rd, bord]
n.Abbr. bd.ʣд bd.
A long, flat slab of sawed lumber; a plank.
壺Ƶĳƽ壻
A flat piece of wood or similarly rigid material adapted for a special use.
ģľĻƳɵİ壬;
Games A flat surface on which a game is played.
Ϸ ̣Ϸ壺Ϸõƽ
The hard cover of a book.
Ƥֽ壺Ӳֽ
boards A theater stage.
 boards ̨
A table, especially one set for serving food.
ӣ
Food or meals considered as a whole:
ʳʳΪһʳʳ
board and lodging.

A table at which official meetings are held; a council table.
ھйٷӣ
An organized body of administrators or investigators:
ίԱ᣺֯
a board of trustees; a board of directors.
»᣻»
An electrical-equipment panel.
Ǳ壬
Computer Science A circuit board.
ѧ ·壬ɰ
Sports 
˶ 
A scoreboard.
Ʒ
Basketball A backboard.
 
boards The wooden structure enclosing an ice hockey rink.
 boards 壺򳡵ľΧ
A diving board.

A surfboard.
˰
Nautical 
 
The side of a ship.

A leeboard.
ƽ׷·
A centerboard.

Obsolete A border or an edge.
 в壺Եصľ
v.ʣ
board.ed,board.ing,boards 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or close with boards:
⣬ǣľ帲ǻգ
board up a broken window.
ľסѻĴ
To furnish with meals in return for pay.
շΪ
To house where board is furnished:
ṩʳޣ
board a horse at a stable.
˯
To enter or go aboard (a vehicle or ship).
ϳϴϣͨ߻򴬣
Nautical To come alongside (a ship).
 £
Obsolete To approach.
 ӽ£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To receive meals in return for pay.
𣺸ѻȡʳ
?
On board
Aboard.
ڴ
On the job.
ڹ
?
Middle English bord 
йӢ bord 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
boast
boast 1
AHD:[b?st] 
D.J.[b*&st]
K.K.[bost]
v.ʣ
boast.ed,boast.ing,boasts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way.
ԴޣԿ䣺ҫԼ͵ķʽ˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To speak of with excessive pride.
ҫرĿ˵
Usage Problem To possess or own (a desirable feature):
÷ѡ ӵУӵлռݣص㣩
[the]  capital of a region in the southeast that boasts bountiful coal fields (US Air)
 ӵзḻú̿صĶϵ׸ ()
To contain; have.

n.ʣ
The act or an instance of bragging.
ԴޣԴ޵ж
A source of pride.
Ժ
?
Middle English bosten 
йӢ bosten 
from bost [a brag] 
Դ bost [Կ] 
?
boaster
n.ʣ
boastful
adj.ݴʣ
boastfully
adv.ʣ
boastfulness
n.ʣ
?
boast,brag,crow,vaunt
These verbs all mean to speak with pride,often excessive pride, about oneself or something,such as one's possessions, related to oneself.
ЩʶʾҫͨԼĳЩ¹ֽԼӵеĶԼصĶ
 Boast   is the most general: 
 Boast  Ϊã 
We confide [i.e., have confidence] in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of others, without fearing it   (Thomas Jefferson).
  Լ ⲢԿ䣻Ҳӱ˵η塱  ˹ѷ
 Brag   implies exaggerated claims and often an air of insolent superiority: 
 Brag  ̺ƣͨʾһְ̬ȣ 
He bragged that his father was the most successful stockbroker on Wall Street.
ǻɹĹƱˡ
Crow   stresses exultation and loud rejoicing, as over a victory: 
Crow  ǿʤȶϲʹأ 
No candidate should crow until the votes have been counted.
ѡƱ֮ǰûкѡ˻Դޡ
Vaunt   suggests ostentatiousness and lofty extravagance of expression: 
Vaunt  ʾҫʵؿţ 
an elite that . . . vaunts diplomacy over national security concerns  (Jim Hoagland).
 һڹҰȫǶҫ⽻ߡ  ķ¸£
?
Some have objected to the use ofboast  as a transitive verb meaning to possess or own (a desirable feature), as inThis network boasts an audience with a greater concentration of 
professionals and managers than any other broadcast vehicle.   This usage is by now well established, however,and is acceptable to 62 percent of the Usage Panel.
˷Խboast ָռлӵУһʣļﶯʣ ýӵбκý鶼רҵԱ͹ԱȺ С Ȼ÷ѱ㷺
ˣٷ֮ʮ÷רʹСԱͬ÷
?
boast
boast 2
AHD:[b?st] 
D.J.[b*&st]
K.K.[bost]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
boast.ed,boast.ing,boasts 
To shape or form (stone) roughly with a broad chisel.
ֵ һӴֲڵ̣ʯͷ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
boat
boat
AHD:[b?t] 
D.J.[b*&t]
K.K.[bot]
n.ʣ
Nautical 
 
A relatively small, usually open craft of a size that might be carried aboard a ship.
СԽСĳ񴬣ߴСִװ
An inland vessel of any size.
ںӴںӺеκδСĴ
A ship or submarine.
ִǱͧ
A dish shaped like a boat:
ε״񴬵ĵ
a sauce boat.
͵
v.ʣ
boat.ed,boat.ing,boats  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel by boat.
˴
To ride a boat for pleasure.
˴
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport by boat.
ô
To place in a boat.
ôװ
?
in the same boat
In the same situation as another or others.
ͬһ˻˴ͬ
?
Middle English bot 
йӢ bot 
from Old English b3t * see  bheid- 
Դ Ӣ b3t *μ bheid- 

= =
body
bod.y
AHD:[b?d?] 
D.J.[6bKdi8]
K.K.[6b$di]
n.ʣ
 bod.ies 
The entire material or physical structure of an organism, especially of a human being or an animal.
壺л֯ȫʻṹָ
The physical part of a person.
壺˵
A corpse or carcass.
ʬ壬к
The trunk or torso of a human being or an animal.
ɣ˻ɻ
The part of a garment covering the torso.
壺·ǵɲ
A human being; a person.
ࣻ
A group of individuals regarded as an entity; a corporation.
һȺ壺һһȺ
A number of persons, concepts, or things regarded as a group:
ģȺ飺һˡ¡
We walked out in a body.
һ߳ȥ
The main or central part, as:
Ҫ֣Ĳ֣ҪֻĲ֣磺
Anatomy The largest or principal part of an organ; corpus.
ѧ ɣлҪĲ֣
The nave of a church.
õе
The content of a book or document exclusive of prefatory matter, codicils, indexes, or appendices.
ģȥԡš͸¼׵Ҫ
The passenger- and cargo-carrying part of an aircraft, ship, or other vehicle.
壺ɻִ乤װس˿ͺͻĲ
Music The sound box of an instrument.
֡ 
A mass or collection of material that is distinct from other masses:
һƬһѣֿһźһʣ
a body of water.
һˮ
Consistency of substance, as in paint, textiles, or wine:
ȣᡢ֯ƷƵԡǿȺͳȣ
a sauce with body.
ܳĵζ֭
Printing The part of a block of type underlying the impression surface.
ӡˢ ǦӡˢµǦֿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bod.ied,bod.y.ing,bod.ies 
To furnish with a body.

To give shape to:
״
Imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown(Shakespeare)
Щδ֪״塱(ɯʿ)
?
Middle English bodi 
йӢ bodi 
from Old English bodig 
Դ Ӣ bodig 
?
body,corpse,carcass,cadaver
These nouns denote the physical organism of a person or an animal.
Щʶʾ˻֯
 Body   refers to material substance, living or dead,especially of a person: 
 Body  ָĻʵ壬ָ˵壺 
my body to be buried obscurely  (Francis Bacon). 
 ҵ彫Ȼء  ˹ 
Those who smoke abuse their bodies.  The word is often used to point up the distinction between material structure and spirit: 
Լ塣 ʳʺ; 
The battle to keep body and soul together was long and difficult.
ڼܶǿά
Corpse   refers to the physical remains of a dead person: 
Corpse  ָµк 
The corpse of the victim could be removed only after the police had finished photographing the scene of the crime.
ֻھԷֳպߵʬſԱߡ
Carcass   primarily denotes the body of a dead animal: 
Carcass  Ҫָʬ壺 
Close to the western summit there is the dried and frozen carcass of a leopard  (Ernest Hemingway).The word is applied to a person, alive or dead,only derogatorily or humorously: 
 ɽ壬һֻĸɱ񶳽ʬ塱  ˹ءڻŻȥˣڱƻĬ 
He exercised strenously to keep his carcass in good condition.
̿ѵʹ崦״̬
Cadaver   is a corpse used for dissection and study: 
Cadaver  ָڽʺоʬ壺 
cadavers in the pathology department of the medical school. 
ҽҩѧУеʬ 

= =
boil
boil 1
AHD:[boil] 
D.J.[b%!l]
K.K.[b%!l]
v.ʣ
boiled,boil.ing,boils 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change from a liquid to a vapor by the application of heat:
ڼȣҺ壺
All the water boiled away and left the kettle dry.
ˮտˣʣһպ
To reach the boiling point.
󿪣ﵽе
To undergo the action of boiling, especially in being cooked.
ڷˮָ
To be in a state of agitation; seethe:
ڣڷ״̬ڣ
a river boiling over the rocks.
ˮڣĴҰ
To be stirred up or greatly excited:
ʹ
The mere idea made me boil.
ҴΪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To vaporize (a liquid) by the application of heat.
üȰ취ʹҺ壩
To heat to the boiling point.
ȵе
To cook or clean by boiling.
ӷ⿻ϴ
To separate by evaporation in the process of boiling:
ڷˮзֿͨӷйеԷ룺
boil the maple sap.
зʽ֭
n.ʣ
The condition or act of boiling.
󣬷ڣڵ״̬Ķ
Lower Southern U.S. A picnic featuring shrimp, crab, or crayfish boiled in large pots with spices, and then shelled and eaten by hand.
϶ˡ ҰͣϺзˮϺϵζ֭ȻȥǾʳҰ
An agitated, swirling, roiling mass of liquid:
תҺ壺
Those tumbling boils show a dissolving bar and a changing channel there(Mark Twain)
ӿĺˮʾһСɳ޺͸ĵĺ(ˡ)
?
boil down
To reduce in bulk or size by boiling.
Ũͨ
To condense; summarize:
Ũ򻯣
boiled down the complex document.
򻯷ӵļ
To constitute the equivalent of in summary:
򵥵عΪ
The scathing editorial simply boils down to an exercise in partisan politics.
ǿҵۿԼ򵥵عΪεĸ
boil over
To overflow while boiling.

To lose one's temper.
ŭʧȥ
?
Middle English boillen 
йӢ boillen 
from Old French boillir 
Դ ŷ boillir 
from Latin bulloe 
Դ  bulloe 
?
boil,simmer,seethe,stew
To
 boil   is to cook in a liquid heated to a temperature at which it bubbles up and gives off vapor: 
 boil  ڼȵðݲҺ 
boil potatoes. Figurativelyboil  pertains to intense agitation:  
 boil ı÷ʾ  
She boiled with resentment.
Թ޶
Simmer   denotes gentle cooking just at or below the boiling point ( 
Simmer  ʾڷе΢( 
Let the stock simmer for several hours); figuratively it refers to a state of gentle ferment ( 
֭Сʱ) ָ( 
Plans were simmering in his mind). 
ƻ) 
 Seethe   emphasizes in both senses the turbulence of steady boiling at high temperature: 
 Seethe  弰ǿ³ 
Water seethed in the caldron.
ˮڴз
The city had all through the interval been seething with discontent  (John R. Green).
 óǶʱһֱһֲ尾  ԼR֣
 Stew   refers literally to slow boiling and figuratively to a persistent but not violent state of agitation: 
 Stew  ĻУָʱ䵫صĽǣ 
I always add a little Madeira to the liquid when I stew prunes.
ʱҳЩѾ
 They don't want a man to fret and stew about his work  (William H. Whyte, Jr.).
ǲñΪաǡ  СHأ
?
boil
boil 2
AHD:[boil] 
D.J.[b%!l]
K.K.[b%!l]
n.ʣ
A painful, circumscribed pus-filled inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue usually caused by a local staphylococcal infection.Also called  furuncle 
ܣƤƤ֯ŧͷ׵һ飬ʹΪôȾҲ  furuncle
?
Middle English bile 
йӢ bile 
from Old English bte 
Դ Ӣ bte 

= =
bold
bold
AHD:[b?ld] 
D.J.[b*&ld]
K.K.[bold]
adj.ݴʣ
bold.er,bold.est 
Fearless and daring; courageous.
¸ҵģηģΪ
Requiring or exhibiting courage and bravery.See Synonyms at brave 
¸ҵģҪʾ͵ʶĲμ brave
Unduly forward and brazen in manner:
çײģΪðʧģģ
a bold, impudent child.
³çС
Clear and distinct to the eye; conspicuous:
Ŀģģ׼ģ
a bold handwriting.
ıʼ
Steep or abrupt in grade or terrain:
͵ģ¶ȻƶĻվģ
bold cliffs.

Printing Boldface.
ӡˢ ģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bald * see  bhel- 2
Դ Ӣ bald *μ bhel- 2
?
boldly
adv.ʣ
boldness
n.ʣ

= =
bolt
bolt 1
AHD:[b?lt] 
D.J.[b*&lt]
K.K.[bolt]
n.ʣ
A bar made of wood or metal that slides into a socket and is used to fasten doors and gates.
ţľƳɵڹ̽
A metal bar or rod in the mechanism of a lock that is thrown or withdrawn by turning the key.
ɣϵĽˣתɽѹ
A fastener consisting of a threaded pin or rod with a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mated nut that is tightened by applying 
torque.
˨һɿɴ˨͹ɵνһͷڲϲӦĿףԵñ
A sliding metal bar that positions the cartridge in breechloading rifles, closes the breech, and ejects the spent cartridge.
ǹ˨ǹװںǹΪӵλĻɹرǹź뽫õӵ
A similar device in any breech mechanism.
˨Żее豸
A short, heavy arrow with a thick head, used especially with a crossbow.
һִͷĶ̶صļ
A flash of lightning; a thunderbolt.
磻
A sudden or unexpected event:
ͻ¼
The announcement was a veritable bolt.
ʾǧȷͻ¼
A sudden movement toward or away.
ͳ壬
A large roll of cloth of a definite length, especially as it comes from the loom.
һƥһȵģָ֯жʱһ
v.ʣ
bolt.ed,bolt.ing,bolts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To secure or lock with or as if with a bolt.
˨סû̶ס
To arrange or roll (lengths of cloth, for example) on or in a bolt.
ƥƥ粼ûһ˨
To eat (food) hurriedly and with little chewing; gulp.
Ҵ£̳ԣٵҺٽĳԣʳʳ
To desert or withdraw support from (a political party).
˳ӣ룬֧
To utter impulsively; blurt.
ѿڶٵ˵
Archaic To shoot or discharge (a missile, such as an arrow).
 䣺Ͷ򷢳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or spring suddenly.
ѸƶͻȻ
To start suddenly and run away:
ܣͻȻܣ
The horse bolted at the sound of the shot. The frightened child bolted from the room.
ܡŻ˵ĺӴзܳ
To break away from a political party or its policies.
ѵһֵܾ֧
Botany To flower or produce seeds prematurely or develop a flowering stem from a rosette.
ֲѧ ӣʵֲδڿʵǾޱ᳤Ϊ
?
bolt from the blue
A sudden, shocking surprise or turn of events.
¼ͻͻȻת
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English [heavy arrow] 
Դ Ӣ [ؼ] 
?
bolt
bolt 2
AHD:[b?lt] 
D.J.[b*&lt]
K.K.[bolt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bolt.ed,bolt.ing,bolts 
To pass (flour, for example) through a sieve.
ɸɸѡɸɸѡ۵ȣ
?
Middle English bulten 
йӢ bulten 
from Old French buleter 
Դ ŷ buleter 
from Middle High German biuteln 
Դ йŸߵص biuteln 
from biutel [bag, purse] 
Դ biutel [ӣǮ] 

= =
bomb
bomb
AHD:[b?m] 
D.J.[bKm]
K.K.[b$m]
n.ʣ
An explosive weapon detonated by impact, proximity to an object, a timing mechanism, or other means.
ըײ塢ʱװûʽıը
An atomic or a nuclear bomb. Used withthe.  
ԭӵԭӵ˵the  
Any of various weapons detonated to release destructive material, such as smoke or gas.
ͨըͷų̻Ļٻʵĸ
Football A very long forward pass intended to gain great yardage in a single play.
 һδеһ봫Ա
A container capable of withstanding high internal pressure.
ѹޣܸܳܺߵڲѹ
A vessel for storing compressed gas.
ޣѹ
A portable, manually operated container that ejects a spray, foam, or gas under pressure.
ܽʽѹĭĿƶֹ
Slang A dismal failure; a fiasco.
ٵ Ұܣ˾ɥʧܣ
Slang An old car.
ٵ 
Chiefly British A large amount of money.
Ӣ һǮ
v.ʣ
bombed,bomb.ing,bombs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attack, damage, or destroy with or as if with bombs.
ըըըƻٻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drop a bomb or bombs.
Ͷ Ͷһը
Slang To fail miserably:
ٵ Ұܣ
The play bombed.
̨Ϸ
Slang To paint a graffito.
ٵ Ϳѻ
?
French bombe 
 bombe 
from Italian bomba 
Դ  bomba 
probably from Latin bombus [a booming sound] 
Դ  bombus [¡¡] 
from Greek bombos 
Դ ϣ bombos 

= =
bond
bond
AHD:[b?nd] 
D.J.[bKnd]
K.K.[b$nd]
n.Abbr. bd.ʣд bd.
Something, such as a fetter, cord, or band, that binds, ties, or fastens things together.
Ѷ˩һ͡
Often bonds Confinement in prison; captivity.
  bonds ״̬нڼ²
A uniting force or tie; a link:
᣺ϵ᣺
the bonds of friendship, the familial bond.
ᣬ
A binding agreement; a covenant.
ԼԼЭ飻Լ
A duty, a promise, or another obligation by which one is bound.
񣺼ĳϵΡŵ
A substance or an agent that causes two or more objects or parts to cohere.
ϼʹ򲿷Ʒý
The union or cohesion brought about by such a substance or agent.
ϣƷýγɵϻ
A chemical bond.
ѧϼ
An overlapping arrangement of bricks or other masonry components in a wall.
ߣʯǽשʯһصϷʽ
Law 
ɡ 
A written and sealed obligation, especially one requiring payment of a stipulated amount of money on or before a given day.
ʽͬµָͬҪȷڻǰ֧涨ĺͬ
A sum of money paid as bail or surety.
֤ͽ֤Ǯ
A bail bondsman.
֤
A certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation guaranteeing payment of the original investment plus interest by a specified future date.
ծȯ˾еģ֤һȷڹ黹Ϣծƾ֤
The condition of taxable goods being stored in a warehouse until the taxes or duties owed on them are paid.
ջӦ˰ƷڶջУ˰˰ȡ
An insurance contract in which an agency guarantees payment to an employer in the event of unforeseen financial loss through the actions of an employee.
յһֱ֤ͬշ֤һڹԱжľʧõ㳥
Bond paper.
ͬļ
v.ʣ
bond.ed,bond.ing,bonds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mortgage or place a guaranteed bond on.
ΪѺһʱ֤
To furnish bond or surety for.
Ϊ֤
To place (an employee, for example) under bond or guarantee.
ΪգĳˣһԱ뱣
To join securely, as with glue or cement.
ʹ̣ʹϣýˮһι̵ؽһ
To join (two or more individuals) in or as if in a nurturing relationship:
ϣãĸˣϵһ
What bonded[the two men] who spoke rarely and have little personal rapportwas patience and a conviction that uncontrolled inflation endangers . . . society (Robert J. 
Samuelson)
ˣ Ǻٽ̸Ҳϡһԭĺ͹ͬ޷Ƶͨвšᡱ (޲J.Ѷɭ)
To lay (bricks, for example) in an overlapping pattern for solidity.
שΪι̰Ѷש飩ص
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cohere with or as if with a bond.
᣺ӻһ
To form a close personal relationship.
γܵ˼ʹϵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of band 
 bandı 
from Old Norse * see  bhendh- 
Դ ˹ά *μ bhendh- 
?
bondable
adj.ݴʣ
bonder
n.ʣ
?
Bond
Bond
AHD:[b?nd] Carrie Jacobs (1862-1946) 
D.J.[bKnd]
K.K.[b$nd]
NONE޴ԣ
American songwriter whose works include I Love You Truly (1901) and The End of a Perfect Day (1910).
£Ÿ˹(1862-1946) ңƷСϰ㡱(1901֮꣩͡ĩ(1910꣩
?
Bond
BondJulian (Born 1940)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician and civil rights leader who was elected to the Georgia legislature (1966) but temporarily barred from taking office because of his opposition to the Vietnam War.
£( 1940) μҺȨ˶䣬ѡ(1966꣩ڷԽսδְܾ
?
Bond
BondThomas (1712-1784)
NONE޴ԣ
American physician who founded in Philadelphia the first hospital in America (1752).
£˹(1712-1784) ҽ1752ڷѳǽһҽԺ

= =
bone
bone
AHD:[b?n] 
D.J.[b*&n]
K.K.[bon]
n.ʣ
The dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral 
component.
ʣɴ׵ǼҪֵĳܵġԵġ׵ġƻ֯һлʣһ޻ɷֹ
Any of numerous anatomically distinct structures making up the skeleton of a vertebrate animal. There are more than 200 different bones in the human body.
ͷڽѧϹɼ׵ǼܵĴ໥Ľṹ200鲻ͬĹͷ
A piece of bone.
һͷ
bones 
 bones 
The skeleton.
Ǽ
The body.

Mortal remains.
Ĳк
An animal structure or material, such as ivory, resembling bone.
״ͷһĽṹʣ
Something made of bone or of material resembling bone, especially:
ƷùͷɵĶָ
A piece of whalebone or similar material used as a corset stay.
ǣһ龨ǻɵŮ֧
bones Informal Dice.
 bones ʽ 
bones The fundamental plan or design, as of the plot of a book.
 bones ܣļƻƣһڵ
bones Flat clappers made of bone or wood originally used by the end man in a minstrel show.
 bones ߣѲݳվһûƻľ
Bones (used with a sing. verb)The end man in a minstrel show.
 Bones 뵥ãѹ᣺Ѳݳе
v.ʣ
boned,bon.ing,bones 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the bones from.
ӡȡ߹ͷ
To stiffen (a piece of clothing) with stays, as of whalebone.
װǼڣΣ֧ʹ·Ӳ羨ǵ
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To study intensely, usually at the last minute:
ʱţѧָʱ̣
He's boning up on the role of Tevya(Douglas Watt)
ڸάɫ(˹)
?
bone of contention
The subject of a dispute.
۵
bone to pick
Grounds for a complaint or dispute.
Թ۵
?
Middle English bon 
йӢ bon 
from Old English b3n 
Դ Ӣ b3n 

= =
bonus
bo.nus
AHD:[b?ns] 
D.J.[6b*&n*s]
K.K.[6bon*s]
n.ʣ
 bo.nus.es 
Something given or paid in addition to what is usual or expected.
Ķƽ˹֮⸽ӸĶ
A sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition to the employee's usual compensation.
𣺸ԱĹһǮӦĶ
A sum of money in addition to salary that is given to a professional athlete for signing up with a team.
ְҵ˶ԱǩԼнˮ֮ӦõһǮ
A subsidy from a government to an industry.
ѣ蹤ҵĲ
A premium, as of stock, that is given by a corporation to another party, such as a purchaser of its securities.
ɹ˾һЩˣ繺򱾹˾֤ȯߣĹϢ
A sum of money that is paid by a corporation in excess of interest or royalties charged for the granting of a privilege or a loan to that corporation.
ɹ˾Ȩ˾Ϣ˰һǮ
?
From Latin [good] * see  deu- 2
Դ  [õ] *μ deu- 2
?
bonus,bounty,subsidy,premium,prize,reward,gratuity
Each of these nouns denotes a form of extra payment.
Щʶһָӱʽ
 Bonus   usually applies to money in excess of what is normally received or strictly due,given especially in recognition of superior effort or achievement or as a share in profits: 
 Bonus  ָͨûϸ涨֮ǮرΪԳŬɾ͵һϿɻķ 
Those who put in many hours of overtime will receive a percentage of their salary as a bonus. A 
ЩӰʱ˽õ൱乤ʵһΪ 
 bounty   is a sum of money offered by a government for the performance of a special service considered to be desirable: 
 bounty  ָЩԲ˵Ǯ 
The sheriff announced a bounty of 15 dollars for the pelt of every coyote killed.
λÿɱƤ15Ԫͽ
Subsidy   refers to a grant from a government in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest: 
Subsidy  ָֹ֧ҵľѣ 
The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence. A 
Ǹѧõһ˹оĲѡ 
 premium   is generally something given as an incentive: 
 premium  Ϊ̼Ե 
Brown & Williamson . . . has been a pioneer in direct mail since it began offering premiums for coupons on its . . . packages  (ADWEEK). A
 ʺķɭ˾ԴӿʼʼİŻȯ󿪷ʼֱͶҵ ܿ
 prize   is awarded for superiority or victory,as in a contest or competition: 
 Prize  ǽʤʤߵģ羺ʤߣ 
Every compulsion is put upon writers to become safe, polite, obedient, and sterile. In protest . . . I must decline the Pulitzer Prize  (Sinclair Lewis).
ÿǿȶʹұñò˳ӶɹΪ˿顭ұܾ߽  ·˹
 Reward   refers broadly to payment for a specific meritorious service: 
 Reward  㷺ָһȷΪǮ 
A $10,000 reward was offered to anyone who could provide information useful in retrieving the stolen silver. A 
κΪ׷رṩ10,000Ԫ 
 gratuity  
 gratuity  
 is a gift of money made in appreciation of services rendered:  
ǶṩķʾмǮ  
Gratuities for waiters are included in the bill. 
ߵСѰʵ 

= =
book
book
AHD:[b?k] 
D.J.[b&k]
K.K.[b&k]
n.Abbr. bk.,b.ʣд bk.,b.
A set of written, printed, or blank pages fastened along one side and encased between protective covers.
飬鱾һһ߹̶װűԵķ֮дġӡˢĻհֽ
A printed or written literary work.
ѧ飺һӡˢĻдѧƷ
A main division of a larger printed or written work:
½ڣϴӡˢĻдһֲ
a book of the Old Testament.
Լһ½
A volume in which financial or business transactions are recorded.
᣺¼ڻҵ׵Ĳ
books Financial or business records considered as a group:
 books ĿһĽڻҵ¼
checked the expenditures on the books.
Ŀϵ֧
A libretto.
ʣ籾
The script of a play.
籾
Book The Bible.
 Book ʥ
A set of prescribed standards or rules on which decisions are based:
ƶȣһ׹涨õΪ߻ı׼׼
runs the company by the book.
ƶȾӪ˾
Something regarded as a source of knowledge or understanding.
֪ʶ֮⣺֪ʶԴĶ
The total amount of experience, knowledge, understanding, and skill that can be used in solving a problem or performing a task:
֪ʶܿ⣺顢֪ʶͼɵȿʵĶܺͣ
We used every trick in the book to finish the project on schedule.
þÿԤϵļƻ
A packet of like or similar items bound together:
һһͬĶ
a book of matches.
һ
A record of bets placed on a race.
¼עѹϵĶע¼
Games The number of card tricks needed before any tricks can have scoring value, as the first six tricks taken by the declaring side in bridge.
Ϸ ԼƶڻмǷֵּƶǰӦɵƶʱзµǰ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
棺һʣ
a book report; book learning.
汨棻鱾֪ʶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
booked,book.ing,books 
To list or register in or as if in a book.
Ǽǣע᣺ڱлڱе¼оٳ
To record charges against (a person) on a police blotter.
ظ¼ھ²ϼ¼ĳ˵ģָ
To arrange for (tickets or lodgings, for example) in advance; reserve.
ԤȰţƱס޵ȣԤ
To hire or engage:
ԼӶԼ
The manager booked a magic show for Saturday night.
ǸԤһϵħ
To allocate time for.
Ϊųʱ
?
bring to book
To demand an explanation from; call to account.
ҪͣҪ˵
in one's book
In one's opinion:
Ϊĳ˵Ŀ
In my book they both are wrong.
ҿ
like a book
Thoroughly; completely:
͸أȫأ
I know my child like a book.
ȫ˽ҵĺ
one for the books
A noteworthy act or occurrence.
Ѱ£һֵüסж¼
throw the book at
To make all possible charges against (a lawbreaker, for example).
ԣ棩пָܵ
To reprimand or punish severely.
⣺ָͷ
?
Middle English bok 
йӢ bok 
from Old English b?c * see  bh3go- 
Դ Ӣ b?c *μ bh3go- 
?
booker
n.ʣ
?
book,bespeak,engage,reserve
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause something to be set aside, as for one's use or possession, in advance: 
Щʹе˼ΪԤԱʹûӵС 
will book a hotel room;
Ԥùݷ䣻
bespoken merchandise;

engaged a box for the opera season;
ΪԤ᣻
reserving a table at a restaurant. 
ڲ 

= =
boom
boom 1
AHD:[b?m] 
D.J.[bu8m]
K.K.[bum]
v.ʣ
boomed,boom.ing,booms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a deep, resonant sound.
¡¡ͳл
To grow or develop rapidly; flourish:
ٷչѸٳɳչǣ
Business is booming.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or give forth with a deep, resonant sound:
Եͳл
a field commander booming out orders.
սָӹԵͳл
To cause to grow or flourish; boost.
ʹ٣ɳǣʹѸٷչ
n.ʣ
A deep resonant sound, as of an explosion.
¡¡ͳл籬ը
A time of economic prosperity.
٣һʱľ÷
A sudden increase, as in popularity.
ͻȻ˿ڼ
?
Middle English bomben [imitative of a loud noise] 
йӢ bomben [һ] 
?
boom
boom 2
AHD:[b?m] 
D.J.[bu8m]
K.K.[bum]
n.ʣ
Nautical A long spar extending from a mast to hold or extend the foot of a sail.
 죺Φĳˣ֧Żչ¶
A long pole extending upward at an angle from the mast of a derrick to support or guide objects lifted or suspended.
ˣػһǶĳˣֻ֧ǣ
A barrier composed of a chain of floating logs enclosing other free-floating logs, typically used to catch floating debris or to obstruct passage.
ϣһһľűɸľɵϰرƯкֹͨ
A floating barrier serving to contain an oil spill.
ľդһƯĵդֹʧͷ
A long movable arm used to maneuver and support a microphone.
Ͳˣһֺ֧͵ͲĿɶ豸
A spar that connects the tail surfaces and the main structure of an airplane.
β죺ӷɻβͻ
A long hollow tube attached to a tanker aircraft, through which fuel flows to another aircraft being refueled in flight.
м͵ܣڷɻϳ׿չܣͨб͵ķɻ
?
Dutch [tree, pole] 
 [] 
from Middle Dutch * see  bheu- 
Դ йź *μ bheu- 

= =
boost
boost
AHD:[b?st] 
D.J.[bu8st]
K.K.[bust]
v.ʣ
boost.ed,boost.ing,boosts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below.See Synonyms at lift 
ơ٣Ӻƻμ lift
To increase; raise:
ӣθߣ
boost prices; efforts to boost participation in the program.
߼۸Ŭ߽ĿĲ
To assist in further development or progress:
̼Զķչͽ
a bill intended to boost local charities.
һڴ̼طҵ鰸
To stir up enthusiasm for; promote vigorously:
ǿԡ飻ǿ
boosted their school with rallies and fund drives.
ͨļǵѧУ
Electricity To increase the voltage of (a circuit).
ѧ ѹӵ·ĵѹ
Slang To shoplift.
ٵ ̵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Slang To engage in shoplifting.
ٵ ̵
n.ʣ
A push upward or ahead.
ƾϻǰƶ
An increase:
ӣ
a big boost in salary.
һιʴ
?
Perhaps from dialectal boostering [bustling, active] 
Դ  boostering [ƶģԾ] 

= =
boot
boot 1
AHD:[b?t] 
D.J.[bu8t]
K.K.[but]
n.ʣ
Protective footgear, as of leather or rubber, covering the foot and part or all of the leg.
ѥƤѥѥԵЬߣƤƻƣɸסźͲֻȫ
A protective covering, especially a sheath to enclose the base of a floor-mounted gear shift lever in a car or truck.
֣һַԸָС򿨳һڰסǰŵ˻
Chiefly British An automobile trunk.
Ӣ 䣺һβ
A kick.

Slang An unceremonious dismissal, as from a job.
ٵ ͣһְַӹϵ
Slang A swift, pleasurable feeling; a thrill.
ٵ Ѹٶõĸо˷ܵ
A Denver boot.
ѥ
A marine or navy recruit in basic training.
±лѵˮ򺣾±
boots An instrument of torture, used to crush the foot and leg.
 boots ѥ״̾ߣһѹźȵ̾
v.tr.ﶯʣ
boot.ed,boot.ing,boots 
To put boots on.
ѥ
To kick.

Slang To discharge unceremoniously.See Synonyms at dismiss 
ٵ ְͣμ dismiss
Computer Science To enter (a program) into a computer using a few initial instructions.
ѧ ʹһЩʼһ
To disable (a vehicle) by attaching a Denver boot.
һ۶ʹ߲ͨʻ
?
Middle English bote 
йӢ bote 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
?
boot
boot 2
AHD:[b?t] 
D.J.[bu8t]
K.K.[but]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
boot.ed,boot.ing,boots 
To be of help or advantage; avail.
洦
n.ʣ
Chiefly Southern U.S. See  lagniappe 
ϲ μ  lagniappe
Archaic Advantage; avail.
 洦ô
?
to boot
In addition; besides.
ң֮
?
Middle English boten [to be of help] 
йӢ boten [а] 
from Old English b?n 
Դ Ӣ b?n 
from b?t [help] * see  bhad- 
Դ b?t [] *μ bhad- 

= =
booth
booth
AHD:[b?th] 
D.J.[bu8G]
K.K.[buG]
n.ʣ
 booths[b?Yz, b?ths]  
A small, often enclosed compartment, usually accommodating only one person:
ӣһСΧɵĸ䣬ͨһסޣ
a voting booth; a projection booth.
ͶƱվӳ
A small enclosed compartment with a window, used to separate the occupant from others:
С䣺һΧסĴС䣬ڽס˷뿪
a ticket booth.
Ʊͤ
A seating area in a restaurant that has a table and seats whose high backs serve as partitions.
еĻӺλӵλλӵĸ߿Ϊ
A small stall or stand for the display and sale of goods.
̯һкͳƷС̯ۻ̨
?
Middle English bothe 
йӢ bothe 
[of Scandinavian origin] * see  bheu- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ bheu- 
?
Booth
Booth 1
AHD:[b?th] 
D.J.[bu8G]
K.K.[buG]
NONE޴ԣ
Family of actors, includingJunius Brutus  (1796-1852), a British-born Shakespearean actor who in 1821 immigrated to the United States, and his sons Edwin Thomas  (1833-1893), noted 
for his portrayal of Hamlet, and John Wilkes  (1838-1865), the assassin of President Abraham Lincoln. 
˼壺Աͥ˹³˹ 1796-1852꣩ӢɯʿϷԱ1821ǨĶ »˹ 1833-1893꣩ݹķض
 Լκ˹ 1838-1865꣩ıɱǲֿͳĴ̿ 
?
Booth
Booth 2
AHD:[b?th] 
D.J.[bu8G]
K.K.[buG]
NONE޴ԣ
Family of reformers, includingWilliam  (1829-1912), a British religious leader who founded the Salvation Army (1878) with his wife, Catherine Mumford Booth  (1829-1890), and served as 
its first general (1896-1912). His children William Bramwell  (1856-1929); Ballington  (1857-1940), who with his wife, Maud Ballington Booth  (1865-1948), founded the Volunteers of 
America (1896); and Evangeline Cory  (1865-1950) were active in the Salvation Army. 
˼壺ĸ߼壬 1829-1912꣩һӢڽ䣬ӣ ա·𡤲˼ 1829-1890꣩˾1878꣩Ϊһ
1896-1912꣩ĺ ķ 1856-1929꣩ ֶ 1857-1940꣩ӣ Ĭ¡ֶ١˼ 1865-1948꣩¾1896
 Ľ֡ 1865-1950꣩ǾĻ 

= =
border
bor.der
AHD:[b?rdr] 
D.J.[6b%8d*]
K.K.[6b%rd+]
n.ʣ
A part that forms the outer edge of something.
߽磬ԵγⲿԵĲ
A decorative strip around the edge of something, such as fabric.
װαߣܱװԵ飬֯
A strip of ground, as at the edge of a garden or walk, in which ornamental plants or shrubs are planted.
·߻̳ڻ԰·ıϵأװԵĻݻľ
The line or frontier area separating political divisions or geographic regions; a boundary.
߾λֻķָ߻߽磻ֽ
v.ʣ
bor.dered,bor.der.ing,bor.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a border on.
Ϊı߽
To lie along or adjacent to the border of:
Żڡı߽磺
Canada borders the United States.
ô
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie adjacent to another:
ӣһӣ
The United States borders on Canada.
ӽڼô
To be almost like another in character:
ƣһƣ
an act that borders on heroism.
Ӣ۵о
?
Middle English bordure 
йӢ bordure 
from Old French bordeure 
Դ ŷ bordeure 
from border [to border] 
Դ border [ӽ] 
from bort [border] 
Դ bort [ӽ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
borderer
n.ʣ
?
border,margin,edge,verge,brink,rim,brim
All these nouns refer to the line or narrow area that marks the outside limit of something such as a surface.
Щָĳⲿ޵Ľ޻ش
 Border   refers either to the boundary line ( 
 Border  Ҳָֽߣ 
erected a fence along the border of the property)  or to the area that is immediately inside the boundary ( 
صزı߽һΧǽ ָλڱ߽ڵ 
a picture frame with a wide border).
ſߵ򣩡
Margin   is a border of more or less precisely definable width that is often distinguishable in other respects from the rest of the surface: 
Margin  ָһֿɾȷ޶ȵı߽磬ÿȵಿǿɷֱģ 
a boathouse near the margin of the pond;
һߵĴ⣻
the margin of a little clearing in the forest.
ɭ΢Կɱı߽硣
Edge   refers specifically to the precise bounding line formed by the continuous convergence of two surfaces: 
Edge  ָƽصĵγɵľȷֽߣ 
sat on the edge of the chair.
ӵıԵ
Verge   is an extreme terminating line or edge ( 
Verge  һͷ߻磨 
the sun's afterglow on the verge of the horizon); figuratively it indicates a point at which something is likely to begin or to happen ( 
ڵƽϣ ָһڴܿʼٽ㣨 
an explorer on the verge of a great discovery). 
̽ռλھ޴ֵٽ㣩 
 Brink   denotes the edge of a steep place ( 
 Brink  ָ͵طı߽磨 
stood on the brink of the cliff); in an extended sense it indicates the likelihood or imminence of a sudden change ( 
վµıԵϣ һչָһͻ±ĿԻٽ 
on the brink of falling in love). 
׹밮ıԵ 
 Rim   most often denotes the edge of something, such as a wheel, that is circular or curved: 
 Rim  ָԲԻ壬糵ֵıԵ 
a crack in the rim of the lens.
λھͷԵѷ졣
Brim   applies to the upper edge or inner side of the rim of a container,such as a cup, or of something shaped like a basin: 
Brim  ָԵϱ߻ߣ豭״һĶ 
lava issuing from the brim of the crater. See also Synonyms at  boundary 
ӻɽ μͬ boundary

= =
bore
bore 1
AHD:[b?r, b?r] 
D.J.[b%8, b*&r]
K.K.[b%r, bor]
v.ʣ
bored,bor.ing,bores 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill.
꣬䣬û򶴻
To form (a tunnel, for example) by drilling, digging, or burrowing.
ꡢڻķʽͨ磬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a hole in or through something with or as if with a drill.
ף򶴣û򶴻򴩿
To proceed or advance steadily or laboriously:
ǰУȵػǰƣ
a destroyer boring through heavy seas.
һǰ
n.ʣ
A hole or passage made by or as if by use of a drill.
ף򶴣û׻ͨ
A hollow, usually cylindrical chamber or barrel, as of a firearm.
ǹţǹпյģͨ״СһСͲ
The interior diameter of a hole, tube, or cylinder.
ھܻԲھ
The caliber of a firearm.
ǹĿھ
A drilling tool.
ӣһù
?
Middle English boren 
йӢ boren 
from Old English borian 
Դ Ӣ borian 
?
bore
bore 2
AHD:[b?r, b?r] 
D.J.[b%8, b*&r]
K.K.[b%r, bor]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bored,bor.ing,bores 
To make weary by being dull, repetitive, or tedious:
ᷳΪ»ζʹᷳ
The play bored us.
ϷǸеᷳ
n.ʣ
One that arouses boredom.
ᷳ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
bore
bore 3
AHD:[b?r, b?r] 
D.J.[b%8, b*&r]
K.K.[b%r, bor]
n.ʣ
A high, often dangerous wave caused by the surge of a flood tide upstream in a narrowing estuary or by colliding tidal currents.Also called  eagre 
Хˣһ鳱ӿխӿڻײϫĺܸߵģͨΣյĲҲ  eagre
?
Middle English bare [wave] 
йӢ bare [] 
from Old Norse b3a * see  bher- 1
Դ ˹ά b3a *μ bher- 1
?
bore
bore 4
AHD:[b?r, b?r] 
D.J.[b%8, b*&r]
K.K.[b%r, bor]
v.ʣ
Past tense of bear 1
 bearĹȥʽ1

= =
born
born
AHD:[b?rn] 
D.J.[b%8n]
K.K.[b%rn]
v.ʣ
A past participle of bear 1
 bearĹȥִ1
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. b.Brought into life by birth.
д b.
Brought into existence; created:

A new nation was born with the revolution.
ڸһµĹҵ
Having from birth a particular quality or talent:
ģ츳ģеܻ츳
a born artist.
һ
Destined, or seemingly destined, from birth:
עģעĻעģ
a person born to lead.
һעҪΪ
Resulting or arising:
µģģ
wisdom born of experience.
õǻ
Native to a particular country, region, or place. Often used in combination:
طģĳһضҡطġڸϴʣ
Irish-born; Southern born and bred; Boston-born.
ģϷģʿ
?
Born
Born
AHD:[b?rn] Max (1882-1970) 
D.J.[b%8n]
K.K.[b%rn]
NONE޴ԣ
German-born physicist. He shared a 1954 Nobel Prize for his pioneering work in quantum mechanics.
˹(1882-1970) ѧҡѧĿԹ1954ŵ

= =
borrow
bor.row
AHD:[b?r?, b?r?] 
D.J.[6bKr*&, 6b%8r*&]
K.K.[6b$ro, 6b%ro]
v.ʣ
bor.rowed,bor.row.ing,bor.rows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain or receive (something) on loan with the promise or understanding of returning it or its equivalent.
룺ڳŵʽĬϹ黹ȼĻԽʽȡûܣĳ
To adopt or use as one's own:
ԽãɻԼʹã
I borrowed your good idea.
ҽ뷨
In subtraction, to take a unit from the next larger denomination in the minuend so as to make a number larger than the number to be subtracted.
λڼУӱڵһλнһλԱʹִ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To obtain or receive something.
ãȡûյĳ
Linguistics To adopt words from one language for use in another.
ѧ ôʻ㣺һвɴʻõһ
?
borrow trouble
To take an unnecessary action that will probably engender adverse effects.
鷳ȡһܻЧĲҪж
?
Middle English borwen 
йӢ borwen 
from Old English borgian * see  bhergh- 1
Դ Ӣ borgian *μ bhergh- 1
?
borrower
n.ʣ
?
Borrow
Bor.row
AHD:[b?r?] George Henry (1803-1881) 
D.J.[6bKr*&]
K.K.[6b$ro]
NONE޴ԣ
British philologist, traveler, and writer of books based on his journeys, includingRomany Rye  (1857). 
壬Ρ(1803-1881) ӢѧҡмҼңСˡ 1857꣩μ 

= =
bosom
bos.om
AHD:[b?zm, b?zm] 
D.J.[6b&z*m, 6bu8z*m]
K.K.[6b&z*m, 6buz*m]
n.ʣ
The chest of a human being:
ز˵ز
He held the sleepy child to his bosom.
ѻ˯Сڻ
A woman's breast or breasts.
Ů鷿
The part of a garment covering the chest or breasts.
·ؽ󣺴ز鷿ֵ·
The security and closeness likened to being held in a warm familial embrace:
ͥůůͥİȫиУ
We welcomed the stranger into the bosom of our family.
ԼͥĹػӭİ
The chest considered as the source of emotion.
ػԴ
adj.ݴʣ
Beloved; intimate:
İģܵģ
a bosom friend.
һܵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English b?m 
Դ Ӣ b?m 

= =
boss
boss 1
AHD:[b?s, b?s] 
D.J.[b%8s, bKs]
K.K.[b%s, b$s]
n.ʣ
An employer or a supervisor.
ϰ壬
One who makes decisions or exercises authority.
ߣ߻ʹȨ
A professional politician who controls a party or a political machine.
ԣλְҵμ
v.ʣ
bossed,boss.ing,boss.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To supervise or control.See Synonyms at supervise 
Ʋμ supervise
To give orders to, especially in an arrogant or domineering manner:
ָʹʩָ԰̬ȣ
bossing us around.
ָʹת
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or act as a supervisor or controlling element.
ߣأǻ䵱߻
adj.Slang ݴʣٵ 
First-rate; topnotch.
һģõ
?
Dutch baas [master] 
 baas [] 
?
boss
boss 2
AHD:[b?s, b?s] 
D.J.[b%8s, bKs]
K.K.[b%s, b$s]
n.ʣ
A circular protuberance or knoblike swelling, as on the horns of certain animals.
ڰ͹Σ״ͻ״һЩϵͻ
A raised area used as ornamentation.
װε͹
Architecture A raised ornament, such as one at the intersection of the ribs in a vaulted roof.
ѧ ͹Σ͹װڹݶι洦͹
An enlarged part of a shaft to which another shaft is coupled or to which a wheel or gear is keyed.
챣һһϴһֻШϴ󲿷
A hub, especially of a propeller.
ͷͷָƽͷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bossed,boss.ing,boss.es 
To emboss.

?
Middle English boce 
йӢ boce 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
?
boss
boss 3
AHD:[b?s, b?s] 
D.J.[b%8s, bKs]
K.K.[b%s, b$s]
n.ʣ
A cow or calf.
ĸţСţ
?
Perhaps ultimately from Latin b?s * see  bovine 
Դ  b?s *μ bovine

= =
both
both
AHD:[b?th] 
D.J.[b*&G]
K.K.[boG]
adj.ݴʣ
One and the other; relating to or being two in conjunction:
ߵģһһӴбʾģ
Both guests have arrived. Both the books are torn. Both her fingers are broken.
˶ѵˡ鶼˺ˡָ
pron.ʣ
The one and the other:
һһ
Both were candidates. We are both candidates. Both of us are candidates.
ǺѡˡǶǺѡˡǺѡ
conj.Ӵʣ
Used withand  to indicate that each of two things in a coordinated phrase or clause is included: 
andãand ԱжӾе֮һڣ 
both men and women; an attorney well regarded for both intelligence and honesty.
˺ŮˣǺʹܺʦ
?
Middle English bothe 
йӢ bothe 
from Old English b33} [both those] 
Դ Ӣ b33} [] 
b3} [neuter of] b?gen [both] 
b3}  [] b?gen [] 
th3} [plural of] th?t [that] * see  that 
th3}  [] th?tĸ [] *μ that
?
Both  is used to indicate that the action or state denoted by the verb applies individually to each of two entities. Both books weigh more than five pounds,  for example, means that each 
book weighs more than five pounds by itself,not that the two books weighed together come to more than five pounds.Both  is inappropriate where the verb does not apply to each of the 
entities by itself.  In possessive constructionsof both  is usually preferred: the mothers of both  (rather than both their mothers ); the fault of both  (rather than both their fault  or both's 
fault ).  Whenboth  is used with and  to link parallel elements in a sentence, the words or phrases that follow them should correspond grammatically:in both India and China  or both in 
India and in China  (not both in India and China ). See Usage Note at and 
Both ڱָΪ״̬ɵʵеһ   ָÿһععʲܵ
ʵеһʱboth ǲǡġ иṹУof both ͨǸȷеģ the monthers of bothǵĸף  both their monthers  the fault of both
ǵĹ  both their fault  both's fault  both  and ھƽгɷʱ ӵĴʻӦ﷨ϱһ£in both India and China ӡȺ
й both in India and in China  both in India and China  μ and

= =
bother
both.er
AHD:[b?Yr] 
D.J.[6bKH*]
K.K.[6b$H+]
v.ʣ
both.ered,both.er.ing,both.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To disturb or anger, especially by minor irritations; annoy.See Synonyms at annoy 
ţŭŻŭָͨ˷С£μ annoy
To make agitated or nervous; fluster.
ʹţʹţʹ
To make confused or perplexed; puzzle.
ʹԻʹһԻʹ
To intrude on without invitation or warrant; disturb.
ţûбȨ룻
To give trouble to:
鷳
a back condition that bothers her constantly.
һϸ鷳Ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take the trouble; concern oneself.

To cause trouble.
ʹ鷳
n.ʣ
A cause or state of disturbance.
ţŵԭ״
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express annoyance or mild irritation.
ڱﷳջŭ
?
Probably from dialectal bodder 
Դ  bodder 
[possibly of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
bottle
bot.tle
AHD:[b?tl] 
D.J.[6bKtl]
K.K.[6b$t1]
n.Abbr. bot.ʣд bot.
A receptacle having a narrow neck, usually no handles, and a mouth that can be plugged, corked, or capped.
ƿһխͨޱһӡľ˨ӷڵ
The quantity that a bottle holds.
һƿװ
A receptacle filled with milk or formula that is fed, as to babies, in place of breast milk.
ƿװдĸιӤţ̻Ӥ䷽ʳ
Informal 
ʽ 
Intoxicating liquor:
˵Ҿƣ
Don't take to the bottle.
Ҫ̰
The practice of drinking large quantities of intoxicating liquor:
ƣô˵ҾƵΪ
Her problem is the bottle.
ë
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
bottle soda; a bottle recycling program.
ƿװմһƿӻĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bot.tled,bot.tling,bot.tles 
To place in a bottle.
װƿ
To hold in; restrain:
ƣƣ
bottled up my emotions.
ҵĸ
?
Middle English botel 
йӢ botel 
from Old French botele 
Դ ŷ botele 
from Medieval Latin butticula 
Դ  butticula 
diminutive of Late Latin buttis [cask] 
  buttisС׺ [Ͱ] 
?
bottler
n.ʣ

= =
bottom
bot.tom
AHD:[b?tm] 
D.J.[6bKt*m]
K.K.[6b$t*m]
n.Abbr. bot.ʣд bot.
The deepest or lowest part:
ײ͵ĵط
the bottom of a well; the bottom of the page.
ףҳĵײ
The underside:
²࣬棺
scraped the bottom of the car on a rock.
ʯ
The supporting part; the base.

The far end or part:
ԶˣԶ
at the bottom of the bed.
ڴľͷ
The last place, as on a list.
󲿷֣ĩ
The lowest or least favorable position:
ְͼͲְ
started at the bottom of the corporate hierarchy.
ӹ˾
The basic underlying quality; the source:
ԴԴ
Let's get to the bottom of the problem.
ǻصԴͷ
The solid surface under a body of water.
ˮףˮµĹ
Often bottoms Low-lying alluvial land adjacent to a river.Also called  bottomland 
  bottoms ݵأ̲أڽӵĵݳشҲ  bottomland
Nautical The part of a ship's hull below the water line.
 ףˮµĴ
A ship; a boat:
Сͧ
English merchants did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms(G.M. Trevelyan)
Ӣֻндóס(G.M.ά)
Often bottoms The trousers or short pants of pajamas.
  bottoms ˯㣺˯
Informal The buttocks.
ʽ β
The seat of a chair.
ӵλ
Baseball The second or last half of an inning.
 °볡һеĵڶ볡
Staying power; stamina. Used of a horse.
ָ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a bottom drawer; the bottom stair.
ײ룻ײ¥
v.ʣ
bot.tomed,bot.tom.ing,bot.toms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with an underside.
װףڲװ
To provide with a foundation.
Ļ
To get to the bottom of; fathom.
̽⣺ĵײ̽
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become based or grounded.
׼е׻
To rest on or touch the bottom.
ףͣڻӴײ
?
bottom out
To descend to the lowest point possible, after which only a rise may occur:
ȵףܵ׵㣬ֻһᷢ
Sales of personal computers have bottomed out.
˵Ե۵׵
?
at bottom
Basically.

?
Middle English botme 
йӢ botme 
from Old English botm 
Դ Ӣ botm 
?
bottomer
n.ʣ

= =
bough
bough
AHD:[bou] 
D.J.[ba&]
K.K.[ba&]
n.ʣ
A tree branch, especially a large or main branch.
ɣִָ֦֦
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English b?h * see  bh3ghu- 
Դ Ӣ b?h *μ bh3ghu- 

= =
bounce
bounce
AHD:[bouns] 
D.J.[ba&ns]
K.K.[ba&ns]
v.ʣ
bounced,bounc.ing,bounc.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rebound after having struck an object or a surface.
ײ󵯻
To move jerkily; bump:
˶ײ
The car bounced over the potholes.
ڿӿлȥ
To recover quickly, as from a setback:
ܴѸٻָ
The patient bounced back to good health.
˺ܿȬ
To bound:
Ծ
children bouncing into the room.
ǱŽ뷿
Informal To be sent back by a bank as valueless:
ʽ Ʊ޼ֵƱ
a check that bounced.
˻ص֧Ʊ
Baseball To hit a ground ball that rebounds before reaching an infielder:
 һδҰʱ
The batter bounced out to the shortstop.
Խλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to strike an object or a surface and rebound:
ʹʹײ󷴵
bounce a ball on the sidewalk.
е
Slang 
ٵ 
To expel by force.
ͨ
To dismiss from employment.See Synonyms at dismiss 
Ͳμ dismiss
To write (a check) on an overdrawn bank account.
ǩͷ֧Ʊһ͸֧˵ʻǩ֧Ʊ
n.ʣ
A rebound.

A sudden bound, spring, or leap.
𡢵Ծ
The capacity to rebound; spring:
ԣ
a ball with bounce.

Spirit; liveliness.

Slang Expulsion; dismissal.
ٵ 𣻽
Chiefly British Loud, arrogant speech; bluster.
Ӣ ƣĽ
?
Probably from Middle English bounsen [to beat] 
Դ йӢ bounsen [] 

= =
bound
bound 1
AHD:[bound] 
D.J.[ba&nd]
K.K.[ba&nd]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
bound.ed,bound.ing,bounds 
To leap forward or upward; spring.
ǰԾ𣻵
To progress by forward leaps or springs.
ԾǰͨǰԾķʽǰ
n.ʣ
A leap; a jump.
ԾԾ
A rebound; a bounce.

?
French bondir [to bounce] 
 bondir [] 
from Old French [to resound] 
Դ ŷ [] 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *bombitoe 
Դ  *bombitoe 
from Latin bombit3e [to hum] 
Դ  bombit3e [] 
from bombus [a humming sound] 
Դ bombus [] 
from Greek bombos 
Դ ϣ bombos 
?
bound
bound 2
AHD:[bound] 
D.J.[ba&nd]
K.K.[ba&nd]
n.ʣ
Often bounds A boundary; a limit:
  bounds ޣƣ
Our joy knew no bounds. Your remarks exceed the bounds of reason.
ǿޱȡ۳˺
bounds The territory on, within, or near limiting lines:
 bounds ߽磺ڽϡ޸
the bounds of the kingdom.
Ľ
v.ʣ
bound.ed,bound.ing,bounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set a limit to; confine:
磻ƣ
a high wall that bounded the prison yard; lives that were bounded by poverty.
ȦסĸǽΪƶ
To constitute the boundary or limit of:
ɽ޻ƣ
a city park that was bounded by busy streets.
ӵֵΧĳй԰
To identify the boundaries of; demarcate.
ޣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To border on another place, state, or country.
һطݻҽӽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bodne, bonde 
Դ ŷ bodne, bonde 
Anglo-Norman bunde 
Ӣ bunde 
both from Medieval Latin bodina 
Դ  bodina 
[of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
bound
bound 3
AHD:[bound] 
D.J.[ba&nd]
K.K.[ba&nd]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of bind 
 bindĹȥʽ͹ȥִ
adj.ݴʣ
Confined by bonds; tied:
󣬸ôӰסģģ
bound and gagged hostages.
סס͵
Being under legal or moral obligation:
ģܷɻԼģ
bound by my promise.
ΪҵĳŵԼ
Abbr. bd.Equipped with a cover or binding:
д bd.װģзƤװκõģ
bound volumes.
װ֡õ
Predetermined; certain:
עģ϶ģ
We're bound to be late.
ǿ϶Ҫٵ
Determined; resolved:
õģģ
She's bound to be mayor.
ѡΪг
Constipated.
ص
?
bound
bound 4
AHD:[bound] 
D.J.[ba&nd]
K.K.[ba&nd]
adj.ݴʣ
Headed or intending to head in a specified direction:
׼ȥģǰ׼ǰһضģ
commuters bound for home; a south-bound train.
˹ؼҵˣһеĻ
?
Alteration of Middle English boun [ready] 
 йӢ bounı仯 [׼õ] 
from Old Norse b?n [past participle of] b?a [to get ready] * see  bheu- 
Դ ˹ά b?n  [] b?aĹȥִ [׼] *μ bheu- 

= =
boundary
bound.a.ry
AHD:[bound-r?, -dr?] 
D.J.[6ba&nd*ri8, -dri8]
K.K.[6ba&nd*ri, -dri]
n.ʣ
 bound.a.ries 
Something that indicates a border or limit.
߽ߣʶ߽Χĳ
The border or limit so indicated.
߽磺ʶı߽Χ
?
boundary,border,frontier,limit
These nouns all denote a line or an area separating one piece of territory from another. A
Щʶָָһһ߻
 boundary   is a limiting line: 
 boundary  ߣ 
A stone wall marked the boundary between the two farms. A 
ʯǽũķֽߡ 
 border   is a line that separates political entities: 
 Border  ǽʵĽޣ 
Customs officers inspected our luggage when we crossed the border.
ǹʱعԱǵ
Frontier   denotes the part of a country that faces toward or fronts an adjoining country: 
Frontier  ָһгڹĲ֣ 
that long [Canadian] frontier from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, guarded only by neighborly respect and honorable obligations   (Winston S. Churchill).
  Դ̫ƽĳ߽ߣ ڹ𾴺͸ػš ˹١S𼪶
 Limit   denotes a boundary that surrounds an area: 
 Limit  ָΧһĽߣ 
Cars cannot exceed 35 miles per hour within city limits. 
ڳٲܳÿСʱ35Ӣ 

= =
bow
bow 1
AHD:[bou] 
D.J.[ba&]
K.K.[ba&]
n.Nautical ʣ 
The front section of a ship or boat.
ͷСͧǰ沿
The oar or the person wielding the oar closest to the bow.
ǰ֣ǰͷĻ
?
Middle English boue 
йӢ boue 
[probably of Low German origin] * see  bheug- 
[Դڵ͵ն] *μ bheug- 
?
bow
bow 2
AHD:[bou] 
D.J.[ba&]
K.K.[ba&]
v.ʣ
bowed,bow.ing,bows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bend or curve downward; stoop.
䣺
To incline the body or head or bend the knee in greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.
Ϲͷʺ⡢ǫлʱͷϥ
To yield in defeat or out of courtesy; submit.See Synonyms at yield 
ǫãˣʧܻòòμ yield
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bend (the head, knee, or body) to express greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.
Ϲͷϥ壩Աʺ⡢ǫл羴
To convey (greeting, for example) by bending the body.
ͨʺ
To escort deferentially:
ػͣ
bowed us into the restaurant.
ؽ͹
To cause to acquiesce; submit.
ʹĬϣʹ
To overburden:
ʹأ
Grief bowed them down.
ǲʤ
n.ʣ
An inclination of the head or body, as in greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.
Ϲʺ⡢ǫл羴ʱ׻
?
bow out
To remove oneself; withdraw.
Զ˳̨
?
bow and scrape
To behave obsequiously.
Ϊĵ
?
Middle English bowen 
йӢ bowen 
from Old English b?n * see  bheug- 
Դ Ӣ b?n *μ bheug- 
?
bow
bow 3
AHD:[b?] 
D.J.[b*&]
K.K.[bo]
n.ʣ
A bent, curved, or arched object.
һġĻε
A weapon consisting of a curved, flexible strip of material, especially wood, strung taut from end to end and used to launch arrows.
һġԵβϣָľʲƳɵģһ˸ססһˣ
An archer.

Archers considered as a group.
ٹ
Music A rod having horsehair drawn tightly between its two raised ends, used in playing instruments of the violin and viol families.
֡ Сٵ͹ٹСټ
A stroke made by this rod.
ٹ
A knot usually having two loops and two ends; a bowknot.
᣺һ˵Ľ᣻
A frame for the lenses of a pair of eyeglasses.
۾۾ƬĿ
The part of such a frame passing over the ear.
۾ȣ۾ڶϵĲ
A rainbow.
ʺ
An oxbow.
ţǹ
v.ʣ
bowed,bow.ing,bows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bend (something) into the shape of a bow.
ĳɹ
Music To play (a stringed instrument) with a bow.
֡ ٹࣨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bend into a curve or bow.
ɹ
Music To play a stringed instrument with a bow.
֡ ٹ
?
Middle English bowe 
йӢ bowe 
from Old English boga * see  bheug- 
Դ Ӣ boga *μ bheug- 
?
Bow
Bow
AHD:[b?] Clara  Known as the It Girl.(1905-1965) 
D.J.[b*&]
K.K.[bo]
NONE޴ԣ
American actress whose roles in silent films, such asMantrap  (1926) and It  (1927), made her a symbol of the Roaring Twenties. 
(1905-1965) ŮԱӰ硶塷 1926꣩  1927꣩аݵĽɫΪʮһŵ 

= =
bowl
bowl 1
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b*&l]
K.K.[bol]
n.ʣ
A hemispherical vessel, wider than it is deep, used for holding food or fluids.
룺һְȽȴʢʳƷҺ
The contents of such a vessel.
һ붫ʢ֮
A drinking goblet.
һ־Ʊ
A bowl-shaped part, as of a spoon or pipe.
׻̶β
A bowl-shaped topographic depression.
أ״ΰ
A bowl-shaped stadium or outdoor theater.
״Ժ
Football Any of various post-season games played between specially selected teams.
 רѡĶ֮еһּ
?
Middle English bowle 
йӢ bowle 
from Old English bolla * see  bhel- 2
Դ Ӣ bolla *μ bhel- 2
?
bowl
bowl 2
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b*&l]
K.K.[bol]
n.ʣ
A large wooden ball weighted or slightly flattened so as to roll with a bias.
һֽصƽĴľʹб
Sports A roll or throw of the ball, as in bowling.
˶ ڱ˶йͶ
bowls (used with a sing. verb)Sports Games See  lawn bowling 
 bowls 뵥ã˶ Ϸ μ  lawn bowling
A revolving cylinder or drum in a machine.
ͲӣתԲԲ
v.ʣ
bowled,bowl.ing,bowls 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Sports 
˶ 
To participate in a game of bowling.
μӱ
To throw or roll a ball in bowling.
Ͷڱ˶Ͷ
To hurl a cricket ball from one end of the pitch toward the batsman at the other, keeping the arm straight throughout the delivery.
򣺴򳡵һ˽һ˵Ļ֣бֱƽֱ
To move quickly and smoothly, especially by rolling:
ȶʻѸٶƽȵ˶ָԹķʽ
The children bowled along on their bicycles.
ǽгֿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw or roll (a ball).
Ͷ
Sports 
˶ 
To achieve (a specified score) by bowling.
÷֣ͨãһض
To perform (a specified amount, as a string or game) in bowling.
ݱ򣺱˶бݣһضһһ֣
To move quickly and smoothly by or as if by rolling:
ƽȵƶԻԹķʽٶƽȵƶ
bowled a tire from the garage.
ӳһ̥
To meet or strike with or as if with the force of a rapidly rolling object.
򵹣ײһתȥײ
?
bowl out ˶
To retire (a batsman in cricket) with a bowled ball that knocks the bails off the wicket.
ʹ֣ܣͶϺľʹеĻԱ˳
bowl over
To take by surprise.
𾪣ʹһ
To make a powerful impression on; overwhelm.
򵹣һǿҵӡѹ
?
Middle English boule 
йӢ boule 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin bulla [round object] 
Դ  bulla [Բ] 

= =
box
box 1
AHD:[b?ks] 
D.J.[bKks]
K.K.[b$ks]
n.ʣ
Abbr. bx.,bx
д bx.,bx
A container typically constructed with four sides perpendicular to the base and often having a lid or cover.
ӣһɴֱڵĸɵͨи
The amount or quantity that such a container can hold.
һУһʢ
A square or rectangle:
ΣΣ
Draw a box around your answer.
Ĵϻ
A separated compartment in a public place of entertainment, such as a theater or stadium, for the accommodation of a small group.
᣺ֳһС˵ķָ䣬ƩϷԺİ
An area of a public place, such as a courtroom or stadium, marked off and restricted for use by persons performing a specific function:
רϯһЩϯλڷͥУֳר޸һЩʹְʹã
a jury box.
ϯ
A small structure serving as a shelter:
ͤӣһӻС
a sentry box.

Chiefly British A small country house used as a sporting lodge:
Ӣ ˶ңһ˶Сݣ
a shooting box.

A box stall.
󷿣ָ
The raised seat for the driver of a coach or carriage.
ʻи߳ļʻԱλ
Baseball 
 
An area on a diamond marked by lines designating where the batter may stand.
߱ʾָʾվ
Any of various designated areas for other team members, such as the pitcher, catcher, and coaches.
ӳԱͶֺ֡ͽĸָص
Sports A penalty box.
˶ ܷϯ
Printing Featured printed matter enclosed by hairlines, a border, or white space and placed within or between text columns.
ӡˢ ӿ֣ϸֽߣɫΧķרڵض
A hollow made in the side of a tree for the collection of sap.
ףΪռ֭ڵ
A post office box.

An insulating, enclosing, or protective casing or part in a machine.
䣬׿ǣĸ룬װ򱣻л򲿷
A signaling device enclosed in a casing:
źװãװϵָʾװã
an alarm box.

Informal A television.
ʽ ӻ
A very large portable radio.
ʽƶĴ
Chiefly British A gift or gratuity, especially one given at Christmas.
Ӣ ͽָʥʱ
An awkward or perplexing situation; a predicament.
ѿƣ
Vulgar Slang The vulva and the vagina.
 ٵ ţ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
boxed,box.ing,box.es 
To pack in a box.
װ䣺װ
To confine in or as if in a box.
סѡ
To border or enclose with or as if with a box:
סΧס÷Ȧס
Key sections of the report are boxed off.
еĹؼѾ÷Ȧ
To provide a housing or case for (a machine part, for example).
װ䣺Ϊ壬磩ṩ׿ǻ
To limit the activity or influence of by or as if by creating a restrictive structure or outlining a territory:
ƣýԿܻ򻮶ȷʽжӰ죺
The legislature was boxed in by its earlier decisions.
ھ
Sports To block (a competitor or opponent) from advancing, especially to hinder an opponent from getting a rebound in basketball by placing oneself between the opponent and the 
basket:
˶ 谭߻֣ǰָ˶нԼڶֺֹֽ֮ס
was boxed out by the tallest player on the team; was boxed in on the homestretch.
ߵԱסˣһס
Nautical To boxhaul.
 ΢ת
To cut a hole in (a tree) for the collection of sap.
ڿףΪռ֭ϣ
To blend (paint) by pouring alternately between two containers.
ͣϣ㵹Իϣϣ
To change the shape of (a structure, such as a wall) by applying lath and plaster or boarding.
ı״ðľı䣨ǽ״
?
box the compass
To name the 32 points of the compass in proper order.
ָλʵ˳˵̵32λ
To make a complete revolution or reversal.
ױת
in a boxʽ
In a very difficult or restrictive situation.
һǳѻ޵Ĵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin buxis 
Դ  buxis 
from Greek puxis 
Դ ϣ puxis 
from puxos [box tree] 
Դ puxos [] 
?
box
box 2
AHD:[b?ks] 
D.J.[bKks]
K.K.[b$ks]
n.ʣ
A slap or blow with the hand or fist:
һƣһȭֻȭͷһƻһȭ
a box on the ear.
һǶ
v.ʣ
boxed,box.ing,box.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hit with the hand or fist.
ƻȭ
Sports To take part in a boxing match with.
˶ 롭ȭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fight with the fists or in a boxing match.
ȭȭȭȭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
box
box 3
AHD:[b?ks] 
D.J.[bKks]
K.K.[b$ks]
n.ʣ
 box  box.es  
Any of several evergreen shrubs or trees of the genusBuxus,  especially the Eurasian species B. sempervirens,  having opposite, leathery, simple leaves and clusters of unisexual 
flowers. It is widely grown as a hedge plant. 
һֻ ̹ľָŷ ̻ жĸʵҶ͵Իأձֲֲ 
The hard, light yellow wood of these plants, used to make musical instruments, rulers, inlays, and engraving blocks.
ľֲļӲʻɫľͷӡǶ͵̰
Any of several other shrubs or trees with similar foliage or timber.
ƻľƻҶҶӻľĵĹľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin buxus 
Դ  buxus 
from Greek puxos 
Դ ϣ puxos 

= =
boy
boy
AHD:[boi] 
D.J.[b%!]
K.K.[b%!]
n.ʣ
A male child.
к
An immature or inexperienced man, especially a young man.
ëͷСӣһ޾ˣָ
A son:
ӣ
his youngest boy.
СĶ
Informal A grown man; a fellow:
ʽ һӣСӣ
a night out with the boys.
С⹲һ
A male who comes from or belongs to a particular place:
Իĳصˣ
a city boy.

Offensive A male servant, such as a valet.
 ̣ͣ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express mild astonishment, elation, or disgust:
ڱʾ桢
Oh boywhat a surprise!
Ŷ˳Ծ
?
Middle English boi 
йӢ boi 
possibly from Old French embui [servant] [past participle of] embuier [to fetter] 
Դ ŷ embui []  [] embuierĹȥִ [] 
?
boyhood
n.ʣ

= =
boycott
boy.cott
AHD:[boik?t] 
D.J.[6b%!7kKt]
K.K.[6b%!7k$t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
boy.cott.ed,boy.cott.ing,boy.cotts 
To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion.See Synonyms at blackball 
ϵƣܾʹáʾ顢ΪǿƵֶβμ blackball
To abstain from or unite with others in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with.
ƣܾϾܾʹá
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of boycotting.
ϵƵĹ̻
?
After Charles C. Boycott  (1832-1897), English land agent in Ireland 
ԴԲ˹C  1832-1897꣩ӢضҴ 
?
boycotter
n.ʣ
?
Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The 
earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by 
Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the 
complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land 
League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolatedwithout servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the 
term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.
˹CؿΪǿҵθжΪһĴʡǰضڲķزˡռа󲿷صĲڵеһ
Ա1880＾ѡΪһߵԵ㣬һͼظĸİμҩ˹ڶġЩԸ͵ĵӹܱ軧
صĵũڶ֧ԶΪԭӢʿĲأܾȡ͵Ⲣ軧ʱڶ˳Աˣؼ˷Ǳ˩
ûˣũҵˣò̵ҲûšصֺܿͱֶԴרʣӢУҲ編Ͷ


= =
brace
brace
AHD:[br3s] 
D.J.[bre!s]
K.K.[bres]
n.ʣ
A device that holds or fastens two or more parts together or in place; a clamp.
ǯӣϲּڻһװãǯ
A device, such as a supporting beam in a building or a connecting wire or rope, that steadies or holds something else erect.
֧ţһװã罨֧ĸ˿ȶʹֱ
braces Chiefly British Suspenders.
 braces Ӣ 
An orthopedic appliance used to support, align, or hold a bodily part in the correct position.
֧֡Уֱס岿λʹ䱣ȷλõĽ
Often braces A dental appliance, constructed of bands and wires that is fixed to the teeth to correct irregular alignment.
  braces װϵľеɹ͸˿ݽ
An extremely stiff, erect posture.
ֱֱ̬
A cause or source of renewed physical or spiritual vigor.
̼ܵ
A protective pad strapped to the bow arm of an archer.
ڹֹϵķ
Nautical A rope by which a yard is swung and secured on a square-rigged ship.
 תڷҺ͹̶
A cranklike handle with an adjustable aperture at one end for securing and turning a bit.
ҡһһ˴пɵڵĿץסתͷ״
Music A leather loop that slides to change the tension on the cord of a drum.
֡ ƤͨԸıƤ
Music 
֡ 
A vertical line, usually accompanied by the symbol {, connecting two or more staffs.
׺ţһִߣͨ{ͬʱ֣ϵ
A set of staffs connected in this way.
ַʽӵһ
A symbol, { or }, enclosing two or more lines of text or listed items to show that they are considered as a unit.
ţţ{}סлϵĻԱһԪ
Mathematics Either of a pair of symbols, { }, used to indicate aggregation or to clarify the grouping of quantities when parentheses and square brackets have already been used.Also 
called  bracket 
ѧ һԴţһԷţ{}ԲźͷѾùʱڱʾܻһҲ  bracket
pl. brace A pair of like things:
 brace һ
three brace of partridges.See Synonyms at couple 
μ couple
v.ʣ
braced,brac.ing,brac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with a brace.
ϵ֧װ
To support or hold steady with or as if with a brace; reinforce.
֧ţ֧֧Żȣӹ
To prepare or position so as to be ready for impact or danger:
׼Ԥ׼λԶԸΣյĳ
Union members braced themselves for a confrontation with management.
Աһ׼ԶԸײ
To confront with questions or requests.
Ҫ
To increase the tension of.

To invigorate; stimulate:
ܣ̼
The freshness of the September morning inspired and braced him(Thomas Hardy)
糿¹ܡ(˹)
Nautical To turn (the yards of a ship) by the braces.
 תת죩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To get ready; make preparations.
׼ã׼
?
brace up
To summon one's strength or endurance.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [two arms] 
Դ ŷ [˫] 
from Latin br3a [pl. of] br3cchium [arm] 
Դ  br3a  [] br3cchiumĸ [] 
from Greek brakhi?n [upper arm] * see  mregh-u- 
Դ ϣ brakhi?n [ϱ] *μ mregh-u- 
V., partly from Old French bracier 
ʣԴ ŷ bracier 
from Old French brace 
Դ ŷ brace 

= =
bracket
brack.et
AHD:[br2k1t] 
D.J.[6br#k!t]
K.K.[6br#k!t]
n.ʣ
A simple rigid structure in the shape of an L, one arm of which is fixed to a vertical surface, the other projecting horizontally to support a shelf or other weight.
ţLεļ׸Խṹһ۹̶һϣһˮƽ֧һӻ
A small shelf or shelves supported by such structures.
мܣֽṹ֧ļ
Architecture A decorative or weight-bearing structural unit, two sides of which form a right angle with one arm flush against a wall and the other flush beneath a projecting surface; a 
console or corbel.
ѧ УţһװԻصĽṹγһֱǣһǶǽϣһǶһͻ£Ż
A wall-anchored fixture for gas or electricity.
ƣúƣװúõĹ̶ǽϵװ
One of a pair of marks, [ ], used to enclose written or printed material or to indicate a mathematical expression considered in some sense a single quantity.Also called  square bracket 
ţ֮һסһдӡˢһλֱʽҲ  square bracket
See  angle bracket 
μ  angle bracket
Mathematics See  brace 
ѧ μ  brace 
Chiefly British One of a pair of parentheses.
Ӣ С
A classification or grouping, especially within a sequence of numbers or grades, as a category of incomes sharing the same tax rate.
ȼࣺͬţָһĿ򼶱֮УΪͬ˰˰
The distance between two impacting shells, the first aimed beyond a target and the second aimed short of it, used to determine the range for artillery fire.
вࣺŵ֮ľ룬һ׼һĿ꣬׼һЩĵطڲⶨڵΧ
The shells fired in such a manner.
вַʽڵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
brack.et.ed,brack.et.ing,brack.ets 
To furnish or support with a bracket or brackets.
мܰװ
To place within or as if within brackets.

To classify or group together.

To include or exclude by establishing specific boundaries.
ȷȷ߽ķų
To fire beyond and short of (a target) in order to determine artillery range.
вΪⶨΧмвһĿ꣩
?
Possibly French braguette [codpiece] [diminutive of] brague [breeches] 
Ϊ  braguette [Ƭ]  [] bragueС׺ [] 
from Old Proven?al braga 
Դ ˹ braga 
from Latin br3e 
Դ  br3e 
[of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
brain
brain
AHD:[br3n] 
D.J.[bre!n]
K.K.[bren]
n.ʣ
The portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that is enclosed within the cranium, continuous with the spinal cord, and composed of gray matter and white matter. It is the primary 
center for the regulation and control of bodily activities, receiving and interpreting sensory impulses, and transmitting information to the muscles and body organs. It is also the seat of 
consciousness, thought, memory, and emotion.
ԣ׵ϵͳһɲ֣Ϊͷǹǰס뼹׵ɻɣǵںͿ˶պͽ͸о嶯ٷϢĻ
ģҲʶ˼룬ǺеĻ
A functionally similar portion of the invertebrate nervous system.
ԣ޼׵ϵͳоƹܵĲ
Intellectual ability; mind:
ܣ
a dull brain; a quick brain.
ԹϣԹ
Often brains Intellectual power; intelligence:
  brains 
brains and good looks.See Synonyms at mind 
ͺ۹μ mind
A highly intelligent person.

Often brains The primary director or planner, as of an organization or movement.
  brains ԣ֯˶Ҫ쵼˻߻
The control center, as of a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft.
ģɻɴĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
brained,brain.ing,brains ٵ 
To smash in the skull of.
ơԴ
To hit on the head.
򡭵ͷ
?
beat (one's) brains (out)
Informal To exert or expend great mental effort:
ʽ ʾ֭ԽùľŬ
She beat her brains out during the examination.
ڿʾ֭
on the brain
Obsessively in mind:
ڣһĳ£
The coach has winning on the brain.
һȡʤ
pick (someone's) brain 
pick (someone's) brains
To explore another's ideas through questioning.
˼ԣڽʹñ˵뷨
rack (one's) brainʽ
To think long and hard:
ڤ˼룺ʱ˼
I racked my brain for hours trying to recall her name.
Сʱҿ˼ڻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?gen 
Դ Ӣ br?gen 

= =
brake
brake 1
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
A device for slowing or stopping motion, as of a vehicle, especially by contact friction.
բʹ˶ٻֹͣװãļװãָͨӴĦ
Something that slows or stops action.
ƶʹ˶ٻֹͣĶ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
brake fluid; a brake job.
ƶҺƶ
v.ʣ
braked,brak.ing,brakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce the speed of with or as if with a brake.
ƶ٣ûբ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To operate or apply a brake.
բݻӦբ
To be slowed or stopped by or as if by the operation of a brake.
բբֹͣͨͨբԼֹͣ
?
Probably brake [bridle, curb] 
Ϊ brake [֣] 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
or Middle Low German [nose ring, curb, flax brake] * see  brake 2
 йŵ͵ص [ǻ] *μ brake2
?
Brakes, which are constantly becoming more technologically advanced,may take their name from a device associated with an earlier mode of transportation.It is thought that the 
termbrake  may come from an earlier English word brake,   meaning a bridle or curb, first recorded in the 16th century.In any case, the first recorded occurrence of our wordbrake  is 
found in 1772, well before the advent of the automobile.
բһֱڲϵصõĽȡ䷽ʽϵһװáΪbrake ԴڵӢʻ brake  ״γ16ָֻͣ
֮״μسֵĴʻbrake 1772걻֣ Զĳ
?
brake
brake 2
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
A toothed device for crushing and beating flax or hemp.
եʹľ߳װ
A heavy harrow for breaking clods of earth.
ңĴ
An apparatus for kneading large amounts of dough.
ƴϵе
A machine for bending and folding sheet metal.
ѹλѹ۵Ļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
braked,brak.ing,brakes 
To crush (flax or hemp) in a toothed device.
ѹեóװѹե飩
To break up (clods of earth) with a harrow.
ðҴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
from Middle Low German * see  bhreg- 
Դ йŵ͵ص *μ bhreg- 
?
brake
brake 3
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
A lever or handle on a machine such as a pump.
֣ϵĿ˱֣ϵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French brac [from oblique form of] bras [arm] * see  bracer 2
Դ ŷ brac  [] ԴbrasļӸʽ [] *μ bracer2
?
brake
brake 4
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
Any of various ferns of the genusPteris  having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants. 
βާһַβާ ާֲ״ҶһЩϲļֲͥ 
Any of certain other ferns, such as the bracken or the cliff brake.
ŷާާާ࣬ŷާާ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably back-formation from braken * see  bracken 
Դ brakenɴ *μ bracken
?
brake
brake 5
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
An area overgrown with dense brushwood, briers, and undergrowth; a thicket.
֣ܵĹľ²ֲﷱïĵشľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Low German * see  bhreg- 
Դ йŵ͵ص *μ bhreg- 
?
brake
brake 6
AHD:[br3k] 
D.J.[bre!k]
K.K.[brek]
n.ʣ
Variant of break 
 breakı 
v.Archaic ʣ 
A past tense of break 
 breakĹȥʽ

= =
branch
branch
AHD:[br2nch] 
D.J.[br#nt.]
K.K.[br#nt.]
n.Abbr. br.ʣд br.
A secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a tree or shrub or from another secondary limb.
֦ľɻһμ֦Ĵμ֦
A lateral division or subdivision of certain other plant parts, such as a root or flower cluster.
֦ĳЩֲﲿ֣򻨴صĲ֦μϸ
Something that resembles a branch of a tree, as in form or function, as:
֦״ڽṹ֦Ķ磺
A secondary outgrowth or subdivision of a main axis, such as the tine of a deer's antlers.
ֲ棺ϵĴμֲ֦¹Ǽ
Anatomy An offshoot or a division of the main portion of a structure, especially that of a nerve, blood vessel, or lymphatic vessel; a ramus.
ѧ ֧ĳһṹҪֵķֲָ֧񾭣Ѫܣܰ͹ܵģ֧
A limited part of a larger or more complex unit or system, especially:
֧֧һϴӵĵԪ޲֣رǣ
An area of specialized skill or knowledge, especially academic or vocational, that is related to but separate from other areas:
ţֿƣ⼼ܻ֪ʶָѧϻְҵϵķϵ
the judicial branch of government; the branch of medicine called neurology.
˾ţν֮Ϊ񾭲ѧҽѧ֦
A division of a business or other organization.
֧֧֣л֯ķ֧
A division of a family, categorized by descent from a particular ancestor.
֧ϵķ֧ضȵĺ
Linguistics A subdivision of a family of languages, such as the Germanic branch of Indo-European.
ѧ ֧ϵϵķ֧ӡŷϵն֧
A tributary of a river.
ӵ֧
Chiefly Southern U.S. See  creek See Regional Note at run 
ϲ μ  creek μ run
Chiefly Southern U.S. See  branch water 
ϲ μ  branch water 
A divergent section of a river, especially near the mouth.
֧ķֲ֣رǽӿڵ
Mathematics A part of a curve that is separated, as by discontinuities or extreme points.
ѧ ͼеһΣɲֵָߵһ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A sequence of program instructions to which the normal sequence of instructions relinquishes control, depending on the value of certain variables.
ָ֧гؿʱתĳָУĳЩȡֵ
The instructions executed as the result of such a passing of control.
ָ֧ֿƴݷʽĽִеָ
v.ʣ
branched,branch.ing,branch.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put forth a branch or branches; spread by dividing.
֦֧ͨ
To come forth as a branch or subdivision; develop or diverge from:
ɷ֦ϸֶγɣԡչֲɣ
an unpaved road that branches from the main road; a theory that branches from an older system of ideas.
ɵֲδС·ӽ˼ϵз֧
To enlarge the scope of one's interests, business, or activities:
ĳ˵Ȥҵ񣬻Χ
branch out from physics into related scientific fields.
ѧ굽ؿѧ
Computer Science To relinquish control to another set of instructions or another routine as a result of the presence of a branch.
ѧ ·ָ֧Ϊһָ֧ĴڶĶһָ򳣹ָķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To separate (something) into or as if into branches.
루ĳγɷ֦
To embroider (something) with a design of foliage or flowers.
壺Ҷӻ򻨵ͼΪĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French branche 
Դ ŷ branche 
from Late Latin branca [paw] 
Դ  branca [צ] 
[perhaps of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
branchless
adj.ݴʣ
branchy
adj.ݴʣ
?
branch,arm,fork,offshoot
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something resembling or structurally analogous to a limb of a tree: 
Щʵ˼ǡṹ֦Ķ 
a branch of a railroad;
·֧ߣ
an arm of the sea;
壻
the western fork of the river;

an offshoot of a mountain range. 
ɽ֧ 

= =
brand
brand
AHD:[br2nd] 
D.J.[br#nd]
K.K.[br#nd]
n.ʣ
A trademark or distinctive name identifying a product or a manufacturer.
̱꣺־һֲƷ̵̱
A product line so identified:
Ʒƣ˱ʶĲƷϵУ
a popular brand of soap.
һִϲķƷ
A distinctive category; a particular kind:
ͣеͣ
a brand of comedy that I do not care for.
Ҳϲһϲ
A mark indicating identity or ownership, burned on the hide of an animal with a hot iron.
ӡݻȨӡڶƤճ
A mark burned into the flesh of criminals.
Ӽǣﷸϵӡ
A mark of disgrace or notoriety; a stigma.See Synonyms at stain 
ıǣʾͳıǣμ stain
A branding iron.

A piece of burning or charred wood.
ȼյľͷճ̿ľͷ
A sword:

So flashed and fell the brand Excalibur(Tennyson)
˹(̹ɭ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
brand.ed,brand.ing,brands 
To mark with or as if with a hot iron.See Synonyms at mark 1
ӡûȵǲμ mark1
To mark with disgrace or infamy; stigmatize.
ϳõӡ
To impress firmly; fix ineradicably:
̣ǣι̵ӡ󣻴ϲĥӡǣ
Imagery of the war has branded itself into the national consciousness.
սӡԺ
?
Middle English [torch] 
йӢ [] 
from Old English * see  g wher- 
Դ Ӣ *μ g wher- 
?
brander
n.ʣ

= =
brandy
bran.dy
AHD:[br2nd?] 
D.J.[6br#ndi8]
K.K.[6br#ndi]
n.ʣ
 bran.dies 
An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.
أѾƻ򷢽͹֭һֺƾҾ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bran.died,bran.dy.ing,bran.dies 
To preserve, flavor, or mix with brandy.
ѡڰؾУðؾƱ桢ζ
?
Short for brandy-wine 
 brandy-wineļд 
from Dutch brandewijn 
Դ  brandewijn 
brandende [present participle of] branden [to burn] * see  g wher- 
brandende  [] brandenڷִ [ȼ] *μ g wher- 
wijn [wine] * see  wine 
wijn [Ѿ] *μ wine

= =
brass
brass
AHD:[br2s] 
D.J.[br#s]
K.K.[br#s]
n.ʣ
A yellowish alloy of copper and zinc, sometimes including small amounts of other metals, but usually 67 percent copper and 33 percent zinc.
ͭһֻɫͭпϽʱͨΪ67%ͭ33%п
Ornaments, objects, or utensils made of this alloy.
ͭƷֺϽƵװƷ
Often brasses Music 
  brasses ֡ 
The section of a band or an orchestra composed of brass instruments.
֣ͭɻͭһ
Brass instruments or their players considered as a group.
ֶͭͭ
A memorial plaque or tablet made of brass, especially one on which an effigy is incised.
ͭңͭƵļңָ
A bushing or similar lining for a bearing, made from a copper alloy.
ͭ׻ͭĵ棺ͭϽƵ߻Ͳʽĵ
Informal Bold self-assurance; effrontery.
ʽ ޳ܣ³çҿ϶޳
Slang High-ranking military officers or other high officials.
ٵ ߼٣߼Ա߼ٻ߼Ա
Chiefly British Money.
Ӣ Ǯ
?
Middle English bras 
йӢ bras 
from Old English br?s 
Դ Ӣ br?s 
?
brass
adj.ݴʣ

= =
brave
brave
AHD:[br3v] 
D.J.[bre!v]
K.K.[brev]
adj.ݴʣ
brav.er,brav.est 
Possessing or displaying courage; valiant.
¸ҵģлԳģ¸ҵ
Making a fine display; impressive or showy:
ģĻģ
a coat of brave red lipstick on a mouth so wrinkled that it didn't even have a clear outline(Anne Tyler)
Ϳüûϵһ޺ɫࡱ(ݡ̩)
Excellent; great:
ģΰģ
The Romans were like brothers/In the brave days of old(Macaulay)
ͬ/ھʱΰ()
n.ʣ
A Native American warrior.
սʿ
A courageous person.
¸ҵ
Archaic A bully.
 ͽ
v.ʣ
braved,brav.ing,braves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To undergo or face courageously.
¸ҵش»
To challenge; dare:
սڣ
Together they would brave Satan and all his legions(Emily Bront?)
Ǿ͸սоš()
Obsolete To make showy or splendid.
 ʹԻ
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To make a courageous show or to put up a stalwart front.
¸״һ̵ǰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian 
Դ  
or Old Spanish bravo [wild, brave, excellent] 
  bravo [Ұģ¸ҵģ] 
probably from Vulgar Latin *brabus 
Դ  *brabus 
from Latin barbarus * see  barbarous 
Դ  barbarus *μ barbarous
?
bravely
adv.ʣ
braveness
n.ʣ
?
brave,courageous,fearless,intrepid,bold,audacious,valiant,valorous,doughty,mettlesome,plucky,dauntless,undaunted
These adjectives all mean having or showing courage under difficult or dangerous conditions.
Щݴ˼ڼѻΣյʾ
 Brave,   the least specific,is frequently associated with an innate quality: 
 Brave  巶Χ㣬ʹ 
Familiarity with danger makes a brave man braver, but less daring  (Herman Melville).
 ϤΣʹʿ¸ң³ç նά
 Courageous   implies an act of consciously rising to a specific test by drawing on a reserve of inner strength: 
 Courages  һʶͦĳֿΪ 
The young platoon leader set a courageous example for his soldiers by leading them safely into and out of jungle territory held by the enemy.
ųʿȫоƵĴֵشΪһ¸ҵİ
Fearless   emphasizes absence of fear and resolute self-possession: 
Fearless  ǿη;侲 
world-class [boating] races for fearless loners willing to face the distinct possibility of being run down, dismasted, capsized, attacked by whales   (Jo Ann Morse Ridley).
 ΪԸײ۶Φˡ㸲ͱԿԵη߶е缶   ԼĪ˹
 Intrepid   sometimes suggests invulnerability to fear: 
 Intrepid  ʱָΪ 
Intrepid pioneers settled the American West.
ηӡ
Bold   stresses not only readiness to meet danger or difficulty but often also a tendency to seek it out: 
Bold  ǿΣͬʱҲָҳΣڵһ 
If we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at the hazard of their lives . . . then bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by  (Theodore Roosevelt).
 ǴӼҶԿǰֶԿеıսʤվô󵨶ǿǽǡ ¶ࡤ˹
 Audacious   implies extreme confidence and boldness: 
 Andacious  ĺʹ󵨣 
To demand these God-given rights is to seek black powerwhat I call audacious power  (Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.).
 츳ȨҪõ˵ȨҰΪ󵨵Ȩ Сǵǡ
 Valiant,   said principally of persons, suggests the bravery of a hero or a heroine: 
 Valiant  Ҫָˣ˵ӢۻŮӢ۵¸ң 
a sympathetic and detailed biography that sees Hemingway as a valiant and moral man  (New York Times).
 һͬĺϸĴǣ˵һ¸ҵĺеµˡ ŦԼʱ
 Valorous   applies to the deeds of heros and heroines: 
 Valorous  ӢۻŮӢ۵¼ 
Her passengers, the other hostages, will never forget her calm, confident, valorous work  (William W. Bradley).
 ĳ˿ͣʣԶ侲ġŵġ¸ҵľٶ W
 Doughty,   a bit old-fashioned in flavor and often used humorously, suggests stalwartness: 
 Doughty  ڷЩʱȽĬ˵ǿ 
The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.
ǿþ޴뼲
Mettlesome   stresses spirit and love of challenge: 
Mettlesome  رʾսȰս 
The mettlesome actress resumed her career after recovering from a stroke.
зָ󣬼ǿŮԱ¿ʼġ
Plucky   emphasizes spirit and heart in the face of unfavorable odds: 
Plucky  ǿʱľ 
Everybody was . . . anxious to show these Belgians what England thought of their plucky little country  (H.G. Wells).
 ÿ˶ʾʱ˿ӢοǿСҵġ H.G.ʿ
 Dauntless   refers to courage that resists subjection or intimidation: 
 Dauntless  ָܾв 
So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,/ There never was knight like the young Lochinvar  (Sir Walter Scott).
 ԰ҳϣս޾壬/ûһʿ ֶء˹ز
 Undaunted   suggests courage and resolve that persist after being put to the test: 
 Undaunted  ˵ֵܿ;ģ 
Death and sorrow will be the companions of our journey; hardship our garment; constancy and valor our only shield. We must be united, we must be undaunted, we must be inflexible
  (Winston S. Churchill).See also Synonyms at  defy 
 ˽ǵọ́ǵ£ΨһĶơǱǱη壬Ǳǿ ˹S𼪶μͬ
 defy

= =
bread
bread
AHD:[brd] 
D.J.[bred]
K.K.[brWd]
n.ʣ
A staple food made from flour or meal mixed with other dry and liquid ingredients, usually combined with a leavening agent, and kneaded, shaped into loaves, and baked.
ۻĥ̬ҺԭϻƳɵʳͨĸ֮ɿٺ濾
Food in general, regarded as necessary for sustaining life:
ʳָάʳ
If bread is the first necessity of life, recreation is a close second(Edward Bellamy)
ĵһҪֽΪڶҪ(»)
Something that nourishes; sustenance:
ӪӪ
My bread shall be the anguish of my mind(Edmund Spenser)
ҵӦĵʹࡱ(ɡ˹)
Means of support; livelihood:
ƣı֮
earn one's bread.
ı
Slang Money.
ٵ Ǯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bread.ed,bread.ing,breads 
To coat with bread crumbs, as before cooking:
ڡммǰ
breaded the fish fillets.
мƬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?d * see  bhreu- 
Դ Ӣ br?d *μ bhreu- 
N., sense 3b, possibly from Cockney rhyming slang bread and honey 
3bԴ ׶ضͬٵ bread and honey 

= =
breadth
breadth
AHD:[brdth] 
D.J.[bredG]
K.K.[brWdG]
n.ʣ
Abbr. b. The measure or dimension from side to side; width.
д b.ȣȣһߵһߵĳߴΧ
A piece usually produced in a standard width:
棬һñ׼ϣ
a breadth of canvas.
һ
Wide range or scope:
ȻΧ
breadth of knowledge.
Ԩ֪ʶ
Tolerance; broadmindedness:
ݣ
a jurist of great breadth and wisdom.
һǳǵķ
An effect of unified, encompassing vision in an artistic composition.
ۻЧƷгΪһġƵӾЧ
?
Middle English breth 
йӢ breth 
from brede 
Դ brede 
on the model of length [length] 
 length [] 

= =
breakdown
break.down
AHD:[br3kdoun] 
D.J.[6bre!k7da&n]
K.K.[6brek7da&n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of failing to function or continue.
𻵣ֹͣ˶ûټΪ
The condition resulting from this:
ϣɴ˶µ״
a breakdown in communication.
ͨŹ
Electricity The abrupt failure of an insulator or insulating medium to restrict the flow of current.
ѧ ԵԵͻȻ޷ֹͨ
A typically sudden collapse in physical or mental health.
˥ߣ͵񽡿ͻȻ˥
An analysis, an outline, or a summary consisting of itemized data or essentials.
ҪһгݻҪصķҪܽ
Disintegration or decomposition into parts or elements.
ֽ⣨ãֽΪֻҪ
A noisy, energetic American country dance.
ק裺һ֡赸

= =
breakfast
break.fast
AHD:[brkfst] 
D.J.[6brekf*st]
K.K.[6brWkf*st]
n.ʣ
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.
ͣһĵһٷͨ糿
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a breakfast nook; the breakfast dishes.
͵ǽǣ͵Ĳ
v.ʣ
break.fast.ed,break.fast.ing,break.fasts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To eat breakfast:
ͣ
We breakfasted on the terrace.
̨ϳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide breakfast for.
򡭹Ӧ
?
Middle English brekfast 
йӢ brekfast 
breken [to break] * see  break 
breken [] *μ break
faste [a fast]  from Old Norse fasta [to fast] * see  past- 
faste [ի䣨ڣ]  Դ ˹ά fasta [ի䣬ʳ] *μ past- 
?
breakfaster
n.ʣ

= =
breast
breast
AHD:[brst] 
D.J.[brest]
K.K.[brWst]
n.ʣ
Either of two milk-secreting, glandular organs on the chest of a woman; the human mammary gland.
鷿٣Ůز֭״֮һ˵
A corresponding organ in other mammals.
ظ鶯Ӧ
A corresponding rudimentary gland in the male.
˻鷿Ӧ˻鷿
The superior ventral surface of the human body, extending from the neck to the abdomen.
ز棬Ӳ쵽
A corresponding part in other animals.
ظӦ
The part of a garment that covers the chest.
·ģزز·Ĳ
The seat of affection and emotion:
ѣػ㺺͸ľ
Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast(Shakespeare)
ҵǳˡ(ɯʿ)
A source of nourishment.
ӪԴȪ
Something likened to the human breast:
Ϊظĳ
the breast of a hill.
ɽ
The face of a mine or tunnel.
棺úصĹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
breast.ed,breast.ing,breasts 
To rise over; climb:
ߣʵǣ
He breasted a rise and looked down. He was at the head of a small valley(Ken Follett)
ϸߴ¿վһСɽȵĶϡ(ϡ)
To encounter or advance against resolutely; confront boldly.
ԣ롭롭ԿԾ¸ҵ
To push against with or as if with the breast.
ͦӭϣԻظԡ
?
Middle English brest 
йӢ brest 
from Old English br?t 
Դ Ӣ br?t 

= =
breath
breath
AHD:[brth] 
D.J.[breG]
K.K.[brWG]
n.ʣ
The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration.
ĿںͺĿ
The act or process of breathing; respiration.
ãΪ̣
The capacity to breathe, especially in a natural and unlabored manner.
ָȻѾķʽ
Spirit or vitality; life.

A single respiration:
һκ
a deep breath.
һ
Exhaled air, as evidenced by vapor, odor, or heat.
Ŀͨˮζʾ
A momentary pause or rest.
ЪСʱֹͣϢ
A momentary stirring of air.
˲
A slight gust of fragrant air.
ζĸ
A trace or suggestion.
ʾ
A softly spoken sound; a whisper.
΢˵
Linguistics Exhalation of air without vibration of the vocal cords, as in the articulation ofp  and s.  
ѧ Ϣڷp  s ʱ 
?
in one breath 
in the same breath
At or almost at the same time.
ͬʱ̣ڻ򼸺ͬʱ
out of breath
Breathing with difficulty, as from exertion; gasping.
٣ѣþȫʱ
under (one's) breath
In a muted voice or whisper.
ѹɤ˵΢ɤ˵
?
Middle English breth 
йӢ breth 
from Old English br?h * see  g whr?- 
Դ Ӣ br?h *μ g whr?- 

= =
breathe
breathe
AHD:[br?Y] 
D.J.[bri8H]
K.K.[briH]
v.ʣ
breathed,breath.ing,breathes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To inhale and exhale air, especially when naturally and freely.
ָȻغ
To be alive; live.See Synonyms at be 
ţμ be
To pause to rest or regain breath:
СһЪЪ
Give me a moment to breathe.
һ򴭴
To move or blow gently, as air.

To allow air to pass through:
͸ͨ磺ÿ͸
a natural fabric that breathes.
͸Ȼά
To be exhaled or emanated, as a fragrance.
ɢ
To be manifested or suggested, as an idea or feeling:
¶˼롢¶
A sense of calm breathed from the landscape.
Ǿɫ͸ƽ
To reach fullness of flavor and aroma through exposure to air. Used chiefly of wine.
ɢ¶ڿжָ
To require air in the combustion process. Used of an internal-combustion engine.
Ҫȼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To inhale and exhale (air, for example) during respiration.
ںͺ
To inhale (an aroma, for example):

breathe the lush scent of lilacs.
϶ζ
To impart as if by breathing; instill:
գע룺
an artist who knows how to breathe life into a portrait.
ΰע뻭е
To exhale (something); emit.
ɢ
To utter, especially quietly; whisper:
ָƽ¶
Don't breathe a word of this.
һֶҲ˵
To make apparent or manifest; suggest:
ʹԵģʹһĿȻģʾ
Their manner breathed self-satisfaction.
ǵľֹ͸
To allow (a person or animal) to rest or regain breath.
˻СЪ
Linguistics To utter with a voiceless exhalation of air.
ѧ 
To draw in (air) for the combustion process. Used of an internal-combustion engine.
ȼչȼ
?
breathe down (someone's) neck
To threaten by proximity, especially by pursuing closely.
ввָƽ׷ŵв
To watch or monitor closely, often annoyingly:
ܼӣܵؼӣָպ޵أ
The boss was breathing down my neck all morning.
ϰ綼ض
breathe easily 
breathe easy  
breathe freely
To be relaxed or relieved, especially after a period of tension.
һָһʱĽźɻ
breathe (one's) last
To die.

?
Middle English brethen 
йӢ brethen 
from breth [breath] * see  breath 
Դ breth [] *μ breath
?
breathable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
breed
breed
AHD:[br?d] 
D.J.[bri8d]
K.K.[brid]
v.ʣ
bred[brd] breed.ing,breeds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To produce (offspring); give birth to or hatch.

To bring about; engender.

To cause to reproduce, especially by controlled mating and selection:
Ʒָ֣ͨ˹ѡ֣ʹ
breed cattle.
ʹţ
To develop new or improved strains in (organisms), chiefly through controlled mating and selection of offspring for desirable traits.
䣺ָͨ˹ѡչµĻл壩Ʒ
To mate with.
롭
To rear or train; bring up.
ѵ
To produce (fissionable material) in a breeder reactor.
ѱʣֳֳָӦѱʣ
To be the place of origin of.
ǡĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce offspring.

To originate and thrive:
ֳʢ
Fads breed in empty heads and full purses.
ʱдӿͷԺ͹͵Ǯв
n.ʣ
A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinguishable characteristics, especially a group within a species developed by artificial selection and maintained by 
controlled propagation.
һȺӵйͬȺл壬ָͬһֵһȺͨ˹ѡչͨпƵķֳά
A kind; a sort:
ࣻͣ
a new breed of politician; a new breed of computer.
ڲͬμң͵ļ
?
breed a scab on (one's) nose 
breed scabs on (one's) nose ġ
To stir up trouble for oneself.
ΪԼ鷳
breed up a stormӢ
To become cloudy.See Regional Note at fair 1
ܲμ fair1
?
Middle English breden 
йӢ breden 
from Old English br?n * see  bhreu- 
Դ Ӣ br?n *μ bhreu- 

= =
breeze
breeze 1
AHD:[br?z] 
D.J.[bri8z]
K.K.[briz]
n.ʣ
A light current of air; a gentle wind.
΢磬磺΢Ŀ΢
Meteorology Any of five winds with speeds of from 4 to 31 miles (6 to 50 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.
ѧ 26ķ磺Ѹ缶ٶȴÿСʱ431Ӣ(650ַһ
Informal Something, such as a task, that is easy to do.
ʽ 飬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
breezed,breez.ing,breez.es 
To blow lightly.
ش
Informal To progress swiftly and effortlessly:
ʽ ɵȡý
We breezed through the test.
ȫͨ˲
To sprint around a racetrack as a means of exercise. Used of a racehorse.
ޣСܣܵСΪһֶ;
?
shoot the breezeٵ
To engage in idle conversation.
ģĵ̸
?
Perhaps from Old Spanish briza [northeast wind] 
Դ  briza [] 
?
breeze,cinch,pushover,snap,walkaway,walkover
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something that is easily accomplished: 
Щʹͬǡ׾ɵ顱 
The exam was a breeze.
Ժ׹
Chopping onions is a cinch with a food processor.
ʳƷӹһɵĹ
Winning the playoffs was no pushover.
ȡüʱʤɲһ¡
The new computer program was a snap to learn.
µļѧᡣ
Getting elected to the council was a walkaway.
ѡǼ¡
It wasn't any walkover to alphabetize all those names. 
ĸ˳ЩֶгһɵĹ 
?
breeze
breeze 2
AHD:[br?z] 
D.J.[bri8z]
K.K.[briz]
n.ʣ
The refuse left when coke or charcoal is made.
̿úм̿ľ̿ɺʣµ
?
Probably from French braise [hot coals] 
Դ  braise [ú] 
from Old French brese 
Դ ŷ brese 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhreu- 
[Դն] *μ bhreu- 

= =
bribe
bribe
AHD:[brob] 
D.J.[bra!b]
K.K.[bra!b]
n.ʣ
Something, such as money or a favor, offered or given to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct.
¸ṩĳеλӰ۵Ϊ壬Ǯô
Something serving to influence or persuade.
¸ƷӰ˵ˣĶ
v.ʣ
bribed,brib.ing,bribes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give, offer, or promise a bribe to.
ĳˣлߣ衢ṩŵ¸
To gain influence over or corrupt by bribery.
û¸ã¸Ӱ򸯰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give, offer, or promise bribes.
лߣ衢ṩŵ¸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [piece of bread given as alms] 
Դ ŷ [ʩһƬ] 
?
bribable
adj.ݴʣ
briber
n.ʣ

= =
brick
brick
AHD:[br1k] 
D.J.[br!k]
K.K.[br!k]
n.ʣ
 bricks  brick  
A molded rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln until hard and used as a building and paving material.
ש飺̫»Ҥ濾ӲģƳש·Ĳ
An object shaped like such a block:
ש״壺״Ӳ壺
a brick of cheese.
һ
Informal A helpful, reliable person.
ʽ ˣ˵ġɿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a brick wall; brick ice cream.
һשǽܿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bricked,brick.ing,bricks 
To construct, line, or pave with bricks.
ש졢
To close or wall with brick:
שΧסס
bricked up the windows of the old house.
שסɷӵĴ
?
drop a brickʽ
To make a clumsy social error.
ŵ罻
?
Middle English brike 
йӢ brike 
from Middle Dutch bricke 
Դ йź bricke 
?
bricky
adj.ݴʣ

= =
bridge
bridge 1
AHD:[br1j] 
D.J.[br!d9]
K.K.[br!d9]
n.ʣ
A structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier, such as a river or roadway.
ţڹֻϰϣ·ϣͨĽ
Something resembling or analogous to this structure in form or function:
״ƵĽ
a land bridge between the continents; a bridge of understanding between two countries.
Ӵ½½ţ֮以½Ŧ
The upper bony ridge of the human nose.
˱ǵ϶˹
The part of a pair of eyeglasses that rests against this ridge.
۾ıܣ۾ڱϵǲ
A fixed or removable replacement for one or several but not all of the natural teeth, usually anchored at each end to a natural tooth.
ţ̶Ļƶļͨ˶ס
Music 
֡ 
A thin, upright piece of wood in some stringed instruments that supports the strings above the soundboard.
ĳЩϵϸֱľƬ֧Źϵ
A transitional passage connecting two subjects or movements.
ֽڣϵ
Nautical A crosswise platform or enclosed area above the main deck of a ship from which the ship is controlled.
 ¥ʻ̨ţ¥ļʻϺƽ̨ղ
Games 
Ϸ 
A piece of wood used to steady the cue in billiards.Also called  rest 1
˼ܣ̨ʱ̶˵ľҲ  rest1
The hand used as a support to steady the cue.
֧ʹ̶֮
Electricity 
ѧ 
Any of various instruments for measuring or comparing the characteristics, such as impedance or inductance, of a conductor.
ţȽϵ衢Ӧ
An electrical shunt.

Chemistry An intramolecular connection that spans atoms or groups of atoms.
ѧ ţָڲԭԭӼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bridged,bridg.ing,bridg.es 
To build a bridge over.
ڡ֮
To cross by or as if by a bridge.
ͨź
?
Middle English brigge 
йӢ brigge 
from Old English brycg * see  bhr?- 
Դ Ӣ brycg *μ bhr?- 
?
bridgeable
adj.ݴʣ
?
bridge
bridge 2
AHD:[br1j] 
D.J.[br!d9]
K.K.[br!d9]
n.Games ʣϷ 
Any of several card games derived from whist and played with one deck of cards divided equally among usually four people.
ƣһɻ˹Ϸչ˿Ϸʱͨһƽָĸ
?
From earlier biritch  influenced by bridge 1
Դ  biritch   bridge1Ӱ 
from Russian birich [a call] 
Դ  birich [] 

= =
brief
brief
AHD:[br?f] 
D.J.[bri8f]
K.K.[brif]
adj.ݴʣ
brief.er,brief.est 
Short in time, duration, length, or extent.
̵ģָʱ䡢ڼ䡢Ȼȶ̵
Succinct; concise:
ģҪģ
a brief account of the incident.
¼̵ĳ
Curt; abrupt.
ģͻ
n.ʣ
A short, succinct statement.
̣Ҫĳ
A condensation or an abstract of a larger document or series of documents.
ҪժҪһݽϳļһϵļҪŨ
Abbr. br.Law 
д br.ɡ 
A formal outline listing main contentions along with supporting evidence and documentation.
绤״Ҫ۵㣬֤ݺʽҪ
A document containing all the facts and points of law pertinent to a specific case, filed by an attorney before arguing the case in court.
Ҫ㣬ժҪ밸йص֤ݡ۵ļʦͥʱ
Roman Catholic Church A papal letter that is not as formal as a bull.
̡ ̻ͨͣͨ͢뺣̻گĽ̻ͨ
A briefing.

briefs Short, tight-fitting underpants.
 briefs Ķڿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
briefed,brief.ing,briefs 
To summarize.
ܽ
To give concise preparatory instructions, information, or advice to:
򡭼ҪָϢ飺
briefed the astronauts before the mission.
жǰ򵥵Ա
?
in brief
In short.
֮
?
Middle English bref 
йӢ bref 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin brevis 
Դ  brevis 
N., Middle English bref [written communication] 
ʣ йӢ bref [ͨ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin breve 
Դ  breve 
from Latin [neuter of] brevis [short] * see  mregh-u- 
Դ   [] brevis [̵] *μ mregh-u- 
?
briefer
n.ʣ
briefly
adv.ʣ
briefness
n.ʣ

= =
bright
bright
AHD:[brot] 
D.J.[bra!t]
K.K.[bra!t]
adj.ݴʣ
bright.er,bright.est 
Emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts; shining.
ģģҫ
Comparatively high on the scale of brightness.
Ƚϸߵ
Full of light or illumination:
ģ
a bright sunny day; a stage bright with spotlights.
õһ죻۹յ̨ͨ
Characterizing a dyestuff that produces a highly saturated color; brilliant.
ģӡȾŨȸߵɫʵȾϵģ
Glorious; splendid:
ԺյģԻ͵ģ
one of the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history.
̨Ļһ貵ǳʷϵĻԻһ
Full of promise and hope; auspicious:
ǰģϣģʢģ
had a bright future in publishing.
ҵӵйδ
Happy; cheerful:
Ҹģģ
bright faces.

Animatedly clever; intelligent.
ģϻ۵
High and clear:
ģ
the bright sound of the trumpet section.
ȴಿָ߿
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English beorht * see  bherg- 
Դ Ӣ beorht *μ bherg- 
?
bright  
brightly
adv.ʣ
?
bright,brilliant,radiant,lustrous,lambent,luminous,incandescent,effulgent
These adjectives refer to what emits or reflects light.
ЩݴʶָâĶ
 Bright   is the most general: 
 Bright  ͨ 
bright sunshine;
õ⣻
a bright blue;
ɫ
bright teeth.
ݡ
Brilliant   implies intense brightness and often suggests sparkling, glittering, or gleaming light: 
Brilliant  Ⱥǿ˼ָҫġ˸Ĺ⣺ 
a brilliant color;
Żҽ
a brilliant gemstone.  Something that isradiant  radiates or seems to radiate light:  
ҫԵıʯ һradiant ĶƷâ  
a radiant sunrise;
âճ
a radiant smile. A 
õ΢Цһ 
 lustrous   object originates no light but reflects an agreeable sheen: 
 lustrous  屾⣬˵Ĺ 
thick, lustrous auburn hair;
Ũܷĺɫͷ
a necklace of lustrous pearls.
һ
Lambent   applies to a soft, flickering light: 
Lambent  ָ͵ġ˸Ĺ⣺ 
its tranquil streets, bathed in the lambent green of budding trees  (James C. McKinley).
 ǰĽֵԡľѿ̵С ղķ˹C
 Luminous   refers broadly to what shines with light but is said especially of something that glows in the dark: 
 Luminous  ָҫŹĶָҹ﷢ 
The watch has a luminous dial.
ָֻ̿Է⡣
Incandescent   stresses burning brilliance, as of something white-hot: 
Incandescent  ǿȼհĳȣȻĶ 
Flames consist of incandescent gases.
溬гȵ塣
Effulgent   suggests splendid radiance: 
Effulgent  ָõĹԣ 
The crocus, the snowdrop, and the effulgent daffodil are considered bright harbingers of spring  (John Gould).See also Synonyms at  intelligent 
 غ컨ѩˮɻǴĹԤס Լ߶£μͬ intelligent
?
Bright
Bright
AHD:[brot] John (1811-1889) 
D.J.[bra!t]
K.K.[bra!t]
NONE޴ԣ
British politician and noted orator who was a founder of the Anti-Corn Law League (1839).
أԼ(1811-1889) ӢμҺ˵ңǷ﷨˵һˣ1839꣩

= =
brighten
bright.en
AHD:[brotn] 
D.J.[6bra!tn]
K.K.[6bra!t2]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
bright.ened,bright.en.ing,bright.ens 
To make or become bright or brighter.
⣬ʹ÷
?
brightener
n.ʣ

= =
brilliant
bril.liant
AHD:[br1lynt] 
D.J.[6br!lj*nt]
K.K.[6br!lj*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Full of light; shining.See Synonyms at bright 
ԵģģģҫĲμ bright
Color Relating to or being a hue that has a combination of high lightness and strong saturation.
ɫʡ ģ޵ģһָȺǿͶȽϵɫʵĻ֮ص
Sharp and clear in tone.

Glorious; magnificent:
Ի͵ģ׳ģ
the brilliant court life at Versailles.
͢ݻ
Superb; wonderful:
Ⱥģܳģ
The soloist gave a brilliant performance.
Ա׿Խı
Marked by unusual and impressive intellectual acuteness:
ŻģӱģֳѰĺģ
a brilliant mind; a brilliant solution to the problem.See Synonyms at intelligent 
һϻ۵ͷԣһĳɫİ취μ intelligent
n.ʣ
A precious gem, especially a diamond, finely cut in any of various forms with numerous facets.
ʯһ־ϸиɶĸʽıʯָʯ
?
French brillant [present participle of] briller [to shine] 
 brillant  [] brillerڷִ [ҫ] 
from Italian brillare 
Դ  brillare 
perhaps from brillo [beryl] 
Դ brillo [̱ʯ] 
from Latin beryllus * see  beryl 
Դ  beryllus *μ beryl
?
brilliantly
adv.ʣ
brilliantness
n.ʣ

= =
brim
brim
AHD:[br1m] 
D.J.[br!m]
K.K.[br!m]
n.ʣ
The rim or uppermost edge of a hollow container or natural basin.
أԵǳȻصıԵϱ
A projecting rim or edge:
ͻıػԵ
the brim of a hat.
ñ
A border or an edge.See Synonyms at border 
߽Եμ border
v.ʣ
brimmed,brim.ming,brims 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be full to the brim.
ӯ
To overflow:

The cup is brimming over with chowder.
ʢĸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill to the brim.
װע䵽
?
Middle English brimme 
йӢ brimme 

= =
bring
bring
AHD:[br1ng] 
D.J.[br!0]
K.K.[br!0]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
brought[br?t] bring.ing,brings 
To take with oneself to a place:

brought enough money with me.
㹻Ǯ
To carry as an attribute or contribution:
ĳԣĳã
You bring many years of experience to your new post.
Ѷķḻ¸λ
To lead or force into a specified state, situation, or location:
£ʹһض״̬λλã
bring the water to a boil; brought the meeting to a close.
ˮտ
To persuade; induce:
ȰȰգ
The defendant's testimony brought others to confess.
֤ʹ涼̹
To get the attention of; attract:
𡭵ע⣻
Smoke and flames brought the neighbors.
Ũ̺ͻھǵע
To cause to occur as a consequence or concomitant:
£Ϊ·
Floods brought destruction to the valley. A chill can bring on a cold.
ˮɽ˴ֺܺᵼ¸ð
To cause to become apparent to the mind; recall:
𣬻䣺ʹԺб䣺
This music brings back memories.
ֻҵļ
Law To advance or set forth (charges) in a court.
ɡ ϣڷͥ루ϣ
To sell for:
۵ã
a portrait that brought a million dollars.
һһԪĻ
?
bring around  
bring round
To cause to adopt an opinion or take a certain course of action.
˵ʹĳ飬ʹȡĳж
To cause to recover consciousness.
ʹָ֪
bring down
To cause to fall or collapse.
ʹ£ʹ
To kill.
ɱ
bring forth
To give rise to; produce:
𣻲
plants bringing forth fruit.
ֲ
To give birth to (young).

bring forward
To present; produce:
ϣ
bring forward proof.
ύ֤
Accounting To carry (a sum) from one page or column to another.
ѧ תҳתѣ֣תҳ
bring in
Law To give or submit (a verdict) to a court.
ɡ þ
To produce, yield, or earn (profits or income).
ã룩
bring off
To accomplish:
ʵ֣ɣ
bring off a successful advertising campaign.
Ӯһս
bring on
To cause to appear:
ʹ֣
brought on the dessert.

bring out
To reveal or expose:
ʾ¶
brought out the facts.
¶ʵ
To introduce (a debutante) to society.
ѣ罻Ů罻
To produce or publish:
Ƴ棺
bring out a new book.
һ
To nurture and develop (a quality, for example) to best advantage:
ֲһƷʣʹѾ磺
You bring out the best in me.
ʹҰԼõķ涼ӳ
bring to
To cause to recover consciousness.
ʹָ֪
Nautical To cause (a ship) to turn into the wind or come to a stop.
 ʹ˳ŷʹͣʻ
bring up
To take care of and educate (a child); rear.
ϣС
To introduce into discussion; mention.
ѡۣᵽ
To vomit.
Ż
To cause to come to a sudden stop.
ʹͻȻͣ
?
bring down the house
To win overwhelming approval from an audience.
ȫڵĺȲ
bring home
To make perfectly clear:
ʹʮ
a lecture that brought home several important points.
ؽ˼ҪĽ
bring to bear
To exert; apply:
ãӦã
bring pressure to bear on the student's parents.
ѧҳʩѹ
To put (something) to good use:
ֵãĳ
All of one's faculties are brought to bear in an effort to become fully incorporated into the landscape(Barry Lopez)
һŬȫ뾰ɫʱеõֵķӡ(˹)
bring to light
To reveal or disclose:
ʾ¶
brought the real facts to light.
ʵ¶
bring to mind
To cause to be remembered:
ʹס
Thoughts of fishing brought to mind our youth.
ͷʹǵʱ
bring to (one's) knees
To reduce to a position of subservience or submission.
¹һֱʾ˳Ľ
bring to terms
To force (another) to agree.
ǿȣˣͬ
bring up the rear
To be the last in a line or sequence.
󣬶Ϻ󣺶леһ
?
Middle English bringen 
йӢ bringen 
from Old English bringan * see  bher- 1
Դ Ӣ bringan *μ bher- 1
?
bringer
n.ʣ
?
In most dialects of American Englishbring  is used to denote motion toward the place of speaking or the place from which the action is regarded:  
ʽӢĴbring ָ˵ڴƶйжĵصƶ  
Bring it over here.

The prime minister brought a large retinue to Washington with her.Take  
˴ʢ١Take  
 is used to denote motion away from such a place: 
ָ뿪ָĵصƶ 
Take it over there.
ȥ
The President will take several advisers with him when he goes to Moscow. 
ͳȥĪ˹ʱҪ߼ʡ 
 When the relevant point of focus is not the place of speaking itself,the difference obviously depends on the context.We can say eitherThe labor leaders brought  or took their requests 
to the mayor's office,   depending on whether we want to describe things from the point of view of the labor leaders or the mayor.Perhaps for this reason, the distinction betweenbring  
and take  has been blurred in some areas; a parent may say of a child, for example, 
עص㲻ָ˵ڴʱȻǿжϡǿ˵The labor leaders brought  took their requests to the mayor's office쵼ǵҪȥг
칫ң  ȡǴӹ쵼ĽǶȻǴгĽǶȳҲԭbring  take ֮һЩǺԣ 磬ҳ˵ĺӣ 
She always takes a pile of books home with her from school. 
ڷѧؼһ顣 
 This usage may sound curious to those who are accustomed to observe the distinction more strictly,but it bears no particular stigma of incorrectness or illiteracy. The formbrung  is 
common in colloquial use in many areas, even among educated speakers, but it is not acceptable for use in formal writing.
һ÷Ҳϰϸʵе֣ⲻ˵÷ȷ﷨brung ʽںܶĿУܹм䣬ձʹá 
ʽǲ

= =
brisk
brisk
AHD:[br1sk] 
D.J.[br!sk]
K.K.[br!sk]
adj.ݴʣ
brisk.er,brisk.est 
Marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic:
ģõģΪġĺлģģ
had a brisk walk in the park.See Synonyms at nimble 
ڹ԰μ nimble
Keen or sharp in speech or manner:
̱ģԴǻʽģ
a brisk greeting.
̵ף
Stimulating and invigorating:
̼ĺʹ˷ܵģ
a brisk wind.

Pleasantly zestful:
Ũҿɿڵģ
a brisk tea.
ɿڵĲ
?
[Probably of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
briskly
adv.ʣ
briskness
n.ʣ

= =
bristle
bris.tle
AHD:[br1sl] 
D.J.[6br!s*l]
K.K.[6br!s*l]
n.ʣ
A stiff hair.
ë
v.ʣ
bris.tled,bris.tling,bris.tles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stand stiffly on end like bristles:
ëһֱ
The hair on the dog's neck bristled.
ϵë
To raise the bristles:
ë
The cat bristled at the sight of the large dog.
һֻ󹷣èϵë
To react in an angry or offended manner:
ŭðķʽӦ
The author bristled at the suggestion of plagiarism.
ǸұϮĽ鼤ŭ
To be covered or thick with or as if with bristles:
ûøëŻ
The path bristled with thorns.See Synonyms at teem 1
Сμ teem1
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to stand erect like bristles; stiffen.
ʹӲʹëһֱʹӲ
To furnish or supply with bristles.
䱸ṩë״
To ruffle; disturb.
ŭ
?
Middle English bristel 
йӢ bristel 
probably from Old English *byrstel 
Դ Ӣ *byrstel 
from byrst [bristle] 
Դ byrst [ë] 

= =
brittle
brit.tle
AHD:[br1tl] 
D.J.[6br!tl]
K.K.[6br!t1]
adj.ݴʣ
brit.tler,brit.tlest 
Likely to break, snap, or crack, as when subjected to pressure:
ģѹܴ顢ѻƵģ
brittle bones.
Ĺͷ
Easily disrupted:
ѵģ
a brittle relationship between husband and wife.See Synonyms at fragile 
ѵķ޹ϵμ fragile
Difficult to deal with; snappish:
ദģ̱ģ
a brittle disposition.
ദ
Lacking warmth of feeling; cold:
䵭ģȱģ䵭ģ
The duchess, though well-known as a society hostess, conveyed an unmistakably brittle air.
Ȼ罻Ůˣȴ¶ı
Brilliantly sharp, as in percussive sound.
ģ
Perishable.
һ
Fleeting; transitory.
ݵģһŵ
n.ʣ
A confection of caramelized sugar to which nuts are added:
ʱǣ۽϶Ƴɵʳ
walnut brittle.
ұ
?
Middle English britel 
йӢ britel 
probably from Old English *brytel 
Դ Ӣ *brytel 
from bryttian [to shatter] 
Դ bryttian [] 
?
brittlely
AHD:[br1tl-?] ʣ
brittleness
n.ʣ

= =
broad
broad
AHD:[br?d] 
D.J.[br%8d]
K.K.[br%d]
adj.ݴʣ
broad.er,broad.est 
Wide in extent from side to side:
ģģ
a broad river; broad shoulders.
Ĵӣ˫
Large in expanse; spacious:
ģģ
a broad lawn.
һƬĲƺ
Having a certain width from side to side:
ģдһߵһߵضȣ
A sidewalk three feet broad.
Ӣ߿е
Full; open:
ģģ
broad daylight.

Covering a wide scope; general:
㷺ģһģ
a broad rule.
һձԵĹ
Liberal; tolerant:
ɵģݵģ
had broad views regarding social services.See Synonyms at broad-minded 
ķҵֿͨļμ broad-minded
Relating to or covering the main facts or the essential points.
ԵģҪʵ۵йصģҪʵ۵
Plain and clear; obvious:
ģģ
gave us a broad hint to leave.
һ׵İʾ뿪
Obsolete Outspoken.
 ֱԲ
Vulgar; ribald:
׵ģģ
a broad joke.
ӹ׵Ц
Heavily regional:
ĵطصģ
a broad Southern accent.
ŨصϷ
Linguistics Pronounced with the tongue placed low and flat and with the oral cavity wide open, like thea  in bath  when pronounced like the a  in father.  Used of vowels. 
ѧ ģʱͷŵͲƽǻbath һе a  father е a һʱԪ 
n.ʣ
A wide, flat part, as of one's hand.
ƽĲ֣
Slang A woman or girl:
ٵ Ůˣ
I use broad as a moniker of respect for a woman who[knows]  how to throw a mean right (James Wolcott)
Ұ ٵŮӡƺ֪ȨŮˡ (ղķ˹ֶ)
adv.ʣ
Fully; completely.
ֵأȫ
?
Middle English brod 
йӢ brod 
from Old English br3d 
Դ Ӣ br3d 
?
broadly
adv.ʣ
broadness
n.ʣ

= =
broadcast
broad.cast
AHD:[br?dk2st] 
D.J.[6br%8d7k#st]
K.K.[6br%d7k#st]
v.ʣ
broad.cast  broad.cast.ed broad.cast.ing,broad.casts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use.
̨ӽĿʹ
To send out or communicate, especially by radio or television:
ţָ̨ͨӣͣ
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.
̨ͨҪҩƷӦ
To make known over a wide area:
ʹΪ֪
broadcast rumors.See Synonyms at announce 
ҥԲμ announce
To sow (seed) over a wide area, especially by hand.
ֲָ֣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To transmit a radio or television program for public or general use.
ŽĿ͵̨ӽĿʹ
To be on the air:
ţ
The station begins broadcasting at 6a.m.  
̨糿 6:00ʼ 
To participate in a radio or television program.
μӵ̨ӽĿݳ
To send a transmission or signal; transmit.
ʹźţ
n.ʣ
Transmission of a radio or television program or signal for public use.
źţ̨ӽĿźŵĴʹ
A radio or television program:
̨ӽĿ
watched the morning news broadcast.
糿ŽĿ
The duration of such a program.
ʱ䣺̨ӽĿڼ
The act of scattering seed.

adj.ݴʣ
Communicated by means of television or radio.
Ӳ͵ģ̨㲥
Of or relating to television or radio communications:
룩ӻ̨ͨѶйأģ
broadcast journalism; the print and broadcast media.
㲥ţӡˢ͹㲥ý
Widely known.
Ϊ֪
Scattered over a wide area.

adv.ʣ
In a scattered manner.
ɢ
?
broadcaster
n.ʣ

= =
broken
bro.ken
AHD:[br?kn] 
D.J.[6br*&k*n]
K.K.[6brok*n]
v.ʣ
Past participle of break 
 breakĹȥִ
adj.ݴʣ
Forcibly separated into two or more pieces; fractured:
˵ģ˵ģֳģ۵ģ
a broken arm; broken glass.
۶˵ĸ첲Ĳ
Sundered by divorce, separation, or desertion of a parent or parents:
ѵģɸĸ顢־ӡĸ˫һɷģ
children from broken homes; a broken marriage.
ѼͥĺǣѵĻ
Having been violated:
Υģ
a broken promise.
ŵ
Incomplete:
ģ
a broken set of books.
һ׵
Being in a state of disarray; disordered:
״̬ģ
troops fleeing in broken ranks.
ӵľ
Intermittently stopping and starting; discontinuous:
϶ģģ
a broken cable transmission.
ĵ籨
Varying abruptly, as in pitch:
ͻģߣ
broken sobs.

Spoken with gaps and errors:
Ҵģ
broken English.
Ͱ͵Ӣ
Topographically rough; uneven:
᫵ģƽ̹ģ
broken terrain.
ĵ
Subdued totally; humbled:
ȫƷ˵ģɥģ
a broken spirit.
Ļ
Weakened and infirm:
˥ߵģģ
broken health.

Crushed by grief:
ڱ˶ģ
died of a broken heart.

Financially ruined; bankrupt.
ΣģƲ
Not functioning; out of order:
ɥʧ˹õģëģ
a broken washing machine.
һ̨йϵϴ»
?
brokenly
adv.ʣ
brokenness
n.ʣ

= =
bronze
bronze
AHD:[br?nz] 
D.J.[brKnz]
K.K.[br$nz]
n.ʣ
Abbr. br.
д br.
Any of various alloys of copper and tin in various proportions, sometimes with traces of other metals.
ͭͭϽһֲͬͭϽʱ΢
Any of various alloys of copper, with or without tin, and antimony, phosphorus, or other components.
ͭϽͭࡢ׻ʹɵһֺϽ𣬺Ҳɲ
A work of art made of one of these alloys.
ͭƷһֺϽƳɵƷ
Color A moderate yellowish to olive brown.
ɫʡ ͭɫͭɫжȵǳƵɫ
A pigment of this color.
ɫ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of or consisting of bronze.
ͭƵĻͭ
Color Of a moderate yellowish to olive brown.
ɫʡ ͭɫģͭɫģеȻƵƺɫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bronzed,bronz.ing,bronz.es 
To give the color or appearance of bronze to.
ʹͭɫʹͭ
?
French 
 
from Italian bronzo 
Դ  bronzo 
?
bronzer
n.ʣ
bronzy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
brood
brood
AHD:[br?d] 
D.J.[bru8d]
K.K.[brud]
n.ʣ
The young of certain animals, especially a group of young birds or fowl hatched at one time and cared for by the same mother.
СĶĳСĶָһηͬһĸϵһȺ
The children in one family.
ͥк
v.ʣ
brood.ed,brood.ing,broods 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To sit on or hatch (eggs).
ڣϻ
To protect (young) by or as if by covering with the wings.
ӻûóڱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sit on or hatch eggs.
ڵϻ
To hover envelopingly; loom.
Լ
To be deep in thought; meditate.
˼ڤ
To focus the attention on a subject persistently and moodily; worry:
ǣ˼ڤһ⣻ǣ
brooded over the insult for several days.
ü춼Ĭܵ
To be depressed.
ͷɥ
adj.ݴʣ
Kept for breeding:
Ϊֳģ
a brood hen; a brood mare.
ιµĸԵĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?d * see  bhreu- 
Դ Ӣ br?d *μ bhreu- 
?
broodingly
adv.ʣ
?
brood,dwell,fret,mope,stew,worry
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to turn over in the mind moodily and at length: 
Щʹе˼ǡƲֵԺﳤʱڤ˼롱 
brooding about his decline in popularity;
˼½ԭ
dwelled on her defeat;
˼ʧܣ
fretting over the loss of their jobs;
ǵʧҵ
moping about his illness;
ǣĲ
stewing over her upcoming trial;
У
worrying about the unpaid bills. See also Synonyms at  flock 1
ûʵ μͬ flock1

= =
brook
brook 1
AHD:[br?k] 
D.J.[br&k]
K.K.[br&k]
n.ʣ
See  creek See Regional Note at run 
μ  creek μ run
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?c 
Դ Ӣ br?c 
?
brook
brook 2
AHD:[br?k] 
D.J.[br&k]
K.K.[br&k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
brooked,brook.ing,brooks 
To put up with; tolerate:
ܣ̣
We will brook no further argument.
ǲһ
?
Middle English brouken 
йӢ brouken 
from Old English br?n [to use, enjoy] 
Դ Ӣ br?n [ʹã] 

= =
broom
broom
AHD:[br?m, br?m] 
D.J.[bru8m, br&m]
K.K.[brum, br&m]
n.ʣ
A bunch of twigs, straw, or bristles bound together, attached to a stick or handle, and used for sweeping.
ɨ㣺һ֦ɲݻëһѱϣɨ֮
Any of various Mediterranean shrubs of the genusCytisus  in the pea family, especially C. Scoparius,  having mostly compound leaves with three leaflets and showy, usually bright 
yellow flowers. 
ȸһֵкƽȸ ľָ ȸ ƬҶɵĸҶͨɫ 
Any of several similar or related shrubs, especially in the generaGenista  and Spartium.  
ľһƻعľκһָ֣Ⱦľ  ӥצ  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
broomed,broom.ing,brooms 
To sweep with or as if with a broom.
ɨûɨɨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?m 
Դ Ӣ br?m 
?
broomy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
brother
broth.er
AHD:[br?Yr] 
D.J.[6brJH*]
K.K.[6brJH+]
n.ʣ
 broth.ers д bro.,br.,b.
A male having the same parents as another or one parent in common with another.
ֵܣֵܵ״̬ϵ
pl. Often breth.ren[brYrn]  One who shares a common ancestry, allegiance, character, or purpose with another or others, especially:
  breth.ren[brYrn]  ֵܻ᣺ӵйͬȣͬЧҶ󣬹ͬĿĵĻָ
A kinsman.

A fellow man.
ͬ
A fellow member, as of a fraternity, trade union, or panel of judges on a court.
ֵܻԱԱųԱ
A close male friend; a comrade.
ѣͬ־
A soul brother.
ֵ
pl. Often brethren Something, such as a corporation or an institution, that is regarded as a member of a class:
  brethren ͬҵһײһԱţȣ
A station that . . . relies on corporate contributions or advertising to survive runs the risk of becoming virtually indistinguishable from its commercial brethren(W. John Moore)
ľͿǹάĵ̨ܳΪʵϵӪ(W.Լ¶)
Abbr. Br.Ecclesiastical 
д Br.̻᡿ 
A member of a men's religious order who is not in holy orders but engages in the work of the order.
ʿδΪ񸸵Ľʿ
A lay member of a religious order of men.
̻Ա
pl. Often brethren A fellow member of the Christian church.
  brethren ѣ̻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?r * see  bhr3ter- 
Դ Ӣ br?r *μ bhr3ter- 

= =
brow
brow
AHD:[brou] 
D.J.[bra&]
K.K.[bra&]
n.ʣ
The superciliary ridge over the eyes.
üϲü
The eyebrow.
üë
The forehead.
ǰ
A facial expression; countenance:
沿飻ɫ
Speak you this with a sad brow?(Shakespeare)
ű˵˵?(ɯʿ)
The projecting upper edge of a steep place:
ʹͻϱأ
the brow of a hill.
ɽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?} * see  bhr?- 
Դ Ӣ br?} *μ bhr?- 

= =
brown
brown
AHD:[broun] 
D.J.[bra&n]
K.K.[bra&n]
n.Abbr. br.Color ʣд br.ɫʡ 
Any of a group of colors between red and yellow in hue that are medium to low in lightness and low to moderate in saturation.
ɫɫһںƼɫеͣɫʵıͶɵ͵
adj.ݴʣ
brown.er,brown.est 
Color Of the color brown.
ɫʡ ɫ
Deeply suntanned.
̫ɹڵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
browned,brown.ing,browns 
To make or become brown.
ʹֻأ֣ɫ
To cook until brown.
ֱأ֣ɫ
?
brown off Ӣ
To make or become angry or irritated.
ʹɥգʹֻ÷ŭŭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English br?n * see  bher- 2
Դ Ӣ br?n *μ bher- 2
?
brownish
adj.ݴʣ
brownness
n.ʣ
?
Brown
Brown
AHD:[broun] Charles Brockden (1771-1810) 
D.J.[bra&n]
K.K.[bra&n]
NONE޴ԣ
American writer and editor who is considered America's first professional novelist. Brown is best known for his Gothic romances, such asWieland  (1798), Ormund  (1799), and Jane 
Talbot  (1801). 
ʣ˹޿ϵǣ(1771-1810) Һͱ༭ΪһְҵС˵ҡдС˵硶 1798꣩ ɵ¡ 1799꣩ 
ء 1801꣩ 
?
Brown
BrownFord Madox (1821-1893)
NONE޴ԣ
British historical painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelites. He painted a series of frescoes depicting the major historical events in Manchester, England.
ʣء˹(1821-1893) Ӣʷңǰ쳶ϵһ𣬻һϵӢ˹Ҫʷ¼ıڻ
?
Brown
BrownHarrison Scott (1917-1986)
NONE޴ԣ
American chemist. After developing the method for producing plutonium for atomic bombs, he lectured widely against the proliferation of such weaponry.
ʣɭ˹أ(1917-1986) ѧҡչԭӵõߵķĴ˵ԭɢ
?
Brown
BrownHenry Billings (1836-1913)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1890-1906).
ʣ˹(1836-1913) ٣߷Ժ󷨹(1890-1906꣩
?
Brown
BrownHerbert Charles (Born 1912)
NONE޴ԣ
British-born American chemist. He shared a 1979 Nobel Prize for discoveries in the chemistry of boron and phosphorus.
ʣղء˹( 1912) Ӣѧңֻѧе׶1979ŵ
?
Brown
BrownJames (Born 1933)
NONE޴ԣ
American singer. First popular in the 1950's with hits like Please, Please, Please, he is often called the Godfather of Soul.
ʣղķ˹( 1933) ֡2050ԡ룬룬롱ȼŸʼߺ죬ͨΪֵĽ̸
?
Brown
BrownJohn (1800-1859)
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist. In 1859 Brown and 21 followers captured the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry as part of an effort to liberate Southern slaves. His group was defeated, and Brown 
was hanged after a trial in which he won sympathy as an abolitionist martyr.
ʣԼ(1800-1859) ūߡ185921ڹ˹ɿռ⣬ΪϷūŬļʧܺ󣬲кд̣
Ϊū˶еʿӮͬ
?
Brown
BrownJohn Mason (1900-1969)
NONE޴ԣ
American drama critic whose books includeTo All Hands  (1943) and Daniel Boone  (1952). 
ʣԼ÷ɭ(1900-1969) Ϸۼңдרҵǡ 1943꣩  1952꣩ 
?
Brown
BrownMichael (Born 1941)
NONE޴ԣ
American geneticist. He shared a 1985 Nobel Prize for discoveries related to cholesterol metabolism.
ʣ˶( 1941) Ŵѧҡйص̴лķֶ1985ŵ
?
Brown
BrownOlympia (1835-1926)
NONE޴ԣ
American minister and suffragist who was the first woman in the United States to be ordained in the ministry of an established denomination (1863).
ʣƥǣ(1835-1926) Ůʦ͸ŮߡĽ̻ᱻʦְλĵһŮ1863꣩
?
Brown
BrownRobert (1773-1858)
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish botanist known for his investigation of the sexual behavior of plants. His discovery of the irregular movement of pollen grains led to the concept known as Brownian movement.
ʣ޲أ(1773-1858) ոֲѧңֲֳоȷֵĻ޹˶óĲ˶

= =
bruise
bruise
AHD:[br?z] 
D.J.[bru8z]
K.K.[bruz]
v.ʣ
bruised,bruis.ing,bruis.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To injure the underlying soft tissue or bone of (part of the body) without breaking the skin, as by a blow.
ףʹƤ֯ͷˣûŪƤ簤һ
To damage (plant tissue), as by abrasion or pressure:
ֲˣˣֲ֯Ħѹ
bruised the fruit by careless packing.
װʱСˮ
To dent or mar.

To pound (berries, for example) into fragments; crush.
飨磬ݮϸ
To hurt, especially psychologically.
ָϣ˺
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To experience or undergo bruising:
ˣף
Peaches bruise easily.
Ӻ
n.ʣ
An injury to underlying tissues or bone in which the skin is not broken, often characterized by ruptured blood vessels and discolorations.
ףƤ֯ͷˣƤû֢״ѪѣѪ
A similar injury to plant tissue, often resulting in discoloration or spoilage.
ˮ˺ֲۣ֯˿ڣ˴ɫߣ׸
An injury, especially to one's feelings.
鷽Ĵۣ˺
?
Middle English bruisen 
йӢ bruisen 
from Old English brtn [to crush,] 
Դ Ӣ brtn [ѹ] 
and from Old North French bruisier  [of Germanic origin] 
Դ ŷ bruisier  [նԴ] 

= =
brush
brush 1
AHD:[br?sh] 
D.J.[brJ.]
K.K.[brJ.]
n.ʣ
A device consisting of bristles fastened into a handle, used in scrubbing, polishing, or painting.
ˢӣʣѸëһֱϣϴϹ滭֮
The act of using this device.
ˢˢñʻʹװõΪ
A light touch in passing; a graze.
ᴥ
A bushy tail:
ë׵βͣ
the brush of a fox.
һֻë׵β
A sliding connection completing a circuit between a fixed and a moving conductor.
ˢһ̶ĵƶĵ壬ʹ·ͨĻ
A snub; a brushoff.
䣻Ȼܾ
v.ʣ
brushed,brush.ing,brush.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clean, polish, or groom with a brush.
ˢϴˢ
To apply with or as if with motions of a brush.
ˢͿĨ
To remove with or as if with motions of a brush.
ȥȥ
To dismiss abruptly or curtly:
شߣѡƲһߣ
brushed the matter aside; brushed an old friend off.
һ߲ǣ
To touch lightly in passing; graze against.
ʱᴥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use or apply a brush.
ˢ
To move past something so as to touch it lightly.
ӹ
?
brush up
To refresh one's memory.
£
To renew a skill.
¼
?
Middle English brusshe 
йӢ brusshe 
from Old French brosse [brushwood, brush] * see  brush 2
Դ ŷ brosse [ľԣľ] *μ brush2
?
brusher
n.ʣ
brushy
adj.ݴʣ
?
brush,flick,glance,graze,shave,skim
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make light and momentary contact with something in passing: 
ЩʹͬҪǣʱ΢ݵؽӴһ¡ 
her arm brushing mine;
ĸ첲һҵĸ첲
flicked the paper with his finger;
ָᵧһֽ
an arrow that glanced off the tree;
ӹǿļ
a knife blade grazing the countertop;
ų﹤̨ĵУ
a taxi that shaved the curb;
ᰤ·Եʻĳ⳵
an oar skimming the surface of the pond. 
ˮĽ 
?
brush
brush 2
AHD:[br?sh] 
D.J.[brJ.]
K.K.[brJ.]
n.ʣ
A dense growth of bushes or shrubs.
ľԣС
Land covered by such a growth.
ֵش
Cut or broken branches.
»֦
?
Middle English brusshe 
йӢ brusshe 
from Old French brosse [brushwood] 
Դ ŷ brosse [ľ] 
from Vulgar Latin *bruscia 
Դ  *bruscia 
perhaps from Latin bruscum [knot on a maple] 
Դ  bruscum [ϵĽڰ] 
?
brushy
adj.ݴʣ
?
brush
brush 3
AHD:[br?sh] 
D.J.[brJ.]
K.K.[brJ.]
n.ʣ
A brief, often hostile or alarming encounter:
Сͻݣͨе򾯸ԵĽӴ
a brush with the law; a brush with death.
΢ķΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from brushen [to hasten, rush] 
Դ brushen [Ͻ] 
probably from brusshe [brush] * see  brush 1
Դ brusshe [С] *μ brush1

= =
brutal
bru.tal
AHD:[br?tl] 
D.J.[6bru8tl]
K.K.[6brut1]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely ruthless or cruel.See Synonyms at brute 
ҰģҰģ̵Ĳμ brute
Crude or unfeeling in manner or speech.
ֱģ̬ȻԴֱ
Harsh; unrelenting:
Ͽģģ
a brutal winter in the Arctic.
϶
Disagreeably precise or penetrating:
˲޿ɷϵģ
spoke with brutal honesty.
̹׵˵
?
brutally
adv.ʣ

= =
brute
brute
AHD:[br?t] 
D.J.[bru8t]
K.K.[brut]
n.ʣ
An animal; a beast.
Ұ
A brutal, crude, or insensitive person.
̵ˣֱˣľʵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to beasts; animal:
Ұ޵ģҰģԵĻصģҰ޵ģ
None of the brute creation requires more than food and shelter(Henry David Thoreau)
ҰĶҪֻʳϢѡ(ά)
Characteristic of a brute, especially:
Ұһģָ
Entirely physical:
ȫϵģ
brute force.

Lacking or showing a lack of reason or intelligence:
ûԵģûǻ۵ģ
a brute impulse.
Եĳ嶯
Savage; cruel:
Ұģ̵ģ
brute coercion.
п
Unremittingly severe:
Ͽģ
was driven to steal food through brute necessity.
ڼȥ͵ʳ
Coarse; brutish.
Ұģ޴
?
From Middle English [nonhuman] 
Դ йӢ [] 
from Old French brut 
Դ ŷ brut 
from Latin br?s [stupid] * see  g wer- 1
Դ  br?s [ޱ] *μ g wer- 1
?
brutism
n.ʣ
?
brute,animal,brutish,brutal,beastly,bestial
These adjectives apply to what is more characteristic of lower animals than of human beings.
Щݴʶʾнϵ͵ȶ˵ġ
 Brute,   the least derogatory,stresses a lack of the understanding or sensibility regarded as distinguishing people from animals: 
 Brute  ߰壬ǿȱԣʹ붯ֿ 
brute force.

Animal   emphasizes physical nature as opposed to intellect or spirit: 
Animal  ǿԵʣ 
animal vitality.
Ļ
Brutish  stresses marked lack of human refinement and sensitivity: 
Brutish  ǿȱУ 
He had the look of a dull and brutish man.
Ǹٶ۴Ұˡ
Brutal   emphasizes unfeeling cruelty: 
Brutal  ǿ飬̣ 
the brutal amusements of the bullbaiting or the cockpit  (William Howitt).Bothbeastly  and bestial  imply degeneracy or moral degradation:  
 ݹҧţ򶷼Ĳп֡  أbeastly  beastial ж䣬¸˼  
indulging beastly desires;
ݵ
bestial and sordid drunkenness.
ۻơ
Beastly,   however, is often used to characterize what is merely very disagreeable: 
Beastly  ָɲĶ 
What a beastly storm! 
ôɶı꣡ 

= =
bubble
bub.ble
AHD:[b?bl] 
D.J.[6bJb*l]
K.K.[6bJb*l]
n.ʣ
A thin, usually spherical or hemispherical film of liquid filled with air or gas:
ĭͨλεģҺ屡Ĥ
a soap bubble.

A globular body of air or gas formed within a liquid:
ݣγҺе״壺
air bubbles rising to the surface.

A pocket formed in a solid by air or gas that is trapped, as during cooling or hardening.
ݣȴӲγɹ壬Ҳ
The act or process of forming bubbles.
γˮݣγˮݵΪ
A sound made by or as if by the forming and bursting of bubbles.
ð
Something insubstantial, groundless, or ephemeral, especially:
õġûиݵĻݵĶָ
A fantastic or impracticable idea or belief; an illusion:
룺Ļʵʵ뷨룺
didn't want to burst the new volunteers' bubble.
־Ըߵ
A speculative scheme that comes to nothing:
Ͷƭ֣Ͷƻ
lost money in the real estate bubble.
زͶп˱
Something light or effervescent:
ֵ֣
Maconthough terribly distressedhad to fight down a bubble of laughter(Anne Tyler)
ϡòסЦüʹࡱ(ݡ̩)
A usually transparent glass or plastic dome.
͸ϣԲ
A protective, often isolating envelope or cover:
֣Եģõֻǣ
The Secret Service will talk of tightening protection, but no President wants to live in a bubble(Anthony Lewis)
鱨Ҫ̸ܵԪױʩûκԪԸĻС(ᡤ˹)
v.ʣ
bub.bled,bub.bling,bub.bles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form or give off bubbles.
ݻð
To move or flow with a gurgling sound:
Ļ򿩿
a brook bubbling along its course.
һϪˮ
To rise to or as if to the surface; emerge:
ˮ棻֣
Since then, the revolution has bubbled up again in many forms(Jonathan Schell)
Ժ󣬸Ըʽüˡ(ɭл)
To display irrepressible activity or emotion:
磬ƣ
bubbling over with excitement.
˸߲
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to form bubbles.
ʹðݣʹ
?
From Middle English bubelen [to bubble] 
Դ йӢ bubelen [ð] 

= =
bucket
buck.et
AHD:[b?k1t] 
D.J.[6bJk!t]
K.K.[6bJk!t]
n.ʣ
A cylindrical vessel used for holding or carrying liquids or solids; a pail.
ͰװʢҺͰ
The amount that a bucket can hold:
һͰװ
One bucket of paint will be enough for the ceiling.
ˢ컨һͰ㹻
A unit of dry measure in the U.S. Customary System equal to 2 pecks (17.6 liters).See table at measurement 
϶λ൱2(17.6μ measurement
A receptacle on various machines, such as the scoop of a power shovel or the compartments on a water wheel, used to gather and convey material.
ֻϵĲˮ涷ռ
Basketball A basket.
 
v.ʣ
buck.et.ed,buck.et.ing,buck.ets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hold, carry, or put in a bucket:
װͰͰͰ
bucket up water from a well.
ͰӾˮ
To ride (a horse) long and hard.
ɱߣƴǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or proceed rapidly and jerkily:
˶н
bucketing over the unpaved lane.
û·Сн
To make haste; hustle.
ææϿ
?
a drop in the bucket
An insufficient or inconsequential amount in comparison with what is required.
׺һڣȲ򲻺
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French buket 
Դ ŷ buket 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 

= =
bud
bud 1
AHD:[b?d] 
D.J.[bJd]
K.K.[bJd]
n.ʣ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A small protuberance on a stem or branch, sometimes enclosed in protective scales and containing an undeveloped shoot, leaf, or flower.
ѿѿ֦С¡ʱڱԵĽУδĸҶӻ
The stage or condition of having buds:
ѿ״̬ѿ׶λ״̬
branches in full bud.
ѿ֦
Biology 
ѧ 
An asexual reproductive structure, as in yeast or a hydra, that consists of an outgrowth capable of developing into a new individual.
ѿ壺һṹĸˮ󣣬һⲿԷһµĸ
A small, rounded organic part, such as a taste bud, that resembles a plant bud.
٣һСģԲεɲ֣ζٺֲѿ
A person or thing that is not yet fully developed:
δ˻δȫ˻
the bud of a new idea.
һ˼ѿ
v.ʣ
bud.ded,bud.ding,buds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put forth or produce buds:
ѿѿ
a plant that buds in early spring.
紺ѿֲ
To develop or grow from or as if from a bud:
ʼѿлƴѿгĻ
listened sympathetically for a moment, a bemused smile budding forth(Washington Post)
ͬһһ˿ŪЦݸֳ(ʢʱ)
To be in an undeveloped stage or condition.
δܵĽ׶λ״̬
To reproduce asexually by forming a bud.
ֳѿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to put forth buds.
ʹѿʹѿ
To graft a bud onto (a plant).
ʹѿӣֲϣ޽
?
Middle English budde 
йӢ budde 
?
budder
n.ʣ
?
bud
bud 2
AHD:[b?d] 
D.J.[bJd]
K.K.[bJd]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
Friend; chum. Used as a form of familiar address for a man or boy:
飬ֵܣѣ顣˻кһϤĳƺ
Move along, bud.
һߣֵ
?
Short for buddy 
 buddyļд

= =
budget
budg.et
AHD:[b?j1t] 
D.J.[6bJd9!t]
K.K.[6bJd9!t]
n.ʣ
An itemized summary of estimated or intended expenditures for a given period along with proposals for financing them:
Ԥ㱨棺ڸʱڶԤԤƵĻгժҪΪЩṩֵ֧Ľ飺
submitted the annual budget to Congress.
Ԥ㱨
A systematic plan for the expenditure of a usually fixed resource, such as money or time, during a given period:
Ԥ㣺ͨǹ̶ĳԴǮʱ䣬ڸʱڵϵͳѼƻ
A new car will not be part of our budget this year.
һ³ǽԤ֮
The total sum of money allocated for a particular purpose or period of time:
רΪĳһض;ĳʱ䲦Ǯ
a project with an annual budget of five million dollars.
һ겦ΪԪĿ
A stock or collection with definite limits:
ۻ棺һ޶ȵĴռ
his budget of general knowledge(William Hazlitt)
һ㳣ʶۻ()
v.ʣ
budg.et.ed,budg.et.ing,budg.ets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plan in advance the expenditure of:
ȱԤ㣺֧֮ǰǰ
needed help budgeting our income; budgeted my time wisely.
Ԥǵ룻ǵذҵʱ
To enter or account for in a budget:
ѡдԤ㣺Ԥ㱨д»ѣ
forgot to budget the car payments.
ǱԤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or use a budget.
Ԥ㣬ʹԤ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a budget:
ԤģԤйصģԤģ
budget items approved by Congress.
ͨԤĿ
Appropriate to a budget; inexpensive:
ϺԤģ˵ģ
a budget car; budget meals.
˵ĽγϺԤ
?
Middle English bouget [wallet] 
йӢ bouget [Ǯ] 
from Old French bougette [diminutive of] bouge [leather bag] 
Դ ŷ bougette  [] bougeС׺ [Ƥ] 
from Latin bulga 
Դ  bulga 
[of Celtic origin] * see  bhelgh- 
[Դڿ] *μ bhelgh- 
?
budgetary
AHD:[b?j1-tr?] ݴʣ
budgeter  
budgeteer
AHD:[-1-t?r] ʣ

= =
buffer
buffer 1
AHD:[b?fr] 
D.J.[6bJf*]
K.K.[6bJf+]
n.ʣ
One that buffs, especially a piece of soft leather or cloth used to shine or polish.
ߣĥ⹤ˣѶˣָϲƤ
A buffing wheel.

?
buffer
buffer 2
AHD:[b?fr] 
D.J.[6bJf*]
K.K.[6bJf+]
n.ʣ
Something that lessens or absorbs the shock of an impact.
Լճ𶯵Ķ
One that protects by intercepting or moderating adverse pressures or influences:
ˣͨƷûӰ𱣻õ˻
A sense of humor . . . may have served as a buffer against the . . . shocks of disappointment(James Russell Lowell)
ĬлԵܵʧʱĻ(ղķ˹ء)
Something that separates potentially antagonistic entities, as an area between two rival powers that serves to lessen the danger of conflict.
شǱڵĶԿĶжͻΣյĵش
Chemistry A substance that minimizes change in the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
ѧ ҺһֵҺʱܼСҺ
Computer Science A device or area used to store data temporarily and deliver it at a rate different from that at which it was received.
ѧ ʱݵ豸򣬲ʱͬٶȴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
buff.ered,buff.er.ing,buff.ers 
To act as a buffer for or between.
壺Ϊ嵱֮䵱
Chemistry To treat (a solution) with a buffer.
ѧ ѻҺ루Һ
?
Perhaps from buff [blow, buffet] 
Դ buff [ȥ] 
from Middle English buffe 
Դ йӢ buffe 
short for buffet 
 buffetļд 
from Old French * see  buffet 2
Դ ŷ *μ buffet2

= =
bug
bug
AHD:[b?g] 
D.J.[bJg]
K.K.[bJg]
n.ʣ
A true bug.
Ŀ
An insect or similar organism, such as a centipede or an earwig.
棺Ƶ
A disease-producing microorganism:
ϸһֵ¼΢
a flu bug.
в
The illness or disease so produced:
ϸļ
stomach flu, a cold, or just some bug going around(David Smollar)
θȾðһЩŵļ(ά˹Ī)
A defect or difficulty, as in a system or design.
ȱݣ覴ãһϵͳϵȱݻ
Computer Science A defect in the code or routine of a program.
ѧ 󣺼дгϵ覴
An enthusiasm or obsession:
񣬳ԣ
got bitten by the writing bug.
д
An enthusiast or devotee; a buff:
Ȱߣԣ
a model train bug.
һ׼Ļ
An electronic listening device, such as a hidden microphone or wiretap, used in surveillance:
һֵӼװãε˷ڼ⣺
planted a bug in the suspect's room.
ɷķ䰲װ
v.ʣ
bugged,bug.ging,bugs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow large; bulge:
͹
My eyes bugged when I saw the mess.
һƬʱҵ۾
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To annoy; pester.
գ
To prey on; worry:
ĥʹʹࣺ
a memory that bugged me for years.
һĥҶļ
To equip (a room or telephone circuit, for example) with a concealed electronic listening device.
װװεĵӼװãڷ绰·ϣ
To make (the eyes) bulge or grow large.
ʹ򣩱ͻ
?
bug off ٵ
To leave someone alone; go away.
ֹͣţ߿
bug out ٵ
To leave or quit, usually in a hurry.
æ뿪뿪ֹͣǴæ
To avoid a responsibility or duty. Often used withon  or of : 
ӱܣӱλ񣬳on  of ã 
bugged out on his partners at the first sign of trouble.
ڵһ鷳ʱ뿪ͬ
?
put a bug in (someone's) earʽ
To impart useful information to (another) in a subtle, discreet way.
ȸĳ˰ʾصġķʽõϢ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
bugger
n.ʣ
?
Bug
Bug
AHD:[b?g, b?k] 
D.J.[bu8g, bu8k]
K.K.[bug, buk]
NONE޴ԣ
Also Western Bug A river of western European U.S.S.R. rising in the southwest Ukraine and flowing about 772 km (480 mi) through Poland to the Vistula River near Warsaw.
 Ҳ Western Bug ӣŷһλڿϲȫ772(480Ӣ뻪ɳά˹
Also Southern Bug A river of western European U.S.S.R. rising in the southwest Ukraine and flowing about 853 km (530 mi) generally southeast to the Black Sea.
 Ҳ Southern Bug ӣŷһλڿϲȫ853Լ530Ӣں

= =
build
build
AHD:[b1ld] 
D.J.[b!ld]
K.K.[b!ld]
v.ʣ
built[b1lt] build.ing,builds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form by combining materials or parts; construct.
죬ͨϲϻ򲿷ֶγɣ
To order, finance, or supervise the construction of:
ලලĽ裺
The administration built several new housing projects.
˺ü¥ĽĿ
To develop or give form to according to a plan or process; create:
ݼƲչ죻죺
build a nation; built a successful business out of their corner grocery store.
һңǽֵսǵӻ괴һҳɹĹ˾
To increase or strengthen by adding gradually to:
ӣǿӣ𲽼ǿ
money building interest in a savings account; build support for a political candidate.
Ϣǿһѡ˵֧
To establish a basis for; found or ground:
Ϊ춨
build an argument on fact.
ʵΪݽ۵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make something by combining materials or parts.
ɣͨϲϻ򲿷ĳ
To engage in the construction or design of buildings:
죬Ӫ죺¥Ľƣ
Each of the three architects built in a different style(Dwight Macdonald)
λʦĽ족(»ء)
To develop in magnitude or extent:
չ
clouds building on the horizon.
ƽ
To progress toward a maximum, as of intensity:
չﵽǿչ
suspense building from the opening scene to the climax.
Ļչ߳
n.ʣ
The physical makeup of a person or thing:
񣬹죺˻ɣ
an athletic build.See Synonyms at physique 
˶Աμ physique
?
build in  
build into
To construct or include as an integral part of:
죬Ϊһڣ
a wall with shelving that was built in; build stability into the economy.
мӵǽõȶ
build on  
build upon
To use as a basis or foundation:
ָԡΪ
We must build on our recent success.
Ǳеĳɹ
build up
To develop or increase in stages or by degrees:
󣬼ᣬ֧֣𲽻ֽ׶εķչӣ
built up the business; building up my endurance for the marathon.
ҵΪɶǿҵ
To accumulate or collect:
ۻռ
sediment building up on the ocean floor.
׻۵ĳ
To bolster:
֧֣ӣ
build up the product with a massive ad campaign; built up my hopes after the interview.
ͨĹֲƷԺҵϣ
To fill up (an area) with buildings.
ڣһ¥
?
Middle English bilden 
йӢ bilden 
from Old English byldan * see  bheu- 
Դ Ӣ byldan *μ bheu- 

= =
building
build.ing
AHD:[b1ld1ng] 
D.J.[6b!ld!0]
K.K.[6b!ld!0]
n.ʣ
Abbr. bldg.Something that is built, as for human habitation; a structure.
д bldg.ݣΪסĶ
The act, process, art, or occupation of constructing.
ж̡ɻְҵ
?
building,structure,edifice,pile
All these nouns denote something, such as a house or school, constructed for human habitation or use.
ЩʶָΪסʹöĶ緿ݻѧУ
 Building   is the basic, broadly applicable term of the group: 
 Building  õ㷺һʣ 
an office building;
һ칫¥
condemned buildings being razed.
ƽķ¥
The essential thing in a building . . . is that it be strongly built, and fit for its uses  (John Ruskin).
 һӡι̶ʹõķӡ  Լ˹𣩡
 Structure   is sometimes interchangeable withbuilding  (  
 Structure  ʱbuilding (  
The ranch was a long, low wooden structure); more often, though, the word implies considerable size: 
ũһ͵ġͰľʽ) Ȼʸذָߴɹۣ 
In time their modest house was superseded by an elegant structure of glass and steel.
գǼӵķݱһ͸ֽĺ档
Edifice   most frequently implies something large and imposing: 
Edifice  ָɵĽ 
The legislature is housed in an impressive granite edifice.
λһעĿĻҴ¥
Pile   suggests the massiveness of stone and frequently denotes a cluster of buildings: 
Pile  ָʯͷָ࣬ȺĽ 
Philip testified his joy . . . by raising the magnificent pile of the Escorial  (William Hickling Prescott).
 ͨ޽ΰ˹Ƹ¥֤ʵİڡ  ķϣ֡˹أ

= =
bulb
bulb
AHD:[b?lb] 
D.J.[bJlb]
K.K.[bJlb]
n.ʣ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A short, modified, underground stem surrounded by usually fleshy modified leaves that contain stored food for the shoot within:
۾һ̵ģ޼ģ¾Ŀ޼ҶӰţڲи֣
an onion bulb; a tulip bulb.

A similar underground stem or root, such as a corm, rhizome, or tuber.
򾥣һƵλڵµľ򾥡龥
A plant that grows from a bulb.
龥ֲɵֲ
A rounded projection or part:
Բεͻ򲿷֣
the bulb of a syringe.
עԲβ
An incandescent lamp or its glass housing.
ݣ׳ƻ䲣
Anatomy A rounded dilation or expansion of a canal, vessel, or organ.
ѧ ׿飺ܡѪܻٵԲŻ
?
Latin bulbus 
 bulbus 
from Greek bolbos [bulbous plant] 
Դ ϣ bolbos [򾥳ɵֲ] 

= =
bulk
bulk
AHD:[b?lk] 
D.J.[bJlk]
K.K.[bJlk]
n.ʣ
Size, mass, or volume, especially when very large.
ݻСݻָܴʱ
A distinct mass or portion of matter, especially a large one:
飬Ե򲿷ָ֣һ壺
the dark bulk of buildings against the sky.
µľ޴Ⱥ
The body of a human being, especially when large.
ͷ˵壬ָͷܴ˵
The major portion or greater part:
ҪֻϴĲ֣
The great bulk of necessary work can never be anything but painful(Bertrand Russell)
Ĺʹࡱ()
See  fiber 
μ  fiber 
Thickness of paper or cardboard in relation to weight.
ֽϵһֽӲֽĺ
Abbr. blk.Nautical A ship's cargo.
д blk. һ
v.ʣ
bulked,bulk.ing,bulks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or appear to be massive in terms of size, volume, or importance; loom:
ԵôҪӴСҪúܾ޴Ҫ޴ģ
Safety considerations bulked large during development of the new spacecraft.
ڽµɴʱȫռ˺ܴ
To grow or increase in size or importance.
ӣڴСҪ
To cohere or form a mass:
ɴ飺۳һŻγһѣ
Certain paper bulks well.
һЩֽľۺԺܺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to swell or expand.
ʹͻ
To cause to cohere or form a mass.
ɳ飺ʹ۳һŻγһ
adj.ݴʣ
Being large in mass, quantity, or volume:
ģģݻϴģ
a bulk buy; a bulk mailing.
򣻺صʼ
?
in bulk
Unpackaged; loose.
ɢװģɢ
In large numbers, amounts, or volume.
Ŀܴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
perhaps partly alteration of bouk [belly, trunk of the body]  from Old English b?c 
Ϊ boukĲֱ仯 [ӣ]  Դ Ӣ b?c 
and partly from Old Norse bulki [cargo, heap] * see  bhel- 2
ҲԴ ˹ά bulki [] *μ bhel- 2

= =
bull
bull 1
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b&l]
K.K.[b&l]
n.ʣ
An adult male bovine mammal.
ţţ
The uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle.
δ˸Ĺţ
The male of certain other large animals, such as the alligator, elephant, or moose.
ԶһЩ޴Զ㡢¹
An exceptionally large, strong, and aggressive person.
׳öˣߴġĺͺö
An optimist, especially regarding business conditions.
ֹ۽ȡˣָҵ״µֹ۽ȡ
A person who buys commodities or securities in anticipation of a rise in prices or who tries by speculative purchases to effect such a rise.
ͻˣԤҪǰƷ֤ȯ˻ͼͨͶӰǵ
Slang A police officer or detective.
ٵ ̽
Vulgar Empty, foolish, or pretentious talk.
 ջٻ
v.ʣ
bulled,bull.ing,bulls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push; force.
ƣǿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To push ahead or through forcefully:
ǰƻ߼ȥ
He bulls through the press horde that encircles the car(Scott Turow)
ΧȺ(˹ءͼ)
adj.ݴʣ
Male.
۵ģ
Large and strong like a bull.
ţģǿ׳
Characterized by rising prices:
۸ǵģ
a bull market.
۸ǵг
?
grab the bull by the horns 
take the bull by the horns
To deal with a problem directly and resolutely.
ϣ쵶ն飺ϲ
?
Middle English bule 
йӢ bule 
from Old English bula 
Դ Ӣ bula 
probably from Old Norse boli * see  bhel- 2
Դ ˹ά boli *μ bhel- 2
?
bull
bull 2
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b&l]
K.K.[b&l]
n.ʣ
An official document issued by the pope and sealed with a bulla.
ѵӡסɽ̻ʰ䷢Ĺٷļ
The bulla with which such a document is sealed.
ӡסļӡ
?
Middle English bulle 
йӢ bulle 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin bulla * see  bulla 
Դ  bulla *μ bulla
?
bull
bull 3
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b&l]
K.K.[b&l]
n.ʣ
A gross blunder in logical speech or expression.
ЦĻìܵĻ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
Bull
Bull
AHD:[b?l] 
D.J.[b&l]
K.K.[b&l]
n.ʣ
See  Taurus 
μ  Taurus
?
Bull
Bull
AHD:[b?l, b?l] Ole Bornemann (1810-1880) 
D.J.[bu8l, b&l]
K.K.[bul, b&l]
NONE޴ԣ
Norwegian violinist who toured extensively through the United States and attempted to found a Norwegian colony in Pennsylvania (1852).
(1810-1880) ŲСټң˼ͼڱϦǽһŲֳ(1852꣩

= =
bullet
bul.let
AHD:[b?l1t] 
D.J.[6b&l!t]
K.K.[6b&l!t]
n.ʣ
A usually metal projectile in the shape of a pointed cylinder or a ball that is expelled from a firearm, especially a rifle or a handgun.
ӵǹӻУָǹǹзĽ䵯״Ϊ״
Such a projectile in a metal casing; a cartridge.
ҩͲװڽе䵯ҩ
An object resembling a projectile in shape, action, or effect.
裺״ûЧϺ䵯ƵĶ
Printing A heavy dot () used to highlight a particular passage.
ӡˢ ǿĳһضĴԲ㣨
?
French boulette [diminutive of] boule [ball] 
 boulette  [] bouleС׺ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin bulla 
Դ  bulla 

= =
bulletin
bul.le.tin
AHD:[b?l1-tn, -t1n] 
D.J.[6b&l!tn, -t!n]
K.K.[6b&l!t2, -t!n]
n.Abbr. bul.,bull.ʣд bul.,bull.
A brief report, especially an official statement on a matter of public interest issued for immediate publication or broadcast.
棬һ̵ı棬ָ͹ڸȤ¼ʹĹٷ
A brief update or summary of current news, as on television or radio or in a newspaper.
ſ챨ӣ㲥ֽϵŵļ̱
A periodical, especially one published by an organization or society.
ڿĳһ֯ųڿ
A printed program, especially one listing the order of worship for a religious service:
һӡˢĳָڼҽ̷г˳ĳ
a church bulletin.
ó
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bul.le.tined,bul.le.tin.ing,bul.le.tins 
To inform by bulletin.
ù֪ͨ
?
French 
 
probably from Italian bullettino [diminutive of] bolletta [bill] [diminutive of] bolla [bubble, bull] * see  bull 2
Դ  bullettino  [] bollettaС׺ [Ʊʵ]  [] bollaС׺ [ˮݣţ] *μ bull2

= =
bump
bump
AHD:[b?mp] 
D.J.[bJmp]
K.K.[bJmp]
v.ʣ
bumped,bump.ing,bumps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike or collide with.
ײײ
To cause to knock against an obstacle.
ʹײϰ
To knock to a new position; shift:
ײƶײһλãƶ
bumped the crate out of the way.
ײһȥ
To shake up and down; jolt:
ҡΣ
bumped the child on her knee; was bumped about on a rough flight.
ҡϥϵĺӣһμѵķе
To displace from a position within a group or organization.
ְһ֯ڽһְ
To deprive (a passenger) of a reserved seat because of overbooking.
ȡλڳԤȡһÿͣԤλ
To raise; boost:
̧ߣߣ
bump up the price of gasoline.
̧͵ļ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hit or knock against something.
ײײĳ
To proceed with jerks and jolts:
ǰУ
bumped along slowly over the rocky terrain.
ڶʯشصǰ
n.ʣ
A blow, collision, or jolt.
ײײ
The sound of something bumping:
ײĳײ
heard a loud bump in the dark.
ںڰһײ
A raised or rounded spot; a bulge.
׿飺һͻĻԲεĵ㣻
A slight swelling or lump.
΢ͻ׿
Something, such as unevenness or a hole in a road, that causes a bump.
·Ĳƽ
A rise or increase, as in prices or enrollment.
ǣӣ۸
One of the natural protuberances on the human skull, considered to have significance in phrenology.
ͷ¡ͷǹǵ͹ڹѧϱΪҪ
A forward thrust of the pelvis, as in a burlesque striptease.
ǰͻйǰͻ
Slang A shot of hard liquor, sometimes accompanied by a beer chaser.
ٵ һƣһҾƣʱϵơ
?
bump into
To meet by chance:
żȻ
I often bump into him at the supermarket.
Ҿڳгͬڶ
bump off ٵ
To murder.
ɵıɱ
?
[Imitative] 
[ģ´] 

= =
bunch
bunch
AHD:[b?nch] 
D.J.[bJnt.]
K.K.[bJnt.]
n.ʣ
A group of things growing close together; a cluster or clump:
úܽһԶһһ
a bunch of grapes; grass growing in bunches.
һѣĲ
A group of like items or individuals gathered or placed together:
һһȺһһһȺƵĶ壺
a bunch of keys on a ring; people standing around in bunches.
ϵһԿףΧȦվŵ
Informal A group of people usually having a common interest or association:
ʽ һһйͬȤϵһȺˣ
My brother and his bunch are basketball fanatics.
ֵܺĻǶ
Informal A considerable number or amount; a lot:
ʽ ɹ۵Ŀ
a bunch of trouble; a whole bunch of food.
ѣʢʳ
A small lump or swelling; a bump.
͹¡һСͻ׿飻¡
v.ʣ
bunched,bunch.ing,bunch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gather or form into a cluster:
۳һγһ
bunched my fingers into a fist.
ҵճȭͷ
To gather together into a group.
۳һ
To gather (fabric) into folds.
ʹޣʹ֯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a cluster or group:
γһγһ飺
runners bunching up at the starting line.
Ͼһ
To be gathered together in folds, as fabric.
ޣ֯һ
To swell; protrude.
ͣ͹
?
Middle English bonche 
йӢ bonche 
probably from Flemish bondje [diminutive of] bont [bundle] 
Դ â bondje  [] bontС׺ [] 
from Middle Dutch * see  bundle 
Դ йź *μ bundle
?
bunchiness
n.ʣ
bunchy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
bundle
bun.dle
AHD:[b?ndl] 
D.J.[6bJndl]
K.K.[6bJnd1]
n.Abbr. bd.,bdl,bdle.ʣд bd.,bdl,bdle.
A group of objects held together, as by tying or wrapping.
ͨһһЩ
Something wrapped or tied up for carrying; a package.
ΪЯһĶ
Biology A cluster or strand of closely bound muscle or nerve fibers.
ѧ άһһļά
Botany A vascular bundle.
ֲѧ ά
Informal 
ʽ 
A large amount; a lot:
ࣺ
had a bundle of fun at the dance.
úܿ
A large sum of money:
һǮ
made a bundle selling real estate.
ͨ׬һǮ
v.ʣ
bun.dled,bun.dling,bun.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tie, wrap, or gather together.
һ𣬰һһ
To dispatch or dispense of quickly and with little fuss; hustle:
ѡæߣѺܿ򼷳ƣ
bundled the child off to school.
ҴҽС͵ѧУ
To dress (a person) warmly:
ʹĳˣůͣ
bundled them up in winter clothes.
Ǵ϶±ů
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hurry; hasten:
Ͽ죻Ͻ
The children came bundling in from outside.
Ǻܿش
To dress oneself warmly.
ʹԼů
To sleep in the same bed while fully clothed, a custom formerly practiced by engaged couples in New England and in Wales.
δŮͬ˯е·˯ͬһŴϣԭӢʿڶ򸾵һַ
?
Middle English bundel 
йӢ bundel 
probably from Middle Dutch bondel * see  bhendh- 
Դ йź bondel *μ bhendh- 
?
bundler
n.ʣ

= =
burden
burden 1
AHD:[b?rdn] 
D.J.[6bT8dn]
K.K.[6bPd2]
n.ʣ
Something that is carried.
ӣĶ
Something that is emotionally difficult to bear.
鸺ʹ˸ԳܵĶ
A source of great worry or stress; weight:
ΣǻѹֵԴȪظ
The burden of economic sacrifice rests on the workers of the plant.
ĸ䵽Ĺ
A responsibility or duty:
Σ
The burden of organizing the campaign fell to me.
֯λ䵽ͷ
Nautical 
 
The amount of cargo that a vessel can carry.
أܹػ
The weight of the cargo carried by a vessel at one time.
λһοװػ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bur.dened,bur.den.ing,bur.dens 
To weigh down; oppress.
ѹѹ
To load or overload.
װػ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English byrthen * see  bher- 1
Դ Ӣ byrthen *μ bher- 1
?
burden,affliction,cross,trial,tribulation
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something that is onerous or troublesome: 
Щʵ˼ǡػ鷳顱 
the burden of a guilty conscience;
ʶظ
indebtedness that is an affliction;
һֲҵĸծ
illness that is her cross;
ëƢꣻ
sitting still, a trial to the very young;
ڵţ˺Խ
domestic tribulations. 
ͥ 
?
burden
burden 2
AHD:[b?rdn] 
D.J.[6bT8dn]
K.K.[6bPd2]
n.ʣ
A principal or recurring idea; a theme:
⣬ּҪĻ򷴸ֵ˼룻⣺
The burden of what he said was to defend enthusiastically the conservative aristocracy(J.A. Froude)See Synonyms at substance 
˵ԵرؾɵĹ塱(J.A.͵)μ substance
Music 
֡ 
The chorus or refrain of a composition.
裺еĸ
The drone of a bagpipe.
ոѵĵ
Archaic The bass accompaniment to a song.
 ĵ
?
Variant of bourdon 
 bourdonı

= =
bureau
bu.reau
AHD:[by?r?] 
D.J.[6bj&*r*&]
K.K.[6bj&ro]
n.ʣ
 bu.reaus  bu.reaux [-?z]  
A chest of drawers, especially a dresser for holding clothes.
嶷Ĵ䣬ָ·İ¹
Chiefly British A writing desk or writing table with drawers.
Ӣ д̨дд̨
Abbr. bur.,bu.
д bur.,bu.
A government department or a subdivision of a department.
˾λŻ
An office, usually of a large organization, that is responsible for a specific duty:
칫𣺸ضһ칫ңͨΪһ֯
a news bureau.
һµİ칫
A business that offers information of a specified kind:
ҵṩϢҵţ
a travel bureau.
ξ
?
French [cloth cover for desks, desk, office] 
 [д̨칫] 
from Old French burel [woolen cloth] 
Դ ŷ burel [ëƲ] 
probably from Vulgar Latin *b?a 
Դ  *b?a 
from Late Latin burra [shaggy garment] 
Դ  burra [ë׵·] 

= =
bureaucracy
bu.reauc.ra.cy
AHD:[by?-r?kr-s?] 
D.J.[bj&6rKkr*si8]
K.K.[bj&6r$kr*si]
n.ʣ
 bu.reauc.ra.cies 
Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials.
ϵͳҪͨδѡĹԱؾֻ򴦽е
The departments and their officials as a group:
ţźԱΪһܳƣ
promised to reorganize the federal bureaucracy.

Management or administration marked by diffusion of authority among numerous offices and adherence to inflexible rules of operation:
壺һڶӵȨλҹŲΪصĴ
knew something about bureaucracy and those nameless, faceless forces that can crush the life's blood from the individual(Rollene W. Saal)
˽һЩڹЩġģܹԭӸмѹ(W.)
An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow complex procedures impedes effective action:
ƶȣһƶȣҪһӵĹ̴Ӷ谭Чжƶȣ
innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy.
뷱Ƚں͹ƶеĴ·
?
French bureaucratie 
 bureaucratie 
bureau [office] * see  bureau 
bureau [칫] *μ bureau
-cratie [rule]  from Old French * see  -cracy 
-cratie [򣬹]  Դ ŷ *μ -cracy

= =
burial
bur.i.al
AHD:[br?-l] 
D.J.[6beri8*l]
K.K.[6bWri*l]
n.ʣ
The act or process of burying.
᣺Ϊ
?
Middle English buriel 
йӢ buriel 
back-formation from buriels  [taken as pl.] 
Դ buriels湹  [] 
from Old English byrgels * see  bhergh- 1
Դ Ӣ byrgels *μ bhergh- 1
?
burial
adj.ݴʣ

= =
bury
bur.y
AHD:[br?] 
D.J.[6beri8]
K.K.[6bWri]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bur.ied,bur.y.ing,bur.ies 
To place in the ground:
񣺷ڵ£
bury a bone.
һͷ
To place (a corpse) in a grave, a tomb, or the sea; inter.
᣺ʬ壩ĹĹѨ
To conceal by or as if by covering over with earth; hide:
䣺ǻƵķڸǣأ
buried her face in the pillow; buried the secret deep within himself.See Synonyms at hide 1
ͷԼμ hide1
To occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorb:
ר־ռݣĳˣܴעȫע
buried myself in my studies.
רҵо
To put an end to; abandon:

buried their quarrel and shook hands.
Ժ
?
bury the hatchet
To stop fighting; resolve a quarrel.
źͣԹںãֹͣս
?
Middle English burien 
йӢ burien 
from Old English byrgan * see  bhergh- 1
Դ Ӣ byrgan *μ bhergh- 1
?
burier
n.ʣ
?
Bury
Bur.y
AHD:[br?] 
D.J.[6beri8]
K.K.[6bWri]
NONE޴ԣ
A borough of northwest England north-northwest of Manchester. It was founded on the site of a Saxon settlement and has been a textile center since the 14th century. Population, 
177,600.
ӢһУλ˹ƫһѷľַϣ14һֱǸ֯ġ˿177,600

= =
burst
burst
AHD:[b?rst] 
D.J.[bT8st]
K.K.[bPst]
v.ʣ
burst,burst.ing,bursts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come open or fly apart suddenly or violently, especially from internal pressure.
ѣըƣͻȻҵĿѻըָڲѹ
To explode.
ʹը
To be or seem to be full to the point of breaking open:
ѡ뵽һڴ
The sacks were bursting with grain.
װ˹
To emerge, come forth, or arrive suddenly:
ͻȻس֡򵽴
burst out of the door.
ͻȻű
To come apart or seem to come apart because of overwhelming emotion:
ڲƵжҪ
thought his heart would burst with happiness.
еĿֿҪ
To give sudden utterance or expression:
ͻȻͻȻط
burst out laughing; burst into tears.
ͻȻЦͻȻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to burst:
ʹը
burst the balloon.See Synonyms at break 
ըμ break
To exert strong pressure in order to force (something) open.
ƣƣΪʹĳ򿪶ʩǿѹ
Computer Science To separate (a continuous form or printout) into individual sheets.
ѧ ֡ҳָѣıӡļֳɵҳ
n.ʣ
A sudden outbreak or outburst; an explosion.
ըѣͻȻըѿը
The result of bursting, especially the explosion of a projectile or bomb on impact or in the air.
ըըĽָըĿڿбը
The number of bullets fired from an automatic weapon by one pull of the trigger.
䣺ڿ۶Զһӵ
A volley of bullets fired from an automatic weapon:
Զӵ
The machine gunner fired a quick burst.
ǹ
An abrupt, intense increase; a rush:
ͻͻȻĴͻ
a burst of speed; wind blowing in fitful bursts.
ٶ󾢴ķ
?
Middle English bursten 
йӢ bursten 
from Old English berstan 
Դ Ӣ berstan 

= =
bus
bus
AHD:[b?s] 
D.J.[bJs]
K.K.[bJs]
n.ʣ
 bus.es  bus.ses  
A long motor vehicle for carrying passengers, usually along a fixed route.
һؿ͵ĳͻָͨ·ʻ
Informal A large or ungainly automobile.
ʽ ޴Ļ׾
A four-wheeled cart for carrying dishes in a restaurant.
ͲΪͲȶ
Electricity A bus bar.
ѧ ĸ
Computer Science A parallel circuit that connects the major components of a computer, allowing the transfer of electric impulses from one connected component to any other.
ѧ ݴߣߣĸߣҪһƽеߣʹõ֮䴫
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a bus station; a bus tour.
վ˹
v.ʣ
bused  bussed bus.ing  bus.sing bus.es  bus.ses  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport in a bus.
ù
To transport (schoolchildren) by bus to schools outside their neighborhoods, especially as a means of achieving racial integration.
УѧУѧ˵ԶסĵطѧָΪﵽںĿĵһַʽ
To carry or clear (dishes) in a restaurant.
Աڷˣӣϴӣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel in a bus.
˹
To work as a busboy.
ӹ
?
Short for omnibus 
 omnibusļд
V., intr., sense 2, back-formation from busboy 
ﶯ2Դ busboyɴ

= =
bush
bush 1
AHD:[b?sh] 
D.J.[b&.]
K.K.[b&.]
n.ʣ
A low shrub with many branches.
ľһֶ֦İ
A thick growth of shrubs; a thicket.
ľԣľŨȺ
Land covered with dense vegetation or undergrowth.
δѵĴֵأŨĲֻ²ָǵ
Land remote from settlement:
ҰԶסأ
the Australian bush.
ĴǵδѻҰ
A shaggy mass, as of hair.
һѣŨҵһѣͷ
A fox's tail.
β
Archaic A clump of ivy hung outside a tavern to indicate the availability of wine inside.
 ٣־õҵĳٴԣʾڹӦѾ
Obsolete A tavern.
 ջƵ
v.ʣ
bushed,bush.ing,bushes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow or branch out like a bush.
ɹľΣľһ֦
To extend in a bushy growth.
ľһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To decorate, protect, or support with bushes.
ùľװΡ֧
adj.ݴʣ
Slang Bush-league; second-rate:
ٵ ͼģģ
Reviewers here have tended to see in him a kind of bush D.H. Lawrence(Saturday Review)
ۼڰΪDH˹һС˵ҡ()
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
partly from Old English busc 
Դ Ӣ busc 
partly from Old French bois [wood]  [of Germanic origin] 
Դ ŷ bois [ľͷ]  [Դն] 
and partly of Scandinavian origin  ; akin to  Danish busk 
ҲΪ˹άԴ     busk 
N., sense 3, possibly from Dutch bosch 
ʣ3Դ  bosch 
?
bush
bush 2
AHD:[b?sh] 
D.J.[b&.]
K.K.[b&.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bushed,bush.ing,bush.es 
To furnish or line with a bushing.
ӳڣڣһ׻׹װλ
?
From bush [bushing] 
Դ bush [ףף] 
possibly alteration of Dutch bus [box] 
Ϊ  busı仯 [] 
?
Bush
Bush
AHD:[b?sh] Barbara (Born 1925) 
D.J.[b&.]
K.K.[b&.]
NONE޴ԣ
First Lady of the United States (since 1989) as the wife of President George Bush. She has been active in promoting literacy.
ʲŰ( 1925) һˣ1989꣩ΡʲͳķˡٽäĻ
?
Bush
BushGeorge Herbert Walker (Born 1924)
NONE޴ԣ
The 41st President of the United States (since 1989). He was previously U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (1971-1972) and China (1974-1975), director of the Central Intelligence 
Agency (1976-1977), and Vice President (1981-1989) under Ronald Reagan.
ʲΡղءֿˣ( 1924) ʮһͳ1989꣩פϹ(1971-1972꣩й(1974-1975꣩⽻ʹ鱨־ֳ(1976-1977꣩
ɵ¡ĸͳ(1981-1989꣩
?
Bush
BushVannevar (1890-1974)
NONE޴ԣ
American electrical engineer and physicist who designed (1928) the differential analyzer, an early computer, and directed the World War II effort to develop the first atomic bomb.
ʲګߣ(1890-1974) ʦѧңƳ΢ַ(1928꣩ڵĵӼڵڶսеһöԭӵĿ

= =
busy
bus.y
AHD:[b1z?] 
D.J.[6b!zi8]
K.K.[6b!zi]
adj.ݴʣ
bus.i.er,bus.i.est 
Engaged in activity, as work; occupied.
æģæڻ繤ģûյ
Sustaining much activity:
æµģάֺܶģ
a busy morning; a busy street.
æµ糿æĽֵ
Meddlesome; prying.
µģ̽
Being in use, as a telephone line.
ռߵģʹõģ绰
Cluttered with detail to the point of being distracting:
ӵģҵģҴﵽɢĳ̶ȣ
a busy design.
ӵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
bus.ied,bus.y.ing,bus.ies 
To make busy; occupy:
ʹæڣʹæµ״̬ռã
busied myself preparing my tax return.
æ׼걨˰
?
Middle English bisi, busi 
йӢ bisi, busi 
from Old English bisig 
Դ Ӣ bisig 
?
busily
adv.ʣ
busyness
n.ʣ
?
busy,industrious,diligent,assiduous,sedulous
All these adjectives suggest active or sustained effort to accomplish something.
ЩݴʶʾŬȥĳ¡
 Busy,   the most general, often refers simply and nonspecifically to engagement in activity: 
 Busy  ձģָͨ򵥵غָĴ» 
Don't bother me-I'm busy. The word sometimes indicates constant and customary work or activity: 
ңæء ʱҲʾԵĺϰԵĹ 
a busy lawyer;
æµʦ
a busy day.
æһ졣
Industrious   implies steady application that is often habitual or the result of a natural inclination: 
Industrious  ʾϰߵĻȻĹ̶÷ 
The raspberries were harvested by industrious workers.
ڵͶջɽݮ
Diligent   suggests constant painstaking effort,often toward the achievement of a specific goal: 
Diligent  ʾʱ˼ָΪﵽһضĿ꣺ 
A diligent detective investigates all clues.
ڷܵ̽е
Assiduous   emphasizes sustained application: 
Assiduous  ǿڷܣ 
She is assiduous in her efforts to learn French.
иŬѧϰ
Sedulous   adds toassiduous  the sense of persistent, thoroughgoing endeavor:  
Sedulous  assiduous ıּŬ˼  
the sedulous pursuit of legal and moral principles  (Ernest van den Haag); 
 Էɺ͵¹淶и׷  ŷ˹ء 
the innovative specialty store and oasis of elegant gadgets to the sedulous and casual collector alike  (Time).
 ӱز̵;СĴŴղ˵һ ʱ

= =
business
busi.ness
AHD:[b1zn1s] 
D.J.[6b!zn!s]
K.K.[6b!zn!s]
n.Abbr. bus.ʣд bus.
The occupation, work, or trade in which a person is engaged:
ְҵҵһµְҵҵ
the wholesale food business.
ʳƷҵ
A specific occupation or pursuit:
ҵҵְҵ
the best designer in the business.
ҵõʦ
Commercial, industrial, or professional dealings:
ҵ⣬ҵҵְҵף
new systems now being used in business.
ڽõϵͳ
A commercial enterprise or establishment:
ҵҵʩ
bought his uncle's business.
常ҵ
Volume or amount of commercial trade:
óҵó׵
Business had fallen off.
óѾ½
Commercial dealings; patronage:
ҵ
took her business to a trustworthy salesperson.
˽һɿԱ
One's rightful or proper concern or interest:
ȨȷǡĹϵȤ
The business of America is business(Calvin Coolidge)
Ȩǽס(ġ֥)
Something involving one personally:
˽£йص
It's none of my business.
ⲻҵ
Serious work or endeavor:
ŬĹŬ
got right down to business.
һγ׵Ŭ
An affair or matter:
¼
We will proceed no further in this business(Shakespeare)
Ͻʲôչ(ɯʿ)
An incidental action performed by an actor on the stage to fill a pause between lines or to provide interesting detail.
ԱģԱ̨Ϊ̨ʼͣٺṩȤϸĸӶ
Informal Verbal abuse; scolding:
ʽ 𱸣
gave me the business for being late.
Ϊٵܵ
Obsolete The condition of being busy.
 æµæµ״
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a business computer; a business suit.
ҵԣװ
?
Middle English businesse 
йӢ businesse 
from bisi [busy] * see  busy 
Դ bisi [æµ] *μ busy
?
business,industry,commerce,trade,traffic
These nouns apply to forms of activity that have the objective of supplying commodities.
ЩṩƷΪĿĵĻʽ
 Business   pertains broadly to commercial, financial, and industrial activity: 
 Business  㷺Ʒںҵ 
decided to go into the oil business.
漰ʯóס
Industry   is the production and manufacture of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale: 
Industry  ָƷƷ죬ָڴΧڣ 
the computer industry;
ҵ
the arms industry.
ҵ
Commerce   andtrade  refer to the exchange and distribution of goods or commodities:  
Commerce  trade ָƷĽͷ䣺  
laws regulating interstate commerce;
淶ݼó׵ķɣ
involved in the domestic fur trade;
漰ڵƤë׻
foreign commerce  (ortrade ). 
ó  trade ) 
 Traffic   pertains broadly to commercial dealingsbut in particular to businesses engaged in the transportation of goods or passengers: 
 Traffic  㷺ҵ񣬵ָ»ÿ 
renovated the docks to attract shipping traffic. The word may also suggest illegal trade, as in narcotics: 
ɴҵ ҲڱʾǷףҩĽף 
Traffic in stolen goods was brisk. See also Synonyms at  affair 
Σյ μͬ affair

= =
but
but
AHD:[b?t] [bt] ضʱ 
D.J.[bJt][b*t]ضʱ 
K.K.[bJt][b*t]ضʱ 
conj.Ӵʣ
On the contrary:
ǣ෴أ
the plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
ƻĲǷٶǻ
Contrary to expectation; yet:
ǣȻԤ෴Ȼ
She organized her work but accomplished very little. He is tired but happy.
Ȼֻ˺Сһۣ֡
Usage Problem Used to indicate an exception:
÷ѡ ˣڱʾһ⣺
No one but she saw the prowler.
ûһ˿Ǹ
With the exception that; except that. Used to introduce a dependent clause:
ǣǣˡһĴӾ䣺
would have resisted but that they lacked courage.
ȱǻֿ
Informal Without the result that:
ʽ ûûн
It never rains but it pours.
ײ
Informal That. Often used after a negative:
ʽ Ӵʡͨڷʽ棺
There is no doubt but right will prevail.
޷ʣ彫ȡʤ
That . . . not. Used after a negative or question:
񶨡ڷ񶨴ʻʴ֮
There never is a tax law presented but someone will oppose it.
е˰ûһû˷Ե
If not; unless:
ǣ
Ten to one but the police have got them(Charlotte M. Yonge)
ʮ֮˾žѾץסˡ(M.ٸ)
Informal Than:
ʽ ȡ
They had no sooner arrived but they turned around and left.
Ƿȥþ͵Ŀĵ
prep.ʣ
Usage Problem Except.
÷ѡ 
adv.ʣ
Merely; just; only:
ֻֻУ
hopes that lasted but a moment.
ϣƬ
Used as an intensive:
ǿ
Get out of here but fast!
̴ȥ!
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English b?n * see  ud- 
Դ Ӣ b?n *μ ud- 
?
Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut  is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I  (or No one but me ) has 
read it.  Some have argued thatbut  is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI.   However, many of these grammarians have gone on 
to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme  is appropriate when the but  phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me.  While this treatment 
of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut  
as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut  were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut;   we would then 
sayNo one but the students have read it.   What is more, ifbut  were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it 
but the students.   Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand  in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class  in place of John and everyone else in the class left.   
These observations suggest thatbut  is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme  and them  in all positions: No one but me has read it. No 
one has read it but me.   These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut  phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut  phrase follows 
the verb.  But  is redundant when used together with however,  as in But the army, however, went on with its plans;   one or the other word should be eliminated. But  is generally 
not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed,  not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed.   But  may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of 
style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1
ͳ﷨ѧҿǵbut ڱʾ˼ʱӦʲôʽĴʣ No one but I  No one but me ) has read it  Ϊbut ־Ǹʣ Ӧʹ
I  Ȼ﷨ѧҽЩһ£but ھĩβʱñ me ȽϺʣ No one has read it but meû˶  ͬʱֽṹ
ǰôҪֵÿǵģҲᱻΪǲȷģһ﷨ڣΪbut ʹá but ڴһʵĻ ǻͬ
˳ƺϱһµĶʸbut 棻 ǻ˵No one but the students have read itѧû˶  ߣbut ڴʵĻǲϣ
ھĩβ ھNo one has read it but the students С עǲƵķʽʹand ˵ John left and everyone else in the class  John and everyone 
else in the class left  Щֱbut ڴñʣ κλú涼Ӧʽme  them  No one but me has read it. No one has read it but meû˶
  but ڶ֮ǰʱаٷ֮ʮ÷רʹСԱ֧Щ飻 but ڶ֮ʱõٷ֮ʮСԱ֧֡ But ͬ 
however һʹʱǶģ But the army, however, went on with its plans  ʱȥһBut ͨ治Ӷš ȷдKim wanted to go, but we 
stayed,  Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed  But Է׼ľӿͷ μ and,cannot,doubt,however,I1

= =
butcher
butch.er
AHD:[b?chr] 
D.J.[6b&t.*]
K.K.[6b&t.+]
n.ʣ
One that slaughters and dresses animals for food or market.
Ϊʳûɱʹ
One that sells meats.
̷
One who kills brutally or indiscriminately.
ɱߣ̵֣Ļɱ޹
A vender, especially one on a train or in a theater.
СָڻϻԺǹС
One who bungles something.
׾ˣһһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
butch.ered,butch.er.ing,butch.ers 
To slaughter or prepare (animals) for market.
ףΪɱ
To kill brutally or indiscriminately.
ɱŰɱ̵ػ򲻼ѡɱ
To botch; bungle:
Ū㣻Ū
butcher a project; butchered the language.
ŪһĿɱĻ
?
Middle English bucher 
йӢ bucher 
from Old French bouchier 
Դ ŷ bouchier 
from bouc, boc [he-goat] 
Դ bouc, boc [] 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
butcherer
n.ʣ

= =
butter
but.ter
AHD:[b?tr] 
D.J.[6bJt*]
K.K.[6bJt+]
n.ʣ
A soft yellowish or whitish emulsion of butterfat, water, air, and sometimes salt, churned from milk or cream and processed for use in cooking and as a food.
ͣͣһ֬ˮʱεǳɫɫ黯ͨţ̻֬ãӹ⿺ͲΪʳ
Any of various substances similar to butter, especially:
ƻ͵ʣָ
A spread made from fruit, nuts, or other foods:
ˮʻʳƵõĽ״ʳƷ
apple butter.
ƻ
A vegetable fat having a nearly solid consistency at ordinary temperatures.
ֲ֬ڳ¼ֽܱӽֲ̬֬
Flattery.
лά
v.tr.ﶯʣ
but.tered,but.ter.ing,but.ters 
To put butter on or in.
Ϳϻϻ
?
butter up
To praise or flatter excessively:
ģҫȵУ
You're always buttering up the boss.
ϰƨ
?
Middle English butere 
йӢ butere 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin butyrum 
Դ  butyrum 
from Greek bouturon 
Դ ϣ bouturon 
bous [cow] * see  g wou- 
bous [ţ] *μ g wou- 
turos [cheese] * see  teu- 
turos [] *μ teu- 

= =
butterfly
but.ter.fly
AHD:[b?tr-flo] 
D.J.[6bJt*7fla!]
K.K.[6bJt+7fla!]
n.ʣ
Any of various insects of the order Lepidoptera, characteristically having slender bodies, knobbed antennae, and four broad, usually colorful wings.
۳Ŀ棬ΪϸͻĸͨǲɫĿĳ
A person interested principally in frivolous pleasure:
ֹḡˣҪḡָȤˣ
a social butterfly.
ḡĽʻ
Sports The butterfly stroke.
˶ Ӿ
butterflies A feeling of unease or mild nausea caused especially by fearful anticipation.
 butterflies ¶رڿµԤжĲʸоȵĶŻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a butterfly knife; a butterfly hinge.
С
v.tr.ﶯʣ
but.ter.flied,but.ter.fly.ing,but.ter.flies 
To cut and spread open and flat, as shrimp.
п̯ƽϺ
?
Middle English butterflye 
йӢ butterflye 
from Old English butorfl?e 
Դ Ӣ butorfl?e 
butor, butere [butter] * see  butter 
butor, butere [] *μ butter
fl?e [fly] * see  fly 2
fl?e [] *μ fly2
?
Is a butterfly named for the color of its excrement or because it was really a thieving witch?The first suggestion rests on the fact that an early Dutch name for the butterfly 
wasboterschijte.   This name is as astonishing a phenomenon as the fact that anyone ever noticed the color of butterfly excrement.Apparently, however, when the butterfly was not busy 
leaving colorful traces of itself, it was stealing milk and butter.This was not because of its thievish nature but because it was really a mischievous witch in the form of a winged 
insect.So the second suggestion is that this predilection for butter larceny gave rise to the colorful insect's name.
йɫģΪȷǸ͵ľ?һںڹŴеΪboterschijte ʵ ͬκ˶ע⵽
йɫʵһǸ˳ԾȻȻæǲɫмæ͵ţ̻͡ⲻΪ͵ԵԶΪȷʵһֻ
Ϊгľ顣Եڶ͵ԵȺ˲ɫ

= =
button
but.ton
AHD:[b?tn] 
D.J.[6bJtn]
K.K.[6bJt2]
n.ʣ
A generally disk-shaped fastener used to join two parts of a garment by fitting through a buttonhole or loop.
ťۣͨΪԲƬ״Ĺڴۻۻ·
Such an object used for decoration.
װοۣװεť
Any of various objects resembling a button, especially:
ťƵĶť۵Ķرָ
A push-button switch.
ť
The blunt tip of a fencing foil.
Ķ۽ͷ
A fused metal or glass globule.
򣬲ۺϵĽС
Any of various knoblike structures of a plant or animal, especially:
ֲĸ״ṹָ
An immature, unexpanded mushroom.
ĩģδſĢ
The tip of a rattlesnake's rattle.
β߷ٵĩ
A usually round flat badge that bears a design or printed information and is typically pinned to a garment:
ԲС£ͨΪһԲαƽĻ£лƻӡƵϢԵر·ϣ
a campaign button.

Informal The end of the chin, regarded as the point of impact for a punch.
ʽ ⣺°͵¶ˣȭĹ
v.ʣ
but.toned,but.ton.ing,but.tons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten with buttons:
ťۿ۽
buttoned his shirt; buttoned up her raincoat.
ϳťۣ¿ۺ
To decorate or furnish with buttons.
ťװ
Informal To close (the lips or mouth):
ʽ 죺ϣ˫ͣ
Button your lip.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or be capable of being fastened with buttons:
Ͽӣÿӿס
The blouse buttons up the back.
·ӱť
?
on the button
Exactly; precisely.
׼ȷȷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French bouton 
Դ ŷ bouton 
from bouter [to thrust] 
Դ bouter [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  bhau- 
[Դն] *μ bhau- 
?
buttoner
n.ʣ
buttony
adj.ݴʣ
?
Button
But.ton
AHD:[b?tn] Richard Totten  Known as Dick.(Born 1929) 
D.J.[6bJtn]
K.K.[6bJt2]
NONE޴ԣ
American figure skater who was U.S. men's champion from 1946 to 1952 and won Olympic gold medals in 1948 and 1952.
Ͷ٣¡ͼ̹( 1929) ˶Ա19461952Ϊӹھ19481952ðƥ˽

= =
buy
buy
AHD:[bo] 
D.J.[ba!]
K.K.[ba!]
v.ʣ
bought[b?t] buy.ing,buys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To acquire in exchange for money or its equivalent; purchase.See Regional Note at boughten 
Ǯȼȡμ boughten
To be capable of purchasing:
ɹ򵽵ģܹõģ
Certainly there are lots of things in life that money won't buy(Ogden Nash)
ȻණǮܹõġ(¸ǡʲ)
To acquire by sacrifice, exchange, or trade:
ȡͨĳִۡóȡ
wanted to buy love with gifts.
ȡ
To bribe:
¸
tried to buy a judge.
ͼ¸
Slang To accept the truth or feasibility of:
ٵ ɣϣʵʵԣ
The officer didn't buy my lame excuse for speeding.
ǹԱҳʻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To purchase goods; act as a purchaser.
򣺹һ
To believe in a person or movement or subscribe to an idea or theory:
Σĳ˻ĳ˶ͬĳһ۵ۣ
couldn't buy into that brand of conservatism.
޷ͬ
n.ʣ
Something bought or for sale; a purchase.
Ļ۵Ķһ׮
Informal Something that is underpriced; a bargain.
ʽ ף۸ѹ˵Ķһڽ
?
buy off
To bribe in order to proceed without interference or be exempted from an obligation or from prosecution.
ͨ¸ͼܸŵسлĳһλ
buy out
To purchase the entire stock, business rights, or interests of.
򾡣ȫȨ
buy up
To purchase all that is available of.
ȫṩж
?
buy time
To increase the time available for a specific purpose:
Ӯȡʱ䣺ĳһĿĿʱ䣺
A moderate recovery thus buys time for Congress and the Administration to whittle the deficit(G. David Wallace)
һеĲʩΪ𽥼ٳӮʱ䡱(G.άʿ)
buy the farmٵ
To die, especially suddenly or violently.
ָͻԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English bycgan 
Դ Ӣ bycgan 
?
buyable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
buzz
buzz
AHD:[b?z] 
D.J.[bJz]
K.K.[bJz]
v.ʣ
buzzed,buzz.ing,buzz.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a low droning or vibrating sound like that of a bee.
˽У۷һͳ
To talk, often excitedly, in low tones.
̸ͨ˷ܵõ̸
To be abuzz; hum:
ɢ˽У
The department was buzzing with rumors.
ﵽɢҥ
To move quickly and busily; bustle.
æȥæ
To make a signal with a buzzer.
ź
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to buzz.
ʹ˽
To utter in a rapid, low voice:
棺ÿ͵ɤ
What is he buzzing in my ears?(Robert Browning)
Ҷ߹Щʲô(޲ء)
Informal To fly low over:
ʽ ͷɣӹ͵͵طɹ
The plane buzzed the control tower.
ɻ͵͵طɹ
To signal with a buzzer.
÷򡭷ź
To make a telephone call to.
绰
n.ʣ
A vibrating, humming, or droning sound.
񶯡ߺ߻
A low murmur:
棺
a buzz of talk.
̸
A telephone call:
绰
Give me a buzz at nine.
ŵӴ绰
Slang Pleasant intoxication, as from alcohol.
ٵ ƣĳƾ
?
buzz off ʽ
To leave quickly; go away:
æ뿪߿
I told them in no uncertain terms to buzz off.
ҸѸ뿪
?
Middle English bussen [of imitative origin] 
йӢ bussen [Դʵ] 

= =
by
.by
abbr.
 Belarus [in Internet addresses] 
Belarus[in Internet addresses] 
?
by
by 1
AHD:[bo] 
D.J.[ba!]
K.K.[ba!]
prep.ʣ
Close to; next to:
ӽ
the window by the door.
ŵĴ
With the use or help of; through:
ڣͨ
We came by the back road.
ǴӺС·
Up to and beyond; past:
ǰ棻
We drove by the house.
ʻ
In the period of; during:
ڡڼ䣻ڡм䣺
sleeping by day.
ڰ˯
Not later than:
ڣ
by 5:30p.m.  
 5:30 
In the amount of:
ԡƵģ
letters by the thousands.
ǧƵż
To the extent of:
ﵽ̶ȣ
shorter by two inches.
Ӣ
According to:
գݣ
played by the rules.

With respect to:
أ͡˵
siblings by blood.
ϵ
In the name of:
ԡ壺
swore by the Bible to tell the truth.
ʥ˵滰
Through the agency or action of:
ͨĳΪ
was killed by a bullet.
ӵ
Used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities:
һһأڱʾһϵеض塢
One by one they left. They were persuaded little by little.
һһȥˡǽ˵
Used in multiplication and division:
ˣڳ˷ͳ
Multiply 4 by 6 to get 24.
4624
Used with measurements:
ڶ
a room 12 by 18 feet.
12Ӣ߿18Ӣ߳ķ
Used to express direction with points of the compass:
ڱʾĳһΧڵķλ
south by southeast.
ƫ
adv.ʣ
On hand; nearby:
Աߣֱߣͽģ
Stand by.
վԱ
Aside; away:
һߣã
We put it by for later.
ǰһߣԺ˵
Up to, alongside, and past:
ţȥ
The car raced by.
۶
Into the past:
ţ
as years go by.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English boe * see  ambhi 
Դ Ӣ boe *μ ambhi 
?
by
by 2
AHD:[bo] 
D.J.[ba!]
K.K.[ba!]
n.ʣ
Variant of bye 
 byeı

= =
bypass
bypass Ҳ by-pass
AHD:[bop2s] 
D.J.[6ba!7p#s]
K.K.[6ba!7p#s]
n.ʣ
A highway that passes around or to one side of an obstructed or congested area.
֧·ԵƹһνͨͨĹ·
A pipe or channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture.
ػعܵҺƹܵװõһֹܵ
A means of circumvention.
ƿرܵ;
Electricity See  shunt 
ѧ μ  shunt 
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
An alternative passage created surgically to divert the flow of blood or other bodily fluid or circumvent an obstructed or diseased organ.
ܣʹѪҺҺƹĳһ򲡱˵ٵ滻
A surgical procedure to create such a channel:
滻ܣһֵܵḶ́
a coronary artery bypass; a gastric bypass.
״ܣθ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
by.passed,by.pass.ing,by.pass.es 
To avoid (an obstacle) by using an alternative channel, passage, or route.
ͨͨܵ·⣨
To be heedless of; ignore:
ӣ⣻ӣ
bypassed standard office procedures.
˰칫ҵĹ涨
To channel (piped liquid, for example) through a bypass.
ܵ䣺ͨػعܵͣװڵҺ壩

= =
cabbage
cab.bage
AHD:[k2b1j] 
D.J.[6k#b!d9]
K.K.[6k#b!d9]
n.ʣ
Any of several forms of a European vegetable(Brassica oleracea  var. capitata)  of the mustard family, having a globose head consisting of a short stem and tightly overlapping green to 
purplish leaves. 
Ĳˣˣŷ޼ʮֻ߲֮һ̦ܿ  Ĳˣ ͷΣɶ̾ͽܲɫԴɫҶ 
Any of several similar or related plants, such as Chinese cabbage.
ĲˣһƵĻصֲйĲ
The terminal bud of several species of palm, eaten as a vegetable.
ѿ鵵Ķ˵ѿ߲ʳ
Slang Money, especially in the form of bills.
ٵ ֽңֽǮָֽ
Informal Sweetheart; dear. Used as a term of endearment.
ʽ ģˡôڱʾ
?
Middle English caboche 
йӢ caboche 
from Old North French [head] 
Դ ŷ [ͷ] 
possibly from alteration of Latin caput * see  capital 1
Ϊ  caputı仯 *μ capital1
?
cabbagy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cabin
cab.in
AHD:[k2b1n] 
D.J.[6k#b!n]
K.K.[6k#b!n]
n.ʣ
A small, roughly built house; a cottage.
Сľݣé᣺򵥽Сݣľ
Nautical 
 
A room in a ship used as living quarters by an officer or a passenger.
ңͲգִϵһС䣬ΪԱÿ͵ס
An enclosed compartment in a boat that serves as a shelter or as living quarters.
գһյĲңΪڱס
The enclosed space in an aircraft or spacecraft for the crew, passengers, or cargo.
գɻɴΪԱÿͻķյС
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
cab.ined,cab.in.ing,cab.ins 
To confine or live in or as if in a small space or area.
нĽнڡסڻƺһСռ䡢С
?
Middle English caban 
йӢ caban 
from Old French cabane 
Դ ŷ cabane 
from Old Proven?al cabana 
Դ ˹ cabana 
from Late Latin capanna 
Դ  capanna 

= =
cabinet
cab.i.net
AHD:[k2b-n1t] 
D.J.[6k#b*n!t]
K.K.[6k#b*n!t]
n.ʣ
An upright, cupboardlike repository with shelves, drawers, or compartments for the safekeeping or display of a collection of objects or materials.
ڳֱģڹؼ䣬мӡָ䣬ڱչʾһƷ
Often Cabinet A body of persons appointed by a head of state or a prime minister to head the executive departments of the government and to act as official advisers.
  Cabinet ڸܹԻ쵼ִвŲΪٷʵһ
Archaic A small or private room set aside for a specific activity.
 ңС䣺ΪĳרŻһСĻ˽˵ķ
Rhode Island Southeastern Massachusetts See  milk shake See Regional Note at milk shake 
޵µ ʡϲ μ  milk shake μ milk shake
adj.ݴʣ
Suitable for storage or display in a cabinet, as because of size or decorative quality.
չʾģɱģСװԭڹػչʾ
Of, relating to, or being a member of a governmental cabinet:
ڸԱģڸһԱĻ֮صģ
cabinet matters; a cabinet minister.
ڸԱڸ
Used in the making of cabinets:
ϸľĵģĵģӵĲϣ
teak and other heavy cabinet wood.
ľӵľ
?
French 
 
partly from diminutive of Old North French cabine [gambling-room]  perhaps alteration of Old French cabane [small house] * see  cabin 
Ϊ ŷ cabineС׺ [Ĳ]  Ϊ ŷ cabaneı仯 [С] *μ cabin
and partly from Italian gabinetto [closet, chest of drawers] ; akin to  Old North French cabine 
ҲԴ  gabinetto [ڳĿǻ]   ŷ cabine 
[N., sense 4, possibly from the square wooden container in which the mixer was encased] 
[ʵĵ壬Դڰװķľ] 
?
cabinetful
n.ʣ

= =
cable
ca.ble
AHD:[k3bl] 
D.J.[6ke!b*l]
K.K.[6keb*l]
n.ʣ
A strong, large-diameter, heavy steel or fiber rope.
ǿȵġֱġǿʻάʵ
Something that resembles such steel or fiber rope.
ĶָʻάʵĶ
Electricity A bound or sheathed group of mutually insulated conductors.
ѧ £һ໥Եĵ
Nautical 
 
A heavy rope or chain for mooring or anchoring a ship.
£ڴֻϵêĴ
A cable length.

A cablegram.
籨
Cable television.

v.ʣ
ca.bled,ca.bling,ca.bles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send a cablegram to.
籨
To transmit (a message) by telegraph.
紫õ籨ͣһϢ
To supply or fasten with a cable or cables.
̶ϵΣһϵסϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send a cablegram.
ķ籨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin capulum [lasso] 
Դ  capulum [׽] 
from Latin capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
Դ  capere [ץס] *μ kap- 
?
cabler
n.ʣ
?
Cable
Ca.ble
AHD:[k3bl] George Washington (1844-1925) 
D.J.[6ke!b*l]
K.K.[6keb*l]
NONE޴ԣ
American writer whose works, including short stories and the novelThe Grandissimes  (1880), concern social order and racial discord in the South. 
Ρʢ٣(1844-1925) ңƪºС˵ķ˹塷 1880꣩漰ϲͻ 

= =
cafeteria
caf.e.te.ri.a
AHD:[k2f1-t?r?-] 
D.J.[7k#f!6t!*ri8*]
K.K.[7k#f!6t!ri*]
n.ʣ
A restaurant in which the customers are served at a counter and carry their meals on trays to tables.
˿Լڹ̨ʳװ˵ϵһַ
?
Spanish cafetera [coffee shop, cafeteria] 
 cafetera [ȵ꣬ʳ] 
from caf [coffee] 
Դ caf [] 
from Ottoman Turkish qahveh * see  coffee 
Դ ˹ qahveh *μ coffee

= =
cage
cage
AHD:[k3j] 
D.J.[ke!d9]
K.K.[ked9]
n.ʣ
A structure for confining birds or animals, enclosed on at least one side by a grating of wires or bars that lets in air and light.
һĽṹһӻɵդɣ͹
A barred room or fenced enclosure for confining prisoners.
һסķդΧסΧǽƷ˵Ļ
An enclosing openwork structure:
״ṹһΧס۽ṹ
placed a protective cage over the sapling; a bank teller's cage.
һб
An elevator car.

Baseball A large wire screen placed behind home plate to stop balls in batting practice.
 ϰڱ֮Ĵ˿Աϰʱͣס
Sports A hockey or soccer goal made of a network frame.
˶ ţһ״ܼɵ
Basketball The basket.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
caged,cag.ing,cag.es 
To put or confine in or as if in a cage.See Synonyms at enclose 
ڣ֮ڻڲμ enclose
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cavea 
Դ  cavea 
?
Cage
Cage
AHD:[k3j] John Milton, Jr. (Born 1912) 
D.J.[ke!d9]
K.K.[ked9]
NONE޴ԣ
American composer of avant-garde works, such asSonatas and Interludes  for a piano with its strings damped by wood and metal (1946-1948). 
棬СԼ׶٣( 1912) ǰƷң硶ͼ ΪұľϺͽ˵ĸ٣1946굽1948꣩ 

= =
cake
cake
AHD:[k3k] 
D.J.[ke!k]
K.K.[kek]
n.ʣ
A sweet baked food made of flour, liquid, eggs, and other ingredients, and usually served in rectangular, square, or rounded layer form.
⣺һۡҺ塢ɷֶƳɵĿʳͨʳΡλԲ
A flat, rounded mass of dough or batter, such as a pancake that is baked or fried.
һƽġԲεŻ濾ƶɵı
A flat, rounded mass of hashed or chopped food that is baked or fried; a patty.
ըֿ飺һ濾ƶɵϸƽԲʳһСڱ
A shaped or molded piece, as of soap or ice.
״ܳɵĻģƿ״
A layer or deposit of compacted matter:
ʵʵһ
a cake of grime in the oven.
¯۹
v.ʣ
caked,cak.ing,cakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or fill with a thick layer, as of compacted matter:
Ϳһ㣺һλʹýʵʣ
a miner whose face was caked with soot.
ϲúҵĿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become formed into a compact or crusty mass:
ɿ飺γɽܵĻӲǵĿ飺
As temperatures dropped, the wet snow caked.
¶ȵ½ʪѩ˿
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse kaka 
Դ ˹ά kaka 

= =
calculate
cal.cu.late
AHD:[k2lky-l3t] 
D.J.[6k#lkj*7le!t]
K.K.[6k#lkj*7let]
v.ʣ
cal.cu.lat.ed,cal.cu.lat.ing,cal.cu.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ascertain by computation; reckon:
㣺ͨȷϣ㣺
calculating the area of a circle; calculated their probable time of arrival.
Բǿܵĵִʱ
To make an estimate of; evaluate:
ƣƣۣ
calculating the team's chances of winning.
ƸöӻʤĿ
To make for a deliberate purpose; design:
ǣ룺ΪضĿİţƣ
a sturdy car that is calculated to last for years; a choice that was calculated to please.
öιһΪȡöƵѡ
Also cal'late [k2l3t, -l3t] Chiefly New England Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. 
 Ҳ cal'late [k2l3t, -l3t] Ӣ ϲ 
To suppose:
Ʋ⣺
I cal'late she's a right smart cook(Dialect Notes)
Ҳ²һλվɵĳʦ(ע)
To plan, intend, or count on.
ƻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform a mathematical process; figure:
㣺һѧ̣㣺
We must measure and calculate to determine how much paint will be needed.
ǱԾҪ
To predict consequences.
Ԥ
Regional 
ġ 
To suppose; guess.
Ʋ⣻
To count, depend, or rely on someone or something:
ĳ˻ĳ
We're calculating on your help.
İ
?
Late Latin calcul3e  calcul3t- 
 calcul3e  calcul3t- 
from Latin calculus [small stone used in reckoning] 
Դ  calculus [ڼСʯ] 
diminutive of calx  calc- [small stone for gaming] * see  calx 
 calxС׺  calc- [ϷʹõСʯ] *μ calx
?
calculate,compute,reckon,cipher,figure
These verbs refer to the determination of a result, such as expense, through the use of mathematical methods.
ЩʱʾͨʹѧԽȷ绨ѡ
 Calculate,   the most comprehensive,often implies a relatively high level of abstraction or procedural complexity: 
 Calculate  㷺ģһ˵ˮƽϸߵĳ󻯻̵ĸԣ 
astronomers calculating the positions of the planets.
ѧҼǵλá
Compute   applies in general to essentially straightforward though possibly lengthy arithmetic operations: 
Compute  һЩѧϿ߳ĵ˳ǰе 
computing fees according to time spent.Reckon, cipher, and figure  suggest the use of simple arithmetic:  
ʱ˳֧ķáReckon, cipher figure ʾʹã  
reckoned the number of hours before her departure;
һǰмСʱ
had to be taught to read and to cipher;
̻Ķͼ
trying to figure my share of the bill. 
ͼҵķݶ 

= =
calculation
cal.cu.la.tion
AHD:[k2lky-l3shn] 
D.J.[7k#lkj*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7k#lkj*6le.*n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. calc.
д calc.
The act, process, or result of calculating.
㣺Ϊ
An estimate based on probabilities.
ƣڸʵһֹ
Careful, often cunning estimation and planning of likely outcomes, especially to advance one's own interests.
˼ǣġǻĶԿܽĹƺͼƻָΪ߸˵
?
calculative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
calculator
cal.cu.la.tor
AHD:[k2lky-l3tr] 
D.J.[6k#lkj*7le!t*]
K.K.[6k#lkj*7let+]
n.ʣ
One that calculates, as:
ڼĶ磺
An electronic or a mechanical device for the performance of mathematical computations.
һֵװûеװãѧ
A person who operates such a machine or otherwise makes calculations.
ߣִм
A set of mathematical tables used to aid in calculating.
ͼһѧͼڸ

= =
calendar
cal.en.dar
AHD:[k2ln-dr] 
D.J.[6k#l*nd*]
K.K.[6k#l*nd+]
n.Abbr. cal.ʣд cal.
Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning, length, and divisions of a year are defined.
һڱʶʱϵͳȷһĿʼʱͻ
A table showing the months, weeks, and days in at least one specific year.
һֱ񣬱ʾĳһڵ·ݡں
A schedule of events.
ճ̱һЩ¼ļƻ
An ordered list of matters to be considered:
һ˳б
a calendar of court cases; the bills on a legislative calendar.
ͥһһϵ
Chiefly British A catalogue of a university.
Ӣ Уһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cal.en.dared,cal.en.dar.ing,cal.en.dars 
To enter in a calendar; schedule.
Уճ̱УƱ
?
Middle English calender 
йӢ calender 
from Old French calendier 
Դ ŷ calendier 
from Late Latin kalend3m 
Դ  kalend3m 
from Latin [account book] 
Դ  [²] 
from kalendae [calends (from the fact that monthly interest was due on the calends)] * see  kel- 2
Դ kalendae [·ƣ¶ϵڵʵ] *μ kel- 2

= =
calm
calm
AHD:[k?m] 
D.J.[k$8m]
K.K.[k$m]
adj.ݴʣ
calm.er,calm.est 
Nearly or completely motionless; undisturbed:
ƽȵģ޲ģȫģδܸŵģ
the calm surface of the lake.
ƽĺ
Not excited or agitated; composed:
򾲵ģŵģδδŭģģ
The President was calm throughout the global crisis.
ȫΣУͳһֱƽ
n.ʣ
An absence or cessation of motion; stillness.
ֹ˶ʧֹֹͣ
Serenity; tranquillity; peace.
ƽ
A condition of no wind or a wind with a speed of less than 1 mile (2 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.
޷״̬޷ϻֱ׼ٵÿСʱ1Ӣ2״̬
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
calmed,calm.ing,calms 
To make or become calm or quiet:
ʹƽȣʹʹΪƽȻ򰲾
A warm bath will calm you. After the storm, the air calmed.
ϴˮ裬ʹƽġ֮󣬿ð
?
Middle English calme 
йӢ calme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian calmo 
Դ  calmo 
from Late Latin cauma [heat of the day, resting place in the heat of the day] 
Դ  cauma [аµϢط] 
from Greek kauma [burning heat] 
Դ ϣ kauma [ȼ] 
from kaiein [to burn] 
Դ kaiein [ȼ] 
N., from Middle English calme 
ʣԴ йӢ calme 
from Italian calma 
Դ  calma 
from Vulgar Latin *calma 
Դ  *calma 
from Late Latin 
Դ  
?
calmly
adv.ʣ
calmness
n.ʣ
?
calm,tranquil,placid,serene,halcyon,peaceful
These adjectives denote absence of excitement or disturbance.
Щݴʱûм˷ܻδš
 Calm   implies freedom from emotional agitation: 
 Calm  Զг嶯֮⣺ 
calm acceptance of the inevitable.
ƽؽⲻɱʵ
Tranquil   suggests a more enduring calm: 
Tranquil  ζһָ͵ƽ 
hoped for a more tranquil life in the country.
ϣָΪƽ
Placid   suggests a pleasant, often phlegmatic calm: 
Placid  ζһġǳٶ۵ƽ 
Not everyone shared his placid temperament.Several cursed the delays  (Samuel G. Freedman).
 ÿ˶ٶ۵͡üε ѶG
 Serene   denotes a lofty, even spiritual repose: 
 Serene  һָ߳ġǸе򾲣 
remained serene in the midst of turbulence.
зб򾲡
Halcyon   suggests happy tranquillity: 
Halcyon  ζһ 
halcyon days of youth.
¡
Peaceful   implies undisturbed serenity: 
Peaceful  ָδƵ򾲣 
I am . . . peaceful as old age tonight  (Robert Browning).
粽ƽ ޲ء

= =
camel
cam.el
AHD:[k2ml] 
D.J.[6k#m*l]
K.K.[6k#m*l]
n.ʣ
A humped, long-necked ruminant mammal of the genusCamelus,  domesticated in Old World desert regions as a beast of burden and as a source of wool, milk, and meat. 
գһ ¡𡢳ķۻ鶯ʱɳĮѱڸزΪëƤ̺һԴ 
A device used to raise sunken objects, consisting of a hollow structure that is submerged, attached tightly to the object, and pumped free of water.Also called  caisson 
䣺һˮе豸һˮµпյĽṹɣˮһ𲢱ˮҲ  caisson
Sports A spin in figure skating that is performed in an arabesque or modified arabesque position.
˶ еһ˶ݷλΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
and from Anglo-Norman cameil 
Դ Ӣ cameil 
both from Latin cam?s 
Դ  cam?s 
from Greek kam?s 
Դ ϣ kam?s 
[of Semitic origin] 
[Դ] 

= =
camera
cam.er.a
AHD:[k2mr-, k2mr] 
D.J.[6k#m*r*, 6k#mr*]
K.K.[6k#m*r*, 6k#mr*]
n.ʣ
An apparatus for taking photographs, generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and 
recorded on a photosensitive film or plate.
һƬеһһڹɣڹҴһв͸ĹȦӰͨ۽¼һйƬй
The part of a television transmitting apparatus that receives the primary image on a light-sensitive cathode tube and transforms it into electrical impulses.
ӷװõһ֣ڹϽԭʼͼ󣬲֮תΪ
Camera obscura.
䣺
pl. cam.er.ae-?} A judge's private chamber.
 cam.er.ae[--r?]  ٵ˽˷
?
in camera
In private.
˽
off camera
Outside the field of view of a television or movie camera.
ܿڵӻӰӳ֮
on camera
Within the field of view of a television or movie camera.
ع⣺ڵӻӰӳ֮
?
Late Latin [room] * see  chamber 
 [] *μ chamber

= =
camp
camp 1
AHD:[k2mp] 
D.J.[k#mp]
K.K.[k#mp]
n.ʣ
A place where tents, huts, or other temporary shelters are set up, as by soldiers, nomads, or travelers.
Ӫأݻʱڱĵطɾˡ
A cabin or shelter or group of such buildings:
᣺ֽһСһڱһ飺
gathered branches and grasses for a makeshift camp; had a fishing camp in Vermont.
ռ֦ͲһʱСڷһӪ
The people using such shelters:
Ӫߣʹôڱˣ
a howl that awakened the whole camp.
һӪߵĺ
A place in the country that offers simple group accommodations and organized recreation or instruction, as for vacationing children:
Ӫλһطṩ򵥵ĳ豸Լֺ֯ͽΪȼٵĺǣ
a girls' summer camp; a tennis camp.
ŮӪӪ
Sports A place where athletes engage in intensive training, especially preseason training.
˶ ѵӪ˶Աиǿȼѵĵطرǽǰѵ
The people attending the programs at such a place.
ѵԱֵطʩѵƻ
Military service; army life.
Ӫ
A group of people who think alike or share a cause; side:
Ӫ뷨ƻͬһȺˣһߣ
The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.
»Ա󣬷ֳɺͱӪ
v.ʣ
camped,camp.ing,camps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or set up a camp.
ҰӪɻһҰӪ
To live in or as if in a camp; settle:
ӪסڻסӪס
We camped in the apartment until the furniture arrived.
Ӫ⹫Ԣֱߵִ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shelter or lodge in a camp; encamp:
ҰӪλסӪӪ
They camped themselves by a river.
һӱӪ
?
Obsolete French 
ѷϷ 
perhaps from Italian 
Դ  
or Spanish campo 
  campo 
all from Latin campus [field] 
Դ  campus [Ұ] 
?
camp
camp 2
AHD:[k2mp] 
D.J.[k#mp]
K.K.[k#mp]
n.ʣ
An affectation or appreciation of manners and tastes commonly thought to be artificial, vulgar, or banal.
ӹףΪȤϵĽͨΪǲȻġ׵Ļƽӹ
Banality, vulgarity, or artificiality when deliberately affected or when appreciated for its humor:
ԳȤζָĬʱƽӹ׻
Camp is popularity plus vulgarity plus innocence(Indra Jahalani)
ͨ׼ϴټ֪(ֹ)
adj.ݴʣ
Having deliberately artificial, vulgar, banal, or affectedly humorous qualities or style:
Ȼģģġ׵ġƽӹĻڶгƷԻģ
played up the silliness of their roles for camp effect.
Ϊ˲ȻġڶгЧʹݽɫĺ
v.ʣ
camped,camp.ing,camps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act in a deliberately artificial, vulgar, or banal way.
ء׵ػƽӹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a deliberately artificial, vulgar, or banal quality to:
ʹӹ׻׻ƽӹʣ
camped up their cowboy costumes with chaps, tin stars, and ten-gallon hats.
ǵţװƤ׿㡢ǻºʹţñװεÿӹ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
campy
adj.ݴʣ
?
Camp
Camp
AHD:[k2mp] Walter Chauncey (1859-1925) 
D.J.[k#mp]
K.K.[k#mp]
NONE޴ԣ
American football coach and promoter who developed many of the sport's basic rules.
գֶء(1859-1925) չߣչ˶

= =
campaign
cam.paign
AHD:[k2m-p3n] 
D.J.[k#m6pe!n]
K.K.[k#m6pen]
n.ʣ
A series of military operations undertaken to achieve a large-scale objective during a war:
սۣһսУΪﵽһĿĶȡһϵеľ¾ٴ룺
Grant's Vicksburg campaign secured the entire Mississippi for the Union.
صά˲սΪ
An operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose:
˶ƻڴﵽĳһĿĶȡһһϵлĴʩ
an advertising campaign for a new product; a candidate's political campaign.
һּƳ²ƷĹƻһѡ˵μƻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
cam.paigned,cam.paign.ing,cam.paigns 
To engage in an operation planned to achieve a certain goal:
μ˶һּڴﵽһضĿĶе˶
campaigned through the jungles of Vietnam; campaigned for human rights.
μԽϵĴսμȨ˶
?
French campagne 
 campagne 
from Italian campagna [military operation] 
Դ  campagna [¾ٴ] 
from Late Latin camp3a [open country, battlefield] 
Դ  camp3a [Ұ⣬ս] 
from campus [field] 
Դ campus [Ұ] 
?
campaigner
n.ʣ
?
campaign,crusade,drive,push
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a vigorous concerted effort to accomplish a purpose: 
ЩеĺǡΪĳһĿһ־ġмƻŬ 
a fund-raising campaign;
һʽļƻ
a crusade for improved social services;
һĸĸƻ
a drive to sell bonds;
ڳծȯ
a push to get the bill through Congress. 
ƶͨҪ 

= =
campus
cam.pus
AHD:[k2mps] 
D.J.[6k#mp*s]
K.K.[6k#mp*s]
n.ʣ
 cam.pus.es 
The grounds of a school, college, university, or hospital.
У԰أѧѧԺѧҽԺĵ
?
Latin [field] 
 [] 

= =
can
can 1
AHD:[k2n] [kn] ضʱ 
D.J.[k#n][k*n]ضʱ 
K.K.[k#n][k*n]ضʱ 
v.aux.ʣ
ȥʽ could[k?d]  
Used to indicate physical or mental ability:
ܣ᣺ڱʾϵ
I can carry both suitcases. Can you remember the war?
ҿ԰ᶯӡ㻹ܼǵǳս
Used to indicate possession of a specified power, right, or privilege:
ӵȨڱʾӵĳȨȨȨ
The President can veto congressional bills.
ͳȨ᰸
Used to indicate possession of a specified capability or skill:
ڱʾĳܣ
I can tune the harpsichord as well as play it.
һᵯ٣ͬأҲٵ
Used to indicate possibility or probability:
ܣڱʾԻ߻Ȼԣ
I wonder if my long lost neighbor can still be alive. Such things can and do happen.
һʧѾõھǷпܻšܶȷʵ
Used to indicate that which is permitted, as by conscience or feelings:
ڱʾʶϵõĶ
One can hardly blame you for being upset.
û˻Ϊܴ
Used to indicate probability or possibility under the specified circumstances:
ԣڱʾµĿԻ߿ܵ£
They can hardly have intended to do that.
ǼԸ
Usage Problem Used to request or grant permission:
÷ѡ ᣺
Can I be excused?
һõԭ
?
Middle English [first and third person singular present tense of] connen [to know how] 
йӢ  [] connenĵһ͵˳Ƶʱ [֪ȥ] 
from Old English cunnan * see  gn?- 
Դ Ӣ cunnan *μ gn?- 
?
Generations of grammarians and schoolteachers have insisted thatcan  should be used only to express the capacity to do something, and thatmay  must be used to express 
permission. Technically, correct usage therefore requires 
ü﷨ѧǺѧʦcan ֻӦڱʾĳµ ͬʱmay ڱʾɡ ˣѧϾ÷Ҫ 
The supervisor said that anyone who wants an extra day off may (not can ) have one,  or  
˵κҪһرݼٵ˶Եõ can  һ죬   
May (not can ) I take another week to submit the application?  
ҿԣ can  ٻһύ  
Only 21 percent of the Usage Panel acceptscan  in the latter sentence. Butcan  has a long history of use by educated speakers to express permission, particularly in British 
English.What is more, the blurring of the line betweencan  and may  is socially and historically inevitable, since politeness often makes the use ofcan  preferable in the permission 
sense. For example, the sentenceYou can borrow my car if you like  is a more gracious offer than You may borrow my car;  the first presumes the granting of permission,while the 
second makes a point of it.Still, it is understandable that insistence on the use ofmay  should become a traditional schoolroom ritual, particularly in first-person requests such as 
÷רʹСֻ21%ĳԱcan ںһС can ܹ˵ڱʾкܳʷ ڴеӢСңcan  may ֮䲻
Ľ޴ʷԨԴ˵Ҳǲɱģ Ϊòʹcan ʹñȽˡ塣 磬ҪĻԽҵĳ Ǳ Խҵĳ 
ö飬 һٶʾɣڶȴ޶һ㡣Ȼmay ÷ӦΪڵĹҲǿģ ڵһ˳У 
May I leave the room? 
ҿ뿪 
since it requires the pupil to distinguish explicitly between what is possible and what is allowed,a difference not always apparent to younger children.And even in later life,observance 
of the distinction is often advisable in the interests of clarity.Thus, the sentenceStudents can take no more than three courses  allows the possibility that a student who is unusually 
capable may take more, whereasStudents may take no more than three courses  does not.  The use ofcan  to express permission is better tolerated in negative questions, as inCan't I 
have the car tonight?  probably because the alternative contractionmayn't  is felt to be awkward. 
Ҫѧֿܵĺ͵õɵ֮Ĳ죬Сǳǲ̫ԵġУΪȷֲ쳣Ǻܿȡġˣ
ѧǿѡ޲ŵĿγ ѧѧĿγṩ˿ԣ Ȼѧֻѡ޲ŵĿγ ṩֿԡ can ÷ڷ
ʾбʾɣ  ҽʹ⳵  ڿдmayn't оЩ׾Ե 
?
can
can 2
AHD:[k2n] 
D.J.[k#n]
K.K.[k#n]
n.ʣ
A usually cylindrical metal container.
ƵԲ
An airtight container, usually made of tin-coated iron, in which foods or beverages are preserved.
ͷһֲ͸ƳɣɽʳϷб
The contents of such a container.
װװĶ
Slang A jail or prison.
ٵ Σ
Slang A toilet or restroom.
ٵ ϢңϴһϢ
Slang The buttocks.
ٵ ƨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
canned,can.ning,cans 
To seal in an airtight container for future use; preserve:
װܱڣԱ裻棬棺
canning peaches.
ӹװ
Slang To make a recording of:
ٵ ¼¼
can the audience's applause for a TV comedy show.
ڶԵϲĺȲ¼
Slang To dismiss from employment or school.See Synonyms at dismiss 
ٵ ͣӶѧУμ dismiss
Slang To put a stop to; quit:
ٵ ֹֹͣͣס˳
Let's can the chatter.
̸ֹͣ
?
Middle English canne [a water container] 
йӢ canne [ʢˮ] 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
canner
n.ʣ

= =
canal
ca.nal
AHD:[k-n2l] 
D.J.[k*6n#l]
K.K.[k*6n#l]
n.ʣ
An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
˺ӣ˹ˮ˹ɵĺС˻
Anatomy A tube, duct, or passageway.
ѧ ܣӡ͹ܻͨ
Astronomy One of the faint, hazy markings resembling straight lines on early telescopic images of the surface of Mars.
ѧ ˺ӣԶĻǱͼϵֱߵġģӡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ca.nalled  ca.naled ca.nal.ling  ca.nal.ing ca.nals  ca.nals  
To dig an artificial waterway through:
˺ӣھһ˹ˮ
canal an isthmus.
ڵϿһ
To provide with an artificial waterway or waterways.
赼ṩһ˹ˮ
?
Partly French [channel,] 
Ϊ  [] 
and partly Middle English [tube]  from Medieval Latin can3e 
Ҳ йӢ []  Դ  can3e 
both from Latin can3s [tube, channel] 
Դ  can3s [ӣ] 
probably from canna [small reed] * see  cane 
Դ canna [С«] *μ cane

= =
cancel
can.cel
AHD:[k2nsl] 
D.J.[6k#ns*l]
K.K.[6k#ns*l]
v.ʣ
can.celed Ҳ can.celled can.cel.ing can.cel.ling can.cels can.cels  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cross out with lines or other markings.See Synonyms at erase 
ʹЧǻȥμ erase
To annul or invalidate.
ȡʹЧ
To mark or perforate (a postage stamp or check, for example) to indicate that it may not be used again.
ʴһƱ֧Ʊϱǻףʾٱʹ
To equalize or make up for; offset:
кֲͣ
Today's decline in stock price canceled out yesterday's gain.
Ʊ۸µ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To remove (a common factor) from the numerator and denominator of a fractional expression.
Լ֣һʽķӺͷĸȥһӣ
To remove (a common factor or term) from both sides of an equation or inequality.
Լȥȥһʽ򲻵ʽȥһӻ򹫹
Printing To omit or delete.
ӡˢ ȥɾȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To neutralize one another; counterbalance:
кͣʹ˴кͣ
two opposing forces that canceled out.
໥෴
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of canceling; a cancellation.
Ϊ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
Deletion of typed or printed matter.
עɾӡĻӡˢ
The matter deleted.
ע
A replacement for deleted matter.
עݵĶ
?
Middle English cancellen 
йӢ cancellen 
from Old French canceller 
Դ ŷ canceller 
from Latin cancell3e [to cross out] 
Դ  cancell3e [] 
from cancellus [lattice] [diminutive of] cancer [lattice] 
Դ cancellus []  [] cancerС׺ [] 
?
cancelable
adj.ݴʣ
canceler
n.ʣ

= =
cancer
can.cer
AHD:[k2nsr] 
D.J.[6k#ns*]
K.K.[6k#ns+]
n.ʣ
Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.
֢һֶΪ˻ϸΧ֯µ岿λת
The pathological condition characterized by such growths.
Ĳ״̬
A pernicious, spreading evil:
ϰᶾһֶԵġӵ 
A cancer of bigotry spread through the community.
һ̵ϰɢ
?
Middle English * see  canker 
йӢ *μ canker
?
cancerous
AHD:[k2nsr-s] ݴʣ
?
Cancer
Can.cer
AHD:[k2nsr] 
D.J.[6k#ns*]
K.K.[6k#ns+]
n.ʣ
A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Leo and Gemini.
зʨ˫һ
The fourth sign of the zodiac in astrology.
зռлƵĵĹ
One who is born under this sign.Also called  Crab 
ھзʱεҲ  Crab
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin * see  canker 
Դ  *μ canker

= =
candidate
can.di.date
AHD:[k2nd1-d3t, -d1t] 
D.J.[6k#nd!7de!t, -d!t]
K.K.[6k#nd!7det, -d!t]
n.ʣ
A person who seeks or is nominated for an office, prize, or honor.
ѡˣˣһѰõһְһ
One that seems likely to gain a certain position or come to a certain fate:
ϣѡпܵõĳְλĳ˵ˣ
young actors who are candidates for stardom; a memorandum that is a good candidate for the trash can.
עҪΪǵԱһݺпܱӽѵı¼
?
Latin candid3s [clothed in white (from the white togas worn by Romans seeking office), candidate] 
 candid3s [·ģԴڹѰõְİɫۣѡ] 
from candidus [white] * see  candid 
Դ candidus [׵] *μ candid
?
candidacy
AHD:[-d-s?]   candi.da.ture [-d-ch?r, -chr] ʣ

= =
candle
can.dle
AHD:[k2ndl] 
D.J.[6k#ndl]
K.K.[6k#nd1]
n.ʣ
A solid, usually cylindrical mass of tallow, wax, or other fatty substance with an axially embedded wick that is burned to provide light.
ͨɶ֬֬ʹɵĹ̬״壬ȼ
Something resembling this object in shape or use.
״;
Abbr. cPhysics 
д cѧ 
An obsolete unit of luminous intensity, originally defined in terms of a wax candle with standard composition and equal to 1.02 candelas.Also called  international candle 
⣺һ־ʽȵλԭһб׼ɵ壬1.02Ҳ  international candle
See  candela 
μ  candela
v.tr.ﶯʣ
can.dled,can.dling,can.dles 
To examine (an egg) for freshness or fertility by holding it before a bright light.
Թ飺ѣһֻһĹԴǰԼʳ̶Ȼܾ״
?
Middle English candel 
йӢ candel 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
and from Anglo-Norman candele 
Դ Ӣ candele 
both from Latin cand?a 
Դ  cand?a 
from cand?e [to shine] * see  kand- 
Դ cand?e [ҫ] *μ kand- 
?
candler
n.ʣ

= =
candy
can.dy
AHD:[k2nd?] 
D.J.[6k#ndi8]
K.K.[6k#ndi]
n.ʣ
 can.dies 
A rich, sweet confection made with sugar and often flavored or combined with fruits or nuts.
ǹһζŨǹͨˮζ֮
A piece of such a confection.
һʳƷ
v.ʣ
can.died,can.dy.ing,can.dies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce to sugar crystals.
ʹǽᾧ
To cook, preserve, saturate, or coat with sugar or syrup.
ǻǽơݻ򸲸
To make pleasant or agreeable; sweeten.
ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become crystallized into sugar.
ᾧΪ
To become coated with sugar or syrup.
ǻǽ
?
Middle English candi [crystallized cane sugar] 
йӢ candi [ᾧ] 
short for sugre-candi 
 sugre-candiļд 
translation of Old French sucre candi 
 ŷ sucre candiķ 
Old Italian zucchero candi 
 zucchero candi 
both from Arabic sukkar qandoy 
Դ  sukkar qandoy 
sukkar [sugar] * see  sugar 
sukkar [] *μ sugar
qandoy [candied]  from qand [cane sugar]  probably from Dravidian ka?u} [lump] 
qandoy [Ƶ]  Դ qand []  Դ ݱ ka?u} [飬] 

= =
cannon
can.non
AHD:[k2nn] 
D.J.[6k#n*n]
K.K.[6k#n*n]
n.ʣ
 cannon  can.nons  д can.
A large, mounted weapon that fires heavy projectiles. Cannon include guns, howitzers, and mortars.
ڣһַĴ֧ڡֵںȻ
The loop at the top of a bell by which it is hung.
ӻڹӵӶ
A round bit for a horse.
Ļν
Zoology The section of the lower leg in some hoofed mammals between the hock or knee and the fetlock, containing the cannon bone.
ѧ ڹǣܹǣĳЩ㲸鶯СȵĲ֣λƹؽڻϥؽؽ֮䣬ڹ
Chiefly British A carom made in billiards.
Ӣ еһ
v.ʣ
can.noned,can.non.ing,can.nons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bombard with cannon.
ں䣺
Chiefly British To cause to carom in billiards.
Ӣ ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fire cannon.

Chiefly British To make a carom in billiards.
Ӣ 
?
Middle English canon 
йӢ canon 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian cannone [augmentative of] canna [tube] 
Դ  cannone  [] cannaɷ [] 
from Latin [reed] * see  cane 
Դ  [«έ] *μ cane
?
Cannon
Can.non
AHD:[k2nn] Annie Jump (1863-1941) 
D.J.[6k#n*n]
K.K.[6k#n*n]
NONE޴ԣ
American astronomer noted for her work on classifying stellar spectra.
ũݡգ(1863-1941) ѧңԺǹ׵ķ๤
?
Cannon
CannonJoseph Gurney  Known as Uncle Joe.(1836-1926)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician who as Republican speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1903-1911) was known for his strongly partisan and autocratic use of authority.
ũԼɪ򡤸᣺(1836-1926) μңΪԺˣ1903-1911꣩ǿҵĵɫʺרƶö

= =
canoe
ca.noe
AHD:[k-n?]  
D.J.[k*6nu8]
K.K.[k*6nu]
n.ʣ
A light, slender boat that has pointed ends and is propelled by paddles.
ľۣ˼ϸСýƶ
v.ʣ
ca.noed,ca.noe.ing,ca.noes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry or send by canoe.
öľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel in or propel a canoe.
ľۣľ
?
French canoe 
 canoe 
Spanish canoa  French  from Spanish 
 canoa    Դ  
[of Cariban origin] 
[ԴԼձ] 
?
canoeist
n.ʣ

= =
canteen
can.teen
AHD:[k2n-t?n] 
D.J.[k#n6ti8n]
K.K.[k#n6tin]
n.ʣ
A snack bar or small cafeteria, as on a military installation.
ССԵСµλе
A bar or small general store formerly established for the patronage of soldiers.
и磺ԭΪʿľưɻСͰٻ̵
A recreation hall or social club where refreshments are available.
Ӧʳֲ
A temporary or mobile eating place, especially one set up in an emergency.
ʱңһʱĻƶŴָڽ´
A flask for carrying drinking water, as on a hike.
ˮЯˮСʱ
A box with compartments for carrying cooking gear and eating utensils.
УʢŲ;ߺʳߵСĺ
A soldier's mess kit.
ʿĴ
Chiefly British A box used to store silverware.
Ӣ Уڷĺ
?
French cantine 
 cantine 
from Italian cantina [wine cellar] 
Դ  cantina [ƽ] 

= =
canvas
can.vas
AHD:[k2nvs] 
D.J.[6k#nv*s]
K.K.[6k#nv*s]
n.ʣ
A heavy, coarse, closely woven fabric of cotton, hemp, or flax, used for tents and sails.
һֺءֲڡ֯ޡ֯򷫲
A piece of such fabric on which a painting, especially an oil painting, is executed.
һķ֯ǿָͻ
A painting executed on such fabric.
ͻַ֯ϵĻ
A fabric of coarse open weave, used as a foundation for needlework.
ײһֲִڵм϶֯÷еĳ
The background against which events unfold, as in a historical narrative:
¼ıһʷеģ
a grim portrait of despair against the bright canvas of the postwar economy.
ս󾭼³гĻҰ軭
Nautical A sail or set of sails.
 һ洬һ״
A tent or group of tents.
һ
A circus tent.
Ϸ
Sports The floor of a ring in which boxing or wrestling takes place.
˶ ȭˤӳȭˤӱĳ
?
under canvas
Nautical With sails spread.
 ﷫
In a tent or tents.
¶Ӫһ
?
Middle English canevas 
йӢ canevas 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
and from Medieval Latin canav3m 
Դ  canav3m 
both ultimately from Latin cannabis [hemp] * see  cannabis 
Դ  cannabis [飬ά] *μ cannabis

= =
cap
cap 1
AHD:[k2p] 
D.J.[k#p]
K.K.[k#p]
n.ʣ
A usually soft and close-fitting head covering, either having no brim or with a visor.
ñһͨĺͽͷڸñܻñ
A special head covering worn to indicate rank, occupation, or membership in a particular group:
ñӣһͷڸʾְҵһĻԱʸ
a cardinal's cap; a sailor's cap.
ñˮñ
An academic mortarboard. Used especially in the phrasecap and gown.  
ѧλñһֱʾѧλñӡcop and gown һ 
A protective cover or seal, especially one that closes off an end or a tip:
ñ״ӣԵڸǻܷǹرһͷһ˵Ʒ
a bottle cap; a 35-millimeter lens cap.
ƿ35׵͸Ӿ
A crown for covering or sealing a tooth.
ݹڣڸǻܷݵĹ״
A tread for a worn pneumatic tire.
޹̥ףĥĳ̥ϵһ
A fitted covering used to seal a well or large pipe.
ոǣԷվӵĸ
A summit or top, as of a mountain.
۷壬ߴ۷ߴɽĶ
An upper limit; a ceiling:
ޣ޶ޣ
placed a cap on mortgage rates.
Ѻʶһ
Architecture The capital of a column.
ѧ ͷ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
The top part, or pileus, of a mushroom.
ǣĢϲ
A calyptra.
޺ñ
A percussion cap.
׹
A small explosive charge enclosed in paper for use in a toy gun.
ֽҩֽװһСűըǹ
Any of several sizes of writing paper, such as foolscap.
ָֽֽߴһ֣ҳдֽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
capped,cap.ping,caps 
To cover, protect, or seal with a cap.
ñڣñڸǡܷ
To award a special cap to as a sign of rank or achievement:
ñ衭һñΪ伶ɾ͵ı־
capped the new women nurses at graduation.
ڱҵʱһŮʿ̷ʿñ
To lie over or on top of; cover:
ڱΣڡϣڱΣ
hills capped with snow.
ϸѩСɽ
To apply the finishing touch to; complete:
ɣĵ㾦֮ʣɣ
cap a meal with dessert.
һͷĽβ
To follow with something better; surpass or outdo:
øãøõʤ
capped his last trick with a disappearing act that brought the audience to its feet.
ѹϷʹԼʧʹùΪ֮㵹
To set an upper limit on:
һޣ
decided to cap cost-of-living increases.
õƶһ
?
cap in hand
Respectfully or humbly; unpretentiously.
𾴵ػ򱰹أǫѷ
set (one's) cap for
To attempt to attract and win as a mate.
Ů׷УӣӮáʹΪż
?
Middle English cappe 
йӢ cappe 
from Old English c?ppe 
Դ Ӣ c?ppe 
from Late Latin cappa 
Դ  cappa 
?
cap
cap 2
AHD:[k2p] ʽ 
D.J.[k#p]
K.K.[k#p]
n.ʣ
A capital letter.
дĸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
capped,cap.ping,caps 
To capitalize.
д
?
Shortened form of capital 1
 capital1ļдʽ 
?
CAP
CAP
abbr.
Civil Air Patrol.
Ѳ

= =
capable
ca.pa.ble
AHD:[k3p-bl] 
D.J.[6ke!p*b*l]
K.K.[6kep*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having capacity or ability; efficient and able:
вܵģвܵĻģЧʶɵģ
a capable administrator.
һλɵ
Having the ability required for a specific task or accomplishment; qualified:
Сģĳһضرģϸģ
capable of winning.
ȡʤ
Having the inclination or disposition:
ĳһƷԵģ
capable of violence.

Susceptible; permitting:
¡ģģ
an error capable of remedy.
һֲĴ
?
Late Latin cap3s 
 cap3s 
from capere [to take] * see  kap- 
Դ capere [] *μ kap- 
?
capableness
n.ʣ
capably
adv.ʣ

= =
capacity
ca.pac.i.ty
AHD:[k-p2s1-t?] 
D.J.[k*6p#s!ti8]
K.K.[k*6p#s!ti]
n.ʣ
 ca.pac.i.ties д c.,C.,cap.
The ability to receive, hold, or absorb.
աɻյ
A measure of this ability; volume.
ݻĴС
The maximum amount that can be contained:
ɵ
a trunk filled to capacity.
һװ
Ability to perform or produce; capability.
ִл
The maximum or optimum amount that can be produced:
޶ȣ
factories operating below capacity.
δתĹ
The power to learn or retain knowledge; mental ability.
ѧϰѧϰȡ֪ʶԵ
Innate potential for growth, development, or accomplishment; faculty.See Synonyms at ability 
չڵչȡóɾ͵Ǳμ ability
The quality of being suitable for or receptive to specified treatment:
ܣڻܹĳضƷʣ
the capacity of elastic to be stretched.
ƤȦܱ
The position in which one functions; role:
ְλһ˷ӹְܵλɫ
in your capacity as sales manager.
۾ְλ
Legal qualification or authority:
ϷʸȨ
the capacity to make an arrest.
ִдȨ
Electricity Capacitance.
ѧ 
adj.ݴʣ
Filling a space with the most it can hold:
õģ޶ĳһռģ
a capacity crowd at the concert.
ֻϯ
?
Middle English capacite 
йӢ capacite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cap33s} 
Դ  cap33s} 
from cap3x  cap3c- [spacious] * see  capacious 
Դ cap3x  cap3c- [] *μ capacious

= =
capital
capital 1
AHD:[k2p1-tl] 
D.J.[6k#p!tl]
K.K.[6k#p!t1]
n.ʣ
Abbr. cap.A town or city that is the official seat of government in a political entity, such as a state or nation.
д cap.׶׸һʵ壨һݻһңΪʽڵصһ
A city that is the center of a specific activity or industry:
ҵģҪУΪĳֻҵĵһУ
the financial capital of the world.

Wealth in the form of money or property, used or accumulated in a business by a person, partnership, or corporation.
ʱԻһƲʽڵĲƸһˡһȺϻ˻һ˾ҵʹûۼ
Material wealth used or available for use in the production of more wealth.
ʲƸʲƸʲ
Human resources considered in terms of their contributions to an economy:
ԴһеĹԴ
[The]  swift unveiling of his . . . plans provoked a flight of human capital (George F. Will)
 Դʧļƻܿ챩¶ (F.)
Accounting The remaining assets of a business after all liabilities have been deducted; net worth.
ѧ ʲֵһҵڿ۳еծʲֵ
Capital stock.
ɱɱܶ
Capitalists considered as a group or class.
ʲ׼һһײʱҵܳ
An asset or advantage:
Դƣ
profited from political capital accumulated by others(Michael Mandelbaum)
ɱ۾۵ʱл(˶¶ķ)
Abbr. cap.A capital letter.
д cap.дĸ
adj.ݴʣ
First and foremost; principal:
һλĺҪģҪģ
a decision of capital importance.
һͷҪľ
First-rate; excellent:
һģģ
a capital idea.
뷨
Relating to or being a seat of government.
ģڻһڵص
Extremely serious:
صģ
a capital blunder.
شĴ
Involving death or calling for the death penalty:
漰ĻӦ̵ģ
a capital offense.

Of or relating to financial assets, especially being or related to those financial assets that add to the net worth of a business:
ʲģʱģڻڽʲģڻЩһҵֵʲģ
made capital improvements at the plant site.
ڳҸʲ״
Abbr. cap.Relating to or being a capital letter.
д cap.дĸģڻһдĸ
?
From Middle English [principal] 
Դ йӢ [Ҫ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin capit3s 
Դ  capit3s 
from caput [head, money laid out] * see  kaput- 
Դ caput [ͷͶ] *μ kaput- 
?
The term for a town or city that serves as a seat of government is spelledcapital.  The term for the building in which a legislative assembly meets is spelledcapitol.  
ʾΪڵصһеƴдcapital  ʾһῪĽĴƴдΪcapitol  
?
capital
capital 2
AHD:[k2p1-tl] 
D.J.[6k#p!tl]
K.K.[6k#p!t1]
n.Architecture ʣѧ 
The top part of a pillar or column.
ͷһӻԲĶ˲
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin capitellum 
Դ  capitellum 
diminutive of Latin caput [head] * see  kaput- 
  caputС׺ [ͷ] *μ kaput- 

= =
capsule
cap.sule
AHD:[k2psl, -s?l] 
D.J.[6k#ps*l, -su8l]
K.K.[6k#ps*l, -sul]
n.Abbr. caps.ʣд caps.
A small soluble container, usually made of gelatin, that encloses a dose of an oral medicine or a vitamin.
ңСĿܽ״ͨýƳɣװһڷҩά
Anatomy A fibrous, membranous, or fatty sheath that encloses an organ or part, such as the sac surrounding the kidney or the fibrous tissues that surround a joint.
ѧ ĤңάģĤ״򺬺ܶ֬ףڰһٻλһһؽڵά״֯
Microbiology A mucopolysaccharide outer shell enveloping certain bacteria.
΢ѧ ңһϸ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A dry, dehiscent fruit that develops from two or more united carpels.
ѿĸɹһƤչ
The thin-walled, spore-containing structure of mosses and related plants.
Ĥָ̦޺йֲıڱӽṹ
A space capsule.
̫մ̫ղ
A brief summary; a condensation.
Ҫĸܽ
adj.ݴʣ
Highly condensed; very brief:
Ҫģ߶ȸģǳԵģ
a capsule description.
д
Very small; compact.
΢СģǳСģСɵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cap.suled,cap.sul.ing,cap.sules 
To enclose in or furnish with a capsule.
ѡװСлṩС
To condense or summarize:
ܽ᣺
capsuled the news.

?
French 
 
from Latin capsula [diminutive of] capsa [box] 
Դ  capsula  [] capsaС׺ [] 

= =
captain
cap.tain
AHD:[k2ptn] 
D.J.[6k#pt*n]
K.K.[6k#pt*n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. Capt.One who commands, leads, or guides others, especially:
д Capt.䣺ͳ˧쵼˵ˣָ
The officer in command of a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft.
ָӽɻĹԱ
A precinct commander in a police or fire department, usually ranking above a lieutenant and below a chief.
ָѲ٣жӳӵϽָӹ٣ͨξھӳ
The designated leader of a team or crew in sports.
ӣ˶ָ쵼
Abbr. Capt.,Cpt.,CPT
д Capt.,Cpt.,CPT
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above first lieutenant and below major.
ξ½վ򺣾½սӵľίľΣλξ֮У֮
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard that is above commander and below rear admiral.
У򺣰ӵľίľΣλӺУ֮Ϻٽ֮
One who holds the rank of captain.
ξУӵξУε
A figure in the forefront; a leader:
ͷӣҪλõ쵼
a captain of industry.
ʵҵͷ
One who supervises or directs the work of others, especially:
ˣල֧˵Ĺˣָ
A district official for a political party.
ط쵼ˣĵطԱ
A restaurant employee who is in charge of the waiters and usually attends to table seating.
ࣺ͹ݵĹԱƹеߣ̺ͨ
A bell captain.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
cap.tained,cap.tain.ing,cap.tains 
To act as captain of; command or direct:
죻ͳ˧ָӣ
captained the football team.
Ӷӳ
?
Middle English capitain 
йӢ capitain 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin capit3s [chief] 
Դ  capit3s [ͷ] 
from Latin caput  capit- [head] * see  kaput- 
Դ  caput  capit- [ͷ] *μ kaput- 
?
captaincy
n.ʣ
captainship
n.ʣ

= =
captive
cap.tive
AHD:[k2pt1v] 
D.J.[6k#pt!v]
K.K.[6k#pt!v]
n.ʣ
One, such as a prisoner of war, that is forcibly confined, subjugated, or enslaved.
²Ʒū۵ͽս
One held in the grip of a strong emotion or passion.
Եˣǿҵĸ֧
adj.ݴʣ
Taken and held prisoner, as in war.
ģץסģս
Held in bondage; enslaved.
ģū۵ģ
Kept under restraint or control; confined:
ܿƵģƻƵģģ
captive birds.
б֮
Restrained by circumstances that prevent free choice:
ԼģѡĻԼģ
a captive audience; a captive market.
ԸĹڣܵԼг
Enraptured, as by beauty; captivated.
סģԵģ类òסģ˵
?
Middle English captif 
йӢ captif 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin captos 
Դ  captos 
from captus [past participle of] capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
Դ captus  [] capereĹȥִ [ץס] *μ kap- 

= =
capture
cap.ture
AHD:[k2pchr] 
D.J.[6k#pt.*]
K.K.[6k#pt.+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cap.tured,cap.tur.ing,cap.tures 
To take captive, as by force or craft; seize.
²²ͨƣ
To gain possession or control of, as in a game or contest:
ӮãȡӮöԡռлƣϷУ
capture the queen in chess; captured the liberal vote.
¹ʱԵӮɵѡƱ
To attract and hold:
ע⣩ס
tales of adventure that capture the imagination.
̽չ
To succeed in preserving in lasting form:
ɹسñ棺
capture a likeness in a painting.
һͻеФ
n.ʣ
The act of catching, taking, or winning, as by force or skill.
Ӯãץ񡢾ȡãͨ
One that has been seized, caught, or won; a catch or prize.
²Ʒץ񡢴סӮõˣսƷ
Physics The phenomenon in which an atom or a nucleus absorbs a subatomic particle, often with the subsequent emission of radiation.
ѧ һԭӻԭӺԭӵ󳣰з
?
From French [capture] 
Դ  [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin capt?a [a catching of animals] 
Դ  capt?a [] 
from captus [past participle of] capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
Դ captus  [] capereĹȥִ [ץ] *μ kap- 

= =
car
car
AHD:[k?r] 
D.J.[k$8]
K.K.[k$r]
n.ʣ
An automobile.

A vehicle, such as a streetcar, that runs on rails:
й糵һʻĳй糵
a railroad car.
һڹʻĵ糵
A boxlike enclosure for passengers and freight on a conveyance:
᣺ưķճʱس˿ͺͻ
an elevator car.

The part of a balloon or airship that carries people and cargo.
գͧ˺ͻĲ
Archaic A chariot, carriage, or cart.
 ս˫
?
Middle English carre [cart] 
йӢ carre [˫ֻ] 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin carra [pl. of] carrus, carrum [a Gallic type of wagon] * see  kers- 
Դ  carra  [] carrus, carrumĸ [¬ʽ] *μ kers- 

= =
carbon
car.bon
AHD:[k?rbn] 
D.J.[6k$8b*n]
K.K.[6k$rb*n]
n.ʣ
Symbol C A naturally abundant nonmetallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, 
limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules. Atomic number 6; 
atomic weight 12.01115; sublimation point above 3,500=C; boiling point 4,827=C; specific gravity of amorphous carbon 1.8 to 2.1, of diamond 3.15 to 3.53, of graphite 1.9 to 2.3; valence 
2, 3, 4.See table at element 
 C ̼һȻܷḻķǽԪأںܶ޻лУʯīͽʯʽԼΪúʯҺʯ͵һֳɷݴڣڻѧҽ
϶γɴѧϣϺҵҪķӣԭ6ԭ12.011153,500=Cе4,827=Cǽᾧ̼ıΪ1.82.1ʯıΪ3.153.53ʯ
īıΪ1.92.3ϼΪ234μ element
A sheet of carbon paper.
дֽ
A copy made by using carbon paper.
дøдֽӡһ
Electricity 
ѧ 
Either of two rods through which current flows to form an arc, as in lighting or welding.
̼һðγɵ绡򺸽ʱ
A carbonaceous electrode in an electric cell.
̼磩̼ʵ缫
?
French carbone 
 carbone 
from Latin carb?}  carb?n- [a coal, charcoal] * see  ker- 3
Դ  carb?}  carb?n- [úľ̿] *μ ker- 3
?
carbonous
AHD:[-b-ns] ݴʣ

= =
card
card 1
AHD:[k?rd] 
D.J.[k$8d]
K.K.[k$rd]
n.ʣ
A flat, usually rectangular piece of stiff paper, cardboard, or plastic, especially:
ֽƬƬһֱƽģͨεӲֽƬֽӲƬָ
One of a set or pack bearing significant numbers, symbols, or figures, used in games and in divination.
ֽƣֽԣֽϷռеһ׻һӡкĺ롢ŻֵֽƬ֮һ
A greeting card.
ؿ
A post card.
Ƭ
One bearing a person's name and other information, used for purposes of identification or classification.
Ƭӡһ˵ֽƬ֤
A business card.
ҵƬ
A credit card.
ÿ
A magnetic card.
ſ
One used for recording information in a file:
Ͽһм¼ϢõĿƬ
an index card; a recipe card.
Ƭʳ׿Ƭ
cards (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Games 
 cards 뵥ãϷ 
A game played with cards.
ֽϷ
The playing of games with cards.

A program, especially for a sports event.
ĿָµĽĿ
A menu, as in a restaurant.
˵͹Ĳ˵
A wine list.
Ƶ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A circuit board, especially for use in a microcomputer.
Ƭ濨һֵ·壬ָ΢ͼĵ·
A punch card.
׿Ƭ
A compass card.
޾̶
Informal An eccentrically amusing person.
ʽ ˷ЦĹŹֵ
Something, such as an advantageous circumstance or tactical maneuver, that can be used to help gain an objective:
ֶΣ취ƣܹﵽһĿĵĶĻĲԣ
[He believed that]  Soviet Russia . . . had far more Iranian cards to play than had the United States (Theodore Draper)
[] նиĶʵĲԿɲݡ (¶ࡤ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
card.ed,card.ing,cards 
To furnish with or attach to a card.
ΪṩƬڡϸƬ
To list (something) on a card; catalogue.
ǼǣڿƬгĳǼǣ
To check the identification of, especially in order to verify legal age.
ʸ񣺼顭ָ֤Ϊ˺ʵ
?
card in
To sign in, as at a place of business, by use of a magnetic card.
ǩҵôſеĵǼ
card out
To sign out, as from a place of business, by use of a magnetic card.
ǩˣôſǼʾ뿪뿪ҵĳʱ
?
card up (one's) sleeve
A secret resource or plan held in reserve:
нƣģضıԻƻ
a tough negotiator who had a number of cards up his sleeve.
һӵкܶƵԶԸ̸
in the cards
Likely or certain to happen:
ܻܿһᷢģ
My promotion to a higher position just isn't in the cards.
ҵְλܿܲ
put (one's) cards on the table 
lay (one's) cards on the table
To make frank and clear revelation, as of one's motives or intentions.
̯ƣԼĶͼ̹˵ع
?
Middle English carde 
йӢ carde 
from Old French carte 
Դ ŷ carte 
from Latin charta [paper made from papyrus] 
Դ  charta [ֽֽ] 
from Greek khart?s 
Դ ϣ khart?s 
?
card
card 2
AHD:[k?rd] 
D.J.[k$8d]
K.K.[k$rd]
n.ʣ
A wire-toothed brush or a machine fitted with rows of wire teeth, used to disentangle fibers, as of wool, prior to spinning.
һָ˿ݵˢӻװŸ˿ݵĻڷɴǰάëά
A device used to raise the nap on a fabric.
ëһʹάëװ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
card.ed,card.ing,cards 
To comb out or brush with a card.
壬ˢˢ
?
Middle English carde 
йӢ carde 
from Medieval Latin cardus 
Դ  cardus 
from Latin carduus [thistle] 
Դ  carduus [] 
?
carder
n.ʣ

= =
care
care
AHD:[kar] 
D.J.[ke*]
K.K.[kWr]
n.ʣ
A burdened state of mind, as that arising from heavy responsibilities; worry.
ǣص״̬شص״̬
Mental suffering; grief.
ʹˣ
An object or source of worry, attention, or solicitude:
£գעǵĶԴ
the many cares of a working parent.
ϰุĸ
Caution in avoiding harm or danger:
СģСԱ˺Σգ
handled the crystal bowl with care.
СĽˮ
Close attention; painstaking application:
ģע⣻ʮϸͿĨ
painting the window frames and sashes with care.
Сϸᴰ
Upkeep; maintenance:
ά֣
a product for the care of fine floors; hair care products.
ذĲƷƷ
Watchful oversight; charge or supervision:
չˣϸϣչܻ໤
left the child in the care of a neighbor.
Сھտ
Attentive assistance or treatment to those in need:
Ҫеṩϸĵİƣ
a hospital that provides emergency care.
ṩҽԺ
v.ʣ
cared,car.ing,cares 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be concerned or interested:
Ļע
Once inside, we didn't care whether it rained or not.
һڣǾͲں²
To provide needed assistance or watchful supervision:
ϣṩбҪİСϸļ໤
cared for the wounded; caring for an aged relative at home.
Աϼϵ
To object or mind:
Ի⣺
If no one cares, I'll smoke.
û˷ԵĻҾͳ
To have a liking or attachment:
Ȥϲ
didn't care for the movie.
ϲӰ
To have a wish; be inclined:
ϣڣ
Would you care for another helping?
㻹õ?
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wish; desire:
Ը
Would you care to dance?
?
To be concerned to the degree of:
עĳ̶ȣ
I don't care a bit what critics think.
һҲںۼô
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cearu 
Դ Ӣ cearu 
?
care,charge,custody,keeping,supervision,trust
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the function of watching, guarding, or overseeing: 
ЩʹеҪ˼ǡ⡢ܻලְܡ 
left the house keys in my care;
ѷԿұܣ
has charge of all rare books in the library;
ͼݵеƱ飻
had custody of his friend's car during her absence;
Ѳڵչ
left the canary in the neighbors' keeping;
ѽ˿ȸھտ
assuming supervision of the first-grade pupils;
еһ꼶Сѧļ໤
documents that were committed to the bank's trust. See also Synonyms at  anxiety 
ίбܵļ μͬ anxiety
?
It is true that a close examination of the syntax of the phraseI could care less  reveals that it ought by rights to mean something like I care more than I might, rather than I don't 
care at all. But while the illogicality of a phrase may be reason enough for excluding it from formal writing,this illogicality cannot be invoked as grounds for keeping it out of the 
colloquial language,particularly when the phrase is itself an expression of casual indifference.See Usage Note at cannot 
ԶI could care less ľ䷨ϸоʾöﰴӦơҼ⣬Ӧġ˼ʾһҲ⡱һȷɡ ǣ
һв߼Եĺ壬Ҳһʹ䲻߼÷ųʽ֮⣻ⲻ߼ȴܱԮΪųڿ÷֮ĸݣǵöﱾ
ֻһʽĻıʱμ cannot
?
CARE
CARE
abbr.
Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere.
Ԯ

= =
career
ca.reer
AHD:[k-r?r] 
D.J.[k*6r!*]
K.K.[k*6r!r]
n.ʣ
A chosen pursuit; a profession or occupation.
ְҵѡְҵҪר֪ʶѵְҵ
The general course or progression of one's working life or one's professional achievements:
ģĳ˹ҵȡóɾ͵ܵĹ̻̣
an officer with a distinguished career; a teacher in the midst of a long career.
׿Խɾ͵ľ٣֮еʦ
A path or course, as of the sun through the heavens.
̣·̣̫еĽ
Speed:
ٶȣ
My hasting days fly on with full career(John Milton)
ҴҴææȫٵطŶȥ(Լ׶)
adj.ݴʣ
Doing what one does as a permanent occupation or lifework:
ԡΪְҵģ
career diplomats; a career criminal.
ְҵ⽻٣ְҵﷸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ca.reered,ca.reer.ing,ca.reers 
To move or run at full speed; rush.See Usage Note at careen 
ͳ壺ȫ˶ܶͳμ careen
?
French carrire 
 carrire 
from Old French [racecourse] 
Դ ŷ [ģܵ] 
from Old Proven?al carriera [street] 
Դ ˹ carriera [ֵ] 
from Medieval Latin (via) carr3a [(road) for carts] 
Դ  (via) carr3a [󳵵ģ·] 
from Latin carrus [a Gallic type of wagon] * see  kers- 
Դ  carrus [һָ¬ʽ] *μ kers- 

= =
careful
care.ful
AHD:[karfl] 
D.J.[6ke*f*l]
K.K.[6kWrf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Attentive to potential danger, error, or harm; cautious:
СģעǱڵΣա˺ģģ
was careful when crossing the busy street; gave a careful answer.
ͨæĽֵʱǳСģĻش
Thorough and painstaking in action or execution; conscientious:
ģжʱȫСĵģģ
a careful search; careful art restorers.
׵Ѳ飻Ʒ޸
Protective; solicitous:
ģػģ
Be careful of his feelings.
һ
Full of cares or anxiety:
ǵģ
Thou art careful and troubled about many things(Luke 10:41)
Ϊ˼Ƿš(·Ӹ10:41)
?
carefully
adv.ʣ
carefulness
n.ʣ
?
careful,heedful,mindful,observant,watchful
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is cautiously attentive: 
Щݴʵ˼ǡǳСĵעġ 
was careful not to get her shoes muddy;
ǳСĲŪЬӣ
heedful of the danger;
עΣգ
mindful of his health;
Ľ
observant to avoid giving offense;
עðˣ
a watchful nurse tending a critically ill patient. See also Synonyms at  meticulous careless 
չһزŵĽĻʿ μͬ meticulouscareless

= =
careless
care.less
AHD:[karl1s] 
D.J.[6ke*l!s]
K.K.[6kWrl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Taking insufficient care; negligent:
ĵģģĵģӵģ
a careless housekeeper; careless proofreading.
ĵŮܼңУ
Marked by or resulting from lack of forethought or thoroughness:
ʵģȱǵġϸܵģȱǻ򲻹ϸģ
a careless mistake.
֦ҶĴ
Showing a lack of consideration:
ʵģǷǵģ
a careless remark.
ʵ
Unconcerned or indifferent; heedless:
ĮģĵĻ䵭ģעģ
careless of the consequences.
˺
Unstudied or effortless:
ģȻĻ򲻷Ѿģ
danced with careless grace.
Ժ
Exhibiting a disposition that is free from cares; cheerful:
ǵģֳģģ
a careless grin; a careless wave of the hand.
Цһ
?
carelessly
adv.ʣ
carelessness
n.ʣ
?
careless,heedless,thoughtless,inadvertent
These adjectives apply to what is marked by insufficient care or attention.
ЩݴʶʾСĽĻ򲻹עġ
 Careless   often implies negligence: 
 Careless  ˼ 
It is natural for careless writers to run into faults they never think of  (George Berkeley).
 ߻Ǵû뵽ĴһǺȻġ Ρ
 Heedless   suggests often reckless inattentiveness: 
 Heedless  в˺ĵ˼ 
We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals; we know now that it is bad economics  (Franklin D. Roosevelt).
 Ѿãֻ˲ʵؿڹȥǵ°ܻ֪ľ D˹
 Thoughtless   applies to actions taken without due thought or consideration: 
 Thoughtless  ָûֵ˼Ƕȡж 
At length I recollected the thoughtless saying of a great princess, who, on being informed that the country people had no bread, replied, Let them eat cake  (Jean Jacques 
Rousseau).
 ڣһһλΰ󷢱ۣڱ֪ûʱش˵ǳԵɡ áſˡ¬󣩡
 Inadvertent   is used of actions marked by unintentional lack of care: 
 Inadvertent  ָΪⲻĵģ 
With an inadvertent gesture she swept the vase off the table onto the floor. 
˸ƣϵĻƿ򷭵ϡ 

= =
cargo
car.go
AHD:[k?rg?] 
D.J.[6k$8g*&]
K.K.[6k$rgo]
n.ʣ
 car.goes  car.gos  
The freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle.
ɻͨصĻ
?
Spanish 
 
from cargar [to load] 
Դ cargar [װ] 
from Late Latin carric3e 
Դ  carric3e 
from Latin carrus [a Gallic type of wagon] * see  kers- 
Դ  carrus [һָ¬ʽ˻] *μ kers- 

= =
carpenter
car.pen.ter
AHD:[k?rpn-tr] 
D.J.[6k$8p*nt*]
K.K.[6k$rp*nt+]
n.ʣ
A skilled worker who makes, finishes, and repairs wooden objects and structures.
ľľһּˣɲľľʽṹ
v.ʣ
car.pen.tered,car.pen.ter.ing,car.pen.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make, finish, or repair (wooden structures).
ɻľʽṹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work as a carpenter.
ľľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin carpent3) [(maker) of a carriage] 
Դ  carpent3) [ģߣ] 
from carpentum [a two-wheeled carriage] * see  kers- 
Դ carpentum [˫] *μ kers- 
?
carpentry
AHD:[-tr?] ʣ

= =
carpet
car.pet
AHD:[k?rp1t] 
D.J.[6k$8p!t]
K.K.[6k$rp!t]
n.ʣ
A thick, heavy covering for a floor, usually made of woven wool or synthetic fibers; a rug.
̺ذϵĺصĸͨ֯ɵëϳάɣƤë̺
The fabric used for this floor covering.
̺֯ϣ̺֯֯
A surface or surface covering that is similar to a rug:
̺״ڵ̺ı㸲
a carpet of leaves and pine needles on the forest floor.
ɭָһҶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
car.pet.ed,car.pet.ing,car.pets 
To cover with or as if with a carpet:
̵̺ڡϵ̺̺״
carpet the stairs; snow that carpeted the sidewalks.
¥̵̺еϵѩ
?
on the carpet
In a position of being reprimanded by one in authority:
ѵ⣺ڱһȨʿѵ״
was called on the carpet for cheating.
ƭȥѵ
Under discussion or consideration:
УڿУ
Several important matters will be on the carpet at today's meeting.
ҪҪڽĻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French carpite 
Դ ŷ carpite 
from Medieval Latin carpoa 
Դ  carpoa 
from Old Italian carpita 
Դ  carpita 
from carpire [to pluck] 
Դ carpire [Σժ] 
from Latin carpere * see  kerp- 
Դ  carpere *μ kerp- 

= =
carriage
car.riage
AHD:[k2r1j] 
D.J.[6k#r!d9]
K.K.[6k#r!d9]
n.ʣ
A wheeled vehicle, especially a four-wheeled horse-drawn passenger vehicle, often of an elegant design.
ӵĳָֿͳƵúܾ
Chiefly British A railroad passenger car.
Ӣ 𳵿ͳ
A baby carriage.
Ӥ
A wheeled support or frame for carrying a heavy object, such as a cannon.
֧ܣڵĴֵ֧
A moving part of a machine for holding or shifting another part:
мܣĿƶ֣ػһ֣
the carriage of a typewriter.
ֻм
The act or process of transporting or carrying.
ͣ͵Ķ
[k2r?-1j] The cost of or the charge for transporting.
[k2r?-1j] ˷ѣĻѻ
The manner of holding and moving one's head and body; bearing.See Synonyms at posture 
̬֧źƶͷķʽֹμ posture
Archaic Management; administration.
 Ӫ
?
Middle English cariage 
йӢ cariage 
from Norman French 
Դ ŵ 
from carier [to carry] * see  carry 
Դ carier [] *μ carry

= =
carrier
car.ri.er
AHD:[k2r?-r] 
D.J.[6k#ri8*]
K.K.[6k#ri+]
n.ʣ
One that transports or conveys:
ˣ˻ˣ
baggage carriers; a message carrier.
˹
One, such as a person, a business, or an organization, that deals in the transport of passengers or goods.
乫˾ÿͻˡҵ˾֯
A mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted.
һԴͻ򴫵ƷĻеװ
Medicine A person or an animal that shows no symptoms of a disease but harbors the infectious agent of that disease and is capable of transmitting it to others.
ҽѧ ߣûбֳ֢״ȴЯּĴȾӲɴܹ˻
Genetics An individual that carries one gene for a particular recessive trait. A carrier does not express the trait but, when mated with another carrier, can produce offspring that do.
Ŵѧ ߣĳֻЯߣĻЯߡֻЯ䲻ֳһһЯ߽ĺֳ
Electronics 
ѧ 
A carrier wave.
ز
A charge-carrying entity, especially an electron or a hole in a semiconductor.
壺壬ָһ뵼еĵӻѨ
An aircraft carrier.
ĸ
A telecommunications company.
Ź˾

= =
carrot
car.rot
AHD:[k2rt] 
D.J.[6k#r*t]
K.K.[6k#r*t]
n.ʣ
A biennial Eurasian plant(Daucus carota  subsp. sativus)  in the parsley family, widely cultivated as an annual for its edible taproot. 
ܲһֲŷǴ½ɡοֲܲ Ұܲ  ܲ ֱʳΪһֲ㷺ֲ 
The usually tapering, elongate, fleshy orange root of this plant, eaten as a vegetable.
ܲܲͨһ˼ϸӳĳɫʵĸΪ߲ʳ
Queen Anne's lace.
ŮĻ
A reward offered for desired behavior; an inducement:
ͣΪڴΪṩĽͣƭ
The U.S. should use a moratorium on[strategic defense initiative]  development as a carrot to bring an acceptable offensive arms limitation (C. Peter Gall)
Ӧӻȡ ԴΪջٳɶԽܱܵơ (C.˵áӶ)
?
French carotte 
 carotte 
from Old French garroite 
Դ ŷ garroite 
from Latin car?a 
Դ  car?a 
from Greek kar?n * see  ker- 1
Դ ϣ kar?n *μ ker- 1

= =
cart
cart
AHD:[k?rt] 
D.J.[k$8t]
K.K.[k$rt]
n.ʣ
A small wheeled vehicle typically pushed by hand:
һͨƶСʹֳ
a shopping cart; a pastry cart.
ﳵ㳵
A two-wheeled vehicle drawn by an animal and used in farm work and for transporting goods.
ũֳһũʹòͻֳ
An open two-wheeled carriage.
ֳ
A light motorized vehicle:
ͳһͻ
a golf cart.
߶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cart.ed,cart.ing,carts 
To convey in a cart or truck:
Ƴ򿨳ͣ
cart away garbage.

To convey laboriously or unceremoniously; lug:
ˣ򲻽ʽͣصŲ
carted the whole gang off to jail.
ӴͽѺ
?
Middle English [wagon] 
йӢ [Ƴ] 
from Old English cr?t 
Դ Ӣ cr?t 
and from Old Norse kartr 
Դ ˹ά kartr 
?
cartable
adj.ݴʣ
carter
n.ʣ

= =
cartoon
car.toon
AHD:[k?r-t?n] 
D.J.[k$86tu8n]
K.K.[k$r6tun]
n.ʣ
A drawing depicting a humorous situation, often accompanied by a caption.
ͨĬ龰ͨн˵ʵһ
A drawing representing current public figures or issues symbolically and often satirically:
ͨԵֵǰ¼Ļ
a political cartoon.

A preliminary sketch similar in size to the work, such as a fresco, that is to be copied from it.
ͼڳߴһڻƵԤ裬ҪӴ˲ͼĦ
An animated cartoon.
Ƭ
A comic strip.

v.ʣ
car.tooned,car.toon.ing,car.toons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw a humorous or satirical representation of; caricature.
ΪһĬԵĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make humorous or satirical drawings.
Ĭ̻
?
French carton [drawing] 
 carton [ͼ] 
from Italian cartone [pasteboard] * see  carton 
Դ  cartone [ֽ] *μ carton
?
cartoonish
adj.ݴʣ
cartoonist
n.ʣ

= =
carve
carve
AHD:[k?rv] 
D.J.[k$8v]
K.K.[k$rv]
v.ʣ
carved,carv.ing,carves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide into pieces by cutting; slice:
гɱƬֳͨƬгƬ
carve a roast turkey.
ѿгɱƬ
To divide by parceling out:
ָͨɲֿ
carve up an estate.
ָز
To cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting:
̣иһҪ״ͨп죺
carve the wood into a figure.
ľ
To make or form by or as if by cutting:
ƣͨͨ죺
carve initials in the bark; carved out an empire.
ֵĸƤϣһ۹
To decorate by cutting and shaping carefully.
Σͨϸ̺װ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engrave or cut figures as an art, a hobby, or a trade.
ܣѵΪһûҵΪ
To disjoint, slice, and serve meat or poultry.
ƬгƬʳ֮
?
Middle English kerven 
йӢ kerven 
from Old English ceorfan * see  gerbh- 
Դ Ӣ ceorfan *μ gerbh- 
?
carver
n.ʣ

= =
case
case 1
AHD:[k3s] 
D.J.[ke!s]
K.K.[kes]
n.ʣ
An instance of something; an occurrence; an example:
¼ӣ
a case of mistaken identity.See Synonyms at example 
һӲμ example
An occurrence of a disease or disorder:
һּʵӣ
a mild case of flu.
еĲ
A set of circumstances or a state of affairs; a situation:
״һϵ¼һ״̬״
It may rain, in which case the hike will be canceled.
꣬Ļͽнᱻȡ
Actual fact; reality:
ʵʵʵ
We suspected the walls were hollow, and this proved to be the case.
ǻǽǿյģ֤ʵ
A question or problem; a matter:
⣻飺
It is simply a case of honor.
ⴿһ
A situation that requires investigation, especially by a formal or official body.
һҪ飬Ҫһʽٷ
Law 
ɡ 
An action or a suit or just grounds for an action.
ϣϰϻϵ
The facts or evidence offered in support of a claim.
֤ݣṩ֧һϵʵ֤
A set of reasons or supporting facts; an argument:
ɣ۾ݣһϵɻ֧Եʵ۾ݣ
presented a good case for changing the law.
һܺõıɵ
A person or group of persons being assisted, treated, or studied, as by a physician, lawyer, or social worker.
ˣίˣҽʦṤԮƻоһ˻һȺ
Informal A peculiar or eccentric person; a character.
ʽ ˣһػˣ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The syntactic relationship of a noun, a pronoun or a determiner to the other words of a sentence, indicated by declensional endings, by the position of the words within the sentence, by 
prepositions, or by postpositions.
һʡʻһ޶һʵľ䷨ϵͨβ仯Щھеλáʻߺôʱʾ
The form or position of a word that indicates this relationship.
λλãʾһϵһʵʽλ
Such forms, positions, and relationships considered as a group.
һλλãΪһʽλú͹ϵ
A pattern of inflection of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives to express different syntactic functions in a sentence.
α仯ʽʡʺݴһбʾͬľ䷨ܵĴ۱仯ʽ
The form of such an inflected word.
δʣһη۱仯Ĵʵʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cased,cas.ing,cas.es ʽ 
To examine carefully, as in planning a crime:
ȵ㣺ϸ飬߻һʱ
cased the bank before robbing it.
ǰȵ
?
in any case
Regardless of what has occurred or will occur.
Σ֮ѾҪʲô
in case
If it happens that; if.

As a precaution:
Էһ
took along an umbrella, just in case.
һɡԷһ
in case of
If there should happen to be:

a number to call in case of emergency.
һĺ
?
Middle English cas 
йӢ cas 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c3s [from past participle of] cadere [to fall] * see  kad- 
Դ  c3s  [] ԴcadereĹȥִ [׹] *μ kad- 
?
case
case 2
AHD:[k3s] 
D.J.[ke!s]
K.K.[kes]
n.ʣ
A container; a receptacle:

a jewelry case; meat-filled cases of dough.
鱦У
Abbr. c.,C.,cs.A container with its contents.
д c.,C.,cs.һ֮һʢĶ
A decorative or protective covering or cover.
ӣһװԻ򱣻Եֻ
A set or pair:
һ飻һԣ
a case of pistols.
һǹ
The frame or framework of a window, door, or stairway.
ӣŻ¥ݵĿӻ
The surface or outer layer of a metal alloy.
㣺Ͻı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cased,cas.ing,cas.es 
To put into or cover with a case; encase.
ѡװ䣺Žһһǣѡװ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Norman French casse 
Դ ŵ casse 
from Latin capsa 
Դ  capsa 

= =
cash
cash 1
AHD:[k2sh] 
D.J.[k#.]
K.K.[k#.]
n.ʣ
Money in the form of bills or coins; currency.
ֳֽֽһӲңͨ
Payment for goods or services in currency or by check.
֧Իһ֧ƱʽΪƷ֧Ľ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cashed,cash.ing,cash.es 
To exchange for or convert into ready money:
һѡֿ
cash a check; cash in one's gambling chips.
һ֧Ʊѳһֽ
?
cash in
To withdraw from a venture by or as if by settling one's account.
֣֣ͨͨԼĿһͶ˳
Informal To obtain a profit or other advantage by timely exploitation:
ʽ ˻ãͨʱĿô
Profiteers cashed in during the gasoline shortage.
ͶʯͶȱһ
Slang To die.
ٵ 
cash out
To dispose of a long-held asset for profit:
ۺı棺Ϊ˻ܳʱĲƲ
Hard-pressed farmers are tempted to cash out by selling their valuable land.
ũǺֵǮ
?
Obsolete French casse [money box]  from Norman French * see  case 2
ѷϷ casse [Ǯ]  Դ ŵ *μ case2
or from Italian cassa  from Latin capsa [case] 
Դ  cassa  Դ  capsa [] 
?
cashless
adj.ݴʣ
?
cash
cash 2
AHD:[k2sh] 
D.J.[k#.]
K.K.[k#.]
n.ʣ
 cash 
Any of various Asian coins of small denomination, especially a copper and lead coin with a square hole in its center.
СңһСǮңָмһ׵ͭҺǦ
?
Portuguese caixa 
 caixa 
from Tamil k3u [a small coin] 
Դ ̩׶ k3u [СӲ] 
?
Cash
Cash
AHD:[k2sh] John  Known as Johnny.(Born 1932) 
D.J.[k#.]
K.K.[k#.]
NONE޴ԣ
American country and western singer and songwriter best known for his songs about poverty and the downtrodden, including Folsom Prison Blues (1969).
Լ弰ּңƶѹֵĸΪ֪Ʒķ(1969)

= =
cassette
cas.sette
AHD:[k-st, k2-] 
D.J.[k*6set, k#-]
K.K.[k*6sWt, k#-]
n.ʣ
A small, flat case containing two reels and a length of magnetic tape that winds between them, used in audio or video tape recorders or players.
ϻװ̺һ֮ĴԴӵıƽСӣڴŴʽ¼¼
A lightproof cartridge containing photographic film or plates, used in specially designed cameras.
ϻװӰйķ⽺УƵ
A cartridge for holding and winding typewriter or printer ribbon while in the machine.
ɫУڴֻӡвɫĺ
?
French [small box] 
 [С] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
diminutive of Norman French casse [case] * see  case 2
 ŵ casseС׺ [] *μ case2

= =
cast
cast
AHD:[k2st] 
D.J.[k#st]
K.K.[k#st]
v.ʣ
cast,cast.ing,casts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw (something, especially something light):
ͶףĶ
The angler cast the line.
߰ѵ˳ȥ
To throw with force; hurl:
ף
waves that cast driftwood far up on the shore.See Synonyms at throw 
ѸľԶԶ׵ϵĲ˲μ throw
To shed; molt.
䣻Ƥ
To throw forth; drop:
ǰף£
cast anchor.
ê
To throw on the ground, as in wrestling.
ˤϣˤ
To deposit or indicate (a ballot or vote).
ŻָʾһͶƱѡƱ
To turn or direct:
ת
All eyes were cast upon the speaker.
ĿͶע˵
To cause to fall onto or over something or in a certain direction, as if by throwing:
ʹڡͶ䣺ʹĳϷ߳ĳһ䣬ƺͨ
candles casting light; cast aspersions on my character; findings that cast doubt on our hypothesis.
򣻶ҵ˸Űǵļ˵ʵķ
To bestow; confer:
裻裺
The government I cast upon my brother(Shakespeare)
ҰͳȨҵܵܡ(ɯʿ)
To roll or throw (dice, for example).
Ͷӣ
To draw (lots).
ץΣ飨ǩ
To give birth to prematurely:

The cow cast a calf.
ĸţһͷСţ
To cause (hunting hounds) to scatter and circle in search of a lost scent.
ɢѰʹԹɢȥѰһʧζ
To choose actors for (a play, for example).
ΪһϷѡԱ
To assign a certain role to (an actor):
ָݣĳһɫɸһԱ
cast her as the lead.
ָ
To assign an actor to (a part):
ָɫѡĳԱݣһɫ
cast each role carefully.
ϸÿһɫ
To form (liquid metal, for example) into a particular shape by pouring into a mold.
죺ͨѣҺעһģߣʹһ״
To give a form to; arrange:
ʽţ
decided to cast the book in three parts.
Ȿ鰲ų
To contrive; devise:
ƣ޶
cast a plan.
ƶһƻ
To calculate or compute; add up (a column of figures).
㣺㣻ѣһ֣
To calculate astrologically:
ռǣռļ㣺
cast my horoscope.
ռҵ
To warp; twist:
ʹ᣻ʹ
floorboards cast by age.
ĵذ
Nautical To turn (a ship); change to the opposite tack.
 ת򣺰ѣִת򣻱䵽෴ĺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To throw something, especially to throw out a lure or bait at the end of a fishing line.
ף׶ָ׳ĩ˵ն
To add a column of figures; make calculations.
ӣ㣺һּ
To make a conjecture or a forecast.
йƻԤ
To receive form or shape in a mold.
죺һģлʽ״
To search for a lost scent in hunting with hounds.
׷ʧȥڴԹѰһʧζ
Nautical 
 
To veer to leeward from a former course; fall off.
ת·磬·磺ǰĺת·紦ƫ·
To put about; tack.
תת
To choose actors for the parts in a play, movie, or other theatrical presentation.
ɶԱΪһ硢ӰϷеĽɫѡԱ
Obsolete To estimate; conjecture.
 ƣ²
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of casting or throwing.
ӣ׵Ķ
The distance thrown.
Ͷľ
A throwing of a fishing line or net into the water.
ѵ߻Ͷˮ
The line or net thrown.
Ͷĵ߻
A throw of dice.

The number thrown.
Ŀ
A stroke of fortune or fate; lot.

A direction or expression of the eyes.
۾ķ
A slight squint.
΢б
Something, such as molted skin, that is thrown off, out, or away.
ĶƤ
The addition of a column of figures; calculation.
ӣһֵӣ
A conjecture; a forecast.
²⣻Ԥ
The act of pouring molten material into a mold.
룺ۻעһģߵĶ
The amount of molten material poured into a mold at a single operation.
һβעۻ
Something formed by this means:
ַͨʽƳɵĶ
The sculpture was a bronze cast.
ͭɵ
An impression formed in a mold or matrix; a mold:
ģͣģӣһģ߻ӡģγɵӡǣģߣ
a cast of her face made in plaster.
ʯģ
A rigid dressing, usually made of gauze and plaster of Paris, used to immobilize an injured body part, as in a fracture or dislocation.Also called  plaster cast 
ϣʯģһֱķϣͨɴʯƳɣ̶һڹۻѾʶ˵岿λҲ  plaster cast
The form in which something is made or constructed; arrangement:
ͣĳṹʽţ
the close-set cast of her features.
ʮֽյ
Outward form or look; appearance:
òڵʽ飻
a suit of stylish cast.
һʽ
Sort; type:
ࣻ
fancied himself to be of a macho cast.
Լһǿ׳
An inclination; tendency:

her thoughtful cast of mind.
˼
The actors in a theatrical presentation.
ϷԱ
A slight trace of color; a tinge.
ɫ΢һĨɫɫ
A distortion of shape.
Σ״Ť
The circling of hounds to pick up a scent in hunting.
ԹڴʱѰζ
A pair of hawks released by a falconer at one time.See Synonyms at flock 1
ӥһηŷɵһӥμ flock1
?
cast about
To make a search; look:
ѰѰ٣
had to cast about for an hour, looking for a good campsite.
Ϊһõ¶ӪأòѰһСʱ
To devise means; contrive:
뷽跨ƻ
cast about for new ways to proceed.
ҵȥ·
cast around
To search about:
Ѱң
cast around for solutions to the problem.
Ѱҽİ취
cast off
To discard; reject:
ܾ
cast off old clothing.
ӵ·
To let go; set loose:
ͷţʹɣ
cast off a boat; cast off a line.
⿪ſ
To make the last row of stitches in knitting.
룬֯ãڱ֯֯һ
Printing To estimate the space a mansucript will occupy when set into type.
ӡˢ ŰĿռ䣺һƪָŰʱռƪ
cast on
To make the first row of stitches in knitting.
֯ʱ
cast out
To drive out by force; expel.
Ͽ
?
cast (one's) lot with
To join or side with for better or worse.
ͬʹࣺ򹲵û龰
?
Middle English casten 
йӢ casten 
from Old Norse kasta 
Դ ˹ά kasta 

= =
castle
cas.tle
AHD:[k2sl] 
D.J.[6k#s*l]
K.K.[6k#s*l]
n.ʣ
A large fortified building or group of buildings with thick walls, usually dominating the surrounding country.
ǱкǽĴͽȺͨΧĴׯ
A fortified stronghold converted to residential use.
ǱװסլתΪסõһ̵ĳǱ
A large, ornate building similar to or resembling a fortified stronghold.
լһƼ̱ݵװλĴ
A place of privacy, security, or refuge.
Ρȫĵط
Games See  rook 2
Ϸ μ  rook2
v.ʣ
cas.tled,cas.tling,cas.tles 
v.intr.Games ﶯʣϷ 
To move the king in chess from its own square two empty squares to one side and then, in the same move, bring the rook from that side to the square immediately past the new position 
of the king.
óڹУԼķһƶշȻͬƶаѳǱλõķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in or as if in a castle.
ڳǱУûƷáڳǱ
Games To move (the king in chess) by castling.
Ϸ ڹУͨƶ
?
Middle English castel 
йӢ castel 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
and from Norman French 
Դ ŵ 
both from Latin castellum [diminutive of] castrum * see  kes- 
Դ  castellum  [] castrumС׺ *μ kes- 
?
Castle
Cas.tle
AHD:[k2sl] Vernon Blythe (1887-1918) 
D.J.[6k#s*l]
K.K.[6k#s*l]
NONE޴ԣ
British-born dancer who together with his wife,Irene Foote Castle  (1893-1969), gained recognition for innovative dancing. 
ũȣ(1887-1918) Ӣ赸ңްȡؿ 1893-1969꣩˫˫ԶԵ˻ñ 

= =
casual
ca.su.al
AHD:[k2zh?-l] 
D.J.[6k#9u8*l]
K.K.[6k#9u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring by chance.See Synonyms at chance 
żȻĲμ chance
Occurring at irregular or infrequent intervals; occasional:
ʱģģ򲻾ؼϷģżȻģ
casual employment at a factory; a casual correspondence with a former teacher.
ʱӶԱǰʦĲͨ
Unpremeditated; offhand:
Ԥıģģ
a casual remark.
ϯ
Being without ceremony or formality; relaxed:
ɵģûʽģɵģ
a casual evening with friends.
ѵɾۻ
Suited for everyday wear or use; informal.
ģʽģÿմŻʹõģʽ
Not serious or thorough; superficial:
ǳģĵģػȫģǳģ
a casual inspection.
ĵĵ
Showing little interest or concern; nonchalant:
ĵģ޶ԵģֳСȤĵģĵģ
a casual disregard for cold weather.
ںں
Lenient; permissive:
ģģ
a casual attitude toward drugs.
ԶƷ̬
Not close or intimate; passing:
ϤģӽĻ׽ģԵģ
a casual acquaintance with avant-garde music.
֪ȷ
n.ʣ
One that serves or appears at irregular intervals, especially a temporary worker.
ʱʱֵˣָʱ
Often casuals Casual clothing.
  casuals װ
A soldier temporarily attached to a unit while awaiting permanent assignment.
ݱԱǲԱʱĳһλȺ̶ľʿ
?
Middle English casuel 
йӢ casuel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c33lis} 
Դ  c33lis} 
from c3s [event] * see  case 1
Դ c3s [¼] *μ case1
?
casually
adv.ʣ
casualness
n.ʣ

= =
casualty
ca.su.al.ty
AHD:[k2zh?-l-t?] 
D.J.[6k#9u8*lti8]
K.K.[6k#9u*lti]
n.ʣ
 ca.su.al.ties 
An accident, especially one involving serious injury or loss of life.
¹ʣ¹ʣָ˺ʧ¹
One injured or killed in an accident:
ܺˣ¹˻ˣ
a train wreck with an unknown number of casualties.
һβ֪Ļ¹
One injured, killed, captured, or missing in action through engagement with an enemy.
ˣ˽սˡʧ
Often casualties Loss in numbers especially through engagement with an enemy:
  casualties ʧʧָнսе
Battlefield casualties were high.
սʮֶ
One that is harmed or eliminated as a result of an action or circumstance:
ܺߣĳ˶򻷾˺
The corner grocery was a casualty of the expanding supermarkets.
ӻĳгܺ
?
Middle English casuelte 
йӢ casuelte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin c33lit3s} [chance, accident] 
Դ  c33lit3s} [ᣬ¹] 
from Latin c33lis} [fortuitous] * see  casual 
Դ  c33lis} [żȻ] *μ casual

= =
cat
cat
AHD:[k2t] 
D.J.[k#t]
K.K.[k#t]
n.ʣ
A small carnivorous mammal(Felis catus  or F. domesticus)  domesticated since early times as a catcher of rats and mice and as a pet and existing in several distinctive breeds and 
varieties. 
èһ֣è è  è è СʳⲸ鶯ڲ׽ͼ󣬺ͿʼѱΪԼ಻ͬƷֺ 
Any of various other carnivorous mammals of the family Felidae, which includes the lion, tiger, leopard, and lynx.
èƶ಻ͬèƶʨɽè
The fur of a domestic cat.
èƤèëƤ
A woman who is regarded as spiteful.
񶾵ŮˣΪƢõŮ
A cat-o'-nine-tails.
β
A catfish.

Nautical 
 
A cathead.
ê
A device for raising an anchor to the cathead.
êêêܵװ
A catboat.
Φ
A catamaran.
˫
Slang 
ٵ 
A person, especially a man.
ˣˣָ
A player or devotee of jazz music.
ʿ߻
v.ʣ
cat.ted,cat.ting,cats 
v.tr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To hoist an anchor to (the cathead).
êêêܣ
v.intr.Slang ﶯʣٵ 
To look for sexual partners; have an affair or affairs:
Ѱ԰£Թϵ
catting around with every lady in sight(Gore Vidal)
ÿŮ˹(ά)
?
let the cat out of the bag
To let a secret be known.
ʹй¶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English catt 
Դ Ӣ catt 
from Germanic *kattuz 
Դ ն *kattuz 
?
CAT
CAT
AHD:[k2t] 
D.J.[k#t]
K.K.[k#t]
abbr.
 Clear-air turbulence. 
Clear-air turbulence.
 Computerized axial tomography. 
Computerized axial tomography.

= =
catalog
catalog  cat.a.logue
AHD:[k2tl-?g, -?g] 
D.J.[6k#tl7%8g, -7Kg]
K.K.[6k#t17%g, -7$g]
n.Abbr. cat.ʣд cat.
A list or itemized display, as of titles, course offerings, or articles for exhibition or sale, usually including descriptive information or illustrations.
һмǵĳУĿγ̻߹չ۵ƷͨԵϢͼ
A publication, such as a book or pamphlet, containing such a list or display:
Ŀ¼ĳһĳСӣ
a catalog of fall fashions; a seed catalog.
＾ʱװ¼¼
A list or enumeration:
ϸĿ
the long catalogue of his concerns: unemployment, housing, race, drugs, the decay of the inner city, the environment and family life(Anthony Holden)
עĳʧҵס壬Ʒе˥ˣͼͥ(ᡤ)
A card catalog.
ƬĿ¼
v.ʣ
cat.a.loged  cat.a.logued cat.a.log.ing  cat.a.logu.ing cat.a.logs  cat.a.logues  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make an itemized list of:
ơĿ¼
catalog a record collection.
ղسƬĿ
To list or include in a catalog.
룺һ
To classify (a book or publication, for example) according to a categorical system.
ࣺݱƵϵࣨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a catalog.
һĿ¼
To be listed in a catalog:
һĿ¼У
an item that catalogs for 200 dollars.
Ŀ¼ΪҪԪһƷ
?
Middle English cathaloge [list, register] 
йӢ cathaloge [ӣע¼] 
from Old French catalogue 
Դ ŷ catalogue 
from Late Latin catalogus 
Դ  catalogus 
from Greek katalogos 
Դ ϣ katalogos 
from katalegein [to list] 
Դ katalegein [ڵ] 
kata- [down, off] * see  cata- 
kata- [£ȥ] *μ cata-
legein [to count] * see  leg- 
legein [] *μ leg- 
?
cataloger  
cataloguer
n.ʣ

= =
catch
catch
AHD:[k2ch, kch] 
D.J.[k#t., ket.]
K.K.[k#t., kWt.]
v.ʣ
caught[k?t] catch.ing,catch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To capture or seize, especially after a chase.
׽û񣺲׽ץסرǾ׷Ժ
To take by or as if by trapping or snaring.
ղͨͨȦ׻
To discover or come upon suddenly, unexpectedly, or accidentally:
ײͻȻءϵػżȻطֻ
He was caught in the act of stealing.
ʱץ
To become cognizant or aware of suddenly:
ͻȻ֪ʶ
caught her gazing out the window.
ͻȻʶעӴ
To take hold of, especially forcibly or suddenly; grasp:
ץססץסرػͻȻأס
caught me by the arm; caught the reins.
ץסҵĸ첲ץס
To grab so as to stop the motion of:
ץסʹֹͣץԱֹĳ˶
catch a ball.
ס
To overtake:
ϣǰ
The green car caught me on the straightaway.
ֱ̿·ϳ
To reach just in time; take:
ʱϵϣ
caught the bus to town; catch a wave.
ȥ˲
To hold, as by snagging or entangling.
סס񱻲ססץס
To cause to become suddenly or accidentally hooked, entangled, or fastened:
⹳ססʹͻȻػżȻرססס
caught my hem on the stair.
ҵ½󱻹¥
To hold up; delay:

was caught in traffic for an hour.
ͨһСʱ
To hit; strike:

a punch that caught me in the stomach.
Ҷϵһȭ
To check (oneself) during an action:
жֹֹͣĳΪֹԼ
I caught myself before replying.
ڴǰҶһ
To become subject to or to contract, as by exposure to a pathogen:
Ⱦ¶ڲԭж׻׸Ⱦ
catch a cold.
˷
To become affected by or infused with:
Ӱ
caught the joyous mood of the festival.
յĻȾ
To suffer from the receipt of (criticism, for example):
ܵ
caught hell for being late.
Ϊٵ⵽
To take or get suddenly, momentarily, or quickly:
ͻȻõѸٵõͻȻءƬ̵ػٵصõȡ
We caught a glimpse of the monarch. I caught a hint of sarcasm in your response.
ֻƳ˹һۡķӦҸеһЩ̵ζ
To grasp mentally; apprehend:
ھϰգ⣺
I don't catch your meaning.
Ҳ˼
To apprehend and reproduce accurately by or as if by artistic means:
棬֣ͨƺͨķʽᲢ׼ȷ͸ƣ
an impressionist who caught the effects of wind and water in his paintings.
һλĻб˷ˮЧӡɻ
To attract and fix; arrest:
ʹ̶
couldn't catch their attention; caught the teacher's eye.
޷ǵע⣻ʦע
To charm; captivate.
Իס
Informal To go to see (a performance, for example):
ʽ ݣǰۿݳ
caught the midnight show.
ȥҹݳ
To get (something required), usually quickly or for a brief period:
ȡãõҪĶͨѸٵػֻΪһʱڣ
catch some sleep.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become held, entangled, or fastened:
ʹץϵ
My coat caught in the car door.
ҵ·żס
To act or move so as to hold or grab someone or something:
ȡץȡΪץססĳ˻ĳΪƶ
tried to catch at the life preserver.
ͼץסþ
To be communicable or infectious; spread.
ȾΪɴĻɴȾģ
To ignite:
ȼţ
The fire caught.
Ż
Baseball To act as catcher.
 
n.ʣ
The act of catching; a taking and holding.
ӣץӵĶû
Something that catches, especially a device for fastening or for checking motion.
ţӣɹס壬ر˩˶״̬װ
Something caught:

The mistake you found was a good catch.
㷢ֵĴһ
Informal One, such as a person or thing, that is worth catching.
ʽ ֵȡ˻
Sports 
˶ 
The grabbing and holding of a thrown, kicked, or batted ball before it hits the ground.
һ߳ĴǰץסĶ
A game of throwing and catching a ball.
ͶϷ
A quantity that is caught:

The catch amounted to 50 fish.
ﵽ50
A choking or stoppage of the breath or voice.
ҭ
A stop or break in the operation of a mechanism.
жϣֹͣжϻе
Informal A tricky or previously unsuspected condition or drawback:
ʽ 壬թεĻǰɵѣ
It sounds like a good offer, but there may be a catch.
ǸõĽ飬пթ
A snatch; a fragment.
ƬΣ
Music A canonical, often rhythmically intricate composition for three or more voices, popular especially in the 17th and 18th centuries.
֡ ֳһֹ淶ģֻɵɵĸĿ1718
?
catch on
To understand; perceive.
⣻
To become popular:
У
Skateboarding caught on quickly.
˶ܿ
catch out
To detect (another) in the act or process of wrongdoing.
⣨һˣڷΪ
catch up
To snatch:
᣺
The mugger caught the wallet up and fled.
ͽǮв
To detect (another) in a mistake or wrongdoing:
ָָָһˣ
Auditors caught up with the embezzler.
ԱǸռ
To come up from behind; overtake.
Ӻ
To become involved with, often unwillingly:
ǣ棬ǣ룬ǲԸأ
was caught up in the scandal.
漰
To captivate; enthrall:
ԣס
I was caught up in the mood of the evening.
ҳҹ
To bring up to date; brief:
Ҫܣ
Let me catch you up on all the gossip.
ҰеҪ˵
To bring an activity nearer to completion:
ʹӽһӽɣ
I must catch up on my correspondence.
ұ뾡дҵĻ
?
catch fire
To ignite.
ȼ
To become very enthusiastic.
ʮ
To become the subject of great interest and widespread enthusiasm:
ΪȵĶ󣺳Ϊ޴ȤձĶ
an idea that caught fire all over the country.
һٹȵ뷨
catch itʽ
To receive a punishment or scolding.
ܳͷ
catch (one's) breath
To rest so as to be able to continue an activity.
Ϣһ£ΪϢ
?
Middle English cacchen 
йӢ cacchen 
from Old North French cachier [to chase] 
Դ ŷ cachier [׷] 
from Latin capt3e [frequentative of] capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
Դ  capt3e  [] capereظ [ץס] *μ kap- 
?
catchable
adj.ݴʣ
?
catch,enmesh,ensnare,entangle,entrap,snare,tangle,trap
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to take in and hold as if by using bait or a lure: 
Щеǡʹһƭ񡱣 
caught in her own lies;
ԼĻɱΣ
enmeshed in the neighbors' dispute;
ھӼˣ
ensnaring an unsuspecting dupe with fast talk;
Ѹٵ̸һŵƭˣ
became entangled in his own contradictions;
Ը
entrapped by a skillful interviewer into making a damaging statement;
ΪƻյĲۣ
snared by false hopes;
ٵϣԻ
tangled by his own duplicity;
ΪԼƭӣ
trapped into making an incriminating admission. 
ƶ 

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category
cat.e.go.ry
AHD:[k2t1-g?r?, -g?r?] 
D.J.[6k#t!7g%8ri8, -7g*&ri8]
K.K.[6k#t!7g%ri, -7gori]
n.ʣ
 cat.e.go.ries 
A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class.
ࣺĳһϵͳرĲ֣
A general class of ideas, terms, or things that mark divisions or coordinations within a conceptual scheme, especially:
룺һϵбϵĹһָ
Aristotle's modes of objective being, such as quality, quantity, or relation, that are inherent in everything.
͹ʵʿ¹ϵĿ͹ʵڣϵΪһ
Kant's modes of subjective understanding, such as singularity, universality, or particularity, that organize perceptions into knowledge.
·ʽµķʽԡձԻԣǽо֯Ϊ֪ʶ
A basic logical type of philosophical conception in post-Kantian philosophy.
󿵵·ʽ󿵵ѧѧһֻ߼
?
French catgorie 
 catgorie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin cat?a [class of predicables] 
Դ  cat?a [Ԥ] 
from Greek kat?a [accusation, charge] 
Դ ϣ kat?a [ظ棬ָ] 
from kat?n [to accuse, predicate] 
Դ kat?n [ظ棬Ԥ] 
kata- [down, against] * see  cata- 
kata- [£෴] *μ cata-
agoreuein  ?gor- [to speak in public]  from agora [marketplace, assembly] * see  ger- 
agoreuein  ?gor- [˵]  Դ agora [г] *μ ger- 

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cater
ca.ter
AHD:[k3tr] 
D.J.[6ke!t*]
K.K.[6ket+]
v.ʣ
ca.tered,ca.ter.ing,ca.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To provide food or entertainment.
ṩʳ
To be particularly attentive or solicitous; minister:
رźرעģţ
The nurses catered to my every need. The legislation catered to various special interest groups.
ʿչ˵ҵһҪ˸Ⱥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide food service for:
ӦʳƷΪṩʳƷ
a business that caters banquets and weddings.
ΪͻṩʳƷķҵ
To attend to the wants or needs of.
ӭϣչˡҪ
?
From obsolete cater [a buyer of provisions] 
Դ  cater [ʳ] 
from Middle English catour 
Դ йӢ catour 
short for acatour 
 acatourļд 
from Norman French 
Դ ŵ 
from acater [to buy] 
Դ acater [] 
from Vulgar Latin *accapt3e 
Դ  *accapt3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺˶仯ڽӡ] 
Latin capt3e [to chase] * see  catch 
 capt3e [׷] *μ catch
?
caterer
n.ʣ

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cathedral
ca.the.dral
AHD:[k-th?drl] 
D.J.[k*6Gi8dr*l]
K.K.[k*6Gidr*l]
n.Abbr. cath.ʣд cath.
The principal church of a bishop's diocese, containing the episcopal throne.
ܽã̹ڵĴãλ
A large, important church.
ҪĴ
Something that resembles a cathedral, as in grandeur or authority.
ƴõĶڹģȨƽõĳ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or containing a bishop's throne:
λģλġλйصĻλģ
a cathedral church.
һλĽ
Relating to or issuing from a chair of office or authority; authoritative.
Ȩģ칫һȨְλйػǩģȨԵ
Of, relating to, or resembling a cathedral:
õģõġйؽõĻõģ
tall trees whose branches met to form cathedral arches over the path.
֦Ҷ֯ڵ·Ϸγƽ񷶥ĸߴľ
?
Short for cathedral church 
 cathedral churchļд 
from Middle English cathedral [of a diocese] 
Դ йӢ cathedral [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin cathedr3s [of a bishop's see] 
Դ  cathedr3s [̵λ] 
from Latin cathedra [chair] * see  cathedra 
Դ  cathedra [] *μ cathedra

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catholic
cath.o.lic
AHD:[k2th-l1k, k2thl1k] 
D.J.[6k#G*l!k, 6k#Gl!k]
K.K.[6k#G*l!k, 6k#Gl!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of broad or liberal scope; comprehensive:
㷺ģΧɵģ㷺ģ
The 100-odd pages of formulas and constants are surely the most catholic to be found(Scientific American)
һҳĹʽͳĿǰ㲩ġ(ѧ)
Including or concerning all humankind; universal:
ȫģģ漰ģģ
what was of catholic rather than national interest(J.A. Froude)
ǹĶġ(J.A.͵)
Catholic Abbr. C.
 Catholic д C.
Of or involving the Roman Catholic Church.
̽õģ̽õĻ漰̽õ
Of or relating to the universal Christian church.
ȫĻ̽õģȫĻ̽õĻйȫĻ̽õ
Of or relating to the ancient undivided Christian church.
ŴδѵĻõģŴδѵĻõĻйֽõ
Of or relating to those churches that have claimed to be representatives of the ancient undivided church.
ЩǹŴδѽõĴĽõĻйЩ
n.ʣ 
Catholic д C
A member of a Catholic church, especially a Roman Catholic.
ͽ̻ĳԱָ̻
?
Middle English catholik [universally accepted] 
йӢ catholik [ձܵ] 
from Old French catholique 
Դ ŷ catholique 
from Latin catholicus [universal] 
Դ  catholicus [ձ] 
from Greek katholikos 
Դ ϣ katholikos 
from katholou [in general] 
Դ katholou [] 
kat-, kata- [down, along, according to] * see  cata- 
kat-, kata- [£ţ] *μ cata-
holou [from neuter genitive of] holos [whole] * see  sol- 
holou  [] Դholosи [] *μ sol- 
?
catholically
AHD:[k-th?l1k-l?] ʣ

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cattle
cat.tle
AHD:[k2tl] 
D.J.[6k#tl]
K.K.[6k#t1]
pl.n.ʣ
Any of various mammals of the genusBos,  including cows, steers, bulls, and oxen, often raised for meat and dairy products. 
ţһţ 鶯ĸţʳţţΪʳƷ 
Human beings, especially when viewed contemptuously or as a mob.
ˣˣرָӻΪ񿴴ʱ
?
Middle English catel [property, livestock] 
йӢ catel [Ʋ] 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Proven?al capdal 
Դ ˹ capdal 
from Medieval Latin capit3e [holdings, funds] 
Դ  capit3e [Ĳ] 
from neuter of Latin capit3s [principal, original] 
Դ  capit3 [Ҫģԭʼ] 
from caput [head] * see  kaput- 
Դ caput [ͷ] *μ kaput- 

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cause
cause
AHD:[k?z] 
D.J.[k%8z]
K.K.[k%z]
n.ʣ
The producer of an effect, result, or consequence.
ԵʣԭһӰ졢
The one, such as a person, an event, or a condition, that is responsible for an action or a result.
򣺶ĳΪķõˡ»
A basis for an action or a response; a reason:
ɣݣΪӦĻԭ
The doctor's report gave no cause for alarm.
ҽıûиĸ
A goal or principle served with dedication and zeal:
Ŀ꣬룺׷Ŀԭ
the cause of freedom versus tyranny(Hannah Arendt)
Ա롱(ȡ)
The interests of a person or group engaged in a struggle:
棺붷˻ŵ棺
The cause of America is in great measure the cause of all mankind(Thomas Paine)
ȡϾȫȡ桱(˹)
Law 
ɡ 
A ground for legal action.
򣺷ϵĸ
A lawsuit.

A subject under debate or discussion.
ۻе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
caused,caus.ing,caus.es 
To be the cause of or reason for; result in.
Ϊԭ򣻵
To bring about or compel by authority or force:
ɡʹȨٳɻǿȣ
The moderator invoked a rule causing the debate to be ended.
ٲһʹֹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin causa [reason, purpose] 
Դ  causa [ԭĿ] 
?
causable
adj.ݴʣ
causeless
adj.ݴʣ
causer
n.ʣ
?
cause,reason,occasion,antecedent
These nouns denote what brings about or is associated with an effect or result. A
ЩָĳӰԭ
 cause   is an agent or condition that permits the occurrence of an effect or necessarily or ineluctably leads to a result: 
 Cause  һЧķȻҪ½Ķ 
He is not only dull in himself,but the cause of dullness in others  (Samuel Foote).
 Լ޴޴ԭ Ѷأ
 Reason   refers to what explains the occurrence or nature of an effect: 
 Reason  ָĳЧķʵĴǣ 
There was no obvious reason for the accident.
ⳡ¹ûԵԵɡ
Occasion   is a situation that permits or stimulates existing causes to come into play: 
Occasion  һ򼤷ȴԭõΣ 
Such were the causes; but the immediate occasion of his departure . . . was the favorable opportunity . . . of migrating in a pleasant way  (Thomas De Quincey).
 ԭ򣻵ʹ뿪ֱӶܹƾӵ˻ᡣ ˹¡
 Antecedent   refers to what has gone before and implies a relationshipbut not necessarily a causal onewith what ensues: 
 Antecedent  ָȷҰʾ֮Ĺϵ䲻Ȼϵԭ 
Some of the antecedents of World War II lie in economic conditions in Europe following World War I. 
ڶսĳЩǰڵһսľ 

= =
caution
cau.tion
AHD:[k?shn] 
D.J.[6k%8.*n]
K.K.[6k%.*n]
n.ʣ
Careful forethought to avoid danger or harm.
ϸԱΣջ˺
Close attention or vigilance to minimize risk:
СģСյע򾯾
The car proceeded over the rickety bridge with caution.
Сĵҡεǰ
Prudence or restraint in action or decision:
أжĽƣ
advised caution in choosing a school.
ѡѧУ
A warning or admonishment, especially to take heed:
Ȱ棬棺ѵ룬ָҪģ
I received a caution from the doctor about fat in my diet.
ҽȰעʳе֬
A cautious action; a precaution:
ԤֹСĽΪԤ
The climbers took the necessary cautions in preparing for the ascent.
ʵΪ׼ɽȡҪԤʩ
Informal One that is striking or alarming.
ʽ עĿˣ˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cau.tioned,cau.tion.ing,cau.tions 
To advise to take heed; warn or admonish.See Synonyms at warn 
棬Ȱ棺Сģѵμ warn
?
Middle English caucioun 
йӢ caucioun 
from Old French caution 
Դ ŷ caution 
from Latin cauti?}  cauti?n- 
Դ  cauti?}  cauti?n- 
from cautus [past participle of] cav?re [to take care] 
Դ cautus  [] cav?reĹȥִ [СĽ] 

= =
cautious
cau.tious
AHD:[k?shs] 
D.J.[6k%8.*s]
K.K.[6k%.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Showing or practicing caution; careful.
ģֻ½ģС
Tentative or restrained; guarded:
ģʵĻнƵģģ
felt a cautious optimism that the offer would be accepted.
齫ܵĽֹ
?
cautiously
adv.ʣ
cautiousness
n.ʣ

= =
cave
cave
AHD:[k3v] 
D.J.[ke!v]
K.K.[kev]
n.ʣ
A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth with an opening to the surface.
رгڵĵµĻͨڵпջȻͨ
v.ʣ
caved,cav.ing,caves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dig or hollow out.
ڶڿ
To cause to collapse or yield.
ʹʹ
To crumple or smash:
飺
The top of the car was caved in by the impact.
Ķػѹð
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall in; collapse:
£
The walls caved in during the earthquake.
ǽڵ̮
To give up all opposition; yield:
еĶԿ
The school committee finally caved in to the demands of parents and teachers.
ѧУίԱڼҳʦҪ
To explore caves.
ڶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cava [from neuter pl. of] cavus [hollow] * see  keu- 
Դ  cava  [] ԴcavusԸ [յ] *μ keu- 
?
caver
n.ʣ

= =
cavity
cav.i.ty
AHD:[k2v1-t?] 
D.J.[6k#v!ti8]
K.K.[6k#v!ti]
n.ʣ
 cav.i.ties д cav.
A hollow; a hole.
ף
A hollow area within the body:
ڵĿն
a sinus cavity.
񼶴
A pitted area in a tooth caused by caries.See Synonyms at hole 
ȣμ hole
?
French cavit 
 cavit 
from Late Latin cavit3s 
Դ  cavit3s 
from Latin cavus [hollow] * see  keu- 
Դ  cavus [յ] *μ keu- 

= =
cease
cease
AHD:[s?s] 
D.J.[si8s]
K.K.[sis]
v.ʣ
ceased,ceas.ing,ceas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put an end to; discontinue:
ʹֹֹͣ
The factory ceased production.See Synonyms at stop 
ͣμ stop
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an end; stop:
ֹֹͣ
a process that never ceases.
ֹͣĹ
To stop performing an activity or action; desist:
ֹͣжֹͣĳֻΪֹͣ
fold our wings,/And cease from wanderings(Tennyson)
ǵĳ/ֹͣˡ(̹ɭ)
n.ʣ
Cessation; pause:
ֹֹͣ
We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
ǲͣԱ㰴ʱɼƻ
?
Middle English cesen 
йӢ cesen 
from Old French cesser 
Դ ŷ cesser 
from Latin cess3e [to stop] [frequentative of] c?dere [to yield] * see  ked- 
Դ  cess3e [ֹͣ]  [] c?dereظ [] *μ ked- 

= =
ceiling
ceil.ing
AHD:[s?l1ng] 
D.J.[6si8l!0]
K.K.[6sil!0]
n.ʣ
The upper interior surface of a room.
컨壺ڲϲ
Material used to cover this surface.
컨ϣڸĲ
Something resembling a ceiling:
컨Ķ
a ceiling of leaves over the arbor.
ͤҶ
An upper limit, especially as set by regulation:
޶ȣ޶ȣָ涨޶ȣ
wage and price ceilings.
ʺͼ۸޶
The highest altitude under particular weather conditions from which the ground is still visible.
γȣڵɼߵĺθ߶
The altitude of the lowest layer of clouds.
Ļ߶ȣͲƵĺθ߶
Absolute ceiling.
Զ㣬Ժ
Nautical The planking applied to the interior framework of a ship.
 ڸ壺ڲܵľ
?
Middle English celing 
йӢ celing 
from celen [to ceil] * see  ceil 
Դ celen [װ컨] *μ ceil
?
ceilinged
adj.ݴʣ

= =
celebrate
cel.e.brate
AHD:[sl-br3t] 
D.J.[6sel*7bre!t]
K.K.[6sWl*7bret]
v.ʣ
cel.e.brat.ed,cel.e.brat.ing,cel.e.brates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To observe (a day or event) with ceremonies of respect, festivity, or rejoicing.See Synonyms at observe 
ףջֵףһһ¼μ observe
To perform (a religious ceremony):
Уڽ䣩
celebrate Mass.

To extol or praise:
̻
a sonnet that celebrates love.
̰ʮʫ
To make widely known; display:
չʾ
a determination on the author's part to celebrate . . . the offenses of another(William H. Pritchard)
ҾҪֳҵĲ֮(H.)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To observe an occasion with appropriate ceremony or festivity.
ףʵףռĳһ¼
To perform a religious ceremony.
ڽ
To engage in festivities:
ף
went out and celebrated after the victory.
߳ȥףʤ
?
Middle English celebraten 
йӢ celebraten 
from Latin celebr3e  celebr3t- [to frequent, celebrate] 
Դ  celebr3e  celebr3t- [ȥף] 
from celeber  celebr- [frequented, famous] 
Դ celeber  celebr- [ȥģ] 
?
celebration
n.ʣ
celebrator
n.ʣ
celebratory
AHD:[sl-br-t?r?, -t?r?, s-lbr-] ݴʣ

= =
cell
cell
AHD:[sl] 
D.J.[sel]
K.K.[sWl]
n.ʣ
A narrow, confining room, as in a prison or convent.
խķ䣺խյķ䣬޵Ժ
A small enclosed cavity or space, such as a compartment in a honeycomb or within a plant ovary or an area bordered by veins in an insect's wing.
С䣬Сռ䣺յССռ䣬䷿ڵĳһֲӷڵСһѪֽܷ
Biology The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a 
semipermeable cell membrane.
ѧ ϸСܹõĽṹλһϸˡϸʺ͸ϸ٣ɾ߰͸ԵϸĤ
The smallest organizational unit of a centralized group or movement, especially of a political party of Leninist structure.
С֯λ֯ƵļŻ˶С֯λرʽ
Electricity 
ѧ 
A single unit for electrolysis or conversion of chemical into electric energy, usually consisting of a container with electrodes and an electrolyte.Also called  electrochemical cell 
ԭأۣе򽫻ѧתΪܵĶλͨһװе缫͵ҺҲ  electrochemical cell
A single unit that converts radiant energy into electric energy:
أԪתΪܵĶλ
a solar cell.
̫ܵ
Computer Science A basic unit of storage in a computer memory that can hold one unit of information, such as a character or word.
ѧ 洢ԪԪڴܹһλϢһֵַĻ洢Ԫ
A geographic area or zone surrounding a transmitter in a cellular telephone system.
ΧƷʽ绰ϵͳķĵ
A small, humble abode, such as a hermit's cave or hut.
СӴСªסʿɽ
A small religious house dependent on a larger one, such as a priory within an abbey.
޵ԺһϴӵĽСڽԷӣ޵ԺڵС޵Ժ
v.ʣ
celled,cell.ing,cells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or confine in a cell.
ڻһСռ
To store in a honeycomb.
ڷ䳲д
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To live in or share a cell.
סڣסͬһСռ
?
Middle English celle 
йӢ celle 
from Old English cell 
Դ Ӣ cell 
and from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
both from Latin cella [chamber] * see  kel- 1
Դ  cella [䣬] *μ kel- 1

= =
cellar
cel.lar
AHD:[slr] 
D.J.[6sel*]
K.K.[6sWl+]
n.ʣ
A room or enclosed space used for storage, usually beneath the ground or under a building.
ؽѣͨڵ»ڴضķտռ
A basement.

An underground shelter, as from storms.
ӻ±ӻܷ籩ıӻ
A wine cellar.
Ҥ
Slang The lowest level, especially in the standing of an athletic team:
ٵ ĩλĩĩָ˶ӵ
The revitalized team came from the cellar to win the pennant.
ָԪӴĩֱӮùھ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cel.lared,cel.lar.ing,cel.lars 
To store in a cellar.
ڵؽ
?
Middle English celer 
йӢ celer 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin cell3m [pantry] 
Դ  cell3m [ʳƷأ] 
from Latin cella [storeroom] * see  kel- 1
Դ  cella [] *μ kel- 1

= =
cement
ce.ment
AHD:[s1-mnt] 
D.J.[s!6ment]
K.K.[s!6mWnt]
n.ʣ
A building material made by grinding calcined limestone and clay to a fine powder, which can be mixed with water and poured to set as a solid mass or used as an ingredient in making 
mortar or concrete.
ˮࣺͨʯҺճĥϸĩɵһֽϣˮ̳ɿƳɻҽĳɷ
Portland cement.
ˮ࣬ͨˮ
Concrete.

A substance that hardens to act as an adhesive; glue.
ӺϼӺϽһϲϽӼʣӺϽ
Something that serves to bind or unite:
𹮹̻õ
Custom was in early days the cement of society(Walter Bagehot)
ϰάϵŦ(ֶءͽ)
Geology A chemically precipitated substance that binds particles of clastic rocks.
ѧ ϳʹмҵ΢Ͻһֻѧ
Dentistry A substance used for filling cavities or anchoring crowns, inlays, or other restorations.
ѧ ̷ۣһݶ̶ݹڣǶ޲
Variant of cementum 
 cementumı
v.ʣ
ce.ment.ed,ce.ment.ing,ce.ments 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bind with or as if with cement.
ճᣬϣˮһ
To cover or coat with cement.
̻Ϳˮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become cemented.
ճΣ
?
in cement
Firmly settled or determined; unalterable:
ᶨģ¶ĵģɶҡģ
The administration's position on taxes was set in cement despite the unfavorable public response.
ܹ۷ԣ˰ϵǼʯ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French ciment 
Դ ŷ ciment 
from Latin caementum [rough-cut stone] 
Դ  caementum [еʯͷ] 
from caedere [to cut] * see  ka-id- 
Դ caedere [] *μ ka-id- 
?
cementer
n.ʣ

= =
census
cen.sus
AHD:[snss] 
D.J.[6sens*s]
K.K.[6sWns*s]
n.ʣ
An official, usually periodic enumeration of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information.
˿ղ飺һֹٷͨǽ׶Ե˿ͳͨص˿ͳϢ
In ancient Rome, a count of the citizens and an evaluation of their property for taxation purposes.
˿ڲƲ飺ĲƲͳƼԴΪ˰
?
Latin c?s [registration of citizens] 
 c?s [ͳƵǼ] 
from c??re} [to assess] * see  kens- 
Դ c??re} [] *μ kens- 

= =
cent
cent
AHD:[snt] 
D.J.[sent]
K.K.[sWnt]
n.Abbr. c.,ct.,C.ʣд c.,ct.,C.
A unit of currency in Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Kiribati, 
Liberia, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, 
Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States, and Zimbabwe.See table at currency 
֣һ¹ҵĻҵλ,Ĵǡ͹ͰͶ˹ȡô󡢿Ⱥ·˹ӡǡ쳼áɴɡӡ
ǡǡ˹ë˹ױǡ³˹Ⱥʥ¬ǡʥɭغ͸ɶ˹¼¡Ⱥ
Ϸǡ˹ϡ˹ʿ̹ɣǡͶ͸硢ͼ¬ڸɴͽͲΤμ currency
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [hundred] 
Դ ŷ [һ] 
from Latin centum * see  dek? 
Դ  centum *μ dek? 

= =
centigrade
cen.ti.grade
AHD:[snt1-gr3d] 
D.J.[6sent!7gre!d]
K.K.[6sWnt!7gred]
adj.Abbr. C,cent.ݴʣд C,cent.
Celsius.See table at measurement 
ϵĲμ measurement
?
French 
 
centi- [centi-] 
centi- [ǰ׺ٷ֮] 
grade [degree]  from Italian grado [rank, degree]  from Latin gradus [step] * see  ghredh- 
grade []  Դ  grado [У]  Դ  gradus [] *μ ghredh- 

= =
central
cen.tral
AHD:[sntrl] 
D.J.[6sentr*l]
K.K.[6sWntr*l]
adj.Abbr. cent.,cen.ݴʣд cent.,cen.
Situated at, in, or near the center:
ĵģλġ򿿽ĵģ
the central states.
в
Forming the center.
γĵ
Having dominant or controlling power or influence:
ҪģȨӰõģ
the central office of the corporation.
ŵĺİ칫
Of basic importance; essential or principal:
֧õģҪԵģĻҪģ
Performance, including technological invention and artistic creation, will become central to education at all levels(Frederick Turner)
Ƽ죬Ϊνĸ(׵ˡ)
Easily reached from various points:
Ӹ׵ģ
a central location for the new store.
µλ
Of or constituting a single source controlling all components of a system:
ϵͳģڻ򹹳ɿϵͳɲֵĵһԴģ
central air conditioning.
յ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
Of, relating to, or originating from the nervous system.
񾭵ģڡԴϵͳ
Relating to a centrum.
й
Linguistics Neither front nor back. Used of vowels, as theu  in cut.  
ѧ м·ߵģȲǰֲġԪϣu  cut  
n.ʣ
A telephone exchange.
绰
An operator at a telephone exchange.
绰ֵĽԱ
An office or agency that is at the center of a group of related activities and serves to control and coordinate them:
ܾ֣һػĵİ칫һƺЭЩ
traffic central.
ͨ
?
Latin centr3s 
 centr3s 
from centrum [center] * see  center 
Դ centrum [] *μ center
?
centrally
adv.ʣ

= =
centre
cen.tre
AHD:[sntr] 
D.J.[6sent*]
K.K.[6sWnt+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of center 
 centerı

= =
century
cen.tu.ry
AHD:[snch-r?] 
D.J.[6sent.*ri8]
K.K.[6sWnt.*ri]
n.ʣ
 cen.tu.ries 
Abbr. C.,c.,cen.,cent.
д C.,c.,cen.,cent.
A period of 100 years.
꣺һʱ
Each of the successive periods of 100 years before or since the advent of the Christian era.
̼ͣԪǰԺÿʱ
A unit of the Roman army originally consisting of 100 men.
˶ӣһӵıƵλɰ
One of the 193 electoral divisions of the Roman people.
193ѡٷ֮һ
A group of 100 things.
һٸɵһ
?
Latin centuria [a group of a hundred] 
 centuria [ٸһ] 
from centum [hundred] * see  dek? 
Դ centum [] *μ dek? 
?
centurylong
adj.ݴʣ

= =
ceramic
ce.ram.ic
AHD:[s-r2m1k] 
D.J.[s*6r#m!k]
K.K.[s*6r#m!k]
n.ʣ
Any of various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature.
մɣһּӲ顢ȡϣͺڸƵһַǽճƳ
An object, such as earthenware, porcelain, or tile, made of ceramic.
մƳɵһ壬ߵ
ceramics (used with a sing. verb)The art or technique of making objects of ceramic, especially from fired clay.
 ceramics 뵥ãմѧմƷĹջָͻճ
?
From Greek keramikos [of pottery] 
Դ ϣ keramikos [] 
from keramos [potter's clay] * see  ker- 3
Դ keramos [] *μ ker- 3
?
ceramic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cereal
ce.re.al
AHD:[s?r?-l] 
D.J.[6s!*ri8*l]
K.K.[6s!ri*l]
n.ʣ
A grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
һС׵ḻֲ́ʹΪʳ
The grain of such a grass.
ʳĹ
Any of several other plants or their edible seed or fruit, such as buckwheat or grain amaranth.
ֲʳõӻʵ
A food prepared from any of these plants, especially a breakfast food made from commercially processed grain.
ʳƷһЩɵʳƷָҵӹĹ
adj.ݴʣ
Consisting of or relating to grain or to a plant producing grain.
ģƳɵģɹֲɵĻ֮ص
?
From Latin cere3s [of grain] 
Դ  cere3s [] 
from Cer?s [Ceres] * see  ker- 2
Դ Cer?s [Ĥ] *μ ker- 2

= =
ceremony
cer.e.mo.ny
AHD:[sr-m?n?] 
D.J.[6ser*7m*&ni8]
K.K.[6sWr*7moni]
n.ʣ
 cer.e.mo.nies 
A formal act or set of acts performed as prescribed by ritual or custom:
񣺰ǻϰ׶еʽΪһϵоٶ
a wedding ceremony; the Japanese tea ceremony.
ձ
A conventional social gesture or act of courtesy:
ڣͳĽ̬òľٶ
the ceremony of shaking hands when introduced.
ʶʱ
A formal act without intrinsic purpose; an empty form:
ףûʵͼʽٶʽ
ignored the ceremony of asking for comments and suggestions from other committee members.
ίԱԱۺͽĿ׻֮
Strict observance of formalities or etiquette:
ǣϸطȽڻڣ
The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.
߹ʽӭ
?
Middle English ceremonie 
йӢ ceremonie 
from Latin caerim?a [religious rite] 
Դ  caerim?a [ڽʽ] 

= =
certain
cer.tain
AHD:[s?rtn] 
D.J.[6sT8tn]
K.K.[6sPt2]
adj.ݴʣ
Definite; fixed:
ȷģ̶ģ
set aside a certain sum each week.
ÿܴһĴ
Sure to come or happen; inevitable:
һģضģɱģ
certain success.
Ȼĳɹ
Established beyond doubt or question; indisputable:
ɵģȷݻɻʵģģ
What is certain is that every effect must have a cause.
ÿһһԭȷɵ
Capable of being relied on; dependable:
ܱģסģ
a quick and certain remedy.
ݶɿƷ
Having or showing confidence; assured.
ĵģʾĵģȷ
Not specified or identified but assumed to be known:
֪ģûȷĵٶ֪ģ
a certain popular teacher; felt that certain breeds did not make good pets.
ȷǸܻӭʦоЩķʽûĳ
Named but not known or previously mentioned:
ĳλģ֪ǰδᵽģ
a certain Ms. Johnson.
һλԼѷŮʿ
Perceptible; noticeable:
ɾģעĿģ
a certain cozy charm; kept a certain air of mystery about him.
һֿɸ֪һעĿϢ
Not great; calculable:
ģɼģ
to a certain degree; a certain delay in the schedule.
һ̶ϣϵһ
pron.ʣ
An indefinite but limited number; some:
ĳЩһЩһȷ޵ĿЩ
Certain of the products are faulty.
ЩƷǲϸ
?
for certain
Without doubt; definitely.
ʵأ϶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *cert3s 
Դ  *cert3s 
from Latin certus [past participle of] cernere [to determine] * see  krei- 
Դ  certus  [] cernereĹȥִ [] *μ krei- 
?
certain,inescapable,inevitable,sure,unavoidable
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is impossible to avoid or evade: 
Щݴʹеһ˼Ϊܱܡ 
certain death;
ض
an inescapable conclusion;
ӱܵĽ֣
an inevitable result;
ȻĽ
sudden but sure regret;
ͻȻĵ϶ĺڣ
an unavoidable accident. See also Synonyms at  sure 
ܱ¹ μͬ sure
?
Althoughcertain  appears to be an absolute term, it is frequently qualified by adverbs,as infairly certain  or quite certain.  In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the 
construction 
certain һĴʣ Ҳʵ޶൱ȷ  ǳ϶  ǰĵ飬÷רʹСԱһṹ 
Nothing could be more certain. 
ûбȷ 

= =
certainly
cer.tain.ly
AHD:[s?rtn-l?] 
D.J.[6sT8tnli8]
K.K.[6sPt2li]
adv.ʣ
Undoubtedly; definitely:
ʵأȷأ
This is certainly not my writing.
϶д
By all means; of course:
εأȻ
You may certainly join us.
㵱ȻԼ
Surely:
ȷŵأ
They certainly are hard workers.
ǿ϶ڷܹ

= =
certainty
cer.tain.ty
AHD:[s?rtn-t?] 
D.J.[6sT8tnti8]
K.K.[6sPt2ti]
n.ʣ
 cer.tain.ties 
The fact, quality, or state of being certain:
ȷԣȷʵԣΪȷʵʻ״̬
the certainty of death.
ȷ
Something that is clearly established or assured:
ȷ£Ȼ£
On the field of battle there are no certainties(Tom Clancy)
սûп϶¡(ķ)
?
certainty,certitude,assurance,conviction
These nouns mean freedom from doubt.
Щʶָûʡ
 Certainty   implies an absence of doubt that is based on a thorough consideration of evidence: 
 Certainty  оϸ¿ʵǵ˼ 
Jealousy feeds upon suspicion,and it turns into fury or it ends as soon as we pass from suspicion to certainty  (La Rochefoucauld).
 ʽɶڣתΪŭǽתΪȷʱʧ иµ£
 Certitude   is certainty that is based more on personal belief than on objective facts: 
 Certitude  Ǹػڸǿ͹ʵȷԣ 
Certitude is not the test of certainty  (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
 ȷŲȷ֤ Сµ¶ķ˹
 Assurance   is a feeling of confidence resulting from subjective experience: 
 Assurance  һ۾һĵĸо 
There is no such thing as absolute certainty, but there is assurance sufficient for the purposes of human life  (John Stuart Mill).
 ûоԵıȻĶ㹻Ŀĵġ Լ˹ͼءգ
 Conviction   is certainty arising from the vanquishment of doubt: 
 Conviction  ɿ˷Ƕţ 
The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved  (Victor Hugo).
 ϵҸȷΪ ά˶ࡤ

= =
certificate
cer.tif.i.cate
AHD:[sr-t1f1-k1t] 
D.J.[s*6t!f!k!t]
K.K.[s+6t!f!k!t]
n.Abbr. cert.,certif.,ctf.,ct.ʣд cert.,certif.,ctf.,ct.
A document testifying to the truth of something:
֤飺֤ʵԵļ
a certificate of birth.
֤
A document issued to a person completing a course of study not leading to a diploma.
ҵ֤飺ɿγѧϰñҵ֤˵һ֤
A document certifying that a person may officially practice in certain professions.
ִգ֤ĳ˿ʽĳҵļ
A document certifying ownership.
ƾ֤֤Ȩļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cer.tif.i.cat.ed,cer.tif.i.cat.ing,cer.tif.i.cates[-k3t]  
To furnish with, testify to, or authorize by a certificate.
֤֤֤ͨļ衢֤Ͽ
?
Middle English certificat 
йӢ certificat 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin certific3m [something certified] 
Դ  certific3m [֤ʵ] 
from neuter of Late Latin certific3s [past participle of] certific3re [to certify] * see  certify 
Դ  certific3  [] certific3reĹȥִ [֤ʵ] *μ certify
?
certificatory
AHD:[-k-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
certify
cer.ti.fy
AHD:[s?rt-fo] 
D.J.[6sT8t*7fa!]
K.K.[6sPt*7fa!]
v.ʣ
cer.ti.fied,cer.ti.fy.ing,cer.ti.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine.
ȷϣʽȷΪʵ׼ȷ
To guarantee as meeting a standard:
֤ϸ
butter that was certified Grade A.See Synonyms at approve 
֤ΪAĻͲμ approve
To acknowledge in writing on the face of (a check) that the signature of the maker is genuine and that there are sufficient funds on deposit for its payment.
ǩ֧Ʊ棨ǩȷǩ˱ʼΪʵ㹻Ĺ֧õĴ
To issue a license or certificate to.
䷢ִգ䷢ִջ֤
To declare legally insane.
Ϊʧ
Archaic To inform positively; assure.
 ʹȷţնظ֪ʹȷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To testify:
֤ʵ
certify to the facts.
ʵ֤
?
Middle English certifien 
йӢ certifien 
from Old French certifier 
Դ ŷ certifier 
from Late Latin certific3e 
Դ  certific3e 
Latin certus [certain] * see  certain 
 certus [϶] *μ certain
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹ] 
?
certifier
n.ʣ

= =
chain
chain
AHD:[ch3n] 
D.J.[t.e!n]
K.K.[t.en]
n.ʣ
A connected, flexible series of links, typically of metal, used especially for holding objects together or restraining or for transmitting mechanical power.
һϵģ۵ָָͨᵽһ޶ͻе
Such a set of links, often of precious metal and with pendants attached, worn as an ornament or symbol of office.
һɹؽɴдΣΪװְҵǴ
A restraining or confining agent or force.
ԼƵĻ
chains 
 chains 
Bonds, fetters, or shackles.

Captivity or oppression; bondage:
ѹȣ
threw off the chains of slavery.
ūƵ
A series of closely linked or connected things:
һϵУһ
a chain of coincidences.See Synonyms at series 
һɺϲμ series
A number of establishments, such as stores, theaters, or hotels, under common ownership or management.
ţӵйͬȨͳһһϵҵ̵ꡢԺùݵ
A range of mountains.
ɽ
Chemistry A group of atoms bonded in a spatial configuration like links in a chain.
ѧ ԭԭӹ죺޶ϵỷĿռ乹һԭ
An instrument used in surveying, consisting of 100 linked pieces of iron or steel and measuring 66 feet (20.1 meters).Also called  Gunter's chain 
õһֹߣ100ĸ66Ӣߣ20.1ףҲ  Gunter's chain
A similar instrument used in engineering, measuring 100 feet (30.5 meters).
̲õһƵĹߣ100Ӣߣ30.5ף
Abbr. chA unit of measurement equal to the length of either of these instruments.
д chλֹ߳һֵһλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chained,chain.ing,chains 
To bind or make fast with a chain or chains:
˩ס̶
chained the dog to a tree.
ѹ˩
To restrain or confine as if with chains:
Ƶ̶
workers who were chained to a life of dull routine.
ڹƽĹ
?
Middle English chaine 
йӢ chaine 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cat?a 
Դ  cat?a 
?
Chain
Chain
AHD:[ch3n] Sir Ernst Boris (1906-1979) 
D.J.[t.e!n]
K.K.[t.en]
NONE޴ԣ
German-born British biochemist. He shared a 1945 Nobel Prize for isolating and purifying penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming.
˹ء˹(1906-1979) Ӣﻯѧҡڷᴿ1928ɽ󡤸ʿֵùض1945ŵ

= =
chair
chair
AHD:[char] 
D.J.[t.e*]
K.K.[t.Wr]
n.ʣ
A piece of furniture consisting of a seat, legs, back, and often arms, designed to accommodate one person.
ӣе֧ȺͿļҾߣ֣ͨһ
A seat of office, authority, or dignity, such as that of a bishop.
ȨߵְλԱԹҪ˵ְλְλ
An office or position of authority, such as a professorship.
ҪְλȨְλְλ
A person who holds an office or a position of authority, such as one who presides over a meeting or administers a department of instruction at a college; a chairperson.
߹٣ϯռȨְλϯλˣһ˻ѧϵΣϯ
The position of a player in an orchestra.
ֶߵְλ
Slang The electric chair.
ٵ 
A seat carried about on poles; a sedan chair.
ӣ̧ϰᶯλ
Any of several devices that serve to support or secure, such as a metal block that supports and holds railroad track in position.
֧᣺һ֧ź͹̶װãֺ֧͹̶·챣ԭλĽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chaired,chair.ing,chairs 
To install in a position of authority, especially as a presiding officer.
ʹְָϯ
To preside over as chairperson:
֣ϯ
chair a meeting.
ֻ
?
Middle English chaiere 
йӢ chaiere 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cathedra * see  cathedra 
Դ  cathedra *μ cathedra

= =
chairman
chair.man
AHD:[charmn] 
D.J.[6t.e*m*n]
K.K.[6t.Wrm*n]
n.Abbr. chm.,Chmnʣд chm.,Chmn
The presiding officer of an assembly, a meeting, a committee, or a board.
ϯᡢ顢ίԱ»ϯԱ
The administrative head of a department of instruction, as at a college.See Usage Note at man 
ϵΣѧһϵͷԣμ man
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chair.manned,chair.man.ning,chair.mans 
To act as chairman of.
Ρϯ

= =
chalk
chalk
AHD:[ch?k] 
D.J.[t.%8k]
K.K.[t.%k]
n.ʣ
A soft, compact calcite, CaCO3, with varying amounts of silica, quartz, feldspar, or other mineral impurities, generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil 
seashells. 
ѣһķʯۿ飬CaCO3вĹʯʯӢʯʣͨΪҰɫưɫӱ໯ʯƵ 
A piece of chalk or chalklike substance in crayon form, used for marking on a blackboard or other surface.
۱ʣһ֧۱ʻɫķ۱״ںڰϻ
Games A small cube of chalk used in rubbing the tip of a billiard or pool cue to increase its friction with the cue ball.
Ϸ Ĩ˶˵ķۿ飺һ̨ĦһС
A mark made with chalk.
÷۱ı
Chiefly British A score or tally.
Ӣ ȷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chalked,chalk.ing,chalks 
To mark, draw, or write with chalk:
÷۱ʱǡд
chalked my name on the blackboard.
÷۱ʽҵдںڰ
To rub or cover with chalk, as the tip of a billiard cue.
Ĩۿ飺԰Ѳ򸲸ǣ絯Ӱ
To make pale; whiten.
ʹ԰ףʹ
To treat (soil, for example) with chalk.
ðѴ
?
chalk up
To earn or score:
û÷֣
chalk up points.
÷
To credit or ascribe:
ѡڻ鹦
Chalk that up to experience.
¹ھ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cealk 
Դ Ӣ cealk 
from Latin calx  calc- [lime] * see  calx 
Դ  calx  calc- [ķ] *μ calx
?
chalkiness
n.ʣ
chalky
adj.ݴʣ

= =
challenge
chal.lenge
AHD:[ch2lnj] 
D.J.[6t.#l*nd9]
K.K.[6t.#l*nd9]
n.ʣ
A call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:
սս
a challenge to a duel.
սҪ
An act or statement of defiance; a call to confrontation:
ԿԵۻٶȻԿ
a challenge to the government's authority.
ȻԿȨ
A demand for explanation or justification; a calling into question:
ɣҪͻ֤Ϊɣ
a challenge to a theory.
һ
A sentry's call to an unknown party for proper identification.
ţڱһȺʶҪ֤
A test of one's abilities or resources in a demanding but stimulating undertaking:
սҪߵĵҵж˵ǵĿ飺
a career that offers a challenge.
Ϊҵ
A claim that a vote is invalid or that a voter is unqualified.
ѡЧĳһͶƱЧĳһͶƱ˲ϸ
Law A formal objection to the inclusion of a prospective juror in a jury.
ɡ ԣʽĳλԤڵԱűʾ
Immunology The induction or evaluation of an immune response in an organism by administration of a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.
ѧ ĳлעʹлضԭյ߷Ӧ
v.ʣ
chal.lenged,chal.leng.ing,chal.leng.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:
սս
challenged me to a game of chess.
ս
To invite with defiance; dare:
ȻսȻ
challenged him to contradict her.See Synonyms at defy 
ȥμ defy
To take exception to; call into question; dispute:
ʾ飻ɣ飺
a book that challenges established beliefs.
ȷʾ鼮
To order to halt and be identified, as by a sentry.
ݣڱֹͣǰ
Law To take formal objection to (a prospective juror).
ɡ ԣԤڵԱʽʾ
To question the qualifications of (a voter) or validity of (a vote).
ԣͶƱ˵ģʸѡƱģЧ
To have due claim to; call for:
ʽҪҪ
events that challenge our attention.
ע¼
To summon to action, effort, or use; stimulate:
ãҪжŬȥ򷢻ã
a problem that challenges the imagination.

Immunology To induce or evaluate an immune response in (an organism) by administering a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.
ѧ ԣĳлעʹлضԭյ߷Ӧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or give voice to a challenge.
Ӧս
To begin barking upon picking up the scent. Used of hunting dogs.
ͽУȮᵽ޼ʱͽСԹ
?
Middle English chalenge 
йӢ chalenge 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin calumnia [trickery, false accusation] * see  calumny 
Դ  calumnia [ˣУָ] *μ calumny
V., from Middle English chalengen 
ʣԴ йӢ chalengen 
from Old French chalangier 
Դ ŷ chalangier 
from Latin calumni3o} 
Դ  calumni3o} 
from calumnia [calumny] 
Դ calumnia [̰] 
?
challengeable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
chamber
cham.ber
AHD:[ch3mbr] 
D.J.[6t.e!mb*]
K.K.[6t.emb+]
n.ʣ
A room in a house, especially a bedroom.
ңңһ䣬ָһ
A room where a person of authority, rank, or importance receives visitors.
ң߼ԱȨҪĽӼ
chambers A room in which a judge may consult privately with attorneys or hear cases not taken into court.
 chambers ͥ˽ۻȡڷͥѶİķ
chambers Chiefly British A suite of rooms, especially one used by lawyers.
 chambers Ӣ ʦİ칫ңһ׷䣬ָʦõ
A hall for the meetings of a legislative or other assembly.
ԺصĻ
A legislative or judicial body.
Ժ˾
A board or council.
»»
A place where municipal or state funds are received and held; a treasury.
⣺лݵʽȡŵĵطƿ
An enclosed space or compartment:
յĿռ䣬ܱյķָ䣺
the chamber of a pump; a compression chamber.
÷ѹ
An enclosed space in the body of an organism; a cavity:
ǻңлڷյǻң
the four chambers of the heart.
ĸ
A compartment in a firearm, as in the breech of a rifle or the cylinder of a revolver, that holds the cartridge in readiness for firing.
ǻҩңĵǻ粽ǹĵǻǹתǻװӵԱ
An enclosed space in the bore of a gun that holds the charge.
ҩңǹڵǻװҩķտռ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cham.bered,cham.ber.ing,cham.bers 
To put in or as if in a chamber; enclose or confine.
ƣĽѡڷջ
To furnish with a chamber.
ʹз
?
Middle English chaumbre 
йӢ chaumbre 
from Old French chambre 
Դ ŷ chambre 
from Late Latin camera [chamber] 
Դ  camera [] 
from Latin [vault] 
Դ  [ң] 
from Greek kamara 
Դ ϣ kamara 

= =
champion
cham.pi.on
AHD:[ch2mp?-n] 
D.J.[6t.#mpi8*n]
K.K.[6t.#mpi*n]
n.ʣ
One that wins first place or first prize in a competition.
ھھеõһһȽ
One that is clearly superior or has the attributes of a winner:
ʤߣ͵˻бʤĵˣ
a champion at teaching.
ѧ
An ardent defender or supporter of a cause or another person:
֧ߣһҵ˵麴߻֧ߣ
a champion of the homeless.
޼ҿɹߵԮ
One who fights; a warrior.
ߣսʿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cham.pi.oned,cham.pi.on.ing,cham.pi.ons 
To fight for, defend, or support as a champion:
Ϊӵ߶֧֣
championed the cause of civil rights.See Synonyms at support 
ΪȨҵμ support
Obsolete To defy or challenge.
 ֿȻ˻ս
adj.ݴʣ
Holding first place or prize:
õһģһȽģ
a champion show dog.
һȽĲչ
Superior to all others:
ʤģģ
the champion playboy of the Western World(John Millington Synge)
ѵĻӡ(Լֶ١)
?
Middle English champioun [combatant, athlete] 
йӢ champioun [ʿ˶Ա] 
from Old French champion 
Դ ŷ champion 
from Medieval Latin campi?}  campi?n- 
Դ  campi?}  campi?n- 
from Latin campus [field] 
Դ  campus [] 
?
Champion
Cham.pi.on
AHD:[ch2mpyn] Gower (1921-1980) 
D.J.[6t.#mpj*n]
K.K.[6t.#mpj*n]
NONE޴ԣ
American dancer who choreographed and directed many musicals, includingHello Dolly!  (1964). 
߶(1921-1980) 赸Աִ磬аã 1964꣩ 

= =
chance
chance
AHD:[ch2ns] 
D.J.[t.#ns]
K.K.[t.#ns]
n.ʣ
The unknown and unpredictable element in happenings that seems to have no assignable cause.
żȻԣƺɲ¼ĩ֪ͲԤĳɷ
A force assumed to cause events that cannot be foreseen or controlled; luck:
ԵңΪԤ֪Ƶ¼
Chance will determine the outcome.
Ե
Often chances The likelihood of something happening; possibility or probability:
  chances ȻʣʣпܷԻ򼫿ԣ
Chances are good that you will win. Is there any chance of rain?
пӮп?
An accidental or unpredictable event.
żȻ£벻
A favorable set of circumstances; an opportunity:
᣺״򻷾᣺
a chance to escape.
ܵĻ
A risk or hazard; a gamble:
ջΣգðգ
took a chance that the ice would hold me.
ðԳסҵΣ
Games A raffle or lottery ticket.
Ϸ ȯƱ
Baseball An opportunity to make a putout or an assist that counts as an error if unsuccessful.
 ɱ֣ɱһδɱɱĻᣬɹɱ
adj.ݴʣ
Caused by or ascribable to chance; unexpected, random, or casual:
ǡɵģżȻģɻԵĻڻԵģûԤ뵽ģģģ
a chance encounter; a chance result.
ˣĽ
v.ʣ
chanced,chanc.ing,chanc.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come about by chance; occur:
żȻ֣
It chanced that the train was late that day.
żȻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take the risk or hazard of:
ðգ
not willing to chance it.
Ըȥð
?
chance on  
chance upon
To find or meet accidentally; happen upon:
żȻҵżȻżȻ
While in Paris we chanced on two old friends.
ڰżȻλ
?
by chance
Without plan; accidentally:
أżȻأ
They met by chance on a plane.
ڷɻϲڶ
Possibly; perchance:
ܣ
Is he, by chance, her brother?
?
on the off chance
In the slight hope or possibility.
һ΢Сϣ
?
Middle English [unexpected event] 
йӢ [Ԥϵ¼] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *cadentia 
Դ  *cadentia 
from Latin cad?s  cadent- [present participle of] cadere [to fall, befall] * see  kad- 
Դ  cad?s  cadent-  [] cadereڷִ [䣬] *μ kad- 
?
chance,random,casual,haphazard,desultory
These adjectives apply to what is determined not by deliberation or method but by accident.
Щݴڲ򷽷żȻԾ
 Chance   stresses lack of premeditation: 
 Chance  ǿȱȿǣ 
a chance meeting with a friend.
һλˡ
Random   implies the absence of a specific pattern or objective and suggests a lack of direction that might or could profitably be imposed: 
Random  ָûضģʽĿģȱԭ涨˼ 
struck by a random shot;
У
took a random guess.
롣
Casual   stresses lack of deliberation and often suggests an absence of due concern: 
Casual  ǿȱٿԼӦеĹע 
made a casual observation.
Ĺ۲졣
Haphazard   implies a carelessness or a willful leaving to chance: 
Haphazard  ָĴ⣬λԵ 
offered a haphazard plan of action.
ṩһжƻ
Desultory   suggests a shifting about from one thing to another that reflects a lack of method: 
Desultory  ָһƵһӳȱٷ 
engaged in a desultory conversation. See also Synonyms at  happen ,opportunity 
һβ̸ μͬ happen,opportunity

= =
change
change
AHD:[ch3nj] 
D.J.[t.e!nd9]
K.K.[t.end9]
v.ʣ
changed,chang.ing,chang.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be different:
ʹͬı䣺
change the spelling of a word.
ıһʵƴд
To give a completely different form or appearance to; transform:
ʹʽȫͬ
changed the yard into a garden.
ͥԺĳɻ԰
To give and receive reciprocally; interchange:

change places.
λ
To exchange for or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category:
ͬ˽滻ָͨͬһࣺ
change one's name; a light that changes colors.
Ļ֣Ļɫĵ
To lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; switch:
ı䣬תһߣһת
change methods; change sides.
ת䷽ת
To transfer from (one conveyance) to another:
ɻһͨߣתƵһ
change planes.
תɻ
To give or receive the equivalent of (money) in lower denominations or in foreign currency.
һԵҶһģǮ
To put a fresh covering on:
µĸ
change a bed; change the baby.
Ӥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become different or undergo alteration:
ı䣺òͬת䣺
He changed as he matured.
ı
To undergo transformation or transition:
仯ת䣺
The music changed to a slow waltz.
ת廪
To go from one phase to another, as the moon or the seasons.
תࣺһ׶α䵽һ׶Σ仯򼾽ڱ仯
To make an exchange:

If you prefer this seat, I'll change with you.
ϲλҿԸ㽻
To transfer from one conveyance to another:
תתһ߹߻һ
She changed in Chicago on her way to the coast.
ȥ;֥Ӹ绻
To put on other clothing:
·
We changed for dinner.
ǻ·ȥԷ
To become deeper in tone:
ɤͳ
His voice began to change at age 13.
13ʱɤʼ
n.ʣ
The act, process, or result of altering or modifying:
ı䣺ı޸ĵĶ̻
a change in facial expression.
沿ı仯
The replacing of one thing for another; substitution:
ȡ滻һȡһ滻
a change of atmosphere; a change of ownership.
յת䣻Ȩĸ
A transformation or transition from one state, condition, or phase to another:
ת䣺һһ״̬׶εıλת䣺
the change of seasons.

Something different; variety:
ͬ仯
ate early for a change.
仯һԷ
A different or fresh set of clothing.
ͬķװװ
Abbr. chg.
д chg.
Money of smaller denomination given or received in exchange for money of higher denomination.
ǮһǮʱСǮ
The balance of money returned when an amount given is more than what is due.
ͷӦֵʱ˻صǮ
Coins:
Ӳң
had change jingling in his pocket.
ڴӲҵض
Music A pattern or order in which bells are rung.
֡ ֣ķʽ˳
A market or exchange where business is transacted.
г
?
change off
To alternate with another person in performing a task.
棺˽ͬһݹ
To perform two tasks at once by alternating or a single task by alternate means.
ͬʱʱԽķʽһ
?
change hands
To pass from one owner to another.
תһλתһλ
change (one's) mind
To reverse a previously held opinion or an earlier decision.
ı䣺ƷǰĹ۵ǰľ
change (one's) tune
To alter one's approach or attitude.
ı䷽̬
?
Middle English changen 
йӢ changen 
from Norman French chaunger 
Դ ŵ chaunger 
from Latin cambi3ore} [to exchange] 
Դ  cambi3ore} [] 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[ԴڸǶ] 

= =
channel
channel 1
AHD:[ch2nl] 
D.J.[6t.#n*l]
K.K.[6t.#n*l]
n.Abbr. chan.ʣд chan.
The bed of a stream or river.
ӴӲ
The deeper part of a river or harbor, especially a deep navigable passage.
ˮָ֣ˮ
A broad strait, especially one that connects two seas.
ϿĺϿָͨ
A trench, furrow, or groove.

A tubular passage for liquids; a conduit.
ˮܣҺĹܵˮ
A course or passage through which something may move or be directed:
;·;ͨƶĳ
new channels of thought; a reliable channel of information.
µ˼ά;ɿϢ
Often channels A route of communication or access:
  channels ͨӽ
took her request through official channels.
ͨٷҪ
Electronics A specified frequency band for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals, as for television signals.
ѧ ƵͺͽյźŵһضƵʲΣź
The medium through which a spirit guide purportedly communicates with the physical world.
ýʦоݳĽƾý
A rolled metal bar with a bracket-shaped section.
л״ֵĽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chan.neled Ҳ chan.nelled chan.nel.ing chan.nel.ling chan.nels chan.nels  
To make or cut channels in.
ڡڹڡϿˮ
To form a groove or flute in.
ڡϿ
To direct or guide along some desired course:
ָʹĳ·ж
channels her curiosity into research.
ĺоȥ
To serve as a medium for (a spirit guide).
Ϊýʦģý
?
Middle English chanel 
йӢ chanel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin can3s * see  canal 
Դ  can3s *μ canal
?
channeler
n.ʣ
?
channel
channel 2
AHD:[ch2nl] 
D.J.[6t.#n*l]
K.K.[6t.#n*l]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A wood or steel ledge projecting from a sailing ship's sides to spread the shrouds and keep them clear of the gunwales.
Φ֧ǣͷ֧֧ʹ뿪װԵһͻľּܻ
?
Alteration of obsolete chainwale 
  chainwaleı仯 
chain 
chain
wale 
wale

= =
chaos
cha.os
AHD:[k3?s] 
D.J.[6ke!7Ks]
K.K.[6ke7$s]
n.ʣ
A condition or place of great disorder or confusion.
򣺼Ȼһҵ״̬ط
A disorderly mass; a jumble:
ңҵһѣҳһţ
The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters.
ҵضѷһЩֽźδ
Often Chaos The disordered state of unformed matter and infinite space supposed in some cosmogonic views to have existed before the ordered universe.
  Chaos 磺һЩԴΪγǰδʺ޾ռĻ״̬
Obsolete An abyss; a chasm.
 Ԩѷ
?
Middle English [formless primordial space] 
йӢ [δεԭʼռ] 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek khaos 
Դ ϣ khaos 
?
chaotic
AHD:[-?t1k] ݴʣ
chaotically
adv.ʣ

= =
chapter
chap.ter
AHD:[ch2ptr] 
D.J.[6t.#pt*]
K.K.[6t.#pt+]
n.Abbr. chap.,ch.,c.,C.ʣд chap.,ch.,c.,C.
One of the main divisions of a relatively lengthy piece of writing, such as a book, that is usually numbered or titled.
£أƪһԽϳƷһҪ֣ͨҳͱ
A distinct period or sequence of events, as in history or a person's life:
ʱڣʷϻϵһҪʱڻϵ¼
Steamboat travel opened a new chapter in America's exploration of the West.
Ϊƪ
A local branch of an organization, such as a club or fraternity:
طֻ᣺ط֯һֲ֧᣺
The Chicago chapter is admitting new members this year.
֥Ӹ֧»Ա
Ecclesiastical 
̻᡿ 
An assembly of the canons of a church or of the members of a religious residence.
̻ȫʿ᣺õȫʿһڽĳԱ
The canons of a church or the members of a religious residence considered as a group.
̻ȫԱõȫʿڽȫԱ
A short Scriptural passage read after the psalms in certain church services.
ʥ½ڣһЩʽгʫġʥƬ
?
Middle English chaptre 
йӢ chaptre 
variant of chapitre [chapter, chapiter] 
 chapitreı [ƪͷ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
alteration of chapitle 
 chapitleı仯 
from Latin capitulum [diminutive of] caput [head] * see  kaput- 
Դ  capitulum  [] caputС׺ [ͷ] *μ kaput- 

= =
character
char.ac.ter
AHD:[k2rk-tr] 
D.J.[6k#r*kt*]
K.K.[6k#r*kt+]
n.ʣ
The combination of qualities or features that distinguishes one person, group, or thing from another.See Synonyms at disposition 
ʣԣʹˡȺʻļϲμ disposition
A distinguishing feature or attribute, as of an individual, a group, or a category.See Synonyms at quality See Synonyms at type 
ɫˡ򷶳Բμ qualityμ type
Genetics A structure, function, or attribute determined by a gene or group of genes.
Ŵѧ ͣһһһܻ֯
Moral or ethical strength.

A description of a person's attributes, traits, or abilities.
˸ĳƷʡԸ
A formal written statement as to competency and dependability, given by an employer to a former employee; a recommendation.
ƼţɹǰĹԱйԵʽƼ
Public estimation of someone; reputation:

personal attacks that damaged her character.

Status or role; capacity:
ݣɫ
in his character as the father.
Ը׵
A notable or well-known person; a personage.
ܳ֪Ҫ
A person, especially one who is peculiar or eccentric:
ˣˣָڲͬ˻Źֵˣ
a shady character; catcalls from some character in the back row.
ɵĹˣһЩ˺ȵ
A person portrayed in an artistic piece, such as a drama or novel.
ɫƷϷС˵
Characterization in fiction or drama:
̻ݣС˵Ϸед
a script that is weak in plot but strong in character.
һڼȴ̻ľ籾
A mark or symbol used in a writing system.
ţ壺ϵͳķŻ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
One of a set of symbols, such as letters or numbers, that are arranged to express information.
ַʾϢһŵһĸ
The multibit code representing such a character.
ţַĶضƴ
A style of printing or writing.
ӡˢд
A symbol used in secret writing; a cipher or code.
룬룬룺дķţ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to one's character.
ʵģĳʵĻйص
Specializing in the interpretation of often minor roles that emphasize fixed personality traits or specific physical characteristics:
ԸģרΪҪɫıݵģھй̶Ըضģ
a character actor.
ԸԱ
Of or relating to the interpretation of such roles by an actor:
ԸдģԱֽɫıݵģصģ
the character part of the hero's devoted mother.
ǵĴĸĽɫ
Dedicated to the portrayal of a person with regard to distinguishing psychological or physical features:
иɫģͻ̻ģ
a character sketch.
Ըд
Law Of or relating to a person who gives testimony as to the moral and ethical reputation or behavior of one engaged in a lawsuit:
ɡ Ϊ˸֤ģڷɰΪ˵ĵƷʵΪ֤˵ģصģ
a character witness.
֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
charac.tered,charac.ter.ing,charac.ters  
To write, print, engrave, or inscribe.
дӡˢд
To portray or describe.
죬д
?
in character
Consistent with someone's general character or behavior:
ģĳԻΪģ
behavior that was totally in character.
ȫΪ
out of character
Inconsistent with someone's general character or behavior:
ģĳԻΪģ
a response so much out of character that it amazed me.
شԸ˲ʹҸеԾ
?
Middle English carecter [distinctive mark, imprint on the soul] 
йӢ carecter [Եķţϵӡ] 
from Old French caractere 
Դ ŷ caractere 
from Latin charact?r 
Դ  charact?r 
from Greek kharakt?r 
Դ ϣ kharakt?r 
from kharassein [to inscribe] 
Դ kharassein [] 
from kharax [pointed stick] 
Դ kharax [Ĺ] 
?
characterless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
characteristic
char.ac.ter.is.tic
AHD:[k2rk-t-r1st1k] 
D.J.[7k#r*kt*6r!st!k]
K.K.[7k#r*kt*6r!st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Being a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing; distinctive:
ģΪܰͻ˻ģصģ
heard my friend's characteristic laugh; the stripes that are characteristic of the zebra.
ɫЦԵĻ
n.ʣ
A feature that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe recognizably; a distinguishing mark or trait.
ԣܰԵرϡֻͻıǻ
Mathematics The integral part of a logarithm as distinguished from the mantissa:
ѧ ֣Ĳͬβ
The characteristic of the logarithm 6.3214 is 6.
6.3214Ϊ6
?
characteristically
adv.ʣ

= =
characterize
char.ac.ter.ize
AHD:[k2rk-t-roz] 
D.J.[6k#r*kt*7ra!z]
K.K.[6k#r*kt*7ra!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
character.ized,character.iz.ing,character.iz.es 
To describe the qualities or peculiarities of:
ʻԣ
characterized the warden as ruthless.
Աһ
To be a distinctive trait or mark of; distinguish:
𣺳Ϊǣͻ
the rash and high fever that characterize this disease; a region that is characterized by its dikes and canals.
ּǳӺͷգԵ̰Ӻ˺Ϊɫһ
?
characterizer
n.ʣ

= =
charge
charge
AHD:[ch?rj] 
D.J.[t.$8d9]
K.K.[t.$rd9]
v.ʣ
charged,charg.ing,charg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To impose a duty, responsibility, or obligation on:
ʹеʹеλ
charged him with the task of watching the young swimmers.
ʹе𿴻Ӿߵ
To set or ask (a given amount) as a price:
ۣҪۣҪǮΪշѣ
charges ten dollars for a haircut.
һηҪʮԪ
To hold financially liable; demand payment from:
ʹλǮҪ֧
charged her for the balance due.
֧Ƿ
To postpone payment on (a purchase) by recording as a debt:
޹Ƴٶԣ򣩵ĸ
paid cash for the stockings but charged the new coat.
Ӹֽ޹һ
To load to capacity; fill:
װ
charge a furnace with coal.
¯װ̿
To saturate; impregnate:
ʹϣʹ
The atmosphere was charged with tension.
˽ŵ
To load (a gun or other firearm) with a quantity of explosive:
װҩΪǹڻװһĵҩ
charged the musket with powder.
ǹװҩ
To instruct or urge authoritatively; command:
ָʾҪ
charged her not to reveal the source of information.
ָʾй¶ϢԴ
Law To instruct (a jury) about the law, its application, and the weighing of evidence.
ɡ ָţͷɼ÷Χ֤ݵȨţ˵
To make a claim of wrongdoing against; accuse or blame:
ָ𣬿ظ棺ԲΪָأظѣ
The police charged him with car theft. Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality.
͵ָۼָλȱٶ
To put the blame for; attribute or impute:
ڣڣڣ
charged the accident to the driver's inexperience.
¹ԭڼʻԱȱپ
To attack violently:
͹
The troops charged the enemy line.
͹
Electricity 
ѧ 
To cause formation of a net electric charge on or in (a conductor, for example).
ʹɣʹ絼ڣγ
To energize (a storage battery) by passing current through it in the direction opposite to discharge.
磺ŵ෴ķΪһأ
To excite; rouse:
Ķɿ
a speaker who knows how to charge up a crowd.
֪ιĶȺڵ˵
To direct or put (a weapon) into position for use; level.
׼׼׼
Heraldry To place a bearing on.
ѧ ¹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rush forward in or as if in a violent attack:
棺͹ǰ壺
dogs trained to charge at intruders; children charging through the house.
ѵߣǳ
To demand or ask payment:
Ҫ֧
did not charge for the second cup of coffee.
ڶȲ踶Ǯ
To postpone payment for a purchase.
޹
Accounting To consider or record as a loss. Often used withoff.  
ѧ ڽ跽¡off  
n.ʣ
Abbr. chg.
д chg.
Expense; cost.
ã
The price asked for something:
۸շѣ
no charge for window-shopping.
̵
A weight or burden; a load:
أ
a freighter relieved of its charge of cargo.
жװĻ
The quantity that a container or apparatus can hold.
װװ
A quantity of explosive to be set off at one time.
ҩһηõըҩ
An assigned duty or task; a responsibility:
ΣΣ
The commission's charge was to determine the facts.
ίԱжʵ
One that is entrusted to another's care or management:
չܵˣչ˻ˣ
the baby sitter's three young charges.
ķչܵ
Supervision; management:
ල
the scientist who had overall charge of the research project.
λѧȫ渺оĿ
Care; custody:
չܣ໤
a child put in my charge.
չܵĺ
An order, a command, or an injunction.
ָʾѵ
Law Instruction given by a judge to a jury about the law, its application, and the weighing of evidence.
ɡ ٶµָɷپͷɼ÷Χ֤ݵȨ˵
A claim of wrongdoing; an accusation:
ָأظ棺
a charge of murder; pleaded not guilty to the charges.
ָطıɱԿ߱
A rushing, forceful attack:
ٶǿĹ
repelled the charge of enemy troops; the charge of a herd of elephants.
˵оĳ棻һȺĳ
The command to attack:
ţ
The bugler sounded the charge.
ִ˳
Abbr. chg.A debt or an entry in an account recording a debt:
д chg.ʣĿϼ¼ծĽĿ
Are you paying cash or is this a charge?
㸶ֽػǼ?
Abbr. chg.A financial burden, such as a tax or lien.
д chg.˰Ѻ
Symbol q Physics 
 q ѧ 
The intrinsic property of matter responsible for all electric phenomena, in particular for the force of the electromagnetic interaction, occurring in two forms arbitrarily designatednegative  
and positive.  
ɣеָŸӦʵĹԣʽ    
A measure of this property.
Եļλ
The net measure of this property possessed by a body or contained in a bounded region of space.
ɣеĻһ̶ռںеľ
Informal A feeling of pleasant excitement; a thrill:
ʽ У̼õļĸо̼
got a real charge out of the movie.
ӿӰеõ̼
Heraldry A bearing or figure.
ѧ £ͼ
?
in charge
In a position of leadership or supervision:
ܣ쵼𣺴쵼ְλ
the security agent in charge at the airport.
ĸ
Chiefly British Under arrest.
Ӣ ģѺ
in charge of
Having control over or responsibility for:
𣺾жԡĿƻεģ
You're in charge of making the salad.
㸺ɳ
?
Middle English chargen [to load] 
йӢ chargen [װ] 
from Old French chargier 
Դ ŷ chargier 
from Late Latin carric3e 
Դ  carric3e 
from Latin carrus [cart] 
Դ  carrus [] 
[of Celtic origin] * see  kers- 
[Դڿ] *μ kers- 
?
charge,freight,imbue,impregnate,permeate,pervade,saturate,suffuse
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to be filled with a particular mood or tone: 
Щʹеһ˼ǡʹһա 
an atmosphere charged with excitement;
ҵգ
a pause freighted with meaning;
ͣ٣
poetry imbued with grace;
͸ŵʫƪ
a spirit impregnated with lofty ideals;
ľ
optimism that permeates a group;
ӯԱеֹ壻
letters pervaded with gloom;
Ϣż
a novel saturated with imagination;
һС˵
a heart suffused with love. See also Synonyms at  care ,price 
 μͬ care,price

= =
charity
char.i.ty
AHD:[ch2r1-t?] 
D.J.[6t.#r!ti8]
K.K.[6t.#r!ti]
n.ʣ
 chari.ties 
Provision of help or relief to the poor; almsgiving.
ȼãʩ᣺ṩȼãʩ
Something given to help the needy; alms.
ʩȼý𣺰˸Ʒʩ
An institution, an organization, or a fund established to help the needy.
ƻȼûΪ˶Ļ֯
Benevolence or generosity toward others or toward humanity.
ơ˻ʴȻ򿶿
Indulgence or forbearance in judging others.See Synonyms at mercy 
ʴȣԱ˵ĿݻĲμ mercy
Often Charity Theology The virtue defined as love directed first toward God but also toward oneself and one's neighbors as objects of God's love.
  Charity ѧ Ϊһ£Ƕϵ𰮶ҪΪϵʩĳԼĳ˵ʰ
?
Middle English charite 
йӢ charite 
from Old French [Christian love] 
Դ ŷ [֮] 
from Latin c33s} [affection] 
Դ  c33s} [飬鰮] 
from c3s [dear] * see  k3- 
Դ c3s [װ] *μ k3- 

= =
charm
charm
AHD:[ch?rm] 
D.J.[t.$8m]
K.K.[t.$rm]
n.ʣ
The power or quality of pleasing or delighting; attractiveness:
ħϲƷʣ
a breezy tropical setting of great charm.
΢ȴ
A particular quality that attracts; a delightful characteristic:
˵Ʒʣԣ
A mischievous grin was among the child's many charms.
Ƥ¶ݶЦӿɰ֮һ
A small ornament, such as one worn on a bracelet.
СƷСǴϵ
An item worn for its supposed magical benefit, as in warding off evil; an amulet.
аıΪħڱܿħУ
An action or formula thought to have magical power.
Ϊħľٶ
The chanting of a magic word or verse; incantation.
ģ䣺ħĻµ
Abbr. CPhysics A quantum property of the charm quark whose conservation explains the absence of certain strange-particle decay modes and that accounts for the longevity of the J 
particle.
д Cѧ ӵһԣӵĴ˵ĳЩرӸʴģʽȱҲJӴʱ䳤ԭ
v.ʣ
charmed,charm.ing,charms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attract or delight greatly:
ʹ
the simple elegance of the meal charmed the guests.
򵥾µĲܿϲ
To induce by using strong personal attractiveness:
գøǿҵգȰգ
charmed the guard into admitting them without invitations.
ȰǿԲ
To cast or seem to cast a spell on; bewitch.
ʩħʹûʹ÷䣻ʩħ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be alluring or pleasing.
ʹԻϲ
To function as an amulet or charm.

To use magic spells.
ʹħ
?
Middle English charme [magic spell] 
йӢ charme [ħ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin carmen [incantation] * see  kan- 
Դ  carmen [] *μ kan- 
?
charmingly
adv.ʣ
charmless
adj.ݴʣ
?
charm,beguile,bewitch,captivate,enchant,entrance,fascinate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to attract strongly or irresistibly: 
Щʹеǡǿҵػ򲻿ɿܵ 
grace and manners that charmed the old curmudgeon;
źòزū
delicacies that beguile even the most discerning gourmet;
ʹʶʳҲԵζȣ
a performance that bewitched the audience;
ʹħݳ
a novel that captivates its readers;
ץסߵС˵
an evening that enchanted all the guests;
ʹпҹ
music that entrances its listeners;
ʹ֣
a celebrity who fascinated his fellow guests. repel 
ͬ˵һλ repel

= =
chart
chart
AHD:[ch?rt] 
D.J.[t.$8t]
K.K.[t.$rt]
n.ʣ
A map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators.
ͼߡˮ򹩺ʹõϢĵͼ
An outline map on which specific information, such as scientific data, can be plotted.
ͼϢѧݣͼ
A sheet presenting information in the form of graphs or tables.
¼ַֽʽ¼Ϣֽ
See  graph 1
μ  graph1 
Often charts A listing of best-selling recorded music or other items. Often used withthe.  
  charts ƷĿ¼ĳƬƷĿ¼the  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chart.ed,chart.ing,charts 
To make a chart of.
ơͼ
To plan (something) in detail:
ϸƻĳ£
is charting a course to destruction.
ϸƶƻ·
?
Obsolete French charte 
ѷϷ charte 
from Latin charta [sheet of paper made from papyrus] * see  card 1
Դ  charta [ֽɯɵֽ] *μ card1

= =
charter
char.ter
AHD:[ch?rtr] 
D.J.[6t.$8t*]
K.K.[6t.$rt+]
n.Abbr. char.ʣд char.
A document issued by a sovereign, legislature, or other authority, creating a public or private corporation, such as a city, college, or bank, and defining its privileges and purposes.
ӪҵִգɾػȨ䷢ļΪ˽˹˾СѧУ涨Ȩּ
A written grant from the sovereign power of a country conferring certain rights and privileges on a person, a corporation, or the people:
״һҵľͳˡĳЩȨȨļ
A royal charter exempted the Massachusetts colony from direct interference by the Crown.
һŻʼҵ״ʹֳӢֱӸ
A document outlining the principles, functions, and organization of a corporate body; a constitution:
££һԭְܺ֯ļܷ
the city charter.

An authorization from a central organization to establish a local branch or chapter.
ȨԳطֻ֧Ȩ
Special privilege or immunity.
ȨȨ
A contract for the commercial leasing of a vessel or space on a vessel.
ҵ⴬ԼôŴĿռҵԼ
The hiring or leasing of an aircraft, a vessel, or other vehicle, especially for the exclusive, temporary use of a group of travelers.
⣬ӶɻִͨߣָһȺʹõȨʱס
A written instrument given as evidence of agreement, transfer, or contract; a deed.
ݣ֤飺ΪԼתû֤ͬ飻Լ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
char.tered,char.ter.ing,char.ters 
To grant a charter to; establish by charter.
衭Ȩ
To hire or lease by charter:
ͨԼӶԼ
charter an oil tanker.

To hire (a bus or an airplane, for example) for the exclusive, temporary use of a group of travelers.
⣺⣨繫ɻԹһȺ߶ʱڶר
?
Middle English chartre 
йӢ chartre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin chartula [diminutive of] charta [paper made from papyrus] * see  card 1
Դ  chartula  [] chartaС׺ [ֽɯƳɵֽ] *μ card1
?
charterer
n.ʣ

= =
chase
chase 1
AHD:[ch3s] 
D.J.[t.e!s]
K.K.[t.es]
v.ʣ
chased,chas.ing,chas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To follow rapidly in order to catch or overtake; pursue:
׷Ϊ˸ϻ򳬹ٵظ棻׷ϣ
chased the thief.
׷
To follow (game) in order to capture or kill; hunt:
׽Ϊ׽ɱĿ꣩棻ԣ
chase foxes.
Ժ
Informal To seek the favor or company of persistently:
ʽ ׷ʼһֺĳ˻Ѱ飺
still chasing members of the opposite sex.
һ׷
To put to flight; drive:
ʹ룻
chased the dog away.
ѹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or follow in pursuit.
׷ϣ
Informal To go hurriedly; rush:
ʽ Ͽߣ壺
chased all over looking for us.
Ѱ
n.ʣ
The act of chasing; pursuit.
׷ϣ׷׷ϵΪ׷
The hunting of game:

the thrill of the chase.
Ե˷
Something that is hunted or pursued; quarry.
Ի׷ϵĶ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A privately owned, unenclosed game preserve.
˽˽ӵеġδΧԳ
The right to hunt or keep game on the land of others.
Ȩڱ˵ϴԻȨ
?
give chase
To engage in pursuit of quarry:
׷ϣ¶׷
Police gave chase to the speeding car.
׷ʻĽγ
?
Middle English chasen [to hunt] 
йӢ chasen [] 
from Old French chacier 
Դ ŷ chacier 
from Vulgar Latin *capti3e 
Դ  *capti3e 
from Latin capt3e [to catch] * see  catch 
Դ  capt3e [ץס] *μ catch
?
chase
chase 2
AHD:[ch3s] 
D.J.[t.e!s]
K.K.[t.es]
n.Printing ʣӡˢ 
A rectangular steel or iron frame into which pages or columns of type are locked for printing or plate making.
ӡˢưԹ̶ҳĳθֿ
?
Perhaps from French chasse [case, reliquary] 
Դ  chasse [ӣʥ] 
from Old French chasse 
Դ ŷ chasse 
from Latin capsa 
Դ  capsa 
?
chase
chase 3
AHD:[ch3s] 
D.J.[t.e!s]
K.K.[t.es]
n.ʣ
A groove cut in an object; a slot:
ۣϿеĹۣ죺
the chase for the quarrel on a crossbow.
幭ļ
A trench or channel for drainpipes or wiring.
ˮܻߵĹ򰼲
The part of a gun in front of the trunnions.
ţϵڶ֮ǰĲ
The cavity of a mold.
ģ㣺ģӵĿǻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
chased,chas.ing,chas.es 
To groove; indent.
ڡϿ̲ۣ̾
To cut (the thread of a screw).
̣ƣ
To decorate (metal) by engraving or embossing.
ԿװΣװΣͨԿ̻򸡵װΣ
?
Possibly from obsolete French chas [groove, enclosure] 
Դ ѷϷ chas [ۣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin capsa [box] 
Դ  capsa [] 
V., variant of enchase 
ʣ enchaseı
?
Chase
Chase
AHD:[ch3s] Mary Ellen (1887-1973) 
D.J.[t.e!s]
K.K.[t.es]
NONE޴ԣ
American writer and educator known for her novels about the seacoast of Maine, includingSilas Crockett  (1935). 
˹ף(1887-1973) Һͽң򺣰С˵Ʒ˹޿ء 1935꣩ 
?
Chase
ChaseSalmon Portland (1808-1873)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1864-1873). He presided over the trial of President Andrew Johnson (1868).
˹ɡ(1808-1873) ٣18641873߷ͥ󷨹٣1868ֶ԰³Լѷͳ
?
Chase
ChaseSamuel (1741-1811)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist and Revolutionary War leader who was a delegate to the Continental Congresses, signed the Declaration of Independence, and served as an associate justice of the 
U.S. Supreme Court (1796-1811).
˹Ѷ(1741-1811) ٣ս쵼ˣδ½ǩԡ17961811߷ͥ󷨹
?
Chase
ChaseStuart (1888-1985)
NONE޴ԣ
American economist whose work concerns the problems of a wealthy, technologically oriented society.
˹˹ͼأ(1888-1985) ѧңҪоڸԣġ

= =
chat
chat
AHD:[ch2t] 
D.J.[t.#t]
K.K.[t.#t]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
chat.ted,chat.ting,chats 
To converse in an easy, familiar manner; talk lightly and casually.
̸ؽн̸̸
n.ʣ
An informal, light conversation.
̸ʽġɵ̸
Any of several birds known for their chattering call, as of the generaSaxicola  or Icteria.  
ݣ࣬ʯ  ު  
?
chat up
To engage (someone) in light, casual talk:
롭̸ڨ
He would be . . . chatting up folks from Kansas(Vanity Fair)
ں˹˴ڨ()
?
Middle English chatten [to jabber] 
йӢ chatten [ٶ첻˵] 
alteration of chateren * see  chatter 
 chaterenı仯 *μ chatter

= =
cheap
cheap
AHD:[ch?p] 
D.J.[t.i8p]
K.K.[t.ip]
adj.ݴʣ
cheap.er,cheap.est 
Relatively low in cost; inexpensive or comparatively inexpensive.
ģ۸Խϵ͵ģԲ
Charging low prices:
շѵģ
a cheap restaurant.
շѵķ
Obtainable at a low rate of interest. Used especially of money.
ɵϢõġָ
Devalued, as in buying power:
ֵģֵģڹϣ
cheap dollars.
ֵ˵Ԫ
Achieved with little effort:
͵õģ
a cheap victory; cheap laughs.
ֶõʤ׾Ͷ˷Ц
Of or considered of small value:
ûмֵģûмֵΪûмֵģ
in wartime, when life was cheap.
սʱһʱ
Of poor quality; inferior:
ʵģӵģ
a cheap toy.
ӵ
Worthy of no respect; vulgar or contemptible:
ֵ𾴵ģֱɵĻɱɵģ
a cheap gangster.
ɱɵǿ
Stingy; miserly.
ĵģС
adv.ʣ
cheaper,cheapest 
Inexpensively:
˵أ
got the new car cheap.
ܱ˵һ³
?
cheap at twice the price
Extremely inexpensive.
۵
on the cheap
By inexpensive means; cheaply:
ͨķʽ˵أ
traveled to Europe on the cheap.
õصŷ
?
From Middle English (god) chep [(good) price, purchase, bargain] 
Դ йӢ (god) chep [õģ۸] 
from Old English c?p [trade] 
Դ Ӣ c?p [ó] 
from Latin caup?} [shopkeeper] 
Դ  caup?} [] 
?
cheaply
adv.ʣ
cheapness
n.ʣ

= =
cheat
cheat
AHD:[ch?t] 
D.J.[t.i8t]
K.K.[t.it]
v.ʣ
cheat.ed,cheat.ing,cheats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deceive by trickery; swindle:
ùƭթƭ
cheated customers by overcharging them for purchases.
ͨշѹƭ˿
To deprive by trickery; defraud:
ùƭȡթȡ
cheated them of their land.
ƭȡǵ
To mislead; fool:
󵼣Ū
illusions that cheat the eye.
ƭ۾Ļ
To elude; escape:
ܣѣ
cheat death.
һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act dishonestly; practice fraud.
ףƭ
To violate rules deliberately, as in a game:
ף棺Υ涨ϷУ
accused of cheating at cards.
ָз
Informal To be sexually unfaithful:
ʽ Թϵϲң
young marrieds who cheat on their spouses.
żʵѻ
n.ʣ
An act of cheating; a fraud or swindle.
ƭƭΪƭթ
One that cheats; a swindler.
ƭӣƭߣƶ˵
Law Fraudulent acquisition of another's property.
ɡ թȡƣթȡ˲Ʋ
Botany An annual European species of brome grass(Bromus secalinus)  widely naturalized in temperate regions. 
ֲѧ ȸһŷȸݣȸ ״ȸ󣩣 º͵㷺ֲ 
?
Middle English cheten [to confiscate] 
йӢ cheten [û] 
short for acheten 
 achetenļд 
variant of escheten 
 eschetenı 
from eschete [escheat] * see  escheat 
Դ eschete [ת] *μ escheat
?
cheater
n.ʣ
cheatingly
adv.ʣ

= =
check
check
AHD:[chk] 
D.J.[t.ek]
K.K.[t.Wk]
n.ʣ
An action or influence that stops motion or expression; a restraint:
谭ʹ˶жϵĶӰ죻谭
Heavy rains were a check on the army's advance.
赲˾ӵǰ
The condition of being stopped or held back; restraint:
ƣжϻֹ״̬ƣ
kept my temper in check; holding agricultural pests in check with sprays.
ҵƢũҵ
An abrupt stop in forward movement or progress; a halt.
жϣǰ˶ͻȻֹͣж
The act or an instance of inspecting or testing, as for accuracy or quality; examination:
飺Ϊ׼ȷԻĵ飻˶ԣ
the careful check of each unit before sale; gave the car an oil check.
ڳ֮ǰÿһϸ飻һ
A standard for inspecting or evaluating; a test.
׼ı׼
A check mark.

A ticket or slip of identification:
ʶƱֽ֤Ƭ
a baggage check.
ǩ
A bill at a restaurant or bar.
ʵ͹ݻưɵʵ
Games A chip or counter used in gambling.
Ϸ 룺Ĳõĳ
Abbr. ch.,ck.A written order to a bank to pay the amount specified from funds on deposit; a draft.
д ch.,ck.֧ƱдӴ֧֧ƱƱ
A small crack; a chink.
Сѷ죻ѿ
A pattern of small squares, as on a chessboard.
еһС
One of the squares of such a pattern.
һ񣺸ͼϵһ
A fabric patterned with squares:
Ӳзͼ֯
a dress of pale green check.
ǳɫĸӷװ
Abbr. chGames 
д chϷ 
A move in chess that directly attacks an opponent's king but does not constitute a checkmate.
ֱӽԷġûг׽һ
The position or condition of a king so attacked.
ġλû򴦾
Sports The act of blocking or impeding an opponent in control of the puck in ice hockey, either with one's body or one's stick.
˶ 赲ڱ˶Ϊ˿Ʊ赲ֵΪ
interj.̾ʣ
Games Used to declare that a chess opponent's king is in check.
Ϸ Ķֵġڱ״̬ʱõĸ̾
Informal Used to express agreement or understanding.
ʽ Уãʾͬĸ̾
v.ʣ
checked,check.ing,checks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrest the motion of abruptly; halt:
ʹͻȻֹͣжϣ
checked the flow by shutting a valve.
Ϸֹˮ
To hold in restraint; curb:
ƣƣ
check an impulse to laugh.See Synonyms at restrain 
ֹסҪЦĳ嶯μ restrain
To slow the growth of; retard.
ʹֹ
To rebuke; rebuff.
𱸣Ǵ
To inspect so as to determine accuracy, quality, or other condition; test:
飺Ϊȷ׼ȷԡм飻ԣ
checked the brakes and lights for defects; checked out the system to make sure there were no errors in the software.
ɲͳûëϵͳмȷûκδ
To verify by consulting a source or authority:
飺ͨϻȨʿȷϣ
checked her facts before speaking; check a spelling in the dictionary.
ݽ֮ǰ˲ʵֵһʵƴд
To put a check mark on or next to:
ڡϻԱߴ򹴣
checked off each item on the shopping list.
ѹ嵥ÿһ
To deposit for temporary safekeeping:
ݷţΪʱİȫţ
checked his coat at the door.
·ݷű
To consign (luggage, for example) for shipment on a transportation vehicle:
ڽͨˣ
checked her bags and boarded the plane.
д˷ɻ
To make cracks or chinks in:
ʹѷѿڣ
Sunlight dried and checked the paint.
ɹ˻ʹѷ
Games To move in chess so as to put (an opponent's king) under direct attack.
Ϸ һʹֵġֱܵӵĽ
Sports To block or impede (an opposing player with the puck) in ice hockey by using one's body or one's stick.
˶ 赲ڱ˶赲űĶ֣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an abrupt halt; stop.
ͻȻжϣֹͣ
To agree point for point; correspond:
롭һ£
The fingerprints checked with the ones on file.
Щָļϵȫ
To be verified or confirmed; pass inspection:
֤ʵ򱻿϶ͨ飺
The suspect's story checked out.
ɷĹµõ֤ʵ
To make an examination or investigation; inquire:
м飻ʣ
phoned to check on the departure time; checked into the rumor.
绰ʳʱ䣻ԴŽе
To write a check on a bank account.
ʻϿ֧Ʊ
To undergo cracking in a pattern of checks, as paint does.
ȳָͼ״
Games To place a chess opponent's king in check.
Ϸ ֵġ
To pause to relocate a scent. Used of hunting dogs.
±ͣһ±ζķλָԹ
To abandon the proper game and follow baser prey. Used of trained falcons.
˶ΣӦȥ׷Ҫָӥ
Sports To block or impede an opposing player carrying the puck in ice hockey.
˶ ˶űĶԶԱ
?
check in
To register, as at a hotel.
ùݵǼס
check out
To settle one's bill and leave a hotel or other place of lodging.
뿪ʲ뿪ùݻס
To withdraw (an item) after recording the withdrawal:
֮ȡĳ
check out books.
鼮
To record and total up the prices of and receive payment for (items being purchased) at a retail store:
տ̵жƷļ¼Ƽۼտ
The cashier checked out and bagged my order.
տԱƼտҰװƷ
check over
To look over; examine:
鿴飺
The teacher checked the students' papers over.
ʦϸ鿴ѧǵԾ
?
Middle English chek [check in chess] 
йӢ chek [еĽ] 
from Old French eschec 
Դ ŷ eschec 
from Arabic sh3h 
Դ  sh3h 
from Persian [king, king in chess] * see  shah 
Դ ˹ [еġ] *μ shah
?
checkable
adj.ݴʣ
?
The wordscheck , chess , and shah  are all related. Shah,  as one might think, is a borrowing into English of the Persian title for the monarch of that country.The Persian wordsh3h  was 
also a term used in chess, a game played in Persia long before it was introduced to Europe.One saidsh3h  as a warning when the opponent's king was under attack. The Persian word in 
this sense,after passing through Arabic,probably Old Spanish, and then Old French,came into Middle English aschek  about seven hundred years ago. Chess  itself comes from a plural 
form of the Old French word that gave us the word check.  Checkmate,  the next stage after check,  goes back to the Arabic phrasesh33t,}  meaning the king is stymied.Through a 
complex development having to do with senses that evolved from the notion of checking the king,check  came to mean something used to ensure accuracy or authenticity. One such 
means was a counterfoil, a part of a check, for example,retained by the issuer as documentation of a transaction.Check  first meant counterfoil and then came to mean 
anything,such as a bill or bank draft, with a counterfoilor eventually even without one.
check  chess  shah ǻġ Shah ˿ Ӣʣԭָ˹ĳƺš˹shah Ҳǹе ڱ
ŷ֮ǰڲ˹ֵġܵʱ˵shah Ϊһ־档 Ĳ˹ʣͨܻйͺĹŷԼ߰ǰ
Ӣchek  Chess ڹŷ check ĸʽ Checkmate  check һ ڰshah mat  ˼ǡѡӶԡ
ݻcheck ĺ徭˸ӵķչָ̣ȷ׼ȷԻʵԵĳֶ 磬һָΪ֧ƱһֵĴǩ֧Ʊ˱
Ϊ׵ĵݡCheck ָ ָκдĶʵлƱȣָûдĶ

= =
cheek
cheek
AHD:[ch?k] 
D.J.[t.i8k]
K.K.[t.ik]
n.ʣ
The fleshy part of either side of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear.
գ۾±ӺͶ֮Ĳ
Something resembling the cheek in shape or position.
Ե壺״λյĶ
Either of the buttocks.
ƨ
Cool impertinence.See Synonyms at temerity 
ղμ temerity
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cheeked,cheek.ing,cheeks ʽ 
To speak impudently to.
ԡ˵
?
cheek by jowl
Side by side; close together.
ţ
?
Middle English cheke 
йӢ cheke 
from Old English c?e 
Դ Ӣ c?e 

= =
cheer
cheer
AHD:[ch?r] 
D.J.[t.!*]
K.K.[t.!r]
n.ʣ
Lightness of spirits or mood; gaiety or joy:
ˣϵܣ˻֣
a happy tune, full of cheer.
˻ֵ
A source of joy or happiness; comfort.
οʹ˿ֻҸ£ο
A shout of approval, encouragement, or congratulation.
Ȳʣʾ͡ףصĴ
A short, rehearsed jingle or phrase, shouted in unison by a squad of cheerleaders.
һСԱĶ̴١ϻ
Festive food and drink; refreshment.
ƲˣϵʳƷϣ
v.ʣ
cheered,cheer.ing,cheers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make happier or more cheerful:
ʹӿֻܣ
a warm fire that cheered us.
ʹǸ˵ůĻ
To encourage with or as if with cheers; urge:
ûûû
The fans cheered the runners on.See Synonyms at encourage 
ҵĹûΪѡִμ encourage
To salute or acclaim with cheers; applaud.See Synonyms at applaud 
ûӭӻޡƲμ applaud
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To shout cheers.

To become cheerful:

had lunch and soon cheered up.
緹ܿ
?
Middle English chere [expression, mood] 
йӢ chere [飬] 
from Old French chiere [face] 
Դ ŷ chiere [] 
from Late Latin cara 
Դ  cara 
from Greek kara [head] * see  ker- 1
Դ ϣ kara [ͷ] *μ ker- 1
?
cheerer
n.ʣ
cheeringly
adv.ʣ

= =
cheerful
cheer.ful
AHD:[ch?rfl] 
D.J.[6t.!*f*l]
K.K.[6t.!rf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in good spirits; merry.See Synonyms at glad 1
˸߲ҵģֵĲμ glad1
Promoting a feeling of cheer; pleasant:
ʹ˸е˵ģģ
a cozy, cheerful room.
ʵġķ
Reflecting willingness or good humor:
ģĳģ
cheerful labor.
Ч
?
cheerfully
adv.ʣ
cheerfulness
n.ʣ

= =
cheese
cheese 1
AHD:[ch?z] 
D.J.[t.i8z]
K.K.[t.iz]
n.ʣ
A solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk, often seasoned and aged.
ңӾѹţƳɵĹʳǷɵĲǳ
A molded mass of this substance.
ţ˲ģƳɵĿ
Something resembling this substance in shape or consistency.
Բ壺״ҵĶ
?
Middle English chese 
йӢ chese 
from Old English cte 
Դ Ӣ cte 
from Germanic *kasjus 
Դ ն *kasjus 
from Latin c3s 
Դ  c3s 
?
cheese
cheese 2
AHD:[ch?z] 
D.J.[t.i8z]
K.K.[t.iz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cheesed,chees.ing,chees.es ٵ 
To stop.
ʹֹͣ
?
cheese itٵ
To look out. Often used in the imperative.
ġʹ
To get away fast; get going. Often used in the imperative.
ӣߡʹ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դδ֪] 
?
cheese
cheese 3
AHD:[ch?z] 
D.J.[t.i8z]
K.K.[t.iz]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
An important person.
Ҫ
?
Perhaps from Urdu choz [thing] 
Դ ڶ choz [] 
from Persian 
Դ ˹ 
from Old Persian *ci?-ciy [something] * see  k wo- 
Դ Ų˹ *ci?-ciy [ʵ֮] *μ k wo- 

= =
chemical
chem.i.cal
AHD:[km1-kl] 
D.J.[6kem!k*l]
K.K.[6kWm!k*l]
adj.Abbr. chem.ݴʣд chem.
Of or relating to chemistry.
ѧģѧĻ뻯ѧйص
Of or relating to the properties or actions of chemicals.
ѧԣѧӦģѧԻѧӦģ뻯ѧԻѧӦйص
n.ʣ
A substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process.
ѧƷѧ仯вʹõľԷӹɵ
A drug, especially an illicit or addictive one.
ָǷʹûʹ
?
Obsolete chimical 
 chimical 
from chimic [alchemist] 
Դ chimic [ʿ] 
from New Latin chimicus 
Դ ִ chimicus 
from Medieval Latin alchimicus 
Դ  alchimicus 
from alchymia [alchemy] * see  alchemy 
Դ alchymia [] *μ alchemy
?
chemically
adv.ʣ

= =
chemist
chem.ist
AHD:[km1st] 
D.J.[6kem!st]
K.K.[6kWm!st]
n.Abbr. chem.ʣд chem.
A scientist specializing in chemistry.
ѧңרоѧĿѧ
Chiefly British A pharmacist.
Ӣ ҩʦ
Obsolete An alchemist.
 ʿ
?
Obsolete chimist 
 chimist 
from New Latin chimista 
Դ ִ chimista 
from Medieval Latin alchymista [alchemist] 
Դ  alchymista [ʿ] 
from alchymia [alchemy] * see  alchemy 
Դ alchymia [] *μ alchemy

= =
chemistry
chem.is.try
AHD:[km1-str?] 
D.J.[6kem!stri8]
K.K.[6kWm!stri]
n.ʣ
 chem.is.tries д chem.
The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.
ѧоԭӺͷϵͳʵɡṹԼӦĿѧ
The composition, structure, properties, and reactions of a substance.
ѧʣʵɡṹԼӦ
The elements of a complex entity and their dynamic interrelation:
໥ãһʵɲԼ֮䲻ϱ仯໥ϵ
Now that they had a leader, a restless chemistry possessed the group(John Updike)
䣬гһֲء(Լմ)
Mutual attraction or sympathy; rapport:
Ǣ໥ͶǢϵ
The chemistry was good between the partners.
ϻ˺Ĭ

= =
cheque
cheque
AHD:[chk] 
D.J.[t.ek]
K.K.[t.Wk]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of check 
 checkı

= =
cherish
cher.ish
AHD:[chr1sh] 
D.J.[6t.er!.]
K.K.[6t.Wr!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cher.ished,cher.ish.ing,cher.ish.es 
To treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear:
ضԴ䰮
cherish one's family; fine rugs that are cherished by their owners.
ͥΪ䰮ľ̺
To keep fondly in mind; entertain:
ػУУ
cherish a memory.See Synonyms at appreciate 
һμμ appreciate
?
Middle English cherishen 
йӢ cherishen 
from Old French cherir  cheriss- 
Դ ŷ cherir  cheriss- 
from cher [dear] 
Դ cher [䰮] 
from Latin c3s * see  k3- 
Դ  c3s *μ k3- 
?
cherishable
n.ʣ
cherisher
n.ʣ
cherishingly
adv.ʣ

= =
cherry
cher.ry
AHD:[chr?] 
D.J.[6t.eri8]
K.K.[6t.Wri]
n.ʣ
 cher.ries 
Any of several trees or shrubs of the genusPrunus,  especially P. avium  or P. cerasus,  native chiefly to northern temperate regions and having pink or white flowers and small, juicy 
drupes. 
ӣ ľľκһָ֣ ӣ  ӣ ԭҪڱº͵ۺɫɫ䣬С֭ĺ˹ 
The yellow, red, or blackish fruit of any of these plants.
ӣңЩֲĻɫɫںɫĹʵ
The wood of any of these plants, especially black cherry.
ӣľЩֲκһָӣľƳɵľ
Any of various plants, such as the Barbados cherry or the cornelian cherry, having fruits resembling a cherry.
ֲӣҹʵĸֲͰͶ˹ӣŷɽǵ
Color A moderate or strong red to purplish red.
ɫʡ ӣɫеȻĺɫϺɫ
Vulgar Slang The hymen considered as a symbol of virginity.
 ٵ ŮĤΪͯĴŮĤ
adj.ݴʣ
Containing or having the flavor of cherries.
ӣƳɵĻӣζ
Made of the wood of a cherry tree:
ӣľƳɵģ
a cherry cabinet.
ӣľĳ
Color Of a moderate or strong red to purplish red.
ɫʡ ɫģʺɫģеȻɫϺɫ
?
Middle English cheri 
йӢ cheri 
from Anglo-Norman cherise 
Դ Ӣ cherise 
variant of Old French cerise 
 ŷ ceriseı 
from Vulgar Latin *ceresia 
Դ  *ceresia 
from *cerasia 
Դ *cerasia 
from Greek kerasia [cherry tree] 
Դ ϣ kerasia [ӣ] 
from kerasos 
Դ kerasos 
[of Semitic origin] ; akin to  Assyrian kar?u 
[Դ]    kar?u 
?
Cherry
Cher.ry
AHD:[chr?] Donald Eugene  Known as Don.(1936-1995) 
D.J.[6t.eri8]
K.K.[6t.Wri]
NONE޴ԣ
American jazz cornetist whose playing and compositions were influenced by musical traditions from around the world.
٤ɵ¡ȽʿСͭȴߣִܵͳӰ

= =
chess
chess 1
AHD:[chs] 
D.J.[t.es]
K.K.[t.Ws]
n.Games ʣϷ 
A board game for two players, each beginning with 16 pieces of six kinds that are moved according to individual rules, with the objective of checkmating the opposing king.
壺һ˲μӵϷÿִ16öӣзΪ֣ÿְͬƶĿΪֵĹ
?
Middle English ches 
йӢ ches 
short for Old French esches [pl. of] eschec [check in chess] * see  check 
 ŷ eschesļд  [] eschecĸ [бľ] *μ check
?
chess
chess 2
AHD:[chs] 
D.J.[t.es]
K.K.[t.Ws]
n.ʣ
Any of several species of brome grass, especially the cheat.
ȸȸݣָȸ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[δ֪] 
?
chess
chess 3
AHD:[chs] 
D.J.[t.es]
K.K.[t.Ws]
n.ʣ
 chess  chess.es  
One of the floorboards of a pontoon bridge.
壺ϵһ
?
Middle English ches [tier] 
йӢ ches [һ] 
perhaps from Old French chasse [frame] 
Դ ŷ chasse [] 
from Latin capsa [box] 
Դ  capsa [] 

= =
chest
chest
AHD:[chst] 
D.J.[t.est]
K.K.[t.Wst]
n.ʣ
The part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, enclosed by the ribs and the breastbone; the thorax.
ţλھ͸֮䱻߹ǺعΧһ֣
A sturdy box with a lid and often a lock, used especially for storage.
ӣרŶĽʵӣиҾ
A small closet or cabinet with shelves for storing supplies:
ӣиСй
a medicine chest above the bathroom sink.
ԡϷҽҩ
The treasury of a public institution.
⣺һĽ
The funds kept there.
ʽ𣺽деĻ
A box for the shipping of certain goods, such as tea.
䣺Ҷ֮Ʒõ
The quantity packed in such a box.
һ䣺װƷ
A sealed receptacle for liquid, gas, or steam.
ܷңҺ塢ܷ
A bureau; a dresser.
³嶷³
?
get (something) off (one's) chest
To vent one's pent-up feelings.
йѹֵĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cest [box] 
Դ Ӣ cest [] 
from West Germanic *kist3} 
Դ ն *kist3} 
from Latin cista 
Դ  cista 
from Greek kist?} 
Դ ϣ kist?} 
?
chested
AHD:[chst1d] ݴʣ

= =
chew
chew
AHD:[ch?] 
D.J.[t.u8]
K.K.[t.u]
v.ʣ
chewed,chew.ing,chews 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bite and grind with the teeth; masticate.
׽ҧ飻׽
To meditate on; ponder:
˼ǣ
chew a problem over.
ϸ˼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a crushing and grinding motion with the teeth.See Regional Note at chaw 
׽ҧƼĶμ chaw
To cogitate; meditate:
˼˼
chewed on the difficulties ahead.
ȿ
Informal To use chewing tobacco.
ʽ ̲
n.ʣ
The act of chewing.
׽׽Ķ
Something held in the mouth and chewed, especially a plug of tobacco.
׽׽Ķָһ̲
?
chew out ٵ
To reprimand; scold.
ѵ⣻
?
chew the cudٵ
To ponder over; meditate.
ԡ˼˼
chew the fat 
chew the rag ٵ
To talk together in a friendly, leisurely way; chat at length.
죺Ѻɵһ̸ܳʱ
?
Middle English cheuen 
йӢ cheuen 
from Old English c?n 
Դ Ӣ c?n 
?
chewable
adj.ݴʣ
chewer
n.ʣ

= =
chicken
chick.en
AHD:[ch1kn] 
D.J.[6t.!k*n]
K.K.[6t.!k*n]
n.ʣ
The common domestic fowl(Gallus domesticus)  or its young. 
ͨݣԭ ׳ 
Any of various similar or related birds.
񣺸뼦ƻйϵ
The flesh of the common domestic fowl.
⣺ͨݵ
Slang A coward.
ٵ 
Any of various foolhardy competitions in which the participants persist in a dangerous course of action until one loses nerve and stops.
߼һΣԶֱõӲֹͣ³çľ
adj.ݴʣ
Slang Afraid; cowardly.
ٵ µģС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
chick.ened,chick.en.ing,chick.ens ٵ 
To act in a cowardly manner; lose one's nerve:
ηķʽȥʧȥ
chickened out at the last moment.
һӶ˳
?
Middle English chiken 
йӢ chiken 
from Old English con 
Դ Ӣ con 

= =
chief
chief
AHD:[ch?f] 
D.J.[t.i8f]
K.K.[t.if]
n.Abbr. ch.,Ch.,C.ʣд ch.,Ch.,C.
One who is highest in rank or authority; a leader.
죺ڵȼȨߵˣ
Often Chief 
  Chief 
A chief petty officer.
ʿ
Nautical The chief engineer of a ship.
 ֻϯеʦ
Slang A boss.
ٵ ϰ
Heraldry The upper section of a shield.
ѧ ϶ΣƵ沿
The most important or valuable part.
Ҫ֣ҪĻмֵĲ
adj.ݴʣ
Highest in rank, authority, or office.
ߵģڵȼȨְλߵ
Most important or influential.See Usage Note at perfect 
ҪĻӰĲμ perfect
adv.Archaic ʣ 
Chiefly.
Ҫ
?
Middle English chef 
йӢ chef 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin caput [head] * see  kaput- 
Դ  caput [ͷĿ] *μ kaput- 
?
chiefdom
n.ʣ
chiefship
n.ʣ
?
chief,principal,main,leading,foremost,primary,prime
These adjectives refer to what is first in rank or in importance.
ЩݴָڵȼҪռҪλĶ
 Chief   applies to a person of the highest authority: 
 Chief  ھȨһˣ 
a chief magistrate.  Used figuratively,chief  implies maximum importance or value:  
ͳ ʱchief ҪԻֵ˼  
Her children were her chief joy.
ĺĿ֡
Principal   applies to someone or something of the first order in rank, power, or significance: 
Principal  ڵȼȨϴڵһλ˻ 
the principal cellist in an orchestra;
һֶ֧ӵĵһ٣
their principal source of entertainment.
ȤĵһԴ
Main   applies to what exceeds others in extent, size, or importance: 
Main  ڷΧߴ硢ҪϳĶ 
the main building on the campus;
У԰ҪĽ
the main subject of conversation.
̸ҪĻ⡣
Leading   suggests personal magnetism, a record of achievement, or suitability or capacity for influencing others: 
Leading  иɾͼ¼Ӱ˵ʺԻ˼ 
She is one of the leading physicians of the city.
ǳõҽ֮һ
Foremost   is closely related toleading   but more strongly emphasizes first position and the sense of having forged ahead of others: 
Foremost  ͬleading ϵ ǿһĵλңң˵ĺ壺 
the foremost research scientist of the day.
ֽǰеоѧҡ
Primary   stresses first in the sense of origin, sequence, or development: 
Primary  ǿԴ߷չϵĵһλģ 
attending primary school.  It can also mean first in the sense of basic or fundamental: 
Сѧ Ҳָڡġ򡰸ġϵһλģ 
The primary function of a house is to provide warmth and shelter.
סլĹṩůڱηꡣ
Prime   applies to what is first in comparison with others and to what is of the best quality: 
Prime  ȽϴڵһλĶԼõĶ 
a theory of prime significance;
ҪԵۣ
prime veal;
ϵСţ⣻
a prime Burgundy. 
ͷȲںѾ 

= =
child
child
AHD:[chold] 
D.J.[t.a!ld]
K.K.[t.a!ld]
n.ʣ
 chil.dren[ch1ldrn]  д ch.
A person between birth and puberty.
ͯӳഺ֮
An unborn infant; a fetus.
̥ûгӤ̥
An infant; a baby.
ӤС
One who is childish or immature.
ɵˣĻδ
A son or daughter; an offspring.
ӻŮ
Often children Members of a tribe; descendants:
  children ᣺һĳԱ᣺
children of Abraham.
ǲĺ
An individual regarded as strongly affected by another or by a specified time, place, or circumstance:
ΪˣΪһ˻ضʱص򻷾Ӱĸˣ
a child of nature; a child of the Sixties.
ΪȻˣʮ
A product or result of something specified:
ĳضĲ
Times Square is a child of the 20th century(Richard F. Shepard)
ʱ㳡20͵Ĳ(F.л͵)
?
with child
Pregnant.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cild 
Դ Ӣ cild 
?
childless
adj.ݴʣ
childlessness
n.ʣ
?
Child
Child
AHD:[chold] Julia (Born 1912) 
D.J.[t.a!ld]
K.K.[t.a!ld]
NONE޴ԣ
American cookery expert known for her books and her instructional television and video series.
̶£櫣( 1912) רң鼰ָԵӽĿ¼
?
Child
ChildLydia Maria Francis (1802-1880)
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist and writer of novels, children's books, and reform works, such asAppeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans  (1833). 
̶£ǡ˹(1802-1880) ū߼ңС˵ͯͺĸƷ硶ΪΪ˵һȺ˺ 1833꣩ 

= =
childhood
child.hood
AHD:[choldh?d] 
D.J.[6t.a!ld7h&d]
K.K.[6t.a!ld7h&d]
n.ʣ
The time or state of being a child.
ͯ꣺Ϊͯʱڻ״̬
The early stage in the existence or development of something:
ڣĳڻչĳ׶Σ
the childhood of Western civilization.


= =
childish
child.ish
AHD:[chold1sh] 
D.J.[6t.a!ld!.]
K.K.[6t.a!ld!.]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or suitable for a child or childhood:
ͯģͯͯģͯͯйصĻʺڶͯͯģ
a high, childish voice; childish nightmares.
ͯͯĶ
Marked by or indicating a lack of maturity; puerile:
δģδΪԵδģ޴ģ
tired of your childish pranks.
ɵĺ
Not complicated; simple.
ӵģ򵥵
Affected mentally by old age; senile.
ϺͿģ϶ӰģϺͿ
?
childishly
adv.ʣ
childishness
n.ʣ

= =
chill
chill
AHD:[ch1l] 
D.J.[t.!l]
K.K.[t.!l]
n.ʣ
A moderate but penetrating coldness.
º͵д͸ĺ
A sensation of coldness, often accompanied by shivering and pallor of the skin.
䣺дսɫ԰׵ĺĸо
A checking or dampening of enthusiasm, spirit, or joy:
ɥ顢ֵĵƻ򽵵ͣ
bad news that put a chill on the celebration.
ʹףɨ˵ĻϢ
A sudden numbing fear or dread.
־壺һͻȻġʹʧȥ֪ĺ»־
adj.ݴʣ
Moderately cold; chilly:
ƫģ쬵ģ
a chill wind.
쬵ķ
Not warm and friendly; distant:
ģѺõģԶģ
a chill greeting.
䵭ʺ
Discouraging; dispiriting:
˾ɥģɨ˵ģ
Chill penury repressed their noble rage(Thomas Gray)
˾ɥƶʹǿԼȫȻķŭ(˹)
v.ʣ
chilled,chill.ing,chills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To affect with or as if with cold.
ðܷ纮
To lower in temperature; cool.
͡¶ȣʹȴ
To make discouraged; dispirit.
ʹйʹɨ
Metallurgy To harden (a metallic surface) by rapid cooling.
ұѧ 㣺ͨ䴦ʹ棩Ӳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be seized with cold.
е
To become cold or set:
̣
jelly that chills quickly.
Ѹ
Metallurgy To become hard by rapid cooling.
ұѧ ͨ䴦Ӳ
?
Middle English chile 
йӢ chile 
from Old English cele * see  gel- 
Դ Ӣ cele *μ gel- 
?
chillingly
adv.ʣ
chillness
n.ʣ

= =
chimney
chim.ney
AHD:[ch1mn?] 
D.J.[6t.!mni8]
K.K.[6t.!mni]
n.ʣ
 chim.neys 
A passage through which smoke and gases escape from a fire or furnace; a flue.
̵̺úӻ¯ͷų̵ͨ
The usually vertical structure containing a chimney.
̴ѣͨΪ̵ֱĽṹ
The part of such a structure that rises above a roof.
̴ѹܣֽṹ߳ݶĲ
Chiefly British A smokestack, as of a ship or locomotive.
Ӣ ̴ѣִϵĴ̴
A glass tube for enclosing the flame of a lamp.
֣ΧסƵĻĲ
Something, such as a narrow cleft in a cliff, resembling a chimney.
̴ϵխ̴ѵĶ
?
Middle English chimenei 
йӢ chimenei 
from Old French cheminee 
Դ ŷ cheminee 
from Late Latin camo3ta} [fireplace] 
Դ  camo3ta} [¯] 
from Latin camos [furnace] 
Դ  camos [¯] 
from Greek kaminos 
Դ ϣ kaminos 

= =
chin
chin
AHD:[ch1n] 
D.J.[t.!n]
K.K.[t.!n]
n.ʣ
The central forward portion of the lower jaw.
°ͣмǰͻĲ
v.ʣ
chinned,chin.ning,chins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull (oneself) up with the arms while grasping an overhead horizontal bar until the chin is level with the bar.
ܣץס߹ͷˮƽֱ۽壩ֱ°ˮƽ
Music To place (a violin) under the chin in preparation to play it.
֡ С٣°׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To chin oneself.
϶
Informal To make idle conversation; chatter.
ʽ ̸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cin * see  genu- 2
Դ Ӣ cin *μ genu- 2
?
chinless
adj.ݴʣ
?
Chin
Chin
AHD:[j1n] 
D.J.[d9!n]
K.K.[d9!n]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Jin 
μ  Jin

= =
china
chi.na
AHD:[chon] 
D.J.[6t.a!n*]
K.K.[6t.a!n*]
n.ʣ
High-quality porcelain or ceramic ware, originally made in China.
ԭйʴմ
Porcelain or earthenware used for the table.
մɲ;ߣʹõĴ
?
Short for chinaware 
 chinawareļд 
?
Our termchina  for porcelain or ceramic ware is a shortening of chinaware  and probably china dishes.  Although the wordchina  is identical in spelling to the name of the country, there 
are 16th- and 17th-century spellings likechiney, cheny,  and cheney  that reflect the borrowing into English of the Persian term for this porcelain,choo.}  The Persian word and the 
Sanskrit wordco3?,}  Chinese people, which gave us the English name for the country, go back to the Chinese wordQin,  the name of the dynasty that ruled China from 221 to 206b.c. 
 
˵ıʾĴchina  chinaware ߿ china dishes дʽ Ȼchina ƴдйĹһģ 1617ʱҲchineycheny  
cheney ƴ Ӣ˲˹бʾִĴʣchini  ˹ʣcinah һʣйˡӢйƼʶ ԺQin 
֣ ǴӹԪǰ 221206ͳй 
?
China
Chi.na
AHD:[chon] д Ch.,Chin.
D.J.[6t.a!n*]
K.K.[6t.a!n*]
NONE޴ԣ
A country of eastern Asia. Its ancient civilization traditionally dates to c. 2700b.c. . Beijing is the capital and Shanghai the largest city. Population, 1,008,175,288. 
йǵĹңŴͳΪ׷ݵԼԪǰ 2700ꡣ׶ΪΪϺ˿1,008,175,288 

= =
chip
chip 1
AHD:[ch1p] 
D.J.[t.!p]
K.K.[t.!p]
n.ʣ
A small piece, as of wood, stone, or glass, broken or cut off.
мƬľͷʯͷ򱻿СƬ
A crack or flaw caused by the removal of a small piece.
ȱڣȱһСƬɵѿڻ覴
Games A small disk or counter used in poker and other games to represent money.
Ϸ Բγ룺˿˺ϷǮСԲƬ
chips Slang Money.
 chips ٵ Ǯ
Electronics A minute slice of a semiconducting material, such as silicon or germanium, doped and otherwise processed to have specified electrical characteristics, especially before it 
is developed into an electronic component or integrated circuit.Also called  microchip 
ѧ ɵ·ƬһСƬȰ뵼ϣӼʹ֮ضĵԣָڽӹɵ·Ԫ򼯳ɵ·֮ǰҲ  microchip
An integrated circuit.
ɵ·
chips A thin, usually fried slice of food, especially a potato chip.
 chips ƬͨΪըıƬʳָƬ
Often chips A very small piece of food or candy:
  chips ƬСһƬʳǹ
chocolate chips.
Ƭ
chips Chiefly British French fries.
 chips Ӣ ը
Wood, palm leaves, straw, or similar material cut and dried for weaving.
֯֯òҾﴦľͷҶݻƵĲ
A fragment of dried animal dung used as fuel.
ɷ飺һȼϵĸĶ
Something worthless.
ûмֵĶ
Sports A chip shot.
˶ 򣬽Ѩ
v.ʣ
chipped,chip.ping,chips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To chop or cut with an ax or other implement.
øӻ
To break a small piece from:
ӡһСƬ
chip a tooth.
һ
To break or cut off (a small piece):
£һСƬ
chip ice from the car window.
ϲ±
To shape or carve by cutting or chopping:
̣ɣͨлԿ̣
chipped her name in the stone.
ʯͷϿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become broken off into small pieces.
ѳСƬ
Sports To make a chip shot in golf.
˶ ڸ߶
?
chip in
To contribute money or labor:
Ǯ
We all chipped in for champagne.
һǮ
To interrupt with comments; interject.
廰
Games To put up chips or money as one's bet in poker and other games.
Ϸ ¶ע˿˺ϷóǮ¶ע
?
chip off the old block
A child whose appearance or character closely resembles that of one or the other parent.
˫ףԸƸĸһĺ
chip on (one's) shoulder
A habitually hostile or combative attitude.
ϰԵжԻö̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cyp [beam] 
Դ Ӣ cyp [] 
from Latin cippus 
Դ  cippus 
?
chip
chip 2
AHD:[ch1p] 
D.J.[t.!p]
K.K.[t.!p]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
chipped,chip.ping,chips 
To cheep, as a bird.
ȷ֨
?
[Imitative] 
[] 
?
chip
n.ʣ
?
chip
chip 3
AHD:[ch1p] 
D.J.[t.!p]
K.K.[t.!p]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A trick method of throwing one's opponent in wrestling.
ˤӼɣˤˤֵļɷ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ֪] 

= =
chocolate
choc.o.late
AHD:[ch?k-l1t, ch?kl1t, ch?k-] 
D.J.[6t.%8k*l!t, 6t.%8kl!t, 6t.Kk-]
K.K.[6t.%k*l!t, 6t.%kl!t, 6t.$k-]
n.ʣ
Fermented, roasted, shelled, and ground cacao seeds, often combined with a sweetener or flavoring agent.
ɿ͡決ȥǡ鲢ҳζζĿɿɶ
A beverage made by mixing water or milk with chocolate.
ɿϻɿ
A small, chocolate-covered candy with a hard or soft center.
һֹɿмΪӲĻĵС
Color A grayish to deep reddish brown to deep grayish brown.
ɫʡ ɿɫһִӻɫɫҺɫ֮ɫ
adj.ݴʣ
Made or flavored with chocolate:
ɿĻɿζģ
chocolate pudding.
ɿ
Color Of a grayish to deep reddish brown to deep grayish brown.
ɫʡ ɫɫҺɫ֮
?
Spanish 
 
from Nahuatl xocolatl 
Դ  xocolatl 
xococ [bitter] 
xococ [] 
atl [water] 
atl [ˮ] 

= =
choice
choice
AHD:[chois] 
D.J.[t.%!s]
K.K.[t.%!s]
n.ʣ
The act of choosing; selection.
ѡѡΪѡ
The power, right, or liberty to choose; option.
ѡȨѡȨɣѡȨ
One that is chosen.
ѡе˻
A number or variety from which to choose:
ѡĶɴнѡһЩĿࣺ
a wide choice of styles and colors.
ɹѡʽɫ
The best or most preferable part.
õĻǳõĲ
Care in choosing.
ѡʱСĽ
An alternative.
˻
adj.ݴʣ
choic.er,choic.est 
Of very fine quality.
ǳõ
Appealing to refined taste.
ӭϸƷζ
Selected with care.
ѡ
Of the U.S. Government grade of meat higher than good and lower than prime.
еȵģƶȼиںõĵϵȵ
?
of choice
Preferred above others of the same kind or set:
ѡģͬһͬһбȱĸܻӭģ
the much used leveraged buyout as the weapon of choice(Alison Leigh Cowan)
ѾծӪȫϰ취ر(ɭ)
?
Middle English chois 
йӢ chois 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from choisir [to choose] 
Դ choisir [ѡ] 
from Vulgar Latin *causoe 
Դ  *causoe 
[of Germanic origin] * see  geus- 
[Դն] *μ geus- 
?
choicely
adv.ʣ
choiceness
n.ʣ
?
choice,alternative,option,preference,selection,election
Each of these nouns denotes the act, power, or right of choosing.
ЩжʾѡΪȨ
 Choice   implies broadly the freedom to choose from a set, as of persons or things: 
 Choice  㷺ָһ˻нѡɣ 
The store offers a wide choice of fruits and vegetables.
̵ṩɹѡˮ߲ˡ
I had no choicetheir decision was final.
ûѡءǵľѳɶ֡
Alternative   emphasizes a choosing between only two possibilities or courses of action: 
Alternative  ǿֻֿԻΪʽ֮ѡ 
An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you  do    (Jane Austen).
 ɯףǰֻ˲ѡ񡣡㲻 ޸˹ĸ׻ҲԸ㣬 Ҫ ޸һҲԸ㡱  򡤰˹
 Option   often stresses a power or liberty to choose that has been granted, as by an authority: 
 Option  ѾȨһѡɣ 
The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.
ڽ쵼ĺѡԼѡίԱ֮ѡ
Preference   indicates choice based on one's values, bias, or predilections: 
Preference  ָڸ˼ֵۡƫƫϵѡ 
We were offered our preference of wines.
ǿѡԼϲѾơ
Selection   suggests a variety of things or persons to choose from: 
Selection  пɹѡ಻ͬ˻˼ 
Parents should exercise care in their selection of the movies their young children see.
ҳΪ׵ĺѡĵӰʱӦСĽ
Election   especially emphasizes the use of judgment in choosing: 
Election  رǿѡʱʹж 
The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature. See also Synonyms at  delicate 
УѡйдѧĿγ μͬ delicate

= =
choke
choke
AHD:[ch?k] 
D.J.[t.*&k]
K.K.[t.ok]
v.ʣ
choked,chok.ing,chokes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To interfere with the respiration of by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea.
ֹͨססܶ谭
To check or slow down the movement, growth, or action of:
ֹͣƶֹͣ
a garden that was choked by weeds.
ӲݴߵĻ԰
To block up or obstruct by filling or clogging:
谭ͨװ谭
Mud choked the drainpipe.
ˮ
To fill up completely; jam:
ѡװģ
Major commuter arteries were choked with stalled traffic.
ҪĽͨ߶˶ĳ
To reduce the air intake of (a carburetor), thereby enriching the fuel mixture.
ţٽĿԵõŨȼϻ
Sports To grip (a bat or racket, for example) at a point nearer the hitting surface.
˶ ססĵȵģӽ֮
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking.
ںʻ˵
To become blocked up or obstructed.
谭
Sports To shorten one's grip on the handle of a bat or racket.
˶ գİľ
To fail to perform effectively because of nervous agitation or tension:
ʧ񾭲ŶδЧʵع
The only top official to choke up was the Secretary of State. . . . he created a problem by insisting on solving a problem that was not acute(William Safire)
Ψһľֹʧĸ߼ԱҪһصⷴ⡱(ƶ)
n.ʣ
The act or sound of choking.
Ϊ
Something that constricts or chokes.
ѹƻĶ
A narrow part, such as the chokebore of a firearm.
ϸǹĽͲխĲ
A device used in an internal-combustion engine to enrich the fuel mixture by reducing the flow of air to the carburetor.
ţȼͨĿʹȼϻŨߵװ
?
choke back
To hold back; suppress:
סƣ
choked back his tears.
ס
choke off
To bring to an end as if by choking:
ƣȰ裺סһʹֹͣ
Treasury borrowing of existing savings would drive up the interest rate and choke off economic activity(Paul Craig Roberts)
днʹʹûͣ͡(ޡ׸޲)
choke up
To be unable to speak because of strong emotion.
ʣҭס鼤˵
?
Middle English choken 
йӢ choken 
short for achoken 
 achokenļд 
from Old English 3?cian} 
Դ Ӣ 3?cian} 3- [intensive pref.] 3- [ǿǰ׺] 
c??ace} [jaw, cheek] 
c??ace} [򦣬] 

= =
choose
choose
AHD:[ch?z] 
D.J.[t.u8z]
K.K.[t.uz]
v.ʣ
chose[ch?z] cho.sen[ch?zn] choos.ing,choos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To select from a number of possible alternatives; decide on and pick out.
ѡһЩɹѡĶѡѡ
To prefer above others:
Ϊȡ
chooses the supermarket over the neighborhood grocery store.
Ըȥгȥӻ
To determine or decide:
ѡ
chose to fly rather than drive.
˷ɻȥǿȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a choice; make a selection:
ѡ񣻽ѡ
was used to doing as she chose.
ϰԼѡ
?
choose up
To choose players and form sides or teams for a game, such as baseball or softball.
ѡԱӣڰʽ˶ѡԱ
?
Middle English chesen 
йӢ chesen 
from Old English c?n * see  geus- 
Դ Ӣ c?n *μ geus- 
?
chooser
n.ʣ
?
choose,select,elect,pick
These verbs mean to make a choice from a number of possibilities.
ЩʶָһЩѡ
 Choose   implies the use of judgment in taking one of several persons, things, or courses of action: 
 Choose  жһЩˡΪʽѡһ˼ 
We do not choose survival as a value; it chooses us  (B.F. Skinner).
 ǰΪһֵּѡѡǡ BF˹ɣ
 Select   stresses fastidiousness in choosing from a wide variety: 
 Select  ڴ಻ͬнѡʱ̬ȣ 
Four skiers will be selected to represent each country.
ÿҽѡѩΪ
Elect   strongly suggests deliberation in making a selection, usually between alternatives: 
Elect  ǿҵذʾ֮ͨѡʱ˼ϸ룺 
I elected not to go.
Ҿȥ
Pick,   likeselect,  indicates care in choosing:  
Pick  select һʾѡʱСĽ  
Not only do I knock 'em out, I pick the round  (Muhammad Ali).
 Ҳܻһѡһغϻ ĬĬ¡

= =
chop
chop 1
AHD:[ch?p] 
D.J.[t.Kp]
K.K.[t.$p]
v.ʣ
chopped,chop.ping,chops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut by striking with a heavy, sharp tool, such as an ax:
ͨøӵȳطĹؿ
chop wood.

To shape or form by chopping:
ɣͨɻγɣ
chop a hole in the ice.
ڱϿһ
To cut into small pieces:
ѡƬ
chop onions; chop up meat.
У
To curtail as if by chopping:
һ
chopped off his sentence midway; are going to chop expenses.
һʱͻȻס˻ͷ֧
Sports To hit or hit at with a short, swift downward stroke.
˶ һ̴µĴ򷨻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make heavy, cutting strokes.
гءԵû
Archaic To move roughly or suddenly.
 һͻȻƶ
n.ʣ
The act of chopping.
Ϊ
A swift, short, cutting blow or stroke.
Ѹٶ̴ٵĿƵػû
Sports A short, downward stroke.
˶ лһǶ̴µĻ
A piece that has been chopped off, especially a cut of meat, usually taken from the rib, shoulder, or loin and containing a bone.
Źǣһ飬ָһͨ߹ǡ򼹱Ĵйͷ
A short, irregular motion of waves.
ˣ˶̶˶
An area of choppy water, as on an ocean.
˵
?
Middle English choppen 
йӢ choppen 
probably variant of chappen [to split] * see  chap 1
Ϊ chappenı [] *μ chap1
?
chop
chop 2
AHD:[ch?p] 
D.J.[t.Kp]
K.K.[t.$p]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
chopped,chop.ping,chops 
To change direction suddenly, as a ship in the wind.
ı䷽򣺷еĴͻȻı䷽
?
Obsolete [to exchange] 
 [] 
from Middle English choppen [to barter, bargain] 
Դ йӢ choppen [ｻּۻ] 
variant of chapen 
 chapenı 
from Old English ce3n 
Դ Ӣ ce3n 
from c?p [bargain, trade] * see  cheap 
Դ c?p [ּۻۣó] *μ cheap
?
chop
chop 3
AHD:[ch?p] 
D.J.[t.Kp]
K.K.[t.$p]
n.ʣ
An official stamp or permit in the Far East.
ӡԶһֹٷǻ֤
A mark stamped on goods or coins to indicate their identity or quality.
ǣڻӲϱһִ
Quality; class:
ȼ
first chop.
һ
?
Hindi ch3p [seal] 
ӡ ch3p [ӡ] 

= =
chord
chord 1
AHD:[k?rd, k?rd] 
D.J.[k%8d, k*&rd]
K.K.[k%rd, kord]
n.ʣ
Music A combination of three or more usually concordant tones sounded simultaneously.
֡ ңͬʱͨΪг͵Ľ
Harmony, as of color.
ɫȺг
v.ʣ
chord.ed,chord.ing,chords 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in accord; agree.
гһ£
Music To play chords on an instrument.
֡ һ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Music To play chords on.
֡ ڡ
To harmonize.
ʹг
?
Alteration  influenced by chord [musical instrument string] * see  chord 2
   chordӰ [] *μ chord2
of Middle English cord 
 йӢ cordı仯 
from accord [agreement] 
Դ accord [һ] 
from Old French acorde 
Դ ŷ acorde 
from acorder [to agree] * see  accord 
Դ acorder [] *μ accord
?
chord
chord 2
AHD:[k?rd, k?rd] 
D.J.[k%8d, k*&rd]
K.K.[k%rd, kord]
n.ʣ
A line segment that joins two points on a curve.
ң߶
A straight line connecting the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil.
ңӻǰԵԵֱ
Anatomy Variant of cord 
ѧ  cordı 
An emotional feeling or response:
ңϵĸܻӦ
Her words struck a sympathetic chord in her audience.
Ļ˹ڵ
Archaic The string of a musical instrument.
 һ
?
Alteration of cord 
 cordı仯

= =
chorus
cho.rus
AHD:[k?rs, k?r-] 
D.J.[6k%8r*s, 6k*&r-]
K.K.[6k%r*s, 6kor-]
n.ʣ
 cho.rus.es 
Music 
֡ 
A composition in four or more parts written for a large number of singers.
ϳΪһȺдĲಿĸ
A refrain in which an audience joins a soloist in a song.
ϳ䣬ص䣺һڶֵһ֧мĸ
A repeat of the opening statement of a popular song played by the whole group.
䣺ȫԱݵһиĿ׵ظ
A solo section based on the main melody of a popular song and played by a member of the group.
֣һиϵĶֶ֣һԱݳ
A body of singers who perform choral compositions.
ϳţݳϳƷĸ
A body of vocalists and dancers who support the soloists and leading performers in operas, musical comedies, and revues.
쳪Ϸ硢ϲ硢ʱ·̾϶ǵĸ質Һ赸Ա
A group of persons who speak or sing in unison a given part or composition in drama or poetry recitation.
˵ԱϷʫлݳһָֻƷ
An actor in Elizabethan drama who recites the prologue and epilogue to a play and sometimes comments on the action.
˵ԱɯϷԺβԼʱݳ۵Ա
A group of masked dancers who performed ceremonial songs at religious festivals in early Greek times.
赸ߣϣʱڣڽ̽ݳףĴߵ赸Ա
The group in a classical Greek drama whose songs and dances present an exposition of or, in later tradition, a disengaged commentary on the action.
ӣھϣϷУһԱøչʾںڵĴͳͬݳ
The portion of a classical Greek drama consisting of choric dance and song.
ӣڹϣϷȺͺϳɵĲ
A group or performer in a modern drama serving a purpose similar to the Greek chorus.
質ߣ赸ߣִϣϳͬõԱ
The performers of a choral ode, especially a Pindaric ode.
ʫࣺϳ̸裬ƽ¶̸Ա
A speech, song, or other utterance made in concert by many people.
ϳĸֻ˷Ľ
A simultaneous utterance by a number of people:
ͬһЩͬʱ
a chorus of jeers from the bystanders.
Թ߷ĳŪ
The sounds so made.

v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
cho.rused  cho.russed cho.rus.ing  cho.rus.sing cho.rus.es  cho.rus.ses  
To sing or utter in or as if in chorus.
ϳڻںϳг˵
?
in chorus
All together; in unison.
ͬʱһ
?
Latin [choral dance] 
 [ϳ赸] 
from Greek khoros * see  gher- 1
Դ ϣ khoros *μ gher- 1

= =
chronic
chron.ic
AHD:[kr?n1k] 
D.J.[6krKn!k]
K.K.[6kr$n!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of long duration; continuing:
ڵģģ
chronic money problems.
ڵĽǮ
Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases:
Եģܳʱ򾭳ģĳЩ
chronic colitis.
Խ᳦
Subject to a habit or pattern of behavior for a long time:
߳ģڵΪϰ߻ʽ
a chronic liar.
һ˵ѵ
?
French chronique 
 chronique 
from Latin chronicus 
Դ  chronicus 
from Greek khronikos [of time] 
Դ ϣ khronikos [ʱ] 
from khronos [time] 
Դ khronos [ʱ] 
?
chronically
adv.ʣ
chronicity
AHD:[kr?-n1s1-t?] ʣ
?
chronic,confirmed,habitual,inveterate
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having long had a habit or a disease: 
Щݴʵ˼ǡڵϰ߻򼲲 
a chronic complainer;
Թˣ
a confirmed bachelor;
ϰڵˣ
a habitual cheat;
ƭ
an inveterate smoker. 
ܴ 

= =
church
church
AHD:[ch?rch] 
D.J.[t.T8t.]
K.K.[t.Pt.]
n.Abbr. c.,C.,ch.,Ch.ʣд c.,C.,ch.,Ch.
A building for public, especially Christian worship.
ããرΪͽ
Often Church 
  Church 
The company of all Christians regarded as a mystic spiritual body.
̻᣺ͽ֯صľ
A specified Christian denomination:
ɱ
the Presbyterian Church.
̳ϻ
A congregation.
ȫͽ
Public divine worship in a church; a religious service:
ʽڽйڶݣڽ̷
goes to church at Christmas and Easter.
ʥں͸ȥ
The clerical profession; clergy.
ʦְҵʦ
Ecclesiastical power as distinguished from the secular:
̻ȨͬڽԵĽ̻
the separation of church and state.
̷
Christian Science The structure of Truth and Love (Mary Baker Eddy).
̿ѧɡ ͰĹɡˡ£
v.tr.ﶯʣ
churched,church.ing,church.es 
To conduct a church service for, especially to perform a religious service for (a woman after childbirth).
ָݣΪŮʵнָ̻ʵڽ̷
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the church; ecclesiastical.
ͬйصģ̻
?
Middle English chirche 
йӢ chirche 
from Old English cirice 
Դ Ӣ cirice 
ultimately from Medieval Greek kurikon 
Դ ϣ kurikon 
from Late Greek kuriakon (d?) [the Lord's (house)] 
Դ ϣ kuriakon (d?) [ģס] 
from Greek kuriakos [of the lord] 
Դ ϣ kuriakos [] 
from kurios [lord] * see  keu- 
Դ kurios [] *μ keu- 
?
Church
Church
AHD:[ch?rch] Frederick Edwin (1826-1900) 
D.J.[t.T8t.]
K.K.[t.Pt.]
NONE޴ԣ
American painter and leader of the Hudson River School. His works includeHeart of the Andes  (1859). 
棬׵ˡ£(1826-1900) ңɵ䡣Ʒ˹ɽġ 1859꣩ 

= =
cigarette
cigarette Ҳ cig.a.ret
AHD:[s1g-rt, s1g-rt] 
D.J.[7s!g*6ret, 6s!g*7ret]
K.K.[7s!g*6rWt, 6s!g*7rWt]
n.ʣ
A small roll of finely cut tobacco for smoking, enclosed in a wrapper of thin paper.
̵ֽ̣̣кõС̲ݣñֽ
A similar roll of another substance, such as a tobacco substitute or marijuana.
Ƶľ̲
?
French [diminutive of] cigare [cigar] 
  [] cigareС׺ [] 
from Spanish cigarro * see  cigar 
Դ  cigarro *μ cigar
?
Cigarette
Cig.a.rette
AHD:[s1g-rt, s1g-rt] 
D.J.[7s!g*6ret, 6s!g*7ret]
K.K.[7s!g*6rWt, 6s!g*7rWt]
NONE޴ԣ
A trademark used for a long, slender, high-powered offshore racing boat. This trademark often occurs in print ascigarette boat : 
ĦͧһϸĴ̱ͧꡣ̱곣ӡΪ̴  
The skipper hoisted a sailfish pennant and we steamed triumphantly back into the harbor past cigarette boats(Advertising Age)The Coast Guard . . . has let him pilot government 
cigarette boats off the Florida coast(U.S. News & World Report)
Ծ߳죬ǾЩ״Ĵʤʻظۿڡ(ʱ)ӡڷݺͧ(ż籨)

= =
cinema
cin.e.ma
AHD:[s1n-m] 
D.J.[6s!n*m*]
K.K.[6s!n*m*]
n.ʣ
A film or movie.
Ӱ
A movie theater.
ӰԺ
Films or movies considered as a group.
Ӱܳ
The film or movie industry.
Ӱҵ
The art or technique of making films or movies; filmmaking.
ӰƵӰӰ
?
French cinma 
 cinma 
short for cinmatograph * see  cinematograph 
 cinmatographļд *μ cinematograph
?
cinematic
AHD:[s1n-m2t1k] ݴʣ
cinematically
adv.ʣ

= =
circle
cir.cle
AHD:[s?rkl] 
D.J.[6sT8k*l]
K.K.[6sPk*l]
n.Abbr. cir,circ.ʣд cir,circ.
A plane curve everywhere equidistant from a given fixed point, the center.
ԲԲΣӶ㣨ԲģȾ뵽һƽ
A planar region bounded by a circle.
ԲԲοռ䣺ԲΧһƽ
Something, such as a ring, shaped like such a plane curve.
Բ״״ԲĶָ
A circular course, circuit, or orbit:
Բε·ߡ·
a satellite's circle around the earth.
ƵĻι
A curved section or tier of seats in a theater.
¥᣺ԺĻβֻλ
A series or process that finishes at its starting point or continuously repeats itself; a cycle.
ѭܶʼظϵл̣ѭ
A group of people sharing an interest, activity, or achievement.
Ȧӣ磺ͬһȤɾ͵һȺ
A territorial or administrative division, especially of a province, in some European countries.
ָֻһЩŷ޹ҵʡ
A sphere of influence or interest; domain:
򣬷ΧӰ췶ΧȤΧ
well-known in artistic circles.
Ȧ
Logic A vicious circle.
߼ѧ ѭ
v.ʣ
cir.cled,cir.cling,cir.cles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or form a circle around; enclose.
ΧʹγһȦΧסΧ
To move in a circle around.
ƣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in a circle.
ƣ
?
Middle English cercle 
йӢ cercle 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin circulus [diminutive of] circus [circle] 
Դ  circulus  [] circusС׺ [Բ] 
from Greek kirkos, krikos * see  sker- 2
Դ ϣ kirkos, krikos *μ sker- 2
?
circler
AHD:[-klr] ʣ
?
circle,coterie,set,clique
These nouns denote a group of people sharing an interest or activity.
ЩʴͬһȤһȺˡ
 Circle   connotes gravitation around a central point or element: 
 Circle  ζһĵԪص 
my circle of friends;
ҵȦӣ
prominent in financial circles.
ھýͻġ
 For the most of us,if we do not talk of ourselves, or at any rate of the individual circles of which we are the centers,we can talk of nothing  (Anthony Trollope).
 ǵеľǲ̸ԼΪĵĸȦӣ̸κ¡ ᡤƤ
 Coterie   applies to a small, select group of congenial persons: 
 Coterie  ȤͶ־ͬϵǾѡСȺ壺 
a coterie of Wall Street bankers and their friends  (Robert B. Reich).
 мǺѵСȦӡ  ޲ءB棩
 Set   suggests a large, loosely bound group,especially of persons of the same social status who have similar interests and tastes: 
 Set  ָġɢϵȺ壬ָȤƷζͬһεɵȺ壺 
These men constituted the best set in the College. . . . All were reading men, and all good men  (Walter Besant). A
 Щγ˴ѧõȺ塭еĶǶˣҲǺˡ  ֶءأ
 clique   is an exclusive group, usually social and often participating in activities from which outsiders are barred: 
 clique  һȺ壬ΪԵĲμӽֹ˼Ļ 
the narrow, often self-perpetuating cliques which control our lives, living standards and leisure  (John Lloyd).See also Synonyms at  surround ,turn 
 ֧׼еġΪļš  ԼͰ£μͬ surround,turn

= =
circuit
cir.cuit
AHD:[s?rk1t] 
D.J.[6sT8k!t]
K.K.[6sPk!t]
n.Abbr. cir,circ.ʣд cir,circ.
A closed, usually circular line that goes around an object or area.
ߣߣͨΪΧһԲη
The region enclosed by such a line.See Synonyms at circumference 
ԲȦ߰Χμ circumference
A path or route the complete traversal of which without local change of direction requires returning to the starting point.
ػ·ߣһͨ··ߣıнȫ̻ص
The act of following such a path or route.
УѲأ·нΪ
A journey made on such a path or route.
ΣΣ·
Electronics 
ѧ 
A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current.
·һͨͨķ·
A configuration of electrically or electromagnetically connected components or devices.
·ӽṹӻӵԪ豸γɵһֽṹ
A regular or accustomed course from place to place; a round:
ؼĹ̶Ļϰ·ߣѲأ
a salesperson on the Detroit-Minneapolis-Chicago circuit; a popular speaker on the lecture circuit.
ڵһᰢ˹һ֥Ӹߵ̣Ѳؽݵ˵
The area or district thus covered, especially a territory under the jurisdiction of a judge in which  periodic court sessions are held.
ͥѲĵָɷٲþԿͥĵ
An association of theaters in which plays, acts, or films move from theater to theater for presentation.
ѲݳᣬЭ᣺һ־Ժ֯Ϸ硢ӰڸԺֻ
A group of nightclubs, show halls, or resorts at which entertainers appear in turn.
һϵеҹܻᡢչʾͶȼٵأԱڸطֻر
An association of teams, clubs, or arenas of competition:
ˣЭ᣺˶ӡֲ֮֯
the downhill ski circuit.
»ѩЭ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
cir.cuit.ed,cir.cuit.ing,cir.cuits 
To make a circuit or circuit of.
ѲأΣơлʹ
?
Middle English [circumference] 
йӢ [Բ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin circuitus [a going around] [from past participle of] circumore [to go around] 
Դ  circuitus [һȦ]  [] ԴcircumoreĹȥִ [] 
circum- [circum-] 
circum- [] oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [] *μ ei- 

= =
circular
cir.cu.lar
AHD:[s?rky-lr] 
D.J.[6sT8kj*l*]
K.K.[6sPkj*l+]
adj.Abbr. cir,circ.ݴʣд cir,circ.
Of or relating to a circle.
ԲȦģԲȦģԲȦйص
Shaped like or nearly like a circle; round.
Բεģ״ΪԲΪԲģԲ
Moving in or forming a circle.
ԲڻγԲ
Circuitous; roundabout:
ػصģеģ
took a circular route to the office.
Ƶȥ칫
Marked by reasoning in a circle:
ѭ֤ģֳѭģ
a circular theory.
ѭ
Addressed or distributed to a large number of persons.
ĵģͨģ͸˵
n.ʣ
A printed advertisement, directive, or notice intended for mass distribution.
ӡƵĹ棬ӡɵĹ桢֪ͨͨڴķַ
?
Middle English circuler 
йӢ circuler 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin circul3s 
Դ  circul3s 
from circulus [circle] * see  circle 
Դ circulus [ԲȦ] *μ circle
?
circularity
AHD:[-l2r1-t?] ʣ
circularly
adv.ʣ

= =
circulate
cir.cu.late
AHD:[s?rky-l3t] 
D.J.[6sT8kj*7le!t]
K.K.[6sPkj*7let]
v.ʣ
cir.cu.lat.ed,cir.cu.lat.ing,cir.cu.lates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in or flow through a circle or circuit:
ѭػ·
blood circulating through the body.
ѪҺѭ
To move around, as from person to person or place to place:
Ѳأ󣺵ߣ˵˻ӵ
a guest circulating at a party.
ھۻϴĿ
To move about or flow freely, as air.
ͨ߶һ
To spread widely among persons or places; disseminate:
ɢǻ֮㷺ɢ
Gossip tends to circulate quickly.
ԴѸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move about or be distributed:
ʹͣʹɢ
Please circulate these fliers.
Щ
?
From Middle English circulat [continuously distilled] 
Դ йӢ circulat [] 
from circul3s [past participle of] circul3re [to make circular] 
Դ circul3s  [] circul3reĹȥִ [ɢ] 
from circulus * see  circle 
Դ circulus *μ circle
?
circulative
AHD:[-l3t1v] ݴʣ
circulator
n.ʣ

= =
circulation
cir.cu.la.tion
AHD:[s?rky-l3shn] 
D.J.[7sT8kj*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7sPkj*6le.*n]
n.Abbr. circ.ʣд circ.
Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action.
ѭػλ·˶ָѪҺѹѪܵ
Movement or passage through a system of vessels, as of water through pipes; flow.
ϵͳлУˮعܵ
Free movement or passage.
ƶͨ
The passing of something, such as money or news, from place to place or person to person.
ͨɢһЩӵ˵֮ĴݣǮϢ
The condition of being passed about and widely known; distribution.
䣺ķΪ֪״̬
Dissemination of printed material, especially copies of newspapers or magazines, among readers.
ɢӡˢƷɢָڶ߼䱨ֽ־ӡˢƷɢ
The number of copies of a publication sold or distributed.
ַķ

= =
circumference
cir.cum.fer.ence
AHD:[sr-k?mfr-ns] 
D.J.[s*6kJmf*r*ns]
K.K.[s+6kJmf*r*ns]
n.Abbr. cir,circ.,circum.ʣд cir,circ.,circum.
The boundary line of a circle.
ԲܣһԲı߽
The boundary line of a figure, area, or object.
ΧһͼΡı߽
The length of such a boundary.
ֱ߽ܳĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French circonference 
Դ ŷ circonference 
from Latin circumferentia 
Դ  circumferentia 
from circumfer?s  circumferent- [present participle of] circumferre [to carry around] 
Դ circumfer?s  circumferent-  [] circumferreڷִ [ﵽ] 
circum- [circum-] 
circum- [] 
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [ﵽ] *μ bher- 1
?
circumferential
AHD:[-f-rnshl] ݴʣ
?
circumference,circuit,compass,perimeter,periphery
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a line around a closed figure or area: 
ЩеǡΧһͼλߡ 
the circumference of the earth;
ܱߣ
a park five acres in circuit;
һռӢĶĹ԰
stayed within the compass of the schoolyard;
ͣУ԰ķΧڣ
the perimeter of a rectangle;
һεܳ
erected a fence around the periphery of the property. 
ڵزΧΧǽ 

= =
circumstance
cir.cum.stance
AHD:[s?rkm-st2ns] 
D.J.[6sT8k*m7st#ns]
K.K.[6sPk*m7st#ns]
n.ʣ
A condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it; a determining or modifying factor.
¼ĳϵʵػӰ
A condition or fact that determines or must be considered in the determining of a course of action.
ʵһжʱ뿼ǵʵ
Often circumstances The sum of determining factors beyond willful control:
  circumstances ͹ƣ־ľصܺͣ
a victim of circumstance; work that will begin on Monday if circumstances permit.
µƷһʼ
circumstances Financial status or means:
 circumstances ״룺
Prior came of a good family, much reduced in circumstances(George Sherburn)
üͥھѡ(ΡᲮ)
Detail accompanying or surrounding an event, as in a narrative or series of events.
飬ϸڣΧһ¼ϸڣһ»ϵ¼е
Formal display; ceremony:
ʽ
the pomp and circumstance of a coronation.
ʽʢų
A particular incident or occurrence:
ض¼
Your arrival was a fortunate circumstance.See Synonyms at occurrence 
ĵעĲμ occurrence
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cir.cum.stanced,cir.cum.stanc.ing,cir.cum.stanc.es 
To place in particular circumstances or conditions; situate.
ʹض£ʹ
?
under no circumstances
In no case; never.
β
under the circumstances 
in the circumstances
Given these conditions; such being the case.
Щ£Ȼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French circonstance 
Դ ŷ circonstance 
from Latin circumstantia 
Դ  circumstantia 
from circumst3s  circumstant- [present participle of] circumst3re [to stand around] 
Դ circumst3s  circumstant-  [] circumst3reڷִ [վΧ] 
circum- [circum-] 
circum- [ǰ׺ơ] 
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
Use of the idiomunder the circumstances  is justified by both logic and reputable precedent,and objections to it must be accounted at best overfussy if not also,as H.W. Fowler put it, 
puerile.
ϰunder the circumstances ʹã ߼͹淶֤Ϊȷڴ˵ķٻᱻҧĽ֣縣۵ġɡ

= =
circus
cir.cus
AHD:[s?rks] 
D.J.[6sT8k*s]
K.K.[6sPk*s]
n.ʣ
A public entertainment consisting typically of a variety of performances by acrobats, clowns, and trained animals.
ϷݣһֹֽĿͨһϵи߿ӼԱСѱ޵ı
A traveling company that performs such entertainments.
ϷţϷ
A circular arena, surrounded by tiers of seats and often covered by a tent, in which such shows are performed.
ԲϷΧΧλԲγأ񣬱н
A roofless, oval enclosure surrounded by tiers of seats that was used in antiquity for public spectacles.
λΧƵ޶ԲγأڹŴڹ
Chiefly British An open circular place where several streets intersect.
Ӣ Բνڣ¶Բι㳡ֽ㴦ĿŵԲ
Informal Something suggestive of a circus, as in frenetic activity or noisy disorder:
ʽ µʹ뵽ϷݵڿȵĻµĻУ
The city is a circus of the senses(William H. Gass)
ľ(H.˹)
?
Middle English [round arena] 
йӢ [Բξ] 
from Latin [circus, circle] * see  circle 
Դ  [] *μ circle
?
circusy
adj.ݴʣ
?
The modern circus owes its name but fortunatelynot its regular program of events to the amusement of ancient times.The Latin wordcircus,  which comes from the Greek word kirkos,  
circle, ring, referred to a circular or oval area enclosed by rows of seats for spectators.In the center ring, so to speak, was held a variety of events,including chariot races and 
gladiatorial combats, spectacles in which bloodshed and brutality were not uncommon.The first use ofcircus  recorded in English, in a work by Chaucer written around 1380,probably 
refers to the Circus Maximus in Rome.Our modern circus, which dates to the end of the 18th century,was originally an equestrian spectacle as well,but the trick riders were soon joined 
in the ring by such performers as ropedancers, acrobats, and jugglers.Even though the circular shape of the arena and the equestrian nature of some of the performances are carried 
over from its Roman namesake,the modern circus, despite occasional accidental violence,has little connection with its brutal namesake of long ago.
ִϷӦƹڹʱֵ֣ҵزǹĹ̶Ŀĵcircus Դϣ kirkos Բ ָɹڵλΧԲλԲγ
ڳ֮Ϊ뻷صĳожֱݣսܺͽǶɱͲбľ󲢲ټӢм¼circus ʹã дڴԼ1380һ
ָĴ󾺼ִϷſ׷ݵ18ĩҲݣ߸˿Ա߿ӼԱˣԱܿԲγмؼֵСϷصԲ״
һЩݵʵͬõģִϷţżıԶǰбͬＸûй

= =
cite
cite
AHD:[sot] 
D.J.[sa!t]
K.K.[sa!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cit.ed,cit.ing,cites 
To quote as an authority or example.
ãѡΪȨ
To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof:
֤ѡΪ֧֡˵֤ἰ
cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.
Ϊ֤
To commend officially for meritorious action in military service.
νٷ·ейΪ
To honor formally.
ʽ
To summon before a court of law.
ĳˣͥ
?
Middle English citen [to summon] 
йӢ citen [] 
from Old French citer 
Դ ŷ citer 
from Latin cit3e * see  kei- 2
Դ  cit3e *μ kei- 2
?
citable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
citizen
cit.i.zen
AHD:[s1t1-zn] 
D.J.[6s!t!z*n]
K.K.[6s!t!z*n]
n.Abbr. cit.ʣд cit.
A person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation.
񣺱Ļ뱾ЧڹҲȨõұ
A resident of a city or town, especially one entitled to vote and enjoy other privileges there.
񣺳лľָڳȨͶƱȨ
A civilian.
ƽ
A native, inhabitant, or denizen of a particular place:
һضطıسߡס߻뼮ߣ
We have learned to be citizens of the world, members of the human community(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
ѧΪľĳԱ(.D.˹)
?
Middle English citisein 
йӢ citisein 
from Anglo-Norman citesein 
Դ Ӣ citesein 
probably alteration of Old French citeain 
Ϊ ŷ citeainı仯 
from cite [city] * see  city 
Դ cite [] *μ city
?
citizenly
adj.ݴʣ
?
citizen,national,subject
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a person owing allegiance to a nation or state and entitled to its protection: 
ЩеǡЧһһȨõıˡ 
an American citizen;
һ
 a British national;
һӢ
a French subject. 
һ 

= =
city
cit.y
AHD:[s1t?] 
D.J.[6s!ti8]
K.K.[6s!ti]
n.ʣ
 cit.ies д C.
A center of population, commerce, and culture; a town of significant size and importance.
УУ˿ڡҵĻģһģҪĳ
An incorporated municipality in the United States with definite boundaries and legal powers set forth in a charter granted by the state.
ضȷ߽磬ȨкϷȨһϲλ
A Canadian municipality of high rank, usually determined by population but varying by province.
ôĸ߼γУͨ˿ڶʡ
A large incorporated town in Great Britain, usually the seat of a bishop, with its title conferred by the Crown.
ϳӢӵлʼ״ͨΪڵصĴĺΪһĳ
The inhabitants of a city considered as a group.
ȫо񣺱һȺһеľס
An ancient Greek city-state.
ϣǰ
City An area or complex specializing in a particular type of merchandise. Often used in combination:
 City ضҵʽרӪĳضƷһۺҵںϳɴʣ
Car City on Route 1A; Bargain City.
1A·ǣƽҵ
Slang Used in combination as an intensive:
ٵ ںϳɴǿĴʣ
The playing field was mud city after the big rain.
˶سŢ֮
?
Middle English cite 
йӢ cite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin co3s} 
Դ  co3s} 
from cos [citizen] * see  kei- 1
Դ cos [] *μ kei- 1

= =
civil
civ.il
AHD:[s1vl] 
D.J.[6s!v*l]
K.K.[6s!v*l]
adj.Abbr. civ.ݴʣд civ.
Of, relating to, or befitting a citizen or citizens:
ģڹģ
civil duties.

Of or relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state:
ģйء漰񼰹֮ҵĹϵģ
civil society; the civil branches of government.
᣻
Of ordinary citizens or ordinary community life as distinguished from the military or the ecclesiastical:
ƽģӻڽͨͨģ
civil authorities.
ƽȨ
Of or in accordance with organized society; civilized.
ģģ֯һµģ
Sufficiently observing or befitting accepted social usages; not rude:
òģֵػϹϵϰ׵ģ³ģ
a civil reply.See Synonyms at polite 
òĴ𸴲μ polite
Being in accordance with or denoting legally recognized divisions of time:
õģϷϵʱĻֻ֮һµģ
a civil year.

Law Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished from criminal, military, or international regulations or proceedings.
ɡ µģ񷨵ģڸ˽ȨЩȨķϳģµġµĻʵϳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin coolis} 
Դ  coolis} 
from cos [citizen] * see  kei- 1
Դ cos [] *μ kei- 1
?
civilly
adv.ʣ

= =
civilian
ci.vil.ian
AHD:[s1-v1lyn] 
D.J.[s!6v!lj*n]
K.K.[s!6v!lj*n]
n.Abbr. civ.ʣд civ.
A person following the pursuits of civil life.
ƽ񣬰գѭƽ
A specialist in Roman or civil law.
רһר
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to civilians or civil life; nonmilitary:
ƽģõģƽĻƽģǾµģ
civilian clothes; a civilian career.
ƽװƽְҵ
?
Middle English [civil law judge] 
йӢ [񷨷] 
from Old French civilien 
Դ ŷ civilien 
from civil [civil] 
Դ civil [] 
from Latin coolis} * see  civil 
Դ  coolis} *μ civil

= =
civilization
civ.i.li.za.tion
AHD:[s1v-l1-z3shn] 
D.J.[7s!v*l!6ze!.*n]
K.K.[7s!v*l!6ze.*n]
n.ʣ
An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of writing, and the appearance of 
complex political and social institutions.
֪ʶĻʷչĸ߼׶Σ־ΪͿѧϵķչֵĹ㷺ʹú͸ӵμĳ
The type of culture and society developed by a particular nation or region or in a particular epoch:
Ļ̬һضҡһضʱзչĻͣ
Mayan civilization; the civilization of ancient Rome.
ĻĻ
The act or process of civilizing or reaching a civilized state.
̻Ϊ̣ﵽ״̬
Cultural or intellectual refinement; good taste.
Ļǻ۵ţƷζ
Modern society with its conveniences:
ᣬִ᣺ʩִ᣺
returned to civilization after camping in the mountains.
ɽӪص

= =
civilize
civ.i.lize
AHD:[s1v-loz] 
D.J.[6s!v*7la!z]
K.K.[6s!v*7la!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
civ.i.lized,civ.i.liz.ing,civ.i.liz.es 
To raise from barbarism to an enlightened stage of development; bring out of a primitive or savage state.
ʹʹҰһķչ׶Σѡԭʼ׶λū׶
To educate in matters of culture and refinement; make more polished or sophisticated.
ʹţĻţʹԲ
?
civilizable
adj.ݴʣ
civilizer
n.ʣ

= =
claim
claim
AHD:[kl3m] 
D.J.[kle!m]
K.K.[klem]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
claimed,claim.ing,claims 
To demand or ask for as one's own or one's due; assert one's right to:
ţҪҪѰ󡭹ΪУάԼԡȨ
claim a reward.
ر
To take in a violent manner as if by right:
ȡߣһòƺıֶȡߣ
a hurricane that claimed two lives.
쫷
To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain:
ԣƣȷָʱŻ֣
claimed he had won the race; a candidate claiming many supporters.
Ӯ˱֧ߵĺѡ
To deserve or call for; require:
ӦõõҪҪ
problems that claim her attention.
Ӧõõע
n.ʣ
A demand for something as rightful or due.
ҪƾȨԤԼҪõĳ
A basis for demanding something; a title or right.
ҪȨҪĳĻƾ֤Ȩ
Something claimed in a formal or legal manner, especially a tract of public land staked out by a miner or homesteader.
ȨϷķʽĶĳҪָ󹤻򶨾׮Χһ鹫
A demand for payment in accordance with an insurance policy or other formal arrangement.
⣺ձյԼ⳥Ҫ
The sum of money demanded.
ҪõĽ
A statement of something as a fact; an assertion of truth:
ţĳΪʵʵ
makes no claim to be a cure.
ܶΪЧԲ
?
lay claim to
To assert one's right to or ownership of.
ֶԡȨԡȨ
?
Middle English claimen 
йӢ claimen 
from Old French clamer  claim- 
Դ ŷ clamer  claim- 
from Latin cl33re} [to call] * see  kel- 2
Դ  cl33re} [к] *μ kel- 2
?
claimable
adj.ݴʣ
claimer
n.ʣ
?
claim,pretense,pretension,title
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a legitimate or asserted right to demand something as one's rightful due: 
Щʹе˼ǡҪĳΪȨӵеһֺϷȨ 
had a strong legal claim to the property;
ԲƲǿҵĺϷҪ
makes no pretense to scholarliness;
ѧʾԾӣ
pretensions to the chairmanship unjustified in every particular;
ÿһ涼δ֤ϯ
has no title to our thanks. See also Synonyms at  demand 
ʸõǵĸл μͬ demand

= =
clamp
clamp
AHD:[kl2mp] 
D.J.[kl#mp]
K.K.[kl#mp]
n.ʣ
Any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or structural parts.
ǯκһӡץֻ֧ѹĻеṹе
Any of various tools with opposing, often adjustable sides or parts for bracing objects or holding them together.
оߣκһԵġͨɵڵı߻򲿼Ĺߣסǳһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clamped,clamp.ing,clamps 
To fasten, grip, or support with or as if with a clamp.
ǯתǯӻǯ̶ץ֧
To establish by authority; impose:
ѹƣǿӣȨǿӣ
clamped a tax on imports.
ǿ˰
?
clamp down
To become more strict or repressive; impose controls:
øǿƣǿӿƣ
clamping down on environment polluters.
ԻȾʵʩ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Dutch klampe 
Դ йź klampe 

= =
clap
clap 1
AHD:[kl2p] 
D.J.[kl#p]
K.K.[kl#p]
v.ʣ
clapped,clap.ping,claps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike the palms of the hands together with a sudden explosive sound, as in applauding.
֣ƣĻһ𲢷ͻȻı죬ںȲ
To come together suddenly with a sharp sound.
ͻȻһ𷢳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike together with a sharp sound, as one hard surface on another:
ײײһ𷢳һӲһϣ
clapped a book on the desk.
ˤ
To strike (the hands) together with an abrupt, loud sound, usually repeatedly:
ƣ֣ƣĻһ𲢷̴ٵĴ죬ͨظĻ
clapped hands in time to the music.
ʱǡʱĹ
To strike lightly but firmly with the open hand, as in greeting:
ģſصᶨĻʺУ
clapped me on the shoulder.
ҵļ
To put or place quickly and firmly:
ٶȵطã
clapped the purse snatcher in jail; clapped a lid on the box.
͵ǮͶӸǵ
To arrange hastily:
æذţ
clapped together a plan.
æһƻ
n.ʣ
The act or sound of clapping the hands.
ֵĶ
A sudden, loud, explosive sound:
¡ͻȻġı죺
a clap of thunder.

A sharp blow with the open hand; a slap.
һģһſֵ͵һһ
Obsolete A sudden stroke of fortune, especially of bad luck.
 ͻˣ˵ͻȻһָ
?
Middle English clappen 
йӢ clappen 
from Old English cl?ppan, clappian [to throb] 
Դ Ӣ cl?ppan, clappian [¶] 
and from Old Norse klappa [to clap, pat] 
Դ ˹ά klappa [Ļ] 
?
clap
clap 2
AHD:[kl2p] 
D.J.[kl#p]
K.K.[kl#p]
n.Vulgar Slang ʣ ٵ 
Gonorrhea. Often used withthe.  
ܲͨthe  
?
Probably from obsolete French clapoir [bubo] 
Դ ѷϷ clapoir [ɹ] 
from Old French clapier [brothel] 
Դ ŷ clapier [Ժ¥] 
from Old Proven?al [rabbit warren] 
Դ ˹ [ó] 
from clap [heap of stones] 
Դ clap [ʯͷ] 
[perhaps of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
clarify
clar.i.fy
AHD:[kl2r-fo] 
D.J.[6kl#r*7fa!]
K.K.[6kl#r*7fa!]
v.ʣ
clar.i.fied,clar.i.fy.ing,clar.i.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make clear or easier to understand; elucidate:
ʹ׶ϸ
clarified her intentions.
ϸ˵ͼ
To clear of confusion or uncertainty:
һɻ
clarify the mind.
뷨
To make clear by removing impurities or solid matter, as by heating gently:
ͨȥʻʹ壬ȣ
clarify butter.
ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become clear.

?
Middle English clarifien 
йӢ clarifien 
from Old French clarifier 
Դ ŷ clarifier 
from Late Latin cl33re} 
Դ  cl33re} 
Latin cl3s [clear] * see  clear 
 cl3s [] *μ clear
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹ] 
?
clarification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ
clarifier
n.ʣ

= =
clarity
clar.i.ty
AHD:[kl2r1-t?] 
D.J.[6kl#r!ti8]
K.K.[6kl#r!ti]
n.ʣ
Clearness of appearance:
峺
the clarity of the mountain air.
ɽ
Clearness of thought or style; lucidity:
˼ֱʣ͸
writes with clarity and perception.
д͸
?
Middle English clarite [brightness] 
йӢ clarite [] 
from Latin cl33s} [clearness] 
Դ  cl33s} [] 
from cl3s [clear] * see  clear 
Դ cl3s [] *μ clear

= =
clash
clash
AHD:[kl2sh] 
D.J.[kl#.]
K.K.[kl#.]
v.ʣ
clashed,clash.ing,clash.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To collide with a loud, harsh, usually metallic noise:
ײײǿҴ̶ġͨΪ
cymbals clashing.

To come into conflict; be in opposition:
ͻִ
factions that clashed on a tax increase; an eyewitness account that clashed with published reports.
ɼ˰Ϸͻ빫ıìܵĿߵı
To create an unpleasant visual impression when placed together:
Эһʱ˲Ӿӡ
colors that clash.
ɫЭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike together with a loud, harsh, metallic noise.
ײ򲢷ǿҴ̶Ľ
n.ʣ
A loud, harsh noise, such as that made by two metal objects in collision.
ײǿҴ̶ײ
A conflict, as between opposing or irreconcilable ideas.See Synonyms at discord 
ͻִͻ緢໥򲻿ɵ͵˼Ĳμ discord
An encounter between hostile forces; a battle or skirmish.
Сͻжսǳͻ
?
[Imitative] 
[] 

= =
clasp
clasp
AHD:[kl2sp] 
D.J.[kl#sp]
K.K.[kl#sp]
n.ʣ
A fastening, such as a hook or buckle, used to hold two or more objects or parts together.
۹ۻһֽ۹ۣ򲿼һ
An embrace or hug.
ӵ˫۱ֻΧ
A grip or grasp of the hand.
գץסס
A small metal bar or other device attached to the ribbon of a military decoration to indicate the action or service for which it was awarded or an additional award of the same medal.
ѫΣھ½ϵСʾýµΪͬһµĸӽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clasped,clasp.ing,clasps 
To fasten with or as if with a clasp.
ÿ۹۽ûÿ۹۽
To hold in a tight embrace.
ӵ˫۽ס
To grip firmly in or with the hand; grasp.
գץлֽգץס
?
Middle English claspe 
йӢ claspe 
probably ultimately from Old English clyppan [to grasp, hold] 
Դ Ӣ clyppan [ץסס] 

= =
class
class
AHD:[kl2s] 
D.J.[kl#s]
K.K.[kl#s]
n.Abbr. cl.ʣд cl.
A set, collection, group, or configuration containing members regarded as having certain attributes or traits in common; a kind or category.
ࣺΪĳֹͬԻصĳԱɵһȺһ׻һࣻһֻһ
A division based on quality, rank, or grade, as:
ȼײ㣺Ʒʡ׼ȼĻ֣磺
A grade of mail:
ʼȼ
a package sent third class.
ȷͰ
A quality of accommodation on public transport:
豸ĵȼͨ޵Ʒʣ
tourist class.
۹⼶
A social stratum whose members share certain economic, social, or cultural characteristics:
ײ㣬׼һΣԱйͬľáĻ
the lower-income classes.
ײ
Social rank or caste, especially high rank.
ײ㣺ȼָߵȼ
Informal Elegance of style, taste, and manner:
ʽ ߸зȣƷζ;ֹţ
an actor with class.
зȵԱ
A group of students or alumni who have the same year of graduation.
༶ͬѧһͬҵѧУѵȺ
A group of students who meet at a regularly scheduled time to study the same subject.
꼶γ̹涨ʱѧϰͬһѧƵѧȺ
The period during which such a group meets:
γ̣ϿΣȺһڼ䣺
had to stay after class.
κ
Biology A taxonomic category ranking below a phylum or division and above an order.See table at taxonomy 
ѧ ٣һַ෶룬Ż࣬Ŀμ taxonomy
Statistics An interval in a frequency distribution.
ͳѧ 飬ࣺƵֲһ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
class warfare; a class picnic.
׼༶Ұ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
classed,class.ing,class.es 
To arrange, group, or rate according to qualities or characteristics; assign to a class; classify.
࣬ȼѡʻСϻۣһ𣻷
?
French classe 
 classe 
from Latin classis [class of citizens] * see  kel- 2
Դ  classis [ײ] *μ kel- 2

= =
classic
clas.sic
AHD:[kl2s1k] 
D.J.[6kl#s!k]
K.K.[6kl#s!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Belonging to the highest rank or class.
ģһģ߼
Serving as the established model or standard:
׼ģ䷶ģΪȷģͻ׼ģ
a classic example of colonial architecture.
ֳؽһ䷶
Having lasting significance or worth; enduring.
ò˥ģģõֵģ־õ
Adhering or conforming to established standards and principles:
׼ģȷı׼ԭģ
a classic piece of research.
һݱ׼о
Of a well-known type; typical:
͵ģߴԵģ֪͵ģ͵ģ
a classic mistake.
͵Ĵ
Abbr. class.Of or characteristic of the literature, art, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome; classical.
д class.ģйϣ͹ѧĻģ
Formal, refined, and restrained in style.
нģģʽºͿƵ
Simple and harmonious; elegant:
ŵģµģֺгģŵģ
the classic cut of a suit; the classic lines of a clipper ship.
һȳƵ·ٷ
Having historical or literary associations:
ʷѧϵģ
classic battlefields of the Civil War.
սսż
n.ʣ
An artist, author, or work generally considered to be of the highest rank or excellence, especially one of enduring significance.
ĺңƷˮƽĻҡҺƷָг־
A work recognized as definitive in its field.
ĳȨ
A literary work of ancient Greece or Rome.
ŵѧϣѧƷ
classics The languages and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. Used withthe.  
 classics ԣѧϣ͹Ժѧthe  
One that is of the highest rank or class:
Ʒ߼һ
The car was a classic of automotive design.
ǵһԶƵĲƷ
A typical or traditional example.
͵Ļͳ
Informal A superior or unusual example of its kind:
ʽ ܳͬĻѰİ
The reason he gave for being late was a classic.
ĳٵĲѰ
A traditional event, especially a major sporting event that is held annually:
Ĵͳ¼شͳ¼ָÿ궼еҪ£
a golf classic.
߶Ⱦ

= =
classical
clas.si.cal
AHD:[kl2s1-kl] 
D.J.[6kl#s!k*l]
K.K.[6kl#s!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. class.
д class.
Of or relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially their art, architecture, and literature.
ϣģϣ͹ģйصģָѧ
Conforming to the artistic and literary models of ancient Greece and Rome.
ŵģϹϣ͹ѧģʽ
Versed in the classics:
ͨڹŵѧģ
a classical scholar.
ŵѧ
Of or relating to the most artistically developed stage of a civilization:
ŵζģһչɾߵĽ׶εģ
Chinese classical poetry.
йŵʫ
Abbr. class.Music 
д class.֡ 
Of or relating to European music during the latter half of the 18th and the early 19th centuries:
ŷֵģ18ͺҶ19֮ŷֵģ
a classical work by Mozart.
ĪصĹŵƷ
Of or relating to music in the educated European tradition, such as symphony and opera, as opposed to popular or folk music.
ֵģŵֵģŷнϲᴫͳֵģ罻ֺ͸磬ֻ
Of, relating to, or being a variety of a language that is epitomized by a prestigious body of literature.
淶ģΪȨΪ׼һԵĶ෽
Standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental:
ģȨģ׼ĻȨԵĶµĻʵԵģ
classical methods of navigation.
еı׼ʽ
Well-known; classic:
ģõģ
the classical argument between free trade and protectionism.
ó׺ͱ֮õ
Of or relating to nonrelativistic or nonquantum physics:
ģģģ
classical mechanics.
ӻеѧ
Relating to or consisting of studies in the humanities and general sciences:
ĿƵģĿѧģڻĿѧͨѧѧϰģ
a classical curriculum.
Ŀƿγ
?
classicality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?]   classi.cal.ness ʣ
classically
adv.ʣ

= =
classification
clas.si.fi.ca.tion
AHD:[kl2s-f1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7kl#s*f!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7kl#s*f!6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. cl.,class.ʣд cl.,class.
The act or result of classifying.
ࣺΪ
A category or class.
ȼ
Biology The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationships between them; taxonomy.
ѧ ѧϵṹϵϵͳѧ
?
classificatorily
AHD:[kl2s-f1-k-t?r-l?, -t?r-, kl-s1f1-] ʣ
classificatory
AHD:[kl2s-f1-k-t?r?, -t?r?, kl-s1f1-, kl2s-f1-k3t-r?] ݴʣ

= =
classify
clas.si.fy
AHD:[kl2s-fo] 
D.J.[6kl#s*7fa!]
K.K.[6kl#s*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clas.si.fied,clas.si.fy.ing,clas.si.fies 
To arrange or organize according to class or category.
ࣺȼ֯
To designate (a document, for example) as confidential, secret, or top secret.
ָܼļΪܡܻܵ
?
classifiable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
classmate
class.mate
AHD:[kl2sm3t] 
D.J.[6kl#s7me!t]
K.K.[6kl#s7met]
n.ʣ
A member of the same class at school.
ͬͬѧѧУͬһ༶ĳԱ

= =
classroom
class.room
AHD:[kl2sr?m, -r?m] 
D.J.[6kl#s7ru8m, -7r&m]
K.K.[6kl#s7rum, -7r&m]
n.ʣ
A room or place especially in a school in which classes are conducted:
ңָѧУа༶ָķط
a second-floor classroom; an outdoor classroom.
һ¥ң
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ãһʣ
classroom teachers; classroom instruction.
ýʦָ

= =
clause
clause
AHD:[kl?z] 
D.J.[kl%8z]
K.K.[kl%z]
n.Abbr. cl.ʣд cl.
Grammar A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming part of a compound or complex sentence.
﷨ Ӿ䣬־䣬Ӿ䣺һһνһʣ˸ϴʻ򸴺Ͼһ
A distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document.
ļȷԼ涨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin clausa [close of a rhetorical period] 
Դ  clausa [һ޴ǲֵĽ] 
from feminine of Latin clausus [past participle of] claudere [to close] 
Դ  claususԴ  [] claudereĹȥִ [] 
?
clausal
AHD:[kl?zl] ݴʣ

= =
claw
claw
AHD:[kl?] 
D.J.[kl%8]
K.K.[kl%]
n.ʣ
A sharp, curved nail on the toe of a mammal, reptile, or bird.
צ鶯жֺϵļָ
A chela or similar pincerlike structure on the end of a limb of a crustacean or other arthropod.
ǯ׿ද֫֫˵Ƶǯ״
A limb terminating in such a structure.
ĩֹ֫
Something, such as the cleft end of a hammerhead, that resembles a claw.
צߣצĶ紸ͷġV״ĩ
Botany The narrowed, stalklike basal part of certain petals or sepals.
ֲѧ צĳЩƬ״Ļ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
clawed,claw.ing,claws 
To scratch, dig, tear, or pull with or as if with claws.
ץڡ˺ûצȥץڡ˺
?
Middle English clawe 
йӢ clawe 
from Old English clawu 
Դ Ӣ clawu 
?
clawed
adj.ݴʣ

= =
clay
clay
AHD:[kl3] 
D.J.[kle!]
K.K.[kle]
n.ʣ
A fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and 
pottery.
ճһĥϸġ̵ʲϣʪʱǿܵĶʱӲҪɺɣ㷺שߺʹ
A hardening or nonhardening material having a consistency similar to clay and used for modeling.
ģճճɷӲӲʣģ
Geology A sedimentary material with grains smaller than 0.002 millimeters in diameter.
ѧ ճֱС0.002׵ĳ
Moist, sticky earth; mud.
ࣺʪճ
The human body as opposed to the spirit.
壺ھ˵
?
Middle English clei 
йӢ clei 
from Old English cl?g 
Դ Ӣ cl?g 
?
clayey
AHD:[kl3?]   clayish ݴʣ
?
Clay
Clay 1
AHD:[kl3] Cassius Marcellus (1810-1903) 
D.J.[kle!]
K.K.[kle]
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist and public official who was minister to Russia (1861-1862 and 1863-1869).
ף˹³˹(1810-1903) ūߡ⽻٣פʹ1861-18621863-1869꣩
?
Clay
Clay 2
AHD:[kl3] Cassius Marcellus 
D.J.[kle!]
K.K.[kle]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Muhammad Ali 
μ  ºĬ Ali
?
Clay
ClayHenry  Known as the Great Compromiser.(1777-1852)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician who pushed the Missouri Compromise through the U.S. House of Representatives (1820) in an effort to reconcile free and slave states.
ף(1777-1852) μңƶЭԺͨ1820꣩Ŭʹūݺͽ
?
Clay
ClayLucius DuBignon (1897-1978)
NONE޴ԣ
American army officer who commanded U.S. forces in Germany (1945-1949) and oversaw the Berlin airlift (1948).
ף¬˹ű˸ŵ(1897-1978) ٣ָפӣ1945-1949ֿ꣩ܰˣ1948꣩

= =
clean
clean
AHD:[kl?n] 
D.J.[kli8n]
K.K.[klin]
adj.ݴʣ
clean.er,clean.est 
Free from dirt, stain, or impurities; unsoiled.
ɾģ޻ҳۼʵģδȾ
Free from foreign matter or pollution; unadulterated:
ģʻȾģٵģ
clean air; clean drinking water.
Ŀˮ
Not infected:
δܸȾģ
a clean wound.
δܸȾ˿
Producing relatively little pollution:
ģȾģ˵Ⱦģ
a clean fuel; a cleaner, more efficient engine.
ȾȼͣȾЧܸߵ
Producing relatively little radioactive fallout or contamination:
޷ԳģȾԴģ˵䳾ȾԴģ
a clean nuclear bomb.
޷Գԭӵ
Having no imperfections or blemishes; regular:
ģ覴õģûȱݻۼģģ
a clean, straight line.
һֱ
Free from clumsiness; deft; adroit:
ɾģɵģ׾ģģģ
a clean throw.
ɾһ
Devoid of restrictions or encumbrances:
ûƻ۵ģ
a clean bill of health.
޲Ľ֤
Thorough; complete:
ȫģ׵ģ
a clean getaway.
ӵӰ
Having few alterations or corrections; legible:
ģ׶ģûнĵģɶģ
clean manuscript.
ָ
Blank:
հ׵ģ
a clean page.
һſհҳ
Morally pure; virtuous:
Ľྻģϴģģ
led a clean life.
׵
Having no marks of discredit or offense:
޲¼ģûвΪļ¼ģ
a clean voting record.
޲ѡټ¼
Fit for all readers, listeners, or audiences; not ribald or obscene:
ɫģԸɾģжߡڻڶʺϵģģ
a clean joke.
ɫЦ
Honest or fair:
ʵģģ
a clean fighter; a clean competition.
ʵսʿƽ
Slang 
ٵ 
Not carrying concealed weapons or drugs.
ûЯƷ
Free from narcotics addiction.
޶ģûгƷ
Innocent of a suspected crime.
ģܵɵķΪ޹
adv.ʣ
cleaner,cleanest 
So as to be unsoiled:
ɾأﵽĿĵأ
wash the dishes clean.
ϴɾ
In a fair manner:
ùƽʽ
played the game clean.
ƽؽб
In a clean or nonpolluting manner:
أȾأýྻĻȾķʽ
a fuel that burns clean.
ȼȾȼ
Informal Entirely; wholly:
ʽ ȫأȫأ
clean forgot the appointment.
ȫԼ
v.ʣ
cleaned,clean.ing,cleans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rid of dirt, rubbish, or impurities:
Ūɾȥҳʣ
clean a room; clean a suit.
䣻ϴ
To get rid of (impurities or dirt, for example); remove:
ȥʻҳߣ
cleaned up the trash; cleaned off the stains.

To prepare (fowl or other food) for cooking, as by removing the entrails or fat.
ϴΪ⿣ݻʳ׼֬
To remove the contents from; empty:
ӡʹգ
cleaned my plate.
ҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo or perform an act of cleaning.
ɨȥΪ
?
clean out
To rid of dirt, rubbish, or impurities.
ɨȥ
To empty of contents or occupants.
ʹճȥס
Informal To drive or force out:
ʽ ϻǿ뿪
cleaned out the incompetent workers.
ְĹɨس
Slang To deprive completely of money or material wealth:
ٵ ϴ٣ȫǮƻʲƸ
The robbery cleaned us out.
ǿϴһ
clean up
To make clean or orderly.
ʹ
To make oneself clean, neat, or presentable.
ݣʹԼࡢ
To dispose of; settle:
ã
cleaned up the unpaid bills.
δ˵
Slang To make a large profit, often in a short period of time:
ٵ ׬Ǯƣþ޴棬ָͨںܶһʱڣ
cleaned up during the bull market.
ţʱñ
?
clean houseٵ
To eliminate or discard what is undesirable:
Ż˲õĶ
The scandal forced the company to clean house.
ʹ˾Ż
?
Middle English clene 
йӢ clene 
from Old English cl?e 
Դ Ӣ cl?e 
?
cleanable
adj.ݴʣ
cleanness
n.ʣ
?
clean,antiseptic,cleanly,immaculate,spotless
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is free from dirt: 
ЩݴʹеΪ볾ġ 
clean clothing;
ϴ·
antiseptic surgical instruments;
е
cats, cleanly animals;
èǰĶ
an immaculate tablecloth;
һյ
spotless gloves. dirty 
۵ dirty

= =
clear
clear
AHD:[kl?r] 
D.J.[kl!*]
K.K.[kl!r]
adj.ݴʣ
clear.er,clear.est 
Free from clouds, mist, or haze:
ʵģƵġĻ޻ҳģ
a clear day.
һ
Free from what dims, obscures, or darkens; unclouded:
峺ģģģ򲻺ڰģʵģ
clear water; bright, clear colors.
峺ˮɫ
Free from flaw, blemish, or impurity:
ȱݣۼʵģ
a clear, perfect diamond; a clear record with the police.
ϾʯǰƵľ¼
Free from impediment, obstruction, or hindrance; open:
ͨģģ谭ϰģͨģ
a clear view; a clear path to victory.
谭Ұͨʤĳͨĵ·
Plain or evident to the mind; unmistakable:
аյģȷŵģԿԿģܴģ
a clear case of cheating.
һ׮Եթƭ
Easily perceptible to the eye or ear; distinct.
ģģΪ۾֪ģ
Discerning or perceiving easily; keen:
ױģģ
a clear mind.
ͷ
Free from doubt or confusion; certain.
ɵģȷģûʻģȷ
Free from qualification or limitation; absolute:
Եģ޵ģԵģ
a clear winner.
õȫʤӮ
Free from guilt; untroubled:
ģǵģ
a clear conscience.

Having been freed from contact, proximity, or connection:
޹صģģӴڽϵģ
At last we were clear of the danger. The ship was clear of the reef.
Σաûд
Free from charges or deductions; net:
õģģ֧۳ģֵģ
a clear profit.

Containing nothing.
տģûж
adv.ʣ
Distinctly; clearly:
أأ
spoke loud and clear.
˵
Out of the way; completely away:
Ӵأȫ뿪أ
stood clear of the doors.
ԶЩվ
Informal All the way; completely:
ʽ ȫأ׵أ
slept clear through the night; read the book clear to the end.
˯һҹͷβȫ
v.ʣ
cleared,clear.ing,clears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make light, clear, or bright.
ʹʹʹ
To rid of impurities, blemishes, muddiness, or foreign matter.
ʹȥʡա
To free from confusion, doubt, or ambiguity; make plain or intelligible:
ʹȷʹʣȥʻģɣʹ׻ʹ׶
cleared up the question of responsibility.
ʹʻ
To rid of objects or obstructions:
ȥϰ
clear the table; clear the road of debris.
ʰӣ·ϵķ
To make (a way or clearing) by removing obstructions:
ϰͨȥϰ죨·տأ
clear a path through the jungle.
һֵ·
To remove (objects or obstructions):
壺ߣϰ
clear the dishes; clear snow from the road.
ӣ·ϵĻѩ
To remove the occupants of:
峡ȥռ״̬
clear the theater.
Ժ峡
To remove (people):
ˣ֧
clear the children from the room.
Ѷͯ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
To rid (a memory or buffer, for example) of instructions or data.
㣺磬ڴ򻺳ָ
To remove (instructions or data) from a memory.
㣺ڴаѣָݣ
To free from a legal charge or imputation of guilt; acquit:
ͣɣ뷨ϵָػʵ
cleared the suspect of the murder charge.
ıɱָص
To pass by, under, or over without contact:
ͨԽӴ
The boat cleared the dock.
Сʻͷ
To settle (a debt).
峥ծ
To gain (a given amount) as net profit or earnings.
ã
To pass (a bill of exchange, such as a check) through a clearing-house.
ʣͨƱݽݣƱݣ֧Ʊ
To secure the approval of:
á֧֣
The bill cleared the Senate.
÷ڲԺ֧
To authorize or approve:
Ȩ׼
cleared the material for publication.
˲ϳȨ
To free (a ship or cargo) from legal detention at a harbor by fulfilling customs and harbor requirements.
أͨ㺣غ͸ۿڵҪʹڸۿڵĺϷ
To give clearance or authorization to:
ɣ֤Ȩ
cleared the plane to land.
ɷɻ½
To free (the throat) of phlegm by making a rasping sound.
̵ʹ̵루
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become clear:
磺
The sky cleared.
շ
To go away; disappear:
뿪ʧ
The fog cleared.
ɢ
To exchange checks and bills or settle accounts through a clearing-house.
ƱݽͨƱݽ֧ƱƱĿ
To pass through the banking system and be debited and credited to the relevant accounts:
ͨڻͨϵͳ跽ʹӦĿ
The check cleared.
֧Ʊ
To comply with customs and harbor requirements in discharging a cargo or in leaving or entering a port.
жۿʱպغ͸ۿڵҪ
n.ʣ
A clear or open space.
϶տ򿪷ŵĿռ
?
clear out ʽ
To leave a place, usually quickly.
뿪߿뿪һطͨٵ
?
clear the air
To dispel differences or emotional tensions.
ϵĽ
in the clear
Free from burdens or dangers.
޸ĻΣյ
Not subject to suspicion or accusations of guilt:
ģɵģɱɻ򱻿
The evidence showed that the suspect was in the clear.
֤ݱɷ
?
Middle English cler 
йӢ cler 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cl3s [clear, bright] * see  kel- 2
Դ  cl3s [ʵģ] *μ kel- 2
?
clearable
adj.ݴʣ
clearer
n.ʣ
clearly
adv.ʣ
clearness
n.ʣ
?
clear,limpid,lucid,pellucid,transparent
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not opaque or clouded: 
Щݴʹеǡģ򲻺ġ 
clear, sediment-free claret;
޳ĺƣ
limpid blue eyes;
峺۾
lucid air;
Ŀ
a pellucid brook;
СϪ
transparent crystal. See also Synonyms at  apparent opaque 
͸ μͬ apparentopaque

= =
clearance
clear.ance
AHD:[kl?rns] 
D.J.[6kl!*r*ns]
K.K.[6kl!r*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or process of clearing.
࣬ɨΪ
A space cleared; a clearing.
Ŀռ䣻ľĿտ
Abbr. cl.
д cl.
The amount of space or distance by which a moving object clears something.
ƶĳĿռĴС
The height or width of a passage:
գ϶ͨĸ߶Ȼȣ
an underpass with a 13-foot clearance.
13Ӣ߾յĸ߼ͨ
An intervening space or distance allowing free play, as between machine parts.
϶϶˶Ŀռ룬ڻ֮
Permission for an aircraft, ship, or other vehicle to proceed, as after an inspection of equipment or cargo or during certain traffic conditions.
أ׼ͨУ÷ɻִͨ乤߼ǰɣ羭豸ͻļضĽͨ״
Official certification of blamelessness, trustworthiness, or suitability.
֤飺޹ʧɿְĹٷ֤
A sale, generally at reduced prices, to dispose of old merchandise.
ִɻۣͨͼ۸
Abbr. cl.The passage of checks and other bills of exchange through a clearing-house.
д cl.ƱݽͨƱݽ֧ƱݻʵĽ
Physiology 
ѧ 
The removal by the kidneys of a substance from blood plasma.
ѪһʵƳ
Renal clearance.


= =
clerk
clerk
AHD:[kl?rk] ӢʽӢ [kl?rk] 
D.J.[klT8k]ӢʽӢ [kl$8k]
K.K.[klPk]ӢʽӢ [kl$rk]
n.Abbr. clk.ʣд clk.
A person who works in an office performing such tasks as keeping records, attending to correspondence, or filing.
ְԱڰ칫ҹԱ籣ܵ¼ͨϵ鵵ȹ
A person who keeps the records and performs the regular business of a court or legislative body.
Աܵ¼·ͥճ
Law A law clerk, as for a judge.
ɡ 飬ְԱΪһٹ
A person who works at a sales counter or service desk, as at a store or hotel.
Ա۹̨ѯˣ̵ù
A cleric.
ʿ
Archaic A scholar.
 ѧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
clerked,clerk.ing,clerks 
To work or serve as a clerk:
λΪԱ
clerked in a store; clerks for a judge.
̵Աη
?
Middle English [clergyman, secretary] 
йӢ [ʿ] 
from Old English clerc 
Դ Ӣ clerc 
Old French clerc [clergyman] 
ŷ clerc [ʿ] 
both from Late Latin cl?s 
Դ  cl?s 
from Greek kl?s [belonging to the clergy] 
Դ ϣ kl?s [ְԱ] 
from kl?s [inheritance, lot] 
Դ kl?s [Ų] 
?
clerkdom
n.ʣ
clerkship
n.ʣ

= =
clever
clev.er
AHD:[klvr] 
D.J.[6klev*]
K.K.[6klWv+]
adj.ݴʣ
clev.er.er,clev.er.est 
Mentally quick and original; bright.
ģģ˼άдԵģ
Nimble with the hands or body; dexterous.
ģֻݵģ
Exhibiting quick-wittedness:
ǵģģֿٻǵģ
a clever story.
ǵĹ
New England Easily managed; docile:
Ӣ ˳ģģڹģѱ˳ģ
Oxen must be pretty clever to be bossed around the way they are(Dialect Notes)
ţҪѱָܽӡ(ע)
New England Affable but not especially smart.
Ӣ º͵ģƵر
Chiefly Southern U.S. Good-natured; amiable.See Regional Note at ugly 
ϲ ˳ģõģƵĲμ ugly
?
Middle English cliver ; akin to  East Frisian klifer, klfer 
йӢ cliver   ˹ klifer, klfer 
perhaps from kl?n [to gnaw apart, work assiduously] 
Դ kl?n [ҧ] 
[of Low German origin] ; akin to  Old Saxon klioban [to split, cleave] * see  gleubh- 
[Դն]   ѷ klioban [ѿͨ] *μ gleubh- 
?
cleverly
adv.ʣ
cleverness
n.ʣ
?
clever,ingenious,shrewd
These adjectives are compared as they refer to mental adroitness or to practical ingenuity and skill.
ЩݴڱʾĵػʵʵĶԺ
 Clever,   the most comprehensive,stresses mental quickness or adeptness: 
 Clever  ģǿӦѸٻӦǿ 
If I ever felt inclined to be timid as I was going into a room full of people,I would say to myself,You're the cleverest member of one of the cleverest families in the cleverest class of 
the cleverest nation in the world,why should you be frightened?  (Beatrice Webb).
 һҽ˵ķеʱҾͻԼ˵ ҵײͥԱΪʲôᱻأ Ȱ˹Τ

 Ingenious   implies originality and inventiveness: 
 Ingenious  ʾддԣ 
an ingenious solution to the storage problem  (Linda Greider).
 Ĵ԰취 ִٵ£
 Shrewd   emphasizes mental astuteness and practical understanding: 
 Shrewd  ǿʵ 
a woman of shrewd intellect and masculine character  (Leslie Stephen).
 оĲǼŵĸŮ ˹˹ٷң
?
In the 17th and 18th centuries,in addition to its basic sense of able to use the brain readily and effectively, the wordclever  acquired a constellation of imprecise but generally 
positive senses in regional British speech: clean-limbed and handsome, neat and convenient to use, and of an agreeable disposition.Some of these British regional 
senses, brought over when America was colonized,are still found in American regional speech,as in the South, whereclever  can mean good-natured, amiable, in old-fashioned 
speech. The speech of New England extends the meaning good-natured to animalsin the specific sense of easily managed, docile.Perhaps it was the association with animals 
that gave rise to another meaning, affable but not especially smart,applicable to people when used in old-fashioned New England dialects.
1718ʱclever һʳ塰ܹɡЧԡ⣬Ӣод׼ȷȷĺ壬 ȳӢΡұʹá
ĸԡӢеһֳֺͳʱȻɼϲľʽУclever ԱʾƢõġͰġ Ӣ
԰ѡƢõġ˼չʾڹġѱġض塣붯йضһ塰ƵرĲʹþʽӢ
Ե
?
Being too clever is thought to be unwise,and support for this popular notion may be afforded by the fact that the devil seems to have been the first clever one in English.The source 
of our wordclever  is probably the Middle English word cliver,  recorded only once in a work written before 1250,in which it is said that the devil is cliver on sinnes.This means 
something like skillful in respect to sins.Cliver  probably goes back to the Indo-European root gleubh-,  to cut, cleave. Although the intermediate ancestry ofcliver  is unclear, 
the semantic connection has to do with penetration or incisivenessthat is, cutting through to the heart of the matter,just as a woodcarver cuts through material in order to realize a 
certain vision.
̫Ϊ޴ģӢħΪǵһġһʵһձ֤clever ĴԴӢﵥ cliver , һ1250ǰдг
ֹһΣ˵ħڷ﷽ܴЩڡڷ﷽б¡Cliver ׷ݵӡŷʸ gleubh- С Ȼcliver нԴв 
ϵ϶봩͸͸й--͸ıʣľ˽ڲ

= =
client
cli.ent
AHD:[klont] 
D.J.[6kla!*nt]
K.K.[6kla!*nt]
n.ʣ
The party for which professional services are rendered, as by an attorney.
ˣίˣһṩרҵͨ
A customer or patron:
˿ͣˣ˿ͻˣ
clients of the hotel.
Ŀ
A person using the services of a social services agency.
ʹ
One that depends on the protection of another.
˱ӻߣ˱֮
A client state.
ӹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cli?s  client- [dependent, follower] * see  klei- 
Դ  cli?s  client- [ģ׷] *μ klei- 
?
clientage
AHD:[-n-t1j] ʣ
cliental
AHD:[klo-ntl, klon-] ݴʣ

= =
cliff
cliff
AHD:[kl1f] 
D.J.[kl!f]
K.K.[kl!f]
n.ʣ
A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock.
£ͱڣʯʵġ͵Ļһ
?
Middle English clif 
йӢ clif 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
cliffy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
climate
cli.mate
AHD:[klom1t] 
D.J.[6kla!m!t]
K.K.[6kla!m!t]
n.ʣ
The meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and wind, that characteristically prevail in a particular region.
򣺰¶ȡȵĳһرشռ
A region of the earth having particular meteorological conditions:
شĵش
lives in a cold climate.
סںش
A prevailing condition or set of attitudes in human affairs:
գҪλһϵм⣺
a climate of unrest.

?
Middle English climat 
йӢ climat 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin cloa  clomat- 
Դ  cloa  clomat- 
from Greek klima [surface of the earth, region] * see  klei- 
Դ ϣ klima [棬ش] *μ klei- 

= =
climax
cli.max
AHD:[klom2ks] 
D.J.[6kla!7m#ks]
K.K.[6kla!7m#ks]
n.ʣ
The point of greatest intensity or force in an ascending series or progression; a culmination.See Synonyms at summit 
㣬ߵ㣺лдﵽǿȻμ summit
A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.
ڲǿ޴Ȼǿʹõһϵгͷ
The final statement in such a series.
߸񣺲һ
A moment of great or culminating intensity in a narrative or drama, especially the conclusion of a crisis.
߳ĻϷеǿȵʱָ̣Σʱ
The turning point in a plot or dramatic action.
ת۵㣺ıϷ绯ת۵
See  orgasm 
μ  orgasm 
A stage in ecological development in which a community of organisms, especially plants, is stable and capable of perpetuating itself.Also called  climax community 
Ⱥ䣬涥̬չһ׶Σڴ˽׶һȺл壨ֲָܱȶҲ  climax community
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
cli.maxed,cli.max.ing,cli.max.es 
To bring to or reach a climax.
ʹﵽ߳
?
Latin clox [rhetorical climax] 
 clox [Ķ] 
from Greek klimax [ladder] * see  klei- 
Դ ϣ klimax [] *μ klei- 

= =
climb
climb
AHD:[klom] 
D.J.[kla!m]
K.K.[kla!m]
v.ʣ
climbed,climb.ing,climbs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move upward on or mount, especially by using the hands and feet or the feet alone; ascend:
ʵǣƶʣָֽŲûֻýţ
climb a mountain; climbed the stairs.
ɽ¥
To grow in an upward direction on or over:
Եϵķ
ivy climbing the walls.
Եǽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move oneself upward, especially by using the hands and feet.
ʵǣʹԼƶָֽŲ
To rise slowly, steadily, or effortfully; ascend.See Synonyms at rise 
ءȵػŬμ rise
To move in a specified direction by using the hands and feet:
ֺͽضķƶ
climbed down the ladder; climbed out the window.
ӣ
To slant or slope upward:
б
The road climbs steeply to the top.
·ԽԽɽ
To engage in the activity or sport of mountain climbing.
μɽɽ˶
To grow in an upward direction, as some plants do, often by means of twining stems or tendrils.
ԮϣϵķĳЩֲͨԲƾɻԮ
n.ʣ
An act of climbing; an ascent:
ʵǣж
a long, exhausting climb to the top.
ġʹ˾ƣͨ򶥷ʵ
A place to be climbed:
ʵǵĵط
The face of the cliff was a steep climb.
ͱվʵ֮
?
Middle English climben 
йӢ climben 
from Old English climban 
Դ Ӣ climban 
?
climbable
AHD:[klom-bl] ݴʣ

= =
cling
cling
AHD:[kl1ng] 
D.J.[kl!0]
K.K.[kl!0]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
clung[kl?ng] cling.ing,clings 
To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining:
գճţץסճĳϣͨץճƵķʽ
clung to the rope to keep from falling; fabrics that cling to the body.
ץԷ£·
To remain close; resist separation:
׽ֹֿ
We clung together in the storm.
ǽ
To remain emotionally attached; hold on:
֣ϵϵ֣
clinging to outdated customs.
īس¹
n.Botany ʣֲѧ 
A clingstone.
ճ
?
Middle English clingen 
йӢ clingen 
from Old English clingan 
Դ Ӣ clingan 
?
clinger
n.ʣ
clingy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
clinic
clin.ic
AHD:[kl1n1k] 
D.J.[6kl!n!k]
K.K.[6kl!n!k]
n.ʣ
A facility, often associated with a hospital or medical school, that is devoted to the diagnosis and care of outpatients.
ͨҽԺҽѧԺйصϼﲡ
A medical establishment run by several specialists working in cooperation and sharing the same facilities.
ҽģרҹͬͬʹͬһʩҽƻ
A group session offering counsel or instruction in a particular field or activity:
ϰѵࣺĳһжṩҸָһϵл飺
a vocational clinic; a tennis clinic.
ְѵģѧ
A seminar or meeting of physicians and medical students in which medical instruction is conducted in the presence of the patient, as at the bedside.
ٴѧҽҽѧμӵֻѧ飬Բ˵ٴҽָ
A place where such instruction occurs.
ٴִ÷ĵط
A class or lecture of medical instruction conducted in this manner.
ٴΣַʽеҽָλ
?
French clinique 
 clinique 
from Greek klinik??)} [clinical (method)] [feminine of] klinikos 
Դ ϣ klinik??)} [ٴģ]  [] klinikosԴ 
from klin?} [couch, bed] * see  klei- 
Դ klin?} [ɳΣ] *μ klei- 

= =
clip
clip 1
AHD:[kl1p] 
D.J.[kl!p]
K.K.[kl!p]
v.ʣ
clipped,clip.ping,clips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut, cut off, or cut out with or as if with shears:
ϣûü
clip coupons; clipped three seconds off the record.
ƱӼ¼м
To make shorter by cutting; trim:
޼ʹ̣ͨʹ̣޼
clip a hedge.
޼
To cut off the edge of:
ȡı߶ˣ
clip a coin.
ٻӲҵıԵ
To cut short; curtail.
ض̣
To shorten (a word or words) by leaving out letters or syllables.
ʡԣԣͨȥĸ̣ʣ
To enunciate with clarity and precision:
ȷط
clip one's words.
˵һһ
Informal To hit with a sharp blow:
ʽ ʹػػ
clipped me under the eye.
ͻҵ۾
Slang To cheat, swindle, or rob.
ٵ ƭթƭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cut something.
£޼
Informal To move rapidly.
ʽ ɶ
n.ʣ
The act of clipping.
޼Ķ
Something clipped off, especially:
µĶָ
The wool shorn at one shearing, as of sheep.
һμµë
A season's shearing.
һµë
A short extract from a film or videotape.
ӵӰƬ¼Ƭ
Informal A quick, sharp blow:
ʽ ͻҵһ
a clip on the ear.
һҵĶ
Informal A pace or rate:
ʽ ࣺ
go at a fast clip.
첽
A single occasion; a time:
һΣ
could write nine pages at a clip.
һοдҳ
clips A pair of shears or clippers.
 clips 
?
Middle English clippen 
йӢ clippen 
from Old Norse klippa 
Դ ˹ά klippa 
?
clip
clip 2
AHD:[kl1p] 
D.J.[kl!p]
K.K.[kl!p]
n.ʣ
Any of various devices for gripping or holding things together; a clasp or fastener.
ӣ۹һְƷһ豸ӻ۹
A piece of jewelry that fastens with a clasp or clip; a brooch.
룺üӻ̶һΣ
A cartridge clip.
ӵ
Football An act of clipping.
 ˷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clipped,clip.ping,clips 
To fasten with or as if with a clip; hold tightly.
Σнûüӹ̶ץס
Football To block (an opponent who is not carrying the ball) illegally from the rear.
 ˷棺ӣδĶԷԱǷײ
Archaic To embrace or encompass.
 ӵΧ
?
Middle English [hook] 
йӢ [] 
from clippen [to clasp, embrace] 
Դ clippen [ӵ] 
from Old English clyppan 
Դ Ӣ clyppan 

= =
cloak
cloak
AHD:[kl?k] 
D.J.[kl*&k]
K.K.[klok]
n.ʣ
A loose outer garment, such as a cape.
磬һֿɵ£綷
Something that covers or conceals:
ڸǻڲõĳ
a cloak of secrecy.
ܵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cloaked,cloak.ing,cloaks 
To cover or conceal with or as if with a cloak.See Synonyms at clothe See Synonyms at disguise See Synonyms at hide 1
ڲأΣûڸ︲ǻڲزμ clotheμ disguiseμ hide1
?
Middle English cloke 
йӢ cloke 
from Old North French cloque [cloak, bell (from its shape)] 
Դ ŷ cloque [磬壨ε] 
from Medieval Latin clocca * see  clock 1
Դ  clocca *μ clock1

= =
clock
clock 1
AHD:[kl?k] 
D.J.[klKk]
K.K.[kl$k]
n.ʣ
An instrument other than a watch for measuring or indicating time, especially a mechanical or electronic device having a numbered dial and moving hands or a digital display.
ǱӣʱĲָʾʱõָһֱ̡ƶָʾĻе
A time clock.
ʱ
A source of regularly occurring pulses used to measure the passage of time, as in a computer.
ʱʱ壺йɵʾһڲʱ䣬ڼ
Any of various devices that indicate measurement, such as a speedometer or a taximeter.
ƳһʾƳ
Botany The downy flower head of a dandelion that has gone to seed.
ֲѧ ѹӢëѹӢĳ׵ĻͷɢԲ
v.ʣ
clocked,clock.ing,clocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To time, as with a stopwatch:
ʱʱ
clock a runner.
Ϊܲ߼ʱ
To register or record with a mechanical device:
¼ʱ٣ûе豸Ǽǻ¼
clocked the winds at 60 miles per hour.
÷ΪÿСʱʮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To record working hours with a time clock:
򿨣ʱ䣺ʱӼ¼ʱ䣺
clocks in at 8a.m.  and out at 4 p.m.  
 8ϰ࣬  4° 
?
clean (someone's) clockٵ
To beat or defeat decisively:
״ܻܣ
Immense linemen declared their intentions to clean the clocks of opposing players(Russell Baker)
ǰԱҪŬ״ܶ֡(Ϳ)
?
Middle English clokke 
йӢ clokke 
from Old North French cloque [bell] 
Դ ŷ cloque [] 
or from Middle Dutch clocke [bell, clock] 
Դ йź clocke [ӣʱ] 
both from Medieval Latin clocca [of imitative origin] 
Դ  clocca [ģԴ] 
?
clocker
n.ʣ
?
clock
clock 2
AHD:[kl?k] 
D.J.[klKk]
K.K.[kl$k]
n.ʣ
An embroidered or woven decoration on the side of a stocking or sock.
廨߻Ӳߵ֯λڳһĴ֯װͼ
?
Perhaps from clock 1[bell (obsolete), from its original bell-shaped appearance] 
Դ clock1[ӣԴͼ] 

= =
clockwise
clock.wise
AHD:[kl?kwoz] 
D.J.[6klKk7wa!z]
K.K.[6kl$k7wa!z]
adv.ʣ
adj.Abbr. cw.ݴʣд cw.
In the same direction as the rotating hands of a clock.
˳ʱģӵָתһµ

= =
close
close
AHD:[kl?s] 
D.J.[kl*&s]
K.K.[klos]
adj.ݴʣ
clos.er,clos.est 
Being near in space or time.
ӽģʱռӽ
Being near in relationship:
׽ģϵеģ
close relatives.

Bound by mutual interests, loyalties, or affections; intimate:
ܵģ׽ģͬȤ򰮺ϵܵģ
close friends.

Having little or no space between elements or parts; tight and compact:
ܵģڸԪػ֮ûл򼸺ûпռ䣻ĺͽܵģ
a close weave.
ϸ֯
Being near the surface; short:
̵ģӽģ̵ģ
a close haircut.
̷
Being on the brink of:
λڡԵģ
close to tears.
Ҫ
Decided by a narrow margin; almost even:
ƾеģΪСģ൱ģ
a close election.
ƾеѡ
Faithful to the original:
ʵԭģ
a close copy.
ĸƷ
Rigorous; thorough:
еģȫģ
close attention; close supervision.
ע⣻ϸල
Shut; closed.
رյģյ
Shut in; enclosed.
յģΧ
Confining or narrow; crowded:
ӵģ޶Ļխģӵģ
close quarters.
ӵס
Fitting tightly:
ģģоģ
close garments.

Lacking fresh air; stuffy:
˵ģȱʿģȵģ
a close room.
ȵķ
Confined to specific persons or groups:
ܵģ⹫ģֻ˻ŵģ
a close secret.

Strictly confined or guarded:
ϸƵģϸصģ
kept under close custody.
ϸ
Hidden from view; secluded.
˵ģزÿģ˵
Secretive; reticent:
ĬģԵģ
was close about her personal life.
ĸּĬ
Giving or spending with reluctance; stingy.
СģĵģԸĻ򻨷ѵģĵ
Not easily acquired; scarce:
ѵõģ׻õģٵģ
Money was close.
Ǯܽ
Linguistics Pronounced with the tongue near the palate, as theee  in meet.  Used of vowels. 
ѧ Ԫģ࿿򦷢ģee  meet СԪ 
Marked by more rather than less punctuation, especially commas.
ʹñŵģɶǵģǶ
v.ʣ
closed,clos.ing,clos.es[kl?z]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move (a door, for example) so that an opening or passage is covered or obstructed; shut.
رգƶţʹڻͨסϣر
To bar access to:
գ
closed the road for repairs.
չ·ά
To fill or stop up:
䣺
closed the cracks with plaster.
û
To stop the operations of permanently or temporarily:
ͣЪֹͣõػʱֹͣӪ
closed down the factory.
رչ
To bring to an end; terminate:
ս᣺
close a letter; close a bank account.
дһţĿ
To bring together all the elements or parts of:
ʹ£ѡԪػ򲿷ּһ
Management closed ranks and ostracized the troublemaker.
Աʹ鿿£ȥ
To join or unite; bring into contact:
ͨʹӻΪһ壻ʹӴ
close a circuit.
ͨ·
To draw or bind together the edges of:
ϣʹıԵһ
close a wound.
˿
To complete the final details or negotiations on:
ֹϸڻۣ
close a deal.
ֹ
Archaic To enclose on all sides.
 ո߽
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become shut:
ϣ
The door closed quietly.
žع
To come to an end; finish:
ɣ
The book closes on a hopeful note.
ڳϣĽβн
To reach an agreement; come to terms.
ͬ⣺һ£Э
To cease operation:
ͣҵֹͣӪ
The shop closes at six.
̵
To engage at close quarters:
ںܽĵط
closed with the enemy.
չ
To draw near:
ӽ
The orbiter closed with the space station in preparation for docking.
ɴӽռվ׼
To come together:
ץס
My arms closed around the little child.
ҵĸ첲Сץס
n.ʣ
AHD:[kl?z] 
The act of closing.
رգرյΪ
A conclusion; a finish:
βۣ
The meeting came to a close.

Music The concluding part of a phrase or theme; a cadence.
֡ β£һ־Ľβֹ֣֣
[kl?s] An enclosed place, especially land surrounding or beside a cathedral or other building.
[kl?s] ճյĳָûΧԱߵĳ
[kl?s] Chiefly British A narrow way or alley.
[kl?s] Ӣ Сխ·С
Archaic A fight at close quarters.
 Ĵ
adv.ʣ
closer,closest[kl?s]  
In a close position or manner; closely:
أλÿأأ
stayed close together.
ؿһ
?
close in
To seem to be gathering in on all sides:
󶼾һ
The problems closed in.
һ
To advance on a target so as to block escape:
ΧĿƶԷ
The police closed in on the sniper.
Χѻ
To surround so as to make unusable:
֣Χʹʹã
The airport was closed in by fog.
Ϊ
close out
To dispose of (a line of merchandise) at reduced prices.
۴һϵƷ
To terminate, as by selling:
㣺ͨ
close out a business.
һ˾
?
close to home
So as to affect one's feelings or interests:
ܼͥӰأӰĳ˵ĸȤ
Her comment hit close to home.
ĿܼͥӰ
close to the wind
At a close angle into the direction from which the wind is blowing:
ӽأӽĽǶȣ
sailing close to the wind.
ӽغ
?
Middle English clos [closed] 
йӢ clos [ӽ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin clausus [past participle of] claudere [to close] 
Դ  clausus  [] claudereĹȥִ [ӽ] 
V., from Middle English closen 
ʣԴ йӢ closen 
from Old French clore  clos- 
Դ ŷ clore  clos- 
from Latin claudere 
Դ  claudere 
?
closely
adv.ʣ
closeness
n.ʣ
closer
AHD:[kl?zr] ʣ
closing
AHD:[kl?z1ng] ʣ
?
close,immediate,near,nearby,nigh,proximate
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not far from another in space, time, or relationship: 
Щݴʵ˼ǡĶڿռ䡢ʱϵòԶ 
an airport close to town;
Ļ
her immediate family;
ܼͥ
his nearest relative;
Ľף
a nearby library;
ͼݣ
our nighest neighbor;
ǵĽڣ
a proximate neighborhood. See also Synonyms at  complete ,familiar ,stingy far 
Ѻõھӹϵ μͬ complete,familiar,stingyfar
?
Strictly speaking,the phraseclose proximity  says nothing that is not said by proximity  itself. Like other common redundancies, however (old adage, mental telepathy ), this usage is too 
widespread and too innocuous to be worth objecting to.See Usage Note at redundancy 
ϸ˵close proximity һ㲻ʾ proximity ˼ ߳ʣold adage, mental telepathy  ÷Ϊձ޹ʹֵԲμ 
redundancy

= =
closet
clos.et
AHD:[kl?z1t, kl?z1t] 
D.J.[6klKz!t, 6kl%8z!t]
K.K.[6kl$z!t, 6kl%z!t]
n.ʣ
Abbr. cl.A cabinet or enclosed recess for linens, household supplies, or clothing.
д cl.С񣺷ƷͥƷ·ĳյı
A small private chamber, as for study or prayer.
С䣬˽ңС˽˷䣬ѧϰ
A water closet; a toilet.
ϴң
A state of secrecy or cautious privacy:
ܣ˽ܻСĽ״̬
Two days before the election, the candidate suddenly came out of the closet and denounced the proposed law.
ѡǰ죬ѡ˺ȻƼĬǴķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clos.et.ed,clos.et.ing,clos.ets 
To enclose or shut up in a private room, as for discussion:
УУ̸
closeted themselves with their attorneys.
ǵʦ̸
adj.ݴʣ
Private; confidential:
ܵģܵģܵģ
closet information.
Ϣ
Being so or engaging only in private; secret:
˽µģܵĻ˽йصģܵģ
a closet proponent of a tax increase; a closet alcoholic.
˰յ˽³ߣ˽
Based on theory and speculation rather than practice.
ʵʵģۺƲ֮϶ʵ
?
Middle English [private room] 
йӢ [˽˷] 
from Old French [diminutive of] clos [enclosure] 
Դ ŷ  [] closС׺ [Χǽ] 
from Latin clausum [from neuter of] clausus [enclosed] * see  close 
Դ  clausum  [] ԴclaususԴ [յ] *μ close
?
closetful
n.ʣ

= =
cloth
cloth
AHD:[kl?th, kl?th] 
D.J.[kl%8G, klKG]
K.K.[kl%G, kl$G]
n.ʣ
 cloths[kl?ths, kl?Yz, kl?ths, kl?Yz]  д cl.
Fabric or material formed by weaving, knitting, pressing, or felting natural or synthetic fibers.
̻ͨ֯֯Ȼάϳάձ֯
A piece of fabric or material used for a specific purpose, as a tablecloth.
;Ĳ;֯ϣ
Nautical 
 
Canvas.

A sail.

The characteristic attire of a profession, especially that of the clergy.
ĳҵض·ĳһҵ·ָʦ·
The clergy:
ʦ
a man of the cloth.
ʦΪְҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cl3h 
Դ Ӣ cl3h 

= =
clothe
clothe
AHD:[kl?Y] 
D.J.[kl*&H]
K.K.[kloH]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clothed  clad [kl2d] cloth.ing,clothes 
To put clothes on; dress.
ţ£·
To provide clothes for.
ṩ
To cover as if with clothing.
ǣûò
?
Middle English clothen 
йӢ clothen 
from Old English cl3n 
Դ Ӣ cl3n 
from cl3h [cloth] 
Դ cl3h [] 
?
clothe,cloak,drape,mantle,robe
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cover as if with clothes: 
Щʵĺ˼ǡ·ǡ 
trees clothed in leafy splendor;
ڹеҶľ
mist that cloaks the mountains;
ɽ
a beam draped with cobwebs;
֩ķ
a boulder mantled with moss;
̦Ķʯ
snow robing fields and gardens. unclothe 
ѩǵҰͻ԰ unclothe

= =
clothes
clothes
AHD:[kl?z, kl?Yz] 
D.J.[kl*&z, kl*&Hz]
K.K.[kloz, kloHz]
pl.n.ʣ
Articles of dress; wearing apparel; garments.
·Σ
Bedclothes.
޾
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cl3s [pl. of] cl3th [cloth] 
Դ Ӣ cl3s  [] cl3thĸ [] 

= =
clothing
cloth.ing
AHD:[kl?Y1ng] 
D.J.[6kl*&H!0]
K.K.[6kloH!0]
n.ʣ
Clothes considered as a group; wearing apparel.
·ܳƣ
A covering.


= =
cloud
cloud
AHD:[kloud] 
D.J.[kla&d]
K.K.[kla&d]
n.ʣ
A visible body of very fine water droplets or ice particles suspended in the atmosphere at altitudes ranging up to several miles above sea level.
ƣʮϸСˮλɵĿɼһţںϸ߶ȴＸӢĴ
A mass, as of dust, smoke, or steam, suspended in the atmosphere or in outer space.
ƣ̳ҳ̻ɵһţڴⲿռ
A large moving body of things in the air or on the ground; a swarm:
һȺлдȺĿƶһţһȺ
a cloud of locusts.
һȺȳ
Something that darkens or fills with gloom.
ڰӰڰʵĳ
A dark region or blemish, as on a polished stone.
ڰߣ覴ãڿڰߣĥʯͷϵĺڰ
Something that obscures.
ʣ谵Ķ
Suspicion or a charge affecting a reputation.
ƣ裺Ӱʻظ
A collection of charged particles:
ϣɵľۼţ
an electron cloud.

v.ʣ
cloud.ed,cloud.ing,clouds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with or as if with clouds:
ʹƣƻΪǣ
Mist clouded the hills.
סɽ
To make gloomy or troubled.
ʹʲ壺ʹʻ鷳
To obscure:
ʹ
cloud the issues.

To cast aspersions on; sully:
ۣ̰ۣ
Scandal clouded the officer's reputation.
˹Ա
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become cloudy or overcast:
ʹƣʹ
The sky clouded over.
Ʋܲ
?
in the clouds
Imaginary; unreal; fanciful.
ģģʵģ
Impractical.
ʵʵ
?
Middle English [hill, cloud] 
йӢ [ɽ] 
from Old English cl?d [rock, hill] 
Դ Ӣ cl?d [ʯɽ] 
?
cloudless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cloudy
cloud.y
AHD:[kloud?] 
D.J.[6kla&di8]
K.K.[6kla&di]
adj.ݴʣ
cloud.i.er,cloud.i.est 
Full of or covered with clouds; overcast.
ƵģƵĻƸǵģƵ
Of or like a cloud or clouds.
ƵģƵĻƵ
Marked with indistinct masses or streaks:
ƵģģſƵģ
cloudy marble.
ƴʯ
Not transparent, as certain liquids.
ʵģ͸ģĳЩҺ
Open to more than one interpretation.
ֺģжһֽ͵
Not clearly perceived or perceptible.
ҵģģģ֪
Troubled; gloomy.
յģյģƵ
?
cloudily
adv.ʣ
cloudiness
n.ʣ

= =
club
club
AHD:[kl?b] 
D.J.[klJb]
K.K.[klJb]
n.ʣ
A stout, heavy stick, usually thicker at one end, suitable for use as a weapon; a cudgel.
һּ̡صİͨһ˴̴ִֵĹ
Sports An implement used in some games to drive a ball, especially a stick with a protruding head used in golf.
˶ ˣһЩڻĹߣָڸ߶Ķͻİ
Games 
Ϸ 
A black figure shaped like a trefoil or clover leaf on certain playing cards.
÷ĳЩϷֽϵһֺɫͼҶλޣҶ
A playing card with this figure.
÷ֽƣͼϷ
clubs (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The suit of cards represented by this figure.
 clubs 뵥ã÷Ƭͼһ׿Ƭ
A group of people organized for a common purpose, especially a group that meets regularly:
ֲΪ˹ͬĿ֯һȺˣָھۻһȺˣ
a garden club.
԰ֲ
The building, room, or other facility used for the meetings of an organized group.
һȺ֯ڿĽʩ
Sports An athletic team or organization.
˶ ӣ
A nightclub.
ҹܻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ֲģһʣ
a club meeting; club regulations.
ֲ飻ֲ
v.ʣ
clubbed,club.bing,clubs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike or beat with or as if with a club.
ðûð
To use (a firearm) as a club by holding the barrel and hitting with the butt end.
ãѣʹãץסǹǹл
To gather or combine (hair, for example) into a clublike mass.
̷٣ѣͷۺϡһ
To contribute to a joint or common purpose.
ΪͬĿĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To join or combine for a common purpose; form a club.
ΪͬĿĽϣɾֲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse klubba 
Դ ˹ά klubba 

= =
clue
clue 1
AHD:[kl?] 
D.J.[klu8]
K.K.[klu]
n.ʣ
Something that serves to guide or direct in the solution of a problem or mystery.
ָʾԻĳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clued,clue.ing  clu.ing clues 
To give (someone) guiding information:
ṩϢṩĳˣָԵϢ
Clue me in on what's happening.
ҷʲô
?
Variant of clew 1 [from Theseus's use of a ball of thread as a guide through the Cretan labyrinth] 
 clew1ı  [Դ߯˹һΪԹ] 
?
clue
clue 2
AHD:[kl?]  
D.J.[klu8]
K.K.[klu]
n.ʣ
Variant of clew 1
 clewı1 
v.ʣ
Variant of clew 1
 clewı1 

= =
clumsy
clum.sy
AHD:[kl?mz?] 
D.J.[6klJmzi8]
K.K.[6klJmzi]
adj.ݴʣ
clum.si.er,clum.si.est 
Lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward.
׾ģصģȱЭܻţ׾
Awkwardly constructed; unwieldy:
ӲÿģӴģṹѿģصģ
clumsy wooden shoes; a clumsy sentence.
صľЬ߳ľ
Gauche; inept:
׾ģʵģ
a clumsy excuse.See Synonyms at awkward 
׵Ľڲμ awkward
?
From obsolete clumse [to be numb with cold] 
Դ  clumse [] 
from Middle English clomsen 
Դ йӢ clomsen 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
clumsily
adv.ʣ
clumsiness
n.ʣ

= =
cluster
clus.ter
AHD:[kl?str] 
D.J.[6klJst*]
K.K.[6klJst+]
n.ʣ
A group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together; a bunch:
ԣȺͬԪؾۼܾۼֵһȺһ
She held out her hand, a small tight cluster of fingers(Anne Tyler)
ָ֣һ(ݡ̩)
Linguistics Two or more successive consonants in a word, ascl  and st  in the word cluster.  
ѧ Ⱥһĸcl  st ڵ cluster  
v.ʣ
clus.tered,clus.ter.ing,clus.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather or grow into bunches.
ۼ򳤳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to grow or form into bunches.
ʹܼʹɻγɴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English clyster 
Դ Ӣ clyster 

= =
clutch
clutch 1
AHD:[kl?ch] 
D.J.[klJt.]
K.K.[klJt.]
v.ʣ
clutched,clutch.ing,clutch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grasp and hold tightly.
ץգץס
To seize; snatch.
ץסץȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To attempt to grasp or seize:
ͼץס
clutch at a life raft.
ͼץס
To engage or disengage a motor vehicle's clutch.
ϻδϻ
n.ʣ
A hand, claw, talon, or paw in the act of grasping.
֣צץȡ֡צ
A tight grasp.
ץ
Often clutches Control or power:
  clutches ƻ
caught in the clutches of sin.
Ϊ
A device for gripping and holding.
ץ豸
Any of various devices for engaging and disengaging two working parts of a shaft or of a shaft and a driving mechanism.
һʹְֻܲеװôҧϻ״̬豸
The apparatus, such as a lever or pedal, that activates one of these devices.
˻̤壺һ豸Ĳܸ˻̤
A tense, critical situation:
Ҫͷ
came through in the clutch.
ͨ˽Ҫͷ
A clutch bag.
Ů޴Ƥ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Being or occurring in a tense or critical situation:
ҪͷģҪͷĻڽҪͷģ
won the championship by sinking a clutch putt.
ҪͷһӮ˹ھ
Tending to be successful in tense or critical situations:
ڽҪͷڻʤģ
The coach relied on her clutch pitcher.
ϣڽҪͷռƵͶ
?
Middle English clucchen 
йӢ clucchen 
from Old English clyccan 
Դ Ӣ clyccan 
?
clutch
clutch 2
AHD:[kl?ch] 
D.J.[klJt.]
K.K.[klJt.]
n.ʣ
The complete set of eggs produced or incubated at one time.
һβĻĵ
A brood of chickens.
һѼ
A group; a bunch.
һȺһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
clutched,clutch.ing,clutch.es 
To hatch (chicks).
С
?
Variant of dialectal cletch [to hatch] 
  cletchı [] 
from Middle English clekken 
Դ йӢ clekken 
from Old Norse klekja 
Դ ˹ά klekja 

= =
coach
coach
AHD:[k?ch] 
D.J.[k*&t.]
K.K.[kot.]
n.ʣ
A motorbus.

A railroad passenger car.
·ͳ
A closed automobile, usually with two doors.
˫Žγʽͨ
A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage with an elevated exterior seat for the driver; a stagecoach.
ִⲿиߵļʻķʽִ
An economical class of passenger accommodations on a commercial airplane or a train.
òգ񺽷ɻ𳵳˿λľ
Sports A person who trains or directs athletes or athletic teams.
˶ ѵָ˶Ա˶ӵ
A person who gives instruction, as in singing or acting.
ָԱڸ質ϸָ
A private tutor employed to prepare a student for an examination.
˽˽ʦΪѧ׼Զõ˽˽ʦ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
coached,coach.ing,coach.es 
To train or tutor or to act as a trainer or tutor.
ѵָ˽˽ʦ
To transport by or ride in a coach.
ˣɹ
?
French coche 
 coche 
from obsolete German Kotsche 
Դ ѷϵ Kotsche 
from Hungarian kocsi 
Դ  kocsi 
after Kocs , a town of northwest Hungary (where such carriages were first made) 
Դ ƿ˹ һ״α죩 
?
coachable
adj.ݴʣ
coacher
n.ʣ

= =
coal
coal
AHD:[k?l] 
D.J.[k*&l]
K.K.[kol]
n.ʣ
A natural dark brown to black graphitelike material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of amorphous carbon with various organic and some inorganic 
compounds.
úһȻɫɫʯīԭϣȼϣֲﻯʯγɣɷǽᾧ̼͸лһЩ޻
A piece of this substance.
ú飺һֲ
A glowing or charred piece of solid fuel.
̼һȻ̿Ĺȼ
Charcoal.
ľ̿
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
coal miners; coal seams; coal haulers.
ú󹤣ú㣻ú
v.ʣ
coaled,coal.ing,coals 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To burn (a combustible solid) to a charcoal residue.
̿ȼչ壩ճľ̿
To provide with coal.
ú
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take on coal.
װúú
?
Middle English col 
йӢ col 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
coarse
coarse
AHD:[k?rs, k?rs] 
D.J.[k%8s, k*&rs]
K.K.[k%rs, kors]
adj.ݴʣ
coars.er,coars.est 
Of low, common, or inferior quality.
ģ͵ġͨĻӵȵ
Lacking in delicacy or refinement:
ϸµģȱ»ϸµģ
coarse manners.
׵ϰ
Vulgar or indecent:
׵ģӹ׵Ļģ
coarse language.

Consisting of large particles; not fine in texture:
ʵشֲڵģдģϲϸģ
coarse sand.
ֲڵɳ
Rough, especially to the touch:
ָдֲڵģֲڵģָڴϣ
a coarse tweed.
ֻ
?
Middle English cors 
йӢ cors 
probably from course [custom] * see  course 
Դ course [ϰ] *μ course
?
coarsely
adv.ʣ
coarseness
n.ʣ
?
coarse,gross,indelicate,vulgar,obscene,ribald
These adjectives apply to what is offensive to accepted standards of decency, propriety, morality, or good taste.
Щݴ˲ؽòء»Ʒλı׼
 Coarse   implies roughness and crudeness: 
 Coarse  ָªĺʹ³ģ 
A stand-up comedian performed a coarse imitation of the President.
˵ЦϲԱӵģͳ
Gross   suggests a lack of refinement verging on brutishness: 
Gross  ʾȱţҰ 
It is futile to expect a hungry and squalid population to be anything but violent and gross  (Thomas H. Huxley).
 ﰺƶľ񲻿񱩺ʹҰõġ  ˹H.տ˹
 Indelicate   implies a lack of delicacy, tact, or taste: 
  Indelicate  ָȱ¡󷽣 
She bridled at the indelicate suggestion.
Բİʾŭˡ
Vulgar   emphasizes impropriety and suggests boorishness and poor breeding: 
Vulgar  ǿʵľֹ³ȱذʾ 
The movie is full of language so vulgar it should have been edited.
ӰŴ׵ԣӦ
Obscene   strongly stresses loathsome lewdness and indecency: 
Obscene  ǿǿ 
The book is racy rather than obscene.
Ǳ˵ģ˵ǻõء
Ribald   implies vulgar, coarse, off-color language or behavior that provokes mirth: 
Ribald  ָ׵ġ³ġȱԻֹ˿Цģ 
Peals of laughter were mingled with loud ribald jokes  (Washington Irving).
 һĴЦŴЦ ʢ١ŷģ

= =
coast
coast
AHD:[k?st] 
D.J.[k*&st]
K.K.[kost]
n.ʣ
Land next to the sea; the seashore.
ӽ󺣵½أ
Coast The Pacific Coast of the United States.
 Coast ̫ƽ󺣰
A hill or other slope down which one may coast, as on a sled.
»б£Գѩ˳ŻµСɽб
The act of sliding or coasting; slide.
££еĶ
Obsolete The frontier or border of a country.
 ߽磬߾ҵı߽߾
v.ʣ
coast.ed,coast.ing,coasts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To slide down an incline through the effect of gravity.
£б滬
To move effortlessly and smoothly.See Synonyms at slide 
УѾƽƶμ slide
To move without further use of propelling power.
˳ƻ£һʹ˶
To act or move aimlessly or with little effort:
ΣĿĵػúСû˶
coasted for a few weeks before applying for a job.
ҹ֮ǰɵ漸
Nautical To sail near or along a coast.
 źУŻӽںϺ
v.tr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To sail or move along the coast or border of.
ʹźУź߽纽лƶ
?
Middle English coste 
йӢ coste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin costa [side] * see  kost- 
Դ  costa [Ա] *μ kost- 
?
coastal
AHD:[k?stl] ݴʣ

= =
coat
coat
AHD:[k?t] 
D.J.[k*&t]
K.K.[kot]
n.ʣ
A sleeved outer garment extending from the shoulders to the waist or below.
ף£Ӽ쵽
A garment extending to just below the waist and usually forming the top part of a suit.
£쵽µ£ͨһ·ϰ벿
A natural outer covering, such as the fur of an animal; an integument.
Ȼⲿ綯ëƤ
A layer of material covering something else; a coating:
㣺ϵһϣͿ㣺
a second coat of paint.
ڶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
coat.ed,coat.ing,coats 
To provide or cover with a coat.
¸ϣṩ
To cover with a layer, as of paint.
Ϳϣһ㣬
?
Middle English cote 
йӢ cote 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
coated
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cock
cock 1
AHD:[k?k] 
D.J.[kKk]
K.K.[k$k]
n.ʣ
An adult male chicken; a rooster.
һֻѳĹۼ
An adult male of various other birds.
һѳ
A weathervane shaped like a rooster; a weathercock.
꣺״ۼһꣻ
A leader or chief.
죬쵼
A faucet or valve by which the flow of a liquid or gas can be regulated.
һܵҺͷ,
The hammer of a firearm.
Ļ
The position of the hammer of a firearm when ready for firing.
λã׼ʱλ
A tilting or jaunty turn upward:
Ϸ
the cock of a hat.
ñϷ
Vulgar Slang The penis.
 ٵ 
Archaic The characteristic cry of a rooster early in the morning.
 峿е
v.ʣ
cocked,cock.ing,cocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set the hammer of (a firearm) in a position ready for firing.
ûģ׼λ
To set (a device, such as a camera shutter) in a position ready for use.
׼ʹãһװã׼ʹõλ
To tilt or turn up or to one side, usually in a jaunty or alert manner:
̧תתһ,ͨԻûԾӣ
cocked an eyebrow in response to a silly question.
̧üͷӦ޴
To raise in preparation to throw or hit:
𣺾׼ӳ
cocked the bat before swinging at the pitch.
Ͷʱڰڶ֮ǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To set the hammer of a firearm in a position ready for firing.
ûĻ׼λ
To turn or stick up.
ת
To strut; swagger.
ֺߣҡڵ
?
cock a snoot 
cock a snook ٵ
To express scorn or derision by or as if by placing the thumb on the nose and wiggling the fingers; thumb one's nose:
ϷϾ𣺾ɻǺɰĴָڱϺͰڶָʾӻЦĴָŪӣ
[He]  could cock a snoot at the rest of the . . . world and blithely go his own way (Elie Kedourie)
[] ǰӡԼ· ()
cock of the walk
An overbearing or domineering person.
Ļʢ˵
?
Middle English cok 
йӢ cok 
from Old English cocc 
Դ Ӣ cocc 
probably from Late Latin coccus 
Դ  coccus 
from coco [a cackling] 
Դ coco [ֹؽ] 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դģµ] 
?
cock
cock 2
AHD:[k?k] 
D.J.[kKk]
K.K.[k$k]
n.ʣ
A cone-shaped pile of straw or hay.
Բ׶СѣԲ׶εһѺ̸ѻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cocked,cock.ing,cocks 
To arrange (straw or hay) into piles shaped like cones.
ѳԲ׶Сɽ̸ѻݣԲ׶״Ķ
?
Middle English cok 
йӢ cok 

= =
code
code
AHD:[k?d] 
D.J.[k*&d]
K.K.[kod]
n.ʣ
A systematically arranged and comprehensive collection of laws.
䣺ϵͳź͹㷺ռķɻ
A systematic collection of regulations and rules of procedure or conduct:
棺ϵͳռͳʵʩĹ
a traffic code.
ͨ
A system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages.
룺Ϣڴĸֵķϵͳ
A system of symbols, letters, or words given certain arbitrary meanings, used for transmitting messages requiring secrecy or brevity.
룺ĳһķšĸ͵ʵϵͳڴҪܻϢ
A system of symbols and rules used to represent instructions to a computer.
룺ڱʾָķź͹ϵͳ
Genetics The genetic code.
Ŵѧ Ŵ
Slang A patient whose heart has stopped beating, as in cardiac arrest.
ٵ ֹͣĲˣֹͣĲˣ综ಡ
v.ʣ
cod.ed,cod.ing,codes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To systematize and arrange (laws and regulations) into a code.
룺ɺͷ棩ϵͳΪ
To convert (a message, for example) into code.
룺磬Ϣתɴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Genetics To specify the genetic code for an amino acid or a polypeptide.
Ŵѧ ָŴ룺ȷĵŴ
Slang To go into cardiac arrest.
ٵ ΪѲܹѪಡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c?x [book] * see  codex 
Դ  c?x [] *μ codex

= =
coffee
cof.fee
AHD:[k?f?, k?f?] 
D.J.[6k%8fi8, 6kKfi8]
K.K.[6k%fi, 6k$fi]
n.ʣ
Any of various tropical African shrubs or trees of the genusCoffea,  especially C. arabica,  widely cultivated in the tropics for their seeds that are dried, roasted, and ground to prepare a 
stimulating, aromatic drink. 
һֿ ȴ޵Ĺľָ򾭸濾ĥΪһݼԵġζϵӶ㷺ȴ С  
The beanlike seeds of this plant, enclosed within a pulpy fruit.
ȶʹʵڵֲĶ
The beverage prepared from the seeds of this plant.
ϣֲ
Color A moderate brown to dark brown or dark grayish brown.
ɫʡ ɫǳɫɫҺɫ
An informal social gathering at which coffee and other refreshments are served.
ʽ罻᣺ӦȺϵһַʽĹ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a coffee cup; a coffee grinder.
ȱĥ
?
Alteration  influenced by Italian caff  from Turkish 
    caff Ӱ  Դ  
of Ottoman Turkish qahveh 
 ˹ qahvehı仯 
from Arabic qahwah 
Դ  qahwah 
?
Would one be as ready to drinkchaoua, kauhi,  or coffa  as coffee ? Most of these exotic early forms of our word reflect the factthat coffee, though a normal accompaniment to the life of 
many English speakers, was originally an exotic substance.Coffee came to Europe from the Middle East, where its name wasqahveh,   an Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of 
Arabicqahwah,  the Turks having borrowed the word and the drink from the Arabs.The first three forms cited above show the influence of the Middle Eastern words for coffee.Our 
formcoffee  results from combining caff,  the Italian version of the Middle Eastern word, and the vowel of the Middle Eastern word, represented by o. Coffee is first recorded in English 
in 1601 with the spelling coffe.  
Ըchaoua, kauhi  coffa  coffee һ Щʽ෴ӳһʵȻ˵Ӣ˵ԴڹĶ
ȴжŷޣжqahveh  İ˹˷Ϊqahwah  ԰øõʺϡõǰʽжԿ
Ӱ졣ǵʽcoffee Խжʵ caffe ж oĸʾԪĸ CoffeeӢ1601״αأƴ coffe.  

= =
coherent
co.her.ent
AHD:[k?-h?rnt, -hr-] 
D.J.[k*&6h!*r*nt, -6her-]
K.K.[ko6h!r*nt, -6hWr-]
adj.ݴʣ
Sticking together; cohering.
ճŵģճһճŵ
Marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts:
ģ֮ġ߼ĺһµĹϵģ
a coherent essay.
һƪ
Physics Of, relating to, or having waves with similar direction, amplitude, and phase that are capable of exhibiting interference.
ѧ ɵģָܱԵģ򡢷ȺλƵĲģйصģֲ
Of or relating to a system of units of measurement in which a small number of basic units are defined from which all others in the system are derived by multiplication or division only.
λϵͳģλϵͳģйصģй涨СĻλϵͳλ˻
Botany Sticking to but not fused with a part or an organ of the same kind.
ֲѧ ŵģͬĲֻ֯ճŵںϵ
?
coherently
adv.ʣ

= =
coil
coil 1
AHD:[koil] 
D.J.[k%!l]
K.K.[k%!l]
n.ʣ
A series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding:
һɼۻγɵһϵӵ߻ͬĻ
a coil of rope; long coils of hair.
һӣһͷ
An individual spiral or ring within such a series.
һȦһϵе߻
A spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes, as in a radiator.
ܣһܻһϵܣڵ
Electricity 
ѧ 
A wound spiral of two or more turns of insulated wire, used to introduce inductance into a circuit.
ȦȦȦϵľԵƳɵߣڲ·ĵ
Any of various devices of which such a spiral is the major component.
Ȧ豸ȦҪ
A roll of postage stamps prepared for use in a vending machine.
һƱ׼ԶۻһƱ
v.ʣ
coiled,coil.ing,coils 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wind in concentric rings or spirals.
ƣƳͬĻ
To wind into a shape resembling a coil.
һȦƳȦ״
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form concentric rings or spirals.
Ƴ״γͬĻ
To move in a spiral course:
ƳȦ·˶
black smoke coiling up into the sky.
ֱ
?
Probably from obsolete French coillir [to gather up] 
Դ ѷϷ coillir [ۼ] 
from Latin colligere * see  collect 1
Դ  colligere *μ collect1
?
coiler
n.ʣ
?
coil
coil 2
AHD:[koil] 
D.J.[k%!l]
K.K.[k%!l]
n.ʣ
A disturbance; a fuss.
Ŷɧ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
coin
coin
AHD:[koin] 
D.J.[k%!n]
K.K.[k%!n]
n.ʣ
A small piece of metal, usually flat and circular, authorized by a government for use as money.
ӲңһСΪƽԲΣ׼ͨ
Metal money considered as a whole.
Ǯܳ
A flat, circular piece or object felt to resemble metal money:
Ǯ֮һԲƽоƽǮ
a pizza topped with coins of pepperoni.
Ǯ״㳦
Architecture A corner or cornerstone.
ѧ սǣǽʯ
A mode of expression considered standard:
ַʽΪǱ׼ı﷽ʽ
Two-word verbs are valid linguistic coin in the 20th century.
˫ʶ20ЧԱ﷽ʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
coined,coin.ing,coins 
To make (pieces of money) from metal; mint or strike:
죨ǮңýɣǮң죨Ӳңƣ
coined silver dollars.

To make pieces of money from (metal):
ǮңӣƳǮ飺
coin gold.

To devise (a new word or phrase).
׫ƣµʻ
adj.ݴʣ
Requiring one or more pieces of metal money for operation:
ͶʽҪһҵģ
a coin washing machine.
Ͷϴ»
?
the other side of the coin
One of two differing or opposing views or sides.
棬ͬĻ෴Ĺ۵ͷ֮һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [die for stamping coins, wedge] 
Դ ŷ [ѹӲҵĳģ] 
from Latin cuneus [wedge] 
Դ  cuneus [] 
?
coinable
adj.ݴʣ
coiner
n.ʣ

= =
coincide
co.in.cide
AHD:[k?1n-sod] 
D.J.[7k*&!n6sa!d]
K.K.[7ko!n6sa!d]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
co.in.cid.ed,co.in.cid.ing,co.in.cides 
To occupy the same relative position or the same area in space.
ռͬһλãڿռռͬλû
To happen at the same time or during the same period.
ͬʱͬʱͬʱ
To correspond exactly; be identical.
ȫӦͬ
To agree exactly, as in opinion; concur.See Synonyms at agree 
һ£ͬ⣺ȫͬ⣬ϣͬʱμ agree
?
Medieval Latin coincidere 
 coincidere 
Latin co- [co-] 
 co- [ǰ׺ͬһ] 
Latin incidere [to occur] * see  incident 
 incidere [] *μ incident

= =
coincidence
co.in.ci.dence
AHD:[k?-1ns1-dns, -dns] 
D.J.[k*&6!ns!d*ns, -7dens]
K.K.[ko6!ns!d*ns, -7dWns]
n.ʣ
The state or fact of occupying the same relative position or area in space.
ռͬһλãڿռռͬйλû״̬ʵ
A sequence of events that although accidental seems to have been planned or arranged.
ɺϣɣżȻģƺǾƻŵһϵ¼

= =
cold
cold
AHD:[k?ld] 
D.J.[k*&ld]
K.K.[kold]
adj.ݴʣ
cold.er,cold.est 
Having a low temperature.
ģµ͵
Having a temperature lower than normal body temperature.
µģµ͵
Feeling no warmth; uncomfortably chilled.
ʹսģоů˸о
Marked by deficient heat:
¶Ȳģ
a cold room.
ķ
Being at a temperature that is less than what is required:
ģ¶ûдﵽҪģ
cold oatmeal.
Ƭ
Chilled by refrigeration or ice:
ñʹ䣺
cold beer.
ơ
Lacking emotion; objective:
侲ģģ͹۵ģ
cold logic.
߼
Having no appeal to the senses or feelings:
Ȼζģоģ
a cold decor.
ɨ˵̨
Not affectionate or friendly; aloof:
߰ģϲѺõģ߰Դģ
a cold person; a cold nod.
Įˣ߰һ
Exhibiting or feeling no enthusiasm:
ģԵûоûģ
a cold audience; a cold response to the new play; a concert that left me cold.
ȱڣ¾Ŀ䵭ķӦûиӡֻ
Devoid of sexual desire; frigid.
䵭ģûģ䵭
Color Designating a tone or color, such as pale gray, that suggests little warmth.
ɫʡ ɫģָɫ絭ɫʹ뵽
Having lost all freshness or vividness through passage of time:
΢ģʱʧȥеʺ
dogs attempting to catch a cold scent.
Թͼץסһ˿΢Ϣ
Marked by or sustaining a loss of body heat:
ģʧȥµģ
cold hands and feet.
ֽ
Appearing to be dead; unconscious.
ʧȥ֪ģźˣ֪
Dead:
ģ
was cold in his grave.
ԼĹ
Marked by unqualified certainty or sure familiarity.
϶ģȷȫϤ
So intense as to be almost uncontrollable:
ǿסģǿ¼ܿƵģ
cold fury.
ǿסķŭ
adv.ʣ
To an unqualified degree; totally:
ʮأﵽһԵĳ̶ȣʮأ
was cold sober.
ȫ
With complete finality:
ȫأ׵ؾԵģ
We turned him down cold.
һڻؾ
Without advance preparation or introduction:
׼أû׼ѯأ
took the exam cold and passed; walked in cold and got the new job.
óȻμӿԲͨˣóȻ߽¹
n.ʣ
Relative lack of warmth.
䵭Ƚȱ
The sensation resulting from lack of warmth; chill.
ɨˣģȱĸо
A condition of low air temperature; cold weather:
䣺µ
went out into the cold and got a chill.
ߵ˸
A viral infection characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the upper respiratory passages and usually accompanied by malaise, fever, chills, coughing, and 
sneezing.Also called  In this sense, also called common cold ,coryza 
ð˷磺һֲԸȾϺճĤײͨвʡա䡢ԡΪҲ  ڴҲɳ common cold,coryza
?
out in the cold
Lacking benefits given to others; neglected.
ģûкôԸ˵ģӵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ceald * see  gel- 
Դ Ӣ ceald *μ gel- 
?
coldly
adv.ʣ
coldness
n.ʣ
?
cold,arctic,chilly,cool,frigid,frosty,gelid,glacial,icy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by a low or an extremely low temperature: 
Щݴе˼ǡе͵Ļ򼫵͵¶ȵġ 
cold air;

an arctic climate;

a chilly day;
쬵һ죻
cool water;
ˮ
a frigid room;
ķ䣻
a frosty morning;
˪糿
gelid seas;
Ʊĺˮ
glacial winds;
ϸ磻
icy hands. hot 
 hot

= =
collapse
col.lapse
AHD:[k-l2ps] 
D.J.[k*6l#ps]
K.K.[k*6l#ps]
v.ʣ
col.lapsed,col.laps.ing,col.laps.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall down or inward suddenly; cave in.
ͻȻ»ݣ
To break down suddenly in strength or health and thereby cease to function:
򽡿ͻȻͣٲ̱
a monarchy that collapsed.
ľ
To fold compactly:
۵յض
chairs that collapse for storage.
Աղ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to fold, break down, or fall down or inward.
ʹ۵ʹʹ
n.ʣ
The act of falling down or inward, as from loss of supports.
Ϊʧȥ֧
An abrupt failure of function, strength, or health; a breakdown.
ܡ򽡿ͻȻ˥ˣ
An abrupt loss of perceived value or of effect:
߽⣺ѻõЧͻȻɥʧ
the collapse of popular respect for the integrity of world leaders.
ֱ˽ͨ𾴵߽
?
Latin coll3o}  coll3ps- [to fall together] 
 coll3o}  coll3ps- [һ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺һ] 
l3o} [to fall] 
l3o} [] 
?
collapsibility
n.ʣ
collapsible  
collapsable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
collar
col.lar
AHD:[k?lr] 
D.J.[6kKl*]
K.K.[6k$l+]
n.ʣ
The part of a garment that encircles the neck.
죺һװΧƲӵĲ
A necklace.
Ȧ
A restraining or identifying band of leather, metal, or plastic put around the neck of an animal.
ΧΧڶﾱϵƤʡƵԱƺõĴ
The cushioned part of a harness that presses against the shoulders of a draft animal.
磺ڵļ粿ߵĵ
Biology An encircling structure or bandlike marking, as around the neck of an animal, suggestive of a collar.
ѧ Ӳ죺һֻ״ṹ״ڣ绷ڶĲϺһ
Any of various ringlike devices used to limit, guide, or secure a machine part.
ˣỷһֻ״ơϵĲ
Slang An arrest, as of a criminal.
ٵ һﷸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
col.lared,col.lar.ing,col.lars 
To furnish with a collar.
װȦ
Slang 
ٵ 
To seize or detain.
ץס
To arrest (a criminal, for example).
ﷸ
?
Middle English coler 
йӢ coler 
from Old French colier 
Դ ŷ colier 
from Latin coll3e 
Դ  coll3e 
from collum [neck] * see  k wel- 1
Դ collum [] *μ k wel- 1
?
collared
adj.ݴʣ

= =
colleague
col.league
AHD:[k?l?g] 
D.J.[6kKl7i8g]
K.K.[6k$l7ig]
n.ʣ
A fellow member of a profession, a staff, or an academic faculty; an associate.See Synonyms at partner 
ͬ£ͬСְԱѧԺ̹֮ͬһͬ²μ partner
?
French collgue 
 collgue 
from Latin coll?a 
Դ  coll?a 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
l?3re} [to depute] * see  leg- 
l?3re} [ί] *μ leg- 
?
colleagueship
n.ʣ

= =
collect
collect 1
AHD:[k-lkt] 
D.J.[k*6lekt]
K.K.[k*6lWkt]
v.ʣ
col.lect.ed,col.lect.ing,col.lects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring together in a group or mass; gather.
ռõһʹΪһһ壻ռ
To accumulate as a hobby or for study.
ռΪһûΪѧϰۻ
To call for and obtain payment of:
տʣҪ֧
collect taxes.
˰
To recover control of:
ʹ򶨣¿ס
collect one's emotions.

To call for (someone); pick up:
ߣҪĳˣߣ
collected the children and drove home.
ߺӿؼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together in a group or mass; gather.See Synonyms at gather 
ۼһΪһһ壻ۼμ gather
To take in payments or donations:
ļܸ
collecting for charity.
ļ
adv.ʣ
adj.Abbr. col.,coll.ݴʣд col.,coll.
With payment to be made by the receiver:
Էأյ߸أ
called collect; a collect phone call.
Է绰Է绰
?
Middle English collecten 
йӢ collecten 
from Latin colligere  coll?ct- 
Դ  colligere  coll?ct- 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺롱] 
legere [to gather] * see  leg- 
legere [ۼ] *μ leg- 
?
collect
collect 2
AHD:[k?l1kt, -kt] 
D.J.[6kKl!kt, -7ekt]
K.K.[6k$l!kt, -7Wkt]
n.Ecclesiastical ʣ̻᡿ 
A brief formal prayer that is used in various Western liturgies before the epistle and that varies with the day.
̵棺ضĶ̵ʽ
?
Middle English collecte 
йӢ collecte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin coll?a [short for] (?r3ti? ad) coll?ctam [(prayer at the) gathering] 
Դ  coll?a  [] (?r3ti? ad) coll?ctamд [] 
from Latin coll?s [gathered] [past participle of] colligere [to gather] * see  collect 1
Դ  coll?s [ۼһ]  [] colligereĹȥִ [ۼ] *μ collect1

= =
collection
col.lec.tion
AHD:[k-lkshn] 
D.J.[k*6lek.*n]
K.K.[k*6lWk.*n]
n.Abbr. col.,coll.ʣд col.,coll.
The act or process of collecting.
ռռΪ
A group of objects or works to be seen, studied, or kept together.
ռһƷ͡оһ𱣴
An accumulation; a deposit:
ɣۻ
a collection of dust on the piano.
ϵĻ
A collecting of money, as in church.
Ŀӣļ
The sum so collected.
ռܺ

= =
collective
col.lec.tive
AHD:[k-lkt1v] 
D.J.[k*6lekt!v]
K.K.[k*6lWkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Assembled or accumulated into a whole.
ϵģϡۻһ
Of, relating to, characteristic of, or made by a number of people acting as a group:
ģһйصģһΪĻһƶģ
a collective decision.

n.ʣ
An undertaking, such as a business operation, set up on the principle of ownership and control of the means of production and distribution by the workers involved, usually under the 
supervision of a government.
壺һƶȣҵڹ˲ԲƷռкͷģͨල
Grammar A collective noun.
﷨ 
?
collectively
adv.ʣ
collectiveness
n.ʣ

= =
college
col.lege
AHD:[k?l1j] 
D.J.[6kKl!d9]
K.K.[6k$l!d9]
n.Abbr. col.,coll.ʣд col.,coll.
An institution of higher learning that grants the bachelor's degree in liberal arts or science or both.
ѧԺĻȻѧѧʿѧλĸߵԺУ
An undergraduate division or school of a university offering courses and granting degrees in a particular field.
ֿƣƣѧһγ̻ѧλķֿƻ򵥿ƴѧ
A school, sometimes but not always a university, offering special instruction in professional or technical subjects.
רѧУְҵĿṩѯѧУһһۺϴѧ
The students, faculty, and administration of such a school or institution.
ѧУѧԺָһѧУѧԺѧʦ
The building or buildings occupied by such a school or institution.
У᣺һѧУѧԺĽȺ
Chiefly British A self-governing society of scholars for study or instruction, incorporated within a university.
Ӣ ֯һоѯѧ֯ͨѧԺڵķ֯
An institution in France for secondary education that is not supported by the state.
˽ߵѧԺķĸߵѧԺ
A body of persons having a common purpose or shared duties:
Э᣺ŹͬĿεȺ壺
a college of surgeons.
ҽЭ
An electoral college.
ͳѡ
A body of clerics living together on an endowment.
ԺһĽʿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
college courses; college faculty.
ѧԺγ̣ѧԺʦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin coll?m [association] * see  collegium 
Դ  coll?m [] *μ collegium

= =
collide
col.lide
AHD:[k-lod] 
D.J.[k*6la!d]
K.K.[k*6la!d]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
col.lid.ed,col.lid.ing,col.lides 
To come together with violent, direct impact.
ײҡֱӵĳӴ
To meet in opposition; conflict:
ִִͻ
When truths collide, compromise becomes the first casualty(Henry A. Kissinger)
ʵ໥ִʱ׵ܺЭ(A.)
?
Latin colloe 
 colloe 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺롱] 
laedere [to strike] 
laedere [ײ] 

= =
collision
col.li.sion
AHD:[k-l1zhn] 
D.J.[k*6l!9*n]
K.K.[k*6l!9*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of colliding; a crash or conflict.
ײײΪ̣ײͻ
Physics A brief dynamic event consisting of the close approach of two or more particles, such as atoms, resulting in an abrupt change of momentum or exchange of energy.
ѧ ײһӣԭӵĸ߶ȽӽѸٸı䶯Ķݶ̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin collo?}  collosi?n- 
Դ  collo?}  collosi?n- 
from Latin collos [past participle of] collodere [to collide] * see  collide 
Դ  collos  [] collodereĹȥִ [ײ] *μ collide
?
 collisional
adj.ݴʣ
?
collision,concussion,crash,impact,jar,jolt,shock
The central meaning shared by these nouns is violent forcible contact between two or more things: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡļҵǿӴ 
the midair collision of two light planes;
ͷɻڿеײ
the concussion caused by an explosion;
ըĳ
the crash of a car into a tree;
ײϣ
the impact of a sledgehammer on pilings;
ľ׮ײ
felt repeated jars as the train ground to a halt;
ͻȻͣʱоĳ𶯣
a series of jolts as the baby carriage rolled down the steps;
Ӥ¥ʱһϵеΣ
experienced the physical shock of a sudden fall to hard pavement. 
ͻȻˤеϾ 

= =
colonel
colo.nel
AHD:[k?rnl] 
D.J.[6kT8n*l]
K.K.[6kPn*l]
n.Abbr. Col.ʣд Col.
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above lieutenant colonel and below brigadier general.
У½վ򺣾½սУ֮׼֮µľ
One who holds this rank or a similar rank in another military organization.
Уӵд˾λһ֯ƾε
An honorary nonmilitary title awarded by some states of the United States.
УĳЩһַǾƺ
?
Alteration of obsolete coronel 
  coronelı仯 
from French 
Դ  
from Old Italian colonello [from diminutive of] colonna [column of soldiers] 
Դ  colonello  [] ԴcolonnaС׺ [ʿݶ] 
from Latin columna [column] * see  kel- 2
Դ  columna [ݶ] *μ kel- 2
?
colonelcy  
colonelship
n.ʣ

= =
colonial
co.lo.ni.al
AHD:[k-l?n?-l] 
D.J.[k*6l*&ni8*l]
K.K.[k*6loni*l]
adj.Abbr. col.ݴʣд col.
Of, relating to, possessing, or inhabiting a colony or colonies.
ֳصģӵлסֳصģ֮ص
Often Colonial 
  Colonial 
Of or relating to the 13 British colonies that became the original United States of America.
ֳصģΪڹ13Ӣֳصģ֮ص
Of or relating to the colonial period in the United States.
ӢֳʱڵģֳʱڵĻ
Often Colonial Of, relating to, or being a style of architecture and furniture prevalent in the American colonies just before and during the Revolution.
  Colonial ֳʱģǰں͸ڼֳصĽͼҾ߷ģ֮ص
Living in, consisting of, or forming a colony:
ֳػģסڡɻ򹹳ֳصģ
colonial organisms.
ֳ
n.ʣ
An inhabitant of a colony.
ֳؾ
A house designed in an architectural style reminiscent of the one prevalent in the American colonies just before and during the Revolution.
ֳʱһַݣڱʱڱֳصĽ
?
colonially
adv.ʣ

= =
colony
col.o.ny
AHD:[k?l-n?] 
D.J.[6kKl*ni8]
K.K.[6k$l*ni]
n.ʣ
 col.o.nies 
A group of emigrants or their descendants who settle in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country.
񣺶һǵĺԴͬйϵ
A territory thus settled.
Ⱦӵأӵĵ
Abbr. col.A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency.
д col.ֳأϱһԶҿƵĵ
A group of people with the same interests or ethnic origin concentrated in a particular area:
۾ӣͬѪͳһˣۼһĵ
the American colony in Paris.
˾۾
The area occupied by such a group.
۾ӵأȺռݵĵ
A group of people who have been institutionalized in a relatively remote area:
Ⱥ͵һƫƧĵطרƵһȺˣ
an island penal colony.
һȺ
Ecology A group of the same kind of animals, plants, or one-celled organisms living or growing together.
̬ѧ Ⱥ壺һȺһֶͬֲϸл
Microbiology A visible growth of microorganisms, usually in a solid or semisolid nutrient medium.
΢ѧ һֿɿü΢ķͨڹӪý
?
Middle English colonie 
йӢ colonie 
from Latin col?a 
Դ  col?a 
from col?s [settler] 
Դ col?s [] 
from colere [to cultivate] * see  k wel- 1
Դ colere [] *μ k wel- 1

= =
color
col.or
AHD:[k?lr] 
D.J.[6kJl*]
K.K.[6kJl+]
n.Abbr. col.ʣд col.
That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by them, definable in terms of the observer or of the light, as:
ɫɫʣͬʵĹ⾭巴γɵԣݹ۲߻߿ɽ綨Ϊ
The appearance of objects or light sources described in terms of the individual's perception of them, involving hue, lightness, and saturation for objects and hue, brightness, and 
saturation for light sources.
ɫɫʣԴӾ󣬰弰ԴɫʡȼͶ
The characteristics of light by which the individual is made aware of objects or light sources through the receptors of the eye, described in terms of dominant wavelength, luminance, 
and purity.
ɫȣһԣ˵Ӿٽʶ弰Դɽ綨Ϊȼ
A substance, such as a dye, pigment, or paint, that imparts a hue.
ϣһʣȾϡɫϻͲ
The general appearance of the skin; complexion.
ɫƤɫ
A ruddy complexion.
ķɫ
A reddening of the face; a blush.
죻糺
The skin pigmentation of a person not classed as white.
ɫֵķɫ
colors A flag or banner, as of a country or military unit.
 colors ģһһӵĻ
colors The salute made during the ceremony of raising or lowering a flag.
 colors ʱľ
colors A distinguishing symbol, badge, ribbon, or mark:
 colors ռǣһԵıǡ¡˿ӡǣ
the colors of a college.
ѧԺУ
colors One's opinion or position:
 colors һ˵
Stick to your colors.

Often colors Character or nature:
  colors ԣʻص㣺
revealed their true colors.
¶ǵĿ
Outward appearance, often deceptive:
ڵı󣬳ƭԣ
a tale with only the slightest color of truth.
һûһʵԵĹ
Appearance of authenticity:
ʵζ
testimony that lends color to an otherwise absurd notion.
ԭƵ˵ʵԵ֤
Variety of expression.
˵ͬı﷽
Vivid, picturesque detail:
ϸڣʵϸڣ
a story with a great deal of color in it.
ɫĹ
Traits of personality or behavior that attract interest.
ԸһЩ˵ĸԻֹ
The use or effect of pigment in painting, as distinct from form.
ɫ滭ʹɫʣбڹͼ
Music Tonal quality.
֡ ɫ
Law A mere semblance of legal right.
ɡ 棨ȨϷȨı
A particle or bit of gold found in auriferous gravel or sand.
΢ɳзֵĽ
Physics A quantum characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction.
ѧ ɫȷǿҷӦõ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ɫģһʣ
color photography; color television.
ɫӰɫ
v.ʣ
col.ored,col.or.ing,col.ors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To impart color to or change the color of.
ɫɫɫ
To give a distinctive character or quality to; modify.See Synonyms at bias 
Σĳʣβμ bias
To exert an influence on; affect:
ʩӰ죺ĳʩӰ죻Ӱ죺
The war colored the lives of all of us.
սӰ˵
To misrepresent, especially by distortion or exaggeration:

color the facts.
ʵ
To gloss over; excuse:
ΣΪѰҶݴʣڣ
a parent who colored the children's lies.
ΪӻԿѵļҳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take on color.
ɫ
To change color.
ɫ
To become red in the face; blush.
ˣ
?
Middle English colour 
йӢ colour 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin color * see  kel- 1
Դ  color *μ kel- 1
?
colorer
n.ʣ
?
The termsperson of color  and people of color  have been revived for use in formal contexts to refer to members or groups of non-European origin (e.g., Black people, Asians, Pacific 
Islanders, and Native Americans): 
person of color  people of color ĳƺѾָ泡ϵʹã ָŷʿ磺ˡˡ̫ƽԼˣ 
These are profound tendencies which strike at the middle class as well as the poor, at whites as well as people of color  (Jesse Jackson).
Щ̬۶в׼ˣ۶԰˻ɫֶһ ܿѷ
Many people preferpeople of color  as a rough substitute for minorities   because these groups are not in fact in the minority in many parts of America.See Usage Note at black 
ϲpeople of color Ϊ minorities ĴԴ ΪЩʵΪμ black

= =
column
col.umn
AHD:[k?lm] 
D.J.[6kKl*m]
K.K.[6k$l*m]
n.Abbr. col.,clm.ʣд col.,clm.
Architecture A supporting pillar consisting of a base, a cylindrical shaft, and a capital.
ѧ ֧ͷ֧õ
Something resembling an architectural pillar in form or function:
λ֧壺
a column of mercury in a thermometer.
ѹƵˮ
Printing One of two or more vertical sections of typed lines lying side by side on a page and separated by a rule or a blank space.
ӡˢ һлдֱӡˢ壬мɿհ״
A feature article that appears regularly in a publication, such as a newspaper.
ר£һ籨ֵֽд
A formation, as of troops or vehicles, in which all elements follow one behind the other.
Уӻгɵǰ
Botany A columnlike structure, especially one formed by the union of a stamen and the style in an orchid flower, or one formed by the united staminal filaments in flowers such as those 
of the hibiscus or mallow.
ֲѧ һνṹָʹɵĽṹָľ¥ŷϹɵ״ṹ
Anatomy Any of various tubular or pillarlike supporting structures in the body, each generally having a single tissue origin and function:
ѧ ״֧Žṹյ֧õĽṹÿֽṹеһ֯Դܣ
the vertebral column.

?
Middle English columne 
йӢ columne 
from Latin columna * see  kel- 2
Դ  columna *μ kel- 2
?
columned
AHD:[k?lmd] ݴʣ

= =
comb
comb
AHD:[k?m] 
D.J.[k*&m]
K.K.[kom]
n.ʣ
A thin toothed strip, as of plastic, used to smooth, arrange, or fasten the hair.
ӣһֳ״ϸƷͷʹͷ˳۽ͷ
An implement, such as a card for dressing and cleansing wool or other fiber, that resembles a hair comb in shape or use.
޻һֹߣϴëά޻λ;Ϻ
A currycomb.

The fleshy crest or ridge that grows on the crown of the head of domestic fowl and other birds and is most prominent in the male.
ڣڼݻͷϵڻ⼹Ҫǳͷ
Something suggesting a fowl's comb in appearance or position.
״Ķλλʹ뵽ڵĶ
A honeycomb.
״Ķ
v.ʣ
combed,comb.ing,combs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dress or arrange with or as if with a comb.
᣺û
To card (wool or other fiber).
᣺ëά
To search thoroughly; look through:
Ѳ飺׵Ѳ飻鿴
combed the dresser drawers for a lost bracelet.
׼ױѰҶʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To roll and break. Used of waves.
ӿ𣬾𣺾𲢻顣ָ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  gembh- 
Դ Ӣ *μ gembh- 

= =
combat
com.bat
AHD:[km-b2t, k?mb2t] 
D.J.[k*m6b#t, 6kKm7b#t]
K.K.[k*m6b#t, 6k$m7b#t]
v.ʣ
com.bat.ed  com.bat.ted com.bat.ing  com.bat.ting com.bats  com.bats  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To oppose in battle; fight against.
սսежԣ͡ս
To oppose vigorously; struggle against.See Synonyms at oppose 
ǿҷԣͬμ oppose
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in fighting; contend or struggle.
սսս
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mb2t] 
Fighting, especially armed battle; strife.See Synonyms at conflict 
սָսμ conflict
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to combat:
սģսĻսйصģ
flew 50 combat missions.
ִе50ս
Intended for use or deployment in combat:
սõģսʹûȵģ
combat boots; combat troops.
սѥ
?
French combattre 
 combattre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin combattere 
Դ  combattere 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺롱] 
Latin battere [to beat]  alteration of battuere 
 battere []   battuereı仯 

= =
combination
com.bi.na.tion
AHD:[k?mb-n3shn] 
D.J.[7kKmb*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[7k$mb*6ne.*n]
n.Abbr. comb.ʣд comb.
The act of combining or the state of being combined.
ϣϲϵΪϵ״̬
The result of combining.
ϣϵĽ
An alliance of persons or parties for a common purpose; an association.
壺ΪһͬĿ˻ɵˣ
A sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock.
룺ڿһϵֻĸ
Mathematics One or more elements selected from a set without regard to the order of selection.
ѧ ϣһѡȡһһԪ
?
combinational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
combine
com.bine
AHD:[km-bon] 
D.J.[k*m6ba!n]
K.K.[k*m6ba!n]
v.ʣ
com.bined,com.bin.ing,com.bines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring into a state of unity; merge.
ʹϣʹͳһ״̬ϲ
To join (two or more substances) to make a single substance, such as a chemical compound; mix.
ʹϣʹʣϳΪһʣ绯ѧϳɣ
To possess or exhibit in combination:
Ул汸
The choreography, which combines artistry and athletics, is extremely innovative.
˶赸Ǽߴ
[k?mbon] To harvest (a grain crop) using a cutting, threshing, and cleaning machine.
[k?mbon] ոոи򳡻ոׯڣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become united; coalesce.
ʹϣʹϣϲ
To join forces for a common purpose.See Synonyms at join 
ϣΪһͬĿĶμ join
Chemistry To form a compound.
ѧ ʹϣʹϳɻ
[k?mbon] To harvest a grain crop using a cutting, threshing, and cleaning machine:
[k?mbon] ոոи򳡻ոׯڣ
Norwegian bachelor farmers combining in their antique McCormacks(Garrison Keillor)
ŲĶũǵʽ˿ʽոոׯڡ(ɭл)
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mbon] 
A power-operated harvesting machine that cuts, threshes, and cleans grain.
ոһֶиʹ򳡵ո
An association of people or groups united for the furtherance of political or commercial interests.
ϣΪ˽һλҵһ˻֯
A combination.

?
Middle English combinen 
йӢ combinen 
from Old French combiner 
Դ ŷ combiner 
from Late Latin combo3re} 
Դ  combo3re} 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺һ] 
boo} [two by two] * see  dwo- 
boo} [ÿһ] *μ dwo- 
?
combiner
n.ʣ

= =
comedy
com.e.dy
AHD:[k?m1-d?] 
D.J.[6kKm!di8]
K.K.[6k$m!di]
n.ʣ
 com.e.dies д com.
A dramatic work that is light and often humorous or satirical in tone and that usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict.
ϲ磺ɵĺͳĬеĻڵǷ̵ϷƷͻ
The genre made up of such works.
ϲãƷγɵ
A literary or cinematic work of a comic nature or that uses the themes or methods of comedy.
ϲƷϲʵѧӰƷǲϲ򷽷ѧӰƷ
Popular entertainment composed of jokes, satire, or humorous performance.
ϲĿЦ̻ĬɵȺսĿ
The art of composing or performing comedy.
ϲ
A humorous element of life or literature:
ѧĬ֣
the human comedy of political campaigns.
˶Եϲ
A humorous occurrence.
Ĭ¼
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a comedy writer; a comedy show.
ϲңϲ
?
comedy of errors
A ludicrous event or sequence of events:
ƿЦ¼¼ϵУ
The candidate's campaign turned out to be a political comedy of errors.
ѡ˵˶һΪϲ
?
Middle English comedie 
йӢ comedie 
from Medieval Latin c??dia} 
Դ  c??dia} 
from Latin c?a 
Դ  c?a 
from Greek k??idia} 
Դ ϣ k??idia} 
from k??idos} [comic actor] 
Դ k??idos} [ϲԱ] 
k?s [revel] 
k?s [] 
aoidos [singer]  from aeidein [to sing] * see  wed- 2
aoidos [質]  Դ aeidein [] *μ wed- 2

= =
comet
com.et
AHD:[k?m1t] 
D.J.[6kKm!t]
K.K.[6k$m!t]
n.ʣ
A celestial body, observed only in that part of its orbit that is relatively close to the sun, having a head consisting of a solid nucleus surrounded by a nebulous coma up to 2.4 million 
kilometers (1.5 million miles) in diameter and an elongated, curved vapor tail arising from the coma when sufficiently close to the sun. Comets are thought to consist chiefly of ammonia, 
methane, carbon dioxide, and water.
ǣһ壬ȽϽӽ̫һֹܿһˡֱﵽǧİһǧӢ״緢ΧƵͷ 㹻ӽ
̫ʱһβ緢ΪҪа顢̼ˮ
?
Middle English comete 
йӢ comete 
from Old English com?a 
Դ Ӣ com?a 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek (ast??t?s} [long-haired (star)] 
Դ ϣ (ast??t?s} [ģǣ] 
from kom?} [hair] 
Դ kom?} [ͷ] 
?
cometary
AHD:[-1-tr?]   co.metic [k-mt1k] ݴʣ
?
Comets have been feared throughout much of human history,and even in our own time their goings and comings receive great attention.Perhaps a comet might seem less awesome if 
we realized that our name for it is based on a figurative resemblance between it and human beings.This figurative name is recorded first in the works of Aristotle,in which he useskom?,  
the Greek word for hair of the head, to mean luminous tail of a comet. Aristotle then uses the derived wordkom??s,}  wearing long hair, as a noun meaning comet. The 
Greek word was adopted into Latin ascom??s,}  which was refashioned in Late Latin and given the formcom?,  furnishing Old English with com?,   the earliest English ancestor of our 
wordcomet.  
ڴʷڼ䣬ǺǣԼʱǵĵȥܴܵע⡣ʶǶǻϵԣҲǿ
Ͳ̫ˡȼ¼ʿµУʹõkome ϣΪͷĴʣʾβ͡ Ȼʿʹõĵkometes 
Ϊġcomet ϣʱõΪcometes  γʽΪcometa  cometa ʽʽӢ ǵ
comet Ӣԭ 

= =
comfort
com.fort
AHD:[k?mfrt] 
D.J.[6kJmf*t]
K.K.[6kJmf*t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.fort.ed,com.fort.ing,com.forts 
To soothe in time of affliction or distress.
ο壺Կպ˵ļʱο
To ease physically; relieve.
ɣɣǳ
n.ʣ
A condition or feeling of pleasurable ease, well-being, and contentment.
죺ɡо
Solace in time of grief or fear.
ο壺ڱ˺;ʱİο
Help; assistance:

gave comfort to the enemy.
Ե˸谲ο
One that brings or provides comfort.
ṩο
The capacity to give physical ease and well-being:
ܸ֮ɺͰ
enjoying the comfort of my favorite chair.
İ
?
Middle English comforten 
йӢ comforten 
from Old French conforter [to strengthen] 
Դ ŷ conforter [ǿ] 
from Late Latin c?3re} 
Դ  c?3re} 
Latin com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
 com- [ǿǰ׺] *μ com-
Latin fortis [strong] * see  bhergh- 2
 fortis [ǿ׳] *μ bhergh- 2
?
comfortingly
adv.ʣ
?
comfort,console,solace
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give hope or help to in time of grief or pain: 
Щʱʾǡڱ˻ʹʱϣ 
comforted the distressed child;
οʹĶͯ
consoling a woman on the death of her husband;
ȥɷŮ˽οʣ
solaced myself with a hot cup of coffee. See also Synonyms at  amenity ,rest 1
һȿȰοԼ μͬ amenity,rest1

= =
comfortable
com.fort.a.ble
AHD:[k?mfr-t-bl, k?mft-bl] 
D.J.[6kJmf*t*b*l, 6kJmft*b*l]
K.K.[6kJmf*t*b*l, 6kJmft*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Providing physical comfort:
ʵģṩʵģ
a comfortable chair.

Free from stress or anxiety; at ease:
ݣʣӽŻǽѵģɵģ
not comfortable about the interview.
ڻе
Sufficient to provide financial security:
ԣģṩڰȫ㹻ģ
comfortable earnings.
ԣĹ
?
comfortableness
n.ʣ
comfortably
adv.ʣ
?
comfortable,cozy,snug,restful
These words mean affording ease of mind or body.
ЩζŸṩɡ
 Comfortable   implies the absence of sources of pain or distress: 
 Comfortable  ʾûʹգ 
sleeps in a comfortable bed;
˯ʵĴϣ
wears comfortable clothes.  The word may also suggest peace of mind: 
ʵ ˵Ҳɱʾƽ 
felt comfortable with the decision;
Ծеƽ
has a comfortable income.
гԣ롣
Cozy   evokes the image of a warm room in winterand suggests homey and reassuring ease: 
Cozy  ůҵӡ󣬲ʹͥƵİɣ 
sat in a cozy nook near the fire;
ڿһʽ䣻
had a cozy little chat.
һɵġ
Snug   brings to mind the image of a warm, secure, compact shelter: 
Snug  ʾůȫͽյڱܣ 
children snug in their beds.
ͯ˯ůʵĴϡ
Restful   suggests a quiet conducive to tranquillity: 
Restful  ʾɰƽ 
spent a restful hour reading;
ƽʱ飻
a room painted in restful colors. 
ɫ 

= =
command
com.mand
AHD:[k-m2nd] 
D.J.[k*6m#nd]
K.K.[k*6m#nd]
v.ʣ
com.mand.ed,com.mand.ing,com.mands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct with authority; give orders to.
Ȩָʾ
To have control or authority over; rule:
ָӣпƻָȨͳΣ
a general who commands an army.
ָ½Ľ
To have at one's disposal:
ĳ˴ã
a person who commands seven languages.
Ե
To deserve and receive as due; exact:
ӦãֵãʵӦܺͽգǿ
The troops' bravery commanded respect.
ӵ¸ֵ
To exercise dominating, authoritative influence over:
ƣ֧䣺пƣȨӰڣ
He commands any room he enters(Stephen Schiff)
֧κη䡱(˹ٷҡϣ)
To dominate by physical position; overlook:
ӣελÿƣӣ
a mountain commanding the valley below.
ɽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give orders.

To exercise authority or control as or as if one is a commander.
ָΪΪָӹʹȨ
n.ʣ
The act of commanding.
ָӵж
An order given with authority.
Ȩ
Computer Science A signal that initiates an operation defined by an instruction.
ѧ ָʼһָƵź
The authority to command:
ָӵȨ
an admiral in command.
ָеĺϽ
Possession and exercise of the authority to command:
֧䣬ָӣкʵʩָӵȨ
command of the seas.
ָ
Ability to control or use; mastery:
ƻʹõͨ
command of four languages.
ͨ
Dominance by location; extent of view.
ƣλƣ۲ķΧ
Abbr. cmd.
д cmd.
The jurisdiction of a commander.
ָԱĹϽȨ
A military unit, post, district, or region under the control of one officer.
ϽķΧһλԱµľµλش
A unit of the U.S. Air Force that is larger than an air force.
վӣڿвӵһվʦ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or constituting a command:
ָӵģڡйػһָӵģ
command headquarters; a command decision.
ָָܲӾ
Done or performed in response to a command:
ִеģָȥʵʩģ
a command performance.
ִָж
?
Middle English commaunden 
йӢ commaunden 
from Old French comander 
Դ ŷ comander 
from Late Latin command3e 
Դ  command3e 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǿǰ׺] *μ com-
mand3e [to entrust] * see  man- 2
mand3e [ί] *μ man- 2
?
command,order,bid,enjoin,direct,instruct,charge
These verbs mean to issue an instruction that must be obeyed.Bothcommand  and order  emphasize authority, butcommand  often suggests the authority of an official (  
ЩָصָCommand  order ǿȨ command ʱָĳһԱȨ(  
A general commands), whileorder  can sometimes imply an autocratic or highhanded quality (  
) order ʱ԰ʾһõĻѹʣ  
The teacher ordered the child to leave the room). 
Աͯ뿪ң 
 Bid   suggests an oral command: 
 Bid  ʾͷ 
I bid you be seated.Enjoin, direct, and instruct  do not connote the authority of command  or order,   but they all imply compliance.
¡Enjoin, direct instruct  command  order Ȩ Ƕʾ˳ӡ
 Enjoin   can apply both to demanding and to prohibiting a course of conduct or action: 
 Enjoin  ҪֹһϵжΪ 
Orders to intelligence operatives often enjoin secrecy.
鱨Ҫܡ
Strikers were enjoined from picketing.
չֹ߱
Direct   implies the giving of an orderbut less strongly thancommand: 
Direct  ʾcommand 
The governor directed the attorney general to investigate allegations of police corruption.
ݳָʾܼ쳤龯츯ܵı֮ʡ
Instruct   often suggests a direction to do something in a specific way: 
Instruct  ʾ涨ķָĳ£ 
Students were instructed to submit their essays before the end of the term.
ѧڽǰѧύǵСƷġ
Charge   implies the imposition of a duty: 
Charge  ʾεǿԣ 
She was charged with the supervision of the proofreaders. 
ȳеУԱļල 

= =
commander
com.mand.er
AHD:[k-m2ndr] 
D.J.[k*6m#nd*]
K.K.[k*6m#nd+]
n.ʣ
A person who commands, especially a commanding officer.
ָԱָӵˣָָӹԱ
Abbr. CDR,Cdr.,Cmd.,Cmdr,com.,Com.,Comdr.
д CDR,Cdr.,Cmd.,Cmdr,com.,Com.,Comdr.
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard that is above lieutenant commander and below captain.
УͺӾΣУУ
One who holds this rank.
־ε
The chief commissioned officer of a military unit regardless of his or her rank.
ӳָӹ٣µλҪԱľ޹
An officer in some knightly or fraternal orders.
ʿĳЩʿֵܻеĹԱ

= =
commemorate
com.mem.o.rate
AHD:[k-mm-r3t] 
D.J.[k*6mem*7re!t]
K.K.[k*6mWm*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.mem.o.rat.ed,com.mem.o.rat.ing,com.mem.o.rates 
To honor the memory of with a ceremony.See Synonyms at observe 
ĳʽμ observe
To serve as a memorial to.
Ϊṩ
?
Latin commemor3e  commemor3t- [to remind] 
 commemor3e  commemor3t- [ʹ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǿԵǰ׺] *μ com-
memor3e [to remind]  from memor [mindful] * see  (s)mer- 1
memor3e [ʹ]  Դ memor [ס] *μ (s)mer- 1
?
commemorator
n.ʣ

= =
commence
com.mence
AHD:[k-mns] 
D.J.[k*6mens]
K.K.[k*6mWns]
v.ʣ
com.menced,com.menc.ing,com.menc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To begin; start.
ʼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To enter upon or have a beginning; start.See Synonyms at begin 
пʼ𶯲μ begin
?
Middle English commencen 
йӢ commencen 
from Old French comencier 
Դ ŷ comencier 
from Vulgar Latin *cominiti3e 
Դ  *cominiti3e 
Latin com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
 com- [ǿǰ׺] *μ com-
Late Latin initi3e [to begin]  from Latin initium [beginning] * see  ei- 
 initi3e [ʼ]  Դ  initium [ͷ] *μ ei- 
?
commencer
n.ʣ

= =
commend
com.mend
AHD:[k-mnd] 
D.J.[k*6mend]
K.K.[k*6mWnd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.mend.ed,com.mend.ing,com.mends 
To represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend.
ƼΪ𾴵ġϸĻҪƼ
To express approval of; praise.See Synonyms at praise 
ʾͬ޲μ praise
To commit to the care of another; entrust.
ίУίһӦί
?
Middle English commenden 
йӢ commenden 
from Latin commend3e 
Դ  commend3e 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǿǰ׺] *μ com-
mand3e [to entrust] * see  man- 2
mand3e [ί] *μ man- 2
?
commendable
adj.ݴʣ
commendableness
n.ʣ
commendably
adv.ʣ

= =
comment
com.ment
AHD:[k?mnt] 
D.J.[6kKment]
K.K.[6k$mWnt]
n.ʣ
A written note intended as an explanation, an illustration, or a criticism of a passage in a book or other writing; an annotation.
עۣͣΪһʽһν͡˵ּ¼ע
A series of annotations or explanations.
һϵע
A statement of fact or opinion, especially a remark that expresses a personal reaction or attitude.
ۣʵĲرǱһ˵ķӦ̬ȵ
An implied conclusion or judgment:
һĽۻжϣ
a novel that is a comment on contemporary lawlessness.
һͬʱ۵С˵
Talk; gossip:
̸̸
a divorce that caused much comment.
л¼
Computer Science Text in a program that does not function in the program itself but is used by the programmer to explain instructions.
ѧ עͣע⣺еıڳûйܣɳԱȥʹָ
v.ʣ
com.ment.ed,com.ment.ing,com.ments 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a comment; remark.
עͣ
To serve as a judgmental commentary:
Ϊжṩ
Her demise comments on[the Upper East Side's]  entire way of life (Mark Muro)
[] ʽսע⡱ (ˡ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make comments on; annotate.
ԡעͣע
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin commentum [interpretation] 
Դ  commentum [] 
from Latin [contrivance] [from neuter past participle of] comminosco [to devise] * see  men- 1
Դ  []  [] ԴcomminoscoԹȥִ [] *μ men- 1
?
comment,observation,remark
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an expression of fact, opinion, or explanation: 
Щʵǡʵͣ 
made an unpleasant comment about my friend;
һѵۣ
a casual observation about the movie;
ڵӰżȻ۲죻
an offensive personal remark. 
ͻ˵ 

= =
commentary
com.men.tar.y
AHD:[k?mn-tr?] 
D.J.[6kKm*n7teri8]
K.K.[6k$m*n7tWri]
n.ʣ
 com.men.tar.ies д com.
A series of explanations or interpretations.
˵ʣۣһϵеĽͻ˵
Often commentaries An expository treatise or series of annotations; an exegesis.
  commentaries עͣѵڬ˵Եһϵע⣻ע
An apt explanation or illustration:
һǡı˵
a scandal that is a sad commentary on national politics.
Ϊڵ˱ע
Often commentaries A personal narrative; a memoir.
  commentaries ˵ƽ
?
commentarial
AHD:[-tar?-l] ݴʣ

= =
commerce
com.merce
AHD:[k?mrs] 
D.J.[6kKm*s]
K.K.[6k$m*s]
n.ʣ
Abbr. com.,comm.The buying and selling of goods, especially on a large scale, as between cities or nations.See Synonyms at business 
д com.,comm.ҵóףƷָģģڳк͹֮μ business
Intellectual exchange or social interaction.
罻
Sexual intercourse.
Խ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin commercium 
Դ  commercium 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺com-] 
merx  merc- [merchandise] 
merx  merc- [Ʒ] 

= =
commercial
com.mer.cial
AHD:[k-m?rshl] 
D.J.[k*6mT8.*l]
K.K.[k*6mP.*l]
adj.Abbr. com.,coml.,cml.ݴʣд com.,coml.,cml.
Of or relating to commerce:
ҵģҵĻҵйصģ
a commercial loan; a commercial attach.
ҵ
Engaged in commerce:
ҵģ
a commercial trucker.
ҵĿҵ
Involved in work that is intended for the mass market:
ӭϴڵģҵϢģ漰̳Ĺģ
a commercial artist.
ӭϴڵ
Of, relating to, or being goods, often unrefined, produced and distributed in large quantities for use by industry.
ģڡйػƷģΪδƵġĺͷģڹҵ
Having profit as a chief aim:
ԻΪĿĵģ
a commercial book, not a scholarly tome.
һ׬ǮΪĿĶѧԵ鼮
Sponsored by an advertiser or supported by advertising:
ɵǹɵǹģ
commercial television.
ҵ̨
n.ʣ
An advertisement on television or radio.
ڵӻߵϵĹ
?
commercially
adv.ʣ

= =
commission
com.mis.sion
AHD:[k-m1shn] 
D.J.[k*6m!.*n]
K.K.[k*6m!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of granting certain powers or the authority to carry out a particular task or duty.
ίΣίУĳȨʵضεж
The authority so granted.
ȨޣְȨȨ
The matter or task so authorized:
Ȩ
Investigation of fraud was their commission.
թǵ
A document conferring such authorization.
Ȩ飺漰Ȩļ
Abbr. Com.,com.,comm.A group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions:
д Com.,com.,comm.ţţٷȨеĳλְܵһȺˣ
The Federal Trade Commission investigates false advertising.
óίԱ鲻ʵ
Often Commission A ruling council within the Mafia that adjudicates family disputes and regulates family activities.
  Commission ίԱ᣺ֵڵĹίԱᣬöͥ˺͹ͥ
The act of committing or perpetrating:
Ϊ
the commission of a crime.

A fee or percentage allowed to a sales representative or an agent for services rendered.
ӵͬṩ۴˵ĳٷֱ
Abbr. Com.,com.,comm.An official document issued by a government, conferring on the recipient the rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces.
д Com.,com.,comm.ί״ĹٷļװڶڱԱľ
The rank and powers so conferred.
ľκȨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.mis.sioned,com.mis.sion.ing,com.mis.sions 
To grant a commission to.See Synonyms at authorize 
һμ authorize
To place an order for:
ίĳ£
commissioned a new symphony for the festival.
ΪдһµĽ
To put (a ship) into active service.
ʹ
?
in commission
In active service. Used of a ship.
Сڴ
In use or in usable condition.
ʹлʹ
on commission
With a sales commission serving as full or partial recompense for the work done:
ίУڶȫ򲿷ֳίУ
sells boats on commission.
ί۴
out of commission
Not in active service. Used of a ship.
ڷСڴ
Not in use or in working condition.
ʹû
?
Middle English commissioun 
йӢ commissioun 
from Latin commissi?}  commissi?n- 
Դ  commissi?}  commissi?n- 
from commissus [past participle of] committere [to entrust] * see  commit 
Դ commissus  [] committereĹȥִ [ί] *μ commit
?
commissional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
commit
com.mit
AHD:[k-m1t] 
D.J.[k*6m!t]
K.K.[k*6m!t]
v.ʣ
com.mit.ted,com.mit.ting,com.mits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To do, perform, or perpetrate:
ʵл򷸣
commit a murder.
ıɱ
To put in trust or charge; entrust.
ίУίлйˣ
To place officially in confinement or custody, as in a mental health facility.
ռ࣬Ѻڹٷƻ򱣻ھ񽡿ʩ
To consign for future use or reference or for preservation:
ܣΪʹáο򱣴Ĵ棺
commit the verse to memory.
ʫԺ
To put into a place to be kept safe or to be disposed of.
ڱְȫԴλ
To make known the views of (oneself) on an issue:
ʹһĹ۵㱻֪ĳԼ
I never commit myself on such issues.
ҴδЩʾ
To bind or obligate, as by a pledge:
ڣԼǿƣ羭ԣ
They were committed to follow orders.
ǶȫԸ
To refer (a legislative bill, for example) to a committee.
ѣ鰸ύίԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pledge or obligate one's own self:
ʹʹԼ
felt that he was too young to commit fully to marriage.
е̫᲻ȫе
?
Middle English committen 
йӢ committen 
from Latin committere 
Դ  committere 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺com-] 
mittere [to send] 
mittere [ʽ] 
?
committable
adj.ݴʣ
?
commit,consign,entrust,confide,relegate
These verbs mean to give over to another for a purpose such as care or safekeeping.
ЩʱʾΪһĿӦ򱣳ְȫá
 Commit   has the widest application and means to deliver to another to deal with: 
 Commit  Խ㷺Ӧú壺 
The general sent the troops committed to his charge into battle. The word can also refer to giving over for preservation or confinement: 
ָӵĲȥս ˵ҲָŬƣ 
I committed the sonata to memory.
Ҽס
The patient was committed to the hospital.  Toconsign  is to transfer to another's custody or charge:  
ҽԺ consign ָ˱   
The owner consigned the paintings to a dealer for sale.Entrust and confide  stress trust and confidence in another:  
߽ί˳ۡEntrust confide ǿԱκţ  
The task was too important to be entrusted to a child.
̫Ҫиͯ
She confided her plans to her family.  Torelegate  is to assign to a specific and especially an inferior category or position:  
Լļƻ¶ˡ relegate Ƿһĺ¼λã  
Some scientists relegate parapsychology to the sphere of quackery. 
һЩѧҰѧൽƭΧ 

= =
commitment
com.mit.ment
AHD:[k-m1tmnt] 
D.J.[k*6m!tm*nt]
K.K.[k*6m!tm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of committing, especially:
УίΣнежָ
The act of referring a legislative bill to committee.
鰸ίԱж
Official consignment, as to a prison or mental health facility.
ٷٷȨ
A court order authorizing consignment to a prison.
ԺȨи
A pledge to do.
ŵ
Something pledged, especially an engagement by contract involving financial obligation.
Լ֤飬ָ漰ʽεĺ֤ͬ
The state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons:
ж̡˻˸ϻϵϵ״̬
a deep commitment to liberal policies; a profound commitment to the family.
Ϊ߷ףԼͥԵķ

= =
committee
com.mit.tee
AHD:[k-m1t?] 
D.J.[k*6m!ti8]
K.K.[k*6m!ti]
n.Abbr. com.,Com.,comm.,Comm.ʣд com.,Com.,comm.,Comm.
A group of people officially delegated to perform a function, such as investigating, considering, reporting, or acting on a matter.See Usage Note at collective noun 
ίԱ᣺ܹٷίһְܵһȺˣ鿼졢оȡжμ collective noun
Archaic A person to whom a trust or charge is committed.
 ίλε
?
From Middle English committe [trustee] 
Դ йӢ committe [й] 
from Anglo-Norman comit [past participle of] cometre [to commit] 
Դ Ӣ comit  [] cometreĹȥִ [] 
from Latin committere * see  commit 
Դ  committere *μ commit

= =
commodity
com.mod.i.ty
AHD:[k-m?d1-t?] 
D.J.[k*6mKd!ti8]
K.K.[k*6m$d!ti]
n.ʣ
 com.mod.i.ties 
Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage.
ƷƷתҵõĶ
An article of trade or commerce, especially an agricultural or mining product, that can be transported.
Ʒһó׻ҵƷָũҵƷܹ
Advantage; benefit.

Obsolete A quantity; lot.
 һ
?
Middle English commodite 
йӢ commodite 
from Old French [convenience] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin commodit3s 
Դ  commodit3s 
from commodus [convenient] * see  commodious 
Դ commodus [] *μ commodious

= =
common
com.mon
AHD:[k?mn] 
D.J.[6kKm*n]
K.K.[6k$m*n]
adj.ݴʣ
com.mon.er,com.mon.est д com.
Belonging equally to or shared equally by two or more; joint:
ͬģƽȵϻǷģͬģ
common interests.
ͬ
Of or relating to the community as a whole; public:
ģڻйŵģڵģ
for the common good.See Usage Note at mutual 
Ϊμ mutual
Widespread; prevalent.
ռģձ
Occurring frequently or habitually; usual.
ͨģػϰߵسֵģͨ
Most widely known; ordinary:
һģ㷺ر֪ģѰģ
the common housefly.
ͨӬ
Having no special designation, status, or rank:
ͨģûı־λȼģ
a common sailor.
һλͨˮ
Not distinguished by superior or noteworthy characteristics; average:
ͻģûĻֵעģƽģ
the common spectator.
ͨ
Of no special quality; standard:
׼ģرģ׼
common procedure.
׼
Of mediocre or inferior quality; second-rate:
ͨģģ
common cloth.
εȵĲ
Unrefined or coarse in manner; vulgar:
ҰģģδĽ򾫴׵ģ׵ģ
behavior that branded him as common.
ϴӡĴΪ
Grammar 
﷨ 
Either masculine or feminine in gender.
ԵĻԵ
Representing one or all of the members of a class; not designating a unique entity.
ضģĳһгԱһģ־Ψһڵ
n.Abbr. com.ʣд com.
commons The common people; commonalty.
 commons ͨϰգƽ
commons (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
 commons 뵥ã
The political class composed of commoners.
ƽɵνײ
The parliamentary representatives of this class.
ԺԱ
Often Commons See  House of Commons 
  Commons μ  House of Commons
A tract of land, usually in a centrally located spot, belonging to or used by a community as a whole:
еأһƬ½أͨλãΪŻʹã
a band concert on the village common.
ڴڵĹϵֶֻ
The legal right of a person to use the lands or waters of another, as for fishing.
Ȩһʹһ˵غˮĺϷȨ粶
commons (used with a sing. verb)A building or hall for dining, typically at a university or college.
 commons 뵥ãѧڵĲԷõĽͨڴѧѧԺ
Common stock.
ͨ
Ecclesiastical A service used for a particular class of festivals.
̻᡿ ʽ
?
in common
Equally with or by all.
һͬеĶͬ
?
Middle English commune 
йӢ commune 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin comm?s * see  mei- 1
Դ  comm?s *μ mei- 1
?
commonly
adv.ʣ
commonness
n.ʣ
?
common,ordinary,familiar,vulgar
These adjectives describe what is generally known or frequently encountered.
Щݴʱʾձ֪򳣳ġ
 Common   applies to what is customary, takes place often, is widely used, or is well known: 
 Common  ͨġġ㷺ʹû֪ģ 
a common problem;
ͬ⣻
a common thief;
ͨС͵
the common dandelion.  The term also suggests lack of distinction and can imply coarseness or crudeness: 
ͨѹӢ ˴Ҳʾȱָӻδӹ 
drank wine of the commonest sort;
ΪձѾƣ
had a very common look about him.
źͨ
Ordinary   describes what is of the usual kind and is not distinguished in any way from others.In the latter sense it is sometimes derogatory: 
Ordinary  ָͨҲܴмġںһϣʱǱģ 
A ballpoint pen is adequate for most ordinary purposes.
ԭʺͨ;
The violinist gave a very ordinary performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.
СżȻʧֺƽ
Familiar   applies to what is well known or quickly recognized through frequent occurrence or regular association: 
Familiar  ָձ֪ĻֻͨϵѸʶģ 
a nursery rhyme familiar to most children;
ΪСϤ
sang all the old familiar songs.
й϶Ϥĸҥ
Vulgar   describes what is associated with the great mass of people: 
Vulgar  ϵģ 
He [Shakespeare] was not something sacred and aloof from the vulgar herd of men   (William Hazlitt).The word usually connotes the lack of refinement ofcommon :  
  Դ׵˵ʥ䵭Ķ  ˹أ˵ʳʾcommon ȱ  
Slurping soup directly from the bowl is vulgar. See also Synonyms at  general 
ֱӴﹾཹཱུغǴ׵ μͬ general

= =
commonplace
com.mon.place
AHD:[k?mn-pl3s] 
D.J.[6kKm*n7ple!s]
K.K.[6k$m*n7ples]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits; ordinary.
ƽģͨģûԵԻƷʵģͨ
n.ʣ
A trite or obvious remark; a platitude:
̸ƽĻƽۣ´ĵ
the solidified commonplaces of established wisdom(John Simon)See Synonyms at clich 
֪Ե̸(Լ)μ clich
Something that is ordinary or common.
ƽĻͨ
Archaic A passage marked for reference or entered in a commonplace book.
 ¼ο뱸¼еһ
?
Translation of Latin locus comm?s [generally applicable literary passage] 
  locus comm? [ձõѧ] 
translation of Greek koinos topos 
 ϣ koinos toposķ 

= =
commonwealth
com.mon.wealth
AHD:[k?mn-wlth] 
D.J.[6kKm*n7welG]
K.K.[6k$m*n7wWlG]
n.ʣ
The people of a nation or state; the body politic.
ȫ񣬹ңһһ޵񣻹
Abbr. comm.A nation or state governed by the people; a republic.
д comm.͹Ĺһݣ͹
Commonwealth 
 Commonwealth 
Used to refer to some U.S. states, namely, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
ݣָĳЩݣϦǺ͸
Used to refer to a self-governing, autonomous political unit voluntarily associated with the United States, namely, Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands.
˵ָԹܡεελԸϣ粨ͱȺ
Often Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Nations.
  Commonwealth ӢЭ
The English state and government from the death of Charles I in 1649 to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, including the Protectorate of 1653 to 1659.
Ӣ͹Ӳʿһ1649ȥ1660ָƵӢݺ16531659
Archaic The public good; commonweal.
 棻

= =
communicate
com.mu.ni.cate
AHD:[k-my?n1-k3t] 
D.J.[k*6mju8n!7ke!t]
K.K.[k*6mjun!7ket]
v.ʣ
com.mu.ni.cat.ed,com.mu.ni.cat.ing,com.mu.ni.cates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convey information about; make known; impart:
ͣݹڡϢʹ֪ڣ
communicated the new data to our office.
ǰ칫Ҵ
To reveal clearly; manifest:
ʾؽʾ
Music . . . can name the unnamable and communicate the unknowable(Leonard Bernstein)
֡Ա޷ҲԳֲ֪(ɵ¡˹̹)
To spread (a disease, for example) to others; transmit:
Ⱦɢ缲ˣ
a carrier who communicated typhus.
˺Ĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have an interchange, as of ideas.
˼
To express oneself in such a way that one is readily and clearly understood:
Ѹٺķʽ
That ability to communicate was strange in a man given to long, awkward silences(Anthony Lewis)
һ˳ڳĬıǲѰġ(ᡤ˹)
To receive Communion.
ʥ
To be connected, one with another:
ӣ
apartments that communicate.
ӵĹԢ
?
Latin comm?3re}  comm?nic3t- 
 comm?3re}  comm?nic3t- 
from comm?s [common] * see  mei- 1
Դ comm?s [ͬ] *μ mei- 1
?
communicator
n.ʣ

= =
communication
com.mu.ni.ca.tion
AHD:[k-my?n1-k3shn] 
D.J.[k*7mju8n!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[k*7mjun!6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. com.,comm.ʣд com.,comm.
The act of communicating; transmission.
ݣ͵Ϊ
The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
ͨ˼롢ϢϢ羭˵źšдΪ
Interpersonal rapport.
˼ʹϵ
communications (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The art and technique of using words effectively and with grace in imparting one's ideas.
 communications 뵥ã˵Чʹôʲŵشĳ˼ͼ
Something communicated; a message.
£Ϣ
communications A means of communicating, especially:
 communications ֶΣָ
A system, such as mail, telephone, or television, for sending and receiving messages.
ʼ绰ӣͺȡϢϵͳʼ绰
A network of routes for sending messages and transporting troops and supplies.
ͨѶ·ڷϢ;Ӻʵ·ϵͳ
communications The technology employed in transmitting messages.
 communications ͨѶڴϢļ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
communication systems; communication technology; communications equipment; communications interface.
ͨϵͳͨżͨ豸ͨŽӿ
?
communicational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
communism
com.mu.nism
AHD:[k?my-n1zm] 
D.J.[6kKmj*7n!z*m]
K.K.[6k$mj*7n!z*m]
n.ʣ
A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members.
壺ϵľϵԼƲƺгԱͬͶ֯Ϊ
Communism 
 Communism 
A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.
壺һϵɹҼƻƾãȵطƷĸߵǰ
The Marxist-Leninist version of Communist doctrine that advocates the overthrow of capitalism by the revolution of the proletariat.
壺ѧ˵˼--壬ӵͨ޲׼Ʒʱ
?
French communisme 
 communisme 
from commun [common] 
Դ commun [ͬ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin comm?s * see  commune 2
Դ  comm?s *μ commune2

= =
community
com.mu.ni.ty
AHD:[k-my?n1-t?] 
D.J.[k*6mju8n!ti8]
K.K.[k*6mjun!ti]
n.ʣ
 com.mu.ni.ties д com.
A group of people living in the same locality and under the same government.
סͬͬµһȺ
The district or locality in which such a group lives.
һȺסλ
A group of people having common interests:
йͬһȺˣ
the scientific community; the international business community.
ѧ磻ó׼
Similarity or identity:
ƻͬ
a community of interests.
ϵһ
Sharing, participation, and fellowship.
룬
Society as a whole; the public.
Ϊ᣻
Ecology 
̬ѧ 
A group of plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions.
ȺһȺֲͶбȽƵĻض໥Ӱ
The region occupied by a group of interacting organisms.
һȺ໥õռݵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
community problems; community facilities.
⣻ʩ
?
Middle English communite [citizenry] 
йӢ communite [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin comm?3s} [fellowship] 
Դ  comm?3s} [] 
from comm?s [common] * see  common 
Դ comm?s [ͬ] *μ common

= =
commute
com.mute
AHD:[k-my?t] 
D.J.[k*6mju8t]
K.K.[k*6mjut]
v.ʣ
com.mut.ed,com.mut.ing,com.mutes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel as a commuter.
ͨڣΪڳƱʹ
To make substitution or exchange.
ۻۺ
To serve as a substitute.
Ʒ
To pay in gross, usually at a reduced rate, rather than in individual payments.
һθ壺Խ۰ܼ֧ǵ֧
Logic Mathematics To satisfy or engage in a commutative operation.
߼ѧ ѧ ֱתϻ½
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To substitute (one thing for another); exchange.
棨һ´һ
To change (a penalty, debt, or payment) to a less severe one.
̣ı䣨̷ծ֧ĳ̶
n.ʣ
An act or instance of commuting, especially the trip made by a commuter:
ͨ·̣ĶӣָͨߵУ
a 22-mile commute; an easy commute.
ʮӢͨ·̣ɵͨ·
?
Middle English commuten [to transform] 
йӢ commuten [ת] 
from Latin comm?3re} 
Դ  comm?3re} 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
m?3re} [to change] * see  mei- 1
m?3re} [ı] *μ mei- 1

= =
compact
compact 1
AHD:[km-p2kt, k?m-, k?mp2kt] 
D.J.[k*m6p#kt, kKm-, 6kKm7p#kt]
K.K.[k*m6p#kt, k$m-, 6k$m7p#kt]
adj.ݴʣ
Closely and firmly united or packed together; dense:
ܵģģܺι̵ؽϻװһ𣻳ܵģ
compact clusters of flowers.
ܵĻ
Occupying little space compared with others of its type:
ռռģͬȽռĿռСģ
a compact camera; a compact car.
ռռС
Brief and to the point; concise:
ģյģ̵Ĳﵽһ㣻ģ
a compact narration.

Marked by or having a short, solid physique:
ǿģ԰Ϊ־Ļаҽʵ
a wrestler of compact build.
ʵˤѡ
v.ʣ
com.pact.ed,com.pact.ing,com.pacts[km-p2kt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To press or join firmly together:
ʹѹι̵ؼѹһ
a kitchen device that compacted the trash.
ѹĳþ
To make by pressing or joining together; compose.
ɡɣͨѹϵһ죻
To consolidate; combine.
ѡϳһ壻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be capable of being pressed tightly together or to become so pressed:
ʹѹܹؼѹһΪ˼ѹģ
garbage that compacts easily.
׼ѹ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mp2kt] 
A small case containing a mirror, pressed powder, and a powder puff.
ۺУӡѹķĩͷ˵С
An automobile that is bigger in size than a subcompact but smaller than an intermediate.
СڳߴϴڳСС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin comp3s [past participle of] compingere [to put together] 
Դ  comp3s  [] compingereĹȥִ [ŵһ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
pangere [to fasten] * see  pag- 
pangere [] *μ pag- 
?
compactly
adv.ʣ
compactness
n.ʣ
?
compact
compact 2
AHD:[k?mp2kt] 
D.J.[6kKm7p#kt]
K.K.[6k$m7p#kt]
n.ʣ
An agreement or a covenant.See Synonyms at bargain 
Լͬμ bargain
?
Latin compactum [neuter past participle of] compacosco [to make an agreement] 
 compactum  [] compacoscoԹȥִ [γЭ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
pacoo} [to agree] * see  pact 
pacoo} [ͬ] *μ pact

= =
companion
companion 1
AHD:[km-p2nyn] 
D.J.[k*m6p#nj*n]
K.K.[k*m6p#nj*n]
n.ʣ
A person who accompanies or associates with another; a comrade.
ͬ飻ͬ£˵ˣͬ־
Abbr. C.,comp.A person employed to assist, live with, or travel with another.
д C.,comp.ͬߣͬ飺԰ˡһһе
One of a pair or set of things; a mate.
֮һһԻһ֮һһеһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.pan.ioned,com.pan.ion.ing,com.pan.ions 
To be a companion to; accompany.
Ϊͬ飻
?
Middle English compaignyon 
йӢ compaignyon 
from Old French compaignon 
Դ ŷ compaignon 
from Vulgar Latin *comp3?}  comp3ni?n- 
Դ  *comp3?}  comp3ni?n- 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
Latin p3s [bread] * see  p3- 
 p3s [] *μ p3- 
?
companion
companion 2
AHD:[km-p2nyn] 
D.J.[k*m6p#nj*n]
K.K.[k*m6p#nj*n]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A companionway.
װ

= =
company
com.pa.ny
AHD:[k?mp-n?] 
D.J.[6kJmp*ni8]
K.K.[6kJmp*ni]
n.ʣ
 com.pa.nies 
A group of persons.See Synonyms at band 2
μ band2
One's companions or associates:
ͬ飬ѣĳ˵ͬ飺
moved in fast company; is known by the company she keeps.
ܿΪѣ֪ͬ
A guest or guests:
ˣ
had company for the weekend.
пĩ
The state of friendly companionship; fellowship:
꣺Ѻͬϵ״̬꣺
was grateful for her company; friends who finally parted company.
ͬʾлնϽ
A business enterprise; a firm.
ҵҵ˾
Abbr. co.,co,Co.A partner or partners not specifically named in a firm's title:
д co.,co,Co.ϻˣûרһϹ˻Ϲˣ
Lee Rogers and Company.
޽˹ϻ
A troupe of dramatic or musical performers:
Ϸ࣬ţϷԱľţ
a repertory company.
ڻݾĿľ
A subdivision of a military regiment or battalion that constitutes the lowest administrative unit. It is usually under the command of a captain and is made up of at least two platoons.
ŻӪٷֵλλͨξָӣ
A unit of firefighters.
СӣԱһλ
A ship's crew and officers.See Usage Note at collective noun 
ȫ崬Աϵȫ崬ԱԱμ collective noun
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
company policy; a company newsletter.
˾ߣ˾ҵͨѶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.pa.nied,com.pa.ny.ing,com.pa.nies 
To accompany or associate with.
롭
?
Middle English compainie 
йӢ compainie 
from Old French compaignie 
Դ ŷ compaignie 
from Vulgar Latin *comp3a 
Դ  *comp3a 
from *comp3?} [companion] * see  companion 1
Դ *comp3?} [] *μ companion1

= =
comparable
com.pa.ra.ble
AHD:[k?mpr--bl] 
D.J.[6kKmp*r*b*l]
K.K.[6k$mp*r*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Admitting of comparison with another or others:
ɱȽϵģһĽбȽϵģ
The satellite revolution is comparable to Gutenberg's invention of movable type(Irvin Molotsky)
תȵǱӡˢķȽϡ(ŷġĪ˹)
Similar or equivalent:
ƻ൱
pianists of comparable ability.
൱ĸټ
?
comparability  
comparableness
n.ʣ
comparably
adv.ʣ

= =
comparative
com.par.a.tive
AHD:[km-p2r-t1v] 
D.J.[k*m6p#r*t!v]
K.K.[k*m6p#r*t!v]
adj.Abbr. comp.,compar.ݴʣд comp.,compar.
Relating to, based on, or involving comparison.
Ƚϵģ൱ģڡڻȽϵ
Estimated by comparison; relative:
ȽϹƵģйصģ
a comparative newcomer.
Ƚ½Ա
Grammar Of, relating to, or being the intermediate degree of comparison of adjectives, asbetter, sweeter,  or more wonderful,  or adverbs, as more softly.  
﷨ ȽϼڡйػΪݴʱȽϵм伶ģ better, sweeter   more wonderful 򸱴  more softly  
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Of or relating to the synchronic typological comparison of languages.
ȽԵģڻйԵͬʱ͵ıȽϵ
Of or relating to the comparison of languages descended from a common ancestor:
ͬԱȽϵģڻйشӹͬȴԵıȽϵģ
comparative historical linguistics.
Ƚʷѧ
n.Grammar ʣ﷨ 
The comparative degree.
Ƚϼ
An adjective or adverb expressing the comparative degree.
ȽϼݴʣȽϼʣȽϼݴʻ򸱴
?
comparatively
adv.ʣ

= =
compare
com.pare
AHD:[km-par] 
D.J.[k*m6pe*]
K.K.[k*m6pWr]
v.ʣ
com.pared,com.par.ing,com.pares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; liken.
⣬ΪǻΪơȻƵģѡ
Abbr. cp.To examine in order to note the similarities or differences of.
д cp.ȽϣΪ¼Ի
Grammar To form the positive, comparative, or superlative degree of (an adjective or adverb).
﷨ ɣɣһݴʻ򸱴ʣԭȽϼ߼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be worthy of comparison; bear comparison:
ȣƥУбȽϵļֵȽϣ
two concert halls that just do not compare.
޷Ƚϵ
To draw comparisons.
Ƚϣ
n.ʣ
Comparison:
Ƚϣ
a musician beyond compare.
ױȵּ
?
compare notes
To exchange ideas, views, or opinions.
˼롢۵
?
Middle English comparen 
йӢ comparen 
from Old French comparer 
Դ ŷ comparer 
from Latin compar3e 
Դ  compar3e 
from comp3r [equal] 
Դ comp3r [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
p3r [equal] * see  per- 2
p3r [] *μ per- 2
?
comparer
n.ʣ
?
Compare  usually takes the preposition to  when it refers to the activity of describing the resemblances between unlike things:  
漰ͬԵĻʱCompare ý to   
He compared her to a summer day.
Ϊ졣
Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. 
ѧʱԱԡ 
It takeswith  when it refers to the act of examining two like things in order to discern their similarities or differences:  
漰Աǵƻʱȡwith   
The police compared the forged signature with the original.
콫αǩԭȽϡ
The committee will have to compare the Senate's version of the bill with the version that was passed by the House. 
ίԱҪԺ鰸İ汾ԺͨȽϡ 
 Whencompare  is used to mean to liken (one) with another, with  is traditionally held to be the correct form:  
compare ʾѣһһʱ with ͳΪȷʽ  
That little bauble is not to be compared with (not to ) this enormous jewel.  
ǸС費루 to  ʯȽϡ  
Butto  is frequently used in this context and is not incorrect. 
to ڴģҲȷ 

= =
comparison
com.par.i.son
AHD:[km-p2r1-sn] 
D.J.[k*m6p#r!s*n]
K.K.[k*m6p#r!s*n]
n.ʣ
The act of comparing or the process of being compared.
ȽϣȽϵΪ򱻱ȽϵĹ
A statement or estimate of similarities and differences.
ȣԺͲ
The quality of being similar or equivalent; likeness:
ƣƻͬʣƣ
no comparison between the two books.
֮ޱȽ
Grammar The modification or inflection of an adjective or adverb to denote the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.
﷨ β仯ݴʻ򸱴ʵ޸Ļβ仯ԱʾԭȽϼ߼
?
Middle English comparisoun 
йӢ comparisoun 
from Old French comparaison 
Դ ŷ comparaison 
from Latin compar3?}  compar3ti?n- 
Դ  compar3?}  compar3ti?n- 
from compar3s [past participle of] compar3re [to compare] * see  compare 
Դ compar3s  [] compar3reĹȥִ [Ƚ] *μ compare

= =
compartment
com.part.ment
AHD:[km-p?rtmnt] 
D.J.[k*m6p$8tm*nt]
K.K.[k*m6p$rtm*nt]
n.Abbr. compt.ʣд compt.
One of the parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided.
䣻գһָļֻ򼸸ռ֮һ
A separate room, section, or chamber:
С䣺ֿҡλ
a storage compartment.
һֿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.part.ment.ed,com.part.ment.ing,com.part.ments 
To compartmentalize:
֣
The information has not been compartmented(John H. Cushman, Jr.)
鱨ûзֳɼ֡(СԼH.ʲ)
?
compartmental
AHD:[k?mp?rt-mntl] ݴʣ

= =
compass
com.pass
AHD:[k?mps, k?m-] 
D.J.[6kJmp*s, 6kKm-]
K.K.[6kJmp*s, 6k$m-]
n.ʣ
A device used to determine geographic direction, usually consisting of a magnetic needle or needles horizontally mounted or suspended and free to pivot until aligned with the magnetic 
field of Earth.
ָ룺ȷ豸ͨһˮƽװҵĴ룬ɻֱųһ
Another device, such as a radio compass or a gyrocompass, used for determining geographic direction.
̣һ豸ߵ̻̣ȷ
A V-shaped device for describing circles or circular arcs and for taking measurements, consisting of a pair of rigid, end-hinged legs, one of which is equipped with a pen, pencil, or other 
marker and the other with a sharp point providing a pivot about which the drawing leg is turned.Also called  pair of compasses 
Բ棬Ź棺һV豸ڻԲԲͽжһԼ̵Ķ˲ӵ֧ˣһװиֱʡǦʻָʾһмΪͼ֧תҲ  pair 
of compasses
An enclosing line or boundary; a circumference:
ޣΧһյ߻߽磻ߣ
outside the compass of the fence.See Synonyms at circumference 
ܽμ circumference
A restricted space or area:
ƵĿռ
four huge crates within the compass of the elevator.
ĸ޴İжķΧ
Range or scope, as of understanding, perception, or authority:
ⷶΧΧй⡢оȨ
Lacking a coherent intellectual and moral commitment,[he]  was forced to find his compass in personal experience (Doris Kearns Goodwin)See Synonyms at range 
ȱԵǻۺ͵µԼ ȴӸ˾˽һС (˿˶˹ŵ)μ range
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.passed,com.pass.ing,com.pass.es 
To make a circuit of; circle:
һܣΧƣ
The sailboat compassed the island.
Ƶ
To surround; encircle.See Synonyms at surround 
ƣΧƲμ surround
To understand; comprehend.
ã
To succeed in carrying out; accomplish.See Synonyms at reach 
ﵽʵгɹɲμ reach
To scheme; plot.
ƻı
adj.ݴʣ
Forming a curved configuration.
εģ
Semicircular. Used of bow windows.
Բġڹδ
?
Middle English compas [circle, compass] 
йӢ compas [Բ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from compasser [to measure] 
Դ compasser [] 
from Vulgar Latin *compass3e [to pace off] 
Դ  *compass3e [߳] 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
Latin passus [step] * see  pace 1
 passus [] *μ pace1
?
compassable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
compatible
com.pat.i.ble
AHD:[km-p2t-bl] 
D.J.[k*m6p#t*b*l]
K.K.[k*m6p#t*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of existing or performing in harmonious, agreeable, or congenial combination with another or others:
һµģɺгģݵģܹһ˻˴ںͽںгġġ־ȤͶУ
compatible family relationships.
гļͥϵ
Capable of orderly, efficient integration and operation with other elements in a system with no modification or conversion required.
ϵģܹҪ޸ĻתһϵͳЧҪۺϺͲ
Capable of forming a chemically or biochemically stable system.
ȶģܹγɻѧﻯѧȶϵͳ
Of or relating to a television system in which color broadcasts can be received in black and white by sets incapable of color reception.
ڰײɫõģڻйһֵϵͳģͨǲɫÿɽɫĿճɺڰ
Medicine Capable of being grafted, transfused, or transplanted from one individual to another without rejection:
ҽѧ ųģܹųشһֲѪˣ
compatible blood.
ųѪ
n.ʣ
A device, such as a computer or computer software, that can be integrated into or used with another device or system of its type.
ۺϻͬ͵豸ϵͳе豸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin compatos 
Դ  compatos 
from Late Latin compato} [to sympathize] * see  compassion 
Դ  compato} [] *μ compassion
?
compatibility  
compatibleness
n.ʣ
compatibly
adv.ʣ

= =
compel
com.pel
AHD:[km-pl] 
D.J.[k*m6pel]
K.K.[k*m6pWl]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.pelled,com.pel.ling,com.pels 
To force, drive, or constrain:
ǿȡǿƣ
Duty compelled the soldiers to volunteer for the mission.
ʹ˱־Ը
To necessitate or pressure by force; exact:
ʹҪͨʹΪҪʹǿ
An energy crisis compels fuel conservation.See Synonyms at force 
Σʹȼϲμ force
To exert a strong, irresistible force on; sway:
ݣǿġɿܵڡ֧䣺
The land, in a certain, very real way, compels the minds of the people(Barry Lopez)
һֶʵķʽǵ˼롱(˹)
?
Middle English compellen 
йӢ compellen 
from Latin compellere 
Դ  compellere 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
pellere [to drive] * see  pel- 5
pellere [] *μ pel- 5
?
compellable
adj.ݴʣ
compellably
adv.ʣ
compeller
n.ʣ

= =
compensate
com.pen.sate
AHD:[k?mpn-s3t] 
D.J.[6kKmp*n7se!t]
K.K.[6k$mp*n7set]
v.ʣ
com.pen.sat.ed,com.pen.sat.ing,com.pen.sates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To offset; counterbalance.
ֲ
To make satisfactory payment or reparation to; recompense or reimburse:
ꣻԡ֧򲹳⳥򲹳
Management compensated us for the time we worked.
ʷǹʱı
To stabilize the purchasing power of (a monetary unit) by changing the gold content in order to counterbalance price variations.
Ϊƽ۲ͨıȶҵλĹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance.
ֲΪƷƽʹûṩ
?
Latin comp?3re}  comp?ns3t- 
 comp?3re}  comp?ns3t- 
com- [com-] 
com- [ʾͣ롱˼ǰ׺] 
p?3re} [to weigh] * see  (s)pen- 
p?3re} [Ȩ] *μ (s)pen- 
?
compensative
AHD:[k?mpn-s3t1v, km-pns-t1v] ݴʣ
compensator
n.ʣ
compensatory
AHD:[km-pns-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
compete
com.pete
AHD:[km-p?t] 
D.J.[k*m6pi8t]
K.K.[k*m6pit]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
com.pet.ed,com.pet.ing,com.petes 
To strive with another or others to attain a goal, such as gaining an advantage or winning a victory.See Synonyms at rival 
Ϊ˴ﵽĳĿһ˾ΪõĳӮһʤμ rival
?
Late Latin competere [to strive together] 
 competere [໥] 
from Latin [to coincide, be suitable] 
Դ  [ɺϣʺϵ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
Latin petere [to seek] * see  pet- 
 petere [Ѱ] *μ pet- 

= =
competence
com.pe.tence
AHD:[k?mp1-tns] 
D.J.[6kKmp!t*ns]
K.K.[6k$mp!t*ns]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of being adequately or well qualified; ability.See Synonyms at ability 
ʤλǳϸ״̬ʣμ ability
A specific range of skill, knowledge, or ability.
سĳһ⼼ɡ֪ʶ
Law The quality or condition of being legally qualified to perform an act.
ɡ ȨޣĳһΪȨʻ״̬
Sufficient means for a comfortable existence.
൱룺Թ
Microbiology The ability of bacteria to be genetically transformable.
΢ѧ ŴϸŴת
Medicine The ability to respond immunologically to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenic agents.
ҽѧ ϸҩ߷Ӧ

= =
competent
com.pe.tent
AHD:[k?mp1-tnt] 
D.J.[6kKmp!t*nt]
K.K.[6k$mp!t*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Properly or sufficiently qualified; capable:
ʤεģʻʤεģģ
a competent typist.
ܸɵĴԱ
Adequate for the purpose:
ʵģҪģ
a competent performance.
ְı
Law Legally qualified or fit to perform an act.
ɡ зʸģɸȨĳһΪ
?
Middle English [adequate] 
йӢ [㹻] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin compet?s  competent- [present participle of] competere [to be suitable] * see  compete 
Դ  compet?s  competent-  [] competereڷִ [ʵ] *μ compete
?
competently
adv.ʣ

= =
competition
com.pe.ti.tion
AHD:[k?mp1-t1shn] 
D.J.[7kKmp!6t!.*n]
K.K.[7k$mp!6t!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of competing, as for profit or a prize; rivalry.
ԿΪΪƷж
A test of skill or ability; a contest:
ɻı
a skating competition.

Rivalry between two or more businesses striving for the same customer or market.
֮Ϊ˶ȡͬһ߻гľ
A competitor:
ߣ
The competition has cornered the market.
¢г
Ecology The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light.
̬ѧ ̬ͬʱ޻ԴӪռ

= =
competitive
com.pet.i.tive
AHD:[km-pt1-t1v] 
D.J.[k*m6pet!t!v]
K.K.[k*m6pWt!t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, involving, or determined by competition:
ģڡ漰ȡھģ
competitive games.

Liking competition or inclined to compete:
ģϲĻھģ
a highly competitive sales representative.
һǿҾʶ۴
Biochemistry Relating to the inhibition of enzyme activity that results from the reversible combination of an enzyme with an alternate compound and prevents normal substrate binding.
ﻯѧ øõģһøĳһתԽøػֹĻ㻯ѧӦ
?
competitively
adv.ʣ
competitiveness
n.ʣ

= =
compile
com.pile
AHD:[km-pol] 
D.J.[k*m6pa!l]
K.K.[k*m6pa!l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.piled,com.pil.ing,com.piles 
To gather into a single book.
༭һ
To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources:
ࣺѸԴϻ㼯ƣ
compile an encyclopedia.
һٿȫ
Computer Science To translate (a program) into machine language.
ѧ 룺һ֣򣩷ɻ
?
Middle English compilen 
йӢ compilen 
from Old French compiler 
Դ ŷ compiler 
probably from Latin compo3re} [to plunder] 
Դ  compo3re} [Ӷ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺㡱] 
poa [heap (of stones), pillar] 
poa [ʯͷѣ] 

= =
complain
com.plain
AHD:[km-pl3n] 
D.J.[k*m6ple!n]
K.K.[k*m6plen]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
com.plained,com.plain.ing,com.plains 
To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
Թʹŭĸ
To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.
ظ棺ʽĿظ
?
Middle English compleinen 
йӢ compleinen 
from Old French complaindre  complaign- 
Դ ŷ complaindre  complaign- 
from Vulgar Latin *complangere 
Դ  *complangere 
Latin com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
 com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
Latin plangere [to lament] * see  pl3k- 2
 plangere [] *μ pl3k- 2
?
complainer
n.ʣ

= =
complaint
com.plaint
AHD:[km-pl3nt] 
D.J.[k*m6ple!nt]
K.K.[k*m6plent]
n.ʣ
An expression of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
ԹʹԹ޵ı﷽ʽ
A cause or reason for complaining; a grievance.
ԹԵɣԹԭ򣻷ߺ
A bodily disorder or disease; a malady or an ailment.
ʧ򼲲Сë
The symptom or distress about which a patient seeks medical assistance.
֢Ѱҽƾ֢״ʹ
Law 
ɡ 
The presentation by the plaintiff in a civil action, setting forth the claim on which relief is sought.
ԭĿߣԭĳԻþȼ
A formal charge, made under oath, of the commission of a crime or other such offense.
ظ棺ĵĶԷΥΪʽָ
?
Middle English compleinte 
йӢ compleinte 
from Old French complainte [from feminine past participle of] complaindre [to complain] * see  complain 
Դ ŷ complainte  [] ԴcomplaindreԹȥִ [Թ] *μ complain

= =
complement
com.ple.ment
AHD:[k?mpl-mnt] 
D.J.[6kKmpl*m*nt]
K.K.[6k$mpl*m*nt]
n.ʣ
Something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings to perfection.
㡢ʹ
The quantity or number needed to make up a whole:
Ҫ֣
shelves with a full complement of books.
װ鼮ļ
Either of two parts that complete the whole or mutually complete each other.
һеһ߻ಹ
An angle related to another so that the sum of their measures is 90=.
ǣǺΪ90㣬һǽһǵ
Grammar A word or words used after a verb to complete a predicate construction; for example, the phraseto eat ice cream  in We like to eat ice cream.  
﷨ һʺһ򼸸ʹͬɵνṹ磬ϲԱ һеĶ Ա  
Music An interval that completes an octave when added to a given interval.
֡ ̣ضȫ˶֮ļ
The full crew of officers and enlisted personnel required to run a ship.
϶ԱʻҪ䱸ȫԱڱʿ
Biochemistry A complex system of proteins found in normal blood serum that combines with antibodies to destroy pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.Also called  alexin 
ﻯѧ Ѫеģ壺ͨѪɿɵƻԭϸϸһָӵĵϵͳҲ  alexin
Logic Mathematics For a universal set, the set of all elements in the set that are not in a specified subset.
߼ѧ ѧ һϣϵԪزһӼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.ple.ment.ed,com.ple.ment.ing,com.ple.ments[-mnt]  
To serve as a complement to:
㣺
Roses in a silver bowl complement the handsome cherry table.
еõΪƯӣɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin compl?m 
Դ  compl?m 
from compl?e [to fill out] * see  complete 
Դ compl?e [װ] *μ complete
?
Complement  and compliment,  though quite distinct in meaning, are sometimes confused because they are pronounced the same.  Complement   means something that completes or 
brings to perfection: 
Complement  compliment ȻϽȻͬ ΪǷͬʱ Complement  ˼ǡʹ 
The antique silver was a complement to the beautifully set table.Compliment  
ӾȱˡCompliment  
 means an expression or act of courtesy or praise: 
˼ǡı 
They gave us a compliment on our beautifully set table. 
ǶƯӱʾ 

= =
complete
com.plete
AHD:[km-pl?t] 
D.J.[k*m6pli8t]
K.K.[k*m6plit]
adj.ݴʣ
com.plet.er,com.plet.est д comp.,cpl
Having all necessary or normal parts, components, or steps; entire:
ȫģбҪĻ򳣹Ĳ֡Ԫ裻ȫģ
a complete meal.
һٷ
Botany Having all principal parts, namely, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil or pistils. Used of a flower.
ֲѧ Ļģȫٵģࡢꡢʹڻ
Having come to an end; concluded.
ﵽβģɵ
Absolute; total:
׵ģȫģ
In Cairo I have seen buildings which were falling down as they were being put up, buildings whose incompletion was complete(William H. Gass)
ڿޣо͵¥ԼȫδɵĽ(H.˹)
Skilled; accomplished:
ģвյģ
a complete musician.
ּ߳
Thorough; consummate:
׵ģȫģ
a complete coward.
ʮų
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.plet.ed,com.plet.ing,com.pletes 
To bring to a finish or an end:
ɻ
She has completed her studies.
Ѿѧҵ
To make whole, with all necessary elements or parts:
ʹȫʹʹбԪغҪ
A second child would complete their family.
ڶʹǵļҸ
?
Middle English complet 
йӢ complet 
from Latin compl?s [past participle of] compl?re [to fill out] 
Դ  compl?s  [] compl?reĹȥִ [д] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
pl?e [to fill] * see  pel- 1
pl?e [װ] *μ pel- 1
?
completely
adv.ʣ
completeness
n.ʣ
completive
adj.ݴʣ
?
complete,close,end,finish,conclude,terminate
These verbs mean to bring or to come to a natural or proper stopping point.
ЩʶָﵽһȻʵյ㡣
 Complete   suggests the final stage in bringing an undertaking to fruition: 
 Complete  ָȡóɹһ 
Nothing worth doing is completed in our lifetime  (Reinhold Niebuhr).
 ⱲһҲûɡ  ¡Ჴգ
 Close   applies to the ending of something ongoing or continuing: 
 Close  ָڽе¼ӽյ㣺 
The orchestra closed the concert with an encore.
һεĻнֻᡣ
If there is a further falloff in ticket sales, the play will close.
Ʊ۽һµĿͻͣݡ
End   emphasizes finality: 
End  ǿ 
We ended the meal with fruit and cheese.
Եˮҡ
Where laws end, tyranny begins  (William Pitt).
 ûзƣʹ￪ʼ  ķƤأ
 Finish   is sometimes interchangeable withcomplete: 
 Finish  ʱcomplete 
Give us the tools, and we will finish the job  (Winston S. Churchill).Often, though, it suggests the addition of final details to what has already essentially been completed: 
 ǹߣǾͻЩ  ˹١S𼪶ֳʾűɵһЩϸڣ 
I finished the pillowcase with a border of lace.
Ҹ׼һߡ
Conclude   adds tocomplete  and close  a sense of formality:  
Conclude  complete  close һʽζ  
Government representatives concluded tariff negotiations.
ǽ˹˰̸С
The article concluded with a restatement of the major points presented.
ƪ½βٴּ
Terminate   more specifically suggests reaching an established limit in time or space: 
Terminate  רָﵽһʱռԤ޶ȣ 
The mayor terminated the press conference with a few words of thanks.
гŷʱٴ˵ЩлĻ
The family lives on a dead-end street that terminates at a fence. 
סΧʵľͷ 
?
Complete  is sometimes held to be an absolute term likeperfect  or chief,  which is not subject to comparison. Nonetheless, it can be qualified asmore  or less,  for example. A majority 
of the Usage Panel accepts the example 
Complete ʱоԵζ ǱȽݴperfect  chief  Ȼmore  less Ρ ÷רʹСԱľӣ 
His book is the most complete treatment of the subject. See Usage Note at perfect 
꾡 μ perfect

= =
complex
com.plex
AHD:[km-plks, k?mplks] 
D.J.[k*m6pleks, 6kKm7pleks]
K.K.[k*m6plWks, 6k$m7plWks]
adj.ݴʣ
Consisting of interconnected or interwoven parts; composite.
ϵģɻ֯Ĳֹɵģϵ
Composed of two or more units:
ϳɵģԪɵģ
a complex carbohydrate.
̼ˮ
Involved or intricate, as in structure; complicated.
ӵģڽṹǣ϶Ļ۸ӵģӵ
Grammar 
﷨ 
Consisting of at least one bound form. Used of a word.
ϴʵģһʽġڵ
Consisting of an independent clause and at least one other independent or dependent clause. Used of a sentence.
ϾģһһǶӾġھ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mplks] 
A whole composed of interconnected or interwoven parts:
ϳ壺໥֯Ĳɵ壺
a complex of cities and suburbs; the military-industrial complex.
ǽ壻¹ҵϳ
Psychiatry A group of related, often repressed ideas and impulses that compel characteristic or habitual patterns of thought, feelings, and behavior.
ѧ ᣺һصĿƺ˼롢оΪϰߵĹͳ嶯
An exaggerated or obsessive concern or fear.
ĻĵĻ־
Medicine The combination of factors, symptoms, or signs of a disease or disorder that forms a syndrome.
ҽѧ ۺ֢״γۺϲ֢ȫء֢򼲲ʧڱۺ
?
Latin complexus [past participle of] complecto [to entwine] * see  complect 
 complexus  [] complectoĹȥִ [ʹ] *μ complect
?
complexly
adv.ʣ
complexness
n.ʣ
?
complex,complicated,intricate,involved,tangled,knotty
These adjectives mean having parts so interconnected as to make the whole perplexing.
Щݴʶָּ໥Ӷʹ帴Ѷ
 Complex   implies a combination of many associated parts: 
 Complex  ֵָϣ 
The composer transformed a simple folk tune into a complex set of variations.
λҰһ׼򵥵Сıһ׸ӵı
Complicated   stresses elaborate relationship of parts: 
Complicated  ǿ֮ϸ΢ϵ 
Middle Eastern politics is so complicated that even experts cannot agree on a cohesive policy.
ж˸רҲƶͳһߡ
Intricate   refers to a pattern of intertwining parts that is difficult to follow or analyze: 
Intricate  ڸֽ֯һֻ 
No one could soar into a more intricate labyrinth of refined phraseology  (Anthony Trollope).
 ûܹʽӵרҵԹ  ᡤѣ
 Involved   stresses confusion arising from the commingling of parts and the consequent difficulty of separating them: 
 Involved  ǿǰѸֻһֵģ 
The plot of the play has been criticized as being too involved.
籾ڻҶ⵽
Tangled   strongly suggests the random twisting of many parts: 
Tangled  ǿҰʾಿػһ 
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,/When first we practice to deceive!  (Sir Walter Scott).
 ޣһŻң/ǵһͼʹթʱ!  ض˹ͼؾʿ
 Knotty   stresses intellectual complexity leading to difficulty of solution or comprehension: 
 Knotty  ǿϵڽ⣺ 
Even the professor couldn't clarify the knotty point. 
Ҳ޷⡣ 

= =
complicate
com.pli.cate
AHD:[k?mpl1-k3t] 
D.J.[6kKmpl!7ke!t]
K.K.[6k$mpl!7ket]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
com.pli.cat.ed,com.pli.cat.ing,com.pli.cates 
To make or become complex or perplexing.
ʹӻ
To twist or become twisted together.
ʹ鷳ʹƻһ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-k1t] 
Complex, intricate, and involved.
ӵġ۵ĺ漰
Biology Folded longitudinally one or several times, as certain leaves or the wings of some insects.
ѧ Ҷģ۵һλΣָĳЩҶӻһЩĳ
?
Latin complic3e  complic3t- [to fold together] 
 complic3e  complic3t- [۵һ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ġ] 
plic3e [to fold] * see  plek- 
plic3e [۵] *μ plek- 

= =
complicated
com.pli.cat.ed
AHD:[k?mpl1-k3t1d] 
D.J.[6kKmpl!7ke!t!d]
K.K.[6k$mpl!7ket!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing intricately combined or involved parts.
ӵģд۸ӵĽϻӲֵ
 Not easy to understand or analyze.See Synonyms at complex ,elaborate 
ѶģĲμ complex,elaborate
?
complicatedly
adv.ʣ
complicatedness
n.ʣ

= =
complication
com.pli.ca.tion
AHD:[k?mpl1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7kKmpl!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7k$mpl!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of complicating.
ӣʹӵΪ
A confused or intricate relationship of parts.
ңֻһ۵Ĺϵ
A factor, a condition, or an element that complicates.
һӵءλԪ
Medicine A secondary disease, an accident, or a negative reaction occurring during the course of an illness and usually aggravating the illness.
ҽѧ ֢һּĽзĵڶֲ֢ãʹǰ߽һ

= =
comply
com.ply
AHD:[km-plo] 
D.J.[k*m6pla!]
K.K.[k*m6pla!]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
com.plied,com.ply.ing,com.plies 
To act in accordance with another's command, request, rule, or wish:
ӣձ˵Ҫ󡢹ػϣȥ
The patient complied with the physician's orders.
ҽ
Obsolete To be courteous or obedient.
 ӵ
?
Middle English complien [to carry out, fulfill] 
йӢ complien [ִУ] 
from Old French complir 
Դ ŷ complir 
from Latin compl?e * see  complete 
Դ  compl?e *μ complete

= =
compliment
com.pli.ment
AHD:[k?mpl-mnt] 
D.J.[6kKmpl*m*nt]
K.K.[6k$mpl*m*nt]
n.ʣ
An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.
άĽףصı﷽ʽ
A formal act of civility, courtesy, or respect.
⣺𾴵ʽΪ
compliments Good wishes; regards:
 compliments ףԸ⣺
Extend my compliments to your parents.See Usage Note at complement 
㸸ĸʺòμ complement
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.pli.ment.ed,com.pli.ment.ing,com.pli.ments 
To pay a compliment to.
򡭵
To show fondness, regard, or respect for by giving a gift or performing a favor.
⣺ͨṩϲ֮
?
French 
 
from Italian complimento 
Դ  complimento 
from Spanish cumplimiento 
Դ  cumplimiento 
from cumplir [to complete] 
Դ cumplir [ʹ] 
from Latin compl?e [to fill up] 
Դ  compl?e [] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
pl?e [to fill] * see  pel- 1
pl?e [װ] *μ pel- 1

= =
component
com.po.nent
AHD:[km-p?nnt] 
D.J.[k*m6p*&n*nt]
K.K.[k*m6pon*nt]
n.ʣ
A constituent element, as of a system.See Synonyms at element 
ɷ֣ϵͳҪزμ element
A part of a mechanical or electrical complex.
еṹɲ
Mathematics One of a set of two or more vectors having a sum equal to a given vector.
ѧ Ҫأ͵ڸеһ
Any of the minimum number of substances required to specify completely the composition of all phases of a chemical system.
֣һȫָֻѧϵͳйɳɷ
adj.ݴʣ
Being or functioning as a constituent or an ingredient.
ϳɵģǻΪһɲֻɷֵ
?
From Latin comp??ns}  comp?nent- [present participle of] comp?nere [to put together] 
Դ  comp??ns}  comp?nent-  [] comp?nereڷִ [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ϳɡ] 
p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
componential
AHD:[k?mp-nnshl] ݴʣ

= =
compose
com.pose
AHD:[km-p?z] 
D.J.[k*m6p*&z]
K.K.[k*m6poz]
v.ʣ
com.posed,com.pos.ing,com.pos.es д comp.
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make up the constituent parts of; constitute or form:
ɸɣɻγɣ
an exhibit composed of French paintings; the many ethnic groups that compose our nation.See Usage Note at comprise 
һη滭չǹҵĶμ comprise
To make or create by putting together parts or elements.
϶ɣͨϲԪ
To create or produce (a literary or musical piece).
ѧƷ
To make (oneself) calm or tranquil:
ʹƽʹԼƽ
Compose yourself and deal with the problems logically.
侲ԵĴ
To settle or adjust; reconcile:
ʹɺͽ⣺
They managed to compose their differences.
跨֮ķ
To arrange aesthetically or artistically.
׵ţػذ
Printing To arrange or set (type or matter to be printed).
ӡˢ Ű棺Żãӡˢİ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To create a literary or a musical piece.
ѧƷ
Printing To set type.
ӡˢ Ű
?
Middle English composen 
йӢ composen 
from Old French composer 
Դ ŷ composer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to put, place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [ţ] *μ pose1
of Latin comp?e * see  component 
  comp? *μ component

= =
composite
com.pos.ite
AHD:[km-p?z1t] 
D.J.[k*m6pKz!t]
K.K.[k*m6p$z!t]
adj.Abbr. comp.ݴʣд comp.
Made up of distinct components; compound.
ϳɵģͬɷɵģϵ
Mathematics Having factors; factorable.
ѧ ɷֽģӵģɷֽ
Botany Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the composite family.
ֲѧ տƵģڡڻоտ
Composite Architecture Of, relating to, or being in the Composite order.
 Composite ѧ ۺʽģڡڻۺʽ
n.Abbr. comp.ʣд comp.
A structure or an entity made up of distinct components.See Synonyms at mixture 
ϳɲͬɷֹɵĽṹʵμ mixture
A complex material, such as wood or fiberglass, in which two or more distinct, structurally complementary substances, especially metals, ceramics, glasses, and polymers, combine to 
produce structural or functional properties not present in any individual component.
ϲϣֲֻͬĻʣرǽմɡۺɵľ½ṹԲҲٱԪʵĲ
Botany A composite plant.
ֲѧ տֲ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin compositus [past participle of] comp?nere [to put together] * see  component 
Դ  compositus  [] comp?nereĹȥִ [鲢] *μ component
?
compositely
adv.ʣ
compositeness
n.ʣ

= =
composition
com.po.si.tion
AHD:[k?mp-z1shn] 
D.J.[7kKmp*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7k$mp*6z!.*n]
n.Abbr. comp.ʣд comp.
The combining of distinct parts or elements to form a whole.
ɣͬĲֺԪؽϳΪһ
The manner in which such parts are combined or related.
ɷѲϻķ
General makeup:
һ֯
the changing composition of the electorate.
иıѡ֯
The result or product of composing; a mixture or compound.
ϳϳɵĽ򻯺
Arrangement of artistic parts so as to form a unified whole.
֣ƷļԲγһ
The art or act of composing a musical or literary work.
ѧƷ
A work of music, literature, or art, or its structure or organization.
֡ѧƷṹ֯
A short essay, especially one written as an academic exercise.
ģСɢģָдɵҵϰ
Law A settlement whereby the creditors of a debtor about to enter bankruptcy agree, in return for some financial consideration, usually proffered immediately, to the discharge of their 
respective claims on receipt of payment which is in a lesser amount than that actually owed on the claim.
ɡ ͽ⣺ծȨ֮ծƲʱɵЭ飬ͨҪծṩһĽǮԼΪرծȨյԿ󣬴˿һҪ
Ҫʵ
Linguistics The formation of compounds from separate words.
ѧ Ϲʷɸϴʵʽ
Printing Typesetting.
ӡˢ Ű
?
Middle English composicioun 
йӢ composicioun 
from Old French composition 
Դ ŷ composition 
from Latin compositi?}  compositi?n- 
Դ  compositi?}  compositi?n- 
from compositus [past participle of] comp?nere [to put together] * see  component 
Դ compositus  [] comp?nereĹȥִ [] *μ component
?
compositional
adj.ݴʣ
compositionally
adv.ʣ

= =
compound
compound 1
AHD:[k?m-pound, km-, k?mpound] 
D.J.[kKm6pa&nd, k*m-, 6kKm7pa&nd]
K.K.[k$m6pa&nd, k*m-, 6k$m7pa&nd]
v.ʣ
com.pound.ed,com.pound.ing,com.pounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To combine so as to form a whole; mix.
ϣϣԳΪ壻
To produce or create by combining two or more ingredients or parts:
ƣֳֻͨɷֻ򲿷ֶ죺
pharmacists compounding prescriptions.
ҩʦ䴦
To settle (a debt, for example) by agreeing on an amount less than the claim; adjust.
ͽ⣺ͬԭծ񣩣
To compute (interest) on the principal and accrued interest.
ԸϢԱͲۻϢΪϢ
To add to; increase:
ʹӣӣ
High winds compounded the difficulties of the firefighters.
ʹԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To combine in or form a compound.
ϣγɻ
To come to terms; agree.
ͽ⣺Э飻ͬ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[k?mpound, k?m-pound, km-] 
Consisting of two or more substances, ingredients, elements, or parts.
ϵģֻʡɷ֡Ԫػ򲿷ֵ
Botany Composed of more than one part.
ֲѧ ϵģɶಿɵ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mpound] д comp.,cpd.
A combination of two or more elements or parts.See Synonyms at mixture 
ֻԪػ򲿷ֹɵĻμ mixture
Linguistics A word that consists either of two or more elements that are independent words, such asloudspeaker, baby-sit,  or high school,  or of specially modified combining forms of 
words, such as Greek philosophia,  from philo-,  loving, and sophia,  wisdom. 
ѧ ֵ֣֣loudspeaker, baby-sit  high school δʻϳɵģϣ philosophia  philo- Ϊ 
sophia Ϊǻۡ϶ 
Chemistry A pure, macroscopically homogeneous substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions that cannot be separated by physical 
means. A compound usually has properties unlike those of its constituent elements.
ѧ һִĺͬʣֲֻͬԪصԭӻӰһı϶ɣҲ롣һϳԪ
ͬ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A leaf whose blade is divided into two or more distinct leaflets.
ҶҶ汻ֳСҶ
A pistil composed of two or more united carpels.
ӷƤĴ
?
Alteration of Middle English compounen 
 йӢ compounenı仯 
from Old French componre, compondre [to put together] 
Դ ŷ componre, compondre [鲢] 
from Latin comp?e * see  component 
Դ  comp?e *μ component
?
compoundable
adj.ݴʣ
compounder
n.ʣ
?
compound
compound 2
AHD:[k?mpound] 
D.J.[6kKm7pa&nd]
K.K.[6k$m7pa&nd]
n.ʣ
A building or buildings, especially a residence or group of residences, set off and enclosed by a barrier.
ΧأΧΧĽȺָסլ
An enclosed area used for confining prisoners of war.
Ӫսķճ
?
Alteration of Malay kampong [village] 
  kampongı仯 [] 

= =
comprehension
com.pre.hen.sion
AHD:[k?mpr1-hnshn] 
D.J.[7kKmpr!6hen.*n]
K.K.[7k$mpr!6hWn.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of; understanding.
⣺⡭˼ʻҪԵΪʵ
The knowledge that is acquired in this way.
ַͨʽõ֪ʶ
Capacity to include.

Logic The sum of meanings and corresponding implications inherent in a term.
߼ѧ ںһеĺͰ˼ܺ
?
Middle English comprehensioun 
йӢ comprehensioun 
from Latin compreh??}  compreh?nsi?n- 
Դ  compreh??}  compreh?nsi?n- 
from compreh?s [past participle of] comprehendere [to comprehend] * see  comprehend 
Դ compreh?s  [] comprehendereĹȥִ [] *μ comprehend

= =
comprehensive
com.pre.hen.sive
AHD:[k?mpr1-hns1v] 
D.J.[7kKmpr!6hens!v]
K.K.[7k$mpr!6hWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
So large in scope or content as to include much:
㷺ģڷΧϰ㷺ģ
a comprehensive history of the revolution.
˸¼㷺ʷ
Marked by or showing extensive understanding:
ģ־Żʾ㷺ģ
comprehensive knowledge.
֪ʶ
n.ʣ
Often comprehensives Examinations covering the entire field of major study, given in the final undergraduate or graduate year of college.
  comprehensives ҵԣڱоһеĸȫרҵΧĿ
Abbr. comp.A preliminary layout showing all the elements planned for an advertisement.
д comp.ƣʾƹȫҪصĳ
?
Late Latin compreh?ovus} [conceivable] 
 compreh?ovus} [ŵ] 
from compreh?s [past participle of] comprehendere [to comprehend] * see  comprehend 
Դ compreh?s  [] comprehendereĹȥִ [] *μ comprehend
?
comprehensively
adv.ʣ
comprehensiveness
n.ʣ

= =
compress
com.press
AHD:[km-prs] 
D.J.[k*m6pres]
K.K.[k*m6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.pressed,com.press.ing,com.press.es 
To press together:
ѹһ
compressed her lips.
촽
To make more compact by or as if by pressing.See Synonyms at contract 
ѹѹѹʹܲμ contract
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?mprs] 
Medicine A soft pad of gauze or other material applied with pressure to a part of the body to control hemorrhage or to supply heat, cold, moisture, or medication to alleviate pain or 
reduce infection.
ҽѧ 󲼣ָһĳһλɴϣֹѪṩȡ䡢ʪҩԼʹֹȾ
A machine for compressing material.
ѹѹƷĻ
?
Middle English compressen 
йӢ compressen 
from Old French compresser 
Դ ŷ compresser 
from Late Latin compress3e 
Դ  compress3e 
frequentative of Latin comprimere 
  comprimereظ 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ѹ] 
premere [to press] * see  per- 4
premere [ѹ] *μ per- 4

= =
comprise
com.prise
AHD:[km-proz] 
D.J.[k*m6pra!z]
K.K.[k*m6pra!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
com.prised,com.pris.ing,com.pris.es 
To consist of; be composed of:
ɡɣɡɣ
The French got . . . French Equatorial Africa, comprising several territories(Alex Shoumatoff)
˵õɼɵķ޵(˹Фз)
To include; contain:

The word politics . . . comprises, in itself, a difficult study of no inconsiderable magnitude(Charles Dickens)See Synonyms at include 
ѧʱͰ˸ӹѧʡ(˹Ҹ˹)μ include
Usage Problem To compose; constitute:
÷ѡ ɣɣ
Put together the slaughterhouses, the steel mills, the freight yards . . . that comprised the city(Saul Bellow)
е׳Ƹֳ˳ȡ()
?
Middle English comprisen 
йӢ comprisen 
from Old French compris [past participle of] comprendre [to include] 
Դ ŷ compris  [] comprendreĹȥִ [] 
from Latin comprehendere * see  comprehend 
Դ  comprehendere *μ comprehend
?
comprisable
adj.ݴʣ
?
The traditional rule states that the wholecomprises  the parts; the parts compose  the whole. In strict usage: 
ͳΪcomprises ֣ compose ɣ塣 ϸ÷ǣ 
The Union comprises 50 states.
50ݡ
Fifty states compose (or constitute  or make up ) the Union.  
50ɣ constitute  make up )   
 While this distinction is still maintained by many writers,comprise  is increasingly used, especially in the passive, in place of compose: The Union is comprised of 50 states.  In an 
earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel found this use ofcomprise  unacceptable. See Usage Note at include 
ȻȻ򣬵comprise ԽԽȡ compose50ݡ  ȵĵУ÷רʹСԱΪcomprise ÷ǲɽ
ܵ μ include

= =
compromise
com.pro.mise
AHD:[k?mpr-moz] 
D.J.[6kKmpr*7ma!z]
K.K.[6k$mpr*7ma!z]
n.ʣ
A settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions.
Э˫òķ
The result of such a settlement.
ЭĽ
Something that combines qualities or elements of different things:
ԲͬʺҪصĲ
The incongruous design is a compromise between high tech and early American.
ЭǸ߿ƼʽԵĲ
A concession to something detrimental or pejorative:
ΣһЩкò
a compromise of morality.
µɥ
v.ʣ
com.pro.mised,com.pro.mis.ing,com.pro.mis.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To settle by concessions.
Эͨò
To expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute:
ۣʹ¶Σաɻܻ
an embassy that was compromised by hidden listening devices.
վĴʹ
Obsolete To pledge mutually.
 ౣ֤
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a compromise.
ò
?
Middle English compromis 
йӢ compromis 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin compr?m [mutual promise] [from neuter past participle of] compr?mittere [to promise mutually] 
Դ  compr?m [ŵ]  [] Դcompr?mittereԹȥִ [ౣ֤] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ࡱ] 
pr?e [to promise] * see  promise 
pr?e [ŵ] *μ promise
?
compromiser
n.ʣ

= =
compulsory
com.pul.so.ry
AHD:[km-p?ls-r?] 
D.J.[k*m6pJls*ri8]
K.K.[k*m6pJls*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
Obligatory; required:
޵ģģҪģ
a compulsory examination.
ҪĿ
Employing or exerting compulsion; coercive.
ǿƵģʹûʩѹģǿȵ
n.ʣ
 com.pul.so.ries ˶ 
A school figure. Often used in the plural.
ޡһ
?
compulsorily
adv.ʣ
compulsoriness
n.ʣ

= =
compute
com.pute
AHD:[km-py?t] 
D.J.[k*m6pju8t]
K.K.[k*m6pjut]
v.ʣ
com.put.ed,com.put.ing,com.putes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine by mathematics, especially by numerical methods:
㣺ѧ㣬ֵָķ
computed the tax due.See Synonyms at calculate 
˰μ calculate
To determine by the use of a computer.
ü
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To determine an amount or number.
㣺
To use a computer.
ʹü
n.ʣ
Computation:
㣺
amounts beyond compute.
Ƶ
?
Latin comput3e 
 comput3e 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺㡱] 
put3e [to reckon] * see  peu- 
put3e [] *μ peu- 
N., from Late Latin computus 
ʣԴ  computus 
from Latin comput3e [to compute] 
Դ  comput3e [] 
?
computability
n.ʣ
computable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
computer
com.put.er
AHD:[km-py?tr] 
D.J.[k*m6pju8t*]
K.K.[k*m6pjut+]
n.ʣ
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise 
processes information.
ָɽиѧ߼ࡢ洢ϢĿɱ̵ĵӻ
One who computes.

n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
computer programming; computer software.
̣

= =
comrade
com.rade
AHD:[k?mr2d, -rd] 
D.J.[6kKm7r#d, -r*d]
K.K.[6k$m7r#d, -r*d]
n.ʣ
A person who shares one's interests or activities; a friend or companion.
ͬ־˹һμӻˣѻ
Often Comrade A fellow member of a group, especially a fellow member of the Communist Party.
  Comrade Աĳ֯еһԱָһԱ
?
French camarade 
 camarade 
from Old French [roommate] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Old Spanish camarada [barracks company, roommate] 
Դ  camarada [սѣ] 
from camara [room] 
Դ camara [] 
from Late Latin camera * see  chamber 
Դ  camera *μ chamber
?
comradeship
n.ʣ
?
A comrade can be socially or politically close,a closeness that is found at the etymological heart of the wordcomrade.   In Spanish the Latin wordcamara,  with its Late Latin meaning 
chamber, room, was retained, and the derivativecamarada,  with the sense roommates, especially barrack mates, was formed. Camarada  then came to have the general sense 
companion. English borrowed the word from Spanish and French,Englishcomrade  being first recorded in the 16th century. The political sense ofcomrade,  now associated with 
Communism, had its origin in the late-19th-century use of the word as a title by socialists and communists in order to avoid such forms of address asmister.   This usage, which 
originated during the French Revolution,is first recorded in English in 1884.
ͬ־ιϵܵģܵ˼Դcomrade ĴԴҵ Уcamara Ա˼С䣬䡱 ͬʱ
camarada ˼ǡѣָͬӪսѡ Camarada һ㡰ͬ顱˼ ӢͷнʣӢcomrade һγ16
 comrade 빲ģ 19ĩΪ߻򹲲ߵǰmister һʵġ ÷Դڷʱڣ
һӢг1884ꡣ

= =
conceal
con.ceal
AHD:[kn-s?l] 
D.J.[k*n6si8l]
K.K.[k*n6sil]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.cealed,con.ceal.ing,con.ceals 
To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide.See Synonyms at hide 1
أֹҵ۲쵽֣زμ hide1
?
Middle English concelen 
йӢ concelen 
from Old French conceler 
Դ ŷ conceler 
from Latin conc?3re} 
Դ  conc?3re} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
c?3re} [to hide] * see  kel- 1
c?3re} [] *μ kel- 1
?
concealable
adj.ݴʣ
concealer
n.ʣ
concealment
n.ʣ

= =
concede
con.cede
AHD:[kn-s?d] 
D.J.[k*n6si8d]
K.K.[k*n6sid]
v.ʣ
con.ced.ed,con.ced.ing,con.cedes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit.See Synonyms at acknowledge 
ϣͨǲԸسϡġʵģϲμ acknowledge
To yield or grant (a privilege or right, for example).See Synonyms at grant 
裺裨ȨȨμ grant
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a concession; yield:
ò
The losing candidate conceded at midnight after the polls had closed.
ͶƱ󣬰ܱĺѡҹʱ
?
French concder 
 concder 
from Latin conc?e 
Դ  conc?e 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
c?e [to yield] * see  ked- 
c?e [] *μ ked- 
?
concededly
AHD:[-s?d1d-l?] ʣ
conceder
n.ʣ

= =
conceive
con.ceive
AHD:[kn-s?v] 
D.J.[k*n6si8v]
K.K.[k*n6siv]
v.ʣ
con.ceived,con.ceiv.ing,con.ceives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To become pregnant with (offspring).
УʼУ̥
To form or develop in the mind; devise:
˼Ժƻ˼ƣ
conceive a plan to increase profits.
һļƻ
To apprehend mentally; understand:
ף⣺
couldn't conceive the meaning of that sentence.
޷Ǿ仰˼
To be of the opinion that; think:
ΪĹ۵㣻Ϊ
didn't conceive such a tragedy could occur.
û뵽ᷢı
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form or hold an idea:
һ뷨
Ancient peoples conceived of the earth as flat.
Ϊƽ
To become pregnant.

?
Middle English conceiven 
йӢ conceiven 
from Old French concevoir  conceiv- 
Դ ŷ concevoir  conceiv- 
from Latin concipere 
Դ  concipere 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 
?
conceivability  
conceivableness
n.ʣ
conceivable
adj.ݴʣ
conceivably
adv.ʣ
conceiver
n.ʣ

= =
concentrate
con.cen.trate
AHD:[k?nsn-tr3t] 
D.J.[6kKns*n7tre!t]
K.K.[6k$ns*n7tret]
v.ʣ
con.cen.trat.ed,con.cen.trat.ing,con.cen.trates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct or draw toward a common center; focus.
Уʹָͬһģۼ
To bring into one main body:
һ壺
Authority was concentrated in the president.
Ȩͳһ
To make (a solution or mixture) less dilute.
ŨŨҺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To converge toward or meet in a common center.
Улͬһ
To increase by degree; gather:
ۼ̶ӣУ
Dusk began to concentrate into full night(Anthony Hyde)
ĺʼ۳ɺҹ(ᡤ)
To direct one's thoughts or attention:
ȫע
We concentrated on the task before us.
רעǰ
n.Abbr. conc.ʣд conc.
A product that has been concentrated, especially a food that has been reduced in volume or bulk by the removal of liquid:
ŨƷŨĲָˮСʳ
pineapple juice concentrate.
Ũ֭
?
From concenter 
Դ concenter
?
concentrative
adj.ݴʣ
concentratively
adv.ʣ
concentrator
n.ʣ

= =
concentration
con.cen.tra.tion
AHD:[k?nsn-tr3shn] 
D.J.[7kKns*n6tre!.*n]
K.K.[7k$ns*n6tre.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of concentrating, especially the fixing of close, undivided attention.
רģȫעĶָ̣רעġɢעļ
The condition of being concentrated.
ȫע״̬
Something that has been concentrated.
ŨƷ
Chemistry The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance.
ѧ Ũȣĳһλһضʵĺ

= =
concept
con.cept
AHD:[k?nspt] 
D.J.[6kKn7sept]
K.K.[6k$n7sWpt]
n.ʣ
A general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences.
ضλ¼еõƶϳһ뷨
Something formed in the mind; a thought or notion.See Synonyms at idea 
뷨Ժγɵ뷨˼μ idea
Usage Problem A scheme; a plan:
÷ѡ 룻ƻ
began searching for an agency to handle a new restaurant concept(ADWEEK)
ʼѰһȫ²͹ݸľˡ(ܿ)
?
Late Latin conceptus 
 conceptus 
from Latin [past participle of] concipere [to conceive] * see  conceive 
Դ   [] concipereĹȥִ [] *μ conceive
?
In fields such as entertainment and advertising,concept  is often used loosely to mean a scheme, plan, as inThe studio liked the concept for the new game show and decided to put 
it into development.  Perhaps this usage sounds most at home in these industries.
ҵУconcept ͨϸָһơƻ ݺרΪչʾƶ»Ƶġ  ҵ÷ص

= =
conception
con.cep.tion
AHD:[kn-spshn] 
D.J.[k*n6sep.*n]
K.K.[k*n6sWp.*n]
n.ʣ
Formation of a viable zygote by the union of the male sperm and the female ovum; fertilization.
ܾͨԾϸ϶γܾѵḶܾ́
The entity formed by the union of the male sperm and the female ovum; an embryo or a zygote.
ӣӽϳɵ壻̥
The ability to form or understand mental concepts and abstractions.
˼γɻԻ
Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design, idea, or thought.See Synonyms at idea 
룺Ժйƻƻ˼μ idea
Archaic A beginning; a start.
 ʼʼ
?
Middle English concepcioun 
йӢ concepcioun 
from Old French conception 
Դ ŷ conception 
from Latin concepti?}  concepti?n- 
Դ  concepti?}  concepti?n- 
from conceptus * see  concept 
Դ conceptus *μ concept
?
conceptional
adj.ݴʣ
conceptive
adj.ݴʣ
conceptively
adv.ʣ

= =
concern
con.cern
AHD:[kn-s?rn] 
D.J.[k*n6sT8n]
K.K.[k*n6sPn]
v.ʣ
con.cerned,con.cern.ing,con.cerns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have to do with or relate to:
漰롭йػأ
an article that concerns the plight of homeless people.
޼ҿɹߴ
To be of interest or importance to:
ģȤĻҪԵģ
This problem concerns all of us.
ȫ
To engage the attention of; involve:
룺עڡ룺
We concerned ourselves with accomplishing the task at hand.
ǲֱߵ
To cause anxiety or uneasiness in:
ʹǣ򲻰
The firm's weak financial posture is starting to concern its stockholders.
˾ĲΣѿʼŹɶ
v.intr.Obsolete ﶯʣ 
To be of importance.
Ҫ
n.ʣ
A matter that relates to or affects one.See Synonyms at affair 
ϵйػӰĳ˵μ affair
Regard for or interest in someone or something.
йأǻĵĳ˻ĳ
A troubled or anxious state of mind arising from solicitude or interest.See Synonyms at anxiety 
ǣڽĶĹǻĵ״̬μ anxiety
A business establishment or enterprise; a firm.
˾ҵ̺
A contrivance; a gadget.
װãһ豸С
?
Middle English concernen 
йӢ concernen 
from Old French concerner 
Դ ŷ concerner 
from Medieval Latin concernere 
Դ  concernere 
from Late Latin [to mingle together] 
Դ  [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
cernere [to sift] * see  krei- 
cernere [ɸѡ] *μ krei- 

= =
concerning
con.cern.ing
AHD:[kn-s?rn1ng] 
D.J.[k*n6sT8n!0]
K.K.[k*n6sPn!0]
prep.ʣ
In reference to.See Usage Note at participle 
ڲμ participle

= =
concert
con.cert
AHD:[k?ns?rt, -srt] 
D.J.[6kKn7sT8t, -s*t]
K.K.[6k$n7sPt, -s*t]
n.ʣ
Music A performance given by one or more singers or instrumentalists or both.
֡ ֻ᣺һ質һһ̨ͬݳ
Agreement in purpose, feeling, or action.
һ£Ŀġжһ
Unity achieved by mutual communication of views, ideas, and opinions:
гཻͨ۵㡢˼Ϳȡһ£
acted in concert on the issue.
ϵЭж
Concerted action:
һµж
One feels between them an accumulation of gentleness and strength, a concert of energies(Vanity Fair)
о֮һǿһɻĺг()
v.ʣ
con.cert.ed,con.cert.ing,con.certs[kn-s?rt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plan or arrange by mutual agreement.
ͨ˫Эƻ
To adjust; settle.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act together in harmony.
Эһж
?
French 
 
from Italian concerto 
Դ  concerto 
from Old Italian [agreement, harmony] 
Դ  [һ£Э] 
possibly from Late Latin concertus [past participle of] concernere [to mingle together] * see  concern 
Դ  concertus  [] concernereĹȥִ [] *μ concern

= =
concession
con.ces.sion
AHD:[kn-sshn] 
D.J.[k*n6se.*n]
K.K.[k*n6sW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of conceding.
òΪ
Something, such as a point previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded.
òʼֶַڱпʼֵ۵
An acknowledgment or admission.
ϻ
A grant of a tract of land made by a government or other controlling authority in return for stipulated services or a promise that the land will be used for a specific purpose.
õȨйصһأΪӦֻԼضĿ
The privilege of maintaining a subsidiary business within certain premises.
ȨһΧھӪ˾Ȩ
The space allotted for such a business.
Ӫ๫˾ĳ
The business itself:
˾
had an ice-cream concession in the subway station.
ڵվӵһұֵܷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin concessi?}  concessi?n- 
Դ  concessi?}  concessi?n- 
from concessus [past participle of] conc?dere [to concede] * see  concede 
Դ concessus  [] conc?dereĹȥִ [ò] *μ concede
?
concessional
adj.ݴʣ
concessionary
AHD:[-ssh-nr?] ݴʣ

= =
concise
con.cise
AHD:[kn-sos] 
D.J.[k*n6sa!s]
K.K.[k*n6sa!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Expressing much in few words; clear and succinct.
ģģҪģݵģͼ
?
Latin concos [past participle of] concodere [to cut up] 
 concos  [] concodereĹȥִ [ɾ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
caedere [to cut] * see  ka-id- 
caedere [] *μ ka-id- 
?
concisely
adv.ʣ
conciseness
n.ʣ

= =
conclude
con.clude
AHD:[kn-kl?d] 
D.J.[k*n6klu8d]
K.K.[k*n6klud]
v.ʣ
con.clud.ed,con.clud.ing,con.cludes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to an end; close:
ʹرգ
concluded the rally with the national anthem.See Synonyms at complete 
ԹΪμ complete
To bring about (a final agreement or settlement):
޽᣺ɣպԼ
conclude a peace treaty.
ƽԼ
To reach a decision or form an opinion about.See Synonyms at decide 
ɾγɹ۵μ decide
To arrive at (a logical conclusion or end) by the process of reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence:
϶ͨó߼ԵĽۻŷ֤۳
The jury concluded that the defendant was innocent.
Ŷ϶
Obsolete To confine; enclose.
 رգ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an end; close.
ˣ
To come to a decision or an agreement.
Э
?
Middle English concluden 
йӢ concluden 
from Latin concl?e 
Դ  concl?e 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
claudere [to close] 
claudere [] 
?
concluder
n.ʣ

= =
conclusion
con.clu.sion
AHD:[kn-kl?zhn] 
D.J.[k*n6klu89*n]
K.K.[k*n6klu9*n]
n.ʣ
The close or last part; the end or finish.
ĻĲ֣βĩ
The result or outcome of an act or process.
֣һ̵Ľ
A judgment or decision reached after deliberation.See Synonyms at decision 
ƶϸķóĽۻжϲμ decision
A final arrangement or settlement, as of a treaty.
޽᣺ŻãԼ
Abbr. con.Law The close of a plea or deed.
д con.ɡ ܽ᣺ͥϵ֤
Logic 
߼ѧ 
The proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises in a syllogism.
ۣбǰʹǰóĽ
The proposition concluded from one or more premises; a deduction.
ۣһǰóĽ⣻ƶ
?
Middle English conclusioun 
йӢ conclusioun 
from Old French conclusion 
Դ ŷ conclusion 
from Latin concl??}  concl?si?n- 
Դ  concl??}  concl?si?n- 
from concl?s [past participle of] concl?dere [to end] * see  conclude 
Դ concl?s  [] concl?dereĹȥִ [] *μ conclude

= =
concrete
con.crete
AHD:[k?n-kr?t, k?ng-, k?nkr?t, k?ng-] 
D.J.[kKn6kri8t, kK0-, 6kKn7kri8t, 6kK0-]
K.K.[k$n6krit, k$0-, 6k$n7krit, 6k$0-]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance; particular:
ģʵʵġضģ֮йصģģ
had the concrete evidence needed to convict.
Ҫо֤ж
Existing in reality or in real experience; perceptible by the senses; real:
ʵģʵʵдڵģоܲģʵģ
concrete objects such as trees.
ʵ壬ľ
Of or relating to a material thing or group of things as opposed to an abstraction.
εģһʵһйصģĶԳ
Formed by the coalescence of separate particles or parts into one mass; solid.
̵ģͨĲֽһγɵģ̵
Made of hard, strong, conglomerate construction material.
ƵģüӲʵĻϽƳɵ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nkr?t, k?ng-, k?n-kr?t, k?ng-] 
Abbr. conc.A hard, strong construction material consisting of sand, conglomerate gravel, pebbles, broken stone, or slag in a mortar or cement matrix.
д conc.һɳӡʯҡʯʯƳɵļӲʵĽ
A mass formed by the coalescence of particles.
ʯҵƳɵĿ
v.ʣ
con.cret.ed,con.cret.ing,con.cretes[k?nkr?t, k?ng-, k?n-kr?t, k?ng-]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To build, treat, or cover with hard, strong conglomerate construction material.
ýʵĻ죬򸲸
To form into a mass by coalescence or cohesion of particles or parts.
øĲֻϳɵĴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To harden; solidify.
Ӳ̻
?
Middle English concret 
йӢ concret 
from Latin concr?s [past participle of] concr?scere [to grow together, harden] 
Դ  concr?s  [] concr?scereĹȥִ [ϣӲ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
cr?e [to grow] * see  ker- 2
cr?e [] *μ ker- 2
?
concretely
adv.ʣ
concreteness
n.ʣ

= =
condemn
con.demn
AHD:[kn-dm] 
D.J.[k*n6dem]
K.K.[k*n6dWm]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.demned,con.demn.ing,con.demns 
To express strong disapproval of:
Ǵ𣺱ǿҵķ
condemned the needless waste of food.
ԲҪʳ˷
To pronounce judgment against; sentence.
Уԡо
To judge or declare to be unfit for use or consumption, usually by official order:
桭ãжʹûѣһԹٷʽ
condemn an old building.
ֹʹⶰϾɵĽ
Law To appropriate (property) for public use.
ɡ ûգãΪ˹ĿĶûգƲ
?
Middle English condemnen 
йӢ condemnen 
from Old French condemner 
Դ ŷ condemner 
from Latin condemn3e 
Դ  condemn3e 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
damn3e [to sentence]  from damnum [penalty] 
damn3e []  Դ damnum [̷] 
?
condemnable
AHD:[-dmn-bl] ݴʣ
condemnatory
AHD:[-n-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
condemner
n.ʣ
?
condemn,damn,doom,sentence
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to fix the punishment or destiny of one found to be guilty or undeserving: 
ЩʶСһ˻ʩԳͷע˼ 
condemned the dissident to hard labor;
ͷֲͬ๤
damned to everlasting uncertainty;
ûû˵ĵȴ
an attempt that was doomed to failure;
һעҪʧܵĳԣ
sentenced the murderer to life in prison. See also Synonyms at  criticize 
ɱ˷ μͬ criticize

= =
condense
con.dense
AHD:[kn-dns] 
D.J.[k*n6dens]
K.K.[k*n6dWns]
v.ʣ
con.densed,con.dens.ing,con.dens.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce the volume or compass of.See Synonyms at contract 
ʹѹ١ݻμ contract
To make more concise; abridge or shorten.
ʹ᣻ɾڻ
Physics 
ѧ 
To cause (a gas or vapor) to change to a liquid.
ҺʹҺ
To remove water from (milk, for example).
Ũˮֳȥ磬ţУ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become more compact.
ʹ
To undergo condensation.
Ũ
?
Middle English condensen 
йӢ condensen 
from Old French condenser 
Դ ŷ condenser 
from Latin cond?3re} 
Դ  cond?3re} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
d?3re} [to thicken]  from d?s [thick] 
d?3re} [ʹ]  Դ d?s [] 
?
condensability
n.ʣ
condensable  
condensible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
condition
con.di.tion
AHD:[kn-d1shn] 
D.J.[k*n6d!.*n]
K.K.[k*n6d!.*n]
n.Abbr. cond.ʣд cond.
A mode or state of being:
龳״̬״
The Organization Man  survives as a modern classic because it captures a permanent part of our social condition (Robert J. Samuelson)
Щάϵ淶 ִֻΪץס״㲻Ĳ֡ (޲J.Ѷɭ)
A state of health.
״̬
A state of readiness or physical fitness.See Synonyms at state 
״ȶ彡״̬μ state
A disease or physical ailment:
岻ʣ
a heart condition.
ಡ
Social position; rank.
λ
One that is indispensable to the appearance or occurrence of another; prerequisite:
Ⱦһ¼ĳֻǱزٵģȾ
Compatibility is a condition of a successful marriage.
гǻɹȾ
One that restricts or modifies another; a qualification.
ʸƻı¼¼޶
conditions Existing circumstances:
 conditions ڵĻ
Conditions in the office made concentration impossible.
칫ҵ״ʹר
Grammar The dependent clause of a conditional sentence.
﷨ Ӿ
Logic A proposition on which another proposition depends; the antecedent of a conditional proposition.
߼ѧ ǰ᣺Ϊһ⣻Ⱦ
Law 
ɡ 
A provision making the effect of a legal instrument contingent on the occurrence of an uncertain future event.
һֻڽһȷ¼žзЧ
The event itself.
¼
An unsatisfactory grade given to a student, serving notice that deficiencies can be made up by the completion of additional work.
貹ĳɼѧĳɼѧͨܲϹε֪ͨ
Obsolete Disposition; temperament.
 ʣԸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.di.tioned,con.di.tion.ing,con.di.tions 
To make dependent on a condition or conditions.
ȡڡ
To stipulate as a condition.
Ϊ
To render fit for work or use.
ʾڹʹ
To accustom (oneself or another) to; adapt:
ʹˣϰڣӦ
had to condition herself to long hours of hard work; conditioned the troops to marches at high altitudes.
ϰ߳ʱĹʹӦڸߺεн
To air-condition.
ڿ
To give the unsatisfactory grade of condition to.
費ĳɼ
Psychology To cause an organism to respond in a specific manner to a conditioned stimulus in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus.
ѧ 䣺ʹĳٶĳһضʽӳڸ÷ʽʧʱȻЧ
To replace moisture or oils in (hair, for example) by use of a therapeutic product.
ҩٽԭʪȻͷݣͷУĴл
?
Middle English condicioun 
йӢ condicioun 
from Old French condicion 
Դ ŷ condicion 
from Latin conditi?}  conditi?n- 
Դ  conditi?}  conditi?n- 
from condoe [to agree] 
Դ condoe [ͬ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
doe [to talk] * see  deik- 
doe [̸] *μ deik- 

= =
conduct
con.duct
AHD:[kn-d?kt] 
D.J.[k*n6dJkt]
K.K.[k*n6dJkt]
v.ʣ
con.duct.ed,con.duct.ing,con.ducts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct the course of; manage or control.
ָӣָ·ߣ
To lead or guide.
쵼
Music To lead (an orchestra, for example).
֡ ָӣ罻ֶӣ
To serve as a medium for conveying; transmit:
Ϊ͵壻䣺
Some metals conduct heat.
ĳЩ
To comport (oneself) in a specified way:
ΪֹʹԼĳضʽΪ
She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.
ʱֳ侲
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act as a conductor.
䵱
To lead.
쵼
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nd?kt] 
The way a person acts, especially from the standpoint of morality and ethics.
УΪһΪķʽָӵºĽǶ
The act of directing or controlling; management.
ָָӻƵĶ
Obsolete A guide; an escort.
 򵼣ͬ
?
Middle English conducten 
йӢ conducten 
from Latin cond?e  conduct- [to lead together] * see  conduce 
Դ  cond?e  conduct- [쵽һ] *μ conduce
?
conductibility
n.ʣ
conductible
adj.ݴʣ
?
conduct,direct,manage,control,steer
All of these verbs mean to exercise direction over the course of an activity or over the activities of a person or persons.
ЩʶʾָĳĽ̻ĳ˻ǵΪ
 Conduct   can apply to the guidance, authority, and responsibility of a single person: 
 Conduct  ʾΡ쵼Ͷĳ˵Σ 
The chairperson conducted the hearing.  It can also refer to the coordinated actions of a group: 
ϯ֤ᡣ ҲָһȺ˵ĺ 
A neutral team from the United Nations will observe the elections to be sure that they are conducted fairly.
ϹŽ۲ѡԱ֤ؽС
Direct   stresses the regulation of activities to assure that they are properly planned and carried out: 
Direct  ǿΪĹԱ֤ƻִеȷԣ 
direct a political campaign.
쵼һ˶
Manage   suggests the manipulation or handling of a person, a group of persons, or, often, a complex organization: 
Manage  ָһˡһȺ˻ͨһӻĲݻƣ 
knows how to manage a staff;
ְԱ֪ʶ
managing a large resort.
һֳ
Control   implies the exercise of authoritative direction;it stresses regulation in the form of restraint or keeping in check and connotes command or domination: 
Control  ָȨִУǿԽƵʽ䲼Ĺ»򷢲ƣ 
police controlling a crowd;
Ⱥ
controls the firm's personnel policies.
Ź˾ߡ
Steer   suggests guidance as if by means of a devicesuch as a rudder that controls direction or course: 
Steer  ʾ豸󴬶ܿƷָ·һ 
steered the conversation away from politics. See also Synonyms at  accompany ,behavior 
۴ μͬ accompany,behavior

= =
conductor
con.duc.tor
AHD:[kn-d?ktr] 
D.J.[k*n6dJkt*]
K.K.[k*n6dJkt+]
n.Abbr. cond.ʣд cond.
One who conducts, especially:
ָߣָ
One who is in charge of a railroad train, bus, or streetcar.
𳵣糵ĹԱ
Music One who directs an orchestra or other such group.
֡ ָӼңָӽֶӻ
Physics A substance or medium that conducts heat, light, sound, or especially an electric charge.
ѧ 壺ȡ⡢رǵɵʻ
A lightning rod, as on a house or barn.
룬緿ӻֿ
?
conductorial
AHD:[k?nd?k-t?r?-l, -t?r-] ݴʣ
conductorship
n.ʣ

= =
confer
con.fer
AHD:[kn-f?r] 
D.J.[k*n6fT8]
K.K.[k*n6fP]
v.ʣ
con.ferred,con.fer.ring,con.fers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bestow (an honor, for example):
裺裨磬
conferred a medal on the hero; conferred an honorary degree on her.
Ӣһöѫ£ѧλ
To invest with (a characteristic, for example):
裺ʹУĳ
a carefully worded statement that conferred an aura of credibility onto the administration's actions.
ݴǽȷЩʩĿŶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To meet in order to deliberate together or compare views.
Э̣һۻ򽻻
?
Latin c?e 
 c?e 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺һ] 
ferre [to bring] * see  bher- 1
ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
conferment
n.ʣ
conferrable
adj.ݴʣ
conferral
n.ʣ
conferrer
n.ʣ
?
confer,advise,consult,parley,treat
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to exchange views in order to reach a decision or resolve differences: 
Щʵ˼ǡԴЭ硱 
a doctor conferring with a patient;
ҽ벡˽
a board chairperson advising with the members;
»ϯԱѯ
has to consult with an attorney;
òʦ
parleyed with enemy representatives during the cease-fire;
ͣڼз̸У
delegates treating for the recognition of their union. 
˵ĳ 

= =
conference
con.fer.ence
AHD:[k?nfr-ns, -frns] 
D.J.[6kKnf*r*ns, -fr*ns]
K.K.[6k$nf*r*ns, -fr*ns]
n.Abbr. conf.ʣд conf.
A meeting for consultation or discussion.
̻飺̻۵Ļ
An exchange of views.
۵
A meeting of committees to settle differences between two legislative bodies.
Э飺ԱΪЭ̽ĶеĻ
An assembly of clerical or of clerical and lay members from a particular district in various Protestant churches.
᣺ĳһõְͷְԱľۻ
Sports An association of teams.
˶ ˶ϻ
The act of conferring, as of an academic degree.
Ϊѧλ
?
Medieval Latin c?a 
 c?a 
from Latin c??ns}  c?nferent- [present participle of] c?nferre [to bring together] * see  confer 
Դ  c??ns}  c?nferent-  [] c?nferreڷִ [һ] *μ confer
?
conferential
AHD:[-f-rnshl] ݴʣ

= =
confess
con.fess
AHD:[kn-fs] 
D.J.[k*n6fes]
K.K.[k*n6fWs]
v.ʣ
con.fessed,con.fess.ing,con.fess.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to oneself); admit.See Synonyms at acknowledge 
̹ף¶Լкϲμ acknowledge
To acknowledge belief or faith in; profess.
ŷ
To make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest.
ڣϵۻڣԼУ
To hear the confession of (a penitent).
ͽģ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To admit or acknowledge something damaging or inconvenient to oneself:
ϣܻһЩԼк
The suspect confessed to the crime.
ɷ
To disclose one's sins to a priest.
ڣԼ
To listen to a confession.

?
Middle English confessen 
йӢ confessen 
from Old French confesser 
Դ ŷ confesser 
from Vulgar Latin *c?3re} 
Դ  *c?3re} 
from Latin c??ro}  c?nfess- 
Դ  c??ro}  c?nfess- 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
fat?o} [to admit] * see  bh3- 2
fat?o} [] *μ bh3- 2
?
confessable
adj.ݴʣ
confessedly
AHD:[-1d-l?] ʣ

= =
confidence
con.fi.dence
AHD:[k?nf1-dns] 
D.J.[6kKnf!d*ns]
K.K.[6k$nf!d*ns]
n.ʣ
Trust or faith in a person or thing.
ĳ˻ĳ
A trusting relationship:
ãιϵ
I took them into my confidence.
ҶǺ
That which is confided; a secret:
˽£ܵĶܣ
A friend does not betray confidences.
ǲй¶ܵ
A feeling of assurance that a confidant will keep a secret:
ģȷŻܲй¶ģ
I am telling you this in strict confidence.
Ҹᱣܵ
A feeling of assurance, especially of self-assurance.
ţȷŵĸоָ
The state or quality of being certain:
ȷţаյ״̬ʣ
I have every confidence in your ability to succeed.
Ҷĳɹо԰
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or involving a swindle or fraud:
թģƭġƭйصĻ漰ƭģ
a confidence scheme; a confidence trickster.
թıթħʦ
?
confidence,assurance,aplomb,self-confidence,self-possession
These nouns denote a feeling of emotional security resulting from faith in oneself.
ЩʶζڶԼĶϵİȫС
 Confidence   is a firm belief in one's powers, abilities, or capacities: 
 Confidence  Ƕĳ˵ȨʸеļᶨΣ 
You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face  (Eleanor Roosevelt).
 ÿ㾭һΣգľͻһΡ ȡ˹أ
 Assurance   even more strongly stresses certainty and can suggest arrogance: 
 Assurance  ǿʾ 
 How can a nonscientist explain an abstruse theory with such assurance?
ôһǿѧҶһ۵Ľ?
Aplomb   implies calm poise: 
Aplomb  ʾ侲ľֹ 
 It is native personality, and that alone, that endows a man to stand before presidents or generals, or in any distinguished collection, withaplomb    (Walt Whitman).
 ĸԣһԸһ˿侲 ͳκνܳ  ֶء
 Self-confidence   stresses trust in one's own self-sufficiency: 
 Self-confidence  ǿĳ˵㣺 
The most vital quality a soldier can possess is self-confidence, utter, complete and bumptious  (George S. Patton).
 һʿӵеҪƷšϡ׺ͽ ΡSͶ٣
 Self-possession   implies composure arising from control over one's own reactions: 
 Self-possession  ʾͨԼķӦֳ򾲣 
In life courtesy and self-possession . . . are the sensible impressions of the free mind, for both arise . . .from never being swept away, whatever the emotion, into confusion or 
dullness  (William Butler Yeats).See also Synonyms at  trust 
 ò򾲡˵ǵӡ󣬲λľò򾲶Ӧǡ ķաҮģμͬ trust

= =
confident
con.fi.dent
AHD:[k?nf1-dnt] 
D.J.[6kKnf!d*nt]
K.K.[6k$nf!d*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by assurance, as of success.
ȷΪģԳɹȷ
Marked by confidence in oneself; self-assured.See Synonyms at sure 
ԼĵģŵĲμ sure
Very bold; presumptuous.
󵨵ģ
Obsolete Confiding; trustful.
 εģɿ
?
Latin c?od?ns}  c?nfodent- [present participle of] c?nfodere [to rely on] * see  confide 
 c?od?ns}  c?nfodent-  [] c?nfodereڷִ [] *μ confide
?
confidently
adv.ʣ

= =
confidential
con.fi.den.tial
AHD:[k?nf1-dnshl] 
D.J.[7kKnf!6den.*l]
K.K.[7k$nf!6dWn.*l]
adj.Abbr. conf.ݴʣд conf.
Done or communicated in confidence; secret.
ܵģܵؽлģܵ
Entrusted with the confidence of another:
εģһ˼εģ
a confidential secretary.
Ҫ
Denoting confidence or intimacy:
ܵģʾλܵģ
a confidential tone of voice.See Synonyms at familiar 
ܵμ familiar
Containing secret information, the unauthorized disclosure of which poses a threat to national security.
ܵģϢģδȨй¶ܻΣҵİȫ
?
confidentiality
AHD:[-sh?-2l1-t?]   confi.dential.ness ʣ
confidentially
adv.ʣ

= =
configuration
con.fig.u.ra.tion
AHD:[kn-f1gy-r3shn] 
D.J.[k*n7f!gj*6re!.*n]
K.K.[k*n7f!gj*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
Arrangement of parts or elements.
֣Ԫص
The form, as of a figure, determined by the arrangement of its parts or elements.See Synonyms at form 
ֻԪþΣͼμ form
Psychology Gestalt.
ѧ 
Chemistry The structural arrangement of atoms in a compound or molecule.
ѧ 죺ڻԭӵнṹ
?
configurationally
adv.ʣ
configurative  
configurational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
confine
con.fine
AHD:[kn-fon] 
D.J.[k*n6fa!n]
K.K.[k*n6fa!n]
v.ʣ
con.fined,con.fin.ing,con.fines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To keep within bounds; restrict:
ƣʹڣƣ
Please confine your remarks to the issues at hand.See Synonyms at limit 
ѻͷϲμ limit
To shut or keep in, especially to imprison.
գرջգָڼ
To restrict in movement:
ж
The sick child was confined to bed.
С봲
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To border.
Ϊı߽
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nfon] 
confines 
 confines 
The limits of a space or an area; the borders:
߽磺ռĽޣ߽磺
within the confines of one county.
һĹ
Restraining elements:
ԼƵҪأ
wanted to escape the confines of corporate politics and bureaucracy.
ҪƶȵԼ
Purview; scope:
Χ䣺
children who learned to work within the confines of the curriculum; a theory that has transcended the confines of science.
ڿγ̷ΧѧϰԽѧ
Archaic A restriction.
 
Obsolete A prison.
 
?
French confiner 
 confiner 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from confins [boundaries] 
Դ confins [߽] 
ultimately from Latin c?one} [from neuter of] c?nfonis [adjoining] 
Դ  c?one}  [] Դc?nfonisԴ [ڽ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
fos [border] 
fos [߽] 
?
confinable  
confineable
adj.ݴʣ
confiner
n.ʣ

= =
confirm
con.firm
AHD:[kn-f?rm] 
D.J.[k*n6fT8m]
K.K.[k*n6fPm]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.firmed,con.firm.ing,con.firms 
To support or establish the certainty or validity of; verify.
֤ʵֻ֧ȷϡĿ϶ԻЧԣȷ
To make firmer; strengthen:
ʹǿǿ
The recent airplane crash confirms my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
׹¼ʹҸҪȫİȫ
To make valid or binding by a formal or legal act; ratify.
׼ϿɣͨʽɵΪʹЧԼϿ
To administer the religious rite of confirmation to.
ʩֶԡŵڽʽ
?
Middle English confirmen 
йӢ confirmen 
from Old French confermer 
Դ ŷ confermer 
from Latin c?3re} 
Դ  c?3re} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
firm3e [to strengthen]  from firmus [strong] * see  dher- 
firm3e [ǿ]  Դ firmus [ǿ׳] *μ dher- 
?
confirmability
n.ʣ
confirmable
adj.ݴʣ
confirmatory
AHD:[-f?rm-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
confirmer
n.ʣ
?
confirm,corroborate,substantiate,authenticate,validate,verify
These verbs all mean to affirm the truth, accuracy, or genuineness of something.
ЩʶʾȷʵȷԻ¼ʵԡ
 Confirm   generally implies removal of all doubt about something considered uncertain or tentative: 
 Confirm  һ㰵ָвȷ̽Եɻ 
We must never make experiments to confirm our ideas, but simply to control them  (Claude Bernard).
 ǲҪʵ֤ǵ뷨ֻǾˡ  ͵¡ɵ£
 Corroborate   refers to strengthening or supporting something, such as a statement, by means of the evidence of another: 
 Corroborate  ָһ֤ǿ֧ĳ£ͨñ˵Ļ֤ݣ 
The witness is expected to corroborate the plaintiff's testimony. Tosubstantiate  is to establish something by presenting substantial or tangible evidence:  
ϣ֤ܹȷ֤ԭĿڹ substantiate ʵԵĿɴʵȷĳ£  
one of the most fully substantiated of historical facts  (James Harvey Robinson).
 ʵŵʷʵ֮һ  ղķ˹ά³ѷ
 Authenticate   implies the removal of doubt about the genuineness of something by the act of an authority or the testimony of an expert: 
 Authenticate  ʾȨΪרҵ֤ĳʵԵĻɣ 
The museum made the mistake of accepting the painting before it had been authenticated.
ڻδȷʵ֮ǰʹذˡ
Validate   usually implies formal action taken to give legal force to something ( 
Validate  һָʽĸĳ﷨ЧΪ( 
validate a deed of sale)  but can also refer to establishing the validity of something, such as a theory, claim, or judgment ( 
ʹΪϷ) Ҳָ֤ʵĳµʵԣۡж( 
The divorce validated my parents' original objection to the marriage). 
ҵ֤Ҹĸ׮ȷ) 
 Verify   implies proving by comparison with an original or with established fact: 
 Verify  ʾͨԭһȷʵȽ϶õ֤ʵ 
The bank refused to cash the check until the signature was verified. 
ֱǩֵõȷϲŶ֧Ʊ 

= =
conflict
con.flict
AHD:[k?nfl1kt] 
D.J.[6kKn7fl!kt]
K.K.[6k$n7fl!kt]
n.ʣ
A state of open, often prolonged fighting; a battle or war.
սĳڵս״̬սۻս
A state of disharmony between incompatible or antithetical persons, ideas, or interests; a clash.
ͻݻֲͬ˼Ȥ֮ìܣͻ
Psychology A psychic struggle, often unconscious, resulting from the opposition or simultaneous functioning of mutually exclusive impulses, desires, or tendencies.
ѧ ͨǱʶͻɻųСͬʱö
Opposition between characters or forces in a work of drama or fiction, especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot.
ͻϷС˵ĶָƶӰڵìܳͻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
con.flict.ed,con.flict.ing,con.flicts[kn-fl1kt]  
To be in or come into opposition; differ.
γɶͬ
Archaic To engage in warfare.
 μս
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin c?octus} [collision] [from past participle of] c?nflogere [to strike together] 
Դ  c?octus} [ײ]  [] Դc?nflogereĹȥִ [һ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺һ] 
floe [to strike] 
floe [] 
?
confliction
n.ʣ
conflictive
adj.ݴʣ
conflictual
AHD:[kn-fl1kch?-l] ݴʣ
?
conflict,contest,combat,fight,affray
These nouns denote struggle between opposing forces for victory or supremacy.
ЩʶָΪȡʤƶе
 Conflict   applies both to open fighting between hostile groups and to a struggle, often an inner struggle, between antithetical forces: 
 Conflict  ָж֯Ĺսڲ 
Fortunately analysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflicts.Life itself still remains a very effective therapist  (Karen Horney).
 ˵ǷǽڲͻΨһһַǳõƷ  סᣩ
 Contest   can refer either to friendly competition or to a hostile struggle to achieve an objective: 
 Contest  ָѺõľҲָеĶ 
an archery contest;

a spelling contest;
ƴд
the gubernatorial contest.
ȨߵĶ
Combat   most commonly implies an encounter between two armed persons or groups: 
Combat  ָͨ˻֮ս 
Alexander had appeared to him, armed for combat  (Connop Thirlwall).
 ɽȫװĳǰ ŵӡֶ
 Fight   usually refers to a clash, physical or figurative,involving individual adversaries: 
 Fight  ָͨĻԵĳͻָ˵Ĳң 
A fight was scheduled between the world boxing champion and the challenger.
ȭھս֮佫һ
There is nothing I love as much as a good fight  (Franklin D. Roosevelt).
 ϲľһƯս  ֡D˹
 Affray   suggests a public fight or brawl: 
 Affray  ָһսܣ 
Yet still the poachers came . . . for affrays in woods and on moors with liveried armies of keepers  (Patricia Morison).See also Synonyms at  discord 
 ߡϵֺͻҰжƷɧơ ġĪɭμͬ discord

= =
conform
con.form
AHD:[kn-f?rm] 
D.J.[k*n6f%8m]
K.K.[k*n6f%rm]
v.ʣ
con.formed,con.form.ing,con.forms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To correspond in form or character; be similar.
һ£ʽ
To act or be in accord or agreement; comply.See Synonyms at agree 
ʺϣΪ״̬гһ£Ӳμ agree
To act in accordance with current customs or modes.See Synonyms at adapt 
Ӧ뵱ǰϰ׻ģʽһ²μ adapt
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring into agreement or correspondence; make similar.
ʹϣʹһ»ʹϣʹ
?
Middle English conformen 
йӢ conformen 
from Old French conformer 
Դ ŷ conformer 
from Latin c?3re} [to shape after] 
Դ  c?3re} [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
form3e [to shape]  from forma [shape] 
form3e []  Դ forma [״] 
?
conformer
n.ʣ

= =
confront
con.front
AHD:[kn-fr?nt] 
D.J.[k*n6frJnt]
K.K.[k*n6frJnt]
v.ʣ
con.front.ed,con.front.ing,con.fronts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility:
ԣ롭ģָԻжԵģ
I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.
ϣͿظҵ˵ͥ
To bring face to face with:
ʹ棺
The defendant was confronted with incontrovertible evidence of guilt.
汻ȷ֤
To come up against; encounter:

confronted danger at every turn.
ֿʱʱᷢΣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in confrontation:
з
She got no child support.[She]  didn't argue or confront (Gail Sheehy)
ûеõӵĸѡ δҲûз (Ƕϣ)
?
French confronter 
 confronter 
from Old French [to adjoin] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Medieval Latin c?3re} 
Դ  c?3re} 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺͡] 
Latin fr?s  front- [front] 
 fr?s  front- [ǰ] 
?
confronter
n.ʣ
confrontment
n.ʣ

= =
confuse
con.fuse
AHD:[kn-fy?z] 
D.J.[k*n6fju8z]
K.K.[k*n6fjuz]
v.ʣ
con.fused,con.fus.ing,con.fus.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; throw off.
ʹԻʹ˼ǵжʹ
To cause to feel embarrassment.
ʹо
To mistake (one thing for another):
⣨һһ
confused effusiveness with affection.
¶Ϊҫ
To make opaque; blur:
ʹ͸ѡŪģ
The old labels . . . confuse debate instead of clarifying it(Christopher Lasch)
ɵıǩ޷⣬ʹģˡ(˹зϣ)
To assemble without order or sense; jumble.
ʹң޸о˳ۺϣʹ
Archaic To bring to ruination.
 ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make something unclear or incomprehensible:
ʹĳﲻ⣺
a new tax code that only further confuses.
ֻɸʵ˰
?
Middle English confusen 
йӢ confusen 
from Old French confus [perplexed] 
Դ ŷ confus [] 
from Latin c??sus} [past participle of] c?nfundere [to mix together] * see  confound 
Դ  c??sus}  [] c?nfundereĹȥִ [ʹ] *μ confound
?
confusingly
adv.ʣ
?
confuse,addle,befuddle,discombobulate,fuddle,muddle,throw
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to be unclear in mind or intent: 
Щʵ˼ǡ˼ͼĻҡ 
heavy traffic that confused the novice driver;
æĽͨʹ˾֪룻
problems that addle my brain;
ҵĴԸͿˣ
a question that befuddled even the professor;
ס˽ڣ
was discombobulated by the staggering number of possibilities;
˵ĸָˣ
a plot so complex that it fuddles one's comprehension;
˷ʹѣ
a head that was muddled by endless facts and figures;
Աûû˵ֺʵ߰㣻
behavior that really threw me. 
ΪŪ 

= =
confusion
con.fu.sion
AHD:[kn-fy?zhn] 
D.J.[k*n6fju89*n]
K.K.[k*n6fju9*n]
n.ʣ
The act of confusing or the state of being confused:
ңΪҵ״̬
To insist . . . that the plight of two, or six, or 52 individuals outweighs policies in which the credibility of the United States and the security of the Middle East are deeply involved, 
represents the worst kind of moral confusion(Moorhead Kennedy)
֡жİȫ߾ʮٵĿѣⶼʾӵĵ»ҡ(¶ڵ¡)
An instance of being confused:
Ū˵
Both John Cheever and James Michener . . . clarify some of the confusions of our times(Clifton Fadiman)
Լղķ˹ܲȡʱһЩҡ(١)
Psychology Impaired orientation with respect to time, place, or person; a disturbed mental state.
ѧ ʱ䡢صȱֱҵ״̬
?
confusional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
congratulate
con.grat.u.late
AHD:[kn-gr2ch-l3t, -gr2j-, kng-] 
D.J.[k*n6gr#t.*7le!t, -6gr#d9-, k*0-]
K.K.[k*n6gr#t.*7let, -6gr#d9-, k*0-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.grat.u..lat.ed,con.grat.u..lat.ing,con.grat.u..lates 
To express joy or acknowledgment, as for the achievement or good fortune of (another).
ףأڣ˵ģɼ˱ʾ˻϶
?
Latin congr33ro}  congr3tul3t- 
 congr33ro}  congr3tul3t- 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
gr33ro} [to rejoice]  from gr3s [pleasing] * see  g wer- 2
gr33ro} []  Դ gr3s [˵] *μ g wer- 2
?
congratulator
n.ʣ
congratulatory
AHD:[-l-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
congratulation
con.grat.u.la.tion
AHD:[kn-gr2ch-l3shn, -gr2j-, kng-] 
D.J.[k*n7gr#t.*6le!.*n, -7gr#d9-, k*0-]
K.K.[k*n7gr#t.*6le.*n, -7gr#d9-, k*0-]
n.ʣ
The act of expressing joy or acknowledgment, as for the achievement or good fortune of another.
ףأڱ˵ĳɼ˱ʾĸ˻϶
Often congratulations An expression of such joy or acknowledgment.
  congratulations ϲû϶ıʾʽ

= =
congress
con.gress
AHD:[k?nggr1s] 
D.J.[6kK0gr!s]
K.K.[6k$0gr!s]
n.ʣ
A formal assembly of representatives, as of various nations, to discuss problems.
᣺ʽĴл⣬ԸҵĴ
The national legislative body of a nation, especially a republic.
أһҵָ͹
Congress Abbr. Cong.,C.
 Congress д Cong.,C.
The national legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
᣺ԺԺ
The two-year session of this legislature between elections of the House of Representatives.
ڣԺѡڼ
The act of coming together or meeting.
ۻ᣺ߵһۻΪ
A single meeting, as of a political party or other group.
飺֯һλ
Sexual intercourse.
Խ
?
Middle English congresse [body of attendants] 
йӢ congresse [μ] 
from Latin congressus [meeting] [from past participle of] congredo [to meet] 
Դ  congressus []  [] ԴcongredoĹȥִ [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺һ] 
grado} [to go] * see  ghredh- 
grado} [ȥ] *μ ghredh- 
?
congressional
AHD:[kn-grsh-nl, kng-] ݴʣ
congressionally
adv.ʣ

= =
conjunction
con.junc.tion
AHD:[kn-j?ngkshn] 
D.J.[k*n6d9J0k.*n]
K.K.[k*n6d9J0k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of joining.
ӣӵΪ
The state of being joined.
ӣŵ״̬
A joint or simultaneous occurrence; concurrence:
Ļͬʱͬʱ֣
the conjunction of historical and economic forces that created a depression.
ɲʷѹ;ѹ뷢
One resulting from or embodying a union; a combination:
γɵĻϣ
He is, in fact, a remarkable conjunction of talents(Jerry Adler)
ʵϣֽܳĲһ()
Abbr. conj.Grammar A part of speech such asand, but, as,  and because  that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. 
д conj.﷨ ʣӴʡ顢ӾӵĴʣ͡ǡ  Ϊ  
Abbr. conj.Astronomy The position of two celestial bodies on the celestial sphere when they have the same celestial longitude.
д conj.ѧ ϣдͬһߵλ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
Abbr. conj.A compound proposition that has components joined by the wordand  or its symbol and is true only if both or all the components are true. 
д conj.ۺ⣺ɺ ӵӾɵĸ⣬ֻеӾΪʱþΪ 
The relationship between the components of a conjunction.
зӾĹϵ
?
conjunctional
adj.ݴʣ
conjunctionally
adv.ʣ

= =
connect
con.nect
AHD:[k-nkt] 
D.J.[k*6nekt]
K.K.[k*6nWkt]
v.ʣ
con.nect.ed,con.nect.ing,con.nects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To join or fasten together.
ӣӻϵһ
To associate or consider as related:
룺ϵΪйأ
no reason to connect the two events.See Synonyms at join 
ûɰһμ join
To join to or by means of a communications circuit:
磺ͨѶϵӣ
Please connect me to the number in San Diego.
ҽʥǸ绰
To plug in (an electrical cord or device) to an outlet.
ѣ߻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become joined or united:
ӻϣ
two streams connecting to form a river.
СϪһ
To be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as between airplanes or buses.
νӣͨṩɻ򹫹֮ν
To establish a rapport or relationship; relate:
ϵϵϵأ
The candidate failed to connect with the voters.
ѡ޷ѡϵ
Sports To hit or play a ball successfully:
˶ ɹشɹػ
The batter connected for a home run.
߳ɹػȫݴ
?
Middle English connecten 
йӢ connecten 
from Latin c?e 
Դ  c?e 
c?- [co-] 
c?- [ǰ׺һ] 
nectere [to bind] * see  ned- 
nectere [] *μ ned- 
?
connectible  
connectable
adj.ݴʣ
connector  
connecter
n.ʣ

= =
connection
con.nec.tion
AHD:[k-nkshn] 
D.J.[k*6nek.*n]
K.K.[k*6nWk.*n]
n.Abbr. con.ʣд con.
The act of connecting.
᣺Ϊ
The state of being connected.
᣺״̬
One that connects; a link:

a faulty connection in the circuit.
·Ӵ
An association or a relationship:
ϵϵ
There appeared to be no connection between the two crimes.
Ȼﰸûϵ
The logical or intelligible ordering of words or ideas; coherence.
᣺ʻ˼߼ϵĴЭ
Reference or relation to something else; context:
Ĺϵģ
In this connection, the agreement can be seen as a step toward peace.
ڴ˻£ЭΪƽһ
A person, especially one of influence or position, with whom one is associated, as by kinship, interests in common, or marriage:
ָӰλˣ˾ѪԵͬûϵ
used her connections to land a job.
ĸ˼ʹϵҹ
A conveyance or scheduled run providing continuing service between means of transportation:
ˣṩͻĽͨ
missed my connection in Atlanta.
Ҵת˵Ĺ
A line of communication between two points in a telephone or similar wired system.
Ѷߣڵ绰Ƶϵͳ֮ͨѶ·
Slang 
ٵ 
A drug dealer.
ҩ
A purchase of illegal drugs.
ҩ
?
connectional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
conquer
con.quer
AHD:[k?ngkr] 
D.J.[6kK0k*]
K.K.[6k$0k+]
v.ʣ
con.quered,con.quer.ing,con.quers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms.
ָܻþ
To gain or secure control of by or as if by force of arms:
˷ûû֤Ȩ
scientists battling to conquer disease; a singer who conquered the operatic world.
ѧҷ˷Ϸĸ
To overcome or surmount by physical, mental, or moral force:
˷˷Խ
I finally conquered my fear of heights.See Synonyms at defeat 
ڿ˷ҵľ֢μ defeat
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be victorious; win.
ɹʤ
?
Middle English conqueren 
йӢ conqueren 
from Old French conquerre 
Դ ŷ conquerre 
from Vulgar Latin *conquaerere 
Դ  *conquaerere 
from Latin conquoe [to procure] 
Դ  conquoe [] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
quaerere [to seek] 
quaerere [Ѱ] 
?
conquerable
adj.ݴʣ
conqueror  
conquerer
n.ʣ

= =
conquest
con.quest
AHD:[k?nkwst, k?ng-] 
D.J.[6kKn7kwest, 6kK0-]
K.K.[6k$n7kwWst, 6k$0-]
n.ʣ
The act or process of conquering.See Synonyms at victory 
Ϊ̲μ victory
Something, such as territory, acquired by conquering.
أͨõĶ
One that has been captivated or overcome:
²򱻴ܵˣ
The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played.
λټÿһλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *conquaesoa 
Դ  *conquaesoa 
feminine past participle of *conquaerere * see  conquer 
 *conquaerereԹȥִ *μ conquer

= =
conscience
con.science
AHD:[k?nshns] 
D.J.[6kKn.*ns]
K.K.[6k$n.*ns]
n.ʣ
The awareness of a moral or ethical aspect to one's conduct together with the urge to prefer right over wrong:
ģԱ޲ƶıΪϵʶ
Let your conscience be your guide.
ָ
A source of moral or ethical judgment or pronouncement:
Ƿ֮ģжϻĸݣ
a document that serves as the nation's conscience.
һݱ׼ļ
Conformity to one's own sense of right conduct:
֮ģԼоȷΪļ֣
a person of unflagging conscience.
мᶨ
The part of the superego in psychoanalysis that judges the ethical nature of one's actions and thoughts and then transmits such determinations to the ego for consideration.
֮ģѧжĳΪ˼ĵ±׼ĳҲ֣֮жϽ͸ҽп
Obsolete Consciousness.
 ʶ
?
in (all good) conscience
In all truth or fairness.
ƽƾʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c?a 
Դ  c?a 
from c??ns}  c?nscient- [present participle of] c?nscore [to be conscious of] 
Դ c??ns}  c?nscient-  [] c?nscoreڷִ [ʶ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
scoe [to know] * see  skei- 
scoe [֪] *μ skei- 
?
conscienceless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
conscientious
con.sci.en.tious
AHD:[k?nsh?-nshs] 
D.J.[7kKn.i86en.*s]
K.K.[7k$n.i6Wn.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled:
ĵģָһµģԭģ
a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice.
ľ˵֮
Thorough and assiduous:
ģȫĺģ
a conscientious worker; a conscientious effort to comply with the regulations.
Աȫ涨
?
Obsolete French conscientieux 
ѷϷ conscientieux 
from Medieval Latin c??sus} 
Դ  c??sus} 
from Latin c?a [conscience] * see  conscience 
Դ  c?a [] *μ conscience
?
conscientiously
adv.ʣ
conscientiousness
n.ʣ

= =
conscious
con.scious
AHD:[k?nshs] 
D.J.[6kKn.*s]
K.K.[6k$n.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having an awareness of one's environment and one's own existence, sensations, and thoughts.See Synonyms at aware 
ʶģԼĻڡо뷨ʶĲμ aware
Mentally perceptive or alert; awake:
־ѵģ֪Ļģѵģ
The patient remained fully conscious after the local anesthetic was administered.
ʩԾֲܱ֮ȫ
Capable of thought, will, or perception:
ģܹ˼룬Ը֪ģ
The development of conscious life on the planet.
ǻķչ
Subjectively known or felt:
Ծģ֪оģ
conscious remorse.
ҿ
Intentionally conceived or done; deliberate:
ģƻģģ
a conscious insult; made a conscious effort to speak more clearly.
裻跨˵ø
Inwardly attentive or sensible; mindful:
ĵģעĻеģĵģ
was increasingly conscious of being stared at on the street.
ע⵽·˶Լע
Especially aware of or preoccupied with. Often used in combination:
رעģָСʶڡڸϴʣ
a cost-conscious approach to further development; a health-conscious diet.
رע⵽ѵãΪ˽һķչرעؽʳ
n.ʣ
In psychoanalysis, the component of waking awareness perceptible by a person at any given instant; consciousness.
ʶѧУһκʱеľʶ
?
From Latin c?s 
Դ  c?s 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
scoe [to know] * see  skei- 
scoe [֪] *μ skei- 
?
consciously
adv.ʣ

= =
consciousness
con.scious.ness
AHD:[k?nshs-n1s] 
D.J.[6kKn.*sn!s]
K.K.[6k$n.*sn!s]
n.ʣ
The state or condition of being conscious.
ʶʶ״̬
A sense of one's personal or collective identity, especially the complex of attitudes, beliefs, and sensitivities held by or considered characteristic of an individual or a group:
ʶ˻ͬĸоָ˻ȺлΪ̬ȡԵۺϣ
Love of freedom runs deep in the national consciousness.
ɵȰظֲʶ֮
Special awareness or sensitivity:
ĸоУ
class consciousness; race consciousness.
׼ʶʶ
Alertness to or concern for a particular issue or situation:
״̬ľģ
a movement aimed at raising the general public's consciousness of social injustice.
˶ּڶ᲻Ĺػ
In psychoanalysis, the conscious.
ھָľ

= =
consecutive
con.sec.u.tive
AHD:[kn-sky-t1v] 
D.J.[k*n6sekj*t!v]
K.K.[k*n6sWkj*t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Following one after another without interruption; successive:
ģһһжϵģģ
was absent on three consecutive days; won five consecutive games on the road.
춼ȱϯһ·Ӯ峡
Marked by logical sequence.
ģ߼˳
Grammar Expressing consequence or result:
﷨ ģʾģ
a consecutive clause.
Ӿ
?
French conscutif 
 conscutif 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin c??tovus} 
Դ  c??tovus} 
from c??tus} 
Դ c??tus} 
past participle of Latin c?o} [to follow closely] * see  consequent 
  c?oĹȥִ} [] *μ consequent
?
consecutively
adv.ʣ
consecutiveness
n.ʣ

= =
consensus
con.sen.sus
AHD:[kn-snss] 
D.J.[k*n6sens*s]
K.K.[k*n6sWns*s]
n.ʣ
An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole or by majority will:
һΪӶɵĹʶ
The voters' consensus was that the measure should be adopted.
ѡǲȡʩ
General agreement or accord:
ϵͬһ£
government by consensus.
һϿɵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
consensus politics; consensus management.
٣Ĺ
?
Latin [from past participle of] c?nsentore [to agree] * see  consent 
  [] Դc?nsentoreĹȥִ [ͬ] *μ consent
?
Many grammarians have maintained that the expressionconsensus of opinion  is redundant, inasmuch asconsensus  itself denotes a judgment about which there is general agreement. 
Consensus of opinion  has often been used by reputable writers, however, and has sometimes been defended on the grounds that a consensus may involve attitudes other than 
opinions;thus, one may speak of aconsensus of beliefs,  or a consensus of usage.  Nonetheless, the qualifying phrase can usually be omitted with no loss of clarity.The sentenceIt was 
the consensus of opinion among the sportswriters that the game should not have been played  says nothing that is not said by  
﷨ѧҶΪconsensus of opinion ˵ģ Ϊconsensus ͱʾһֵõͬ Ȼconsensus of opinion Գ֪ʹã 
ʱǻ˵ϵһܻ̬ϵһ£ˣǿ˵consensus of beliefsһ£  consensus of usage÷һ£  
ԶͨԱʡԶʹﲻżǵһⳡӦýе Ӳ  
It was the consensus of the sportswriters that the game should not have been played.  
żһΪⳡӦýеһӶ˵Щʲô 
Expressions such asoverall consensus  and general consensus  are harder to defend against the charge of redundancy. In the most recent survey,overall consensus  was judged 
redundant by 95 percent of the members of the Usage Panel. See Usage Note at redundancy 
overall consensusһ£  general consensusһ£ ˵Ӧġ ĵУ÷רʹС95%ĳԱΪoverall 
consensusһ£  μ redundancy

= =
consent
con.sent
AHD:[kn-snt] 
D.J.[k*n6sent]
K.K.[k*n6sWnt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
con.sent.ed,con.sent.ing,con.sents 
To give assent, as to the proposal of another; agree.See Synonyms at assent 
ͬ⣺һ˵Ľȣʾͬͬμ assent
Archaic To be of the same mind or opinion.
 ͬ˼ϵһ
n.ʣ
Acceptance or approval of what is planned or done by another; acquiescence.See Synonyms at permission 
ͬһƻʾܻͬμ permission
Agreement as to opinion or a course of action:
ͬ⣺ԽΪͬ
She was chosen by common consent to speak for the group.
һͬѡ
?
Middle English consenten 
йӢ consenten 
from Old French consentir 
Դ ŷ consentir 
from Latin c?ore} 
Դ  c?ore} 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
sentoe [to feel] * see  sent- 
sentoe [о] *μ sent- 
?
consenter
n.ʣ

= =
consequence
con.se.quence
AHD:[k?ns1-kwns, -kwns] 
D.J.[6kKns!7kwens, -kw*ns]
K.K.[6k$ns!7kwWns, -kw*ns]
n.ʣ
Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition.See Synonyms at effect 
һΪ߼ϻȻȻĽμ effect
The relation of a result to its cause.
ϵԭ֮Ĺϵ
A logical conclusion or inference.
ۣ߼ϵĽۻ
Importance in rank or position:
ҪڵȼλϵҪԣ
scientists of consequence.
׿ԽĿѧ
Significance; importance:
Ҫش壻Ҫԣ
an issue of consequence.See Synonyms at importance 
Ҫμ importance
?
in consequence
As a result; consequently.


= =
consequent
con.se.quent
AHD:[k?ns1-kwnt, -kwnt] 
D.J.[6kKns!7kwent, -kw*nt]
K.K.[6k$ns!7kwWnt, -kw*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Following as a natural effect, result, or conclusion:
֮ģΪȻֻ֮ģ
tried to prevent an oil spill and the consequent damage to wildlife.
©Լ֮ĶҰֲƻ
Following as a logical conclusion.
ȻģΪ߼֮
Logically correct or consistent.
Ϻ߼ģ߼ȷһµ
Geology Having a position or direction determined by the original form or slope of the earth's surface:
ѧ λûܵرԭʼ̬¶Ӱģ
a consequent river; a consequent valley.
˳ӣ˳ɽ
n.ʣ
Logic The conclusion, as of a syllogism or a conditional sentence.
߼ѧ ۣۣеƶϻеĽ۾
The second term of a ratio.
ĵڶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c??ns}  c?nsequent- [present participle of] c?nsequo [to follow closely] 
Դ  c??ns}  c?nsequent-  [] c?nsequoڷִ [] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
sequo} [to follow] * see  sek w- 1
sequo} [] *μ sek w- 1

= =
consequently
con.se.quent.ly
AHD:[k?ns1-kwntl?, -kwnt-l?] 
D.J.[6kKns!7kwentli8, -kw*ntli8]
K.K.[6k$ns!7kwWntli, -kw*ntli]
adv.ʣ
As a result; therefore.


= =
conservation
con.ser.va.tion
AHD:[k?ns?r-v3shn] 
D.J.[7kKnsT86ve!.*n]
K.K.[7k$nsP6ve.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of conserving.
Ϊ
Preservation from loss, damage, or neglect:
棺Աⶪʧ𻵻
Valuable manuscripts were saved from deterioration under the program of library conservation.
ͼ鱣ƻʵʩУָƻбȳ
The controlled use and systematic protection of natural resources, such as forests, soil, and water systems.
ȻԴɭ֡ˮϵͳȻԴнƵʹüϵͳı
The maintenance of a physical quantity, such as energy or mass, during a physical or chemical change.
غ㣺ѧ仯άԭ״
?
conservational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
conservative
con.ser.va.tive
AHD:[kn-s?rv-t1v] 
D.J.[k*n6sT8v*t!v]
K.K.[k*n6sPv*t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change.
صģִ֧ͳĹ۵׼ģڷԱ
Traditional or restrained in style:
ؾɵģڷϴͳĻнģ
a conservative dark suit.
һʽ
Moderate; cautious:
׵ģСĽģ
a conservative estimate.
صĹ
Of or relating to the political philosophy of conservatism.
صģŵĻ뱣йص
Belonging to a conservative party, group, or movement.
صģڱ嵳˶
Conservative Of or belonging to the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom or the Progressive Conservative Party in Canada.
 Conservative ڣӢصôص
Conservative Of or adhering to Conservative Judaism.
 Conservative ̵̫Ļӵ̵̫
Tending to conserve; preservative:
ڱģԵģ
the conservative use of natural resources.
ȻԴĺʹ
n.ʣ
One favoring traditional views and values.
ߣִ֧ͳ۵㼰ֵ
A supporter of political conservatism.
صˣϱ֧
Conservative Abbr. C.A member or supporter of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom or the Progressive Conservative Party in Canada.
 Conservative д C.صԱӢصôصĳԱ֧
Archaic A preservative agent or principle.
 ڱҩɷ
?
conservatively
adv.ʣ
conservativeness
n.ʣ

= =
conserve
con.serve
AHD:[kn-s?rv] 
D.J.[k*n6sT8v]
K.K.[k*n6sPv]
v.ʣ
con.served,con.serv.ing,con.serves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To protect from loss or harm; preserve:
棺Ӷʹ䲻ʧ˺棺
calls to conserve our national heritage in the face of bewildering change.
޴ĸıʱҪǵŲ
To use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste:
Լʡʹã˷ѣ
kept the thermostat lower to conserve energy.
Զ»ʹԽԼԴ
To keep (a quantity) constant through physical or chemical reactions or evolutionary changes.
غ㣺ѧӦлݻб֣һ㶨
To preserve (fruits) with sugar.
棨ˮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To economize:
ڼ
tried to conserve on fuel during the long winter.
跨Ķﾡʡȼ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?ns?rv] 
A jam made of fruits stewed in sugar.
һйˮɵĹ
?
Middle English conserven 
йӢ conserven 
from Old French conserver 
Դ ŷ conserver 
from Latin c?3re} 
Դ  c?3re} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
serv3e [to preserve] * see  ser- 1
serv3e [] *μ ser- 1
?
conservable
adj.ݴʣ
conserver
n.ʣ

= =
consider
con.sid.er
AHD:[kn-s1dr] 
D.J.[k*n6s!d*]
K.K.[k*n6s!d+]
v.ʣ
con.sid.ered,con.sid.er.ing,con.sid.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To think carefully about.
ϸ
To think or deem to be; regard as.See Usage Note at as 1
Ϊţѡμ as1
To form an opinion about; judge:
ԡۣжϣ
considers waste to be criminal.
Ϊ˷
To take into account; bear in mind:
ǵ˼
Her success is not surprising if you consider her excellent training.
㿼ǹܵѵĳɹͲᾪ
To show consideration for:
ģ
failed to consider the feelings of others.
δչ˵˵ĸ
To esteem; regard.
أ
To look at thoughtfully.
ĵؿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To think carefully; reflect:
ϸǣ˼
Give me time to consider.
ʱϸ
?
Middle English consideren 
йӢ consideren 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c?oder3re} 
Դ  c?oder3re} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
sos  soder- [star] 
sos  soder- [] 
?
considerer
n.ʣ
?
consider,deem,regard,account,reckon
These verbs refer to holding opinions or views that are based on evaluation.
Щָлڲ²۵㡣
 Consider   suggests objective reflection and reasoning: 
 Consider  п͹۵˼֮⣺ 
She is considered an intelligent woman.
ΪһŮˡ
He considers success of little importance.
ΪɹҪ
Deem   is more subjective through its emphasis on judgment as distinguished from contemplation: 
Deem  ҪһЩǿ˼жϣ 
The faculty deems the essay to be by far the best one submitted.
ʦΪƪѾĵȻõġ
Regard   often implies a personal attitude: 
Regard  ζһָ̬ȣ 
I regard your apology as the end of the matter.Account and reckon  in this sense are rather literary in flavor and imply calculated judgment:  
ȻѵǸҿ¾˽ᡣAccount reckon ڱʾʱҪԵ΢һЩζϸƹжϣ  
I account no man to be a philosopher who attempts to do more  (John Henry Newman). 
 ڲڽһѧҵˣҴӲΪһѧҡ ԼŦ 
I cannot reckon you as an admirer  (Nathaniel Hawthorne).
 ҲܰһĽߡ ɣ

= =
considerable
con.sid.er.a.ble
AHD:[kn-s1dr--bl] 
D.J.[k*n6s!d*r*b*l]
K.K.[k*n6s!d*r*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Large in amount, extent, or degree:
൱ģΧ̶Ϻܴģ
a writer of considerable influence.
һкܴӰ
Worthy of consideration; significant:
Ҫģֵÿǵģشģ
The economy was a considerable issue in the campaign.
ھѡ˶оһҪ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A considerable amount, extent, or degree.
ܴΧ̶
?
considerably
adv.ʣ

= =
considerate
con.sid.er.ate
AHD:[kn-s1dr-1t] 
D.J.[k*n6s!d*r!t]
K.K.[k*n6s!d*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or marked by regard for the needs or feelings of others.See Synonyms at thoughtful 
µģǵҪġֿΪĲμ thoughtful
Characterized by careful thought; deliberate.
˼ǣԽ˼Ϊģ˼ǵ
?
Middle English [observed] 
йӢ [۲쵽] 
from Latin c?oder3tus} [past participle of] c?nsoder3re [to consider] * see  consider 
Դ  c?oder3tus}  [] c?nsoder3reĹȥִ [] *μ consider
?
considerately
adv.ʣ
considerateness
n.ʣ

= =
consideration
con.sid.er.a.tion
AHD:[kn-s1d-r3shn] 
D.J.[k*n7s!d*6re!.*n]
K.K.[k*n7s!d*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
Careful thought; deliberation:
ǣϸ˼˼ǣ
We will give your proposal consideration.
ǻϸĽ
A result of considering; an opinion or a judgment:
ǵĽжϣ
Is it your consideration that I should apply?
ΪӦ?
A factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision:
أжϻʱǵأ
Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a car.
ѡʱȫҪĿ
A treatment or account:
һ
The essay begins with a brief consideration of the history of the problem.
¿ͷǶʷļҪ
Thoughtful concern for others; solicitude.
ģ˵ģ
High regard; esteem.
أ
Payment given in exchange for a service rendered; recompense:
꣺Ϊṩķ֧ĳ𣻲ѣ
agreed to do it for a small consideration.
ͬȡٵı
Law Something promised, given, or done that has the effect of making an agreement a legally enforceable contract.
ɡ ԼۣŵŵṩɵʹһЭΪзЧԼ
?
in consideration of
In view of; on account of:
ǵڣ
turned back in consideration of the worsening weather.
ǵڶ񻯵
In return for:
ԡĻر
an honorarium given in consideration of her contributions to the project.
ΪĹ׶䷢ĳ

= =
consist
con.sist
AHD:[kn-s1st] 
D.J.[k*n6s!st]
K.K.[k*n6s!st]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
con.sist.ed,con.sist.ing,con.sists 
To be made up or composed:
ɡɣɻ򹹳ɣ
New York City consists of five boroughs.See Usage Note at include 
ŦԼɲμ include
To have a basis; reside or lie:
ڣһڻڣ
The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
λҵķϵļ
To be compatible; accord:
͵ģϣ
The information consists with her account.
Ϣһµ
?
Latin c?e [to stand still, to be composed of] 
 c?e [վŲɡ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
sistere [to cause to stand] * see  st3- 
sistere [ʹվ] *μ st3- 

= =
consistent
con.sis.tent
AHD:[kn-s1stnt] 
D.J.[k*n6s!st*nt]
K.K.[k*n6s!st*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
In agreement; compatible:
ϵģɵ͵ģ
The testimony was consistent with the known facts.
ڹ֪ʵ
Being in agreement with itself; coherent and uniform:
һģϵģһµģ
a consistent pattern of behavior.
һΪʽ
Reliable; steady:
ɿģȶģ
demonstrated a consistent ability to impress the critics.
ֳʹۼӡ̵Ķ
Mathematics Having at least one common solution, as of two or more equations or inequalities.
ѧ һͬģϵĵʽ򲻵ʽ
?
Latin c??ns}  c?nsistent- [present participle of] c?nsistere [to stand still] * see  consist 
 c??ns}  c?nsistent-  [] c?nsistereڷִ [վ] *μ consist
?
consistently
adv.ʣ

= =
consolidate
con.sol.i.date
AHD:[kn-s?l1-d3t] 
D.J.[k*n6sKl!7de!t]
K.K.[k*n6s$l!7det]
v.ʣ
con.sol.i.dat.ed,con.sol.i.dat.ing,con.sol.i.dates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To unite into one system or whole; combine:
ϲѡͳһϲ
consolidated five separate agencies into a single department.
ֹ˾ϲΪһ
To make strong or secure; strengthen:
̣ʹǿι̣ǿ
She consolidated her power during her first year in office.
ְĵһڹԼȨ
To make firm or coherent; form into a compact mass.
ʹϲʹʵۺһʹγɼʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become solidified or united.
̻ͳһ
To join in a merger or union:
ϲμӺϲ壺
The two firms consolidated under a new name.
˾µƺϲ
?
Latin c?3re}  c?nsolid3t- 
 c?3re}  c?nsolid3t- 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
solid3e [to make firm]  from solidus [firm] * see  sol- 
solid3e [ʹʵ]  Դ solidus [ʵ] *μ sol- 
?
consolidator
n.ʣ

= =
conspicuous
con.spic.u.ous
AHD:[kn-sp1ky?-s] 
D.J.[k*n6sp!kju8*s]
K.K.[k*n6sp!kju*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Easy to notice; obvious.
׼ģԵ
Attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable.See Synonyms at noticeable 
עģͨԵòƽɫעģֵעĲμ noticeable
?
From Latin c?s 
Դ  c?s 
from c?e [to observe] 
Դ c?e [۲] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
specere [to look] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
conspicuously
adv.ʣ
conspicuousness
n.ʣ

= =
constant
con.stant
AHD:[k?nstnt] 
D.J.[6kKnst*nt]
K.K.[6k$nst*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Continually occurring; persistent.
ģģϵ
Unchanging in nature, value, or extent; invariable.See Synonyms at continual 
ģʡֵΧϳ־òģʼһĲμ continual
Steadfast in purpose, loyalty, or affection; faithful.See Synonyms at faithful ,steady 
ᶨĿġҳϻϼᶨƵģҳϵĲμ faithful,steady
n.ʣ
Something that is unchanging or invariable.
־òʼһ
Abbr. c,C,const.
д c,C,const.
A quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context.
һѧﱻй̶ֵһ
An experimental or theoretical condition, factor, or quantity that does not vary or that is regarded as invariant in specified circumstances.
ֵĻھ廷бΪһʵϻϵػ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c?3ns}  c?nstant- [present participle of] c?nst3re [to stand firm] 
Դ  c?3ns}  c?nstant-  [] c?nst3reڷִ [վ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
constantly
adv.ʣ

= =
constituent
con.stit.u.ent
AHD:[kn-st1ch?-nt] 
D.J.[k*n6st!t.u8*nt]
K.K.[k*n6st!t.u*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as part of a whole; component:
ɵģΪһֵģɵģ
a constituent element.
һ
Empowered to elect or designate.
Ȩѡٻ
Authorized to make or amend a constitution:
Ȩƶ޸ܷģ
a constituent assembly.
ܻ
n.ʣ
A constituent part; a component.See Synonyms at element 
ɷ֣һɲ֣ɷֲμ element
A resident of a district or member of a group represented by an elected official.
ѡһѡĹԱѡһ֯ĳԱ
One that authorizes another to act as a representative; a client.
ίˣȨ˴µˣί
Grammar One of two or more elements into which a construction or compound may be divided by analysis, being either immediate, asHe/ works on the railroad,  or ultimate, as He/ 
work/s/ on/ the/ rail/road.  
﷨ ɷ֣һṹ򸴺ֽͨԷΪҪеһֱӳɷ֣·Ϲ Ҳյĳɷ֣ ڣ·ϣ  
?
Latin c??ns}  c?nstituent- [present participle of] c?nstituere [to set up] * see  constitute 
 c??ns}  c?nstituent-  [] c?nstituereڷִ [] *μ constitute
N., from French 
ʣԴ  
from Latin c??ns} 
Դ  c??ns} 
?
constituently
adv.ʣ

= =
constitution
con.sti.tu.tion
AHD:[k?nst1-t?shn, -ty?-] 
D.J.[7kKnst!6tu8.*n, -6tju8-]
K.K.[7k$nst!6tu.*n, -6tju-]
n.ʣ
The act or process of composing, setting up, or establishing.
ɡΪ
The composition or structure of something; makeup.
죺ĳɻṹ
The physical makeup of a person:
ʣһ˵ʣ
She was born with a strong constitution.See Synonyms at physique 
ͺõμ physique
Abbr. cons.,const.,Const.
д cons.,const.,Const.
The system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution.
³̣涨һʡְȨ޵Ļɼԭϵ
The document on which such a system is recorded.
ܷƵļ

= =
constrain
con.strain
AHD:[kn-str3n] 
D.J.[k*n6stre!n]
K.K.[k*n6stren]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.strained,con.strain.ing,con.strains 
To compel by physical, moral, or circumstantial force; oblige:
ǿƣͨġµĻ򻷾ǿȣʹ
felt constrained to object.See Synonyms at force 
ȷԲμ force
To keep within close bounds; confine:
ƣѡխСķΧڣԼ
a life that had been constrained by habit to the same few activities and friends.
ϰڱһɲļе
To inhibit or restrain; hold back:
ƣƻѹƣƣ
Failing to control the growth of international debt will also constrain living standards(Ronald Brownstein)
ܿծӰ쵽ˮƽ(ɵ¡˹̹)
To produce in a forced or inhibited manner.
ǿʹȻǿеز
?
Middle English constreinen 
йӢ constreinen 
from Old French constraindre  constraign- 
Դ ŷ constraindre  constraign- 
from Latin c?e [to restrain, compress] 
Դ  c?e [ѹƣѹ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
stringere [to bind, press together] * see  streig- 
stringere [ѹһ] *μ streig- 
?
constrainable
adj.ݴʣ
constrainedly
AHD:[-str3n1d-l?] ʣ
constrainer
n.ʣ

= =
construct
con.struct
AHD:[kn-str?kt] 
D.J.[k*n6strJkt]
K.K.[k*n6strJkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.struct.ed,con.struct.ing,con.structs 
To form by assembling or combining parts; build.
죺ͨװϲɣ
To create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms.
ͨ˼ϵͳж죨۾ݻӣ
Mathematics To draw (a geometric figure) that meets specific requirements, usually with instruments limited to a straightedge and compass.
ѧ ͼݾҪ󻭳ͼΣֱֻͨߺԲ湤
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nstr?kt] 
Something formed or constructed from parts.
ɸγɻ򹹳ɵ
A concept, model, or schematic idea:
ģʽ
a theoretical construct of the atom.
ԭӵģ
A concrete image or idea:
󣺾
[He]  began to shift focus from the haunted constructs of terror in his early work (Stephen Koch)
[] ʼעƷзֵĿֲƿ (˹ٷҡƿ)
?
Latin c?e  c?nstr?ct- 
 c?e  c?nstr?ct- 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
struere [to pile up] * see  ster- 2
struere [] *μ ster- 2
?
constructible
adj.ݴʣ
constructor  
constructer
n.ʣ

= =
construction
con.struc.tion
AHD:[kn-str?kshn] 
D.J.[k*n6strJk.*n]
K.K.[k*n6strJk.*n]
n.Abbr. cons.,const.,constr.ʣд cons.,const.,constr.
The act or process of constructing.
Ϊ
The art, trade, or work of building:
ļҵƷ
an engineer trained in highway construction; worked in construction for seven years.
ܹٹ·ѵĹʦʩ
A structure, such as a building, framework, or model.
ܣһֽṹ罨ܻģ͵
Something fashioned or devised systematically:
̣вγɻƳ
a nation that was glorious in its historical construction.
йʷĹ
An artistic composition using various materials; an assemblage or a collage.
ƷøֲƳɵƷװƷƴƷ
The way in which something is built or put together:
ʽװĳķʽ
a shelter of simple construction.
ʽ򵥵ڱ
The interpretation or explanation given to an expression or a statement:
ڹͣһǻĲͣ
I was inclined to put a favorable construction on his reply.
ǶĻشܺõĽ
Grammar 
﷨ 
The arrangement of words to form a meaningful phrase, clause, or sentence.
䷨ṹγĶӾʱĽṹ
A group of words so arranged.
ṹһ
?
constructional
adj.ݴʣ
constructionally
adv.ʣ

= =
consult
con.sult
AHD:[kn-s?lt] 
D.J.[k*n6sJlt]
K.K.[k*n6sJlt]
v.ʣ
con.sult.ed,con.sult.ing,con.sults 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To seek advice or information of:
ѯ̻ѯ
consult an attorney.
ʦ
To refer to:
ģ
consulted a telephone directory for the number.
ڵ绰ϲҺ
To take into account; consider:
˼ǣ
consult one's checkbook before making a major purchase.
ڽдĹж֮ǰȿ֧Ʊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exchange views; confer.See Synonyms at confer 
̣μ confer
To work or serve as a consultant:
䵱ʣιʻ򵱹ʣ
a retired executive who consults for several large companies.
Ϊ˾ιʵݹԱ
n.ʣ
AHD:[kn-s?lt, k?ns?lt] 
A consultation, especially one involving physicians.
飬ָҽǲĻ
?
French consulter 
 consulter 
from Latin c?3re} [frequentative of] c?nsulere [to take counsel] 
Դ  c?3re}  [] c?nsulereظ [ȡ] 
?
consulter
n.ʣ

= =
consultant
con.sult.ant
AHD:[kn-s?ltnt] 
D.J.[k*n6sJlt*nt]
K.K.[k*n6sJlt*nt]
n.ʣ
One that gives expert or professional advice.
ʣṩררҵ
One that consults another.
ѯߣһ̻ѯ
?
consultantship
n.ʣ

= =
consume
con.sume
AHD:[kn-s?m] 
D.J.[k*n6su8m]
K.K.[k*n6sum]
v.ʣ
con.sumed,con.sum.ing,con.sumes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To eat or drink up; ingest.See Synonyms at eat 
Թ⣺ꣻ²μ eat
To expend; use up:
ģѣľ
engines that consume less fuel; a project that consumed most of my time and energy.
ͽٵķľҴ󲿷ʱ;ļƻ
To purchase (goods or services) for direct use or ownership.
ѣΪֱʹûӵжģƷ
To waste; squander.See Synonyms at waste 
˷ѣӻμ waste
To destroy totally; ravage:
𣺳׻ٻ
flames that consumed the house; a body consumed by cancer.
ɷݵĻ棻֢ٻ
To absorb; engross:
ʹȫעʹԣ
consumed with jealousy.See Synonyms at monopolize 
ʼɵò˲μ monopolize
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be destroyed, expended, or wasted.
𡢺ľ˷
To purchase economic goods and services:
򾭼õƷ
a society that consumes as fast as it produces.
һ
?
Middle English consumen 
йӢ consumen 
from Latin c??mere} 
Դ  c??mere} 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
s?e [to take] * see  em- 
s?e [ãȡ] *μ em- 

= =
consumer
con.sum.er
AHD:[kn-s?mr] 
D.J.[k*n6su8m*]
K.K.[k*n6sum+]
n.ʣ
One that consumes, especially one that acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing.
ߣߣָΪֱʹûӵжΪٴȥжȡƷ
A heterotrophic organism that ingests other organisms or organic matter in a food chain.
ȡʳߣһʳʳл򲿷лʵл
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
consumer questionnaires; consumer products.
ѯƷ
?
consumership
n.ʣ

= =
consumption
con.sump.tion
AHD:[kn-s?mpshn] 
D.J.[k*n6sJmp.*n]
K.K.[k*n6sJmp.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of consuming.
ģĵΪ
The state of being consumed.
ľľ״̬
An amount consumed.
ĵ
Economics The using up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods.
ѧ ѣڹƷʱĵƷ
Pathology 
ѧ 
A progressive wasting of body tissue.
֯𲽺
Pulmonary tuberculosis. No longer in scientific use.
첡νˣѧѲʹ
?
Middle English consumpcioun 
йӢ consumpcioun 
from Latin c??mpti?}  c?ns?mpti?n- [a consuming] 
Դ  c??mpti?}  c?ns?mpti?n- [] 
from c??mptus} [past participle of] c?ns?mere [to consume] * see  consume 
Դ c??mptus}  [] c?ns?mereĹȥִ [ѣ] *μ consume

= =
contact
con.tact
AHD:[k?nt2kt] 
D.J.[6kKn7t#kt]
K.K.[6k$n7t#kt]
n.ʣ
A coming together or touching, as of objects or surfaces.
ӴԣģһοӴ
The state or condition of touching or of immediate proximity:
Ӵ״̬Ӵ򰤵úܽ״̬Σ
Litmus paper turns red on contact with an acid.
ʯֽȻ
Connection or interaction; communication:
໥ϵ໥ϵ໥ã
in contact with the right people.

Visual observation:
ĿӣĿ۲죺
The pilot made contact with the ship.
ɻԱĿ۲Ҵ
Association; relationship:
ϵ
came into contact with new ideas at college.
ڴѧӴ˼
A person who might be of use; a connection.
ˣüֵˣϵ
Electricity 
ѧ 
A connection between two conductors that permits a flow of current.
Ӵ֮ݵͨʱĽӴ
A part or device that makes or breaks such a connection.
ӴɻжֽӴĲֻװ
Medicine A person recently exposed to a contagious disease, usually through close association with an infected individual.
ҽѧ Ӵߣͨ뻼ڽڿܱȾϴȾ
A contact lens.
۾
v.ʣ
con.tact.ed,con.tact.ing,con.tacts[k?nt2kt, kn-t2kt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring or put in contact.
ʹӴ򽫡ڽӴ״̬
To get in touch with; communicate with:
롭ȡϵ롭
This past January I was contacted by a lawyer who said he needed my help(Elizabeth Loftus)
һ·һλҪҰʦҹҡ(ɯס˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in or come into contact.
нӴʼӴ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, sustaining, or making contact.
ӴģӴġֽӴĻɽӴ
Caused or transmitted by touching:
ɽӴ򴫲ģ
a contact skin rash.
һֽӴȾƤ
?
Latin cont3s [from past participle of] contingere [to touch] 
 cont3s  [] ԴcontingereĹȥִ [Ӵ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺롱] 
tangere [to touch] * see  tag- 
tangere [Ӵ] *μ tag- 
?
contactual
AHD:[kn-t2kch?-l] ݴʣ
contactually
adv.ʣ
?
In 1966 Wilson Follett wrotethat Persons old enough to have been repelled by the verbcontact  . . . may as well make up their minds that there is no way to arrest or reverse the tide of 
its popularity.  His prophecy is proving correct:In 1969 only 34 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the use ofcontact  as a verb, but in our most recent survey 65 percent of the Panel 
accepted the sentence 
1966ɭдcontact зе곤߻һ޷תսͨõʵ Ԥ֤ȷģ1969÷ר
ʹСԱֻ34˽ܽcontact Ϊʵ÷ ĵ65÷СԱ¾ӣ 
She immediately called an officer at the Naval Intelligence Service, who in turn contacted the FBI. See Usage Note at impact 
绰鱨һԱԱűȡϵ μ impact

= =
contain
con.tain
AHD:[kn-t3n] 
D.J.[k*n6te!n]
K.K.[k*n6ten]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.tained,con.tain.ing,con.tains 
To have within; hold.

To be capable of holding.
ܹ
To have as component parts; include or comprise:
ԡΪɲ֣ɡɣ
The album contains many memorable songs.
ųƬаֵռĸ
To hold or keep within limits; restrain:
ƣƣƵؿƻУƣ
I could hardly contain my curiosity.
Ҽֱ޷ҵĺ
To halt the spread or development of; check:
ƣֹĴչƣ
Science sought an effective method of containing the disease.
ÿѧּ̽Чֶ
To check the expansion or influence of (a hostile power or ideology) by containment.
ǣƣֶֹͨжʶ̬ŻӰ
Mathematics To be exactly divisible by.
ѧ ɱ
?
Middle English conteinen 
йӢ conteinen 
from Old French contenir 
Դ ŷ contenir 
from Latin contin?e 
Դ  contin?e 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺] 
ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
ten?e [] *μ ten- 
?
containable
adj.ݴʣ
?
contain,hold,accommodate
These verbs mean to have within or have the capacity for having within.
Щָ
 Contain   means to have within or have as a part or constituent: 
 Contain  ʾӵУĳΪһֻһ֣ 
This drawer contains all the cutlery we own.
ʢеĵ;ߡ
The book contains some amusing passages.
ⱾһЩȤ½ڡ
Polluted water contains contaminants.
ȾˮкзȾ
Hold   can be used in that sense but primarily stresses capacity for containing: 
Hold  ˼ϲڰ 
The pitcher holds two pints but contains only one.
ӿװƷѣֻװһƷѡ
Accommodate   refers to capacity for holding comfortably: 
Accommodate  ָɵ 
The restaurant accommodates 50 customers.
Ҳ͹ʮλ
Four hundred inmates were crowded into a prison intended to accommodate 200. 
ԭɶ˵ļİٸ 

= =
container
con.tain.er
AHD:[kn-t3nr] 
D.J.[k*n6te!n*]
K.K.[k*n6ten+]
n.ʣ
A receptacle, such as a carton, can, or jar, in which material is held or carried.
ɻ䶫õֽСӻ̳ӵ
A large reusable receptacle that can accommodate smaller cartons or cases in a single shipment, designed for efficient handling of cargo.
װ䣺һֿɷʹõĴɽСһЩֽлһصĻУרΪЧʵװж

= =
contaminate
con.tam.i.nate
AHD:[kn-t2m-n3t] 
D.J.[k*n6t#m*7ne!t]
K.K.[k*n6t#m*7net]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.tam.i.nated,con.tam.i.nat.ing,con.tam.i.nates 
To make impure or unclean by contact or mixture.
ȾͨӴʹ򲻽ྻ
To expose to or permeate with radioactivity.
ʹڷ֮»ܷȾ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-n1t]  
Contaminated.
Ⱦ
?
Middle English contaminaten 
йӢ contaminaten 
from Latin cont33re}  cont3min3t- * see  tag- 
Դ  cont33re}  cont3min3t- *μ tag- 
?
contaminative
adj.ݴʣ
contaminator
n.ʣ
?
contaminate,befoul,foul,poison,pollute,taint
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make dirty or impure: 
Ще˼ǡʹ򲻴 
a contaminated reservoir;
Ⱦˮ⣻
shoes that were befouled with mud;
մЬӣ
noxious fumes that foul the air;
ȾĶ̣
chemicals poisoning the lake;
ȾĻѧʣ
polluted streams;
Ⱦĺ
food that had been tainted through improper storage. 
治ʳ 

= =
contemplate
con.tem.plate
AHD:[k?ntm-pl3t] 
D.J.[6kKnt*m7ple!t]
K.K.[6k$nt*m7plet]
v.ʣ
con.tem.plat.ed,con.tem.plat.ing,con.tem.plates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look at attentively and thoughtfully.See Synonyms at see 1
עӣרĺؿμ see1
To consider carefully and at length; meditate on or ponder:
˼⣺ϸõؿǣ˼˼
contemplated the problem from all sides; contemplated the mystery of God.
Ӹؿ⣻˼ϵ۵İ
To have in mind as an intention or possibility:
㣺Ϊпԣ
contemplate marriage; forced by the accident to contemplate retirement.
飻ضȴ㳷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To ponder; meditate.
Ĭ˼˼˼Ĭ
?
Latin contempl3o}  contempl3t- 
 contempl3o}  contempl3t- 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
templum [space for observing auguries] * see  tem- 
templum [ۿռʽĿյ] *μ tem- 
?
contemplator
n.ʣ

= =
contemporary
con.tem.po.rar.y
AHD:[kn-tmp-rr?] 
D.J.[k*n6temp*7reri8]
K.K.[k*n6tWmp*7rWri]
adj.Abbr. contemp.ݴʣд contemp.
Belonging to the same period of time:
ͬʱڵģ
a fact documented by two contemporary sources.
ͬԭʼ֤ʵ
Of about the same age.
Լͬ
Current; modern:
ǰģִɣģ
contemporary trends in design.
ִɣ
n.ʣ
 con.tem.po.rar.ies д contemp.
One of the same time or age:
ͬˣͬһʱͬһˣ
Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.
ѩͼôͬһʱ
A person of the present age.
ǰʱ
?
Medieval Latin contempor3s 
 contempor3s 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
Latin tempus  tempor- [time] 
 tempus  tempor- [ʱ] 
Latin -3s [-ary] 
 -3s [׺롭йصˡ] 
?
contemporarily
AHD:[-tmp-rar-l?] ʣ
?
contemporary,contemporaneous,simultaneous,synchronous,concurrent,coincident,concomitant
These adjectives mean existing or occurring at the same time.
Щݴʱʾڻͬһʱڵġ
 Contemporary   is used more often of persons,contemporaneous  of events and facts:  
 Contemporary  ˣcontemporaneous ¼ʵ  
The composer Salieri had the misfortune of being contemporary with Mozart.
Īشͬʱ
A rise in interest rates is often contemporaneous with an increase in inflation.  Onlycontemporary  has the sense modern or present-day:  
ʵ߳ͨ͵ͬʱ֡ ֻcontemporary Сִġ򡰵ǰġ֮⣺  
I heard a concert of contemporary music.
һִֻᡣ
Simultaneous   more narrowly specifies occurrence of events at the same time: 
Simultaneous  Ϊؾָ¼ͬʱ 
Opponents of nuclear power tried to organize simultaneous demonstrations in all the major cities.
˶ͼд֯ͬʱеʾ
Synchronous   refers to correspondence of events in time over a generally short period: 
Synchronous  ָ¼һΪڽ϶̵ʱڵһ£ 
The animal uttered a series of low cries that seemed synchronous with its heartbeat.
ֻҰ޷һƺƵһµĵͺ
Concurrent   implies parallelism in character or length of time: 
Concurrent  ʻʱһµ˼ 
The mass murderer was given three concurrent life sentences.
ǸɱȺڵֱͬʱдִͽ̡
Coincident   applies to events occurring at the same time without implying a relationship between them: 
Coincident  ͬʱ¼ʾ֮໥ϵ 
The resistance to the Pope's authority . . . is pretty nearly coincident with the rise of the Ottomans  (John Henry Newman).
 Խ̻Ȩķ˹˵𼸺ͬʱ ԼŦ
 Concomitant   refers to coincidence in time of events so clearly related that one seems attendant on the other: 
 Concomitant  Ҳָ¼ͬʱЩ¼Ե໥ϵƺһһ¶Ľ 
He is an adherent of the theories of Sigmund Freud and had a concomitant belief in the efficacy of psychoanalysis. 
ɡѧ˵ͽȻҲŽĹЧ 
?
Whencontemporary  is used in reference to something in the past, its meaning is not always clear.Contemporary critics of Shakespeare  may mean critics in his time or critics in our 
time. When the context does not make the meaning clear,misunderstanding can be avoided by using phrases such ascritics in Shakespeare's time  or modern critics.  
comtemporary ָȥʱ ĺʱǺģġContemporary critics of Shakespeare Աʾɯʿͬʱۼǻǵۼǡ 
Ĳ˵˼critics in Shakespeare's timeɯʿǸʱۼǣ  modern criticsۼǣ ֮ĶԱ 

= =
contempt
con.tempt
AHD:[kn-tmpt] 
D.J.[k*n6tempt]
K.K.[k*n6tWmpt]
n.ʣ
Disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn.
ԵĻӣԱӵĶ
The state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace.
裺ӻ״̬
Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body.
ӣԷͥȨйȻΥΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin contemptus [past participle of] contemnere [to despise] * see  contemn 
Դ  contemptus  [] contemnereĹȥִ [] *μ contemn

= =
contend
con.tend
AHD:[kn-tnd] 
D.J.[k*n6tend]
K.K.[k*n6tWnd]
v.ʣ
con.tend.ed,con.tend.ing,contends 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strive in opposition or against difficulties; struggle:
ԿԵػභ
armies contending for control of strategic territory; had to contend with long lines at the airport.
Ϊ˿սضսڻܴų
To compete, as in a race; vie.
ھУ
To strive in controversy or debate; dispute.See Synonyms at discuss 
ۣۻо۲μ discuss
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To maintain or assert:
Żƣ
The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.
淽֤ǲɽܵ
?
Middle English contenden 
йӢ contenden 
from Latin contendere 
Դ  contendere 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
tendere [to stretch, strive] * see  ten- 
tendere [죬] *μ ten- 
?
contender
n.ʣ

= =
content
content 1
AHD:[k?ntnt] 
D.J.[6kKn7tent]
K.K.[6k$n7tWnt]
n.ʣ
Often contents Something contained, as in a receptacle:
  contents УɵĶ
the contents of my desk drawer; the contents of an aerosol can.
ж޵
Often contents The subject matter of a written work, such as a book or magazine.
  contents ݣƷݣ־
The substantive or meaningful part:
ּʵԵĻĲ֣
The brain is hungry not for method but for content, especially content which contains generalizations that are powerful, precise, and explicit(Frederick Turner)
ҪĲǷ壬ǰ׼ȷͨ(׵ˡ)
The meaning or significance of a literary or artistic work.
壺ѧƷƷеĺ
The proportion of a specified substance:
ĳضʵı
Eggs have a high protein content.
кܸߵĵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin contentum 
Դ  contentum 
neuter past participle of Latin contin?e [to contain] * see  contain 
  contin? [] *μ contain
?
content
content 2
AHD:[kn-tnt] 
D.J.[k*n6tent]
K.K.[k*n6tWnt]
adj.ݴʣ
Desiring no more than what one has; satisfied.
ģģ
Ready to accept or acquiesce; willing:
ԸģԸܻĬϵģԸģ
She was content to step down after four years as chief executive.
ڵ֮Ըλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.tent.ed,con.tent.ing,con.tents 
To make content or satisfied:
ʹ㣺
contented himself with one piece of cake.
һ鵰ǳ
n.ʣ
Contentment; satisfaction.
㣻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin contentus [past participle of] contin?re [to restrain] * see  contain 
Դ  contentus  [] contin?reĹȥִ [] *μ contain

= =
contest
con.test
AHD:[k?ntst] 
D.J.[6kKn7test]
K.K.[6k$n7tWst]
n.ʣ
A struggle for superiority or victory between rivals.
֮Ϊȡƻʤе
A competition, especially one in which entrants perform separately and are rated by judges.See Synonyms at conflict 
ָ׼Աеıμ conflict
v.ʣ
con.test.ed,con.test.ing,con.tests[kn-tst, k?ntst]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To compete or strive for.
Ϊ
To call into question and take an active stand against; dispute or challenge:
粵ԡɲԣ粵ս
contest a will.See Synonyms at oppose 
Чμ oppose
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To struggle or compete; contend:
᣺
contested with other bidders for the antique.
Ŷ˾
?
Probably from French conteste 
Դ  conteste 
from contester [to dispute] 
Դ contester [粵] 
from Old French [to call to witness] 
Դ ŷ [롭֤] 
from Latin contest3o} 
Դ  contest3o} 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
testis [witness] * see  trei- 
testis [֤] *μ trei- 
?
contestable
adj.ݴʣ
contestation
AHD:[k?nt-st3shn] ʣ
contester
n.ʣ

= =
context
con.text
AHD:[k?ntkst] 
D.J.[6kKn7tekst]
K.K.[6k$n7tWkst]
n.ʣ
The part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning.
ģ»Χĳضʻ䲢Ҿ京Ĳ
The circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting.
¼еĻ
?
Middle English [composition] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin contextus [from past participle of] contexere [to join together] 
Դ  contextus  [] ԴcontexereĹȥִ [һ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
texere [to weave] * see  teks- 
texere [֯] *μ teks- 

= =
continent
continent 1
AHD:[k?nt-nnt] 
D.J.[6kKnt*n*nt]
K.K.[6k$nt*n*nt]
n.ʣ
Abbr. cont.One of the principal land masses of the earth, usually regarded as including Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
д cont.½ҪĴ½֮һһΪޡϼޡޡޡŷޡ޼
Continent The mainland of Europe. Used withthe.  
 Continent ŷ޴½ŷ޴½붨ڴthe  
?
Latin (terra) contin?s  continent- [continuous (land)] [present participle of] contin?re [to hold together] * see  contain 
 (terra) contin?s  continent- [಻ϵģ½أ]  [] contin?reڷִ [ʹһ] *μ contain
?
continent
continent 2
AHD:[k?nt-nnt] 
D.J.[6kKnt*n*nt]
K.K.[6k$nt*n*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Exercising continence.
ʵнƵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin contin?s [present participle of] contin?re [to restrain] * see  contain 
Դ  contin?s  [] contin?reڷִ [] *μ contain
?
continently
adv.ʣ

= =
continual
con.tin.u.al
AHD:[kn-t1ny?-l] 
D.J.[k*n6t!nju8*l]
K.K.[k*n6t!nju*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Recurring regularly or frequently:
йɵػ򾭳ٷ
the continual need to pay the mortgage.
뾭Ѻ
Not interrupted; steady:
ϵģȶģ
continual noise; a continual diet of vegetables.
ϵĳڳ
?
continually
adv.ʣ
?
continual,continuous,constant,ceaseless,incessant,perpetual,eternal,perennial,interminable
These adjectives are compared as they mean occurring over and over during a long period of time.
ЩݴʿԻȽϣǶʾһγʱһٷġ
 Continual   can connote absence of interruption ( 
 Continual  ζŲڼϣ 
lived in continual fear)  but is chiefly restricted to what is intermittent or repeated at intervals ( 
ڲͷĿ־֮У ҪڼЪԵĻÿһʱظĶ 
the continual banging of the shutter in the wind). 
Ҷڷвʱ죩 
 Continuous   implies lack of interruption in time, substance, or extent: 
 Continuous  ʱ䡢ʻûмϵ˼ 
She suffered a continuous bout of illness lasting six months.
ѳ¡
The horizon is a continuous line.
ƽһֱߡ
Constant   stresses steadiness or persistence of occurrence and unvarying nature: 
Constant  ¼ȶԺͳԼòص㣺 
the constant chatter of the monkeys in the zoo;
԰Ӳͣ֨֨
constant repetition of the exercise.
ظϰ
Ceaseless   andincessant  pertain to uninterrupted activity:  
Ceaseless  incessant Ļйأ  
the ceaseless thunder of the surf against the rocks;
˲Ĵʯ¡¡
incessant questions.
һ̲ͣʡ
Perpetual   emphasizes both steadiness and duration: 
Perpetual  ǿȶԼ־ԣ 
a perpetual struggle;
ڵĶ
a perpetual stream of visitors.
ϵߡ
Eternal   refers to what is everlasting, especially to what is seemingly without temporal beginning or end: 
Eternal  ָԵģָЩȥƺʱûп˺ͽ 
That freedom can be retained only by the eternal vigilance which has always been its price  (Elmer Davis).
 ֻͨڵľܱ֣־Ĵۡ Ĭά˹
 Perennial   describes existence that goes on year after year,often with the suggestion of self-renewal: 
 Perennial  һڵҸµ˼ 
wished for perennial youth;
ഺڣ
the perennial problem of urban poverty.
ʼδܽеƶ⡣
Interminable   refers to what is or seems to be endlessand is often applied to something prolonged and wearisome: 
Interminable  ʾûû˵Ļȥûû˵Ķָʱܳ 
interminable talk;
̸߳
an interminable argument. 
ûû˵ 

= =
continue
con.tin.ue
AHD:[kn-t1ny?] 
D.J.[k*n6t!nju8]
K.K.[k*n6t!nju]
v.ʣ
con.tin.ued,con.tin.u.ing,con.tin.ues д cont.
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go on with a particular action or in a particular condition; persist.
ĳһضΪ򱣳ĳһض
To exist over a prolonged period; last.
ӳʱڴڣ
To remain in the same state, capacity, or place:
ͬ״̬λã
She continued as mayor for a second term.
һг
To go on after an interruption; resume:
ʹж֮¿ʼ
The negotiations continued after a break for lunch.
Ϣ̸֮м
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry forward; persist in:
֣ʹϣ֣
The police will continue their investigation.
ֽǵĵ
To carry further in time, space, or development; extend.
죺ʹʱ䡢ռչչʹ
To cause to remain or last; retain.
ʹʹάԭ״ά
To carry on after an interruption; resume.
ʹжϺ¿ʼ
Law To postpone or adjourn.
ɡ ʹڻݻ
?
Middle English continuen 
йӢ continuen 
from Old French continuer 
Դ ŷ continuer 
from Latin continu3e 
Դ  continu3e 
from continuus [continuous] 
Դ continuus [ϵ] 
from contin?e [to hold together] * see  contain 
Դ contin?e [ѡһ] *μ contain
?
continuable
adj.ݴʣ
continuer
n.ʣ

= =
continuity
con.ti.nu.i.ty
AHD:[k?nt-n?1-t?, -ny?-] 
D.J.[7kKnt*6nu8!ti8, -6nju8-]
K.K.[7k$nt*6nu!ti, -6nju-]
n.ʣ
 con.ti.nu.i.ties 
The state or quality of being continuous.
ԣϵ״̬
An uninterrupted succession or flow; a coherent whole.
壺ûжϵĽһ
A detailed script or scenario consulted to avoid discrepancies from shot to shot in a film.
־ͷ籾һΪӰоͷĲ꾡ĵӰ籾־ͷ籾
Spoken matter serving to link parts of a radio or television program so that no break occurs.
ĿʣߵӽĿиʹ֮ͣٵĽ˵

= =
continuous
con.tin.u.ous
AHD:[kn-t1ny?-s] 
D.J.[k*n6t!nju8*s]
K.K.[k*n6t!nju*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent.See Synonyms at continual 
ϵģʱ䡢˳ɻΧϵĲμ continual
Attached together in repeated units:
һϵеģظֵĵλһģ
a continuous form fed into a printer.
ԴԴӡһϵб
Mathematics Of or relating to a line or curve that extends without a break or irregularity.
ѧ ģûжϻ򲻹仯ֱ߻ߵģ֮йص
?
From Latin continuus * see  continue 
Դ  continuus *μ continue
?
continuously
adv.ʣ
continuousness
n.ʣ

= =
contract
con.tract
AHD:[k?ntr2kt] 
D.J.[6kKn7tr#kt]
K.K.[6k$n7tr#kt]
n.Abbr. contr.,cont.ʣд contr.,cont.
An agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforceable by law.
ͬԼϵ֮ɵһЭ飬ָзЧЭ
The writing or document containing such an agreement.
ͬıһЭϻļ
The branch of law dealing with formal agreements between parties.
ͬ淶˸֮ʽЭ鷨ɵһ֧
Marriage as a formal agreement; betrothal.
ԼΪʽЭĻ
Games 
Ϸ 
The last and highest bid of one hand in bridge.
ƣһҲߵľ
The number of tricks thus bid.
ԼʱԼĶշĿ
Contract bridge.
Լ
A paid assignment to murder someone:
ԼһΪıɱ˶ƶгЭ飺
put out a contract on the mobster's life.
Ϊıɱ˵˶Լ
v.ʣ
con.tract.ed,con.tract.ing,con.tracts[kn-tr2kt, k?ntr2kt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enter into by contract; establish or settle by formal agreement:
ԼͨͬԼʼ£ͨʽЭƶȷ
contract a marriage.

To acquire or incur:
ȡû£
contract obligations; contract a serious illness.
ܶ飻Ⱦز
To reduce in size by drawing together; shrink.
ͨսʹߴС
To pull together; wrinkle.
ʹһ
Grammar To shorten (a word or words) by omitting or combining some of the letters or sounds.
﷨ ͨʡԻĳЩĸʹһ򼸸ʣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To enter into or make an agreement:
ʼЭԼƶЭ飺
contract for garbage collection.
ͬռ
To become reduced in size by or as if by being drawn together:
ͨսƺͨսСߴ磺
The pupils of the patient's eyes contracted.
۾ͫС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin contr3s [past participle of] contrahere [to draw together, make a contract] 
Դ  contr3s  [] contrahereĹȥִ [һ𣬶ͬ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
trahere [to draw] 
trahere [] 
?
contractibility  
contractibleness
n.ʣ
contractible
adj.ݴʣ
?
contract,condense,compress,constrict,shrink
These verbs mean to decrease in size or content.Tocontract  is to draw together, especially by an internal force, with a resultant reduction in size, extent, or volume:  
ЩʱʾСߴContract ָһսָһսӶߴ硢ΧϵĻС  
The bodybuilders contracted their biceps in unison.
˶ԱһŶͷ
The pupil of the eye dilates and contracts in response to light.
ΪԹķӦ۾ͫ׻ŴС
Condense   refers to a reduction in volume and an increase in compactness: 
Condense  ָСͬʱܶϵ 
To produce snow requires both heat and cold;the first to evaporate, the second to condense  (John Lubbock). 
 ѩγҪȺǰãá Լˣ 
The chairman condensed all the suggestions put forward into a single plan of action.
ϯĽ㼯һжƻ
Compress   applies to increased compactness brought about by pressing or squeezing;the term implies reduction in volume and change of form or shape: 
Compress  ͨѹµܶʺСʽ״Ϸ仯˼ 
compress dough into a circle with a rolling pin;
ߦȰߦԲƬ
sat on the lid of the suitcase to compress the clothes;
ϰ·ѹ
trying to compress my thoughts into a few words.  Toconstrict  is to make smaller or narrower, usually by binding or compression:  
ҵ뷨ѹɼ仰 Consitrict ָͨͨѹøСխ  
An accumulation of silt constricted the entrance to the harbor.
ĳʹڱխ
Tight shoes constrict the feet.
Ь̫ἷš
Shrink   refers to contraction that produces reduction in length, size, volume, or extent: 
Shrink  ָ𳤶ȡߴ硢ΧС 
Wool jersey should be shrunk before being cut and stitched.
ëƽ֯ڲüͷǰӦˮ
Many once prosperous northern mill towns have shrunk as industry has moved to the South.
ΪҵǨƵϷһȷٵıĥС򶼼С˹ģ
His capital shrank as his business foundered. See also Synonyms at  bargain 
ʧʱǮҲ μͬ bargain

= =
contradict
con.tra.dict
AHD:[k?ntr-d1kt] 
D.J.[7kKntr*6d!kt]
K.K.[7k$ntr*6d!kt]
v.ʣ
con.tra.dict.ed,con.tra.dict.ing,con.tra.dicts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assert or express the opposite of (a statement).
⣺ԣһ˵ķ
To deny the statement of.See Synonyms at deny 
ϡ˵μ deny
To be contrary to; be inconsistent with.
Υ롭ìܣ롭ִ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a contradictory statement.
෴˵
?
Latin contr3ocere}  contr3dict- [to speak against] 
 contr3ocere}  contr3dict- [] 
contr3- [contra-] 
contr3- [ǰ׺෴] 
doe [to speak] * see  deik- 
doe [˵] *μ deik- 
?
contradictable
adj.ݴʣ
contradicter  
contradictor
n.ʣ

= =
contradiction
con.tra.dic.tion
AHD:[k?ntr-d1kshn] 
D.J.[7kKntr*6d!k.*n]
K.K.[7k$ntr*6d!k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of contradicting.
򲵳Ϊ
The state of being contradicted.
״̬
A denial.

Inconsistency; discrepancy.
ìܣһ£ƫ
Something that contains contradictory elements.
ì壺໥ص

= =
contrary
con.trar.y
AHD:[k?ntrr?] 
D.J.[6kKn7treri8]
K.K.[6k$n7trWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Opposed, as in character or purpose:
ԵģΥģ෴ģʻĿϣ
contrary opinions; acts that are contrary to our code of ethics.
෴ǵĵ±׼㣵Ϊ
Opposite in direction or position:
෴ģڷ෴ĻλԵģ
playing scales in contrary motion.

Adverse; unfavorable:
ģģ
a contrary wind.

also [kn-trar?] Given to recalcitrant behavior; willful or perverse.
Ҳ [kn-trar?] ̵ģԵģԵģִֵĻԵ
n.ʣ
 con.trar.ies 
Something that is opposite or contrary.
෴
Either of two opposing or contrary things:
෴еһ
Truth is perhaps . . . a dynamic compound of opposites, savage contraries for a moment conjoined(A. Bartlett Giamatti)
ҲǡɶʱһĽȻ෴ɵһֲϱ仯Ļ塱(A.ء̩)
Logic A proposition related to another in such a way that if the latter is true, the former must be false, but if the latter is false, the former is not necessarily true.
߼ѧ ⣺һһ໥ϵ⣬ΪȷǰһǴģΪǰ߲һȷ
adv.ʣ
In an opposite direction or manner; counter:
෴أìܵأΪ෴أأ
The judge ruled contrary to all precedent in the case.
ڴ˰Υе
?
by contraries
In opposition to what is expected.
Ԥ෴
on the contrary
In opposition to what has been stated or what is expected:
෴ģ˵Ļ෴Ԥڵ෴ģ
I'm not sick; on the contrary, I'm in the peak of health.
ûвǡǡ෴ҽ
?
Middle English contrarie 
йӢ contrarie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin contr3s 
Դ  contr3s 
contr3} [against] * see  kom 
contr3} [] *μ kom 
-3s [-ary] 
-3s [׺롭й֮] 
?
contrarily
adv.ʣ
contrariness
n.ʣ
?
contrary,balky,perverse,wayward,ornery
These adjectives mean given to acting in opposition to others.
Щݴʱʾ˻෴µġ
 Contrary   applies especially to a person who is inherently self-willed and resistant to direction or counsel: 
 Contrary  ִָҾָܾˣ 
Who can reason with you when you're being contrary?
ִ֣˭ܸ㽲أ
Balky   describes an animal or a mechanical device that stops short and does not proceed or continue in operation;the word is also applicable to analogous human behavior: 
Balky  ͻȻͣסǰĶͻȻͣټĻеװãҲĳЩ˵Ϊ 
The balky horse refused the jump.
Ѳǰܾȥ
The balky engine sputtered and stopped.
ʹķžͣ
Even threats of indictment didn't loosen the tongue of the balky witness.
ʹвҪظҲʹһϺ֤˵һ
Perverse   implies disposition or determination to contravene what is expected or desired: 
Perverse  ˵ԤڻԸִԸ֮⣺ 
He said no just to be perverse.
ֻǹԲ˵ġ
Wayward   stresses a flouting of authority that leads to erratic, capricious, or reprehensible behavior: 
Wayward  ǿһֶȨӣӶ¹Źֵġ޳ӦָΪ 
a lively child, who had been spoilt and indulged, and therefore was sometimes wayward  (Charlotte Bront?).One who isornery  is marked by a mean-spirited, often defiant 
contrariety:  
 һõĺӣΪ簮ʱԾǿ ١أOrnery ʱխֳΥĻìܵ  
When I tried to get the car salesman to lower his prices,he became ornery and dug in his heels. See also Synonyms at  opposite 
ͼԱѼ۸񽵵ʱͷزŽţƢ μͬ opposite

= =
contrast
con.trast
AHD:[kn-tr2st, k?ntr2st] 
D.J.[k*n6tr#st, 6kKn7tr#st]
K.K.[k*n6tr#st, 6k$n7tr#st]
v.ʣ
con.trast.ed,con.trast.ing,con.trasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set in opposition in order to show or emphasize differences:
ʹգΪԳǿʹԱȣ
an essay that contrasts city and country life; contrasted this computer with inferior models.
һƪȽϳк£ⲿƷʲĻͶԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To show differences when compared:
Ƚ֮Գ
siblings who contrast sharply in interests and abilities; a color that contrasted clearly with the dark background.
ȤȻֵܣãɫӰγԱȵɫ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?ntr2st] 
The act of contrasting; a setting off of dissimilar entities or objects.
գԱȵΪͨԱͻͬʵ
The state of being contrasted:
ԱȣգԱ֮ʾ״̬
red berries standing in vivid contrast against the snow.
ݮѩγĶԱ
A difference, especially a strong dissimilarity, between entities or objects compared:
⣺Ƚϵʵ֮Ĳ죬ָ
the contrast between Northern and Southern speech patterns.
ϷĲ
One thing that is strikingly dissimilar to another:
ԣһﾼȻһ
My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.
ҵѧУǰĺö
The use of opposing elements, such as colors, forms, or lines, in proximity to produce an intensified effect in a work of art.
ԱȣһƷнԵҪأɫ״ȣһʹԲǿҵĶԱЧ
The difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of a picture, such as a photograph or video image.
ӰͼĻͰ֮Ȳ
?
French contraster 
 contraster 
from Italian contrastare 
Դ  contrastare 
from Medieval Latin contr33re} 
Դ  contr33re} 
Latin contr3- [contra-] 
 contr3- [ǰ׺෴] 
Latin st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
 st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
contrastable
adj.ݴʣ
contrastingly
adv.ʣ
?
The nouncontrast  may be followed by between, with,  or to :  
contrast Ը between,with  to   
There is a sharp contrast between his earlier and later works.
ƷƷȻͬ
In contrast with (or less frequently, to ) his early works, the later plays are brittle and highly theatrical.  
ڵƷȣ򲻾õ to  ڵϷҼϷԡ  
 Whencontrast  is used as a transitive verb, bothwith  and to  may follow, thoughwith  is more common:  
contrast ﶯʱ ɸwith  to  with Ϊձ飺  
He contrasts the naturalistic early plays with (or to ) the brittle later comedies.  
ڵȻϷ루߿ to  еϲγĶԱ  

= =
contribute
con.trib.ute
AHD:[kn-tr1by?t] 
D.J.[k*n6tr!bju8t]
K.K.[k*n6tr!bjut]
v.ʣ
con.trib.ut.ed,con.trib.ut.ing,con.trib.utes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for a common purpose.
ʣһṩΪͬĿľ
To submit for publication:
Ͷ壺ѡͽ棺
contributed two stories to the summer issue.
Ͷƪ¸ļ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a contribution:

contributes to several charities.
һЩ
To help bring about a result; act as a factor:
ףΪĳһףٳɡأ
Exercise contributes to better health.
ܴٳɸǿ
To submit material for publication.
Ͷ壺Ͷ׫Թ
?
Latin contribuere  contrib?t- [to bring together] 
 contribuere  contrib?t- [ʹһ] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ǰ׺͡] 
tribuere [to grant] * see  tribute 
tribuere [] *μ tribute
?
contributive
adj.ݴʣ
contributively
adv.ʣ
contributiveness
n.ʣ
contributor
n.ʣ

= =
contribution
con.tri.bu.tion
AHD:[k?ntr1-by?shn] 
D.J.[7kKntr!6bju8.*n]
K.K.[7k$ntr!6bju.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of contributing.
ף׵Ϊ
Abbr. contrib.Something contributed.
д contrib.׵Ķ
A payment exacted for a special purpose; an impost or a levy.
˰ΪĳһضĿյķã˰˰

= =
contrive
con.trive
AHD:[kn-trov] 
D.J.[k*n6tra!v]
K.K.[k*n6tra!v]
v.ʣ
con.trived,con.triv.ing,con.trives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plan with cleverness or ingenuity; devise:
ƣԻǻɵķƳ
contrive ways to amuse the children.
İ취
To invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation:
죺ָͨʱƴճɵأ
contrived a swing from hanging vines.
ôһǧ
To plan with evil intent; scheme:
߻Ļؼƻ߻
contrived a plot to seize power.
߻Ȩı
To bring about, as by scheming; manage:
跨£ͨ߻跨
somehow contrived to get past the guards unnoticed.
취
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form plans or schemes.
ƻı
?
Middle English contreven 
йӢ contreven 
from Old French controver  contreuv- 
Դ ŷ controver  contreuv- 
from Medieval Latin controp3e [to compare] 
Դ  controp3e [ѡȽ] 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺ͬ] 
Latin tropus [turn, manner, style]  from Greek tropos * see  trep- 
 tropus [Ķʽʽ]  Դ ϣ tropos *μ trep- 
?
contriver
n.ʣ

= =
control
con.trol
AHD:[kn-tr?l] 
D.J.[k*n6tr*&l]
K.K.[k*n6trol]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.trolled,con.trol.ling,con.trols 
To exercise authoritative or dominating influence over; direct.See Synonyms at conduct 
֧䣺ԡʩȨԵĻӰ죻ָӲμ conduct
To hold in restraint; check:
ƣƣ
struggled to control my temper; regulations intended to control prices.
ŬҵƢ۵ķ
To verify or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or by comparing with another standard.
飺ͨһƵʵһ׼Ƚѧʵ飩
To verify (an account, for example) by using a duplicate register for comparison.
˶ԣͨǼǻ㲢Ƚ˶Իʵȣ
n.ʣ
Authority or ability to manage or direct:
֧ȨָӵȨ
lost control of the skidding car; the leaders in control of the country.
򻬵ʧȥƣҵ쵼
Abbr. cont.,contr.
д cont.,contr.
One that controls; a controlling agent, device, or organization.
ߣƻ֧ˣõƼװû֯
Often controls An instrument or set of instruments used to operate, regulate, or guide a machine or vehicle.
  controls һݡƻʻеͨߵе
A restraining device, measure, or limit; a curb:
ƣõֶΡʩ޶ƣ
a control on prices; price controls.
۹ƣͳ
A standard of comparison for checking or verifying the results of an experiment.
ձ׼һ˶ԻʵĶձ׼
An individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment.
壺ڶʵбձ׼һһ
An intelligence agent who supervises or instructs another agent.
ලߣලָһ鱨Ա鱨Ա
A spirit presumed to speak or act through a medium.
꣺Ϊͨһмˣ˵µĹ
?
Middle English controllen 
йӢ controllen 
from Anglo-Norman contreroller 
Դ Ӣ contreroller 
from Medieval Latin contr33re} [to check by duplicate register] 
Դ  contr33re} [ͨü¼] 
from contr3s [duplicate register] 
Դ contr3s [¼] 
Latin contr3- [contra-] 
 contr3- [ǰ׺෴] 
Latin rotulus [roll] [diminutive of] rota [wheel] * see  ret- 
 rotulus []  [] rotaС׺ [] *μ ret- 
?
controllability
n.ʣ
controllable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
controversial
con.tro.ver.sial
AHD:[k?ntr-v?rshl, -s?-l] 
D.J.[7kKntr*6vT8.*l, -si8*l]
K.K.[7k$ntr*6vP.*l, -si*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, producing, or marked by controversy:
ģ۵ġ۵Ļģ
a controversial movie; a controversial stand on human rights.
һĵӰȨ
Fond of controversy; disputatious.
۵ģ
?
controversialist
n.ʣ
controversiality
AHD:[-sh?-2l1-t?, -s?-] ʣ
controversially
adv.ʣ

= =
controversy
con.tro.ver.sy
AHD:[k?ntr-v?rs?] 
D.J.[6kKntr*7vT8si8]
K.K.[6k$ntr*7vPsi]
n.ʣ
 con.tro.ver.sies 
A dispute, especially a public one, between sides holding opposing views.See Synonyms at argument 
ۣۣڳ෴۵֮еģָģۻ۲μ argument
The act or practice of engaging in such disputes:
磺ۻ۵Ϊʵ
writers skilled at controversy.
ó۵
?
Middle English controversie 
йӢ controversie 
from Latin contr?a 
Դ  contr?a 
from contr?s [disputed] 
Դ contr?s [] 
contr3- [contra-] 
contr3- [ǰ׺෴] 
versus [past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
versus  [] vertereĹȥִ [ı] *μ wer- 2

= =
convenience
con.ven.ience
AHD:[kn-v?nyns] 
D.J.[k*n6vi8nj*ns]
K.K.[k*n6vinj*ns]
n.ʣ
The quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or needs:
㣺ʺĳ˵ʡĿĻҪʣ
the convenience of living near shops, schools, and libraries.
ס̵ꡢѧУͼݸ֮
Personal comfort or advantage:
˵ʻ棺
services that promote the customer's convenience.
߹˿ͱķ
Something that increases comfort or saves work:
ʩʹ˸ʻʡĶ
household conveniences such as a washing machine, an electric can opener, and disposable diapers.See Synonyms at amenity 
ͥþߣϴ»綯Լϴ򲼲μ amenity
Chiefly British A lavatory.
Ӣ 

= =
convenient
con.ven.ient
AHD:[kn-v?nynt] 
D.J.[k*n6vi8nj*nt]
K.K.[k*n6vinj*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Suited or favorable to one's comfort, purpose, or needs:
ʡģģ˻ĳ˵ʣĿĻҪģ
a convenient time to receive guests; a convenient excuse for not going.
ӭӿ˵ʱȥʵ
Easy to reach; accessible:
ģ׵ģڽӽģ
a bank with branches at six convenient locations.
ӵλڱص֮е
Close at hand; near:
ͷģģ
an apartment that is convenient to shopping and transportation.
ͽͨܽĹԢ
Obsolete Fitting and proper; suitable.
 ʵĺʵģ˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin conveni?s  convenient- [present participle of] convenore [to be suitable, fit] * see  convene 
Դ  conveni?s  convenient-  [] convenoreڷִ [ˣʺ] *μ convene
?
conveniently
adv.ʣ

= =
convention
con.ven.tion
AHD:[kn-vnshn] 
D.J.[k*n6ven.*n]
K.K.[k*n6vWn.*n]
n.Abbr. conv.ʣд conv.
A formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates, as of a political party, fraternal society, profession, or industry.
飺ĳһֵܻᡢҵҵĳԱԱϯʽ
The body of persons attending such an assembly:
ȫߣμּȫԱ
called the convention to order.

An agreement between states, sides, or military forces, especially an international agreement dealing with a specific subject, such as the treatment of prisoners of war.
ʹԼҡɱ֮ԼָĳһضĹʹԼս
General agreement on or acceptance of certain practices or attitudes:
ϰףĳֹ̬߳ȵһͬϿɣ
By convention, north is at the top of most maps.
չλڴͼĶ
A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom:
أϰףһձѭĹָ߳ύģף
the convention of shaking hands.
ֵϰ
A widely used and accepted device or technique, as in drama, literature, or painting:
ͳַ㷺ʹòַܵɣϷ硢ѧ滭У
the theatrical convention of the aside.
Ϸ԰׵
?
Middle English convencioun 
йӢ convencioun 
from Latin conventi?}  conventi?n- [meeting] 
Դ  conventi?}  conventi?n- [] 
from conventus [past participle of] convenore [to assemble] * see  convene 
Դ conventus  [] convenoreĹȥִ [] *μ convene

= =
conventional
con.ven.tion.al
AHD:[kn-vnsh-nl] 
D.J.[k*n6ven.*n*l]
K.K.[k*n6vWn.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Based on or in accordance with general agreement, use, or practice; customary:
ͳģݻһ÷߳ģϰߵģ
conventional symbols; a conventional form of address.
õƺĹʽ
Conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional:
ͳģѭȷĹ߱Ͽɵ׼ģͳģ
a conventional church wedding.
ͳĽʽ
Devoted to or bound by conventions to the point of artificiality; ceremonious.
Ϯģעϰеģ׵
Unimaginative; conformist:
ģȱģīسɹģ
longed to escape from their conventional, bourgeois lives.
ִв׼
Represented, as in a work of art, in simplified or abstract form.
ϮģƷУԼ򵥻ʽֳ
Law Based on consent or agreement; contractual.
ɡ ԼģһͬԼģͬ
Of, relating to, or resembling an assembly.
ģġ֮йصĻڻ
Using means other than nuclear weapons or energy:
ģʹúֶεģ
conventional warfare; conventional power plants.
սǺ˶վ
?
conventionalism
n.ʣ
conventionalist
n.ʣ
conventionally
adv.ʣ

= =
converge
con.verge
AHD:[kn-v?rj] 
D.J.[k*n6vT8d9]
K.K.[k*n6vPd9]
v.ʣ
con.verged,con.verg.ing,con.verg.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To tend toward or approach an intersecting point:
ۣ£ĳһ㣺
lines that converge.
ۼһ
To come together from different directions; meet:
ϣӲͬ۵һ𣻻ϣ
The avenues converge at a central square.
·㳡
To tend toward or achieve union or a common conclusion or result:
һ£ڻϡͬۻ߽
In time, our views and our efforts converged.
ǵĹ۵ŬҪһ
Mathematics To approach a limit.
ѧ ϣӽ޵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to converge.
ʹۼ
?
Late Latin convergere [to incline together] 
 convergere [ڻ] 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
Latin vergere [to incline] * see  wer- 2
 vergere [] *μ wer- 2

= =
conversation
con.ver.sa.tion
AHD:[k?nvr-s3shn] 
D.J.[7kKnv*6se!.*n]
K.K.[7k$nv+6se.*n]
n.ʣ
A spoken exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings; a talk.
̸˼롢۵ĻỰһν̸
An informal discussion of a matter by representatives of governments, institutions, or organizations.
ʽ̸֯Ĵĳһеķʽ
Computer Science A real-time interaction with a computer.
ѧ ԻỰһ̨ʵʱ໥
?
conversational
adj.ݴʣ
conversationally
adv.ʣ

= =
conversion
con.ver.sion
AHD:[kn-v?rzhn, -shn] 
D.J.[k*n6vT89*n, -.*n]
K.K.[k*n6vP9*n, -.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of converting.
ת䣺ʹתΪ
The state of being converted.
ת䣺ת״̬
A change in which one adopts a new religion, faith, or belief.
ĳһµڽ̡ת
Something that is changed from one use, function, or purpose to another.
װ;ܻĿķһıΪһ
Law 
ɡ 
The unlawful appropriation of another's property.
ȨΪ˲ƲķǷŲ
The changing of real property to personal property or vice versa.
ƲתӲתΪ߷֮
The exchange of one type of security or currency for another.
һһ֤ȯҶһΪһ
Logic The interchange of the subject and predicate of a proposition.
߼ѧ λһνĻ
Football A score made on a try for a point or points after a touchdown.
 ص÷֣ڴغٴηõһֻ򼸷
Psychiatry A defense mechanism in which repressed ideas, conflicts, or impulses are manifested by various bodily symptoms, such as paralysis or breathing difficulties, that have no 
physical cause.
ѧ תһַƣбѹȵ˼롢ͻ嶯û岡ĸ֢״̱ѣֳ
?
Middle English conversioun [religious conversion] 
йӢ conversioun [ڽϵ] 
from Old French conversion 
Դ ŷ conversion 
from Latin conversi?}  conversi?n- [a turning around] 
Դ  conversi?}  conversi?n- [ת] 
from conversus [past participle of] convertere [to turn around] * see  convert 
Դ conversus  [] convertereĹȥִ [ʹת] *μ convert
?
conversional  
conversionary
AHD:[-zh-nr?, -sh-] ݴʣ

= =
convert
con.vert
AHD:[kn-v?rt] 
D.J.[k*n6vT8t]
K.K.[k*n6vPt]
v.ʣ
con.vert.ed,con.vert.ing,con.verts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change (something) into another form, substance, state, or product; transform:
任ʹĳתһʽʡ״̬ʹת
convert water into ice.
ˮɱ
To change (something) from one use, function, or purpose to another; adapt to a new or different purpose:
ʹı䣺ĳһ;ܻĿתһ֣ʹӦµĻͬĿģ
convert a forest into farmland.
ɭֱɸ
To persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith, or belief:
ʹȰ˵յĳһضڽ̡
convert pagans to Christianity; was converted to pacifism by the war.
ʹͽ̣Ϊս
To exchange for something of equal value:
һɼֵȵĶ
convert assets into cash.
ʲתֽ
To exchange (a security, for example) by substituting an equivalent of another form.
һ֤ȯһһʽĵȼ
To express (a quantity) in alternative units:
㣺һۺϻһֵλ
converting feet into meters.
Ӣ߻ɹ
Logic To transform (a proposition) by conversion.
߼ѧ תͨλı䣨һ⣩
Law 
ɡ 
To appropriate (another's property) without right to one's own use.
ռûʹȨŲã˲Ʋ
To change (property) from real to personal or from joint to separate or vice versa.
ѣƲӲתΪӹеתɶĻ෴
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo a conversion:
ת䣺
We converted to Islam several years ago.
ڼǰ˹
To be converted:
ı䣺
a sofa that converts into a bed; arms factories converting to peacetime production.
ɸĻΪɳΪƽʱ
Football To make a conversion.
 ص÷ֺøӷ
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nv?rt] 
One who has been converted, especially from one religion or belief to another.
ߣȰ˵鸽ˣָһڽ̻һֵ
?
Middle English converten 
йӢ converten 
from Old French convertir 
Դ ŷ convertir 
from Latin convertere [to turn around] 
Դ  convertere [ʹת] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת䷽] *μ wer- 2
?
convert,metamorphose,transfigure,transform,transmogrify,transmute
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to change into a different form, substance, or state: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡתΪͬʽʻ״̬ 
convert stocks into cash;
Ʊһֽ
misery metamorphosing into happiness;
ʹתҸ
a bare stage that was transfigured into an enchanted forest;
һ̨һ˵ɭ֣
a gangling adolescent transformed into a handsome adult;
Ӣı׾ꣻ
a sleepy town transmogrified by the boom into a bustling city;
õѸٷչʹžСΪУ
impossible to transmute lead into gold. 
ܰǦΪ 

= =
convey
con.vey
AHD:[kn-v3] 
D.J.[k*n6ve!]
K.K.[k*n6ve]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.veyed,con.vey.ing,con.veys 
To take or carry from one place to another; transport.
ͣһطͻ͵һط
To serve as a medium of transmission for; transmit:
ΪĴͻ򴫲ý飻
wires that convey electricity.
Ľ
To communicate or make known; impart:
ʹ֪֪
a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension(Saki)
ϵҪͬ½⡱()
Law To transfer ownership of or title to.
ɡ ƲȨͷתø
Archaic To steal.
 ͵
?
Middle English conveien 
йӢ conveien 
from Old French conveier 
Դ ŷ conveier 
from Medieval Latin convi3e [to escort] 
Դ  convi3e [ͣ] 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
via [way] * see  wegh- 
via [·] *μ wegh- 
?
conveyable
adj.ݴʣ
?
convey,carry,bear,transport,transmit
These verbs are compared as they refer to the movement of someone or something from one place to another.
Щʣָ˻һطһط˶ʱ໥Ƚϡ
 Convey   often implies continuous, regular movement or flow: 
 Convey  гйɵ˶˼ 
Pipelines convey water.  The word also means to serve as a medium for the delivery or transmission of something: 
ܵˮ ʻʾΪĳﴫͻ򴫲ý飺 
The company has a fleet of trucks for conveying produce to the wholesale market.
˾һӿѲƷ˵г
If you'll leave a message,I'll convey it to him.
Ը¿ţһתġ
Carry   has broad applicationbut often means to support something while moving: 
Carry  ÷Χܹ㣬ʾ˶ʱ֧ĳ 
The train carries baggage, mail, and passengers.
ʼ˿͡
I carried my papers in an attach case.  The term can also refer to conveyance through a channel or medium: 
ùİЯҵļ ʻָͨĳýͣ 
Nerve cells carry and receive nervous impulses.
ϸݲ񾭳嶯
Bear   strongly suggests the effort of supporting a burden;often it implies the carrying of something important, such as valuable gifts: 
Bear  ǿҵŬ֧ζָĳЩҪƷƷȣ 
Four attendants bore the queen's palanquin.
ĸ̧Ľӡ
An envoy came bearing the sad news.
һλʹߴ˻Ϣ
Transport   is largely limited to the movement of persons or material objects, often over a considerable distance: 
Transport  Ҫ˻ĳǳ˶ 
Huge tankers are used to transport oil.
þʯ͡
The city uses buses to transport students to school.
ùѧȥѧУ
Transmit   refers to passing along, sending, or communicating something: 
Transmit  ָͻ򴫲ĳ 
Please transmit the stock certificates by special messenger.
ͨʼͶݽƱƱ֤
The cost of transmitting books by air is very high.
鼮ķúܸߡ
We transmitted the instructions by electronic mail.  The word also means to serve as a medium for the passage of something such as light, electricity, or sound: 
õʼָ ʻʾΪͨĳý飬⡢ȡ 
The motion is transmitted from particle to particle, to a great distance  (Thomas H. Huxley).
 ˶һӴһӣֱԶľ롱 ˹H裩

= =
convict
con.vict
AHD:[kn-v1kt] 
D.J.[k*n6v!kt]
K.K.[k*n6v!kt]
v.ʣ
con.vict.ed,con.vict.ing,con.victs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Law To find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime, especially by the verdict of a court:
ɡ ֻ֤ĳˣĳֹУָͥĲö
The jury convicted the defendant of manslaughter.
ж淸ɱ
To show or delcare to be blameworthy; condemn:
Ǵ𣺱ʾйǴ
His remarks convicted him of a lack of sensitivity.
Դʾȱ
To make aware of one's sinfulness or guilt.
ʹ֪ʹʶԼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To return a verdict of guilty in a court:
жڷͥʽ
We need jurors . . . who will not convict merely because they are suspicious(Scott Turow)
ҪΪɾжԱ(˹ءͼ)
n.ʣ
AHD:[k?nv1kt] ɡ 
A person found or declared guilty of an offense or crime.
ﷸֻĳֹе
A person serving a sentence of imprisonment.
е
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Found guilty; convicted.
ģģ
?
Middle English convicten 
йӢ convicten 
from Latin convincere  convict- * see  convince 
Դ  convincere  convict- *μ convince

= =
conviction
con.vic.tion
AHD:[kn-v1kshn] 
D.J.[k*n6v!k.*n]
K.K.[k*n6v!k.*n]
n.ʣ
Law 
ɡ 
The judgment of a jury or judge that a person is guilty of a crime as charged.
Ż򷨹ٶĳ˷бָ֮ео
The state of being found or proved guilty:
ֻ֤״̬
evidence that led to the suspect's conviction.
ʹɷԶ֤
The act or process of convincing.
˵ȷŵΪ
The state of being convinced.See Synonyms at certainty 
ȷţ˵״̬μ certainty
A fixed or strong belief.See Synonyms at opinion 
Ļᶨμ opinion
?
convictional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
convince
con.vince
AHD:[kn-v1ns] 
D.J.[k*n6v!ns]
K.K.[k*n6v!ns]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
con.vinced,con.vinc.ing,con.vinc.es 
To bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action.See Synonyms at persuade 
˵ͨбۻṩ֤ʹȷŻʹȡĳΪμ persuade
Obsolete To prove to be wrong or guilty.
 ֤й
Obsolete To conquer; overpower.
 սʤ
?
Latin convincere [to prove wrong] 
 convincere [֤д] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ǿ] *μ com-
vincere [to conquer] * see  weik- 3
vincere [] *μ weik- 3
?
convincement
n.ʣ
convincer
n.ʣ
convincible
adj.ݴʣ
?
According to a traditional rule,onepersuades  someone to act but convinces  someone of the truth of a statement or proposition:  
һϰ߹һpersuades ˵ĳĳ¶ convincesʹȷţ ĳһ仰һȷԣ  
By convincing me that no good could come of staying, he persuaded me to leave. 
ͨȷûкô˵뿪ˡ 
 If the distinction is accepted, thenconvince  should not be used with an infinitive:  
һ𱻽ܵĻôconvince ͲӦͲʽã  
He persuaded (not convinced ) me to go.  
˵ convinced ) 뿪  
In an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel held that this distinction should be maintained,but the use ofconvince  with an infinitive has become increasingly common even 
among reputable writers, and it is unlikely that this stricture can be maintained for much longer.
ڸһεУ÷רʹСԱĴΪһӦ֣֪convince Ͳʽõ÷Ҳѱսձ һƲܻᱣ
ֺܾ

= =
cook
cook
AHD:[k?k] 
D.J.[k&k]
K.K.[k&k]
v.ʣ
cooked,cook.ing,cooks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To prepare (food) for eating by applying heat.
ͨȼӹʳʹʳ
To prepare or treat by heating:
գͨȼӹ
slowly cooked the medicinal mixture.
ҩ
Slang To alter or falsify so as to make a more favorable impression; doctor:
ٵ α죺Ϊ˲ЧĻ۸ģ޸ģ
disreputable accountants who were paid to cook the firm's books.
۸Ĺ˾ʲǽʦ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To prepare food for eating by applying heat.
⿣ͨȼӹʳʹ֮ʳ
To undergo application of heat especially for the purpose of later ingestion.
ָΪԺʳöм
Slang To happen, develop, or take place:
ٵ չУ
What's cooking in town?
﷢ʲô?
Slang To proceed or perform very well:
ٵ лúܺã
The band really got cooking after midnight.
ҹԺ
n.ʣ
A person who prepares food for eating.
ӣӹʳʹ֮ʳõ
?
cook up ʽ
To fabricate; concoct:
߻죺
cook up an excuse.

?
cook (one's) gooseٵ
To ruin (one's) chances:
ƻĳ˵ģ
The speeding ticket cooked his goose with his father. Her goose was cooked when she was caught cheating on the test.
ټʻʹǶùױץסʱһɨ
?
Middle English coken 
йӢ coken 
from coke [cook] 
Դ coke [] 
from Old English c?c 
Դ Ӣ c?c 
from Vulgar Latin *c?s 
Դ  *c?s 
from Latin cocus, coquus 
Դ  cocus, coquus 
from coquere [to cook] * see  pek w- 
Դ coquere [] *μ pek w- 
?
Cook
Cook
AHD:[k?k] Frederick Albert (1865-1940) 
D.J.[k&k]
K.K.[k&k]
NONE޴ԣ
American physician and Arctic explorer who announced that he had reached the North Pole in 1908, a claim that was rejected by the scientific community.
ˣ׵ˡأ(1865-1940) ҽͱ̽ռң1908Ѵﵽδѧĳ
?
Cook
CookJames  Known as Captain Cook.(1728-1779)
NONE޴ԣ
British navigator and explorer who commanded three major voyages of discovery, charting and naming many islands of the Pacific Ocean. He also sailed along the coast of North 
America as far north as the Bering Strait.
ˣղķ˹(1728-1779) ӢҺ̽ռңִУΪ̫ƽൺͼر޺򱱺ֱϿ
?
Cook
CookMount
NONE޴ԣ
 or Also A.o.rang.i [??-r?ngg?] The highest mountain, 3,766.4 m (12,349 ft), of New Zealand, on South Island in the Southern Alps.
  Ҳ A.o.rang.i [??-r?ngg?] ɽߵɽ壬3,766.4ף12,349Ӣߣλϵϵϰ˹ɽ
A peak, 4,196.8 m (13,760 ft) high, in the St. Elias Mountains on the border between Alaska and Yukon Territory, Canada.
˷壺һɽ壬4,196.8(13,760Ӣߣλ˹ôյ紦ʥ˹ɽ

= =
cool
cool
AHD:[k?l] 
D.J.[ku8l]
K.K.[kul]
adj.ݴʣ
cool.er,cool.est 
Neither warm nor very cold; moderately cold:
ģȲůҲģʶģ
fresh, cool water; a cool autumn evening.
ˮµҹ
Giving or suggesting relief from heat:
ģĻˬеģ
a cool breeze; a cool blouse.
ˬ΢磻ˬŮ
Marked by calm self-control:
侲ģ侲ԿΪģ
a cool negotiator.
侲̸
Marked by indifference, disdain, or dislike; unfriendly or unresponsive:
䵭ģ̬ĮӻϲģѺõĻӦ䵭ģ
a cool greeting; was cool to the idea of higher taxes.
䵭ʺ򣻶˰յӦ䵭
Of, relating to, or characteristic of colors, such as blue and green, that produce the impression of coolness.
ɫģеɫģɫɫȣɫ
Slang Excellent; first-rate:
ٵ õģģһģ
has a cool sports car; had a cool time at the party.
ӵһܳúü
Slang Entire; full:
ٵ ģģ
worth a cool million.
Ҫһ
v.ʣ
cooled,cool.ing,cools 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make less warm.
ʹ
To make less ardent, intense, or zealous:
ʹᣨ٣顢Żģ
problems that soon cooled my enthusiasm for the project.
ЩʹҶƻʧȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become less warm:
ȴ
took a dip to cool off.
ˮȴһ
To become calmer:
侲
needed time for tempers to cool.
Ҫʱ侲
n.ʣ
A cool place, part, or time:
ˬĵطֻʱ
the cool of early morning.
ˬʱ
The state or quality of being cool.
죺죩״̬
Slang Composure; poise:
ٵ 򾲣򾲣ţ
Our release marked a victory. The nation had kept its cool(Moorhead Kennedy)
ǵͷű־ʤĵȶ(¶ڵ¡)
?
cool itٵ
To calm down; relax.
侲
cool (one's) heelsʽ
To wait or be kept waiting.
Żõ
?
Middle English cole 
йӢ cole 
from Old English c?l * see  gel- 
Դ Ӣ c?l *μ gel- 
?
coolish
adj.ݴʣ
coolly
adv.ʣ
coolness
n.ʣ
?
cool,composed,collected,unruffled,nonchalant,imperturbable,detached
These adjectives apply to persons, their attitudes, their behavior, or their actions to indicate absence of excitement or discomposure,especially in times of stress.
Щݴ˻ǵ̬ȡֹΪʾ侲Ż򲻻Ųæڽʱ̡
 Cool   usually implies merely a high degree of self-control,though it may also indicate aloofness: 
 Cool  ָֻͨһָ߶ȵҿƣȻҲԱʾĮȻ 
Keep strong, if possible.In any case, keep cool.Have unlimited patience  (B.H. Liddell Hart). 
 ܣǿ׳κ侲Ҫ޵ġ BH¶أ 
An honest hater is often a better fellow than a cool friend  (John Stuart Blackie).
 һ㵫ǳʵ˳һĮĵѸá Լ˹ͼء
 Composed   implies a serene, often sedate quality arising from self-discipline: 
 Composed  вԼһְģ򶨳ŵƷ֮⣺ 
The performer was composed as she readied herself for her entrance on stage.
λԱ׼ϳʱ侲
Collected   suggests self-possessed composure: 
Collected  ̩Ȼ֮⣺ 
The witness remained collected throughout the cross-examination.
֤ڵʹб
Unruffled   emphasizes calm despite circumstances that might elicit agitation: 
Unruffled  ǿܻ𼤶ʱԱ侲 
with contented mind and unruffled spirit  (Anthony Trollope).
 ƽ ᡤգ
 Nonchalant   describes a casual manner that may suggest, sometimes misleadingly, a lack of interest or concern: 
 Nonchalant  ָһֿܣʱԵأȱȤζĲڵ̬ȣ 
He doesn't seem excited;
ȥ˷ܣ
on the contrary, his demeanor is easy and nonchalant.
෴ľֹɶ޶ԡ
Imperturbable   stresses unshakable calmness considered usually as an inherent trait rather than as a product of self-discipline: 
Imperturbable  һֲɶҡĳ侲ͨΪԶԼĲ 
A man . . ./Cool, and quite English, imperturbable  (Byron).
 һǳӢʽˣĮ׼ ף
 Detached   implies aloofness resulting either from lack of active concern or from resistance to emotional involvement: 
 Detached  ĮȻ˼Ϊ̫ҲΪԸ 
She may be detached,she may even be unfeeling,but at least she's not hypocritically effusive. See also Synonyms at  cold 
Į飬ʵع μͬ cold

= =
cooperate
co.op.er.ate
AHD:[k?-?p-r3t] 
D.J.[k*&6Kp*7re!t]
K.K.[ko6$p*7ret]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
co.op.er.at.ed,co.op.er.at.ing,co.op.er.ates 
To work or act together toward a common end or purpose.
ΪͬĿĿĶͬ
To acquiesce willingly; be compliant:
˳ӣԸĬȻͬ⣻ӣ
asked the child to cooperate and go to bed.
úȥ˯
To form an association for common, usually economic, benefit:
ЭΪ˹ͬģͨǾϵģγɵЭ壺
When buyers cooperate, they can make large wholesale purchases at a discount.
ǿԴۿƷ
?
Late Latin cooper3o}  cooper3t- 
 cooper3o}  cooper3t- 
Latin co- [co-] 
 co- [ǰ׺] 
oper3o} [to work]  from opus  oper- [work] * see  op- 
oper3o} [¹]  Դ opus  oper- [] *μ op- 
?
cooperator
n.ʣ

= =
cooperative
co.op.er.a.tive
AHD:[k?-?pr--t1v, --r3t1v, -?pr-] 
D.J.[k*&6Kp*r*t!v, -*6re!t!v, -6Kpr*-]
K.K.[ko6$p*r*t!v, -*6ret!v, -6$pr*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Done in cooperation with others:
ģ˺ɵģ
a cooperative effort.
ЭͬŬ
Marked by willingness to cooperate; compliant:
ںģģӵģ
a cooperative patient.
ԸϵĲ
Of, relating to, or formed as an enterprise or organization jointly owned or managed by those who use its facilities or services:
ģʹʩĿ˹ͬӵлҵ֯ġ֮йصĻγɴ֯ģ
a cooperative department store; cooperative apartment buildings.
԰ٻ̳Ԣ¥
n.Abbr. coop.ʣд coop.
An enterprise or organization that is owned or managed jointly by those who use its facilities or services.
磨֯ʹʩĿ˹ͬӵлҵ֯
?
cooperatively
adv.ʣ
cooperativeness
n.ʣ

= =
coordinate
co.or.di.nate
AHD:[k?-?rdn-3t, -1t] 
D.J.[k*&6%8dn7e!t, -!t]
K.K.[ko6%rd27et, -!t]
n.ʣ
One that is equal in importance, rank, or degree.
ͬȵ˻Ҫԡȼ̶ͬ˻
coordinates A set of articles, as of clothing or luggage, designed to match or complement one other, as in style or color.
 coordinates ԵȣʽɫϣƳƻһ·
Mathematics Any of a set of two or more numbers used to determine the position of a point, line, curve, or plane in a space of a given dimension with respect to a system of lines or 
other fixed reference.
ѧ ꣺ֵɵеһֵһֱϵͳ̶ֵ㡢ֱߡ߻ƽ֪Χռڵλ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t, -3t] 
Of equal importance, rank, or degree:
ͬȵģҪԡȼ̶ͬģ
coordinate offices of a business.
ҵͬȵİ´
Of or involving coordination.
ЭĻ漰Э
Of or based on a system of coordinates.
꣺ϵĻϵ
v.ʣ
co.or.di.nat.ed,co.or.di.nat.ing,co.or.di.nates[-3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in the same order, class, or rank.
ͬһȼ
To harmonize in a common action or effort:
ڹͬжŬЭ
coordinating the moving parts of a machine; coordinate the colors of a design.
вͼɫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be coordinate:
ʹͬȣ
The generators coordinate so that one is always running.
Щͬһ͵Աڱ֤һ̨
To work together harmoniously:
һЭع
a nursing staff that coordinates smoothly.
ЭͬϵúܺõĻԱ
To form a pleasing combination; match:
γĿϣ䣺
shoes that coordinate with the rest of the outfit.
װЬ
?
co- 
co-
ordinate 
ordinate
?
coordinately
AHD:[-1t-l?] ʣ
coordinateness
AHD:[-1t-n1s] ʣ
coordinative
adj.ݴʣ
coordinator
n.ʣ

= =
cope
cope 1
AHD:[k?p] 
D.J.[k*&p]
K.K.[kop]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
coped,cop.ing,copes 
To contend or strive, especially on even terms or with success:
Ӧָܶȵػȡóɹأ
coping with child rearing and a full-time job.
һ渧һȫְ
To contend with difficulties and act to overcome them:
Կҿ˷ǣ
Facing unprecedented problems, the Federal Reserve of the early 1930s couldn't cope(Robert J. Samuelson)
2030Կǰûе⣬޼ƿʩ(޲J.Ѷɭ)
?
Middle English copen, coupen [to strike] 
йӢ copen, coupen [] 
from Old French couper 
Դ ŷ couper 
from Vulgar Latin *colp3e 
Դ  *colp3e 
from Late Latin colpus [blow] 
Դ  colpus [] 
from Latin colaphus 
Դ  colaphus 
from Greek kolaphos 
Դ ϣ kolaphos 
?
coper
n.ʣ
?
cope
cope 2
AHD:[k?p] 
D.J.[k*&p]
K.K.[kop]
n.ʣ
A long ecclesiastical vestment worn over an alb or surplice.
ۣһִʿĳۣڰ׳ۻ׷
A covering resembling a cloak or mantle.
״һƳۻڸ
A coping.
ǽñ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
coped,cop.ing,copes 
To cover or dress in a cope.
֣ϻ򸲸Ƕʽ
To provide with coping:
ǽѹ
cope a wall.
һǽϸǶ
?
Middle English cope 
йӢ cope 
from Old English -c3p 
Դ Ӣ -c3p 
from Medieval Latin c3a [cloak] 
Դ  c3a [] 
from Late Latin cappa 
Դ  cappa 

= =
copper
copper 1
AHD:[k?pr] 
D.J.[6kKp*]
K.K.[6k$p+]
n.ʣ
Symbol Cu A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-
resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29; atomic weight 63.54; melting point 1,083=C; boiling point 2,595=C; specific gravity 8.96; valence 1, 
2.See table at element 
 Cu ͭһԡչĺɫԪأȺ͵ļõ壬㷺ڵߡˮܼʴУʽǴͭҲǻͭͭϽԭΪ29ԭ
Ϊ63.54۵1,083=Cе2,595=C8.96ԭӼΪ1,2μ element
A coin, usually of small denomination, made of copper or a copper alloy.
ͭңͭͭĺϽƳɵӲңͨΪСֵ
Chiefly British A large cooking pot made of copper or often of iron.
Ӣ ͭɵĴ
Any of various small butterflies of the subfamily Lycaeninae, having predominantly copper-colored wings.
ͭɫСҵһֻҵǿƵСҪΪͭɫ
Color A reddish brown.
ɫʡ ͭɫƫĺɫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cop.pered,cop.per.ing,cop.pers 
To coat or finish with a layer of copper.
ͭڣͭͭ
Slang To bet against, as in faro.
ٵ ¶עڣԡ¶עڷ
?
Middle English coper 
йӢ coper 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin cuprum 
Դ  cuprum 
from Latin Cyprium (aes) [Cyprian (metal)] 
Դ  Cyprium (aes) [·˹ģ] 
from Cyprius [of Cyprus] 
Դ Cyprius [·˹] 
from Greek Kuprios 
Դ ϣ Kuprios 
from Kupros [Cyprus] 
Դ Kupros [·˹] 
?
coppery
adj.ݴʣ
?
copper
copper 2
AHD:[k?pr] 
D.J.[6kKp*]
K.K.[6k$p+]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
A police officer.

?
From cop 1
Դ cop1

= =
copy
cop.y
AHD:[k?p?] 
D.J.[6kKpi8]
K.K.[6k$pi]
n.ʣ
 cop.ies 
An imitation or reproduction of an original; a duplicate:
Ʒԭķ򷭰棻ġ
a copy of a painting; made two copies of the letter.
ƻżĸ
One specimen or example of a printed text or picture:
ֻͼӡˢƷ򷶱
an autographed copy of a novel.
С˵ָ
Abbr. c.,C.Material, such as a manuscript, that is to be set in type.
д c.,C.ҪŵĲϣָ
The words to be printed or spoken in an advertisement.
˵еӡˢ˵˵
Suitable source material for journalism:
ģʺűģ
Celebrities make good copy.
˵żֵܸ
v.ʣ
cop.ied,cop.y.ing,cop.ies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a reproduction or copy of.
д
To follow as a model or pattern; imitate.See Synonyms at imitate 
ģ£졭ʽͼģ²μ imitate
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a copy or copies.
дд
To admit of being copied:
Ƶģ
colored ink that does not copy well.
дЧõĲɫī
?
Middle English copie 
йӢ copie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin c?a [transcript] 
Դ  c?a [ָ] 
from Latin [profusion] * see  op- 
Դ  [ḻ] *μ op- 
?
copyable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cord
cord
AHD:[k?rd] 
D.J.[k%8d]
K.K.[k%rd]
n.ʣ
A slender length of flexible material usually made of twisted strands or fibers and used to bind, tie, connect, or support.
ͨɵ߻άƳɵһϸĲϣϵ֧
An insulated, flexible electric wire fitted with a plug or plugs.
һ־ԵĿƶߣһͷ
A hangman's rope.
õ
An influence, feeling, or force that binds or restrains; a bond or tie.
ԼһԼƵӰ졢Լ
Also chord also [k?rd] Anatomy A long ropelike structure, such as a nerve or tendon:
 Ҳ chord Ҳ [k?rd] ѧ ģӵĽʽṹ񾭻죺
a spinal cord.

A raised rib on the surface of cloth.
޵
A fabric or cloth with such ribs.
о಼֯ƥ
cords Trousers made of corduroy.
 cords о޿㣺оĿ
Abbr. cd.A unit of quantity for cut fuel wood, equal to a stack measuring 4  4  8 feet or 128 cubic feet (3.62 cubic meters).
д cd.ãľĶѵλ448Ӣ߻128Ӣߣ3.62ףĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cord.ed,cord.ing,cords 
To fasten or bind with a cord.
ӹ̶
To furnish with a cord.
װ
To pile (wood) in cords.
ѻľģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French corde 
Դ ŷ corde 
from Latin chorda 
Դ  chorda 
from Greek khord?} * see  gher- 
Դ ϣ khord?} *μ gher- 
?
corder
n.ʣ

= =
cordial
cor.dial
AHD:[k?rjl] 
D.J.[6k%8d9*l]
K.K.[6k%rd9*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Warm and sincere; friendly:
ϵģѺõģ
a cordial greeting; cordial relations.See Synonyms at gracious 
ʺѺùϵμ gracious
Strongly felt; fervent:
ǿҵģ̸оģҵģǿҵģ
a cordial abhorrence of waste.
˷ѵʹ
Serving to invigorate; stimulating.
ʹ˷ܵģʹ˾ģʹ˷ܵ
n.ʣ
A stimulant; a tonic.
˷ܼǿ׳
A liqueur.

?
Middle English [of the heart] 
йӢ [ĵģ] 
from Medieval Latin cordi3s 
Դ  cordi3s 
from Latin cor  cord- [heart] * see  kerd- 
Դ  cor  cord- [ģ] *μ kerd- 
?
cordiality
AHD:[-j2l1-t?, -j?-2l-, -d?-2l-]   cordial.ness ʣ
cordially
adv.ʣ

= =
core
core
AHD:[k?r, k?r] 
D.J.[k%8, k*&r]
K.K.[k%r, kor]
n.ʣ
The hard or fibrous central part of certain fruits, such as the apple or pear, containing the seeds.
ˣĳЩˮƻ棩Ӳά֣
The central or innermost part:
ģģĲ֣
the hard elastic core of a baseball; a rod with a hollow core.
ĵӲģĵ
The basic or most important part; the essence:
ģҪĲ֣ģ
a small core of dedicated supporters; the core of the problem.See Synonyms at substance 
ȫӵߵСģĹؼμ substance
A set of subjects or courses that make up a required portion of a curriculum.
ΣһϵĳһڸҪĲֵĿĿγ
Electricity A soft iron rod in a coil or transformer that provides a path for and intensifies the magnetic field produced by the windings.
ѧ ģȦڻѹеṩ·ͼǿȦתĴų
Computer Science A memory, especially one consisting of a series of tiny doughnut-shaped masses of magnetic material.Also called  core memory 
ѧ Ĵ洢ָһϵСȦεĴԲɵĴ洢Ҳ  core memory
One of the magnetic doughnut-shaped masses that make up such a memory.Also called  magnetic core 
ģִ洢ĵȦδԲеһҲ  magnetic core
The central portion of Earth below the mantle, beginning at a depth of about 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles) and probably consisting of iron and nickel. It is made up of a liquid outer core 
and a solid inner core.
غˣĲ֣£ʼΪ2,9001,800ӢĵطźһҺ˺һں
A mass of dry sand placed within a mold to provide openings or shape to a casting.
оģΪṩں״ĸɳ
The part of a nuclear reactor where fission occurs.
ģ˷Ӧзѱĵط
A cylindrical mass drilled vertically into the earth and removed from it to determine composition or presence of oil or gas.
ģԲʣڴֱȻȡԲⶨʯͻȻɻ
The base, usually of soft or inferior wood, to which veneer woods are glued.
İ壺ͨʵľİճϽľƬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cored,cor.ing,cores 
To remove the core of:
ȡоӣ
core apples.
ȥƻĹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
CORE
CORE
abbr.
Congress of Racial Equality.
ƽЭ

= =
corn
corn 1
AHD:[k?rn] 
D.J.[k%8n]
K.K.[k%rn]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous cultivated forms of a widely grown, usually tall annual cereal grass(Zea mays)  bearing grains or kernels on large ears. 
㷺ģͨߴһĶֺ̹һ֣  ڴϳй 
The grains or kernels of this plant, used as food for human beings and livestock or for the extraction of an edible oil or starch.
ֲĿʳƷҲȡʳͻ
An ear of this plant.Also called  Indian corn ,maize 
룬ףֲҲ  Indian corn,maize
Chiefly British Any of various cereal plants or grains, especially the principal crop cultivated in a particular region, such as wheat in England or oats in Scotland.
Ӣ ֺࣺ̹еһָ֣ĳضҪӢСո
A single grain of a cereal plant.
̹һ
A seed or fruit of various other plants, such as a peppercorn.
ɺӻʵ
Corn snow.
ѩ
Informal Corn whiskey.
ʽ ʿɾ
Slang Something considered trite, dated, melodramatic, or unduly sentimental.
ٵ ´ĵĳЩΪǳ¸ġʱġ־Ļ˸еĶ
v.ʣ
corned,corn.ing,corns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to form hard particles; granulate.
ʹʹγӲ΢ʹ
To season and preserve with granulated salt.
ʳƷԱζ򱣴
To preserve (beef, for example) in brine.
磺ˮб棬ţ
To feed (animals) with corn or grain.
ù
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form hard particles; become grainy:
γӲ΢ɿ
After the snow melts all day, it corns up at night for fine conditions(Hatfield MA Valley Advocate)
ѩڰڻҹ(طƶMAȱ绤ʦ)
?
Middle English [grain] 
йӢ [] 
from Old English * see  g-no- 
Դ Ӣ *μ g-no- 
?
corn
corn 2
AHD:[k?rn] 
D.J.[k%8n]
K.K.[k%rn]
n.ʣ
A horny thickening of the skin, usually on or near a toe, resulting from pressure or friction.Also called  clavus 
ۣգѹĦƤӲʣֺͨͷϻ򸽽Ҳ  clavus
?
Middle English corne 
йӢ corne 
from Old French [horn] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin corn?} * see  ker- 1
Դ  corn?} *μ ker- 1

= =
corner
cor.ner
AHD:[k?rnr] 
D.J.[6k%8n*]
K.K.[6k%rn+]
n.Abbr. cor.ʣд cor.
The position at which two lines, surfaces, or edges meet and form an angle:
ǣߡ߻۲γһǶȵĵط
the four corners of a rectangle.
εĸ
The area enclosed or bounded by an angle formed in this manner:
䣺ַʽγɵĽǶΧƵĵط
sat by myself in the corner; the corner of one's eye.
Ҷڽ۽
The place where two roads or streets join or intersect.
ֽǣ·صĵط
Sports Any of the four angles of a boxing or wrestling ring where the ropes are joined.
˶ ߽ǣȭˤĸ֮һ
Baseball Either side of home plate, toward or away from the batter.
 ߽ǣԶı֮һ
A threatening or embarrassing position from which escape is difficult:
ΣյĻεĲѵľأ
got myself into a corner by boasting.
ţʹεľ
A remote, secluded, or secret place:
δƫƧġңԶĻܵĵط
the four corners of the earth; a beautiful little corner of Paris.
أһ
A part or piece made to fit on a corner, as in mounting or for protection.
䴦ʹʺϽһֻһ飬ڰװ򱣻
A speculative monopoly of a stock or commodity created by purchasing all or most of the available supply in order to raise its price.
¢ϣͨеĻ󲿷ֵĿɻõĹӦƷ۸񣬶ԹƱƷһͶĿ
Exclusive possession; monopoly:
רȨռУרȨ
Neither party . . . has a corner on all the good ideas(George B. Merry)
ûһܶռеĺô(B.÷)
v.ʣ
cor.nered,cor.ner.ing,cor.ners 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with corners.
ýǲ
To place or drive into a corner:
ڽ䣬䣺
cornered the thieves and captured them.
䲢ס
To form a corner in (a stock or commodity):
¢ϣڹƱƷУγ¢ϣ
cornered the silver market.
¢Ʒг
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together or be situated on or at a corner.
ڽ䣬λڽ
To turn, as at a corner:
ת䣺ڽֽת䣺
a truck that corners poorly.
תǶȲõĿ
adj.ݴʣ
Located at a street corner:
λڽֽǵģ
a corner drugstore.
ֽӻ
Designed for use in a corner:
ΪڽöƵģ
a corner table.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old French corne [corner, horn] 
Դ ŷ corne [䣬] 
from Vulgar Latin *corna 
Դ  *corna 
from Latin cornua [pl. of] corn? [horn, point] * see  ker- 1
Դ  cornua  [] corn?ĸ [ǣ] *μ ker- 1

= =
corporate
cor.po.rate
AHD:[k?rpr-1t, k?rpr1t] 
D.J.[6k%8p*r!t, 6k%8pr!t]
K.K.[6k%rp*r!t, 6k%rpr!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Formed into a corporation; incorporated.
һģȫģģһ
Of or relating to a corporation:
˵ģŵģ˵Ļŵģйصģ
corporate assets; corporate culture.
ʲĻ
United or combined into one body; collective:
ģŽΪһģģ
made a corporate effort to finish the job.
ͨĹͬŬ
Corporative.
˵ģ
?
Latin corpor3s [past participle of] corpor3re [to make into a body] 
 corpor3s  [] corpor3reĹȥִ [ʹΪһ] 
from corpus [body] * see  k wrep- 
Դ corpus [] *μ k wrep- 
?
corporately
adv.ʣ

= =
corporation
cor.po.ra.tion
AHD:[k?rp-r3shn] 
D.J.[7k%8p*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7k%rp*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. corp.ʣд corp.
A body that is granted a charter legally recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members.
ˣڷϳϵһķʵ壬ӵвͬԱԼȨȨ
Such a body created for purposes of government.Also called  body corporate 
ˣԭʵҲ  body corporate
A group of people combined into or acting as one body.
壺ΪһΪһһжһȺ

= =
corps
corps
AHD:[k?r, k?r] 
D.J.[k%8, k*&r]
K.K.[k%r, kor]
n.ʣ
 corps[k?rz, k?rz]  
Abbr. c.,C.
д c.,C.
A separate branch or department of the armed forces having a specialized function.
֣о⹦ܵһķ֧
A tactical unit of ground combat forces between a division and an army commanded by a lieutenant general and composed of two or more divisions and auxiliary service troops.
ţʦξ֮½սӼλͨϵʦ
A body of persons acting together or associated under common direction:
壺ͬжָͬµһˣ
the press corps.See Synonyms at band 2
Ӳμ band2
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin corpus [body] * see  k wrep- 
Դ  corpus [] *μ k wrep- 

= =
correct
cor.rect
AHD:[k-rkt] 
D.J.[k*6rekt]
K.K.[k*6rWkt]
v.ʣ
cor.rect.ed,cor.rect.ing,cor.rects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the errors or mistakes from.
޸ģȥȱ
To indicate or mark the errors in.
Уʾ
To punish for the purpose of improving or reforming.
𷣣Ϊ߻ĸĿĶ
To remove, remedy, or counteract (a malfunction, for example).
ĵֲϣ
To adjust so as to meet a required standard or condition:
ԴﵽҪı׼
correct the wheel alignment on a car.
ϵ̥׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make corrections.
޸
To make adjustments; compensate:
ֲ
correcting for the effects of air resistance.
ֲӰ
adj.ݴʣ
Free from error or fault; true or accurate.
ȷģģ޴ģ޹ʧģģȷе
Conforming to standards; proper:
ϱ׼ģʵģ
correct behavior.
Ϊ
?
Middle English correcten 
йӢ correcten 
from Latin corrigere  corr?ct- [to correct] 
Դ  corrigere  corr?ct- [] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺] *μ com-
regere [to rule] * see  reg- 
regere [ͳ] *μ reg- 
?
correctable  
correctible
adj.ݴʣ
correctly
adv.ʣ
correctness
n.ʣ
corrector
n.ʣ
?
correct,rectify,remedy,redress,reform,revise,amend
These verbs mean to make right what is wrong.
Щʵ˼ǡʹıȷġ
 Correct   refers to eliminating faults, errors, or defects: 
 Correct  ָʧȱ㣺 
correct spelling mistakes;
ƴд
correct a misapprehension.
⡣
Rectify   stresses the idea of bringing something into conformity with a standard of what is right: 
Rectify  ǿĳﵽȷı׼һµĹ룺 
The omission of your name from the list will be rectified.
ֵ©ᱻ
I hope I can find a way to rectify your opinion of my behavior.
ϣ跨ʹıΪĿ
Remedy   involves removing or counteracting something considered a cause of harm or damage: 
Remedy  ȥĳֱΪԵ˺ƻĶ 
Nothing has been done to remedy the lack.
ûвȡκδʩֲȱ
He took courses to remedy his abysmal ignorance.
ѧγֲ֪
Redress   refers to setting right something considered immoral or unethical and usually involves making reparation: 
Redress  ָʹΪ»±ȷͨһЩȣ 
The wrong is too great to be redressed.
ش޷ȡ
Reform   implies broad change that alters form or character for the better: 
Reform  ζŸ״صĹ㷺仯 
Let us reform our schools, and we shall find little reform needed in our prisons  (John Ruskin). 
 ѧУɣͲҪˡ Լ˹𣩡 
Nothing so needs reforming as other people's habits  (Mark Twain).
 ûб˵ϰ߸ҪƵĶˡ ˡ£
 Revise   suggests change that results from reconsideration: 
 Revise  ʾһԴ¿ǵı仯 
revise a manuscript;
޸ĵ׸壻
revising the tax laws;
޸˰
revise our judgment of the situation.
Ƕεжϡ
Amend   implies improvement through alteration or correction: 
Amend  ָͨ仯ĸƣ 
Whenever [the people] shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it
  (Abraham Lincoln).See also Synonyms at  punish 
 ʲôʱ ִˣ ǶʹǸܷȨ߷ϳ߸ĸȨ ǲֿϣμͬ punish

= =
correction
cor.rec.tion
AHD:[k-rkshn] 
D.J.[k*6rek.*n]
K.K.[k*6rWk.*n]
n.Abbr. cor.,corr.ʣд cor.,corr.
The act or process of correcting.
ж
Something offered or substituted for a mistake or fault:
ΪʧṩĻʧĶ
made corrections in the report.
ڱ޸
Punishment intended to rehabilitate or improve.
Ϊԭ߶еĳͷ
corrections The treatment of offenders through a system of penal incarceration, rehabilitation, probation, and parole, or the administrative system by which these are effectuated.
 corrections ﷸͨգԼͻƶЩЧʽ
An amount or quantity added or subtracted in order to correct.
Ϊ
A decline in stock-market activity or prices following a period of increases.
䣺ڹƱе½򾭹һʱڵֵ
?
correctional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
correlate
cor.re.late
AHD:[k?r-l3t, k?r-] 
D.J.[6k%8r*7le!t, 6kKr-]
K.K.[6k%r*7let, 6k$r-]
v.ʣ
cor.re.lat.ed,cor.re.lat.ing,cor.re.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation.
໥ϵʹΪ໥䡢ƽл򻥻ݵĹϵ
To establish or demonstrate as having a correlation:
ģ໥Ĺϵ
correlated drug abuse and crime.
뷸Ĺϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be related by a correlation.
ϵͨ໥ϵ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-l1t, -l3t] 
Related by a correlation, especially having corresponding characteristics.
Ӧص㣺໥ϵģָӦص
n.ʣ
AHD:[-l1t, -l3t] 
Either of two correlate entities; a correlative.
һӦķһط
?
Back-formation from correlation 
Դ correlation湹

= =
correspond
cor.re.spond
AHD:[k?r1-sp?nd, k?r-] 
D.J.[7k%8r!6spKnd, 7kKr-]
K.K.[7k%r!6sp$nd, 7k$r-]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
cor.re.spond.ed,cor.re.spond.ing,cor.re.sponds 
To be in agreement, harmony, or conformity.
һ£һ¡г
To be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function:
ƣ൱ص㡢ءṹƻȣ
Englishnavel  corresponds to Greek omphalos.  See Synonyms at agree 
Ӣеnavel ϣ omphalos  μ agree
To communicate by letter, usually over a period of time.
ͨżͨһʱ
?
French correspondre 
 correspondre 
from Medieval Latin correspond?e 
Դ  correspond?e 
Latin com- [com-] 
 com- [ͬ] 
respond?e [to respond] * see  respond 
respond?e [ӦӦ] *μ respond

= =
correspondence
cor.re.spon.dence
AHD:[k?r1-sp?ndns, k?r-] 
D.J.[7k%8r!6spKnd*ns, 7kKr-]
K.K.[7k%r!6sp$nd*ns, 7k$r-]
n.Abbr. cor.,corr.ʣд cor.,corr.
The act, fact, or state of agreeing or conforming.
ггһµΪʵ״̬
Similarity or analogy.
ƣ
Communication by the exchange of letters.
ͨϵͨŵĽеĽ
The letters written or received.
żдĻյż
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or dealing with correspondence:
ͨŵģżģͨŵģżйصĻżģ
a correspondence secretary.
ż
Of, relating to, or constituting instruction by mail:
ڣͨѧģɺڽѧģ
correspondence courses in French and mathematics.
ѧڽ̳

= =
correspondent
cor.re.spon.dent
AHD:[k?r1-sp?ndnt, k?r-] 
D.J.[7k%8r!6spKnd*nt, 7kKr-]
K.K.[7k%r!6sp$nd*nt, 7k$r-]
n.Abbr. cor.,corr.ʣд cor.,corr.
One who communicates by means of letters.
ͨߣͨż˽
One employed by the print or broadcast media to supply news stories or articles:
ߣ㲥ýӶṩŹ»µˣ
a foreign correspondent.
ⱨ
One that has regular business dealings with another, especially at a distance.
ϵˣһжϵˣָԶϵ
Something that corresponds; a correlative.
໥ߣط
adj.ݴʣ
Corresponding.
йصġӦ
?
correspondently
adv.ʣ

= =
corresponding
cor.re.spond.ing
AHD:[k?r1-sp?nd1ng, k?r-] 
D.J.[7k%8r!6spKnd!0, 7kKr-]
K.K.[7k%r!6sp$nd!0, 7k$r-]
adj.Abbr. cor.ݴʣд cor.
Having the same or nearly the same relationship.
ͬϵͬ򼸺ͬĹϵ
Accompanying another:
һģ
a high corporate position and its corresponding problems.
߶ε״
Having been assigned the responsibility of written communications:
ͨѶͨϵģ
a corresponding secretary.
ͨŵ
Participating at a distance from the rest of a group:
ԱʱԶȺ
a corresponding member of the bar association.
ưЭͨѶԱ
?
correspondingly
adv.ʣ

= =
corridor
cor.ri.dor
AHD:[k?r1-dr, -d?r, k?r-] 
D.J.[6k%8r!d*, -7d%8, 6kKr-]
K.K.[6k%r!d+, -7d%r, 6k$r-]
n.ʣ
A narrow hallway, passageway, or gallery, often with rooms or apartments opening onto it.
ȣȣһխͨȣͨͨ򷿼׼
A tract of land forming a passageway, such as one that allows an inland country access to the sea through another country.
شͨһأһ½Ҵһҵﺣش
A restricted tract of land for the passage of trains.
·ߣ·޵
Restricted airspace for the passage of aircraft.
ܵɻͨ޿ռ
The restricted path followed by a spacecraft on a particular mission.
ɴִͨĳһɴͨƵĵ·
A thickly populated strip of land connecting two or more urban areas:
ͨе˿ڼе״أ
the Boston-Washington corridor.
ʿ٣ʢͨ
?
corridors of power
A place in which powerful leaders work and rule.
ͳεȨ쵼ǹͳεĵط
?
French 
 
from Italian corridore 
Դ  corridore 
from correre [to run] 
Դ correre [] 
from Latin currere * see  kers- 
Դ  currere *μ kers- 

= =
corrode
cor.rode
AHD:[k-r?d] 
D.J.[k*6r*&d]
K.K.[k*6rod]
v.ʣ
cor.rod.ed,cor.rod.ing,cor.rodes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To destroy a metal or alloy gradually, especially by oxidation or chemical action:
ʴƻϽָͨѧ仯ʴ
acid corroding metal.
ḯʴĽ
To impair steadily; deteriorate:
ȶ仵
Doubt and mistrust could creep into our lives, corroding personal and professional relationships(Philip Taubman)
ɺͲλǵƻ˽˵Ļְҵϵ(աղ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be eaten or worn away.
ʴ
?
Middle English corroden 
йӢ corroden 
from Latin corr?e [to gnaw away] 
Դ  corr?e [ҧ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [еǰ׺] *μ com-
r?e [to gnaw] * see  r?d- 
r?e [ҧ] *μ r?d- 
?
corrodible  
corrosible
AHD:[-r?s-bl] ݴʣ

= =
corrupt
cor.rupt
AHD:[k-r?pt] 
D.J.[k*6rJpt]
K.K.[k*6rJpt]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved.
̰۵ģģԲ»Ϊģ
Venal; dishonest:
ܻߵģʵģ
a corrupt mayor.
ܻߵг
Containing errors or alterations, as a text:
ģд仯ģУ
a corrupt translation.
ٳ
Archaic Tainted; putrid.
 ۵ģ
v.ʣ
cor.rupt.ed,cor.rupt.ing,cor.rupts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To destroy or subvert the honesty or integrity of.
ʹ䣬仵ƻ𡭵ĳʵֱ
To ruin morally; pervert.
ڵϻʹ
To taint; contaminate.
ʹȱ㣻
To cause to become rotten; spoil.
ʹ丯軵
To change the original form of (a text, for example).
ʹ󣺸ıʽ£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become corrupt.
丯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin corruptus [past participle of] corrumpere [to destroy] 
Դ  corruptus  [] corrumpereĹȥִ [ƻ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ʾͬǰ׺] *μ com-
rumpere [to break] * see  reup- 
rumpere [ƻ] *μ reup- 
?
corrupter  
corruptor
n.ʣ
corruptive
adj.ݴʣ
corruptly
adv.ʣ
corruptness
n.ʣ
?
corrupt,debase,debauch,deprave,pervert,vitiate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to ruin utterly in character or quality: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡػٻ 
was corrupted by limitless power;
޵ٻ
debased himself by pleading with the captors;
ͨ߶ʹԼߣ
a youth debauched by drugs and drink;
Ƶˣ
indulgence that depraves the moral fiber;
ܻҪصķݣ
perverted her talent by putting it to evil purposes;
Ϊ츳
a proof vitiated by a serious omission. 
ְضƻ֤ 

= =
cosmic
cos.mic
AHD:[k?zm1k]  Ҳ cos.mi.cal [-m1-kl] 
D.J.[6kKzm!k] Ҳ cos.mi.cal [-m!k*l]
K.K.[6k$zm!k] Ҳ cos.mi.cal [-m!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the universe, especially as distinct from Earth.
ģģйصģڵ
Infinitely or inconceivably extended; vast:
޵ػδ֪ģģ
a coming together of heads of government to take up the cosmic business of nations(Meg Greenfield)
ԼԴĸ(÷񡤸ַƶ)
?
Greek kosmikos 
ϣ kosmikos 
from kosmos [universe] 
Դ kosmos [] 
?
cosmically
adv.ʣ

= =
cost
cost
AHD:[k?st] 
D.J.[k%8st]
K.K.[k%st]
n.ʣ
An amount paid or required in payment for a purchase; a price.
ãΪĻҪ۸
The expenditure of something, such as time or labor, necessary for the attainment of a goal.See Synonyms at price 
ɱĳĻѣʱͶΪﵽĳһĿĶĲμ price
costs Law The charges fixed for litigation, often payable by the losing party.
 costs ɡ ϷѣͨʧܸĹ̶Ϸ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
cost consciousness; cost overruns.
ɱʶɱ
v.ʣ
cost,cost.ing,costs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To require a specified payment, expenditure, effort, or loss:
ҪѣҪضķá֧Ŭʧ
It costs more to live in the city.
ڳоסҪණ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have as a price.
ǮΪΪ۸
To cause to lose, suffer, or sacrifice:
ʧȥܿ
Participating in the strike cost me my job.
μӰչʹʧȥ
past tense and past participle costed To estimate or determine the cost of:
ȥʽ͹ȥִ costed ۣƻ۸
The accountants costed out our expenses.
˶ǵĻѽ˹
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from coster [to cost] 
Դ coster [] 
from Latin c?3re} [to be fixed, cost] * see  constant 
Դ  c?3re} [̶] *μ constant
?
costless
adj.ݴʣ
costlessness
n.ʣ

= =
costly
cost.ly
AHD:[k?stl?] 
D.J.[6k%8stli8]
K.K.[6k%stli]
adj.ݴʣ
cost.li.er,cost.li.est 
Of high price or value; expensive:
۸ߵģֵߵģģ
costly jewelry.
鱦
Entailing loss or sacrifice:
ʧصģܴģ
a costly war.
ʧصս
?
costliness
n.ʣ
?
costly,expensive,dear,valuable,precious,invaluable,priceless
These adjectives apply to what brings a high price or is of great value.Costly, expensive,  and dear  refer principally to the cost entailed in acquiring something, costly  especially 
implying high quality or rarity of the purchase:  
Щݴʶָи߼ۻֵߵġCostlyexpensive  dear Ҫָĳ漰ķã costly ָƷϳ˲ϡУ  
a costly Chinese porcelain jar;
йɹޣ
expensive silk underwear.
ص˿¡
Pictures ought not to be too dear  (John Ruskin).The terms also apply figuratively to what occasions loss or sacrifice: 
ͼӦ̫ Լ˹𣩡ЩҲԵָɥʧĶ 
Morality is a private and costly luxury  (Henry Adams). 
 ˽еҰݳƷ ǵ˹ 
Avoid shame, but do not seek glory,nothing so expensive as glory  (Sydney Smith). 
 裬Ҫ׷ߡ ᡤʷ˹ 
Wisdom is never dear, provided the article be genuine  (Horace Greeley).
 ֻҪʵǻ۲ѵá ˹
 Valuable   describes what has a high market value ( 
 Valuable  ָиߵгֵ( 
a valuable painting), but it also applies to immaterial qualities such as benefit, importance, or utility: 
ֵǵĻ) Ҳָʵ桢ҪԻ; 
The shrewd guess,the fertile hypothesis,the courageous leap to a tentative conclusionthese are the most valuable coin of the thinker at work  (Jerome Bruner).
 Ĳ룬ḻļ裬Խ¸ҵĿԽЩǹе˼õĶ ¡³ŵ
 Precious   implies uniqueness and irreplaceability: 
 Precious  ָһԺ޿ԣ 
Gold is a precious metal.

Freedom is a precious heritage.
ǱŲ
Invaluable   andpriceless  describe what is of inestimable worth:  
Invaluable  priceless вɹֵĶ  
A free government . . . is an invaluable blessing  (Alban Butler). 
 ɵ޼۵Ĵ͸ գ 
Although human life is priceless,we always act as if something had an even greater price than life. . . . But what is that something?  (Antoine de Saint-Exupry).
 ˵ģʱȴʲôҪôʲôأ ᡤ¡ʥ

= =
costume
cos.tume
AHD:[k?st?m, -ty?m] 
D.J.[6kKs7tu8m, -7tju8m]
K.K.[6k$s7tum, -7tjum]
n.ʣ
A prevalent fashion of dress, including garments, accessories, and hairstyle.
ΣһеĴʽ·װκͷ
A style of dress characteristic of a particular country, period, or people, often worn in a play or at a masquerade.
װĳһҡʱڻڵصʽͨϷױϴ
An outfit or a disguise worn on Mardi Gras, Halloween, or similar occasions:
շװڿ񻶽ڡʥڻƳϻƵĳ·αװ
Dressed up as a gigantic chicken, she won the prize for the best costume.
ױһ޴ļ˻ѷװ
A set of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season.
װʺĳһضϻ򼾽ڴһ·
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a costume ball; a costume play.
ױ᣻װ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cos.tumed,cos.tum.ing,cos.tumes[k?-st?m, -sty?m, k?st?m, -ty?m]  
To put a costume on; dress.
Ϸװ
To design or furnish costumes for.
Ϊƻ䱸װ
?
French 
 
from Italian [style, dress] 
Դ  [ʽװ] 
from Latin c??t?d?} [custom] * see  custom 
Դ  c??t?d?} [ϰߣͳ] *μ custom

= =
cottage
cot.tage
AHD:[k?t1j] 
D.J.[6kKt!d9]
K.K.[6k$t!d9]
n.ʣ
A small, single-storied house, especially in the country.
һСģķӣָ
A small summer house.
һСסķ
?
Middle English cotage 
йӢ cotage 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Medieval Latin cot3m 
Դ  cot3m 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 

= =
cotton
cot.ton
AHD:[k?tn] 
D.J.[6kKtn]
K.K.[6k$t2]
n.ʣ
Any of various shrubby plants of the genusGossypium,  having showy flowers and grown for the soft, white, downy fibers surrounding oil-rich seeds. 
޻ޣľޣ ĹľֲѤֲΪջ主͵Χɫ״ά 
The fiber of any of these plants, used in making textiles and other products.
޻ֲά֯ƷƷ
Thread or cloth manufactured from the fiber of these plants.
ߣ޲ֲά߻
The crop of these plants.
޻ֲĲƷ
Any of various soft, downy substances produced by other plants, as on the seeds of a cottonwood.
ֲްϣ״
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
cotton shirts; cotton mills.
޳£޳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
cot.toned,cot.ton.ing,cot.tons ʽ 
To take a liking; attempt to be friendly:
ϲϣͼѺã
a dog that didn't cotton to strangers; an administration that will cotton up to the most repressive of regimes.
İ˲ѺõһֻǿԵ嶼Ҫֺõ
To come to understand. Often used withto  or onto:  
ʼ⣺ʼ⡣ͨto  onto  
The German bosses . . . never cottoned to such changes(N.R. Kleinfield)
¹Щϰ塭ûֱ仯(N.R.ƶ)
?
Middle English cotoun 
йӢ cotoun 
from Old French coton 
Դ ŷ coton 
from Old Italian cotone 
Դ  cotone 
from Arabic dialectal qon 
Դ  qon 
from Arabic qun 
Դ  qun 
?
Cotton
Cot.ton
AHD:[k?tn] Charles (1630-1687) 
D.J.[6kKtn]
K.K.[6k$t2]
NONE޴ԣ
English poet and translator known for his poems on country life as well as his translation (1685) of Montaigne's essays.
ƶ٣˹(1630-1687) Ӣʫ˺ͷңдũʫɢģ1685꣩
?
Cotton
CottonJohn (1584-1652)
NONE޴ԣ
English-born American cleric who was vicar of Saint Botolph's Church in England until he was summoned to court for his Puritanism. He fled to Boston, Massachusetts, where he 
became a civil and religious leader.
ƶ٣Լ(1584-1652) Ӣʦʥж˹õĽʦֱ׷塣ӵݵĲʿ٣Ϊڽ

= =
couch
couch
AHD:[kouch] 
D.J.[ka&t.]
K.K.[ka&t.]
n.ʣ
A sofa.
ɳɳ
A sofa on which a patient lies while undergoing psychoanalysis or psychiatric treatment.
齣ΣƵһɳ
The frame or floor on which grain, usually barley, is spread in malting.
ѿܻذ壬沥ʹ䷢ѿͨǴ
A layer of grain, usually barley, spread to germinate.
һѿʹ֮ѿһͨǴ
A priming coat of paint or varnish used in artistic painting.
ͿףͿ㣺滭еͿĻ򻭰
v.ʣ
couched,couch.ing,couch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To word in a certain manner; phrase:
ǣĳַʽǣ
couched their protests in diplomatic language.
⽻ǵĿ
To cause (oneself) to lie down, as for rest.
ʹԣʹԼ£ΪϢ
To embroider by laying thread flat on a surface and fastening it by stitches at regular intervals.
壺ڱƽŷ߲ڹɼǹ̶
To spread (grain) on a couch to germinate, as in malting.
ʹѿѿϲʹ֮ѿʱ
To lower (a spear, for example) to horizontal position, as for an attack.
ƽգ׼ʱŵͣìˮƽλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie down; recline, as for rest.
ԣ£бУϢʱ
To lie in ambush or concealment; lurk.
ΣǱʱ£
To be in a heap or pile, as leaves for decomposition or fermentation.
ʹɶѣɶѻţҶѻֽ򷢽
?
Middle English couche 
йӢ couche 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from couchier [to lay down, lie down] 
Դ couchier [£] 
from Latin colloc3e * see  collocate 
Դ  colloc3e *μ collocate
?
coucher
n.ʣ

= =
cough
cough
AHD:[k?f, k?f] 
D.J.[k%8f, kKf]
K.K.[k%f, k$f]
v.ʣ
coughed,cough.ing,coughs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To expel air from the lungs suddenly and noisily, often to keep the respiratory passages free of irritating material.
ȣԣӷͻȻĴų壬ͨΪʹ谭
To make a noise similar to noisy expulsion of air from the lungs:
԰ӷط԰
The engine coughed and died.
¡˼Ϩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expel by coughing:
ͨų
coughed up phlegm.
ȳ̵
n.ʣ
The act of coughing.
ԣԵĶ
An illness marked by frequent coughing.
ԲԾԿΪصĲ
?
cough up ٵ
To hand over or relinquish (money or another possession), often reluctantly.
ǿͳǮƲͨǲԸ
To confess or disclose:
ϻ򹩳
When he saw that the police might arrest him, he coughed up the details of what he had seen.
ʶҲȫгһ
?
Middle English coughen 
йӢ coughen 
[ultimately of imitative origin] 
[̶Դģ] 

= =
could
could
AHD:[k?d] 
D.J.[k&d]
K.K.[k&d]
v.aux.ʣ
 can1Ĺȥʽ  
Used to indicate ability, possibility, or permission in the past:
ʾȥԻ
I could run faster then. It could be no better at that time. Only men could go to the club in those days.
ʱܵø졣ʱõòٺˡڵʱֻ˿ȥֲ
Used with hypothetical or conditional force:
Ʋ
If we could help, we would.
ܰæǻ
Used to indicate tentativeness or politeness:
ڱʾ̽Իò
I could be wrong. Could you come over here?
Ҳˡܵ?

= =
council
coun.cil
AHD:[kounsl] 
D.J.[6ka&ns*l]
K.K.[6ka&ns*l]
n.ʣ
An assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion.
飺ټһѯ۵һȺ
A body of people elected or appointed to serve in an administrative, legislative, or advisory capacity.
ίԱᣬ»᣺ѡίɵʹ˾Э̹ܵȺ
An assembly of church officials and theologians convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline.
顢飺̻Աѧоߵļᣬ涨ڽԭ
The discussion or deliberation that takes place in such an assembly or body.
飺ּȺнеۺ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a council chamber; the council table.

?
Middle English counceil 
йӢ counceil 
from Old French concile 
Դ ŷ concile 
from Latin concilium * see  kel- 2
Դ  concilium *μ kel- 2
?
Council, counsel,  and consul  are never interchangeable as such, though their meanings are related.Council and councilor refer principally to a deliberative assembly (such as a city 
council or student council), its work, and its membership. Counsel and counselor  pertain chiefly to advice and guidance in general and to a person (such as a lawyer or camp counselor) 
who provides it.Consul  denotes an officer in the foreign service of a country. 
Councilcounsel  consul ǲܻģ ǵϵCouncil  councilor Ҫָ鼯ᣨѧᣩ乤ͻἮ Counsel  counselor 
Ҫ漰ϵĽָ 漰ṩˣʦӪıߣConsul ָ·ĹԱ 

= =
counsel
coun.sel
AHD:[kounsl] 
D.J.[6ka&ns*l]
K.K.[6ka&ns*l]
n.ʣ
The act of exchanging opinions and ideas; consultation.
Э̣ۣ۵뷨Ϊ
Advice or guidance, especially as solicited from a knowledgeable person.See Synonyms at advice 
飺ָӼʶõĽָμ advice
A plan of action.
ԣжƻ
Private, guarded thoughts or opinions:
ܵ뷨˽µġԸ֪뷨۵㣺
keep one's own counsel.

A lawyer or group of lawyers giving legal advice and especially conducting a case in court.See Synonyms at lawyer See Usage Note at council 
绤ˣʦɹʣһᷨɽ鲢ڷͥϱ绤ʦμ lawyerμ council
v.ʣ
coun.seled  coun.selled coun.sel.ing  coun.sel.ling coun.sels  coun.sels  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give counsel to; advise.See Synonyms at advise 
飻Ȱμ advise
To recommend:
Ƽܣ
counseled care in the forthcoming negotiations.
ڼ̸رҪС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give or take advice.See Usage Note at council 
ܽμ council
?
Middle English counseil 
йӢ counseil 
from Old French conseil 
Դ ŷ conseil 
from Latin c?m ; akin to  c?nsulere [to take counsel, consult] 
Դ  c?m   c?nsulere [ܽ飬ѯ] 

= =
count
count 1
AHD:[kount] 
D.J.[ka&nt]
K.K.[ka&nt]
v.ʣ
count.ed,count.ing,counts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To name or list (the units of a group or collection) one by one in order to determine a total; number.
һһ˵гһȺһеĸλԵ
To recite numerals in ascending order up to and including:
˳ֱ
count three before firing.
ǰ
To include in a reckoning; take account of:
ڣڣ
ten dogs, counting the puppies.
Сܹʮֻ
Informal 
ʽ 
To include by or as if by counting:
ڣͨͨ
Count me in.
ȥ
To exclude by or as if by counting:
ų⣺ͨͨųȥ
Count me out.

To believe or consider to be; deem:
ΪŻΪǣΪ
Count yourself lucky.
Լ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To recite or list numbers in order or enumerate items by units or groups:
㣺Ⱥ˳αг֣
counted by tens.
ʮΪλ
To have importance:
Ҫԣ
You really count with me.
˵ȷʵҪ
To have a specified importance or value:
мֵĳҪԻֵ
Their opinions count for little. Each basket counts for two points.
ǵĹ۵ûʲôֵÿͶһ
Music To keep time by counting beats.
֡ ģͨ
n.ʣ
The act of counting or calculating.
㣺Ķ
A number reached by counting.
㵽
The totality of specific items in a particular sample:
ĳһƷĳĿ
a white blood cell count.
Ѫ
Law Any of the separate and distinct charges in an indictment.
ɡ ״гĸֲͬġԵָ
Sports The counting from one to ten seconds, during which time a boxer who has been knocked down must rise or be declared the loser.
˶ ʮһʮ룬ڴڼ䱻ȭֱվȻ㱻ʧ
Baseball The number of balls and strikes that an umpire has called against a batter.
 ԱԻֺͻ
?
count on
To rely on; depend on:

You can count on my help.
ҵİ
To be confident of; anticipate:
ԡģԤڣ
counted on getting a raise.
ڴüн
?
count heads 
count noses
To make a count of members, attendees, or participants by or as if by noting bodily presence.
ͨ¼ϯԱ߻
?
Middle English counten 
йӢ counten 
from Old French conter 
Դ ŷ conter 
from Latin comput3e [to calculate] 
Դ  comput3e [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ϣ] 
put3e [to think] * see  peu- 
put3e [Ϊ] *μ peu- 
?
count,import,matter,signify,weigh
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to be of significance or importance: 
Щʹе˼ǡҪش󡱣 
an opinion that counts for a great deal;
мĹ۵㣻
actions that import little;
岻Ϊ
decisions that really matter;
ȷʵشľ
thoughts that signify much;
Ҫ뷨
considerations that do not weigh with her. 
˵νĿ 
?
count
count 2
AHD:[kount] 
D.J.[ka&nt]
K.K.[ka&nt]
n.Abbr. Ct.ʣд Ct.
A nobleman in some European countries.
һЩŷ޹ҵĹ
Used as a title for such a nobleman.
ƺţֹͷ
?
Middle English counte 
йӢ counte 
from Old French conte 
Դ ŷ conte 
from Late Latin comes  comit- [occupant of any state office] 
Դ  comes  comit- [һԱ] 
from Latin [companion] * see  ei- 
Դ  [ͬ] *μ ei- 

= =
counter
counter 1
AHD:[kountr] 
D.J.[6ka&nt*]
K.K.[6ka&nt+]
adj.ݴʣ
Contrary; opposing:
෴ģģ
moves and counter moves on the checkerboard.
ǰƶ
n.ʣ
One that is an opposite.
棺෴˻
Sports A boxing blow given while receiving or parrying another.
˶ ȭʱܵܿһʱеĻ
Sports A fencing parry in which one foil follows the other in a circular fashion.
˶ ԲأڻʱԲηʽһнһеؽ
A stiff piece of leather around the heel of a shoe.
ƤЬΧƤ
Nautical The portion of a ship's stern extending from the water line to the extreme outward swell.
 ͻ壬ˣβͻˮ浽Զĺͻ
Printing The depression between the raised lines of a typeface.
ӡˢ ֹȣǦֱʻİݲ
v.ʣ
coun.tered,coun.ter.ing,coun.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To meet or return (a blow) by another blow.

To move or act in opposition to; oppose.
ƶŸɣ
To offer in response:
ش
countered that she was too busy to be thorough.
˵̫æ²̫
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move, act, or respond so as to be in opposition.
ƶŸɣ
adv.ʣ
In a contrary manner or direction.
أ෴أ
To or toward an opposite or dissimilar course or outcome:
۵أ෴ͬ;أ
a method running counter to traditional techniques.
봫ͳ㣵ķ
?
From counter- 
Դ counter-
?
counter
counter 2
AHD:[kountr] 
D.J.[6ka&nt*]
K.K.[6ka&nt+]
n.ʣ
Abbr. ctr.A flat surface on which money is counted, business is transacted, or food is prepared or served.
д ctr.̨Ǯнף׼ʳʳƽ
Games A piece, as of wood or ivory, used for keeping a count or a place.
Ϸ 룺ľһС飬λ
An imitation coin; a token.
ӲңαӲңƷ
A piece of money.
ǮǮӲ
?
Middle English countour 
йӢ countour 
from Anglo-Norman counteor 
Դ Ӣ counteor 
from Medieval Latin comput3?rium} [counting house] 
Դ  comput3?rium} [ʷ] 
from Latin comput3e [to calculate] * see  count 1
Դ  comput3e [] *μ count1
?
counter
counter 3
AHD:[kountr] 
D.J.[6ka&nt*]
K.K.[6ka&nt+]
n.ʣ
One that counts, especially an electronic or mechanical device that automatically counts occurrences or repetitions of phenomena or events.
ߣߣָӻеװԶĳ¼ظĴ

= =
counterpart
coun.ter.part
AHD:[kountr-p?rt] 
D.J.[6ka&nt*7p$8t]
K.K.[6ka&nt+7p$rt]
n.ʣ
One that closely resembles another.
һＫƵĶ
One that has the same functions and characteristics as another; an opposite number:
ַӦ˻һͬĹܻص˻Բߵˣ
The foreign minister is the counterpart of the secretary of state.
⽻Ǻ͹Եȵ
A copy or duplicate of a legal paper.
ƷıĸƷ򸱱
One of two parts that fit and complete each other.
һĲ֮һ
One that serves as a complement.
ƷΪ

= =
country
coun.try
AHD:[k?ntr?] 
D.J.[6kJntri8]
K.K.[6kJntri]
n.ʣ
 coun.tries 
A nation or state.

The territory of a nation or state; land.
ҵ
The people of a nation or state; populace:
񣺹ҵڣ
The whole country will profit from the new economic reforms.
ȫ񶼽µľøĸ
The land of a person's birth or citizenship:
磬磺һ˳ĵط򻧿ڵأ
Foreign travel is restricted in his country.
ļǽֹε
A region, territory, or large tract of land distinguishable by features of topography, biology, or culture:
ΡĻصֿĵػƬأ
hill country; Bible country.
ɽʥ
A district outside of cities and towns; a rural area:
£壺ĵ壺
a vacation in the country.
¶ȼ
Law A jury.
ɡ 
Informal Country music.
ʽ 
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or typical of the country:
ҵģҵģйصģйģ
a country road; country cooking.
Ҽ
Of or relating to country music.
ֵģֵģйص
?
in country
In Vietnam during the period of U.S. military operations there:
ԽսʱԽϣжʱԽϣ
He'd been in country a month longer than the other four(Nelson DeMille)
ĸԽ϶һ¡(ɶѷҮ)
?
Middle English countre 
йӢ countre 
from Old French contree 
Դ ŷ contree 
from Vulgar Latin *(terra) contr3a [(land) opposite, before] 
Դ  *(terra) contr3a [أŵģڡǰ] 
from Latin contr3} [opposite] * see  kom 
Դ  contr3} [] *μ kom 

= =
countryside
coun.try.side
AHD:[k?ntr?-sod] 
D.J.[6kJntri87sa!d]
K.K.[6kJntri7sa!d]
n.ʣ
A rural region.
ũµ
The inhabitants of a rural region.
ũľ

= =
county
coun.ty
AHD:[kount?] 
D.J.[6ka&nti8]
K.K.[6ka&nti]
n.ʣ
 coun.ties д co,co.
An administrative subdivision of a state in the United States.
أһݵ֧
A territorial division exercising administrative, judicial, and political functions in Great Britain and Ireland.
еߺͰʹ˾ιܵĽ֧
The territory under the jurisdiction of a count or earl.
أɲϽ֮µ
The people living in a county.
񣺾סڿص
?
Middle English counte [territorial division] 
йӢ counte [֧] 
from Old French conte [the territory of a count] 
Դ ŷ conte [Ͻ] 
from Medieval Latin comit3s 
Դ  comit3s 
from Late Latin [the office of count] 
Դ  [İ칫] 
from Latin [retinue] 
Դ  [ӣ̴] 
from comes  comit- [companion] * see  ei- 
Դ comes  comit- [飬ͬ] *μ ei- 
?
county
adj.ݴʣ

= =
couple
cou.ple
AHD:[k?pl] 
D.J.[6kJp*l]
K.K.[6kJp*l]
n.ʣ
Two items of the same kind; a pair.
һԣһ˫ͬһһ
Something that joins or connects two things together; a link.
һĶ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)
뵥ã
Two people united, as by betrothal or marriage.
ޣ£ͨһ
Two people together.
һԣһ
Informal A few; several:
ʽ 
a couple of days.

Physics A pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in parallel but opposite directions, capable of causing rotation but not translation.
ѧ żȴԵƽõܵתƽ
v.ʣ
cou.pled,cou.pling,cou.ples 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To link together; connect:
һӣ
coupled her refusal with an explanation.
Ĵн͵ľܾ
To join as spouses; marry.
˫飺Ϊżϣ
To join in sexual union.
Խ
Electricity To link (two circuits or currents) as by magnetic induction.
ѧ ӣͨŸӦӣ·
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form pairs; join.
γɶԣ
To unite sexually; copulate.
Խ
To join chemically.
ѧϽ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Two or few:
ģģ
Every couple years the urge strikes, to . . . haul off to a new site(Garrison Keillor)
ÿ꣬볷ȥһµصĳ嶯ˡ(ɭл)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c?a [bond, pair] 
Դ  c?a [] 
?
couple,pair,brace,yoke
These nouns denote two individuals of the same kind together.
ʱʾͬһһ
 Couple  does not necessarily imply more than association: 
 Couple  һָϵ˼ 
a square dance performed by four couples.  The term may also mean simply few: 
ĶԱݵķ衣 Ҳָ򵥵ġ 
a couple of minutes;
ӣ
a couple of books.
顣
Pair   stresses close association and often reciprocal dependence of things ( 
Pair  ǿܵϵ໥ 
a pair of gloves;
һף
a pair of pajamas); sometimes it denotes a single thing with interdependent parts ( 
һ˯¿㣩 ʱʾ໥ֵһ 
a pair of scissors;
һѼ
a pair of spectacles). 
һ۾ 
 Brace   refers principally to certain animals or game birds ( 
 Brace  Ҫָĳֶѱ 
a brace of hounds;
һԹ
a brace of partridges), andyoke  to two joined draft animals (  
һ˫𳣩 yoke Ҫָһö  
a yoke of oxen). 
һţ 
?
When used to refer to two people who function socially as a unit,as ina married couple,  the wordcouple  may take either a singular or a plural verb, depending on whether the members 
are considered individually or collectively: 
ʾΪһλʹṦܵʱһѻ У couple ȿԴҲԴʣ ȡǱؿģ 
The couple were married last week.
һԷڽĻ顣
Only one couple was unaccounted for. 
ֻһԷûڡ 
 When a pronoun follows,they  and their  are more common than it  and its :  
дʣthey  their  it  its ҪһЩ  
The couple decided to spend their (less commonly its ) vacation in Italy.  
Է򸾾ȹǵģ its  ڡ  
 Care should be taken that the verb and the pronoun agree in number: 
Ӧע⶯ʺʹҪһ£ 
The couple have their (less commonly has its ) primary residence in New York.   
Է򸾣 has its  סŦԼ  
Although the phrasea couple of  has been well established in English since before the Renaissance, it has been criticized on several grounds.Grammarians used to insist thata couple 
of  should be used only to refer to things closely linked to one another and so was improperly used in phrases such asa couple of years ago.   This objection has not been heard in 
some time and was never well supported.Modern critics have sometimes maintained thata couple of  is too inexact to be appropriate in formal writing. But the inexactitude ofa couple of  
may serve a useful communicative purpose, suggesting that the writer is indifferent to the precise number of items involved.Thus the sentenceShe lives only a couple of miles away  
implies not only that the distance is short but that its exact measure is unimportant. Furthermore,a couple of  is different from a few  in that it does not imply that the relevant amount is 
relatively small. One might say admiringly of an exceptional center fielder thathe can throw the ball a couple of hundred feet,  but not, except ironically,a few hundred feet,  which would 
suggest that such a throw was unremarkable. The usage should be considered unobjectionable on all levels of style.
a couple of ո֮ǰӢγɣ ܵ෽﷨ѧҹȥΪa couple of Ӧָֻ֮Ķ a couple of 
years ago Ķǲʵġ ķʱûˣҲδִ̫֧ܵ֡ʱҲΪa couple of ̫ȷܺǡʽд
 a couple of ĲȷҲһֺõĴｻͼ ߶漰ľȷĿ̫ġסֻмӢԶ ӲԶͬʱҲ
ȷǲҪġ a couple of  a few Ĳͬʾйص˵Сġ һҰ֣˵ܰ׼ӢԶ  
˵ĻųĿܣa few hundred feet ָôԶûʲôϡ֮ ÷ڸ϶޿ɱ粵

= =
courage
cour.age
AHD:[k?r1j, k?r-] 
D.J.[6kT8r!d9, 6kJr-]
K.K.[6kPr!d9, 6kJr-]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of mind or spirit that enables one to face danger, fear, or vicissitudes with self-possession, confidence, and resolution; bravery.
¸ңηʹ˴гšź;Σաֲ޳ʻ״̬
?
Middle English corage 
йӢ corage 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *cor3m 
Դ  *cor3m 
from Latin cor * see  kerd- 
Դ  cor *μ kerd- 

= =
course
course
AHD:[k?rs, k?rs] 
D.J.[k%8s, k*&rs]
K.K.[k%rs, kors]
n.ʣ
Onward movement in a particular direction; progress.
չ̣ضǰ˶չ
The direction of continuing movement:
ж򣺳˶ķ
took a northern course.
н
The route or path taken by something, such as a stream, that moves.See Synonyms at way 
··ߣˮĳߵĵ··ߣӵμ way
Movement in time; duration:
ڼ䣺ʱϵ˶ڼ䣺
in the course of a year.
һ굱
Sports A designated area of land or water on which a race is held or a sport played.
˶ 򳡣ܵרŻһƬػˮܻ˶Ŀ
A mode of action or behavior:
ΪжΪķ룺
followed the best course and invested her money.
ѵͶʷʽͶ
A typical or natural manner of proceeding or developing; customary passage:
չлչĵͻȻķʽ
a fad that ran its course.
е
A systematic or orderly succession; a sequence:
ϵУ˳ϵͳĻдĳ̣˳
a course of medical treatments.
ҽѧƵһƳ
A continuous layer of building material, such as brick or tile, on a wall or roof of a building.
㣬Уţϵһ㣬罨ǽڻݶϵש
A complete body of prescribed studies constituting a curriculum.
γ̣Ŀ̳̣ɽѧٵһָѧϰϵ
A unit of such a curriculum.
γ̵ԪֽѧٵһԪ
A part of a meal served as a unit at one time.
һˣͬʱΪһԪһеһ
Nautical The lowest sail on a mast of a square-rigged ship.
 ᷫкᷫװõĴΦ˵͵ķ
A point on the compass, especially the one toward which a ship is sailing.
򣬿̶ȣָϵһ㣬ָһ
v.ʣ
coursed,cours.ing,cours.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move swiftly through or over; traverse:
оɣƶشԽ
ships coursing the seas.
оĴֻ
To hunt (game) with hounds.
ԣԹ׷٣
To set (hounds) to chase game.
ʹȮ׷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To proceed or move swiftly along a specified course:
ӹض·߿нƶ
Big tears now coursed down her face(Iris Murdoch)
ŵ黬ա(˹Ĭ)
To hunt game with hounds.
Ȯ
?
in due course
At the proper or right time.
ںʻõʱ
of course
In the natural or expected order of things; naturally.
ȻأȻĻԤڵ˳Ȼ
Without any doubt; certainly.
ɵأȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French cours 
Դ ŷ cours 
from Latin cursus [from past participle of] currere [to run] * see  kers- 
Դ  cursus  [] ԴcurrereĹȥִ [] *μ kers- 

= =
court
court
AHD:[k?rt, k?rt] 
D.J.[k%8t, k*&rt]
K.K.[k%rt, kort]
n.Abbr. C.,ct.ʣд C.,ct.
An extent of open ground partially or completely enclosed by walls or buildings; a courtyard.
ͥԺԺӣֻȫرǽյ¶յأͥԺ
A short street, especially a wide alley walled by buildings on three sides.
֣̽ָ֣̽ɽΧƵĿĽֵ
A large open section of a building, often with a glass roof or skylight.
쾮һƬĿͨв
A large building, such as a mansion, standing in a courtyard.
լڣۡլ¥һլӣԺ
The place of residence of a sovereign or dignitary; a royal mansion or palace.
͢סĵطʼլڻ򹬵
The retinue of a sovereign, including the royal family and personal servants, advisers, and ministers.
̴̳͢ӣҼͥ˽ˡıͲ
A sovereign's governing body, including the council of ministers and state advisers.
͢͢ĹƣίԱ͹Ҳı
A formal meeting or reception presided over by a sovereign.
ǰ飺ɹֵʽд
Law 
ɡ 
A person or body of persons whose task is to hear and submit a decision on cases at law.
٣ȡ鲢ݷΪķٻһȺ
The building, hall, or room in which such cases are heard and determined.
ͥԺȡ鲢Ľ򷿼
The regular session of a judicial assembly.
ͥ˾һι̶ͥ
A similar authorized tribunal having military or ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
ͥƵıȨķͥоºڽ˾Ȩ
Sports An open, level area marked with appropriate lines, upon which a game, such as tennis, handball, or basketball, is played.
˶ 򳡣ˮƽĵطʵߣϷ
The body of directors of an organization, especially of a corporation.
»ᣬ»᣺һ֯ǵȫ壬ָ˾»
A legislative assembly.
Ժ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a court jester; court records.
͢Ūͥ¼
v.ʣ
court.ed,court.ing,courts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attempt to gain; seek:
ͼõѰ
courting wealth and fame.
׷
To behave so as to invite or incur:
£գ
courts disaster by taking drugs.
ֻ
To try to gain the love or affections of, especially to seek to marry.
󰮣飺Ŭáİ飬ָΪ֮
To attempt to gain the favor of by attention or flattery:
ͼãͨעжͼ𡭵ĺøУ
a salesperson courting a potential customer.
һλ˵п֮ɽĹ˿͵Ա
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pursue a courtship; woo.
󰮣׷
?
pay court to
To flatter with solicitous overtures in an attempt to obtain something or clear away antagonism.
ֺã󰮣ͼĳжԶĵıʾ
To seek someone's love; woo.
󰮣׷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French cort 
Դ ŷ cort 
from Latin cohors  cohort- [courtyard, retinue] * see  gher- 1
Դ  cohors  cohort- [Ժӣ̴] *μ gher- 1
?
Court
Court
AHD:[k?rt, k?rt] Margaret Smith (Born 1942) 
D.J.[k%8t, k*&rt]
K.K.[k%rt, kort]
NONE޴ԣ
Australian tennis player who won 26 Grand Slam singles titles and, in 1970, the Grand Slam (Wimbledon, French, U.S., and Australian titles in the same year).
أءʷ˹Ĵѡ֣ȫʤս26λŮھ1970ӮôᣨͬһӢ²ǡͰĴ򹫿ھ

= =
courtesy
cour.te.sy
AHD:[k?rt1-s?] 
D.J.[6kT8t!si8]
K.K.[6kPt!si]
n.ʣ
 cour.te.sies 
Polite behavior.
ǫòľֹΪ
A polite gesture or remark.
ڣòΪԴ
Consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence:
⣬ݣʵرʾͬ޳ɣݣ
They call this pond a lake by courtesy only.
ǳΪֻΪϲ
Willingness or generosity in providing something needed:
ݣģṩĳʱֳͿ
free advertising through the courtesy of the local newspaper.
򵱵رֽĿѵǹ
adj.ݴʣ
Given or done as a polite gesture:
ڵģԵģ
paid a courtesy visit to the new neighbors.
ھӽ԰ݷ
Free of charge:
ѵģ
courtesy tickets for the reporters.
ߵƱ
?
Middle English courtesie 
йӢ courtesie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from corteis [courtly] * see  courteous 
Դ corteis [й͢ɵ] *μ courteous

= =
cousin
cous.in
AHD:[k?z1n] 
D.J.[6kJz!n]
K.K.[6kJz!n]
n.ʣ
A child of one's aunt or uncle.Also called  first cousin 
ֵܣãֵܣãĸĺӣ岮˾˵ĺҲ  first cousin
A relative descended from a common ancestor, such as a grandparent, by two or more steps in a diverging line.
ԶףԶݣͬһ磨游ĸݣм֧ͥ౲
A relative by blood or marriage; a kinsman or kinswoman.
ݣѪԵϵϵɵݣݻŮ
A member of a kindred group or country:
ֵͬȺҵĳԱ
our Canadian cousins.
Ǽô
Used as a form of address by a sovereign in addressing another sovereign or a high-ranking member of the nobility.
䣺Ը߼ĳƺ
?
Middle English cosin [a relative] 
йӢ cosin [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c??bronus} [cousin] 
Դ  c??bronus} [] 
com- [com-] 
com- [ͬ] 
s?onus} [cousin on the mother's side] * see  swesor- 
s?onus} [ĸǱߵı] *μ swesor- 
?
cousinhood
n.ʣ
cousinly
adj.ݴʣ
cousinship
n.ʣ

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cover
cov.er
AHD:[k?vr] 
D.J.[6kJv*]
K.K.[6kJv+]
v.ʣ
cov.ered,cov.er.ing,cov.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place something upon or over, so as to protect or conceal.
ǣڸǣĳڡ֮ϣԱ
To overlay or spread with something:
ĳ︲ǣĳɢ
cover potatoes with gravy.
֭
To put a cover or covering on.
ڱΣڡϷŸӻ
To wrap up; clothe.

To invest (oneself) with a great deal of something:
أԼණ
covered themselves with glory.
ʢ
To spread over the surface of:
ı棺
Dust covered the table. Snow covered the ground.
ҳ档ѩ˵
To extend over:
죬鼰
a farm covering more than 100 acres.
100Ķũ
To copulate with (a female). Used especially of horses.
루Զ䡣
To sit on in order to hatch.
ڡԷ
To hide or screen from view or knowledge; conceal:
ڱΣأػԲ֪أ
covered up his misdemeanors.
Ϊ
To protect or shield from harm, loss, or danger.
⣺ֹܿ˺ʧΣ
To protect by insurance:
ȷ뱣ռԱ
took out a new policy that will cover all our camera equipment.
ܱӰĵ±
To compensate or make up for.
⳥ֲ
To be sufficient to defray, meet, or offset the cost or charge of:
֧Բ㹻֧ĻѺͼǮ
had enough funds to cover her check.
㹻ʽ֧ʵ
To make provision for; take into account:
Ϊ׼ǵ
The law does not cover all crimes.
ɲû漰
To deal with; treat of:
Դ
The book covers the feminist movement.
Ȿ̽ŮȨ˶
To travel or pass over; traverse:
ͨУ
They covered 60 miles in two days.
60Ӣ
To have as one's territory or sphere of work.
Χĳ˵ĹΧ
To be responsible for reporting the details of (an event or situation):
𱨵Աϸڸ¼Σ
Two reporters covered the news story.
߸𱨵
To hold within the range and aim of a weapon, such as a firearm.
׼̣ʹ̻Ŀ
To protect, as from enemy attack, by occupying a strategic position.
ͨռսλ÷ֹ˹
Sports 
˶ 
To be responsible for guarding (an opponent).
أסĳ֣
To be responsible for defending (a position):
ĳλã
cover left field.
Ұ
To match (an opponent's stake) in a wager.
¶עڶĲʱ䣨ֵĶע
To purchase (stock that one has shorted).
ããѾ׿յ֤ȯ
Games To play a higher-ranking card than (the one previously played).
Ϸ ƣȣƣ߼
Obsolete To pardon or remit.
 ԭ£ˡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spread over a surface to protect or conceal something:
ǣΪĳ棺
a paint that covers well.
Ϳúܺõ
To act as a substitute or replacement during someone's absence:
ĳȱϯʱΪ油棺
Her assistant covered for her.
ְ
To hide something in order to save someone from censure or punishment:
ӣΪʹĳ˲ѻͷĳ
cover up for a colleague.
ͬ
Games To play a higher card than the one previously played.
Ϸ ƣȸմƸ߼
n.ʣ
Something that covers or is laid, placed, or spread over or upon something else, as:
ǡûɢϵ磺
A lid or top.
ӣ
A binding or enclosure for a book or magazine.
Ƥ棺־߻Ƥ
A protective overlay, as for a mattress or furniture.
ףԵβҾ
Something that provides shelter.
ڻṩڱε
Strategic protection given by armed units during hostile action:
ڻսװսԱ
The battleship approached the combat zone under a cover of fighter planes.
սսڻʻս
Something, such as vegetation, covering the surface of the ground.
ֲֲһǵĶ
Vegetation, such as underbrush, serving as protective concealment for wild animals.
ֲΪҰṩδֲ
Something, such as darkness, that screens, conceals, or disguises.See Synonyms at shelter 
ڸǡػαװڰμ shelter
A false background and identity, especially for a spy.
ݣٵıݣָ
A table setting for one person:
һײ;ߣΪһ׼һײ;ߣ
Covers were laid for ten.
׼ʮ˵Ĳ;
A cover charge.

An envelope or wrapper for mail.
ףŷ⣺ΪʼĶƵŷ
Funds sufficient to meet an obligation or secure against loss.
֤𣬵㹻ծ򳥻ʧʽ
One who substitutes for another.
˵һ
?
cover (one's) tracks
To conceal traces so as to elude pursuers.
𼣣ڸǺۼ˦׷
cover (the) ground
To traverse a given distance with satisfying speed.
ԽٶԽָ
To deal with or accomplish something in a certain manner:
ɣĳַʽĳ£
The history course covered a lot of ground in six weeks.
ʷ漰ܹ
take cover
To seek concealment or protection, as from enemy fire.
أΪܵ˻Ѱػ򱣻
under cover
In an enclosure for mailing.
ΪʼĶ
Being hidden or protected, as by darkness.
εģڰ򱣻
?
Middle English coveren 
йӢ coveren 
from Old French covrir 
Դ ŷ covrir 
from Latin cooperoe [to cover completely] 
Դ  cooperoe [ȫ] 
co- [intensive pref.] * see  co- 
co- [ǿǰ׺] *μ co-
operoe [to cover] * see  wer- 4
operoe [] *μ wer- 4
?
coverable
adj.ݴʣ
coverer
n.ʣ
coverless
adj.ݴʣ

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cow
cow 1
AHD:[kou] 
D.J.[ka&]
K.K.[ka&]
n.ʣ
The mature female of cattle of the genusBos.  
Сĸţָĸţ ĳţ 
The mature female of other large animals, such as whales, elephants, or moose.
ʹԶĴͶ羨㡢¹ȣĸ
A domesticated bovine of either sex or any age.
Աļţ
?
till the cows come homeʽ
For a long time; indefinitely:
ʱأڵأ
The guests stayed till the cows came home.
ʱĶ
?
Middle English cou 
йӢ cou 
from Old English c?} * see  g wou- 
Դ Ӣ c?} *μ g wou- 
?
cowy
adj.ݴʣ
?
cow
cow 2
AHD:[kou] 
D.J.[ka&]
K.K.[ka&]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cowed,cow.ing,cows 
To frighten with threats or a show of force.See Synonyms at intimidate 
вʾֶŻμ intimidate
?
[Probably of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
cowedly
AHD:[-1d-l?] ʣ

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coward
cow.ard
AHD:[kourd] 
D.J.[6ka&*d]
K.K.[6ka&*d]
n.ʣ
One who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or pain.
СΣպʹʱֳ޿־
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French couard 
Դ ŷ couard 
from coue [tail] 
Դ coue [β] 
from Latin cauda 
Դ  cauda 
?
coward
adj.ݴʣ
?
Coward
Cow.ard
AHD:[kourd] Sir Noel Pierce (1899-1973) 
D.J.[6ka&*d]
K.K.[6ka&*d]
NONE޴ԣ
British actor, playwright, and composer especially noted for his witty and worldly comedies, such asHay Fever  (1925) and Private Lives  (1930). 
ֵ£ŵƤ˹(1899-1973) ӢԱҺңڶгϲƣ硶ݲȡ 1925꣩ ˽ġ 1930꣩ 

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crack
crack
AHD:[kr2k] 
D.J.[kr#k]
K.K.[kr#k]
v.ʣ
cracked,crack.ing,cracks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break or snap apart.
ѣ۶
To make a sharp, snapping sound.
ı
To break without complete separation of parts; fissure:
ѣѷ죺ûȫ벿ֵѣѿ
The mirror cracked.

To change sharply in pitch or timbre, as from hoarseness or emotion. Used of the voice.
ɤ˻ƻɵ߻ʵͻ䡣ָɤ
To break down; fail:
ʧȥƣ˥ˣ
The defendant's composure finally began to crack.
տʼʧȥ
To have a mental or physical breakdown:
ϻϵı
cracked under the pressure.
ѹ±
To move or go rapidly:
ƶ
was cracking along at 70 miles an hour.
ÿСʱʮӢٶȿʻ
Chemistry To break into simpler molecules by means of heat.
ѧ ѻͨȷֽɸ򵥵ķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to make a sharp, snapping sound.
ʹı
To cause to break without complete separation of parts:
ʹѿʹѿδɲֵȫѣ
cracked the glass.
鲣
To break with a sharp, snapping sound.See Synonyms at break 
ʹмıμ break
To crush (corn or wheat, for example) into small pieces.
ѹ飺ȻСȣ ѹĩ
To strike with a sudden, sharp sound.
򣺴ͻȻ
Informal 
ʽ 
To break open or into:
򿪣˿
crack a safe.
򿪱
To open up for use or consumption:
򿪣Թʹûѣ
crack a book; cracked a beer.
鱾ơ
To break through (an obstacle) in order to win acceptance or acknowledgement:
ųϰΪʹ˽ܻͻƣϰ
finally cracked the men-only rule at the club.
մֻӽֲĹ涨
To discover the solution to, especially after considerable effort:
ָھŬ֡Ľ
crack a code.

To cause (the voice) to crack.
ʹɤ
Informal To tell (a joke), especially on impulse or in an effective manner.
ʽ ЦָǲЧ˵Ц
To cause to have a mental or physical breakdown.
ʹھϻϱ
To impair or destroy:
𺦣ƻ
Their rude remarks cracked his equanimity.
Ǵ׵ĻʹҲܱ
To reduce (petroleum) to simpler compounds by cracking.
ѽ⣺ͨѹʹʯͣɸ򵥵Ļ
n.ʣ
A sharp, snapping sound, such as the report of a firearm.
ıǹ
A partial split or break; a fissure.
ѣѷ죺ѻѿѷ
A slight, narrow space:
죬խ죺΢խѷ죺
The window was open a crack.
ȴֻһϸ
A sharp, resounding blow.
ػлĴ
A mental or physical impairment; a defect.
ȱݣϵ㣻ȱ
A breaking, harshly dissonant vocal tone or sound, as in hoarseness.
ɳѡ̶ɳ
An attempt or try:
ͼԣ
gave him a crack at the job; took a crack at photography.
Ÿ⹤ŴӰ
A witty or sarcastic remark.See Synonyms at joke 
Ƥڿ໰μ joke
A moment; an instant:
һ˲Ƭ̣
at the crack of dawn.
ʱ
Slang Chemically purified, very potent cocaine in pellet form that is smoked through a glass pipe and is considered highly and rapidly addictive.
ٵ ˣһ־߶ȻѧᴿĿɿҩ裬̹ͨȡʹ
adj.ݴʣ
Excelling in skill or achievement; first-rate:
һģģڼջɾϳȺģһģ
a crack shot; a crack tennis player.
ǹ֣һ˶Ա
?
crack down
To act more forcefully to regulate, repress, or restrain:
ȡޣȡʩ涨ƻԼ
The police cracked down on speeding.
ȡ޳г
crack up ʽ
To praise highly:
߶
He was simply not the genius he was cracked up to be.
Ǹ
To damage or wreck (a vehicle or vessel):
𻵣ִȣײݻ٣
crack up a plane; crack up a boat.
ײһܷɻײһ
To wreck a vehicle in an accident:
ײ¹ײһ
cracked up on the expressway.
ڸٹ·ײ
To have a mental or physical breakdown.
ھϻϵı
To experience or cause to experience a great deal of amusement:
ЦʹĿ֣
really cracked up when I heard that joke.
ǸЦЦ
?
crack the whip
To behave in a domineering manner; demand hard work and efficiency from those under one's control.
ʢ˵أʢ˵ķʽ֣ҪŬЧظɻ
?
Middle English craken 
йӢ craken 
from Old English cracian * see  ger- 2
Դ Ӣ cracian *μ ger- 2

= =
cradle
cra.dle
AHD:[kr3dl] 
D.J.[6kre!dl]
K.K.[6kred1]
n.ʣ
A small low bed for an infant, often furnished with rockers.
ҡһΪӤ׼СͰĴͨװ
The earliest period of life:
Ӥʱڣ׶Σ
from the cradle to the grave.

A place of origin; a birthplace:
Դأأ
the cradle of civilization.
ķԴ
A framework of wood or metal used to support something, such as a ship undergoing construction or repair.
֧ܣ֧ĳľƻܣڽлάеĴֻ
A framework used to protect an injured limb.
ܣ˵֧֫
A low flat framework that rolls on casters, used by a mechanic working beneath an automobile.Also called  creeper 
ֽżܣ¹ʹõġڽϹĵƽҲ  creeper
The part of a telephone that contains the connecting switch upon which the receiver and mouthpiece unit is supported.
ɣ绰а߿ء绰Ͳͻǲ
A frame projecting above a scythe, used to catch grain as it is cut so that it can be laid flat.
ҡܣϵͻܣʹƽõ
A scythe equipped with such a frame.
װҡܵĴ
A boxlike device furnished with rockers, used for washing gold-bearing dirt.
ϴۣһϴĴ˵ĺ״е
v.ʣ
cra.dled,cra.dling,cra.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or retain in or as if in a cradle.
ҡѡûҡҡ
To care for or nurture in infancy.
ӤϻӤ
To hold or support protectively:
Եӵס򻷱
cradled the cat in his arms.
Сè
To reap (grain) with a cradle.
ոøҡܵĴո
To place or support (a ship, for example) in a cradle.
֧ϣ֧ܷû֧ţ紬ֻ
To wash (gold-bearing dirt) in a cradle.
ϴϴ
v.intr.Obsolete ﶯʣ 
To lie in or as if in a cradle.
ҡҡлҡ
?
Middle English cradel 
йӢ cradel 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
cradler
n.ʣ

= =
craft
craft
AHD:[kr2ft] 
D.J.[kr#ft]
K.K.[kr#ft]
n.ʣ
Skill in doing or making something, as in the arts; proficiency.See Synonyms at art 1
ĳļܣգμ art1
Skill in evasion or deception; guile.
թӱܻƭļɣ
An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry.
գգҪݻվտְҵҵ
The membership of such an occupation or trade; guild.
лԱһְҵҵĳԱͬҵ
pl. craft A boat, ship, or aircraft.
 craft Сִɻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
craft.ed,craft.ing,crafts 
To make by hand.
ֹ
Usage Problem To make or construct (something) in a manner suggesting great care or ingenuity:
÷ѡ ɵػɵ죨ĳ
It was not the Chamber of Commerce that crafted the public policies that have resulted in a $26 billion annual subvention to the farmers(William F. Buckley, Jr.)
ÿ귢ũʮԪ߲̻ᾫĲ߻ġ(СF.Ϳ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cr?ft 
Դ Ӣ cr?ft 
?
crafter
n.ʣ
?
Craft  has been used as a verb since the Old English period and was used in Middle English to refer specifically to the artful construction of a text or discourse.In recent years,crafted,  
the past participle of craft,  has enjoyed a vogue as a participle referring to well-wrought writing.  This may be a sign that the Jamesian conception of the literary muse has begun to 
yield to a Trollopian conception of literature as a kind of intellectual handicraft;or it may indicate little more than the desperation with which book reviewers seize on any novel 
adjective.In any event, the usage is more acceptable when applied to literary works than to other sorts of writing,and more acceptable as a participle than as a verb.It was acceptable to 
73 percent of the Usage Panel in the phrasebeautifully crafted prose.   By contrast, only 35 percent of the Panel accepted the sentenceThe planners crafted their proposal so as to 
anticipate the objections of local businesses.  
Craft һڹӢʱھͱʣ йӢָĳһĻľɾ䷨ṹcrafted  craft һʵĹȥִʱ㷺дƷ 
ղķʿѧйʼλΪһɵѧһźţҲпܰʾǶԲС˵Ľһʧ
ָѧƷָ͵дױ˽ܣִʱʸױ˽ܡ÷רʹС73%ĳԱͬھ˼ɢ һе÷ ෴
ֻ35%ĳԱͬڲ߻ƶƻԤطҵ һе÷ 

= =
crane
crane
AHD:[kr3n] 
D.J.[kre!n]
K.K.[kren]
n.ʣ
Any of various large wading birds of the family Gruidae, having a long neck, long legs, and a long bill.
ףһֺ׿ƵĴ͡ȡˮ
A similar bird, such as a heron.
ƺ׵
A machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects by means of cables attached to a movable boom.
ػһڻϵƶĻ
Any of various devices with a swinging arm, as in a fireplace for suspending a pot.
ܣаڶ۸˵Ķװõͳơ罫ڻ¯ϵĵ
v.ʣ
craned,cran.ing,cranes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hoist or move with or as if with a crane.
ˣػػƶ
To strain and stretch (the neck, for example) in order to see better.
쳤ӣ̽ͷǰȣԱ㿴Щ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stretch one's neck toward something for a better view.
쳤ӣŲԱ㿴Щ
To be irresolute; hesitate.
ԥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cran * see  ger- 2
Դ Ӣ cran *μ ger- 2
?
Crane
Crane
AHD:[kr3n] (Harold) Hart (1899-1932) 
D.J.[kre!n]
K.K.[kren]
NONE޴ԣ
American poet whose works, includingThe Bridge  (1930), celebrate America's cultural past, present, and future. 
׶޵£أ(1899-1932) ʫˣƷš 1930꣩ĻĹȥںͽ 
?
Crane
CraneStephen (1871-1900)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer whose works includeThe Red Badge of Courage  (1895) and the short story The Open Boat (1898). 
׶˹ٷң(1871-1900) ңƷСɫӢѫ¡ 1895꣩ͶƪС˵ϱۡ(1898꣩ 

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crash
crash 1
AHD:[kr2sh] 
D.J.[kr#.]
K.K.[kr#.]
v.ʣ
crashed,crash.ing,crash.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break violently or noisily; smash.
ػײ飺ײײ
To undergo sudden damage or destruction on impact:
٣׹٣ײɵͻȻ٣
Their car crashed into a guardrail. The airplane crashed over the ocean.
ǵĳײϻɻں׹
To make a sudden loud noise:
ͻȻײ
breakers crashing against the rocks.
Ȼײʯ
To move noisily or so as to cause damage:
ֱײƶƻ
went crashing through the woods.
ֱײش
To fail suddenly, as a market or an economy.
ʧܣƲг򾭼õȵͻȻʧ
Slang To undergo a period especially of depression as an aftereffect of drug-taking.
ٵ ɥڣһ־ʱ
Slang 
ٵ 
To find temporary lodging or shelter, as for the night.
ʱҹ޴ҵϣʱ޻ѵĵط
To go to sleep.
ȥ˯
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to crash.
ʹײ
To dash to pieces; smash.
׹٣ײ
Informal To join or enter (a party, for example) without invitation.
ʽ 루ᣩ
n.ʣ
A sudden loud noise, as of an object breaking.
ײѵͻȻĺ
A smashing to pieces.
ײ
A collision, as between two automobiles.See Synonyms at collision 
֮ȵײμ collision
A sudden economic or fiscal failure.
ûϵͻȻʧ
Slang Mental depression after drug-taking.
ٵ ľ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Of or characterized by an intensive effort to produce or accomplish:
ٳɵģӱŬɵģ
a crash course on income-tax preparation; a crash diet.
˰׼Ҫʳ
?
crash and burnٵ
To fail utterly.
ʧ
To fall asleep from exhaustion.
ƣ˯
To wipe out, as in skateboarding.
ڻѩ
?
Middle English crasschen ; akin to  probably akin to crasen [to shatter] * see  craze 
йӢ crasschen    crasen [Ūɢ] *μ craze
?
crasher
n.ʣ
?
crash
crash 2
AHD:[kr2sh] 
D.J.[kr#.]
K.K.[kr#.]
n.ʣ
A coarse, light, unevenly woven fabric of cotton or linen, used for towels and curtains.
ֲһ޻鲼֯ɵĴֲڡ֯òƽάë
Starched reinforced fabric used to strengthen a book binding or the spine of a bound book.
棺ڼӹ鱾Ƥ϶鼹ĽӲӺ֯
?
From Russian krashenina [colored linen] 
Դ  krashenina [Ⱦɫ鲼] 
from krashenie [coloring] 
Դ krashenie [ɫ] 
from krasit' [to color] * see  ker- 3
Դ krasit' [ɫ] *μ ker- 3

= =
crawl
crawl 1
AHD:[kr?l] 
D.J.[kr%8l]
K.K.[kr%l]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
crawled,crawl.ing,crawls 
To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground; creep.
Уֻϥҷڵϻƶ
To advance slowly, feebly, laboriously, or with frequent stops:
нѾ򾭳ͣЪǰ
We crawled along until we reached the open road.
ǻУֱһ
To proceed or act servilely.
ϥķУнĵ
To be or feel as if swarming or covered with moving things:
ƺ
The accident scene was crawling with police officers. My flesh crawled in horror.See Synonyms at teem 1
ֳǾ졣ëȻμ teem1
To swim the crawl.
ʽӾ
n.ʣ
The action of moving slowly on the hands or knees or dragging the body along the ground.
УڻϥҷڵϻƶΪ
An extremely slow pace:
ǰУ
Traffic was moving at a crawl.
ڻ䶯
Sports A rapid swimming stroke consisting of alternating overarm strokes and a flutter kick.
˶ ʽӾ˫۳ԲνĶ뼱ٵ˫ȵγɵĿӾ
A set of letters or figures that move across, up, or down a movie or television screen, usually giving information, such as film credits or weather alerts.
ĻڵӰĻϺгֵһĸ֣ͨṩԱԤ֮Ϣ
?
Middle English craulen 
йӢ craulen 
from Old Norse krafla * see  gerbh- 
Դ ˹ά krafla *μ gerbh- 
?
crawlingly
adv.ʣ
?
crawl
crawl 2
AHD:[kr?l] 
D.J.[kr%8l]
K.K.[kr%l]
n.ʣ
A pen in shallow water, as for confining fish or turtles.
أأڹȵǳˮΧ
?
Afrikaans kraal [enclosure for animals] * see  kraal 
ϷǺ kraal [ȦΧ] *μ kraal

= =
crazy
cra.zy
AHD:[kr3z?] 
D.J.[6kre!zi8]
K.K.[6krezi]
adj.ݴʣ
cra.zi.er,cra.zi.est 
Affected with madness; insane.
ģ
Informal Departing from proportion or moderation, especially:
ʽ ΥĻʶȵģָ
Possessed by enthusiasm or excitement:
ȵģ˷ܵģ
The crowd at the game went crazy.
Ⱥÿ
Immoderately fond; infatuated:
簮ģģ
was crazy about boys.
簮к
Intensely involved or preoccupied:
ĵĻģ
is crazy about cars and racing.

Foolish or impractical; senseless:
޴Ļʵʵģģ
a crazy scheme for making quick money.
һ׬Ǯ޴ƻ
n.ʣ
 cra.zies 
One who is or appears insane:
װˣ
To them she is not a brusque crazy, but appropriately passionate(Mary McGrory)
ǿһͻķӣ෴ˡʶȵ顯()
?
like crazyʽ
To an exceeding degree:
ȵģ
They were running around like crazy.

?
crazily
adv.ʣ
craziness
n.ʣ

= =
cream
cream
AHD:[kr?m] 
D.J.[kri8m]
K.K.[krim]
n.ʣ
The yellowish fatty component of unhomogenized milk that tends to accumulate at the surface.
֬Ǿţھۻţ̱Ļɫ֬
Any of various substances resembling or containing cream:
֬κ֬֬ʣ
hand cream.
Һ
Color A pale yellow to yellowish white.
ɫʡ ǳɫɫɫɫɫ
The choicest part:
֣
the cream of the crop.
ѡũ
v.ʣ
creamed,cream.ing,creams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form cream.
֬
To form foam or froth at the top.
ĭγĭ״֮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the cream from; skim.
ƲȥƤƲȡ֬
To select or remove the best part from:
ȡȥľ
Many special schools cream off the highest achievers.
רҵѧУ¼ȡ˳ɼõѧ
To beat into a creamy consistency.
ʹ֬״
To prepare or cook in or with a cream sauce.
֬׼տ
To add cream to.
֬ڡ
Slang To defeat overwhelmingly:
ٵ Ծƻʤ
The home team was creamed last night.
Ծƻʤ
?
Middle English creme 
йӢ creme 
from Old French craime  from Late Latin cr3m [of Celtic origin] 
Դ ŷ craime  Դ  cr3m [ԴڸǶ] 
and from Old French cresme  from Latin chroa [an anointing]  from Greek khrisma [unguent]  from khriein [to anoint] * see  ghr?i- 
Դ ŷ cresme  Դ  chroa [һ]  Դ ϣ khrisma [ҩ࣬͸]  Դ khriein [Ϳڡ] *μ ghr?i- 
?
cream
adj.ݴʣ

= =
create
cre.ate
AHD:[kr?-3t] 
D.J.[kri86e!t]
K.K.[kri6et]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cre.at.ed,cre.at.ing,cre.ates 
To cause to exist; bring into being.See Synonyms at found 1
μ found1
To give rise to; produce:
죺
That remark created a stir.
һɧ
To invest with an office or title; appoint.
ְλͷΣ
To produce through artistic or imaginative effort:
ͨ죺
create a poem; create a role.
һʫһɫ
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Created.

?
Middle English createn 
йӢ createn 
from Latin cre3e  cre3t- * see  ker- 2
Դ  cre3e  cre3t- *μ ker- 2

= =
creation
cre.a.tion
AHD:[kr?-3shn] 
D.J.[kri86e!.*n]
K.K.[kri6e.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of creating.
죬Ϊ
The fact or state of having been created.
죺ʵ״̬
The act of investing with a new office or title.
ְλͷ
The world and all things in it.
磬棺
All creatures or a class of creatures.
еһ
Creation Theology The act of God by which the world was brought into existence. Often used withthe.  
 Creation ѧ أϵ۴Ϊ붨ڴthe  
An original product of human invention or artistic imagination:
Ʒǻ۲ǻۻԭʼƷ
the latest creation in the field of computer design.
´
?
creational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
creative
cre.a.tive
AHD:[kr?-3t1v] 
D.J.[kri86e!t!v]
K.K.[kri6et!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the ability or power to create:
ģԵģдģ
Human beings are creative animals.
дĶ
Productive; creating.
ܲģ
Characterized by originality and expressiveness; imaginative:
ģԶͱΪģģ
creative writing.
дд
n.ʣ
One who displays productive originality:
չִ¾ˣ
the creatives in the advertising department.
沿д˲
?
creatively
adv.ʣ
creativity
AHD:[-1-t?]   cre.ative.ness ʣ

= =
creature
crea.ture
AHD:[kr?chr] 
D.J.[6kri8t.*]
K.K.[6krit.+]
n.ʣ
Something created.

A living being, especially an animal.
ָ
A human being.

One dependent on or subservient to another; a tool.
ܣΪ߻ʹߣ
?
creatural
adj.ݴʣ
creatureliness
n.ʣ
creaturely
adj.ݴʣ

= =
credit
cred.it
AHD:[krd1t] 
D.J.[6kred!t]
K.K.[6krWd!t]
n.Abbr. cr.ʣд cr.
Belief or confidence in the truth of something.See Synonyms at belief 
ģΣĳʵԵλĲμ belief
A reputation for sound character or quality; standing.
ɿƷʶõ
A source of honor or distinction:
ٻԴ
She is a credit to her family.
Ϊͥ˹
Approval for an act, ability, or quality; praise:
ͬĳһΪͬ
Why should he get all the credit?
Ϊʲôܵ˵?
Influence based on the good opinion or confidence of others.
кøлεĻܵӰ
Often credits An acknowledgment of work done, as in the production of a motion picture or publication:
  credits лڵӰжԹɵл
At the end of the film we stayed to watch the credits.
Ӱл
Official certification or recognition that a student has successfully completed a course of study:
ѧּ֤飺ѧԲĳһѧƵʽ֤ȷϣ
He received full credit for his studies at a previous school.
һǰѧУȡпγ̵ѧ
A unit of study so certified:
ѧ֣ɴ֤ѧƵѧϰ
This course carries three credits.
ſγѧ
Reputation for solvency and integrity entitling a person to be trusted in buying or borrowing:
ãĳ˵֤ʱε峥ͳʵϵ
You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good.
ãҪȡʴûʲô
An arrangement for deferred payment of a loan or purchase:
ǷĳһڸԼ
a store that offers credit; bought my stereo on credit.
ṩʵ̵ꣻ޹һ̨
The terms governing such an arrangement:
ǷԼ
low prices and easy credit.
ͼ۶׵Ŵ
The time allowed for deferred payment:
Ƿڣӻڣڸʱ䣺
an automatic 30-day credit on all orders.
еĶ30Ľɿӻ
Accounting 
ѧ 
The deduction of a payment made by a debtor from an amount due.
۳Ƿծ˴ӦĿеĸ۳
The right-hand side of an account on which such amounts are entered.
Ŀһʻҷ
An entry or the sum of the entries on this side.
ǣһļ
The positive balance or amount remaining in a person's account.
ĳʻϵĿ
A credit line.
޶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cred.it.ed,cred.it.ing,cred.its 
To believe in; trust:
ţΣ
She refused steadfastly to credit the reports of his death(Agatha Christie)
ܾѶ(ɯ˹)
To regard as having performed an action or being endowed with a quality:
ʹСΪִһжĳʣ
had to credit them with good intentions.
Ǻõ
To ascribe to a person; attribute:
ѡĳˣΪڡ
credit the invention to him.See Synonyms at attribute 
鹦μ attribute
Accounting 
ѧ 
To enter as a credit:
ʻĴ
credited $500 to her account.
500ԪĴ
To make a credit entry in:
ڡϴǣ
credit an account.
Ŀ
To give or award an educational credit to.
ϵ
Archaic To bring honor or distinction to.
 Ϊ⣬
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian credito 
Դ  credito 
from Latin cr?m [loan] [from neuter past participle of] cr?dere [to entrust] * see  kerd- 
Դ  cr?m []  [] Դcr?dereԹȥִ [ί] *μ kerd- 

= =
creep
creep
AHD:[kr?p] 
D.J.[kri8p]
K.K.[krip]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
crept[krpt] creep.ing,creeps 
To move with the body close to the ground, as on hands and knees.
룬УŵУֺϥ
To move stealthily or cautiously.
ǰܵػƶ
To move or proceed very slowly:
УУǳƶǰ
Traffic creeps at that hour.
ʱ̽ͨ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
To grow or spread along a surface, rooting at intervals or clinging by means of suckers or tendrils.
һξĸͨϵ
To grow horizontally under the ground, as the rhizomes of many plants.
ֲĸڵصº
To slip out of place; shift gradually.
ĵ߳ĳƶ
To have a tingling sensation, made by or as if by things moving stealthily:
жƺжڻƶĸо
a moan that made my flesh creep.
ľ
n.ʣ
The act of creeping; a creeping motion or progress.
УеĶеƻ
Slang An annoyingly unpleasant or repulsive person.
ٵ ļһһġζĻ𷴸е
A slow flow of metal when under high temperature or great pressure.
䣺ڸ»ѹµĻ
A slow change in a characteristic of electronic equipment, such as a decrease in power with continued usage.
䣺ԲĻ仯ʹöɵĹ½
Geology The slow movement of rock debris and soil down a weathered slope.
ѧ 䶯ʯƬܷʴĻ»ƶ
creeps Informal A sensation of fear or repugnance, as if things were crawling on one's skin:
 creeps ʽ ֣սжƤƵĺ»ĸо
That house gives me the creeps.
ʹëȻ
?
Middle English crepen 
йӢ crepen 
from Old English cr?n 
Դ Ӣ cr?n 

= =
crew
crew 1
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kru8]
K.K.[kru]
n.ʣ
A group of people working together; a gang:
һȺһһȺͬˣһˣ
a crew of stagehands.
һȺ̨Ա
A group of people gathered together temporarily; a crowd.
ȺһȺʱۼһˣȺ
All personnel operating or serving aboard a ship.
ȫ崬Աڴϲȫ幤Ա
All of a ship's personnel except the officers.
ȫˮ֣߼Աȫˮ
All personnel operating or serving aboard an aircraft in flight.
ȫԱڷɻвȫ幤Ա
Sports A team of rowers, as of a racing shell.
˶ ߣһ黮ߣͧϵĻ
The sport of rowing.
˶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
crewed,crew.ing,crews 
To serve as a member of a crew:
ԱԱ
crewed for my sister on a sloop; a spacecraft that was crewed by a team of eight people.
ҽĵΦϳ䵱ԱһҰ˸Աķɴ
?
Middle English creue [military reinforcement] 
йӢ creue [ǿ] 
from Old French creue [increase] [from feminine past participle of] creistre [to grow] 
Դ ŷ creue []  [] ԴcreistreԹȥִ [] 
from Latin cr?e * see  ker- 2
Դ  cr?e *μ ker- 2
?
crew
crew 2
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kru8]
K.K.[kru]
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
A past tense of crow 2
 crowĹȥʽ2

= =
cricket
cricket 1
AHD:[kr1k1t] 
D.J.[6kr!k!t]
K.K.[6kr!k!t]
n.ʣ
Any of various insects of the family Gryllidae, having long antennae and legs adapted for leaping. The males of many species produce a shrill chirping sound by rubbing the front wings 
together.
󰣺һƵ棬óԾĳǺȡͨͬʱĦǰ
?
Middle English criket 
йӢ criket 
from Old French criquet 
Դ ŷ criquet 
from criquer [to click] 
Դ criquer [] 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
cricket
cricket 2
AHD:[kr1k1t] 
D.J.[6kr!k!t]
K.K.[6kr!k!t]
n.ʣ
Sports An outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets by two teams of 11 players each.
˶ ÿӷֱ11˵֧ġŽбϷ
Good sportsmanship and fair conduct:
˶Ա£õ˶ԱƷ͹Ϊ
It's not cricket to cheat at cards.
ʱǧ˾Ϊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
crick.et.ed,crick.et.ing,crick.ets ˶ 
To play the game of cricket.

?
Obsolete French criquet [piece of wood] 
ѷϷ criquet [ľƬ] 
from Old French [stick for a bowling game] 
Դ ŷ [ͶϷõľ] 
perhaps from Middle Dutch cricke [walking stick] 
Դ йź cricke [] 
?
cricketer  
cricketeer
AHD:[-1-t?r] ʣ
?
cricket
cricket 3
AHD:[kr1k1t] 
D.J.[6kr!k!t]
K.K.[6kr!k!t]
n.ʣ
A small wooden footstool.
Сľŵ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
crime
crime
AHD:[krom] 
D.J.[kra!m]
K.K.[kra!m]
n.ʣ
An act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction.
Υɻɽֹ»Ҫ²˱жǿӳͷΪ
Unlawful activity:
Ƿ
statistics relating to violent crime.
ڷǷеͳ
A serious offense, especially one in violation of morality.See Synonyms at offense 
УһعָΥ׼Ϊμ offense
An unjust, senseless, or disgraceful act or condition:
һֲġ޴Ļ򲻹ʵΪ״
It's a crime to squander our country's natural resources.
˷ǹҵȻԴһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cron * see  krei- 
Դ  cron *μ krei- 

= =
criminal
crim.i.nal
AHD:[kr1m-nl] 
D.J.[6kr!m*n*l]
K.K.[6kr!m*n*l]
adj.Abbr. crim.ݴʣд crim.
Of, involving, or having the nature of crime:
ģġ֮йصĻзʵģ
criminal abuse.
Ű
Relating to the administration of penal law.
µģ̷ʵʩйص
Guilty of crime.
е
Characteristic of a criminal.
ﷸ
Shameful; disgraceful:
ɳܵģʵģ
a criminal waste of talent.
ƽ˷ɳ
n.ʣ
One that has committed or been legally convicted of a crime.
ﷸлж
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French criminel 
Դ ŷ criminel 
from Late Latin cro3lis} 
Դ  cro3lis} 
from Latin cron  cromin- [accusation] * see  crime 
Դ  cron  cromin- [ظ] *μ crime
?
criminally
adv.ʣ

= =
cripple
crip.ple
AHD:[kr1pl] 
D.J.[6kr!p*l]
K.K.[6kr!p*l]
n.ʣ
One that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs:
˲ˣ˲жӣ֫岿˲߻޷ʹ֫ߣ
cannot race a horse that is a cripple.
һƥ
A damaged or defective object or device.
ȱ𻵵Ļȱݵ豸
v.tr.ﶯʣ
crip.pled,crip.pling,crip.ples 
To cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs.
ʹ²Уʹˣʹ޷ʹ
To disable, damage, or impair the functioning of:
𻵣ɥʧ𻵻Ĺܣ
a strike that crippled the factory.
չʹ̱
?
Middle English crepel 
йӢ crepel 
from Old English crypel 
Դ Ӣ crypel 
?
crippler
n.ʣ

= =
crisis
cri.sis
AHD:[kros1s] 
D.J.[6kra!s!s]
K.K.[6kra!s!s]
n.ʣ
 cri.ses[-s?z]  
A crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning point.
ؼʱ̣ʱ̣ת۵
An unstable condition, as in political, social, or economic affairs, involving an impending abrupt or decisive change.
ΣΡ򾭼õȷİٵͻȻ仯Ա仯Ĳȶ״̬
A sudden change in the course of a disease or fever, toward either improvement or deterioration.
鼱תڼչвתû񻯵һͻȻת
An emotionally stressful event or a traumatic change in a person's life.
ת۵㣬䣺һ˵ʹиѹ¼ʹܴת
A point in a story or drama when a conflict reaches its highest tension and must be resolved.
ӣҪͷС˵Ϸгͻﵽ״̬ԼԽת۵
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
Σԣһʣ
crisis intervention; crisis planning.
ΣͣԲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from krinein [to separate] * see  krei- 
Դ krinein [] *μ krei- 
?
crisis,crossroad,exigency,head,juncture,pass
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a critical point or state of affairs: 
Ще˼ǡ¼Σʱ̻״̬ 
a military crisis;
Σ
government policy at the crossroad;
شʱ̵ߣ
had failed to predict the health-care exigency;
ûԤ⵽Ľ
a problem that is coming to a head;
ü޵⣻
negotiations that had reached a crucial juncture;
ߵؼʱ̵̸У
things rapidly coming to a desperate pass. 
Σ״¼ 

= =
crisp
crisp
AHD:[kr1sp] 
D.J.[kr!sp]
K.K.[kr!sp]
adj.ݴʣ
crisp.er,crisp.est 
Firm but easily broken or crumbled; brittle:
ģӲģģ
crisp potato chips.
ɴƬ
Pleasingly firm and fresh:
۵ģӲʵģ
crisp carrot and celery sticks.
۵ĺܲ۲˹
Bracing; invigorating:
ˬģģ
crisp mountain air.
ˬɽ
Lively; sprightly:
õģģ
music with a crisp rhythm.

Conspicuously clean or new:
ոµģԸɾĻµģ
a crisp dollar bill.
һոµ
Marked by clarity, conciseness, and briskness:
ɴģġĺͻõģ
a crisp reply.See Synonyms at incisive 
һɾĻشμ incisive
Having small curls, waves, or ripples.
ģ˵ģС˻
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
crisped,crisp.ing,crisps 
To make or become crisp.
ʹ
n.ʣ
Something crisp or easily crumbled:
ɴɴĻĶ
The roast was burned to a crisp.
˾ըִ
A dessert of fruit baked with a sweet, crumbly topping:
ˮ㣺ǹƵϲɴˮ㣺
apple crisp.
ƻڱ
Chiefly British A potato chip.
Ӣ ըƬըƬ
?
Middle English [curly] 
йӢ [] 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin crispus * see  sker- 2
Դ  crispus *μ sker- 2
?
crisply
adv.ʣ
crispness
n.ʣ

= =
criterion
cri.te.ri.on
AHD:[kro-t?r?-n] 
D.J.[kra!6t!*ri8*n]
K.K.[kra!6t!ri*n]
n.ʣ
 cri.te.ri.a[-t?r?-]   cri.te.ri.ons  
A standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based.See Synonyms at standard 
׼һֻжϻı׼׼Բμ standard
?
Greek krit?n 
ϣ krit?n 
from krit?s [judge] 
Դ krit?s [ж] 
from krinein [to separate, judge] * see  krei- 
Դ krinein [֣ж] *μ krei- 
?
criterial
AHD:[-l] ݴʣ
?
Like the analogous etymological pluralsagenda  and data, criteria is widely used as a singular form. Unlike them, however, it is not yet acceptable in that use.
ԴƵĸagenda  data һ criteria㷺ʹá Ȼǲͬǣ÷δ

= =
critic
crit.ic
AHD:[kr1t1k] 
D.J.[6kr!t!k]
K.K.[6kr!t!k]
n.ʣ
One who forms and expresses judgments of the merits, faults, value, or truth of a matter.
ۼңγɲĳһŵ㡢󡢼ֵʵԵжϵ
Abbr. crit.One who specializes especially professionally in the evaluation and appreciation of literary or artistic works:
д crit.ѧۼңָרԶѧƷۻΪְҵˣ
a film critic; a dance critic.
Ӱۼң赸ͼ
One who tends to make harsh or carping judgments; a faultfinder.
޵ˣϰĻ۵ˣë
?
Latin criticus 
 criticus 
from Greek kritikos [able to discern] 
Դ ϣ kritikos [ܱ] 
from krit?s [judge] 
Դ krit?s [ж] 
from krinein [to separate, judge] * see  krei- 
Դ krinein [֣ж] *μ krei- 

= =
critical
crit.i.cal
AHD:[kr1t1-kl] 
D.J.[6kr!t!k*l]
K.K.[6kr!t!k*l]
adj.Abbr. crit.ݴʣд crit.
Inclined to judge severely and find fault.
޵ģڽкҲ
Characterized by careful, exact evaluation and judgment:
жϵģۺжϸµĲȷеģ
a critical reading.
жĶ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of critics or criticism:
ģ漰ǻģ
critical acclaim; a critical analysis of Melville's writings.
ĺȲʣ׶άƷԷ
Forming or having the nature of a turning point; crucial or decisive:
Ҫģؼģγɻת۵ʵģؼԵĻԵģ
a critical point in the campaign.
Ҫһ
Of or relating to a medical crisis:
Σģڻϵ鼱תģ
an illness at the critical stage.
Σڵļ
Being or relating to a grave physical condition especially of a patient.
صģָ˴ڻ漰ص״
Indispensable; essential:
زٵģģ
a critical element of the plan; a second income that is critical to the family's well-being.
ƻеıҪԼͥİбҪĵڶ
Being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency:
صģڻӽΣ״ģ
a critical shortage of food.
ضȱʳ
Fraught with danger or risk; perilous.
Σյģðյģٻ
Mathematics Of or relating to a point at which a curve has a maximum, minimum, or point of inflection.
ѧ ٽģڻϵС۵һ
Chemistry Physics Of or relating to the value of a measurement, such as temperature, at which an abrupt change in a quality, property, or state occurs:
ѧ ѧ ٽģڻϵܻͻȻ仯¶ȵȵĲֵģ
A critical temperature of water is 100=C, its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.
ڱ׼ѹ£ˮķеΪ100=C
Physics Capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction.
ѧ ٽģܹάʽ˷Ӧ
?
critically
adv.ʣ
criticalness
n.ʣ
?
critical,captious,censorious,faultfinding,hypercritical
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is tending or marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡзֺǿȱݵġ 
a critical attitude;
޵̬ȣ
a captious pedant;
ëõĿ̸ң
censorious of petty failings;
Сȱģ
an excessively demanding and faultfinding tutor;
һȿ̺޵ĵʦ
hypercritical of colloquial speech. uncritical 
Կڿ uncritical

= =
criticism
crit.i.cism
AHD:[kr1t1-s1zm] 
D.J.[6kr!t!7s!z*m]
K.K.[6kr!t!7s!z*m]
n.Abbr. crit.ʣд crit.
The act of criticizing, especially adversely.
ΪΪָѺõΪ
A critical comment or judgment.
УԵۻж
The art, skill, or profession of making discriminating judgments and evaluations, especially of literary or other artistic works.
ָۣѧƷмʶжϺ۷ջְҵ
A review or article expressing such judgment and evaluation.
£жϺ۵
Detailed investigation of the origin and history of literary documents, such as the Bible.
֤ѧ硶ʥĳʷϸ

= =
criticize
crit.i.cize
AHD:[kr1t1-soz] 
D.J.[6kr!t!7sa!z]
K.K.[6kr!t!7sa!z]
v.ʣ
crit.i.cized,crit.i.ciz.ing,crit.i.ciz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To find fault with:
ޣ
criticized the decision as unrealistic.See Usage Note at critique 
ǲʵʵĲμ critique
To judge the merits and faults of; analyze and evaluate.
ۡŵȱ㣻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act as a critic.

?
criticizable
adj.ݴʣ
criticizer
n.ʣ
?
criticize,blame,reprehend,censure,condemn,denounce
These verbs are compared as they mean to express an unfavorable judgment.
Щڱжϵ˼ʱȽϡ
 Criticize   can mean merely to evaluate good and bad points without necessarily finding fault: 
 Criticize  һʿָֻۺõķͲķ棬һз֮⣺ 
To criticize is to appreciate, to appropriate, to take intellectual possession  (Henry James).Usually, however, the word implies the expression of disapproval: 
 ȥζȥ͡Ųáռ֪ʶƸ  ղķ˹Ȼͨвͬ˼ 
The reviewer roundly criticized the novel.
ۼֱԲⱾС˵
Blame   emphasizes the finding of fault and the fixing of responsibility: 
Blame  ǿ˷Ѻ͸ε˼ 
People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are  (George Bernard Shaw).
 ǾʹǳΪӵΧ  Ρɣ
 Reprehend   implies sharp disapproval: 
 Reprehend  ǿҷԵ˼ 
reprehends students who have protested apartheid  (New York Times).
 ǴЩߵѧ  ŦԼʱ
 Censure   refers to open and strong expression of criticism;often it implies a formal reprimand: 
 Censure  ָǹǿҵ֮⣻ͨʽǴ˼ 
No man can justly censure or condemn another,because indeed no man truly knows another  (Thomas Browne).
ûܹؿǴˣΪʵûܹ˽ˡ  ˹ʣ
 Condemn   denotes the pronouncement of harshly adverse judgment: 
 Condemn  ʾǶʮֲжϵ֮⣺ 
The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot 
survive their being repeated  (Robert H. Jackson).
 ͼǴͳͷЩ˵ع⡢кƻԣ޷ǱԲƣΪ޷ظҴ桱  ޲ءHܿ
ѷ
 Denounce   implies public proclamation of condemnation or repudiation: 
 Denounce  жǴ񶨵Ĺ֮⣺ 
The press denounces clandestine support for the counterrevolution. 
Žʹ˶Էİ֧ 

= =
crop
crop
AHD:[kr?p] 
D.J.[krKp]
K.K.[kr$p]
n.ʣ
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or fruit.
ׯڣֲֲũƷ߲˻ˮ
The total yield of such produce in a particular season or place.
ճɣĳһڻƷܲ
A group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time:
һȺһ飺ͬʱӿֵһһȺһϵУ
a crop of new ideas.
һ˼
A short haircut.
ƽͷ
An earmark on an animal.
ӡ
A short whip used in horseback riding, with a loop serving as a lash.
ޣһû״ҵõĶ̱
The stock of a whip.
ޱ
Zoology 
ѧ 
A pouchlike enlargement of a bird's gullet in which food is partially digested or stored for regurgitation to nestlings.
ңʳܲλ״󲿷֣ʳвʳзۻιʳ
A similar enlargement in the digestive tract of annelids and insects.
٣ڶе󲿷
v.ʣ
cropped,crop.ping,crops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut or bite off the tops or ends of:
޼ȥȥĶĩң
crop a hedge; sheep cropping grass.
޼飻гݵȺ
To cut (hair, for example) very short.
̣ͷȣúܶ
To clip (an animal's ears, for example).
Ķȣ
To trim (a photograph or picture, for example).
ޣޣƬͼ
To harvest:
ոջ
crop salmon.
Բ
To cause to grow or yield a crop.
ʹʹճ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feed on growing grasses and herbage.
ݣеĲݺֲΪʳ
To plant, grow, or yield a crop.
ֲ
?
crop up
To appear unexpectedly or occasionally:
֣żȻ֣
one of the many theories that keep cropping up in his story(Christopher Lehmann-Haupt)
һĹвֵۡ(˹з)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cropp [ear of grain] 
Դ Ӣ cropp [] 

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cross
cross
AHD:[kr?s, kr?s] 
D.J.[kr%8s, krKs]
K.K.[kr%s, kr$s]
n.ʣ
An upright post with a transverse piece near the top, on which condemned persons were executed in ancient times.
ʮּܣһڽӽ˵طڹŴ
Often Cross The upright post with a transverse piece upon which Jesus was crucified.
  Cross ʮּܣҮձʮּ
A symbolic representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified.
ʮּϵͼҮձʮּܵͼ
A crucifix.
ʮּܣΪʮּ
A sign made by tracing the outline of a cross with the right hand upon the forehead and chest as a devotional act.
ʮ֣һַǰǰʮʾϵ
A trial, affliction, or frustration.See Synonyms at burden 1
Уĥѣ۲μ burden1
A medal, emblem, or insignia in the form of an upright post with a transverse piece near the top of it, or a modification thereto.
ʮѫ£ýӽĵطϵһ״Ƴɵѫ»»ɴ˼װε
A mark or pattern formed by the intersection of two lines, especially such a mark (X) used as a signature.
ʮμǺţɵļǺŻ״ָǩֵһţX
A pipe fitting with four branches in upright and transverse form, used as a junction for intersecting pipes.
ʮֹܣĸʺֹܵĹӣᴩӵ
Biology 
ѧ 
A plant or animal produced by crossbreeding; a hybrid.
֣ӽɵֲ
The process of crossbreeding; hybridization.
ӽ̣ӽ
One that combines the qualities of two other things:
ںʵĶ
a novel that is a cross between romance and satire.
ڴͷ֮С˵
Slang A contest whose outcome has been dishonestly prearranged.
ٵ ƭԱʤѾԤȶõĲ
v.ʣ
crossed,cross.ing,cross.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go or extend across; pass from one side of to the other:
ԽԽһԽһߣ
crossed the room to greet us; a bridge that crosses the bay.
ǱʾӭԽ
To carry or conduct across something:
ѡ˹ѡ
crossed the horses at the ford.
ǳ̲
To extend or pass through or over; intersect:
磬Խ롭ཻ
Elm Street crosses Oak Street.
ֺཻ
To delete or eliminate by or as if by drawing a line through:
߻ƺúɾȥ
crossed tasks off her list as she did them.
ıϻɵ
To make or put a line across:
ڣ
Cross your t's.
дtʱһ
To place crosswise one over the other:
ãĳʮεطһϣ
cross one's legs.
˫
To make the sign of the cross upon or over as a sign of devotion.
ʮ֣ڡϻʮʾ
To encounter in passing:
롭
His path crossed mine.
ҽ
Informal 
ʽ 
To interfere with; thwart or obstruct:
棻ӣ
Don't cross me.
Ҫͬ
To ruin completely. Used withup : 
׻up ã 
Their lack of cooperation crossed up the whole project.
ȱƻ
Biology To crossbreed or cross-fertilize (plants or animals).
ѧ ӽʹֲӽܾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie or pass across each other; intersect.
Уཻû򾭹
To move or extend from one side to another:
ɣһƶԽһ
crossed through Canada en route to Alaska.
ᴩôȥ˹
To make a crossing:
Խ
crossed into Germany from Switzerland.
Խʿ߾¹
To change from one condition or loyalty to another. Used withover.  
꣬Ͷĳһ״ĳһתһ״̬һover  
To meet in or as if in passing:

Our letters must have crossed in the mail.
ǵһʼ;л
Biology To crossbreed or cross-fertilize.
ѧ ӽܾ
adj.ݴʣ
Lying or passing crosswise; intersecting:
õģģģ
a cross street.
·
Contrary or counter; opposing.
෴ģģԵ
Showing ill humor; annoyed.
Ƣģŭ
Involving interchange; reciprocal.
漰ģ໥
Crossbred; hybrid.
ӽģֵ
adv.ʣ
Crosswise.
ʮε
prep.ʣ
Across.
Խ
?
cross (someone's) palm
To pay, tip, or bribe.
ǮСѣ¸
cross swords
To quarrel or fight.

?
Middle English cros 
йӢ cros 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
probably from Old Norse kross 
Դ ˹ά kross 
from Old Irish cros 
Դ Ű cros 
from Latin crux 
Դ  crux 
?
crosser
n.ʣ
crossly
adv.ʣ
crossness
n.ʣ
?
Cross
CrossWilbur Lucius (1862-1948)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician and educator who was editor of theYale Review  (1911-1940) and governor of Connecticut (1931-1939). 
˹¬˹(1862-1948) μҺͽңǡҮ³ۡ ı༭(1911-1940꣩ǿҸݵݳ(1931-1939꣩ 

= =
crow
crow 1
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kr*&]
K.K.[kro]
n.ʣ
Any of several large, glossy, black birds of the genusCorvus,  having a characteristic raucous call, especially C. brachyrhynchos  of North America. 
ѻһѻ Ĵ͵ġɫܷ࣬˻Ƶнָڱ޵ ѻ  
A crowbar.

?
as the crow flies
In a straight line.
ֱߵ
?
Middle English croue 
йӢ croue 
from Old English cr3e * see  ger- 2
Դ Ӣ cr3e *μ ger- 2
?
crow
crow 2
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kr*&]
K.K.[kro]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
crowed,crow.ing,crows 
To utter the shrill cry characteristic of a cock or rooster.
䣺еļ
To exult loudly, as over another's defeat; boast.See Synonyms at boast 1
꣺˶μ boast1
To make a sound expressive of pleasure or well-being, characteristic of an infant.
УӤƵطʾûҸ
n.ʣ
The shrill cry of a cock.
䣺ļ
An inarticulate sound expressive of pleasure or delight.
ʾûϲĿڳݲ
?
Middle English crouen 
йӢ crouen 
from Old English cr3n * see  ger- 2
Դ Ӣ cr3n *μ ger- 2
?
Crow
Crow 1
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kr*&]
K.K.[kro]
n.ʣ
 Crow  Crows  
A Native American people formerly inhabiting an area of the northern Great Plains between the Platte and Yellowstone rivers, now located in southeast Montana. The Crow became 
nomadic buffalo hunters after migrating west from the Missouri River in North Dakota in the 18th century.
壺һԭȾסڴƽԭغӺͻʯ֮ĳӡڰ壬ֲַɴݵĶϲ18ɱݵǨԺ󣬳Ϊ
һԲҰţ
A member of this people.

The Siouan language of the Crow.Also called  Absaroke 
õҲ  Absaroke
?
Crow
Crow 2
AHD:[kr?] 
D.J.[kr*&]
K.K.[kro]
n.ʣ
See  Corvus 
μ  Corvus

= =
crowd
crowd 1
AHD:[kroud] 
D.J.[kra&d]
K.K.[kra&d]
n.ʣ
A large number of persons gathered together; a throng.
ȺۼһĿڶˣȺ
The common people; the populace.
ƽգ
A group of people united by a common characteristic, as age, interest, or vocation:
Ⱥйͬ䡢ȤְҵһȺˣ
the over-30 crowd.
30Ⱥ
A group of people attending a public function; an audience:
ڣμӹһȺˣڣ
The play drew a small but appreciative crowd.
ⳡϷΪ൫мĹ
A large number of things positioned or considered together.
ѣһĻΪһණ
v.ʣ
crowd.ed,crowd.ing,crowds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To congregate in a restricted area; throng:
ۼ޵ĿռۼȺ
The children crowded around the TV.
ǾۼڵӻΧ
To advance by pressing or shoving:
Ƽͨѹǰ
A bevy of reporters crowded toward the candidate.
һȺӿѡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To force by or as if by pressing or shoving:
ƼѹƻѹƱȣ
Police crowded the spectators back to the viewing stand. Urban sprawl crowded the small farmers out of the immediate area.
ǿаѹƻعϯҵŽũǼ
To draw or stand near to:
վڡԣ
The batter crowded the plate.
߿ݰվ
To press, cram, or force tightly together:
ذѡѹһ
crowded the clothes into the closet.
·¹
To fill or occupy to overflowing:
װڹʣ
Books crowded the shelves.
϶
Informal To put pressure on, as to pay a debt.
ʽ ȣԡʩѹ
?
crowd (on) sail
To spread a large amount of sail to increase speed.
﷫٣ڶķ緫Լʻ
?
From Middle English crowden [to crowd] 
Դ йӢ crowden [ۼ] 
from Old English cr?n [to hasten] 
Դ Ӣ cr?n [ߴ] 
?
crowder
n.ʣ
?
crowd,crush,flock,horde,mob,press,throng
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a large group of people gathered close to one another: 
Щʹе˼ǡۼһĻӽһȺˡ 
a crowd of well-wishers;
һȺʾףԸˣ
a crush of autograph seekers;
ѰױǩȺ
a flock of schoolchildren;
һȺѧ
a horde of demonstrators;
һȺʾߣ
a mob of hard-rock enthusiasts;
һȺҡֵڣ
a press of shoppers;
һߣ
throngs of tourists. 
һȺ 
?
crowd
crowd 2
AHD:[kroud, kr?d] 
D.J.[kra&d, kru8d]
K.K.[kra&d, krud]
n.ʣ
Music An ancient Celtic stringed instrument that was bowed or plucked.Also called  crwth 
֡ ³˹٣һֹŴõĹҵҲ  crwth
Chiefly British A fiddle.
Ӣ С
?
Middle English croud 
йӢ croud 
from Welsh crwth [hump, crowd] 
Դ ʿ crwth [ձȺ] 

= =
crown
crown
AHD:[kroun] 
D.J.[kra&n]
K.K.[kra&n]
n.Abbr. cr.ʣд cr.
An ornamental circlet or head covering, often made of precious metal set with jewels and worn as a symbol of sovereignty.
ڣһֻͷףͨùؽɲ鱦ΪȨ
Often Crown 
  Crown 
The power, position, or empire of a monarch or of a state governed by constitutional monarchy.
ȨλܾͳεȨλ
The monarch as head of state.
ΪԪ׵ľ
A distinction or reward for achievement, especially a title signifying championship in a sport.
йõ£ָб־ھĳƺ
Something resembling a diadem in shape.
״״ڵĶ
A coin stamped with a crown or crowned head on one side.
ʣĳһӡڻڵͷӲ
A silver coin formerly used in Great Britain and worth five shillings.
ǰӢʹֵΪ
Any one of several coins, such as the koruna, the krona, or the krone, having a name that means crown.
ʣΪڡ֮Ӳͳƣ̽˿ʡʻʵ
A basic unit of currency in Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.See table at currency 
ʣһֽݿ˹工ˡ󡢱ŲȹĻһλμ currency
The top or highest part of the head.
ͷͷĶ߲
The head itself.
ͷ
The top or upper part of a hat.
ññӵĶϲ
The highest point or summit.
ߵ㣬
The highest, primary, or most valuable part, attribute, or state:
мֵߣߵġҪĻмֵĲ֡Ի״̬
considered the rare Turkish stamp the crown of their collection.
öƱղƷеļƷ
Dentistry 
ѧ 
The part of a tooth that is covered by enamel and projects beyond the gum line.
ݹڣ¶ġʸǵǲ
An artificial substitute for the natural crown of a tooth.
ٳݹڣȻݹڵƷ
Nautical The lowest part of an anchor, where the arms are joined to the shank.
 êڣê²Ҳêۺêϵĵط
Botany 
ֲѧ 
The upper part of a tree, which includes the branches and leaves.
ڣϲ֦Ҷ
The part of a plant, usually at ground level, where the stem and roots merge.
ͨλڵġ͸ϵֲǲ
The persistent, mostly underground base of a perennial herb.
޸ݱֲͨλڵصµ޴
See  corona 
μ  corona 
The crest of an animal, especially of a bird.
ڣڣָ
The portion of a cut gem above the girdle.
棺¶Ƕװǲѵıʯ
v.ʣ
crowned,crown.ing,crowns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a crown or garland on the head of.
᣺ڡͷϴڻ򻨹
To invest with regal power; enthrone.
ǻΪʹλ
To confer honor, dignity, or reward upon.
ƺţ轱
To surmount or be the highest part of.
ռݡĶΪ߲
To form the crown, top, or chief ornament of.
ӶǣγɡڡҪ
To bring to completion or successful conclusion; consummate:
ʹɣԲʵ֣
crowned the event with a lavish reception.
һԷʢдβ
Dentistry To put a crown on (a tooth).
ѧ ݹڣΪݣݹ
Games To make (a piece in checkers that has reached the last row) into a king by placing another piece upon it.
Ϸ ʹռλһöʹһöѵն˵ӣΪ
Informal To hit on the head.
ʽ 򡭵ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reach a stage in labor when a large segment of the fetal scalp is visible at the vaginal orifice. Used of a fetus or the head of a fetus.
¶а̥ͷǵĴ󲿷ֳڵĽ׶Ρָ̥̥ͷ
?
Middle English crowne 
йӢ crowne 
from Anglo-Norman coroune 
Դ Ӣ coroune 
from Latin cor?a [wreath, garland, crown] 
Դ  cor?a [Ȧڣʹ] 
from Greek kor??, kor?na} [anything curved, kind of crown] 
Դ ϣ kor??, kor?na} [״] 
from kor?s [curved] * see  sker- 2
Դ kor?s [] *μ sker- 2

= =
crucial
cru.cial
AHD:[kr?shl] 
D.J.[6kru8.*l]
K.K.[6kru.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely significant or important:
ؼԵģҪģҪģ
a crucial problem.
ؼԵ
Vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive:
ԵģĳһΣĽҪõģԵģ
a crucial election.See Synonyms at decisive 
ѡٲμ decisive
Archaic Having the form of a cross; cross-shaped.
 ʮεģʮ״ģʮε
?
From New Latin (instantia) crucis, (experimentum) crucis [crossroads (case), crossroads (experiment)] 
Դ ִ (instantia) crucis, (experimentum) crucis [ؼԣؼԣʵ飩] 
from Latin crux  cruc- [cross] 
Դ  crux  cruc- [ʮּ] 
Sense 2, French 
2  
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin crux  cruc- [cross] 
Դ  crux  cruc- [ʮּ] 
?
crucially
adv.ʣ
?
A crucial election is like a signpost because it shows which way the electorate is moving. The metaphor of a signpost, in fact, gives us the sense of the wordcrucial,  of supreme 
importance, critical. Francis Bacon used the phraseinstantia crucis,  crucial instance, to refer to something in an experiment that proves one of two hypotheses and disproves the 
other. Bacon's phrase was based on a sense of the Latin wordcrux,  cross, which had come to mean a guidepost that gives directions at a place where one road becomes two,
and hence was suitable for Bacon's metaphor.Both Robert Boyle, often called the father of modern chemistry, and Isaac Newton used the similar Latin phraseexperimentum crucis,  
crucial experiment. When these phrases were translated into English,they becamecrucial instance  and crucial experiment.  
ѡپ·һΪʾȫѡ·һʵǱʾcrucial һʵ塰ҪģؼԵġ ˹instantia crucis 
ؼӡһָĳһʵ֤֮һȷһĶ һǻcrux ʮΡ˼֮ϵģ ˼Ϊһ·Ϊ
·ĵطָʾ·ꡱһͨΪִѧ֮޲ءͰˡţٶùexperimentum crucis ؼʵ顱һ
Ƶ顣 Щ鱻Ӣ󣬾ͳcrucial instance  crucial experiment  

= =
crude
crude
AHD:[kr?d] 
D.J.[kru8d]
K.K.[krud]
adj.ݴʣ
crud.er,crud.est 
Being in an unrefined or natural state; raw.
ȻģȻĻδӹ״̬ģ
Lacking tact, refinement, or taste.
ҰģȱǡŻƷζ
Not carefully or completely made; rough.
Ƶģδϸ»ȫƳɵģֲڵ
Statistics In an unanalyzed form; not adjusted to allow for related circumstances or data.
ͳѧ δģδ״ģλݵ
Displaying a lack of knowledge or skill.
׾ӵģʾȱ֪ʶɵ
Undisguised or unadorned; blunt:
δαװģδεģֱԲģ
must face the crude truth.

Archaic Unripe or immature.
 ģʱõ
n.ʣ
A substance, especially petroleum, in its unrefined state.
Ȼʣδӹ״̬ʣָԭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin cr?s * see  kreu- 
Դ  cr?s *μ kreu- 
?
crudely
adv.ʣ
crudity
AHD:[kr?d1-t?]   crudeness ʣ
?
crude,native,raw
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is in a natural state and not yet processed for use: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡȻ״̬δӹʹõġ 
crude rubber;
Ȼ𽺣
native iron;

raw cotton. See also Synonyms at  rude 
ԭ μͬ rude

= =
cruel
cru.el
AHD:[kr?l] 
D.J.[6kru8*l]
K.K.[6kru*l]
adj.ݴʣ
cru.el.er  cru.el.ler cru.el.est  cru.el.lest  
Disposed to inflict pain or suffering.
бģǿʹʹ
Causing suffering; painful.
ʹģʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cr??lis} * see  kreu- 
Դ  cr??lis} *μ kreu- 
?
cruelly
adv.ʣ
?
cruel,fierce,ferocious,barbarous,inhuman,savage,vicious
These adjectives mean showing a disposition to inflict violence, pain, or hardship, or to find satisfaction in the suffering of others.
Щݴʵ˼ʾǿӱʹѵ˵ʹеõġ
 Cruel   implies both disposition to harm and satisfaction in or indifference to suffering: 
 Cruel  ָ˺Լ˵ʹеõ˵ܿ޶ 
a cruel tyrant.
бĶߡ
Fierce   suggests the fearless aggression of a wild animal: 
Fierce  ָҰĲбַ 
a fierce attack;
һ͹
fierce anger.
ŭ
Ferocious   adds tofierce  connotations of rabid fury and rampant brutality:  
Ferocious  fierce һбŭͼȲ̵ĺ壺  
a ferocious attack dog;
һֻͽĹ
a ferocious battle for supremacy.
һȨλĶս
Barbarous   suggests harshness and cruelty that befit only primitive human beings: 
Barbarous  ָֻԭʼͲп᣺ 
committed a barbarous crime.
˲бС
Inhuman   means markedly deficient in those qualities such as kindness and sympathy that are proper to a human being: 
Inhuman  ˼ȱʴȺ֮ͬЩʵģ 
cruel and inhuman behavior.
бķ˵Ϊ
Savage   implies a lack of the control or moderation expected of a civilized person: 
Savage  ָȱӦеĿƻʶȵģ 
a savage outburst of temper;
Ƣ
a savage slap.
ݺݵһǶ⡣
Vicious   suggests a disposition to malicious, violent, or destructive behavior: 
Vicious  ָж⡢Ϊģ 
vicious animosity;
񶾵ĵ⣻
a vicious anonymous letter;
һж񶾵ţ
a vicious kick. 
ݺһ 

= =
cruise
cruise
AHD:[kr?z] 
D.J.[kru8z]
K.K.[kruz]
v.ʣ
cruised,cruis.ing,cruis.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sail or travel about, as for pleasure or reconnaissance.
ѲΣУΣΪֻклѲ
To go or move along, especially in an unhurried or unconcerned fashion:
ΣнƶָΣ
A whole cache of babies . . . cruised imperiously in their strollers, propelled by their mothers or by pairs of grandmothers(Anne Tyler)
õӤӤڣĸ׻ĸȥ(ݡ̩)
To travel at a constant speed, or at a speed providing maximum operating efficiency for a sustained period.
ԾٶʻȶٶнһʱԷЧߵٶʻ
Informal To move leisurely about an area in the hope of discovering something:
ʽ ѲУϣĳһеƶ
taxis cruising for fares.
Ƴ̳תŵ
Slang To look for a sexual partner, as in a public place.
ٵ ޣѰѰ԰£ڹ
To inspect a wooded area to determine its lumber yield.
ľش̽ľĲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To travel about or journey over.
ѲڡϿѲ
Slang 
ٵ 
To look in (a public area) for a sexual partner.
Ѱ԰£ڣѰ԰
To seek out and make a sexual overture to.
棬ޣҳԶ󲢷
To inspect in order to determine lumber yield.
̽ľĲ̽ľĲ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of cruising, especially a sea voyage for pleasure.
УѲлѲεΪָΪֶĺ
?
Dutch kruisen [to cross] 
 kruisen [ᴩ] 
from Dutch kruis [cross] 
Դ  kruis [ʮּ] 
from Middle Dutch cruce 
Դ йź cruce 
from Latin crux  cruc- [cross] 
Դ  crux  cruc- [ʮּ] 

= =
crush
crush
AHD:[kr?sh] 
D.J.[krJ.]
K.K.[krJ.]
v.ʣ
crushed,crush.ing,crush.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To press between opposing bodies so as to break or injure.
ѹƣѹˣʼ伷ѹʹ
To break, pound, or grind (stone or ore, for example) into small fragments or powder.
ѹ飺ѣʯͷʯȣѹСĩ
To put down; subdue:
ѹƷ
crushed the rebellion.
ƽ
To overwhelm or oppress severely:
ѹصѹȣ
spirits that had been crushed by rejection and failure.
񱻾ܾʧѹ
To crumple or rumple:
ѹ壬Ū壺
crushed the freshly ironed shirt.
ٺõ·Ū
To hug, especially with great force.
ӵָǿӵ
To press upon, shove, or crowd.
ѹѹ
To extract or obtain by pressing or squeezing:
եͨѹȡեȡ
crush juice from a grape.
ե֭
Archaic To drink; quaff.
 ȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become crushed.
ѹ飬
To proceed or move by crowding or pressing.
ӿͨǰƶ
n.ʣ
The act of crushing; extreme pressure.
ѹ飬ѹѹΪѹ
The state of being crushed.
ѹ飺ѹ״̬
A great crowd:
ӵ
a crush of spectators.
ӵĹ
A substance prepared by or as if by crushing, especially a fruit drink:
֭ѹեƺѹեƳɵʣָ֭ϣ
orange crush.
֭
Informal 
ʽ 
A usually temporary infatuation.
ͨһʱ
The object of such an infatuation.

A decisive or critical moment or situation.
Թͷؼʱ̣Իؼʱ̻״
The process of stamping or crushing grapes for wine.
ե֭ƣѹե֭ƵĹ
?
Middle English crushen 
йӢ crushen 
from Old French croissir 
Դ ŷ croissir 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
crushable
adj.ݴʣ
crusher
n.ʣ
crushproof
AHD:[-pr?f] ݴʣ
?
crush,mash,pulp,smash,squash
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to press forcefully so as to reduce to a pulpy mass: 
Ще˼ǡǿؼѹʹΪ״ʡ 
crush rose geranium leaves;
ѹեõÿҶӣ
mashed the sweet potatoes;
Ѹɺ״
pulped raspberries through a sieve;
ɸݮɽ״
smashing bamboo stems with a hammer;
ã
squash an egg under one's foot. See also Synonyms at  crowd 1
ýŰѼ μͬ crowd1

= =
crust
crust
AHD:[kr?st] 
D.J.[krJst]
K.K.[krJst]
n.ʣ
The hard outer portion or surface area of bread.
ƤıӲƤ
A piece of bread consisting mostly of the hard outer portion.
ӲƬҪӲƤɵƬ
A piece of bread that has become hard and dry.
ƬӲɵƬ
A pastry shell, as of a pie or tart.
ڱƤڱڱȵŵ
A hard, crisp covering or surface:
Ӳ棺ӲġƤǣ
snow with a firm crust.
һӲѩ
A hard deposit formed on the interior of a wine bottle as the wine matures.
ƹھƿڲɵӲĳ
Geology 
ѧ 
The exterior portion of the earth that lies above the Mohorovi?i? discontinuity.
ؿǣλĪά֮ϵĵ
The outermost solid layer of a planet or moon.
ǣǻĹ̬
The hard outer covering or integument of certain plants and animals, such as lichens and crustaceans.
׿ǣĳЩֲӲ㸲ºͼ׿Ǹٶ
Pathology An outer layer or coating formed by the drying of a bodily exudate such as pus or blood; a scab.
ѧ 裺ҺŨҺѪҺȱɶγɵһƤ򸲸
Informal Insolence; audacity; gall.
ʽ 񣻷޳
v.ʣ
crust.ed,crust.ing,crusts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with a crust.
ӲƤ
To form into a crust.
ڡϽӲƤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become covered with a crust.
ǣӲƤøǣӲƤ
To harden into a crust.
ӲƤӲӲƤ
?
Middle English cruste 
йӢ cruste 
from Old French crouste 
Դ ŷ crouste 
from Latin crusta * see  kreus- 
Դ  crusta *μ kreus- 
?
crustless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cry
cry
AHD:[kro] 
D.J.[kra!]
K.K.[kra!]
v.ʣ
cried[krod] cry.ing,cries[kroz]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sob or shed tears because of grief, sorrow, or pain; weep.
ڱˡĻʹ᣻
To call loudly; shout.
к
To utter a characteristic sound or call. Used of an animal.
ŽУ䣺һеָ
To demand or require immediate action or remedy:
Ҫ󲹾ȣҪжȣ
grievances crying out for redress.
ίҪ⳥
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter loudly; call out.
˵к
To proclaim or announce in public:

crying one's wares in the marketplace.
г
To bring into a particular condition by weeping:
޵áͨĳһ״̬
cry oneself to sleep.
޵˯
Archaic To beg for; implore:
 󣻰
cry forgiveness.
ˡ
n.ʣ
 cries[kroz]  
A loud utterance of an emotion, such as fear, anger, or despair.
кĳָĴ־塢
A loud exclamation; a shout or call.
Ук
A fit of weeping:
һ
had a good long cry.
һ
An urgent entreaty or appeal.
󣬿󣺽
A public or general demand or complaint.
ԹڵĻձҪԹ
A common view or general report.
ۣͬձĴ
An advertising of wares by calling out:
ͨкΪĹ棺
venders' cries at the fish market.
гСĽ
A rallying call or signal:
ϵĺźţ
a cry to arms.
ʿ
A slogan, especially a political one.
οںţںţָοں
The characteristic call or utterance of an animal.
н
The baying of hounds during the chase.
Ȯ׷ʱķ
A pack of hounds.
һȺȮ
Obsolete Clamor; outcry.
 ź
Obsolete A public announcement; a proclamation.
 棺ͨ棻
?
cry down
To belittle or disparage.
ӣ
cry off
To break or withdraw from a promise, agreement, or undertaking.
ԼΥȡԡԼŵ
cry up
To praise highly; extol.
߶
?
cry havoc
To sound an alarm; warn.

cry (one's) eyes out 
cry (one's) heart out
To weep inconsolably for a long time.
ʹ飺ʱؿ
cry on (someone's) shoulder
To tell one's problems to someone else in an attempt to gain sympathy or consolation.
ȡοѷո߱ͼͬο
cry over spilled milk
To regret in vain what cannot be undone or rectified.
غڣδɻָܻͽ͵ĺ
cry wolf
To raise a false alarm.
󾯱
in full cry
In hot pursuit, as hounds hunting.
ƴ׷ȫ׷УȮ׷
?
Middle English crien 
йӢ crien 
from Old French crier 
Դ ŷ crier 
from Vulgar Latin *crit3e 
Դ  *crit3e 
from Latin quiro3re} [to cry out] 
Դ  quiro3re} [] 
?
cry,weep,wail,keen,whimper,sob,blubber
These verbs mean to make inarticulate sounds of grief, unhappiness, or pain.
Щʵ˼ָʾˡ˻ʹĿڳݲ
 Cry   andweep  both involve the shedding of tears; cry  more strongly implies accompanying sound:  
 Cry  weep йأ cry ǿҵرʾ  
 And when he[William of Orange]  died the little children cried in the streets   (John Lothrop Motley). 
 ҵ ʱСڽϴ޺  Լ˹աĪ 
I weep for what I'm like when I'm alone  (Theodore Roethke).
 Ϊҹ¶ʱӶ ¶ࡤ˹ˣ
 Wail   refers primarily to sustained, inarticulate mournful sound: 
 Wail  Ҫָǳġڳݲİ 
The women . . . began to wail together;they mourned with shrill cries  (Joseph Conrad).
 ŮǡʼһޣǼкŽа Լɪ򡤿£
 Keen   suggests the wailing associated with lamentation for those who have died: 
 Keen  ָ밧Щйصޣ 
It is the wild Irish women keening over their dead  (George A. Lawrence).
 ЩŵİŮΪǵޡ ΡA.˹
 Whimper   refers to low, plaintive broken or repressed cries,as those made by a child: 
 Whimper  ָǵġĵġ϶ĻѹֵĿСĿ 
The condemned prisoner cowered and began to whimper for clemency.
ǸŲʼˡ
Sob   describes weeping or a mixture of broken speech and weeping marked by convulsive breathing or gasping: 
Sob  ǿǿҵĺΪĶ϶ĽͿĻϣ 
sobbing and crying, and wringing her hands as if her heart would break  (Laurence Sterne).
 Ųкţ˫֣ĺϾͻƵġ ˹˹ض
 Blubber   refers to noisy, unrestrained shedding of tears accompanied by broken or inarticulate speech: 
 Blubber  ָӵء޾Ტж϶ĻڳݲĽ 
He blubbered like a child who had been spanked. 
һƨɵСһ 

= =
crystal
crys.tal
AHD:[kr1stl] 
D.J.[6kr!st*l]
K.K.[6kr!st*l]
n.ʣ
A homogenous solid formed by a repeating, three-dimensional pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules and having fixed distances between constituent parts.
壺һԭӡӻظжγɵľʹ壬ɲ֮й̶ľ
The unit cell of such a pattern.
ֽṹĵλϸ
A mineral, especially a transparent form of quartz, having a crystalline structure, often characterized by external planar faces.
ˮһ־оṹĿʯָʯӢһ͸̬ͨ侧ͬһƽ
A natural or synthetic crystalline material having piezoelectric or semiconducting properties.
ʯӢһȻĻľϣѹԺͰ봫
An electronic device, such as an oscillator or a detector, using such a material.
ʯӢƬһøֲƳɵĵӲͼ첨
A high-quality clear, colorless glass.
ˮһ͸ɫ
An object, especially a vessel or an ornament, made of such glass.
ˮƷֲƳɵƷָ
Such objects considered as a group.
ˮƷһĸƷ
A clear glass or plastic protective cover for the face of a watch or clock.
ˮ棺һӱġ𱣻õ͸Ƭ
Slang A stimulant drug, usually methamphetamine, in its powdered form.
ٵ ˷ܼһַĩ״˷ܼͨǰ
adj.ݴʣ
Clear or transparent:
͸ģ峺ģ
a crystal lake; the crystal clarity of their reasoning.
峺׵ĺ͸
?
Middle English cristal 
йӢ cristal 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin crystallum 
Դ  crystallum 
from Greek krustallos * see  kreus- 
Դ ϣ krustallos *μ kreus- 
?
Crystal
Crys.tal
AHD:[kr1stl] 
D.J.[6kr!st*l]
K.K.[6kr!st*l]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of eastern Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Population, 25,543.
˹ضմݶһУᰢ˹еһ˿25,543

= =
cube
cube
AHD:[ky?b] 
D.J.[kju8b]
K.K.[kjub]
n.ʣ
Mathematics A regular solid having six congruent square faces.
ѧ 壺һͨȵβ
Something having the general shape of a cube:
ΣεĶ
a cube of sugar.
һ鷽
A cubicle, used for work or study.
С䣺Сңڹѧϰ
Mathematics The third power of a number or quantity.
ѧ ĳһ
cubes Slang Cubic inches. Used especially of an internal combustion engine.
 cubes ٵ Ӣ磺Ӣ硣ָȼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cubed,cub.ing,cubes 
Mathematics To raise (a quantity or number) to the third power.
ѧ ĳһģ
To determine the cubic contents of.
ⶨ
To form or cut into cubes; dice.
ʹγ壻гɷ
To tenderize (meat) by breaking the fibers with superficial cuts in a pattern of squares.
л⣩гԸάʹ֮
?
Latin cubus 
 cubus 
from Greek kubos 
Դ ϣ kubos 
?
cuber
n.ʣ

= =
cubic
cu.bic
AHD:[ky?b1k] 
D.J.[6kju8b!k]
K.K.[6kjub!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the shape of a cube.
ģ״
Shaped similar to a cube.
εģ״
Abbr. c,cu.,cu
д c,cu.,cu
Having three dimensions.
ģά
Having a volume equal to a cube whose edge is of a stated length:
ģһ̶߳ͬģ
a cubic foot.
Ӣ
Mathematics Of the third power, order, or degree.
ѧ ģݵġεĻȵ
Of or relating to a crystalline form that has three equal axes at right angles to each other; isometric.
ģڻഹľйصģȵ
n.Mathematics ʣѧ 
A cubic expression, curve, or equation.
αʽߣη
?
cubicly
adv.ʣ

= =
cucumber
cu.cum.ber
AHD:[ky?k?mbr] 
D.J.[6kju87kJmb*]
K.K.[6kju7kJmb+]
n.ʣ
A tendril-bearing, climbing or sprawling annual plant(Cucumis sativus)  widely cultivated for its edible cylindrical fruit that has a green rind and crisp white flesh. 
ƹ٣һоġһԵֲ« ƹϻϣ пʳõԲιʵ㷺ֲùƤɫɴİɫ 
The fruit of this plant, eaten fresh or pickled.
ƹϣֲĹʵԻʳ
Any of several related or similar plants, such as the bur cucumber or the squirting cucumber.
ֲһػֲͳƣ̹Ϻͻƹ
?
Middle English cucomer 
йӢ cucomer 
from Old French coucombre 
Դ ŷ coucombre 
from Latin cucumis  cucumer- 
Դ  cucumis  cucumer- 

= =
cue
cue 1
AHD:[ky?] 
D.J.[kju8]
K.K.[kju]
n.ʣ
Games A long tapered rod with a leather tip used to strike the cue ball in billiards and pool.
Ϸ ˣϷ̨ϷϸˣƤͷһͷ𽥱ϸ
Games A long stick with a concave attachment at one end for shoving disks in shuffleboard.
Ϸ Ʋһ˴аͷĳڴԲϷƶԲ
A queue of hair.

A line of waiting people or vehicles; a queue.
ӣŶӵȺ˻У
v.ʣ
cued,cu.ing,cues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Games To strike with a cue.
Ϸ ˴
To braid or twist (hair) into a queue.
ӣѣͷɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a line or queue.
γɶУγɳ
?
Variant of queue 
 queueı
?
cue
cue 2
AHD:[ky?] 
D.J.[kju8]
K.K.[kju]
n.ʣ
A signal, such as a word or an action, used to prompt another event in a performance, such as an actor's speech or entrance, a change in lighting, or a sound effect.
ʾһźţһʻһʾݳеһĿĳһԱ̨ʻ볡ƹı仯Ч
A reminder or a prompting.
ʾ
A hint or suggestion.
ʾź
Music 
֡ 
An extract from the music for another part printed, usually in smaller notes, within a performer's part as a signal to enter after a long rest.
ʾСڣΪһ׼ѡΣͨýСӡˢಿ֮ڣΪڳʱϢһź
A gesture by a conductor signaling the entrance of a performer or part.
ʾƣָʾĳһ߻ʱ
Psychology A stimulus, either consciously or unconsciously perceived, that elicits or signals a type of behavior.
ѧ Ҫ̼һʶʶ֪Ĵ̼ʾĳΪķ
Archaic One's assigned role or function.
 ɫĳָĽɫְ
Archaic A mood; a disposition.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cued,cu.ing,cues 
To give a cue to; signal or prompt.
ʾźţʾ
To insert or cause to be inserted into the sequence of a performance.
룺ĳһݳв±
?
cue (someone) in
To give information or instructions to (a latecomer, for example).
ṩϢṩָʾߵȣṩϢָʾ
?
Perhaps from q, qu 
Դ q, qu 
abbreviation of Latin quand?} [when] 
  quand?д [ڡʱ] 
[used for actors' copies of plays] * see  k wo- 
[ԱϷ] *μ k wo- 
?
cue
cue 3
AHD:[ky?] 
D.J.[kju8]
K.K.[kju]
n.ʣ
The letterq.  
ĸq  

= =
culminate
cul.mi.nate
AHD:[k?lm-n3t] 
D.J.[6kJlm*7ne!t]
K.K.[6kJlm*7net]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
cul.mi.nat.ed,cul.mi.nat.ing,cul.mi.nates 
To reach the highest point or degree; climax:
ﵽ߳ߵ̶ȣﵽ߳
habitual antagonism that culminated in open hostility.
ڹждﵽ߳ϰԶԿ
To come to completion; end:
յ㣻գ
Years of waiting culminated in a tearful reunion.
ĵȴԺž۶
Astronomy To reach the highest point above an observer's horizon. Used of stars and other celestial bodies.
ѧ 죺۲֮ߵ㡣ָǺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to the point of greatest intensity or to completion; climax:
ʹ߳ʹﵽ˻յ㣻ʹ߳
The ceremony culminated a long week of preparation.
һڵ׼ڿʼ
?
Late Latin culmin3e  culmin3t- 
 culmin3e  culmin3t- 
from Latin culmen  culmin- [summit] * see  kel- 2
Դ  culmen  culmin- [] *μ kel- 2
?
culmination
n.ʣ

= =
cultivate
cul.ti.vate
AHD:[k?lt-v3t] 
D.J.[6kJlt*7ve!t]
K.K.[6kJlt*7vet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cul.ti.vat.ed,cul.ti.vat.ing,cul.ti.vates 
To improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; till.
ƺ׼أͨػʩʵȣֲ
To loosen or dig soil around (growing plants).
ڣֲΧٵ
To grow or tend (a plant or crop).
ֲϣֲϣֲ
To promote the growth of (a biological culture).
ٽٽ
To nurture; foster.See Synonyms at nurture 
μ nurture
To form and refine, as by education.
ƣʹɺ͸ƣͨ
To seek the acquaintance or goodwill of; make friends with.
ѣѰ󡭵˽Ѻã롭
?
Medieval Latin cultiv3e  cultiv3t- 
 cultiv3e  cultiv3t- 
from cultos [tilled] 
Դ cultos [] 
from Latin cultus [past participle of] colere [to till] * see  k wel- 1
Դ  cultus  [] colereĹȥִ [] *μ k wel- 1
?
cultivatable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
culture
cul.ture
AHD:[k?lchr] 
D.J.[6kJlt.*]
K.K.[6kJlt.+]
n.ʣ
The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.
ĻͨᴫΪʽԼ๤˼
These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population:
ĻΪĳһض׶Ρ׼ЩʽصͲ
Edwardian culture; Japanese culture; the culture of poverty.
»ʱĻձĻƶĻ
These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression:
ĻΪĳһض룬ĳһ﷽ʽЩʽص
religious culture in the Middle Ages; musical culture; oral culture.
ʱڵڽĻĻͷĻ
Intellectual and artistic activity, and the works produced by it.
ƷջԼɴ˲Ʒ
Development of the intellect through training or education.
ͨѵʵֵչ
Enlightenment resulting from such training or education.
ұѵõ
A high degree of taste and refinement formed by aesthetic and intellectual training.
ͨѧѵγɵĸƷζ
Special training and development:
ѵѵͷչ
voice culture for singers and actors.
ΪֺԱ׼ϰ
The cultivation of soil; tillage.
صĸ
The breeding of animals or growing of plants, especially to produce improved stock.
ֳԶֲֲָΪ˲Ʒ
Biology 
ѧ 
The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
ھ׼Ӫе΢֯ϸ
Such a growth or colony, as of bacteria.
Ⱥ䣬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cul.tured,cul.tur.ing,cul.tures 
To cultivate.

To grow (microorganisms or other living matter) in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
ƱӪ΢
To use (a substance) as a medium for culture:
ãĳһʣӪ
culture milk.
ţ
?
Middle English [cultivation] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin cult?a 
Դ  cult?a 
from cultus [past participle of] colere * see  cultivate 
Դ cultus  [] colereĹȥִ *μ cultivate
?
culture,cultivation,breeding,refinement,taste
These nouns denote a personal quality resulting from the development of intellect, manners, and aesthetic appreciation.
Щʵ˼ֹԼѧ͵ķչγɵĸʡ
 Culture   implies enlightenment attained through close association with and appreciation of the highest level of civilization: 
 Culture  ָ߲ͨεӴͶõ 
Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection  (Matthew Arnold).
 ɴǡΪԴڶȰǳںġ ޡŵ£
 Cultivation   suggests the process of self-improvement or self-development through which culture is acquired: 
 Cultivation  ָԻȡҸĽҷչ̣ 
The books and paintings in her library reflect her considerable cultivation.
ͼڵͻӳ൱̶ȵ
Breeding   is revealed especially in good manners, poise, and sensitivity to the feelings of others: 
Breeding  ָŵľֹ̬Լ˸обֳģ 
The test of a man's or woman's breeding is how they behave in a quarrel  (George Bernard Shaw).
 ĳһ˻Ů˽Ŀα֡ Ρɣ
 Refinement   stresses aversion to coarseness and implies a delicacy of feeling associated with fastidiousness: 
 Refinement  ǿǶԴ³صĸо֮⣺ 
to seek elegance rather than luxury,and refinement rather than fashion  (William Henry Channing).
 ѰŶݳޣѰŶʱС 
 Taste   is the capacity for recognizing and appreciating what is fitting, proper, or aesthetically superior: 
 Taste  ָǱͼʵġ˵ġѧ 
These questions of taste, of feeling, of inheritance, need no settlement.Every one carries his own inch-rule of taste  (Henry Adams).
 ЩƷζоŴ⣬õÿ˶иԺı׼ ǵ˹

= =
cumulative
cu.mu.la.tive
AHD:[ky?my-l3t1v, -y-l-t1v] 
D.J.[6kju8mj*7le!t!v, -j*l*t!v]
K.K.[6kjumj*7let!v, -j*l*t!v]
adj.Abbr. cum.ݴʣд cum.
Increasing or enlarging by successive addition.
ģͨӶ
Acquired by or resulting from accumulation.
ۻģۻõ
Of or relating to interest or a dividend that is added to the next payment if not paid when due.
ۻģϢϢδ׷ӵ´θе
Law 
ɡ 
Supporting the same point as earlier evidence:
ۻģ֧ǰһ֤ݵͬһģ
cumulative evidence.
ۻ֤
Imposed with greater severity upon a repeat offender:
׷ӵģ۷شģ
cumulative punishment.
ش
Following successively; consecutive:
ۻģģģ
cumulative sentences.
ۻо
Statistics 
ͳѧ 
Of or relating to the sum of the frequencies of experimentally determined values of a random variable that are less than or equal to a specified value.
ۻģһСڻĳ̶ֵƵ
Of or relating to experimental error that increases in magnitude with each successive measurement.
ۻģÿһβʵԴ
?
cumulatively
adv.ʣ
cumulativeness
n.ʣ

= =
cunning
cun.ning
AHD:[k?n1ng] 
D.J.[6kJn!0]
K.K.[6kJn!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness.See Synonyms at sly 
ƻģթģթģƻթģԹթΪĲμ sly
Executed with or exhibiting ingenuity.
ɵģƳɵĻɵ
Delicately pleasing; pretty or cute:
¿˵ģƯģģ
a cunning little pet.
С
n.ʣ
Skill in deception; guile.
ƣƭ˵ļɣթ
Skill or adeptness in execution or performance; dexterity.
ɣеļɻ
?
Middle English [present participle of] connen [to know] 
йӢ  [] connenڷִ [֪] 
from Old English cunnan * see  gn?- 
Դ Ӣ cunnan *μ gn?- 
?
cunningly
adv.ʣ
cunningness
n.ʣ

= =
cup
cup
AHD:[k?p] 
D.J.[kJp]
K.K.[kJp]
n.ʣ
A small, open container, usually with a flat bottom and a handle, used for drinking.
ӣһС͵Ŀͨһƽ׺ͱˮ
Such a container and its contents.
һһ֮ʢ֮
Abbr. c.,C.A unit of capacity or volume equal to 16 tablespoons or 8 fluid ounces (237 milliliters).See table at measurement 
д c.,C.һһλ൱16׻8Һ˾237μ measurement
The bowl of a drinking vessel.
״ˮе״
The chalice or the wine used in the celebration of the Eucharist.
ʥͱʥеľƱ
A decorative cup-shaped vessel awarded as a prize or trophy.
һΪƷʤƷװԱ״
Sports A golf hole or the metal container inside a hole.
˶ 򶴣߶򶴻ڵĽ
Either of the two parts of a brassiere that fit over the breasts.
ֱزϵֵ֮һ
An athletic supporter having a protective reinforcement of rigid plastic or metal.
˶Աһ˶ԱõĻ֯ñԵļӲϻƳɵļǿ
A sweetened, flavored, usually chilled beverage, especially one made with wine:
ѾƣһζҼϵġͨǱϣָѾƳɵ
claret cup.
Ѿ
A dish served in a cup-shaped vessel:
װʢڱеʳ
fruit cup.
װˮ
A cuplike object.
״
Biology A cuplike structure or organ.
ѧ νṹ
A lot or portion to be suffered or enjoyed.
ܻе˻򴦾
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cupped,cup.ping,cups 
To place in or as in a cup.
ѡ·뱭
To shape like a cup:
ѡɱΣ
cup one's hand.
ɱ
To subject to the therapeutic procedure of cupping.
ʹܱ
?
cup of tea
Something that one excels in or enjoys:
ãȤĳóϲ
Opera is not my cup of tea.
Ϸ粻ҵİ
A matter to be reckoned or dealt with:
жϵ¼¼Ҫƶϻ飺
Recreational sport is relaxing. Professional sport is another cup of tea altogether.
˶ʹ˷ɡרҵ˶ҪԴ
in (one's) cups
Intoxicated; drunk.
Ƶģ
?
Middle English cuppe 
йӢ cuppe 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin cuppa [drinking vessel] 
Դ  cuppa [ˮ] 
perhaps variant of Latin c?a [tub, cask] 
Ϊ  c? [裬Ͱ] 

= =
cupboard
cup.board
AHD:[k?brd] 
D.J.[6kJb*d]
K.K.[6kJb*d]
n.ʣ
A closet or cabinet, usually with shelves for storing food, crockery, and utensils.
ʳһֳͨʳĸ

= =
curb
curb
AHD:[k?rb] 
D.J.[kT8b]
K.K.[kPb]
n.ʣ
A concrete border or row of joined stones forming part of a gutter along the edge of a street.
·Եγɽֵһֵˮȷ޻ɵһʯͷ
An enclosing framework, such as that around a skylight.
ΧһΧĽṹ촰ΧΧ
A raised margin along an edge used to confine or strengthen.
ΧߣűԵƻӹ̵ͻ
Something that checks or restrains:

High interest rates put a curb on spending.

A chain or strap that passes under a horse's lower jaw and serves in conjunction with the bit to restrain the horse.
գһӻƤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
curbed,curb.ing,curbs 
To check, restrain, or control as if with a curb; rein in.See Synonyms at restrain 
ƣƺơƻƣƲμ restrain
To lead (a dog) off the sidewalk into the gutter so that it can excrete waste matter.
칷С㣺죨еʹй
To furnish with a curb.
װ
?
Blend of Middle English [curved piece of wood]  from Old French corbe [curved object]  from corbe [curved]  from Latin curvus 
 йӢ [ľ]  Դ ŷ corbe []  Դ corbe []  Դ  curvus 
Middle English corbe [horse strap]  from corben [to bow down, halt]  from Old French corber [to bow down]  from Latin curv3e  from curvus [curved, bent] * see  sker- 2
йӢ corbe []  Դ corben [£ֹͣ]  Դ ŷ corber []  Դ  curv3e  Դ curvus [ģ] *μ sker- 2

= =
cure
cure
AHD:[ky?r] 
D.J.[kj&*]
K.K.[kj&r]
n.ʣ
Restoration of health; recovery from disease.
ָ
A method or course of medical treatment used to restore health.
ƣƷָҽƷ
An agent, such as a drug, that restores health; a remedy.
ҩʹָüҩҩ
Something that corrects or relieves a harmful or disturbing situation:
Բߣʩ򻺽ĳһк״̬Ķ
The cats proved to be a good cure for our mouse problem.
֤ʵèǽĺ÷
Ecclesiastical Spiritual charge or care, as of a priest for a congregation.
̻᡿ ڽ̼໤ڽϵĹ໤ݻʦļ໤
The office or duties of a curate.
ʦʦְְ
The act or process of preserving a product.
ӹƷΪ
v.ʣ
cured,cur.ing,cures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To restore to health.
ʹָ
To effect a recovery from:
ʹȬʹӡʵȬ
cure a cold.
ð
To remove or remedy (something harmful or disturbing):
ȣ򲹾ȣкŵĶ
cure an evil.

To preserve (meat, for example), as by salting, smoking, or aging.
磬Ѭƣͨ硢Ѭ»ȷʽ棨ȣ
To prepare, preserve, or finish (a substance) by a chemical or physical process.
Ʊ棺ûѧƱΣĳʣ
To vulcanize (rubber).
ʹ򻯣ʹ𽺣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To effect a cure or recovery:
ƣ
a medicine that cures.
ҩ
To be prepared, preserved, or finished by a chemical or physical process:
Ʊ棺ͨѧƱΣ
hams curing in the smokehouse.
ѬѬƶɵĻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [medical treatment] 
Դ ŷ [ҽ] 
from Latin c?a 
Դ  c?a 
from Old Latin coisa- 
Դ  coisa- 
?
curer
n.ʣ
cureless
adj.ݴʣ
?
cure,heal,remedy
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to set right an undesirable or unhealthy condition: 
Щʹе˼ǡʹĳֲ򲻽״ָ 
cure an ailing economy;
ʧľã
heal a wounded spirit;
˵飻
remedy a structural defect. 
Ƚṹϵȱ 

= =
curiosity
cu.ri.os.i.ty
AHD:[ky?r?-?s1-t?] 
D.J.[7kj&*ri86Ks!ti8]
K.K.[7kj&ri6$s!ti]
n.ʣ
 cu.ri.os.i.ties 
A desire to know or learn.
֪֪ѧϰ
A desire to know about people or things that do not concern one; nosiness.
ģ֪Լ޹ص˻
An object that arouses interest, as by being novel or extraordinary:
ʹ˲ȤƷ
kept the carved bone and displayed it as a curiosity.
ǿ̹ĹͷΪƷչ
A strange or odd aspect.
֣Źֵ֣ĻŹֵķ
Archaic Fastidiousness.
 һ˿
?
Middle English curiosite 
йӢ curiosite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin c??sit3s} 
Դ  c??sit3s} 
from c??sus} [inquisitive] * see  curious 
Դ c??sus} [] *μ curious

= =
curious
cu.ri.ous
AHD:[ky?r?-s] 
D.J.[6kj&*ri8*s]
K.K.[6kj&ri*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Eager to learn more:
ѧģҪ֪ģ
curious investigators; a trap door that made me curious.
ѧоߣ»ʹҾ治
Unduly inquisitive; prying.
ֺģ
Arousing interest because of novelty or strangeness:
ģŹֵģֶʹ˲Ȥģ
a curious fact.
ֵʵ
Archaic 
 
Accomplished with skill or ingenuity.
ģɵ
Extremely careful; scrupulous.
ǳϸģϽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French curios 
Դ ŷ curios 
from Latin c??sus} [careful, inquisitive] 
Դ  c??sus} [ϸģֺ] 
from c?a [care] * see  cure 
Դ c?a [ϸ] *μ cure
?
curiously
adv.ʣ
curiousness
n.ʣ
?
curious,inquisitive,snoopy,nosy
These adjectives apply to persons who show a marked desire for information or knowledge.
ЩݴָϢ֪ʶֳǿˡ
 Curious   most often implies an avid desire to know or learn,though it can suggest an undue interest in the affairs of others: 
 Curious  ָͨǿҵ֪ҲʾĹȤ 
A curious child is a teacher's delight.
ʦϲ֪ĺӡ
Inquisitive   frequently suggests excessive curiosity and the asking of many questions: 
Inquisitive  ֵָĺ沢⣺ 
Remember, no revolvers.The police are, I believe, proverbially inquisitive  (Lord Dunsany).Bothsnoopy  and nosy  imply an unworthy motive. 
 סҪǹΪ֪Դ˶¡ ѫSnoopy  nosy ָɵĶ 
 Snoopy   suggests underhanded prying: 
 Snoopy  ָ˽µĴ̽ 
The snoopy neighbor watched our activities all day.
ϲ̽ھעǵһһ
Nosy   implies impertinent curiosity likened to that of an animal using its nose to examine or probe: 
Nosy  ָñȥ̽һĲòĺģ 
I watched him flip through the letters on my desk in his nosy way. See also Synonyms at  strange 
ҿԺùµķʽᷭϵż μͬ strange

= =
curl
curl
AHD:[k?rl] 
D.J.[kT8l]
K.K.[kPl]
v.ʣ
curled,curl.ing,curls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To twist (the hair, for example) into ringlets or coils.
СȦѣͷȣССȦ
To form into a coiled or spiral shape:
ʹ״ʹ״
curled the ends of the ribbon.
д˾״
To decorate with coiled or spiral shapes.
װγ״װγ״
To raise and turn under (the upper lip), as in snarling or showing scorn.
Ʋ죬죺Ʋ촽ʾʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form ringlets or coils.
γСγСȦ
To assume a spiral or curved shape.
״״
To move in a curve or spiral:
ƶ״ƶ
The wave curled over the surfer.
˴ӳ˶Աͷ
Sports To engage in curling.
˶ ʯϷ
n.ʣ
Something with a spiral or coiled shape.
״
A coil or ringlet of hair.
СͷϵС
A treatment in which the hair is curled.
һʹͷĴ
The act of curling:
Ϊ
the curl of a meandering river.

The state of being curled.
״̬
Sports A weightlifting exercise using one or two hands, in which a barbell held at the thigh or to the side of the body is raised to the chest or shoulder and then lowered without moving 
the upper arms, shoulders, or back.
˶ ϰһ־ϰõֻ˫ְλڴȻĸٵز粿Ȼٷ£ϱۡ粿ͱ
Any of various plant diseases in which the leaves roll up.
ҶһҶӳʾ״ֲＲ
?
curl up
To assume a position with the legs drawn up:
˫ƣ
The child curled up in an armchair to read.
ǸСɳ￴
?
Middle English crullen, curlen 
йӢ crullen, curlen 
from crulle [curly] 
Դ crulle [] 
[perhaps of Middle Low German origin] 
[Դйŵ͵ص] 
?
Curl
Curl
AHD:[k?rl] Robert Floyd, Jr. (Born 1933) 
D.J.[kT8l]
K.K.[kPrl]
NONE޴ԣ
American chemist who shared a 1996 Nobel Prize for discovering fullerenes.
¶޲ء޵£ѧңָϩ˷ֻ1996ŵ

= =
currency
cur.ren.cy
AHD:[k?rn-s?, k?r-] 
D.J.[6kT8r*nsi8, 6kJr-]
K.K.[6kPr*nsi, 6kJr-]
n.ʣ
 cur.ren.cies д cur.
Money in any form when in actual use as a medium of exchange, especially circulating paper money.
ңһʽǮңʵʹʱΪý飬ָֽͨ
Transmission from person to person as a medium of exchange; circulation:
ͨΪýһ˴͵һˣͨ
coins now in currency.
ͨĻ
General acceptance or use; prevalence:
ͨãձܻʹãУ
the currency of a slang term.
һٵͨ
?
From Middle English curraunt [in circulation] * see  current 
Դ йӢ curraunt [ͨ] *μ current

= =
current
cur.rent
AHD:[k?rnt, k?r-] 
D.J.[6kT8r*nt, 6kJr-]
K.K.[6kPr*nt, 6kJr-]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. cur.
д cur.
Belonging to the present time:
ǰģʱڵģ
current events; current leaders.
ʱ£쵼
Being in progress now:
ڽеģڴڽеģ
current negotiations.
ڽе̸
Passing from one to another; circulating:
ͨģһ˴һ˵ģͨģ
current bills and coins.
֧ͨƱͻ
Prevalent, especially at the present time:
ͨеģеģָеģ
current fashions.See Synonyms at prevailing 
ʱвμ prevailing
Running; flowing.
ģʵ
n.ʣ
A steady, smooth onward movement:
ȶƽȵǰ˶
a current of air from a fan; a current of spoken words.See Synonyms at flow 
ӷдһһͨμ flow
The part of a body of liquid or gas that has a continuous onward movement:
ҺгǰƶĲ֣
rowed out into the river's swift current.
ˮѸˮ
A general tendency, movement, or course.See Synonyms at tendency 
򡢶̲μ tendency
Symbol i, I Electricity 
 i, I ѧ 
A flow of electric charge.
ɵ
The amount of electric charge flowing past a specified circuit point per unit time.
ǿȣλʱͨ·ĳһȷĵ
?
Middle English curraunt 
йӢ curraunt 
from Old French corant [present participle of] courre [to run] 
Դ ŷ corant  [] courreڷִ [] 
from Latin currere * see  kers- 
Դ  currere *μ kers- 
?
currently
adv.ʣ
currentness
n.ʣ

= =
curriculum
cur.ric.u.lum
AHD:[k-r1ky-lm] 
D.J.[k*6r!kj*l*m]
K.K.[k*6r!kj*l*m]
n.ʣ
 cur.ric.u.la[-l]   cur.ric.u.lums  
All the courses of study offered by an educational institution.
ȫγ̣ĳһѧϰγ
A group of related courses, often in a special field of study:
רҵγ̣һصĿγָ̣ͨĳһרҵѧϰģ
the engineering curriculum.
еרҵγ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
γ̣һʣ
curriculum development; curriculum enhancements.
γ̵ķչγ̵ĸĽ
?
Latin [course] 
 [·] 
from currere [to run] * see  current 
Դ currere [] *μ current
?
curricular
AHD:[-lr] ݴʣ

= =
curse
curse
AHD:[k?rs] 
D.J.[kT8s]
K.K.[kPs]
n.ʣ
An appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall someone or something.
䣺ûѽĳ˻ĳϵ
The evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to such an appeal:
ֻڻƺĻѣ
bewailed the curse of ill health.
岻ö̾
One that is accursed.

A source or cause of evil; a scourge:
ֻԴԭ򣻿ѵĸԴ
Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race(William Ewart Gladstone)
˽Ļ(ȶء˹ͨ)
A profane word or phrase; a swearword.
Դʻ
Ecclesiastical A censure, ban, or anathema.
̻᡿ 𱸣Ǵ
Slang Menstruation. Used withthe.  
ٵ ¾¾the  
v.ʣ
cursed  curst [k?rst] curs.ing,curs.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To invoke evil or misfortune upon; damn.
䣬ѻڡ
To swear at.
䡭
To bring evil upon; afflict:
ʹѣĥ
was cursed with crippling arthritis.
صĹؽĥ
Ecclesiastical To put under a ban or an anathema; excommunicate.
̻᡿ 䣺ʹܷ䣻̻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter curses; swear.
䣻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English curs 
Դ Ӣ curs 
?
curser
n.ʣ

= =
curt
curt
AHD:[k?rt] 
D.J.[kT8t]
K.K.[kPt]
adj.ݴʣ
curt.er,curt.est 
Rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner.See Synonyms at gruff 
ͻģʧĻͻģڽֹвμ gruff
Using few words; terse.
ģôʵģ
Having been shortened.
̵
?
Middle English [short, brief] 
йӢ [̵ģҪ] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin curtus * see  sker- 1
Դ  curtus *μ sker- 1
?
curtly
adv.ʣ
curtness
n.ʣ

= =
curtain
cur.tain
AHD:[k?rtn] 
D.J.[6kT8tn]
K.K.[6kPt2]
n.ʣ
Material that hangs in a window or other opening as a decoration, shade, or screen.
ڴڴΪװڹڱ֯
Something that functions as or resembles a screen, cover, or barrier:
Ļ֮ڱϰĶ
the curtain of mist before the mountain; a heavy curtain of artillery fire.
ɽǰĴŨصڻ
The movable screen or drape in a theater or hall that separates the stage from the auditorium or that serves as a backdrop.
ĻھԺڸ̨͹ڻΪĻĿƶڱĻ
The rising or opening of a theater curtain at the beginning of a performance or an act.
ĻڱݻϷһĻʼʱϷԺĻ
Curtain time.
Ļʱ
The fall or closing of a theater curtain at the end of a performance or an act.
ĻڱݻϷһĻʱ»رĻ
The concluding line, speech, or scene of a play or an act.
һĻһϷһĻϷһ̨ʡ˵龰
The part of a rampart or parapet connecting two bastions or gates.
Ļǽݻǽһ֣Ɽ
Architecture An enclosing wall connecting two towers or similar structures.
ѧ ڣƽṹΧǽ
curtains Slang 
 curtains ٵ 
The end.
ս
Absolute ruin:
׵Ļ
If the employee doesn't shape up, it's curtains(Business Week)
Աֲãͻᱻ͡(ܿ)
Death.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
cur.tained,cur.tain.ing,cur.tains 
To provide (something) with or as if with a curtain.
ĻڡĳװĻĻ״
To shut off (something) with or as if with a curtain.
ڱΣĻĻĳ
?
Middle English cortine 
йӢ cortine 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin c?ona} 
Դ  c?ona} 
from Latin c?s  c?rt- 
Դ  c?s  c?rt- 
variant of cohors [court] * see  court 
 cohorsı [ͥԺ] *μ court

= =
curve
curve
AHD:[k?rv] 
D.J.[kT8v]
K.K.[kPv]
n.ʣ
A line that deviates from straightness in a smooth, continuous fashion.
ߣһ⻬ƫֱߵ
A surface that deviates from planarity in a smooth, continuous fashion.
棺һ⻬ƫˮƽ
Something characterized by such a line or surface, especially a rounded line or contour of the human body.
߻ĶָԲε߻
A relatively smooth bend in a road or other course.
ת䣺һ·ͨ·ƽ
A line representing data on a graph.
ߣͼϴݵһ
A trend derived from or as if from such a graph.
ͼƣͼϻƺͼϳֳ
A graphic representation showing the relative performance of individuals as measured against each other, used especially as a method of grading students in which the assignment of 
grades is based on predetermined proportions of students.
ɼֲߣһʾ˱ȽʱԱֵͼʾָѧֵȼķַּǽԤȷѧ֮ϵ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The graph of a function on a coordinate plane.
ͼһƽϱʾĳһͼ
The intersection of two surfaces in three dimensions.
ཻеཻ
Baseball A curve ball.
 
Slang A trick or deception.
ٵ ƭˣƭ
v.ʣ
curved,curv.ing,curves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in or take the shape of a curve:
˶ߣ
The path curves around the lake.
·ź
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to curve.See Synonyms at bend 1
ʹμ bend1
Baseball To pitch a curve ball to.
 Ͷ
To grade (students, for example) on a curve.
ڳɼֲϸѧȣּ
?
From Middle English [curved] 
Դ йӢ [] 
from Latin curvus * see  sker- 2
Դ  curvus *μ sker- 2
?
curvedness
n.ʣ
curvy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
cushion
cush.ion
AHD:[k?shn] 
D.J.[6k&.*n]
K.K.[6k&.*n]
n.ʣ
A pad or pillow with a soft filling, used for resting, reclining, or kneeling.
棺һڲװϵĵӻͷԡп
Something resilient used as a rest, support, or shock absorber.
棺еԵĶϢ֧򻺳
A mat placed or attached beneath carpeting to provide softness and increase durability.
̺棺һַڻڵذϵĵӣʹ;
A padlike body part.
棺Ƶӵ岿
Games The rim bordering the playing surface of a billiard table.
Ϸ ƤΧײ̨ΧıԵ
A pillow used in lacemaking.
ڱ֯ߵͷ
Something that mitigates or relieves an adverse effect:
壺򻺺ͲĶ
extra funds serving as a cushion against future inflation.
ΪδͨͶлĶʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
cush.ioned,cush.ion.ing,cush.ions 
To provide with a cushion:
Ϊװӣ
cushion a bench.
Ϊװ
To place or seat on a cushion.
ڵϣڵϣѡڻڵ
To cover or hide (something) with or as if with a cushion.
ԵӸǣûƺõӸǻأĳ
To protect from impacts or other disturbing effects:
ײк
an automobile suspension that cushions the ride.
ȫϵͳ
To mitigate the effects of; absorb the shock of:
ĺաĳ
cushion a blow.

?
Middle English cushin 
йӢ cushin 
from Old French coussin 
Դ ŷ coussin 
from Vulgar Latin *coxom 
Դ  *coxom 
from Latin coxa [hip] 
Դ  coxa [ƨ] 
?
cushiony
adj.ݴʣ

= =
custom
cus.tom
AHD:[k?stm] 
D.J.[6kJst*m]
K.K.[6kJst*m]
n.ʣ
A practice followed by people of a particular group or region.
ϰףףĳһضȺѭĹ
A habitual practice of a person:
ϰߣĳ˵ϰ
my custom of reading a little before sleep.See Synonyms at habit 
ϰ˯ǰȿμ habit
Law A common tradition or usage so long established that it has the force or validity of law.
ɡ ϰ߷һͬͳ÷ٹʼзɵЧ
Habitual patronage, as of a store.
ݹˣ̵ȾĻݹ
Habitual customers; patrons.
ˣˣԵĹ˿ͣ
customs (used with a sing. verb)
 customs 뵥ã
A duty or tax imposed on imported and, less commonly, exported goods.
˰ԽڻҺٶԳڻյһ˰
The governmental agency authorized to collect these duties.
أȨЩ˰յ
The procedure for inspecting goods and baggage entering a country.
ؼ飺ڻĳʱмĳ
Tribute, service, or rent paid by a feudal tenant to a lord.
⣺⽨ʱũɻṩĹƷۻ˰
adj.ݴʣ
Made to order.
ģն
Specializing in the making or selling of made-to-order goods:
רģר۶ƻģ
a custom tailor.
ר·Ĳ÷
?
Middle English custume 
йӢ custume 
from Old French costume 
Դ ŷ costume 
from Latin c??t?d?}  c?nsu?t?din- 
Դ  c??t?d?}  c?nsu?t?din- 
from c??tus} [past participle of] c?nsu?scere [to accustom] 
Դ c??tus}  [] c?nsu?scereĹȥִ [ϰ] 
com- [intensive pref.] * see  com- 
com- [ǰ׺ʾǿ] *μ com-
su?e [to become accustomed] * see  s(w)e- 
su?e [ϰ] *μ s(w)e- 

= =
customary
cus.tom.ar.y
AHD:[k?st-mr?] 
D.J.[6kJst*7meri8]
K.K.[6kJst*7mWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Commonly practiced, used, or encountered; usual.See Synonyms at usual 
ϰϵģͬʵʩʹûģͨĲμ usual
Based on custom or tradition rather than written law or contract.
ģϰ׻ͳǳķͬ
?
customarily
AHD:[-mar-l?] ʣ
customariness
n.ʣ

= =
customer
cus.tom.er
AHD:[k?st-mr] 
D.J.[6kJst*m*]
K.K.[6kJst*m+]
n.ʣ
One that buys goods or services.
ˣܷ
Informal An individual with whom one must deal:
ʽ һ֮򽻵ˣ
a tough customer.
ǿӲִļһ

= =
cycle
cy.cle
AHD:[sokl] 
D.J.[6sa!k*l]
K.K.[6sa!k*l]
n.ʣ
An interval of time during which a characteristic, often regularly repeated event or sequence of events occurs:
ڣѭڣһʱʱͨйظ¼֣
Sunspots increase and decrease in intensity in an 11-year cycle.
̫ʮһΪһǿͼ
A single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon:
ѭһּظ
A year constitutes a cycle of the seasons.
һļѭ
A periodically repeated sequence of events:
ܶʼһڷ¼ĺ
the cycle of birth, growth, and death; a cycle of reprisal and retaliation.
ɳѭԩԩ౨
The orbit of a celestial body.
Ĺ
A long period of time; an age.
ʱǳһʱ䣻ʱ
The aggregate of traditional poems or stories organized around a central theme or hero:
ɣΧͬһӢ۵Ĵͳʫ߹µļϣ
the Arthurian cycle.
ɪ¼
A series of poems or songs on the same theme:
ʫ裺ͬһϵʫ߸裺
Schubert's song cycles.
沮ص
A bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
гĦггĦгƵĽͨ
Botany A circular or whorled arrangement of flower parts such as those of petals or sepals.
ֲѧ 򣺻Բλ״У绨Ƭ
v.ʣ
cy.cled,cy.cling,cy.cles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To occur in or pass through a cycle.
ܶʼѭԵķ˶
To move in or as if in a cycle.
ѭڵػߺԵ˶
To ride a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
ﳵгĦгƽͨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use in or put through a cycle:
תѭѭʹûѭͨ
cycled the heavily soiled laundry twice; cycling the recruits through eight weeks of basic training.
Ǹޱȵϴ飻ͨڵĻѵʹϸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin cyclus 
Դ  cyclus 
from Greek kuklos [circle] * see  k wel- 1
Դ ϣ kuklos [ѭ] *μ k wel- 1
?
cycler
n.ʣ

= =
cylinder
cyl.in.der
AHD:[s1ln-dr] 
D.J.[6s!l*nd*]
K.K.[6s!l*nd+]
n.Abbr. cyl.ʣд cyl.
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The surface generated by a straight line intersecting and moving along a closed plane curve, the directrix, while remaining parallel to a fixed straight line that is not on or parallel to the 
plane of the directrix.
棺һֱһյƽཻƽƶγɵƽ棬׼һڴ׼ƽϻ߲׼ƽƽеĹ̶ֱ߱ƽ
The portion of such a surface bounded by two parallel planes and the regions of the planes bounded by the surface.
ƽ沿֣ƽƽȷıĲԼɴ˱ȷƽĿռ
A solid bounded by two parallel planes and such a surface, especially such a surface having a circle as its directrix.
Բ壺ƽƽı棬رһԲΪ׼ߵƽγɵ
A cylindrical container or object.
ԲԲ
Engineering 
ѧ 
The chamber in which a piston of a reciprocating engine moves.
ףʽĻƶĿ
The chamber of a pump from which fluid is expelled by a piston.
ףɻųĿ
The rotating chamber of a revolver that holds the cartridges.
ӵת̣װеҩǹת
Any of several rotating parts in a printing press, especially one that carries the paper.
ӡˢͲӡˢرǴͱֽӡˢκת
Archaeology A cylindrical stone or clay object with an engraved design or inscription.
ѧ Բе̵ͼֵԲʯͷ
?
Latin cylindrus 
 cylindrus 
from Greek kulindros 
Դ ϣ kulindros 
from kulindein [to roll] 
Դ kulindein [] 

= =
cynical
cyn.i.cal
AHD:[s1n1-kl] 
D.J.[6s!n!k*l]
K.K.[6s!n!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Scornful of the motives, virtue, or integrity of others:
׵ģģԱ˵Ķлֱӵģ
a cynical distrust of friendly strangers; a cynical view of the average voter's intelligence.
ԺƵİĲΣÿͶƱߵʾӵĿ
Expressing or exhibiting scorn and bitter mockery:
ڿģ䳰ȷģʾ𱸺ͼҵĳ
cynical laughter.
Ц
?
cynically
adv.ʣ
cynicalness
n.ʣ

= =
daily
dai.ly
AHD:[d3l?] 
D.J.[6de!li8]
K.K.[6deli]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or occurring during the day.
ģġڰ
Happening or done every day:
ÿշģÿģ
the physician's daily rounds.
λڿҽÿյѲ·
Computed or assessed for each day:
ģƵģ
a daily record.
ճļ¼
Everyday:
ÿģƽģ
casual clothes only for daily use.
ճı
adv.ʣ
Every day:
ÿأ
Exercise daily.
ÿϰ
Once a day:
ÿһεأ
Wind the clock daily.
ÿһη
n.ʣ
 dai.lies 
A newspaper published every day or every weekday.
ձܱÿÿܳıֽ
dailies The first unedited print of movie film usually viewed after a day's shooting; the rushes.
 dailies ëƬδӵĵһŵӰƬͨһӳƬ
?
Middle English dayly 
йӢ dayly 
from Old English d?gloc 
Դ Ӣ d?gloc 
from d?g [day] * see  day 
Դ d?g [] *μ day
?
dailiness  
dailyness
n.ʣ

= =
dairy
dair.y
AHD:[dar?] 
D.J.[6de*ri8]
K.K.[6dWri]
n.ʣ
 dair.ies 
A commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products.
ţ̹˾Ʒ꣺һּӹţ̺Ʒҵ
A place where milk and cream are stored and processed.
Ʒ䣬ҳͼӹţ̺͵ĳ
A dairy farm.
ũ
The dairy business; dairying.
Ʒҵũҵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, for, or relating to milk or milk products:
ţ̵ģƷģţ̵ġƷģΪƳţ̵ġƷģ֮йصģ
the dairy section at the grocery store.
ӻƷ
Of or relating to dairying.
ƷģƷģ֮йص
Judaism Of, relating to, or intended for the consumption or preparation of milk or milk products exclusively, as dictated by dietary law.
̡̫ Ʒʳ涨ģ֮йصģֻѻţ̻Ʒ
?
Middle English daierie 
йӢ daierie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
Middle English daie [dairymaid]  from Old English d?e [bread kneader] * see  dheigh- 
йӢ daie [Ů]  Դ Ӣ d?e [] *μ dheigh- 
-erie [place]  from Old French * see  -ery 
-erie [ص]  Դ ŷ *μ -ery

= =
dam
dam 1
AHD:[d2m] 
D.J.[d#m]
K.K.[d#m]
n.ʣ
A barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of water.
ˮӣߣˮϵϰˮλ
A body of water controlled by such a barrier.
ˮ⣺ˮӻ߿Ƶˮ
A barrier against the passage of liquid or loose material, as a rubber sheet used in dentistry to isolate one or more teeth from the rest of the mouth.
ƤϣֹҺɢʵİ״õƤϣһŻ򼸿еݸ뿪
An obstruction; a hindrance.
ϰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dammed,dam.ming,dams 
To hold back or confine by means of a dam.
ˮֹˮ
To close up; obstruct:
ƣ
He tried to dam his grief.See Synonyms at hinder 1
ͼԼı˲μ hinder1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Old English *damm 
Դ Ӣ *damm 
?
dammer
n.ʣ
?
dam
dam 2
AHD:[d2m] 
D.J.[d#m]
K.K.[d#m]
n.ʣ
Abbr. d.A female parent. Used of a four-legged animal.
д d.ĸޣĸޡ
Archaic A mother.
 ĸ
?
Middle English dam, dame [lady, mother] * see  dame 
йӢ dam, dame [Ůʿĸ] *μ dame
?
dam
dam 3
abbr.
 Decameter. 
Decameter.
?
Dam
Dam
AHD:[d2m, d?m] (Carl Peter) Henrik (1895-1976) 
D.J.[d#m, d$8m]
K.K.[d#m, d$m]
NONE޴ԣ
Danish biochemist. He shared a 1943 Nobel Prize for the discovery of vitamin K.
ķ˵ãˣ(1895-1976) ﻯѧҡάK1943ŵ

= =
damage
dam.age
AHD:[d2m1j] 
D.J.[6d#m!d9]
K.K.[6d#m!d9]
n.ʣ
Impairment of the usefulness or value of person or property; harm.
𺦣ƻûмֵ˻Ʋƻ˺
damages Law Money ordered to be paid as compensation for injury or loss.
 damages ɡ ⳥˻ʧ⳥Ǯ
Informal Cost; price.
ʽ ã
v.ʣ
dam.aged,dam.ag.ing,dam.ag.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause damage to.See Synonyms at injure 
𺦲μ injure
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To suffer or be susceptible to damage.
ܵʧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
dam [loss]  from Latin damnum 
dam [ʧ]  Դ  damnum 
-age [-age] 
-age [ʾãݡ˼] 
?
damageability
n.ʣ
damageable
adj.ݴʣ
damagingly
adv.ʣ

= =
damp
damp
AHD:[d2mp] 
D.J.[d#mp]
K.K.[d#mp]
adj.ݴʣ
damp.er,damp.est 
Slightly wet.See Synonyms at wet 
΢ʪģʪĲμ wet
Archaic Dejected.
 ɥģĵ
n.ʣ
Moisture in the air; humidity.
ʪеˮ֣ʪ
Foul or poisonous gas that sometimes pollutes the air in coal mines.
˹ж壺ʱȾĶж
Lowness of spirits; depression.
ͳ
A restraint or check; a discouragement.
ƣƣʧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
damped,damp.ing,damps 
To make damp or moist; moisten.
ʹʪʹʪ󣻱ʪ
To extinguish (a fire, for example) by cutting off air.
ͨϨȣ
To restrain or check; discourage.
ƣֹɨ
Music To provide (the strings of a keyboard instrument) with dampers as a means of reducing the dynamic level.
֡ Сټģǿ䶯ĳ̶
Physics To decrease the amplitude of (a wave).
ѧ 
?
damp off ֲѧ
To be affected by damping off.
ݲʪӰ죬ݲ
?
Middle English [poison gas] 
йӢ [ж] 
perhaps from Middle Dutch [vapor] 
Դ йź [ˮ] 
?
dampish
adj.ݴʣ
damply
adv.ʣ
dampness
n.ʣ

= =
dance
dance
AHD:[d2ns] 
D.J.[d#ns]
K.K.[d#ns]
v.ʣ
danced,danc.ing,danc.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move rhythmically usually to music, using prescribed or improvised steps and gestures.
裺ͨǺнƶù涨Ļ˱ݵĲ
To leap or skip about excitedly.
ȸԾԾ
To appear to flash or twinkle:
ͻȻ
eyes that danced with merriment.
˸Ż
Informal To appear to skip about; vacillate:
ʽ ĴԾ
danced around the issue.
ԥ
To bob up and down.
°ڶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To engage in or perform (a dance).
μӻݣ赸
To cause to dance.
ʹ
To bring to a particular state or condition by dancing:
ĳ״̬״
My partner danced me to exhaustion.
ҵʹҾƣ
n.ʣ
A series of rhythmical motions and steps, usually to music.
赸貽һϵнƶ̤ͨǺ
The art of dancing:
赸
[They]  have both offered as a definition of dance: a spiritual activity in physical form (Susan Sontag)
 ֶΪ赸Ķ壺ʽ (ɺɣ)
A party or gathering of people for dancing; a ball.
᣺Ǿһļ᣻
One round or turn of dancing:
һ֧裺һֺϻһȦ
May I have this dance?
ҿ֧?
A musical or rhythmical accompaniment composed or played for dancing.
Ϊ赸Ϊֻİ
The act or an instance of dancing.
̬Ϊ
?
Middle English dauncen 
йӢ dauncen 
from Old French danser 
Դ ŷ danser 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
dancer
n.ʣ
dancingly
adv.ʣ

= =
danger
dan.ger
AHD:[d3njr] 
D.J.[6de!nd9*]
K.K.[6dend9+]
n.ʣ
Exposure or vulnerability to harm or risk.
ΣգΣΣյӰģ˺Σյ
A source or an instance of risk or peril.
ΣΣջðյԴ
Obsolete Power, especially power to harm.
 ǿָ˺
?
Middle English daunger [power, dominion, peril] 
йӢ daunger [ͳΣð] 
from Old French dangier 
Դ ŷ dangier 
from Vulgar Latin *domini3m [authority, power] 
Դ  *domini3m [Ȩ] 
from Latin dominium [sovereignty] 
Դ  dominium [ͳ] 
from dominus [lord, master] * see  dem- 
Դ dominus [] *μ dem- 

= =
dangerous
dan.ger.ous
AHD:[d3njr-s] 
D.J.[6de!nd9*r*s]
K.K.[6dend9*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Involving or filled with danger; perilous.
Σյģ漰ΣյģΣķ
Being able or likely to do harm.
ܻΣ
?
dangerously
adv.ʣ
dangerousness
n.ʣ

= =
dare
dare
AHD:[dar] 
D.J.[de*]
K.K.[dWr]
v.ʣ
dared,dar.ing,dares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have the courage required for:
ңҪﵽĵ
The gymnast dared a breathtakingly difficult move.
λѡָյĸѶȶ
To challenge (someone) to do something requiring boldness:
ƣĳˣȥҪ¸ҵ£
They dared me to dive off the high board.
ҴӸ̨ˮ
To confront or oppose boldly; defy.See Synonyms at defy 
ս¸ҵԻ򷴶ԣȻμ defy
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be courageous or bold enough to do or try something:
ڣң㹻ĳ£
Go ahead and dive if you dare.
ңˮȥ
v.aux.ʣ
To be courageous or bold enough to:
ң㹻͵
I dare not say. How dare she go?
Ҳ˵ôȥ?
n.ʣ
An act of daring; a challenge.
ƵΪս
?
Middle English daren 
йӢ daren 
from Old English dearr [first and third person sing. present indicative of] durran [to venture, dare] * see  dhers- 
Դ Ӣ dearr  [] durranڳʵһ͵˳Ƶ [ðգ] *μ dhers- 
?
darer
n.ʣ
?
Depending on its sense,the verbdare  sometimes behaves like an auxiliary verb (such as can  or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such aswant  or try ). When used as an 
auxiliary verb,dare  does not agree with its subject:  
˵dare ʱ൱ʣ can  may ) ʱ൱ʵ嶯 want  try ) ʱdare һ£  
Let him say that if he dare. 
ҵĻ˵ 
It also does not combine withdo  in questions, negations, or certain other constructions:  
Ҳʾ䡢񶨾ĳЩṹУdo ã  
Dare we tell her the truth?
ǸҸʵ?
I dare not mention their names. 
Ҳǵ֡ 
Finally, it does not taketo  before the complement verb that follows it:  
ڽĸǰôto   
If you dare breathe a word about it I'll never speak to you again. 
˵ȥһ֣ٲ˵ 
When used as a main verb,dare does agree with its subject (  
ʵ嶯ʱdare һҪһ(  
If he dares to show up at her house I'll be surprised), 
ҳķһеԾ) 
and it does combine withdo  (  
do (  
Did anyone dare to admit it?). 
˸ڳ?) 
It may optionally taketo  before the verb following it:  
пѡԵڽĶǰto   
No one dares (or dares to ) speak freely about the political situation.  
û˸ң dares to ) ɵ̸ʽ  
The auxiliary forms are used primarily in present tense questions, negations, imperatives, and conditional clauses.These forms differ subtly in meaning from the main verb formsin that 
they emphasize the attitude or involvement of the speakerwhile the main verb forms present a more objective situation.ThusHow dare she take the exam without ever once coming to 
class?  expresses indignation at the student's action, whereasHow did she dare to take the exam without ever once coming to class?  is a genuine request for information. Whendare  is 
used as a transitive verb meaning challenge, only main verb forms are possible andto  is required:  
ʽҪһʱʾ䡢񶨾䡢ʹӾСЩʽʵ嶯ʽ˼ϸ΢Ĳ𣬼ǿ˵ߵ̬ȺͲ룬ʵ嶯ʽһ
Ͽ͹۵ơôҴδϹξͲμӿ? ʾԸѧΪķŭ ȻδϹôҲμӿ? һʵϢ dare ﶯָս
ʱ ֻʵ嶯ʽҪto   
Anyone who dares (not dare ) him to attempt  (not just attempt ) it will be sorry.  
κθڣ dare )   attempt ) ȥ˻ź  
?
Dare
Dare
AHD:[dar] Virginia (1587-1587?) 
D.J.[de*]
K.K.[dWr]
NONE޴ԣ
The first child of English parents born in America. She disappeared with other members of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island in Virginia.
ǣ(1587-1587?) һӢŮã͸ǵ޶ŵ˵ʧȥֳصԱһʧ
?
DARE
DARE
abbr.
Dictionary of American Regional English  
طӢֵ  

= =
daring
dar.ing
AHD:[dar1ng] 
D.J.[6de*r!0]
K.K.[6dWr!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Willing to take or seek out risks; bold and venturesome.See Synonyms at adventurous 
¸ҵģ󵨵ģڽΣջѰðյģ󵨵ĺͺðյĲμ adventurous
n.ʣ
Audacious bravery; boldness.
¸ң±ç
?
daringly
adv.ʣ
daringness
n.ʣ

= =
dark
dark
AHD:[d?rk] 
D.J.[d$8k]
K.K.[d$rk]
adj.ݴʣ
dark.er,dark.est д dk.
Lacking or having very little light:
ڰģȱֻߵģ
a dark corner.
ڰĽ
Lacking brightness:
ȱģ
a dark day.

Reflecting only a small fraction of incident light.
΢ģĽһСֵ
Of a shade tending toward black in comparison with other shades. Used of a color.
ӰģɫģӰȽϣںɫӰġɫ
Having a complexion that is not fair; swarthy.
Ƥģзǰɫģ
Characterized by gloom; dismal:
İΪصģģ
took a dark view of the consequences.
Խֱۿ
Sullen or threatening:
Ļвģ
a dark scowl.
ɫ
Difficult to understand; obscure:
ģģģ
stories that are large in scope and dark in substance.
·ΧӴ󣬵
Concealed or secret; mysterious:
صĻܵģصģ
the dark mysteries of Africa and the fabled wonders of the East(W. Bruce Lincoln)
޺ɫغͶ񻰰漣(W.³˹ֿ)
Lacking enlightenment, knowledge, or culture:
û֪ʶģȱ֪ʶĻģ
a dark age in the history of education.
ʷϵĺڰʱ
Exhibiting or stemming from evil characteristics or forces; sinister:
׶ģյģչʾа谭аģ
churned up dark undercurrents of ethnic and religious hostility(Peter Maas)
ڽ̳ӵаǱ(˵á˹)
Having richness or depth:
еģģ
a dark, melancholy vocal tone.
ͳ
Not giving performances; closed:
ݳģرյģ
The movie theater is dark on Mondays.
ӰԺÿһ
n.ʣ
Absence of light.
ڰȱ
A place having little or no light.
ڰ֮ߺûйߵĵط
Night; nightfall:
ҹƻ裺
home before dark.
ǰؼ
A deep hue or color.
ɫɫɫ
?
in the dark
In secret:
ܵأ
high-level decisions made in the dark.
߲ܵƶ
In a state of ignorance; uninformed:
һ֪أδ֪ͨأ
kept me in the dark about their plans.
Ҷǵļƻһ֪
?
Middle English derk 
йӢ derk 
from Old English deorc 
Դ Ӣ deorc 
?
darkish
adj.ݴʣ
darkly
adv.ʣ
darkness
n.ʣ
?
dark,dim,murky,dusky,obscure,opaque,shady,shadowy
These adjectives indicate the absence of light or clarity.
Щݴʱʾȱ߻ȡ
 Dark,   the most widely applicable, can refer to insufficiency of illumination for seeing: 
 Dark  Ӧõ㷺ָܱû㹻ĹԴ 
Under the earth, in the flat, dark air, the wet, gloomy rock gave quarter grudgingly (Jimmy Breslin).The word can also denote deepness of shade or color ( 
ڵ£ġĿʪʯͷԸطֿ ס˹֣ҲܱʾӰɫ( 
dark brown), absence of cheer ( 
ɫ) ( 
a dark, somber mood), or lack of rectitude: 
ˡ) ȱֱ 
It [gold] serves what life requires,/But dreadful too, the dark Assassin hires  (Alexander Pope).
 ΪҪ񣬵ҲǿµģΪаİɱԱĹͽ  ɽ̻ʣ
 Dim   suggests lack of clarity of outline, as of physical entities or mental processes such as recollection: 
 Dim  ʾʹȱʵ̵ģ䣺 
life and the memory of it cramped,/dim, on a piece of Bristol board (Elizabeth Bishop);it can also apply to a source of light to indicate insufficiency: 
 һϵȰֽšģš ɯ״̣ҲڱʾߵԴ 
storied Windows richly dight,/Casting a dim religious light (John Milton).
ʷװθûʵĴͶһ˿ģڽ̹ߡ Լ׶٣
 Murky   implies darkness, often extreme, such as that produced by smoke or fog: 
 Murky  ָڰǼ˵ģ̻³ɵģ 
an atmosphere murky with sand  (Willa Cather). 
ɳӵµĺڰ ɪ 
The path was altogether indiscernible in the murky darkness which surrounded them  (Sir Walter Scott).Figuratively it can imply dark vagueness: 
 СΧԱ ֶء˹ؾʿԵذʾȷģ 
the narrow crevice of one good deed in a murky life of guilt (Charles Dickens).
 ͿһУеһ¡ ˹Ҹ˹
 Dusky   applies principally to the dimness that is characteristic of diminishing light, as at twilight: 
 Dusky  Ҫָ𽥼ĹΪصİʱ 
The dusky night rides down the sky,/And ushers in the morn (Henry Fielding);it often refers to deepness of shade of a color: 
 ҹ/糿 ƶָӰɫȣ 
A dusky blush rose to her cheek (Edith Wharton).
εӿա ˹٣
 Obscure   usually means unclear to the mind or senses ( 
 Obscure  ͨ˼˼о ( 
an obscure communiqu requiring clarification), but it can refer to physical darkness ( 
Ҫ˵˼·Ĺ) Ҳָϵĺڰ( 
the obscure rooms of a shuttered mansion). 
װϰҶĴõĺڰ) 
 Opaque   means not admitting penetration by light ( 
 Opaque  ָܱߴ͸( 
opaque rock crystals); figuratively it applies to something that is unintelligible: 
͸ʯ) ڱ飺 
Nixon confined himself to opaque philosophical statements that indicated he was not ready for a discussion of basic assumptions  (Henry A. Kissinger).
ɰԼڻɬѧУζ׼ۻ˵ A񣩡
 Shady   refers literally to what is sheltered from light, especially sunlight ( 
 Shady  ָܹģ̫( 
a shady grove of catalpas)  or figuratively to what is of questionable honesty ( 
ֲıܹԣ ָпɵĳʵ 
shady business deals). 
ɵҵ) 
 Shadowy  also implies obstructed light ( 
 Shadowy  ҲָסĹ ( 
a shadowy avenue through thick foliage) but may suggest shifting illumination and indistinctness: 
ïܵҶס) Ҳɰʾתģ 
[He] retreated from the limelight to the shadowy fringe of music history  (Charles Sherman).The word can refer to something that seems to lack substance and is mysterious and 
possibly sinister: 
 עĻصʷñԵ  ˹лʿָȱʵʺصĻа飺 
a shadowy figure in a black Homburg traversing the fogbound park. 
ͷɫ̱ñŨ˲ܵĹ԰ǻ 

= =
darling
dar.ling
AHD:[d?rl1ng] 
D.J.[6d$8l!0]
K.K.[6d$rl!0]
n.ʣ
A dearly beloved person.
İ
One that is greatly liked or preferred; a favorite:
ϲϲˣ
the pride and vanity of the rich, the darlings of fate(Mario Puzo)
˵Ľ˵ĳ(¡)
adj.ݴʣ
Dearly beloved.
İ
Regarded with special favor; favorite:
ӰģΪرϲģ谮ģ
Metaphysics and poetry . . . are my darling studies(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
ѧʫ԰ѧơ(Ѷ̩աƶ)
Informal Charming or amusing:
ʽ ˵ģģ
a darling hat.
˵ñ
?
Middle English dereling 
йӢ dereling 
from Old English d?g 
Դ Ӣ d?g 
d?e [dear] 
d?e [װ] 
-ling [diminutive suff.] * see  -ling 1
-ling [ʾСĺ׺] *μ -ling1

= =
dash
dash 1
AHD:[d2sh] 
D.J.[d#.]
K.K.[d#.]
v.ʣ
dashed,dash.ing,dash.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break or smash by striking violently.
ͻͨҵײͶ
To hurl, knock, or thrust with sudden violence.
ײͻȻıײ
To splash; bespatter.

To perform or complete hastily:
ִУɣ
dash off a letter; dash down a glass of juice.
ִٵдһţæغһƿ֭
To add an enlivening or altering element to.
ʹԾ任
To affect by adding another element or ingredient to:
ͨһػɷӰ죺
ice cream that was dashed with rum.
ķƵı
To destroy or wreck:
ƻٻ
Our dreams were dashed.See Synonyms at blast 
ǵ˲μ blast
To confound; abash.
ʹۣʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike violently; smash.
ҵײ
To move with haste; rush:
ٵƶͳ壺
dashed to the door.
ͳ嵽ſ
n.ʣ
A swift, violent blow or stroke:
ͻҵش
knocked the books to the floor with an impatient dash of his hand.
ͷһӣ͵Ƶ
A splash.

A small amount of an added ingredient:
ɷ֣
a dash of sherry.
ѩ
A quick stroke, as with a pencil or brush.
ʲһʣæһʣǦʻ򻭱
A sudden movement; a rush:
ͻȻƶͳ壺
made a dash for the exit.
ͳ嵽
Sports A footrace, usually less than a quarter-mile long, run at top speed from the outset.
˶ һܣͨķ֮һӢﳤһʼٶ
A spirited quality in action or style; verve.See Synonyms at vigor 
Ӣ£Ϊʽϵĸ͵Ʒʣμ vigor
A punctuation mark () used in writing and printing.
ۺţһֱţд
In Morse and similar codes, the long sound or signal used in combination with the dot and silent intervals to represent letters or numbers.
Ī˹ƵУźдļĸ
A dashboard.
Ǳ
?
Middle English dashen 
йӢ dashen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Danish daske [to beat] 
[Դ˹ά]    daske [] 
?
dash
dash 2
AHD:[d2sh] 
D.J.[d#.]
K.K.[d#.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dashed,dash.ing,dash.es 
To damn.

?
Alteration of damn 
 damnı仯

= =
data
da.ta
AHD:[d3t, d2t, d?t] 
D.J.[6de!t*, 6d#t*, 6d$8t*]
K.K.[6det*, 6d#t*, 6d$t*]
pl.n.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Factual information, especially information organized for analysis or used to reason or make decisions.
ϣʵϣָΪ֯Ϣ
Computer Science Numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer.
ѧ ݣϣϢϢʺϼʽ
Values derived from scientific experiments.
ӿѧʵȡļֵ
Plural of datum 
 datumĸ 
pl.n.attributive.︴ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
data communications; data updates.
ͨѶݸ
?
Latin [pl. of] datum * see  datum 
  [] datumĸ *μ datum
?
Data  originated as the plural of Latin datum,  something given, and many maintain that it must still be treated as a plural form.The New York Times,  for example, adheres to the 
traditional rule in this headline: 
Data Դ datum ĸʽ ˼ȻʽŦԼʱ ѭͳ ֱУ 
Data Are Elusive on the Homeless. 
޼ҿɹԶġ 
But whiledata  comes from a Latin plural form, the practice of treatingdata  as a plural in English often does not correspond to its meaning, given an understanding of what counts as 
data in modern research.We know, for example, what data on the homeless would consist ofsurveys, case histories, statistical analyses, and so forthbut it would be a vain 
exercise to try to sort all of these out into sets of individual facts,each of them a datum on the homeless. (Does a case history count as a single datum,or as a collection of them?Is 
a correlation between rates of homelessness and unemployment itself a datum, or is it an abstraction over a number of data?)Since scientists and researchers think of data as a 
singular mass entity like information,it is entirely natural that they should have come to talk about it as such and that others should defer to their practice.Sixty percent of the Usage 
Panel accepts the use ofdata  with a singular verb and pronoun in the sentenceOnce the data is in, we can begin to analyze it.  A still larger number, 77 percent, accepts the sentence 
ǵdata Դһʽ Ӣаdata Դó岻ϣ ִоһ⡣磬֪޼
ɹ˵ϡɵ顢ʷݷȵȹɡŰЩൽһ׸ʵһõĳԣеÿһΪ޼ҿɹ˵ϡ ʷ
һ򵥵ϣΪеһռ?޼ҿɹ˵ıʺʧҵ֮ϵһϣһϵеһȡȻѧҺоΪϺϢһ
һһ壬ǾӦ̸Ӧǵ˵ȫȻģٷ֮ʮ÷רʹСԱܰdata ͵ʺʹã ھ
һˣǾܿʼ У ıٷ֮ʮߵĳԱ˾ 
We have very little data on the efficacy of such programs, 
ĿĹЧϣǼûϣ 
where the singularity ofdata  is implicit in the use of the quantifier very little  (contrast the oddness ofWe have very little facts on the efficacy of such programs ). 
data ĵޱ very little  ǶһĿЧϣûжʵ ÷෴ 

= =
date
date 1
AHD:[d3t] 
D.J.[de!t]
K.K.[det]
n.Abbr. d.ʣд d.
Time stated in terms of the day, month, and year.
ڣա¡صʱ
A statement of calendar time, as on a document.
ڣʱļ
A specified day of a month.
·ضһ
A particular point or period of time at which something happened or existed, or is expected to happen.
ĳ﷢ڣĳ﷢ڻ򼴽ضĵһʱ
The time during which something lasts; duration.
ĳ³ڼ䣻һʱ
The time or historical period to which something belongs:
ʱڣĳڵʱʷڼ䣺
artifacts of a later date.
ڵ
An appointment, especially an engagement to go out socially with a member of the opposite sex, for example.See Synonyms at engagement 
ԵԼ᣺ԼᣬָԳȥ罻Լᣬμ engagement
A person's companion on such an outing.
ԼԼȥ˵ͬ
An engagement for a performance:
ڣΪݶİţ
has four singing dates this month.
ĳݳ
v.ʣ
dat.ed,dat.ing,dates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark or supply with a date:
ڱǻע
date a letter.
עŵ
To determine the date of:
ݣ
date a fossil.
ȷʯ
To betray the age of:
ʾ䣬ʹԵó¾ɣ
Pictures of old cars date the book.
ʽͼƬʹⱾ鿴ܾ
To go on a date with.
͡ȥԼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have origin in a particular time in the past:
ԴԣйȥضʱԴ
This statue dates from 500b.c.  
׷ݵԪǰ 500 
To become old-fashioned.
ʹʱʹ
To go on dates.
Լ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin data 
Դ  data 
from Latin data (Romae) [issued (at Rome) (on a certain day)] [feminine past participle of] dare [to give] * see  d?- 
Դ  data (Romae) [һضӣ]  [] dareԹȥִ [] *μ d?- 
?
datable  
dateable
adj.ݴʣ
dater
n.ʣ
?
date
date 2
AHD:[d3t] 
D.J.[de!t]
K.K.[det]
n.ʣ
The sweet, edible, oblong or oval fruit of the date palm, containing a narrow, hard seed.
棺ġʳõĳλԲεĺĹʵӲ
A date palm.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Proven?al datil 
Դ ˹ datil 
from Latin dactylus 
Դ  dactylus 
from Greek daktulos [date, finger (from its shape)] 
Դ ϣ daktulos [棬ָ״] 

= =
daughter
daugh.ter
AHD:[d?tr] 
D.J.[6d%8t*]
K.K.[6d%t+]
n.Abbr. d.ʣд d.
One's female child.
Ůĳ˵ŮС
A female descendant.
ŮԺ
A woman considered as if in a relationship of child to parent:
ĳҵĸŮΪǴںͬĸϵŮӣ
a daughter of the nation.
ҵŮ
One personified or regarded as a female descendant:
Ů̳ˣ˻Ļ򱻵ŮԺĲ
Culturally Japan is a daughter of Chinese civilization(Edwin O. Reischauer)
Ļ˵ձйĻļ̳ߡ(O.Ф)
Physics The immediate product of the radioactive decay of an element.
ѧ ̳ԪأĳԪط˥ֱӲ
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing the characteristics of a daughter; having the relationship of a daughter.
ŮƵģŮԵģŮĹϵ
?
Middle English doughter 
йӢ doughter 
from Old English dohtor * see  dhughter- 
Դ Ӣ dohtor *μ dhughter- 
?
daughterly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
dawn
dawn
AHD:[d?n] 
D.J.[d%8n]
K.K.[d%n]
n.ʣ
The time each morning at which daylight first begins.
ÿ糿չոճֵǶʱ
A first appearance; a beginning:
ȳ֣ˣ
the dawn of history.See Synonyms at beginning 
ʷԴμ beginning
v.intr.ﶯʣ
dawned,dawn.ing,dawns 
To begin to become light in the morning.
ճ糿쿪ʼ
To begin to appear or develop; emerge.
֣ʼֻչ
To begin to be perceived or understood:
ףʼ⣺
Realization of the danger soon dawned on us.
ǲʶΣյĴ
?
From Middle English daunen [to dawn] 
Դ йӢ daunen [] 
probably a back-formation from dauning [daybreak] 
Դ dauningɴ [] 
alteration of dauing 
 dauingı仯 
from Old English dagung 
Դ Ӣ dagung 
from dagian [to dawn] * see  agh- 
Դ dagian [] *μ agh- 

= =
day
day
AHD:[d3] 
D.J.[de!]
K.K.[de]
n.Abbr. dʣд d
The period of light between dawn and nightfall; the interval from sunrise to sunset.
죬磺ͻƻ֮йһʱ䣻ճļ
The 24-hour period during which Earth completes one rotation on its axis.
һ죺һȦתĶʮСʱʱ
The period during which a celestial body makes a similar rotation.
תһܵʱ䣺תһʱ
One of the numbered 24-hour periods into which a week, month, or year is divided.
ʱ䵥λڡ»걻ָɶʮСʱڼ֮һ
The portion of a 24-hour period that is devoted to work, school, or business:
ʱΣʮСʱڹѧ̵һ֣
an eight-hour day; a sale that lasted for three days.
Сʱգ
A 24-hour period or a portion of it that is reserved for a certain activity:
ضʱ䣺ĳһضĻĶʮСʱڼеһ֣
a day of rest.
Ϣ
A specific, characteristic period in one's lifetime:
һĳεʱ⣺˵һĳһضġصһʱڣ
That writer has had his day. In grandmother's day, skirts were long.
λԻһʱĸǸʱȹӶܳ
A period of opportunity:
᣺
Every defendant is entitled to a day in court.
ÿ涼лͥ
A period of time in history; an era:
ʷϵһʱڣʱ
We studied the tactics used in Napoleon's day. The day of computer science is well upon us.
оʱùĲԡƼʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the day.
ģڻйص
Working during the day:
ռģڰ칤ģ
the day nurse.
໤ʿ
Occurring before nightfall:
ҹĻǰֵģ
a day hike.
ͽ
?
day after day
For many days; continuously.
ģϵ
day in, day out
Every day without fail; continuously.
ϵÿһģϵ
?
Middle English dai, day 
йӢ dai, day 
from Old English d?g * see  agh- 
Դ Ӣ d?g *μ agh- 
?
Day
Day
AHD:[d3] Benjamin Henry (1810-1889) 
D.J.[de!]
K.K.[de]
NONE޴ԣ
American printer and journalist who founded the first penny newspaper, theNew York Sun  (1833). His son Benjamin  (1838-1916) invented the Ben Day process for shading printed 
illustrations. 
(1810-1889) ӡˢҵߺŹߣ˵һݡʿֽŦԼ̫ 1833꣩Ķ  (1838-1916꣩Ũӡˢͼı
ӡˢ 
?
Day
DayClarence Shepard, Jr. (1874-1935)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer best known for his autobiographicalLife with Father  (1935) and Life with Mother  (published 1937). 
С˹лõ£(1874-1935) ңԴ塶ͬһ 1935꣩ ͬĸһ 1937꣩ 
?
Day
DayDorothy (1897-1980)
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist and reformer who cofounded theCatholic Worker  in 1933 to promote pacifism and social justice. 
˹(1897-1980) Źߺ͸ĸң1933˹ͬˡĹˡ ᳫƽṫ 
?
Day
Day  Daye
AHD:[d3] Stephen (1594?-1668) 
D.J.[de!]
K.K.[de]
NONE޴ԣ
English-born colonist who was the first printer in New England. HisBay Psalm Book  appeared in 1640. 
˹ٷң(1594?-1668) ӢֳߣӢĵһλӡˢ̣ġʫ顷 1640 
?
Day
DayWilliam Rufus (1849-1923)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1903-1922).
¬˹(1849-1923) ѧң߼Ժ󷨹(1903-1922꣩

= =
daylight
day.light
AHD:[d3lot] 
D.J.[6de!7la!t]
K.K.[6de7la!t]
n.ʣ
The light of day; sunlight.
չ⣻
Daybreak.

Daytime.
죬
Exposure to public notice:
עع⣺
corrupt business practices that were finally brought into the daylight.
յعҵ̰Ϊ
Understanding or insight into what was formerly obscure:
⣺ԭģ򶴲죺
finally began to see daylight concerning the root of the problem.
ڿʼĸԴ
daylights Slang One's wits:
 daylights ٵ ǻۣ
His adventurism had scared the daylights out of them(Frederick Forsyth)
ðʹǵĻˡ(׵ˡ˼)

= =
dazzle
daz.zle
AHD:[d2zl] 
D.J.[6d#z*l]
K.K.[6d#z*l]
v.ʣ
daz.zled,daz.zling,daz.zles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light.
ʹĿѣʹۻʹ߱ģָǿ۾Ū
To amaze, overwhelm, or bewilder with spectacular display:
ʹȣʹ棺׳۵ıݱʾ桢֪Ի
a figure skater who dazzled the audience with virtuosic jumps.
ҷȵĵѹڿۻҵĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become blinded.
ĿѣʹʧȥӾ
To inspire admiration or wonder.
̾
n.ʣ
The act of dazzling or the state of being dazzled.
ѣʹۻжʹĿѣ״̬
?
[Frequentative of] daze 
 [] dazeظ
?
dazzler
n.ʣ
dazzlingly
adv.ʣ

= =
deadly
dead.ly
AHD:[ddl?] 
D.J.[6dedli8]
K.K.[6dWdli]
adj.ݴʣ
dead.li.er,dead.li.est 
Causing or tending to cause death:
ģģĻпܵģ
deadly weapons; a deadly spill of radioactive waste products.See Synonyms at fatal 
ĺ˷㵹μ fatal
Suggestive of death:
һģ
a deadly pallor.
˰Ĳ԰
Aiming or wanting to kill; implacable:
ģּɱĿĵģܺͽģ
deadly enemies.
ĳ
Destructive in effect:
лӰģ
gave the film a deadly review.
ⲿӰƬԵ
Tending to take away vitality, effectiveness, or force:
޻ģӰģ
the deadly habit of procrastination.
ǸҪĻϰ
Absolute; utter:
Եģȫģ
deadly concentration.
ר
Extreme or terrible:
ȵĻµģ
worked under deadly strain.
ڼȵĽ״̬¹
Extremely accurate; unerring:
ʮ־ȷģ׼ȷģ
She is a deadly shot with the bow.
׼
Dull, tedious, and boring:
ġƷζģ
a deadly prose style.
߳ζɢķ
adv.ʣ
So as to suggest death.
һ
To an extreme:
˵أ
deadly serious.

?
deadliness
n.ʣ

= =
deaf
deaf
AHD:[df] 
D.J.[def]
K.K.[dWf]
adj.ݴʣ
deaf.er,deaf.est 
Partially or completely lacking in the sense of hearing.
ģģֻȫɥʧ
Deaf Of or relating to the Deaf or their culture.
 Deaf ˵ģĻģ˵Ļ˵Ļģص
Unwilling or refusing to listen; heedless:
ŵģԸģܾģעģ
was deaf to our objections.
ǵ
n.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
Deaf people considered as a group.
ӣһȺ
Deaf The community of deaf people who use American Sign Language as a primary means of communication.
 Deaf 壺ָ˵壬ǵҪĽʽ֮һʹ
?
Middle English def, deef 
йӢ def, deef 
from Old English d?f 
Դ Ӣ d?f 
?
deafly
adv.ʣ
deafness
n.ʣ
?
Some writers have lately introduced a distinction between the lowercase noundeaf,  which is used to refer simply to people with extensive hearing disorders, and the capitalized noun 
Deaf,  which refers to the culture and community that has grown up around the use of American Sign Language as a primary means of communication.
һЩСдdeaf ʹд Deaf ֮һͬ㣬ǰָ߽ȫϰˣָһĻһ壬 ͨΪҪʹ
õĽʽγɵ

= =
deal
deal 1
AHD:[d?l] 
D.J.[di8l]
K.K.[dil]
v.ʣ
dealt[dlt] deal.ing,deals 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give out as a share or portion; apportion.
ַ
To distribute among several recipients.See Synonyms at distribute 
ַ͸߲μ distribute
To sell:

deal prescriptions; deal cocaine.
۴ſ¼
To administer; deliver:
䣻裺
dealt him a blow to the stomach.
ĸһ
Games 
Ϸ 
To distribute (playing cards) among players.

To give (a specific card) to a player while so distributing.
ʱĳضһƣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be occupied or concerned; treat:
й
a book that deals with the Middle Ages.
һʱ
To behave in a specified way toward another or others; have transactions:
ԴףһضķʽԴˣ򽻵
deal honestly with competitors.
ʵضԴ
To take action with respect to someone or something:
ĳ˻ĳ²ȡж
The committee will deal with this complaint.See Synonyms at treat 
ίԱὫҪͶ߲μ treat
To do business; trade:
⣻ף
dealing in diamonds.
Ӫʯ
Games To distribute playing cards.
Ϸ 
n.ʣ
The act or a round of apportioning or distributing.
Ķһ
Games 
Ϸ 
Distribution of playing cards.
ƵĶ
The cards so distributed; a hand.
ƣһ
The right or turn of a player to distribute the cards.
Ȩֵ
The playing of one hand.
Ƶһ
An indefinite quantity, extent, or degree:
Χ̶ȣ
has a great deal of experience.
зḻľ
An agreement often arranged secretly, as in business or politics.
Э飺ǩЭϻϵЭ
A business transaction.

An agreement, especially one that is mutually beneficial.See Synonyms at bargain 
Э飺ָ˫Эμ bargain
Informal A sale favorable especially to the buyer; a bargain.
ʽ ݽףָȶĽףռ˵Ľ
Informal Treatment received:
ʽ 
a raw deal; a fair deal.
ϲƽĴϹĴ
?
Middle English delen 
йӢ delen 
from Old English d?n [to divide, share] * see  dail- 
Դ Ӣ d?n [ֿ̯] *μ dail- 
?
deal
deal 2
AHD:[d?l] 
D.J.[di8l]
K.K.[dil]
n.ʣ
A fir or pine board cut to standard dimensions.
ľɼľ壺׼߶гɵɼľľ
Such boards or planks considered as a group.
ɼľľܳ
Fir or pine wood.
ɼľĻľľ
?
Middle English dele 
йӢ dele 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
Middle Low German dele [plank] 
йŵ͵ص dele [ľ] 

= =
dear
dear 1
AHD:[d?r] 
D.J.[d!*]
K.K.[d!r]
adj.ݴʣ
dear.er,dear.est 
Loved and cherished:
װģİģ
my dearest friend.
װ
Greatly valued; precious:
ǳӵģģ
lost everything dear to them.
ʧȥ䰮һ
Highly esteemed or regarded. Used in direct address, especially in salutations:
ģ𾴵ģܾġֱӵĳƺУָƣ
Dear Lee Dawson.
ɭ
High-priced; expensive.See Synonyms at costly 
۸ߵģĲμ costly
Charging high prices.
۸ߵ
Earnest; ardent:
еģԵģ
This good man was a dear lover and constant practicer of angling(Izaak Walton)
ڵ㲢ϵϰ(ˡֶ)
Obsolete Noble; worthy.
 ߹ģֵ𾴵
n.ʣ
One that is greatly loved.
װ
An endearing, lovable, or kind person.
ܰˣϲġɰĻ
adv.ʣ
With fondness; affectionately.
ȰأӰأ
At a high cost:
߼۵أ
sold their wares dear.
߼۳ǵļӹƷ
interj.̾ʣ
Used as a polite exclamation, chiefly of surprise or distress:
ǣѽڱʾòĸָ̾ʾȻʹࣺ
oh dear; dear me.
Ŷѽ
?
Middle English dere 
йӢ dere 
from Old English d?e 
Դ Ӣ d?e 
?
dearly
adv.ʣ
dearness
n.ʣ
?
dear
dear 2
AHD:[d?r] 
D.J.[d!*]
K.K.[d!r]
adj.ݴʣ
Severe; grievous; sore:
صģȵģʹģ
our dearest need.
еҪ
?
Middle English dere 
йӢ dere 
from Old English d?r 
Դ Ӣ d?r 

= =
death
death
AHD:[dth] 
D.J.[deG]
K.K.[dWG]
n.ʣ
The act of dying; termination of life.
Ķս
The state of being dead.
״̬
The cause of dying:

Drugs were the death of him.
Ʒ
A manner of dying:
ķʽ
a heroine's death.
Ӣµ
Often Death A personification of the destroyer of life, usually represented as a skeleton holding a scythe.
  Death Ļߵͨһֳִ
Bloodshed; murder.
Ѫıɱ
Execution.
͸ѹƻŭĳˣ޷͵ĳ̶
Christian Science The product of human belief of life in matter.
̿ѧɡ ʵģãʵĲ
Law Civil death.
ɡ ṫȨ
The termination or extinction of something:
ֹ
the death of imperialism.
۹
?
at death's door
Near to death; gravely ill or injured.
нľز
be the death of (someone)
To distress or irritate (someone) to an intolerable degree.

put to death
To execute.

to death
To an intolerable degree; extremely:
޷̵ĳ̶ȣȵأ
worried to death.

?
Middle English deeth 
йӢ deeth 
from Old English d?h * see  dheu- 2
Դ Ӣ d?h *μ dheu- 2

= =
debate
de.bate
AHD:[d1-b3t] 
D.J.[d!6be!t]
K.K.[d!6bet]
v.ʣ
de.bat.ed,de.bat.ing,de.bates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To consider something; deliberate.
ǣ
To engage in argument by discussing opposing points.
ۣͨ۶Ĺ۵㣩
To engage in a formal discussion or argument.See Synonyms at discuss 
ʽۣʽۻ۲μ discuss
Obsolete To fight or quarrel.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deliberate on; consider.
ϸǣ˼
To dispute or argue about.
ۣ
To discuss or argue (a question, for example) formally.
ʽۣʽۻ磨磬һ⣩
Obsolete To fight or argue for or over.
 ΪΪ
n.ʣ
A discussion involving opposing points; an argument.
ۣ෴۵ۣ
Deliberation; consideration:
˼ǣ
passed the motion with little debate.
ʲôǾͨ
A formal contest of argumentation in which two opposing teams defend and attack a given proposition.
۱ʽı۾УĶӾһб
Obsolete Conflict; strife.
 ͻ
?
Middle English debaten 
йӢ debaten 
from Old French debatre 
Դ ŷ debatre 
de- [de-] 
de- [ǰ׺෴] 
battre [to beat] * see  batter 1
battre [] *μ batter1
?
debatement
n.ʣ
debater
n.ʣ

= =
debt
debt
AHD:[dt] 
D.J.[det]
K.K.[dWt]
n.ʣ
Something owed, such as money, goods, or services.
ծǷǮ
An obligation or liability to pay or render something to someone else.
񣺳ĳ
The condition of owing:
ծ״̬
a young family always in debt.
Ǹծ˵ļͥ
An offense requiring forgiveness or reparation; a trespass.
ʧҪԭ»򲹳ʧ
?
Middle English dette 
йӢ dette 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *d?a 
Դ  *d?a 
pl. of Latin d?m [debt] [neuter past participle of] d?b?re [to owe] * see  ghabh- 
  d? [ծ]  [] d?b?reԹȥִ [Ƿ] *μ ghabh- 
?
debtless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
decade
dec.ade
AHD:[dk3d, d-k3d] 
D.J.[6dek7e!d, de6ke!d]
K.K.[6dWk7ed, dW6ked]
n.ʣ
A period of ten years.
ʮ
A group or series of ten.
ʮһ飬ʮһϵУʮɵһһϵ
?
Middle English [a group of ten] 
йӢ [ʮɵһ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin decas  decad- 
Դ  decas  decad- 
from Greek dekas 
Դ ϣ dekas 
from deka [ten] * see  dek? 
Դ deka [ʮ] *μ dek? 

= =
decay
de.cay
AHD:[d1-k3] 
D.J.[d!6ke!]
K.K.[d!6ke]
v.ʣ
de.cayed,de.cay.ing,de.cays 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Biology To break down into component parts; rot.
ѧ ãֽɸɲ֣
Physics To disintegrate or diminish by radioactive decay.
ѧ ˥䣺ڷ˥С
Electronics To decrease gradually in magnitude. Used of voltage or current.
ѧ ˥ֵ𽥼ָѹ
Aerospace To decrease in orbit. Used of an artificial satellite.
̫ѧ ˥ڹʱָ
To fall into ruin:
˥ٻ
a civilization that had begun to decay.
Ѿʼ˥
Pathology To decline in health or vigor; waste away.
ѧ ˥ݣڽ˥ˣ˥
To decline from a state of normality, excellence, or prosperity; deteriorate.
ʹ˥ˣٵ״̬˥ȥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to decay.
ʹãʹ˥
n.ʣ
The destruction or decomposition of organic matter as a result of bacterial or fungal action; rot.
ãлϸĻܵƻֽ⣻
Rotted matter.
õ
Physics Radioactive decay.
ѧ Եɱ䡢˥
Aerospace The decrease in orbital altitude of an artificial satellite as a result of conditions such as atmospheric drag.
̫ѧ ڴȵýڹ߶
A gradual deterioration to an inferior state:
˥ܡ˥״̬
tooth decay; urban decay.
е˥
A falling into ruin.
˥
?
Middle English decayen 
йӢ decayen 
from Old French decair 
Դ ŷ decair 
from Vulgar Latin *d?e 
Դ  *d?e 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [] 
Latin cadere [to fall] * see  kad- 
 cadere [ͣ] *μ kad- 
?
decayer
n.ʣ
?
decay,rot,putrefy,spoil,crumble,molder,disintegrate,decompose
These verbs all refer to gradual change resulting in destruction or dissolution.
Щʶʾ»ֽ𲽱仯
 Decay  denotes a falling away from soundness;it may imply a stage in deterioration short of complete destruction: 
 Decay  ʾýȫ״ָ̬δﵽ׻״̬ʱĶ񻯽׶Σ 
Dentists advise their patients to brush and floss regularly to prevent their teeth from decaying.
ҽǵĲ˶ˢýֹ
Rot  is sometimes synonymous withdecay  (  
Rot  ʱdecay Ĵһ(  
wood that had rotted), but it often, likeputrefy, stresses a stage of deterioration marked by offensiveness to the sense of smell:  
Ѿ˵ľͷ) putrefy ôʾǿ񻯵Ľ׶ΣŻζ  
Animal flesh that rots is attractive to vultures.
︯õأӥ
The intact carcass of the prehistoric animal was prevented from putrefying by the arctic cold.
ʷǰʱڶʬ壬ڱϺı¸á
Spoil   usually refers to the process by which perishable substances, especially food, become unfit for use or consumption: 
Spoil  ָͨʳ׻ʱòʹûѵḶ́ 
I put the veal scallops into the refrigerator before they could spoil.
СţܱǰҰǸڱ
Crumble   implies the physical breakdown of a substance into small fragments or particles: 
Crumble  ʷѳƬ˼ 
We saw the remains of an ancient church that had crumbled to ruins. To 
ǿѱɷĹŽá 
 molder   is to crumble to dust: 
 molder  ָΪ 
Her grandmother's shawl had moldered away in the trunk.
̵ΧѾ︯ˡ
Disintegrate   refers to complete breakdown into component parts and implies the destruction of usefulness or integrity: 
Disintegrate  ָȫѳɲ֣ζŹıƻ 
The sandstone fa?ade had disintegrated from long exposure to the elements.
ڳڱ¶ȻУɳҵıѾ绯ˡ
Decompose,   largely restricted to the breakdown of substances into their chemical components,also connotes rotting and putrefying, both literally and figuratively: 
Decompose  Ҫָʷѳ仯ѧɳɷݣиࡢõ˼ȿԴ⣬ҲԴ⣺ 
trivial personalities decomposing in the eternity of print (Virginia Woolf).
ȱٲŻ𽥴鼮ʧ άǡֶ

= =
deceit
de.ceit
AHD:[d1-s?t] 
D.J.[d!6si8t]
K.K.[d!6sit]
n.ʣ
The act or practice of deceiving; deception.
թƭΪƭ
A stratagem; a trick.
ƭֶΣƣƭ˵ļ
The quality of being deceitful; falseness.
Ʒʲʵα
?
Middle English deceite 
йӢ deceite 
from Old French [from past participle of] deceveir [to deceive] * see  deceive 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴdeceveirĹȥִ [ƭ] *μ deceive

= =
deceive
de.ceive
AHD:[d1-s?v] 
D.J.[d!6si8v]
K.K.[d!6siv]
v.ʣ
de.ceived,de.ceiv.ing,de.ceives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to believe what is not true; mislead.
ʹĳ²ģ
Archaic To catch by guile; ensnare.
 ղʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice deceit.
ƭ
?
Middle English deceiven 
йӢ deceiven 
from Old French deceveir 
Դ ŷ deceveir 
from Vulgar Latin *d??re} 
Դ  *d??re} 
from Latin d?e [to ensnare, deceive] 
Դ  d?e [Ȧףݺ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [] 
capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
capere [ץס] *μ kap- 
?
deceivable
adj.ݴʣ
deceiver
n.ʣ
deceivingly
adv.ʣ
?
deceive,betray,mislead,beguile,delude,dupe,hoodwink,bamboozle,double-cross
These verbs mean to lead another into error, danger, or a disadvantageous position, for the most part by underhand means.
⶯ͨթֶΰ˵Σջλõ˼
 Deceive   involves the deliberate concealment or the misrepresentation of the truth: 
 Deceive  ˼ 
There is a moment of difficulty and danger at which flattery and falsehood can no longer deceive (Letters of Junius).
ڼѺΣյʱ̣кƭɱˡ ˹ţ
 Betray  implies faithlessness or treachery: 
 Betray  вһѵ˼ 
When you betray somebody else, you also betray yourself (Isaac Bashevis Singer).
㱳ѱ˵ʱҲԼ ˡлά˿񣩡
 Mislead   means to lead in the wrong direction or into error of thought or action: 
 Mislead  Ϊķ˼άж 
My manhood, long misled by wandering fires,/Followed false lights (John Dryden).
ƵĻ泤õ󵼣ҵĳʱڸĹ⡱ Լ٣
 Beguile   suggests deceiving or misleading by means of pleasant or alluring methods: 
 Beguile  ͨѺõķաƭ˼ 
They beguiled unwary investors with tales of overnight fortunes. To 
һҹ֮ԷƵĳŵƭ˵ĵͶߡ 
 delude  is to mislead to the point where a person is unable to tell truth from falsehood or to form sound judgments: 
 Delude  ָƭһ̶ȣʹƭ޷ֱαɿжϣ 
The government deluded the public about the dangers of low-level radiation.
ƭڣڵǿȷΣԡ
Dupe   means to delude by playing upon another's susceptibilities or naivet: 
Dupe  Ϊ˵׶ɽƭ 
Gullible shoppers are easily duped by unscrupulous advertisers.
ᶨߺױµĹƭ
Hoodwink  refers to deluding by trickery: 
Hoodwink  ָͨƽƭ 
It is difficult to hoodwink a smart lawyer.
ƭһʦ
Bamboozle   less formally means to delude by the use of such tactics as hoaxing, befuddling, or artful persuasion: 
Bamboozle  ָͨϷŪģԻģƻȰƭʽϣ 
Perhaps if I wanted to be understood or to understand I would bamboozle myself into belief, but I am a reporter (Graham Greene).
Ҳ⣬ҿԺƭԼţǸߡ ķ֣
 Double-cross  implies the betrayal of a confidence or the willful breaking of a pledge: 
 Double-cross  б˵λⲻԵ˼ 
New members of the party felt they had been double-crossed by the old guard. 
ڵ³ԱǱǸԱƭˡ 

= =
decent
de.cent
AHD:[d?snt] 
D.J.[6di8s*nt]
K.K.[6dis*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by conformity to recognized standards of propriety or morality.
ģԷϹϵΪ͵¹淶Ϊ
Free from indelicacy; modest.
ŵģ
Meeting accepted standards; adequate:
ģ㹻ģﵽ˿ɽܵı׼ģ㹻ģ
a decent salary.
һ൱нˮ
Morally upright; respectable.
ɵģֱģֵ𾴵
Kind or obliging:
еģͰĻ˵ģ
very decent of them to lend you money.
ǽǮǺ
Informal Properly or modestly dressed.
ʽ ˵ģʵĻ
?
Latin dec?s  decent- [present participle of] dec?re [to be fitting] * see  dek- 
 dec?s  decent-  [] dec?reڷִ [ʺϵ] *μ dek- 
?
decently
adv.ʣ
decentness
n.ʣ

= =
decide
de.cide
AHD:[d1-sod] 
D.J.[d!6sa!d]
K.K.[d!6sa!d]
v.ʣ
de.cid.ed,de.cid.ing,de.cides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To settle conclusively all contention or uncertainty about:
͡ȷľ
decide a case; decided the dispute in favor of the workers.
оڹ˵ľ
To influence or determine the outcome of:
ӰĽ
A few votes decided the election.
һЩѡƱѡٵĽ
To cause to make or reach a decision.
ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pronounce a judgment; announce a verdict.
öжоþ
To make up one's mind.
¶
?
Middle English deciden 
йӢ deciden 
from Old French decider 
Դ ŷ decider 
from Latin d?odere} [to cut off, decide] 
Դ  d?odere} [жϣ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [] 
caedere [to cut] * see  ka-id- 
caedere [] *μ ka-id- 
?
decidability
n.ʣ
decidable
adj.ݴʣ
decider
n.ʣ
?
decide,determine,settle,rule,conclude,resolve
These verbs are compared as they mean to make or cause to make a decision.
Щʱʾʹ˼ʱԽбȽϡ
 Decide  is the least specific: 
 Decide  Ϊͨ 
If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each (John Marshall). 
໥֮гͻôԺÿɵʵʩѡ ԼЪ 
Her parents' pleas decided her against dropping out of college.
ĸʹöⲻ;ѧ
Determine  often involves somewhat narrower issues: 
Determine  漰ΧȽС⣺ 
A jury will determine whether the charges are true or false.
Žָصαþ
Settle   stresses finality of decision: 
Settle  ǿĶ֣ 
The lama waved a hand to show that the matter was finally settled in his mind (Rudyard Kipling).
ӻֱʾǸõ˽ ŵá֣
 Rule  implies that the decision is handed down by someone in authority: 
 Rule  оĳȨʽ˼ 
The faculty committee ruled that changes in the curriculum should be implemented.
УίԱγ̵ĸĶõִС
Conclude  suggests that a decision, opinion, or judgment has been arrived at after careful consideration: 
Conclude  Ϊ˼Ǵɵľ 
She concluded that it would be better to ignore the criticism.
ûǲЩ
Resolve  stresses the exercise of choice in making a firm decision: 
Resolve  ǿɱľʱеѡ 
I resolved to lose weight.
¾ļʡ
We resolved that nothing they said could induce us to trust them. 
¶ģ˵һж޷ʹ 

= =
decimal
dec.i.mal
AHD:[ds-ml] 
D.J.[6des*m*l]
K.K.[6dWs*m*l]
n.Mathematics ʣѧ 
A linear array of integers that represents a fraction, every decimal place indicating a multiple of a negative power of 10. For example, the decimal 0.1 = !/10, 0.12 = !"/100, 0.003 = 
#/1000.Also called  decimal fraction 
СʾУÿһСλñʾ10ĸݡ磬С0.1== !/100.12== !"/1000.003== #/1000Ҳ  decimal fraction
A number written using the base 10.
ʮƵ10Ϊ׵
adj.ݴʣ
Expressed or expressible as a decimal.
СģСʾĻСʾ
Based on 10.
ʮΪ׵
Numbered or ordered by groups of 10.
ʮλģʮһĻʮһе
?
Medieval Latin decim3s [of tenths or tithes] 
 decim3s [ʮ֮һ] 
from Latin decima [a tenth part or tithe] 
Դ  decima [ʮ] 
from decem [ten] * see  dek? 
Դ decem [ʮ] *μ dek? 
?
decimally
adv.ʣ

= =
decision
de.ci.sion
AHD:[d1-s1zhn] 
D.J.[d!6s!9*n]
K.K.[d!6s!9*n]
n.ʣ
The passing of judgment on an issue under consideration.
˼Ǿĳж
The act of reaching a conclusion or making up one's mind.
ģۻ¶
A conclusion or judgment reached or pronounced; a verdict.
þõĽۻоо
Firmness of character or action; determination.
ϣϣԸжļᶨ
Sports A victory in boxing won on points when no knockout has occurred.
˶ ж÷֣ȭжûʱ÷ֶжʤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.ci.sioned,de.ci.sion.ing,de.ci.sions ˶ 
To achieve a victory over, as in boxing:
Ӯʤȭпжܣ֣
He decisioned his opponent in the third round of the match.
ڵغϵıж˶
?
Middle English decisioun 
йӢ decisioun 
from Old French decision 
Դ ŷ decision 
from Latin d?osi?}  d?cosi?n- [curtailment, settlement] 
Դ  d?osi?}  d?cosi?n- [] 
from d?odere} [to cut off, decide] * see  decide 
Դ d?odere} [жϣ] *μ decide
?
decisional
adj.ݴʣ
?
decision,conclusion,determination
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a position, an opinion, or a judgment reached after consideration: 
ЩʹͬҪ"˼Ǻɵļ⡢Ż" 
a decision unfavorable to the opposition;
Էɲľ
came to the conclusion not to proceed;
۲Ҳչ
satisfied with the panel's determination. 
ľʾ 

= =
decisive
de.ci.sive
AHD:[d1-sos1v] 
D.J.[d!6sa!s!v]
K.K.[d!6sa!s!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the power to decide; conclusive.
ԵģȨģԵ
Characterized by decision and firmness; resolute.
ϵģйϼģᶨ
Beyond doubt; unmistakable:
ȷģʵģģ
a decisive defeat.
ȷʵɵʧ
?
decisively
adv.ʣ
decisiveness
n.ʣ
?
decisive,conclusive,crucial,definitive,determinative
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is determining or having the power to determine an outcome: 
Щݴʹͬĵĺ"ԵģȨ" 
the decisive vote;
ԵһƱ
a conclusive reason;
Եɣ
crucial experiments;
ؼʵ飻
a definitive verdict;
ȷĲþ
the determinative battle. indecisive 
Ես indecisive

= =
deck
deck 1
AHD:[dk] 
D.J.[dek]
K.K.[dWk]
n.Abbr. dk.ʣд dk.
Nautical A platform extending horizontally from one side of a ship to the other.
 װ壬棺Ӵһһˮƽƽ̨
A platform or surface likened to a ship's deck.
ƽ̨󴬼װһĲ
A roofless, floored area, typically with low sides, that adjoins a house.
¶̨ݶеذƽ̨͵̨СĲߣ뷿
The roadway of a bridge or an elevated freeway.
гָгָ߼ܵĹ·
A pack of playing cards.
һ˿
Computer Science A group of data processing cards.
ѧ Ƭ飬Ƭһ鴦ݵĿƬ
A tape deck.
ŴŴߴװ
Slang A packet of narcotics.
ٵ һƷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
decked,deck.ing,decks 
To furnish with or as if with a deck.
ϼװ
Slang To knock down with force:
ٵ 
He decked his sparring partner.
ȭѵʱĶ
?
clear the deckʽ
To prepare for action.
׼ʼж
hit the deckٵ
To get out of bed.

To fall or drop to a prone position.
³ʸ
To prepare for action.
׼ʼж
on deck
On hand; present.
ͷڳ
Sports Waiting to take one's turn, especially as a batter in baseball.
˶ ׼һϳԱ׼һϳģָڰ˶
?
Middle English dekke 
йӢ dekke 
from Middle Dutch dec [roof, covering] * see  (s)teg- 
Դ йź dec [ݶ] *μ (s)teg- 
?
deck
deck 2
AHD:[dk] 
D.J.[dek]
K.K.[dWk]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
decked,deck.ing,decks 
To clothe with finery; adorn. Often used without : 
磺ķװout ã 
We were all decked out for the party.
Ƕ׼ȥ
To decorate:
װΣ
decked the halls for the holidays.
Ϊװ
?
Dutch dekken [to cover] 
 dekken [] 
from Middle Dutch decken * see  (s)teg- 
Դ йź decken *μ (s)teg- 

= =
declaration
dec.la.ra.tion
AHD:[dkl-r3shn] 
D.J.[7dekl*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7dWkl*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. dec.ʣд dec.
An explicit, formal announcement, either oral or written.
棺ָͷдʽ
The act or process of declaring.
ΪΪ
A statement of taxable goods or of properties subject to duty.
걨˰Ʒ򷿵ز˰
Law 
ɡ 
A formal statement by a plaintiff specifying the facts and circumstances constituting his or her cause of action.
ߴʣ״ԭ͹ȡжʵʽ
An unsworn statement of facts that is admissible as evidence.
֤ʣָûĵ֤ʵΪ֤
Games A bid, especially the final bid of a hand in certain card games.
Ϸ ԼƣָĳЩ˿ϷһƵĽ

= =
declare
de.clare
AHD:[d1-klar] 
D.J.[d!6kle*]
K.K.[d!6klWr]
v.ʣ
de.clared,de.clar.ing,de.clares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make known formally or officially.See Synonyms at announce 
棬棺ʽػͨٷʹΪ֪μ announce
To state emphatically or authoritatively; affirm.
ƣǿԵػȨʽƣ
To reveal or make manifest; show.
ʾʾ
To make a full statement of (dutiable goods, for example).
걨磬˰Ʒ
Games To designate (a trump suit or no-trump) with the final bid of a hand in bridge.
Ϸ ԼƣʱͨһƵĶԼָһƻƣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a declaration.
棺ԣ
To proclaim one's support, choice, opinion, or resolution.See Synonyms at assert 
ƣ̬֧֣ԼѡŻĲμ assert
?
declare war
To state formally the intention to carry on armed hostilities against.
սʽͼս״̬Էԡ
To state one's intent to suppress or eradicate:
ͼѹ
declared war on drug dealing in the neighborhood.
ڽضνеĶƷս
?
Middle English declaren 
йӢ declaren 
from Old French declarer 
Դ ŷ declarer 
from Latin d?3r3re} 
Դ  d?3r3re} 
d?- [intensive pref.] * see  de- 
d?- [ǿǰ׺] *μ de-
cl33re} [to make clear]  from cl3s [clear] * see  kel- 2
cl33re} [ʹ]  Դ cl3s [] *μ kel- 2
?
declarable
adj.ݴʣ
declarer
n.ʣ

= =
decline
de.cline
AHD:[d1-klon] 
D.J.[d!6kla!n]
K.K.[d!6kla!n]
v.ʣ
de.clined,de.clin.ing,de.clines 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express polite refusal.
ܣл
To slope downward; descend.
б
To bend downward; droop.
´
To degrade or lower oneself; condescend.
Լݣ𸩾
To deteriorate gradually; fail.
𽥶񻯣˥
To sink, as the setting sun.
³
To draw to a gradual close; wane.
ӽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To refuse politely:
ǣл
I declined their offer of help.See Synonyms at refuse 1
лİμ refuse1
To cause to slope or bend downward.
ʹбʹ
Grammar To inflect (a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective) for number and case.
﷨ β仯ʹʣʻݴʣ͸仯
n.ʣ
The process or result of declining, especially a gradual deterioration.
˥ˣ˥䣬ָ𽥶񻯵Ĺ̻
A downward movement.
½£µ˶
The period when something approaches an end.
ڣӽʱ
A downward slope; a declivity.
б££б
A disease that gradually weakens or wastes the body.
Ĳʹ˥ݵļ
?
Middle English declinen 
йӢ declinen 
from Old French decliner 
Դ ŷ decliner 
from Latin d?on3re} [to turn away, bend downward, change the form of a word] 
Դ  d?on3re} [תı] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [] 
-clo3re} [to lean, bend] * see  klei- 
-clo3re} [б] *μ klei- 
?
declinable
adj.ݴʣ
decliner
n.ʣ

= =
decorate
dec.o.rate
AHD:[dk-r3t] 
D.J.[6dek*7re!t]
K.K.[6dWk*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dec.o.rat.ed,dec.o.rat.ing,dec.o.rates 
To furnish, provide, or adorn with something ornamental; embellish.
ΣװԵĶãṩʹɫ
To confer a medal or other honor on:
ѫѫ»
was decorated for bravery.
ΪӢ¶ѫ
?
From Middle English decorat [made beautiful] 
Դ йӢ decorat [ʹƯ] 
from Latin decor3s [past participle of] decor3re [to beautify] 
Դ  decor3s  [] decor3reĹȥִ [] 
from decus  decor- [honor, ornament] * see  dek- 
Դ decus  decor- [װ] *μ dek- 

= =
decrease
de.crease
AHD:[d1-kr?s] 
D.J.[d!6kri8s]
K.K.[d!6kris]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
de.creased,de.creas.ing,de.creas.es 
To grow or cause to grow gradually less or smaller, as in number, amount, or intensity.
٣Ŀǿȷ𽥱ûʹٻС
n.ʣ
AHD:[d?kr?s] д dec.
The act or process of decreasing.
٣СٵĹ
The amount by which something decreases.
ٶ
?
Middle English decresen 
йӢ decresen 
from Old French decreistre  decreiss- 
Դ ŷ decreistre  decreiss- 
from Latin d??scere} 
Դ  d??scere} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ȥ] 
cr?e [to grow] * see  ker- 2
cr?e [] *μ ker- 2
?
decreasingly
adv.ʣ
?
decrease,lessen,reduce,dwindle,abate,diminish,subside
These verbs mean to become or cause to become smaller or less.
ЩʵΪûʹС١
 Decrease and lessen,  interchangeable in most contexts, refer to steady or gradual diminution: 
 Decrease  lessen ڴпɻ ָȶ𲽵ļ٣ 
Traffic decreases on holidays.
ڼ˳ˡ
Lack of success decreases confidence.
ʧʹĽ
Use your seat belt to lessen the danger of injury in an accident.
ϵΰȫٽͨ¹˵Σա
His appetite lessens as his illness progresses.
Ųļأʳ½ˡ
Reduce  emphasizes bringing down, as in size, degree, or intensity: 
Reduce  ǿڴС̶Ȼǿȷ½٣ 
The workers reduced their wage demands.
ǽڹʷҪ
Dwindle  suggests decreasing bit by bit to a vanishing point: 
Dwindle  һһֱʧ˼ 
Their savings dwindled away.
ǵĻһĴˡ
Abate   stresses a decrease in amount or intensity and suggests a reduction of excess: 
Abate  ǿǿȷ٣ȥ˼ 
Toward evening the fire began to abate.
쵽ʱ򣬻Ƽˡ
Nothing can abate the force of that argument.
ʲôҲܼǳ۵Ӱ
Diminish  implies taking away or removal: 
Diminish  ߻ȥ˼ 
An occasional outburst didn't diminish my respect for her.
żһηδҶ𾴡
The warden's authority diminished after the revolt.
ȨڶҺ½ˡ
Subside  implies a falling away to a more normal level: 
Subside  нһˮƽ˼ 
The wild enthusiasm the team's victory aroused did not subside. 
֧ӵʤĿ֮û 

= =
dedicate
ded.i.cate
AHD:[dd1-k3t] 
D.J.[6ded!7ke!t]
K.K.[6dWd!7ket]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ded.i.cat.ed,ded.i.cat.ing,ded.i.cates 
To set apart for a deity or for religious purposes; consecrate.
ףΪڽĿĶף
To set apart for a special use:
Ϊĳһ;ף
dedicated their money to scientific research.
ǵǮڿѧо
To commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action:
ŵһض뷨ŵһضж
dedicated ourselves to starting our own business.See Synonyms at devote 
ǿʼӪԼμ devote
To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.
ףڣ磬һѧƷ״ʱʾ𾴻򰮴
To open (a building, for example) to public use.
ţ磬ʹ
To show to the public for the first time:
״չʾ
dedicate a monument.
Ϊһݾʽ
?
Middle English dedicaten 
йӢ dedicaten 
from Latin d?3re}  d?dic3t- 
Դ  d?3re}  d?dic3t- 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ȫ] 
dic3e [to proclaim] * see  deik- 
dic3e [] *μ deik- 
?
dedicator
n.ʣ

= =
deduce
de.duce
AHD:[d1-d?s, -dy?s] 
D.J.[d!6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[d!6dus, -6djus]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.duced,de.duc.ing,de.duc.es 
To reach (a conclusion) by reasoning.
ۣͨóۣ
To infer from a general principle; reason deductively.
һԭƶϳ
To trace the origin or derivation of.
Դ׷ݡԴͷԴڡ
?
Middle English deducen 
йӢ deducen 
from Latin d??cere} [to lead away or down] 
Դ  d??cere} [ʹת] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ʾ"뿪"] 
d?e [to lead] * see  deuk- 
d?e [] *μ deuk- 
?
deducible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
deed
deed
AHD:[d?d] 
D.J.[di8d]
K.K.[did]
n.ʣ
Something that is carried out; an act or action.
飺е£Ϊж
A usually praiseworthy act; a feat or exploit.
Ӣ¼ֵͨñΪɾͻ򹦼
Action or performance in general:
ΪжһϵΪ֣
Deeds, not words, matter most.
жԴǣҪ
Law A document sealed as an instrument of bond, contract, or conveyance, especially relating to property.
ɡ Լ֤飺ӷӡļָزйصԼͬת֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
deed.ed,deed.ing,deeds 
To transfer by means of a deed:
תã
deeded the property to the children.
ѲƲתø
?
Middle English dede 
йӢ dede 
from Old English d?d * see  dh?- 
Դ Ӣ d?d *μ dh?- 

= =
deem
deem
AHD:[d?m] 
D.J.[di8m]
K.K.[dim]
v.ʣ
deemed,deem.ing,deems 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have as an opinion; judge:
ţ϶
deemed it was time for a change.
ǻʱ
To regard as; consider:
Ϊã
deemed the results unsatisfactory.See Usage Note at as 1
Ϊμ as1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have an opinion; think.See Synonyms at consider 
Ϊμ consider
?
Middle English demen 
йӢ demen 
from Old English d?n * see  dh?- 
Դ Ӣ d?n *μ dh?- 

= =
deep
deep
AHD:[d?p] 
D.J.[di8p]
K.K.[dip]
adj.ݴʣ
deep.er,deep.est 
Extending far downward below a surface:
ģ죬ԶԶڱģ
a deep hole in the river ice.
ڱ
Extending far inward from an outer surface:
ģԶģ
a deep cut.
п
Extending far backward from front to rear:
ģǰԶģ
a deep walk-in refrigerator.
Ĵ䶳
Extending far from side to side from a center:
ģӲĵչԶģ
a deep yard surrounding the house.
ͥԺΧ
Far distant down or in:
ģģλģ
deep in the woods.
ɭ
Coming from or penetrating to a depth:
ԶģĻ͸ģ
a deep sigh.
̾Ϣ
Sports Located or taking place near the outer boundaries of the area of play:
˶ Χشģߵģλڻڿ򳡵ⲿ߽ģ
deep left field.
Ұ
Extending a specific distance in a given direction:
ȵģָһչģ
snow four feet deep.
Ӣߺѩ
Far distant in time or space:
ңԶģʱϺԶģ
deep in the past.
ңԶĹȥ
Difficult to penetrate or understand; recondite:
µģģ׶ģ
a deep metaphysical theory.
µζѧ
Of a mysterious or obscure nature:
صģ˼ģѽģ
a deep secret; ancient and deep tribal rites.
أ϶صĲʽ
Very learned or intellectual; wise:
ѧģԨģϻ۵ģǵģ
a deep philosopher.
ѧ
Exhibiting great cunning or craft:
ģǵģƻģթģ
deep political machinations.
ƻı
Of a grave or extreme nature:
صģ˵ģ
deep trouble; deepest deceit.
ѵصƭ
Very absorbed or involved:
רĵģݵģȫעģݵģ
deep in thought; deep in financial difficulties.
˼֮
Profound in quality or feeling:
ǿҵģģƷʻеģ
a deep trance; deep devotion.
ȫķ
Rich and intense in shade. Used of a color:
ɫģŨҵġָɫ
a deep red.
ɫ
Low in pitch; resonant:
ͳģָߵ͵ģģ
a deep voice.
ͳ
Covered or surrounded to a designated degree. Often used in combination:
ģǻΧضĳ̶ȵģڸϴʣ
waist-deep in the water; ankle-deep in snow.
ˮѩ
Large in quantity or size; big:
ȵģߴ緽ģģ
deep cuts in the budget.
ȵĲԤϵĲü
adv.ʣ
To a great depth; deeply:
أأ
dig deep; feelings that run deep.
ڵز¶ĸ
Well along in time; late:
ڵأʱأٵأ
worked deep into the night.
ֱҹ
Sports Close to the outer boundaries of the area of play:
˶ أ򳡵ⳡߣ
played deep for the first three innings; ran deep into their opponents' territory.
ͷа⣻Էĵط
n.ʣ
A deep place in land or in a body of water:
½ػƬˮ
drowned in the deep of the river.
ںˮ
A vast, immeasurable extent:
ģĪ
the deep of outer space.
̫
The extent of encompassing time or space; firmament.
ԶԨʱռķΧ
The most intense or extreme part:
ǿҵĲ֣˵Ĳ֣
the deep of night.
ҹ
The ocean.

Nautical A distance estimated in fathoms between successive marks on a sounding line.
 ˮʾͨıǹƳӢľ
?
deep down
At bottom; basically:
ϣ
Deep down, she was still a rebel.
ʵǸ
in deep water
In difficulty.
鷳
?
Middle English dep 
йӢ dep 
from Old English d?p * see  dheub- 
Դ Ӣ d?p *μ dheub- 
?
deeply
adv.ʣ
deepness
n.ʣ
?
deep,abysmal,profound
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is extending far downward or inward from a surface: 
ЩݴʵҪ˼ǡӱ»Զ 
a deep lake;

falling from a cliff through abysmal space;
׹ɲĿռ䣻
a profound glacial chasm. shallow 
ıԨ shallow

= =
deepen
deep.en
AHD:[d?pn] 
D.J.[6di8p*n]
K.K.[6dip*n]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
deep.ened,deep.en.ing,deep.ens 
To make or become deep or deeper.
ʹ

= =
deer
deer
AHD:[d?r] 
D.J.[d!*]
K.K.[d!r]
n.ʣ
 deer 
Any of various hoofed ruminant mammals of the family Cervidae, characteristically having deciduous antlers borne chiefly by the males. The deer family also includes the elk, moose, 
caribou, and reindeer.
¹¹ƶеκһķۻ鶯¹лĽǡ¹ƶҲ¹硢ѱ¹Լѱ¹
?
Middle English der [beast] 
йӢ der [Ұ] 
from Old English d?r 
Դ Ӣ d?r 
?
In various Middle English textsone finds a fish, an ant, or a fox called ader,  the Middle English ancestor of our worddeer.  In its Old English formd?, our word referred to any animal, 
including members of the deer family,and continued to do so in Middle English,although it took on the specific sense a deer.By the end of the Middle English period, around 
1500,the general sense had all but disappeared. Deer  is a commonly cited example of a semantic process called specialization,by which the range of meaning of a word is narrowed or 
restricted.When Shakespeare uses the expression mice and rats, and such small deer for Edgar's diet inKing Lear,  probably written in 1605, we are not sure whetherdeer  has the 
general or the specific sense. 
ڸָӢУǿԷ㡢ϻ걻Ϊder  ǵdeer ӢеĳΡ ôʵĹӢʽΪdeor ָκһֶ ¹ƶ
Ա÷һֱӢСܵʱôʽˡ¹һض˼ӢʱڽʱԼ1500꣬ôʵͨ˼ȫʧˡ Deer  
ΪǨе⻯ӣͨ⻯Ḷ́ʵⷶΧСˣܵơɯʿڴԼ1605д ʱámice and ratsand such small 
deerʾ¼ӵʳʱ ޷ȷdeer ָͨ˼ָض˼ 

= =
defeat
de.feat
AHD:[d1-f?t] 
D.J.[d!6fi8t]
K.K.[d!6fit]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.feat.ed,de.feat.ing,de.feats 
To win victory over; beat.
սʤ
To prevent the success of; thwart:
ӡĳɹܣ
Internal strife defeats the purpose of teamwork.
ڲŶӺĿ
Law To make void; annul.
ɡ ʹϣϳ
n.ʣ
The act of defeating or state of being defeated.
սʤսܣܵΪ򱻻ܵ״
Failure to win.
ʧ
A coming to naught; frustration:
𣺱ʲôûУݻ٣
the defeat of a lifelong dream.

Law The act of making null and void.
ɡ ϳʹϺЧ
?
Middle English defeten 
йӢ defeten 
from defet [disfigured] 
Դ defet [ʹ] 
from Old French desfait [past participle of] desfaire [to destroy] 
Դ ŷ desfait  [] desfaireĹȥִ [] 
from Medieval Latin disfacere [to destroy, mutilate, undo] 
Դ  disfacere [𣬻ٻȡ] 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ʾ"ȥ"] 
Latin facere [to do] * see  dh?- 
 facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
defeater
n.ʣ
?
defeat,conquer,vanquish,beat,rout,subdue,subjugate,overcome
These verbs mean to get the better of an adversary.
Щʶʾսʤֵ˼
 Defeat   is the most general: 
 Defeat  ͨ 
Whether we defeat the enemy in one battle, or by degrees,the consequences will be the same (Thomas Paine).
һսлܵˣ𲽵ػǣһġ ˹˶
 Conquer  suggests decisive and often wide-scale victory: 
 Conquer  оԵġǴģʤ˼ 
A conquering army on the border will not be halted by the power of eloquence (Otto von Bismarck).
߾ϴʤ̵ľӲΪ۱ֹͣǰġ С롤˹󣩡
 Vanquish   emphasizes total mastery: 
 Vanquish  ǿȫĿƣ 
The forces of Napoleon were vanquished at Waterloo.
صľڻ¬ȫû
Beat,  less formal, is often the equivalent ofdefeat,   thoughbeat  may convey greater emphasis:  
Beat  ȽϲʽΪdefeat ĶԵȴ beat Դݸǿ壺  
To win battles . . . you beat the soul . . . of the enemy man (George S. Patton).
 Ҫʤ̣͵ôܵ˵ꡱ ΡSͶ٣
 Rout   implies complete victory followed by the disorderly flight of the defeated force: 
 Rout  аܾɢŵȫʤ 
An entire division was routed during the first hours of the war.
սͷСʱУʦͳˡ
Subdue   suggests mastery and control achieved by overpowering: 
Subdue  ΪǿܺͿƵ˼ 
It cost [the Romans] two great wars, and three great battles, to subdue that little kingdom  [Macedonia]   (Adam Smith).
  δģսδģս۲ȫƷǸС    ǵʷ˹
 Subjugate   more strongly implies reducing an opponent to submission: 
 Subjugate  ǿҵغʹֽ˼ 
The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William (Stanley Meisler). To
һƷӢһ ˹̹÷˹գ
 overcome   is to prevail over, often by persevering: 
 Overcome  ָʤֲͨиŬ 
overcome an enemy;
սʤˣ
overcome temptation;
˷ջ
overcome a physical handicap. 
˷ϵĲм 

= =
defect
de.fect
AHD:[d?fkt, d1-fkt] 
D.J.[6di87fekt, d!6fekt]
K.K.[6di7fWkt, d!6fWkt]
n.ʣ
The lack of something necessary or desirable for completion or perfection; deficiency:
覴ãëȱԲĳȱ㣬ȱݣ
a visual defect.
Ӿȱ
An imperfection that causes inadequacy or failure; a shortcoming.See Synonyms at blemish 
ǷȱɲƶĲʧܣȱμ blemish
v.intr.ﶯʣ
de.fect.ed,de.fect.ing,de.fects[d1-fkt]  
To disown allegiance to one's country and take up residence in another:
ӣĳ˵ȡڱסʸ
a Soviet citizen who defected to Israel.
һӵɫе
To abandon a position or an association, often to join an opposing group:
ѣְλˣͨΪ˼жԵ֯
defected from the party over the issue of free trade.
ó׵ϱԼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin d?s [failure, want] [from past participle of] d?ficere [to desert, be wanting] 
Դ  d?s [ȱ]  [] Դd?ficereĹȥִ [ȱ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ʾ񶨡] 
facere [to do] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
defection
n.ʣ
defector
n.ʣ

= =
defence
de.fence
AHD:[d1-fns] 
D.J.[d!6fens]
K.K.[d!6fWns]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of defense 
 defenseı

= =
defend
de.fend
AHD:[d1-fnd] 
D.J.[d!6fend]
K.K.[d!6fWnd]
v.ʣ
de.fend.ed,de.fend.ing,de.fends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or keep safe from danger, attack, or harm.
ʹȫ򱣳ְȫûΣգܹ˺
To support or maintain, as by argument or action; justify.
ֻ֧֣֧άͨȡжΪ绤
Law 
ɡ 
To represent (a defendant) in a civil or criminal action.
绤Ϊ棩»Ͻб绤
To attempt to disprove or invalidate (an action or a claim).
磺ͼ֤ϻǴģʹϻЧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a defense.

?
Middle English defenden 
йӢ defenden 
from Old French defendre 
Դ ŷ defendre 
from Latin d?e [to ward off] * see  g when- 
Դ  d?e [ܿ] *μ g when- 
?
defendable
adj.ݴʣ
defender
n.ʣ
?
defend,protect,guard,preserve,shield,safeguard
These verbs mean to make or keep safe from danger, attack, or harm.
Щʵ˼ǣʹȫ򱣳ְȫ״̬Σա˺
 Defend  implies the taking of measures to repel an attack: 
 Defend  вȡʩƽ˼ 
defending the island against invasion;
첻ַ
tried to defend his reputation.
ͼ
Protect  often suggests providing a cover to repel discomfort, injury, or attack: 
Protect  ṩȫķʽʡ˺ 
bought a dog to protect the children from unfriendly strangers;
һǱܿƵİˣ
wore sunglasses to protect my eyes;
̫ҵ۾
has to learn to protect herself.
òѧұ
Guard  suggests keeping watch: 
Guard  пص˼ 
police guarding the entrance to the embassy;
شʹݳڴľ죻
guarded the house against intruders. To 
طԾߡ 
 preserve  is to take measures to maintain something in safety: 
 Preserve  ָȡʩάİȫ 
fighting to preserve freedom;
Ϊɶս
ecologists working to preserve our natural resources.
ΪǵȻԴ̬ѧǡ
Shield  suggests protection likened to a piece of defensive armor interposed between the threat and the threatened: 
Shield  б˼вߺв֮ķԼУ 
His lawyers tried to shield him from the angry reporters.
ʦͼܿŭļߡ
Safeguard   stresses protection against potential or less imminent dangerand often implies preventive action: 
Safeguard  ǿǱڵĻôȽΣգзж˼ 
The Bill of Rights safeguards our individual liberties. 
Ȩǵĸɡ 

= =
deficiency
de.fi.cien.cy
AHD:[d1-f1shn-s?] 
D.J.[d!6f!.*nsi8]
K.K.[d!6f!.*nsi]
n.ʣ
 de.fi.cien.cies 
The quality or condition of being deficient; incompleteness or inadequacy.
ȱ㣬ȱݣƵʻ״򲻳
A lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health; an insufficiency:
ȱȱ٣㣬ָԽʮֱĶ
a nutritional deficiency.
Ӫȱ

= =
deficit
def.i.cit
AHD:[df1-s1t] 
D.J.[6def!s!t]
K.K.[6dWf!s!t]
n.ʣ
Inadequacy or insufficiency:
㣺ȱ򲻹
a deficit in grain production.

A deficiency or impairment in mental or physical functioning.
ȱݣĹܷĲȫ
An unfavorable condition or position; a disadvantage:
ʧλ򴦾׶ˣ
rallied from a three-game deficit to win the playoffs.
ʧģӮüӳʤ
The amount by which a sum of money falls short of the required or expected amount; a shortage:
֣һǮﲻҪǮȱ֣
large budget deficits.
Ĳ
A business loss.
ҵʧ
?
French dficit 
 dficit 
from Latin d?t [it is lacking] [third person sing. present tense of] d?ficere [to fail, be lacking] * see  defect 
Դ  d?t [ȱ]  [] d?ficereĵ˳Ƶʱ [ȱ٣] *μ defect

= =
define
de.fine
AHD:[d1-fon] 
D.J.[d!6fa!n]
K.K.[d!6fa!n]
v.ʣ
de.fined,de.fin.ing,de.fines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To state the precise meaning of (a word or sense of a word, for example).
¶壺磬ʻ壩¾ȷĶ
To describe the nature or basic qualities of; explain:
ͣʻͣ
define the properties of a new drug; a study that defines people according to their median incomes.
һҩԣǵƽ͵ĵ
To delineate the outline or form of:
Σ
gentle hills that were defined against the sky.
յĳԵ
To specify distinctly:
ع涨
define the weapons to be used in limited warfare.
ȷع涨ֻھֲսе
To serve to distinguish; characterize:
ڷֱ棻ʾɫ
portraits that defined the style of an epoch(Gloria Vanderbilt)
һʱд(ǡ±ȶ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or write a definition.
¶
?
Middle English definen, diffinen 
йӢ definen, diffinen 
from Old French definir, diffiner 
Դ ŷ definir, diffiner 
from Latin d?onore} [to limit, determine] 
Դ  d?onore} [޶ȷ] 
d?- [intensive pref.] * see  de- 
d?- [ǿǰ׺] *μ de-
fos [boundary, limit] 
fos [߽磬] 
?
definability
n.ʣ
definable
adj.ݴʣ
definably
adv.ʣ
definement
n.ʣ
definer
n.ʣ

= =
definite
def.i.nite
AHD:[df-n1t] 
D.J.[6def*n!t]
K.K.[6dWf*n!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having distinct limits:
ȷģƵģ
definite restrictions on the sale of alcoholic beverages.
۾ȷ
Indisputable; certain:
϶ģɵģһģ
a definite victory.
ȷʤ
Clearly defined; explicitly precise:
ȷеģģǳȷģ
a definite statement of the terms of the will.See Synonyms at explicit 
ľȷͲμ explicit
Abbr. def.Grammar Limiting or particularizing.
д def.﷨ һģ޶Ļر
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Of a specified number not exceeding 20, as certain floral organs, especially stamens.
жģضĿʮģĳЩ٣ָ
Cymose; determinate.
ɡģŵ
?
Middle English diffinite [defined] 
йӢ diffinite [޶] 
from Latin d?onotus} [past participle of] d?fonore [to define] * see  define 
Դ  d?onotus}  [] d?fonoreĹȥִ [޶] *μ define
?
definitely
adv.ʣ
definiteness
n.ʣ
?
Definite and definitive both apply to what is precisely defined or explicitly set forth. Butdefinitive  generally refers specifically to a judgment or description that serves as a standard or 
reference point for others, as inthe definitive decision of the court  (which sets forth a final resolution of a judicial matter) orthe definitive biography of Nelson  (i.e., the biography that 
sets the standard against which all other accounts of Nelson's life must be measured). 
Definite  definitive ָȷ޶عĶ definitive ָͨΪı׼յжϻ ڷͥо УΪ
Ծо ɶѷĿɿĴ ָһִǣΪйɶѷձ׼ 

= =
definition
def.i.ni.tion
AHD:[df-n1shn] 
D.J.[7def*6n!.*n]
K.K.[7dWf*6n!.*n]
n.Abbr. def.ʣд def.
A statement conveying fundamental character.
壺˵
A statement of the meaning of a word, phrase, or term, as in a dictionary entry.
壺Եʡ˵ֵĴеĽ
The act or process of stating a precise meaning or significance; formulation of a meaning.
ͣ˼ľȷḶ́˼ȷеĲ
The act of making clear and distinct:
ʹΪ
a definition of one's intentions.
ͼ
The state of being closely outlined or determined:
ָǳ״̬
With the drizzle, the trees in the little clearing had lost definition(Anthony Hyde)
ϸУƬСյϵľֱ治ˡ(ᡤ)
A determination of outline, extent, or limits:
涨Ҫ㡢Χ޵ȷ
the definition of a President's authority.
ͳȨĽ綨
The clarity of detail in an optically produced image, such as a photograph, effected by a combination of resolution and contrast.
ֽ⣺ӾУ֦ڲɷֽͶԱɵģƬ
The degree of clarity with which a televised image or broadcast signal is received.
ȣֽյӴͼ㲥źŵ̶
?
Middle English diffinicioun 
йӢ diffinicioun 
from Old French definition 
Դ ŷ definition 
from Latin d?onoti?-}  d?fonoti?n- 
Դ  d?onoti?-}  d?fonoti?n- 
from d?onotus} [past participle of] d?fonore [to define] * see  define 
Դ d?onotus}  [] d?fonoreĹȥִ [޶] *μ define
?
definitional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
defy
de.fy
AHD:[d1-fo] 
D.J.[d!6fa!]
K.K.[d!6fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.fied,de.fy.ing,de.fies 
To oppose or resist with boldness and assurance:
ΥȻԻΥ
defied the blockade by sailing straight through it.
ֱǰУǿͨЩ
To refuse to submit to or cooperate with:
ӣܾܾ롭
defied the court order by leaving the country; played his trumpet past midnight, defying the neighbors.
ԳӱܷԺҹȣھ
To be unaffected by; resist or withstand:
Ӱ죬ΪܡӰ죻ܵס򶥵ס
So the plague defied all medicines(Daniel Defoe)
ҩﶼ޷ߡ(ϸ)
To challenge or dare (someone) to do something:
̼ĳˣĳ£
She defied her accusers to prove their charges.
Լָ֤ʵǵָ
?
Middle English defien 
йӢ defien 
from Old French desfier 
Դ ŷ desfier 
from Vulgar Latin *disfo3re} 
Դ  *disfo3re} 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ǰ׺ʾ񶨡] 
Latin fos [faithful] * see  bheidh- 
 fos [ҳϵ] *μ bheidh- 
?
defy,beard,brave,challenge,dare,face,front
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to confront boldly and courageously: 
ЩʹеҪ˼ǡȻ󵨵طԡ 
an innovator defying tradition;
ͳĴߣ
bearded the power of the king;
Ȩս
braving all criticism;
ηе
challenged the opposition to produce proof;
Ҫ󷴶ó֤ݣ
daring him to deny the statement;

faced her accusers;
ָߣ
front death with dignity. 
ׯϵ 

= =
degenerate
de.gen.er.ate
AHD:[d1-jnr-1t] 
D.J.[d!6d9en*r!t]
K.K.[d!6d9Wn*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having declined, as in function or nature, from a former or original state:
µģ˥˵ģǰ״̬˥ģڹܻʷ棺
a degenerate form of an ancient folk art.
һµĹ
Having fallen to an inferior or undesirable state, especially in mental or moral qualities.
ģ͵ȵĻ򲻺±׼״̬ģָھƷʷ
Physics Taking on several discrete values or existing in two or more quantum states:
ѧ 򲢵ģʳֵģ״̬еģ
degenerate energy levels.
ܼ
Physics Characterized by great density and consisting of atoms stripped of electrons:
ѧ 򲢵ģܶȴҰȥӵԭӵģ
degenerate matter.

Medicine Characterized by degeneration, as of tissue, a cell, or an organ.
ҽѧ Եģʵģ֯ϸٵȱʵ
Biology Having lost one or more highly developed functions, characteristics, or structures through evolution:
ѧ ˻ģͨʧȥһ߶ȷĹܡṹģ
a degenerate life form.
һ˻˵ʽ
Genetics 
Ŵѧ 
Coding for the same amino acid as another codon.
ӵģΪΪһӵͬİ
Having more than one codon specify the same amino acid. Used of a genetic code.
沢ӵģвֹһָͬİᡣһŴ
n.ʣ
A depraved, corrupt, or vicious person.
ߣܡ˷绯а
A person lacking or having progressively lost normative biological or psychological characteristics.
̬ߣĲȫߣȱɥʧ˹淶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
de.gen.er.at.ed,de.gen.er.at.ing,de.gen.er.ates[--r3t]  
To fall below a normal or desirable state, especially functionally or morally; deteriorate:
䣺䵽Ļ±׼״ָ̬ڻܷ·棻񻯣
old water pipes that are degenerating with age; a dispute that degenerated into a brawl.
ʧ޶ʧȥõˮܣչΪı
To decline in quality:
˻ʣ½
The quality of his writing degenerated as he continued to drink.
дȶ
To undergo degeneration.
˻˥ˡ
?
Latin d?3tus} [past participle of] d?gener3re [to depart from one's own kind, deteriorate] 
 d?3tus}  [] d?gener3reĹȥִ [Լһб룬] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ʾ͡] 
genus  gener- [race] * see  gen- 
genus  gener- [࣬] *μ gen- 
?
degenerately
adv.ʣ
degenerateness
n.ʣ

= =
degrade
de.grade
AHD:[d1-gr3d] 
D.J.[d!6gre!d]
K.K.[d!6gred]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.grad.ed,de.grad.ing,de.grades 
To reduce in grade, rank, or status; demote.
ʹʹȣڼλϽͣʹ
To lower in dignity; dishonor or disgrace:
裬裺͡ϣܻʹܳ裺
a scandal that degraded the participants.
ʹвμ߶ܳĳ
To lower in moral or intellectual character; debase.
͡Ʒ񣺽͡ĵˮ׼򽵵͡ݣ𡭵˸
To reduce in worth or value:
ֵֵ͡Ͻͣ
degrade a currency.
ͨļֵ
To impair in physical structure or function.
ʹ񻯣ܷ
Geology To lower or wear by erosion or weathering.
ѧ ʴͨʴ绯ͻĥʴ
To cause (an organic compound) to undergo degradation.
ʹ˻ʹлн
?
Middle English degraden 
йӢ degraden 
from Old French degrader 
Դ ŷ degrader 
from Late Latin d?3re} 
Դ  d?3re} 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [ʾ͡] 
Latin gradus [step] * see  ghredh- 
 gradus [׶] *μ ghredh- 
?
degrader
n.ʣ
?
degrade,abase,debase,demean,humble,humiliate
These verbs mean to deprive of self-esteem or self-worth.
Щʶʾ˼
 Degrade  implies reduction to a state of shame or disgrace: 
 Degrade  ½߳ܺͻ״̬˼ 
Charity degrades those who receive it and hardens those who dispense it (George Sand).
ʩʹߣӶʹ˱顱 Ρɣ
 Abase  refers principally to loss of rank or prestige: 
 Abase  Ҫָɥʧ 
refused to abase herself by asking for an invitation.
õ˵뱻ܾʹԼ͡
Debase  implies reduction in quality or value: 
Debase  ֵĽͣ 
debasing the moral currency (George Eliot).
ձĵ¹淶 Ρأ
 Demean  suggests lowering in social position: 
 Demean  λϵ½ 
It puts him where he can make the advances without demeaning himself (William Dean Howells).
ʹһֿԽȡýԼݵλá ϶˹
 Humble  can refer to lowering in rank or, more often, to driving out undue pride: 
 Humble  ָڼϵĽָʵİ 
He dreamed of humbling his opponent. To 
ѹ֡ 
 humiliate  is to subject to loss of self-respect or dignity: 
 Humiliate  ʹɥʧ˼ 
a defeat that humiliated both army and nation. See also Synonyms at  demote 
һɥʧ˾Ӻ͹ϵʧ μͬ demote

= =
degree
de.gree
AHD:[d1-gr?] 
D.J.[d!6gri8]
K.K.[d!6gri]
n.ʣ
One of a series of steps in a process, course, or progression; a stage:
׼̻һϵн׶еһ׶Σ
rose by degrees from clerk to manager of the store.
׼𽥴ӵԱ
A step in a direct hereditary line of descent or ascent:
֧ϵϵֱϵѪԵŴеһ
First cousins are two degrees from their common ancestor.
ãձ֣㣬ܣãǹͬԴ֧ϵ
Relative social or official rank, dignity, or position.
λݣӦλΡϻְ
Relative intensity or amount, as of a quality or an attribute:
ǿȣӦǿȻĳһʻԵǿȻ
a high degree of accuracy.
߶Ⱦȷ
The extent or measure of a state of being, an action, or a relation:
̶ȣΧڡжϵķΧ
modernized their facilities to a large degree.
ʹǵ豸ģִ
Abbr. deg,deg.A unit division of a temperature scale.
д deg,deg.ȣ¶ȿ̶ȵһλ
Mathematics A planar unit of angular measure equal in magnitude to !/360 of a complete revolution.
ѧ ȣֵϵתһܵ!/360ĽǶȲһƽ浥λ
A unit of latitude or longitude, equal to !/360 of a great circle.
γȣ߻γߵһλһԲ!/360
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The greatest sum of the exponents of the variables in a term of a polynomial or polynomial equation.
ʽʽбݵ
The exponent of the derivative of highest order in a differential equation in standard form.
Σ׼ʽµ΢ַߴ΢̵
An academic title given by a college or university to a student who has completed a course of study:
ѧλѧԺѧѧҵѧѧƺţ
received the Bachelor of Arts degree at commencement.
ڱҵϽѧѧʿѧλ
A similar title conferred as an honorary distinction.
ѧλһƵΪһĳƺ
Law A division or classification of a specific crime according to its seriousness:
ɡ ȼس̶ȶеķࣺ
murder in the second degree.
ıɱ
A classification of the severity of an injury, especially a burn:
ȣˣָ˵س̶ȣ
a third-degree burn.

Grammar One of the forms used in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs. For example,sweet  is the positive degree, sweeter  the comparative degree, and sweetest  the 
superlative degree of the adjective sweet.  
﷨ Ƚϼݴʺ͸ʵıȽʽ֮һ磬sweet ԭ sweeter ǱȽϼ sweetest ݴ sweet ߼ 
Music 
֡ 
One of the seven notes of a diatonic scale.
ȫ׵߸֮һ
A space or line of the staff.
׼䣬
?
by degrees
Little by little; gradually.
һһأ𽥵
to a degree
To a small extent; in a limited way.
е㣬΢СΧڣƵķʽ
?
Middle English degre 
йӢ degre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *d?s 
Դ  *d?s 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [ʾ񶨡] 
Latin gradus [step] * see  ghredh- 
 gradus [׶] *μ ghredh- 

= =
delay
de.lay
AHD:[d1-l3] 
D.J.[d!6le!]
K.K.[d!6le]
v.ʣ
de.layed,de.lay.ing,de.lays 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To postpone until a later time; defer.
ڣƳ
To cause to be later or slower than expected or desired:
ʹӳ٣ʹҪһЩһЩ
Heavy traffic delayed us.
ͨʹǳٵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act or move slowly; put off an action or a decision.
ӻڣжƳһжһ
n.ʣ
The act of delaying; postponement:
ӣڣƳٵΪӳ٣
responded without delay.
̻
The condition of being delayed; detainment.
󣺵״̬
The period of time during which one is delayed.
ʱ
The interval of time between two events.
ʱ䣺֮ʱ
?
Middle English delaien 
йӢ delaien 
from Anglo-Norman delaier 
Դ Ӣ delaier 
from Old French deslaier 
Դ ŷ deslaier 
des- [de-] 
des- [ǰ׺ȡ] 
laier [to leave] 
laier [뿪] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  leip- 
[նԴ] *μ leip- 
?
delayer
n.ʣ
?
delay,slow,retard,detain
These verbs mean to cause to be later or slower than expected or desired. To
ЩʱʾڴҪһЩһЩ˼
 delay   is to cause to be behind schedule: 
 Delay  ʹڽȱ 
The bus was delayed by a cloudburst.
ڴ꣬ˡ
Slow   implies a decrease in speed, often deliberate: 
Slow  ٶ˼ 
A sprained ankle slowed my pace.
Ť˵Ľ׹ʹҵĲ
The driver slowed the car before coming to a full stop. To 
˾ڳȫ֮ͣǰȼ١ 
 retard   is to slow and delay or impede progress, action, or accomplishment: 
 Retard  ָӳ٣谭жɾͣ 
the increasing hatred, which retarded the execution of his great designs (Edward Gibbon).
ĳޣƳΰƻִС »
 Detain   stresses being held back and prevented from proceeding: 
 Detain  ǿǰֹܵ 
She was detained by an unexpected visitor. 
ʱö 

= =
delegate
del.e.gate
AHD:[dl1-g3t, -g1t] 
D.J.[6del!7ge!t, -g!t]
K.K.[6dWl!7get, -g!t]
n.Abbr. del.ʣд del.
A person authorized to act as representative for another; a deputy or an agent.
Ȩ˵ˣ
A representative to a conference or convention.

A member of a House of Delegates, the lower house of the Maryland, Virginia, or West Virginia legislature.
ԺԱݡݺݹԱеԺԱ
An elected or appointed representative of a U.S. territory in the House of Representatives who is entitled to speak but not vote.
׼ϯѡ׼ԺеĴ˵ȨͶƱѡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
del.e.gat.ed,del.e.gat.ing,del.e.gates[-g3t]  
To authorize and send (another person) as one's representative.
Ȩǲˣĳ˵Ĵ
To commit or entrust to another:
ίˣ
delegate a task to a subordinate.
ίи
Law To appoint (one's debtor) as a debtor to one's creditor in place of oneself.
ɡ ծתƣԼծתƸԼծȨ
?
Middle English delegat 
йӢ delegat 
from Medieval Latin d??g3tus} [from past participle of] d?l?g3re [to dispatch] 
Դ  d??g3tus}  [] Դd?l?g3reĹȥִ [ǲ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ʾ"ĳ"] 
l?3re} [to send] * see  leg- 
l?3re} [ǲ] *μ leg- 
?
delegator
n.ʣ

= =
delegation
del.e.ga.tion
AHD:[dl1-g3shn] 
D.J.[7del!6ge!.*n]
K.K.[7dWl!6ge.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of delegating.
ίɣѡ
The condition of being delegated.
ίɣѡ٣ίɻѡٵ״̬
Abbr. del.A person or group of persons officially elected or appointed to represent another or others.
д del.ţٷѡٳģˡ˻

= =
delete
de.lete
AHD:[d1-l?t] 
D.J.[d!6li8t]
K.K.[d!6lit]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.let.ed,de.let.ing,de.letes 
Abbr. del.To remove by striking out or canceling:
д del.ɾ
deleted some unnecessary words in the first draft.See Synonyms at erase 
ɾȥвҪĴʲμ erase
?
Latin d??re}  d?l?t- [to wipe out] 
 d??re}  d?l?t- [𣬳ȥ] 

= =
deliberate
de.lib.er.ate
AHD:[d1-l1br-1t] 
D.J.[d!6l!b*r!t]
K.K.[d!6l!b*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effects; intentional:
ģȫʶʺͺ¸ɵģģ
mistook the oversight for a deliberate insult.

Arising from or marked by careful consideration:
˼ǵģԴؿǵģϸΪģ
a deliberate decision.See Synonyms at voluntary 
˼ǵľμ voluntary
Unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to avoid error:
ģжƶֹ治Ųæģ·Ŭ
moved at a deliberate pace.See Synonyms at slow 
СĽĲƶμ slow
v.ʣ
de.lib.er.at.ed,de.lib.er.at.ing,de.lib.er.ates[--r3t]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To think carefully and often slowly, as about a choice to be made.
ǣϸ룬ؿǣѡʱ
To consult with another or others in a process of reaching a decision.
֣ڴɾĹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To consider (a matter) carefully and often slowly, as by weighing alternatives.See Synonyms at ponder 
Ȩ⣺ϸǣһ£룬ͨȨֿɹѡμ ponder
?
Latin d?ober3tus} [past participle of] d?lober3re [to consider, weigh] 
 d?ober3tus}  [] d?lober3reĹȥִ [ǣȨ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ʾ"ضʵĶв] 
lo3re} [to balance]  from loa [a balance, scales] 
lo3re} [Ȩ]  Դ loa [ƽ] 
?
deliberately
adv.ʣ
deliberateness
n.ʣ

= =
delicate
del.i.cate
AHD:[dl1-k1t] 
D.J.[6del!k!t]
K.K.[6dWl!k!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Pleasing to the senses, especially in a subtle way:
ģڸйٵģָ΢Բķʽ
a delicate flavor; a delicate violin passage.
ĿζŵС
Exquisitely fine or dainty:
ϸģµģ
delicate china.
Ĵ
Frail in constitution or health.
ģģʻ򽡿
Easily broken or damaged:
ģ𻵵ģ
a kite too delicate to fly.
̫𻵶޷ķ
Marked by sensitivity of discrimination:
ģģ
a critic's delicate perception.
һۼĶ
Considerate of the feelings of others.
ģ˸
Concerned with propriety.
ģŵ
Squeamish or fastidious.
ʵģ޵
Requiring tactful treatment:
΢ģֵģҪֶԲģ
a delicate situation.
΢ľ
Fine or soft in touch or skill:
ϸģ͵ģ
a surgeon's delicate touch.
ҽĴ
Measuring, indicating, or responding to very small changes; precise:
ģָܲʾӦ΢С仯ģȷģ
a delicate set of scales.
ܵĿ̶
Very subtle in difference or distinction.
ϸ΢ģֻ
?
Middle English delicat 
йӢ delicat 
French dlicat 
 dlicat 
both from Latin d?3tus} [pleasing] 
Դ  d?3tus} [õ] 
?
delicately
adv.ʣ
delicateness
n.ʣ
?
delicate,choice,dainty,elegant,exquisite,fine
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is appealing to refined taste: 
ЩݴʹеҪ˼ǡ˵ĸƷζġ 
a delicate flavor;
ζ
choice exotic flowers;
ѡ䣻
a dainty dish;
µһˣ
elegant handwriting;
鷨
an exquisite wine;
Ʈƣ
the finest embroidery. See also Synonyms at  fragile 
ϸµĴ μͬ fragile

= =
delicious
de.li.cious
AHD:[d1-l1shs] 
D.J.[d!6l!.*s]
K.K.[d!6l!.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Highly pleasing or agreeable to the senses, especially of taste or smell.
ζģɿڵģʹйٺõģָζ
Very pleasant; delightful:
Ȥģ˵ģ
a delicious revenge.
Ȥı
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin d??sus} [pleasing] 
Դ  d??sus} [] 
from Latin d?a [pleasure] 
Դ  d?a [] 
from d?e [to allure] * see  delight 
Դ d?e [] *μ delight
?
deliciously
adv.ʣ
deliciousness
n.ʣ
?
delicious,ambrosial,delectable,luscious,scrumptious,toothsome,yummy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is extremely pleasing to the sense of taste: 
ЩݴʹеҪ˼"ʹζټõ" 
a delicious pat;
ζĩڱ
ambrosial smoked salmon;
ɿڵѬ㣻
delectable raspberries;
ĺݮ
luscious chocolate bonbons;
ζɿǹ
a scrumptious peach;
ɿڵӣ
a toothsome apple;
ɿڵƻ
yummy fudge. 
 
?
Delicious
De.li.cious
AHD:[d1-l1shs] 
D.J.[d!6l!.*s]
K.K.[d!6l!.*s]
n.ʣ
A variety of sweet apple whose flesh is often streaked with yellow and red.
ƻһƻƷ֣ʻƺ״

= =
delight
de.light
AHD:[d1-lot] 
D.J.[d!6la!t]
K.K.[d!6la!t]
n.ʣ
Great pleasure; joy.See Synonyms at pleasure 
ˣ޴ϲãֲμ pleasure
Something that gives great pleasure or enjoyment.
£ʹ˸˺
v.ʣ
de.light.ed,de.light.ing,de.lights 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take great pleasure or joy:
еˣ죺
delights in taking long walks.
ϲԶɢ
To give great pleasure or joy:
Ȥ
an old movie that still delights.
һܸǴľƬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To please greatly.See Synonyms at please 
ʹǳˣμ please
?
Middle English delit 
йӢ delit 
from Old French [a pleasure] 
Դ ŷ [Ȥ] 
from delitier [to please, charm] 
Դ delitier [ʹ죬ʹ] 
from Latin d?3re} [frequentative of] d?licere [to allure] 
Դ  d?3re}  [] d?licereظ [] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ʾȫء] 
lacere [to entice] 
lacere [ʹ] 

= =
deliver
de.liv.er
AHD:[d1-l1vr] 
D.J.[d!6l!v*]
K.K.[d!6l!v+]
v.ʣ
de.liv.ered,de.liv.er.ing,de.liv.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring or transport to the proper place or recipient; distribute:
ͣ͵ʵĵطߣͣ
deliver groceries; deliver the mail.
ʳƷͶʼ
To surrender (someone or something) to another; hand over:
ѣĳ˻ĳˣƽ
delivered the criminal to the police.
ﷸ
To secure (something promised or desired), as for a candidate or political party:
̵λĶΪĳѡ˻
campaign workers who delivered the ward for the mayor.
ΪгѡμӾѡĹ
To throw or hurl:
Ͷ
The pitcher delivered the ball.
ͶһͶ
To strike (a blow).

To express in words; declare or utter:
ԣԴǱ
deliver a lecture.
ݽ
To give birth to:
䣺
She delivered a baby boy this morning.
糿˸Ск
To assist (a woman) in giving birth:
ʹ䣺
The doctor delivered her of twins.
ҽΪһ˫̥
To assist or aid in the birth of:
Э
The midwife delivered the baby.
ʿӤ
To give forth or produce:
죬
The oil well delivered only 50 barrels a day.
;ÿֻԭʮͰ
To set free, as from misery, peril, or evil:
ţʹɣʹࡢΣջľأ
deliver a captive from slavery.See Synonyms at save 1
һ²ūнȳμ save1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce or achieve what is desired or expected; make good:
أȡĶɹ
The senator delivered on her pledge. He is a manager who just can't seem to deliver.
Աɹԡһᷢľ
To give birth:

She expects to deliver in late August.
Ԥڰµ
?
deliver (oneself) of
To pronounce; utter:

Before leaving I delivered myself of a few choice comments.
뿪֮ǰҷһЩ׼
?
Middle English deliveren 
йӢ deliveren 
from Old French delivrer 
Դ ŷ delivrer 
from Late Latin d?ober3re} 
Դ  d?ober3re} 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [ʾ෴] 
lo3re} [to free]  from lor [free] * see  leudh- 
lo3re} [ʹ]  Դ lor [ɵ] *μ leudh- 
?
deliverability
n.ʣ
deliverable
adj.ݴʣ
deliverer
n.ʣ

= =
delivery
de.liv.er.y
AHD:[d1-l1v-r?, -l1vr?] 
D.J.[d!6l!v*ri8, -6l!vri8]
K.K.[d!6l!v*ri, -6l!vri]
n.ʣ
 de.liv.er.ies д dely.,dlvy.,dy.
The act of conveying or delivering.
ͣͣݻ͵Ϊ
Something delivered, as a shipment or package.
͵ĶĻ
The act of transferring to another.
ת
Law A formal act of transferring ownership of property to another:
ɡ ʽѲƲȨʽ˵Ϊ
delivery of a deed.
Լʽ
The act of giving up; surrender.

The act or manner of throwing or discharging.
ͶųͶ򷢳Ϊʽ
The act of giving birth; parturition.
䣻
Utterance or enunciation:
ݣ
The historic speech required but two minutes in delivery.
ʷԵĽֻҪ
The act or manner of speaking or singing:
˵ʽݳ˵ݳķʽ
a folk singer's casual delivery.
һֵݳ
The act of releasing or rescuing.
ͷţ

= =
demand
de.mand
AHD:[d1-m2nd] 
D.J.[d!6m#nd]
K.K.[d!6m#nd]
v.ʣ
de.mand.ed,de.mand.ing,de.mands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ask for urgently or peremptorily:
Ҫ󣬼Ҫ
demand an investigation into the murder; demanding that he leave immediately; demanded to speak to the manager.
ǿҪıɱǿ뿪Ҫͬ˵
To claim as just or due:
Ҫջأػʵƣ
demand repayment of a loan.
Ҫ󳥸
To ask to be informed of:
Ҫ֪󱻸֪
I demand a reason for this interruption.
֪жϵԭ
To require as useful, just, proper, or necessary; call for:
ҪΪáȷǡҪҪ
a gem that demands a fine setting.
ʯҪ侫Ľ̨
Law 
ɡ 
To summon to court.
Ѷͥ
To claim formally; lay legal claim to.
ϷҪʽҪ󣻺ϺɵҪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a demand.
ҪҪ
n.ʣ
The act of demanding.
ҪҪΪ
Something demanded:
Ҫ
granted the employees' demands.
Ա
An urgent requirement or need:
裺еҪҪ
the heavy demands of her job; the emotional demands of his marriage; an increased oxygen demand.
ĸǿҪϵҪ
The state of being sought after:
׷󣺴ڱ׷󡢱׷ľأ
in great demand as a speaker.
Ϊһ˵ܵҵһӭ
Economics 
ѧ 
The desire to possess a commodity or make use of a service, combined with the ability to purchase it.
ҪӵһƷʹһַҪ빺
The amount of a commodity or service that people are ready to buy for a given price:
ڸļ۸׼ĳƷ
Supply should rise to meet demand.
ӹ
Computer Science A coding technique in which a command to read or write is initiated as the need for a new block of data occurs, thus eliminating the need to store data.
ѧ 󣺵ݿʱһдı̼ɣԼݴ
Law A formal claim.
ɡ ʽ
Archaic An emphatic question or inquiry.
 ѯ󣺼ѯʻ̽
?
on demand
When presented for payment:
ƱݣƱƱݣ
a note payable on demand.
һżƱƱ
When needed or asked for:
ӦڱҪʱ̣
fed the baby on demand.
΢Ӥ
?
Middle English demanden 
йӢ demanden 
from Old French demander [to charge with doing,] 
Դ ŷ demander [Ҫ] 
and from Medieval Latin d?3re} [to demand] 
Դ  d?3re} [Ҫ] 
both from Latin [to entrust] 
Դ  [и] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
mand3e [to entrust] * see  man- 2
mand3e [иί] *μ man- 2
?
demandable
adj.ݴʣ
demander
n.ʣ
?
demand,claim,exact,require
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to ask for urgently or insistently: 
ЩеǡеػҪ󡱣 
demanding better working conditions;
ҪõĹ
claiming repayment of a debt;
Ҫ󳥻ծ
exacted obedience from the child;
Ҫӷӣ
tax payments required by law. 
ɹ涨˰ 

= =
democracy
de.moc.ra.cy
AHD:[d1-m?kr-s?] 
D.J.[d!6mKkr*si8]
K.K.[d!6m$kr*si]
n.ʣ
 de.moc.ra.cies 
Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
ֱӹͨѡٳĴӹ
A political or social unit that has such a government.
ңλᵥλ
The common people, considered as the primary source of political power.
ڣΪҪԴȪ
Majority rule.
Σ˵ͳ
The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a community.
壺ĳһƽԼظȨ
?
French dmocratie 
 dmocratie 
from Late Latin d?a 
Դ  d?a 
from Greek d?a 
Դ ϣ d?a 
d?s [people] * see  d3- 
d?s [] *μ d3- 
-kratia [-cracy] 
-kratia [׺ʾ壬ᣬͳΡ] 

= =
democratic
dem.o.crat.ic
AHD:[dm-kr2t1k] 
D.J.[7dem*6kr#t!k]
K.K.[7dWm*6kr#t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, characterized by, or advocating democracy:
ģģģᳫģ
democratic government; a democratic union.

Of or for the people in general; popular:
ڵģ˵ĻΪ˵ģڵģ
a democratic movement; democratic art forms.
˶ڻʽ
Believing in or practicing social equality:
ƽȵģѭƽȣ
a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords(George du Maurier)
ԷֵĹ͵֮Աǡ(ΡšĪҮ)
Democratic Abbr. Dem.,D,D.Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Democratic Party.
 Democratic д Dem.,D,D.ģģйصĻ
?
democratically
adv.ʣ

= =
demonstrate
dem.on.strate
AHD:[dmn-str3t] 
D.J.[6dem*n7stre!t]
K.K.[6dWm*n7stret]
v.ʣ
dem.on.strat.ed,dem.on.strat.ing,dem.on.strates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To show clearly and deliberately; manifest:
ϸµʾ
demonstrated her skill as a gymnast; demonstrate affection by hugging.
ʾټɣӵʾ
To show to be true by reasoning or adducing evidence; prove:
֤ʵ֤֤ͨ˵ʵԣ֤
demonstrate a proposition.
֤һ
To present by experiments, examples, or practical application; explain and illustrate:
ʾ˵ͨʵ顢ӻʵӦñͲ˵
demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.
ʵװʾ
To show the use of (an article) to a prospective buyer:
չʾʾܵĹʾĳƷģʹã
The salesperson plugged in and demonstrated the vacuum cleaner.
ۻԱϵԴʾĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a demonstration:
ʾ
described the dance step, then took a partner and demonstrated.
貽Ȼʾ
To participate in a public display of opinion:
ʾμһڼԱԼĹ۵㣺
demonstrated against tax hikes.
ʾ˰
?
Latin d??nstr3re}  d?m?nstr3t- 
 d??nstr3re}  d?m?nstr3t- 
d?- [completely] * see  de- 
d?- [ȫ] *μ de-
m?3re} [to show]  from m?m [divine portent]  from mon?e [to warn] * see  men- 1
m?3re} [ʾ]  Դ m?m [Ԥ]  Դ mon?e [] *μ men- 1

= =
denial
de.ni.al
AHD:[d1-nol] 
D.J.[d!6na!*l]
K.K.[d!6na!*l]
n.ʣ
A refusal to comply with or satisfy a request.
ܾܾػһҪ
A refusal to grant the truth of a statement or allegation; a contradiction.
ϣܾĳŵʵԣ
Law The opposing by a defendant of an allegation of the plaintiff.
ɡ ϣԭĳ۶ϵķ
A refusal to accept or believe something, such as a doctrine or belief.
ţܾܻĳ£ĳֽ
Psychology An unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings.
ѧ ܾѧһʶķƣǾܾʹʵ뷨
The act of disowning or disavowing; repudiation.
ϣͬԼйϵܾеεΪ
Abstinence; self-denial.
ƣƣҿ
?
From deny 
Դ deny

= =
denote
de.note
AHD:[d1-n?t] 
D.J.[d!6n*&t]
K.K.[d!6not]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.not.ed,de.not.ing,de.notes 
To mark; indicate:
־ָ
a frown that denoted increasing impatience.
ԽԽͷü
To serve as a symbol or name for the meaning of; signify:
ʾΪΪһķŻ֣Ϊ
A flashing yellow light denotes caution.
˸ĻƵƱʾ
To signify directly; refer to specifically:See Synonyms at mean 1
ֱӱʾָμ mean1
?
French dnoter 
 dnoter 
from Latin d?3re} 
Դ  d?3re} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
not3e [to mark] * see  connote 
not3e [] *μ connote
?
denotable
adj.ݴʣ
denotive
adj.ݴʣ
?
Denote means to mark or to signify directly;  connote  means to suggest or convey to the mind what is not explicit.In speaking of words or expressions,denote  describes 
the relation between the expression and the thing it conventionally names, whereasconnote  describes the relation between the word and the images or associations it evokes. Thus, 
the wordChristmas  denotes the holiday celebrated on December 25 and connotes turkey, mistletoe, and chestnuts roasting on an open fire.
Denote ˼ǡǡֱӼ  connote  ˼ǡʾЩûԱʾ塱ڱʾʺʹʱdenote ĳ֮ͨĹϵ 
connote ͼ֮Ĺϵ Chrismas ָ(denote)ʮ¶ʮףǸգ ζŻ𼦡ʥտ

= =
denounce
de.nounce
AHD:[d1-nouns] 
D.J.[d!6na&ns]
K.K.[d!6na&ns]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.nounced,de.nounc.ing,de.nounc.es 
To condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible.See Synonyms at criticize 
ָ𣺹ָĳĻӦǴĲμ criticize
To accuse formally.
ʽָ
To give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty).
ͨϳʽ棨ĳԼģս
?
Middle English denouncen [to proclaim] 
йӢ denouncen [] 
from Anglo-Norman denuncier 
Դ Ӣ denuncier 
Medieval Latin d??nti3re} 
 d??nti3re} 
both from Latin 
Դ  
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
n?3re} [to announce]  from n?s [messenger] * see  neu- 
n?3re} []  Դ n?s [ʹ] *μ neu- 
?
denouncement
n.ʣ
denouncer
n.ʣ

= =
dense
dense
AHD:[dns] 
D.J.[dens]
K.K.[dWns]
adj.ݴʣ
dens.er,dens.est 
Having relatively high density.
ܵģԽϸߵܶȵ
Crowded closely together; compact:
ܼģʮӵģܵģ
a dense population.
ܵ˿
Hard to penetrate; thick:
ŨܵģԴ͸ģŨģ
a dense jungle.
ŨܵĴ
Permitting little light to pass through, because of compactness of matter:
͸ģܶ͸
dense glass; a dense fog.
ëŨ
Opaque, with good contrast between light and dark areas. Used of a photographic negative.
ǿģ͸ģںڰ֮кܺ÷ġƬ
Difficult to understand because of complexity or obscurity:
ɬѶģΪӻ򺬺ģ
a dense novel.
һƪɬѶС˵
Slow to apprehend; thickheaded.See Synonyms at stupid 
ģģԹϵĲμ stupid
?
Latin d?s 
 d?s 
?
densely
adv.ʣ
denseness
n.ʣ

= =
density
den.si.ty
AHD:[dns1-t?] 
D.J.[6dens!ti8]
K.K.[6dWns!ti]
n.ʣ
 den.si.ties 
The quality or condition of being dense.
ŨܣŨܵ
The quantity of something per unit measure, especially per unit length, area, or volume.
ܶȣĳÿλȵָÿλȡ
The mass per unit volume of a substance under specified conditions of pressure and temperature.
أضѹ¶ĳʵλ
Computer Science The number of units of useful information contained within a linear dimension.
ѧ ϢܶȣһάõϢԪĸ
The number of individuals, such as inhabitants or housing units, per unit of area.
˿ܶȣÿλסĿ
The degree of optical opacity of a medium or material, as of a photographic negative.
͸ȣһʻϣйֽĲ͸̶
Thickness of consistency; impenetrability.
ܶȣһ£ɴ͸
Complexity of structure or content.
ṹݵģ
Stupidity; dullness.
޴ٶ

= =
dentist
den.tist
AHD:[dnt1st] 
D.J.[6dent!st]
K.K.[6dWnt!st]
n.Abbr. dent.ʣд dent.
A person who is trained and licensed to practice dentistry.
ҽܹѵ׼ִҵҽ
?
French dentiste 
 dentiste 
from dent [tooth] 
Դ dent [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin d?s  dent- * see  dent- 
Դ  d?s  dent- *μ dent- 
?
Dentist  figures [appears] now in our newspapers, and may do well enough for a French puffer [a writer of inflated advertisements];but we fancy Rutter is content with being called 
atooth-drawer.  In this quotation from the September 15, 1759, issue of theEdinburgh Chronicle  we seedentist  in its infancy as an English word, trailing evidence of its French origin.If 
we had formed a word in English likedentist, which comes from the French word dent,  tooth, we would havetoothist,  a word that does not exist. Buttoothist  and tooth-drawer  lack 
the elegance of the French borrowing dentist,  an elegance that is shared by other borrowings from French during the past four centuries,such asballet, champagne, coquette, coterie, 
and negligee.  
Dentist ǵıֽˣ ܳǷĶ󣻵ǣǲ²³ػԱΪtooth-drawer Ķе⡱ 1759915յ־
 ĻУ ǿdentist ΪһӢﵥʲģ ȴԴڷǵʱӢйdentist Դڷ dent һӢʡtooth 
õһͲڵʽtoothist  toothist  tooth-drawer ȱô dentist ĸţ ָΪİӷнõĴУballet
champagnecoquettecoterie  negligee  

= =
deny
de.ny
AHD:[d1-no] 
D.J.[d!6na!]
K.K.[d!6na!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.nied,de.ny.ing,de.nies 
To declare untrue; contradict.
⣬ԣΪʵ
To refuse to believe; reject.
ܾţܾţܾ
To refuse to recognize or acknowledge; disavow.
ϣܾϣ
To decline to grant or allow; refuse:
ܾܾܾ
deny the student's request; denied the prisoner food or water.
ܾѧ󣻲ʳˮ
To give a refusal to; turn down or away:
ܾܾؾ
The protesters were determined not to be denied.
߾ĿĲ
To restrain (oneself) especially from indulgence in pleasures.
ƣƣԼָԼҪڻ
?
Middle English denien 
йӢ denien 
from Old French denier 
Դ ŷ denier 
from Latin d?3re} 
Դ  d?3re} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺] 
neg3e [to say no] * see  ne 
neg3e [˵] *μ ne 
?
deny,contradict,contravene,disaffirm,gainsay,negate,negative,traverse
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to refuse to admit the existence, truth, or value of: 
Щʹе˼ǣܾĳĴڡʵԻֵ 
denied the rumor;
ҥ
contradicted the statement;
ĳ˵
contravene a conclusion;
񶨽ۣ
disaffirm a suggestion;
һ飻
trying to gainsay the evidence;
֤ݣ
negate reality;
ʵ
negatived the allegations;
Ʒָأ
traverse an indictment. affirm 
Ͽظ affirm

= =
depart
de.part
AHD:[d1-p?rt] 
D.J.[d!6p$8t]
K.K.[d!6p$rt]
v.ʣ
de.part.ed,de.part.ing,de.parts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go away; leave.
߿뿪
To die.

To vary, as from a regular course; deviate:
ѹ죺볣·ߣѹ죺
depart from custom.See Synonyms at swerve 
ϰײμ swerve
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go away from; leave.
뿪ӡ뿪뿪
?
Middle English departen 
йӢ departen 
from Old French departir [to split, divide] 
Դ ŷ departir [룬ֿ] 
de- [de-] 
de- [ǰ׺תơ] 
partir [to divide]  from Latin partoe  from pars  part- [part] * see  part 
partir []  Դ  partoe  Դ pars  part- [ֿ] *μ part

= =
department
de.part.ment
AHD:[d1-p?rtmnt] 
D.J.[d!6p$8tm*nt]
K.K.[d!6p$rtm*nt]
n.Abbr. dept.,dpt.,dep.,D.ʣд dept.,dpt.,dep.,D.
A distinct, usually specialized division of a large organization, especially:
ţϵһ֯ȷġͨרŵĲţָ
A principal administrative division of a government:
ţҪţ
the fire department; the department of public works.
ţ
A division of a business specializing in a particular product or service:
ҵţרӪĳضƷҵţ
the personnel department.
²
A division of a school or college dealing with a particular field of knowledge:
ѧУϵѧУѧԺоĳһضĲţ
the physics department.
ϵ
Department One of the principal executive divisions of the federal government of the United States, headed by a cabinet officer.
 Department һҪţڸԱ쵼
A section of a department store selling a particular line of merchandise:
ٻ̵꣩ٻ̵ĳһضƷĵط
the home furnishings department.
Ҿ߲
An administrative district in France.
ģ
Informal An area of particular knowledge or responsibility; a specialty:
ʽ רҵְĳһר֪ʶΣר
Getting the kids to bed is my department.
庢ϴ˯ҵר
?
French dpartement 
 dpartement 
from Old French [separation] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from departir [to divide] * see  depart 
Դ departir [] *μ depart
?
departmental
AHD:[d?p?rt-mntl] ݴʣ
departmentally
adv.ʣ

= =
departure
de.par.ture
AHD:[d1-p?rchr] 
D.J.[d!6p$8t.*]
K.K.[d!6p$rt.+]
n.Abbr. dep.ʣд dep.
The act of leaving.
뿪뿪Ϊ
A starting out, as on a trip or a new course of action.
;ĳж¹̵Ŀʼ
A divergence or deviation, as from an established rule, plan, or procedure:
ѹ죬ƫ룺ѽõĹ򡢼ƻ
ordered curry as a departure from his usual bland diet.
ûеͨԵĵζʳƷҪ˿ʳƷ
Nautical The distance sailed due east or west by a ship on its course.
 ̣亽ϳеľ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣһʣ
a departure lounge; departure dates.
ң

= =
depend
de.pend
AHD:[d1-pnd] 
D.J.[d!6pend]
K.K.[d!6pWnd]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
de.pend.ed,de.pend.ing,de.pends 
To rely, especially for support or maintenance:
ָֻ֧ά֣
Children must depend on their parents.
Ǳǵĸĸ
To place trust or confidence:
Σţԡλţ
You can depend on his honesty.See Synonyms at rely 
ĳʵμ rely
To be determined, conditioned, or contingent:
ڣԡΪӡ
a grade depending on the results of the final exam.
ּտԵĽ
To have a dependence:

began to depend more and more on drugs.
ʼԽԽڶƷ
To be pending or undecided, as in a court or legislature.
ڷͥδ
To hang down:

And ever-living Lamps depend in Rows(Alexander Pope)
ҳһŵĳơ(ɽ󡤲)
?
Middle English dependen [to hang down] 
йӢ dependen [] 
from Old French dependre 
Դ ŷ dependre 
from Latin d??re} 
Դ  d??re} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
pend?e [to hang] * see  (s)pen- 
pend?e [] *μ (s)pen- 
?
Depend, indicating condition or contingency, is always followed byon  or upon,  as inIt depends on who is in charge.  Omission of the preposition is typical of casual speech.
Depend ָԣ ͨon  upon  ȡ˭Ǹ  ڷʽУͨʡԽ

= =
dependent
de.pend.ent
AHD:[d1-pndnt] 
D.J.[d!6pend*nt]
K.K.[d!6pWnd*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Contingent on another.
ģ
Subordinate.

Relying on or requiring the aid of another for support:
ģģҪ˵İֵ֧ģ
dependent children.
Եĺ
Hanging down.

n.ʣ
also de.pend.ant One who relies on another especially for financial support.
 Ҳ de.pend.ant ԮߣڱˣǾԮ
?
dependently
adv.ʣ
?
dependent,conditional,contingent,relative,subject
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is determined or to be determined by something else: 
Щݴʹеһǣġ 
a water supply dependent on adequate rainfall;
ڳĽ깩ˮ
conditional acceptance of the apology;
ؽܵǸ
assistance contingent on continuing need;
ӵԮ
the importance of a discovery as relative to its usefulness;
ֵҪȡ;
promotion subject to merit. independent 
ҵǨ independent

= =
depict
de.pict
AHD:[d1-p1kt] 
D.J.[d!6p!kt]
K.K.[d!6p!kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.pict.ed,de.pict.ing,de.picts 
To represent in a picture or sculpture.
ͼʾû̱ʾ
To represent in words; describe.See Synonyms at represent 
ֱʾμ represent
?
Middle English depicten 
йӢ depicten 
from Latin d?e  d?pict- 
Դ  d?e  d?pict- 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
pingere [to picture] * see  peig- 
pingere [ͼʾ] *μ peig- 
?
depiction
n.ʣ

= =
deposit
de.pos.it
AHD:[d1-p?z1t] 
D.J.[d!6pKz!t]
K.K.[d!6p$z!t]
v.ʣ
de.pos.it.ed,de.pos.it.ing,de.pos.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or set down; place.
ã£ã
To lay down or leave behind by a natural process:
ʹʹͨȻ̶»£
layers of sediment that were deposited on the ocean floor; glaciers that deposited their debris as they melted.
ں׵Ĳڻʱ²кıɽ
To give over or entrust for safekeeping.
иĴ棺ίбܣи
To put (money) in a bank or financial account.
ǮѣǮлͷ
To give as partial payment or security.
Ѻ֧һǮ֤
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become deposited; settle.
̶
n.Abbr. dep.ʣд dep.
Something, such as money, that is entrusted for safekeeping, as in a bank.
ĴиΪܣƷǮȣ
The condition of being deposited:
ѺĴ棺
funds on deposit with a broker.
Ѻھ˴ʽ
A partial or initial payment of a cost or debt:
𣺷ûծĲֻĳ֣
left a $100 deposit toward the purchase of a stereo system.
Ϊһϵͳ100ԪĶ
A sum of money given as security for an item acquired for temporary use.
Ѻ𣬱֤ΪʱʹĳóΪһǮ
A depository.
ң
Something deposited, especially by a natural process, as:
ָͨȻ̣Ķ磺
Geology A concentration of mineral matter or sediment in a layer, vein, or pocket:
ѧ ٻҲ㣬ѨȴۼĿʻ
iron ore deposits; rich deposits of oil and natural gas.
㣻ʯͺȻĸ
Physiology An accumulation of organic or inorganic material, such as a lipid or mineral, in a body tissue, structure, or fluid.
ѧ ٻ޻֬ȣ֯ṹеĻ
A sediment or precipitate that has settled out of a solution.
ҺвܵġµĹ
A coating or crust left on a surface, as by evaporation or electrolysis.
ǣڱϵǣͨγɵ
?
Latin d??nere}  d?p?sit- 
 d??nere}  d?p?sit- 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
depositor
n.ʣ

= =
depress
de.press
AHD:[d1-prs] 
D.J.[d!6pres]
K.K.[d!6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.pressed,de.press.ing,de.press.es 
To lower in spirits; deject.
ʹɥʹģɥ䣻ʹ
To cause to drop or sink; lower:
ʹʹ䣺ʹ£ʹûʹͣ
The drought depressed the water level in the reservoirs.
ɺʹˮˮ潵
To press down:
ʽѹ£ѹѹ£
Depress the space bar on a typewriter.
´ֻϵĿո
To lessen the activity or force of; weaken:
ͻԻʹ
feared that rising inflation would further depress the economy.
Ĳͨͻһ
To lower prices in (a stock market).
ʹۣڹƱгУͼ۸
?
Middle English depressen [to push down] 
йӢ depressen [ѹ] 
from Old French depresser 
Դ ŷ depresser 
from Latin d?e  d?press- 
Դ  d?e  d?press- 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺͡] 
premere [to press] * see  per- 4
premere [ѹ] *μ per- 4
?
depressible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
depression
de.pres.sion
AHD:[d1-prshn] 
D.J.[d!6pre.*n]
K.K.[d!6prW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of depressing.
ήҲʹΪ
The condition of being depressed.
ɥ
An area that is sunk below its surroundings; a hollow.
ݴӣΧ͵򣻶
The condition of feeling sad or despondent.
ǳɥеģʧ
Psychology A psychotic or neurotic condition characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, and feelings of extreme sadness, dejection, and hopelessness.
ѧ ֢һ־״̬ǲܼоʧߣеɥ;
A reduction in activity or force.
˥ļ
A reduction in physiological vigor or activity:
ٻ΢Ľͣ
a depression in respiration.
΢
A lowering in amount, degree, or position.
̶ͣȻλĽ
Economics A period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.
ѧ ңʣòһʱڣҵ١۸½ʧҵ
Meteorology A region of low barometric pressure.
ѧ ѹѹ͵ĵ
The angular distance below the horizontal plane through the point of observation.
ǣӹ۲㿴ˮƽƽµĽǾ
Astronomy The angular distance of a celestial body below the horizon.
ѧ ǣڵƽµĽǾ

= =
deprive
de.prive
AHD:[d1-prov] 
D.J.[d!6pra!v]
K.K.[d!6pra!v]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.prived,de.priv.ing,de.prives 
To take something away from:
ߣ᣺ӡĳ
The court ruling deprived us of any share in the inheritance.
ͥþȫļ̳Ȩ
To keep from possessing or enjoying; deny:
ܾϣֹӵлܣϣ
They were deprived of a normal childhood by the war.
սʧȥһͯʱ
To remove from office.
ְ⣺ȥְ
?
Middle English depriven 
йӢ depriven 
from Old French depriver 
Դ ŷ depriver 
from Medieval Latin d?ov3re} 
Դ  d?ov3re} 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [ǰ׺ӡߡ] 
Latin pro3re} [to rob]  from pros [alone, without] * see  per 1
 pro3re} []  Դ pros [û] *μ per 1
?
deprivable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
depth
depth
AHD:[dpth] 
D.J.[depG]
K.K.[dWpG]
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of being deep.
ȣ
The extent, measurement, or dimension downward, backward, or inward:
£ڵ죬Ȼ򳤶ȣ
dove to a depth of 30 feet; shelves with enough depth to store the large boxes.
ǱˮʮӢߴ㹻Щӵļ
The measurement or sense of distance from an observation point, such as linear perspective in painting.
룺ӹ۲㿴ԾĲȻо滭е͸ӣ
Often depths A deep part or place:
  depths Ĳֻط
the ocean depths; in the depths of the forest.

The most profound or intense part or stage:
ػǿҵĲֻ׶Σ
the depth of despair; an experience that touched the depths of tragedy.
ľʹľ
Intensity; force:
ǿȣȣ
had not realized the depth of their feelings for one another.
ûʶǱ˴֮ĸ֮
The severest or worst part:
ػӵĲ֣
in the depth of an economic depression.
ھĹȵ
A low point, level, or degree:
ˮƽͣ㣬ˮƽ̶ȣ
Production has fallen to new depths.
µ͵
Intellectual complexity or penetration; profundity:
£ĸӶȻȣ£
a novel of great depth.
һʮµС˵
The range of one's understanding or competence:
Χһĳ̶ȣΧ
I am out of my depth when it comes to cooking.
ᵽ⿣ͳҵ
Strength held in reserve, especially a supply of skilled or capable replacements:
Ǳָǿ
a team with depth at every position.
˶ӵÿλö
The degree of richness or intensity:
Ũḻǿҵĳ̶ȣ
depth of color.
ɫʵŨ
Lowness in pitch.
ͳ
Complete detail; thoroughness:
꾡ϸڣ
the depth of her research; an interview conducted in great depth.
оϸڣһĲɷ
?
Middle English depthe 
йӢ depthe 
from dep [deep] * see  deep 
Դ dep [] *μ deep

= =
depute
de.pute
AHD:[d1-py?t] 
D.J.[d!6pju8t]
K.K.[d!6pjut]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.put.ed,de.put.ing,de.putes 
To appoint or authorize as an agent or a representative.
ίΣȨΪԱ
To assign (authority or duties) to another; delegate.
ίɣίУȨְίɸˣί
?
Middle English deputen 
йӢ deputen 
from Old French deputer 
Դ ŷ deputer 
from Late Latin d?3re} [to allot] 
Դ  d?3re} [䣬] 
from Latin [to consider] 
Դ  [] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺תơ] 
put3e [to ponder] * see  peu- 
put3e [˼] *μ peu- 

= =
derive
de.rive
AHD:[d1-rov] 
D.J.[d!6ra!v]
K.K.[d!6ra!v]
v.ʣ
de.rived,de.riv.ing,de.rives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain or receive from a source.
õĳһԴȪõȡã
To arrive at by reasoning; deduce or infer:
ͨƵóƵ
derive a conclusion from facts.
ʵƳ
To trace the origin or development of (a word).
׷ݣ׷ݣһʵģԴչ
Chemistry To produce or obtain (a compound) from another substance by chemical reaction.
ѧ ɣͨѧӦӱɻõĳֻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To issue from a source; originate.See Synonyms at stem 1
ԴڣԣĳһԴȪԴμ stem1
?
Middle English deriven [to be derived from] 
йӢ deriven [ӡƳ] 
from Old French deriver 
Դ ŷ deriver 
from Latin d?ov3re} [to derive, draw off] 
Դ  d?ov3re} [Ƶתƣȡ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡתơ] 
ros [stream] * see  rei- 
ros [ˮ] *μ rei- 
?
derivable
adj.ݴʣ
deriver
n.ʣ

= =
descend
de.scend
AHD:[d1-snd] 
D.J.[d!6send]
K.K.[d!6sWnd]
v.ʣ
de.scend.ed,de.scend.ing,de.scends 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move from a higher to a lower place; come or go down.
ӽϸߵĵطƵϵ͵ĵط
To slope, extend, or incline downward:
б죺
A rough path descended like a steep stair into the plain(J.R.R. Tolkien)
һƽС·͵¥һƽԭ(J.R.R.ж)
To come from an ancestor or ancestry:
Ŵ£ȣ
She was descended from a pioneer family.
һڵĿ߼ͥ
To come down from a source; derive:
ԣԴڣĳһԴԴڣ
a tradition descending from colonial days.
ֳʱĴͳ
To pass by inheritance:
̳УͨŲݣ
The house has descended through four generations.
ѾĴ
To lower oneself; stoop:
ԳǫԼݣ񣬱
She, the conqueror, had descended to the level of the conquered(James Bryce)
һߣΪߡ(ղķ˹˹)
To proceed or progress downward, as in rank, pitch, or scale:
ȼ̶ȻģĽл
titles listed in descending order of importance; notes that descended to the lower register.
Ժճ̶ɸߵеͷΣɸ
To arrive or attack in a sudden or an overwhelming manner:
ӵͻȻصҵϮ
summer tourists descending on the seashore village.
ļӿС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move from a higher to a lower part of; go down.
½ӽϸ߲ƵϵͲ֣½
To get down from:
ӡ
People descended the minibus that shuttled guests to the nearby . . . beach(Howard Kaplan)
Ǵӽ˿ڽС(¡)
To extend or proceed downward along:

a road that descended the mountain in sharp curves.
͵ɽ·
?
Middle English descenden 
йӢ descenden 
from Old French descendre 
Դ ŷ descendre 
from Latin d?e 
Դ  d?e 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨻෴] 
scandere [to climb] * see  skand- 
scandere [] *μ skand- 
?
descendible  
descendable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
descendant
de.scen.dant
AHD:[d1-sndnt] 
D.J.[d!6send*nt]
K.K.[d!6sWnd*nt]
n.ʣ
A person, an animal, or a plant whose descent can be traced to a particular individual or group.
Ѫͳ׷ݵĳضȺˡֲ
Something derived from a prototype or earlier form:
ӡݱĳԭλʽݻ
Today's bicycles are descendants of the earlier velocipede.
гǴڵĽ̤չ
adj.ݴʣ
Variant of descendent 
 descendentı

= =
descent
de.scent
AHD:[d1-snt] 
D.J.[d!6sent]
K.K.[d!6sWnt]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of descending.
½䣺½Ķʵ
A way down.
··
A downward incline or passage; a slope.
б棬б£µб棻б
Hereditary derivation; lineage:
Ѫͳ漮ŴѪͳϵ
a person of African descent.
һѪͳ
One generation of a specific lineage.
һ壺ĳҵĺ
The fact or process of coming down or being derived from a source:
ݻĳһԴȪչݻʵ̣
a paper tracing the descent of the novel from old picaresque tales.
׷ݹϵĴݻС˵
Development in form or structure during transmission from an original source.
չݻĹʽṹϵķչ
Law Transference of property by inheritance.
ɡ ̳У̳ͨʵֵĲƲת
A lowering or decline, as in status or level:
λˮƽģ½ת·
Her career went into a rapid descent after the charges of misconduct.
ΪιƳеҪκְҵĿʼϼ·
A sudden visit or attack; an onslaught.
͹ͻȻݷã򹥻͹
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from descendre [to descend] * see  descend 
Դ descendre [½·] *μ descend

= =
describe
de.scribe
AHD:[d1-skrob] 
D.J.[d!6skra!b]
K.K.[d!6skra!b]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.scribed,de.scrib.ing,de.scribes 
To give an account of in speech or writing.
ͷ
To convey an idea or impression of; characterize:
̻뷨ܣ̻
She described her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.
ʱһͷֵʱ
To represent pictorially; depict:
棺ûûʾ
Goya's etchings describe the horrors of war in grotesque detail.
ŵİ滭ùķսĿֲ
To trace the form or outline of:
š
describe a circle with a compass.
Բ滭һԲ
?
Middle English describen 
йӢ describen 
from Latin d?obere} [to write down] 
Դ  d?obere} [д] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
scroe [to write] * see  skrobh- 
scroe [д] *μ skrobh- 
?
describable
adj.ݴʣ
describer
n.ʣ
?
describe,narrate,recite,recount,rehearse,relate,report
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to tell the facts, details, or particulars of something verbally or in writing: 
Щʹе˼ǡͷ˵ʵϸڻ֮ 
described the accident;
ⳡ¹ʣ
narrated their experiences in the Far East;
˵Զľ
an explorer reciting her adventures;
˵ðվ̽ߣ
a mercenary recounting his exploits;
İΨͼ
parents rehearsing the dangers the children faced;
ĸ˺ٵΣգ
related the day's events;
£
came back and reported what she had seen. 
㱨 

= =
description
de.scrip.tion
AHD:[d1-skr1pshn] 
D.J.[d!6skr!p.*n]
K.K.[d!6skr!p.*n]
n.ʣ
The act, process, or technique of describing.
Ϊ̻
A statement or an account describing something:
ĳµ
published a description of her travels; gave a vivid description of the game.
μǣⳡ
A pictorial representation:
ûʾ
Monet's ethereal descriptions of haystacks and water lilies.
Īڹڸɸɲݶ˯ľ
A kind or sort:
һ֣һࣺ
cars of every size and description.
ִС͵С
?
Middle English descripcioun 
йӢ descripcioun 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin d?opti?}  d?scropti?n- 
Դ  d?opti?}  d?scropti?n- 
from d?optus} [past participle of] d?scrobere [to write down] * see  describe 
Դ d?optus}  [] d?scrobereĹȥִ [д] *μ describe

= =
desert
desert 1
AHD:[dzrt] 
D.J.[6dez*t]
K.K.[6dWz*t]
n.ʣ
A barren or desolate area, especially:
ĵأƶĻߵָ
A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.
ɳĮ٣¶ȼߣֲƶĸͨɳĵ
A region of permanent cold that is largely or entirely devoid of life.
ԭú䣬û
An apparently lifeless area of water.
ˮˮ
An empty or forsaken place; a wasteland:
ĵأԭտߵĵطĵأ
a cultural desert.
Ļԭ
Archaic A wild, uncultivated, and uninhabited region.
 ë֮أģδѵģ˾ס
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert:
ģߵģɳĮģɳĮйصģɳĮģסɳĮģ
desert fauna.
ڻԭϵĶȺ
Barren and uninhabited; desolate:
ģëģƶ˾סģߵģģ
a desert island.
ĵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin d?m [from neuter past participle of] d?serere [to desert] * see  desert 3
Դ  d?m  [] Դd?serereԹȥִ [ķ] *μ desert3
?
desert
desert 2
AHD:[d1-z?rt] 
D.J.[d!6zT8t]
K.K.[d!6zPt]
n.ʣ
Often deserts Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment:
  deserts ֵãӦãӦõĶָͷ
They got their just deserts when the scheme was finally uncovered.
ıձ¶ʱǵõӦõĳͷ
The state or fact of deserving reward or punishment.
ܷͣӦõͻͷ״̬ʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French deserte [from feminine past participle of] deservir [to deserve] * see  deserve 
Դ ŷ deserte  [] ԴdeservirԹȥִ [Ӧ] *μ deserve
?
When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,Unless you would devise some virtuous lie,/To do more for me than mine own desert,he is using the worddesert  in the sense of 
worthiness; deserving, a word that is perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning something that is deserved,as in the phrasejust deserts.  This word goes back to the 
Latin wordd?ore,}  to devote oneself to the service of,which in Vulgar Latin came to mean to merit by service. D?ore}  is made up ofd?,  meaning thoroughly, and servo,  
to serve. Knowing this,we can distinguish thisdesert  from desert,  a wasteland, and desert,  to abandon, both of which go back to Latind?,  to forsake, leave uninhabited, 
which is made up ofd?,  expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere,  to link together. We can also distinguish all threedeserts  from dessert,  a sweet course at the 
end of a meal, which is from the French worddesservir,  to clear the table.  Desservir  is made up ofdes-,  expressing the notion of reversal, and servir  (from Latin servoe ), to 
serve, hence, to unserve or to clear the table.
ɯʿڵ72ʮʫ˵ܱĻ/˵ñұǿöࡱdesert ˼ǡӦõĶ ʣϤĴ临ʽ
˼ǡӦõĶڴjust deserts С ôʵԴ׷ݵdeservire  ΪΪУ˼ͱˡݷӦá 
Deservire  de- ˼ǡȫأ׵ء servire ɡ ֪ЩǾͿ԰desert  desert  ԭ desert   ׷ݵ
deserere ˾ס de- ʾĸͶ serere ӵһɡ Ҳܰdeserts  dessert ϵһʳֿ
 Էdesservir ʰӡ  Desservir  ɱ桱des-  servir ɣ servire  Ϊ񡱡ˡϲˡ
ӡ
?
desert
desert 3
AHD:[d1-z?rt] 
D.J.[d!6zT8t]
K.K.[d!6zPt]
v.ʣ
de.sert.ed,de.sert.ing,de.serts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To leave empty or alone; abandon.
¿հ׻ʹԣ
To withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake:
Զ룬Զ룬ָλԶ룻
deserted her friend in a time of need.
Ҫ
To abandon (a military post, for example) in violation of orders or an oath.
ľǿƷӹְȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To forsake one's duty or post, especially to be absent without leave from the armed forces with no intention of returning.
ְأְλָӾпС
?
French dserter 
 dserter 
from Late Latin d?3re} 
Դ  d?3re} 
from Latin d?e  d?sert- [to abandon] 
Դ  d?e  d?sert- [] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺] 
serere [to join] * see  ser- 2
serere [μ] *μ ser- 2
?
deserter
n.ʣ

= =
deserve
de.serve
AHD:[d1-z?rv] 
D.J.[d!6zT8v]
K.K.[d!6zPv]
v.ʣ
de.served,de.serv.ing,de.serves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be worthy of; merit.See Synonyms at earn 1
ֵãӦòμ earn1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be worthy or deserving.
ֵûӦ
?
Middle English deserven 
йӢ deserven 
from Old French deservir 
Դ ŷ deservir 
from Latin d?ore} [to serve zealously] 
Դ  d?ore} [ط] 
d?- [intensive pref.] * see  de- 
d?- [ǿǰ׺] *μ de-
servoe [to serve] * see  serve 
servoe [Ϊ] *μ serve

= =
design
de.sign
AHD:[d1-zon] 
D.J.[d!6za!n]
K.K.[d!6za!n]
v.ʣ
de.signed,de.sign.ing,de.signs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To conceive or fashion in the mind; invent:
죺ͷ̻죬
design a good excuse for not attending the conference.
һõĽڣμλ
To formulate a plan for; devise:
ƻΪƶһƻƣ
designed a marketing strategy for the new product.
Ϊ²ƷƶӪ
To plan out in systematic, usually graphic form:
ƣͨͼʽϵͳؼƻ
design a building; design a computer program.
һһ
To create or contrive for a particular purpose or effect:
ΪĳضĿĻЧд룺
a game designed to appeal to all ages.
Ϊε˶ƵϷ
To have as a goal or purpose; intend.
ͼ㣺ԡΪĿģ
To create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner.
ƣĳԵĻ߶ļմִ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or execute plans.
ƶִУƻ
To have a goal or purpose in mind.
ĿģƶĿ
To create designs.

n.ʣ
A drawing or sketch.
ͼͼ
A graphic representation, especially a detailed plan for construction or manufacture.
ͼһͼαʾָڽҵϸ
The purposeful or inventive arrangement of parts or details:
ƷĿģͼϸڰţ
the aerodynamic design of an automobile; furniture of simple but elegant design.
ĿѧƼµļҾ
The art or practice of designing or making designs.
ƣƵʵ
Something designed, especially a decorative or an artistic work.
ĽƣƷƳװԵĻԵƷ
An ornamental pattern.See Synonyms at figure 
ͼͼһװͼμ figure
A basic scheme or pattern that affects and controls function or development:
ṹӰ첢ƹܻչĻ
the overall design of an epic poem.
һʷʫ巽
A plan; a project.See Synonyms at plan 
ƻĿμ plan
A reasoned purpose; an intent:
㣬뷨ȷĿģƻ㣺
It was her design to set up practice on her own as soon as she was qualified.
һԼҵ
Deliberate intention:
ͼͼĵļƻ
He became a photographer more by accident than by design.
ܳΪӰʦ˵Ϊ֮˵ǴżȻ
Often designs A secretive plot or scheme:
  designs ıܵļƻ򷽰
He has designs on my job.
ڴҹ
?
Middle English designen 
йӢ designen 
from Latin d?3re} [to designate] * see  designate 
Դ  d?3re} [ָָ] *μ designate
?
designable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
designate
des.ig.nate
AHD:[dz1g-n3t] 
D.J.[6dez!g7ne!t]
K.K.[6dWz!g7net]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
des.ig.nat.ed,des.ig.nat.ing,des.ig.nates 
To indicate or specify; point out.
ָָ
To give a name or title to; characterize.
ͷΣ
To select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose.See Synonyms at allocate See Synonyms at appoint 
ѡָɣΪĳְĿѡָμ allocateμ appoint
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-n1t] 
Appointed but not yet installed in office:
ְδְģ
the commissioner designate.
ѱδε˾
?
Latin d?3re}  d?sign3t- 
 d?3re}  d?sign3t- 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺תơ] 
sign3e [to mark]  from signum [sign] * see  sek w- 1
sign3e []  Դ signum [Ǻ] *μ sek w- 1
?
designative  
designatory
AHD:[-n-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
designator
n.ʣ

= =
desirable
de.sir.a.ble
AHD:[d1-zor-bl] 
D.J.[d!6za!*r*b*l]
K.K.[d!6za!r*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Worth having or seeking, as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing:
ֵҪģֵҵģãкô˸˶ֵҪģֵҵģ
a desirable job in the film industry; a home computer with many desirable features.
ڵӰҵгĵĹܵļͥ
Worth doing or achieving; advisable:
ֵģʵģȡģ
a desirable reform; a desirable outcome.
ĸĸֵŬĽ
Arousing desire, especially sexual desire.
ģģ
n.ʣ
A desirable person or thing.
עߣע˻
?
desirability  
desirableness
n.ʣ
desirably
adv.ʣ

= =
desire
de.sire
AHD:[d1-zor] 
D.J.[d!6za!*]
K.K.[d!6za!r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.sired,de.sir.ing,de.sires 
To wish or long for; want.
ϣҪ
To express a wish for; request.
Ҫ󣺱ԡϣҪҪ
n.ʣ
A wish or longing.
ϣ
A request or petition.
Ҫ
The object of longing:
Ŀ꣺
My greatest desire is to go back home.
ϣǻؼ
Sexual appetite; passion.

?
Middle English desiren 
йӢ desiren 
from Old French desirer 
Դ ŷ desirer 
from Latin d?oder3re} 
Դ  d?oder3re} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
sos  soder- [star] 
sos  soder- [] 
?
desirer
n.ʣ
?
desire,covet,crave,want,wish
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to have a strong longing for: 
Щʹе˼ǡǿҵĿ 
desire peace;
ƽ
coveted the new convertible;
µĳ񳵣
craving fame and fortune;
׷
wanted a drink of water;
ˮ
got all she wished. 
õϣһ 

= =
desk
desk
AHD:[dsk] 
D.J.[desk]
K.K.[dWsk]
n.ʣ
A piece of furniture typically having a flat or sloping top for writing and often drawers or compartments.
ӣͨһƽбԹдֲгļҾ
A table, counter, or booth at which specified services or functions are performed:
̨̯λóӣ̨̯λ
an information desk; a reception desk.
ѯʴ̨
A department of a large organization in charge of a specified operation:
ţһ֯ĳһضĲţ
a newspaper's city desk.
ֽĶв
A lectern.
С̨
Music A music stand in an orchestra.
֡ ׼ܣе׼
?
Middle English deske 
йӢ deske 
from Medieval Latin desca [table] 
Դ  desca [] 
from Old Italian desco 
Դ  desco 
from Latin discus [quoit] * see  disk 
Դ  discus [Ȧ] *μ disk

= =
despair
de.spair
AHD:[d1-spar] 
D.J.[d!6spe*]
K.K.[d!6spWr]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
de.spaired,de.spair.ing,de.spairs 
To lose all hope:
ʧȥȫϣ
despaired of reaching shore safely.
ʧȥȫﰶߵϣ
To be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat.
ͽ޹ʧܴ
n.ʣ
Complete loss of hope.
ȫʧȥϣ
One despaired of or causing despair:
ʹߣʹ˻£
unmotivated students that are the despair of their teachers.
ûѧϰѧʦΪǾ
?
Middle English despeiren 
йӢ despeiren 
from Old French desperer 
Դ ŷ desperer 
from Latin d??r3re} 
Դ  d??r3re} 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
sp?3re} [to hope] * see  sp?- 
sp?3re} [ϣ] *μ sp?- 
N., from Middle English despeir 
ʣԴ йӢ despeir 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old French desperer [to despair] 
Դ ŷ desperer [] 
?
despair,hopelessness,desperation,despondency,discouragement
These nouns denote loss of hope.
Щʶָɥʧϣ
 Despair and hopelessness  stress the utter absence of hope and often imply a sense of powerlessness or resignation: 
 Despair  hopelessness  ǿȫûϣʾһ֡ܵġΰڲ˼ 
When the bank repossessed the house, their depression turned to despair.
ջطʱǵľɥ˾
A spirit of hopelessness pervaded the refugee camp.
Ӫ
Desperation  is despair that drives a person to take risky, often reckless action: 
Desperation  һʹðգǱжľ 
The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation (Henry David Thoreau).
ڳľ άޣ
 Despondency  emphasizes depression of spirit resulting from cessation of hope and a belief that continued efforts will fail: 
 Despondency  ǿϣֹԼһּŬҲͽ޹µľɥ 
Her despondency arises from her inability to find employment.
֮־Ϊ޷ҵ
Discouragement  denotes loss of confidence or courage in the face of obstacles but is the weakest of these terms: 
Discouragement  ָ谭ʱɥʧĻЩУʧĳ̶ģ 
The farmer experienced moments of discouragement over the failure of his crops. 
ũƬ̵ĶũǸյʹ 

= =
despatch
des.patch
AHD:[d1-sp2ch] 
D.J.[d!6sp#t.]
K.K.[d!6sp#t.]
v.ʣ
n.ʣ
Variant of dispatch 
 dispatchı

= =
desperate
des.per.ate
AHD:[dspr-1t] 
D.J.[6desp*r!t]
K.K.[6dWsp*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having lost all hope; despairing.
ģʧȥȫϣģ
Marked by, arising from, or showing despair:
ɾģʾģ
the desperate look of hunger; a desperate cry for help.
Ǿӣĺ
Reckless or violent because of despair:
յģھçײģױģ
a desperate criminal.
յﷸ
Undertaken out of extreme urgency or as a last resort:
עһģֳǿҵļеģһѰȣģ
a desperate attempt to save the family business.
ȼҵĹעһĳ
Nearly hopeless; critical:
ûϣģصģΣյģ
a desperate illness; a desperate situation.
֢Σվ
Suffering or driven by great need or distress:
еģȿģǿҵҪʹģ
desperate for recognition.
ڵõ
Extremely intense:
رǿҵģ
felt a desperate urge to tell the truth.
еһǿҵĳ嶯Ҫ˵ʵ
?
Middle English desperat 
йӢ desperat 
from Latin d??r3tus} [past participle of] d?sp?r3re [to despair] * see  despair 
Դ  d??r3tus}  [] d?sp?r3reĹȥִ [] *μ despair
?
desperately
adv.ʣ
desperateness
n.ʣ

= =
despise
de.spise
AHD:[d1-spoz] 
D.J.[d!6spa!z]
K.K.[d!6spa!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.spised,de.spis.ing,de.spis.es 
To regard with contempt or scorn:
ӣָԴ
despised all cowards and flatterers.
еĵС
To dislike intensely; loathe:
񣺷ǳǿҵزϲ
despised the frigid weather in January.
һ·ݺ
To regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern:
ӣΪֵùĻȤ
despised any thought of their own safety.
κιȫԵĿ
?
Middle English despisen 
йӢ despisen 
from Old French despire  despis- 
Դ ŷ despire  despis- 
from Latin d?e 
Դ  d?e 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺͡] 
specere [to look] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
despisal
AHD:[-spozl] ʣ
despiser
n.ʣ
?
despise,contemn,disdain,scorn,scout
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to regard with utter contempt: 
Щʹе˼ǡȵӡ 
despises incompetence;
ų
contemned the actions of the dictator;
Ӷߵķ
disdained my suggestion;
ҵĽ飻
scorns sentimentality;
ƸУ
scouted simplistic explanations. esteem 
Ц򵥵Ľ esteem

= =
despite
de.spite
AHD:[d1-spot] 
D.J.[d!6spa!t]
K.K.[d!6spa!t]
prep.ʣ
In spite of; notwithstanding:
ܣܣܵģ
won the game despite overwhelming odds.
ܲ⣬Ӯ˱
n.ʣ
Contemptuous defiance or disregard.
ľܾ򲻳
Spite; malice:
ޣԹޣ
He died soon after . . . of pure despite and vexation(Sir Walter Scott)
ܿڵԹ޺ͷա(ֶء˹ؾʿ)
?
Short for in despite of 
 in despite ofļд 
from Middle English despit [spite] 
Դ йӢ despit [Թ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin d?s [from past participle of] d?spicere [to despise] * see  despise 
Դ  d?s  [] Դd?spicereĹȥִ [] *μ despise

= =
destination
des.ti.na.tion
AHD:[dst-n3shn] 
D.J.[7dest*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[7dWst*6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
The place to which one is going or directed.
ĿĵأһҪĵط
The ultimate purpose for which something is created or intended.
ĿģĿ꣺ĳµĿ
Archaic An act of appointing or setting aside for a specific purpose.
 ָԤΪĳضĿָĳΪ

= =
destiny
des.ti.ny
AHD:[dst-n?] 
D.J.[6dest*ni8]
K.K.[6dWst*ni]
n.ʣ
 des.ti.nies 
The inevitable or necessary fate to which a particular person or thing is destined; one's lot.See Synonyms at fate 
ˣһض˻עĲɱ˲μ fate
A predetermined course of events considered as something beyond human power or control:
עһ¼ԤȾģԽ˵ͿƵḶ́
Marriage and hanging go by destiny(Robert Burton)
עġ(޲ء)
The power or agency thought to predetermine events; fate:
ˣΪԤȾ¼أˣ
Destiny brought them together.
ʹһ
?
Middle English destine 
йӢ destine 
from Old French destinee [from feminine past participle of] destiner [to destine] * see  destine 
Դ ŷ destinee  [] ԴdestinerԹȥִ [ע] *μ destine

= =
destroy
de.stroy
AHD:[d1-stroi] 
D.J.[d!6str%!]
K.K.[d!6str%!]
v.ʣ
de.stroyed,de.stroy.ing,de.stroys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ruin completely; spoil:
ȫƻ
The ancient manuscripts were destroyed by fire.
Ŵָ屻
To tear down or break up; demolish.See Synonyms at ruin 
ݻ٣Ʒ壻ٲμ ruin
To do away with; put an end to:
ʹս᣺
In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness(George Bernard Shaw)
˿ӵĵطƶʹ޿ܡ(Ρ)
To kill:
ɱ
destroy a rabid dog.
ɱ蹷
To subdue or defeat completely; crush:
壺ȫȫܣѹ
The rebel forces were destroyed in battle.
սб
To render useless or ineffective:
ʹãʹЧ
destroyed the testimony of the prosecution's chief witness.
ʹԭ漰ʦҪ֤˵֤Ч
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be destructive; cause destruction:
ݻ٣ƻ
Too much money destroys as surely as too little(John Simon)
Ǯ͹ٵǮһƻá(Լ)
?
Middle English destroien 
йӢ destroien 
from Old French destruire 
Դ ŷ destruire 
from Vulgar Latin *d??gere} 
Դ  *d??gere} 
from Latin d?e 
Դ  d?e 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺͡] 
struere [to pile up] * see  ster- 2
struere [ѻ] *μ ster- 2

= =
destruction
de.struc.tion
AHD:[d1-str?kshn] 
D.J.[d!6strJk.*n]
K.K.[d!6strJk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of destroying.
𣺻ƻŵΪ
The condition of having been destroyed.
ݻ٣ƻ
The cause or means of destroying:
ƻԭֶΣ
weapons that could prove to be the destruction of humankind.
Ա֤ܶлԴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin d??}  d?structi?n- 
Դ  d??}  d?structi?n- 
from d?s [past participle of] d?struere [to destroy] * see  destroy 
Դ d?s  [] d?struereĹȥִ [ƻ] *μ destroy

= =
destructive
de.struc.tive
AHD:[d1-str?kt1v] 
D.J.[d!6strJkt!v]
K.K.[d!6strJkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous:
ƻģƻԵģʩƻģƻģ
a destructive act; a policy that is destructive to the economy.
ƻΪΣõ
Designed or tending to disprove or discredit:
кģ𺦵ģɱ֤ģʹûģ
destructive criticism.
𺦵
?
destructively
adv.ʣ
destructiveness  
destructivity
AHD:[d?str?k-t1v1-t?] ʣ

= =
detach
de.tach
AHD:[d1-t2ch] 
D.J.[d!6t#t.]
K.K.[d!6t#t.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.tached,de.tach.ing,de.tach.es 
To separate or unfasten; disconnect:
ֿɿֿɿʹ
detach a check from the checkbook; detach burs from one's coat.
֧Ʊ˺һ֧Ʊȡ´ճĶ
To remove from association or union with something:
룬˳֯ĳ
detach a calf from its mother; detached herself from the group.
Сţĸţߴߣ˳
To send (troops or ships, for example) on a special mission.
ǲΪĳһǲ粿ӻֻ
?
French dtacher 
 dtacher 
from Old French destachier 
Դ ŷ destachier 
des- [de-] 
des- [ǰ׺Ƴ] 
attachier [to attach] * see  attach 
attachier [] *μ attach
?
detachability
n.ʣ
detachable
adj.ݴʣ
detachably
adv.ʣ

= =
detail
de.tail
AHD:[d1-t3l, d?t3l] 
D.J.[d!6te!l, 6di87te!l]
K.K.[d!6tel, 6di7tel]
n.Abbr. det.ʣд det.
An individual part or item; a particular.See Synonyms at item 
ϸĿϸڣһĲֻĿϸڲμ item
Particulars considered individually and in relation to a whole:
ϸڣǲϢصϸڣ
careful attention to detail.
ϸڵע
A minor or an inconsequential item or aspect; a minutia:
ϸĿ飺΢СҪ棻΢£
skipped the details to get to the main point.
ϸڣץص
A minute or thorough treatment or account:
飺
went into detail about his travels.

A discrete part or portion of a work, such as a painting, building, or decorative object, especially when considered in isolation.
ϸĳƷ滭װΣһָ֣ЩֱֿǵĲ
A representation of such a part or portion:
ֲֿ㲿ıʾ
a detail of a Rembrandt portrait illustrating the technique of chiaroscuro.
һֲФ񻭵ľֲʾյĻ滭
A small elaborated element of a work of art, craft, or design.
ϸڣ̻Ʒ΢Сϸ֮
Such elements considered together:
ͳһǵϸڣ
the intricate detail of a rococo altarpiece.
ɿʽʥ̳װλĸϸ
The rendering of artistic detail:
ϸڵĽͣ
the fine detail of the painter's brushwork.
һ滭ľϸ
The selection of one or more troops for a particular duty, usually a fatigue duty.
ǲѡɣΪĳһضͨͶѡһ֧֧
The personnel so selected.
ѡɵԱ
The duty assigned:
ָ
garbage detail.
ɨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.tailed,de.tail.ing,de.tails[d1-t3l]  
To report or relate minutely or in particulars.
ϸ㱨
To name or state explicitly:
˵
detailed the charges against the defendant.
ϸسԱָ
To provide with artistic or decorative detail:
ϸװΣṩԵĻװԵϸڣ
detailed the quilt with colorful appliqu.
ɫʷḻķװα
To select and dispatch for a particular duty.
ѡɣΪضѡǲ
?
in detail
With attention to particulars; thoroughly or meticulously:
ϸأϸأעϸڵأ׵أëõأ
explained her proposal in detail.
ϸķ
?
French dtail 
 dtail 
from Old French detail [a piece cut off] 
Դ ŷ detail [гĲ] 
from detaillir [to cut up] 
Դ detaillir [] 
de- [de-] 
de- [ǰ׺񶨣෴] 
tailler [to cut] * see  tailor 
tailler [] *μ tailor
?
detailer
n.ʣ

= =
detect
de.tect
AHD:[d1-tkt] 
D.J.[d!6tekt]
K.K.[d!6tWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.tect.ed,de.tect.ing,de.tects 
To discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of.
ֻŪʵ
To discern the true nature or character of:
죺ʵıʣ
detected malice behind the smile.
Цݱ
Electronics To demodulate.
ѧ 첨
?
Middle English detecten 
йӢ detecten 
from Latin d?e  d?tect- [to uncover] 
Դ  d?e  d?tect- [ʾ] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
tegere [to cover] * see  (s)teg- 
tegere [ڸ] *μ (s)teg- 
?
detectable  
detectible
adj.ݴʣ
detecter
n.ʣ

= =
detection
de.tec.tion
AHD:[d1-tkshn] 
D.J.[d!6tek.*n]
K.K.[d!6tWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of detecting; discovery:
֣⣺ж̣֣
detection of a crime; detection of radiation from a distant galaxy.
ԷĲ⵽һңԶϵ
See  demodulation 
μ  demodulation

= =
detective
de.tec.tive
AHD:[d1-tkt1v] 
D.J.[d!6tekt!v]
K.K.[d!6tWkt!v]
n.ʣ
A person, usually a member of a police force, who investigates crimes and obtains evidence or information.
ָ̽ͨУ鷸ﲢȡ֤ݻϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to detectives or their work:
̽ģ̽Ļ̽ģйصģ
detective novels.
̽С˵
Suited for or used in detection.
̽ģ̽
?
The first detective may have come into existence before the word itself.C. Auguste Dupin, Edgar Allan Poe's hero in The Murders in the Rue Morgue, which is considered the world's 
first real detective story,was introduced to the world in 1841.Nine years later we find the first recorded instance of the worddetective,  although the phrases detective police  and 
detective policeman,  from which it was shortened, are recorded first in 1843. Hence, Dupin precedes all recorded instances ofdetective,  just as he precedes all other detectives.
һ̽ڡ̽ʳǰͳˡC¹˹ƽ¼ӡ׵С˵ĪıɱⱾ鱻Ϊϵһ̽С˵е˹
1841걻ܸȫ硣Ȼdetective police  detective policeman (detectiveߵд״α1843꣬ǲҵ detective ʵĵһ
ء Ϊֹƽdetective  ̽һ

= =
deteriorate
de.te.ri.o.rate
AHD:[d1-t?r?--r3t] 
D.J.[d!6t!*ri8*7re!t]
K.K.[d!6t!ri*7ret]
v.ʣ
de.te.ri.o.rat.ed,de.te.ri.o.rat.ing,de.te.ri.o.rates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To diminish or impair in quality, character, or value:
ʹ񻯣𺦻򽵵ͣʻֵ
Time and neglect had deteriorated the property.
ʱʹԶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow worse; degenerate:
񻯣ø˻
The weather deteriorated overnight. His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.
ϣԽԽ㡣ʱѾ
To weaken or disintegrate; decay:
߽⣻˥ˣ
The nation's highways are deteriorating at a rapid pace.
ҵĸٹ·Ѹ˥
?
Late Latin d??r3re}  d?teri?r3t- 
 d??r3re}  d?teri?r3t- 
from Latin d?r [worse] * see  de- 
Դ  d?r [仵] *μ de- 
?
deterioration
n.ʣ
deteriorative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
determination
de.ter.mi.na.tion
AHD:[d1-t?rm-n3shn] 
D.J.[d!7tT8m*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[d!7tPm*6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of making or arriving at a decision.See Synonyms at decision 
һΪμ decision
The decision reached.
ɵľ
Firmness of purpose; resolve:
Ŀļᶨᶨ
approached the task with determination and energy.
Ŭ
A fixed intention or resolution:
ģ̶Ĵģ
returned to school with a determination to finish.
ѧҵľĻصѧУ
The settling of a question or case by an authoritative decision or pronouncement, especially by a judicial body:
оȷͨȨľнĳһ˾ָͨ˾Ž
The choice of a foster home was left to the determination of the court.
ѡļͥ¶ɷͥ
The decision or pronouncement made.
ԣľ
The ascertaining or fixing of the quantity, quality, position, or character of something:
ȷŪĳλû
a determination of the ship's longitude; a determination of the mass of the universe.
ҴȵȷĲⶨ
The result of such ascertaining.
ֵĽ
A fixed movement or tendency toward an object or end.
ƣһĿյȷԵ˶
Logic 
߼ѧ 
The defining of a concept through its constituent elements.
壺ͨԪһ
The qualification of a concept or proposition to render it more definite or specific.
޶ΪʹĳһͼӾȷӵ޶

= =
determine
de.ter.mine
AHD:[d1-t?rm1n] 
D.J.[d!6tT8m!n]
K.K.[d!6tPm!n]
v.ʣ
de.ter.mined,de.ter.min.ing,de.ter.mines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To decide or settle (a dispute, for example) conclusively and authoritatively.
жԡȨԵؾ׵ȣ
To end or decide, as by judicial action.
оͨ˾жս
To establish or ascertain definitely, as after consideration, investigation, or calculation.See Synonyms at discover 
ȷڿǣ֮󣬾Եȷϲμ discover
To cause (someone) to come to a conclusion or resolution.
ʹĳˣóۣʹó
To be the cause of; regulate:
Ϊԭ򣻿ƣ
Demand determines production.

To give direction to:
ָ
The management committee determines departmental policy.
ίԱŵ
To limit in scope or extent.
ƣڷΧϼԼ
Mathematics To fix or define the position, form, or configuration of.
ѧ ȷȷλã״ṹ
Logic To explain or limit by adding differences.
߼ѧ ֲͨԽͻ
Law To put an end to; terminate.
ɡ ʹֹֹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reach a decision; resolve.See Synonyms at decide 
μ decide
Law To come to an end.
ɡ ֹ
?
Middle English determinen 
йӢ determinen 
from Old French determiner 
Դ ŷ determiner 
from Latin d?3re} [to limit] 
Դ  d?3re} [] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺תơ] 
terminus [boundary] 
terminus [] 

= =
develop
de.vel.op
AHD:[d1-vlp] 
D.J.[d!6vel*p]
K.K.[d!6vWl*p]
v.ʣ
de.vel.oped,de.vel.op.ing,de.vel.ops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring from latency to or toward fulfillment:
Ǳڵƣ
an instructor who develops the capabilities of each student.
ÿѧǱܵĵʦ
To expand or enlarge:
չʹ
developed a national corporation into a worldwide business.
ѹҵչԵҵ
To aid in the growth of; strengthen:
ǿǿɳǿ
exercises that develop muscles.
˶ٽ
To improve the quality of; refine:

develops his recipes to perfection; an extra year of study to develop virtuosic technique.
øƣѧһԱһ߼
To cause to become more complex or intricate; add detail and fullness to; elaborate:
ʹӣʹøӸӣϸڣʹøӣ
began with a good premise but developed it without imagination.
һõǰῪʼȴںԽԽ
Music To elaborate (a theme) with rhythmic and harmonic variations.
֡ ʹַнĺгı仯ʹɣӾ
To bring into being gradually:
γɣ
develop a new cottage industry.
γµļֹͥҵ
To set forth or clarify by degrees:
𲽲
developed her thesis in a series of articles.
һϵ𽥲
To come to have gradually; acquire:
ӵУã
develop a taste for opera; develop a friendship.
Ըļչ
To become affected with; contract:
ȾܡȾ
developed a rash; developed agoraphobia.
ȾƤȾϿҰ־֢
To cause gradually to acquire a specific role, function, or form, as:
𽥻ãʹ𽥻ĳһضĵλܻʽ磺
To influence the behavior of toward a specific end:
Ӱ죺ĳһضĿӰΪ
an investigator who develops witnesses through flattery and intimidation.
ԱùάͿӰ֤
To cause (a tract of land) to serve a particular purpose:
أʹһأΪضĿķ
developed the site as a community of condominiums.
طһͬϽ
To make available and effective to fulfill a particular end or need:
ʹãΪĳضĿĻҪʹãʹЧ
develop the state's water resources to serve a growing population.
չݵˮԴ㲻˿ڵ
To convert or transform:
תת䣺
developed the play into a movie.
ϷıɵӰ
Games To move (a chess piece) to or toward a more strategic position.
Ϸ λãĳսԵλƶӣ
To process (a photosensitive material), especially with chemicals, in order to render a recorded image visible.
ϴࣺΪʹ¼ͼɼɴʣָûѧʴ
To render (an image) visible by this means.
ʹӰͨϴʹͼ󣩿ɼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow by degrees into a more advanced or mature state:
չ죺׶߼״̬
With hard work, she developed into a great writer.See Synonyms at mature 
عΪһλΰҲμ mature
To increase or expand.
չ
To improve; advance:
ߣչ
Their skill developed until it rivaled their teacher's.
ǵļղ󣬿ǵʦƥ
To come gradually into existence or activity:
γɣ𽥳֣𽥱
Tension developed between students and faculty.
ѧͽְԱ֮ϵ𽥽
To come gradually to light; be disclosed:
¶ʾ¶
reports the news as it develops.
ٱ
Biology 
ѧ 
To progress from earlier to later stages of a life cycle:
ڵڽ׶ηչڽ׶Σ
Caterpillars develop into butterflies.
ëɺ
To progress from earlier to later or from simpler to more complex stages of evolution.
ӽ׶εڵĩڻӼ򵥵ӵķչ
?
French dvelopper 
 dvelopper 
from Old French desveloper 
Դ ŷ desveloper 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ǰ׺ûС] 
voloper [to wrap]  [possibly of Celtic origin] 
voloper [ѡ]  [Դ] 
?
developable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
development
de.vel.op.ment
AHD:[d1-vlp-mnt] 
D.J.[d!6vel*pm*nt]
K.K.[d!6vWl*pm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of developing.
չչŵΪ
The state of being developed.
չ״̬
A significant event, occurrence, or change.
ش¼仯
A group of dwellings built by the same contractor.
ͬһӪ޽ķȺ
Determination of the best techniques for applying a new device or process to production of goods or services.
¼õļ豸¹Ʒ
Music 
֡ 
Elaboration of a theme with rhythmic and harmonic variations.
ɫнġгı仯ʹɸΪ
The part of a movement in sonata form in which the theme is elaborated and explored.
£ɻ²
?
developmental
AHD:[-mntl] ݴʣ
developmentally
adv.ʣ
?
development,evolution,progress
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage: 
Щʹе˼ǣӼ򵥻ͼ߼ӵʽ׶εĽ 
the development of an aptitude into an accomplishment;
츳ɾ͵ķչ
the evolution of a plant from a seed;
ӿʼֲĽ
attempts made to foster social progress. 
ٽĳ 

= =
deviate
de.vi.ate
AHD:[d?v?-3t] 
D.J.[6di8vi87e!t]
K.K.[6divi7et]
v.ʣ
de.vi.at.ed,de.vi.at.ing,de.vi.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn aside from a course or way.
룺ƫһ·߻
To depart, as from a norm, a purpose, or a subject; stray.See Synonyms at swerve 
ƫ룺ƫ볣棬ƫһĿĿģƫμ swerve
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to turn aside or differ.
ʹƫ룺ƫ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
A deviant.
ߣˣ
?
Late Latin d?3re}  d?vi3t- 
 d?3re}  d?vi3t- 
Latin d?- [de-] 
 d?- [ǰ׺ƫ롱] 
Latin via [road] * see  wegh- 
 via [·] *μ wegh- 
?
deviator
n.ʣ
deviatory
AHD:[--t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
device
de.vice
AHD:[d1-vos] 
D.J.[d!6va!s]
K.K.[d!6va!s]
n.ʣ
A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks.
ƣΪضĿĶƻָĳ򼸸򵥵صĻ
A technique or means.

A plan or scheme, especially a malign one.
ƣһƻ򷽰ָģƻ򷽰
A literary contrivance, such as parallelism or personification, used to achieve a particular effect.
ˣѧϵһ޴Ƿ˷ԴﵽĳرЧ
A decorative design, figure, or pattern, as one used in embroidery.See Synonyms at figure 
ͼĳװԵƻͼƷʹõһ֣װλͼȣμ figure
A graphic symbol or motto, especially in heraldry.
̵ķŻʣָͼ
Archaic The act, state, or power of devising.
 ƣơΪ״̬
?
leave to (one's) own devices
To allow to do as one pleases:
ĳ£ĳ˰ԼԸ£
left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.
һСʱ֧ʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French devis [division, wish] 
Դ ŷ devis [룬ϣ] 
Old French devise [design] 
ŷ devise [] 
both from Latin doosus, dovosa} [past participle of] dovidere [to divide, separate] 
Դ  doosus, dovosa}  [] dovidereĹȥִ [ֿ] 

= =
devil
dev.il
AHD:[dvl] 
D.J.[6dev*l]
K.K.[6dWv*l]
n.ʣ
Often Devil Theology In many religions, the major personified spirit of evil, ruler of Hell, and foe of God. Used withthe.  
  Devil ѧ ħڶڽУҪ˵꣬ͳߺϵ۵ĵˡthe  
A subordinate evil spirit; a demon.
ħаꣻħ
A wicked or malevolent person.
ˣаĻ񶾵
A person:
ˣһһˣ
a handsome devil; the poor devil.
Ưˣļһ
An energetic, mischievous, daring, or clever person.
ˣġġΪĻ
Printing A printer's devil.
ӡˢ ӡˢѧͽ
A device or machine, especially one having teeth or spikes and used for tearing.
ĳض;װûеָõġݻⶤװ
An outstanding example, especially of something difficult or bad:
£ĳָѵĻ򲻺õ
has a devil of a temper.
ħƢ
A severe reprimand or expression of anger:
ͷϳͣĳͷŭı֣
gave me the devil for cutting class.
ζܵĳͷ
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ǿ⣺
Who the devil do you think you are?
Ϊ˭?
Christian Science The opposite of Truth; error.
̿ѧɡ ķ棻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dev.iled  dev.illed dev.il.ing  dev.il.ling dev.ils  dev.ils  
To season (food) heavily.
ʳļ
To annoy, torment, or harass.
ʹ˿աջĥ
To tear up (cloth or rags) in a toothed machine.
飺гݵĻϲ鲼Ʋ
?
between the devil and the deep blue sea
Between two equally unacceptable choices.
ѣܽܵѡ֮
give the devil his due
To give credit to a disagreeable or malevolent person.
ƽԴˣദĻа˸
go to the devil
To be unsuccessful; fail.
ɹʧ
To become depraved.

Used in the imperative to express anger or impatience.
ʹбʾŭͲͷ
play the devil with
To upset or ruin.
Ū㡭㸲
the devil take the hindmost
Let each person follow self-interest, leaving others to fare as they may.
꣺ÿ׷棬ι
the devil to pay
Trouble to be faced as a result of an action:
鷳ĳΪĽҪԵ鷳
There'll be the devil to pay if you allow the piglets inside the house.
С뷿Ӿͻкܴ鷳
?
Middle English devel 
йӢ devel 
from Old English d?l 
Դ Ӣ d?l 
from Latin diabolus 
Դ  diabolus 
from Late Greek diabolos 
Դ ϣ diabolos 
from Greek [slanderer] 
Դ ϣ [̰] 
from diaballein [to slander] 
Դ diaballein [̰] 
dia- [dia-] 
dia- [ǰ׺ȫģʼյء] 
ballein [to hurl] * see  g wel- 
ballein [Ͷ] *μ g wel- 

= =
devise
de.vise
AHD:[d1-voz] 
D.J.[d!6va!z]
K.K.[d!6va!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.vised,de.vis.ing,de.vis.es 
To form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive:
ƣγɣƻƻ
devised a new system for handling mail orders.
һµżϵͳ
Law To transmit or give (real property) by will.
ɡ ģʵƲ
Archaic To suppose; imagine.
 룻
n.Law ʣɡ 
The act of transmitting or giving real property by will.
оΪ
The property or lands so transmitted or given.
ĲƲƲ
A will or clause in a will transmitting or giving real property.

?
Middle English devisen 
йӢ devisen 
from Old French deviser 
Դ ŷ deviser 
from Vulgar Latin *d?os3re} 
Դ  *d?os3re} 
from Latin *doos3re} [frequentative of] dovidere [to divide] 
Դ  *doos3re}  [] dovidereظ [] 
?
devisable
adj.ݴʣ
deviser
n.ʣ

= =
devote
de.vote
AHD:[d1-v?t] 
D.J.[d!6v*&t]
K.K.[d!6vot]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
de.vot.ed,de.vot.ing,de.votes 
To give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person.
ףĳ˵ʱ䡢Լȫ׸ĳرĻҵĿĳ
To set apart for a specific purpose or use:
רãΪһضĿĻ;
land devoted to mining.
ɿ
To set apart by or as if by a vow or solemn act; consecrate:
ףͨƺͨĻ¡صΪףף
a temple devoted to Apollo.
һ׸޵
?
Latin d??re}  d?v?t- [to vow] 
 d??re}  d?v?t- [] 
d?- [de-] 
d?- [ǰ׺תơ] 
vov?e [to vow] 
vov?e [] 
?
devotement
n.ʣ
?
devote,dedicate,consecrate,pledge
These verbs are compared as they mean to give to a particular end and especially to a higher purpose.
Щڱʾ׸ĳرĿģָеĿ˼ʱǿɱȵġ
 Devote   implies faithfulness and loyalty: 
 Devote  ָҳϺģ 
Nurses devote themselves to the care of the sick.
ʿڲ˵Ļҵ
Dedicate  connotes a solemn, often formal commitment: 
Dedicate  ζһԣͨΪʽŵ 
To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have (Woodrow Wilson).
ΪǿԹǵͲƲǾһУӵһС ޡѷ
 Consecrate   suggests sacred commitment: 
 Consecrate  ʾʥΪ 
His entire life is consecrated to science. To 
ľ׸˿ѧҵ 
 pledge   is to back a personal commitment by a solemn promise: 
 Pledge  ͨһԶʵжϣ 
I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people (Franklin D. Roosevelt).
 ǣԼģ֤ߡ ֡D˹

= =
dew
dew
AHD:[d?, dy?] 
D.J.[du8, dju8]
K.K.[du, dju]
n.ʣ
Water droplets condensed from the air, usually at night, onto cool surfaces.
¶ˮӿˮΣͨҹ֣ڱ
Something moist, fresh, pure, or renewing:
ˬʪ¡յĶ
The timely dew of sleep/. . . inclines/Our eye-lids(John Milton)
ӳ˯мʱ¶//ǵ(Լ׶)
Moisture, as in the form of tears or perspiration, that appears in small drops.
¶飺ʪγСˮΣʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dewed,dew.ing,dews 
To wet with or as if with dew.
ƺ¶ˮŪʪ
?
Middle English deu 
йӢ deu 
from Old English d?w * see  dheu- 1
Դ Ӣ d?w *μ dheu- 1
?
DEW
DEW
abbr.
Distant early warning.
ԶԤȾ

= =
diagnose
di.ag.nose
AHD:[dog-n?s, -n?z] 
D.J.[6da!*g7n*&s, -7n*&z]
K.K.[6da!*g7nos, -7noz]
v.ʣ
di.ag.nosed,di.ag.nos.ing,di.ag.nos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.
ϣͨϱʶ缲
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a diagnosis.

?
Back-formation from diagnosis 
Դ diagnosis湹
?
diagnosable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
diagram
di.a.gram
AHD:[do-gr2m] 
D.J.[6da!*7gr#m]
K.K.[6da!*7gr#m]
n.Abbr. diag.ʣд diag.
A plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works or to clarify the relationship between the parts of a whole.
ͼʾͼ⣺ΪʾĳΪ֮ϵƵƽͼʾͼͼ׻ͼ
Mathematics A graphic representation of an algebraic or geometric relationship.
ѧ ͼ򼸺ιϵͼ
A chart or graph.
ͼͼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
di.a.grammed  di.a.gramed di.a.gram.ming  di.a.gram.ing di.a.grams  di.a.grams  
To indicate or represent by or as if by a diagram.
ͼⷨʾûƲñʾָ
?
Latin diagramma [figure] 
 diagramma [ͼ] 
from Greek [a figure worked out by lines, plan] 
Դ ϣ [] 
from diagraphein [to mark out, delineate] 
Դ diagraphein [ߡ湴״] 
dia- [dia-] 
dia- [ǰ׺ȫģʼյġ] 
graphein [to write] * see  gerbh- 
graphein [д] *μ gerbh- 
?
diagrammable
adj.ݴʣ
diagrammatic
AHD:[-gr-m2t1k]   dia.gram.mati.cal ݴʣ
diagrammatically
adv.ʣ

= =
dial
di.al
AHD:[dol] 
D.J.[6da!*l]
K.K.[6da!*l]
n.ʣ
A graduated surface or face on which a measurement, such as speed, is indicated by a moving needle or pointer.
̣п̶ȵı棬ɻָָʾʾ⣬¶
The face of a clock.
¼ߵı
A sundial.

The panel or face on a radio or television receiver on which the frequencies or channels are indicated.
г̣ӻָʾƵ򲨶ε̻
A movable control knob or other device on a radio or television receiver used to change the frequency.
гťӻתƵʵתťװ
A rotatable disk on a telephone with numbers and letters, used to signal the number to which a call is made.
̣绰ϴֺĸת̣ͺеĵ绰
v.ʣ
di.aled  di.alled di.al.ing  di.al.ling di.als  di.als  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To measure with or as if with a dial.
ñ̲ûƲñ̲
To point to, indicate, or register by means of a dial.
ָָͨʾԶ
To control or select by means of a dial.
ͨ̿ƻѡ
To call (a party) on a telephone.
绰һڵ绰ϲź
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use a dial, as on a telephone.
ʹƵ绰ϵķ
?
Middle English [sundial, clock] 
йӢ [У¼] 
from Old French dyal 
Դ ŷ dyal 
from Medieval Latin di3e 
Դ  di3e 
from di3s [daily] 
Դ di3s [ÿ] 
from Latin di?s [day] * see  deiw- 
Դ  di?s [] *μ deiw- 
?
dialer
n.ʣ

= =
dialect
di.a.lect
AHD:[do-lkt] 
D.J.[6da!*7lekt]
K.K.[6da!*7lWkt]
n.Abbr. dial.ʣд dial.
A regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern 
of the culture in which it exists:
ط﷨ʻĵԱ壬رǴڱ׼ѧԻĻģʽĿ壺
Cockney is a dialect of English.
׶طӢеĵ
A variety of language that with other varieties constitutes a single language of which no single variety is standard:
ԣЩһһֵһԣһǱ׼ģ
the dialects of Ancient Greek.
ϣ
The language peculiar to an occupational group or a particular social class; jargon:
ĳһְҵţԱһרҵŻض׼еԣл
the dialect of science.
ѧ
The manner or style of expressing oneself in language or the arts.
ԻԼķʽ
A language considered as part of a larger family of languages or a linguistic branch:
֧ΪϴϵһֵԻһԷ֧
Spanish and French are Romance dialects.
ͷеһ֧
?
French dialecte 
 dialecte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin dialectus [form of speech] 
Դ  dialectus [ʽ] 
from Greek dialektos [speech] 
Դ ϣ dialektos [] 
from dialegesthai [to discourse, use a dialect] 
Դ dialegesthai [˵ʹ÷] 
dia- [between, over] * see  dia- 
dia- [ڡ֮] *μ dia-
legesthai [middle voice of] legein [to speak] * see  leg- 
legesthai  [] legeinУ̬ [˵] *μ leg- 
?
dialectal
adj.ݴʣ
dialectally
adv.ʣ
?
dialect,vernacular,jargon,cant,argot,lingo,patois
These nouns denote forms of language that vary from the standard.
ЩʱʾǴӱ׼Ա仯ʽ
 Dialect  applies to the vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation characteristic of a specific geographic area or locality. The
 Dialect  λõĴʻ㡢﷨ص㡣
 vernacular  is the everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language.
 Vernacular  ÿҪĲͬѧԵĿ
 Jargon   is the specialized language used by a social or occupational group but not understood by the general public.
 Jagon  רҵõģϰղרҵԡ
 Cant  now usually refers to the specialized vocabulary of a group or trade and is often marked by the use of stock phrases.
 Cant  ָͨĳŻó׵רҵʻ㣬ԴйƱʹá
 Argot  applies especially to the language of the underworld or, by extension, to that of any specific group.
 Argot  ر²ԣͨ꣬κ⼯ŵԡ
 Lingo  is applied, often humorously or contemptuously, to language that is unfamiliar or so specialized that it is difficult to understand.
 Lingo  ĬͱӵڲϤʮרҵѶԡ
 Patois  refers especially to a regional dialect without a literary tradition or to a creole.
 Patois  ָûѧͳĵԷԻ¶

= =
dialog
di.a.log
AHD:[do-l?g, -l?g] 
D.J.[6da!*7l%8g, -7lKg]
K.K.[6da!*7l%g, -7l$g]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of dialogue 
 dialogueı

= =
diameter
di.am.e.ter
AHD:[do-2m1-tr] 
D.J.[da!6#m!t*]
K.K.[da!6#m!t+]
n.ʣ
Abbr. dia.,diam.Mathematics 
д dia.,diam.ѧ 
A straight line segment passing through the center of a figure, especially of a circle or sphere, and terminating at the periphery.
ֱһͼΣرԲλεĵԲֱܽ߶
The length of such a segment.
ֱһεĳ
Thickness or width.
Ȼ
?
Middle English diametre 
йӢ diametre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin diametrus 
Դ  diametrus 
from Greek diametros 
Դ ϣ diametros 
dia- [dia-] 
dia- [ǰ׺ȫģʼյġ] 
metron [measure] * see  m?- 2
metron [] *μ m?- 2
?
diametral
AHD:[-trl] ݴʣ

= =
diamond
di.a.mond
AHD:[do-mnd, domnd] 
D.J.[6da!*m*nd, 6da!m*nd]
K.K.[6da!*m*nd, 6da!m*nd]
n.ʣ
An extremely hard, highly refractive crystalline form of carbon that is usually colorless and is used as a gemstone and in abrasives, cutting tools, and other applications.
ʯһּӲʵĽᾧ״̼أɫʯĥиԼ;
A figure with four equal sides forming two inner obtuse angles and two inner acute angles; a rhombus or lozenge.
Σһִĸȱ߹ڶ۽ǺǵͼΣλ
Games 
Ϸ 
A red, lozenge-shaped figure on certain playing cards.
飺ض˿Ϻɫͼ
A playing card with this figure.
ƣͼεֽ
diamonds (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The suit of cards represented by this figure.
 diamonds 뵥ãֻɫһֽ
Baseball 
 
An infield.
Ұ
The whole playing field.
ģ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a diamond bracelet; diamond jewelry.
ʯʯʯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
di.a.mond.ed,di.a.mond.ing,di.a.monds 
To adorn with or as if with diamonds.
ʯװΣʯװλʯװ
?
Middle English diamaunt 
йӢ diamaunt 
from Old French diamant 
Դ ŷ diamant 
from Medieval Latin diamas  diamant- 
Դ  diamas  diamant- 
alteration of Latin adamas * see  adamant 
  adaması仯 *μ adamant

= =
diary
di.a.ry
AHD:[do-r?] 
D.J.[6da!*ri8]
K.K.[6da!*ri]
n.ʣ
 di.a.ries 
A daily record, especially a personal record of events, experiences, and observations; a journal.
ռǣÿռ¼ָ˰ѷ¡͹۲Ķдµļ¼¼
A book for use in keeping a personal record, as of experiences.
ռǲ˾صı
?
Latin di3m [daily allowance, daily journal] 
 di3m [ÿսո] 
from di?s [day] * see  deiw- 
Դ di?s [] *μ deiw- 

= =
dictate
dic.tate
AHD:[d1kt3t, d1k-t3t] 
D.J.[6d!k7te!t, d!k6te!t]
K.K.[6d!k7tet, d!k6tet]
v.ʣ
dic.tat.ed,dic.tat.ing,dic.tates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To say or read aloud to be recorded or written by another:
˵һ˼¼д
dictate a letter.

To prescribe with authority; impose:
ָʾȨָʾǿʵУ
dictated the rules of the game.

To control or command:
ƣ֧䣺ƻָӣ
Foreign leaders were . . . dictated by their own circumstances, bound by the universal imperatives of politics(Doris Kearns Goodwin)
Χ쵼ߡԼĻ֧䣬εձרơ(˿˶˹ŵ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To say or read aloud material to be recorded or written by another:
˵ϣһ˼¼д
dictated for an hour before leaving for the day.
뿪һ֮ǰһСʱ
To issue orders or commands.
䲼ָ
n.ʣ
AHD:[d1kt3t] 
A directive; a command.
ָʾ
A guiding principle:
ָԭ
followed the dictates of my conscience.
ҵĵ֧
?
Latin dict3e  dict3t- [frequentative of] docere [to say] * see  deik- 
 dict3e  dict3t-  [] docereظ [] *μ deik- 
?
dictate,decree,impose,ordain,prescribe
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to set forth expressly and authoritatively: 
Щʹе˼ġȷȨز 
victors dictating the terms of surrender;
ʤ߿ͶĿ
confiscation of alien property decreed by the legislature;
غоƲûգ
impose obedience;
ǿƷӣ
a separation seemingly ordained by fate;
עķ룻
taxes prescribed by law. 
ɹ涨˰ 

= =
dictation
dic.ta.tion
AHD:[d1k-t3shn] 
D.J.[d!k6te!.*n]
K.K.[d!k6te.*n]
n.Abbr. dict.ʣд dict.
The act or process of dictating material to another for transcription.
ڲϹһ˱¼Ϊ
The material so dictated.
ڵĲ
An authoritative command or order.
Ȩָʾ

= =
dictionary
dic.tion.ar.y
AHD:[d1ksh-nr?] 
D.J.[6d!k.*7neri8]
K.K.[6d!k.*7nWri]
n.ʣ
 dic.tion.ar.ies д dict.
A reference book containing an alphabetical list of words, with information given for each word, usually including meaning, pronunciation, and etymology.
ʵ䣺ĸ˳Ĳο飬ṩиʵϣͨ塢ʹԴ
A book listing the words of a language with translations into another language.
ֵ䣺һһԵĵʿг
A book listing words or other linguistic items in a particular category or subject with specialized information about them:
רôʵ䣺ĳһѧƻĳҪרôʻרƵĲο飺
a medical dictionary.
ҽѧʵ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A list of words stored in machine-readable form for reference as by spelling-checking software.
ֵ䣺Իɶʽ洢ĵʱƴдвο
An electronic spelling checker.
ֵ䣺һֵƴд
?
Medieval Latin dicti?3rium} 
 dicti?3rium} 
from Latin dicti?}  dicti?n- [diction] * see  diction 
Դ  dicti?}  dicti?n- [] *μ diction

= =
die
die 1
AHD:[do] 
D.J.[da!]
K.K.[da!]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
died,dy.ing[do1ng] dies 
To cease living; become dead; expire.
ֹͣ棻
To cease existing, especially by degrees; fade:
ʧţٴڣر̶ָȣʧ
The sunlight died in the west.
ʧ
To experience an agony or suffering suggestive of that of death:
١ıԵĻ뵽ʹࣺ
nearly died of embarrassment.
ھ
Informal To desire something greatly:
ʽ ǳҪĳ
I am dying for a box of chocolates. She was dying to see the exhibit.
ҷǳõһɿǳȥչ
To cease operation; stop:
ֹͣתֹֹͣ
If your vehicle dies, stay with it.
ĳˣ͵Ƕ
To be destroyed, as in combat:
𣺻սлٻ
could see the remains of two aircraft that had died in the attack.
ԿϮлٻܷɻ
?
die back ֲѧ
To be affected by dieback.
֦ҶήܶݲӰ
die down
To lose strength; subside:
ˣûˣƽˣ
The winds died down.
罥ƽϢ
die off
To undergo a sudden, sharp decline in population:
ȺͻȻ˥
Rabbits were dying off in that county.
Ǹˣֱ
die out
To cease living completely; become extinct:
ȫ
tribes and tribal customs that died out centuries ago.
ͲĻڼǰ
?
die hard
To take a long time in passing out of existence:
ѶҪܳʱֹͣڣ
racial prejudices that die hard.
ӻʧ
To resist against overwhelming, hopeless odds:
̵ףϣġԺС
radicalism that dies hard.
̵ļ
?
Middle English dien 
йӢ dien 
probably from Old Norse deyja * see  dheu- 2
Դ ˹ά deyja *μ dheu- 2
?
die
die 2
AHD:[do] 
D.J.[da!]
K.K.[da!]
n.ʣ
 dies  dice [dos]  
pl. dies A device used for cutting out, forming, or stamping material, especially:
 dies ģߣһиģͻѹϵװãָ
An engraved metal piece used for impressing a design onto a softer metal, as in coining money.
ģӣһԿ̵ĽɽƺõͼѹӡĽϣѹƻ
One of several component pieces that are fitted into a diestock to cut threads on screws or bolts.
íͷģһ˨ϵİֵĲ
A part on a machine that punches shaped holes in, cuts, or forms sheet metal, cardboard, or other stock.
ģģһֻһ֣ûԶԽ塢ֲָֽϽ
A metal block containing small conical holes through which plastic, metal, or other ductile material is extruded or drawn.
ӡģһֽһԲ׶ףɼѹϡӲ
pl. dies Architecture The dado of a pedestal, especially when cube-shaped.
 dies ѧ ζջ֧Ļ֧
pl. dice Games 
 dice Ϸ 
A small cube marked on each side with from one to six dots, usually used in pairs in gambling and in various other games.
ӣһС壬ÿָΪһ㣬ͨΪһԣڶĲϷ
dice (used with a sing. verb)A game of chance using dice.
 dice 뵥ãӣһʹӵĸϷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
died,die.ing,dies 
To cut, form, or stamp with or as if with a die.
ѹģģͻѹѹģ
?
load the dice
To make an outcome highly probable; predetermine a result:
ԴľԤ
These factors merely load the dice, upping the odds that a household will fall into a certain . . . income distribution(Thomas G. Exter)
ЩֻֽţΪӼͥ(˹G.˹)
To put another at a distinct disadvantage, as through prior maneuver:
ȾɰܣԷԵƣֽţ
The dice were loaded against the defendant before the trial.
ǰֽʹԱ治
no dice
Of no use; futile.
õģûмֵ
Used as a refusal to a request.
УܾҪ
the die is cast
The decision has been made and is irrevocable.
ľѳۣ޷
?
Middle English de [gaming die] 
йӢ de [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin datum [from neuter past participle of] dare [to give] * see  d?- 
Դ  datum  [] ԴdareԹȥִ [] *μ d?- 

= =
diet
diet 1
AHD:[do1t] 
D.J.[6da!!t]
K.K.[6da!!t]
n.ʣ
The usual food and drink of a person or animal.
ʳ˻ճʳ
A regulated selection of foods, especially as prescribed for medical reasons.
ʳָ裨ˣ涨ʳ
Something used, enjoyed, or provided regularly:
ʳƷйʹáܻṩĶ
subsisted on a diet of detective novels during his vacation.
ʱһֱڿ̽С˵
v.ʣ
di.et.ed,di.et.ing,di.ets 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To eat and drink according to a regulated system, especially so as to lose weight or control a medical condition.
涨ʳԹ涨ʳָʻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To regulate or prescribe food and drink for.
Ϊƻ涨ʳ
?
Middle English diete 
йӢ diete 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin diaeta [way of living, diet] 
Դ  diaeta [ʽʳ] 
from Greek diaita 
Դ ϣ diaita 
?
dieter
n.ʣ
?
diet
diet 2
AHD:[do1t] 
D.J.[6da!!t]
K.K.[6da!!t]
n.ʣ
A national or local legislative assembly in certain countries, such as Japan.
᣺ĳЩҵĹһ򵱵صأձ
A formal general assembly of the princes or estates of the Holy Roman Empire.
ʥ۹᣺ʥ۹ýײʽһ
?
Middle English diete [day's journey, day for meeting, assembly] 
йӢ diete [գգ] 
from Medieval Latin di?a 
Դ  di?a 
alteration  influenced by Latin di?s [day] * see  deiw- 
    di? [] *μ deiw- 
of Latin diaeta [daily routine] * see  diet 1
  diaetaı仯 [ÿչ] *μ diet1

= =
differ
dif.fer
AHD:[d1fr] 
D.J.[6d!f*]
K.K.[6d!f+]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
dif.fered,dif.fer.ing,dif.fers 
To be dissimilar or unlike in nature, quality, amount, or form:
ͬ죺ڱʡʡʽͬ
Ambition differs from greed.
̰ĽȻͬ
To be of a different opinion; disagree:
ͬ⣬󣺹в죻ͬ
The critic differed with the author on several facts.
ۼ߼
Obsolete To quarrel; dispute.
 
?
Middle English differren 
йӢ differren 
from Old French differer 
Դ ŷ differer 
from Latin differre [to differ, delay] 
Դ  differre [𣬵] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
differ,disagree,vary
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to be unlike or dissimilar: 
Щ˼Сͬһ˼ 
Birds differ from mammals.
벸鶯ﲻͬ
The testimony of the two witnesses disagreed on significant points.
Ŀߵ֤ڼҪһ£
People vary in intelligence. agree 
˵˶ agree

= =
difference
dif.fer.ence
AHD:[d1fr-ns, d1frns] 
D.J.[6d!f*r*ns, 6d!fr*ns]
K.K.[6d!f*r*ns, 6d!fr*ns]
n.Abbr. dif.,diff.ʣд dif.,diff.
The quality or condition of being unlike or dissimilar.
ͬ죺ʻϵĲͬһ
An instance of disparity or unlikeness.
ʵȻͬʵ
A degree or amount by which things differ.
ĳ̶ȣͬĳ̶Ȼ
A specific point or element that distinguishes one thing from another.
ͬ㣺ָһֿ򲿷
A noticeable change or effect:
Чı䣺ֵעı仯Ч
Exercise has made a difference in her health.
ʹĽĸı
A disagreement or controversy.
磺һ»
A cause of a disagreement or controversy.
ԭ򣺲һ»ԭ
Discrimination in taste or choice; distinction.
𣬷ֱƷζѡϵ𣻲
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The amount by which one quantity is greater or less than another.
һ϶ڻһֵ
The amount that remains after one quantity is subtracted from another.
һȥһʣµĲֵ
Archaic A distinct mark or peculiarity.
 رɫصıǻĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dif.fer.enced,dif.fer.enc.ing,dif.fer.enc.es 
To distinguish or differentiate.

?
difference,dissimilarity,unlikeness,divergence,variation,distinction,discrepancy
These nouns refer to a lack of correspondence or agreement.
Щʶָȱһ¡
 Difference  is the most general: 
 Difference   
differences in color and size;
ɫͳߴĲ
a difference of opinion.
۵Ĳ졣
Dissimilarity   is difference between things otherwise alike or capable of close comparison: 
Dissimilarity  ָƻǳƵĲ죺 
a striking dissimilarity between the personalities of the sisters.
üԵ졣
Unlikeness   usually implies greater and more obvious difference: 
Unlikeness  ŽϴͽԵĲ 
more likeness than unlikeness among children of that age.
ǸĺǼԶڲ졣
Divergence   suggests an often gradually increasing difference between things originally similar: 
Divergence  ָԭƵӵĲ 
points of divergence between British and American English.
ӢĲͬ㡣
Variation  is difference between things of the same class or species;often it refers to modification of something original, prescribed, or typical: 
Vairation  ָͬȼĲ죬ָͨԭʼġָĻ͵ı 
variations in temperature;
¶ȵı仯
a variation in shape.
״ı仯
Distinction  often means a difference in detail between like or related things, determinable only by close inspection: 
Distiaction  ͨ˼ΪƵĻصϸڲ죬ֻͨϸļȷģ 
the distinction in meaning between good and excellent. A 
õġ͡ɫʵĴ 
 discrepancy  is a difference between things that should correspond or match, as a conflict in two accounts of an incident: 
 Discrenpancy  ָӦһ»ƥһ£Ĳ죺 
a discrepancy between what was promised and what was done. 
˵ĺ֮Ĳ 

= =
different
dif.fer.ent
AHD:[d1fr-nt, d1frnt] 
D.J.[6d!f*r*nt, 6d!fr*nt]
K.K.[6d!f*r*nt, 6d!fr*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Unlike in form, quality, amount, or nature; dissimilar:
ͬģһģʽԡϲģͬģ
took different approaches to the problem.
ȡͬķ
Distinct or separate:
ģģ
That's a different issue altogether.
ȫȻص۵
Various or assorted:
ָģģ
interviewed different members of the community.
ииҵ˻вͬĳԱ
Differing from all others; unusual:
һģѰģĲͬһģ
a different point of view.
ѰĹ۵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin differ?s  different- [present participle of] differre [to differ] * see  differ 
Դ  differ?s  different-  [] differreڷִ [] *μ differ
?
differently
adv.ʣ
differentness
n.ʣ
?
Different from and different than are both common in British and American English. Critics since the 18th century have singled outdifferent than  as incorrect, though it is well attested in 
the works of reputable writers. Where the comparison is drawn directly between two persons or things,from is usually the safer choice:  
Different from  different than Ӣж Ȼ߾ҵƷУ18ۼָdifferent than Ϊȷѡ ֱӶ˻
бȽʱfrom յѡ   
My book is different from (not than ) yours.  
ҵ鲻ͬڣ than  ġ  
Butdifferent than  is more acceptably used, particularly in American usage, where the object of comparison is expressed by a full clause:  
different than ıȽ϶һľӱʾر÷У÷ܽܣ  
The campus is different than it was 20 years ago (or  
У԰Ͷʮǰһˣ  
The campus is different from how it was 20 years ago). 
У԰ͶʮǰӲһˣ 
As a result, a simple noun phrase followingdifferent than  is often construed as elliptical for a clause, which allows for a subtle distinction in meaning between the two constructions. 
ôdifferent than ļʿԽΪӵʡԡ ֽṹ˼Щϸ΢Ĳ 
How different this seems from Paris suggests that the object of comparison is the city of Paris itself, 
迴кβͬأȽϵĶǰб 
whereas 
 
How different this seems than Paris suggests that the object of comparison is something like the way things were in Paris or what happened in Paris.  
кβͬȽϵĶǡڰķʽڰ跢顱 
The constructiondifferent to  is chiefly British. 
ṹdifferent to ҪӢ 

= =
differentiate
dif.fer.en.ti.ate
AHD:[d1f-rnsh?-3t] 
D.J.[7d!f*6ren.i87e!t]
K.K.[7d!f*6rWn.i7et]
v.ʣ
dif.fer.en.ti.at.ed,dif.fer.en.ti.at.ing,dif.fer.en.ti.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To constitute the distinction between:
ֲ֣
subspecies that are differentiated by the markings on their wings.
ͨǳϵı
To perceive or show the difference in or between; discriminate.
ʶ𣺿ָĲʶ
To make different by alteration or modification.
ʹ죺ͨ޸ĴӶ
Mathematics To calculate the derivative or differential of (a function).
ѧ 󡭵΢֣㵼򣨺ģ΢
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become distinct or specialized; acquire a different character.
죺öء⣻Ҫͬ
To make distinctions; discriminate.
ֳ
Biology To undergo a progressive, developmental change to a more specialized form or function. Used especially of embryonic cells or tissues.
ѧ ֻϷеķչ仯Ӷṹܸ⡣ָ̥ϸ֯ķ
?
differentiation
n.ʣ

= =
difficult
dif.fi.cult
AHD:[d1f1-k?lt, -klt] 
D.J.[6d!f!7kJlt, -k*lt]
K.K.[6d!f!7kJlt, -k*lt]
adj.ݴʣ
Hard to do or accomplish; demanding considerable effort or skill; arduous:
ѵģɶѵģҪ൱Ŭɣѵģ
To entertain is far more difficult than to enlighten(Anthony Burgess)See Synonyms at hard 
֪ѵöࡱ(ᡤ˹)μ hard
Hard to endure; trying:
ѵģܵģѵģ
fell upon difficult times.
ʱ
Hard to comprehend or solve:
ģ
a difficult puzzle.
ѽ
Hard to please, satisfy, or manage:
ģ⡢ģ
a difficult child.
ѹ̵ܽС
Hard to persuade or convince; stubborn.
Ūģ˵Ļŷִ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
back-formation from difficulte [difficulty] * see  difficulty 
Դ difficulte湹 [] *μ difficulty
?
difficultly
adv.ʣ

= =
difficulty
dif.fi.cul.ty
AHD:[d1f1-k?lt?, -kl-] 
D.J.[6d!f!7kJlti8, -k*l-]
K.K.[6d!f!7kJlti, -k*l-]
n.ʣ
 dif.fi.cul.ties 
The condition or quality of being difficult:
ѣѵĻ
the difficulty of a task.
޵
Something not easily done, accomplished, comprehended, or solved.
£ɡ
Often difficulties A troublesome or embarrassing state of affairs, especially of financial affairs.
  difficulties 鷳Ļȵرָ
A laborious effort; a struggle; trouble:
ѣĳԣ鷳£գ
had difficulty walking; completed the test with difficulty.
жѣܼѵͨ
A disagreement or dispute.
飺ͻִ
Reluctance or an objection; unwillingness.
ԣԸ򷴶ԣԸ
?
Middle English difficulte 
йӢ difficulte 
from Old French dificulte 
Դ ŷ dificulte 
from Latin difficult3s 
Դ  difficult3s 
from difficilis [difficult] 
Դ difficilis [] 
dis- [dis-] 
dis- [ǰ׺෴˼] 
facilis [easy] * see  dh?- 
facilis [] *μ dh?- 
?
difficulty,hardship,rigor,vicissitude
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something that requires great effort to overcome: 
Щʵ˼ΪܶŬȥ˷顱 
grappling with financial difficulties;
ѣ
a life of hardship;

undergoing the rigors of prison;
Ͽļ
withstood the vicissitudes of an army career. 
ϸľ 

= =
diffuse
dif.fuse
AHD:[d1-fy?z] 
D.J.[d!6fju8z]
K.K.[d!6fjuz]
v.ʣ
dif.fused,dif.fus.ing,dif.fus.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pour out and cause to spread freely.
ɢɢ
To spread about or scatter; disseminate.
ɢչɢ䣻ɢ
To make less brilliant; soften.
ʹٹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become widely dispersed; spread out.
ɢ㲼ʹΪɢ㲼
Physics To undergo diffusion.
ѧ ɢɢĹ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[d1-fy?s] 
Widely spread or scattered; not concentrated.
ɢģ㷺չɢģе
Characterized by verbosity; wordy.See Synonyms at wordy 
µģ߶Ĳμ wordy
?
From Middle English [dispersed] 
Դ йӢ [ɢ] 
from Anglo-Norman diffus 
Դ Ӣ diffus 
from Latin diff?s [past participle of] diffundere [to spread] 
Դ  diff?s  [] diffundereĹȥִ [ɢ] 
dis- [out, apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ܷ] *μ dis-
fundere [to pour] * see  gheu- 
fundere [ó] *μ gheu- 
?
diffusely
AHD:[-fy?sl?] ʣ
diffuseness
AHD:[-fy?sn1s] ʣ

= =
dig
dig
AHD:[d1g] 
D.J.[d!g]
K.K.[d!g]
v.ʣ
dug[d?g] dig.ging,digs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break up, turn over, or remove (earth or sand, for example), as with a shovel, a spade, or the hands.
ڣǡڡߣɳӣ
To make or form by removing earth or other material:
ڿ򶴣ϣ
dug my way out of the snow.
ѩڳһ·
To obtain or unearth by digging:
ɾھͨھõ
dig coal; a dog digging bones.
úڹͷĹ
To learn or discover by careful research or investigation:
̽ͨϸо͵õ֣
dug up the evidence; dug out the real facts.
ҵ֤ݣ
To force down and into something; thrust:
룺
dug his foot in the ground.
Ľڵ
To poke or prod:
̡
dug me in the ribs.
ָͷҵ߹
Slang 
ٵ 
To understand fully:
ȫ⣺
Do you dig what I mean?
ҵ˼?
To like, enjoy, or appreciate:
ϲͣϲͻ
They really dig our music and, daddy, I dig swinging for them(Louis Armstrong)
ϲǵ֣ңְ֣ϲΪǱݡ(·˹ķ˹)
To take notice of:
ע⣺
Dig that wild outfit.
עһȺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To loosen, turn over, or remove earth or other material.
ھɡڡĲ
To make one's way by or as if by pushing aside or removing material:
·ɨ·ǰƵ߻ϣ
dug through the files.
һļͷ
Slang To have understanding:
ٵ ⣺
Do you dig?
?
n.ʣ
A poke or thrust:
һȭһƣ
a sharp dig in the ribs.
߹Ϻݺݵһ
A sarcastic, taunting remark; a gibe.
̡䣻Ц
An archaeological excavation.
ھ
digs Chiefly British Lodgings.
 digs Ӣ ѧԢ
?
dig in
To dig trenches for protection.
ڹ
To hold on stubbornly, as to a position; entrench oneself.
ִؼȹԼĵλ
To begin to work intensively.
ʼϸµĹ
To begin to eat heartily.
ʼʹس
?
Middle English diggen 
йӢ diggen 
; akin to  perhaps akin to Old French digue [dike, trench] * see  dhog w- 
   ŷ digue [̣ս] *μ dhog w- 
V., tr., sense 7 and intr., sense 3, perhaps influenced by Wolof degg [to hear, find out, understand] 
ﶯ7ͼﶯ3  deggӰ [֣] 
or Irish Gaelic tuigim [I understand] * see  twig 2
 Ƕ tuigim [] *μ twig2

= =
digest
di.gest
AHD:[do-jst, d1-] 
D.J.[da!6d9est, d!-]
K.K.[da!6d9Wst, d!-]
v.ʣ
di.gest.ed,di.gest.ing,di.gests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Physiology To convert (food) into simpler chemical compounds that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body, as by chemical and muscular action in the alimentary canal.
ѧ ͨѧĺͼãʳתܱպͬļ򵥻ѧ
To absorb or assimilate mentally.
᣺ջͬ
To organize into a systematic arrangement, usually by summarizing or classifying.
ͨܽ࣬γϵͳ
To condense or abridge (a written work).
ժҪɣƷģѹ
To endure or bear patiently.
ܣĵĳܻ
Chemistry To soften or disintegrate by means of chemical action, heat, or moisture.
ѧ ⣺ͨѧӦȻʪķʹֽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Physiology 
ѧ 
To become assimilated into the body.
ױ
To assimilate food substances.
ʳ
Chemistry To undergo exposure to heat, liquids, or chemical agents.
ѧ ȣҺѧҩ
n.ʣ
AHD:[dojst] 
Abbr. dig.A collection of previously published material, such as articles, essays, or reports, usually in edited or condensed form.
д dig.ժҪѷĲϣ¡ɢĻ򱨸༭ѹ㼯
Law A systematic arrangement of statutes or court decisions.
ɡ 㼯ϵͳ
A periodical containing literary abridgments or other condensed works.
ժռѧƷڱѹƷڿ
Digest See  pandect 
 Digest μ  pandect 
?
Middle English digesten 
йӢ digesten 
from Latin doe  dogest- [to separate, arrange] 
Դ  doe  dogest- [룬] 
do- [apart] * see  dis- 
do- [] *μ dis-
gerere [to carry] 
gerere [ִ] 
N., from Latin doa [neuter pl. of] dogestus [past participle of] dogerere [to separate] 
ʣԴ  doa  [] dogestusԸ  [] dogerereĹȥִ [] 

= =
digital
dig.i.tal
AHD:[d1j1-tl] 
D.J.[6d!d9!tl]
K.K.[6d!d9!t1]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or resembling a digit, especially a finger.
ָģָġָйصĻָ
Operated or done with the fingers:
ָģ
a digital switch.
ֿ
Having digits.
ָֺ
Expressed in digits, especially for use by a computer.
ֵģֱʾڼ
Using or giving a reading in digits:
ģʹûΪʽ
a digital clock.
ʽ
n.ʣ
A key played with the finger, as on a piano.
ټڸָĲ
?
digitally
adv.ʣ

= =
dignity
dig.ni.ty
AHD:[d1gn1-t?] 
D.J.[6d!gn!ti8]
K.K.[6d!gn!ti]
n.ʣ
 dig.ni.ties 
The quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect.
ֵػ𾴵Ʒ»λ
Inherent nobility and worth:
߹Ŵĸ߹ݺͼֵ
the dignity of honest labor.
ʵͶĸ߹
Poise and self-respect.
ź
Stateliness and formality in manner and appearance.
ׯϣʽϺׯϺʽ
The respect and honor associated with an important position.
λҪְλйص𾴺
A high office or rank.
ְλλ
dignities The ceremonial symbols and observances attached to high office.
 dignities ְλ˵ְλʽ͵
Archaic A dignitary.
 ְλߵ
?
Middle English dignite 
йӢ dignite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin dignit3s 
Դ  dignit3s 
from dignus [worthy] * see  dek- 
Դ dignus [ֵ] *μ dek- 

= =
dilemma
di.lem.ma
AHD:[d1-lm] 
D.J.[d!6lem*]
K.K.[d!6lWm*]
n.ʣ
A situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive.
ѣҪȻ໥ųѡ֮ѡĴ
Usage Problem A problem that seems to defy a satisfactory solution.
÷ѡ ⣺濴ƺȡ
Logic An argument that presents an antagonist with a choice of two or more alternatives, each of which contradicts the original contention and is conclusive.
߼ѧ ۷ϿɹѡĶṩһѡ񣬵ѡһͬǷһѡľ֤
?
Late Latin 
 
from Greek dil?a [ambiguous proposition] 
Դ ϣ dil?a [ģɵ] 
di- [two] * see  di- 1
di- [] *μ di-1
l?a [proposition] * see  lemma 1
l?a [] *μ lemma1
?
dilemmatic
AHD:[d1l-m2t1k] ݴʣ
?
In its primary sensedilemma  denotes a situation in which a choice must be made between alternative courses of action or argument. Although citational evidence attests to widespread 
use of the term meaning simply problem or predicament and involving no issue of choice,74 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the sentence 
dilemma Ҫ˼Ǳʾڽάȵľء õ۾֤Ϊ⡱Ĵﵽձò漰ûѡ⣬74÷רʹС
Ա˾ 
Juvenile drug abuse is the great dilemma of the 1980's.  
ªϰ80Ĵ⡣ 
It is sometimes claimed that because thedi-  in dilemma  comes from a Greek prefix meaning two, the word should be used only when exactly two choices are involved.But 64 
percent of the Usage Panel accepts its use for choices among three or more options in the example 
˵ʱΪdilemma е di- һΪϣǰ׺ ֻеڰǡǡѡʱӦʹʡ64÷СԱ
ѡеʹã 
Ph.D. students who haven't completed their dissertations by the time their fellowships expire face a difficult dilemma:
ѧʿоְλֹʱûľҪһֽѵľأ
whether to take out loans to support themselves, to try to work part-time at both a job and their research,or to give up on the degree entirely. 
ǿ۳֧ѧҵĴ°빤ǳ׷ѧλ 

= =
diligent
dil.i.gent
AHD:[d1l-jnt] 
D.J.[6d!l*d9*nt]
K.K.[6d!l*d9*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by persevering, painstaking effort.See Synonyms at busy 
ڷܵģвӵġ¿๦Ĳμ busy
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin do?ns}  doligent- [present participle of] doligere [to esteem, love] 
Դ  do?ns}  doligent-  [] doligereڷִ [أȰ] 
do- [apart] * see  dis- 
do- [ֿ] *μ dis-
legere [to choose] * see  leg- 
legere [ѡ] *μ leg- 
?
diligently
adv.ʣ

= =
dilute
di.lute
AHD:[do-l?t, d1-] 
D.J.[da!6lu8t, d!-]
K.K.[da!6lut, d!-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
di.lut.ed,di.lut.ing,di.lutes 
To make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water.
ϡͣҺ壨ˮʹϡͳ嵭
To lessen the force, strength, purity, or brilliance of, especially by admixture.
嵭СǿȡŨȡȻ䵭ָ
adj.Abbr. dil.ݴʣд dil.
Weakened; diluted.
ģ嵭
?
Latin doe  dol?t- 
 doe  dol?t- 
do- [apart, away] * see  dis- 
do- [룬뿪] *μ dis-
-luere [to wash]  from lavere * see  leu()- 
-luere [ϴ]  Դ lavere *μ leu()- 
?
diluter  
dilutor
n.ʣ
dilutive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
dim
dim
AHD:[d1m] 
D.J.[d!m]
K.K.[d!m]
adj.ݴʣ
dim.mer,dim.mest 
Lacking in brightness:
ģ
a dim room.
΢ķ
Emitting only a small amount of light; faint:
ģߵģ͵ģ
a dim lightbulb.
ĵ
Lacking luster; dull and subdued.
޹ģȱģ͵
Faintly outlined; indistinct:
ģģûģģģ
a dim figure in the distance.
Զģľ
Obscure to the mind or the senses:
ʵģоģģ
a dim recollection of the accident.
¹ģĻ
Lacking sharpness or clarity of understanding or perception.See Synonyms at dark 
ٶ۵ģٶ۵ĻĲμ dark
Lacking keenness or vigor.
ȱ
Negative, unfavorable, or disapproving:
ɵģԷԡɻѵ̬Ϊģ
took a dim view of their prospects.
ǵǰֱ۹۵
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
dimmed,dim.ming,dims 
To make or become dim.
ʹ֮
n.ʣ
A parking light on a motor vehicle.
ϵͣ
Low beam.
ͷĶ̽
Archaic Dusk.
 ƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
dimly
adv.ʣ
dimness
n.ʣ

= =
dimension
di.men.sion
AHD:[d1-mnshn, do-] 
D.J.[d!6men.*n, da!-]
K.K.[d!6mWn.*n, da!-]
n.Abbr. dim.ʣд dim.
A measure of spatial extent, especially width, height, or length.
ߴ磺ڿռ䷶Χһ䣬رǿȡ߶Ȼ򳤶
Often dimensions Extent or magnitude; scope:
  dimensions ΧСģ
a problem of alarming dimensions.
Χ
Aspect; element:
棺棻أ
He's a good newsman, and he has that extra dimension(William S. Paley)
һŹߣ߱(S.)
Mathematics 
ѧ 
One of the least number of independent coordinates required to specify uniquely a point in space or in space and time.
ԪҪȷڿռռʱΨһһС֮һ
The range of such a coordinate.
ԪΧһ귶Χ
Physics A physical property, such as mass, length, time, or a combination thereof, regarded as a fundamental measure or as one of a set of fundamental measures of a physical 
quantity:
ѧ ٣һʣȡʱһϣΪһֻĲһһĲ֮һ
Velocity has the dimensions of length divided by time.
ٶΪȳʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
di.men.sioned,di.men.sion.ing,di.men.sions 
To cut or shape to specified dimensions.
ʹγߴ磺иĳߴ
To mark with specified dimensions.
ߴ
?
Middle English dimensioun 
йӢ dimensioun 
from Latin do?nsi?}  dom?nsi?n- [extent] 
Դ  do?nsi?}  dom?nsi?n- [Χ] 
from do?nsus} [past participle of] dom?toro [to measure out] 
Դ do?nsus}  [] dom?toroĹȥִ [] 
dis- [dis-] 
dis- [ǰ׺١] 
m?oro} [to measure] * see  m?- 2
m?oro} [] *μ m?- 2
?
dimensional
adj.ݴʣ
dimensionality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
dimensionally
adv.ʣ
dimensionless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
diminish
di.min.ish
AHD:[d1-m1n1sh] 
D.J.[d!6m!n!.]
K.K.[d!6m!n!.]
v.ʣ
di.min.ished,di.min.ish.ing,di.min.ish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make smaller or less or to cause to appear so.
٣ʹٻʹƱ
To detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of.
ȨơʹȨơλ
To cause to taper.
ʹ׶
Music To reduce (a perfect or minor interval) by a semitone.
֡ ѣ̣ѣ̻С̣С
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become smaller or less.See Synonyms at decrease 
Сٲμ decrease
To taper.
𽥱ϸ
?
Middle English diminishen 
йӢ diminishen 
blend of diminuen [to lessen]  from Old French diminuer  from Latin doe  variant of d?e  d?- [de-]  minuere [to lessen] 
 diminuen [С]  Դ ŷ diminuer  Դ  doe   d?  d?- [ǰ׺١]  minuere [] 
minishen [to reduce]  from Old French minuiser  from Vulgar Latin *min?3re}  from Latin min?a [smallness]  from min?s [small] [from past participle of] minuere [to lessen] * see  mei- 2
minishen []  Դ ŷ minuiser  Դ  *min?3re}  Դ  min?a [С]  Դ min?s [С]  [] ԴminuereĹȥִ [] *μ mei- 2
?
diminishable
adj.ݴʣ
diminishment
n.ʣ

= =
dine
dine
AHD:[don] 
D.J.[da!n]
K.K.[da!n]
v.ʣ
dined,din.ing,dines 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have dinner.
Ͳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give dinner to; entertain at dinner:
һͣ׼һϯ᣺
wined and dined the visiting senators.
õĲԱ
?
Middle English dinen 
йӢ dinen 
from Old French diner, disner 
Դ ŷ diner, disner 
from Vulgar Latin *disi?3re} 
Դ  *disi?3re} 
from *disi??n3re} 
Դ *disi??n3re} 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ǰ׺١] 
Latin i??nium} [fast] 
 i??nium} [] 
?
Dine
Dine
AHD:[don] Jim (Born 1935) 
D.J.[da!n]
K.K.[da!n]
NONE޴ԣ
American artist noted for his autobiographical paintings and sculptures of objects such as tools and bathrobes.
ᣬķ( 1935) Դ滭̣繤ߺԡ£

= =
dinner
din.ner
AHD:[d1nr] 
D.J.[6d!n*]
K.K.[6d!n+]
n.ʣ
The chief meal of the day, eaten in the evening or at midday.
ͣԻϳԵһ
A banquet or formal meal in honor of a person or an event.
᣺Ϊĳ˻ĳ¶еһʽ
The food prepared for either of these meals.
ʳƷʳƷΪͻ׼ʳƷ
A full-course meal served at a fixed price; table d'h?te.
ݷͷ̶۸Ӧʽķݷͷ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
dinner dishes; dinner music; dinner attire.
ӣ֣ͷװ
?
Middle English diner [morning meal] 
йӢ diner [] 
from Old French disner, diner [to dine, morning meal] * see  dine 
Դ ŷ disner, diner [òͣ] *μ dine
?
Eating foods such as pizza and ice cream for breakfastmay be justified by the fact that in Middle Englishdinner  meant breakfast, as did the Old French worddisner, or diner,  which 
was the source of our word. The Old French word came from the Vulgar Latin word.disi?3re,}  meaning to break one's fast;that is, to eat one's first meal, a notion also contained in 
our wordbreakfast.  The Vulgar Latin word was derived from an earlier word,.disi??n3re,}  the Latin elements of which aredis-,  denoting reversal, and i??nium,}  fast. Middle 
Englishdiner  not only meant breakfast but, echoing usage of the Old French worddiner,  more commonly meant the first big meal of the day, usually eaten between 9a.m.  and 
noon. Customs change, however,and over the yearswe have let the chief meal become the last meal of the day,by which timewe have broken our fast more than once.
ͳЩܵʳȿԱйӢdinner ʾ͵ʵ֤ʵ ҲɱôʵĴԴŷdisner  diner ֤ʵ ÷ﵥʳͨﵥ
disiunare  ˼ǡƽʳԵĵһͷͬʱҲbreakfast ĸ ֳͨڸdisieiunare  Ĺɲdis- ʾ ieiunium ʳ
 йӢdiner ָ緹 ģ˹ŷdiner ÷ һָһеĵһδͣ 9㵽֮ԡ Ȼϰ߸ıˣǳһ
еһٷͣʱѲֹһεش˽ʳ

= =
dip
dip
AHD:[d1p] 
D.J.[d!p]
K.K.[d!p]
v.ʣ
dipped,dip.ping,dips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plunge briefly into a liquid, as in order to wet, coat, or saturate.
ݵزҺ壬ŪʪͿ͸
To color or dye by immersing:
ȾͨɫȾɫ
dip Easter eggs.
ڲʵɫ
To immerse (a sheep or other animal) in a disinfectant solution.
ѡɱҺнϴѣˮҺ
To form (a candle) by repeatedly immersing a wick in melted wax or tallow.
죨򣩣ﷴܻͻн
To galvanize or plate (metal) by immersion.
ƣͨݶͿ
To scoop up by plunging the hand or a receptacle below the surface, as of a liquid; ladle:
ҨֻͨڵڱҨҺ壻Ҩ
dip water out of a bucket.
õͰˮ
To lower and raise (a flag) in salute.
¾е
To lower or drop (something) suddenly:
ͻȻŵͻĳ
dipped my head to avoid the branch.
ҵͷƹ֦
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To plunge into water or other liquid and come out quickly.
һˮҺ壬Ȼȡ
To plunge the hand or a receptacle into liquid or a container, especially so as to take something up or out:
ȡȡֻҺ壬Աȡĳ
I dipped into my pocket for some coins.
ҴӿڴͳöӲ
To make inroads into funds:
ռʽ
We dipped into our savings.
Ųô
To drop down or sink out of sight suddenly:
½ȻҰʧ
The sun dipped below the horizon.
̫ɽ
To drop suddenly before climbing. Used of an aircraft.
轵ǰļڷɻ
To slope downward; decline:
ббб
The road dipped.
·б
To decline slightly and usually temporarily:
΢½ͨʱģ
Sales dipped after Christmas.
ʥں½
Geology To lie at an angle to the horizontal plane, as a rock stratum or vein.
ѧ ³ӵƽ½ʯ
To read here and there at random; browse:
ⷭģ
dipping into Chaucer.
㷭ŵƷ
To investigate a subject superficially; dabble:
ԣǳεоĳѧƣǳ
dipped into psychology.
ѧ
n.ʣ
A brief plunge or immersion, especially a quick swim.
̴ٽ룬رǿİڶ
A liquid into which something is dipped, as for dyeing or disinfecting.
ӡȾˮˮӡȾһЩҺ
A savory creamy mixture into which crackers, raw vegetables, or other foods may be dipped.
֭һҺ̬ζ֭ɡ߲˻ʳպ֮
An amount taken up by dipping.
ݵ
A container for dipping.
ڽݵ
A candle made by repeated dipping in tallow or wax.
򣺷ĳнݶɵ
A downward slope; a decline.
бµб£б
A sharp downward course; a drop:
бḶ́
a dip in prices.
۸񼱽
Geology The downward inclination of a rock stratum or vein in reference to the plane of the horizon.
ѧ ³ʯˮƽб
Magnetic dip.
Ž
A hollow or depression.

Sports A gymnastic exercise on the parallel bars in which the body is lowered by bending the elbows until the chin reaches the level of the bars and then is raised by straightening the 
arms.
˶ ϣ˫ܵһһϰոܣۣ¶ƽȻֱ
Slang A pickpocket.
ٵ 
Slang A foolish or stupid person.
ٵ ɵϺͱ
?
Middle English dippen 
йӢ dippen 
from Old English dyppan * see  dheub- 
Դ Ӣ dyppan *μ dheub- 
?
dip,douse,duck,dunk,immerse,souse,submerge
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to plunge briefly into a liquid: 
Щʵ˼ǡݲҺ塱 
dipped a doughnut into his coffee;
ըȦ뿧ȣ
doused her head in the shower;
ͷԡ£
playmates ducking each other in the pool;
ΰڳˮ
dunked the dirty shirt into soapsuds;
·ڷˮ
immersed the tomatoes in boiling water;
ڷˮн
managed to avoid falling and being soused in the puddle;
跨ȥˮ
tents and trailers submerged by the deluge. 
ϳˮ 

= =
diploma
di.plo.ma
AHD:[d1-pl?m] 
D.J.[d!6pl*&m*]
K.K.[d!6plom*]
n.Abbr. dip.ʣд dip.
A document issued by an educational institution, such as a university, testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.
ҵƾɽѧ䷢֤飬֤ѻѧλѳɹĳѧҵ
A certificate conferring a privilege or honor.
ִգ״ĳȨ֤
An official document or charter.
ģʽļ
?
Latin dipl?a [letter of introduction] 
 dipl?a [] 
from Greek [document, folded paper] 
Դ ϣ [ļֽ] 
from diploos [double] * see  dwo- 
Դ diploos [˫] *μ dwo- 

= =
diplomatic
dip.lo.mat.ic
AHD:[d1pl-m2t1k] 
D.J.[7d!pl*6m#t!k]
K.K.[7d!pl*6m#t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. dipl.Of, relating to, or involving diplomacy or diplomats.
д dipl.⽻ģ⽻ġͬ⽻ػ漰⽻
Using or marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with others.See Synonyms at suave 
ģͬ˴򽻵ʱʹûԼܺΪĲμ suave
Of or relating to diplomatics.
⽻ģ⽻Ļͬ⽻ص
Being an exact copy of the original:
׼ȷظԭģ
a diplomatic edition.
汾
?
French diplomatique 
 diplomatique 
from New Latin dipl?s 
Դ ִ dipl?s 
from Latin dipl?a  dipl?mat- [letter of introduction] * see  diploma 
Դ  dipl?a  dipl?mat- [] *μ diploma
?
diplomatically
adv.ʣ

= =
direct
di.rect
AHD:[d1-rkt, do-] 
D.J.[d!6rekt, da!-]
K.K.[d!6rWkt, da!-]
v.ʣ
di.rect.ed,di.rect.ing,di.rects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To manage or conduct the affairs of; regulate.
淶Ϳơ񣻵
To have or take charge of; control.See Synonyms at conduct 
𣻿Ʋμ conduct
To give authoritative instructions to:
Ȩָʾ
directed the student to answer.See Synonyms at command 
ָѧشμ command
To cause to move toward a goal; aim.See Synonyms at aim 
׼Ŀƶ׼μ aim
To show or indicate the way for:
ָʾָʾ·
directed us to the airport.
ָ
To cause to move in or follow a straight course:
ָת
directed their fire at the target.
ǻ׼Ŀ
To indicate the intended recipient on (a letter, for example).
ָʾԤߣż
To address or adapt (remarks, for example) to a specific person, audience, or purpose.
ڣУעضˡڻĿ
To give guidance and instruction to (actors or musicians, for example) in the rehearsal and performance of a work.
ݣݳУԱֶӣָʾָ
To supervise the performance of.
ල
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give commands or directions.
ָʾ
To conduct a performance or rehearsal.
ݳ
adj.ݴʣ
Proceeding without interruption in a straight course or line; not deviating or swerving:
ֱģϵֱ߽Уƫбģ
a direct route.
ֱ·
Straightforward and candid; frank:
ֱӵģֱ˵ģֱʵģ
a direct response.
ֱӵĻش
Having no intervening persons, conditions, or agencies; immediate:
ֱ˵ģûмˡ˵ģ
direct contact; direct sunlight.
ֱӵĽӴֱ
Effected by action of the voters, rather than through elected representatives or delegates:
ֱͶƱģͶƱжӰ죬ͨѡٴţ
direct elections.
ֱѡ
Being of unbroken descent; lineal:
ֱϵģϮδƵģ洫ģ
a direct descendant of the monarch.
ֱϵ
Consisting of the exact words of the writer or speaker:
ֱӵģ߻򽲻׼ȷģ
a direct quotation.
ֱ
Lacking compromising or mitigating elements; absolute:
ǿģԵģûЭ򻺺صģԵģ
direct opposites.
ǿĶ
Mathematics Varying in the same manner as another quantity, especially increasing if another quantity increases or decreasing if it decreases.
ѧ εģͬһͬʽ仯ģرһӼӣټ
Astronomy Designating west-to-east motion of a planet in the same direction as the sun's movement against the stars.
ѧ ˳еģͬһ˶ģ̫෴
adv.ʣ
Straight; directly.
ֱأֱ
?
Middle English directen 
йӢ directen 
from Latin doe  dor?ct- [to give direction to] 
Դ  doe  dor?ct- [] 
do- [apart] * see  dis- 
do- [ֿ] *μ dis-
regere [to guide] * see  reg- 
regere [ָ] *μ reg- 

= =
direction
di.rec.tion
AHD:[d1-rkshn, do-] 
D.J.[d!6rek.*n, da!-]
K.K.[d!6rWk.*n, da!-]
n.ʣ
The act or function of directing.
ָָӣָĶ
Management, supervision, or guidance of an action or operation.
ලԶĹලָ
The art or action of musical or theatrical directing.
ָݣֻϷ絼ݵΪ
Music A word or phrase in a score indicating how a passage is to be played or sung.
֡ ϵָָ֣һݳĴʻ
Often directions An instruction or series of instructions for doing or finding something.
  directions ʹ˵飬ʹ÷ĳ»ĳָʾ˵
An authoritative indication; an order or a command.
ָʾȨָʾָ
The distance-independent relationship between two points in space that specifies the angular position of either with respect to the other; the relationship by which the alignment or 
orientation of any position with respect to any other position is established.
򣺿ռ޹ؾĹϵһһʾǶλãֹͨϵκλõ׼ߺͷɲκλöԽ
A position to which motion or another position is referred.
λ˶һλԲյλ
A line leading to a place or point.
·ߣĳػĳ
The line or course along which a person or thing moves.
ƶ·ߣ˻˶ص·߻·
The statement in degrees of the angle measured between due north and a given line or course on a compass.
Ƕȣϸ·߻·֮õĽǶȷΧ
A course or area of development; a tendency toward a particular end or goal:
չ򣺷չΧﵽĳһضĿĻĿƣ
charting a new direction for the company.
Ϊ˾ƶµķչ
?
Middle English [arrangement] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin do?cti?}  dor?cti?n- 
Դ  do?cti?}  dor?cti?n- 
from do?ctus} [past participle of] dorigere [to direct] * see  direct 
Դ do?ctus}  [] dorigereĹȥִ [ָʾ] *μ direct
?
directionless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
directly
di.rect.ly
AHD:[d1-rktl?, do-] 
D.J.[d!6rektli8, da!-]
K.K.[d!6rWktli, da!-]
adv.ʣ
In a direct line or manner; straight:
ֱӵأֱأֱ߻ֱӷʽأֱӵأ
The road runs directly north.
·ֱͨ򱱷
Without anyone or anything intervening:
ֱӵأûκ˻κأ
directly responsible.
ֱӸ
Exactly or totally:
õأȫأ
directly opposite.
Ȼ෴
At once; instantly:
ϣ
Leave directly.
뿪
Candidly; frankly:
ֱʵأ̹׵أ
answered very directly.
ǳ̹׵ػش
Chiefly Southern U.S. In a little while; shortly:
ϲ һ̣
He'll be coming directly.
һ
conj.Chiefly British ӴʣӢ 
As soon as.
һ͡

= =
director
di.rec.tor
AHD:[d1-rktr, do-] 
D.J.[d!6rekt*, da!-]
K.K.[d!6rWkt+, da!-]
n.Abbr. dir.ʣд dir.
One that supervises, controls, or manages.
ලߣߣලƻ
A member of a group of persons chosen to control or govern the affairs of an institution or a corporation.
Ժѡƻһ˾һеһԱ
A person who supervises the creative aspects of a dramatic production or film and instructs the actors and crew.
ݣָϷӰָԱȫְԱ
Music The conductor of an orchestra or a chorus.
֡ ָߣֶӻϳŵָ
An electronic device that continually calculates and displays information used for firing weapons at moving targets, such as missiles or aircraft.
һֵװãʾϢʹƶĿ꿪絼
?
directorship
n.ʣ

= =
directory
di.rec.to.ry
AHD:[d1-rkt-r?, do-] 
D.J.[d!6rekt*ri8, da!-]
K.K.[d!6rWkt*ri, da!-]
n.ʣ
 di.rec.to.ries 
A book containing an alphabetical or classified listing of names, addresses, and other data, such as telephone numbers, of specific persons, groups, or firms.
ͨѶ¼¼벾ںĸ˳зַϵ飬ضˡ˾ĵ绰
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A listing of the files contained in a storage device, such as a magnetic disk.
Ŀ¼ڴ洢װļбеļĿ¼
A description of the various characteristics of a file, such as the layout of the fields in it.
˵Բͬļļı
A book of rules or directions.
ָϣָ
A group or body of directors.
»᣺һȺһ鶭
adj.ݴʣ
Serving to direct.
ָԵģָ

= =
dirt
dirt
AHD:[d?rt] 
D.J.[dT8t]
K.K.[dPt]
n.ʣ
Earth or soil.

A filthy or soiling substance, such as mud or dust.
࣬ҳʣҳ
Excrement.
й
A squalid or filthy condition.
ࣺۻ״̬
One that is mean, contemptible, or vile.
ɵˣɡɱɻа
Obscene language or subject matter.
ۻУΪ
Malicious or scandalous gossip.
ԣ̰Ļ̰Եл
Information that embarrasses or accuses.
ԣʹѿָ˵Ϣ
Unethical behavior or practice; corruption.
䣺µΪ
Material, such as gravel or slag, from which metal is extracted in mining.
ɰʣɴȡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of drit [excrement, filth, mud] 
 dritı [й࣬] 
from Old Norse 
Դ ˹ά 

= =
dirty
dirt.y
AHD:[d?rt?] 
D.J.[6dT8ti8]
K.K.[6dPti]
adj.ݴʣ
dirt.i.er,dirt.i.est 
Soiled, as with dirt; unclean.
ģɾ
Spreading dirt; polluting:
ҳ鲼ģȾģ
The air near the foundry was always dirty.
쳧Ŀǻɵ
Apt to soil with dirt or grime:
ۻģױŪĻ۹ģ
a dirty job at the garage.

Squalid or filthy; run-down:
ģģۻģ
dirty slums.
ҵƶ
Obscene or indecent:
ģģ
dirty movies; a dirty joke.
ɫӰЦ
Malicious or scandalous:
ģ̰ģ
a dirty lie.
Ļ
Unethical or corrupt; sordid:
µģܵģģ
dirty politics.
ܵ
Not sportsmanlike:
˶Ҿģ
dirty players; a dirty fighter.
˶ҾԱµȭ
Acquired by illicit or improper means:
ģǷȡõģԷǷǡķʽõģ
dirty money.
֮
Slang Possessing or using illegal drugs.
ٵ ӵлʹ÷ǷҩƷ
Unpleasant or distasteful; thankless:
˲ģģֺõģ
Laying off workers is the dirty part of this job.
͹ĵط
Extremely unfortunate or regrettable:
ǳҵģʮźģ
a dirty shame.
涪
Expressing disapproval or hostility:
Եģеģ
gave us a dirty look.
ݺݵؿһ
Not bright and clear in color; somewhat dull or drab. Often used in combination:
ģģɫʲĺͲģ԰ģԵġںϳɴʣ
dirty-blonde hair; dirty-green walls.
Ľ𷢣ɫǽ
Producing a very great amount of long-lived radioactive fallout. Used of nuclear weapons.
΢ģĳڷ½ġں
Stormy; rough:
籩ģֱģ
dirty weather.
籩
v.ʣ
dirt.ied,dirt.y.ing,dirt.ies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make soiled.
Ū࣬Ⱦ
To stain or tarnish with dishonor.
ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become soiled.
࣬Ⱦ
?
dirtily
adv.ʣ
dirtiness
n.ʣ
?
dirty,filthy,foul,nasty,squalid,grimy
These adjectives apply to what is unclean, impure, or unkempt.
ЩݴʶָɾݵĶ
 Dirty,  the most general, describes what is covered or stained with dirt: 
 Dirty  ã۹۵Ķ 
dirty clothes;
·
dirty feet;
ţ
dirty sidewalks. Something that is 
е 
 filthy  is disgustingly dirty: 
 filthy  ָŻĶ 
filthy rags;
Ʋ
a room as filthy as a pigsty.
Ȧӡ
Foul  suggests gross offensiveness, particularly to the sense of smell: 
Foul  ʾΪᣬָζ 
a foul exudation;
ŵ
a foul pond.
ĳ
Nasty  can refer to what is unpleasant because of the presence of dirt ( 
Nasty  ָ۹Ĵڶ˲( 
Scrubbing bathrooms is a nasty job) but is often applied to what is merely annoying or unpleasant ( 
ϴԡһĹ) ֻᷳе( 
nasty ideas;
뷨
a nasty trick). 
ɵĹ) 
 Squalid  suggests dirtiness, wretchedness, and sordidness: 
 Squalid  ʾࡢªۻࣻ 
lived in a squalid apartment.
ȥҵķ䡣
Grimy   describes something whose surface is smudged with dirt such as grime or soot: 
Grimy  ĳ۹Ū࣬۹úң 
grimy hands. 
۹˫ 

= =
disable
dis.a.ble
AHD:[d1s-3bl] 
D.J.[d!s6e!b*l]
K.K.[d!s6eb*l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.a.bled,dis.a.bling,dis.a.bles 
To deprive of capability or effectiveness, especially to impair the physical abilities of.
ʹʹɥʧʹЧָ
Law To render legally disqualified.
ɡ ʹʸ
Computer Science To suppress (an interrupt feature).
ѧ ƣֹƣжص㣩
?
disablement
n.ʣ
disabling
adj.ݴʣ
disablingly
adv.ʣ

= =
disadvantage
dis.ad.van.tage
AHD:[d1sd-v2nt1j] 
D.J.[7d!s*d6v#nt!d9]
K.K.[7d!s*d6v#nt!d9]
n.ʣ
An unfavorable condition or circumstance.

Something that places one in an unfavorable condition or circumstance.
£ڲ򻷾
Damage or loss, especially to reputation or finances; detriment.
𺦣ʧָ򾭼õģ𺦻ʧ˺
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.ad.van.taged,dis.ad.van.tag.ing,dis.ad.van.tag.es 
To put at a disadvantage; hinder or harm.
ʹڲλ𺦣Σ
?
Middle English disavauntage 
йӢ disavauntage 
from Old French desavantage 
Դ ŷ desavantage 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾ෴˼] 
avantage [advantage] * see  advantage 
avantage [] *μ advantage
?
disadvantage,detriment,drawback,handicap
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a condition, circumstance, or characteristic unfavorable to success: 
Щʵ˼ָڳɹ 
poor health, a disadvantage to an athlete;
岻ã˶ԱĲ
is free to do as she wishes without detriment;
Ķκ𺦣
responsibilities that are a drawback to our pleasure;
ϰ
illiteracy, a serious handicap in life. advantage 
äеϰ advantage

= =
disagree
dis.a.gree
AHD:[d1s-gr?] 
D.J.[7d!s*6gri8]
K.K.[7d!s*6gri]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
dis.a.greed,dis.a.gree.ing,dis.a.grees 
To fail to correspond:
һ£
our figures disagree.See Synonyms at differ 
ǵĲһμ differ
To have a differing opinion:
ͬз磺
She disagrees with him on everything. They say it will rain, but I disagree.
κͬ˵ҪˣҲΪ
To dispute or quarrel.
ۣ
To cause adverse effects:
ɲӰ죬ˣ
Caffeine disagrees with me.
ʺ
?
Middle English disagreen 
йӢ disagreen 
from Old French desagreer 
Դ ŷ desagreer 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ǰ׺ʾޣûС] 
agreer [to agree] * see  agree 
agreer [ͬ] *μ agree

= =
disappear
dis.ap.pear
AHD:[d1s-p?r] 
D.J.[7d!s*6p!*]
K.K.[7d!s*6p!r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
dis.ap.peared,dis.ap.pear.ing,dis.ap.pears 
To pass out of sight; vanish.
ʧ
To cease to exist.
ڣ
?
disappearance
n.ʣ
?
disappear,evanesce,evaporate,fade,vanish
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to pass out of sight or existence: 
Щʵ˼ǡ򲻸ڡ 
a skyscraper disappearing in the fog;
ʧеĦã
time seeming to evanesce;
ʱʧ
courage evaporating;
ʧȥ
hopes fading away;
ʧȥϣ
memories vanishing slowly but surely. appear 
ضȷʵ appear

= =
disappoint
dis.ap.point
AHD:[d1s-point] 
D.J.[7d!s*6p%!nt]
K.K.[7d!s*6p%!nt]
v.ʣ
dis.ap.point.ed,dis.ap.point.ing,dis.ap.points 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fail to satisfy the hope, desire, or expectation of.
ʹϣδϣԸ
To frustrate or thwart.
ʹܴ죬ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cause disappointment.
ʹʧ
?
Middle English disappointen 
йӢ disappointen 
from Old French desapointier [to remove from office] 
Դ ŷ desapointier [ȥְ] 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾȥ] 
apointer [to appoint] * see  appoint 
apointer [] *μ appoint

= =
disaster
dis.as.ter
AHD:[d1-z2str, -s2s-] 
D.J.[d!6z#st*, -6s#s-]
K.K.[d!6z#st+, -6s#s-]
n.ʣ
An occurrence causing widespread destruction and distress; a catastrophe.
ѣż¼Χƻʹࣻ
A grave misfortune.
Ĳ
Informal A total failure:
ʽ ׵ʧܣ
The dinner party was a disaster.
᳹ʧ
Obsolete An evil influence of a star or planet.
 ǻаӰ
?
French dsastre 
 dsastre 
from Italian disastro 
Դ  disastro 
dis- [pejorative pref.]  from Latin dis- * see  dis- 
dis- [ǰ׺]  Դ  dis- *μ dis-
astro [star]  from Latin astrum  from Greek astron * see  ster- 3
astro []  Դ  astrum  Դ ϣ astron *μ ster- 3
?
disaster,calamity,catastrophe,cataclysm
These nouns refer to an event having fatal or ruinous results.
ЩʾָĻĽ¼
 Disaster  generally implies great destruction, hardship, or loss of life: 
 Disaster  һ㰵ʾ޴ƻѻɥʧ 
A nuclear disaster, spread by winds and waters and fear, could well engulf the great and the small, the rich and the poor, the committed and the uncommitted alike (John F. 
Kennedy).
ѣɷ硢ˮͿ־ȥȫɴСԼ˵ĺͲ˵Ĺҡ ԼFϣ
 Calamity  emphasizes distress, grief, or the sense of loss: 
 Calamity  ǿʹࡢ˻ʧУ 
the heaviest calamity in English history, the breach with America (James George Frazer).
 ӢʷصѣǺϵѡ ղķ˹Ρ󣩡
 Catastrophe   especially stresses the sense of a tragic final outcome: 
 Catastrophe  رǿı 
The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything save our modes of thinking, and we thus drift toward unparalleled catastrophes (Albert Einstein). A
˼ԭӷѸıһУǻʷǰѡ ء˹̹
 cataclysm  is a violent upheaval that brings about a fundamental change: 
 Cataclysm  ָ޴ĽңӶԵĸı䣺 
old aristocratic institutions destroyed by the revolutionary cataclysm. 
ѱƵľɵĹͳ 

= =
disastrous
dis.as.trous
AHD:[d1-z2strs, -s2s-] 
D.J.[d!6z#str*s, -6s#s-]
K.K.[d!6z#str*s, -6s#s-]
adj.ݴʣ
Accompanied by or causing distress or disaster; calamitous.
ԵģѵģѻҴģѻҵģҵ
Extremely bad; terrible:
ģģ
a disastrous report card.
ĳɼ浥
?
disastrously
adv.ʣ
disastrousness
n.ʣ

= =
discard
dis.card
AHD:[d1-sk?rd] 
D.J.[d!6sk$8d]
K.K.[d!6sk$rd]
v.ʣ
dis.card.ed,dis.card.ing,dis.cards 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw away; reject.

Games 
Ϸ 
To throw out (a playing card) from one's hand.
ƣжƣ
To play (a card other than a trump) from a suit different from that of the card led.
һɫţͬǰƵһźƣƵһƣ
v.intr.Games ﶯʣϷ 
To discard a playing card.
ȥƣ
n.ʣ
AHD:[d1sk?rd] 
Games 
Ϸ 
The act of discarding in a card game.
ƣڴƵϷУȥƻƵΪ
A discarded playing card.
ƣ
One that is discarded or rejected.
Ķˣ
?
discardable
adj.ݴʣ
discarder
n.ʣ

= =
discern
dis.cern
AHD:[d1-s?rn, -z?rn] 
D.J.[d!6sT8n, -6zT8n]
K.K.[d!6sPn, -6zPn]
v.ʣ
dis.cerned,dis.cern.ing,dis.cerns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive with the eyes or intellect; detect.
ۿǻ۲
To recognize or comprehend mentally.
⣬˽⣺ʶ
To perceive or recognize as being different or distinct; distinguish.See Synonyms at see 1
ʶ𣬱𣺾쵽ͬ죻μ see1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perceive differences.
壺֮ͬ
?
Middle English discernen 
йӢ discernen 
from Old French discerner 
Դ ŷ discerner 
from Latin discernere [to separate] 
Դ  discernere [룬ֿ] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
cernere [to perceive] * see  krei- 
cernere [ע⵽] *μ krei- 
?
discerner
n.ʣ

= =
discharge
dis.charge
AHD:[d1s-ch?rj] 
D.J.[d!s6t.$8d9]
K.K.[d!s6t.$rd9]
v.ʣ
dis.charged,dis.charg.ing,dis.charg.es д dis.
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To relieve of a burden or of contents; unload.
ж£Ʒж
To unload or empty (contents).
жգƷ
To release, as from confinement, care, or duty:
ͷţʹ飺ͷšѣӼΣ
discharge a patient; discharge a soldier.
˳Ժʿ
To let go; empty out:
ųڿգ
a train discharging commuters.
˿˻°
To pour forth; emit:
ųų
a vent discharging steam.
ųĿ
To shoot:

discharge a pistol.
ǹ
To remove from office or employment.See Synonyms at dismiss 
⡭ְͲμ dismiss
To perform the obligations or demands of (an office, duty, or task).See Synonyms at perform 
ִִУְ񣩵μ perform
To comply with the terms of (a debt or promise, for example).
ع涨ӣծԼģ
Law 
ɡ 
To acquit completely:
С
discharged the defendant.

To set aside; annul:
ϳ
discharge a court order.
Ժ
To remove (color) from cloth, as by chemical bleaching.
ʹɫƯףΪ֯ȥɫͨѧƯ
Electricity To cause the release of stored energy or electric charge from (a battery, for example).
ѧ ŵ磺ʹأĵͷų
Architecture 
ѧ 
To apportion (weight) evenly, as over a door.
ƽ䣺ƽֲϵ
To relieve (a part) of excess weight by distribution of pressure.
ᳬصѹ÷ֲѹᣨĳ֣ĸ
v.intr.Abbr. dis.ﶯʣд dis.
To get rid of a burden, load, or weight.
ж£ص
To go off; fire:
䣻
The musket discharged loudly.
ʽǹܴ
To pour forth, emit, or release contents.
ðų򵹳Ʒ
To become blurred, as a color or dye; run.
ȾɫʹģɫʻȾϣ
To undergo the release of stored energy or electric charge.
ŵ磺ͷ
n.ʣ
AHD:[d1sch?rj, d1s-ch?rj] д dis.
The act of removing a load or burden.
ж£жѸΪ
The act of shooting or firing a projectile or weapon.
䣬ڵ򿪻
A flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion:
ųų
a discharge of pus.
ŧ
The amount or rate of emission or ejection.
ŷ٣ųųٶ
Something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted:
ŷųͷšĶ
a watery discharge.
ˮֵŷ
The act or an instance of removing an obligation, a burden, or a responsibility.
Σ񡢸ε
Fulfillment of the terms of something, such as a debt or promise.
ΣУִծԼ
Performance, as of an office or a duty.
ְִ
Dismissal or release from employment, service, care, or confinement.
ͣͷţְ飺Ӷۡչܻн
An official document certifying such release, especially from military service.
ʽ֤ĹٷļָӾ
Law An annulment or acquittal; dismissal, as of a court order.
ɡ Ժĳ
Electricity 
ѧ 
Release of stored energy in a capacitor by the flow of current between its terminals.
ŵ磺ڵ洢ͨ˼ĵͷų
Conversion of chemical energy to electric energy in a storage battery.
ѧתΪܣѧתΪеĵ
A flow of electricity in a dielectric, especially in a rarefied gas.
ڷǵеĵϡеĵ
Elimination of net electric charge from a charged body.
ŵ磺ӵ״
?
Middle English dischargen 
йӢ dischargen 
from Old French deschargier 
Դ ŷ deschargier 
from Late Latin discarric3e 
Դ  discarric3e 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ʾȥ˼] 
Late Latin carric3e [to load] * see  charge 
 carric3e [װ] *μ charge
?
dischargeable
adj.ݴʣ
dischargee
n.ʣ
discharger
n.ʣ

= =
discipline
dis.ci.pline
AHD:[d1s-pl1n] 
D.J.[6d!s*pl!n]
K.K.[6d!s*pl!n]
n.ʣ
Training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior, especially training that produces moral or mental improvement.
ѵĥΪĳһضԸΪʽеѵָΪڵºϵĽƶеѵ
Controlled behavior resulting from disciplinary training; self-control.
ƣؼѵɵĿΪԿ
Control obtained by enforcing compliance or order.
ɣɣӶγɵĿ
A systematic method to obtain obedience:
ͣѧӵϵͳ
a military discipline.

A state of order based on submission to rules and authority:
ڷӹ˾Ļ״̬
a teacher who demanded discipline in the classroom.
һλҪڿؼɵʦ
Punishment intended to correct or train.
ͷΪѵͷ
A set of rules or methods, as those regulating the practice of a church or monastic order.
̹棬ɣһ׹ûԺ涨Ľ̹
A branch of knowledge or teaching.
ѧƣĿ֪ʶѧķ֧
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.ci.plined,dis.ci.plin.ing,dis.ci.plines 
To train by instruction and practice, especially to teach self-control to.
ѵ̣ͨѧʵѵָѧҿ
To teach to obey rules or accept authority.See Synonyms at teach 
ʹ׼ʹȨμ teach
To punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.See Synonyms at punish 
ͷΪ˿ƻвӶͷμ punish
To impose order on:
涨ԡǿʵʩ涨
needed to discipline their study habits.
涨ѧϰϰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French descepline 
Դ ŷ descepline 
from Latin disciploa 
Դ  disciploa 
from discipulus [pupil] * see  disciple 
Դ discipulus [ѧ] *μ disciple
?
disciplinal
AHD:[-pl-nl] ݴʣ
discipliner
n.ʣ

= =
disclose
dis.close
AHD:[d1-skl?z] 
D.J.[d!6skl*&z]
K.K.[d!6skloz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.closed,dis.clos.ing,dis.clos.es 
To expose to view, as by removing a cover; uncover.
¶ʹ¶ҵӣҿ
To make known (something heretofore kept secret).See Synonyms at reveal 1
¶ʹǰܵ£й¶͸¶μ reveal1
?
Middle English disclosen 
йӢ disclosen 
from Old French desclore  desclos- 
Դ ŷ desclore  desclos- 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾԡ˼] 
clore [to close]  from Latin claudere 
clore [رգ]  Դ  claudere 
?
disclosable
adj.ݴʣ
discloser
n.ʣ

= =
discount
dis.count
AHD:[d1skount, d1s-kount] 
D.J.[6d!s7ka&nt, d!s6ka&nt]
K.K.[6d!s7ka&nt, d!s6ka&nt]
v.ʣ
dis.count.ed,dis.count.ing,dis.counts д dis.,disc.
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deduct or subtract from a cost or price.
٣ӷû۸п۳ȥ
To purchase or sell (a bill, note, or other commercial paper) at a reduction equal to the amount of interest that will accumulate before it matures.
ۿۼƱƱҵƱݣļ䵽ǰϢ
To lend money on (a commercial paper not immediately payable) after deducting the interest.
Ϣڿ۳Ϣҵ֧ƱǮʽ
To sell or offer for sale at a reduced price.
۳ۣ
To reduce in quantity or value.
ֵۣϼ
To leave out of account as being untrustworthy or exaggerated; disregard:
ӣΪ䲻Żпɷֶţǣ
discount a rumor.
ҥĮȻ֮
To underestimate the significance or effectiveness of; minimize:
͹Чӣ
took care not to discount his wife's accomplishments.
ı͹ӵĳɾ
To regard with doubt or disbelief.
ţΣɵػȫſ
To anticipate and make allowance for; reckon with in advance.
ԤڣȿǣԤϲӰ죻ǰǵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lend money after deduction of interest.
֣Ϣڿ۳Ϣ
n.ʣ
AHD:[d1skount] 
A reduction from the full or standard amount of a price or debt.
ۿۣ׼ļ۸ծۿ
The interest deducted prior to purchasing, selling, or lending a commercial paper; the discount rate.
ʣڹ򡢳ۻҵƱǰϢ
The act or an instance of discounting a bill of exchange, note, or other commercial paper.
֣ƱƱҵƱݴۿ۵Ĺ̻
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a discount market; discount merchandise.
̳Ʒ
?
Alteration  influenced by dis-  count 1
   dis-Ӱ count1
of French dcompter 
  dcompterı仯 
from Old French desconter 
Դ ŷ desconter 
des- [away] * see  dis- 
des- [ȥ뿪ȥ] *μ dis-
conter [to count] * see  count 1
conter [㣬] *μ count1
?
discountable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
discourage
dis.cour.age
AHD:[d1-sk?r1j, -sk?r-] 
D.J.[d!6skT8r!d9, -6skJr-]
K.K.[d!6skPr!d9, -6skJr-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.cour.aged,dis.cour.ag.ing,dis.cour.ag.es 
To deprive of confidence, hope, or spirit.
ʹйʹʧȥġϣ
To hamper by discouraging; deter.
ͨйֹ赲
To try to prevent by expressing disapproval or raising objections.
ֹȰ裺ͼͨ޳ɻ򷴶ֹ
?
Middle English discoragen 
йӢ discoragen 
from Old French descoragier 
Դ ŷ descoragier 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾᣬȥ˼] 
corage [courage] * see  courage 
corage [] *μ courage
?
discourageable
adj.ݴʣ
discourager
n.ʣ
discouragingly
adv.ʣ
?
discourage,dishearten,dispirit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make less hopeful or enthusiastic: 
Щʵ˼ǣʹйʹʧȥ顱 
discouraged by the magnitude of the problem;
شɥʧ
lack of interest that disheartened the instructor;
ȱȤʹԱй
a failure that dispirited the team. See also Synonyms at  dissuade encourage 
ʹӸеĵʧ μͬ dissuadeencourage

= =
discover
dis.cov.er
AHD:[d1-sk?vr] 
D.J.[d!6skJv*]
K.K.[d!6skJv+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.cov.ered,dis.cov.er.ing,dis.cov.ers 
To obtain knowledge of, as through observation or study.
֪ʶͨ۲о֪ʶ
To be the first to find, learn of, or observe.
֣۲쵽һҵѧ۲쵽
Archaic To reveal or expose.
 ¶¶
?
Middle English discoveren [to reveal] 
йӢ discoveren [й¶¶] 
from Old French descovrir 
Դ ŷ descovrir 
from Late Latin discooperoe 
Դ  discooperoe 
dis- [dis-] 
dis- [ȥ] 
cooperoe [to cover] * see  cover 
cooperoe [] *μ cover
?
discoverable
adj.ݴʣ
discoverer
n.ʣ
?
discover,ascertain,determine,learn
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to gain knowledge or awareness of something not known before: 
Щʵ˼Ϊ֪ʶǰ֪顱 
discovered that the world is round;
ֵԲģ
ascertaining the facts;
ʵ
tried to determine the date of delivery;
ͼȷڣ
learned that her friend had married. 
֪ѽ 

= =
discovery
dis.cov.er.y
AHD:[d1-sk?v-r?] 
D.J.[d!6skJv*ri8]
K.K.[d!6skJv*ri]
n.ʣ
 dis.cov.er.ies 
The act or an instance of discovering.
ֵ֣Ϊ
Something discovered.
ֵ
Law Data or documents that a party to a legal action is compelled to disclose to another party either before or during a proceeding.
ɡ ͸¶ǰϹУ˱͸¶ʵйļ

= =
discrepancy
dis.crep.an.cy
AHD:[d1-skrpn-s?] 
D.J.[d!6skrep*nsi8]
K.K.[d!6skrWp*nsi]
n.ʣ
 dis.crep.an.cies 
Divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims; difference.
ìܣϻһ£ʵ֮䣻
An instance of divergence or disagreement.See Synonyms at difference 
ì֮֮һµӲμ difference

= =
discrete
dis.crete
AHD:[d1-skr?t] 
D.J.[d!6skri8t]
K.K.[d!6skrit]
adj.ݴʣ
Constituting a separate thing; distinct.
ģģɶɵģ
Consisting of unconnected distinct parts.See Synonyms at distinct 
ģɻĲֹɵĲμ distinct
Mathematics Defined for a finite set of values; not continuous.
ѧ ɢģ޵һֵϣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin discr?s [past participle of] discernere [to separate] * see  discreet 
Դ  discr?s  [] discernereĹȥִ [] *μ discreet
?
discretely
adv.ʣ
discreteness
n.ʣ

= =
discriminate
dis.crim.i.nate
AHD:[d1-skr1m-n3t] 
D.J.[d!6skr!m*7ne!t]
K.K.[d!6skr!m*7net]
v.ʣ
dis.crim.i.nat.ed,dis.crim.i.nat.ing,dis.crim.i.nates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a clear distinction; distinguish:
𣻱
discriminate among the options available.
Щõѡ
To make sensible decisions; judge wisely.
ǵľǵж
To make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice:
ӣǸ˵ŵ㣬ԵȼΪݼ𣻱ֳƫƫ
was accused of discriminating against women; discriminated in favor of his cronies.
ӸŮָأƫֿ̻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive the distinguishing features of; recognize as distinct:
ϣ𣺷
discriminate right from wrong.
Ƿ
To distinguish by noting differences; differentiate:
ֱ棺Ĳ֣ͬ
unable to discriminate colors.
ֱ治ɫ
?
Latin discro3re}  discromin3t- 
 discro3re}  discromin3t- 
from discron  discromin- [distinction] * see  krei- 
Դ discron  discromin- [𣬸] *μ krei- 
?
discriminate
AHD:[-n1t] ݴʣ
discriminately
adv.ʣ

= =
discuss
dis.cuss
AHD:[d1-sk?s] 
D.J.[d!6skJs]
K.K.[d!6skJs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.cussed,dis.cuss.ing,dis.cuss.es 
To speak with others about; talk over.
̸̸ۣۣۣ˵
To examine or consider (a subject) in speech or writing.
Կͷʽǣ⣩
?
Middle English discussen [to examine] 
йӢ discussen [飬] 
from Anglo-Norman discusser 
Դ Ӣ discusser 
from Latin discussus [past participle of] discutere [to break up] 
Դ  discussus  [] discutereĹȥִ [飬] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
quatere [to shake] * see  kw?t- 
quatere [ҡΣ] *μ kw?t- 
?
discussable  
discussible
adj.ݴʣ
discusser
n.ʣ
?
discuss,argue,debate,dispute,contend
These verbs mean to talk with others in an effort to reach agreement, to ascertain truth, or to convince.
Щʶʾ̸ԴЭ飬ȷ˵ˡ
 Discuss   involves close examination of a subject with interchange of opinions: 
 Discuss  漰ĳһ⽻ϸ飺 
Men are never so likely to settle a question rightly as when they discuss it freely (Macaulay).
ֻ۲пܽ⡱ 
 Argue  emphasizes the presentation of facts and reasons in support of a position opposed by others: 
 Argue  ǿʵֱ֧ԵĹ۵㣺 
There is no good in arguing with the inevitable (James Russell Lowell).
òɱûʲôõġ ղķʿ
 Debate   involves formal, often public argument: 
 Debate  ʽġǹۣ 
The candidates agreed to debate the campaign issues face to face.
ѡ˶ͬ;ѡıۡ
Dispute   implies differences of opinion and usually sharp argument: 
Dispute  ʾ۵ĲͬͨΪıۣ 
members of the legislature disputing over increases in the military budget. To 
صĳԱӾԤһ۲ݡ 
 contend   is to strive in debate or controversy: 
 Contend  ָۻۣ 
Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy  (Mao Zedong).
 ٻšټķ롱 ë󶫣

= =
discussion
dis.cus.sion
AHD:[d1-sk?shn] 
D.J.[d!6skJ.*n]
K.K.[d!6skJ.*n]
n.ʣ
Consideration of a subject by a group; an earnest conversation.
̸ۣۣһȺ̸һ⣻̸
A formal discourse on a topic; an exposition.
һʽ̸

= =
disease
dis.ease
AHD:[d1-z?z] 
D.J.[d!6zi8z]
K.K.[d!6ziz]
n.ʣ
A pathological condition of a part, an organ, or a system of an organism resulting from various causes, such as infection, genetic defect, or environmental stress, and characterized by 
an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.
лĳһλĳһٻϵͳڲ״̬ɸ紫ȾŴȱݻ򻷾ţԱΪͬһ֢״Ϊ
A condition or tendency, as of society, regarded as abnormal and harmful.
ײΪǲк״ƣײ
Obsolete Lack of ease; trouble.
 
?
Middle English disese 
йӢ disese 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾޡ˼] 
aise [ease] * see  ease 
aise [ʰ] *μ ease

= =
disguise
dis.guise
AHD:[d1s-goz] 
D.J.[d!s6ga!z]
K.K.[d!s6ga!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.guised,dis.guis.ing,dis.guis.es 
To modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition.
ٰ磬ױıֹԱ㲻ϳ
To furnish with a disguise.
Σαװ
To conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent:
ڸǣʹ⣺üػڱΣ
disguise one's true intentions.
ڸͼ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of disguising.
ٰ磻αװαװΪ
The condition of being disguised.
Σαװ״̬
Clothes or accessories worn to conceal one's true identity.
ʵݵ·װƷ
Appearance that misrepresents the true character of something:
αװΣڸĳʵԵ
a blessing in disguise.
װף
A pretense or misrepresentation:
ڣдʣ
His repeated references to his dangerous hobbies were only a disguise to cover up his insecurity.
ʱΣյȺֻĲȫед
?
Middle English disguisen 
йӢ disguisen 
from Old French desguiser 
Դ ŷ desguiser 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾ෴ԡ˼] 
guise [manner] * see  guise 
guise [ʽ] *μ guise
?
disguisedly
AHD:[-goz1d-l?] ʣ
disguisement
n.ʣ
disguiser
n.ʣ
?
disguise,camouflage,cloak,dissemble,dissimulate,mask
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to change or modify so as to conceal the true identity or character of: 
Щʵ˼ǡñ仯ʵݻԸ񡱣 
disguised her interest with nonchalance;
ĮԼȤ
trying to camouflage their impatience;
ǵĲͷ
cloaked his anxiety with a smile;
΢ЦĲ
dissembling ill will with false solicitude;
װĵζ⣻
couldn't dissimulate her vanity;
βסԼģ
ambition that is masked as altruism. 
ڸµҰ 

= =
disgust
dis.gust
AHD:[d1s-g?st] 
D.J.[d!s6gJst]
K.K.[d!s6gJst]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.gust.ed,dis.gust.ing,dis.gusts 
To excite nausea or loathing in; sicken.
Ļ򷴸УʹŻ
To offend the taste or moral sense of; repel.
ų⣬ĳֿζΥ¹ܳ
n.ʣ
Profound aversion or repugnance excited by something offensive.
򷴸
?
French dgo?ter 
 dgo?ter 
from Old French desgouster 
Դ ŷ desgouster 
from Old French [to lose one's appetite] 
Դ ŷ [ʧȥʳ] 
des- [dis-] 
des- [ʾ񶨡˼] 
gouster [to eat, taste]  from Latin gust3e * see  geus- 
gouster [ԣƷ]  Դ  gust3e *μ geus- 
?
disgust,nauseate,repel,revolt,sicken
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to offend the senses or feelings of: 
Щʵ˼ǡʹʹᡱ 
a stench that disgusted us;
ŻĶ
hypocrisy that nauseated me;
α
was repelled by such ruthlessness;
˲
brutality that revolts the sensibilities of civilized people;
н
a fetid odor that sickened the hospital workers. 
ζҽԺԱŻ 

= =
dish
dish
AHD:[d1sh] 
D.J.[d!.]
K.K.[d!.]
n.ʣ
An open, generally shallow concave container for holding or serving food.
̣һڸǵġͨǳİʢϷ
dishes The containers and often the utensils used when eating:
 dishes ;ߣͲʱõҳǼͥƷ
took out the dishes and silverware; washed the dishes.
ó;ߺ;ߣϴ̲;
A shallow concave container used for purposes other than eating:
״;ǾͲ͵İǳ
an evaporating dish.

The amount that a dish can hold.
̵
The food served or contained in a dish:
һʳƷ̹ӦʢŵʳƷ
a dish of ice cream.
һ̱
A particular variety or preparation of food:
ȣʳƷһʳƷϣ
Chowder is a good dish for a cold winter evening.
ǺĶʱζ
A depression similar to that in a shallow concave container for food.
Σ棺ǳİʢʳƵİ
The degree of concavity in such a depression.
ݣȣְݵĳ̶
Electronics A dish antenna.
ѧ 
Slang A good-looking person, especially an attractive woman.
ٵ ŮӣƯˣָ˵Ů
v.ʣ
dished,dish.ing,dish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To serve (food) in or as if in a dish:
װ̣ѣʳװ̻У
dished up the potatoes.
װϲ
To present:
֣裺
dished up an excellent entertainment.
־ʵֱ
To hollow out; make concave.
ڿգʹɰ
Chiefly British To foil or cheat; ruin.
Ӣ ӣƭ
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To talk idly, especially to gossip.
̸ָл
?
dish out
To give out; dispense freely:
ַɵطַ
likes to dish out advice.
ϲûû˵Ҹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English disc 
Դ Ӣ disc 
from Latin discus * see  disk 
Դ  discus *μ disk

= =
disk
disk Ҳ disc
AHD:[d1sk] 
D.J.[d!sk]
K.K.[d!sk]
n.ʣ
A thin, flat, circular object or plate.
Բ̣Բ壬״һֱƽԲ
Something resembling such an object:
״Բƽ棺
The moon's disk was reflected in the pond.
̵ӳڳ
The disk used in a disc brake.
ͣʱԲ̣ʽƶͣʱԲ
A disk used on a disk harrow.
Բ̰ƬԲũߣԲ̰ϵԲƬ
A round, flattened, platelike structure in an animal, such as an intervertebral disk.
̣壬ƬڶеԲζƽ״ṹ׵
Botany The enlarged area bearing numerous tiny flowers, as in the flower head of composite plants, such as the daisy.Also called  discus 
ֲѧ ̣кܶСĵطھտֲĻͷУҲ  discus
A phonograph record.
Ƭ
An optical disk, especially a compact disk.
ָ̣΢
Computer Science A magnetic disk.
ѧ ̣ŵ
A circular grid in a phototypesetting machine.
ŰԲģ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
disked Ҳ disced disk.ing disc.ing disks discs  
To work (soil) with a disk harrow.
Բ̰ҰңأԲ磨أ
To make (a recording) on a phonograph record.
ѣ¼ɳƬ
?
Latin discus [quoit] 
 discus [Ȧ] 
from Greek diskos 
Դ ϣ diskos 
from dikein [to throw] * see  deik- 
Դ dikein [ӣͶ] *μ deik- 

= =
dislike
dis.like
AHD:[d1s-lok] 
D.J.[d!s6la!k]
K.K.[d!s6la!k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.liked,dis.lik.ing,dis.likes 
To regard with distaste or aversion.
ϲ񣺲ϲؿ
n.ʣ
An attitude or a feeling of distaste or aversion.
᣺ϲ̬Ȼо
?
dislikable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
dismay
dis.may
AHD:[d1s-m3] 
D.J.[d!s6me!]
K.K.[d!s6me]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.mayed,dis.may.ing,dis.mays 
To destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension.
ʹ֣ʹɥд̼Ŀ־Ƕʧȥ
To cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion:
ʹʧȥ飻ʹ
was dismayed to learn that her favorite dancer used drugs.
Ϥϲ赸Աеʧ
To upset or alarm.
ʹʹ
n.ʣ
A sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger.
ɥ鷳ΣʱͻȻȫʧȥ
?
Middle English dismaien 
йӢ dismaien 
from Anglo-Norman *desmaiier 
Դ Ӣ *desmaiier 
probably de- [intensive pref.] * see  de- 
Ϊ de- [ǿǰ׺] *μ de-
Old French esmaier [to frighten]  from Vulgar Latin *exmag3e [to deprive of power]  Latin ex- [ex-]  Germanic *magan [to be able to] * see  magh- 
ŷ esmaier [ʹ£ʹ]  Դ  *exmag3e [ʹ]   ex- [ʾȥ˼]  ն *magan [] *μ magh- 
?
dismayingly
adv.ʣ
?
dismay,appall,daunt,horrify,shake
These verbs mean to deprive a person of courage or the power to act as a result of fear or anxiety.
Щʶָں»Ŷȥĳ¡
 Dismay  is the least specific: 
 Dismay  ͨģ 
The news of plummeting stock prices dismayed speculators.
Ʊ۸ȻµϢʹΪʧ
Appall  implies a sense of helplessness caused by an awareness of the enormity of something: 
Appall  һĳıŰɵУ 
for as this appalling ocean surrounds the verdant land (Herman Melville).
Ϊµĺˮде½Χסʱ նά
 Daunt  suggests an abatement of courage: 
 Daunt  ָļ٣ 
captains courageous, whom death could not daunt  (Anonymous ballad).
¸ҵĴʹǵӡ ߲ҥ
 Horrify  implies dread, shock, or revulsion: 
 Horrify  ˺¡𾪻ͻ֮⣺ 
horrified by the possibility of nuclear war. To 
пܱս 
 shake   is to dismay profoundly: 
 shake  ָظеʧ 
A little swift brutality shook him to the very soul (John Galsworthy).See also Synonyms at  fear 
 ̶ٵıΪʹֲѡ Լ߶˹磩μͬ fear

= =
dismiss
dis.miss
AHD:[d1s-m1s] 
D.J.[d!s6m!s]
K.K.[d!s6m!s]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.missed,dis.miss.ing,dis.miss.es 
To end the employment or service of; discharge.
ְͣ
To direct or allow to leave:
á뿪ѡߣ
dismissed troops after the inspection; dismissed the student after reprimanding him.
ӲϺ㽫ӽɢǸѧѵһ뿪
To stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel:
ٿǣѣܾ
dismissed all thoughts of running for office.
ٿǲμӾѡ
To refuse to accept or recognize; reject:
ܾܣϣ
dismissed the claim as highly improbable.
е
Law To put (a claim or action) out of court without further hearing.
ɡ أýһʹ򰸼˳ͥ
Sports To put out (a batter) in cricket.
˶ ڰʹߣ
?
Middle English dismissen 
йӢ dismissen 
from Medieval Latin dismittere  dismiss- 
Դ  dismittere  dismiss- 
variant of Latin doe 
  do 
do- [apart] * see  dis- 
do- [ֿ] *μ dis-
mittere [to send] 
mittere [ɣ] 
?
dismissible
adj.ݴʣ
dismission
AHD:[-m1shn] ʣ
?
dismiss,boot,bounce,can,cashier,discharge,drop,fire,sack
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to terminate the employment of: 
Щʵ˼ǡ⡭ְ͡ 
was dismissed for insubordination;
Υ
was booted for being habitually tardy;
ϰ߶ͣ
afraid of being bounced for union activities;
ڲμӹ
wasn't canned because his father-in-law owns the business;
ҵϰ壬δְ
will be cashiered from the army;
Ӳп
resort workers discharged at the end of the season;
ĩ͵ˣ
was dropped for incompetence;
ûְ
was fired on the spot for insolence;
ڰӶְλ
a reporter sacked for revealing a confidential source. See also Synonyms at  eject 
й¶ܶļ μͬ eject

= =
disorder
dis.or.der
AHD:[d1s-?rdr] 
D.J.[d!s6%8d*]
K.K.[d!s6%rd+]
n.ʣ
A lack of order or regular arrangement; confusion.
ңȱٴйɵİţ
A breach of civic order or peace; a public disturbance.
ɧңңҹڵĴƽɧ
An ailment that affects the function of mind or body:
ĻܵģʧӰ쾫ĻܵС
eating disorders and substance abuse.
ʳʧ˷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.or.dered,dis.or.der.ing,dis.or.ders 
To throw into confusion or disarray.
ʹңңһ
To disturb the normal physical or mental health of; derange.
ʹʹʧʹңܵĽʹ񾭴

= =
dispatch
dispatch Ҳ des.patch
AHD:[d1-sp2ch] 
D.J.[d!6sp#t.]
K.K.[d!6sp#t.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.patched,dis.patch.ing,dis.patch.es 
To relegate to a specific destination or send on specific business.See Synonyms at send 1
ǲͣ͵ضĿĵػضμ send1
To complete, transact, or dispose of promptly.
ѸٴѸٵɡ
To eat up (food); finish off (a dish or meal).
꣺꣨ʳ꣨һ̲˻һٷ
To put to death summarily.
Ѹٵɱ
n.ʣ
The act of sending off, as to a specific destination.
ǲǲǰеḶ́絽ĳһȷص
The act of putting to death.
ɱΪ
Speed in performance or movement.See Synonyms at haste 
Ѹ٣ڱݻжѸٲμ haste
also [d1sp2ch] 
Ҳ [d1sp2ch] 
A written message, particularly an official communication, sent with speed.
ݣѸٷ͵ϢָٷͨѶ
An important message sent by a diplomat or an officer in the armed forces.
ҪϢ⽻ԱװӾ͵ҪϢ
also [d1sp2ch] A news item sent to a news organization, as by a correspondent.
Ҳ [d1sp2ch] ҪѶϢɼ߷Żű
An organization or a conveyance for delivering goods.
˹˾ͻ֯乤
?
Spanish despachar 
 despachar 
or Italian dispacciare 
  dispacciare 
both probably ultimately from Old Proven?al empachar [to impede] 
Դ ˹ empachar [] 
from Vulgar Latin *imp33re} 
Դ  *imp33re} 
frequentative of Latin impingere [dash against] * see  impinge 
  impingereظ [ײ] *μ impinge

= =
disperse
dis.perse
AHD:[d1-sp?rs] 
D.J.[d!6spT8s]
K.K.[d!6spPs]
v.ʣ
dis.persed,dis.pers.ing,dis.pers.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drive off or scatter in different directions:
ʹɢɢʹڲͬɢɢ
The police dispersed the crowd.
ɢȺ
To strew or distribute widely:
ʹɢɢ
The airplane dispersed the leaflets over the city.
ɻڳϿɢ
To cause to vanish or disappear.See Synonyms at scatter 
ʹʧʹɢȥμ scatter
To disseminate (knowledge, for example).
ɢ֪ʶ
To separate (light) into spectral rays.
ʹ⣩ɫɢ
To distribute (particles) evenly throughout a medium.
ʹӷɢӣȷɢڽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in different directions; scatter.
ɢɢͬķɢ
To vanish; dissipate:
ɢʧ
The storm clouds had dispersed by noon.
ǰɢ
?
Middle English dispersen 
йӢ dispersen 
from Old French disperser 
Դ ŷ disperser 
from Latin dispergere  dispers- [to disperse] 
Դ  dispergere  dispers- [ɢɢʧɢ] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ɢֿ] *μ dis-
spargere [to scatter] 
spargere [ʹɢʹɢȥɢ] 
?
dispersant
n.ʣ
dispersedly
AHD:[-sp?rs1d-l?] ʣ
disperser
n.ʣ
dispersible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
displace
dis.place
AHD:[d1s-pl3s] 
D.J.[d!s6ple!s]
K.K.[d!s6ples]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.placed,dis.plac.ing,dis.plac.es 
To move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland:
ƶλãͨڵػλƶָʹ뿪
millions of refugees who were displaced by the war.
԰Ƶս뿪԰
To take the place of; supplant.
ȡλã
To discharge from an office or position.
ѡְ
?
displaceable
adj.ݴʣ
displacer
n.ʣ

= =
display
dis.play
AHD:[d1-spl3] 
D.J.[d!6sple!]
K.K.[d!6sple]
v.ʣ
dis.played,dis.play.ing,dis.plays 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To present or hold up to view.
֣ʵݣʹչֻṩۿ
Computer Science To provide (information or graphics) on a screen.
ѧ ʾĻṩϢͼΣ
To give evidence of; manifest.
֤֤ݣ
To exhibit ostentatiously; show off.
ʾҫ
To be endowed with an identifiable form or character:
ãпɱʽԸ
a shrub that displays hardiness.
úܼʵĹľ
To express, as by gestures or bodily posture:
֫ԣƻƱ
a smirk that displayed contempt.
ֳļЦ
To spread out; unfurl:
չչ
The peacock displayed its fan.
ȸչβ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Computer Science To provide information or graphics on a screen:
ѧ ʾĻṩϢʾͼΣ
a personal computer that displays and prints.
ʾӡĸ˵
n.ʣ
The act of displaying.
չ֣չʾ¶
A public exhibition.
չ
Objects or merchandise set out for viewing by the public.
ƷչƷ
A demonstration or manifestation:
ʾ֣
a display of temper.
ı¶
Biology A specialized pattern of behavior used to communicate visually, such as the presentation of colors or plumage by male birds as part of courtship or intimidation.
ѧ ΪżȶģҫΪֱ۽ʵһضΪģʽҫɫʻëż
An instance of such behavior.
Ϊ
Ostentatious exhibition.
ҫʾ
An advertisement or headline designed to catch the eye.
ŵĹ棺ΪעƵĹ
Computer Science A device that gives information in a visual form, as on a screen.
ѧ ʾָʾһӾʽʾϢװãӫʾ
A visual representation of information.
ֱϢ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a display cabinet; picked display type for the new advertising campaign.
гΪµĹ澺ѡĿʽ
?
Middle English displayen 
йӢ displayen 
from Anglo-Norman despleier 
Դ Ӣ despleier 
from Medieval Latin displic3e [to unfold] 
Դ  displic3e [δ۵] 
from Latin [to scatter] 
Դ  [ɢ] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
plic3e [to fold] * see  plek- 
plic3e [۵] *μ plek- 
?
display,array,panoply,parade,pomp
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an impressive or ostentatious exhibition: 
Щʵ˼ǡӡҫԵĿʾ 
a tasteless display of wealth;
ԲƸӹ׵ҫ
 an array of diamond rings in a showcase;
пһʯ
a panoply of alpine peaks;
߷ư磻
a parade of knowledge and virtue;
֪ʶµҫ
the pomp of a coronation ceremony. See also Synonyms at  show 
ʢ μͬ show

= =
displease
dis.please
AHD:[d1s-pl?z] 
D.J.[d!s6pli8z]
K.K.[d!s6pliz]
v.ʣ
dis.pleased,dis.pleas.ing,dis.pleas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause annoyance or vexation to.
ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cause annoyance or displeasure.
ʹ˲죬ʹ
?
Middle English displesen 
йӢ displesen 
from Old French desplaire  desplais- 
Դ ŷ desplaire  desplais- 
from Vulgar Latin *displac?e 
Դ  *displac?e 
from Latin displic?e 
Դ  displic?e 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ʾ񶨡֮] 
Latin plac?e [to please] * see  please 
 plac?e [ʹ죬ʹ] *μ please
?
displeasingly
adv.ʣ

= =
disposal
dis.pos.al
AHD:[d1-sp?zl] 
D.J.[d!6sp*&z*l]
K.K.[d!6spoz*l]
n.ʣ
A particular order, distribution, or placement:
Уãã
a pleasing disposal of plants and lawn.
ĿֲͲƺĲ
A particular method of attending to or settling matters.
ⷽ
Transference by gift or sale.

The act or process of getting rid of something.
٣ȥĳΪ
An electric device installed below a sink that grinds garbage so it can be flushed away.
һװڳϴӲˮڵĵװã˳ˮ
The liberty or power to dispose of:
áɣдȨ
funds at our disposal.
ȨõĻ

= =
dispose
dis.pose
AHD:[d1-sp?z] 
D.J.[d!6sp*&z]
K.K.[d!6spoz]
v.ʣ
dis.posed,dis.pos.ing,dis.pos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or set in a particular order; arrange.
ã䣺ضķʽûã
To put (business affairs, for example) into correct, definitive, or conclusive form.
ãʹ񣩳ȷġȷĻнʽ
To put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline.See Synonyms at incline 
ʹʹҪʹһԸɽܵ뷨ʹμ incline
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To settle or decide a matter.

n.Obsolete ʣ 
Disposal.
У
Disposition; demeanor.
飻ֹ
?
dispose of
To attend to; settle:

disposed of the problem quickly.
ܿؽ
To transfer or part with, as by giving or selling.
ͣתûֿͨ
To get rid of; throw out.
ȥ
To kill or destroy:
ɱƻ
a despot who disposed of all his enemies, real or imagined.
ɱеĵˣĻ
?
Middle English disposen 
йӢ disposen 
from Old French disposer 
Դ ŷ disposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to put, place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [ţ] *μ pose1
of Latin disp?e [to arrange] 
  disp? [ţ] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
p?e [ţ] *μ apo- 
?
disposer
n.ʣ

= =
disposition
dis.po.si.tion
AHD:[d1sp-z1shn] 
D.J.[7d!sp*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7d!sp*6z!.*n]
n.ʣ
One's usual mood; temperament:
һ飻Ƣ
a sweet disposition.
ͰԸ
A habitual inclination; a tendency:

a disposition to disagree.
Ե
A physical property or tendency:
Ի
a swelling with a disposition to rupture.
ѵ
Arrangement, positioning, or distribution:
Уãã
a cheerful disposition of colors and textures; a convoy oriented into a north-south disposition.
ɫĿãгϱĻͲ
A final settlement:
յľ
disposition of the deceased's property.
߲ƲĴ
An act of disposing of; a bestowal or transfer to another.
룻ۣת
The power or liberty to control, direct, or dispose.
֧ȨȨõ
Management; control.

?
Middle English disposicioun 
йӢ disposicioun 
from Old French disposition 
Դ ŷ disposition 
from Latin dispositi?}  dispositi?n- 
Դ  dispositi?}  dispositi?n- 
from dispositus [past participle of] disp?nere [to dispose] * see  dispose 
Դ dispositus  [] disp?nereĹȥִ [ãʹҪ] *μ dispose
?
disposition,temperament,character,personality,nature
These nouns refer to the combination of qualities that identify a person.
Щʶָһ˵ۺƷʡ
 Disposition  is approximately equivalent to prevailing frame of mind or spirit: 
 Disposition  µͬҪ˼ṹ 
A patronizing disposition always has its meaner side (George Eliot).
 Ϊ˽һ桱 Ρԣ
 Temperament   applies broadly to the sum of physical, emotional, and intellectual characteristics that affect or determine a person's actions and reactions: 
 Temperament  㷺ָӰһ˵жӦġеĺܺͣ 
Her highly strung temperament made her uncertain . . . capricious . . . enchanting (George Bernard Shaw).
 ׼ĸʹ. . .޳. . . Ρɡɣ
 Character   especially emphasizes moral and ethical qualities: 
 Character  رǿºϵƷʣ 
Education has for its object the formation of character (Herbert Spencer).
 ĿγԸ ղء˹
 Personality  is the sum of distinctive traits that give a person individuality: 
 Pensonality  ʹĳ˱ֳظԵصܺͣ 
The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed (Carl Jung).
 ָԵֻͬѧʵĽӴʲôӦĻ߶ת䡱 ٸ񣩡
 Nature  denotes native or inherent qualities: 
 Nature  ΪеȻƷʣ 
It is my habit,I hope I may say, my nature,to believe the best of people (George W. Curtis).
ҵϰߡϣ˵ҵԡű˵ĳ" ΡWµ٣

= =
dispute
dis.pute
AHD:[d1-spy?t] 
D.J.[d!6spju8t]
K.K.[d!6spjut]
v.ʣ
dis.put.ed,dis.put.ing,dis.putes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To argue about; debate.
ۣ͡
To question the truth or validity of; doubt:
ɣԡʵЧۣɣ
Her friends disputed her intentions.
ѻͼ
To strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for:
ᣬΪӮãȣŬΪ
Our team disputed the visitors' claim to the championship.
ǶͶ
To strive against; resist:
ֿƣ
disputed the actions of his competitors.
Կľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in discussion or argument; debate.See Synonyms at discuss 
ۣۣμۻۣ۲μ discuss
To quarrel angrily.
ŭ
n.ʣ
A verbal controversy; a debate.
ͷۣ
An angry altercation; a quarrel.See Synonyms at argument 
ܲμ argument
?
Middle English disputen 
йӢ disputen 
from Old French desputer 
Դ ŷ desputer 
from Latin disput3e [to examine] 
Դ  disput3e [飬] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ뿪] *μ dis-
put3e [to reckon] * see  peu- 
put3e [ǣ룬] *μ peu- 
?
disputer
n.ʣ

= =
disregard
dis.re.gard
AHD:[d1sr1-g?rd] 
D.J.[7d!sr!6g$8d]
K.K.[7d!sr!6g$rd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.re.gard.ed,dis.re.gard.ing,dis.re.gards 
To pay no attention or heed to; ignore.
ᣬע⣻
To treat without proper respect or attentiveness.
ĮӣأʵػĵضԴ
n.ʣ
Lack of thoughtful attention or due regard.
ӣĮӣأ˼벻лȱӦеĿ
?
disregarder
n.ʣ
disregardful
adj.ݴʣ

= =
disrupt
dis.rupt
AHD:[d1s-r?pt] 
D.J.[d!s6rJpt]
K.K.[d!s6rJpt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.rupt.ed,dis.rupt.ing,dis.rupts 
To throw into confusion or disorder:
ţңʹңʹ£
Protesters disrupted the candidate's speech.
߸λѡ˵˵
To interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or procedure of:
ϣϻ̡ж
Our efforts in the garden were disrupted by an early frost.
һ˪жڻ԰ĳɹ
To break or burst; rupture.
ʹѣʹѣʹ߽
?
Latin disrumpere  disrupt- [to break apart] 
 disrumpere  disrupt- [ʹѣʹ] 
dis- [dis-] 
dis- [ǰ׺ʾûС] 
rumpere [to break apart] * see  reup- 
rumpere [ʹѣʹ] *μ reup- 
?
disrupter  
disruptor
n.ʣ
disruption
n.ʣ

= =
dissatisfy
dis.sat.is.fy
AHD:[d1s-s2t1s-fo] 
D.J.[d!s6s#t!s7fa!]
K.K.[d!s6s#t!s7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.sat.is.fied,dis.sat.is.fy.ing,dis.sat.is.fies 
To fail to satisfy; disappoint.
ʹ⣻ʹʧ

= =
dissipate
dis.si.pate
AHD:[d1s-p3t] 
D.J.[6d!s*7pe!t]
K.K.[6d!s*7pet]
v.ʣ
dis.si.pat.ed,dis.si.pat.ing,dis.si.pates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drive away; disperse.
룻ʹɢ
To attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing:
ʹɢɢ򼸺ʧĳ̶ȣ
The wind finally dissipated the smoke.See Synonyms at scatter 
ɢμ scatter
To spend or expend intemperately or wastefully; squander.
˷ѣӻ޽Ƶػ˷ѵѻ֧ӻ
To use up, especially recklessly; exhaust:
ľָ꣬ʵأľ
dissipated their energy.See Synonyms at waste 
ľǵԴμ waste
To cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly.
ģʹɢʧȥȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To vanish by dispersion:
ɢʧģ
The dark clouds finally dissipated.
ɢ
To indulge in the intemperate pursuit of pleasure.
ŵӻ֣ڻֵ޽Ƶ׷
?
Middle English dissipaten 
йӢ dissipaten 
from Latin dissip3e  dissip3t- 
Դ  dissip3e  dissip3t- 
?
dissipater  
dissipator
n.ʣ
dissipative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
dissolve
dis.solve
AHD:[d1-z?lv] 
D.J.[d!6zKlv]
K.K.[d!6z$lv]
v.ʣ
dis.solved,dis.solv.ing,dis.solves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to pass into solution:
ʹܽ⣺
dissolve salt in water.
ʹܽˮ
To reduce (solid matter) to liquid form; melt.
ʹ̬ܽΪҺ壻ʹҺ
To cause to disappear or vanish; dispel.
ʹʧʹţ
To break into component parts; disintegrate.
ʹѣʹֽ
To bring to an end by or as if by breaking up; terminate.
ʹֹѻƺѶ]ʹֹ
To dismiss (a legislative body, for example):
ɢɢ أ
dissolved parliament and called for new elections.
 ɢᣬҪѡ
To cause to break down emotionally or psychologically; upset.
ʹɥʹϻʧȥƣʹ
To cause to lose definition; blur; confuse:
ʹ壻ʹģʹԻ
Morality has finally been dissolved in pity(Leslie Fiedler)
µĸģͬ顱(˹Ƶ)
Law To annul; abrogate.
ɡ ϳȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass into solution.
ܽ
To become liquid; melt.
ڻҺ
To break up or disperse.
ɢɢȥ
To become disintegrated; disappear.
ѣֽ⣻ɢʧ
To be overcome emotionally or psychologically:
ж鲻Խ
I dissolved into helpless laughter.
鲻ԽЦ
To lose clarity or definition; fade away.
ģʧȥ
To shift scenes in a motion-picture film or videotape by having one scene fade out while the next scene appears behind it and grows clearer as the first one dims.
棩 뵭Ӱ¼һ潥һԣŵһģڶǸ뵭Ϊַͨʽı仭
n.ʣ
A scene transition in a motion-picture film or videotape made by fading out one scene while the next scene grows clearer.Also called  lap dissolve 
棺ڵӰ¼УͨһĽͬʱһ潥Եķʽı仭Ҳ  lap dissolve
?
Middle English dissolven 
йӢ dissolven 
from Latin dissolvere 
Դ  dissolvere 
dis- [dis-] 
dis- [ʾȥ] 
solvere [to release] * see  leu- 
solvere [ͳ] *μ leu- 
?
dissolvable
adj.ݴʣ
dissolver
n.ʣ

= =
distance
dis.tance
AHD:[d1stns] 
D.J.[6d!st*ns]
K.K.[6d!st*ns]
n.Abbr. dist.,dis.ʣд dist.,dis.
The extent of space between two objects or places; an intervening space.
룬ࣺط֮Ŀռ룻һοռ
The fact or condition of being apart in space; remoteness.
Զ룬Զڿռбָʵ״̬Զ
Mathematics The length or numerical value of a straight line or curve.
ѧ ֱࣺ߻ߵĳȻֵ
The extent of space between points on a measured course.
·̣ڱⶨ·ľ
The length of a race, especially of a horserace.
ܵĳȣָ
A point or an area that is far away:
ԶԶԶһһ
Telephone poles stretched way into a distance I couldn't quite see(Leigh Allison Wilson)
绰һֱԶҼˡ(ɭѷ)
A depiction of a point or an area that is far away.
Զ֮Զĳһĳһ
A stretch of space without designation of limit; an expanse:
һƬûָ޵Ŀռ䣻
a land of few hills and great distances.
ֻɽĹ
The extent of time between two events; an intervening period.
ʱ·ʱļһμ
A point removed in time:
ʱ䣺Զʱ̣
At a distance of 11 years, the details of the crime were clouded in his mind.
ʱʮһ󣬷ϸԺѱģ
The period or length of a contest:
ڼ䣺ʱλ򳤶ȣ
The challenger had never attempted the distance of 12 rounds.
սߴδͼʮȦ
An amount of progress:
չ̶ȣ
The curriculum committee is a distance from where it was two months ago.
γίԱĹȡúܴչ
Difference or disagreement:
磬ͣͬ⣺
The candidates could not be at a greater distance on this issue.
ϣѡܴ֮
Chillness of manner; aloofness.
䵭Ѻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.tanced,dis.tanc.ing,dis.tanc.es 
To place or keep at or as if at a distance:
ʹԶ룬ʹԶ
To understand Russian strategy . . . it is necessary for us to distance ourselves from our own myths and to enter into theirs(Freeman J. Dyson)
ҪŪ׶սԡбҪ׿Լ񻰶ǵġ(J.ɭ)
To cause to appear at a distance.
ʹԵңԶ
To leave far behind; outrun.
ѡԶԶ˦ں棻ԶԶ

= =
distant
dis.tant
AHD:[d1stnt] 
D.J.[6d!st*nt]
K.K.[6d!st*nt]
adj.Abbr. dist.,dis.ݴʣд dist.,dis.
Separate or apart in space.
ԶģڿռϷֿ
Far removed; remote:
ԶģԶģ
distant lands.
ңԶĹ
Coming from or going to a distance:
ԶģԶȥģ
a distant sound; a distant telephone call.
Զ;绰
Far removed or apart in time:
ңԶģʱ䣩ԶģԶģ
the distant past; distant events.
ԶĹȥԶ
Far apart in relationship:
ϵԶģԶģ
a distant cousin.
Զֵ
Minimally similar:
ͬģƳ̶ȺСģ
a distant likeness.
ͬ
Far removed mentally:
вģ
distant thoughts.
˼в
Aloof or chilly:
Įģ䵭ģ
a distant smile.
䵭΢Ц
?
Middle English distaunt 
йӢ distaunt 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin dist3s  distant- [present participle of] dist3re [to be remote] 
Դ  dist3s  distant-  [] dist3reڷִ [ңԶģԶģԶ] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վֱ] *μ st3- 
?
distantly
adv.ʣ
?
distant,far,far-off,faraway,remote,removed
These adjectives mean apart from others in space, time, or relationship.
Щݴʶʾʱ䡢ռϵϵԶ롢Զֿ
 Distant  can indicate a specific separation ( 
 Distant  ָļ( 
a house a mile distant from town), or it can indicate an indefinite but sizable interval ( 
һӢķ) ָȷĵ൱ľ( 
heard the sound of distant traffic). 
Զ) 
 Far   applies to what is a great distance off: 
 Far  ָԶ룺 
We be come from a far country (Joshua 9:6). 
һңԶĹȡ Լ96 
He seems so near, and yet so far (Tennyson).
ȥôȴôԶ 
 Far-off  andfaraway imply an even greater distance than far: 
 Far-off  faraway ʾ farľ룺 
troops landing on far-off shores;
ԶĲӣ
faraway mountains and lakes.
ԶȺɽͺ
Remote  not only means faraway but suggests isolation from the speaker's locality or point in time: 
Remote  ָԶұʾͬʱԶ˵ڵĵص㣺 
remote stars;
ңԶǣ
 a remote outpost of civilization;
ңԶߣ
the remote past.
ԶĹȥ
Removed   implies distinct separation between two entities in place, time, kind, or character: 
Removed  ʾʵڵص㡢ʱ䡢ԵķָԶ룺 
a civilization ten centuries removed from modern times;
ִ10֮ң
a hideaway far removed from towns and cities. 
ԶƧط 

= =
distinct
dis.tinct
AHD:[d1-st1ngkt] 
D.J.[d!6st!0kt]
K.K.[d!6st!0kt]
adj.ݴʣ
Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete:
ģͬģģƷģģ
on two distinct occasions.
ֲͬĳ
Easily perceived by the senses or intellect; clear:
Եģģڱоǻ۲ģģ
a distinct flavor.
طζ
Clearly defined; unquestionable:
ȷģȷеģ
at a distinct disadvantage.
ȷʵڲ
Very likely; probable:
пܵģܵģ
There is a distinct possibility that she won't come.
пܲ
Notable:
׿ԽģѰģ
a distinct honor and high privilege.
Ժյͳߵ
?
Middle English [past participle of] distincten [to distinguish, discern] 
йӢ  [] distinctenĹȥִ [] 
from Old French destincter 
Դ ŷ destincter 
from Latin distos [past participle of] distinguere [to distinguish] * see  distinguish 
Դ  distos  [] distinguereĹȥִ [] *μ distinguish
?
distinctly
adv.ʣ
distinctness
n.ʣ
?
distinct,discrete,separate,several
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is distinguished from others in nature or qualities: 
Щݴʵ˼ǣڱԻƷ˻𡱣 
six distinct colors;
ֲͬɫ
a government with three discrete divisions;
ɵ
a problem consisting of two separate issues;
ͬ۵⣻
performed the several steps of the process. See also Synonyms at  apparent 
չһ̵ļ׶ μͬ apparent
?
A thing isdistinct  if it is sharply distinguished from other things; a property or attribute isdistinctive  if it enables us to distinguish one thing from another.  
distinct ָĳ distinctive ָĳԻصʹܹĳ  
The warbler is not a distinct species 
ݺһɱ񡱣 
means that the warbler is not a clearly defined type of bird. 
ʾݺһȷȷࡣ 
The warbler has a distinctive song 
ݺжصĸ 
means that the warbler's song enables us to distinguish the warbler from other birds.
ָݺʹ

= =
distinction
dis.tinc.tion
AHD:[d1-st1ngkshn] 
D.J.[d!6st!0k.*n]
K.K.[d!6st!0k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of distinguishing; differentiation.
𣬱𣺱Ḷ́
The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference:
𣬲ͬƻͬʵ죺
the crucial distinction between education and indoctrination(A. Bartlett Giamatti)See Synonyms at difference 
͹ѧ˵ĸ֮ͬ(A.ء̩)μ difference
A distinguishing factor, attribute, or characteristic.
ͬ㣬ֵ֮ҪءԻص
Excellence or eminence, as of performance, character, or reputation:
ŵ㣬Ƿ׿ԽܳݡԸ
a diplomat of distinction.
һλ׿Խ⽻
A special feature or quality conferring superiority.
ԽԣԽԻƷ
Recognition of achievement or superiority; honor:
ҫԳɾͻŵȵĳϣ
graduated with distinction.
ٵرҵ

= =
distinguish
dis.tin.guish
AHD:[d1-st1nggw1sh] 
D.J.[d!6st!0gw!.]
K.K.[d!6st!0gw!.]
v.ʣ
dis.tin.guished,dis.tin.guish.ing,dis.tin.guish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive as being different or distinct.
֣𣬷壺оͬĻ
To perceive distinctly; discern:
ʶ
distinguished the masts of ships on the horizon.
ڵƽϷബΦ
To make noticeable or different; set apart.
עĿбڣע
To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized:
ʹܳʹ
They have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers.
ΪȫȫṤ߶ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perceive or indicate differences; discriminate:
֣𣻷壺
distinguish between right and wrong.
Ƿ
?
Alteration of obsolete distingue 
  distingueı仯 
from Middle English distinguen 
Դ йӢ distinguen 
from Old French distinguer 
Դ ŷ distinguer 
from Latin distinguere [to separate] * see  steig- 
Դ  distinguere [ֿʹ] *μ steig- 
?
distinguishable
adj.ݴʣ
distinguishably
adv.ʣ

= =
distort
dis.tort
AHD:[d1-st?rt] 
D.J.[d!6st%8t]
K.K.[d!6st%rt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.tort.ed,dis.tort.ing,dis.torts 
To twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape.
ŤᣬŤʹΣŤȷĻĲλϵʹ
To give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent.
⣬󴫣ʹԻԭ
To cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert.
ããŤҵķʽ
?
Latin distorqu?e  distort- 
 distorqu?e  distort- 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
torqu?e [to twist] * see  terk w- 
torqu?e [ŤᣬŤʹ] *μ terk w- 
?
distorter
n.ʣ
?
distort,twist,deform,contort,warp
These verbs mean to change and spoil the form or character of something. To
Щʶʾ仯ĳλ
 distort  is to alter in shape, as by torsion or wrenching;the term also applies to verbal or pictorial misrepresentation and to alteration or perversion of the meaning of something: 
 Distort  ָͨŤתŤʹı״ôҲָ滭Ͷĳ 
The human understanding is like a false mirror, which, receiving rays irregularly, distorts and discolors the nature of things by mingling its own nature with it (Francis Bacon).
 ˵ͬһپӣ޹ɵؽչߣԼıʺıʻӶıʡ ˹
 Twist  applies to distortion of form or meaning: 
 Twist  ָεŤ 
a mouth twisted with pain.
ʹˡ
He accused me of twisting his words to mean what I wanted them to.
ָĻ
Deform   refers to change that disfigures and often implies the loss of desirable qualities such as beauty: 
Deform  ָʹΣʧȥƷʣ֮⣺ 
Great erosion deformed the landscape.
޴ʴı˵ò
The earlier part of his discourse was deformed by pedantic divisions and subdivisions (Macaulay).
ѧʽĻֺʹηĽǰһֵΡ 
 Contort  implies violent change that produces unnatural or grotesque effects: 
 Contort  ָ޴仯ӶȻĻĽ 
a face contorted with rage;
ڷŭʹŤ
a contorted line of reasoning.
˼·
Warp  can refer to a turning or twisting from a flat or straight form ( 
Warp  ָͻֱ͵ĸıŤ( 
floorboards that had warped over the years). It also can imply the bending or turning of something from a true course or direction: 
ñεĵذ) ôҲָĳȷ·߻ת䣺 
Prejudice warps the judgment. 
ƫж 

= =
distract
dis.tract
AHD:[d1-str2kt] 
D.J.[d!6str#kt]
K.K.[d!6str#kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.tract.ed,dis.tract.ing,dis.tracts 
To cause to turn away from the original focus of attention or interest; divert.
ɢתƣʹתԭעȤʹ
To pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle.
ʹңʹʹңʹ
?
Middle English distracten 
йӢ distracten 
from Latin distrahere  distr3ct- [to pull away] 
Դ  distrahere  distr3ct- [] 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
trahere [to draw] 
trahere [𣬼] 
?
distractingly
adv.ʣ
distractive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
distress
dis.tress
AHD:[d1-strs] 
D.J.[d!6stres]
K.K.[d!6strWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.tressed,dis.tress.ing,dis.tress.es 
To cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to.See Synonyms at trouble 
ʹţʹǣʹʹμ trouble
Law To hold the property of (a person) against the payment of debts.
ɡ Ѻծ˵ģԵծ
To mar or otherwise treat (an object or a fabric, for example) to give the appearance of an antique or of heavy prior use:
죬ΪɹŶĻõ۶쳣ԴƷά
There are the fakesnew rugs which have been intentionally distressed for an older look(Hatfield MA Valley Advocate)
ë̺µ̺֯Ͼɵʽ(طƶMAȱ绤ʦ)
Archaic To constrain or overcome by harassment.
 ƣͨɧţңԼ
n.ʣ
Anxiety or mental suffering.
ǣϵʹ
Severe strain resulting from exhaustion or an accident.
ţۻ¹ĸ߶Ƚ
Acute physical discomfort.
ʹ
Physical deterioration, as of a highway, caused by hard use over time:
񻯣𻵣ڳڹʹöɵĥٹ·
pavement distress.
е
The condition of being in need of immediate assistance:
ΣѣΣҪ״
a motorist in distress.
Σվصļʻ
Law 
ɡ 
The act of distraining or seizing to compel payment.
ѺѺԱȸΪ
The goods thus seized.
ѺĲ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
distress merchandise; a distress sale.
۵Ʒ۳
?
Middle English distressen 
йӢ distressen 
from Old French destresser 
Դ ŷ destresser 
from destresse [constraint] 
Դ destresse [ǿȣʹ] 
from Vulgar Latin *districtia 
Դ  *districtia 
from Latin districtus [past participle of] distringere [to hinder] * see  distrain 
Դ  districtus  [] distringereĹȥִ [谭] *μ distrain
?
distressingly
adv.ʣ

= =
distribute
dis.trib.ute
AHD:[d1-str1by?t] 
D.J.[d!6str!bju8t]
K.K.[d!6str!bjut]
v.ʣ
dis.trib.ut.ed,dis.trib.ut.ing,dis.trib.utes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide and dispense in portions.
ַ䣬ֳָɲַɼ
To supply (goods) to retailers.

To deliver or pass out:
ͣɢ
distributing handbills on the street.
ڽɢ
To spread or diffuse over an area; scatter:
ɢɢֲһɢ
distribute grass seed over the lawn.
Ѳֲɢڲƺ
To apportion so as to be evenly spread throughout a given area:
ֲ̯ƽʹɢĳһ
180 pounds of muscle that were well distributed over his 6-foot frame.
һٰʮļȳӢ߸ߵ
To separate into categories; classify.
ֳɼࣻ
Logic To use (a term) so as to include all individuals or entities of a given class.
߼ѧ ӣãһĳһеиʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Mathematics To be distributive.
ѧ 
?
Middle English distributen 
йӢ distributen 
from Latin distribuere  distrib?t- 
Դ  distribuere  distrib?t- 
dis- [apart] * see  dis- 
dis- [ֿ] *μ dis-
tribuere [to give] * see  tribute 
tribuere [] *μ tribute
?
distribute,divide,dispense,dole,deal,ration
These verbs mean to give out in portions or shares.
Щʶָֻ򰴷ݶַ
 Distribute   is the least specific: 
 Distribute  ģ 
In the 19th century the government distributed land to settlers willing to cultivate it.
19ͣطַԸֵĶߡ
Divide  implies giving out portions, often equal, on the basis of a plan or purpose: 
Divide  ʾݼƻĿĽаݶַƽȵģ 
The estate will be divided among the heirs.
Ʋַ̳С
Dispense  stresses the careful determination of portions, often according to measurement or weight: 
Dispense  ǿݲضֵķݶ 
dispensing medication;
ҩ
dispensed tax dollars judiciously;
ǵطַΪ˰Ԫ
dispense advice and sympathy.
轨ͬ顣
Dole,  often followed byout,  implies careful, usually sparing measurement of portions; it can refer to the distribution of charity ( 
Dole,  󳣸out ָϸµأͨǽʡӦַķݶĲ ָʩ( 
surplus milk and cheese doled out to the needy) but more often suggests lack of generosity:  
ʣţ̺Ҷָ)ʾ󷽣  
The professor seldom doled out praise, and even when he did it was with reluctance.
Ǹںٸޣ裬ҲܲԸ
Deal  implies orderly, equitable distribution, often piece by piece: 
Deal  ʾأƽķַһһݵģ 
dealt out one hamburger each to the children.
ָÿһһ麺
Ration   refers to equitable division of scarce items, often necessities, in accordance with a system that limits individual portions: 
Ration  ָһƸ˷ݶƣһֲĶΪƷ 
ration fuel in wartime;
սʱӦȼϣ
rationing water during the drought. 
ڸɺʱڶӦˮ 

= =
distribution
dis.tri.bu.tion
AHD:[d1str-by?shn] 
D.J.[7d!str*6bju8.*n]
K.K.[7d!str*6bju.*n]
n.Abbr. distr.ʣд distr.
The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed; apportionment.
䣬Ϊ򱻷״̬
Something distributed; an allotment.

The act of dispersing or the condition of being dispersed; diffusion.
ɢַɢΪ򱻷ַ״̬ɢ
The geographic occurrence or range of an organism.
ĵֲֲֻΧĵ
The geographic occurrence or range of a custom, a usage, or another feature.
ֲסϰ߻һĵֲΧ
Division into categories; classification.
ࣻ
The process of marketing and supplying goods, especially to retailers.
ƷͨۺƷḶָ́
A spatial or temporal array of objects or events:
ֲУ¼ĿռʱУֲ
the distribution of theaters on Broadway.
ϻϾԺķֲ
Law The division of an estate or property among rightful heirs.
ɡ Ųķ䣺Ȩ̳֮еĲƲ
Statistics A set of numbers collected from a well-defined universe of possible measurements arising from a property or relationship under study.
ͳѧ ƵƵʣֲ䣺ӱоĳһϵһȷĿܲռһϵ
?
distributional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
district
dis.trict
AHD:[d1str1kt] 
D.J.[6d!str!kt]
K.K.[6d!str!kt]
n.Abbr. dist.ʣд dist.
A division of an area, as for administrative purposes.
һķ֧Ϊ˹Ŀ
A region or locality marked by a distinguishing feature:
ĵط
went to the lake district for their vacation.See Synonyms at area 
ȥȼٲμ area
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.trict.ed,dis.trict.ing,dis.tricts 
To mark off or divide into districts.
ѡֳ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin districtus 
Դ  districtus 
from Latin [past participle of] distringere [to hinder] * see  distrain 
Դ   [] distringereĹȥִ [谭] *μ distrain
?
districtwide
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
disturb
dis.turb
AHD:[d1-st?rb] 
D.J.[d!6stT8b]
K.K.[d!6stPb]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dis.turbed,dis.turb.ing,dis.turbs 
To break up or destroy the tranquillity or settled state of:
ʹɧʹϻƻ򰲶״̬
Subterranean fires and deep unrest disturb the whole area(Rachel Carson)
еƻͼҵĶʹڲ(жɭ)
To trouble emotionally or mentally; upset.
ʹգʹʹꣻʹ
To interfere with; interrupt:
ţ
noise that disturbed my sleep.
˯
To intrude on; inconvenience:
棬ţ
Constant calls disturbed her work.
ӦӲϾĵ绰Ĺ
To put out of order; disarrange.
ʹ춯
?
Middle English distourben 
йӢ distourben 
from Old French destourber 
Դ ŷ destourber 
from Latin disturb3e 
Դ  disturb3e 
Latin dis- [dis-] 
 dis- [ʾ෴֮] 
Latin turb3e [to agitate]  from turba [confusion]  probably from Greek turb?} 
 turb3e [Ķʹ]  Դ turba [ңңɧ]  Դ ϣ turb?} 
?
disturber
n.ʣ
disturbingly
adv.ʣ

= =
disturbance
dis.tur.bance
AHD:[d1-st?rbns] 
D.J.[d!6stT8b*ns]
K.K.[d!6stPb*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of disturbing.
ңɧңҵΪ
The condition of being disturbed:
ɧңңڱ״̬
The forest . . . is in various stages of disturbance. Only the biggest trees . . . have been left standing(Alex Shoumatoff)
ɭ֡ڲͬ׶εĻ״ֻ̬ľ(˹Фз)
Something that disturbs, as a commotion, scuffle, or public tumult.
ɧԭɧ塢ҡһɧ
Mental or emotional unbalance or disorder.
񲻰
A variation in normal wind conditions.
ţ״̬ı仯
Geology Folding or faulting that affects a relatively large area.
ѧ ֲ˶γֶϲӰ൱

= =
ditch
ditch
AHD:[d1ch] 
D.J.[d!t.]
K.K.[d!t.]
n.ʣ
A long narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground, as for irrigation, drainage, or a boundary line.
ˮˮڵĹϸڹȡˮֽ
v.ʣ
ditched,ditch.ing,ditch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dig or make a long narrow trench or furrow in.
ڣڣڻĹϸ
To surround with a long narrow trench or furrow.
ùΧס
To drive (a vehicle) into a long narrow trench, as one beside a road.
ѣʻ·ԵĹ
To derail (a train).
ʹ𳵣
Slang 
ٵ 
To get rid of; discard:

ditched the old yard furniture.
ɵͥԺҾ
To get away from (a person, especially a companion).
ܣĳˣͬ飩
To skip (class or school).
ӿΣѧ
To crash-land (an aircraft) on water.
ʹɻˮȽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dig a ditch.

To crash-land in water. Used of an aircraft or a pilot.
ˮȽڷɻʻԱ
?
Middle English dich 
йӢ dich 
from Old English doc * see  dhog w- 
Դ Ӣ doc *μ dhog w- 

= =
dive
dive 1
AHD:[dov] 
D.J.[da!v]
K.K.[da!v]
v.ʣ
dived  dove [d?v] dived,div.ing,dives 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To plunge, especially headfirst, into water.
ˮǱˮУָͷˮˮ
To execute a dive in athletic competition.
ˮμеˮ
To participate in the sport of competitive diving.
μˮ˶
To go toward the bottom of a body of water; submerge.
ǱˮǱһƬˮĵײǱˮ
To engage in the activity of scuba diving.
μǱˮμӴˮǱˮǱˮ
To submerge under power. Used of a submarine.
ԶǱˮǱˮǱˮͧ
To fall head down through the air.
ԴУͷ´ӿ
To descend nose down at an acceleration usually exceeding that of free fall. Used of an airplane.
ɻ壺ͨԶļٶ»ڷɻ
To engage in the sport of skydiving.
ʽɡμӻɡɡ˶
To drop sharply and rapidly; plummet:
µ轵
Stock prices dove 100 points in a single day of trading.
һĽУƱ۸ͼµһٵ
To rush headlong and vanish into:
ٳʧ
dive into a crowd.
Ⱥʧ
To plunge one's hand into.
룬֣ͻ
To lunge:
ȥȥ
dove for the loose ball.
ʧȥ׼ͷȥ
To plunge into an activity or enterprise with vigor and gusto.
УȫͶ룬ǱУ̽
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (an aircraft, for example) to dive.
ʹɻ
n.ʣ
A plunge into water, especially done headfirst and in a way established for athletic competition.
ˮˮָͷˮķʽˮ
The act or an instance of submerging, as of a submarine or a skin diver.
ǱˮǱˮĶӣǱˮͧǱ
A nearly vertical descent at an accelerated speed through the air.
ֱ£ӿнƴֱļ
A quick, pronounced drop.
½
Slang A disreputable or run-down bar or nightclub.
ٵ ͼƹݣͼҹܻ
A knockout feigned by prearrangement between prizefighters:
мװְҵȭȰŵļװ𵹣
The challenger took a dive.
ս߼װ
A lunge or a headlong jump:
ˣ壺
made a dive to catch the falling teacup.
˹ȥץסµĲ豭
Football An offensive play in which the carrier of the ball plunges into the opposing line in order to gain short yardage.
 ԾԵõһ̶ΣǰƽľĽΪ
?
Middle English diven 
йӢ diven 
from Old English dtn [to dip] 
Դ Ӣ dtn [պ] 
and from d?n [to sink] * see  dheub- 
Դ d?n [³] *μ dheub- 
?
Eitherdove  or dived  is acceptable as the past tense of dive. Dived  is actually the earlier form,and the emergence ofdove  may appear anomalous in light of the general tendencies of 
change in English verb forms. Old English had two classes of verbs:strong verbs, whose past tense was indicated by a change in their vowel (a process that survives in such present-
day English verbsasdrive/drove  or fling/flung ); and weak verbs,whose past was formed with a suffix related to-ed  in Modern English (as in present-day Englishlive/lived  and 
move/moved ). Since the Old English period,many verbs have changed from the strong pattern to the weak one;for example, the past tense ofhelp,  formerly healp,  became helped,  and 
the past tense ofstep,  formerly stop,  became stepped.  Over the years, in fact, the weak pattern has become so prevalentthat we use the termregular  to refer to verbs that form their 
past tense by suffixation of -ed.  However, there have occasionally been changes in the other direction:the past tense ofwear,  now wore,  was once werede ; that ofspit,  now spat, was 
once spitede ; and the development ofdove  is an additional example of the small group of verbs that have swum against the historical tide. 
dove  dived  diveĹȥʽʽ Dived  ʵڴΣӢﶯʴα仯ƣdove ĳƺǲġ Ӣදʣǿʽʣȥʱʽ
Ԫ仯֣һִ̻Ӣdrive/drove  fling/flung ȶУ һΪʽʣȥʱ̬ʽִӢ-ed ׺й ִӢе
live/lived  move/moved ) ԹӢʱදǿʽΪʽhelp ĹȥʽʽǰΪ healp ѱΪ helped  step Ĺȥʽǰ stop Ϊ stepped  
ʵϣʽʱ÷ǳձ飬򶯴 ָЩɼӺ׺ -ed ɹȥʽʽĶʣ ȻżҲһ仯wear ĹȥʽΪ wore Ϊ 
weared  spit ĹȥʽΪ spat Ϊ spitede  dove ķչǷʷһС鶯еһС鶯ʵ 
?
dive
dive 2
AHD:[d?v3] 
D.J.[6di8ve!]
K.K.[6dive]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
A plural of diva 
 divaĸ

= =
diverse
di.verse
AHD:[d1-v?rs, do-, dov?rs] 
D.J.[d!6vT8s, da!-, 6da!7vT8s]
K.K.[d!6vPs, da!-, 6da!7vPs]
adj.ݴʣ
Differing one from another.
ͬģģһһͬ
Made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements:
ֶģɫɫģɲͬԻɵģ
Prague . . . offers visitors a series of excursions into a rich and diverse past(Olivier Bernier)
ΪÿṩһĶ;УǽḻɵʷС(άҮҮ)
?
Middle English divers, 
йӢ divers, 
from Old French divers 
Դ ŷ divers 
from Latin dos [past participle of] dovertere [to divert] * see  divert 
Դ  dos  [] dovertereĹȥִ [ʹתתƣʹõǲ] *μ divert
?
diversely
adv.ʣ
diverseness
n.ʣ

= =
diversion
di.ver.sion
AHD:[d1-v?rzhn, -shn, do-] 
D.J.[d!6vT89*n, -.*n, da!-]
K.K.[d!6vP9*n, -.*n, da!-]
n.Abbr. div.ʣд div.
The act or an instance of diverting or turning aside; deviation.
תתƣƫ룺תƻתΪӣƫ
Something that distracts the mind and relaxes or entertains.
ǲɢעͷɻֵ
A maneuver that draws the attention of an opponent away from a planned point of action, especially as part of military strategy.
ǣƣ𹥣ʹзעԭսתƿĲԣָսԵһ
?
Late Latin do?}  doversi?n- [act of turning aside] 
 do?}  doversi?n- [תһߵΪ] 
from Latin dos [past participle of] dovertere [to divert] * see  divert 
Դ  dos  [] dovertereĹȥִ [ʹת] *μ divert
?
diversionary
adj.ݴʣ

= =
divert
di.vert
AHD:[d1-v?rt, do-] 
D.J.[d!6vT8t, da!-]
K.K.[d!6vPt, da!-]
v.ʣ
di.vert.ed,di.vert.ing,di.verts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To turn aside from a course or direction:
ʹת򣺴һ·ת
Traffic was diverted around the scene of the accident.
赼ͨƹֳ
To distract:
תơע
My attention was diverted by an argument between motorists.
Ħг֮תҵע
To entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome thoughts or cares; amuse.See Synonyms at amuse 
ǲ֣ͨעӷ֮תƿֲ֣μ amuse
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn aside.
תһ
?
Middle English diverten 
йӢ diverten 
from Old French divertir 
Դ ŷ divertir 
from Latin doe 
Դ  doe 
do- [aside] * see  dis- 
do- [Ա] *μ dis-
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
diverter
n.ʣ
divertingly
adv.ʣ

= =
divide
di.vide
AHD:[d1-vod] 
D.J.[d!6va!d]
K.K.[d!6va!d]
v.ʣ
di.vid.ed,di.vid.ing,di.vides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To separate into parts, sections, groups, or branches.See Synonyms at separate 
ָ룺ֳɼ֡顢򼸸֦μ separate
To sector into units of measurement; graduate.
̳߶ȣλԿ̶ȣֶ
To separate and group according to kind; classify.
ࣺѡ飻
To separate into opposing factions; disunite:
ʹֳɶɱʹѣ
They want not to divide either the Revolution or the Church but to be an integral part of both(Conor Cruise O'Brien)
ǼȲѸҲѽ̻ɣ뼯֮ɡ(ɡ³˹²)
To cause (members of a parliament) to vote by separating into groups, as pro and con.
ʹԱֳ޳뷴ԵͶƱ
To separate from something else; cut off:
ֿѡĶֿ룺
divided the boys from the girls for gym class.
ʱкŮֿ
To apportion among a number.See Synonyms at distribute 
ַμ distribute
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To subject to the process of division.
Ĺ̶
To be an exact divisor of.
ԡΪľȷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become separated into parts.
ֳֿɼ
To branch out, as a river.
ֲ֧棬
To form into factions; take sides.
ѣְɣ
To vote by dividing.
б
Mathematics To perform the operation of division.
ѧ 
Biology To undergo cell division.
ѧ ϸ
n.ʣ
A dividing point or line:
ֽ߻ֽ㣺
would clearly tip the court . . . across a dangerous constitutional divide(Lawrence H. Tribe)
ԽΣյܷ޽ʹͥԵб(˹H.ķ)
A ridge of land; a watershed.
½ˮ
?
Middle English dividen 
йӢ dividen 
from Latin doe 
Դ  doe 
do- [dis-] 
do- [] 
-videre [to separate] 
-videre [ֿ] 
?
dividable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
divine
di.vine
AHD:[d1-von] 
D.J.[d!6va!n]
K.K.[d!6va!n]
adj.ݴʣ
di.vin.er,di.vin.est 
Having the nature of or being a deity.
Ե
Of, relating to, emanating from, or being the expression of a deity:
ģġйصġ񷢳Ļʾģ
sought divine guidance through meditation.
ͨڤѰָ
Being in the service or worship of a deity; sacred.
ʥģĻ׸ģʥ
Superhuman; godlike.
˵ģ
Supremely good or beautiful; magnificent:
õģģ׳ģ
a divine performance of the concerto.
Э
Extremely pleasant; delightful:
˼Ϊ˵ģģ
had a divine time at the ball.
ÿļ
Heavenly; perfect.
ģ
n.ʣ
A cleric.
ʦʿ
A theologian.
ѧ
v.ʣ
di.vined,di.vin.ing,di.vines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To foretell through or as if through the art of divination.See Synonyms at foretell 
ռԤԣͨͨռԤԲμ foretell
To know by inspiration, intuition, or reflection.
ռԣСֱ˼֪
To guess.

To locate (underground water or minerals) with a divining rod; douse.
ռ̽ˮԴ̽
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice divination.
ռ
To guess.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French devine 
Դ ŷ devine 
from Latin doonus} [divine, foreseeing] 
Դ  doonus} [ģ֪] 
from dos [god] * see  deiw- 
Դ dos [] *μ deiw- 
V., Middle English divinen 
ʣ йӢ divinen 
from Old French deviner 
Դ ŷ deviner 
from Latin doon3re} 
Դ  doon3re} 
from doonus} [foreseeing] 
Դ doonus} [֪] 
?
divinely
adv.ʣ
divineness
n.ʣ
diviner
n.ʣ

= =
division
di.vi.sion
AHD:[d1-v1zhn] 
D.J.[d!6v!9*n]
K.K.[d!6v!9*n]
n.Abbr. div.ʣд div.
The act or process of dividing.
ָָֿΪ
The state of having been divided.
ָ״
The proportional distribution of a quantity or entity.
䣺һһİ
Something, such as a boundary or partition, that serves to divide or keep separate.
ָֽߣָֽ
One of the parts, sections, or groups into which something is divided.
һ飺ĳﱻָ䲿֡Ⱥ֮һ
An area of government or corporate activity organized as an administrative or functional unit.
ţ˾һ֣һܵλ
A territorial section marked off for political or governmental purposes.
ΪλĿĶֵ
An administrative and tactical military unit that is smaller than a corps but is self-contained and equipped for prolonged combat activity.
ʦӵսλȾС豸ȫгսװ
A group of several ships of similar type forming a tactical unit under a single command in the U.S. Navy.
ֶͧӣֱսλҽ
A unit of the U.S. Air Force larger than a wing and smaller than an air force.
ձֶӣվƵλںϣն
Botany The highest taxonomic category, consisting of one or more related classes, and corresponding approximately to a phylum in zoological classification.See table at taxonomy 
ֲѧ ţֲһɣ붯еŴ¶Ӧμ taxonomy
A category created for purposes of competition, as in boxing.
ĿΪĿĶֵļȭ
Variance of opinion; disagreement.
磬ͣͬ
A splitting into factions; disunion.
ѣ룺ֳɱ𣻲Ž
The physical separation and regrouping of members of a parliament according to their stand on an issue put to vote.
Աĳ᰸ı̬ȶĻֻ
Mathematics The operation of determining how many times one quantity is contained in another; the inverse of multiplication.
ѧ ȷĳһļ㣻˷෴
Biology Cell division.
ѧ ϸ
A type of propagation characteristic of plants that spread by means of newly formed parts such as bulbs, suckers, or rhizomes.
ֲŴַͣʽֲֳﷱֳͣ򾥡֦
?
Middle English divisioun 
йӢ divisioun 
from Old French division 
Դ ŷ division 
from Latin doosi?}  dovosi?n- 
Դ  doosi?}  dovosi?n- 
from doosus} [past participle of] dovidere [to divide] * see  divide 
Դ doosus}  [] dovidereĹȥִ [ֿ] *μ divide
?
divisional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
divorce
di.vorce
AHD:[d1-v?rs, -v?rs] 
D.J.[d!6v%8s, -6v*&rs]
K.K.[d!6v%rs, -6vors]
n.ʣ
The legal dissolution of a marriage.
飺ϷĻ
A complete or radical severance of closely connected things.
룺ϵ֮ȫĻ򼱾ķ
v.ʣ
di.vorced,di.vorc.ing,di.vorc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dissolve the marriage bond between.
ĻԼ
To end marriage with (one's spouse) by way of legal divorce.
͡飺루żͨо
To cut off; separate or disunite:
ʹ룺ʹ룻ʹѣ
an idea that was completely divorced from reality.See Synonyms at separate 
ȫʵʵ뷨μ separate
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To obtain a divorce.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin dom 
Դ  dom 
from doe [to divert] 
Դ doe [ת] 
variant of doe * see  divert 
 do *μ divert

= =
dizzy
diz.zy
AHD:[d1z?] 
D.J.[6d!zi8]
K.K.[6d!zi]
adj.ݴʣ
diz.zi.er,diz.zi.est 
Having a whirling sensation and a tendency to fall.See Synonyms at giddy 
ѣεģۻģеѣβҪˤĲμ giddy
Bewildered or confused.
ģͿ
Producing or tending to produce giddiness:
ʹѣģʹ˻ҪʹͷĿѣģ
a dizzy height.
ѣĸ߶
Caused by giddiness; reeling.
תģѣģת
Characterized by impulsive haste; very rapid:
ģѸٵģ
The American language had begun its dizzy onward march before the Revolution(H.L. Mencken)
սǰѿʼ˿ٷչ(H.L.)
Slang Scatterbrained or silly.
ٵ ûͷԵģɵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
diz.zied,diz.zy.ing,diz.zies 
To make dizzy.
ʹѣ
To confuse or bewilder.
ʹԻʹ˼
?
Middle English dusie, disi 
йӢ dusie, disi 
from Old English dysig [foolish] 
Դ Ӣ dysig [ɵ] 
?
dizzily
adv.ʣ
dizziness
n.ʣ
dizzyingly
adv.ʣ

= =
do
do 3
AHD:[d?] 
D.J.[du8]
K.K.[du]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
pl. dos 
A hairdo.
Ůӷ
?
do
.do
abbr.
 Dominican Republic [in Internet addresses] 
Dominican Republic[in Internet addresses] 
?
do
do 1
AHD:[d?] 
D.J.[du8]
K.K.[du]
v.ʣ
did[d1d] done[d?n] do.ing,does[d?z]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perform or execute:
лִУ
do one's assigned task; do a series of business deals.
ָ񣻽һϵн
To fulfill the requirements of:
ҪУ
did my duty at all times.
һֱҵ
To carry out; commit:

a crime that had been done on purpose.
ⷸµ
To produce, especially by creative effort:
رͨԵͶߣ
do a play on Broadway.
ڰϻһϷ
To play the part or role of in a creative production:
ݣڴԲƷаһɫĳã
did Elizabeth I in the film.
ӰƬɯһ
To mimic:
ģ£ģ£ѧӣ
doing the Southern voice, improvising it inventively as he goes along(William H. Pritchard)
߱ģϷ˵ĿŪͷ(H.)
To bring about; effect:
𣻲
Crying won't do any good now.
ڿ޲κ
To render; give:
裺
do equal justice to the opposing sides; do honor to one's family.
ƽԴʿĳ˵ļ¾
To put forth; exert:
ʹ֣
Do the best you can.

To attend to in such a way as to take care of or put in order:
һķʽʹĳ
did the bedrooms before the guests arrived.
ڿ˵֮ǰʰ
To prepare for further use especially by washing:
ָࣺͨϴԤʹã
did the dishes.
ϴ;
To set or style (the hair).
񣺰ʽͷ
To apply cosmetics to:
ױʩױƷڣ
did her face.
ϻױ
To have as an occupation or a profession:
ԡΪְҵ
Have you decided what you will do after graduate school?
оҵ֮Ҫʲô?
To work out by studying:
жͨѧϰɣ
do a homework assignment.
ɼͥҵ
Informal 
ʽ 
To travel (a specified distance):
ƶƶĳһض룩
do a mile in four minutes.
ķһӢ
To make a tour of; visit:
Σιۣ
[He]  did 15 countries of Western Europe in only a few days (R.W. Apple, Jr.)
[] ֻڼŷʮҡ (СR.W.ն)
To be sufficient in meeting the needs of; serve:
㹻㹻㡭֮裻Ӧ
This room will do us very nicely.
䷿ǵ
Informal To serve (a prison term).
ʽ ڣ
Slang To cheat; swindle:
ٵ ƭƭȡ
do a relative out of an inheritance.
ƭȡһŲ
Slang To take (drugs) illegally:
ٵ Ƿ
If you do drugs you are going to be in continual trouble(Jimmy Breslin)
鷳ںͷء(ס˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To behave or conduct oneself; act:
ֹ֣Ϊ
Do as I say and you won't get into trouble.
˵ȥ죬ǲ鷳
To get along; fare:
չУ
students who do well at school.
ѧϰõѧ
To carry on; manage:
Ӧˣ
We can very easily do without your interference.
ûĸǿɵؽȥ
To make good use of something because of need:
Ҫ
I could do with a nice hot bath.
úöϴˮ
To serve a specified purpose:
ܹ
This coat will do for another season.
һ
To be proper or fitting:
壺
Such behavior just won't do.
Ϊ
To take place; happen:
У
What's doing in London this time of year?
ÿʱ׶ضЩʲô?
Used as a substitute for an antecedent verb:
ǰĶʣ
worked as hard as everyone else did.
Ŭ
Used after another verb for emphasis:
ǿǰĶʣһ֮ʾǿ
Run quickly, do!
!
v.aux.ʣ
Used with the infinitive withoutto  in questions, negative statements, and inverted phrases: 
ʾ䡢񶨾͵װ䣺to Ĳʽãʾ䡢䡢װУ 
Do you understand? I did not sleep well. Little did we know what was in store for us.
㶮?û˯áǲǵʲô
Used as a means of emphasis:
ǿ
I do want to be sure. Do be still!
ȷʵ϶
n.ʣ
 do's  dos  
A statement of what should be done:
Ҫʲôµ
a list of the do's and don'ts of management.
гͲĹ
Informal An entertainment; a party:
ʽ ᣺֣罻ۻ᣺
attended a big do at the embassy.
μӴʹݾеʢۻ
Regional A commotion.
ġ ҡɧ
Chiefly British A swindle; a cheat.
Ӣ ƭƭȡ
Archaic Duty; deed.
 Σ¼
?
do by
To behave with respect to; deal with:
أĳ֣Դ
The children have done well by their aged parents.
ϵĸĸ
do for
To care or provide for; take care of.
չ
do in ٵ
To tire completely; exhaust:
ʹۣʹƣʹƣ
The marathon did me in.
ʹҾƣ
To kill.
ɱ
To ruin utterly:
ʹ׻
Huge losses on the stock market did many investors in.
дͶ˳׻
do up
To adorn or dress lavishly:
Ĵ磺û֦չ
The children were all done up in matching outfits.
Ƕϱװ
To wrap and tie (a package).

To fasten:
̶ۣ
do up the buttons on a dress.
·ϵť
do without
To manage in spite of a lack or absence:
ûСҲԣûĳ跨ɣ
There was no television on the island, but we soon learned to do without.
ûеӣɲǾӦ
?
do a disappearing actʽ
To vanish.
ʧ
do away with
To make an end of; eliminate.

To destroy; kill.
ٻɱ
do (one) proud
To act or perform in a way that gives cause for pride.
ɹȡóɾͣԺķʽ
do (one's) bit
To make an individual contribution toward an overall effort.
𣬾֣Ŀ˵Ĺ
do (one's) own thingٵ
To do what one does best or finds most enjoyable:
ֻϲ£
I get paid to try cases and to do my thing on trial(Bruce Cutler)
нٺӣչ۲š(³˹)
do or die
To exert supreme effort.
ƴɣɹ
?
Middle English don 
йӢ don 
from Old English d?n * see  dh?- 
Դ Ӣ d?n *μ dh?- 
?
do
do 2
AHD:[d?] 
D.J.[d*&]
K.K.[do]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
The first tone of the diatonic scale in solfeggio.
ࣺӳȫ׵ĵһ
?
Italian 
 
more singable replacement of ut * see  gamut 
 ut׸質ȡ *μ gamut

= =
dock
dock 1
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dKk]
K.K.[d$k]
n.Abbr. dk.ʣд dk.
The area of water between two piers or alongside a pier that receives a ship for loading, unloading, or repairs.
룺ͷ֮Ļͷˮݴװж
A pier; a wharf.
ͷͣ
Often docks A group of piers on a commercial waterfront that serve as a general landing area for ships or boats.
  docks ֻõҵۿϵһͷ
A platform at which trucks or trains load or unload cargo.
װж̨װжõվ̨
v.ʣ
docked,dock.ing,docks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To maneuver (a vessel or vehicle) into or next to a dock.
ʹͷʹֻͣͷ
Aerospace To couple (two or more spacecraft, for example) in space.
̫ѧ ʹռԽӣʹ̫մռԽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or come into a dock.
ͷ
?
Dutch dok 
 dok 
from Middle Dutch doc 
Դ йź doc 
from d?n [to go under water, dive] 
Դ d?n [Ǳˮ] 
?
dock
dock 2
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dKk]
K.K.[d$k]
n.ʣ
The solid or fleshy part of an animal's tail.
β͹ⲿ
The tail of an animal after it has been bobbed or clipped.
ﱻض̵̻β
v.tr.ﶯʣ
docked,dock.ing,docks 
To clip short or cut off (an animal's tail, for example).
̻ȥ綯βͣ
To deprive of a benefit or a part of one's wages, especially as a punishment:
۷ӹп۵һֻ۵棬ʾͷ
The company docks its employees for unauthorized absences.
˾ְԱ޶ȱڶ乤
To withhold or deduct a part from (one's salary or wages).
۳ĳˣ¹ʻнУ۵һ
?
Middle English dok 
йӢ dok 
?
dock
dock 3
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dKk]
K.K.[d$k]
n.ʣ
An enclosed place where the defendant stands or sits in a court of law.
ϯͥȦñվĵط
?
in the dock
On trial or under intense scrutiny.
л
?
Obsolete Flemish docke [cage] 
ѷϷâ docke [] 
?
dock
dock 4
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dKk]
K.K.[d$k]
n.ʣ
See  sorrel 1
μ  sorrel1 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English docce 
Դ Ӣ docce 

= =
doctor
doc.tor
AHD:[d?ktr] 
D.J.[6dKkt*]
K.K.[6d$kt+]
n.ʣ
A person, especially a physician, dentist, or veterinarian, trained in the healing arts and licensed to practice.
ҽܹѵִտҵҽˣڿҽҽҽ
A person who has earned the highest academic degree awarded by a college or university in a specified discipline.
ʿѧԺѧ䷢ĳһѧƵѧλ
A person awarded an honorary degree by a college or university.
ʿѧУѧ䷢ѧλ
Abbr. Dr.Used as a title and form of address for a person holding the degree of doctor.
д Dr.ʿӵвʿѧλ˵ĳƺ
Roman Catholic Church An eminent theologian.
̡ ѧңԺյѧ
A rig or device contrived for remedying an emergency situation or for doing a special task.
ҽ豸ִӦװ
Any of several brightly colored artificial flies used in fly fishing.
ٶӬɫ
v.ʣ
doc.tored,doc.tor.ing,doc.tors ʽ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Informal To give medical treatment to:
ʽ ҽƣΪβ
[He]  does more than practice medicine. He doctors people. There's a difference (Charles Kuralt)
 ִҵҽΪβǲͬĵط (˹)
To repair, especially in a makeshift manner; rig.
װ䣺ָʱõķʽװ
To falsify or change in such a way as to make favorable to oneself:
죺üĻıķĳ
doctored the evidence.
֤
To add ingredients so as to improve or conceal the taste, appearance, or quality of:
ӣͶԭӻءζۻ
doctor the soup with a dash of sherry.See Synonyms at adulterate 
ѩƲμ adulterate
To alter or modify for a specific end:
޸ģΣΪĳĿĶı޸ģ
doctored my standard speech for the small-town audience.
ҵı׼޸һԽС
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To practice medicine.
ҽ
?
Middle English [an expert, authority] 
йӢ [רңȨ] 
from Old French docteur 
Դ ŷ docteur 
from Latin doctor [teacher] 
Դ  doctor [ʦ] 
from doc?e [to teach] * see  dek- 
Դ doc?e [] *μ dek- 
?
doctoral
adj.ݴʣ
doctorly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
doctrine
doc.trine
AHD:[d?ktr1n] 
D.J.[6dKktr!n]
K.K.[6d$ktr!n]
n.ʣ
A principle or body of principles presented for acceptance or belief, as by a religious, political, scientific, or philosophic group; dogma.
壺ڽ̡λѧҪ˽ܻԭ
A rule or principle of law, especially when established by precedent.
ԭγɵķɵԭ
A statement of official government policy, especially in foreign affairs and military strategy.
⽻;²еĹٷ
Archaic Something taught; a teaching.
 ̵Ķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin doctroa 
Դ  doctroa 
from doctor [teacher] 
Դ doctor [ʦ] 
from doc?e [to teach] * see  dek- 
Դ doc?e [] *μ dek- 
?
doctrine,dogma,tenet
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a principle taught, advanced, or accepted, as by a group of philosophers: 
Щʹе˼ǣһȺѧҵȽڡܵԭ 
the legal doctrine of due process;
ɳԭ
church dogma;
ڽ̽壻
experimentation, one of the tenets of the physical sciences. 
ʵѧѧԭ 

= =
document
doc.u.ment
AHD:[d?ky-mnt] 
D.J.[6dKkj*m*nt]
K.K.[6d$kj*m*nt]
n.Abbr. doc.ʣд doc.
A written or printed paper that bears the original, official, or legal form of something and can be used to furnish decisive evidence or information.
ģļףԭʼġйĳµĹٷʽдӡıṩ֤ݻϢ
Something, such as a recording or a photograph, that can be used to furnish evidence or information.
֤֤ݣṩ֤ݻϢļ¼ƬĶ
A writing that contains information.
Ϣ
Something, especially a material substance such as a coin bearing a revealing symbol or mark, that serves as proof or evidence.
֤ܹΪ֤ݵĴԵķŻӡǵǮҵʵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
doc.u.ment.ed,doc.u.ment.ing,doc.u.ments[-mnt]  
To furnish with a document or documents.
Ϊṩ֤ṩļ
To support (an assertion or a claim, for example) with evidence or decisive information.
֤֤ݻԵϢ֧֣Իȣ
To support (statements in a book, for example) with written references or citations; annotate.
Ϊȣòοϻĵ֧֣Ϊע⣬ע
?
Middle English [precept] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin documentum [example, proof] 
Դ  documentum [ӣ֤] 
from doc?e [to teach] * see  dek- 
Դ doc?e [] *μ dek- 
?
documental
AHD:[-mntl] ݴʣ
documenter
n.ʣ

= =
dog
dog
AHD:[d?g, d?g] 
D.J.[d%8g, dKg]
K.K.[d%g, d$g]
n.ʣ
A domesticated carnivorous mammal(Canis familiaris)  related to the foxes and wolves and raised in a wide variety of breeds. 
ȮꡢǽԵļʳⲸ鶯Ȯ Ȯƣ Ʒַ 
Any of various carnivorous mammals of the family Canidae, such as the dingo.
ҰȮȮƵĸʳ⶯ҰȮ
A male animal of the family Canidae, especially of the fox or a domesticated breed.
ޣȮޣںͼȮ
Any of various other animals, such as the prairie dog.
ȮȮԭȮ
Informal 
ʽ 
A person:
һ
You won, you lucky dog.
Ӯˣõļһ
A person regarded as contemptible:
Сˣ
You stole my watch, you dog.
͵ҵֱС
Slang 
ٵ 
A person regarded as unattractive or uninteresting.
Ȥˣˣ
A hopelessly inferior product or creation:
Ż޿ɾҩĴƷ͵ȴ⣺
The President had read the speech to some of his friends and they told him it was a dog(John P. Roche)
ͳһЩѶǷݽ壬˵Ǹŵı桱(ԼP.)
dogs Slang The feet.
 dogs ٵ 
See  andiron 
μ  andiron
Slang A hot dog; a wiener.
ٵ ȹȹ㳦
Any of various hooked or U-shaped metallic devices used for gripping or holding heavy objects.
ͷмܣץĹ״Uͽװ
Astronomy A sun dog.
ѧ 칷
adv.ʣ
Totally; completely. Often used in combination:
ȫأأȫءã
dog-tired.
ƣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dogged,dog.ging,dogs 
To track or trail persistently:
棺һֱ٣β棺
A stranger then is still dogging us(Arthur Conan Doyle)
һİڸǡ(ɪϡ)
To hold or fasten with a mechanical device:
סûеץ̶
Watertight doors and hatches were dropped into place and dogged down to give the ship full watertight integrity(Tom Clancy)
·ˮźͲոǲץ߹̶ȷյˮ(ķ)
?
dog itٵ
To fail to expend the required effort to do or accomplish something.
أӱܹѱҪȥĳ
go to the dogs
To go to ruin; degenerate.
𣻶
put on the dogʽ
To make an ostentatious display of elegance, wealth, or culture.
װģװ˹ġǮĻ
?
Middle English dogge 
йӢ dogge 
from Old English docga 
Դ Ӣ docga 

= =
dollar
dol.lar
AHD:[d?lr] 
D.J.[6dKl*]
K.K.[6d$l+]
n.Abbr. dol.ʣд dol.
A basic unit of currency in Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Kiribai, Liberia, Nauru, New Zealand, 
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, United States, and Zimbabwe.See table at currency 
ԪĴǡ͹ͰͶ˹ȡô󡢿Ⱥӡ쳼áɴɡӡݡǡ³ʥ¬ǡʥɭغ
ɶ˹¼¡ȺɴͶ͸硢ͼ¬ͽͲΤȹһλμ currency
A coin or note worth one dollar.
һԪǮֵһԪӲһֽ
?
Low German Daler [taler] 
͵ص Daler [̩] 
from German Taler 
Դ  Taler 
short for Joachimstaler 
 Joachimstalerļд 
after Joachimstal  (Jchymov), a town of northeast Czechoslovakia where similar coins were first minted 
Դ Ī Ī򣩣״ƻҵĽݿ˹工˶ 

= =
domain
do.main
AHD:[d?-m3n] 
D.J.[d*&6me!n]
K.K.[do6men]
n.ʣ
A territory over which rule or control is exercised.
ͳλƵ
A sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field:
򣺻˼롢ܵ򣻷Χ
the domain of history.See Synonyms at field 
ʷμ field
Physics Any of numerous contiguous regions in a ferromagnetic material in which the direction of spontaneous magnetization is uniform and different from that in neighboring regions.
ѧ ųԷŻһ¶ԷŻͬһֽ
Law 
ɡ 
The land of one with paramount title and absolute ownership.
ȨȨ
Public domain.

Mathematics 
ѧ 
The set of all possible values of an independent variable of a function.
򣺺Աпֵļ
An open connected set that contains at least one point.
ٺһĿͨ
?
French domaine 
 domaine 
blend of Old French demaine  from Late Latin dominicum 
 ŷ demaine  Դ  dominicum 
Latin dominium [property] 
 dominium [Ʋ] 
both from dominus [lord] * see  dem- 
Դ dominus [ү] *μ dem- 

= =
dome
dome
AHD:[d?m] 
D.J.[d*&m]
K.K.[dom]
n.ʣ
A hemispherical roof or vault.
Բݶ򹰶
A structure or other object resembling such a hemispherical roof or vault.
¡ṹ¡ԲݶĽṹ
Slang The human head.
ٵ Դ
Chemistry A form of crystal with two similarly inclined faces that meet at an edge parallel to the horizontal axis.
ѧ 棺бȻͬˮƽƽеһʽ
Archaic A large, stately building.
 ãΰĽ
v.ʣ
domed,dom.ing,domes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with or as if with a hemispherical roof or vault.
񷶥״
To shape like such a roof or vault.
ʹ񷶥״
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise or swell into the shape of a hemispherical roof or vault.
¡񷶥
?
From French d?me [dome, cathedral]  from Italian duomo [cathedral]  from Latin domus [house] * see  dem- 
Դ  d?me [񷶥]  Դ  duomo []  Դ  domus [] *μ dem- 
and from French d?me [roof]  from Proven?al doma  from Greek d?a [house] * see  dem- 
Դ  d?me [ݶ]  Դ ˹ doma  Դ ϣ d?a [] *μ dem- 

= =
domestic
do.mes.tic
AHD:[d-mst1k] 
D.J.[d*6mest!k]
K.K.[d*6mWst!k]
adj.Abbr. dom.ݴʣд dom.
Of or relating to the family or household:
ͥģҵģͥģģõģ
domestic chores.
ͥ
Fond of home life and household affairs.
ҵģҵĺϲµ
Tame or domesticated. Used of animals.
ѱġڶ
Of or relating to a country's internal affairs:
ģڵģ
domestic issues such as tax rates and highway construction.
˰ʺ͹·ȹ
Produced in or indigenous to a particular country:
ģģ
domestic oil; domestic wine.
ͣ
n.Abbr. dom.ʣд dom.
A household servant.
Ӷ
Cotton cloth.
޲
Often domestics Household linens.
  domestics ֯
A product or substance discovered in, developed in, or exported from a particular country.
ĳ֡ĳڵĲƷƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French domestique 
Դ ŷ domestique 
from Latin domesticus 
Դ  domesticus 
from domus [house] * see  dem- 
Դ domus [ң] *μ dem- 
?
domestically
adv.ʣ

= =
dominant
dom.i.nant
AHD:[d?m-nnt] 
D.J.[6dKm*n*nt]
K.K.[6d$m*n*nt]
adj.Abbr. dom.ݴʣд dom.
Exercising the most influence or control.
֧ģӰĻ֧
Most prominent, as in position; ascendant.
Ƶģλͻģ
Genetics Of, relating to, or being an allele that produces the same phenotypic effect whether inherited with a homozygous or heterozygous allele.
Ŵѧ ԵģŴϵλϵλ򶼲ͬͽĵλ
Ecology Of, relating to, or being a species that is most characteristic of an ecological community and usually determines the presence, abundance, and type of other species.
̬ѧ ֵģĳ̬ȺеֵܹĴڡֳй͵ֵ
Music Relating to or based on the fifth tone of a diatonic scale.
֡ ģȻ׵ĵػԴΪ
n.Abbr. dom.ʣд dom.
Genetics A dominant allele or trait.
Ŵѧ ԣԻ״
Ecology A dominant species.
̬ѧ 
Music The fifth tone of a diatonic scale.
֡ ׵ĵ
?
Middle English dominaunt 
йӢ dominaunt 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin domin3s  dominant- [present participle of] domin3ro [to dominate] * see  dominate 
Դ  domin3s  dominant-  [] domin3roڷִ [֧] *μ dominate
?
dominantly
adv.ʣ
?
dominant,predominant,preponderant,paramount,preeminent
These adjectives mean surpassing all others in power, influence, or position.
Щݴʵ˼ָӰλ泬һС
 Dominant   applies to what exercises principal control or authority or is unmistakably ascendant: 
 Dominant  ָʹͳλȨ߾޿ɵƵģ 
The Soviet Union is the dominant nation of Eastern Europe.
ǶŷҪҡ
Predominant  is often nearly identical withdominant   but more often implies being uppermost at a particular time or for the time being: 
Predominant  dominant ȫͬ Ǹĳһʱʱϵ˼ 
Egrets, gulls and small mammals are the predominant wildlife on the island these days (Dan McCoubrey).
ءŸС鶯Щ˵ϵҪҰ ˿ף
 Preponderant  implies superiority as the result of outweighing or outnumbering all others: 
 Preponderant  ΪҪԻϳ˼ 
"No big modern war has been won without preponderant sea power" (Samuel Eliot Morison).
ûĴشִսռƵĺȡʤġ ѶءĪɭ
 Paramount  means first in importance, rank, or regard: 
 Paramount  ָҪԡעⷽĵһ 
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union" (Abraham Lincoln).
ⳡҵҪĿͳһ ǲֿϣ
 Preeminent  especially suggests generally recognized supremacy: 
 Preeminent  ָ㷺Ͽɵƣ 
He is the preeminent tenor of the modern era. 
ִܳи 

= =
dominate
dom.i.nate
AHD:[d?m-n3t] 
D.J.[6dKm*7ne!t]
K.K.[6d$m*7net]
v.ʣ
dom.i.nat.ed,dom.i.nat.ing,dom.i.nates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To control, govern, or rule by superior authority or power:
֧䣺Ȩơ֧ͳΣ
Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
ɹ쵼ȿ¼ºӦ
To exert a supreme, guiding influence on or over:
ʩӣʩӾԡӰڣ
Ambition dominated their lives.
ǵҰʹ
To enjoy a commanding, controlling position in:
ռ֧λڡռҪ֧λ
a drug company that dominates the tranquilizer market.
ռ򾲼гҩ˾
To overlook from a height:
ӣ
a view from the cliffside chalet that dominates the valley.
ܸɽȵϵũķ羰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or exert strong authority or mastery.
ӵȨӵлʩȨͳ
To be situated in or occupy a position that is more elevated or decidedly superior to others.
ڸߵĵλڻռбȱ˸߻ϵĵλ
?
Latin domin3o}  domin3t- [to rule] 
 domin3o}  domin3t- [ͳ] 
from dominus [lord] * see  dem- 
Դ dominus [ү] *μ dem- 
?
dominative
adj.ݴʣ
dominator
n.ʣ

= =
donate
do.nate
AHD:[d?n3t, d?-n3t] 
D.J.[6d*&7ne!t, d*&6ne!t]
K.K.[6do7net, do6net]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
do.nat.ed,do.nat.ing,do.nates 
To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute.
Ϊĳһҵ
?
Back-formation from donation 
Դ donation湹
?
donator
n.ʣ

= =
donkey
don.key
AHD:[d?ngk?, d?ng-, d?ng-] 
D.J.[6dK0ki8, 6dJ0-, 6d%80-]
K.K.[6d$0ki, 6dJ0-, 6d%0-]
n.ʣ
 don.keys 
The domesticated ass(Equus asinus).  
¿¿   
Slang An obstinate person.
ٵ ִ
Slang A stupid person.
ٵ 
?
Perhaps from the name Duncan 
Դ Duncan 
or [of imitative origin] 
 [̬Դ] 

= =
doom
doom
AHD:[d?m] 
D.J.[du8m]
K.K.[dum]
n.ʣ
A decision or judgment, especially an official condemnation to a severe penalty.
оָٷشо
Fate, especially a tragic or ruinous one.
ˣˣָ˻
Inevitable destruction or ruin.
ɱƻ
Judgment Day.

A statute or ordinance, especially one in force in Anglo-Saxon England.
棺ָ³-ѷʱЧķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
doomed,doom.ing,dooms 
To condemn to ruination or death.See Synonyms at condemn 
ʹСμ condemn
To destine to an unhappy end.
עҪɲĽ
?
Middle English dom 
йӢ dom 
from Old English d?m [judgment] * see  dh?- 
Դ Ӣ d?m [] *μ dh?- 

= =
door
door
AHD:[d?r, d?r] 
D.J.[d%8, d*&r]
K.K.[d%r, dor]
n.ʣ
A movable structure used to close off an entrance, typically consisting of a panel that swings on hinges or that slides or rotates.
ţһڹرڻװã͵һнתΪʽΪתʽ
A similar part on a piece of furniture or a vehicle.
ŵװãҾϵƲ
A doorway.
ſڣڣŵ
The room or building to which a door belongs:
䣺ţ
They live three doors down the hall.
סȥĵ
A means of approach or access:
;;
looking for the door to success.
Ѱҳɹ;
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a door chain; a door handle.
Ű
v.tr.ﶯʣ
doored,door.ing,doors 
Slang To strike (a passing bicyclist, for example) by suddenly opening a vehicular door.
ٵ ͻȻײͻȻ򿪳ײ·гߵȣ
To serve as a doorman or doorwoman of (a nightclub, for example).
ҹܻȣ
?
at (one's) door
Within one's sphere of accountability.
ְĳ˵ηΧ֮
close the door on 
shut the door on
To refuse to allow for the possibility of:
ܾʹûпܣ
The secretary of state closed the door on future negotiations.
ʹü̸޷
leave the door open
To allow for the possibility of:
ԣ
Let's leave the door open for future stylistic changes.
ǵÿǵıĿ
show (someone) the doorʽ
To eject (someone) from the premises.
ѣĳˣϳĳ
To terminate the employment of; fire.
ٹӶ
?
Middle English dor 
йӢ dor 
from Old English duru, dor * see  dhwer- 
Դ Ӣ duru, dor *μ dhwer- 
?
doorless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
dorm
dorm
AHD:[d?rm] 
D.J.[d%8m]
K.K.[d%rm]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A dormitory.


= =
dormitory
dor.mi.to.ry
AHD:[d?rm1-t?r?, -t?r?] 
D.J.[6d%8m!7t%8ri8, -7t*&ri8]
K.K.[6d%rm!7t%ri, -7tori]
n.ʣ
 dor.mi.to.ries 
A room providing sleeping quarters for a number of persons.
ңɹ˯Ĵ
A building for housing a number of persons, as at a school or resort.
᣺ѧУ羰ʤصȵΪṩס޵¥
A residential community whose inhabitants commute to a nearby metropolis for employment and recreation.
סլסլסڸĴڹ
?
Latin dormo?rium} 
 dormo?rium} 
from dormo?rius} [of sleep] 
Դ dormo?rius} [˯ߵ] 
from dormos [past participle of] dormore [to sleep] 
Դ dormos  [] dormoreĹȥִ [˯] 

= =
dose
dose
AHD:[d?s] 
D.J.[d*&s]
K.K.[dos]
n.Abbr. d.,D.ʣд d.,D.
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
A specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals.
һضƷҩҩһηûһڷõļ
The amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site.
߼Ϊƣָλʩõ߼
An ingredient added, especially to wine, to impart flavor or strength.
Ӽָӵȥһζ
Informal An amount, especially of something unpleasant, to which one is subjected:
ʽ ܣĳĲ£
a dose of hard luck.

Slang A venereal infection.
ٵ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dosed,dos.ing,dos.es 
To give (someone) a dose, as of medicine.
ãҩ
To give or prescribe (medicine) in specified amounts.
һһҩ
?
French 
 
from Late Latin dosis 
Դ  dosis 
from Greek dosis [something given] 
Դ ϣ dosis [Ķ] 
from didonai [to give] * see  d?- 
Դ didonai [] *μ d?- 
?
doser
n.ʣ

= =
dot
dot 1
AHD:[d?t] 
D.J.[dKt]
K.K.[d$t]
n.ʣ
A tiny round mark made by or as if by a pointed instrument; a spot.
㣺ɻмͷ߱ǵСԲ㣻
Such a mark used in orthography, as above ani.  
С㣺ַеС㣬i ϲ 
A tiny amount.

In Morse and similar codes, the short sound or signal used in combination with the dash and silent intervals to represent letters, numbers, or punctuation.
Ī˹㣺Ī˹ƵУóŽʾĸֻ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A decimal point.
С
A symbol of multiplication.
˺
Music A mark after a note indicating an increase in time value by half.
֡ ǣ㣺ıǣӰ
v.ʣ
dot.ted,dot.ting,dots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with a dot.
ǣԵ
To form or make with dots.
ߣõγɻ򹹳
To cover with or as if with dots:
׺ûõ㲼
Campfires, like red, peculiar blossoms, dotted the night(Stephen Crane)
ӪɫġµĻ׺źҹ(˹ٷҡ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a dot.
ӵ
?
on the dot 
at the dot
Exactly at the appointed time; punctual or punctually:
׼ʱָʱģ׼ʱĻ׼ʱأ
arrived at nine o'clock on the dot.
ھŵ׼ʱ
?
Middle English *dot 
йӢ *dot 
from Old English dott [head of a boil] 
Դ Ӣ dott [е] 
?
dotter
n.ʣ
?
dot
dot 2
AHD:[d?t, d?] 
D.J.[dKt, d*&]
K.K.[d$t, do]
n.ʣ
A woman's marriage portion; a dowry.
Ů˵ޣױ
?
French 
 
from Latin d?s  d?t- [dowry] * see  d?- 
Դ  d?s  d?t- [ױ] *μ d?- 
?
dotal
AHD:[d?tl] ݴʣ
?
DOT
DOT
abbr.
 Department of Transportation 
Department of Transportation

= =
double
dou.ble
AHD:[d?bl] 
D.J.[6dJb*l]
K.K.[6dJb*l]
adj.Abbr. dble.ݴʣд dble.
Twice as much in size, strength, number, or amount:
ģ˫ģСģ
a double dose.
ļ
Composed of two like parts:
˫ģͬɵ˫ģ
double doors.
˫
Composed of two unlike parts; dual:
˫صģͬɵģ˫صģ
a double meaning; a double role for an actor.
˫Ա˫ؽɫ
Accommodating or designed for two:
˫˵ģõģ˫˵ģ
a double bed; a double room.
˫˴˫˷
Characterized by duplicity; deceitful:
ʵģﲻһģαģ
speak with a double tongue.
˵ķ
Botany Having many more than the usual number of petals, usually in a crowded or an overlapping arrangement:
ֲѧ ذģͨӵĻ򷭾ʽжĻöģ
a double chrysanthemum.
ذջ
n.Abbr. dble.ʣд dble.
Something increased twofold.
ɱӵĶ
One that closely resembles another; a duplicate.
ߣһƵ˻
An actor's understudy.
Ա
An actor who takes the place of another actor in scenes requiring special skills or preparations:
ؼԱ
a stunt double; a body double.
ؼԱƵ
An apparition; a wraith.
飻
A sharp turn in a direction of movement; a reversal.
תһļת䣻ۻ
A sharp, often devious change in position or argument; a shift.
Ѹٸı۵ļġת䣻ת
doubles Sports A form of a game, such as tennis or handball, having two players on each side.
 doubles ˶ ˫Ϸÿ߶ѡֵ˫ʽƹ
Baseball See  two-base hit 
 μ  two-base hit
Games 
Ϸ 
A bid in bridge indicating strength to one's partner; a request for a bid.
˫ԼĽƣ
A bid doubling one's opponent's bid in bridge, thus increasing the penalty for failure to fulfill the contract.
ӱıڶԷƵĻϼӱ겻ɶԼʱӳͷ
A hand justifying such a bid.
ܽмӱĺ
v.ʣ
dou.bled,dou.bling,dou.bles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make twice as great.
ʹӱ
To be twice as much as:
ǡ
doubled the score of his opponent.
ֵ÷ֵ
To fold in two.
ѡ
To clench (one's fist).
սȭͷ
To duplicate; repeat.
ƣظ
To turn (an enemy spy) into a double agent.
ʹз񣩳Ϊ˫ؼ
Baseball 
 
To cause the scoring of (a run) by hitting a two-base hit.
Զݴ÷
To advance or score (a runner) by hitting a two-base hit.
ݰԶݰʹݻ÷
Baseball To put out (a runner) as the second part of a double play.
 ˫ɱʱɱڶλ
Games To challenge (an opponent's bid) with a double in bridge.
Ϸ мӱжԶԷƵķӱ
Music To duplicate (another part or voice) an octave higher or lower or in unison.
֡ ظڸ߻Ͱ˶ϻͬһظ
Nautical To sail around:
 ƣšУ
double a cape.
ᵽǺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be increased twofold:
Ϊ
The debt soon doubled.
ծ񲻾þһ
To turn sharply or all the way around; reverse one's course:
תתƻأأ
had to double back to touch the missed base.
תͷ
To serve in an additional capacity:
Σ
a frying pan that doubles as a pie tin; a conductor who doubles as a pianist.
ڱ̵ըٵָ
To replace an actor in the actor's absence or in a certain scene.
ݳԱʱĳԱݳ
Baseball To hit a two-base hit.
 ݰ
Games To announce a double in bridge.
Ϸ нмӱ
adv.ʣ
To twice the amount or extent; doubly:
أ̶ȣأ
paid double for the customized car.
˫ļǮƵĳ
Two together; in pairs:
˫˫أɶԵأ
sleeping double.
˯һŴ
In two:
԰أ
bent double.

?
double up
To bend suddenly, as in pain or laughter.
ʹЦ
To share accommodations meant for one person.
ͬһ
?
on the double 
at the double
Immediately.

In double time.
˫
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin duplus * see  dwo- 
Դ  duplus *μ dwo- 
?
doubleness
n.ʣ

= =
doubt
doubt
AHD:[dout] 
D.J.[da&t]
K.K.[da&t]
v.ʣ
doubt.ed,doubt.ing,doubts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be undecided or skeptical about:
ɣԡò׼ԡɣ
began to doubt some accepted doctrines.
ʼһЩϵĽ
To tend to disbelieve; distrust:
ţΣ
doubts politicians when they make sweeping statements.
ͺʵ
To regard as unlikely:
Ϊܣ
I doubt that we'll arrive on time.
Ϊǲܰʱ
Archaic To suspect; fear.
 룻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be undecided or skeptical.
ȷܿ϶
n.ʣ
A lack of certainty that often leads to irresolution.See Synonyms at uncertainty 
ɻȱٿ϶ԥμ uncertainty
A lack of trust.
ȱ
A point about which one is uncertain or skeptical:
ɵ㣺ȷ˻ɵһ㣺
reassured me by answering my doubts.
شҵɵҵ
The condition of being unsettled or unresolved:
δûнûо״
an outcome still in doubt.
δ
?
beyond doubt 
without doubt
Without question; certainly; definitely.
ɵأȷʵأ϶
no doubt
Certainly.
ȷʵ
Probably.
ܿ
?
Middle English douten 
йӢ douten 
from Old French douter 
Դ ŷ douter 
from Latin dubit3e [to waver] * see  dwo- 
Դ  dubit3e [ԥ] *μ dwo- 
?
doubter
n.ʣ
?
Doubt and doubtful may be followed by clauses introduced by that, whether,  or if.  The choice among these three is partly guided by the intended meaning of the sentencebut is not cast 
in stone. Whether  normally introduces an indirect questionand is therefore the traditional choice when the subject is in a state of genuine uncertainty about alternative possibilities: 
Doubt  doubtful Ը thatwhether  if ĴӾ䡣 ֮ѡһֵɾҪģ÷ǹ̶ġ Whether  һһ
ʾ䣬Եȷʵ֪ѡжʱͳϾøôʣ 
Sue has studied so much philosophy this year
ѧ˲ٹ
that she's begun to doubt whether she exists.
ʼԼǷˡ
At one time it was doubtful whether the company could recover from its financial difficulties, but the government loan seems to have helped. 
һʱ䣬˾ܷлָԪɣĴƺá 
On the other hand,that  is the choice when doubt  is being used as an understated way of expressing disbelief:  
doubt ͵ʾţΡ֮ʱ that   
I doubt that we've seen the last of that problem  (with the meaning I think we haven't seen the last . . . ). 
ҲȫǸ  ⼴ΪûǸ⣩ 
That is also the usual choice when the truth of the clause following doubt  is assumed, as in negative sentences and questions. ThusI never doubted for a minute that I would be 
rescued  implies I was certain that I would be rescued. By the same token,Do you doubt that you will be paid?  seems to pose a rhetorical question (Surely you believe that you 
will be paid), whereasDo you doubt whether you will be paid?  may express a genuine request for information and might be followed bybecause if you do, you should make the client 
post a bond.  In other cases, however, this distinction betweenwhether  and that  is not always observed, andthat  is frequently used as a substitute for whether. If   may also be used as 
a substitute forwhether  but is more informal in tone. In informal speech the clause followingdoubt  is sometimes introduced with but: I don't doubt but  (or but what ) he will come.  
Reputable precedent exists for this construction,as inI do not doubt but England is at present as polite a Nation as any in the World  (Richard Steele),but modern critics sometimes 
object to its use in formal writing.See Usage Note at but ,if 
ڷ񶨾估ʾеdoubt ĴӾΪʱ that  ҴӲһᱻ ˼ǡȷһþȡ ͬ㻳˼һ ƺͳһ
ʾ䣨㵱Ȼ˼Ҳˡ 㻳˼Ƿ񸶿 ͱʾһϵѯʣ ܽ˵Ϊ㻳ɵĻ͸ù˿͸֤  £
whether  that 𲢲ԣ that  whether If  Ҳwhether  ʽڷʽdoubt ĴӾʱ butI don't 
doubt but  but what ) he will come  ֽṹ淶÷硰ҲĿǰӢһ֮  ¡˹ٶִۼʱ
ʽʹòμ but,if

= =
doubtful
doubt.ful
AHD:[doutfl] 
D.J.[6da&tf*l]
K.K.[6da&tf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Subject to or causing doubt:
ɵģ˻ɵģ
a doubtful claim; doubtful prospects.
˻ɵⰸ˿ɵǰ
Experiencing or showing doubt:
ɻģɵģ
Doubtful that the cord would hold, we strengthened it.
²֧ţʹһ
Of uncertain outcome; undecided.
ȷģδģδ
Raising doubts as to legitimacy, honesty, or respectability; suspicious:
ɵģϷԡʵԻģɿģ
the candidate's doubtful past.See Usage Note at doubt 
λѡ˹ȥɲμ doubt
?
doubtfully
adv.ʣ
doubtfulness
n.ʣ
?
doubtful,dubious,questionable
These adjectives express a degree of uncertainty or reservation about someone or something.
Щݴʶʾȷĳ̶Ȼĳˡĳµ顣
 Doubtful  suggests pronounced lack of certainty: 
 Doubtful  ʾԵĲȷԣ 
It is doubtful whether she will be admitted to graduate school.
ܷоܿɡ
He is an author of doubtful reputation.
һλ̫õҡ
Dubious   expresses uncertainty less directly and less forcefully;often it suggests hesitancy, suspicion, or mistrust: 
Dubious  ʾĲȷԲôֱӺͲôǿͨԥɡε˼ 
dubious about agreeing to go;
ɲͬ⻹ǲͬȥ
a painting of dubious value.
ֵû϶Ļ
Questionable  can mean merely open to question ( 
Questionable  ˼ǡֵʵġ 
Whether this is true is questionable); often, however, it implies dubious morality, respectability, or propriety: 
ǲĵ⣩ Ȼָͨ¡Ϊȵ⣺ 
questionable dealings;
ɵΪ
a questionable stockbroker. 
ĹƱ 

= =
doubtless
doubt.less
AHD:[doutl1s] 
D.J.[6da&tl!s]
K.K.[6da&tl!s]
adv.ʣ
Certainly:
ɵأ϶أ
The wind was doubtless a factor.
ɵأһ
Presumably; probably:
ٶأܿܵأ
as you doubtless already know.
֪ܿ
adj.ݴʣ
Certain; assured.
ɵģ϶
?
doubtlessly
adv.ʣ

= =
down
down 1
AHD:[doun] 
D.J.[da&n]
K.K.[da&n]
adv.Abbr. dn.ʣд dn.
From a higher to a lower place or position:
£һϸߵĵصλõһϵ׵㣺
hiked down from the peak.
ɽͽ
Toward, to, or on the ground, floor, or bottom:
ڵذ壬ڵײϡذϻײϡذϻײڵϡذϻײ
tripped and fell down.
ڵ
In or into a sitting or reclining position:
££ڻһŻбλã
knelt down; lying down.
£
Toward or in the south; southward:
ϣϷϷģ
flew down to Florida.
Ϸ
Away from a place considered central or a center of activity, such as a city or town:
Զȥ뿪ģл
down on the farm; sent down to work at the firm's regional office.
ũֹ˾
Away from the present place.
Ŀǰĵط뿪
To a specific location or source:
׷Դ
tracking a rumor down.
˳ϲҥԴ
Toward or at a low or lower point on a scale:
ʹ߶ɸߵͻڽϵλã
from the biggest down to the smallest.
һֱС
To or in a quiescent or subdued state:
ͻڻƽ˳ӵ״̬
calmed down.
侲
In or into an inactive or inoperative state:
ֹڻ벻Ծת״̬
The generators went down at midnight.
ҹ﷢ͣ
To or at a lower intensity.
ģǿǿ
To or into a lower or inferior condition, as of subjection, defeat, or disgrace.
µأڻͻ״糼ʧܻ
To an extreme degree; heavily:
ȵأصأ
worn down by worry.

Seriously or vigorously:
أǿأ
get down to the project at hand.
ֱߵĹ
From earlier times or people:
ڵأϴأ
tradition handed down from one generation to the next.
ഫĴͳ
To a reduced or concentrated form:
ѹɷɢ伯У
pared the term paper down to five pages.
ѧΪҳ
In writing; on paper:
д£棺
wrote the statement down.
һ
In partial payment at the time of purchase:
ָָʽ
put ten dollars down on the necklace.
ָʰԪ
Into or toward a secure position:
ι̵أһȫλã
nailed down the boards; bolted the furniture down.
ľ嶤ΣѼҾ˩
adj.Abbr. dn.ݴʣд dn.
Moving or directed downward:
µģµĻеģ
a down elevator.
µĵ
Low or lower:
ģ͵Ļϵ͵ģ
Stock prices were down today.
ɼ۴
Reduced; diminished:
ģٵģ
The wind is down.

Afflicted; sick:
ģģ
She's down with a bad cold.
ظð
Malfunctioning or not operating, especially temporarily:
ϵģָʱͣĻϵģ
The computer is down.
Գ
Low in spirits; depressed:
ģɥģ
feeling down today.
Ʋ
Sports Games Trailing an opponent:
˶ Ϸ ڶԷģ
a team down 20 points in the last quarter; down two pawns in the endgame.
һڱԷ20ֵӣо
Football Not in play:
 ģģ
The ball is down on the 50-yard line.
ʮߴ˽
Baseball Retired; out:
 ɱֵģֵģ
two down in the last of the ninth.
ڵھžճʱ˳
Completed; done:
ɵģģ
three down, two to go.
û
Learned or known perfectly:
ȫյģ
had the algebra problems down.
ͨ
prep.ʣ
In a descending direction along, upon, into, or through:
¶ˣ£
rolled down the hill; floating down the river; went down cellar.
ɽ˳£ȥ
Along the course of:
أ
walking down the street.
ؽȥ
In or at:
ڡڡ
The cans are stored down cellar.
ͷڵؽ
n.Abbr. dn.ʣд dn.
A downward movement; descent.
µ˶½
Football Any of a series of four plays during which a team must advance at least ten yards to retain possession of the ball.
 赲ʮԱڶԷĴ赲ǰƽ10н
v.ʣ
downed,down.ing,downs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring, put, strike, or throw down:

downed his opponent in the first round.
һغл
To swallow hastily; gulp:
ٵ̣̻ʣ
downed the glass of water.
һһˮ
Football To put (the ball) out of play by touching it to the ground.
 ʹʹɽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or come down; descend.
½
?
down in the mouth 
down at the mouth
Discouraged; sad; dejected.
ͷɥģ˵ģɥ
down on
Informal Hostile or negative toward; ill-disposed to:
ʽ жԣϲ
was down on jogging after his injury.
֮Ͳϲ
down on (one's) luck
Afflicted by misfortune.
˵أʵأڲҶܶ˵ĥ
?
Middle English doun 
йӢ doun 
from Old English -d?- 
Դ Ӣ -d?- 
as in ofd?e [downwards] 
 ofd?e [] 
from d?e [dative of] d?n [hill] * see  dh?-no- 
Դ d?e  [] d?n [ɽ] *μ dh?-no- 
?
down
down 2
AHD:[doun] 
D.J.[da&n]
K.K.[da&n]
n.ʣ
Fine, soft, fluffy feathers forming the first plumage of a young bird and underlying the contour feathers in certain adult birds.
ëʱȫëϸëĳЩµϸë
Botany A covering of soft, short hairs, as on some leaves or fruit.
ֲѧ ëҶӻˮȱ渲ǵĶëëë
A soft, silky, or feathery substance, such as the first growth of a human beard.
ë״һ˿ʻë״ʣ˳γĺ
?
Middle English doun 
йӢ doun 
from Old Norse d?n 
Դ ˹ά d?n 
?
down
down 3
AHD:[doun] 
D.J.[da&n]
K.K.[da&n]
n.ʣ
Often downs An expanse of rolling, grassy, treeless upland used for grazing.
  downs ꣺õвĿߵ
Often Down Any of several breeds of sheep having short wool, originally bred in the Downs of southern England.
  Down жëļԴӢϲ
?
Middle English doune 
йӢ doune 
from Old English d?n * see  dh?-no- 
Դ Ӣ d?n *μ dh?-no- 

= =
downstairs
down.stairs
AHD:[dounstarz] 
D.J.[6da&n6ste*z]
K.K.[6da&n6stWrz]
adv.ʣ
Down the stairs:
˳¥ݶ£
raced my friend downstairs.
¥׷
To or on a lower floor:
¥»¥£
went downstairs to answer the front door.
¥ȥǰ
adj.also ݴʣ Ҳ 
downstair
AHD:[-star] [dounstarz] 
Located on a lower or main floor.
ڵͲ¥¥
n.ʣ
AHD:[dounstarz] 뵥ã
The lower or main floor.
Ͳ¥¥

= =
downward
down.ward
AHD:[dounwrd] 
D.J.[6da&nw*d]
K.K.[6da&nw*d]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
From a higher to a lower place, point, level, or condition:
µģµģָλá㡢ƽɸߴʹ
floating downward; a downward trend.
Ư½
From a prior source or earlier time:
£һǰԴʱģ
passed downward through the ages.
һ
?
downwardly
adv.ʣ
downwards
adv.ʣ

= =
dozen
doz.en
AHD:[d?zn] 
D.J.[6dJz*n]
K.K.[6dJz*n]
n.Abbr. doz.,dz.ʣд doz.,dz.
pl. dozen A set of 12.
 dozen ʮļ
dozens An indefinite, large number:
 dozens ȷĴģ
dozens of errands to run.
ҪȵĲ
adj.ݴʣ
Twelve.
ʮ
?
Middle English dozeine 
йӢ dozeine 
from Old French dozaine 
Դ ŷ dozaine 
from doze [twelve] 
Դ doze [ʮ] 
ultimately from Latin duodecim 
Դ  duodecim 
duo [two] * see  dwo- 
duo [] *μ dwo- 
decem [ten] * see  dek? 
decem [ʮ] *μ dek? 
?
dozenth
AHD:[-nth] ݴʣ

= =
draft
draft
AHD:[dr2ft] 
D.J.[dr#ft]
K.K.[dr#ft]
n.Abbr. dft.ʣд dft.
A current of air in an enclosed area.
տռе
A device that regulates the flow or circulation of air.
װãڿѭװ
The act of pulling loads; traction.
ק϶װΪǣ
Something that is pulled or drawn; a load.
϶Ķװ
A team of animals used to pull loads.
Ⱥ飺һȺ
Nautical The depth of a vessel's keel below the water line, especially when loaded:
 ˮȣڳˮµȣָأʱĳˮȣ
a river vessel of shallow draft.
ˮǳĺӴ
A heavy demand on resources.
ǿ󣺶Դǿ
A written order directing the payment of money from an account or fund.
ָʾֱӴӻͷ𸶿
A gulp, a swallow, or an inhalation.
̡
The amount taken in by a single act of drinking or inhaling.
һζ
A measured portion; a dose.
һһ
The drawing of a liquid, as from a cask or keg.
ȡȡҺ壬Ͱ
An amount drawn:
ȡҺ
ordered two drafts of ale.
ѿ
The process or method of selecting one or more individuals from a group, as for a service or duty:
ѡѡһ˻еĳְַķ̣
a candidate who did not pursue the nomination, but accepted a draft by the party convention.
һλıܵĻٵĺѡ
Compulsory enrollment in the armed forces; conscription.
ӵ۵ע᣻
A body of people selected or conscripted.
ѡٷ۵һȺ
Sports A system in which the exclusive rights to new players are distributed among professional teams.
˶ ѡ¶ԱȨƶȣְҵ֮˶ԱרȨһƶ
The act of drawing in a fishnet.

The quantity of fish caught.

A preliminary outline of a plan, document, or picture:
ݸ壺ƻļͼĳݰ
the first draft of a report.
һݱĳ
A representation of something to be constructed.
ĳֶı
A narrow line chiseled on a stone to guide a stonecutter in leveling its surface.
ߣʯͷϿµʯĥƽխ
A slight taper given a die to facilitate the removal of a casting.
תӣǶģϵϸʹױи
An allowance made for loss in weight of merchandise.
ۼۣƷۿ
v.ʣ
draft.ed,draft.ing,drafts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To select from a group for some usually compulsory service:
ѡΣΪĳ֣ͨԵķһȺѡΣ
drafted into the army.

To draw up a preliminary version of or plan for.
ݣΪƶݰƻ
To create by thinking and writing; compose:
壺ͨ˼д죻
draft a speech.
һݽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drive close behind another vehicle to take advantage of the reduced air pressure in its wake.
βƣһĺԱβﱻĿѹ
adj.ݴʣ
Suited for or used for drawing heavy loads:
ڻǣģ
oxen and other draft animals.
ţǣĶ
Drawn from a cask or tap:
ľͰͰмģ
draft beer.
ơ
?
on draft
Drawn from a large container, such as a keg.
ɢװģֱӼȡģһмȡģͰ
?
Middle English draught [act of drawing or pulling] 
йӢ draught [ϻΪ] 
from Old English *dreaht ; akin to  dragan [to draw] 
Դ Ӣ *dreaht   dragan [] 

= =
drag
drag
AHD:[dr2g] 
D.J.[dr#g]
K.K.[dr#g]
v.ʣ
dragged,drag.ging,drags 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull along with difficulty or effort; haul:
ϣѻǰҷ
dragged the heavy box out of the way.See Synonyms at pull 
·ϿصĺӲμ pull
To cause to trail along a surface, especially the ground.
ϵضУƽ棬رǵ϶
To move or bring by force or with great effort:
ʹǿȣǿȻƶ
had to drag me to the dentist; dragged the truth out of the reluctant witness.
òӲȥҽʹԸĿ߽ʵ
To search or sweep the bottom of (a body of water), as with a grappling hook or dragnet.
Ѱץˮ׽Ѱ
To bring up or catch by such means.
̣ô˷ʽ̵򲶵
To prolong tediously:
崣ζؽУ
dragged the story out.

Baseball To hit (a bunt) while taking the first steps toward first base.
 ܣȫʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To trail along the ground:
ص϶
The dog's leash dragged on the sidewalk.
е˩ƤĹ
To move slowly or with effort.
ƶ
To lag behind.
ں
To pass or proceed slowly, tediously, or laboriously:
ǰضɹУ
The time dragged as we waited.
ǵȴţʱ仺߹ȥ
To search or dredge the bottom of a body of water:
̣Ѱ迣ˮף
dragging for the sunken craft.
̳
To take part in or as if in a drag race.
μμӻڽ
To draw on a cigarette, pipe, or cigar.
ȼ̶̡ѩ
n.ʣ
The act of dragging.
ϣҷΪ
Something, such as a harrow or an implement for spreading manure, that is dragged along the ground.
ũߣ֮һʩ
A device, such as a grappling hook, that is used for dragging under water.
ߣˮѰ̻迣豸繳ê
A heavy sledge or cart for hauling loads.
ϳĴ˻
A large four-horse coach with seats inside and on top.
ִڲͶλļ
Something, such as a sea anchor or a brake on a fishing reel, that retards motion.
êƶ纣êͲϵƶ
One that impedes or slows progress; a drawback or burden:
谭̵ƣ׸
the drag of taxation on economic growth.
˰նԾ谭
The degree of resistance involved in dragging or hauling.
Ħĳ̶
The retarding force exerted on a moving body by a fluid medium such as air or water.
ʣˮƶʩӵ
A slow, laborious motion or movement.
жн
The scent or trail of a fox or another animal.
ζζټ
Something that provides an artificial scent.
˹ζĶ
Slang One that is obnoxiously tiresome:
ٵ ĵ£˻£
The evening was a real drag.
ҹʵ
A puff on a cigarette, pipe, or cigar.
̶̡ѩѵһ
Slang A street or road:
ٵ ·ֵ·
the town's main drag.
ϵҪֵ
The clothing characteristic of one sex when worn by a member of the opposite sex:
аŮװŮװķΣ
an actor in drag.
аŮװԱ
?
drag (one's) feet 
drag (one's) heels
To act or work with intentional slowness; delay:
ӣжлӻ
The bureaucracy has been known to drag its feet in implementing directives with which it disagrees(Henry A. Kissinger)
ִָʾʱǳġ(A.)
?
Middle English draggen 
йӢ draggen 
from Old Norse draga 
Դ ˹ά draga 
or variant of Middle English drawen * see  draw 
 йӢ drawenı *μ draw

= =
dragon
drag.on
AHD:[dr2gn] 
D.J.[6dr#g*n]
K.K.[6dr#g*n]
n.ʣ
A mythical monster traditionally represented as a gigantic reptile having a lion's claws, the tail of a serpent, wings, and a scaly skin.
һִ˵еĹһ㱻ʨצβ򼰴۵Ƥ
A fiercely vigilant or intractable person.
ܾˣ൱Լ
Something very formidable or dangerous.
»ΣյĶ
Any of various lizards, such as the Komodo dragon or the flying lizard.
棺еһ֣
Archaic A large snake or serpent.
 ߣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin drac?}  drac?n- [large serpent] 
Դ  drac?}  drac?n- [] 
from Greek drak?n 
Դ ϣ drak?n 
perhaps from derkesthai [to look] 
Դ derkesthai [] 
?
Dragon
Drag.on
AHD:[dr2gn] 
D.J.[6dr#g*n]
K.K.[6dr#g*n]
n.ʣ
See  Draco 2
μ  Draco2

= =
drain
drain
AHD:[dr3n] 
D.J.[dre!n]
K.K.[dren]
v.ʣ
drained,drain.ing,drains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw off (a liquid) by a gradual process:
ųطŵҺ壺
drained water from the sink.
ˮˮŵ
To cause liquid to go out from; empty:
ŸɣʹҺſգ
drained the bathtub; drain the pond.
ŵԡصˮžˮˮ
To draw off the surface water of:
Ÿɱˮ
The Mississippi River drains a vast area.
ȺӿݽһƬ
To drink all the contents of:
ȹ⣺ȸ
drained the cup.
ɱ
To deplete gradually, especially to the point of complete exhaustion.See Synonyms at deplete 
ľ𽥺ľֱָȫݽ߲μ deplete
To fatigue or spend emotionally or physically:
ģʹϻƣͻģ
The day's events completely drained me of all strength.
ʹҾƣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To flow off or out:
ų
Gasoline drained slowly from the tilted can.
úб͹
To become empty by the drawing off of liquid:
ɣҺգ
watched the tub slowly drain.
ԡſ
To discharge surface or excess water:
ע룺ߵϵĻˮ
The Niagara River drains into Lake Ontario. When flooded, the swamp drains northward.
밲Ժˮʱйˮ
To become gradually depleted; dwindle:
ݽߣ𽥺ľ٣
felt his enthusiasm draining.
е齥ʧ
n.ʣ
A pipe or channel by which liquid is drawn off.
ˮܣŵҺĹܻͨ
Medicine A device, such as a tube, inserted into the opening of a wound or body cavity to facilitate discharge of fluid or purulent material.
ҽѧ ܣ˿ڻǻԱųҺŧ״װã
The act or process of draining.
ŷţȥҺΪ
A gradual outflow or loss; consumption or depletion:
𽥵ʧȥĻľ
the drain of young talent by emigration.
µ˲ʧ
Something that causes a gradual loss:
ĵĶʧĶ
interruptions that are a drain on my patience.
ʹɥʧĵĲ廰
?
down the drain
To or into the condition of being wasted or lost:
ڱ˷ѻʧ״̬
All of our best laid plans are down the drain.
оĲõļƻ֮
?
Middle English dreinen [to strain, drain] 
йӢ dreinen [ų] 
from Old English dr?n 
Դ Ӣ dr?n 
?
drainable
adj.ݴʣ
drainer
n.ʣ

= =
drainage
drain.age
AHD:[dr3n1j] 
D.J.[6dre!n!d9]
K.K.[6dren!d9]
n.ʣ
The action or a method of draining.
ˮˮж򷽷
A system of drains.
ˮϵͳ
Something that is drained off.
ߵĶ
Medicine The removal of fluid or purulent material from a wound or body cavity.
ҽѧ ų˿ڻǻҺŧų

= =
drama
dra.ma
AHD:[dr?m, dr2m] 
D.J.[6dr$8m*, 6dr#m*]
K.K.[6dr$m*, 6dr#m*]
n.ʣ
A prose or verse composition, especially one telling a serious story, that is intended for representation by actors impersonating the characters and performing the dialogue and action.
Ϸ磺ɢĻʫдɵģرĹµģͨԱɫݶԻ붯ֵƷ
A serious narrative work or program for television, radio, or the cinema.
ڵӡ㲥ӰƷĿ
Theatrical plays of a particular kind or period:
Ϸ磺ָĳֻĳʱڵ̨磺
Elizabethan drama.
ɯʱϷ
The art or practice of writing or producing dramatic works.
ϷдϷƷʵ
A situation or succession of events in real life having the dramatic progression or emotional effect characteristic of a play:
Ϸ¼棺ʵоϷصĽ̻Ч龰һϵ¼
the drama of the prisoner's escape and recapture.
ܺͱץϷ¼
The quality or condition of being dramatic:
ϷԣϷʻ
a summit meeting full of drama.
ϷԵԻ
?
Late Latin dr3a  dr3mat- 
 dr3a  dr3mat- 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from dran [to do, perform] 
Դ dran [] 

= =
dramatic
dra.mat.ic
AHD:[dr-m2t1k] 
D.J.[dr*6m#t!k]
K.K.[dr*6m#t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. dram.Of or relating to drama or the theater.
д dram.ϷģڻϷԺ
Characterized by or expressive of the action or emotion associated with drama or the theatre:
ϷԵģлֳʹϷԺصΪеģ
a dramatic rescue at sea.
һϷԵĺϾԮ
Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect:
עĿģעĿӡЧ
a dramatic sunset.
Ի͵
Music Having a powerful, expressive singing voice:
֡ Ϸģģڱֵģ
a dramatic tenor.
Ϸ͵и
?
Late Latin dr3s 
 dr3s 
from Greek dramatikos 
Դ ϣ dramatikos 
from drama  dramat- [drama] * see  drama 
Դ drama  dramat- [Ϸ] *μ drama
?
dramatically
adv.ʣ
?
dramatic,histrionic,melodramatic,stagy,theatrical
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is suggestive of acting or of an emotional and often affected stage performance: 
Щݴʵ˼ǡʾŶԵĻʹ飬ͨǶ˵̨ݵġ 
made a dramatic entrance in a swirling cape;
ϷԵĶĶ
a histrionic gesture;
ƣ
struck an attitude of melodramatic despair;
ڳһŵľ̬ȣ
stagy heroics;
װǻƵĺ׳
assumed a theatrical pose. 
ڳϷƵĿ 

= =
drastic
dras.tic
AHD:[dr2st1k] 
D.J.[6dr#st!k]
K.K.[6dr#st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Severe or radical in nature; extreme:
ҵģ˵ģ
the drastic measure of amputating the entire leg; drastic social change brought about by the French Revolution.
سȵļ˴ʩľҵ䶯
Taking effect violently or rapidly:
Ѹٶҵģ
a drastic emetic.
ԵĴ߻ҩ
?
Greek drastikos [active] 
ϣ drastikos [Ծ] 
from drastos [to be done] 
Դ drastos [] 
from dran [to do] 
Դ dran [] 
?
drastically
adv.ʣ

= =
draw
draw
AHD:[dr?] 
D.J.[dr%8]
K.K.[dr%]
v.ʣ
drew[dr?] drawn[dr?n] draw.ing,draws 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move after or toward one by applying continuous force; drag:
ʹ֮ĳ˻ĳ˶
drew the chair closer to the table; a team of horses drawing a wagon.See Synonyms at pull 
ӣһμ pull
To cause to move in a given direction or to a given position, as by leading:
򣺣ʹķλƶ
The teacher drew the children into the room to see the decorations.
ʦźӵȥ
To move or pull so as to cover or uncover something:
ƶԸϻ¶ĳ
draw the curtains.
ϴ
To cause to flow forth:
ʹ
a pump drawing water; a blow that drew blood.
ˮˮãѪһ
To suck or take in (air, for example); inhale.
˱루
To require (a specified depth of water) for floating:
ˮҪһˮʹ
a boat drawing 18 inches.
ˮʮӢĴ
To take or pull out:
ȡ
drew a gun from beneath the counter; drew out a fat wallet.
ӹ̨°γһ֧ǹóһֻĹĵƤ
To extract or take from for one's own use:
óȡԹԼʹã
drew strength from their religious faith.
ǵڽмȡ
To eviscerate; disembowel.
ȡࣻƶ
To cause to come by attracting; attract:

afraid the casino will draw undesirable elements to the town.
ĶĳѲ
To select or take in from a given group, type, or region:
ѡȡһ塢ͻѡգ
draw clients from all levels of society.
ײְԱ
To bring to a certain condition or action; lead:
򣺵ĳж
drawn to despair; drew them to resign.
ʹǴְ
To bring on oneself as a result; provoke:
ʹԼܺ
drew enemy fire.
˵ڻ
To evoke as a response; elicit:
ãӦ
a performance that drew jeers from the audience.
ڼЦı
To earn; gain:
Ӯãã
deposits that draw interest at a rate of 5 percent.
Ϣٷ֮Ĵ
To withdraw (money).
ȡǮ
To use (a check, for example) when paying.
֧Ʊʹ֧Ʊȸ
To receive on a regular basis or at a specified time:
֧죺ȶػڵؽܣ
draw a pension.
ȡݽ
To take or receive by chance:
ǩõܣ
draw lots.
ǩ
Games 
Ϸ 
To take (cards) from a dealer or central stack.
ȡƣӷлȡ
To force (a card) to be played.
ʹַ
To end or leave (a contest) tied or undecided.
ʹƽ֣ƽֽ
To hit or strike (a ball) so as to give it backspin.
ʹ֮
To pull back the string of (a bow).

To distort the shape of.
ʹ
To stretch taut.

To flatten, stretch, or mold (metal) by hammering or die stamping.
ƣͨӡģʹչƽ
To shape or elongate (a wire, for example) by pulling through dies.
죺ͨӡģʹߣλ쳤
To inscribe (a line or lines) with a pencil or other marking implement.
Ǧʻǵ߿
To make a likeness of on a surface, using mostly lines; depict with lines:
滭Ҫƽ»ĳ棺
drew a map of the area; drawing landscapes and still lifes.
Ƹõĵͼ羰뾲
To portray in writing or speech; depict with words:
дԻд
draws moving scenes of ghetto life.
дƶƬ
To formulate or devise from evidence or data at hand:
ƶϳֱߵ֤ݻƣ
draw a comparison.
Ƚ
To compose or write out in legal format:
ⶩԷʽд
draw a deed.
ⶩԼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To proceed or move steadily:
ǰǰƽȵƶ
a ship drawing near the shore.
ʻ
To attract customers or spectators:
˿ͻڣ
The new play is drawing well.
¾ʮ
To cause a flow of liquid:
ʹҺ
The patient's veins don't draw easily.
˵ľѪ
To cause suppuration.
ʹŧ
To take in a draft of air:
ͨ磺һο
The flue isn't drawing.
̵ͨ
To steep in or as if in the manner of tea.
ݿ͸ͬĽ
To pull out a weapon for use.
óԱʹ
To use or call upon part of a fund or supply:
죺ʹûֵĻӦ
drawing on an account; drew from the experience of fellow workers.
Ӵͬǵľ
To contract or tighten:
ս
material that draws when it dries.
ɺĲ
To conclude a contest without either side winning; tie:
ƽ֣ʤƽ֣
The chess players drew in 32 moves.
ʮƽ
To make a likeness with lines on a surface; sketch.
滭ƽϻ軭
n.ʣ
An act of drawing.
Ϊ
The result of drawing.
Ľ
Something drawn, especially a lot, card, or cards drawn at random.
ǩȡָǩƻ
An inhalation, especially through a pipe or other smoking implement.
룺һ룬ָͨܵ
Something that attracts interest, customers, or spectators:
עĶȤ˿ͻڣ
a singer who is a popular draw.
Ŀĸ
The movable part of a drawbridge.
ŵĿƶ
A special advantage; an edge:
ƣرƣƣ
have the draw on one's enemies.
ȵ
A contest ending without either side winning.
ƽ֣ʤı
A small natural depression that water drains into; a shallow gully.
ϪȣˮȻݵأǳ
Games A draw shot.
Ϸ 
?
draw away
To move ahead of competitors.

draw back
To retreat.
˺
draw down
To deplete by consuming or spending:
ľѻ򻨷Ѷºľ
drew down our food reserves.
ľǵĴ
draw on
To approach:
ٽ
as evening draws on.
ҹ
draw out
To prolong; protract.
ӳ
To induce to speak freely:
̸ɷ˵
managed to draw the shy child out.
跨ʹߵĺ޾˵
draw up
To compose or write in a set form; write out:
⣻ⶩԹ̶ĸʽдд
draw up a contract; draw up a list.
ⶩͬдһ嵥
To bring (troops, for example) into order.
Уʹ粿ӣ
To bring or come to a halt.
ֱͦʹһͣ
To bring (oneself) into an erect posture, often as an expression of dignity or indignation.
ͦʹԼһֱƣͨڱʾϻŭ
Chiefly Southern U.S. To shrink when washed. Used of clothes.
ϲ ˮϴʱָ
?
draw a blank
To fail to find or remember something.
Ҳĳ
draw and quarter
To execute (a prisoner) by tying each limb to a horse and driving the horses in different directions.
ʬˣ֫һƥϣͬķӶ˴
To disembowel and dismember after hanging.
Ż֫
Informal To punish severely:
ʽ ϳͣ
The teenager was drawn and quartered for wrecking the family's only car.
˼Ψһ⵽ĳͷ
draw straws
To decide by a lottery with straws of unequal lengths.
ǩóȲȵĲݳǩ
?
Middle English drauen 
йӢ drauen 
from Old English dragan 
Դ Ӣ dragan 

= =
drawback
draw.back
AHD:[dr?b2k] 
D.J.[6dr%87b#k]
K.K.[6dr%7b#k]
n.ʣ
A disadvantage or inconvenience.See Synonyms at disadvantage 
ƣƻ򲻱֮μ disadvantage
A refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes for goods destined for reexport.
˿ǮȡԺ黹ٳڵĽڲƷ˰

= =
drawer
draw.er
AHD:[dr?r] 
D.J.[6dr%8*]
K.K.[6dr%+]
n.ʣ
One that draws, especially one that draws an order for the payment of money.
ƱˣƱ
also [dr?r] A boxlike compartment in furniture that can be pulled out and pushed in.
Ҳ [dr?r] 룺Ҿпɱƽĺ״С
drawers [dr?rz] Underpants.
 drawers [dr?rz] ڿ

= =
drawing
draw.ing
AHD:[dr?1ng] 
D.J.[6dr%8!0]
K.K.[6dr%!0]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of drawing.
Ķʵ
The art of representing objects or forms on a surface chiefly by means of lines.
滭Ҫƽϱһʽ
A work produced by this art.
ͼƷ

= =
dread
dread
AHD:[drd] 
D.J.[dred]
K.K.[drWd]
v.ʣ
dread.ed,dread.ing,dreads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be in terror of.
η
To anticipate with alarm, distaste, or reluctance:
ǣž֡ԸԤϣ
dreaded the long drive home.
Ϊؼҵ;
Archaic To hold in awe or reverence.
 η
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be very afraid.
ʮֺ
n.ʣ
Profound fear; terror.
־壺ľ£־
Fearful or distasteful anticipation.See Synonyms at fear 
ǣǣ˺»Ԥвμ fear
An object of fear, awe, or reverence.
˺¡η־Ķ
Archaic Awe; reverence.
 η־
adj.ݴʣ
Causing terror or fear:
¿־ģ
a dread disease.
µļ
Inspiring awe:
ηģ
the dread presence of the headmaster.
У˾ηǱ
?
Middle English dreden 
йӢ dreden 
short for adreden 
 adredenļд 
from Old English adr?n 
Դ Ӣ adr?n 
from ondr?n [to advise against, fear] 
Դ ondr?n [棬] 
ond-, and- [against] * see  un- 2
ond-, and- [] *μ un-2
r?n [to advise] * see  rede 
r?n [棬] *μ rede

= =
dreadful
dread.ful
AHD:[drdfl] 
D.J.[6dredf*l]
K.K.[6drWdf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Inspiring dread; terrible.
µģ־ģµ
Extremely unpleasant; distasteful or shocking:
ʮ˲ģɶĻ𾪵ģ
dreadful table manners; this dreadful heat.
˲Ľ;ֹµ
?
dreadfully
adv.ʣ
dreadfulness
n.ʣ

= =
dream
dream
AHD:[dr?m] 
D.J.[dri8m]
K.K.[drim]
n.ʣ
A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.
Σ˯ߵһ׶ͷвȻسֵһϵ뷨к͸о
A daydream; a reverie.
ΣǷ
A state of abstraction; a trance.
Ĳɣ
A wild fancy or hope.

A condition or achievement that is longed for; an aspiration:
룺״̬ɾͣģ
a dream of owning their own business.
ӵԼҵ
One that is exceptionally gratifying, excellent, or beautiful:
ˣѾر⡢ɫ˻
Our new car runs like a dream.
ǵ³ü
v.ʣ
dreamed  dreamt [drmt] dream.ing,dreams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To experience a dream in sleep:
˯ʱΣ
dreamed of meeting an old friend.
μһ
To daydream.

To have a deep aspiration:
룺Զı
dreaming of a world at peace.
кƽ
To regard something as feasible or practical:
Ϊĳ¿У
I wouldn't dream of trick skiing on icy slopes.
Ҳڽбϻѩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To experience a dream of while asleep:
˯ʱμ
Did it storm last night, or did I dream it?
б?
To conceive of; imagine.
ܲ
To pass (time) idly or in reverie.
ȣ»Ƿĥʱ
?
dream up
To invent; concoct:
ƣ߻
dreamed up a plan to corner the market.
һƻ¢г
?
Middle English drem 
йӢ drem 
from Old English dr?m [joy, music] ; akin to  Old Saxon dr?m [mirth, dream] 
Դ Ӣ dr?m [֣]   ѷ dr?m [֣] 

= =
dress
dress
AHD:[drs] 
D.J.[dres]
K.K.[drWs]
v.ʣ
dressed,dress.ing,dress.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put clothes on; clothe.
£
To furnish with clothing.
ṩ·
To decorate or adorn:
װλװ㣺
dress a Christmas tree.
װʥ
To arrange a display in:
ã
dress a store window.
̵ĳ
To arrange (troops) in ranks; align.
ųУʹӣʹ
To apply medication, bandages, or other therapeutic materials to (a wound).
ҩҩòϷ˿
To arrange and groom (the hair), as by styling, combing, or washing.
ͷᷢ͡ϴ
To groom (an animal); curry.
ˢˢ
To cultivate (land or plants).
ֲֲ֣Σأ
To clean (fish or fowl) for cooking or sale.
ϴɾݣѪȥëԱ
To trim and finish the surface of:
ĥ⣺׹⡭ı棺
dress a plank.
ĥľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put on clothes.

To wear clothes of a certain kind or style:
װ磺ĳʽ·
dresses casually.
з
To wear formal clothes:
ʢװʽ·
dress for dinner.
Ϊ紩
To get into proper alignment with others:
룺
The troops dressed on the squad leader.
ʿ೤
n.ʣ
Clothing; apparel.
ţװ
A style of clothing:
·ʽ
folk dancers in peasant dress.
ũװԱ
A one-piece outer garment for women or girls.
ŮףŮŮһ׵⴩·
Outer covering or appearance; guise:
װ磬òװ磺
an ancient ritual in modern dress.
ִòװĹŴʽ
adj.ݴʣ
Suitable for formal occasions:
ʽϵģ
dress shoes.
Ь
Requiring formal clothes:
Ҫʽװģ
a dress dinner.
贩
?
dress down
To scold; reprimand:
𱸣ָ
I was dressed down by the teacher for lateness.
Ϊٵܵʦ
To wear informal clothes, befitting an occasion or location:
ƽ·ʽװӦϻص㣺
I dressed down for such a casual occasion.
ʽĳϣҴ
dress up
To wear formal or fancy clothes:
ʢװʽĻѡķװ
They dressed up and went to the prom.
ʢװȥμ
?
dress ship
To display the ensign, signal flags, and bunting on a ship.
졢źڴ
?
Middle English dressen [to arrange, put on clothing] 
йӢ dressen [ãװ] 
from Old French drecier [to arrange] 
Դ ŷ drecier [] 
from Vulgar Latin *do3re} 
Դ  *do3re} 
from Latin dos [past participle of] dorigere [to direct] * see  direct 
Դ  dos  [] dorigereĹȥִ [] *μ direct
?
A dress is such a common article of modern attirethat it is difficult to imagine that the worddress  at one time did not refer to such a thing. The earliest sense ofdress,  recorded in a work 
written before 1450, was speech, talk. The relationship of our modern sense to this early sense is explained by the factthat the noundress  comes from the verb dress,  which goes 
back through Old Frenchdrecier,  to arrange, and the assumed Vulgar Latindo3re}  to Latin do,  a form of the verbdo,  to direct. In accordance with its etymology the verbdress  
has meant or still means to place, to arrange, and to put in order. The sense to clothe is related to the notion of putting in order,specifically in regard to clothing.This 
verb sense then gave rise to the noun sense personal attireas well as to the important garment sense, which has made the fortune of many a fashion designer.The earliest noun 
sense,speech, comes from a verb sense having to do with addressing or directing words to other people.
·ִ൱ͨdress һһȲָ· д1450ǰһdress 纬ǡ˵̸ ǵִһں
Ĺϵʵͣdress Դڶ dress  dressֿ׷ݵŷdrecier š ٶdirectiaer  directus  Ƕ
dirigere һʽ Դdress Ϊáš롰ʹ򡱡 ¡һʹ˼йأرйʱöֲ
塰˷ΡԼʹװʦƵʽ塣ʺ壬˵й˵Ķ

= =
drift
drift
AHD:[dr1ft] 
D.J.[dr!ft]
K.K.[dr!ft]
v.ʣ
drift.ed,drift.ing,drifts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be carried along by currents of air or water:
ˮЯ
a balloon drifting eastward; as the wreckage drifted toward shore.
Ʈ򣻴Ư򺣰
To proceed or move unhurriedly and smoothly:
ƶƽȵǰƶ
drifting among the party guests.
߶
To move leisurely or sporadically from place to place, especially without purpose or regular employment:
Ưʵػ򲻶ڵشһطһطָĿĻ޹̶ְҵأ
a day laborer, drifting from town to town.
ʱһƯһ
To wander from a set course or point of attention; stray.
ƫ룺뿪һ·߻ע㣻
To vary from or oscillate randomly about a fixed setting, position, or mode of operation.
ı䣺ı̶Ļλûģʽ丽ҡ
To be piled up in banks or heaps by the force of a current:
ѻȵѻ
snow drifting to five feet.
Ӣߺѩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be carried in a current:
ƯˮЯ
drifting the logs downstream.
ľͷƯ
To pile up in banks or heaps:
ѻɶѣ
Wind drifted the loose straw against the barn.
ɢĵݴÿȲֶѻ
Western U.S. To drive (livestock) slowly or far afield, especially for grazing.
 ϣػҰϣڣָΪ˷
n.ʣ
The act or condition of drifting.
ƯƯĶ״̬
Something moving along in a current of air or water.
ƯˮƶĶ
A bank or pile, as of sand or snow, heaped up by currents of air or water.
ˮ۳ɵĶѣɳѩ
Geology Rock debris transported and deposited by or from ice, especially by or from a glacier.
ѧ ӣɻӱǱɽƶͳм
A general trend or tendency, as of opinion.See Synonyms at tendency 
ָܵ۵μ tendency
General meaning or purport; tenor:
⣺µ˼ҪּĿģ
caught the drift of the conversation.
նԻҪּ
A gradual change in position.
λõ𽥱仯
A gradual deviation from an original course, model, method, or intention.
Խ죺ӳʼ·ߡģʽʽĿĵƫ
Variation or random oscillation about a fixed setting, position, or mode of behavior.
ҡԹ̶λûΪģʽĸıҡ
A gradual change in the output of a circuit or amplifier.
𽥸ı䣺·Ŵʵ𽥸ı
The rate of flow of a water current.
ˮٶ
A tool for ramming or driving something down.
ײĹߣĳ»ȥĹ
A tapered steel pin for enlarging and aligning holes.
׶ļ
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passageway in a mine running through or parallel to a vein.
ˮƽƽеĿˮƽˮƽ
A secondary mine passageway between two main shafts or tunnels.
ҪɽС
A drove or herd, especially of swine.See Synonyms at flock 1
ȺȺָȺμ flock1
?
From Middle English [drove, herd, act of driving] * see  dhreibh- 
Դ йӢ [ȺϵĶ] *μ dhreibh- 
?
drifty
adj.ݴʣ

= =
drill
drill 1
AHD:[dr1l] 
D.J.[dr!l]
K.K.[dr!l]
n.ʣ
An implement with cutting edges or a pointed end for boring holes in hard materials, usually by a rotating abrasion or repeated blows; a bit.
꣺ил˵ĹߣڼӲףһ㿿תĥ򷴸ʵףͷ
The hand-operated or hand-powered holder for this implement.
׻˹ߵֶֹļо
A loud, harsh noise made by or as if by a powered tool of this kind.
ɻ綯귢̶
Disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure.
ѵܿƵġϰΪתڻһֶ
A task or exercise for teaching a skill or procedure by repetition:
ϰΪڼϰ
conducted an air-raid drill; a drill for learning the multiplication tables.
пϮϰѧϰ˷һϰ
The training of soldiers in marching and the manual of arms.
ʿʿǰʹѵ
Any of various marine gastropod mollusks, chiefly of the genusUrosalpinx,  that bore holes into the shells of bivalve mollusks. U. cinera  is destructive to oysters. 
㶯嶯Ҫָ˫嶯ı׵Ĺ  β ĵʮк 
v.ʣ
drilled,drill.ing,drills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a hole in (a hard material) with a drill:
ףͷڣӲϣϴף
a bit for drilling masonry.
שʯϴ׵ĳ
To make (a hole) with or as if with a drill:
ףͷͷĹߴ򣨿ף
drills holes in trees with its chisellike bill.
һϴ
To strike or hit sharply:
ش
The batter drilled a single through the infield.
ԱǹƥֱҰ
To instruct thoroughly by repetition in a skill or procedure:
ѵһ̾ظȫѧ᣺
drill pupils in grammar.
ѵʹѧȫ﷨
To infuse knowledge of or skill in by repetitious instruction.See Synonyms at practice See Synonyms at teach 
䣺⴫֪ʶμ practiceμ teach
To train (soldiers) in marching and the manual of arms.
ѵʿнʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a hole with or as if with a drill.
ףĹߴ
To perform a training exercise.
ϰ
?
Obsolete Dutch dril 
ѷϺ dril 
from drillen [to bore] 
Դ drillen [] 
from Middle Dutch drillen * see  ter- 1
Դ йź drillen *μ ter- 1
?
driller
n.ʣ
?
drill
drill 2
AHD:[dr1l] 
D.J.[dr!l]
K.K.[dr!l]
n.ʣ
A shallow trench or furrow in which seeds are planted.
ֵǳ繵
A row of planted seeds.
ӣһŲµ
A machine or implement for planting seeds in holes or furrows.
ڶ繵вֵĻ豸
v.tr.ﶯʣ
drilled,drill.ing,drills 
To sow (seeds) in rows.
ӣŲ
To plant (a field) in drills.
ڣأ
?
Perhaps from drill [rill] 
Դ drill [СϪ] 
from Middle English drille [sip] 
Դ йӢ drille [Сں] 
?
drill
drill 3
AHD:[dr1l] 
D.J.[dr!l]
K.K.[dr!l]
n.ʣ
Durable cotton or linen twill of varying weights, generally used for work clothes.
бƲʹ޻бƲһ
?
Short for drilling 
 drillingļд 
alteration of German Drillich 
  Drillichı仯 
from Middle High German drilich 
Դ йŸߵص drilich 
from Old High German driloh 
Դ Ÿߵص driloh 
alteration of Latin trilox  triloc- [triple-twilled] * see  trellis 
  trilo  triloc- [бƵ] *μ trellis
?
drill
drill 4
AHD:[dr1l] 
D.J.[dr!l]
K.K.[dr!l]
n.ʣ
A baboon(Papio leucophaeus)  of western Africa, related to and resembling the mandrill. 
һǲ  ɽйز 
?
[Possibly of West African origin] 
[Դ] 

= =
drink
drink
AHD:[dr1ngk] 
D.J.[dr!0k]
K.K.[dr!0k]
v.ʣ
drank[dr2ngk] drunk[dr?ngk] drink.ing,drinks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take into the mouth and swallow (a liquid).
вʣһҺ壩
To swallow the liquid contents of (a vessel):
ӡʣеҺʣ
drank a cup of tea.
һ
To take in or soak up; absorb:
ջ룻ȡ
drank the fresh air; spongy earth that drank up the rain.
ʿˮ
To take in eagerly through the senses or intellect:
ڡ֮Уͨоеȡ
drank in the beauty of the day.
ڰյ
To give or make (a toast).
ףƣ
To toast (a person or an occasion, for example):
ףףĳ˻ĳϣ
We'll drink your health.
ΪĽɱ
To bring to a specific state by drinking alcoholic liquors:
ͨȾƾϽһ״̬
drank our sorrows away.
ƽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To swallow liquid:
ȣҺ壺
drank noisily; drink from a goblet.
غȣø߽űȾƾ
To imbibe alcoholic liquors:
Ⱦƣ
They only drink socially.
ֻ罻ϺȾ
To salute a person or an occasion with a toast:
Ϊĳ˻ĳףƣ
We will drink to your continued success.
ףϳɹ
n.ʣ
A liquid that is fit for drinking; a beverage.
ϣõҺ壻
An amount of liquid swallowed:
һڣһµҺ
took a long drink from the fountain.
һȪˮ
An alcoholic beverage, such as a cocktail or highball.
ࣺƾϣ缦βƻ߱
Excessive or habitual indulgence in alcoholic liquor.
ƣȻϰԵشþƾ
Slang A body of water; the sea:
ٵ ˮ壻
The hatch cover slid off the boat and into the drink.
ոǴӴϻ뺣
?
Middle English drinken 
йӢ drinken 
from Old English drincan * see  dhreg- 
Դ Ӣ drincan *μ dhreg- 

= =
drip
drip
AHD:[dr1p] 
D.J.[dr!p]
K.K.[dr!p]
v.ʣ
dripped,drip.ping,drips 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall in drops:
䣬£
Water is dripping from that leaky faucet.
ˮ©ˮͷ
To shed drops:
ɢˮΣ
an umbrella that is dripping all over the floor.
ѵذŪõˮɡ
To ooze or be saturated with or as if with liquid:
ˮ͸
His playing drips with exaggerated rubato and unorthodox tempi(Annalyn Swan)
͸ſŹĽࡱ(˹)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To let fall in or as if in drops:
£ʹ»ˮ£
a brush dripping paint; a speech that dripped invective.
ˢӣݽ
n.ʣ
The process of forming and falling in drops.
γҺκ͵Ĺ
Liquid or moisture that falls in drops.
ˮΣΣҺˮ
A slight intermittent flow or leak:
©ˮ϶ϸ©
fixed the drip in the faucet.
޺õ©ˮͷ
The sound made by liquid falling in drops:
Һ
listened to the steady drip of the rain.
µ
A projection on a cornice or sill that protects the area below from rainwater.
ˮ̨ۣܻϵͻ֣ڷֹ·ˮʪ
Slang A tiresome or annoying person.
ٵ 
?
Middle English drippen * see  dhreu- 
йӢ drippen *μ dhreu- 

= =
drive
drive
AHD:[drov] 
D.J.[dra!v]
K.K.[dra!v]
v.ʣ
drove[dr?v] driv.en[dr1vn] driv.ing,drives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push, propel, or press onward forcibly; urge forward:
ϣǰƻѹߴǰ
drove the horses into the corral.
Ͻ
To repulse forcefully; put to flight:
ʹ뿪
drove the attackers away; drove out any thought of failure.
Ϯߣʧܵͷ
To guide, control, or direct (a vehicle).
ʻƻָӣ
To convey or transport in a vehicle:
ó䣺
drove the children to school.
ͺȥѧ
To traverse in a vehicle:

drive the freeways to work.
߸ٹ·ϰ
To supply the motive force or power to and cause to function:
ṩʹ
Steam drives the engine.

To compel or force to work, often excessively:
ȣʹָȹ
Every serious dancer is driven by notions of perfectionperfect expressiveness, perfect technique(Susan Sontag)
ÿ赸߶Ϊıļʹ(ɺɣ)
To force into or from a particular act or state:
ǿȣʹ뿪ĳض״̬
Indecision drives me crazy.
ԥҪұƷ
To force to go through or penetrate:
룺ʹ򴩹
drove the stake into the ground.
ľ׮
To create or produce by penetrating forcibly:
͸
The nail drove a hole in the tire.
ڳ̥˸
To carry through vigorously to a conclusion:
ɣٵ˵ɽۣ
drove home his point.
ٵزĹ۵
Sports To throw, strike, or cast (a ball, for example) hard or rapidly.
˶ ͻѸٻҵػӻͶ
Basketball To move with the ball directly through:
 ֱͨ
drove the lane and scored.
÷
Baseball To cause (a run) to be scored.
 ʹݣ÷
To chase (game) into the open or into traps or nets.
׷ϣյػ
To search (an area) for game in such a manner.
˷ʽĳһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move along or advance quickly as if pushed by an impelling force.
ͳ壺Ѹٵƶ·ǿƶ
To rush, dash, or advance violently against an obstruction:
ײϰҵϡƽ
The wind drove into my face.
紵ҵ
To operate a vehicle, such as a car.
ʻݽͨߣ糵
To go or be transported in a vehicle:
˳ǰ򱻳ͣ
drove to the supermarket.
ȥг
Sports To hit, throw, or impel a ball or other missile forcibly.
˶ ͻӻ
Basketball To move directly to the basket with the ball.
 ֱͶ
To make an effort to reach or achieve an objective; aim.
׼ŬﵽһĿꣻ׼
n.ʣ
The act of driving.
Ϊ
A trip or journey in a vehicle.

Abbr. Dr.A road for automobiles and other vehicles.
д Dr.еʻĵ·
The means or apparatus for transmitting motion or power to a machine or from one machine part to another.
˶ӻһݵһķ豸
The means by which automotive power is applied to a roadway:
ʻ·ķʽ
four-wheel drive.

The means or apparatus for controlling and directing an automobile:
ʻװãתķʽ
right-hand drive.
Ҳʻװ
Computer Science A device that reads data from and writes data onto a storage medium, such as a floppy disk.
ѧ Ӵ洢ý飨̣϶дݵ豸
A strong organized effort to accomplish a purpose.See Synonyms at campaign 
ΪﵽĿĶеǿ֯μ campaign
Energy, push, or aggressiveness.
ɾ嶯򹥻
Psychology A strong motivating tendency or instinct, especially of sexual or aggressive origin, that prompts activity toward a particular end.
ѧ ǿҵĶܣָԻ򹥻ʹ˵ΪָһĿ
A massive, sustained military offensive.
ϴģĳǿ
Sports The act of hitting, knocking, or thrusting a ball very swiftly.
˶ ٻѸٵػûĶ
Sports The stroke or thrust by which a ball is driven.
˶ 
Basketball The act of moving with the ball directly to the basket.
 ֱͶ
A rounding up and driving of cattle to new pastures or to market.
ţȺȦţȺµг
A gathering and driving of logs down a river.
ԭľ˳
The cattle or logs thus driven.
ϵţȺ˳µԭľ
?
drive at
To mean to do or say:
Ҫ˵
I don't understand what you're driving at.
Ҳ˼
?
Middle English driven 
йӢ driven 
from Old English dron * see  dhreibh- 
Դ Ӣ dron *μ dhreibh- 
?
drivability
n.ʣ
drivable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
driver
driv.er
AHD:[drovr] 
D.J.[6dra!v*]
K.K.[6dra!v+]
n.ʣ
One that drives, as the operator of a motor vehicle.
˾ݳˣ
A tool, such as a screwdriver or hammer, that is used for imparting forceful pressure on another object.
빤ߣһʩѹĹߣ˿
A machine part that transmits motion or power to another part.
˶ݸһĻ
Sports A golf club with a wide head and a long shaft, used for making long shots from the tee.
˶ ߶һָ߶ͷѳڴ
Nautical A jib-headed spanker.
 ݷ

= =
drop
drop
AHD:[dr?p] 
D.J.[drKp]
K.K.[dr$p]
n.ʣ
The smallest quantity of liquid heavy enough to fall in a spherical mass.See table at measurement 
һΣ㹻ԵµСҺμ measurement
A small quantity of a substance.
Σĳ
drops Liquid medicine administered in drops.
 drops һ㣺ҺʽʹõҩҺ
A trace or hint:
˿һۼ
not a drop of pity.
û˿
Something shaped or hanging like a drop.
״ҺλҺһҵĶ
A small globular piece of hard candy.
ˮǣСӲ
The act of falling; descent.
䣺µĶ½
A swift decline or decrease, as in quality, quantity, or intensity.
µܶϵѸ½
The vertical distance from a higher to a lower level.
һϸƽ浽һϵƽĴֱ
The distance through which something falls or drops.
ͨľ
A sheer incline, such as the face of a cliff.
ֱµĴֱ
A descent by parachute.
ͶýɡͶ
Personnel and equipment landed by means of parachute.
ͶԱ豸ýɡµԱ豸
Something, such as a trap door on a gallows, that is arranged to fall or be lowered.
壺ƽͻµĶ̼ܵ
A drop curtain.
Ļ
A slot through which something is deposited in a receptacle.
ͶףнϿͶ붫ķ
A central place or establishment where something, such as mail, is brought and subsequently distributed.
Ѷʼĵ
A predetermined location for the deposit and subsequent removal of secret communications or illicit goods, such as drugs.
䴦Ԥȷķûȡ鱨ǷƷ綾Ʒĵص
The act of depositing such communications or materials.
䣺鱨Ʒж
Electronics A connection made available for an input or output unit on a transmission line.
ѧ ߣԪĵ
v.ʣ
dropped,drop.ping,drops 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall in drops.

To fall from a higher to a lower place or position.
£ӽϸߵطλ䵽͵طλ
To become less, as in number, intensity, or volume.
٣ܶȻļ
To descend from one level to another.
½һˮƽһˮƽ
To fall or sink into a state of exhaustion or death.
£ƣ߻״̬
To pass or slip into a specified state or condition:
ض״̬򴦾
dropped into a doze.
˯
Sports To fall or roll into a basket or hole. Used of a ball.
˶ ͶѨָڻڡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To let fall by releasing hold of.
ʹ
To let fall in drops.
ʹ
To cause to become less; reduce:
ʹ٣
drop the rate of production.

To cause to fall, as by hitting or shooting.
䣬ͨ
Sports To hurl or strike (a ball) into a basket or hole.
˶ ͶѨ
To give birth to. Used of animals.
ڶ
To say or offer casually:
˵ṩ
drop a hint.
ʾ
To write at one's leisure:
ڿʱд
drop me a note.
ű
To cease consideration or treatment of:
ֹͣǻ
dropped the matter altogether.
ȫ
To terminate an association or a relationship with.See Synonyms at dismiss 
Ͼϵ롭ϵϵμ dismiss
To leave unfinished:
;ֹͣ
drop everything and help.
һæ
To leave out (a letter, for example) in speaking or writing.
©ɾȥڽд©ĸ
To leave or set down at a particular place; unload.
ж£ĳضص£ж
To parachute.
ͶԽɡͶ
To lower the level of (the voice).
ѹͣ
To lose (a game or contest, for example).
Ϸ
Slang To take, as a drug, by mouth:
ٵ ̷ÿڷã
drop acid.
Իü
New England To poach (an egg).
Ӣ ˮ󣨺ɰ
?
drop behind
To fall behind:

dropped behind the rest of the class during her long illness.
ڳʱĹ˰ͬѧ
drop by
To stop in for a short visit.
˳ʣͣݷ
drop off
To fall asleep.
˯
To decrease:
٣
Sales dropped off in the fourth quarter.
ڵĸȼ
drop out
To withdraw from participation, as in a game, club, or school.
˳μӣӱֲѧУ˳
To withdraw from established society, especially because of disillusion with conventional values.
ˣ˳ָԴͳֵʧ
?
get the drop on 
have the drop on
To achieve a distinct advantage over.
ʤĳˣȡöԡ
?
Middle English droppe 
йӢ droppe 
from Old English dropa * see  dhreu- 
Դ Ӣ dropa *μ dhreu- 

= =
drought
drought
AHD:[drout]  Ҳ drouth [drouth] 
D.J.[dra&t] Ҳ drouth [dra&G]
K.K.[dra&t] Ҳ drouth [dra&G]
n.ʣ
A long period of abnormally low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions.
ɺʱڵĹͽرָһʱ
A prolonged dearth or shortage.
ȱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English dr?h 
Դ Ӣ dr?h 
?
droughty
adj.ݴʣ

= =
drown
drown
AHD:[droun] 
D.J.[dra&n]
K.K.[dra&n]
v.ʣ
drowned,drown.ing,drowns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To kill by submerging and suffocating in water or another liquid.
ʹûڲϢˮҺɱ
To drench thoroughly or cover with or as if with a liquid.
û׽ʪûҺû
To deaden one's awareness of; blot out:
ĳ˶ԡʶ
people who drowned their troubles in drink.
ƽ
To muffle or mask (a sound) by a louder sound:
Ըѹûһ
screams that were drowned out by the passing train.
Ļѹļ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To die by suffocating in water or another liquid.
ˮҺϢ
?
Middle English drounen 
йӢ drounen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] * see  dhreg- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ dhreg- 

= =
drug
drug
AHD:[dr?g] 
D.J.[drJg]
K.K.[drJg]
n.ʣ
A substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or as a component of a medication.
ҩϡƻԤΪһҩƳɷݵ
Such a substance as recognized or defined by the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
ʳƷҩ뻯ױƷ϶Ĵ
A chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior and often addiction.
ƷһֻѧʣԻüӰϵͳΪĸı䲢ʳ
Obsolete A chemical or dye.
 ѧƷȾ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
drugged,drug.ging,drugs 
To administer a drug to.
ҩ
To poison or mix (food or drink) with a drug.
ҩҩڣʳƷϣ
To stupefy or dull with or as if with a drug:
ҩҩԻľ
drugged with sleep.
˯
?
Middle English drogge 
йӢ drogge 
from Old French drogue [drug] 
Դ ŷ drogue [ҩ] 
perhaps from Middle Dutch droge (vate) [dry (cases)] [pl. of] drog [dry] 
Դ йź droge (vate) [ڣӣ]  [] drogĸ [] 

= =
drum
drum
AHD:[dr?m] 
D.J.[drJm]
K.K.[drJm]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere with a membrane stretched tightly over one or both ends, played by beating with the hands or sticks.
ģһִпյԲԲһ˻˵ĹĤɣֻ
A sound produced by this instrument.

Something resembling a drum in shape or structure, especially a barrellike metal container or a metal cylinder wound with cable, wire, or heavy rope.
״״ṹĵĶָͰ״¡߻ĽԲ
Any of various marine and freshwater fishes of the family Sciaenidae that make a drumming sound.
ʯ㣺һʯƺˮ㣬ܷ
Anatomy The eardrum.
ѧ 
v.ʣ
drummed,drum.ming,drums 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play a drum or drums.

To thump or tap rhythmically or continually:
ûнشߵ
nervously drummed on the table.
ŵવû
To produce a booming, reverberating sound by beating the wings, as certain birds do.
ĳᣬĳ᣺ᷢͳлĳЩᷢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perform (a piece or tune) on or as if on a drum.
ģĻࣨ
To summon by or as if by beating a drum.
Ļټ
To make known to or force upon (a person) by constant repetition:
ĴظӶʹ˽䣨ĳˣ
drummed the answers into my head.
Ѵ𰸷䵽ͷ
To expel or dismiss in disgrace:
߻򿪳
was drummed out of the army.

?
drum up
To bring about by continuous, persistent effort:
ȡͨиŬ
drum up new business.
Ŭµҵ
To devise; invent:
죻
drummed up an alibi.
첻ֳ֤
?
Middle English drom 
йӢ drom 
from Middle Dutch tromme 
Դ йź tromme 
[probably of imitative origin] 
[] 

= =
drunk
drunk
AHD:[dr?ngk] 
D.J.[drJ0k]
K.K.[drJ0k]
v.ʣ
Past participle of drink 
 drinkĹȥִ
adj.Usage Problem ݴʣ÷ѡ 
Intoxicated with alcoholic liquor to the point of impairment of physical and mental faculties.
ģþƾϣ·ʹԵ
Caused or influenced by intoxication.
ģܾӰ
Overcome by strong feeling or emotion:
ģǿҵпƵģ
drunk with power.
Ȩ
n.ʣ
A drunkard.

A bout of drinking.

?
As an adjective the formdrunk  is used predicatively  while the formdrunken  is now used only attributively:  
Ϊݴʣdrunk  drunken   
He was drunk last night.
ڲϾˡ
A drunken man at the table beside us ruined our evening. 
һԱߵԣƻϵա 
In most contextsthe attributive use ofdrunk  is considered unacceptable in formal style. But the phrasesdrunk driver  and drunk driving  are supported not only by common usage  but 
also, in many jurisdictions, by a legal distinction between the expressions 
ڴ󲿷£ʽdrunk  һ÷֧drunk driver  drunk driving ˵ ෨ɲþڷ 
drunk driver (a driver whose alcohol level exceeds the legal limit) and  
ƹ˾ƾ޶ȵ˾  
drunken driver (a driver who is inebriated). 
˵˾Ƶ˾ 

= =
dry
dry
AHD:[dro] 
D.J.[dra!]
K.K.[dra!]
adj.ݴʣ
dri.er[dror]   dry.er dri.est[dro1st]   dry.est  
Free from liquid or moisture:
ɵģҺʪ
changed to dry clothes.
·
Having or characterized by little or no rain:
ģΪصģ
a dry climate.

Marked by the absence of natural or normal moisture:
ɺģȱȻĳʪ
a dry month.
ɺ·
Not under water:
ˮģ
dry land.

Having all the water or liquid drained away, evaporated, or exhausted:
ɺԵģȫˮҺ嶼ߣľģ
a dry river.
ɺԵĺӵ
No longer yielding liquid, especially milk:
̵ģٲҺģָˮ
a dry cow.
̵ţ
Lacking a mucous or watery discharge:
޷ģȱԻˮֵŷ
a dry cough.
ɿ
Not shedding tears:
ģ
dry sobs.

Needing or desiring drink; thirsty:
ȱˮģˮģʵģ
a dry mouth.
ɿʵ
No longer wet:
ɵģʪģ
The paint is dry.

Of or relating to solid rather than liquid substances or commodities:
̬ģˮģڻڹ̬Һ̬ʻƷģ
dry weight.
ˮ
Not sweet as a result of the decomposition of sugar during fermentation. Used of wines.
ζģڷڼǵķֽʧȥζġھ
Having a large proportion of strong liquor to other ingredients:
ɣƣƾ󳬹ɷݵģ
a dry martini.

Eaten or served without butter, gravy, or other garnish:
ʱʱӻ֭ͣϵģ
dry toast; dry meat.
ؿӽ֭
Having no adornment or coloration; plain:
صģûװλȾģ
the dry facts.
Ⱦʵ
Devoid of bias or personal concern:
ûиƫеģ
presented us with a dry critique.
Ǳ˲ƫĹ۵
Lacking tenderness, warmth, or involvement; severe:
ģȱᡢůͶģģ
The actor gave a dry reading of the lines.
Ա̨ʮӲ
Matter-of-fact or indifferent in manner:
̬Įģ޶Եģ
rattled off the facts in a dry mechanical tone.
Įеһ˵ʵ
Wearisome; dull:
ᷳģζģ
a dry lecture filled with trivial details.
ϸڵĿݽ
Humorous or sarcastic in a shrewd, impersonal way:
䳰ģһֻǣ侲̬ȱĬ̵ģ
dry wit.
ĬĻ
Prohibiting or opposed to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages:
Ƶģֹ򷴶Ծƾϵۻõģ
a dry county.

Unproductive of the expected results:
ԤЧģ
a mind dry of new ideas.
˼ͷ
Constructed without mortar or cement:
ûҽˮ೹ɵģ
dry masonry.
޽ɵĽ
v.ʣ
dried[drod] dry.ing,dries[droz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the moisture from; make dry:
ӡȥˮ֣ʹɣ
laundry dried by the sun.
̫ɹɵϴ
To preserve (meat or other foods, for example) by extracting the moisture.
ˮ棨ʳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become dry:
ɣ
The sheets dried quickly in the sun.
̫ºܿ
n.ʣ
 drys ʽ 
A prohibitionist.
ŽƵ
?
dry out ʽ
To undergo a cure for alcoholism.
ܽ
dry up
To make or become unproductive, especially to do so gradually.
ʹʧȥָ𽥵
Informal To stop talking.
ʽ ֹͣ
?
Middle English drie 
йӢ drie 
from Old English drte 
Դ Ӣ drte 
?
dryly  
drily
adv.ʣ
dryness
n.ʣ
?
dry,dehydrate,desiccate,parch
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to remove the moisture from: 
Щʹе˼ǣӡгȥˮ֡ 
drying the dishes;
Ūӣ
add water to dehydrated eggs;
ˮмˮ
a factory where coconut meat is shredded and desiccated;
ҬгˮĹ
land parched by the sun. See also Synonyms at  sour moisten 
̫øѵ μͬ sourmoisten

= =
dual
du.al
AHD:[d?l, dy?-] 
D.J.[6du8*l, 6dju8-]
K.K.[6du*l, 6dju-]
adj.ݴʣ
Composed of two usually like or complementary parts; double:
˫ģͨ򻥲ɵģ˫ģ
dual controls for pilot and copilot; a car with dual exhaust pipes.
Ա븱Աʽװã˫ܵ
Having a double character or purpose:
˫صĿĵģ
a belief in the dual nature of reality.
ΪʵжرԵĿ
Grammar Of, relating to, or being a number category that indicates two persons or things, as in Greek, Sanskrit, and Old English.
﷨ ˫ģָʾ˻ַģϣӢ˫
n.Grammar ʣ﷨ 
The dual number.
˫
An inflected form of a noun, adjective, pronoun, or verb used with two items or people.
˫ʱʡݴʡʻ򶯴ʵ۱仯
?
Latin du3s 
 du3s 
from duo [two] * see  dwo- 
Դ duo [] *μ dwo- 
?
dually
adv.ʣ

= =
dubious
du.bi.ous
AHD:[d?b?-s, dy?-] 
D.J.[6du8bi8*s, 6dju8-]
K.K.[6dubi*s, 6dju-]
adj.ݴʣ
Fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided.
ȷģɵģδ
Arousing doubt; doubtful:
ɵģɵģ
a dubious distinction.
˻ɵ
Of questionable character:
ģ
dubious profits.See Synonyms at doubtful 
סμ doubtful
?
From Latin dubius * see  dwo- 
Դ  dubius *μ dwo- 
?
dubiously
adv.ʣ
dubiousness
n.ʣ

= =
duck
duck 1
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dJk]
K.K.[dJk]
n.ʣ
Any of various wild or domesticated swimming birds of the family Anatidae, characteristically having a broad, flat bill, short legs, and webbed feet.
ѼѼƵһҰݣصпƽ๣Ⱥʹ
A female duck.
Ѽ
The flesh of a duck used as food.
Ѽ
Slang A person, especially one thought of as peculiar.
ٵ ָˣָص
Often ducks (used with a sing. verb)Chiefly British A dear.
  ducks 뵥ãӢ ɰ˻
?
Middle English doke 
йӢ doke 
from Old English d?e 
Դ Ӣ d?e 
possibly from *d?n [to dive] * see  duck 2
Դ *d?n [ˮˮ] *μ duck2
?
duck
duck 2
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dJk]
K.K.[dJk]
v.ʣ
ducked,duck.ing,ducks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lower quickly, especially so as to avoid something.
Ѹٸ£Ѹٵ£ָΪܿĳʱ˶
To evade; dodge:
ܿ
duck responsibility; ducked the reporter's question.
ӱΣԼߵʱܶ
To push suddenly under water.See Synonyms at dip 
Ѹˮ²μ dip
Games To deliberately play a card that is lower than (an opponent's card).
Ϸ ţƣһűȣֵƣС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lower the head or body.
ͷ
To move swiftly, especially so as to escape being seen:
Ѹƶݵ˶ָΪⱻ
ducked behind a bush.
ľԺ
To submerge the head or body briefly in water.
ͷʱˮ
To evade a responsibility or obligation. Often used without : 
ӱλ񣬳out ã 
duck out on one's family.
ӱܶԼͥ
Games To lose a trick by deliberately playing lower than one's opponent.
Ϸ ȶֵ͵ƶϷ
n.ʣ
A quick lowering of the head or body.
Ѹٸ£ͷѸһ
A plunge into water.
ˮ
?
Middle English douken [to dive] 
йӢ douken [ˮ] 
possibly from Old English *d?n ; akin to  Middle Low German and Middle Dutch d?ken 
Դ Ӣ *d?n   ͵͵صйź d?ken 
?
ducker
n.ʣ
?
duck
duck 3
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dJk]
K.K.[dJk]
n.ʣ
A durable, closely woven heavy cotton or linen fabric.
õ֯޻֯
ducks Clothing made of duck, especially white trousers.
 ducks ÷رǰ׿
?
Dutch doek [cloth] 
 doek [] 
from Middle Dutch doec 
Դ йź doec 
?
duck
duck 4
AHD:[d?k] 
D.J.[dJk]
K.K.[dJk]
n.ʣ
An amphibious military truck used during World War II.
սڼʹõˮ½ó
An amphibious truck used in emergencies, as to evacuate flood victims.
ʱʹõˮ½óɢˮ
?
Alteration  influenced by duck 1
   duck1Ӱ 
of DUKW [its code designation] 
 DUKWı仯 [Ϊ] 

= =
due
due
AHD:[d?, dy?] 
D.J.[du8, dju8]
K.K.[du, dju]
adj.ݴʣ
Payable immediately or on demand.
Ӧģ֧ӦҪ֧
Owed as a debt; owing:
ǷծģǷģ
the amount still due.
ǷĿ
In accord with right, convention, or courtesy; appropriate:
ʵģȨòģʵģ
due esteem; all due respect.
ӦеۣȫӦе
Meeting special requirements; sufficient:
رҪģֵģ
We have due cause to honor them.
гֵɸ
Expected or scheduled, especially appointed to arrive:
ԤģԼģԤڻԤģָԤģ
Their plane is due in 15 minutes.
ǵķɻԤ15Ӻ󵽴
Anticipated; looked for:
ģģ
a long due promotion.
Ѿõ
Expecting or ready for something as part of a normal course or sequence:
õģԤϻ׼ĳΪ̻һֵģ
We're due for some rain. This batter is due for another hit.
ܿͻˡѾ׼ٻӰ
Usage Problem Capable of being attributed.See Usage Note at due to 
÷ѡ ΪĲμ due to
n.ʣ
Something owed or deserved:
ӦõĶ
You finally received your due.
ڵõӦõ
dues A charge or fee for membership, as in a club or organization.
 dues ѣԳԱʸȡķãֲĳһ֯Ļ
adv.ʣ
Straight; directly:
ֱӵأֱأ
Go due west.
ֱ
Archaic Duly.
 ʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French deu [past participle of] devoir [to owe] 
Դ ŷ deu  [] devoirĹȥִ [Ƿ] 
from Latin d??re} * see  ghabh- 
Դ  d??re} *μ ghabh- 

= =
dull
dull
AHD:[d?l] 
D.J.[dJl]
K.K.[dJl]
adj.ݴʣ
dull.er,dull.est 
Intellectually weak or obtuse; stupid.
ޱģϽϲٶ۵ģ޴
Lacking responsiveness or alertness; insensitive.
ٶ۵ģӦѸٵģе
Dispirited; depressed.
ɥģ޾ɵģɥ
Not brisk or rapid; sluggish:
õģģɴѸٵģٶ۵ģ
Business is dull.

Not having a sharp edge or point; blunt:
۵ģûлģ۵ģ
a dull knife.
һѶ۵
Not intensely or keenly felt:
ԼģǺǿҵظоģ
a dull ache.
ʹ
Arousing no interest or curiosity; boring:
ģȤģζģ
a dull play.
һζϷ
Not bright or vivid. Used of a color:
ģģġָɫ
a dull brown.
ɫ
Cloudy or overcast:
ģƵģ
a dull sky.

Not clear or resonant:
ģģ
a dull thud.
һ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
dulled,dull.ing,dulls 
To make or become dull.
ʹٶۣʹľʹ
?
Middle English dul ; akin to  Old English dol 
йӢ dul   Ӣ dol 
?
dullish
adj.ݴʣ
dullness  
dulness
n.ʣ
dully
adv.ʣ
?
dull,colorless,drab,humdrum,lackluster,pedestrian,stodgy,uninspired
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is lacking in liveliness, charm, or surprise: 
һݴʹе˼ǡȱ桱 
a competent but dull performance of the role;
Խɫʤεζıݣ
a colorless and unimaginative person;
һûиԣȱˣ
a drab and boring job;
﷦ζĹ
a humdrum conversation;
߳ĶԻ
a lackluster life;
ȱ
a pedestrian movie plot;
ƽĵӰڣ
a stodgy dinner party;
ζ᣻
an uninspired lecture. See also Synonyms at  stupid lively 
ȱݽ μͬ stupidlively

= =
dumb
dumb
AHD:[d?m] 
D.J.[dJm]
K.K.[dJm]
adj.ݴʣ
dumb.er,dumb.est 
Lacking the power of speech. Used of animals and inanimate objects.
Ƶģȱ˵ġָ
Offensive Incapable of using speech; mute. Used of human beings.
 ƵģԵģ˵ģĬġָ
Temporarily speechless, as with shock or fear:
˵ģʱ˵ģΪ𾪻־壺
I was dumb with disbelief.
ţһʱ˵ϻ
Unwilling to speak; taciturn.
Ը˵ģԵ
Not expressed or articulated in sounds or words:
ûԴǡģ
dumb resentment.

Nautical Not self-propelling.
 Ժ
Conspicuously unintelligent; stupid:
ʮֲǵģ޴ģ
dumb officials; a dumb decision.
޶۵ĹԱǣ޴ľ
Unintentional; haphazard:
ģżȻģ
dumb luck.
żȻ
Computer Science Incapable of processing data:
ѧ Ƶģܵģģܴݵģ
a dumb terminal.
ܵն豸
v.tr.ﶯʣ
dumbed,dumb.ing,dumbs 
To make silent or dumb.
ʹĬ
?
dumb down  
dumb up ٵ
To rewrite for a less intelligent audience.
ΪĹд
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
dumbly
adv.ʣ
dumbness
n.ʣ
?
dumb,inarticulate,mute,speechless
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is lacking the faculty of speech or the power to speak: 
һݴʹеҪΪȱ˵ 
dumb with fear;
µ˵
inarticulate with rage;
ŭ˵
mute with astonishment;
ȵ˵
speechless with horror. See also Synonyms at  stupid 
ŵ˵ μͬ stupid

= =
dump
dump
AHD:[d?mp] 
D.J.[dJmp]
K.K.[dJmp]
v.ʣ
dumped,dump.ing,dumps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To release or throw down in a large mass.
㵹ų
To empty (material) out of a container or vehicle:
ж£ʣеգ
dumped the load of stones.
жװصʯͷ
To empty out (a container or vehicle), as by overturning or tilting.
գתбգ
To get rid of; discard:
ѣ
a fine for dumping trash on public land; dumped the extra gear overboard.
ڹ㵹ܵķѶװ
Informal To discard or reject unceremoniously:
ʽ 
dump an old friend.
һ
To place (goods or stock, for example) on the market in large quantities and at a low price.
гͼͶţƱ
Computer Science To transfer (data stored internally in a computer) from one place to another, as from a memory to a printout, without processing.
ѧ תתڼеݣδһתһӴ洢תӡ
Slang To knock down; beat.
ٵ 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall or drop abruptly.
ͻȻ
To discharge cargo or contents; unload.
жж»ͻж
Slang To criticize another severely:
ٵ ָˣ
was always dumping on me.
ǰƵͷ
n.ʣ
A place where refuse is dumped:
жĳ
a garbage dump; a nuclear waste dump.
˷ϳ
A storage place for goods or supplies; a depot:
ֿ⣺ʵĴ洢Ѽ
an ammunition dump.
ҩѼ
An unordered accumulation; a pile.
ۻ
Computer Science An instance or the result of dumping stored data.
ѧ תתתڴݵӻ
Slang A poorly maintained or disreputable place.
ٵ ߰ĵطάòûĳ
?
Middle English dumpen, dompen [to fall suddenly, drop] 
йӢ dumpen, dompen [ͻȻ£] 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
dumper
n.ʣ

= =
duplicate
du.pli.cate
AHD:[d?pl1-k1t, dy?-] 
D.J.[6du8pl!k!t, 6dju8-]
K.K.[6dupl!k!t, 6dju-]
adj.Abbr. dup.ݴʣд dup.
Identically copied from an original.
ƵģģԭȫͬظƵ
Existing or growing in two corresponding parts; double.
ɶԵģģڻӦֵģ
Games Denoting a manner of play in cards in which partnerships or teams play the same deals and compare scores at the end:
Ϸ ֵģʽģϷһִ򷨣дƶִͬһƣȽϵ÷֣
duplicate bridge.

n.Abbr. dup.ʣд dup.
An identical copy; a facsimile.
Ʒӡ
One that corresponds exactly to another, especially an original.
ƷͬһָԭȫһµĶ
Games A card game in which partnerships or teams play the same deals and compare scores at the end.
Ϸ ֣ƶִͬһƣȽϵ÷ֵϷ
v.ʣ
du.pli.cat.ed,du.pli.cat.ing,du.pli.cates[-k3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make an exact copy of.
ƣӡдȫͬĸƷ
To make twofold; double.
ʹظ
To make or perform again; repeat:
ݣظ
a hard feat to duplicate.
ֵķṦΰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become duplicate.
ƣظ˫ӱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin duplic3s [past participle of] duplic3re [to double] 
Դ  duplic3s  [] duplic3reĹȥִ [ӱ] 
from duplex  duplic- [twofold] * see  dwo- 
Դ duplex  duplic- [˫] *μ dwo- 
?
duplicable  
duplicatable
AHD:[-k3t-bl] ݴʣ
duplicately
adv.ʣ
duplicative
adj.ݴʣ
duplicatory
AHD:[-k1-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
durable
du.ra.ble
AHD:[d?r-bl, dy?r-] 
D.J.[6d&*r*b*l, 6dj&*r-]
K.K.[6d&r*b*l, 6dj&r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay:
õģֿܹĥ˺ʴģ
a durable fabric.
ʹ֯
Lasting; stable:
־õģȶģ
a durable friendship.
־õ
Economics Not depleted or consumed by use:
ѧ ͺĵģδʹúľģ
durable goods.
ͺƷ
n.Economics ʣѧ 
A manufactured product, such as an automobile or a household appliance, that can be used over a relatively long period without being depleted or consumed. Often used in the plural.
ͺƷʹýϳʱڶľĲƷõ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin d?3bilis} 
Դ  d?3bilis} 
from d?3re} [to last] * see  deu- 
Դ d?3re} [] *μ deu- 
?
durability  
durableness
n.ʣ
durably
adv.ʣ

= =
duration
du.ra.tion
AHD:[d?-r3shn, dy?-] 
D.J.[d&6re!.*n, dj&-]
K.K.[d&6re.*n, dj&-]
n.ʣ
Continuance or persistence in time.
־ãʱϵ
A period of existence or persistence:
ʱڣ
sat quietly through the duration of the speech.
ݽڼ䰲
?
Middle English duracioun 
йӢ duracioun 
from Old French duration 
Դ ŷ duration 
from Medieval Latin d?3ti?}  d?r3ti?n- 
Դ  d?3ti?}  d?r3ti?n- 
from Latin d?3tus} [past participle of] d?r3re [to last] * see  deu- 
Դ  d?3tus}  [] d?r3reĹȥִ [] *μ deu- 

= =
during
dur.ing
AHD:[d?r1ng, dy?r-] 
D.J.[6d&*r!0, 6dj&*r-]
K.K.[6d&r!0, 6dj&r-]
prep.ʣ
Throughout the course or duration of:
ڡڼ䣺
suffered food shortages during the war.
սڼʳƷȱ֮
At some time in:
ڡĳʱ
was born during a blizzard.
ڱѩٵʱ
?
Middle English [from present participle of] duren [to last] 
йӢ  [] Դdurenڷִ [] 
from Old French durer 
Դ ŷ durer 
from Latin d?3re} * see  deu- 
Դ  d?3re} *μ deu- 

= =
dusk
dusk
AHD:[d?sk] 
D.J.[dJsk]
K.K.[dJsk]
n.ʣ
The darker stage of twilight, especially in the evening.
ƻ裺ƻĽϰ׶Σָϵһ׶
adj.ݴʣ
Tending to darkness; dusky.
䰵ģ΢
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
dusked,dusk.ing,dusks 
To become or make dark or dusky.
ʹ䰵΢
?
From Middle English [dark] 
Դ йӢ [] 
alteration of Old English dox 
 Ӣ doxı仯 

= =
dust
dust
AHD:[d?st] 
D.J.[dJst]
K.K.[dJst]
n.ʣ
Fine, dry particles of matter.
ҳϸɵʿ
A cloud of fine, dry particles.
۳״ϸɿ
Particles of matter regarded as the result of disintegration:
ΪǷɵʿ
fabric that had fallen to dust over the centuries.
ʱѻΪĩ֯
Earth, especially when regarded as the substance of the grave:
أָΪĹʱ
ashes to ashes, dust to dust(Book of Common Prayer)
鳾(߱ض)
The surface of the ground.

A debased or despised condition.
΢ܱӵ״̬
Something of no worth.
޼ֵĶ
Chiefly British Rubbish readied for disposal.
Ӣ Ҫõķ
Confusion; agitation; commotion:
ңңң
won't go back in until the dust settles.
ɧƽٻȥ
v.ʣ
dust.ed,dust.ing,dusts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove dust from by wiping, brushing, or beating:
ȥҳˢôԳȥҳ
dust the furniture.
ĨȥҾϵĻҳ
To sprinkle with a powdery substance:
ĩڣ
dusted the cookies with sugar; dust crops with fertilizer.
Ƿۣѻ
To apply or strew in fine particles:
״ϸʽʹûɢ
dusted talcum powder on my feet.
ҵĽˬ
Baseball To deliver a pitch so close to (the batter) as to make the batter back away.
 ַʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To clean by removing dust.

To cover itself with such particulate matter. Used of a bird.
ɳϴ衣ָ
?
dust off
To restore to use:
ʹã
dusted off last year's winter coat.
ִȥĶ
?
in the dust
Far behind, as in a race or competition:
ܻˣ
a marketing strategy that left our competitors in the dust.
ǵľԶԶںг
make the dust fly
To go about a task with great energy and speed.
ɵ𾢣Լľٶĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English d?t 
Դ Ӣ d?t 

= =
duty
du.ty
AHD:[d?t?, dy?-] 
D.J.[6du8ti8, 6dju8-]
K.K.[6duti, 6dju-]
n.ʣ
 du.ties 
An act or a course of action that is required of one by position, social custom, law, or religion:
Σλϰߡɻڽ̵ҪΪΪḶ́
Do your duty to your country.
ΪĹҾ
Moral obligation:

acting out of duty.
ڵζΪ
The compulsion felt to meet such obligation.See Synonyms at obligation 
θУһ븺ĸμ obligation
A service, function, or task assigned to one, especially in the armed forces:
ۣķְͷɵ
hazardous duty.
Σյ
Function or work; service:
ְ
jury duty.See Synonyms at function 
Աְμ function
Abbr. dy.A tax charged by a government, especially on imports.
д dy.˰һԽڻյ˰ָڹ˰
Abbr. dy.
д dy.
The work performed by a machine under specified conditions.
ܸɣɻضɵĹ
A measure of efficiency expressed as the amount of work done per unit of energy used.
ʣһλĹ
The total volume of water required to irrigate a given area in order to cultivate a specific crop until harvest.
ʣָضũൽջʱڵˮ
?
duty bound
Obliged:
Դģ
You are duty bound to help your little sister and brother.
ΰĵܵ
?
Middle English duete 
йӢ duete 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from due 
Դ due 
variant of Old French deu [due] * see  due 
 ŷ deuı [Ӧе] *μ due

= =
dwell
dwell
AHD:[dwl] 
D.J.[dwel]
K.K.[dwWl]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
dwelt[dwlt]   dwelled dwell.ing,dwells 
To live as a resident; reside.
סΪס
To exist in a given place or state:
ڣһص״̬´ڣ
dwell in joy.
ڻ֮
To fasten one's attention:
ע⣺ĳ˵עڡ
kept dwelling on what went wrong.See Synonyms at brood 
עʲô˲μ brood
To speak or write at length; expatiate:
ϸϸƵز
dwelt on the need to trim the budget.
渵ԤıҪ
n.ʣ
Computer Science A programmed time delay of variable duration.
ѧ ͣչһɳõĿɱʱʱӳ
?
Middle English dwellen 
йӢ dwellen 
from Old English dwellan [to mislead] 
Դ Ӣ dwellan [] 
?
dweller
n.ʣ

= =
dwelling
dwell.ing
AHD:[dwl1ng] 
D.J.[6dwel!0]
K.K.[6dwWl!0]
n.ʣ
A place to live in; an abode.
סأеĵطס

= =
dye
dye
AHD:[do] 
D.J.[da!]
K.K.[da!]
n.ʣ
A substance used to color materials.Also called  dyestuff 
ȾϣһָȾɫҲ  dyestuff
A color imparted by dyeing.
ɫȾɫϵɫ
v.ʣ
dyed,dye.ing,dyes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To color (a material), especially by soaking in a coloring solution.
ȾɫȾɫʣرǽݵɫҺȾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take on or impart color.
Ⱦϻճϣɫ
?
of the deepest dye
Of the most extreme sort.
˵ģ͵
?
Middle English deie 
йӢ deie 
from Old English d??ah} 
Դ Ӣ d??ah} 
?
dyer
n.ʣ

= =
dying
dy.ing
AHD:[do1ng] 
D.J.[6da!!0]
K.K.[6da!!0]
v.ʣ
Present participle of die 1
 dieڷִ1
adj.ݴʣ
About to die:
ģȥģ
dying patients.
Ĳ
Drawing to an end; declining:
нģҪģ˥˵ģ
in the dying hours of the legislative session.
ʱ
Done or uttered just before death:
յģǰģ£˵ģ
a dying request.


= =
dynamic
dy.nam.ic
AHD:[do-n2m1k] 
D.J.[da!6n#m!k]
K.K.[da!6n#m!k]
adj.also ݴʣ Ҳ 
dynamical
AHD:[-1-kl] 
Of or relating to energy or to objects in motion.
̬ģ˶ейص
Of or relating to the study of dynamics.
ѧģѧĻ֮ص
Characterized by continuous change, activity, or progress:
ϱ仯ģԲϵı仯չΪģ
a dynamic market.
лг
Marked by intensity and vigor; forceful.See Synonyms at active 
ģģǿĲμ active
Of or relating to variation of intensity, as in musical sound.
ȱ仯ȱ仯йصģȵı任
n.ʣ
An interactive system or process, especially one involving competing or conflicting forces:
Կ̬ƣһ໥õƻָ̣ɾԻԿľ룺
the story of a malign dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy(Edmund S. Morgan)
йذ˵ƫͺ˵Ҫ֮кĶԿƵĹ¡(S.Ħ)
A force, especially political, social, or psychological:
һֶָεġĻϵģ
the main dynamic behind the revolution.
Ҫ
?
French dynamique 
 dynamique 
ultimately from Greek dunamikos [powerful] 
Դ ϣ dunamikos [] 
from dunamis [power] 
Դ dunamis [] 
from dunasthai [to be able] * see  deu- 2
Դ dunasthai [ܹ] *μ deu- 2
?
dynamically
adv.ʣ

= =
each
each
AHD:[?ch] 
D.J.[i8t.]
K.K.[it.]
adj.Abbr. ea.ݴʣд ea.
Being one of two or more considered individually; every:
ÿеһÿ
Each person cast a vote. My technique improved with each lesson.
ÿͶһƱҵļÿڿζ
pron.ʣ
Every one of a group considered individually; each one.
ÿһһΪһÿһ
adv.ʣ
For or to each one; apiece:
ÿأÿһ
ten cents each.
ÿʮǮ
?
Middle English ech 
йӢ ech 
from Old English ?c * see  lok- 
Դ Ӣ ?c *μ lok- 
?
The traditional rule holds thatwhen the subject of a sentence begins witheach,  it is grammatically singular,and the verb and following pronouns must be singular as well: 
ͳ涨ӵeach ʼʱ ﷨ϽǵʽԶʼӦĴҲʹõʽ 
Each of the suites has (not have ) its  (not their ) own private entrance  (not entrances ). 
ÿ׼䶼У have )   their ) Լĵ  entrances ) 
Wheneach  follows a plural subject, however, the verb and subsequent pronouns remain in the plural: 
each λһ棬 򶯴ʺĴΪʽ 
The suites each have their own private entrances (not has its own private entrance ). 
ÿ׼䶼ǸԵڣ has it's own private entrance  
An exception is made wheneach  follows the verb with a first-person plural subject: one may say eitherWe boys have each our own room or We boys have each his own room,  though 
the latter form is somewhat stilted in modern use. The expressioneach and every  is likewise followed by a singular verb and singular pronoun in formal style: 
һǵeach ǰ涯ʴеһ˳Ƹʽʱ ȿ˵кÿ˶иԵһ䷿ Ҳ˵ кÿ˶Է  Ȼһʽִ
÷Щʱֱeach and every  ʽеĺҲͬʹõʺ͵Ĵʣ 
Each and every driver knows (not know ) what his or her  (not their ) job is to be.  See Usage Note at every ,he 1
ÿһλʻԱ know ) Ĺ  their  ʲô  μ every,he1

= =
eager
eager 1
AHD:[?gr] 
D.J.[6i8g*]
K.K.[6ig+]
adj.ݴʣ
ea.ger.er,ea.ger.est 
Having or showing keen interest, intense desire, or impatient expectancy.See Usage Note at anxious 
еģлԳŨȤǿҵԸȲμ anxious
Obsolete Tart; sharp; cutting.
 ̱ģģ
?
Middle English eger [sour, sharp, impetuous] 
йӢ eger [ģģҵ] 
from Anglo-Norman egre 
Դ Ӣ egre 
from Latin 3r * see  ak- 
Դ  3r *μ ak- 
?
eagerly
adv.ʣ
eagerness
n.ʣ
?
eager,avid,keen,agog
These adjectives mean animated by or showing great interest or desire.
Щݴʱʾ޴Ȥ
 Eager  suggests intensity of interest and impatient desire: 
 Eager  ʾŨȤȲ 
eager to travel abroad;
У
eager to learn.
ѧϰ
Avid  implies ardent desire and unbounded craving: 
Avid  ʾȵκ޾Ŀ 
has an avid ambition to succeed;
ҰĲɹ
an avid sports fan.
һȵ˶ԡ
Keen   suggests acuteness or intensity of interest or emotional drive: 
Keen  ʾȤ͸ǿԣ 
takes keen pleasure in music.
֡
Agog  implies a state of heightened anticipation: 
Agog  һǿҵ 
The prospect of Christmas left the children agog. 
ʥڵʹú˷ܲ 
?
eager
eager 2
AHD:[?gr, 3-] 
D.J.[6i8g*, 6e!-]
K.K.[6ig+, 6e-]
n.ʣ
Variant of eagre 
 eagreı

= =
eagle
ea.gle
AHD:[?gl] 
D.J.[6i8g*l]
K.K.[6ig*l]
n.ʣ
Any of various large diurnal birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, including members of the generaAquila  and Haliaeetus,  characterized by a powerful hooked bill, keen vision, long 
broad wings, and strong, soaring flight. 
ӥһռӥƴݣ   ĳԱΪĹ๣ӾĳǿԶķ 
A representation of an eagle used as an emblem or insignia.
ӥӥΪ
A gold coin formerly used in the United States, stamped with an eagle on the reverse side and having a face value of ten dollars.
ӥսңһʽʹùĽңӡӥͼֵΪʮԪ
Sports A golf score of two strokes under par on a hole.
˶ ڱ׼ˣÿѨ涨ٻĸ߶ɼ
v.ʣ
ea.gled,ea.gling,ea.gles ˶ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shoot (a hole in golf) in two strokes under par.
ÿѨ涨ٻĸ߶Ѩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To score an eagle in golf.
߶ȹ涨ٻ
?
Middle English egle 
йӢ egle 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old Proven?al aigla 
Դ ˹ aigla 
from Latin aquila 
Դ  aquila 

= =
ear
ear 1
AHD:[?r] 
D.J.[!*]
K.K.[!r]
n.ʣ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
The vertebrate organ of hearing, responsible for maintaining equilibrium as well as sensing sound and divided in mammals into the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
䣺׵ǵ٣ڲƽ⡣ڲ鶯зΪжڶ
The part of this organ that is externally visible.
¶ߵĲ
An invertebrate organ analogous to the mammalian ear.
״Ʋ鶯Ķٵ׵ǵ
The sense of hearing:

a sound that grates on the ear.
̶
Sensitivity or receptiveness to sound, especially:
лָ
Sharpness or refinement of hearing:
ԣ
a singer with a good ear for harmony.
Ժĸ質
The ability to retain and reproduce a passage of music:
׼ƾ䲢ظֵ
plays the piano by ear.
ƾ׼
Responsiveness to the sounds or forms of spoken language:
ԵжȣԵʽԣ
a writer with a good ear for dialogue; has an ear for foreign languages.
ԶԻеңԵĸ
Sympathetic or favorable attention:
ע⣺
[The President]  wavers between the two positions, depending on who last had his ear (Joseph C. Harsch)
[ͳ] ҡڲҪ˭ (ԼɪC.ʩ)
Something resembling the external ear in position or shape, especially:
״λû״Ķָ
A flexible tuft of feathers located above the eyes of certain birds, such as owls, that functions in visual communication but not in hearing.Also called  ear tuft 
ëأһЩ۾ϷһܻëèͷӥӾݶҲ  ear tuft
A projecting handle, as on a vase or pitcher.
ѣ֣ͻİ֣ڻƿ߹
A small box in the upper corner of the page in a newspaper or periodical that contains a printed notice, such as promotional material or weather information.
ͷССרڱڿϲһСĿӡ֪ͨϻԤ
ears Informal Headphones.
 ears ʽ 
?
all earsʽ
Acutely attentive:
۾
If you want to tell your story, we're all ears.
뽲µĻǻȫע
give an ear 
lend an ear
To pay close attention; listen attentively.
ע⣻ϸ
have an ear to the ground 
keep an ear to the ground
To be on the watch for new trends or information.
񣬾ע¶Ϣ
in one ear and out the other
Without any influence or effect; unheeded:
ҶûвκӰЧ⣺
Since his mind was already made up, my arguments went in one ear and out the other.
ȻѶô˵ҲֻҶ
on its ear 
on someone's ear
In a state of amazement, excitement, or uproar:
˷ܣ𾪡˷ܻŭ״̬
a controversial film that set the entertainment world on its ear.
һĵӰʹֽһƬȻ
play it by earʽ
To act according to the circumstances; improvise:
ʱӦҪжϯ
He plays his negotiations by ear, going into them with no clear or fixed plan(George F. Kennan)
̸ʱû̶ļƻӦ䡱(F.)
up to (one's) earsʽ
Deeply involved or committed:
ݣ
I'm up to my ears in work.
ȫĵͶ뵽ȥ
?
Middle English ere 
йӢ ere 
from Old English ?e * see  ous- 
Դ Ӣ ?e *μ ous- 
?
earless
adj.ݴʣ
?
ear
ear 2
AHD:[?r] 
D.J.[!*]
K.K.[!r]
n.ʣ
The seed-bearing spike of a cereal plant, such as corn.
룺ֲϴӵ룬׵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
eared,ear.ing,ears 
To form or grow ears.
ģγɻж
?
Middle English ere 
йӢ ere 
from Old English ?r * see  ak- 
Դ Ӣ ?r *μ ak- 

= =
early
ear.ly
AHD:[?rl?] 
D.J.[6T8li8]
K.K.[6Pli]
adj.ݴʣ
ear.li.er,ear.li.est 
Of or occurring near the beginning of a given series, period of time, or course of events:
ȵģģһϵСһʱ¼֮еĿʼ׶εģ
in the early morning; scored two runs in the early innings.
峿ǰغо͵
Of or belonging to a previous or remote period of time:
ڵģڵģʱڻڵĲ֣
the early inhabitants of the British Isles.
еߵϵھ
Of or belonging to an initial stage of development:
׶Σڷչ׶εڲ֣
an early form of life; an early computer.
ڵʽڵĵ
Occurring, developing, or appearing before the expected or usual time:
ģģԭʱƽϰʱЩֻչ
an early spring; an early retirement.
絽Ĵ죻ǰ
Maturing or developing relatively soon:
ģ˵Ͽط죺
an early variety of tomato.
Ʒ
Occurring in the near future:
ܿģڽվͷģ
Observers predicted an early end to the negotiations.
۲Ԥ̸вý
adv.ʣ
ear.lier,ear.liest 
Near the beginning of a given series, period of time, or course of events:
ڵأһϵ¼һʱ¼гʼ򿿽ʼĽ׶Σ
departed early in the day; scored important victories early in the campaign.
뿪ս۳ھͻشʤ
At or during a remote or initial period:
ڵأŴأʱڻڽ׶Σ
decided very early to go into medicine.
;ҽ
Before the expected or usual time:
أأԭʱƽʱأ
arrived at the meeting a few minutes early.
缸ӵ᳡
Soon in relation to others of its kind:
أϿأͬƷأ
a rose that was cultivated to bloom early.
翪õ
?
Middle English erli 
йӢ erli 
from Old English ?oce} 
Դ Ӣ ?oce} ?r [before] * see  ayer- ?r [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ ayer- 
-loe [adv. suff.] * see  -ly 2
-loe [׺ʡ] *μ -ly2
?
earliness
n.ʣ
?
Early
Ear.ly
AHD:[?rl?] Jubal Anderson (1816-1894) 
D.J.[6T8li8]
K.K.[6Pli]
NONE޴ԣ
American Confederate general whose forces threatened Washington, D.C. (1864) but were ultimately defeated by Union troops led by Philip H. Sheridan (1865).
Ͷɭ(1816-1894) ϱսϷĽ죬1864ʱƽʢ1865ձ֡ɳӳ״

= =
earn
earn 1
AHD:[?rn] 
D.J.[T8n]
K.K.[Pn]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
earned,earn.ing,earns 
To gain especially for the performance of service, labor, or work:
׬ããָĳַͶõģ
earned money by mowing lawns.
޼ƺ׬Ǯ
To acquire or deserve as a result of effort or action:
ӦãӮããĳЧжõĻӦõõ
She earned a reputation as a hard worker.
͵Ĺʹ
To yield as return or profit:
ر
a savings account that earns interest on deposited funds.
ôϢĴʻ
?
earn (one's) spurs
To gain a position through hard work and the accumulation of experience, often in the face of difficulties:
Ŭãѵ£ĳͨŬ;Ļ۶õһְλ
a diplomat who had earned his spurs as the prime minister's personal assistant.
⽻Ҿܶ˽ְ֮
?
Middle English ernen 
йӢ ernen 
from Old English earnian 
Դ Ӣ earnian 
?
earner
n.ʣ
?
earn,deserve,merit,rate,win
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to gain as a result of one's behavior or effort: 
Щʹͬǡĳ˵ΪŬá 
earns a large salary;
߹ʣ
deserves our congratulations;
Ӯǵףأ
a suggestion that merits consideration;
Ӧ迼ǵĽ飻
an event that didn't even rate a mention in the news;
ֵһС£
a candidate who won wide support. 
Ӯù㷺ֵ֧ĺѡ 
?
earn
earn 2
AHD:[?rn] 
D.J.[T8n]
K.K.[Pn]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
earned,earn.ing,earns  
To yearn.

?
Middle English ernen 
йӢ ernen 
variant of yernen * see  yearn 
 yernenı *μ yearn

= =
earnest
earnest 1
AHD:[?rn1st] 
D.J.[6T8n!st]
K.K.[6Pn!st]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness:
ֿģֳ߶Ϻģ
an earnest gesture of goodwill.
һʾѺõĳϿҵ
Of an important or weighty nature; grave.See Synonyms at serious 
ׯϵģҪзģׯصĲμ serious
?
in earnest
With a purposeful or sincere intent:
ģᶨĿĵģ
settled down to study in earnest for the examination.
ᶨϰ׼
Serious; determined:
ᶨƵģģ
Both sides are deeply in earnest, with passions that approximate those of civil war(Conor Cruise O'Brien)
˫ܼ棬ǹ㾢Ҫһս(ɡ³˹²)
?
Middle English ernest 
йӢ ernest 
from Old English eornoste * see  er- 1
Դ Ӣ eornoste *μ er- 1
?
earnestly
adv.ʣ
earnestness
n.ʣ
?
earnest
earnest 2
AHD:[?rn1st] 
D.J.[6T8n!st]
K.K.[6Pn!st]
n.ʣ
Money paid in advance as part payment to bind a contract or bargain.
ǰ֧Ϊ޽һͬ׵Ĳ֧
A token of something to come; a promise or an assurance.
֤ĳ½źţ֤֤
?
Middle English ernest 
йӢ ernest 
variant of ernes 
 ernesı 
alteration of Old French erres [pl. of] erre [pledge] 
 ŷ erresı仯  [] erreĸ [] 
from Latin arra 
Դ  arra 
alteration of arrab?} 
 arrab? 
from Greek arrab?n [earnest-money] 
Դ ϣ arrab?n [֤] 
from Hebrew '?3b?n} 
Դ ϣ '?3b?n} 
from '3b [to pledge] 
Դ '3b [] 

= =
earnings
earn.ings
AHD:[?rn1ngz] 
D.J.[6T8n!0z]
K.K.[6Pn!0z]
pl.n.ʣ
Salary or wages.
нн
Business profits.
ҵ
Gains from investments.
Ͷ

= =
earth
earth
AHD:[?rth] 
D.J.[T8G]
K.K.[PG]
n.ʣ
The land surface of the world.
ر½أǲ½ر
The softer, friable part of land; soil, especially productive soil.
ࣺ½زֵָ֣
Often Earth The third planet from the sun, having a sidereal period of revolution about the sun of 365.26 days at a mean distance of approximately 149 million kilometers (92.96 million 
miles), an axial rotation period of 23 hours 56.07 minutes, an average radius of 6,374 kilometers (3,959 miles), and a mass of approximately 29.11  1024 kilograms (13.17  10 24 
pounds). 
  Earth ̫Զǣ̫תĺΪ365.26죬ƽԼ1.49ƽ(9,296ӢתһܵΪ23Сʱ56.07֣ƽ뾶Ϊ6,374
(3,959ӢԼ29.111024ǧ(13.1710 24Ӣ 
The realm of mortal existence; the temporal world.
˼䣬䷲˷סĵط
The human inhabitants of the world:
ࣺڵϾסࣺ
The earth received the news with joy.
ȫǶΪϢ
Worldly affairs and pursuits.
££»˵
Everyday life; reality:
ճʵ
was brought back to earth from his daydreams of wealth and fame.
صʵ
The substance of the human body; clay.
壻壺ʣ
The lair of a burrowing animal.
ѨѨӶĶѨ
Chiefly British The ground of an electrical circuit.
Ӣ ߣӵأ·ĵ
Chemistry Any of several metallic oxides, such as alumina or zirconia, that are difficult to reduce and were formerly regarded as elements.
ѧ ԻԭĳֽпԱԭԪص
v.ʣ
earthed,earth.ing,earths 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or heap (plants) with soil for protection.
ǣϻڣֲ϶Ա
To chase (an animal) into an underground hiding place.
׷붴Ѩһ׷һ²
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To burrow or hide in the ground. Used of a hunted animal.
ضܵ¡ָ
?
on earth
Among all the possibilities:
пԵ£
Why on earth did you put on that outfit?
㵽ΪʲôҪ׷װ?
?
Middle English erthe 
йӢ erthe 
from Old English eorthe * see  er- 2
Դ Ӣ eorthe *μ er- 2

= =
earthquake
earth.quake
AHD:[?rthkw3k] 
D.J.[6T8G7kwe!k]
K.K.[6PG7kwek]
n.ʣ
A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity.Also called  seism ,temblor 
ڵʶϲ۵ѹͷŻڻɽĵؿǵͻȻ䶯Ҳ  seism,temblor

= =
ease
ease
AHD:[?z] 
D.J.[i8z]
K.K.[iz]
n.ʣ
The condition of being comfortable or relieved.
ʣɣʻɵ״̬
Freedom from pain, worry, or agitation:
ʹ࣬ģûʹࡢջŭ
Her mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe.
˵Ƕܰȫŷ
Freedom from constraint or embarrassment; naturalness.See Synonyms at rest 1
ڣûиенȻμ rest1
Freedom from difficulty, hardship, or effort:
ףݣûѡ
rose through the ranks with apparent ease.
ǳ׵
Readiness or dexterity in performance; facility:
ɣ㣺ɻɵıݣ֮£
She practiced until she could play the sonata with ease.
ϰֱΪֹ
Freedom from financial difficulty; affluence:
ԣûнǮϵѣԣ
a life of luxury and ease.
ԣɵ
A state of rest, relaxation, or leisure:
Ϣɻе״̬
He took his ease by the swimming pool.
ӾرϢ
v.ʣ
eased,eas.ing,eas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To free from pain, worry, or agitation:
ʹࡢǳգ
He eased his conscience by returning the stolen money.
͵Ǯŵõ˰
To lessen the discomfort or pain of:
᲻ʻʹ
She shifted position so as to ease her back.
һ滺ı
To alleviate; assuage:
᣻ͻ
prescribed a drug to ease the pain.
ҩԼᲡʹ
To give respite from:
ӻӡû⣺
eased the burden on her staff by hiring temporary help.
ʱְԱԼԱĸ
To slacken the strain, pressure, or tension of; loosen:
ɳڣٽšѹǿȣɿ
ease off a cable.
ɿ
To reduce the difficulty or trouble of:
ѻ鷳
ease credit terms; eased the entrance requirements.
ſѧ׼
To move or maneuver slowly and carefully:
ƶСĵƶݣ
eased the car into a narrow space; eased the director out of office.
ʻխռ䣻Сĵؽͳ칫
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lessen, as in discomfort, pressure, or stress:
⣬٣᲻ʡѹǿȣ
pain that never eased.
δʹ
To move or proceed with little effort:
ǰѴ֮ƶǰ
eased through life doing as little as possible.
ɵ
?
at ease
In a relaxed position, especially standing silently at rest with the right foot stationary:
ʣɵƣָҽŲվϢ
put the soldiers at ease while waiting for inspection.
ȴʱʿϢ
Used as a command for troops to assume a relaxed position.
ϢöʷƵĿ
?
Middle English ese 
йӢ ese 
from Old French aise 
Դ ŷ aise 
perhaps from Latin adiac?s [lying near] * see  adjacent 
Դ  adiac?s [ͽЪϢ] *μ adjacent

= =
easy
eas.y
AHD:[?z?] 
D.J.[6i8zi8]
K.K.[6izi]
adj.ݴʣ
eas.i.er,eas.i.est 
Capable of being accomplished or acquired with ease; posing no difficulty:
׵ģ򵥵ģܹ׵رɻߵõģѵģ
an easy victory; an easy problem.
׻õʤ׽
Requiring or exhibiting little effort or endeavor; undemanding:
ɵģҪ򲻷Ѷ󾢵ģѾģ
took the easy way out of her problems; wasn't satisfied with easy answers.
ɵؽ⣻׿ȡĴ
Free from worry, anxiety, trouble, or pain:
ݵģǵģ޷աš鷳ʹࣺ
My mind was easy, knowing that I had done my best.
ҺܰģΪѾȫ
Affording comfort or relief; soothing:
ʵģɵģṩʻݵģοģ
soft light that was easy on the eyes.
ʹ۾ʵ͹
Prosperous; well-off:
ԣģԣģ
easy living; easy circumstances.
ݵԽĻ
Causing little hardship or distress:
΢ģ׵ģСѻѹ
an easy penalty; a habit that isn't easy to give up.
΢Ĵ׸ıϰ
Socially at ease:
ݵģɵģģ
an easy, good-natured manner.
º͵̬
Relaxed in attitude; easygoing:
ģɢģ̬ɣ͵ģ
an easy disposition.

Not strict or severe; lenient:
ݵģϸģԴ˵ģ
an easy teacher; easy standards.
һλݵʦɱ׼
Readily exploited, imposed on, or tricked:
ϵģáǿӵĻƭģ
an easy mark; an easy victim.
ϵԣܺ
Not hurried or forced; moderate:
͵ģ򲻽ȵģٵģ
an easy pace; an easy walk around the block.
ݵĲŽɢ
Light; gentle:
º͵ģģ
an easy tap on the shoulder.
ڼһ
Not steep or abrupt; gradual:
ƽģģ򼱵ģģ
an easy climb.
һƽб
Economics 
ѧ 
Less in demand and therefore readily obtainable:
ٵģԣģʹù
Commodities are easier this quarter.
ƷȽϳԣ
Plentiful and therefore at low interest rates:
ʵ͵ģʵ͵ģ
easy money.
׵Ǯ
Promiscuous; loose.
ŵģԼ
adv.ʣ
Without haste or agitation:
ɵأż򲻽ţ
Relax and take it easy for a while.
һ£Ϣһ
With little effort; easily:
׵أѾأ׵أ
success that came too easy.
ɹֿɵ
In a restrained or moderate manner:
ʶȵأнƵػʶȵأ
Go easy on the butter.
ʶȵعά
Without much hardship or cost:
Ǯػ򲻷µأ
got off easy with only a small fine.
ֻһ㷣
?
easy as pieʽ
Capable of being accomplished or done with no difficulty.
׵أѾذɻѵ
?
Middle English esi 
йӢ esi 
from Old French aaisie [past participle of] aaisier [to put at ease] 
Դ ŷ aaisie  [] aaisierĹȥִ [ʹ] 
a- [to]  from Latin ad- [ad-] 
a- [ȥ]  Դ  ad- [ǰ׺] 
aise [ease] * see  ease 
aise [] *μ ease
?
easiness
n.ʣ
?
easy,simple,facile,effortless,smooth,light
These adjectives mean requiring little effort or posing little if any difficulty.
ЩݴʱʾѺپ˼
 Easy  applies both to tasks that require little effort and to persons who are not demanding: 
 Easy  ʾĹҪ󲻸ߵˣ 
The diagnosis of disease is often easy, often difficult, and often impossible (Peter M. Latham). 
Լϸ񡢲Ҳܡ ˵áɣ 
Not wanting to be called an easy marker, the teacher graded the essays severely.
뱻˿һзֺɵˣʦϸظ´֡
Simple   implies lack of complexity that facilitates understanding or performance: 
Simple  ʾӡģ 
a simple game;
򵥵Ϸ
a simple problem;
׵⣻
the faculty . . . of reducing his thought on any subject to the simplest and plainest terms possible (Baron Charnwood).
򵥡Ĵκ⿴Ĳܡ ס£
 Facile  stresses readiness and fluency (a facile speaker ); often, though, the word has unfavorable connotations, as of lack of care, glibness or insincerity, or superficiality: 
 Facile  ǿ( ) Ȼôʳв֮⣬ʾϸġ컬ࡢϿһ򸡿䣺 
The explanation is too facile for such a complex phenomenon.
ֽͶӵ˵ڷǳˡ
Effortless  refers to performance in which the application of great strength or skill makes the execution seem easy: 
Effortless  ָ˴üʹðף 
a skater performing an effortless double axel;
ߺѾǰԲ
wrote effortless prose.
ɵдɢġ
Smooth  suggests freedom from hindrances or difficulties that impede progress: 
Smooth  ʾûѷ 
The path of the bill through the legislature was smooth and orderly.
˳رͨ
Light  refers to tasks or impositions that involve no taxing burdens or responsibilities: 
Light  ָ漰˰񸺵εʹ 
light duties;
˰
light taxes. 
˰ 

= =
easily
eas.i.ly
AHD:[?z-l?] 
D.J.[6i8z*li8]
K.K.[6iz*li]
adv.ʣ
In an easy manner; with ease.
ɵأһɵķʽ
Without question; certainly:
ɵأʵأ϶أ
easily the best play this season.
Ǳʵı
In all likelihood; well:
ܿܵģǳܣ
a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster.
һܿܵѵĴ

= =
east
east
AHD:[?st] 
D.J.[i8st]
K.K.[ist]
n.Abbr. E,E.,e,e.ʣд E,E.,e,e.
The cardinal point on the mariner's compass 90= clockwise from due north and directly opposite west.
һλ˳ʱת90ָ෴
The direction of the earth's axial rotation.
תķ
An area or a region lying in the east.
ڶش
Often East 
  East 
The eastern part of the earth, especially eastern Asia.
Ķָ
The eastern part of a region or country.
һҵĶ
Often East 
  East 
The region of the United States east of the Allegheny Mountains and north of the Mason-Dixon Line.
ݣոɽĶ漰÷ɭ-ҿɭϱֽԱĵ
The former Communist bloc of countries in Asia and especially in Eastern Europe.
ţǰ޺رǶŷɵĹ弯
adj.Abbr. E,E.,e,e.ݴʣд E,E.,e,e.
To, toward, of, facing, or in the east.
ģ򶫷ġ򶫷ġԶġλڶ
Originating in or coming from the east:
ԴԶģ
a cool east wind.
ˬĶ
adv.Abbr. E,E.,e,e.ʣд E,E.,e,e.
In, from, or toward the east.
أڶءԶػ򶫷
?
Middle English est 
йӢ est 
from Old English ?t * see  aus- 
Դ Ӣ ?t *μ aus- 

= =
eastern
east.ern
AHD:[?strn] 
D.J.[6i8st*n]
K.K.[6ist*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Situated in, toward, or facing the east.
ģ򶫵ģڡԶ
Coming from the east:
Ӷģ
eastern breezes.

Native to or growing in the east.
صĻԶ
Often Eastern Of, relating to, or characteristic of eastern regions or the East.
  Eastern ģġ֮йصĻж
Eastern 
 Eastern 
Of or relating to the Eastern Church.
ɽ̻ģ붫ɽ̻йص
Of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church.
̵ģ̻ļйص
?
Middle English estern 
йӢ estern 
from Old English ?e * see  aus- 
Դ Ӣ ?e *μ aus- 
?
easternness
n.ʣ

= =
eat
eat
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[i8t]
K.K.[it]
v.ʣ
ate[3t] eat.en[?tn] eat.ing,eats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption.
ԣ콫
To include habitually or by preference in one's diet:
ԣϰ߳ԣϰ߻ƫöԣ
a bird that eats insects, fruit, and seeds; stopped eating red meat on advice from her doctor.
ϰ߳桢ˮӵҽȰֹͣԺɫ
To consume, ravage, or destroy by or as if by ingesting:
̣ʴͨͨġƻ
Covering news in the field eats money(George F. Will)
һҵϢǮ(F.)
To erode or corrode:
ʴɣ
waves that ate away the beach; an acid that eats the surface of a machine part.
ʴ̲ʴ
To produce by or as if by eating:
ʳɡʴɣ
Moths ate holes in our sweaters.
ǵëҧС
Slang To absorb the cost or expense of:
ٵ գջأеģ
You can eat your loss and switch the remaining money to other investment portfolios(Marlys Harris)
԰ʧյȻʣµǮתͶʡ(˹˹)
Informal To bother or annoy:
ʽ ջţ
What's eating him?
ʲô?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To consume food.
Զ
To have or take a meal.
ò
To exercise a consuming or eroding effect:
ʴʴʴʴЧ
a drill that ate away at the rock; exorbitant expenses that were eating into profits.
ӰʯõȵĻѻ
To cause persistent annoyance or distress:
ʹţʹգķջ򲻰
How long will it be before the frustration eats at you?(Howard Kaplan)
ɥã(¡)
?
eat up ٵ
To receive or enjoy enthusiastically or avidly:
̰գΪؽܻ̰ã
She really eats up the constant publicity.
ֲ֧
?
eat crow
To be forced to accept a humiliating defeat.
ȳԵʧ
eat (one's) heart out
To feel bitter anguish or grief.
ʹࣺеʹʹ
To be consumed by jealousy.
ȼʣĿĥ
eat (one's) words
To retract something that one has said.
ʳԣԼ˵Ļַ
eat out of (someone's) hand
To be manipulated or dominated by another.
ˣ˿ƻ
eat (someone) aliveٵ
To overwhelm or defeat thoroughly:
Ʒ򳹵״ܣ
an inexperienced manager who was eaten alive in a competitive corporate environment.
ڸ˾ľУһλ޾ľ״
?
Middle English eten 
йӢ eten 
from Old English etan * see  ed- 
Դ Ӣ etan *μ ed- 
?
eater
n.ʣ
?
eat,consume,devour,ingest
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to take food into the body by the mouth: 
Щʹеһǡ콫ʳڡ 
ate a hearty dinner;
һٿɿڵķ
greedily consumed the sandwich;
̰سԵΣ
hyenas devouring their prey;
Թǵ
whales ingesting krill. 
ȡϺ 

= =
eccentric
ec.cen.tric
AHD:[1k-sntr1k, k-] 
D.J.[!k6sentr!k, ek-]
K.K.[!k6sWntr!k, Wk-]
adj.ݴʣ
Departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern.See Synonyms at strange 
Źֵģ쳣ģƫ빫ϵġĻȶϰ߻ģʽĲμ strange
Deviating from a circular form or path, as in an elliptical orbit.
ƫеģƫԲܹ·ߣԲ
Not situated at or in the geometric center.
ĵģλڻڼĵ
Having the axis located elsewhere than at the geometric center.
ƫģͬĵģڼߵ
n.ʣ
One that deviates markedly from an established norm, especially a person of odd or unconventional behavior.
ŹֵˣԲؼȶˣָΪŹַͳ
Physics A disk or wheel having its axis of revolution displaced from its center so that it is capable of imparting reciprocating motion.
ѧ ƫ֣ת᲻ĵ̻֣ܵܶʼ˶
?
Middle English eccentrik [planetary orbit of which the earth is not at the center] 
йӢ eccentrik [ԵΪĵǹ] 
from Medieval Latin eccentricus [not having the same center] 
Դ  eccentricus [ͬһ] 
from Greek ekkentros 
Դ ϣ ekkentros 
ek- [out of] * see  ecto- 
ek- [] *μ ecto-
kentron [center]  from kentein [to prick] * see  kent- 
kentron []  Դ kentein [̿] *μ kent- 
?
eccentrically
adv.ʣ

= =
echo
ech.o
AHD:[k?] 
D.J.[6ek*&]
K.K.[6Wko]
n.ʣ
 ech.oes 
Repetition of a sound by reflection of sound waves from a surface.
淴ظ
The sound produced in this manner.
ַʽ
A repetition or an imitation:
ظЧ
a fashion that is an echo of an earlier style.
Чʱез糱
A remnant or vestige:
ۼ
found echoes of past civilizations while examining artifacts in the Middle East.
ڵжʷǰʱ˾ʱż
One who imitates another, as in opinions, speech, or dress.
ЧߣӦ棺Ч˹۵㡢ۻװ
A sympathetic response:

Their demand for justice found an echo in communities across the nation.
ǶҪȫ˹
A consequence or repercussion:
Ӱ죬Ӧ
Her resignation had echoes throughout the department.
ĴְӰ
Repetition of certain sounds or syllables in poetry, as in echo verse.
ظһʫĳЩڻظ
Music Soft repetition of a note or phrase.
֡ ࣺ־ظ
Electronics A reflected wave received by a radio or radar.
ѧ 䲨״յķ䲨
v.ʣ
ech.oed,ech.o.ing,ech.oes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To repeat (a sound) by the reflection of sound waves from a surface.
淴ظ
To repeat or imitate:
ظЧ
followers echoing the cries of their leader; events that echoed a previous incident in history.
Чʷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be repeated by or as if by an echo:
ظ죺ƻظ
The shout echoed off the wall. The speaker's words echoed in her mind.
ǽڻ˵ߵĻԺлص
To resound with or as if with an echo; reverberate:
ص죬һظص
rooms echoing with laughter.
Ц
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ??} 
Դ  ??} 
from Greek ??} 
Դ ϣ ??} 
?
echoer
n.ʣ
echoey
adj.ݴʣ
?
echo,reecho,reflect,resound,reverberate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to send back the sound of: 
Щʵ˼ǡء 
a cry echoed by the canyon;
Ͽлصź
a cathedral roof reechoing joyous hymns;
õ춥Żֵʫ
caves that reflect the noise of footsteps;
Ųڶз
cliffs resounding the thunder of the ocean;
˵ĺ±ϻص
blasting reverberated by quarry walls. 
ʯǽڻűը 
?
One might think that our wordecho  is from the name of the nymph Echo, whom Greek mythology associates with echoes.According to one version of her story,she was torn to pieces by 
shepherds driven to this act by the god Pan, who was hopelessly in love with her.Pieces of Echo hidden in the ground still respond to Pan's frenzied cries,producing the phenomena 
known as echoes.A second version of her tale has it that Echo, as a penalty for distracting Hera from observing Zeus's infidelities, lost all power of speech,except the ability to 
reply.This defect lost her the love of Narcissus,which caused Echo to pine away until only her voice was left.The hapless nymph, however, cannot even claim credit for echoesbecause 
the Greek word??,}  the source of Englishecho,  existed with our common noun sense before any mention of Echo is found.Our wordecho  is first recorded in Middle English in a work 
composed in 1340. 
뵽echo ŮƵ֣ ϣйءĹ£һ˵Ϊ˰ָʹ򹷽˺ƬƬڵʱ
ش˵ķкǲ˻һ˵ǣʹú˹ĲңΪͷ˵ֻظ˵Ļȱʹʧȥɫ˹İ
ǰƲֻϧλҵŮ񲢲Ϊ˻ʶӹΪϣekho  Ӣecho Դ κιڰƵĹ
֮ǰʹˡڵĴecho 1340ӢƷ 
?
Echo
Ech.o
AHD:[k?] 
D.J.[6ek*&]
K.K.[6Wko]
n.Greek Mythology ʣϣ񻰡 
A nymph whose unrequited love for Narcissus caused her to pine away until nothing but her voice remained.
ƣ˹Ůֻ

= =
eclipse
e.clipse
AHD:[1-kl1ps] 
D.J.[!6kl!ps]
K.K.[!6kl!ps]
n.ʣ
The partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another.
ʴĲֻȫܵڶûްض۲
The period of time during which such an obscuration occurs.
ʴķڣ䰵ʱ
A temporary or permanent dimming or cutting off of light.
ڱΣްʱõĻ谵޹
A fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline:
Ȼʧɫ˥ˣģķϣ˥ˣ
A composer . . . often goes into eclipse after his death and never regains popularity(Time)
һ˥ˣܻӭ(ʱ)
A disgraceful or humiliating end; a downfall:
û䣬ʻɳܵ³ʧƣ
Revelations of wrongdoing helped bring about the eclipse of the governor's career.
еĽҷݳĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.clipsed,e.clips.ing,e.clips.es 
To cause an eclipse of.
ʴ
To obscure; darken.
ڹ⣻ʹ
To obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or reputation.
ѡڰû䣺ڵλʹʧȥҫû
To surpass; outshine:
Խâǹ
an outstanding performance that eclipsed the previous record.
ܳıݳԽǰļ¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin eclos 
Դ  eclos 
from Greek ekleipsis 
Դ ϣ ekleipsis 
from ekleipein [to fail to appear] 
Դ ekleipein [ܳ] 
ek- [out] * see  ecto- 
ek- [] *μ ecto-
leipein [to leave] * see  leik w- 
leipein [뿪] *μ leik w- 

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ecology
e.col.o.gy
AHD:[1-k?l-j?] 
D.J.[!6kKl*d9i8]
K.K.[!6k$l*d9i]
n.ʣ
 e.col.o.gies д ecol.
The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments.Also called  bionomics 
̬ѧл滷֮ϵΪоĿѧҲ  bionomics
The relationship between organisms and their environment.
̬ϵл滷֮Ĺϵ
The branch of sociology that is concerned with studying the relationships between human groups and their physical and social environments.Also called  human ecology 
̬ѧѧһ֧Ⱥỷ֮ĹϵΪоҲ  human ecology
The study of the detrimental effects of modern civilization on the environment, with a view toward prevention or reversal through conservation.Also called  human ecology 
ѧִԻкӰΪоѧƣĿͨﵽԤƵЧҲ  human ecology
?
German ?kologie 
 ?kologie 
Greek oikos [house] * see  weik- 1
ϣ oikos [] *μ weik- 1
German -logie [study]  from Greek -logia [-logy] 
 -logie [ѧ]  Դ ϣ -logia [׺ѧ] 
?
ecological
AHD:[k-l?j1-kl, ?k-]   eco.logic [-1k] ݴʣ
ecologically
adv.ʣ
ecologist
n.ʣ

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economic
ec.o.nom.ic
AHD:[k-n?m1k, ?k-] 
D.J.[7ek*6nKm!k, 7i8k*-]
K.K.[7Wk*6n$m!k, 7ik*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the production, development, and management of material wealth, as of a country, household, or business enterprise.
õģʲƸչ͹Ļ֮йصģҡͥҵҵ
Of or relating to an economy:
õĻ֮йصģ
a period of sustained economic growth.
ľ
Of or relating to the science of economics:
ѧĻ֮йصģ
new economic theories regarding the effects of deficit spending.
ڳֿ֧ЧӦ¾ѧ
Of or relating to the practical necessities of life; material:
ʵõģйʵƷģʵģ
wrote the book primarily for economic reasons.
дⱾҪΪʵ
Financially rewarding; economical:
ֵõģģýԼģ
It was no longer economic to keep the manufacturing facilities open.
ά豸ӪѾֵ
Efficient; economical:
Чģõģ
an economic use of home heating oil.
ȼ͵Чʹ

= =
economical
ec.o.nom.i.cal
AHD:[k-n?m1-kl, ?k-] 
D.J.[7ek*6nKm!k*l, 7i8k*-]
K.K.[7Wk*6n$m!k*l, 7ik*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Prudent and thrifty in management; not wasteful or extravagant.See Synonyms at sparing 
ڼģƵģڼԼģ˷ѻ򲻻ӻĲμ sparing
Intended to save money, as by efficient operation or elimination of unnecessary features; economic:
ԼģʡģͨЧʵҪʡõģԼģ
a modern, economical heating system; an economical approach to control of corporate growth.
ͽܹůϵͳƹ˾չľֶ
?
economically
adv.ʣ

= =
economics
ec.o.nom.ics
AHD:[k-n?m1ks, ?k-] 
D.J.[7ek*6nKm!ks, 7i8k*-]
K.K.[7Wk*6n$m!ks, 7ik*-]
n.Abbr. econ.ʣд econ.
(used with a sing. verb)The social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services and with the theory and management of economies or 
economic systems.
뵥ãѧƷԼû򾭼ϵͳۺ͹Ϊоѧ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Economic matters, especially relevant financial considerations:
뵥ã¼ָйزģ
Economics are slowly killing the family farm(Christian Science Monitor)
ʹͥũ塱(̿ѧԱ)

= =
economy
e.con.o.my
AHD:[1-k?n-m?] 
D.J.[!6kKn*mi8]
K.K.[!6k$n*mi]
n.ʣ
 e.con.o.mies д econ.
Careful, thrifty management of resources, such as money, materials, or labor:
ԼԴǮʻͶľϸ㾭Ӫ
learned to practice economy in making out the household budget.
ƶͥԤʱѧᾫϸ
An example or result of such management; a saving.
־Ӫӻ
The system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community:
壺ҡȺľûϵͷΧ
Effects of inflation were felt at every level of the economy.
ͨӰ쵽ÿһýײ
A specific type of economic system:
ƶȣضϵͣ
an industrial economy; a planned economy.
ҵƣƻ
An orderly, functional arrangement of parts; an organized system:
֯ṹġ˵У֯ϵ
the sense that there is a moral economy in the world, that good is rewarded and evil is punished(George F. Will)
ֹ۵Ϊһ׵ϵƱж񱨡(F.)
Efficient, sparing, or conservative use:
࣬ЧʣЧġڼĻбʹõģ
wrote with an economy of language; a well-organized group that worked with an economy of effort.
Լдһ֯ʡ
Economy class.
ò
Theology The method of God's government of and activity within the world.
ѧ ãͳķͻ
adj.ݴʣ
Economical or inexpensive to buy or use:
۵ģ˵ģõĻʹģ
an economy car; an economy motel.
һ˵ĳһұ˵ù
?
Middle English yconomye [management of a household] 
йӢ yconomye [ܼ] 
from Latin oeconomia 
Դ  oeconomia 
from Greek oikonomia 
Դ ϣ oikonomia 
from oikonomos [one who manages a household] 
Դ oikonomos [ݵ] 
oikos [house] * see  weik- 1
oikos [] *μ weik- 1
nemein [to allot, manage] * see  nem- 
nemein [䣬Ӫ] *μ nem- 
?
Managing an economy has at least an etymological justification.The wordeconomy can probably be traced back to the Greek word oikonomos,  one who manages a household, 
derived fromoikos,  house, and nemein,  to manage. Fromoikonomos  was derived oikonomia,  which had not only the sense management of a houseold or family but also 
senses such as thrift, direction, administration, arrangement, and public revenue of a state.The first recorded sense of our wordeconomy,  found in a work 
possibly composed in 1440, is the management of economic affairs, in this case, of a monastery.  Economy  is later recorded in other senses shared byoikonomia  in Greek, 
including thrift and administration.What is probably our most frequently used current sense, the economic system of a country or an area, seems not to have developed 
until the 19th or 20th century.
ÿԴӴԴϵõȷϡeconomy һʵԴܿ׷ݵϣе oikonomos ܼҡ Ǵoikos ΪӡԼ nemein Ϊݻ 
oikonomos  oikonomia ˼Сͥ СԼָʾš롱Ⱥ塣Economy ʵ˼Լ1440
һƪƷϣ˼ɮԺġ¼  Economy  ڴ֮˼ϣoikonomia ֮ Լֱ͡19ͻ20ͣ
õ˼ſʼ֣һľϵ

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edge
edge
AHD:[j] 
D.J.[ed9]
K.K.[Wd9]
n.ʣ
A thin, sharpened side, as of the blade of a cutting instrument.
УһֱĲߣиþߵĵ
The degree of sharpness of a cutting blade.
̶ȣиķ̶
A penetrating, incisive quality:
͸̵ԣ
His simplicity sets off the satire, and gives it a finer edge(William Hazlitt)
Ĵӷзζӡ̡()
Keenness, as of desire or enjoyment; zest:
ԣֵǿңȣ
The brisk walk gave an edge to my appetite.
ɵɢʹҵʳӲ
The line of intersection of two surfaces:
ԵˣƽӴĽߣ
the edge of a brick; the rounded edges of the table.
שıԵӵĻԵ
A rim or brink:
Եߣ
the edge of a cliff.
µıԵ
The area or part away from the middle; an extremity:
ĩˣԶĵĵ򲿷֣ˣ
lifted the edge of the carpet.
̺ĩ
A dividing line; a border:
߽磺ֽߣ߽磺
a house on the edge of town.See Synonyms at border 
߽ķݲμ border
A point of transition:
ת۵㣺
on the edge of war.
ڿսıԵ
A margin of superiority; an advantage:
Ƶĳ̶ȣǿƣ
a slight edge over the opposition.See Synonyms at advantage 
ȶԾƲμ advantage
v.ʣ
edged,edg.ing,edg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give an edge to (a blade); sharpen.
Уĥߣʹ
Sports To tilt (a ski or both skis) in such a way that an edge or both edges bite into the snow.
˶ бѩ壺ʹһֻֻѩһ˫඼ѩ
To put a border or edge on:
ڡϼӱ߽磺
edged the quilt with fanciful embroidery.
ޱԵص
To act as or be an edge of:
Ϊı߽磺
flowers that edged the garden path.
Ż԰СŵĻ
To advance or push slightly or gradually:
ʹ𽥵ǰƽ
The dog edged the ball toward the child with its nose.
ñӰƸ
To trim or shape the edge of:
޼ԵԵͣ
edge a lawn.
ݵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move gradually or hesitantly:
ɵƶ
The child edged toward the door.
⺢
?
edge out
To surpass or beat by a small margin:
ż΢Ƴʤ
The downhill racer edged her opponent out on the middle stretch.
»ѩѡֽĶܵ
?
on edge
Highly tense or nervous; irritable.
ŵģ߶ȽŻ򲻰ģŭ
on the edge
In a precarious position.
߽״̬ڲȶ״̬
In a state of keen excitement, as from danger or risk:
˷ܣڸ߶˷״̬Σջðģ
the excitement of combat, of living on the edge(Nelson DeMille)
һսļ(ɶѷҮ)
?
Middle English egge 
йӢ egge 
from Old English ecg * see  ak- 
Դ Ӣ ecg *μ ak- 
?
edgeless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
edible
ed.i.ble
AHD:[d-bl] 
D.J.[6ed*b*l]
K.K.[6Wd*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Fit to be eaten:
ʳõģ
edible roots; an edible mushroom.
ʳһֿʳĢ
n.ʣ
Something fit to be eaten; food:
ɳԵĶʳ
edibles such as vegetables and meat.
߲˺ʳ
?
Late Latin edibilis 
 edibilis 
from Latin edere [to eat] * see  ed- 
Դ  edere [] *μ ed- 
?
edibility  
edibleness
n.ʣ

= =
edit
ed.it
AHD:[d1t] 
D.J.[6ed!t]
K.K.[6Wd!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ed.it.ed,ed.it.ing,ed.its 
To prepare (written material) for publication or presentation, as by correcting, revising, or adapting.
༭Ϊ򹫲׼ϣͨ޸Ļд
To prepare an edition of for publication:
УΪ׼汾
edit a collection of short stories.
жƪС˵
To modify or adapt so as to make suitable or acceptable:
޸ģ޸Ļıʹ֮˻ڽܣ
edited her remarks for presentation to a younger audience.
޸ʺ
To supervise the publication of (a newspaper or magazine, for example).
ࣺ磨磬ֽ־ĳ
To assemble the components of (a film or soundtrack, for example), as by cutting and splicing.
У磬ӰƬ¼ĸ֣ͨúƴ
To eliminate; delete:
ɾ
edited the best scene out.
ɾõһĻ
n.ʣ
An act or instance of editing:
༭༭Ϊʵ
made several last-minute edits for reasons of space.
ʱ˼ƪ
?
Partly back-formation from editor 
Ϊ editorɴ
and partly from French diter [to publish]  from Latin ?s [past participle of] ?dere * see  edition 
ҲԴ  diter []  Դ  ?s  [] ?dereĹȥִ *μ edition
?
The wordedit  is often cited as an example of back-formation. In other words, edit  is not the source ofeditor,  asdive  is of diver,  the expected derivational pattern;rather, the reverse is 
the case. Edit  in the sense to prepare for publication, first recorded in 1793,comes fromeditor,  first recorded in 1712 in the sense one who edits.There is more to the story, 
however. Edit  also partly comes from the French wordditer,  to publish, edit, first recorded in 1784.In the case ofedit,  two processes, borrowing and back-formation, have thus 
occurred either independently or together,perhaps one person takingedit  from French originally, another fromeditor,  and yet a third from both.
edit Ϊ湹ʵһ 仰˵ edit  editor Դ dive  diver Դ еģʽȻ湹ֻһַѡ 
Edit  Ϊ׼¼1793꣬Ǵeditor ģ 1712ԡ༭ߡ״μ¼ﻹиĹ¡ Edit  һԴڷʨditer 
桢༭ ¼1784ꡣedit кʹ̣湹 ǷֿҲͬʱãһ˴ԭнedit ֣ 
һeditor ֣ ȴԴеõ

= =
edition
e.di.tion
AHD:[1-d1shn] 
D.J.[!6d!.*n]
K.K.[!6d!.*n]
n.Abbr. ed.,edit.ʣд ed.,edit.
The entire number of copies of a publication issued at one time or from a single set of type.
汾ͬڷеĳӡһְʽӡ
A single copy from this group.
ðеһ
The form in which a publication is issued:
汾ʽﱻеķʽ
a paperback edition of a novel; an annotated edition of Shakespeare.
ƽװС˵ɯʿƷעͰ
A version of an earlier publication having substantial changes or additions:
޶棺ǰĳش޸Ļӵİ汾
a newly revised edition of a standard reference work.
һο޶
All the copies of a specified issue of a newspaper:
һŷӡ
the morning edition; the Sunday edition.
籨ձ
A broadcast of a radio or television news program:
ŽĿ㲥ŽĿĲ
Thursday's edition of the six o'clock news.
ĵ
The entire number of like or identical items issued or produced as a set:
棺Ϊһ׷лƻͬƷ
a limited edition of early jazz recordings; a signed edition of a group of lithographs.
ھʿֵ泪Ƭǩİ滭
Any of the various or successive forms in which something is offered or presented:
ڿһֵֻʽֵ̳ʽ
this year's edition of fall fashions from Paris.
װڿ
One that closely resembles an original; a version:
ԭＫƵ棺
The boy was a smaller edition of his father.
к׵Сŷ
?
Middle English edicion [version, translation] 
йӢ edicion [汾] 
from Latin ??}  ?diti?n- [publication, production] 
Դ  ??}  ?diti?n- [Ʒ] 
from ?s [past participle of] ?dere [to publish, produce] 
Դ ?s  [] ?dereĹȥִ [棬] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺] 
dare [to give] * see  d?- 
dare [] *μ d?- 

= =
editor
ed.i.tor
AHD:[d1-tr] 
D.J.[6ed!t*]
K.K.[6Wd!t+]
n.Abbr. ed.,edit.ʣд ed.,edit.
One who edits, especially as an occupation.
༭༭ߣָԴΪҵ
One who writes editorials.
ʣд۵
A device for editing film, consisting basically of a splicer and viewer.
ӰƬװãӰƬװãƴʾ
Computer Science A program or set of instructions used to edit text or data files.
ѧ ༭༭Ա༭ıļĳָ
?
Late Latin ?r [publisher] 
 ?r [] 
from Latin ?s [past participle of] ?dere [to publish] * see  edition 
Դ  ?s  [] ?dereĹȥִ [] *μ edition

= =
editorial
ed.i.to.ri.al
AHD:[d1-t?r?-l, -t?r-] 
D.J.[7ed!6t%8ri8*l, -6t*&r-]
K.K.[7Wd!6t%ri*l, -6tor-]
n.ʣ
An article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.
ۣб༭һ
A commentary on television or radio expressing the opinion of the station or network.
̨̨̨ۣϲı̨
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to an editor or editing:
༭ģ༭Ļ༭йصģ
an editorial position with a publishing company; an editorial policy prohibiting the use of unnamed sources.
湫˾һ༭ְλֹʹδϵı༭
Of or resembling an editorial, especially in expressing an opinion:
۵ģ۵ġƵģָڱ棺
an editorial comment.

?
editorially
adv.ʣ

= =
educate
ed.u.cate
AHD:[j-k3t] 
D.J.[6ed9*7ke!t]
K.K.[6Wd9*7ket]
v.ʣ
ed.u.cat.ed,ed.u.cat.ing,ed.u.cates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To develop the innate capacities of, especially by schooling or instruction.See Synonyms at teach 
ڵָͨѧУָμ teach
To provide with knowledge or training in a particular area or for a particular purpose:
ѵضΪضĿĶṩ֪ʶѵ
decided to educate herself in foreign languages; entered a seminary to be educated for the priesthood.
ѧѧԺʦְҵѵ
To provide with information; inform:
̵ṩϢ֪ͨ
a campaign that educated the public about the dangers of smoking.
һк˶
To bring to an understanding or acceptance:
ʹܣ
hoped to educate the voters to the need for increased spending on public schools.
ϣѡ˽ӹѧУ֧ıҪ
To stimulate or develop the mental or moral growth of.
ٽ򿪷¹
To develop or refine (one's taste or appreciation, for example).
ʹϲãø
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To teach or instruct a person or group.
̵ָһ˻һȺ
?
Middle English educaten 
йӢ educaten 
from Latin ?3re}  ?duc3tus * see  deuk- 
Դ  ?3re}  ?duc3tus *μ deuk- 

= =
education
ed.u.ca.tion
AHD:[j-k3shn] 
D.J.[7ed9*6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7Wd9*6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. ed.,educ.ʣд ed.,educ.
The act or process of educating or being educated.
򱻽״̬
The knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process.
֪ʶѧϰյĻչ֪ʶ
A program of instruction of a specified kind or level:
ݣضˮƽϵĽ̵Ŀ
driver education; a college education.
ʻԱѵѧ
The field of study that is concerned with the pedagogy of teaching and learning.
ѧоѧѧ
An instructive or enlightening experience:
ѵָԻԵľ飺
Her work in the inner city was a real education.
ڳڵĹȷһѵ

= =
effect
ef.fect
AHD:[1-fkt] 
D.J.[!6fekt]
K.K.[!6fWkt]
n.ʣ
Something brought about by a cause or an agent; a result.
ĳԭΪ£
The power to produce an outcome or achieve a result; influence:
Ӱ죬ЧãĳֽӰ죺
The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. The government's action had no effect on the trade imbalance.
ҩֹʹЧΪҵ
A scientific law, hypothesis, or phenomenon:
裬󣺿Ƽɡ
the photovoltaic effect.
ЧӦ
Advantage; avail:
棻Ч棺
used her words to great effect in influencing the jury.
ĻӰ
The condition of being in full force or execution:
ʵʩʵУЧʵʩ״
a new regulation that goes into effect tomorrow.
·Ч
Something that produces a specific impression or supports a general design or intention:
ܣЧӡΪ֧ƵĶ
The lighting effects emphasized the harsh atmosphere of the drama.
ƹЧǿϷп
A particular impression:
ӡ
large windows that gave an effect of spaciousness.
󴰻һֿտ
Production of a desired impression:
ӡһӡĲ
spent lavishly on dinner just for effect.
ͳԵúݳ˷ֻΪϺÿ
The basic or general meaning; import:
ּּ⣻Ҫ㣺
He said he was greatly worried, or words to that effect.
˵ǳǣ˼
effects Movable belongings; goods.
 effects ƶĲƲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ef.fect.ed,ef.fect.ing,ef.fects 
To bring into existence.
ʹ
To produce as a result.
ʵ֣һֽ
To bring about.See Usage Note at affect 1
μ affect1
?
in effect
In essence; to all purposes:
ʵϣϣ
testimony that in effect contradicted her earlier statement.
֤ʵǰĻ෴
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin effectus [past participle of] efficere [to accomplish] 
Դ  effectus  [] efficereĹȥִ [ʵ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰ] 
facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
effecter
n.ʣ
effectible
adj.ݴʣ
?
effect,consequence,result,outcome,upshot,sequel
These nouns denote something, such as an occurrence, a situation, or a condition, that is brought about by a cause.Aneffect is produced by the action of an agent or a cause and follows 
it in time:  
Щʱʾĳԭ¼ȡeffect ΪߵΪԭģ  
Every cause produces more than one effect (Herbert Spencer).Aconsequence also follows a cause and is traceable to it, but the relationship between them is less sharply definable: 
ÿԭɲ ݲء˹consequence Ҳԭ𲢿׷ݵԭ ʼĹϵϸ綨 
Servitude is at once the consequence of his crime and the punishment of his guilt (John P. Curran). Aresult is an effect, or the last in a series of effects, that is viewed as the end 
product of the operation of the cause:  
ǿͶΪĽͶеĳͷ ԼPףresult һֽϵнһΪԭ²  
Judging from the results I have seen . . . I cannot say . . . that I agree with you (William H. Mallock).Anoutcome is a result but more strongly than result  implies finality and may 
suggest the operation of a cause over a relatively long period: 
ҿĺҲ˵ͬ㡱 Hˣoutcome Ϊһֽ result Ҫǿң ʾսԭ˽ϳһʱԺĽ 
If you had refused, the outcome would probably not have been very different. Anupshot is a decisive result, often of the nature of a climax:  
ܾĻҲҲʲôͬ upshot һ־Խݸ߳  
The upshot of the matter . . . was that she showed both of them the door (Robert Louis Stevenson).Asequel is a consequence that ensues after a lapse of time:  
Ľ֡˶ϳš ޲ء·˹ʷɭsequel һһʱ֮ٲĽ  
Our dreams are the sequel of our waking knowledge (Ralph Waldo Emerson).See also Synonyms at  perform 
ǵʱʶļ ߶ࡤĬμͬ perform

= =
effective
ef.fec.tive
AHD:[1-fkt1v] 
D.J.[!6fekt!v]
K.K.[!6fWkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having an intended or expected effect.
ЧģԤڻȼЧ
Producing a strong impression or response; striking:
ӡģ˵ģһӡӦģģ
gave an effective performance as Othello.
ڰ޵ݳӡ
Operative; in effect:
ЧģʵʩУЧģ
The law is effective immediately.
Ч
Existing in fact; actual:
ʵڵģʵʵģʵڵģʵϵģ
a decline in the effective demand.
ʵ½
Prepared for use or action, especially in warfare.
սģսģΪʹûж׼ģָս
n.ʣ
A soldier or a piece of military equipment that is ready for combat:
սΪս׼ʿĳһ豸
The company was no more than two platoons of effectives(Tom Clancy)
ǲŵĲ(ķ)
?
effectiveness  
effectivity
n.ʣ
?
effective,effectual,efficacious,efficient
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is producing or capable of producing a desired effect: 
ЩݴʵǡܲĽ 
an effective reprimand;
Чĳͽ䣻
an effectual complaint;
Ч
an efficacious remedy;
ҩ
the efficient cause of the revolution. ineffective 
Чԭ ineffective

= =
efficiency
ef.fi.cien.cy
AHD:[1-f1shn-s?] 
D.J.[!6f!.*nsi8]
K.K.[!6f!.*nsi]
n.ʣ
 ef.fi.cien.cies д eff.
The quality or property of being efficient.
ЧܣйЧ
The degree to which this quality is exercised:
Чܴﵽĳ̶ȣ
The program was implemented with great efficiency and speed.
ĿԼЧʺٶȱʵʩ
The ratio of the effective or useful output to the total input in any system.
ЧʣĳһϵͳЧĻõĲͶı
The ratio of the energy delivered by a machine to the energy supplied for its operation.
ʣһı
An efficiency apartment.
ԢС׼

= =
efficient
ef.fi.cient
AHD:[1-f1shnt] 
D.J.[!6f!.*nt]
K.K.[!6f!.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Acting directly to produce an effect:
ЧģֱӲĳһģ
an efficient cause.See Synonyms at effective 
ֱԭμ effective
Acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort.
ЧģԽٵ˷ѡ򲻱ҪŬȥ
Exhibiting a high ratio of output to input.
ЧģͶֵߵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin effici?s  efficient- [present participle of] efficere [to effect] * see  effect 
Դ  effici?s  efficient-  [] efficereڷִ [Ч] *μ effect
?
efficiently
adv.ʣ

= =
effort
ef.fort
AHD:[frt] 
D.J.[6ef*t]
K.K.[6Wf*t]
n.ʣ
The use of physical or mental energy to do something; exertion.
ŬķѾĳ£Ѿ
A difficult exertion of the strength or will:
£ѵ£ѵغķѾ
It was an effort to get up.
ǼѾ
A usually earnest attempt:
ָǳĳԣ
Make an effort to arrive promptly.
Щϵ
Something done or produced through exertion; an achievement:
ɾͣɹͨŬĻ£ɹ
a play that was his finest effort.
һΪѳɹϷ
Physics Force applied against inertia.
ѧ Թʩӵһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French esfort 
Դ ŷ esfort 
from esforcier [to force, exert] 
Դ esforcier [ʹ] 
from Medieval Latin exforti3e 
Դ  exforti3e 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺] 
Latin fortis [strong] * see  bhergh- 2
 fortis [ǿ] *μ bhergh- 2
?
effortful
adj.ݴʣ
effortfully
adv.ʣ
?
effort,exertion,endeavor,application,pains,trouble
These nouns refer to the expenditure of physical or mental energy to accomplish something.
ЩʱʾΪĳ¶ķ
 Effort  applies to an attempt, great or small, to do something;where it is not qualified, the term usually implies a substantial expenditure of time, strength, or faculties: 
 Effort  ָСĳĳ£û޶ʱʾ˲ʱ䡢 
What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure (Samuel Johnson).
ѾдĶ֮Ȥ ѶԼ
 Exertion  implies the exercise of vigorous effort: 
 Exertion  ʾ澫ĺķѣ 
England has saved herself by her exertions (William Pitt the Younger).
ӢͨԼŬԼ Сأ
 Endeavor  suggests earnest striving to achieve a serious goal: 
 Endeavor  ָĳһĿŬ 
There must be positive endeavors to preserve peace (Franklin D. Roosevelt).
϶˾άƽġ ֡D˹
 Application   connotes diligence, persistence, and hard work: 
 Application  ָڷܡ֮ԺŬ֮⣺ 
He succeeded in his studies by dint of steadfast application.
ڼֲиŬѧҵϵĳɹ
Pains  implies attentive or laborious effort: 
Pains  ָеĻ͵Ŭ 
Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains (Jane Ellice Hopkins).
޾Ŀࡱ 򡤰˿˹
 Trouble  refers to effort that causes inconvenience or bother: 
 Trouble  ָЩ𲻱ŵŬ 
Many people watch the news on television to save themselves the trouble of reading the newspaper. 
˿Ŷʡȥ鷳 

= =
egg
egg 1
AHD:[g] 
D.J.[eg]
K.K.[Wg]
n.ʣ
A female gamete; an ovum.Also called  egg cell 
ӣϸҲ  egg cell
The round or oval female reproductive body of various animals, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and insects, consisting usually of an embryo surrounded by nutrient 
material and a protective covering.
ѣࡢ桢ܶȶֶԲλԲεĴ壬ͨһӪʰΧ̥һԸǲ
The oval, thin-shelled reproductive body of a bird, especially that of a hen, used as food.
ָࣨĸԲɱǸǵ壬ʳ
Something having the ovoid shape of an egg.
״缦ĳ
Slang A fellow; a person:
ٵ һˣ
He's a good egg.
Ǹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
egged,egg.ing,eggs 
To cover with beaten egg, as in cooking.
õôƵļǣ
Slang To throw eggs at.
ٵ ӵ
?
put all (one's) eggs in one basket 
have all (one's) eggs in one basket ʽ
To risk everything on a single venture.
עһеһзһð
egg on (one's) faceʽ
Embarrassment; humiliation:
Σ裺
If you do that, you'll end up with egg on your face.
ҪǼ£ؽԳ
?
Middle English egge [bird's egg] 
йӢ egge [] 
from Old Norse egg * see  awi- 
Դ ˹ά egg *μ awi- 
?
eggless
adj.ݴʣ
eggy
adj.ݴʣ
?
egg
egg 2
AHD:[g] 
D.J.[eg]
K.K.[Wg]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
egged,egg.ing,eggs 
To encourage or incite to action:
ɿж
The racing fans egged their favorites on. My friends just egged me to drive faster.
Ըǿõѡּ͡ҵҿٿ
?
Middle English eggen 
йӢ eggen 
from Old Norse eggja * see  ak- 
Դ ˹ά eggja *μ ak- 

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ego
e.go
AHD:[?g?, g?] 
D.J.[6i8g*&, 6eg*&]
K.K.[6igo, 6Wgo]
n.ʣ
 e.gos 
The self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves.
ңԼңָͬ
In psychoanalysis, the division of the psyche that is conscious, most immediately controls thought and behavior, and is most in touch with external reality.
ңھѧָʶֱӵؿ˼ΪⲿϵҲǲ
An exaggerated sense of self-importance; conceit.
ԸȵҪУԸ
Appropriate pride in oneself; self-esteem.
ģʶȵҽ
?
New Latin 
ִ 
from Latin [I] * see  eg 
Դ  [] *μ eg 

= =
eight
eight
AHD:[3t] 
D.J.[e!t]
K.K.[et]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 7 + 1.
ˣ7+1Ļ
The eighth in a set or sequence.
ڰˣһһ˳еĵڰ˸
Something having eight parts, units, or members, especially:
˸һ飺а˸ֻԱĶָ
Sports An eight-oared racing shell.
˶ ˽Ļ
An eight-cylinder engine or motor vehicle.
׷
?
Middle English eighte 
йӢ eighte 
from Old English eahta * see  okt?(u) 
Դ Ӣ eahta *μ okt?(u) 
?
eight
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
eighteen
eight.een
AHD:[3-t?n] 
D.J.[e!6ti8n]
K.K.[e6tin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 17 + 1.
ʮˣ17+1Ļ
The 18th in a set or sequence.
ʮˣһһ˳еĵʮ˸
?
Middle English eightetene 
йӢ eightetene 
from Old English eahtat?e * see  okt?(u) 
Դ Ӣ eahtat?e *μ okt?(u) 
?
eighteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
eighth
eighth
AHD:[3tth, 3th] 
D.J.[e!tG, e!G]
K.K.[etG, eG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number eight in a series.
ڰˣһжӦ8
One of eight equal parts.
˷֮һ˸Ȳ֮һ
?
Middle English eighthe 
йӢ eighthe 
from Old English eahtotha 
Դ Ӣ eahtotha 
from eahta [eight] * see  okt?(u) 
Դ eahta [] *μ okt?(u) 
?
eighth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
eighty
eight.y
AHD:[3t?] 
D.J.[6e!ti8]
K.K.[6eti]
n.ʣ
 eight.ies 
The cardinal number equal to 8  10.
ʮ810Ļ
eighties 
 eighties 
Often Eighties The decade from 80 to 89 in a century.
  Eighties ʮĳһʹ8089ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 80 to 89:
8089ʮʮ
They were still active in their eighties. Before noon, the temperature shot into the eighties.
ȻʮȻܻԾ֮ǰ¾ߵʮ
?
Middle English eighti 
йӢ eighti 
from Old English eahtatig * see  okt?(u) 
Դ Ӣ eahtatig *μ okt?(u) 
?
eighty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
either
ei.ther
AHD:[?Yr, oYr] 
D.J.[6i8H*, 6a!H*]
K.K.[6iH+, 6a!H+]
pron.ʣ
The one or the other:
һһеһһ
Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine.
뿴һӰ?Ĳ
conj.Ӵʣ
Used before the first of two or more coordinates or clauses linked byor : 
򡭻򡭣ػǡҪôҪôԻ ӵгɷֻ־ĵһ֮ǰ 
Either we go now or we remain here forever.
ҪôߣҪôԶȥ
adj.ݴʣ
Any one of two; one or the other:
һģ֮һģһһ
Wear either coat.
ļ·
One and the other; each:
ģԵģ֮Уһһÿģ
rings on either hand.
ֻϵĶŽָ
adv.ʣ
Likewise; also. Used as an intensive following negative statements:
ҲͬҲΪǿɷڷ񶨳֮
If you don't order a dessert, I won't either.
㲻㣬Ҳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ??ghw?ther} * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ ??ghw?ther} *μ k wo- 
?
The traditional rule holds thateither  should be used only to refer to one of two items and thatany  is required when more than two items are involved: 
ͳΪeither ָֻ֮һ 漰ߵʱӦany  
Any  (not either ) of the three opposition candidates still in the race would make a better president than the incumbent.  
ڲμӾѡԵѡеκ  either ) һͳɵøá  
But reputable writers have often violated this rule,and in any case it applies only to the use ofeither  as a pronoun or an adjective. Wheneither  is used as a conjunction no paraphrase 
withany  is available, and soeither  is unexceptionable even when it applies to more than two clauses:  
ҾΥֻeither ʻݴʱ either Ӵʱ any ûӦʣ ԼʹӶӾʱҲҪ
either   
Either the union will make a counteroffer or the original bid will be refused by the board or the deal will go ahead as scheduled.  
߹һ෴Ľ飬߶»ܾԭҪۣ°ԭƻС 
Ineither  . . . or  constructions, the two conjunctions should be followed by parallel elements.The following is regarded as incorrect:You may either have the ring or the bracelet (properly, 
You may have either the ring or the bracelet ). The following is also incorrect:She can take either the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview  (properly, She 
can either take  . . . ).  When used as a pronoun,either is singular and takes a singular verb: The two left-wing parties disagree with each other more than either does  (not do ) with the 
right.  When followed byof  and a plural noun, either is often used with a plural verb:  
either  or ṹУ ӴʺӦгɷ֡仰ΪǲȷģYou may either have the ring or the bracelet ȷӦ You may have either the ring or the 
bracelet ȿнָҲ  ҲǲԵģShe can take either the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview ȷӦǣ She can 
either take Բμṩ˵ĿԣҲҪһԡ Ϊʱeither ǵӦõʽ The two left-wing parties disagree with each 
other more than either does   do ) with the right.֮ķκһķ綼Ҫ  of һʵʱ either 붯ʸʽ
ϣ  
Either of the parties have enough support to form a government. 
Щһ㹻֧һ 
But this usage is widely regarded as incorrect;in an earlier survey it was rejected by 92 percent of the Usage Panel. When all the elements in aneither . . . or  construction (or a 
neither . . . nor  construction) used as the subject of a sentence are singular, the verb is singular: 
÷ͨΪǲȷģǰĵ÷ʹСٷ֮ʮĳԱ񶨡Ϊeitheror ṹ neithernor ṹегɷֶǵ
ʱ ҲӦõ 
Either Eve or Herb has been invited.  
ͺղ ˡ  
Analogously, when all the elements in theeither . . . or  construction are plural, the verb is plural too: 
Ƶأeitheror ṹеĳɷֶǸʱ ҲӦø 
Either the Clarks or the Kays have been invited.  
ȫҺͿȫҶ ˡ  
When the construction mixes singular and plural elements, however,there is some confusion as to which form the verb should take.It has sometimes been suggested that the verb 
should agree with whichever noun phrase is closest to it;thus one would writeEither Eve or the Kays  have been invited,  butEither the Kays or Eve  has been invited.  This pattern is 
accepted by 54 percent of the Usage Panel.Others have maintained that the construction is fundamentally inconsistent whichever number is assigned to the verband that such 
sentences should be rewritten accordingly.As Wilson Follett put it:
Ȼṹмеиɷֵʱ򣬶Ӧȡʲôʽ˵ʱ鶯ʵ˳ƺӦʶӦ˵Either Eve or the Kays have 
been invited  Either the Kays or Eve has been invited  ָʽ÷ʹС54ĳԱܡҲΪܶʲô ṹ϶һµģ
ľӦдѷ˵ģ
This [construction] is defensible, but a workmanlike writer may put his pride in not writing sentences that need defending.See Usage Note at every ,neither ,or 1
վסŵģǾõӦдΪ֮绤ľӶеμ every,neither,or1

= =
eject
e.ject
AHD:[1-jkt] 
D.J.[!6d9ekt]
K.K.[!6d9Wkt]
v.ʣ
e.ject.ed,e.ject.ing,e.jects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw out forcefully; expel.
ӳ
To compel to leave:
ǿ뿪
The patron of the bar was ejected for creating a disturbance.
ưɿΪɧұǿ뿪
To evict:

tenants who were ejected for violations of their lease.
ΥԼĵ軧
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an emergency exit from an aircraft by deployment of an ejection seat or capsule.
õλմӷڵ
?
Middle English ejecten 
йӢ ejecten 
from Latin ?e  ?iect- 
Դ  ?e  ?iect- ?- [ex-] ?- [] 
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [] *μ y?- 
?
ejectable
adj.ݴʣ
ejective
adj.ݴʣ
?
eject,expel,evict,dismiss,oust
These verbs mean to put out by force. Toeject is to throw or cast out from within:  
ЩָEject ָڲӳ  
The fire ejected yellow flames into the night sky.
ҹɫĻ档
The heckler was ejected from the auditorium for creating a disturbance.
嵷ɧұϳá
Expel   means to drive out or away;it implies permanent removal: 
Expel  ָϳߣζ 
expelled the invaders from the country;
߸ϳң
expel a student from a university.
ѧӴѧ￪
Evict   most commonly refers to the expulsion of persons from property, as for failing to live up to the terms of a lease, by legal process: 
Evict  ָͨͨɳĳ˴ӵز統˲ܴﵽԼϵʱ 
evicted the tenants to convert the building into condominiums.
סԱ㽫ĳɳ۵Ĵá
Dismiss  refers to putting someone or something out of one's mind (trying to dismiss his fears )  or, in law, to refusing to give something, such as an appeal or a complaint, further 
consideration (dismissed the case for lack of evidence ). 
Dismiss  ָĳ˻ĳ´ĳͷȥη  ڷϾܾ߻ظĿǣΪȱ֤ݶ˰  
 Oust  is applied chiefly to the removing of persons from a position, such as a political office, by means lawful or otherwise: 
 Oust  Ҫָ򵥵ͨɻֶνĳ˴λãְλϳְ 
There were no grounds for ousting the prime minister. 
ûɰ̨ 

= =
elaborate
e.lab.o.rate
AHD:[1-l2br-1t] 
D.J.[!6l#b*r!t]
K.K.[!6l#b*r!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details.
ģڶಿֻϸڸ辫עļƻ
Intricate and rich in detail.
Ӿ
v.ʣ
e.lab.o.rat.ed,e.lab.o.rat.ing,e.lab.o.rates[1-l2b-r3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To work out with care and detail; develop thoroughly.
꾡
To produce by effort; create.
Ŭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become elaborate.
ø
To express at greater length or in greater detail:
øƪϸڱ
asked me to elaborate on my proposal.
ϸ˵ҵ
?
Latin ??r3tus} [past participle of] ?lab?r3re [to work out] 
 ??r3tus}  [] ?lab?r3reĹȥִ [] ?- [intensive pref.] * see  ex- ?- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ex-
lab?3re} [to work]  from lab?r [work] 
lab?3re} []  Դ lab?r [] 
?
elaborately
adv.ʣ
elaborateness
n.ʣ
elaboration
n.ʣ
elaborator
n.ʣ
?
elaborate,complicated,intricate
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by complexity of detail: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡϸڸΪġ 
an elaborate lace pattern;
ӾĻͼ
the eye, a complicated organ;
۾ӵ٣
an intricate problem. simple 
۸ӵ simple

= =
elapse
e.lapse
AHD:[1-l2ps] 
D.J.[!6l#ps]
K.K.[!6l#ps]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
e.lapsed,e.laps.ing,e.laps.es 
To slip by; pass:
Ĺȥţ
Weeks elapsed before we could start renovating.
ܹȥǲſʼ޸
n.ʣ
Passage; lapse:
ȥȥ
met again after an elapse of many years.

?
Latin ?3bo}  ?l3ps- 
 ?3bo}  ?l3ps- ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺⣬] 
l3o} [to slip] 
l3o} [Ȼȥ] 

= =
elastic
e.las.tic
AHD:[1-l2st1k] 
D.J.[!6l#st!k]
K.K.[!6l#st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Easily resuming original shape after being stretched or expanded; flexible.See Synonyms at flexible 
͵ģеԵģ쳤չ׻ָԭ״ģ͵Ĳμ flexible
Springy; rebounding.
еģеԵ
Physics Returning to or capable of returning to an initial form or state after deformation.
ѧ صģαԺָָܹԭ״״̬
Quick to recover, as from disappointment:
ָܻģѸٻָģʧлָ
an elastic spirit.
ʵľ
Capable of adapting to change or a variety of circumstances.
ģܹ˳Ӧ仯ͬ
n.ʣ
A flexible, stretchable fabric made with interwoven strands of rubber or an imitative synthetic fiber.
֯Ƥ߻Ƶĺϳɲ֯ɵ͵֯
An object made of this fabric.
֯Ʒ֯ƳɵƷ
A rubber band.
Ƥ
?
New Latin elasticus 
ִ elasticus 
from Late Greek elastos [beaten, ductile] 
Դ ϣ elastos [Ƶģչ] 
variant of Greek elatos 
 ϣ elatosı 
from elaunein [to beat out] 
Դ elaunein [] 
?
elastically
adv.ʣ

= =
elbow
el.bow
AHD:[lb?] 
D.J.[6el7b*&]
K.K.[6Wl7bo]
n.ʣ
The joint or bend of the arm between the forearm and the upper arm.
ؽڣϱǰ֮Ĺؽڻ첲
The bony outer projection of this joint.
ؽڹǣؽڹͷ͹
A joint, as of a bird or quadruped, corresponding to the human elbow.
ؽڣⲿ֫Ĺؽڣ൱˵
Something having a bend or an angle similar to an elbow, especially:
״״ǶȵĶָ
A length of pipe with a sharp bend in it.
ӵģһĹܵ
A sharp bend in a river or road.
䴦·ļ䴦
v.ʣ
el.bowed,el.bow.ing,el.bows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push or jostle (another or others) with the elbow.
Ƽһ˻һЩˣ
To shove (another or others) aside with the elbow.
ƼһһЩˣ
To open up (a means of passage, for example) by or as if by use of the elbow:
ſ·򿪣һͨ
She elbowed her way through the crowd.
Ⱥмȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make one's way by pushing with the elbow.
ǰ
To turn at an angle; bend:
ڹսǴת䣻ת䣺
The lane elbows to the left.
Сת
?
at (one's) elbow
Close at hand; nearby.
ֱߣڸ
out at the elbows
Poorly dressed.
õ
Lacking money.
׽⣺ȱʽ
?
Middle English elbowe 
йӢ elbowe 
from Old English elnboga * see  el- 
Դ Ӣ elnboga *μ el- 

= =
elder
elder 1
AHD:[ldr] 
D.J.[6eld*]
K.K.[6Wld+]
adj.ݴʣ
Greater than another in age or seniority.
ͽϴģһ곤Ļʸϵ
Superior to another or others, as in rank.
ʸϵģλϸߵģһ˻Щ˵λߵģְ
n.ʣ
An older person.
곤
An older, influential member of a family, tribe, or community.
ͷˣһͥ곤Ӱ
One of the governing officers of a church, often having pastoral or teaching functions.
ϣ̻Ĺ»쵼֮һͨоָĹ
Mormon Church A member of the higher order of priesthood.
ĦŽ̡ ߼˾
?
Middle English eldre 
йӢ eldre 
from Old English eldra * see  al- 2
Դ Ӣ eldra *μ al- 2
?
eldership
n.ʣ
?
Elder and eldest generally apply to persons, unlikeolder  and oldest,  which also apply to things. Elder   andeldest  are used principally with reference to seniority:  
Elder  eldest ָͨˣ ͬolder  oldest  Ҳָ Elder  eldest Ҫָʸ  
elder sister;
㣻
elder statesman;
ʸϵԱ
John the Elder. 
Լ 
?
elder
elder 2
AHD:[ldr] 
D.J.[6eld*]
K.K.[6Wld+]
n.ʣ
Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genusSambucus,  having clusters of small white flowers and red or purplish-black berrylike fruit. 
ӹľһֽӹľ ĹľСС׻ɫɫƽĹʵ 
?
Middle English eldre 
йӢ eldre 
from Old English ell?rn 
Դ Ӣ ell?rn 

= =
elderly
eld.er.ly
AHD:[ldr-l?] 
D.J.[6eld*li8]
K.K.[6Wld*li]
adj.ݴʣ
Being past middle age and approaching old age; rather old.
͵ģѹģӽģģϵ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of older persons or life in later years.
ģ˵Ļѹ׳ģ˵Ļѹ׳ģ˺ص
n.ʣ
pl. eld.er.lies An elderly person.
 eld.er.lies 
pl. elderly (used with a pl. verb)Older people considered as a group. Often used withthe : 
 elderly 븴ã˵ܳƣȺ忴ˣ붨ڴthe ã 
special recreational programs for the elderly.
Ϊּƻ
?
elderliness
n.ʣ
?
elderly,old,aged,venerable,superannuated
These adjectives are compared as they mean far along in years or life.One who iselderly  is between middle age and old age:  
ЩݴʶʾͳĺĻģǸвͬelderly һָ֮䣺  
Elderly residents of the city could still recall the construction of the first skyscraper.
еϾܻһĦ¥Ρ
Old  implies advanced years: 
Old  ʾģ 
an old man's eagle mind (William Butler Yeats). 
ӥ˼ά աҶ֥ 
There are so few who can grow old with a good grace (Richard Steele).
ϡзɡ ¡˹ݶ
 Aged   emphasizes old age and usually suggests infirmity: 
 Aged  ǿ䣬ͨζ 
The Western world has yet to respect the aged members of its society as the Japanese do. One who isvenerable commands respect by virtue of dignity and age:  
ҪձԱ Venerable ͵ж˾ˣ  
a venerable-looking man, with white hair and beard and a face of great sagacity (Samuel Butler).
׷룬ǣ¸ء Ѷգ
 Superannuated  applies to one who has reached the age of retirement and has been pensioned (a superannuated civil servant ); the term can also refer to one too old for use, work, or 
service: 
 Superannuated  ָ䲢ȡϽˣݵĹԱ  Ҳָ̫˶áܹ 
He left the house . . . for the support of twelve superannuated wool carders  (Anthony Trollope).
뿪˼ҡΪ˹ʮλ˥ëˡ ᡤգ

= =
elect
e.lect
AHD:[1-lkt] 
D.J.[!6lekt]
K.K.[!6lWkt]
v.ʣ
e.lect.ed,e.lect.ing,e.lects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To select by vote for an office or for membership.
ѡ٣ѡͨѡѡĳ˵ĳְĳһ֯ĳԱ
To pick out; select:
ѡ
elect an art course.See Synonyms at choose 
ѡβμ choose
To decide, especially by preference:
ָƾö
elected to take the summer off.
ݼ
Theology To select by divine will for salvation.
ѧ ѧѡϵѡĳʹþ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a choice or selection.
ѡѡ
adj.ݴʣ
Chosen deliberately; singled out.
ѡģѡ
Elected but not yet installed. Often used in combination:
ѡеģѡģѡδεģڸϴУ
the governor-elect.
ݳѡ
Chosen for marriage. Often used in combination:
ѡģΪѡģڸϴУ
the bride-elect.
׼δ
Theology Selected by divine will for salvation.
ѧ ѧѡģϵѡԶþȵ
n.ʣ
One that is chosen or selected.
ѡе
Theology One selected by divine will for salvation.
ѧ ϵѡþȵ
(used with a pl. verb)An exclusive group of people. Used withthe : 
븴ãȨײ㣬ȨţһȺˡthe ã 
one of the elect who have power inside the government.
ȨȨеһԱ
?
Middle English electen 
йӢ electen 
from Latin ?e  ?l?ct- [to select] 
Դ  ?e  ?l?ct- [ѡ] ?- [ex-] ?- [] 
legere [to choose] * see  leg- 
legere [ѡ] *μ leg- 

= =
election
e.lec.tion
AHD:[1-lkshn] 
D.J.[!6lek.*n]
K.K.[!6lWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or power of electing.
ѡ٣ѡж
The fact of being elected.
ѡ٣ѡʵ
The right or ability to make a choice.See Synonyms at choice 
ѡȨѡȨμ choice
Theology Predestined salvation, especially as conceived by Calvinists.
ѧ ϵѡϵ۵ѡָӶĽͽŷ

= =
electric
e.lec.tric
AHD:[1-lktr1k] 
D.J.[!6lektr!k]
K.K.[!6lWktr!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Also e.lec.tri.cal [-tr1-kl] Abbr. elec.Of, relating to, or operated by electricity:
 Ҳ e.lec.tri.cal [-tr1-kl] д elec.ģйصĻɵģ
electric current; an electrical appliance.
һ
Emotionally exciting; thrilling:
˷ܵģģ̼ģ
gave an electric reading of the play.
ʶ籾Ч̼һ
Exceptionally tense; highly charged with emotion:
ǳŵģŵģģ
an atmosphere electric with suspicion.

n.ʣ
An electrically powered machine or vehicle:
綯
The lawn mower is an electric.
ݻǵ綯Ļ
?
New Latin ?s [deriving from amber, as by rubbing] 
ִ ?s [꣬Ħ] 
from Latin ?m [amber] 
Դ  ?m [] 
from Greek ?n 
Դ ϣ ?n 
?
electrically
adv.ʣ

= =
electrician
e.lec.tri.cian
AHD:[1-lk-tr1shn, ?lk-] 
D.J.[!lek6tr!.*n, 7i8lek-]
K.K.[!lWk6tr!.*n, 7ilWk-]
n.Abbr. elec.ʣд elec.
One whose occupation is the installation, maintenance, repair, or operation of electric equipment and circuitry.
ʦ԰װݵ豸͵·ԪΪְҵ

= =
electricity
e.lec.tric.i.ty
AHD:[1-lk-tr1s1-t?, ?lk-] 
D.J.[!lek6tr!s!ti8, 7i8lek-]
K.K.[!lWk6tr!s!ti, 7ilWk-]
n.Abbr. elec.ʣд elec.
The physical phenomena arising from the behavior of electrons and protons that is caused by the attraction of particles with opposite charges and the repulsion of particles with the 
same charge.
磺󣬲ڵӺӵĻӺӲڴ෴ĻͬĻų
The physical science of such phenomena.
ѧоѧ
Electric current used or regarded as a source of power.
ΪһԴ
Intense, contagious emotional excitement.
УʮǿҵиȾ˷ܸ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
electricity bills; electricity costs.
ѵ

= =
electron
e.lec.tron
AHD:[1-lktr?n] 
D.J.[!6lek7trKn]
K.K.[!6lWk7tr$n]
n.Abbr. eʣд e
A stable subatomic particle in the lepton family having a rest mass of 9.1066  10-8 gram and a unit negative electric charge of approximately 1.602  10 -9 coulomb. See table at 
subatomic particle 
ӣһȶԭӣ侲ֹΪ9.106610-8ˣɴԼ1.60210 -9 μ subatomic particle
?
electr(ic) 
electr(ic)
-on 1
-on1

= =
electronic
e.lec.tron.ic
AHD:[1-lk-tr?n1k, ?lk-] 
D.J.[!lek6trKn!k, 7i8lek-]
K.K.[!lWk6tr$n!k, 7ilWk-]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to electrons.
ӵģӵĻڵӵ
Of, relating to, based on, operated by, or otherwise involving the controlled conduction of electrons or other charge carriers, especially in a vacuum, gas, or semiconducting material.
紫ģӻӵܿشģִģڴִ֮ϵģִĻ漰ִģָڿռ䣬뵼е
Of or relating to electronics.
ѧģѧĻڵѧ
?
electronically
adv.ʣ

= =
electronics
e.lec.tron.ics
AHD:[1-lktr?n1ks, ?lk-] 
D.J.[!7lek6trKn!ks, 7i8lek-]
K.K.[!7lWk6tr$n!ks, 7ilWk-]
n.ʣ
(used with a sing. verb)The science and technology of electronic phenomena.
뵥ãѧоĿѧͼ
(used with a pl. verb)Electronic devices and systems:
븴ãװú
The electronics aboard the new aircraft are very sophisticated.
װ·ϵĵǳ

= =
elegant
el.e.gant
AHD:[l1-gnt] 
D.J.[6el!g*nt]
K.K.[6Wl!g*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of manner, form, or style.See Synonyms at delicate 
ģŵģµģԾֹ״ĸΪĻʾĲμ delicate
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?3ns}  ?legant- [present participle of] .?leg3re 
Դ  ?3ns}  ?legant-  [] ?leg3reڷִ 
variant of ?e [to select] * see  elect 
 ? [ѡ] *μ elect
?
elegantly
adv.ʣ

= =
element
el.e.ment
AHD:[l-mnt] 
D.J.[6el*m*nt]
K.K.[6Wl*m*nt]
n.ʣ
A fundamental, essential, or irreducible constituent of a composite entity.
ԪأҪأһеĻġҪġСɳɷ
elements The basic assumptions or principles of a subject.
 elements ԭ򣬻裺ĳһѧƵĻԭ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A member of a set.
һ
A point, line, or plane.
㣺һ㣬һ߻һƽ
A part of a geometric configuration, such as an angle in a triangle.
εһǣ״һ֣һеһ
The generatrix of a geometric figure.
״ĸ
Any of the terms in the rectangular array of terms that constitute a matrix or determinant.
еһеʽ
Chemistry Physics A substance composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus. Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical 
means.
ѧ ѧ ԪأԪأԭɵʣԭеÿһӾͬӡһĻѧʹ֮øΪ򵥵ʵԪ
One of four substances, earth, air, fire, or water, formerly regarded as a fundamental constituent of the universe.
УǰΪǹҪصˮ֮һ
Electricity The resistance wire in an electrical appliance such as a heater or an oven.
ѧ ߣԪߵȵ豸е迹˿
elements The forces that constitute the weather, especially severe or inclement weather:
 elements ҪأȻγرǶӻϺȻ
outside paint that had been damaged by the elements.
ͿϱȻ
An environment naturally suited to or associated with an individual:
ʺϵĻʺ˻Ȼ
He is in his element when traveling. The business world is her element.
ʺСҵӦ
A distinct group within a larger community:
ӣһеһͻˣ
the dissident element on campus.
У԰ڵĳֲͬ
elements The bread and wine of the Eucharist.
 elements ʥʱõѾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin elementum 
Դ  elementum 
?
element,component,constituent,factor,ingredient
The central meaning shared by these nouns is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up: 
Щʹе˼ǡһеĵɲ֮һ 
the grammatical elements of a sentence;
е﷨ɷ֣
jealousy, a component of his character;
ʼԸص֮һ
melody and harmony, two of the constituents of a musical composition;
гһɲ֣
ambition as a key factor in her success;
ȡóɹĹؼأ
humor, an effective ingredient of a speech. 
ĬݽЧѵһ֡ 

= =
elementary
el.e.men.ta.ry
AHD:[l-mnt-r?, -tr?] 
D.J.[7el*6ment*ri8, -tri8]
K.K.[7Wl*6mWnt*ri, -tri]
adj.Abbr. elem.ݴʣд elem.
Of, relating to, or constituting the basic, essential, or fundamental part:
ģҪģڻɻġҪĻĲֵģйصģ
an elementary need for love and nurturing.
͸ĻҪ
Of, relating to, or involving the fundamental or simplest aspects of a subject:
ģģһѧƵĻ򵥵ķģ֮йصģ漰÷ģ
an elementary problem in statistics.
ͳѧĻ
Of or relating to an elementary school or elementary education:
СѧģСѧģСѧģ֮йصģ
the elementary grades; elementary teachers.
Сѧ༶Сѧʦ
?
elementarily
AHD:[-tr-l?] ʣ
elementariness
n.ʣ

= =
elephant
el.e.phant
AHD:[l-fnt] 
D.J.[6el*f*nt]
K.K.[6Wl*f*nt]
n.ʣ
Either of two very large herbivorous mammals,Elephas maximus  of south-central Asia or Loxodonta africana  of Africa, having thick, almost hairless skin, a long, flexible, prehensile 
trunk, upper incisors forming long, curved tusks of ivory, and, in the African species, large, fan-shaped ears. 
־޴ʳݲ鶯ǵ ߷޵  еһ֣Ƥëһ͵ĿԾıӣųݷչΪ
о޴״Ķ 
Any of various extinct or living animals related to either of these two animals.
κһ־ֵĻдڵֶһйصĶ
?
Middle English elefaunt 
йӢ elefaunt 
from Old French olifant 
Դ ŷ olifant 
from Vulgar Latin *olifantus 
Դ  *olifantus 
from Latin elephantus 
Դ  elephantus 
from Greek elephas  elephant- 
Դ ϣ elephas  elephant- 

= =
elevate
el.e.vate
AHD:[l-v3t] 
D.J.[6el*7ve!t]
K.K.[6Wl*7vet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ele.vat.ed,ele.vat.ing,ele.vates 
To move (something) to a higher place or position from a lower one; lift.
ߣһӵʹߴƶ
To increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of.
ߣǿȡǿȻ
To promote to a higher rank.
ελ
To raise to a higher moral, cultural, or intellectual level.
ߵ£Ļˮƽ
To lift the spirits of; elate.See Synonyms at lift 
ܣʹ˷ܲμ lift
?
Middle English elevaten 
йӢ elevaten 
from Latin ?3re}  ?lev3t- 
Դ  ?3re}  ?lev3t- ?- [up] * see  ex- ?- [] *μ ex-
lev3e [to raise] * see  leg wh- 
lev3e [] *μ leg wh- 

= =
elevator
el.e.va.tor
AHD:[l-v3tr] 
D.J.[6el*7ve!t*]
K.K.[6Wl*7vet+]
n.ʣ
A platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in a vertical shaft to transport people or freight.
ڴֱͨǻƽ̨
The enclosure or platform with its operating equipment, motor, cables, and accessories.
豸ӻƽ̨Լõ豸º豸
A movable control surface, usually attached to the horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft, that is used to produce motion up or down.
棺һɶ̨ͨװڷɻβϣݷɻ
A mechanism, often with buckets or scoops attached to a conveyor, used for hoisting materials.
һͨڴʹϵĵͰ涷
A granary equipped with devices for hoisting and discharging grain.
Ȳ֣һ߻ųװõĹȲ

= =
eleven
e.lev.en
AHD:[1-lvn] 
D.J.[!6lev*n]
K.K.[!6lWv*n]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 10 + 1.
ʮһ10+1Ļ
The 11th in a set or sequence.
ʮһһ׻һеĵʮһ
Something with 11 parts or members, especially a football team.
ʮһһ飺ָʮһֻԱĶָ
?
Middle English elleven 
йӢ elleven 
from Old English endleofan * see  oi-no- 
Դ Ӣ endleofan *μ oi-no- 
?
eleven
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
eleventh
e.lev.enth
AHD:[1-lvnth] 
D.J.[!6lev*nG]
K.K.[!6lWv*nG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number 11 in a series.
ʮһеʮһ
One of 11 equal parts.
ʮһ֮һʮһȲֵһ
?
eleventh
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
elicit
e.lic.it
AHD:[1-l1s1t] 
D.J.[!6l!s!t]
K.K.[!6l!s!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.lic.it.ed,e.lic.it.ing,e.lic.its 
To bring or draw out (something latent); educe.
ճǱڵĳճ
To arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic.
óͨ߼ó磬
To call forth (a reaction, for example).See Synonyms at evoke 
磬һַӦμ evoke
?
Latin ?e  ?licit- 
 ?e  ?licit- ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ǰġ] 
lacere [to entice] 
lacere [ʹ] 
?
elicitation
n.ʣ
elicitor
n.ʣ

= =
eligible
el.i.gi.ble
AHD:[l1-j-bl] 
D.J.[6el!d9*b*l]
K.K.[6Wl!d9*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Qualified or entitled to be chosen:
ϸģʸȨѡеģ
eligible to run for office; eligible for retirement.
ʸѡְģʸݵ
Desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage:
ʺϵģѡĺֵõģָ
an eligible bachelor.
һĵ
Football Allowed under the rules to catch a forward pass:
 ϷģϷǰģ
an eligible receiver.
ϷԱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ?s 
Դ  ?s 
from Latin ?e [to select] * see  elect 
Դ  ?e [ѡ] *μ elect
?
eligibility
n.ʣ
eligible
n.ʣ
eligibly
adv.ʣ

= =
eliminate
e.lim.i.nate
AHD:[1-l1m-n3t] 
D.J.[!6l!m*7ne!t]
K.K.[!6l!m*7net]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.lim.i.nat.ed,e.lim.i.nat.ing,e.lim.i.nates 
To get rid of; remove:

an effort to eliminate capital punishment; eliminated his enemies.
ȡŬĵ
To leave out or omit from consideration; reject.
ų迼ǻԣܾ
To remove from consideration by defeating, as in a contest.
̭ͨܶԷ迼ǣڱ
Mathematics To remove (an unknown quantity) by combining equations.
ѧ ȥͨʽϲȥһδ֪
Physiology To excrete (bodily wastes).
ѧ йڷ
?
Latin ?omin3re}  ?lomin3t- [to banish] 
 ?omin3re}  ?lomin3t- [ų] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
lon  lomin- [threshold] 
lon  lomin- [] 
?
elimination
n.ʣ
eliminative  
eliminatory
AHD:[-n-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
eliminator
n.ʣ
?
eliminate,eradicate,liquidate,purge
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to wipe out someone or something undesirable, especially by using drastic methods such as banishment or execution: 
Щʹе˼ǡĳ˻ĳָͨ˵ֶΣ 
eliminated all political opposition;
еζ֣
eradicate guerrilla activity;
λ
liquidating traitors;
ͽ
purged all the imprisoned dissidents. 
ĳֲͬߡ 

= =
elite
elite  .lite
AHD:[1-l?t, 3-l?t] 
D.J.[!6li8t, e!6li8t]
K.K.[!6lit, e6lit]
n.ʣ
 elite  e.lites  
A group or class of persons or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or economic status:
Ӣܳг˵ᡢ򾭼õλһȺһ˻ȺеһԱ
In addition to notions of social equality there was much emphasis on the role of elites and of heroes within them(Times Literary Supplement)
ƽȸ֮⻹ǿоӢǺӢá(ʱѧ)
The best or most skilled members of a group:
һȺûмɵĳԱ
the football team's elite.
ӵ
A size of type on a typewriter, equal to 12 characters per linear inch.
һִֻͳߴ磬ÿӢΪ12
?
French lite 
 lite 
from Old French eslite [from feminine past participle of] eslire [to choose] 
Դ ŷ eslite  [] ԴeslireԹȥִ [ѡ] 
from Latin ?e * see  elect 
Դ  ?e *μ elect
?
elite
adj.ݴʣ

= =
eloquent
el.o.quent
AHD:[l-kwnt] 
D.J.[6el*kw*nt]
K.K.[6Wl*kw*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by persuasive, powerful discourse:
۱ģ˵ġݽΪģ
an eloquent speaker; an eloquent sermon.
һ۱ݽң۱˵
Vividly or movingly expressive:
ڱģ˵رģ
a look eloquent with compassion.See Synonyms at expressive 
ͬıμ expressive
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ??ns}  ?loquent- [present participle of] ?loquo [to speak out] * see  elocution 
Դ  ??ns}  ?loquent-  [] ?loquoڷִ [˵] *μ elocution
?
eloquently
adv.ʣ
eloquentness
n.ʣ

= =
else
else
AHD:[ls] 
D.J.[els]
K.K.[Wls]
adj.ݴʣ
Other; different:
ģͬģ
Ask somebody else.
ʱ
Additional; more:
ӵģģ
Would you like anything else?
ҪЩ?
adv.ʣ
In a different or an additional time, place, or manner:
УԲͬĻʱ䡢صʽ
I have always done it this way and I do not know how else it could be done. Where else would you like to go besides San Francisco?
ģҲ֪бķ˾ɽɽ㻹Ҫȥʲôط?
If not; otherwise:

Be careful, or else you will make a mistake.
Сģ᷸
?
or else
Regardless of any extenuating circumstances:
Σκ
Be there on time or else!
һҪʱ
?
Middle English elles 
йӢ elles 
from Old English * see  al- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ al- 1
?
Else is often used redundantly in combination with prepositions such asbut, except,  and besides: 
Else ߳ʸʹã butexcept  besides 
No one else but Sam saw the accident (omit else ).  
ɽķûб˿¹ʣʡ else ) 
When a pronoun is followed byelse,  the possessive form is generally written thus:someone else's  (not someone's else ). Bothwho else's  and whose else  are in use, but notwhose 
else's: 
һʸelse  иʽһдsomeone else's  someone's else ) who else's  whose else ʹã ȴûʹwhose else's 
Who else's book could it have been?
Ǳʲô˵?
Whose else could it have been? See Usage Note at who ,whose 
Ǳʲô˵? μ who,whose

= =
elsewhere
else.where
AHD:[lshwar, -war] 
D.J.[6els7hwe*, -7we*]
K.K.[6Wls7hwWr, -7wWr]
adv.ʣ
In or to a different or another place:
𴦣ĳڻһط𴦣
has property at the shore and elsewhere.
̵ͱĵطвƲ

= =
embark
em.bark
AHD:[m-b?rk] 
D.J.[em6b$8k]
K.K.[Wm6b$rk]
v.ʣ
em.barked,em.bark.ing,em.barks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to board a vessel or aircraft:
ʹϴɻ
stopped to embark passengers.
ֹͣʹ˿͵Ǵɻ
To enlist (a person or persons) or invest (capital) in an enterprise.
ʹ£Ͷڣгһ˻ˣҵͶʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go aboard a vessel or aircraft, as at the start of a journey.
ǻϴϴɻΪеĿʼ
To set out on a venture; commence:
֣£ʼһðջ£
embark on a world tour.
ʼһ
?
French embarquer 
 embarquer 
en- [in] * see  en- 1
en- [ڡ] *μ en-1
barque [ship] * see  bark 3
barque [] *μ bark3
?
embarkation  
embarkment
n.ʣ

= =
embarrass
em.bar.rass
AHD:[m-b2rs] 
D.J.[em6b#r*s]
K.K.[Wm6b#r*s]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
em.bar.rassed,em.bar.rass.ing,em.bar.rass.es 
To cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease; disconcert:
ʹȣʹִٲʹò˼ʹ
Meeting adults embarrassed the shy child.
ʹߵĺӺ
To involve in or hamper with financial difficulties.
ʹѣʹծʹ뾭Ծ谭
To hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede.
谭ѷ谭
To complicate.
ʹ
?
French embarrasser [to encumber, hamper] 
 embarrasser [谭] 
from Spanish embarazar 
Դ  embarazar 
from Italian imbarazzare 
Դ  imbarazzare 
from imbarazzo [obstacle, obstruction] 
Դ imbarazzo [ϰ] 
from imbarrare [to block, bar] 
Դ imbarrare [谭] 
in- [in]  from Latin * see  en- 1
in- [ڡ]  Դ  *μ en-1
Vulgar Latin *barra [bar] 
 *barra [谭] 
?
embarrassedly
adv.ʣ
embarrassingly
adv.ʣ
?
embarrass,abash,chagrin,discomfit,disconcert,faze,rattle
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause someone to feel self-conscious and uneasy: 
Ще˼ǡʹĳ˸еߵĺͲȻġ 
was embarrassed by her child's tantrum;
ӵҷƢŪò֪룻
felt abashed at the extravagant praise;
Թֵıе죻
will be chagrined if his confident prediction fails;
ĳĵԤˣúܰյģ
was discomfited by the sudden personal question;
ͻĸŪúܲڣ
is disconcerted by sarcastic remarks;
ڿ۸ú
refuses to be fazed by your objections;
ԸķԸǱ
isn't easily rattled before an audience. 
һλǰੲݲ 

= =
embassy
em.bas.sy
AHD:[mb-s?] 
D.J.[6emb*si8]
K.K.[6Wmb*si]
n.ʣ
 em.bas.sies 
A building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff.
ʹݣסдʹְԱĴ¥
The position, function, or assignment of an ambassador.
ʹʹĵλְȨ
A mission to a foreign government headed by an ambassador.
ʹǲɴʹǲȥ
A staff of diplomatic representatives headed by an ambassador.
ʹţɴʹȫ⽻
?
Variant of ambassy [office or function of an ambassador] 
 ambassyı [ʹְλְ] 
from obsolete French ambasse 
Դ ѷϷ ambasse 
from Medieval Latin ambacti3a * see  embassage 
Դ  ambacti3a *μ embassage

= =
embed
em.bed
AHD:[m-bd]  Ҳ im.bed [1m-] 
D.J.[em6bed] Ҳ im.bed [!m]
K.K.[Wm6bWd] Ҳ im.bed [!m]
v.ʣ
em.bed.ded,em.bed.ding,em.beds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fix firmly in a surrounding mass:
ʹǶ룺ʹεذڰΧУ
embed a post in concrete; fossils embedded in shale.
ǶˮУǶҳеĻʯ
To enclose snugly or firmly.
ͻȻػذΧ
To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole.
ʹΧһ
Biology To enclose (a specimen) in a supporting material before sectioning for microscopic examination.
ѧ סƷƬ΢ǰ֧ŲϰƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become embedded:
Ƕ룺
The harpoon struck but did not embed.
˵ûв
?
embedment
n.ʣ

= =
embody
em.bod.y
AHD:[m-b?d?] 
D.J.[em6bKdi8]
K.K.[Wm6b$di]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
em.bod.ied,em.bod.y.ing,em.bod.ies 
To give a bodily form to; incarnate.
廯衭壻ʹ
To represent in bodily or material form:
֣Ļʵʽ
As John Adams embodied the old style, Andrew Jackson embodied the new(Richard Hofstadter)
Լķ˹˾ɷ񣬰³ܿѷ·(¡ʩ)
To make part of a system or whole; incorporate:
¼룺ʹΪϵͳһ֣룺
laws that embody a people's values.
˵ļֵķ

= =
embrace
em.brace
AHD:[m-br3s] 
D.J.[em6bre!s]
K.K.[Wm6bres]
v.ʣ
em.braced,em.brac.ing,em.brac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clasp or hold close with the arms, usually as an expression of affection.
ӵø첲ؼססͨΪȵıʾ
To surround; enclose:
Χ
We allowed the warm water to embrace us.
ˮΧ
To twine around:
ƣƣ
a trellis that was embraced by vines.
ٵ
To include as part of something broader.See Synonyms at include 
Χĳı߽μ include
To take up willingly or eagerly:
ػشڣ
embrace a social cause.
شһ
To avail oneself of:
ã
I only regret, in my chilled age, certain occasions and possibilities I didn't embrace(Henry James)
ֻźʧʱûĳЩĳЩܡ(ղķ˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To join in an embrace.
ӵ
n.ʣ
An act of holding close with the arms, usually as an expression of affection; a hug.
ӵø첲סĶͨΪȵıʾӵ
An enclosure or encirclement:
Χƣ
caught in the jungle's embrace.
ڴֻ֮
Eager acceptance:
ȳеĽܣ
your embrace of Catholicism.
̽ȳ
?
Middle English embracen 
йӢ embracen 
from Old French embracer 
Դ ŷ embracer 
en- [in] * see  en- 1
en- [ڡ] *μ en-1
brace [the two arms] * see  brace 
brace [ֻ첲] *μ brace
?
embraceable
adj.ݴʣ
embracement
n.ʣ

= =
emerge
e.merge
AHD:[1-m?rj] 
D.J.[!6mT8d9]
K.K.[!6mPd9]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
e.merged,e.merg.ing,e.merg.es 
To rise from or as if from immersion:
֣ӻǴǱˮ
Sea mammals must emerge periodically to breathe.
鶯벻ϵظֳ
To come forth from obscurity:
֣¶
new leaders who may emerge.
ֵܳ쵼
To become evident:
¶ԣ
The truth emerged at the inquest.
ѯ¶
To come into existence.See Synonyms at appear 
ʹ֣ڣμ appear
?
Latin ?e 
 ?e ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ǰġ] 
mergere [to immerse] 
mergere [] 

= =
emergency
e.mer.gen.cy
AHD:[1-m?rjn-s?] 
D.J.[!6mT8d9*nsi8]
K.K.[!6mPd9*nsi]
n.ʣ
 e.mer.gen.cies 
A serious situation or occurrence that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action.
һͻȻҪϴ¼
A condition of urgent need for action or assistance:
ж״
a state of emergency; a voice full of emergency.
״̬е
adj.ݴʣ
For use during emergencies:
ӦģΪ¼õģ
emergency food rations.
ʱӦʳ

= =
emit
e.mit
AHD:[1-m1t] 
D.J.[!6m!t]
K.K.[!6m!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.mit.ted,e.mit.ting,e.mits 
To give or send out matter or energy:
䣺ųʻ
isotopes that emit radioactive particles; a stove emitting heat.
ӵͬλأ¯
To give out as sound; utter:
㷢
She emitted her small strange laugh(Edith Wharton)
СֵЦ(˿)
To voice; express:
˵
emit an opinion.
һ۵
To issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation.
УͨУָʹңͨ
?
Latin ?e [to send out] 
 ?e [ɳ] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ǰģǰεġ] 
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 
?
emitter
n.ʣ

= =
emotion
e.mo.tion
AHD:[1-m?shn] 
D.J.[!6m*&.*n]
K.K.[!6mo.*n]
n.ʣ
An intense mental state that arises subjectively rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes; a strong feeling:
嶯õһǿҵĸ״̬Ҿϵı仯һǿҵĸо
the emotions of joy, sorrow, reverence, hate, and love.
֡ʹࡢ𾴡ʹ޺Ͱĳ嶯
A state of mental agitation or disturbance:
Ǽȶ״̬
spoke unsteadily in a voice that betrayed his emotion.See Synonyms at feeling 
϶˵μ feeling
The part of the consciousness that involves feeling; sensibility:
漰Ĳǣ飺
The very essence of literature is the war between emotion and intellect(Isaac Bashevis Singer)
ѧҪڸǵĶ(ˡ˹)
?
French motion 
 motion 
from Old French esmovoir [to excite] 
Դ ŷ esmovoir [] 
from Vulgar Latin *exmov?e 
Դ  *exmov?e 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺ǰģǰεġ] 
Latin mov?e [to move] * see  meu- 
 mov?e [ƶ] *μ meu- 

= =
emotional
e.mo.tion.al
AHD:[1-m?sh-nl] 
D.J.[!6m*&.*n*l]
K.K.[!6mo.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to emotion:
ģĻйصģ
an emotional illness; emotional crises.
һָ鲡Σ
Readily affected with or stirred by emotion:
µģڱӰɿģ
an emotional person who often weeps.
һĨ
Arousing or intended to arouse the emotions:
ʹģģ
an emotional appeal.
Ŀ
Marked by or exhibiting emotion:
иģԸΪģ
an emotional farewell.
ͱ
?
emotionality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
emotionally
adv.ʣ

= =
emperor
em.per.or
AHD:[mpr-r] 
D.J.[6emp**]
K.K.[6Wmp*+]
n.ʣ
Abbr. emp.The male ruler of an empire.
д emp.ʵۣ۹ͳ
The emperor butterfly.
̵
The emperor moth.
϶
?
Middle English emperour 
йӢ emperour 
from Old French empereor 
Դ ŷ empereor 
from Latin imper3r 
Դ  imper3r 
from imper3e [to command] 
Դ imper3e [] 
in- [in] * see  en- 1
in- [ڡ] *μ en-1
par3e [to prepare] * see  per- 1
par3e [׼] *μ per- 1
?
emperorship
n.ʣ

= =
emphasis
em.pha.sis
AHD:[mf-s1s] 
D.J.[6emf*s!s]
K.K.[6Wmf*s!s]
n.ʣ
 em.pha.ses[-s?z]  
Special forcefulness of expression that gives importance to something singled out; stress:
ǿϵǿͻĳһҪԣǿ
a lecture on housekeeping with emphasis on neatness; paused for emphasis, then announced the winner's name.
һǿĿͷ˵ͣһʾǿʤߵ
Special attention or effort directed toward something:
أĳעŬ
a small-town newspaper's emphasis on local affairs.
ԵΪصСֽ
Prominence given to a syllable, word, or words, as by raising the voice or printing in italic type.
ͻضڡʻͻͨб
?
Latin 
 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from emphainein [to exhibit, display] 
Դ emphainein [չʾʾ] 
en- [in] * see  en- 2
en- [ڡ] *μ en-2
phainein [to show] * see  bh3- 1
phainein [] *μ bh3- 1
?
emphasis,accent,stress
The central meaning shared by these nouns is special weight placed on something considered important: 
Щʵ˼ǡҪǿ 
laid a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages;
Ҫصѧϰϣ
opposition to nuclear power plants, with the accent on total elimination;
Ժ˵վǿҪ
lay heavy stress on law and order. 
Ҫصڷɺϡ 

= =
emphasize
em.pha.size
AHD:[mf-soz] 
D.J.[6emf*7sa!z]
K.K.[6Wmf*7sa!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
em.pha.sized,em.pha.siz.ing,em.pha.siz.es 
To give emphasis to; stress.
ԡǿǿ
?
From emphasis 
Դ emphasis

= =
empire
em.pire
AHD:[mpor] 
D.J.[6em7pa!*]
K.K.[6Wm7pa!r]
n.ʣ
Abbr. emp.
д emp.
A political unit having an extensive territory or comprising a number of territories or nations and ruled by a single supreme authority.
۹һελйɲɵһȨͳ
The territory included in such a unit.
۹һλе
An extensive enterprise under a unified authority:
ҵڵһµĴҵ
a publishing empire.
һӡˢҵ
Imperial or imperialistic sovereignty, domination, or control:
ȨͳȨ۹Ļ۹ľȨͳλƣ
There is a growing sense that the course of empire is shifting toward the . . . Asians(James Traub)
ԽԽԵĿԸо۹Ĳޡ(ղķ˹Ͳ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin imperium 
Դ  imperium 
from imper3e [to command] * see  emperor 
Դ imper3e [] *μ emperor
?
Empire
Empire 2
AHD:[mpor] 
D.J.[6em7pa!*]
K.K.[6Wm7pa!r]
n.ʣ
A variety of apple having medium fruit with waxy, dark red skin and white flesh.
۹ƻеȴСƻƤΪʵɫΪɫ
?
After the Empire  State, nickname for the state of New York, where it was developed 
After the Empire  State, nickname for the state of New York, where it was developed 
?
Empire
Em.pire
AHD:[?m-p?r, mpor] 
D.J.[Km6p!*, 6em7pa!*]
K.K.[$m6p!r, 6Wm7pa!r]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a neoclassic style, as in clothing or the decorative arts, prevalent in France during the first part of the 19th century.
¹ŵģ¹ŵġйصĻΪ֮ģڷװװϣ19ڷз
?
After the First Empire  of France (1804-1815) 
ԴԵһ Empire (1804-1815꣩ 

= =
empirical
em.pir.i.cal
AHD:[m-p?r1-kl] 
D.J.[em6p!*r!k*l]
K.K.[Wm6p!r!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Relying on or derived from observation or experiment:
ģݹ۲ʵɹ۲óģ
empirical results that supported the hypothesis.
֤ľԽ
Verifiable or provable by means of observation or experiment:
֤ģͨ۲֤ʵĻ֤ģ
empirical laws.
Լ׳ɵķ
Guided by practical experience and not theory, especially in medicine.
ģʵָģָҽѧ
?
empirically
adv.ʣ

= =
employ
em.ploy
AHD:[m-ploi] 
D.J.[em6pl%!]
K.K.[Wm6pl%!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
em.ployed,em.ploy.ing,em.ploys 
To engage the services of; put to work:
Ӷʹ
agreed to employ the job applicant.
ͬӶλְ
To provide with gainful work:
ӶṩЧĹ
factories that employ thousands.
Ӷǧ˵Ĺ
To put to use or service.See Synonyms at use 
Ͷʹûڲμ use
To devote (time, for example) to an activity or purpose:
Ͷ룺Ͷ루磬ʱ䣩һĿУ
employed much time and energy to the hobby.
ҵమϻ˴ʱ;
n.ʣ
The state of being employed:
Ӷ״̬
in the employ of the city.
ڸóеľҵ
Archaic Occupation.
 
?
Middle English emploien 
йӢ emploien 
from Old French emploier 
Դ ŷ emploier 
from Latin implic3e [to involve] 
Դ  implic3e [] 
in- [in] * see  en- 1
in- [ڡ] *μ en-1
plic3e [to fold] * see  plek- 
plic3e [۵] *μ plek- 
?
employability
n.ʣ
employable
adj.ݴʣ
employer
n.ʣ

= =
employee
employee Ҳ em.ploy.e
AHD:[m-ploi?, 1m-, mploi-?] 
D.J.[em6pl%!i8, !m-, 7empl%!6i8]
K.K.[Wm6pl%!i, !m-, 7Wmpl%!6i]
n.ʣ
A person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation.
ԱΪ˹ʻΪ˹
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
employee benefits; employee unions; employee relations.
Ա棻Աϻ᣻Աϵ

= =
employment
em.ploy.ment
AHD:[m-ploimnt] 
D.J.[em6pl%!m*nt]
K.K.[Wm6pl%!m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of employing.
ӶӶΪ
The state of being employed.
Ӷ״̬
The work in which one is engaged; occupation.
ĳµĹְҵ
An activity to which one devotes time.
ĳˣµĻĳͶʱĻ
The percentage or number of people gainfully employed:
ҵʣܹܹͰٷֱȻ
a vicious spiral of rising prices under full employment(William Henry Beveridge)
ھҵ͵£۸Ƕѭ()
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
employment opportunities; employment counselors.
ҵ᣻ҵѯ

= =
empty
emp.ty
AHD:[mpt?] 
D.J.[6empti8]
K.K.[6Wmpti]
adj.ݴʣ
emp.ti.er,emp.ti.est 
Holding or containing nothing.
յģκζ
Mathematics Having no elements or members; null:
ѧ ûԪصģģûԪػԱģģ
an empty set.
ռ
Having no occupants or inhabitants; vacant:
һ˵ģռеĻסģյģ
an empty chair; empty desert.
ӣտɳĮ
Lacking force or power:
ģ
an empty threat.
в
Lacking purpose or substance; meaningless:
ģĿĵĻʵʵģģ
an empty life.

Not put to use; idle:
еģδʹõģеģ
empty hours.
еʱ
Needing nourishment; hungry:
ģҪӪģģ
More fierce and more inexorable far/Than empty tigers or the roaring sea(Shakespeare)
ȼϻХĴ󺣸Ҹ顱(ɯʿ)
Devoid; destitute:
ȱģƶģ
empty of pity.
ȱͬ
v.ʣ
emp.tied,emp.ty.ing,emp.ties 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the contents of:
ڿգߡݣ
emptied the dishwasher.
ڿϴ
To transfer or pour off completely:
գȫתƻ򵹳
empty the ashes into a pail.
ѻҵͰ
To unburden; relieve:
᣺
empty oneself of doubt.
Լɻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become empty:
գ
The theater emptied after the performance.
ݽԺһ
To discharge its contents:
ų
The river empties into a bay.
ˮע뺣
n.ʣ
 emp.ties ʽ 
An empty container.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?g [vacant, unoccupied] 
Դ Ӣ ?g [յģδõ] 
from ?a [leisure] * see  med- 
Դ ?a [е] *μ med- 
?
emptily
adv.ʣ
emptiness
n.ʣ
?
empty,vacant,blank,void,vacuous,bare,barren
These adjectives describe what contains nothing and inferentially lacks what it could or should have.
Щݴڱݻȱ߼ϻлӦеݡ
 Empty  applies to what is without contents or substance: 
 Empty  ָûݻʵʵģ 
an empty box;
պӣ
an empty room;
շӣ
empty promises.
ŵ
Vacant  refers to what is without an occupant or incumbent: 
Vacant  ָû˾סĻδְģ 
The auditorium is full of vacant seats.
ǿӡ
The chairmanship is vacant. Figuratively the word refers to the absence of intelligent meaning or thought: 
ϯְλȱ ޴ϸôָȱ־ 
a vacant stare;
ãȻӣ
a vacant mind.
Ĵԡ
Blank  stresses the absence of something,especially on a surface, that would convey meaning or content: 
Blank  ǿĳȱָڴݺݵķ棺 
blank pages;
հҳ
a blank expression.
ı
Void  applies to what is free from or completely destitute of discernible content: 
Void  ָûлȫȱɷֱݵģ 
space void of matter;
̫ûʣ
gibberish void of all meaning.
ĪĻûκ˼
Vacuous  describes what is as devoid of substance as a vacuum is: 
Vacuous  һȱʣ 
a vacuous smile;
һնЦݣ
led a vacuous life. Something that isbare  lacks surface covering (  
ſ bare ʾûи(  
trees standing bare in November;
11ľͺͺأ
a bare head)  or detail (just the bare facts ); the word also denotes the condition of being stripped of contents or furnishings: 
ͷ) ϸ(ֻпնʵ ) Ҳʾȥݻװ״̬ 
The closet is bare.
ڳǿյġ
Barren   stresses lack of productivity in both literal and figurative applications: 
Barren  ǿѧԵӦȱԣ 
barren land;
ë֮أ
writing barren of insight. See also Synonyms at  vain 
ȱƷ μͬ vain
?
In Old EnglishIc eom ?g  could mean I am empty, I am unoccupied, or I am unmarried. The sense unoccupied, at leisure, which did not survive Old English,points to 
the derivation of?g  from the Old English word ?,  leisure, rest. The word?a  may in turn go back to the Germanic root m?,  meaning ability, leisure.In any case, Old English?g  
also meant vacant, a sense that was destined to take over the meaning of the word. Empty,   the Modern English descendant of Old English?,  has come to have the sense idle, 
so that one can speak of empty leisure.
ڹӢIc eom cemfig ԱʾҶʧҵûн顣 δռõģеġ˼ûڹӢб?mtig  ԹӢ 
?metta ΪУϢ metta ׷ݵնʸ mot-  ΪСΣӢ?mtig Ҳʾյġ ˼עҪȡʵ塣 
Empty  Ӣmtig ִӢеıξˡеġ˼ ǿ˵

= =
enable
en.a.ble
AHD:[-n3bl] 
D.J.[e6ne!b*l]
K.K.[W6neb*l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.a.bled,en.a.bling,en.a.bles 
To supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able:
ʹܹṩ֪ʶ᣻ʹܹ
a hole in the fence that enabled us to watch; techniques that enable surgeons to open and repair the heart.
ϵĶʹܹۿƼʹҽܴ򿪺޸
To make feasible or possible:
ʹеĻܵģ
funds that will enable construction of new schools.
ѧУʽ
To give legal power, capacity, or sanction to:
ʹܣ衭Ȩɣ
a law enabling the new federal agency.
Ȩķ
To make operational; activate:
ʹ
enabled the computer's modem; enable a nuclear warhead.
ĵƽһ˵ͷ
?
enabler
n.ʣ

= =
enclose
en.close
AHD:[n-kl?z]  Ҳ in.close [1n-] 
D.J.[en6kl*&z] Ҳ in.close [!n]
K.K.[Wn6kloz] Ҳ in.close [!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.closed,en.clos.ing,en.clos.es 
To surround on all sides; close in.
ΧסΧסȦ
To fence in so as to prevent common use:
ȦǽΧԷʹã
enclosed the pasture.
Χ
To contain, especially so as to envelop or shelter:
סװ룬ǷհػڱΣ
Every one of those darkly clustered houses encloses its own secret(Charles Dickens)
ЩѹѹۼȺķÿһԵܡ(˹Ҹ˹)
To insert into the same envelope or package:
ѡ⣬װͬһŷ
enclose a check with the order.
һ֧Ʊ
?
Middle English enclosen 
йӢ enclosen 
from Old French enclos [past participle of] enclore 
Դ ŷ enclos  [] encloreĹȥִ 
from Latin incl?e [to enclose] * see  include 
Դ  incl?e [Χ] *μ include
?
enclose,cage,coop,fence,hem,pen,wall
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to surround and confine within a limited area: 
Щʹе˼ǣΧһ޵򡱣 
cattle enclosed in feedlots;
ȦţȺ
was caged in the office all afternoon;
綼ڰ칫ң
was cooped up in a studio apartment;
סСͷԢ䣻
a garden fenced in by shrubbery;
ùľʵĻ԰
a battalion hemmed in by enemy troops;
оΧ˵ľӣ
ships penned up in the harbor during a blockade;
ڸۿڵĴֻ
prisoners who were walled in. 
ڴǽڵķ 

= =
enclosure
en.clo.sure
AHD:[n-kl?zhr] 
D.J.[en6kl*&9*]
K.K.[Wn6klo9+]
n.ʣ
The act of enclosing.
ΧƣΧȦĶ
The state of being enclosed.
ΧΧرյ״̬
Abbr. enc.,encl.Something enclosed:
д enc.,encl.֮
a business letter with a supplemental enclosure.
в丽ҵź
Something that encloses.
ΧȦΧƷ

= =
encounter
en.coun.ter
AHD:[n-kountr] 
D.J.[en6ka&nt*]
K.K.[Wn6ka&nt+]
n.ʣ
A meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief:
ָһûȼƻġδϵġݵ
a chance encounter in the park.
ڹ԰żȻ
A hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest:
սԿĻԿԵսս
a tense naval encounter.
ҵĺս
An often violent meeting; a clash.
ԾͻΪҵĻս
v.ʣ
en.coun.tered,en.coun.ter.ing,en.coun.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To meet, especially unexpectedly; come upon:
ڶָżȻ
encountered an old friend on the street.
ڽżȻһλ
To confront in battle or contention.
Կսۻ
To come up against:

encounter numerous obstacles.
ܶ谭
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To meet, especially unexpectedly.
ָڶ
?
Middle English encountre 
йӢ encountre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from encontrer [to meet] 
Դ encontrer [] 
from Late Latin incontr3e 
Դ  incontr3e 
Latin in- [in] * see  en- 1
 in- [ڡ] *μ en-1
Latin contr3} [against] * see  kom 
 contr3} [] *μ kom 

= =
encourage
en.cour.age
AHD:[n-k?r1j, -k?r-] 
D.J.[en6kT8r!d9, -6kJr-]
K.K.[Wn6kPr!d9, -6kJr-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.cour.aged,en.cour.ag.ing,en.cour.ag.es 
To inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten.
裺ϣĵȹ裻ʹ
To give support to; foster:
֧֣
policies designed to encourage private investment.
Ϊ˽Ͷʶⶩ
To stimulate; spur:
ٽ
burning the field to encourage new plant growth.
ԭҰԴٽֲ
?
Middle English encouragen 
йӢ encouragen 
from Old French encoragier 
Դ ŷ encoragier 
en- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ʹ۴ǰ׺] *μ en-1
corage [courage] * see  courage 
corage [] *μ courage
?
encourager
n.ʣ
?
encourage,animate,cheer,embolden,hearten,inspirit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to impart courage, inspiration, and resolution to: 
Ще˼ǡмĸ衱 
encouraged the student to enter the competition;
ѧμӾ
played patriotic music to animate the troops;
మԹʿ
a visitor cheering the patient with his presence;
һ־ʹߣ
 was emboldened to sing for the guests;
׳ԱΪݳ
praise that heartened us;
ǵ֮ǣ
a half-time pep talk that inspirited the weary team. discourage 
ʹƣԱгϢʱĹʿĽ discourage

= =
end
end
AHD:[nd] 
D.J.[end]
K.K.[Wnd]
n.ʣ
Either extremity of something that has length:
ĩˣңг֮Ʒˣ
the end of the pier.
ͷĩ
The outside or extreme edge or physical limit; a boundary:
ⲿԵ򼫶ޣ
the end of town.
߽
The point in time when an action, an event, or a phenomenon ceases or is completed; the conclusion:
սᣬΪ¼ֹۣ
the end of the day.

A result; an outcome.

Something toward which one strives; a goal.See Synonyms at intention 
ĿģһŬĿμ intention
The termination of life or existence; death:
ڵնˣ
A man awaits his end/Dreading and hoping all(William Butler Yeats)
һȴڵ/һϣһС(աҮ)
The ultimate extent; the very limit:
ޣ޶ȣ
the end of one's patience.
ĵļ
Slang The very best; the ultimate:
ٵ õľأã
This pizza's the end.

A remainder; a remnant.
ࣻ
A share of a responsibility or obligation:
ֵλ
your end of the bargain.
ЭӦе
A particular area of responsibility:
εĹְĳض
in charge of the business end of the campaign.
ƹܾѡҵְ
Football 
 
Either of the players in the outermost position on the line of scrimmage.
߷棺λڲȫǰԵλõԱ
The position played by such a player.
߷λãԱλ
v.ʣ
end.ed,end.ing,ends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to a conclusion.
ʹֹ
To form the last or concluding part of:
ֹɡβ֣
the song that ended the performance.
Ϊݳĸ
To destroy:
ƻ
ended our hopes.
ʹǵϣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to a finish; cease.See Synonyms at complete 
ֹͣμ complete
To die.

?
in the end
Eventually; ultimately:
յأڣ
All will turn out well in the end.
һվ
no end
A great deal:
ģ
She had no end of stories to tell.
Ĺ¿ɽ
?
Middle English ende 
йӢ ende 
from Old English * see  ant- 
Դ Ӣ *μ ant- 

= =
endeavor
en.deav.or
AHD:[n-dvr] 
D.J.[en6dev*]
K.K.[Wn6dWv+]
n.ʣ
A conscientious or concerted effort toward an end; an earnest attempt.
ŬΪﵽĿľְġһµŬеĳ
Purposeful or industrious activity; enterprise.See Synonyms at effort 
ͼȡģĿĵġ̿жȡĲμ effort
v.ʣ
en.deav.ored,en.deav.or.ing,en.deav.ors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attempt (fulfillment of a responsibility or an obligation, for example) by employment or expenditure of effort:
ŬͨûŬͼһְһ񣩣
endeavored to improve the quality of life in the inner city.
ŬƳڵƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work with a set or specified goal or purpose.
ͼı󣺴ȷĿָĿĶ
?
Middle English endevour 
йӢ endevour 
from endeveren [to make an effort] 
Դ endeveren [Ŭ] 
from (putten) in dever [(to put oneself) in duty, make it one's duty] 
Դ (putten) in dever [Լְ֮Уʹ䵣ĳְ] 
in [in] * see  in 1
in [ڡ] *μ in1
dever [duty]  from Old French deveir, devoir [duty] * see  devoir 
dever [ְ]  Դ ŷ deveir, devoir [ְ] *μ devoir
?
endeavorer
n.ʣ

= =
ending
end.ing
AHD:[nd1ng] 
D.J.[6end!0]
K.K.[6Wnd!0]
n.ʣ
A conclusion or termination.
ֹβ
A concluding part; a finale:
֣ճ
a happy ending.
ԴϲĽ
Grammar The final morpheme added to a word base to make an inflectional form, such as-ed  in walked.  
﷨ βڴʸԹα仯Ĵأ-ed  walked  

= =
endless
end.less
AHD:[ndl1s] 
D.J.[6endl!s]
K.K.[6Wndl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or seeming to be without an end or a limit; boundless:
޾ģޱߵģĻƺģֹģ
an endless universe; an endless conversation.
ޱ޼ʵ棻ûû˵̸
Formed with the ends joined; continuous:
εģ޶˵ģͷβģϵģ
an endless chain.

?
endlessly
adv.ʣ
endlessness
n.ʣ

= =
endow
en.dow
AHD:[n-dou] 
D.J.[en6da&]
K.K.[Wn6da&]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.dowed,en.dow.ing,en.dows 
To provide with property, income, or a source of income.
ṩƲԴ
To equip or supply with a talent or quality:
裬裺лʡܣ
Nature endowed her with a beautiful singing voice.
Ȼһĸ
To imagine as having a usually favorable trait or quality:
󣬸裺ΪϲĲܻƷԣ
endowed the family pet with human intelligence.
ͥ˵ǻ
Obsolete To provide with a dower.
 ѸŲ
?
Middle English endowen 
йӢ endowen 
from Anglo-Norman endouer 
Դ Ӣ endouer 
Old French en- [intensive pref.] * see  en- 1
ŷ en- [ṩģҵ] *μ en-1
Old French douer [to provide with a dowry]  from Latin d?3re}  from d?s  d?t- [dowry] * see  d?- 
ŷ douer [ǿǰ׺]  Դ  d?3re}  Դ d?s  d?t- [ѸõĲҵ] *μ d?- 

= =
endurance
en.dur.ance
AHD:[n-d?rns, -dy?r-] 
D.J.[en6d&*r*ns, -6dj&*r-]
K.K.[Wn6d&r*ns, -6dj&r-]
n.ʣ
The act, quality, or power of withstanding hardship or stress:
ܼѡѹΪƷԻ
A marathon tests a runner's endurance.
ɲһܲ˶Ա
The state or fact of persevering:
ֵ״̬Ϊ
Through hard work and endurance, we will complete this project.
ͨŬͼ֣ǽ
Continuing existence; duration.
Ĵڣ־
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
Ӿߣһʣ
endurance events; endurance swimmers.
¼Ӿ

= =
endure
en.dure
AHD:[n-d?r, -dy?r] 
D.J.[en6d&*, -6dj&*]
K.K.[Wn6d&r, -6dj&r]
v.ʣ
en.dured,en.dur.ing,en.dures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry on through, despite hardships; undergo:
ȹܣ˼ȥ̣
endure an Arctic winter.
ܱĶ
To bear with tolerance:
̣
We seek the truth, and will endure the consequences(Charles Seymour)See Synonyms at bear 1
Ѱһк(˹Ħ)μ bear1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To continue in existence; last:
־ã
buildings that have endured for centuries.
ͷĽ
To suffer patiently without yielding.
ĵسܶ
?
Middle English enduren 
йӢ enduren 
from Old French endurer 
Դ ŷ endurer 
from Latin ind?3re} [to make hard] 
Դ  ind?3re} [ԣ] 
in- [against, into] * see  en- 1
in- [ѣӲ] *μ en-1
d?s [hard] * see  deru- 
d?s [ʹ] *μ deru- 

= =
enemy
en.e.my
AHD:[n-m?] 
D.J.[6en*mi8]
K.K.[6Wn*mi]
n.ʣ
 en.e.mies 
One who feels hatred toward, intends injury to, or opposes the interests of another; a foe.
ˣУһޣͼ˺򷴶Ȥˣ
A hostile power or force, such as a nation.
зжӣһ
A member or unit of such a force.
ˣбеһԱԪ
A group of foes or hostile forces.See Usage Note at collective noun 
һȺˣжμ collective noun
Something destructive or injurious in its effects:
кӺΣ˺˵
Art hath an enemy called Ignorance(Ben Jonson)
и˽֪(ɭ)
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being a hostile power or force.
˵ģоģڻожص
?
Middle English enemi 
йӢ enemi 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin inimos 
Դ  inimos 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
amos [friend] 
amos [] 
?
enemy,foe,opponent
The central meaning shared by these nouns is one who is hostile to or opposes the purposes or interests of another: 
Щͬ˼ǡ˳ĿġȤˡ 
was betrayed by his enemies;
ĵݺ
a foe of fascism;
˹ĵˣ
a political opponent. 
ζ 

= =
energetic
en.er.get.ic
AHD:[nr-jt1k] 
D.J.[7en*6d9et!k]
K.K.[7Wn+6d9Wt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing, exerting, or displaying energy.See Synonyms at active 
ӵСӻչʾμ active
Of or relating to energy.
ص
?
Greek energ?s 
ϣ energ?s 
from energein [to be active] 
Դ energein [Ծ] 
from energos [active] * see  energy 
Դ energos [Ծ] *μ energy
?
energetically
adv.ʣ

= =
energy
en.er.gy
AHD:[nr-j?] 
D.J.[6en*d9i8]
K.K.[6Wn*d9i]
n.ʣ
 en.er.gies 
The capacity for work or vigorous activity; vigor; power.See Synonyms at strength 
μ strength
Exertion of vigor or power:
ĺã
a project requiring a great deal of time and energy.
һҪôʱ;ķ
Vitality and intensity of expression:
ͼı
a speech delivered with energy and emotion.
һ˵
Usable heat or power:
Դܣõ
Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the world's energy.
ÿ˶ĵԴĺܴ
A source of usable power, such as petroleum or coal.
ԴԴʯͻú
Physics The capacity of a physical system to do work.
ѧ ܣϵͳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
energy conservation; energy efficiency; an energy czar.
غ㣻ЧǿȨɳ
?
French nergie 
 nergie 
from Late Latin energoa 
Դ  energoa 
from Greek energeia 
Դ ϣ energeia 
from energos [active] 
Դ energos [ģ] 
en- [in, at] * see  en- 2
en- [ڡϣڡ] *μ en-2
ergon [work] * see  werg- 
ergon [] *μ werg- 

= =
enforce
en.force
AHD:[n-f?rs, -f?rs] 
D.J.[en6f%8s, -6f*&rs]
K.K.[Wn6f%rs, -6fors]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.forced,en.forc.ing,en.forc.es 
To compel observance of or obedience to:
ǿƷӻأ
enforce a regulation.
ǿȷһ
To impose (a kind of behavior, for example); compel:
ǿǿƣǿӣ˵һΪǿƣ
enforce military discipline.
ǿʵʩ¼
To give force to; reinforce:
ǿǿ
enforces its plea with a description of the pains of hell(Albert C. Baugh)
Ŀʹǿ(C.)
?
Middle English enforcen 
йӢ enforcen 
from Old French enforcier [to exert force, compel,] 
Դ ŷ enforcier [ʹǿ] 
and from enforcir [to strengthen] 
Դ enforcir [ǿ] 
en- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ʹǰ׺] *μ en-1
force [strength] * see  force 
force [] *μ force
?
enforceability
n.ʣ
enforceable
adj.ݴʣ
enforcement
n.ʣ
enforcer
n.ʣ
?
enforce,implement,invoke
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to be applied or carried out: 
Щ˼ǡ±ɻִС 
enforced the rules;
ʵʩ
implementing the terms of the agreement;
Э
invoke emergency powers. 
òӡ 

= =
engage
en.gage
AHD:[n-g3j] 
D.J.[en6ge!d9]
K.K.[Wn6ged9]
v.ʣ
en.gaged,en.gag.ing,en.gag.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain or contract for the services of; employ:
Լ񣬹Ӷȡĳǩ˺ͬӶ
engage a carpenter.
͸ľ
To arrange for the use of; reserve:
ԤΪʹţ
engage a roomSee Synonyms at book 
Ԥμ book
To pledge or promise, especially to marry.
飺ŵָ
To attract and hold the attention of; engross:
ȫעӮע⣻ʹȫע
a hobby that engaged her for hours at a time.
ȺʹһҪȥСʱ
To win over or attract:
Ӯãס
His smile engages everyone he meets.
΢Цסÿһ
To draw into; involve:
μӣʹ룻ʹУ
engage a shy person in conversation.
ʹߵ˼˽̸
To require the use of; occupy:
ʹãռã
Studying engages most of a serious student's time.
ռѧϰѧĴ󲿷ʱ
To enter or bring into conflict with:
ͻ롭ս
We have engaged the enemy.
Ѿ˽ս
To interlock or cause to interlock; mesh:
ᣬӺϣϣ
engage the automobile's clutch.
ʹ
To give or take as security.
֤
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To involve oneself or become occupied; participate:
лμӣ룺
engage in conversation.
̸
To assume an obligation; agree.See Synonyms at promise 
ŵͬμ promise
To enter into conflict or battle:
γìܻս
The armies engaged at dawn.
ӷ
To become meshed or interlocked:
ϣᲢ໥ã
The gears engaged.

?
Middle English engagen [to pledge something as security for repayment of debt] 
йӢ engagen [ѺƷΪ] 
from Old French engagier 
Դ ŷ engagier 
en- [in] * see  en- 1
en- [ڡ] *μ en-1
gage [pledge] 
gage [Ѻ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 
?
engager
n.ʣ

= =
engagement
en.gage.ment
AHD:[n-g3jmnt] 
D.J.[en6ge!d9m*nt]
K.K.[Wn6ged9m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of engaging or the state of being engaged.
ԼԤԼΪѶԼ״̬
Betrothal.
Լ
Something that serves to engage; a pledge.
ѺڵĶѺƷ
A promise or agreement to be at a particular place at a particular time.
Լ᣺ĳضʱĳضصĳŵЭ
Employment, especially for a specified time.
ӶӶƸ룬ָΪضʱĹӶ
A specific, often limited, period of employment.
Ƹڼ䣺ضҳ޵Ĺ
A hostile encounter; a battle.
սж˫սս
The condition of being in gear.
ϵ״̬
?
engagement,appointment,assignation,date,rendezvous,tryst
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a commitment to appear at a certain time and place: 
Щ˼ǡĳضʱ估صֵԼ 
a business engagement;
Լ
a dental appointment;
ҽԤԼ
a secret assignation;
Ļ᣻
a date to play tennis;
Լ
a rendezvous of allied troops at the border;
˲ڱ߽ϣ
a lovers' tryst. 
˵Լᡣ 

= =
engine
en.gine
AHD:[nj1n] 
D.J.[6end9!n]
K.K.[6Wnd9!n]
n.Abbr. eng.ʣд eng.
A machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion.
棬תΪе˶һֻ
Such a machine distinguished from an electric, spring-driven, or hydraulic motor by its use of a fuel.
ȼϷʹȼ϶綯ҺѹĻеװ
A mechanical appliance, instrument, or tool:
еװãеߣ
engines of war.
ս
An agent, an instrument, or a means of accomplishment.
ߣʵĳһĿĵֶλ򹤾
A locomotive.
ͷ
A fire engine.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.gined,en.gin.ing,en.gines 
To equip with an engine or engines.
װϷ
?
Middle English engin [skill, machine] 
йӢ engin [գ] 
from Old French [innate ability] 
Դ ŷ [Ĳܣе] 
from Latin ingenium * see  gen- 
Դ  ingenium *μ gen- 

= =
engineer
en.gi.neer
AHD:[nj-n?r] 
D.J.[7end9*6n!*]
K.K.[7Wnd9*6n!r]
n.Abbr. e.,E.,eng.,engr.ʣд e.,E.,eng.,engr.
One who is trained or professionally engaged in a branch of engineering.
ʦܹĳһ̷ְ֧ҵѵ
One who operates an engine.
еʦ
One who skillfully or shrewdly manages an enterprise.
߻ߣƻعҵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.gi.neered,en.gi.neer.ing,en.gi.neers 
To plan, construct, or manage as an engineer.
ƣ죺Թʦơ
To alter or produce by methods of genetic engineering:
ı䣬죺Ŵѧķı
Researchers . . . compared insulin manufactured by bacteria genetically engineered with recombinant DNA techniques to the commercial insulin obtained from swine or cattle
(Fusion)
йŴѧDNA鼼ϸƳɵȵţҵȵȽϡ(ں)
To plan, manage, and put through by skillful acts or contrivance; maneuver.
߻ͨɵжƶƻɣ߻
?
Middle English enginour 
йӢ enginour 
from Old French engigneor 
Դ ŷ engigneor 
from Medieval Latin ingeni3r [contriver] 
Դ  ingeni3r [ıߣ] 
from ingeni3e [to contrive] 
Դ ingeni3e [ı] 
from Latin ingenium [ability] * see  engine 
Դ  ingenium [] *μ engine

= =
engineering
en.gi.neer.ing
AHD:[nj-n?r1ng] 
D.J.[7end9*6n!*r!0]
K.K.[7Wnd9*6n!r!0]
n.Abbr. e.,E.,eng.ʣд e.,E.,eng.
The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, 
and systems.
ѧѧѧԭʵ;ӦֶΣơ켰ԸЧù졢̼ϵͳвݹ
The profession of or the work performed by an engineer.
ʦְҵʦĻҵ
Skillful maneuvering or direction:
Ĳָ
geopolitical engineering; social engineering.
β

= =
enhance
en.hance
AHD:[n-h2ns] 
D.J.[en6h#ns]
K.K.[Wn6h#ns]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.hanced,en.hanc.ing,en.hanc.es 
To make greater, as in value, beauty, or reputation; augment:
ߣڼֵǿǿ
She had a sweetness to her face, a warmth that was enhanced by luminous dark eyes(Gioia Diliberto)
˫ĺ۾ǿ(ǡ)
?
Middle English enhauncen 
йӢ enhauncen 
from Anglo-Norman enhauncer 
Դ Ӣ enhauncer 
variant of Old French enhaucier 
 ŷ enhaucierı 
from Vulgar Latin *inalti3e 
Դ  *inalti3e 
from Late Latin inalt3e 
Դ  inalt3e 
Latin in- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
 in- [ʹǰ׺] *μ en-1
altus [high] * see  al- 2
altus [] *μ al- 2
?
enhancement
n.ʣ
enhancer
n.ʣ
enhancive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
enjoy
en.joy
AHD:[n-joi] 
D.J.[en6d9%!]
K.K.[Wn6d9%!]
v.ʣ
en.joyed,en.joy.ing,en.joys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To receive pleasure or satisfaction from.See Synonyms at like 1
ܡȤͲμ like1
To have the use or benefit of:
Уܣ
enjoys good health.
н
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a pleasurable or satisfactory time.
죬ʱ
?
Middle English enjoien 
йӢ enjoien 
from Old French enjoir 
Դ ŷ enjoir 
en- [intensive pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ǿǰ׺] *μ en-1
joir [to rejoice]  from Latin gaud?e * see  g3u- 
joir []  Դ  gaud?e *μ g3u- 
?
enjoyable
adj.ݴʣ
enjoyably
adv.ʣ
enjoyer
n.ʣ

= =
enlarge
en.large
AHD:[n-l?rj] 
D.J.[en6l$8d9]
K.K.[Wn6l$rd9]
v.ʣ
en.larged,en.larg.ing,en.larg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make larger; add to.

To give greater scope to; expand.See Synonyms at increase 
չ㷶Χչμ increase
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become larger; grow.
󣻳ɳ
To speak or write at greater length or in greater detail; elaborate:
ϸ˵д
enlarged upon the plan.
ƻ
?
Middle English enlargen 
йӢ enlargen 
from Old French enlargier 
Դ ŷ enlargier 
en- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ʹǰ׺] *μ en-1
large [large] * see  large 
large [] *μ large
?
enlarger
n.ʣ

= =
enlighten
en.light.en
AHD:[n-lotn] 
D.J.[en6la!tn]
K.K.[Wn6la!t2]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.light.ened,en.light.en.ing,en.light.ens 
To give spiritual or intellectual insight to:
ϣ辫Ķ
Enlighten the people generally, and tyranny and oppression of body and mind will vanish like evil spirits at the dawn of day(Thomas Jefferson)
ձȺڣѹȽ׼Ǿͻħʱһš(˹ѷ)
To give information to; inform or instruct.
̵ṩϢ
?
enlightener
n.ʣ

= =
enormous
e.nor.mous
AHD:[1-n?rms] 
D.J.[!6n%8m*s]
K.K.[!6n%rm*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Very great in size, extent, number, or degree.
޴ģڴСΧĿ̶Ϻܴ
Archaic Very wicked; heinous.
 ǳаģʮ
?
From Latin ?s [unusual, huge] 
Դ  ?s [ͬѰģ޴] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺] 
norma [norm] * see  gn?- 
norma [׼ƽ] *μ gn?- 
Sense 2, from Middle English enormious 
2Դ йӢ enormious 
from Latin ?s [monstrous] 
Դ  ?s [ģӴ] 
?
enormously
adv.ʣ
enormousness
n.ʣ
?
enormous,immense,huge,gigantic,colossal,mammoth,tremendous,stupendous,gargantuan,vast
These adjectives describe what is extraordinarily large.
ЩݴʶѰ
 Enormous  suggests a marked excess beyond the norm in size, amount, or degree: 
 Enormous  ָڴС̶ϳģ 
an enormous boulder;
޴Բʯ
enormous expenses.
޶á
Immense  refers to boundless or immeasurable size or extent: 
Immense  ָ޵Ļ޷ĳߴΧ 
an immense crowd of people;
ޱ޼ʵ˺
immense pleasure.
ױȵĻ֡
Huge   especially implies greatness of size or capacity: 
Huge  ָߴӴ 
a huge wave;
ˣ
a huge success.
޴ĳɹ
Gigantic  refers to size likened to that of a giant: 
Gigantic  ָһĴСߴ磺 
a gigantic redwood tree;
þ˵ĺɼ
a gigantic disappointment.
ʧ
Colossal  suggests a hugeness that elicits awe or taxes belief: 
Colossal  ָηҡľ޴ 
colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient temple;
Ŵ޴ı棻
has a colossal nerve.
ޱȵĵ
Mammoth  is applied to something of clumsy or unwieldy hugeness: 
Mammoth  ָﱿ׾ĻصӴ 
a mammoth ship;
֣
a mammoth multinational corporation.
޴Ŀ˾
Tremendous  suggests awe-inspiring or fearsome size: 
Tremendeus  ָСη˸е£ 
a tremendous monument 100 feet high;
һӢ߸ߵľ޴
ate a tremendous meal.
´һ͡
Stupendous  implies size that astounds or defies description: 
Stupendous  ָСߴ˳Ծ򳬺Χ 
an undertaking of stupendous difficulty.
ֽ޴ѡ
The whole thing was a stupendous, incomprehensible farce (W. Somerset Maugham).
¼Ǿ˵ġ޷˽־硱 WĬءëķ
 Gargantuan  especially stresses greatness of capacity, as for food or pleasure: 
 Gargantuan  ǿʳֶԣ 
a gargantuan appetite.
˵ʳ
Vast  refers to greatness of extent, size, area, or scope: 
Vast  ָΧСȵĿ㣺 
All the land was shrouded in one vast forest (Theodore Roosevelt). 
еضڹɭС ¶ࡤ˹ 
Of creatures, how few vast as the whale (Herman Melville).
 ΪûбȾ޴ġ ն÷ά

= =
enough
e.nough
AHD:[1-n?f] 
D.J.[!6nJf]
K.K.[!6nJf]
adj.ݴʣ
Sufficient to meet a need or satisfy a desire; adequate:
ģҪԸģģ
enough work to keep us all busy.See Synonyms at sufficient 
㹻ǴȫæµĹμ sufficient
pron.ʣ
An adequate number or quantity:
Ŀ㹻㣺
The Gods above should give,/They have enough and we do poorly live(Henry David Thoreau)
ϵӦô/Ǹȴƶա(ά)
adv.ʣ
To a satisfactory amount or degree; sufficiently:
㹻أֵأ̶أ㹻أ
Is the fish cooked enough?
Ļ?
Very; fully; quite:
ܣʮֵ֣أ
We were glad enough to leave.
Ǻܸ뿪
Tolerably; rather:
пɣ൱
She sang well enough, but the show was a failure.
ݳõˣݳȴǸʧ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express impatience or exasperation:
Աﲻͷŭ
You've been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough!
綼С١ˣ
?
Middle English enogh 
йӢ enogh 
from Old English gen?g * see  nek- 2
Դ Ӣ gen?g *μ nek- 2

= =
enrich
en.rich
AHD:[n-r1ch] 
D.J.[en6r!t.]
K.K.[Wn6r!t.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.riched,en.rich.ing,en.rich.es 
To make rich or richer.
ʹԣʹ
To make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding:
ḻʹ洦
An appreciation of art will enrich your life.
ͽḻ
To add fertilizer to.
ӷ
To add nutrients to:
Ӫʣ
The dairy enriched its milk with vitamin D.
ƷţάDǿ
To add to the beauty or character of; adorn:
òԣװΣ
Glittering tears enriched her eyes(Arnold Bennett)
˸ʹ˫۸(ŵ¡)
Physics To increase the amount of one or more radioactive isotopes in (a material, especially a nuclear fuel).
ѧ ԪأһͬλػзԵĺصڣһʣǺȼϣ
?
Middle English enrichen 
йӢ enrichen 
from Old French enrichier 
Դ ŷ enrichier 
en- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ʹǰ׺] *μ en-1
riche [rich] * see  rich 
riche [Уԣ] *μ rich
?
enricher
n.ʣ

= =
enroll
enroll Ҳ en.rol
AHD:[n-r?l] 
D.J.[en6r*&l]
K.K.[Wn6rol]
v.ʣ
en.rolled,en.roll.ing,en.rolls Ҳ en.rols  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enter or register in a roll, list, or record:
עᣬǼǣڻᡢ¼ϵǼע¼
enrolled the child in kindergarten; enroll the minutes of the meeting.
עẢ׶԰¼
To roll or wrap up.

To write or print a final copy of; engross.
ӡˢո壻ʽдļ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To place one's name on a roll or register; sign up:
עǼǣעᡢ¼ĳڻϣǼǣ
We enrolled in the army.
ǵǼ
?
Middle English enrollen 
йӢ enrollen 
from Old French enroller 
Դ ŷ enroller 
en- [in] * see  en- 1
en- [ڡ] *μ en-1
rolle [roll]  from Latin rotula [little wheel] * see  roll 
rolle [С]  Դ  rotula [] *μ roll
?
enrollee
n.ʣ

= =
ensue
en.sue
AHD:[n-s?] 
D.J.[en6su8]
K.K.[Wn6su]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
en.sued,en.su.ing,en.sues 
To follow as a consequence or result.See Synonyms at follow 
̷Ϊ淢μ follow
To take place subsequently.
෢
?
Middle English ensuen 
йӢ ensuen 
from Old French ensuivre  ensu- 
Դ ŷ ensuivre  ensu- 
from Vulgar Latin *oe 
Դ  *oe 
from Latin oo} [to follow closely] 
Դ  oo} [] 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  en- 1
in- [ǿǰ׺] *μ en-1
sequo} [to follow] * see  sek w- 1
sequo} [] *μ sek w- 1

= =
ensure
en.sure
AHD:[n-sh?r] 
D.J.[en6.&*]
K.K.[Wn6.&r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.sured,en.sur.ing,en.sures 
To make sure or certain; insure:
ʹȷŻ϶֤
Our precautions ensured our safety.See Usage Note at assure 
ǵԤʩ֤ǵİȫμ assure
?
Middle English ensuren 
йӢ ensuren 
from Anglo-Norman enseurer 
Դ Ӣ enseurer 
Old French en- [causative pref.] * see  en- 1
ŷ en- [ʹǰ׺] *μ en-1
Old French seur [secure] [variant of] sur * see  sure 
ŷ seur [ȫģʹȫ]  [] surı *μ sure

= =
entail
en.tail
AHD:[n-t3l, 1n-] 
D.J.[en6te!l, !n-]
K.K.[Wn6tel, !n-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.tailed,en.tail.ing,en.tails 
To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence:
е棬ҪʩӻҪʹΪҪĸ
an investment that entailed high risk.
һе߷յͶ
To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs.
޶̳УԣƲļ̳ضļ̳˳
To bestow or impose on a person or a specified succession of heirs.
룬ü̳Уĳ˻ĳض˳̳
n.ʣ
The act of entailing, especially property.
ü̳У޶̳ȨΪָ
The state of being entailed.
޶̳е״̬
An entailed estate.
޶̳еĲ
A predetermined order of succession, as to an estate or to an office.
Ԥļ̳˳ȷļ̳Ȩ˳Եزְλ
Something transmitted as if by unalterable inheritance.
Ų̳Уͨɸļ̳жתĳ
?
Middle English entaillen [to limit inheritance to specific heirs] 
йӢ entaillen [Ѽ̳Ȩ޶ضļ̳] 
en- [intensive pref.] * see  en- 1
en- [ǿǰ׺] *μ en-1
taille [tail] * see  tail 2
taille [β] *μ tail2
?
entailment
n.ʣ

= =
enter
en.ter
AHD:[ntr] 
D.J.[6ent*]
K.K.[6Wnt+]
v.ʣ
en.tered,en.ter.ing,en.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come or go into:
룺
The train entered the tunnel.
𳵽
To penetrate; pierce:
͸
The bullet entered the victim's skull.
ӵ͸ܺߵͷ
To introduce; insert:
ܣ룺
She entered the probe into the patient's artery.
̽˻ߵĶ
To become a participant, member, or part of; join:
μӣ룺ΪеһԱһ֣룺
too old to enter the army; entered the discussion at a crucial moment.
̫ܲξڹؼʱ̼
To gain admission to (a school, for example).
ѧý루ѧУ
To cause to become a participant, member, or part of; enroll:
ʹ룬ʹμӣʹΪһԱһ֣ѧ
entered the children in private school; entered dahlias in a flower show.
ʹ˽ѧУʹμһչ
To embark on; begin:
£ʼ£ʼ
With Sputnik, the Soviet Union entered the space age.
ƾ衰ʷˡǣ̫ʱ
To make a beginning in; take up:
֣ʼĳҵ֣
entered medicine.
ҽ
To write or put in:
д»룺
We entered our names in the guest book; enters the data into the computer.
д
To place formally on record; submit:
ݳʣʽݳʣ
enter a plea of innocence; enter a complaint.
ݳһ״
To go to or occupy in order to claim possession of (land).
ռݣ롢ռУأȨ
To report (a ship or cargo) to customs.
أѣ걨
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come or go in; make an entry:
룺
As the President entered, the band played Hail to the Chief.
ͳʱֶӿʼࡰ件
To effect penetration.
͸͸
To become a member or participant.
μӣΪеһԱ
?
enter into
To participate in; take an active role or interest in:
룺μӣаһĽɫȤ
enter into politics; enter into negotiations.
μ̸
To become party to (a contract):
޽᣺ΪһԼĶ
The nations entered into a new agreement.
ЩǩһµЭ
To become a component of; form a part of:
ʹ룺ǡһ֣ɡһ֣
Financial matters entered into the discussion.
֮
To consider; investigate:
ǣ飺
The report entered into the effect of high interest rates on the market.
ⱨ۵гʵӰ
enter on  
enter upon
To set out on; begin:
֣ʼ
We enter on a new era in our history. They entered upon the most dangerous part of the journey.
ǽʷϵ¼ԪǿʼΣյĽ׶
To begin considering; take up:
ʼǣ
After discussing the budget deficit, they entered on the problem of raising taxes.
۹Ԥ֮ǿʼ˰
To take possession of:
ռУã
She entered upon the estate of her uncle.
常Ĳ
?
Middle English entren 
йӢ entren 
from Old French entrer 
Դ ŷ entrer 
from Latin intr3e 
Դ  intr3e 
from intr3} [inside] * see  en 
Դ intr3} [ڡ] *μ en 
?
enterable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
enterprise
en.ter.prise
AHD:[ntr-proz] 
D.J.[6ent*7pra!z]
K.K.[6Wnt+7pra!z]
n.ʣ
An undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk.
ҵһҵָһĲӡҾΣԵҵ
A business organization.
ҵҵ
Industrious, systematic activity, especially when directed toward profit:
ҵڷܣϵͳĻΪԻΪĿģ
Private enterprise is basic to capitalism.
˽ӪʱĻ
Willingness to undertake new ventures; initiative:
ȡģԸðµΣգȡģ
Through want of enterprise and faith men are where they are, buying and selling, and spending their lives like serfs(Henry David Thoreau)
ȱȡĺʼפ㲻ǰũū(ά)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French entreprise [from past participle of] entreprendre [to undertake] 
Դ ŷ entreprise  [] ԴentreprendreĹȥִ [е] 
entre- [between]  from Latin inter- * see  inter- 
entre- [ڡм]  Դ  inter- *μ inter-
prendre [to take]  from Latin prendere * see  ghend- 
prendre [ȡ]  Դ  prendere *μ ghend- 
?
enterpriser
n.ʣ
?
Enterprise
En.ter.prise
AHD:[ntr-proz] 
D.J.[6ent*7pra!z]
K.K.[6Wnt+7pra!z]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southeast Alabama south-southeast of Montgomery. It is a processing and manufacturing center. Population, 20,123.
˹һУλɸƫϣӹҵҵġ˿20,123

= =
entertain
en.ter.tain
AHD:[ntr-t3n] 
D.J.[7ent*6te!n]
K.K.[7Wnt+6ten]
v.ʣ
en.ter.tained,en.ter.tain.ing,en.ter.tains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hold the attention of with something amusing or diverting.See Synonyms at amuse 
ʹȤȤ֮עμ amuse
To extend hospitality toward:

entertain friends at dinner.
дѳԷ
To consider; contemplate:
ǣ˼
entertain an idea.
һ
To hold in mind; harbor:
ţУ
entertained few illusions.

Archaic To continue with; maintain.
 £
Obsolete To take into one's service; hire.
 ӶƸ
To give admittance to; receive.
ɣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To show hospitality to guests.

To provide entertainment.
ʹ
?
Middle English entertinen [to maintain] 
йӢ entertinen [ά] 
from Old French entretenir 
Դ ŷ entretenir 
from Medieval Latin interten?e 
Դ  interten?e 
Latin inter [among] * see  inter- 
 inter [ڡм] *μ inter-
Latin ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
 ten?e [ӵ] *μ ten- 
?
entertainer
n.ʣ

= =
entertainment
en.ter.tain.ment
AHD:[ntr-t3nmnt] 
D.J.[7ent*6te!nm*nt]
K.K.[7Wnt+6tenm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of entertaining.
Ϊ
The art or field of entertaining.
дΧ
Something that amuses, pleases, or diverts, especially a performance or show.
ֱݣ˽Ŀ죬Ȥʹֵָݳ
The pleasure afforded by being entertained; amusement:
õĻ֣Ȥ
The comedian performed for our entertainment.
ϲݳԹǲ
Archaic Maintenance; support.
 ά֣֧
Obsolete Employment.
 Ӷ

= =
enthusiasm
en.thu.si.asm
AHD:[n-th?z?-2zm] 
D.J.[en6Gu8zi87#z*m]
K.K.[Wn6Guzi7#z*m]
n.ʣ
Great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause.
飬ȳĳĳµļȤ
A source or cause of great excitement or interest.
ԵȤ
Archaic 
 
Ecstasy arising from supposed possession by a god.
鸽ĿϲӦĿϲ
Religious fanaticism.
ڽ̵Ŀ
?
Late Latin enth?s 
 enth?s 
from Greek enthousiasmos 
Դ ϣ enthousiasmos 
from enthousiazein [to be inspired by a god] 
Դ enthousiazein [ʾ] 
from entheos [possessed] 
Դ entheos [ռ] 
en- [in] * see  en- 2
en- [ڡ] *μ en-2
theos [god] * see  dh?s- 
theos [] *μ dh?s- 
?
When the English philospher Henry More stated in a work published in 1660 that If ever Christianity be exterminated, it will be by Enthusiasme,he clearly used the word differently 
from the way we do now.He was also using a meaning that differed from the first sense, possession by a god, recorded in English (1603). Enthusiasm  and this sense of the word 
go back to the Greek wordenthousiasmos,  which ultimately comes from the adjectiveentheos,  having the god within, formed fromen-,  in, within, and theos,  god. Henry 
More in 1660 was referring to belief, either mistaken or unsupported by evidence, in one's own inspiration by the Christian God. Enthusiasm,  as now most frequently used,has become 
secularized and at times weakened,so that one can speak of an enthusiasm for fast cars.
ӢѧҺĦ1660 һơ̻Ǳڽ̵ĿȡʱʹøôȻͬڵ÷õ˼һֺ壬Ӣе
Ӧ(1603꣩Ҳͬ Enthusiasm  京׷ݵϣenthousiasmos  ôȫݴentheos  Ϊ飬en- ڡ 
theos- Ϊ񡱹ɡ Ħ1660 ָǴػ޸ݵŵõ˻ϵ۵ʾ Enthusiasm  ڱʹãĺڽ̵Ӱ첢
ǿ˵Կ쳵Ŀ

= =
enthusiastic
en.thu.si.as.tic
AHD:[n-th?z?-2st1k] 
D.J.[en7Gu8zi86#st!k]
K.K.[Wn7Guzi6#st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or demonstrating enthusiasm.

?
enthusiastically
adv.ʣ

= =
entire
en.tire
AHD:[n-tor] 
D.J.[en6ta!*]
K.K.[Wn6ta!r]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no part excluded or left out; whole:
ȫģûκβֵģģ
I read the entire book.See Synonyms at whole 
Ķȫμ whole
With no reservations or limitations; complete:
ޱƵģȫģ
gave us his entire attention.
ȫע
All in one piece; intact.
ͳһģȱ
Of one piece; continuous.
һģ
Not castrated.
δ˸
Botany Not having an indented margin:
ֲѧ ȫԵģûһݵıߣ
an entire leaf.
ȫԵҶ
Unmixed or unalloyed; pure or homogenous.
δĻȫģĻһµ
n.ʣ
The whole; the entirety.
ȫ
An uncastrated horse; a stallion.
δ˸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French entier 
Դ ŷ entier 
from Latin integrum [neuter of] integer * see  tag- 
Դ  integrum  [] integer *μ tag- 
?
entireness
n.ʣ

= =
entitle
en.ti.tle
AHD:[n-totl] 
D.J.[en6ta!tl]
K.K.[Wn6ta!t1]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.ti.tled,en.ti.tling,en.ti.tles 
To give a name or title to.

To furnish with a right or claim to something:
Ȩʸ
The coupon entitles the bearer to a 25 percent savings. Every citizen is entitled to equal protection under the law.
ծȯռ˴ܶİٷ֮ʮ塣ÿȨͬȱ
?
Middle English entitlen 
йӢ entitlen 
from Old French entiteler 
Դ ŷ entiteler 
from Medieval Latin intitul3e 
Դ  intitul3e 
Latin in- [provide with] * see  en- 1
 in- [ṩ] *μ en-1
Latin titulus [title] 
 titulus [ƺ] 
?
entitlement
n.ʣ

= =
entity
en.ti.ty
AHD:[nt1-t?] 
D.J.[6ent!ti8]
K.K.[6Wnt!ti]
n.ʣ
 en.ti.ties 
Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit:
ʵ壺ʵʲڵ
Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law.
˺ҵڵĶԵȵĶʵ
The fact of existence; being.
ڵʵ
The existence of something considered apart from its properties.
ıʴ
?
Medieval Latin entit3s 
 entit3s 
from Latin ?s  ent- [present participle of] esse [to be] * see  es- 
Դ  ?s  ent-  [] esseڷִ [] *μ es- 

= =
entrance
entrance 1
AHD:[ntrns] 
D.J.[6entr*ns]
K.K.[6Wntr*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of entering.
룺Ϊ״̬
A means or point by which to enter.
뷽ʽ򷽷
Permission or power to enter; admission:
Ȩɣ
gained entrance to medical school.
׼ҽѧԺѧϰ
The point, as in a musical score, at which a performer is to begin.
˴ĳϳĿʼ
The first entry of an actor into a scene.
ǳԱһеĵһεǳ
?
Middle English entraunce [right to enter] 
йӢ entraunce [Ȩ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from entrer [to enter] * see  enter 
Դ entrer [] *μ enter
?
entrance
entrance 2
AHD:[n-tr2ns] 
D.J.[en6tr#ns]
K.K.[Wn6tr#ns]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.tranced,en.tranc.ing,en.tranc.es 
To put into a trance.
ʹ־
To fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment:
ʹϲԻԣ
a child who was entranced by a fairy tale.See Synonyms at charm See Synonyms at enrapture 
һͯԵĺӲμ charmμ enrapture
?
entrancement
n.ʣ
entrancingly
adv.ʣ

= =
entrepreneur
en.tre.pre.neur
AHD:[?ntr-pr-n?r, -n?r] 
D.J.[7Kntr*pr*6nT8, -6n&*]
K.K.[7$ntr*pr*6nP, -6n&r]
n.ʣ
A person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture.
ҵң֯ҵеҵյ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from entreprendre [to undertake] * see  enterprise 
Դ entreprendre [е] *μ enterprise
?
entrepreneurial
adj.ݴʣ
entrepreneurialism  
entrepreneurism
n.ʣ
entrepreneurship
n.ʣ

= =
entry
en.try
AHD:[ntr?] 
D.J.[6entri8]
K.K.[6Wntri]
n.ʣ
 en.tries 
The act or an instance of entering.
룺Ϊ״̬
The privilege or right of entering.
Ȩ
A means or place by which to enter.
뷽ʽ
The inclusion or insertion of an item, as in a record:
¼һд뵽һ¼
made an entry in the ledger.

An item entered in this way:
Ŀַʽһݣ
a diary full of interesting entries.
һȤ¼ռ
An entry word, as in a dictionary; a headword.
ĿֵһͷĴʣĿ
A headword along with its related text.
ͷĴͬĽ
One entered in a competition:
μӱˣ
The magazine received 400 entries for its poetry contest.
־ӵ˲μʫ400Ʒ
?
Middle English entre 
йӢ entre 
from Old French entree [from feminine past participle of] entrer [to enter] * see  enter 
Դ ŷ entree  [] ԴentrerԹȥִ [] *μ enter

= =
envelope
en.ve.lope
AHD:[nv-l?p, ?n-] 
D.J.[6env*7l*&p, 6Kn-]
K.K.[6Wnv*7lop, 6$n-]
n.ʣ
A flat, folded paper container, especially for a letter.
ŷ⣺ƽװ۵ֽװ
Something that envelops; a wrapping.
Ƥ
Biology An enclosing structure or cover, such as a membrane or the outer coat of a virus.
ѧ ĤԵĽṹƤĤ򲡶
The bag containing the gas in a balloon or an airship.
ңͧĴװ
The set of limitations within which a technological system, especially an aircraft, can perform safely and effectively.
ݣϵͳǷɻܹȫЧתһϵн
The coma of a comet.
ǵ緢
Mathematics A curve or surface that is tangent to every one of a family of curves or surfaces.
ѧ ߣ棺һ߻һ棬һ߻еÿһ߻汣
?
push the envelope
To increase the operating capabilities of a technological system.
ǿϵͳת
?
French enveloppe 
 enveloppe 
from envelopper [to envelop] 
Դ envelopper [ס] 
from Old French envoloper * see  envelop 
Դ ŷ envoloper *μ envelop

= =
envy
en.vy
AHD:[nv?] 
D.J.[6envi8]
K.K.[6Wnvi]
n.ʣ
 en.vies 
A feeling of discontent and resentment aroused by and in conjunction with desire for the possessions or qualities of another.
ʼɣĽڿõ˵ƷʶĲԹ޵
The object of such feeling:
ĽĶָо
Their new pool made them the envy of their neighbors.
ǵӾܵھӵĽ
Obsolete Malevolence.
 񶾣Թ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.vied,en.vy.ing,en.vies 
To feel envy toward.
ԡеĽ
To regard with envy.
Ľؿ
?
Middle English envie 
йӢ envie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin invidia 
Դ  invidia 
from invidus [envious] 
Դ invidus [ʼɵ] 
from invid?e [to look at with envy] 
Դ invid?e [ʼɵע] 
in- [in, on] * see  en- 1
in- [ڡڡ] *μ en-1
vid?e [to see] * see  weid- 
vid?e [] *μ weid- 
V., from Middle English envien 
ʣԴ йӢ envien 
from Old French envier 
Դ ŷ envier 
from Latin invid?e 
Դ  invid?e 
?
envier
n.ʣ
envyingly
adv.ʣ
?
envy,begrudge,covet
These verbs mean to feel resentful or painful desire for another's advantages or possessions.
Щʶж˵ŵﻳʹĿһ塣
 Envy  is wider in range than the others since it combines discontent, resentment, and desire: 
 Envy  ʾиķΧΪ˲Ϳ˼ 
When I peruse the conquered fame of heroes and the victories of mighty generals, I do not envy the generals (Walt Whitman).
 ϸϸ׽ЩӢ۵ʢΰĽǵʤʱҲĽЩ ء
 Begrudge  stresses ill will and reluctance to acknowledge another's right or claim: 
 Begrudge  ǿͲԸϱ˵ȨҪ 
Why begrudge him his success?
ΪʲôԸĳɹ?
Covet   stresses desire, especially a secret or culpable longing, for something to which one has no right: 
Covet  ǿ˽»ϣõԼȨõ 
as thorough an Englishman as ever coveted his neighbor's goods (Charles Kingsley).
һӢһھӵĲ ˹˹

= =
environment
en.vi.ron.ment
AHD:[n-vorn-mnt, -vorn-] 
D.J.[en6va!*r*nm*nt, -6va!*n-]
K.K.[Wn6va!r*nm*nt, -6va!*n-]
n.ʣ
The circumstances or conditions that surround one; surroundings.
Χ״Χ
The totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or a group of organisms, especially:
ȻһһȺΧ״ǣ
The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms:
úӰȺչܺͣ
We shall never understand the natural environment until we see it as a living organism(Paul Brooks)
ֻаȻһл壬ǲŻ(ޡ³˹)
The complex of social and cultural conditions affecting the nature of an individual or a community.
ỷӰ˻᱾ʵĻܺ
An artistic or theatrical work that surrounds or involves the audience.
ƷһְΧݹڵϷƷ

= =
envisage
en.vis.age
AHD:[n-v1z1j] 
D.J.[en6v!z!d9]
K.K.[Wn6v!z!d9]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
en.vis.aged,en.vis.ag.ing,en.vis.ag.es 
To conceive an image or a picture of, especially as a future possibility:
󣺹һͼرһδĿԣ
envisaged a world at peace.
һƽ
To consider or regard in a certain way.
룺ĳַʽǻ
?
French envisager 
 envisager 
Old French en- [in] * see  en- 1
ŷ en- [ڡ] *μ en-1
Old French visage [face] * see  visage 
ŷ visage [] *μ visage

= =
episode
ep.i.sode
AHD:[p1-s?d] 
D.J.[6ep!7s*&d]
K.K.[6Wp!7sod]
n.ʣ
An incident or event that is part of a progression or a larger sequence:
¼ɻһ¼еһ¼
South Africa may remain one of history's most tragic episodes(Bayard Rustin)
ϷǿǱʷҵ¼֮һĵط(ǵ¡˹͢)
One of a series of related events in the course of a continuous account.See Synonyms at occurrence 
һξһϵ¼֮һμ occurrence
A portion of a narrative that relates an event or a series of connected events and forms a coherent story in itself; an incident:
һ¼һϵ¼һ֣ɳΪĹ£ һ¼
an episode in a picaresque novel.
˺С˵еһƬ
A separate part of a serialized work, such as a novel or play.
һ֣һϵƷС˵Ϸжһ
A section of a classic Greek tragedy that occurs between two choric songs.
ϣŵ䱯κϳ֮Ĳ
Music A passage between statements of a main subject or theme, as in a rondo or fugue.
֡ Σڱ֮Ķ䣬͸
?
French pisode 
 pisode 
from Greek epeisodion [parenthetic narrative] [from neuter of] epeisodios [coming in besides] 
Դ ϣ epeisodion []  [] ԴepeisodiosԴ [] 
epi- [epi-] 
epi- [ǰ׺ڡ֮䡱] 
eisodios [entering]  eis [into] * see  en  hodos [way, journey] 
eisodios []  eis [ǰ׺] *μ en  hodos [·] 

= =
epoch
ep.och
AHD:[pk, ?p?k] 
D.J.[6ep*k, 6i87pKk]
K.K.[6Wp*k, 6i7p$k]
n.ʣ
A particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable or noteworthy.
¼ԪʷһΣָΪֵעǲֵü¼
A notable event that marks the beginning of such a period.See Synonyms at period 
Ҫʱڣ־һҪʱڿʼش¼μ period
A unit of geologic time that is a division of a period.
ѧСڼ͵ʱ䵥λ
Astronomy An instant in time that is arbitrarily selected as a point of reference.
ѧ Ԫѡοʱеĳһ˲
?
Medieval Latin epocha [measure of time] 
 epocha [ʱ䵥λ] 
from Greek epokh?} [a point in time] * see  segh- 
Դ ϣ epokh?} [ʱеһ] *μ segh- 

= =
equal
e.qual
AHD:[?kwl] 
D.J.[6i8kw*l]
K.K.[6ikw*l]
adj.Abbr. eq.ݴʣд eq.
Having the same quantity, measure, or value as another.
൱ģͬȻֵ
Mathematics Being the same or identical to in value.
ѧ ֵģֵͬȵ
Having the same privileges, status, or rights:
ȵģͬȨλȨ
equal before the law.
ǰƽ
Being the same for all members of a group:
ͬȵģȺеĳԱͬȣ
gave every player an equal chance to win.
ÿһ˶ԱͬȵĻʤ
Having the requisite qualities, such as strength or ability, for a task or situation:
ʤεģ߱ҪӦһ棺
Elizabeth found herself quite equal to the scene(Jane Austen)
ɯ֪ԼӦ桱(򡤰˹͡)
Adequate in extent, amount, or degree.
㹻ģ㹻ȡ̶ȵ
Impartial; just; equitable.
ƽģģ˽
Tranquil; equable.
ƽģȶ
Showing or having no variance in proportion, structure, or appearance.
޲ģṹޱ仯
n.Abbr. eq.ʣд eq.
One that is equal to another:
ͬȵˣһͬˣ
Are men and women equals in physical strength?
˺Ůͬ?
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.qualed  e.qualled e.qual.ing  e.qual.ling e.quals  e.quals  
To be equal to, especially in value.
ֵ롭ȣڼ۸
To do, make, or produce something equal to:
롭ͬ
equaled the world record in the mile run.
ƽһӢܵ¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin aequ3s 
Դ  aequ3s 
from aequus [even, level] 
Դ aequus [ƽ̹ģˮƽ] 
?
equally
adv.ʣ
?
It has been argued thatequal  is an absolute term two quantities either are or are not equaland hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa 
more equal allocation of resources among the departments.  However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the 
usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a 
supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel,  and center.  According to this account,the precise or literal meaning 
ofequal  is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent 
loose or imprecise extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal  to describe relations between things in 
the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length,  we assume 
that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions 
of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an 
effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible,  orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration.  In all such cases,equality is 
naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal.  The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: 
we sayunmanly  but not unmale;  and the worduneven  can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or 
affair). The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as,  and the following examples employingequally as  were termed unacceptable by 63 
percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey:  
equal һΪһܾԵĴ ҪôͬҪôͬͲг̶ϵĲԣ˵ڸżԴƽķ ôͲ߼
 ÷ȵ÷бٷ֮ʮһ÷ʹС˽ܡң÷ķֳһֺеȴֵûɵļ裬ǾǴѧ߼еó
ճ׼ȷԵʵּҲɴǶһЩʣuniqueparallel  center ͳ﷨ֳ ͣequal ׼ȷ桱˼
ʽ5+2=7õͬķŶģ ôճе÷Ȼȴ京⡰ɢ򡰲Ͻꡣʵѧ
equal ϸ֮Ĺϵһܲӡ ôӦеʱȵĹ밵˵ľͬ ʱ 
ǻΪĵĹϵȿԱԼƣǲ룬ô̸ĳߴʱҪʹnearly equal  ⣬ǳԤ޹ص
ͬԣǻ˵ѧҪΪʹȫϻеĸӾƽ  ӦӦͬȵĿ  ЩУǸɱ仯ĸ
Կڳ̶ͬUnequal ʵĴھǺܺõ֤ un- ǰ׺ֻг仯ݴʣ ˵unmanly ˵ unmale  uneven ֻĳ
ı棨ƽ̹г̶ϵĲ𣩣 ĿĿֻ˵ȻȣEqually һ as ʱͨΪǶģ ȵ÷УЩʹ
equally as ľ⵽ٷ֮ʮʹС˷ԣ  
Experience is equally as valuable as theory.
ͬļֵ
Equally as important is the desire to learn. 
֪ĿҲͬҪ 
In the first example, deleteequally;  in the second, deleteas.  The solution to this usage problem usually involvesusingas  alone when a comparison is explicit andequally  alone when it 
is not. See Usage Note at as 1center ,parallel ,perfect ,unique 
ڵһУɾequally  ڵڶУɾas  ִ÷ĽڣȽϵȷʱʹas  Ƚϵﲻȷʱ
ʹequally  μ as1center,parallel,perfect,unique

= =
equality
e.qual.i.ty
AHD:[1-kw?l1-t?] 
D.J.[!6kwKl!ti8]
K.K.[!6kw$l!ti]
n.ʣ
 e.qual.i.ties 
The state or quality of being equal.
ȣͬ״̬
Mathematics A statement, usually an equation, that one thing equals another.
ѧ ʽһͨΪһʽһֵһ
?
Middle English equalite 
йӢ equalite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin aequ33s} 
Դ  aequ33s} 
from aequ3s [equal] * see  equal 
Դ aequ3s [] *μ equal

= =
equation
e.qua.tion
AHD:[1-kw3zhn, -shn] 
D.J.[!6kwe!9*n, -.*n]
K.K.[!6kwe9*n, -.*n]
n.Abbr. eq.ʣд eq.
The act or process of equating or of being equated.
ȣȻ򱻵ͬĶ
The state of being equal.
ȵ״̬
Mathematics A statement asserting the equality of two expressions, usually written as a linear array of symbols that are separated into left and right sides and joined by an equal sign.
ѧ ʽһȵĳͨдһзŲȺŷΪ
Chemistry A representation of a chemical reaction, usually written as a linear array in which the symbols and quantities of the reactants are separated from those of the products by an 
equal sign, an arrow, or a set of opposing arrows.
ѧ ѧʽһѧӦͨдһзţʾӦＰķűͷͷͬıʽֿ
A complex of variable elements or factors:
ۺ壺ɲͬɷֺɵۺ壺
The world was full of equations . . . there must be an answer for everything, if only you knew how to set forth the questions(Anne Tyler)
˸ӵʹ֪ĻôҲ¾ͻдˡ(ݡ̩)
?
equational
adj.ݴʣ
equationally
adv.ʣ

= =
equator
e.qua.tor
AHD:[1-kw3tr] 
D.J.[!6kwe!t*]
K.K.[!6kwet+]
n.ʣ
The imaginary great circle around the earth's surface, equidistant from the poles and perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation. It divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and 
the Southern Hemisphere.
лƵĴԲϱȣᴹֱ Ϊϰ
A similar great circle drawn on the surface of a celestial body at right angles to the axis of rotation.
תֱǵĴԲ
The celestial equator.

A circle that divides a sphere or other surface into congruent parts.
γߣֳർֵԲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin aequ3?o et noctis)} [equalizer (of day and night)] 
Դ  aequ3?o et noctis)} [ʹպҹ] 
from aequ3e [to equalize] * see  equate 
Դ aequ3e [ʹ] *μ equate

= =
equilibrium
e.qui.lib.ri.um
AHD:[?kw-l1br?-m, kw-] 
D.J.[7i8kw*6l!bri8*m, 7ekw*-]
K.K.[7ikw*6l!bri*m, 7Wkw*-]
n.ʣ
 e.qui.lib.ri.ums  e.qui.lib.ri.a [-r?-]  
A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system.See Synonyms at balance 
ƽ⣬⣺һжӰ춼ϵͳƽȵġƵġ״̬μ balance
Mental or emotional balance; poise.
ƽȶ
Physics The state of a body or physical system at rest or in unaccelerated motion in which the resultant of all forces acting on it is zero and the sum of all torques about any axis is 
zero.
ѧ ƽϵֹڷǼ˶״̬״̬ĺΪ㣬ϵغΪ
Chemistry The state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the reactants and products does not change with 
time.
ѧ ƽ⣺ڻѧӦп淴Ӧ֮ٶͬӦŨȲʱıһ״̬
?
Latin aequilom 
 aequilom 
aequi- [equi-] 
aequi- [ʾͬȡĹʳɷ] 
loa [balance] 
loa [ƽ] 

= =
equip
e.quip
AHD:[1-kw1p] 
D.J.[!6kw!p]
K.K.[!6kw!p]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.quipped,e.quip.ping,e.quips 
To supply with necessities such as tools or provisions.
װΪṩƷ繤ߡ
To furnish with the qualities necessary for performance:
׼ѵʹ֮߱ĳΪƷʣ
an education that will equip you to handle such problems.See Synonyms at furnish 
һѧᴦѵμ furnish
To dress up.
÷װ
?
French quiper 
 quiper 
from Old French esquiper 
Դ ŷ esquiper 
[of Germanic origin] ; akin to  Old Norse skipa  from skip [ship] 
[Դڵ]   ˹ά skipa  Դ skip [] 

= =
equipment
e.quip.ment
AHD:[1-kw1pmnt] 
D.J.[!6kw!pm*nt]
K.K.[!6kw!pm*nt]
n.Abbr. equip.ʣд equip.
The act of equipping or the state of being equipped.
װװΪװ״̬
Something with which a person, an organization, or a thing is equipped.
豸װãװˡ֯Ķ
The rolling stock especially of a transportation system.
䱸ָĳһֽͨϵͳеĳ
The qualities or traits that make up the mental and emotional resources of an individual.
ʣһԴıʻ
?
equipment,apparatus,gear,materiel,outfit,paraphernalia,rig,tackle
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the materials needed for a purpose such as a task or a journey: 
Щеһ˼ǡĳһĿģһһĲϡ 
hiking equipment;
ͽеװ
laboratory apparatus;
ʵ豸
skiing gear;
ѩþߣ
naval materiel;
Ʒ
an explorer's outfit;
̽ռҵװ
sports paraphernalia;
Ʒ
a climber's rig;
ɽߵе
fishing tackle. 
 

= =
equivalent
e.quiv.a.lent
AHD:[1-kw1v-lnt] 
D.J.[!6kw!v*l*nt]
K.K.[!6kw!v*l*nt]
adj.Abbr. equiv.,eq.ݴʣд equiv.,eq.
Equal, as in value, force, or meaning.
ȣڼֵϡЧϡ൱Ե
Having similar or identical effects.
ЧģͬЧ
Being essentially equal, all things considered:
൱ģ˵ʵͬģ
a wish that was equivalent to a command.
൱
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Capable of being put into a one-to-one relationship. Used of two sets.
ȼ۵ģȻģгһһӦġ鼯
Having virtually identical or corresponding parts.
ȵģȫȲֻӦֵ
Chemistry Having the same ability to combine.
ѧ ȼ۵ġģͬȵĽ
n.Abbr. equiv.,eq.ʣд equiv.,eq.
Something that is essentially equal to another:
Եһȵ
Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to . . . accident and malpractice victims
(Moorhead Kennedy)
Ϊȸ˶Ҫ⽻ߵĿǲƫӦĶ¹ʺҽܺ߼Ծ޶һ(¶ڵ¡)
Chemistry Equivalent weight.
ѧ 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin aequival?s  aequivalent- [present participle of] aequival?re [to have equal force] 
Դ  aequival?s  aequivalent-  [] aequival?reڷִ [ͬȵ] 
aequi- [equi-] 
aequi- [ǰ׺ȡ] 
val?e [to be strong] * see  wal- 
val?e [ǿ] *μ wal- 
?
equivalently
adv.ʣ

= =
era
e.ra
AHD:[?r, r] 
D.J.[6!*r*, 6er*]
K.K.[6!r*, 6Wr*]
n.ʣ
A period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system.
ĳһһʱ䣬Ҳϵͳĸ
A period of time characterized by particular circumstances, events, or personages:
ʱ⻷¼Ϊ־һʱ䣺
the Colonial era of U.S. history; the Kennedy era.
ʷϵֳʱڣʱ
A point that marks the beginning of such a period of time.See Synonyms at period 
ش¼־һʱʼһμ period
The longest division of geologic time, made up of one or more periods.
ԪĻ֣һ׶
?
Late Latin aera 
 aera 
from Latin [counters] 
Դ  [] 
pl. of aes  aer- [bronze coin] * see  ayes- 
 aesĸ  aer- [ͭ] *μ ayes- 
?
ERA
ERA
abbr.
 Baseball Earned run average. 
 Earned run average.
Equal Rights Amendment.
ƽȨ

= =
erect
e.rect
AHD:[1-rkt] 
D.J.[!6rekt]
K.K.[!6rWkt]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in a vertical, upright position:
ֱģֱģڴֱģֱλã
an erect lily stalk; an erect posture.
ͦİٺϻֱ
Vertical.
ֱ
Being in a stiff, rigid physiological condition.
ӲģھнġӲ״̬
Archaic Wide-awake; alert.
 ѵģ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.rect.ed,e.rect.ing,e.rects 
To construct by assembling:
죺ͨװ죺
erect a skyscraper.
һĦ
To raise to a rigid or upright condition.
̧һֱֱλ
To fix in an upright position.
ʹֱʹʹ̶һֱλ
To set up; establish:

erect a dynasty.
һ
Mathematics To construct (a perpendicular, for example) from or on a given base.
ѧ һֱߣĳһ߽һߣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin ??ctus} [past participle of] ?rigere [to set up] 
Դ  ??ctus}  [] ?rigereĹȥִ [] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺⣬ϣ뿪] 
regere [to guide] * see  reg- 
regere [ָ] *μ reg- 
?
erectable
adj.ݴʣ
erectly
adv.ʣ
erectness
n.ʣ

= =
erosion
e.ro.sion
AHD:[1-r?zhn] 
D.J.[!6r*&9*n]
K.K.[!6ro9*n]
n.ʣ
The process of eroding or the condition of being eroded:
ʴʴʴĹ̻򱻸ʴ״̬
erosion of the beach; progressive erosion of confidence in our legal system; erosion of the value of the dollar abroad.
ĸʴ˾ĵԪֵı
The group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the earth's surface.
ʴʴָʹϴӵرĥĵһȻ̣绯ܽ⡢ĥʴʴʴͰ
?
Latin ??si?}  ?r?si?n- [an eating away] 
 ??si?}  ?r?si?n- [ʳ] 
from ??sus} [eaten away] * see  erose 
Դ ??sus} [ʴ] *μ erose
?
erosional
adj.ݴʣ
erosionally
adv.ʣ

= =
erroneous
er.ro.ne.ous
AHD:[1-r?n?-s] 
D.J.[!6r*&ni8*s]
K.K.[!6roni*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing or derived from error; mistaken:
ģŴɴó
erroneous conclusions.
Ľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin err?s 
Դ  err?s 
from err?}  err?n- [a vagabond] 
Դ err?}  err?n- [Ư] 
from err3e [to err, wander] * see  ers- 
Դ err3e [󣬲] *μ ers- 
?
erroneously
adv.ʣ
erroneousness
n.ʣ

= =
error
er.ror
AHD:[rr] 
D.J.[6er*]
K.K.[6Wr+]
n.ʣ
An act, an assertion, or a belief that unintentionally deviates from what is correct, right, or true.
ʶƫȷΪŻ
The condition of having incorrect or false knowledge.
ʧ󣬲ʶȷ״̬
The act or an instance of deviating from an accepted code of behavior.
볣棺ƫܵΪ׼Ϊ
A mistake.

Mathematics The difference between a computed or measured value and a true or theoretically correct value.
ѧ ֵֵȷֵ֮
Abbr. e,e.Baseball A defensive fielding or throwing misplay by a player when a play normally should have resulted in an out or prevented an advance by a base runner.
д e,e. ʧ󣺰Ա׼ڷʱӦʹֳֹֻԷԱ
?
Middle English errour 
йӢ errour 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin error 
Դ  error 
from err3e [to err] * see  ers- 
Դ err3e [] *μ ers- 
?
errorless
adj.ݴʣ
?
error,mistake,oversight
These nouns refer to what is not in accord with truth, accuracy, or propriety.
Щָ׼ȷ˵
 Error  indicates departure from the correct path;it often implies deviation from what is morally or ethically right or proper: 
 Error  ָΥȷĵ·ʾΪȷ˵ƫ룺 
Irrationally held truths may be more harmful than reasoned errors (Thomas H. Huxley). 
 ԵƳȺĴк ˹ȡ裩 
There is no error so monstrous that it fails to find defenders among the ablest men (Lord Acton).
ܸɵжҲ绤ߣûбĴ ˶پʿ
 Mistake  often implies misunderstanding or misinterpretation and is usually weaker thanerror  in imputing blame or censure:  
 Mistake  ָ⡢⣬ѻerror   
Nothing is easy in war.Mistakes are always paid for in casualties (Dwight D. Eisenhower).
սû¡ر ءDɭ
 Oversight   refers to an inadvertent omission or error that results from inattention: 
 Oversight  ָڲСĶµĲʧְ 
Through a regrettable oversight I failed to send you an invitation. See also Synonyms at  offense 
ʮֱǸҵûи㷢 μͬ offense

= =
erupt
e.rupt
AHD:[1-r?pt] 
D.J.[!6rJpt]
K.K.[!6rJpt]
v.ʣ
e.rupt.ed,e.rupt.ing,e.rupts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emerge violently from restraint or limits; explode:
ԼͻȻð
My neighbor erupted in anger over the noise.
ʹҵھӲȻŭ
To become violently active:
ָɽһ
The volcano erupted after years of dormancy.
ɽڳ˯һ
To force out or release something, such as steam, with violence or suddenness.
ͻȻҵ緢ųˮ
To break through the gums in developing. Used of teeth.
سָ
To appear on the skin. Used of a rash or blemish.
Ƥϳָ֡ߵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To force out violently.
ҵر
?
Latin ?e  ?rupt- 
 ?e  ?rupt- ?- [ex-] ?- [ʾȫס] 
rumpere [to break] * see  reup- 
rumpere [飬] *μ reup- 
?
eruptive
adj.ݴʣ
eruptively
adv.ʣ

= =
escape
es.cape
AHD:[1-sk3p] 
D.J.[!6ske!p]
K.K.[!6skep]
v.ʣ
es.caped,es.cap.ing,es.capes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break loose from confinement; get free.
ߣѣѼõ
To issue from confinement or an enclosure; leak or seep out:
©ƺͻ©й¶
Gas was escaping.
ú©
To avoid capture, danger, or harm:
ѣӱܣѲΣջ˺
Ten prisoners had escaped.
ʮﷸԽ
Botany To grow beyond a cultivated area.
ֲѧ Ұ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To succeed in avoiding.
ѣɹر
To break loose from; get free of.
ӱܣӹ룻õ
To elude the memory or comprehension of:
ǣⷶΧ
Her name escapes me. The book's significance escaped him.
֡ǱҪ
To issue involuntarily from:
Ծأӡɡ
A sigh escaped my lips.
Ҳ̾˿
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of escaping.
ܣܵĶ״
A means of escaping.
ܹ߻򷽷
A means of obtaining temporary freedom from worry, care, or unpleasantness:
ӱʵǡĺͲеõʱĽѵķ
Television is my escape from worry.
ӱʵķ
A gradual effusion from an enclosure; a leakage.
й©ӰΧ©й©
Botany A plant that has become established away from the area of cultivation.
ֲѧ Ұ֣˸ֲֵ
Computer Science A key used especially to interrupt a command, exit a program, or change levels within a program.
ѧ 룬ת壬˳ݳжִУ̵һжһָֹͣлͬһиı
?
Middle English escapen 
йӢ escapen 
from Old North French escaper 
Դ ŷ escaper 
from Vulgar Latin *excapp3e [to get out of one's cape, get away] 
Դ  *excapp3e [ѣĳ˵Ŀ] 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ȥ뿪] 
Medieval Latin cappa [cloak] 
 cappa [] 
?
escapable
adj.ݴʣ
escaper
n.ʣ
?
escape,avoid,shun,eschew,evade,elude
These verbs mean to get or stay away from persons or things.
Щ˼ӻ뿪˻ӰͿơ
 Escape  can mean to get free, as from confinement, or to remain untouched or unaffected by something unwanted: 
 Escape  ָõɡֲָҪĶӴӰ죺 
Let no guilty man escape, if it can be avoided (Ulysses S. Grant). 
ܹӱܣɰɣ ˹Sأ 
It is curious . . . what shifts we make to escape thinking (James Russell Lowell).
˺ǡܲȡʲôʩ˼ ղķ˹˹ά
 Avoid  always involves an effort to keep away from what is considered to be a source of danger or difficulty: 
 Avoid  뱻ΪѺΣյĸԴŬйأ 
avoiding strenuous exercise;
ӱܽŵѵ
avoided committing herself.
ӱΪΡ
Shun  refers to deliberately keeping clear of what is unwelcome or undesirable: 
Shun  ָ벻ϲҪﻮޣ 
Family friends . . . she shunned like the plague (John Galsworthy).
ӱֻһӱܼ Լ߶˹磩
 Eschew   involves staying clear of something because to do otherwise would be unwise or morally wrong: 
 Eschew  ָӱĳЩΪЩǲǵĻڵǴģ 
Eschew evil, and do good  (Book of Common Prayer).
£¡ ֲͨᣩ
 Evade   implies adroit maneuvering and sometimes implies dishonesty or irresponsibility: 
 Evade  ָüƲߡʱҲָʵã 
evading capture;
üıã
tried to evade jury duty. Toelude is to get away from artfully:  
üƵõŵְ Elude ָԶ룺  
elude a blow;
ֻ
eluded his pursuers. 
ӱ׷ߡ 
?
Traditionally,escape is used with from  when it means break loose and with a direct object when it means avoid.Thus we might sayThe forger escaped from prison by hiding in 
a laundry truck,  butThe forger escaped prison when he turned in his accomplices in order to get a suspended sentence.  In recent years, however,escape  has been used with a direct 
object in the sense break free of: 
ͳĹescape  from ָӡɡ ֱӱʱ˼Ϊӱܡǿ˵Ǹαͨڳ˻˼  ȴ˵Ǹα
Ϊ˵õ̹ͬûн  ȻЩescape ֱӱã Ϊɡ 
The craft will acquire sufficient velocity to escape the sun's gravitational attraction. 
ɴ㹻ٶ̫ 
This usage is well establishedand should be regarded as standard.
÷пܱȷҲᱻǱ׼÷

= =
escort
es.cort
AHD:[sk?rt] 
D.J.[6es7k%8t]
K.K.[6Ws7k%rt]
n.ʣ
One or more persons accompanying another to guide, protect, or show honor.
ӣ̶ӣߣͬˣ졢ʾ𾴵һ
A man who is the companion of a woman, especially on a social occasion.
ʹߣŮӸˣرڹ
One or more vehicles accompanying another vehicle to guide, protect, or honor its passengers.
ͳӣͬʾÿ͵Ļ
One or more warships or planes used to defend or protect other craft from enemy attack.
ʵб˹Ļɻ
The state of being accompanied by a person or protective guard.
ڡͬ£һ˻߽зľͬ״̬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
es.cort.ed,es.cort.ing,es.corts[1-sk?rt, -sk?rt, sk?rt]  
To accompany as an escort.See Synonyms at accompany 
ͣл͵ͬμ accompany
?
French escorte 
 escorte 
from Italian scorta 
Դ  scorta 
from scorgere [to guide] 
Դ scorgere [] 
from Vulgar Latin *excorrigere 
Դ  *excorrigere 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ʾ뿪] 
Latin corrigere [to set right] * see  correct 
 corrigere [Σ䷢չ] *μ correct

= =
especially
es.pe.cial.ly
AHD:[-spsh-l?, 1-spsh-] 
D.J.[e6spe.*li8, !6spe.-]
K.K.[W6spW.*li, !6spW.-]
adv.Abbr. esp.ʣд esp.
To an extent or degree deserving of special emphasis; particularly.
⣬Ҫأ쳣أԡע⵽ĳ̶ȣרŵ

= =
essay
es.say
AHD:[s3, -s3] 
D.J.[6es7e!, e6se!]
K.K.[6Ws7e, W6se]
n.ʣ
[s3] 
[s3] 
A short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author.
СƷģʣͨۼһĶС£ͨ߸˵Ĺ۵
Something resembling such a composition:
Ӽģһ£
a photojournalistic essay.
һλӰߵӼ
A testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing:
飺ֵαжϣ
an essay of the students' capabilities.
ѧϰ
An initial attempt or endeavor, especially a tentative attempt.
ͼγԻŬָʱԵĳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
es.sayed,es.say.ing,es.says[-s3, s3]  
To make an attempt at; try.
ԣԣͼ
To subject to a test.
飺ʵ֤
?
Middle English essayen [to try] 
йӢ essayen [ԣŬ] 
from Old French essaier 
Դ ŷ essaier 
from Vulgar Latin *exagi3e [to weigh out] 
Դ  *exagi3e [] 
from Late Latin exagium [a weighing] 
Դ  exagium [ǣ] 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺ǰġ] 
Latin agere [to drive] * see  ag- 
 agere [ʹ] *μ ag- 
?
essayer
n.ʣ

= =
essence
es.sence
AHD:[sns] 
D.J.[6es*ns]
K.K.[6Ws*ns]
n.ʣ
The intrinsic or indispensable properties that serve to characterize or identify something.
ʣʾıʻҪ
The most important ingredient; the crucial element.
ҪأҪĹɲ֣Ҫ
The inherent, unchanging nature of a thing or class of things.
ԣ壺һһеġܸı
An extract that has the fundamental properties of a substance in concentrated form.
裬ŨĽṹҪ
Such an extract in a solution of alcohol.
ƾȡƾҺеȡ
A perfume or scent.
㾫
One that has or shows an abundance of a quality as if highly concentrated:
ʣƣĳĳлʾ߶ȼеʣ
a neighbor who is the essence of hospitality.
ÿ͵ھ
Something that exists, especially a spiritual or incorporeal entity.
񣺴ڵĳָĻεĴ
?
in essence
By nature; essentially:
ϣʵʵģ
He is in essence a reclusive sort.
Ͼһʿ
of the essence
Of the greatest importance; crucial:
ҪģҪģԵģ
Time is of the essence.
ʱ
?
Middle English essencia 
йӢ essencia 
French essence 
 essence 
both from Latin essentia 
Դ  essentia 
from *ess?s  .essent- [present participle of] esse [to be]  translation of Greek ousia [from present participle of] einai [to be] 
Դ *ess?s  essent-  [] esseڷִ [Ϊ]   ϣ ousiaķ  [] Դeinaiڷִ [] 
* see  es- 
*μ es- 

= =
essential
es.sen.tial
AHD:[1-snshl] 
D.J.[!6sen.*l]
K.K.[!6sWn.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Constituting or being part of the essence of something; inherent.
ʵģزٵɲ֣е
Basic or indispensable; necessary:
ģģĻ򲻿ȱٵģԱҪģ
essential ingredients.See Synonyms at indispensable 
ҪĹҪزμ indispensable
Medicine Of, relating to, or being a dysfunctional condition or a disease whose cause is unknown:
ҽѧ ԭģ״̬ԷģԭĻطģ
essential hypertension.
̬ԸѪѹ
Biochemistry Being a substance that is required for normal functioning but cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore must be included in the diet.
ﻯѧ Ԫأĳһ裬ֲϳɵʣʳﺬ
n.ʣ
Something fundamental.
ҪأҪĶ
Something necessary or indispensable.
ƷĳҪػʵ
?
essentiality
AHD:[-sh?-2l1-t?]   es.sential.ness ʣ
essentially
adv.ʣ

= =
establish
es.tab.lish
AHD:[1-st2bl1sh] 
D.J.[!6st#bl!.]
K.K.[!6st#bl!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
es.tab.lished,es.tab.lish.ing,es.tab.lish.es 
To set up; found.See Synonyms at found 1
μ found1
To bring about; generate:
£
establish goodwill in the neighborhood.
ھӴõף
To place or settle in a secure position or condition; install:
ʹźã԰ȫλû״̬û򰲷ţã
They established me in my own business.
ԼĹ˾ְ
To make firm or secure.
ȷʹȫ
To cause to be recognized and accepted:
ʹܣʹõϺʹܣ
a discovery that established his reputation.
ֽ
To introduce and put (a law, for example) into force.
ܺʵʩ磬ɣ
To prove the validity or truth of:
ȷϷԻȫԣ
The defense attorneys established the innocence of the accused.
λ绤ʦ÷֤
To make a state institution of (a church).
ʹΪʩã
?
Middle English establishen 
йӢ establishen 
from Old French establir  establiss- 
Դ ŷ establir  establiss- 
from Latin stabiloe 
Դ  stabiloe 
from stabilis [firm] * see  st3- 
Դ stabilis [ģǿ׳] *μ st3- 
?
establisher
n.ʣ

= =
establishment
es.tab.lish.ment
AHD:[1-st2bl1sh-mnt] 
D.J.[!6st#bl!.m*nt]
K.K.[!6st#bl!.m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of establishing.
Ϊ
The condition or fact of being established.
ʵȷϵΪ״̬
Something established, as:
ȷϵ磺
An arranged order or system, especially a legal code.
ƣ򣺱źõϵͳָ
A permanent civil, political, or military organization.
壬ţ»ľ塢ͳμŻ¼
An established church.

A place of residence or business with its possessions and staff.
ѽĹ˾ӵвƲԱסլ˾
A public or private institution, such as a hospital or school.
˽˹һ˽˻ҽԺѧУ
Often Establishment An established social order, as:
  Establishment ѵõϿɵһѾõȷ磺
A group of people holding most of the power and influence in a government or society. Often used withthe.  
ȨɣĵȨɣ쵼ͨthe  
A controlling group in a given field of activity. Often used withthe.  
ȨʿĳһеȨʿͨthe  

= =
estate
es.tate
AHD:[1-st3t] 
D.J.[!6ste!t]
K.K.[!6stet]
n.ʣ
A landed property, usually of considerable size.
ӵȨӵصȨָͨƬ
The whole of one's possessions, especially all the property and debts left by one at death.
ŲĳȫĲƲָһµеĲƲծ
Abbr. est.Law The nature and extent of an owner's rights with respect to land or other property.
д est.ɡ ززȨƲȨػƲĹеĻʱȨ
Chiefly British A housing development.
Ӣ ݣزźͷչ
The situation or circumstances of one's life:
״ͻ
A child's estate gives way to the adult's estate.
ͯʱڲʱ
Social position or rank, especially of high order.
ȼλȼرָϸλ
A major social class, such as the nobility, the commons, or the clergy, formerly possessing distinct political rights.
ײ㣺Ҫײ㣬ײ㡢ƽײ㡢ʦײ㣬вѰȨ
Archaic Display of wealth or power; pomp.
 ҫƸȨ
?
Middle English estat [condition] 
йӢ estat [״̬״] 
from Old French * see  state 
Դ ŷ *μ state

= =
esthetic
es.thet.ic
AHD:[s-tht1k] 
D.J.[es6Get!k]
K.K.[Ws6GWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
Variant of aesthetic 
 aestheticı

= =
estimate
es.ti.mate
AHD:[st-m3t] 
D.J.[6est*7me!t]
K.K.[6Wst*7met]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
es.ti.mat.ed,es.ti.mat.ing,es.ti.mates 
To calculate approximately (the amount, extent, magnitude, position, or value of something).
Ʋ⣬ƣǡƲ⣨Ʒ̶ȡģ״ֵ
To form an opinion about; evaluate:
ۣۣԡγжϣۣ
While an author is yet living we estimate his powers by his worst performance(Samuel Johnson)
һһʱƷӰ(ѶԼѷ)
n.ʣ
AHD:[-m1t] д est.
The act of evaluating or appraising.
ƣۣۻƵΪ
A tentative evaluation or rough calculation, as of worth, quantity, or size.
ۣԵؼʹµĹֵۣߴ
A statement of the approximate cost of work to be done, such as a building project or car repairs.
񱨱ҪĹĸֻѵĲ񱨱罨ƻ
A judgment based on one's impressions; an opinion.
жϣĳеӡжϣ
?
Latin aestim3e  aestim3t- 
 aestim3e  aestim3t- 
?
estimative
adj.ݴʣ
estimator
n.ʣ
?
estimate,appraise,assess,assay,evaluate,rate
These verbs mean to form a judgment of worth or significance.
Щ˼ǶֵҪԵжϡ
 Estimate  usually implies a subjective and somewhat inexact judgment: 
 Estimate  ָͨģЩ׼ȷĹƣ 
difficult to estimate the possible results in advance;
ѹڷչĽ
could only estimate the size of the crowd.
ܴ¹ƳȺĹģ
Appraise   stresses expert judgment: 
Appraise  ǿרҵжϣ 
appraised the furniture and works of art before distributing them to the heirs.
ڰѼҾߺƷɢ̳֮ǰȶм
Assess  implies authoritative judgment in setting a monetary value on something as a basis for taxation: 
Assess  ָĳнǮϵȨĹƣԴ˰Ļ 
assessing an apartment on the amount for which it is likely to be rented.
ΪҪ⣬Ҫйۡ
Assay   refers to careful examination,especially to chemical analysis of an ore to determine its quality, fineness, or purity: 
Assay  ָϸµļ⣬ָԿʯлѧⶨԼȣ 
cut a minute piece off the ingot to assay it.  In extended sensesappraise, assess,  and assay  can refer to any critical analysis or appraisal:  
һСƬ ˼appraiseaccess  assay ̵ָķͼ  
appraised his character and found him wanting;
Ըֵص㣻
assessing the impact of higher taxes on lower-income households;
˰ʶԵͥӰ죻
has no method for assaying merit.
ûа취ŵз
Evaluate   implies considered judgment in ascertaining value: 
Evaluate  ָΪıʶеĴж 
evaluating a student's thesis for content and organization;
ѧĵĽṹݽз
used projective tests to evaluate her aptitudes.
ͨۿԶĲܽз
Rate   involves determining the rank or grade of someone or something in relation to others: 
Rate  ָǸݱжĳ˵ĵȼ;Σ 
Will history rate Picasso above Renoir? 
ѵʷΪϼŵȼߣ 

= =
eternal
e.ter.nal
AHD:[1-t?rnl] 
D.J.[!6tT8n*l]
K.K.[!6tPn*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being without beginning or end; existing outside of time.See Synonyms at infinite 
ģʼյģĲμ infinite
Continuing without interruption; perpetual.
ϵģ
Forever true or changeless:
ģԶʵĻʼղģ
eternal truths.

Seemingly endless; interminable.See Synonyms at ageless See Synonyms at continual 
ƺֹģûû˵Ĳμ agelessμ continual
Of or relating to spiritual communion with God, especially in the afterlife.
ģԶϵͬڵģָ
n.ʣ
Something timeless, uninterrupted, or endless.
ʱƵġϵĻ
Eternal God. Used withthe.  
 Eternal ϵۡ붨ڴthe  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin aetern3s 
Դ  aetern3s 
from Latin aeternus * see  aiw- 
Դ  aeternus *μ aiw- 
?
eternality
AHD:[?tr-n2l1-t?]   e.ternal.ness ʣ
eternally
adv.ʣ

= =
ethnic
eth.nic
AHD:[thn1k] 
D.J.[6eGn!k]
K.K.[6WGn!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage.
ģֵģڻ൱ģ˵ȺģȺеĳԱӵйͬĺͶصġġڽ̵ġԵĻĻŲ
Being a member of a particular ethnic group.
һԱģΪһض弯еĳԱ
Of, relating to, or distinctive of members of such a group:
ģڣڻһеĳԱģ
ethnic restaurants; ethnic art.
ζķݣ
Relating to a people not Christian or Jewish; heathen.
ͽģڷǻͽ̫ͽ˵ģͽ
n.ʣ
A member of a particular ethnic group, especially one who maintains the language or customs of the group.
иԡ׵ĳԱĳһض弯еһԱָһŵԻϰߵĳԱ
?
Middle English [heathen] 
йӢ [ͽ] 
from Late Latin ethnicus 
Դ  ethnicus 
from Greek ethnikos 
Դ ϣ ethnikos 
from ethnos [people, nation] * see  s(w)e- 
Դ ethnos [壬] *μ s(w)e- 
?
When in a Middle English text written before 1400it is said that a part of a temple fell down and mad a gret distruccione of ethnykis,one wonders why ethnics were singled out for 
death.The wordethnic  in this context, however, means gentile, coming as it does from the Greek adjectiveethnikos,  meaning national, foreign, gentile.The adjective is derived 
from the nounethnos,  people, nation, foreign people, that in the plural phraseta ethn?}  meant foreign nations. In translating the Hebrew Bible into Greek,this phrase was used 
for Hebrewg?om,}  gentiles; hence the sense of the noun in the Middle English quotation.The nounethnic  in this sense or the related sense heathen is not recorded after 1728, 
although the related adjective sense is still used. But probably under the influence of other words going back to Greekethnos,  such asethnography  and ethnology,  the adjectiveethnic  
broadened in meaning in the 19th century. After this broadeningthe noun sense a member of a particular ethnic group,first recorded in 1945, came into existence.
һƪ1400ǰйӢдһһֵ˲һĳ׻𡱣֪Ϊʲôһ嵥ȥethnic е
˼ǡͽ ϣݴethnikos  Ϊģģ̵ġݴԴethnos Ϊ塢塢ˡ ĸʽta ethne Ϊ
塱 ڰϣʥϣĹУһ鱻ϣеgoyim Ϊͽ ʵĺӢﱻáʹغ⽲ethnic 
1728֮Ҳδ¼ʱصݴʺѱӦã Щ׷ݵϣethnos Ĵʣ ethnograthy  ethnology Ӱ£ ݴethnic 19ʱ
䡣 ʴΪĳһضȺеһԱ1945걻״¼ʼ

= =
evaluate
e.val.u.ate
AHD:[1-v2ly?-3t] 
D.J.[!6v#lju87e!t]
K.K.[!6v#lju7et]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.val.u.at.ed,e.val.u.at.ing,e.val.u.ates 
To ascertain or fix the value or worth of.
ֵļۣȷֵֵ
To examine and judge carefully; appraise.See Synonyms at estimate 
ԡۣϸؿжϡۣμ estimate
Mathematics To calculate the numerical value of; express numerically.
ѧ 㡭ֵĿʾ
?
Back-formation from evaluation 
Դ evaluation湹 
from French valuation 
Դ  valuation 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from evaluer [to evaluate] 
Դ evaluer [ۣ] 
e- [out]  from Latin ?- * see  ex- 
e- []  Դ  ?- *μ ex-
value [value] * see  value 
value [ֵ] *μ value
?
evaluation
n.ʣ
evaluative
adj.ݴʣ
evaluator
n.ʣ

= =
evaporate
e.vap.o.rate
AHD:[1-v2p-r3t] 
D.J.[!6v#p*7re!t]
K.K.[!6v#p*7ret]
v.ʣ
e.vap.o.rat.ed,e.vap.o.rat.ing,e.vap.o.rates д evap.
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convert or change into a vapor.
ʹʹΪ
To draw off in the form of vapor.
ʹӷʽų
To draw moisture from, as by heating, leaving only the dry solid portion.
ʹˮͨʹˮų¸Ĺ岿
To deposit (a metal) on a substrate by vacuum sublimation.
ʹͨʹȳڵײ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change into vapor.
ӷת
To pass off in or as vapor.
ʧȥʹʧ
To produce vapor.
ɢ壺
To disappear; vanish:
ʧͻȻ
Our fears at last evaporated.See Synonyms at disappear 
ǵĿ־ʧ˲μ disappear
?
Middle English evaporaten 
йӢ evaporaten 
from Latin ??r3re}  ?vap?r3t- 
Դ  ??r3re}  ?vap?r3t- ?- [ex-] ?- [⣬ϣ] 
vapor [steam] 
vapor [] 
?
evaporation
n.ʣ
evaporative
adj.ݴʣ
evaporatively
adv.ʣ
evaporativity
AHD:[-r-t1v1-t?] ʣ
evaporator
n.ʣ

= =
eve
eve
AHD:[?v] 
D.J.[i8v]
K.K.[iv]
n.ʣ
The evening or day preceding a special day, such as a holiday.
ǰϦǰҹһӵǰϦǰҹ
The period immediately preceding a certain event:
ǰϦҪ¼ǰϦ
the eve of war.
սǰϦ
Evening.

?
Middle English eve 
йӢ eve 
variant of even * see  even 2
 even *μ even2ı 
?
Eve
Eve
AHD:[?v] 
D.J.[i8v]
K.K.[iv]
NONE޴ԣ
In the Old Testament, the first woman and the wife of Adam.
ޣ̡ԼŮʼ棬ǵ֮

= =
even
even 1
AHD:[?vn] 
D.J.[6i8v*n]
K.K.[6iv*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a horizontal surface; flat:
ˮƽģˮƽıģƽ̹ģ
an even floor.
ˮƽĵذ
Having no irregularities, roughness, or indentations; smooth.See Synonyms at level 
ƽ˳ģƽģûѡۣߵͲƽβ״̬ģƽĲμ level
Being in the same plane or line; parallel:
ƽеģͬһƽϵĻͬһϵģƽеģ
The picture is even with the window.
Ż봰ƽ
Having no variations or fluctuations; uniform:
뻮һģûб仯ģһµģ
the even rhythm of his breathing.See Synonyms at steady 
ĺƽȶȲμ steady
Of uniform distribution:
ȵģȵĻһµķֲ
an even application of varnish.
Ϳȵ
Placid; calm:
ģģ
an even temperament.
ĸ
Equal or identical in degree, extent, or amount:
ͬģڵλ̶ȻƽȵĻȫһµģ
Use even amounts of butter and sugar.
ͬͺ
Equally matched or balanced:
ģƾеĻƽģ
an even fight.
һƾеĴ
Just; fair:
ģƽģģ
an even bargain.
ƽĽ
Having nothing due on either side; square:
ƽȵģǷģȵģ
If we each take half, then we'll be even.
˫һ룬ǾͻǷ
Having exacted full revenge.

Having equal probability; as likely as not:
ģȿԵģͬܵģ
an even chance of winning.
ͬʤĻ
Sports 
˶ 
Having an equal score:
ƽֵģȱȷ֣÷֣ģ
The teams are even at halftime.
볡ʱӻͬ
Being equal for each opponent. Used of a score.
ģÿֶȵġָ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Exactly divisible by 2.
ǡܱ2
Characterized or indicated by a number exactly divisible by 2.
żģܱ2
Having an even number in a series.
˫
Having an even number of members.
˫
Having an exact amount, extent, or number; precise:
ȷģ̶ȻĿϣȷģǡõģģȷģ
an even pound; an even foot.
һǡһӢ
adv.ʣ
To a greater degree or extent. Used as an intensive with comparative adjectives and adverbs:
ӣһĳ̶ȣȡݴʻ򸱴ʵıȽϼãǿ
Looked sick and felt even worse.
ģо
Indeed; moreover. Used as an intensive:
ڼǿ
He was depressed, even suicidal. Even a child knows better.
ܾɥȥɱӶ֪ø
Used as an intensive to indicate something that is unexpected:
ǿԱʾϵģ
declined even to consider the idea.
Ȼܾ뷨
At the same time as; already; just:
õأͬʱϣã
Even as we watched, the building collapsed.
ǡǹۿʱ򣬽
To a degree that extends; fully:
ȫأĳһ̶ȵأȫأ
loyal even unto death.

Exactly; precisely:
ǡǡ磺
It was even as he said: the jewel was gone.
˵ģ鱦
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
e.vened,e.ven.ing,e.vens 
To make or become even.
ʹΪƽƽ̹
?
on an even keel
In a stable or unimpaired state:
ᶨأƽȵĻ򲻶ҡ״̬
There was good reason to keep relations with Washington on an even keel(Helen Kitchen)
뻪ʢٱƽȹϵǺǵġ(ס)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English efen 
Դ Ӣ efen 
?
evener
n.ʣ
evenly
adv.ʣ
evenness
n.ʣ
?
even
even 2
AHD:[?vn] 
D.J.[6i8v*n]
K.K.[6iv*n]
n.Archaic ʣ 
Evening.
ƻ裬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?n 
Դ Ӣ ?n 

= =
evening
eve.ning
AHD:[?vn1ng] 
D.J.[6i8vn!0]
K.K.[6ivn!0]
n.Abbr. evg.ʣд evg.
The period of decreasing daylight between afternoon and night.
絽ҹչ𽥼ʱ
The period between sunset or the evening meal and bedtime:
ƻ裬͵޵ʱڣ
a quiet evening at home.
ڼҵƽҹ
A later period or time:
ڣڣ˥ڣ
in the evening of one's life.

Chiefly Southern U.S. Middle to late afternoon.
ϲ ڵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?g 
Դ Ӣ ?g 
from ?n [to become evening] 
Դ ?n [Ϊ] 
from ?n [evening] 
Դ ?n [] 

= =
event
e.vent
AHD:[1-vnt] 
D.J.[!6vent]
K.K.[!6vWnt]
n.ʣ
Something that takes place; an occurrence.
¼¼ż¼
A significant occurrence or happening.See Synonyms at occurrence 
£Ҫ¼±μ occurrence
A social gathering or activity.
罻ϣἯ
The final result; the outcome.

Sports A contest or an item in a sports program.
˶ Ŀ˶ľĿ
Physics A phenomenon or occurrence located at a single point in space-time, regarded as the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory.
ѧ ¼ʱλһ¼ΪлĹ۲ʵ
?
at all events
In any case.
κ£
in any event
In any case.
κ£
in the event
If it should happen; in case.
һ
?
Latin ?s [from past participle of] ?venore [to happen] 
 ?s  [] Դ?venoreĹȥִ [] ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ǰġ] 
venoe [to come] * see  g w3- 
venoe [] *μ g w3- 
?
eventless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
eventually
e.ven.tu.al.ly
AHD:[1-vnch?--l?] 
D.J.[!6vent.u8*li8]
K.K.[!6vWnt.u*li]
adv.ʣ
At an unspecified future time:
գδĳһȷʱģ
eventually rose to the position of vice president.
˸ܲõְλ

= =
ever
ev.er
AHD:[vr] 
D.J.[6ev*]
K.K.[6Wv+]
adv.ʣ
At all times; always:
һֱʱ䣻ǣ
ever hoping to strike it rich.
һֱϣ
At any time:
ĳһʱ䣺
Have you ever been to Europe?
ȥŷ?
In any way; at all:
κηʽף
How did they ever manage?See Usage Note at rarely 
ǵô?μ rarely
To a great extent or degree. Used for emphasis often withso : 
ں̶ܴϣǿso ã 
He was ever so sorry. Was she ever mad!
ܱǸǳ!
?
ever and again 
ever and anon
Now and then; occasionally.
ʱأʱأż
for ever and a day
Always; forever.
һֱԶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?e * see  aiw- 
Դ Ӣ ?e *μ aiw- 

= =
every
eve.ry
AHD:[vr?] 
D.J.[6evri8]
K.K.[6Wvri]
adj.ݴʣ
Constituting each and all members of a group without exception.
ÿģеģһȺеÿһԱȫ
Being all possible:
пܵģһпܵģֵģ
had every chance of winning, but lost.
ֻʤĻᣬ
Being each of a specified succession of objects or intervals:
ÿģȷеÿһĻʱռϵļģ
every third seat; every two hours.
ÿλÿСʱ
The highest degree or expression of:
ǳģ̶߳Ȼģ
showed us every attention; had every hope of succeeding.
ǱʾĹעԳɹϣ
?
every bitʽ
In all ways; equally:
ڸ棬ȫأͬأ
He is every bit as mean as she is.
ȫͬƽӹ
every now and then 
every now and again
From time to time; occasionally.
ʱأʱأż
every once in a while
From time to time; occasionally.
ʱأż
every other
Each alternate:
ÿһأ
She went to visit her aunt every other week.
ÿһȥһι
every so often
At intervals; occasionally.
ʱʱż
every which wayʽ
In every direction.
˷أ
In complete disorder.
µأȫ
?
Middle English everi, everich 
йӢ everi, everich 
from Old English ??lc} 
Դ Ӣ ??lc} ?e [ever] * see  aiw- ?e [] *μ aiw- ?c [each] * see  lok- ?c [ÿ] *μ lok- 
?
Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases 
introduced byevery, any,  and certain uses of some.  These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has  (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall 
ill.  But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery,  grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a 
singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested,  but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested.  Although the latter pattern 
is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, 
however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery  or any  that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is 
simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him.  Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he?  Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must 
find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by 
substituting another word forevery  or any  (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. )  The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery  or any 
 refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe.  See Usage Note at all ,any ,each 
,either ,he 1neither ,none 
Every һӢﵥʺͶĴ ʽǵģϸоȴǸ磬һeveryany ĳЩ÷е some ʶ
 Щĸʣ˵ÿ  have  Թ ÿ˶ are    ǵһаһдevery Ĵʱ Ӿ
ϾҪֲͬˡÿһƶ ı﷨﷨Ҫʹһʣ ϰøʣEvery car must have their brakes 
tested  ȻʽڸĽзǳձ飬дԹ㷺رΪ﷨ϵĴΣ﷨Ŭܻᵼ¸ָĸ⡣
﷨ϵĸԡһָһаevery  any һ˴Ӿ䲻ͬĶӾʱ ʲõʽ˺Ӣ
Ϊβ˵ÿ뿪ʱŸԵ  Ҳ˵û˻ᱻ  ԸЩøʽд߱ҵһֱ˼ķ߿ͨ
¸ıӵ˵ʹָĶͬһӾУEvery man left taking his raincoat with him  ͨһʴevery  any ķ All the man 
leftthey took their raincoats with them  ڶϵĸԡһevery  any ĶָһмŮʱ ʵĴôȷأ
ڵhe÷˵н  μ all,any,each,either,he1neither,none

= =
everybody
eve.ry.bod.y
AHD:[vr?-b?d?, -b?d?] 
D.J.[6evri87bKdi8, -7bJdi8]
K.K.[6Wvri7b$di, -7bJdi]
pron.ʣ
Every person; everyone.
ÿһˣÿˣ

= =
everyday
eve.ry.day
AHD:[vr?-d3] 
D.J.[6evri86de!]
K.K.[6Wvri6de]
adj.ݴʣ
Appropriate for ordinary days or routine occasions:
ճģƽջճϵģ
a suit for everyday wear.
ʺƽﴩ·
Commonplace; ordinary:
ƽģƽģͨģ
everyday worries.
ճķ
n.ʣ
The ordinary or routine day or occasion:
ճ֮£ͨĻƽӡϵģ
It was not an isolated, violent episode. It had become part of the everyday(Sherry Turkle)
ⲻһı¼ѾΪճеһ֡(лٶ)
?
everydayness
n.ʣ

= =
everyone
eve.ry.one
AHD:[vr?-w?n] 
D.J.[6evri87wJn]
K.K.[6Wvri7wJn]
pron.ʣ
Every person; everybody.See Usage Note at every See Usage Note at he 1
ÿˣ˲μ everyμ he1

= =
everything
eve.ry.thing
AHD:[vr?-th1ng] 
D.J.[6evri87G!0]
K.K.[6Wvri7G!0]
pron.ʣ
All things or all of a group of things.
һУһһе
All relevant matters:
йص£ĳйصһУ
told each other everything.
߶Էÿһ
The most important fact or consideration:
ҪĶҪʵΪĸݣ
In business, timing is everything.
ҵУʱҪ

= =
everywhere
eve.ry.where
AHD:[vr?-hwar, -war] 
D.J.[6evri87hwe*, -7we*]
K.K.[6Wvri7hwWr, -7wWr]
adv.ʣ
In any or every place; in all places.See Usage Note at everyplace 
κλÿطеطμ everyplace

= =
evidence
ev.i.dence
AHD:[v1-dns] 
D.J.[6ev!d*ns]
K.K.[6Wv!d*ns]
n.ʣ
A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment:
֤֤ݣڵóۻжϵĶ
The broken window was evidence that a burglary had taken place. Scientists weigh the evidence for and against a hypothesis.
Ĵǵ֤ݡѧԴ˺ǷϻΥ
Something indicative; an outward sign:
ۼףϵļ
evidence of grief on a mourner's face.
ߵϴű˵ļ
Law The documentary or oral statements and the material objects admissible as testimony in a court of law.
ɡ ֤ʣ֤ݣͥΪ֤ݵļͷʽĳʵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ev.i.denced,ev.i.denc.ing,ev.i.denc.es 
To indicate clearly; exemplify or prove.
ʾȷָ֤֤
To support by testimony; attest.
֤֤֤֤ʵ
?
in evidence
Plainly visible; to be seen:
Զ׼ģԱģ
It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets.
컹磬нֵϵϡɼ
Law As legal evidence:
ɡ Ϊϵ֤ݣ
submitted the photograph in evidence.
Ϊ֤Ƭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ?a 
Դ  ?a 
from Latin ??ns}  ?vident- [obvious] * see  evident 
Դ  ??ns}  ?vident- [Ե] *μ evident

= =
evident
ev.i.dent
AHD:[v1-dnt] 
D.J.[6ev!d*nt]
K.K.[6Wv!d*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Easily seen or understood; obvious.See Synonyms at apparent 
Ȼģ׵ģױģԵĲμ apparent
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ??ns}  ?vident- 
Դ  ??ns}  ?vident- ?- [ex-] ?- [ڵ] 
vid?s [present participle of] vid?re [to see] * see  weid- 
vid?s  [] vid?reڷִ [] *μ weid- 

= =
evil
e.vil
AHD:[?vl] 
D.J.[6i8v*l]
K.K.[6iv*l]
adj.ݴʣ
e.vil.er,e.vil.est 
Morally bad or wrong; wicked:
аģģ°ܻаģģ
an evil tyrant.See Synonyms at bad 1
аıμ bad1
Causing ruin, injury, or pain; harmful:
кģ˺ʹģкģ
the evil effects of a poor diet.
ʳǷѵĲӰ
Characterized by or indicating future misfortune; ominous:
ҵģģв֮׵ģ׵ģ
evil omens.
Ԥ
Bad or blameworthy by report; infamous:
Ʒлģûѵģǽģ
an evil reputation.
ӵ
Characterized by anger or spite; malicious:
ƢģױģŭͶص㣻޵ģ
an evil temper.
Ƣ
n.ʣ
The quality of being morally bad or wrong; wickedness.
а񣺾е°ܻƷУ
That which causes harm, misfortune, or destruction:
£У˺һٻ¼Ϊ
a leader's power to do both good and evil.
һ쵼ߵȨȿΪ
An evil force, power, or personification.
а
Something that is a cause or source of suffering, injury, or destruction:
ֺֻңɿѡ˺ƻ£
the social evils of poverty and injustice.
ƶͲ׶
adv.Archaic ʣ 
In an evil manner.
аأаķʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English yfel * see  wep- 
Դ Ӣ yfel *μ wep- 
?
evilly
adv.ʣ
evilness
n.ʣ

= =
evoke
e.voke
AHD:[1-v?k] 
D.J.[!6v*&k]
K.K.[!6vok]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
e.voked,e.vok.ing,e.vokes 
To summon or call forth:
ٻ
actions that evoked our mistrust.
ǲεΪ
To call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting:
ʹʹ˲ͨ֡ûʾʹ𡭣
songs that evoke old memories.
ջĸ
To create anew, especially by means of the imagination:
ʹ֣ٴ죬ָͨ鹹
a novel that evokes the Depression in accurate detail.
ԾȷϸִС˵
?
Latin ?3re} 
 ?3re} ?- [ex-] ?- [ϣ] 
voc3e [to call] * see  wek w- 
voc3e [] *μ wek w- 
?
evocable
AHD:[v-k-bl, 1-v?k-] ݴʣ
?
evoke,educe,elicit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to draw forth or bring out something latent, hidden, or unexpressed: 
Ще˼ǣʾǱڵġصġδ 
evoke laughter;
Ц
couldn't educe significance from the event;
ܴ¼壻
trying to elicit the truth. 
ͼó 

= =
evolution
ev.o.lu.tion
AHD:[v-l?shn, ?v-] 
D.J.[7ev*6lu8.*n, 7i8v*-]
K.K.[7Wv*6lu.*n, 7iv*-]
n.ʣ
A gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form.See Synonyms at development 
ݱ䣬ݻչһݱһָӡ״̬ת̲μ development
The process of developing.
չչչĹ
Gradual development.
ηչ𽥵ķչ
Biology 
ѧ 
The theory that groups of organisms change with passage of time, mainly as a result of natural selection, so that descendants differ morphologically and physiologically from their 
ancestors.
ۣҪȻѡĽȺ˽׶Եı仯ʹ̬϶ǵͬ
The historical development of a related group of organisms; phylogeny.
ϵͳۣȺʷķչȺչʷ
A movement that is part of a set of ordered movements.
һ˳Ķеһ
Mathematics The extraction of a root of a quantity.
ѧ һķ
?
Latin ??ti?}  ?vol?ti?n- 
 ??ti?}  ?vol?ti?n- 
from ??tus} [past participle of] ?volvere [to unroll] * see  evolve 
Դ ??tus}  [] ?volvereĹȥִ [̿չ] *μ evolve
?
evolutional  
evolutionary
AHD:[-sh-nr?] ݴʣ
evolutionarily
adv.ʣ

= =
evolve
e.volve
AHD:[1-v?lv] 
D.J.[!6vKlv]
K.K.[!6v$lv]
v.ʣ
e.volved,e.volv.ing,e.volves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To develop or achieve gradually:
ʹչ𽥷չɣ
evolve a style of one's own.
γԼķ
To work (something) out; devise:
ƣƶĳ£ƣ
the schemes he evolved to line his purse(S.J. Perelman)
ƶķǷǮķ(S.J.׶)
Biology To develop (a characteristic) by evolutionary processes.
ѧ ʹݻ̷ͨչһ
To give off; emit.
ɢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo gradual change; develop:
չ𽥵ı仯̣չ
an amateur acting group that evolved into a theatrical company.
һչΪϷ繫˾ҵݳ
Biology To develop or arise through evolutionary processes.
ѧ ̷ͨչ
?
Latin ?e [to unroll] 
 ?e [̿չ] ?- [ex-] ?- [] 
volvere [to roll] * see  wel- 2
volvere [] *μ wel- 2
?
evolvable
adj.ݴʣ
evolvement
n.ʣ

= =
exact
ex.act
AHD:[1g-z2kt] 
D.J.[!g6z#kt]
K.K.[!g6z#kt]
adj.ݴʣ
Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality:
׼ȷģȷеģϸȫذʵģʵƫģ
an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.
׼ȷʵıԭһģһĸƷ׼ȷô
Characterized by accurate measurements or inferences with small margins of error; not approximate:
ȷģܵģԾȷΪģֻмСǴԼģ
an exact figure; an exact science.
ȷ֣һܵѧ
Characterized by strict adherence to standards or rules:
ϸģģϸֱ׼ԭΪ
an exact speaker.
һϽݽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.act.ed,ex.act.ing,ex.acts 
To force the payment or yielding of; extort:
ȡǿȡòǿ
exact tribute from a conquered people.
һǿƷ
To demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority:
ǿͨƺͨȨҪã
a harsh leader who exacts obedience.See Synonyms at demand 
һǿȷӵ쵼߲μ demand
?
Latin ex3s [past participle of] exigere [to weigh out, demand] 
 ex3s  [] exigereĹȥִ [ƳҪ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ȫ] 
agere [to weigh] * see  ag- 
agere [] *μ ag- 
?
exactable
adj.ݴʣ
exactness
n.ʣ
exactor  
exacter
n.ʣ

= =
exactly
ex.act.ly
AHD:[1g-z2ktl?] 
D.J.[!g6z#ktli8]
K.K.[!g6z#ktli]
adv.ʣ
In an exact manner; accurately.
ȷأȷеأԾȷķʽ׼ȷ
In all respects; just:
ȫأȫȻ
Do exactly as you please.
ȫ˼ȥ
As you say. Used to indicate agreement.
ǡǡԡʾͬ

= =
exaggerate
ex.ag.ger.ate
AHD:[1g-z2j-r3t] 
D.J.[!g6z#d9*7re!t]
K.K.[!g6z#d9*7ret]
v.ʣ
ex.ag.ger.at.ed,ex.ag.ger.at.ing,ex.ag.ger.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate:
󣬿ţôʵ
exaggerate the size of the enemy force; exaggerated his own role in the episode.
˵˵ľһ¼е
To enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree:
ʹӵһĳ̶ȣ
thick lenses that exaggerated the size of her eyes.
Թʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make overstatements.
Թʵ
?
Latin exagger3e  exagger3t- [to heap up, magnify] 
 exagger3e  exagger3t- [] 
ex- [intensive pref.] * see  ex- 
ex- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ex-
agger3e [to pile up]  from agger [pile]  from aggerere [to bring to]  ad- [ad-]  gerere [to bring] 
agger3e []  Դ agger [ѻ]  Դ aggerere []  ad- [ӣ]  gerere [] 
?
exaggeratedly
adv.ʣ
exaggeration
n.ʣ
exaggerative  
exaggeratory
AHD:[--t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
exaggerator
n.ʣ
?
exaggerate,inflate,magnify,overstate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to represent something as being larger or greater than it actually is: 
Ще˼ǡĳñʵʵĸ󡱣 
exaggerated the size of the fish he had caught;
ĴС
inflated her own importance;
ԼҪԣ
magnifying his part in their success;
ǿǳɹеã
overstated their income on the mortgage application. minimize 
ڵѺпǵ minimize

= =
exam
ex.am
AHD:[1g-z2m] 
D.J.[!g6z#m]
K.K.[!g6z#m]
n.ʣ
An examination; a test.
ԣ

= =
examination
ex.am.i.na.tion
AHD:[1g-z2m-n3shn] 
D.J.[!g7z#m*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[!g7z#m*6ne.*n]
n.Abbr. ex.ʣд ex.
The act of examining or the state of being examined.
飺Ϊܼ״̬
A set of questions or exercises testing knowledge or skill.
ԣ⣺Ϊ֪ʶܶƵһϰ
A formal interrogation:
ʣѶʣʽʣ
examination of the witness.
Ŀߵ
?
examinational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
examine
ex.am.ine
AHD:[1g-z2m1n] 
D.J.[!g6z#m!n]
K.K.[!g6z#m!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.am.ined,ex.am.in.ing,ex.am.ines 
To observe carefully or critically; inspect:
飬飺ϸػ޵ع۲죻飺
examined the room for clues.
鷿Ѱ
To study or analyze:
о
examine a tissue sample under a microscope; examine the structure of a novel; examine one's own motives.
΢о֯ϸƷһС˵ĽṹԼĶ
To test or check the condition or health of:
죺۲顭״򽡿
examine a patient.
컼
To determine the qualifications, aptitude, or skills of by means of questions or exercises.
ԣ飺ͨѯʻϰķʽⶨʸ񡢲ܻ
To question formally, as to elicit facts or information; interrogate:
ʣѶʣΪ̽ѰʵϢеʽʣʣ
examine a witness under oath.See Synonyms at ask 
Ѷĵ֤˲μ ask
?
Middle English examinen 
йӢ examinen 
from Old French examiner 
Դ ŷ examiner 
from Latin ex33re} 
Դ  ex33re} 
from ex3n [a weighing out] 
Դ ex3n [] 
from exigere [to weigh out] * see  exact 
Դ exigere [] *μ exact
?
examinable
adj.ݴʣ
examiner
n.ʣ
?
A student who is being examined might prefer at times to deal with a swarm of bees rather than be weighed in the balance once again.The history of the wordexamine  involves both 
phenomena.  Examine,   first recorded in English in a work composed before 1338,goes back to the Latin wordex33re,}  which in turn is derived fromex3,  meaning both a swarm of 
bees and the apparatus or process of weighing, balance. Ex3n  has these senses because it is formed from the prefixex-,  out of, and the root .ag-,  to drive, force. The 
semantic possibilities of this combination are shown by the senses of the related verbexigere,  which meant to drive out, to exact payment, to demand, and to inquire 
after or into.The verbex33re}  derived from ex3n  has the sense to swarm as well as the senses to weigh, balance, and to consider critically.
һڿԵѧʱԸȥԸһȺ۷ҲԸһβμӿԡexamine ʵʷ漰  Examine  Ӣļ¼ǳ1338ǰһУ
ݵеexaminare  Դexamen  ˼Ⱥƽĳװá Examen  ЩΪǰ׺ex- Ϊʹ
 ag- Ϊʹǿȡɵġ ϰļֿܱضexigere  ĺСϳҪ֧Ҫ͡ʺ顱
examinare Դ examen СƼ˼ ͬʱҲСƽ⡱͡ëõؿǡȺ

= =
example
ex.am.ple
AHD:[1g-z2mpl] 
D.J.[!g6z#mp*l]
K.K.[!g6z#mp*l]
n.Abbr. ex.ʣд ex.
One that is representative of a group as a whole:
ʵΪһĴ
the squirrel, an example of a rodent; introduced each new word with examples of its use.
දĴÿһʵ÷
One serving as a pattern of a specific kind:
Ϊضĵ䷶
set a good example by arriving on time.
ʱһð
A similar case that constitutes a model or precedent:
ģ򿪴ӣ
a unique episode, without example in maritime history.
ںʷûĶ¼
A punishment given as a warning or deterrent.
䣬棺Ϊֹĳͷ
One that has been given such a punishment:
ͷߣܹͷˣ
made an example of the offender.
淸
A problem or exercise used to illustrate a principle or method.
֤˵һԭ򷽷һϰ
?
for example
As an illustrative instance:
˵ʱõӣ
Wear something simple; for example, a skirt and blouse.
򵥵·˵һȹӺһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French example, essaumple 
Դ ŷ example, essaumple 
from Latin exemplum 
Դ  exemplum 
from eximere [to take out] 
Դ eximere [] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰġ] 
emere [to take] * see  em- 
emere [] *μ em- 
?
example,instance,case,illustration,sample,specimen
Each of these nouns refers to what is representative of or serves to explain a larger group or class.Anexample  represents, usually typically, something of which it is a part and thereby 
demonstrates the character of the whole:  
ÿһʶָǴһһexample ͨܵ͵رʾĳһֲɴ˿Աʾص㣺  
Of the despotism to which unrestrained military power leads we have plenty of examples (Samuel Eliot Morison).Aninstance  is an example that is cited to prove or invalidate a 
contention or to illustrate a point:  
 ܿƵľרӡ ѶءĪɭinstance ָ֤۵㡢ʹ۵Ч۵һ  
an instance of flagrant corruption. Acase  is an action, an occurrence, or a condition that constitutes a specific instance of something being discussed, decided, or treated:  
һظʵ case ָһֹڱۡⷶΪ̻״̬  
a typical case of child neglect;
һ͵Ķͯӣ
very few cases of diphtheria. Anillustration  is an example that clarifies or explains:  
Ϊİ׺Ĳ illustration ָĳµӣ  
provided an illustration of the word in context;
иʵ֤
gave an illustration of her courage. Asample  is an actual part of something larger, presented as evidence of the quality or nature of the whole:  
һ¸ҵӡ sample ָĿɴʵһ֣  
distributing samples of a new detergent;
ϴӼƷ
gave us a sample of her temper.
ƢΡ
Specimen  is sometimes synonymous withsample,  but it often denotes an individual, representative member of a group or class: 
Specimen  ʱͬsample  ָһһидԵĳԱ 
This poem is a fair specimen of his work. See also Synonyms at  ideal 
ʫеĽܳ μͬ ideal

= =
exceed
ex.ceed
AHD:[1k-s?d] 
D.J.[!k6si8d]
K.K.[!k6sid]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.ceed.ed,ex.ceed.ing,ex.ceeds 
To be greater than; surpass.
ȡã
To go beyond the limits of:
ԽĽޣ
exceeded their authority.See Synonyms at excel 
ԽǵȨμ excel
?
Middle English exceden 
йӢ exceden 
from Old French exceder 
Դ ŷ exceder 
from Latin exc?e 
Դ  exc?e 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
c?e [to go] * see  ked- 
c?e [ȥ] *μ ked- 

= =
exceedingly
ex.ceed.ing.ly
AHD:[1k-s?d1ng-l?] 
D.J.[!k6si8d!0li8]
K.K.[!k6sid!0li]
adv.ʣ
To an advanced or unusual degree; extremely.
ǳﵽܸߵĻƽĳ̶ȣȵ

= =
excellent
ex.cel.lent
AHD:[ks-lnt] 
D.J.[6eks*l*nt]
K.K.[6Wks*l*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. exc.Of the highest or finest quality; exceptionally good of its kind.
д exc.ģ߻ʵģͬ쳣õ
Archaic Superior.
 ׿Խ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin excell?s  excellent- [present participle of] excellere [to excel] * see  excel 
Դ  excell?s  excellent-  [] excellereڷִ [] *μ excel
?
excellently
adv.ʣ

= =
except
ex.cept
AHD:[1k-spt] 
D.J.[!k6sept]
K.K.[!k6sWpt]
prep.Abbr. ex.,exc.ʣд ex.,exc.
With the exclusion of; other than; but:
֮⣻⣻֮⣺
everyone except me.
֮
conj.Ӵʣ
If it were not for the fact that; only:
ǣ֮⣺
I would buy the suit, except that it costs too much.
ۼ̫ߵĻұǼ·
Otherwise than:
⣺
They didn't open their mouths except to complain.
˱ԹǴӲ
Unless.

v.ʣ
ex.cept.ed,ex.cept.ing,ex.cepts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To leave out; exclude:
ų
An admission fee is charged, but children are excepted.
볡ѣͯ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To object:
ԣ
Counsel excepted to the court's ruling.
ʦԷԺĲþ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin exceptus [past participle of] excipere [to exclude] 
Դ  exceptus  [] excipereĹȥִ [] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ⡱] 
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 
?
Except in the sense of with the exclusion of or other than is generally construed as a preposition, not a conjunction.A personal pronoun that followsexcept  is therefore in the 
objective case:  
Except С֮⡱򡰳ˡ˼ʱ ͨʶʡ˳ƴexcept ֮ʱͨñ  
No one except me knew it.
֮û֪
Every member of the original cast was signed except her. 
֮ԭԱǩԼӶġ 

= =
exception
ex.cep.tion
AHD:[1k-spshn] 
D.J.[!k6sep.*n]
K.K.[!k6sWp.*n]
n.Abbr. ex.,exc.ʣд ex.,exc.
The act of excepting or the condition of being excepted; exclusion.
⣺ųжų״̬ų
One that is excepted, especially a case that does not conform to a rule or generalization.
⣺ųģָϳձԭ
An objection or a criticism:
ԣ
opinions that are open to exception.
ӭĹ۵
Law A formal objection taken in the course of an action or a proceeding.
ɡ 飬ԣжвõʽķ

= =
exceptional
ex.cep.tion.al
AHD:[1k-spsh-nl] 
D.J.[!k6sep.*n*l]
K.K.[!k6sWp.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being an exception; uncommon.
ģ쳣ģγģѰ
Well above average; extraordinary:
ܳģǷģƽܶģǷģ
an exceptional memory.See Usage Note at exceptionable 
Ƿļμ exceptionable
Deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental ability:
ģܲͬһģ棺
special educational provisions for exceptional children.
Ϊͯеֽ
?
exceptionality  
exceptionalness
n.ʣ
exceptionally
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ

= =
excess
ex.cess
AHD:[1k-ss, kss] 
D.J.[!k6ses, 6ek7ses]
K.K.[!k6sWs, 6Wk7sWs]
n.ʣ
The state of exceeding what is normal or sufficient:
Խ㹻״̬
rains that filled the reservoirs to excess.
ʹˮˮˮ
An amount or quantity beyond what is normal or sufficient; a surplus.
ӯ
The amount or degree by which one quantity exceeds another:
һĿһĿ̶ȣ
Profit is the excess of sales over costs.
Ǽ۸񳬳ɱĲ
Intemperance; overindulgence:
޽ƣΪ
drank to excess.

A behavior or an action that exceeds proper or lawful bounds:
ֵΪУֹΪĻɵĽޣ
tried to avoid engaging in emotional excesses such as hysteria and fits of temper.
Ъ˹ĸ嶯
adj.ݴʣ
Being more than is usual, required, or permitted:
ģģͨġĻ޶ȣ
skimming off the excess fat.See Synonyms at superfluous 
Ʋȥ֬μ superfluous
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.cessed,ex.cess.ing,ex.cess.es 
To eliminate the job or position of.
ԡݲƸΣȥְ
?
in excess of
Greater than; more than:
ڣڣ
unit sales in excess of 20 million.
Ʊۼ۳ǧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin excessus [past participle of] exc?dere [to exceed] * see  exceed 
Դ  excessus  [] exc?dereĹȥִ [] *μ exceed

= =
excessive
ex.ces.sive
AHD:[1k-ss1v] 
D.J.[!k6ses!v]
K.K.[!k6sWs!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit.
ģġͨġĻ޵
?
excessively
adv.ʣ
excessiveness
n.ʣ
?
excessive,exorbitant,extravagant,immoderate,inordinate,extreme,unreasonable
These adjectives mean exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit.
Щݴ˼ǳġƽġĻơ
 Excessive   describes a quantity, an amount, or a degree that is more than what is justifiable, tolerable, or desirable: 
 Excessive  ̶ȳġܵĻҪ޶ȣ 
excessive speed;
٣
excessive drinking.
ơ
Exorbitant   usually refers to a quantity or degree that far exceeds what is customary or fair: 
Exorbitant  ̶ָͨԶϰϵĻ޶ȣ 
exorbitant interest rates;
ߵʣ
an exorbitant price.
ߵļ۸
Extravagant   sometimes specifies excessive or unwise expenditure of money ( 
Extravagant  ʱֻ򲻺ؽǮѣ 
extravagant gifts); often it implies unbridled divergence from the bounds of reason or sound judgment ( 
ݳ޵ ָԶĽޣ 
extravagant claims;
ֵҪ
extravagant praise). 
ֵ 
 Immoderate   denotes lack of due moderation: 
 Immoderate  ָȱʶȵĽƣ 
immoderate expenses;
޽ƵĻѣ
immoderate enthusiasm.
˵Ȱ
Inordinate   implies an overstepping of bounds imposed by authority or dictated by good sense: 
Inordinate  ָԽ˳ںȨĽޣ 
inordinate vanity;
٣
inordinate demands.
ֵ
Extreme   suggests the utmost degree of excessiveness: 
Extreme  ˼ǳ޶ȵģ 
extreme joy;
ȸˣ
extreme danger;
Σգ
extreme opinions.
ƫĹ۵㡣
Unreasonable   applies to what exceeds reasonable limits: 
Unreasonable  ָ˺޶ȣ 
charged an unreasonable rent;
ȡ
made an unreasonable request. 
Ҫ 

= =
exchange
ex.change
AHD:[1ks-ch3nj] 
D.J.[!ks6t.e!nd9]
K.K.[!ks6t.end9]
v.ʣ
ex.changed,ex.chang.ing,ex.chang.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give in return for something received; trade:
ףΪյĳĻرóף
exchange dollars for francs; exchanging labor for room and board.
𻻳ɷɣ
To give and receive reciprocally; interchange:
໥ͽգ
exchange gifts; exchange ideas.

To give up for a substitute:
д
exchange a position in the private sector for a post in government.
Ϊıְ˽˹˾ְλ
To turn in for replacement:
˻Ϊõ滻Ͻ
exchange defective merchandise at a store.
̵˻覴Ʒ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give something in return for something received; make an exchange.
Ϊȡĳĳ
To be received in exchange:
һͨã
At that time the British pound exchanged for $2.80.
ʱһӢԶһ2.80Ԫ
n.Abbr. exch.,ex.ʣд exch.,ex.
The act or an instance of exchanging:
Ϊ
a prisoner exchange; an exchange of greetings.
ˣʺ
One that is exchanged.

A place where things are exchanged, especially a center where securities or commodities are bought and sold:
ʵĵطرծȯƷģ
a stock exchange.
֤ȯ
A telephone exchange.
绰֣绰̨
A system of payments using instruments, such as negotiable drafts, instead of money.
㻻ߣɶһƱֽһֶ֧
The fee or percentage charged for participating in such a system of payment.
㻻ƶȣĽҪѻӶ
A bill of exchange.
Ʊ
A rate of exchange.

The amount of difference in the actual value of two or more currencies or between values of the same currency at two or more places.
һʵĲ죺ֱֵֻ֮ۻͬһֱֵػصļֵ
?
Middle English eschaungen 
йӢ eschaungen 
from Anglo-Norman eschaungier 
Դ Ӣ eschaungier 
from Vulgar Latin *excambi3e 
Դ  *excambi3e 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺] 
Late Latin camboe [to exchange, barter] * see  change 
 camboe [׻ó] *μ change
?
exchangeable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
excite
ex.cite
AHD:[1k-sot] 
D.J.[!k6sa!t]
K.K.[!k6sa!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.cit.ed,ex.cit.ing,ex.cites 
To stir to activity.
ʹ˷
To call forth (a reaction or emotion, for example); elicit:
ʹ磬Ӧ飩£
odd noises that excited our curiosity.
Źֵǵĺ
To arouse strong feeling in:
ʹ飺
speakers who know how to excite a crowd.See Synonyms at provoke 
֪Ⱥݽ߲μ provoke
Physiology To produce increased activity or response in (an organ, a tissue, or a part); stimulate.
ѧ ̼̼ߣ١֯һ֣Ļ̼
Physics 
ѧ 
To increase the energy of.
ʹ
To raise (an atom, for example) to a higher energy level.
ԭӺˣߵߵһܼ
?
Middle English exciten 
йӢ exciten 
from Latin excit3e [frequentative of] exci?re 
Դ  excit3e  [] exci?reظ 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
ci?e [to set in motion] * see  kei- 2
ci?e [ʹʼ] *μ kei- 2

= =
exciting
ex.cit.ing
AHD:[1k-sot1ng] 
D.J.[!k6sa!t!0]
K.K.[!k6sa!t!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Creating or producing excitement:
˷ܵģ˷ܵĻ˷ܵģ
an exciting adventure story.
һ˷ܵðչ
?
excitingly
adv.ʣ

= =
exclaim
ex.claim
AHD:[1k-skl3m] 
D.J.[!k6skle!m]
K.K.[!k6sklem]
v.ʣ
ex.claimed,ex.claim.ing,ex.claims 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or emotion:
Уھ򼤶ͻȻǿҵغУ
The children exclaimed with excitement.
Ǽغ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express or utter (something) suddenly or vehemently:
˵ͻȻǿҵر˵ı£
exclaimed her surprise.
ĺ
?
French exclamer 
 exclamer 
from Latin excl33re} 
Դ  excl33re} 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
cl33re} [to call] * see  kel- 2
cl33re} [] *μ kel- 2
?
exclaimer
n.ʣ

= =
exclude
ex.clude
AHD:[1k-skl?d] 
D.J.[!k6sklu8d]
K.K.[!k6sklud]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.clud.ed,ex.clud.ing,ex.cludes 
To prevent from entering; keep out; bar:
ֹ룻ڣų⣺
a jar sealed to exclude outside air; an immigration policy that excludes undesirables.
Ϊֹⲿܷõ̳ӣֹܻӭ˽
To prevent from being included, considered, or accepted; reject:
ųֹ䱻ǻܣܾ
The court excluded the improperly obtained evidence.
Ժܷõ֤
To put out; expel.

?
Middle English excluden 
йӢ excluden 
from Latin excl?e 
Դ  excl?e 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
claudere [to shut] 
claudere [ر] 
?
excludability
n.ʣ
excludable  
excludible
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
excluder
n.ʣ

= =
exclusive
ex.clu.sive
AHD:[1k-skl?s1v] 
D.J.[!k6sklu8s!v]
K.K.[!k6sklus!v]
adj.Abbr. excl.ݴʣд excl.
Excluding or tending to exclude:
ģųųģ
exclusive barriers.
ϰ
Not divided or shared with others:
ģ˷ģ
exclusive publishing rights.
ҰȨ
Not accompanied by others; single or sole:
ģΨһģҪģĻΨһģ
your exclusive function.
Ψһ
Complete; undivided:
ģɢģ
gained their exclusive attention.
ǵȫע
Excluding some or most, as from membership or participation:
ϵģģųһЩ˻󲿷ˣڻԱʸ棺
an exclusive club.
ϸľֲ
Catering to a wealthy clientele; expensive:
߼ģݻģֻʺϸԣ˿͵ģģ
exclusive shops.
ӪߵƷ̵
n.ʣ
A news item initially released to only one publication or broadcaster.
ţֻһҳ̨¶
An exclusive right or privilege, as to market a product.
רȨһеȨȨһֲƷ
?
exclusively
adv.ʣ
exclusiveness  
exclusivity
AHD:[kskl?-s1v1-t?] ʣ

= =
excursion
ex.cur.sion
AHD:[1k-sk?rzhn] 
D.J.[!k6skT89*n]
K.K.[!k6skP9*n]
n.ʣ
A usually short journey made for pleasure; an outing.
Զ㣺ΪѰȤĶ;УԶ
A roundtrip on a passenger vehicle at a special low fare.
ŻУ۽ͨߵ
A group taking a short pleasure trip together.
ԶӣţһĶе
A diversion or deviation from a main topic; a digression.
ƫ⣺ƫ뿪
Physics 
ѧ 
A movement from and back to a mean position or axis in an oscillating or alternating motion.
ƶмλû񵴻ε˶
The distance traversed in such a movement.
г̣˶ľ
?
Latin excursi?}  excursi?n- 
 excursi?}  excursi?n- 
from excursus [past participle of] excurrere [to run out] 
Դ excursus  [] excurrereĹȥִ [ƫת] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
currere [to run] * see  kers- 
currere [] *μ kers- 

= =
excuse
ex.cuse
AHD:[1k-sky?z] 
D.J.[!k6skju8z]
K.K.[!k6skjuz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.cused,ex.cus.ing,ex.cus.es 
To explain (a fault or an offense) in the hope of being forgiven or understood:
⣬дʣϣԭ»ͣʧð
He arrived late and excused his tardiness in a flimsy manner.
ˣһԱĽĳٵ
To seek to remove the blame from:
Ҫԭ£ͼڱ𱸣
She excused herself for being late.
Ϊĳٵ
To grant pardon to; forgive:
ˡԭ£
We quickly excused the latecomer.
Ǻܿԭ˳ٵ
To make allowance for; overlook:
ɣݣ
Readers must excuse the author's youth and inexperience.See Synonyms at forgive 
߱ˡߵȱμ forgive
To serve as justification for:
֤Ϊģ
Brilliance does not excuse bad manners.
ŻܳΪΪ
To free, as from an obligation or duty; exempt:
Σʹλ
In my state, physicians and lawyers are excused from jury duty.
ҿҽʦӦŵ
To give permission to leave; release:
׼뿪ſ
The child ate quickly and asked to be excused.
ǺӳԵúܿ첢׼뿪
n.ʣ
AHD:[1k-sky?s] 
An explanation offered to justify or obtain forgiveness.
ɣڣΪṩɻΪ½Ľ
A reason or grounds for excusing:
ѵԭݣ
Ignorance is no excuse for breaking the law.
֪ܳΪΥɵ
The act of excusing.
绤Ϊ
A note explaining an absence.
ȱϯ
Informal An inferior example:
ʽ ׾Ʒ
a poor excuse for a poet; a sorry excuse for a car.
׾ӵʫ
?
Middle English excusen 
йӢ excusen 
from Old French excuser 
Դ ŷ excuser 
from Latin exc?3re} 
Դ  exc?3re} 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
causa [accusation] * see  cause 
causa [ָ] *μ cause
?
excusable
adj.ݴʣ
excusableness
n.ʣ
excusably
adv.ʣ
excuser
n.ʣ

= =
execute
ex.e.cute
AHD:[ks1-ky?t] 
D.J.[6eks!7kju8t]
K.K.[6Wks!7kjut]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.e.cut.ed,ex.e.cut.ing,ex.e.cutes 
To put into effect; carry out:
ִУʵУ
a government that executes the decisions of the ruling party.
ִִľ
To perform; do:
ʵУ
execute a U-turn.See Synonyms at perform 
Uתμ perform
To create (a work of art, for example) in accordance with a prescribed design.
ɣƳɣͼһƷȣ
To make valid, as by signing:
ǩʹЧͨǩʹЧ
execute a deed.
ǩʹԼЧ
To perform or carry out what is required by:
Уִлʵ
execute the terms of a will.
ִ
To put to death, especially by carrying out a lawful sentence.
ִָзо
Computer Science To run (a program or an instruction).
ѧ ִУУִУ
?
Middle English executen 
йӢ executen 
from Old French executer 
Դ ŷ executer 
from Medieval Latin exec?3re} 
Դ  exec?3re} 
from Latin exec?r [executor] 
Դ  exec?r [ִ] 
from exec?s [past participle of] exequo, exsequo 
Դ exec?s  [] exequo, exsequoĹȥִ 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
sequo} [to follow] * see  sek w- 1
sequo} [] *μ sek w- 1
?
executable
adj.ݴʣ
executer
n.ʣ

= =
execution
ex.e.cu.tion
AHD:[ks1-ky?shn] 
D.J.[7eks!6kju8.*n]
K.K.[7Wks!6kju.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of executing something.
ִУɣִлɵΪ
The state of being executed.
ִУִе״̬
The manner, style, or result of performance:
ɣִַеķʽ
The plan was sound; its execution, faulty.
ƻģĽǴ
The act or an instance of putting to death or being put to death as a lawful penalty.
ΪϷ̷дд̵Ϊ
Law 
ɡ 
The carrying into effect of a court judgment.
ִоִзͥо
A writ empowering an officer to enforce a judgment.
ִԱִо״
Validation of a legal document by the performance of all necessary formalities.
ʹЧִͨиֱҪʹļЧ
Archaic Effective, punitive, or destructive action.
 ЧΪЧġͷĻƻԵΪ

= =
executive
ex.ec.u.tive
AHD:[1g-zky-t1v] 
D.J.[!g6zekj*t!v]
K.K.[!g6zWkj*t!v]
n.Abbr. ex.ʣд ex.
A person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization.
ִߣĳһ֯ھйȨ˻
The chief officer of a government, state, or political division.
ԱݻŵҪԱ
The branch of government charged with putting into effect a country's laws and the administering of its functions.
ţиʹҵķЧִ书ܵĲ
Computer Science A set of coded instructions designed to process and control other coded instructions.
ѧ ִָִгΪͿָƵһױָ
adj.Abbr. ex.ݴʣд ex.
Of, relating to, capable of, or suited for carrying out or executing:
ִеģʵеģСڡʺִлʵеģ
an advisory body lacking executive powers.
ȱִȨ
Having, characterized by, or relating to administrative or managerial authority:
ģӪȨģлڹӪȨģ
the executive director of a drama troupe; executive experience and skills.
ϷŵִеݣӪľͼ
Of or relating to the branch of government charged with the execution and administration of the nation's laws.
ŵģڻܹҷɵִк͹ŵ
?
Middle English [to be carried out] 
йӢ [ִ] 
from Old French excutif 
Դ ŷ excutif 
from executer [to carry out] * see  execute 
Դ executer [ʵ] *μ execute

= =
exemplify
ex.em.pli.fy
AHD:[1g-zmpl-fo] 
D.J.[!g6zempl*7fa!]
K.K.[!g6zWmpl*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.em.pli.fied,ex.em.pli.fy.ing,ex.em.pli.fies 
To illustrate by example:
˵
exemplify an argument.
ṩ۵
To serve as an example of:
Ϊӣ
scenes that exemplify the film director's style.
ӰƬݵķ
Law To make a certified copy of (a document).
ɡ ƶܱƶй֤ܱ
?
Middle English exemplifien 
йӢ exemplifien 
from Old French exemplifier 
Դ ŷ exemplifier 
from Medieval Latin exemplific3e 
Դ  exemplific3e 
Latin exemplum [example] * see  example 
 exemplum [] *μ example
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹɡ] 
?
exemplifiable
adj.ݴʣ
exemplifier
n.ʣ

= =
exempt
ex.empt
AHD:[1g-zmpt] 
D.J.[!g6zempt]
K.K.[!g6zWmpt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.empt.ed,ex.empt.ing,ex.empts 
To free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which others are subject:
⣺Ӧλ
exempting the disabled from military service.
м˵ı
Obsolete To set apart; isolate.
 ѡֿʹ
adj.ݴʣ
Freed from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which others are subject; excused:
ģеλģ֧ģ
persons exempt from jury duty; income exempt from taxation; a beauty somehow exempt from the aging process.
ȥˣ˰룻֮
Obsolete Set apart; isolated.
 ѡֿʹ
n.ʣ
One who is exempted from an obligation, a duty, or a liability.
ߣΡ
?
Middle English exempten 
йӢ exempten 
from Old French exempter 
Դ ŷ exempter 
from exempt [exempt] 
Դ exempt [] 
from Latin exemptus [past participle of] eximere [to take out] * see  example 
Դ  exemptus  [] eximereĹȥִ [ó] *μ example
?
exemptible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
exercise
ex.er.cise
AHD:[ksr-soz] 
D.J.[6eks*7sa!z]
K.K.[6Wks+7sa!z]
n.ʣ
An act of employing or putting into play; use:
ãӦûõΪʹã
the free exercise of intellect; the exercise of an option.
ãȨ
The discharge of a duty, function, or office.
ְλְ
Activity that requires physical or mental exertion, especially when performed to develop or maintain fitness:
壺Ϊչ򱣳彡ȡǻ˶
took an hour of vigorous daily exercise at a gym.
ڽһСʱճ
A task, problem, or other effort performed to develop or maintain fitness or increase skill:
ϰΪ߻򱣳彡ǿɶɵŬ
a piano exercise; a memory exercise.
ϰϰ
exercises A program that includes speeches, presentations, and other ceremonial activities performed before an audience:
 exercises ʽڹǰݵİݡʽԻһ׳
graduation exercises.
ҵ
v.ʣ
ex.er.cised,ex.er.cis.ing,ex.er.cis.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into play or operation; employ:
ʹãã
Proceed, but exercise caution.
ǰҪС
To bring to bear; exert:
ԡʩӣӣ
The desire to be re-elected exercises a strong brake on independent courage(John F. Kennedy)
ѡٵҪ˼谭(ԼF.)
To subject to practice or exertion in order to train, strengthen, or develop:
Ϊѵǿ߶ʵã
exercise the back muscles; exercise the memory.
⣻ѵ
To put through exercises:
ѵ
exercise a platoon.See Synonyms at practice 
ѵһŲμ practice
To carry out the functions of; execute:
ִУʵ֡ĹܣִУ
exercise the role of disciplinarian.
䵱ѵߵĽɫ
To absorb the attentions of, especially by worry or anxiety.
ǣעرΪպͽ
To stir to anger or alarm; upset:
ŭʹŭ򾯾ʹ
an injustice that exercised the whole community.
һΪķŭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take exercise.
ж
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French exercice 
Դ ŷ exercice 
from Latin exercitium 
Դ  exercitium 
from exercitus [past participle of] exerc?re [to exercise] 
Դ exercitus  [] exerc?reĹȥִ [ϰ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰģǰεġ] 
arc?e [to restrain] 
arc?e [] 
?
exercisable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
exert
ex.ert
AHD:[1g-z?rt] 
D.J.[!g6zT8t]
K.K.[!g6zPt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.ert.ed,ex.ert.ing,ex.erts 
To put to use or effect; put forth:
ãʹӦûЧ
exerted all my strength to move the box.
ʹȫȥ
To bring to bear; exercise:
ԡʩӣã
exert influence.
ʩӰ
To put (oneself) to strenuous effort:
ʹԼж
exerted ourselves mightily during the campaign to raise funds.
ļ˶ж
?
Latin exserere  exsert- [to put forth, stretch out] 
 exserere  exsert- [ֱ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
serere [to join] * see  ser- 2
serere [] *μ ser- 2

= =
exhaust
ex.haust
AHD:[1g-z?st] 
D.J.[!g6z%8st]
K.K.[!g6z%st]
v.ʣ
ex.haust.ed,ex.haust.ing,ex.hausts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wear out completely.See Synonyms at tire 1
׺ľμ tire1
To drain of resources or properties; deplete:
꣬ľԴʹߣ
tobacco crops that exhausted the soil.See Synonyms at deplete 
̲ݲμ deplete
To use up completely:
þ꣺
exhausted our funds before the month was out.
µ֮ǰþǵĻ
To treat completely; cover thoroughly:
ۣ꾡
exhaust a topic.
һ
To draw out the contents of; drain:
ſգ龡ŵų
exhaust a tank gradually.

To let out or draw off:
ѡջſգ
exhaust vaporous wastes through a pipe.
ͨܵѷſ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To escape or pass out:
ͨ
Steam exhausts through this valve.
ͨ
n.ʣ
The escape or release of vaporous waste material, as from an engine.
ųųݳ
The fumes or gases so released.
ųģų̻
A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted.
ŷŹܣﱻųʱĹܵ
An apparatus for drawing out noxious air or waste material by means of a partial vacuum.
װãͨյķʽųкװ
?
Latin exhauroe  exhaust- 
 exhauroe  exhaust- 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
hauroe [to draw] 
hauroe [ȡ] 
?
exhaustedly
adv.ʣ
exhauster
n.ʣ
exhaustibility
n.ʣ
exhaustible
adj.ݴʣ
exhaustingly
adv.ʣ

= =
exhibit
ex.hib.it
AHD:[1g-z1b1t, g-] 
D.J.[!g6z!b!t, eg-]
K.K.[!g6z!b!t, Wg-]
v.ʣ
ex.hib.it.ed,ex.hib.it.ing,ex.hib.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To show outwardly; display:
֣չ֣
exhibited pleasure by smiling.
΢Цʾ
To present for others to see:
ָ֣˿
rolled up his sleeve to exhibit the scar.
ʾ¶˰
To present in a public exhibition or contest:
չڹľչչ
exhibited her paintings at a gallery.See Synonyms at show 
ڻչƷμ show
To give evidence or an instance of; demonstrate:
֤ó֤ݻ֤ʾ
young musicians eager to exhibit their talent; a plant that exhibits dimorphism.
ּҼ֤ǵĲܣֲʾֶͬ
Law 
ɡ 
To submit (evidence or documents) in a court.
ڷͥύ֤ݻļ
To present or introduce officially.
ʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put something on public display.
չĳ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of exhibiting.
չУչΪ
Something exhibited:
չ
studied the dinosaur exhibits at the museum.
оչĿ
A public showing; an exhibition:
չʾչ᣺
spent the afternoon at the space exhibit.
һʱ俴̫չ
Law Something, such as a document, formally introduced as evidence in court.
ɡ ֤ݣڷͥļȿΪ֤ݵĶ
?
Middle English exhibiten 
йӢ exhibiten 
from Latin exhib?e  exhibit- 
Դ  exhib?e  exhibit- 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ ǰ׺ǰεģǰġ] 
hab?e [to hold] * see  ghabh- 
hab?e [] *μ ghabh- 
?
exhibitor  
exhibiter
n.ʣ
exhibitory
AHD:[-1-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
exhibition
ex.hi.bi.tion
AHD:[ks-b1shn] 
D.J.[7eks*6b!.*n]
K.K.[7Wks*6b!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of exhibiting.
չչΪ
Something exhibited; an exhibit.
չƷչʾ
A large-scale public showing, as of art objects or industrial or agricultural products.
᣺ƷũҵɹĴ͹չʾ
Chiefly British A grant given to a scholar by a school or university.
Ӣ ѧ𣺴ѧѧУѧѧ

= =
exile
ex.ile
AHD:[gzol, ksol] 
D.J.[6eg7za!l, 6ek7sa!l]
K.K.[6Wg7za!l, 6Wk7sa!l]
n.ʣ
Enforced removal from one's native country.
ţǿ뿪ԼĹ
Self-imposed absence from one's country.
ţԸ뿪
The condition or a period of living away from one's native country.
ڼ䣺 Լ֮ʱ
One who lives away from one's native country, whether because of expulsion or voluntary absence.
ߣΪԸסԼ֮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.iled,ex.il.ing,ex.iles 
To send into exile; banish.See Synonyms at banish 
ţѡμ banish
?
Middle English exil 
йӢ exil 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin exilium 
Դ  exilium 
from exul, exsul [exiled person, wanderer] 
Դ exul, exsul [ŵˣ] 
?
exilic
AHD:[1g-z1l1k, 1k-s1l-]   ex.ilian [1g-z1lyn, -z1l?-n, 1k-s1lyn, -s1l?-n] ݴʣ

= =
exist
ex.ist
AHD:[1g-z1st] 
D.J.[!g6z!st]
K.K.[!g6z!st]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ex.ist.ed,ex.ist.ing,ex.ists 
To have actual being; be real.
ʵʴڣʵ
To have life; live.See Synonyms at be 
μ be
To live at a minimal level; subsist:
ά ڼ͵ˮƽά
barely enough income on which to exist.
ڵ
To continue to be; persist:
ڣִڣ
old customs that still exist in rural areas.
ũɵķȻ
To be present under certain circumstances or in a specified place; occur:
ڣһ״һصڣڣ
Wealth and poverty exist in every demographic category(Thomas G. Exter)
ԣƶ˿ͳƷС(˹G.˹)
?
Latin existere, exsistere [to come forth, be manifest] 
 existere, exsistere [Գ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
sistere [to stand] * see  st3- 
sistere [λ] *μ st3- 

= =
existence
ex.is.tence
AHD:[1g-z1stns] 
D.J.[!g6z!st*ns]
K.K.[!g6z!st*ns]
n.ʣ
The fact or state of existing; being.
ڣڵΪ״̬
The fact or state of continued being; life:
棺Ϊ״̬
our brief existence on earth.
ڵ϶ݵ
All that exists:

sang the beauty of all existence.

A thing that exists; an entity.
ʵ
A mode or manner of existing:
ڷʽ
scratched out a meager existence.
ƶʽ
Specific presence; occurrence:
Ĵڣ
The Geiger counter indicated the existence of radioactivity.
ǸָʾԵĴ
?
existence,actuality,being
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the fact or state of existing: 
Щʹе˼ǡڵʵ״̬ 
laws in existence for centuries;
ɴ˼ͣ
a fantasy that progressed from possibility to actuality;
ɿݻΪʵԣ
a point of view gradually coming into being. nonexistence 
۵γ nonexistence

= =
exit
ex.it
AHD:[gz1t, ks1t] 
D.J.[6egz!t, 6eks!t]
K.K.[6Wgz!t, 6Wks!t]
n.ʣ
The act of going away or out.
ȥȥΪ
A passage or way out:
ڣȥ·ͨ
an emergency exit in a theater; took the second exit on the throughway.
ԺĽڣ߸ٹ·ĵڶ
The departure of a performer from the stage.
˳ Ա˳
Death.

Computer Science A computer programming technique for ending a repeated cycle of operations.
ѧ ˳ڣ̼еظѭ
v.ʣ
ex.it.ed,ex.it.ing,ex.its 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make one's exit; depart.
ʹȥ뿪
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go out of; leave:
߳뿪
exited the plane through a rear door.
Ӻ·ɻ
NONE޴ԣ
Used as a stage direction for a specified actor to leave the stage.
˳Ϊһɫ˳̨̨˵
?
From Latin [third person sing. of] exore [to go out] 
Դ   [] exoreĵ˳Ƶ [߳] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [] *μ ei- 
N., sense 2 
2 
from Latin exitus [from past participle of] exore [to go out] 
Դ  exitus  [] ԴexoreĹȥִ [߳] 

= =
exotic
ex.ot.ic
AHD:[1g-z?t1k] 
D.J.[!g6zKt!k]
K.K.[!g6z$t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
From another part of the world; foreign:
ģһģģ
exotic tropical plants in a greenhouse.See Synonyms at foreign 
ȴֲμ foreign
Intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange:
Ѱģģ
exotic costumes from the Far East.See Synonyms at fantastic 
ͬԶͬβμ fantastic
Of or involving striptease:
ģ
an exotic dancer.
Ů
n.ʣ
One that is exotic.
˻
A striptease performer.

?
Latin ex?s 
 ex?s 
from Greek ex?s 
Դ ϣ ex?s 
from ex?} [outside] 
Դ ex?} [ⲿ] 
from ex [out] * see  eghs 
Դ ex [] *μ eghs 
?
exotically
adv.ʣ
exoticness
n.ʣ

= =
expand
ex.pand
AHD:[1k-sp2nd] 
D.J.[!k6sp#nd]
K.K.[!k6sp#nd]
v.ʣ
ex.pand.ed,ex.pand.ing,ex.pands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge:
ӳߴ硢Χ
expanded her store by adding a second room.See Synonyms at increase 
һ䷿̵μ increase
To express at length or in detail; enlarge on:
ֵز
expanded his remarks afterward.
ںϸ
To open (something) up or out; spread out:
ſչ
The bird expanded its wings and flew off.
չ
Mathematics To write (a quantity) as a sum of terms in an extended form.
ѧ չչʽ£ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become greater in size, volume, quantity, or scope:
չڳߴ硢Χȷ
Air expands when heated. This critic's influence is expanding.
ͣӰ
To speak or write at length or in detail:

expand on a favorite topic.
һȤ
To open up or out; unfold:
ſչ
The chair expands to form a day bed.
չγһ˯
To feel expansive.
泩
?
Middle English expanden [to spread out] 
йӢ expanden [չ] 
from Latin expandere 
Դ  expandere 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
pandere [to spread] * see  pet- 
pandere [չ] *μ pet- 
?
expandable
adj.ݴʣ
expander
n.ʣ

= =
expansion
ex.pan.sion
AHD:[1k-sp2nshn] 
D.J.[!k6sp#n.*n]
K.K.[!k6sp#n.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of expanding:
ţ ŵΪ̣
the new nation's expansion westward.
¹ҵ
The state of being expanded.
״̬
An expanded part:
첿֣
an expansion of a river.
첿
A product of expanding:
չΪɵĶ
a book that is an expansion of the author's Ph.D. thesis.
ⲿѧʿ
The extent or amount by which something has expanded.
չ֣ĳչĳȻ
Increase in the dimensions of a body.

Mathematics 
ѧ 
A quantity written in an extended form, as a sum of terms or a continued product.
չʽչʽдֵܺͻĳ˻
The process of obtaining this form.
չõչʽĹ
An expanse.

A period of increased economic or business activity.
ûҵΪչʱ

= =
expect
ex.pect
AHD:[1k-spkt] 
D.J.[!k6spekt]
K.K.[!k6spWkt]
v.ʣ
ex.pect.ed,ex.pect.ing,ex.pects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look forward to the probable occurrence or appearance of:
ڴĳµķ֣
expecting a telephone call; expects rain on Sunday.
ȵ绰ȴ
To consider likely or certain:
Ԥڣ϶뵽
expect to see them soon.See Usage Note at anticipate 
Ԥڲÿǲμ anticipate
To consider reasonable or due:
ڴԤڣΪӦõģ
We expect an apology.
ڴһݵǸ
To consider obligatory; require:
ҪΪӦģҪ
The school expects its pupils to be on time.
ѧУҪѧ׼ʱУ
Informal To presume; suppose.
ʽ 裺룻Ϊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To look forward to the birth of one's child. Used in progressive tenses:
ӵڴĳСĽڽʱ
His sister is expecting in May.
Ľ㽫·
To be pregnant. Used in progressive tenses:
Уڽʱ
My wife is expecting again.
ֻ
?
Latin exspect3e 
 exspect3e 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
spect3e [to look at] [frequentative of] specere [to see] * see  spek- 
spect3e []  [] specereظ [] *μ spek- 
?
expectable
adj.ݴʣ
expectably
adv.ʣ
expectedly
adv.ʣ
expectedness
n.ʣ
?
expect,anticipate,hope,await
These verbs are related in various ways to the idea of looking ahead to something in the future.Toexpect  is to look forward to the likely occurrence or appearance of someone or 
something:  
Щڲͬķ漰ǰհ֮˼Expect ˼ڴĳ»ĳ˿ܵķ֣  
You can expect us for lunch.
Եһ緹
We should not expect something for nothingbut we all do and call it Hope (Edgar W. Howe).
ǲӦڴջ--෴Ӧȥ֮Ϊϣ ¼ӡ Wΰ£
 Anticipate  is sometimes used as a synonym ofexpect,  but usually it involves more than expectation.Sometimes it refers to taking advance action,as to forestall or prevent the 
occurrence of something expected or to meet a wish or request before it is articulated: 
 Anticipate  ʱexpect ͬʣ ͨ˼ʱָǰȡжֹԤĳµķһҪԸ˵֮ǰʹõ㣺 
anticipated the attack and locked the gates;
ԤϮţ
anticipating her desires. The term can also refer to having a foretaste of something expected before its occurrence: 
ԤԸ ҲָԤĳĳǰӵУ 
anticipate trouble. Tohope  is to look forward with desire and usually with a measure of confidence in the likelihood of gaining what is desired:  
鷳 Hope ˼Իڴ֮ĿԷһģ  
I hope to see you soon.
ϣþͼ㡣
Hope for the best, but expect the worst. Toawait  is to wait in expectation of; it implies certainty:  
ϣҲȴʧ Await ˼ĵȴ϶ԣ  
eagerly awaiting your letter. 
еȴš 

= =
expectation
ex.pec.ta.tion
AHD:[kspk-t3shn] 
D.J.[7ekspek6te!.*n]
K.K.[7WkspWk6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of expecting.
ڴΪ
Eager anticipation:
е
eyes shining with expectation.
ҫεĿ
The state of being expected.
ڴ״̬
Something expected:
ڴ֮
a result that was beyond my wildest expectation.
ԤϵĽ
expectations Prospects, especially of success or gain.
 expectations ϣе£ָɹջ
Statistics 
ͳѧ 
The expected value of a random variable.
ֵɱֵ
The mean of a random variable.
ɱ
See  expectancy 
μ  expectancy 
?
expectational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
expedition
ex.pe.di.tion
AHD:[ksp1-d1shn] 
D.J.[7eksp!6d!.*n]
K.K.[7Wksp!6d!.*n]
n.ʣ
A journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite objective:
У죺ΪضĿел򿼲죺
an expedition against the enemy stronghold; a scientific expedition to the South Pole.
Ե˸ݵصĿ죻ϼĿѧ
The group undertaking such a journey.
ӣ̤;
Speed in performance; promptness.See Synonyms at haste 
ݣѸٲμ haste
?
Middle English expedicioun [military campaign] 
йӢ expedicioun [ս] 
from Old French expedition 
Դ ŷ expedition 
from Latin expedo?}  expedoti?n- 
Դ  expedo?}  expedoti?n- 
from expedos [past participle of] expedore [to make ready] * see  expedite 
Դ expedos  [] expedoreĹȥִ [׼] *μ expedite

= =
expel
ex.pel
AHD:[1k-spl] 
D.J.[!k6spel]
K.K.[!k6spWl]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.pelled,ex.pel.ling,ex.pels 
To force or drive out:
ߣѡϳȥ
expel an invader.
߸ϳȥ
To discharge from or as if from a receptacle:
ųͷţ
expelled a sigh of relief.
Գ
To force to leave; deprive of membership:
뿪ѡ
expelled the student from college for cheating.See Synonyms at eject 
Ϊ׶ǸѧĴѧѧμ eject
?
Middle English expellen 
йӢ expellen 
from Latin expellere 
Դ  expellere 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰģǰεġ] 
pellere [to drive] * see  pel- 5
pellere [ʻ] *μ pel- 5
?
expellable
adj.ݴʣ
expeller
n.ʣ

= =
expend
ex.pend
AHD:[1k-spnd] 
D.J.[!k6spend]
K.K.[!k6spWnd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.pend.ed,ex.pend.ing,ex.pends 
To lay out; spend:
Ǯѣ
expending tax revenues on government operations.See Synonyms at spend 
˰տϲμ spend
To use up; consume:
ù⣻ľ
Every effort seemed to expend her spirit's force(George Meredith)
ÿһŬȥľľ(Ρ÷׵϶)
?
Middle English expenden 
йӢ expenden 
from Latin expendere [to pay out] 
Դ  expendere [Ǯ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ԡ] 
pendere [to weigh] * see  (s)pen- 
pendere [] *μ (s)pen- 

= =
expenditure
ex.pen.di.ture
AHD:[1k-spnd-chr] 
D.J.[!k6spend*t.*]
K.K.[!k6spWnd*t.+]
n.ʣ
The act or process of expending; outlay.
֧֧Ϊ̣
An amount expended.
֧
An expense.

?
Medieval Latin expenditus [past participle of] expendere [to expend] * see  expend 
 expenditus  [] expendereĹȥִ [] *μ expend
-ure 
-ure

= =
expense
ex.pense
AHD:[1k-spns] 
D.J.[!k6spens]
K.K.[!k6spWns]
n.ʣ
Something spent to attain a goal or accomplish a purpose:
ѣΪﵽĿĻĿ֧Ķ
an expense of time and energy on the project.
ǸĿʱ;֧
A loss for the sake of something gained; a sacrifice:
ʧΪĳʧ
achieved speed at the expense of accuracy.See Synonyms at price 
ٶȵɥʧ˾ȷԲμ price
An expenditure of money; a cost:
Ǯ֧ѣ
an improvement that was well worth the expense; a trip with all expenses paid.
ֵûѵĸĽлѱ
expenses Abbr. exp.
 expenses д exp.
Charges incurred by an employee in the performance of work:
ҵãѣԱйĻѣ
was reimbursed for her travel expenses.
÷ѱ
Informal Money allotted for payment of such charges.
ʽ ֧Ϊ֧ѶǮ
Something requiring the expenditure of money:
Ҫ֧Ǯ
Redecorating the house will be a considerable expense.
װηݽһܴĻ
Archaic The act of expending.
 ѣѵΪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.pensed,ex.pens.ing,ex.pens.es 
To charge with expenses.
ȡ
To write off as an expense.
ѡΪ֧
?
at (one's) expense
To (one's) detriment or chagrin:
ĳ˲
telling jokes at my expense.
ұŪһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin (pecunia) exp?a [(money) paid out] [from feminine past participle of] expendere [to pay out] * see  expend 
Դ  (pecunia) exp?a [֧ģǮ]  [] ԴexpendereԹȥִ [Ǯ] *μ expend

= =
expensive
ex.pen.sive
AHD:[1k-spns1v] 
D.J.[!k6spens!v]
K.K.[!k6spWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Requiring a large expenditure; costly.
úƴģҪʿ֧ģ
Marked by high prices:
ģԸ߼Ϊ־ģ
expensive stores.See Synonyms at costly 
̳μ costly
?
expensively
adv.ʣ
expensiveness
n.ʣ

= =
experience
ex.pe.ri.ence
AHD:[1k-sp?r?-ns] 
D.J.[!k6sp!*ri8*ns]
K.K.[!k6sp!ri*ns]
n.ʣ
The apprehension of an object, a thought, or an emotion through the senses or mind:
飺ͨоĳ˼һָ⣺
a child's first experience of snow.
ǸӶѩĳ
Active participation in events or activities, leading to the accumulation of knowledge or skill:
飺¼л۵֪ʶܣ
a lesson taught by experience; a carpenter with experience in wall and roof repair.
ɾóĽѵǽںݶоľ
The knowledge or skill so derived.
֪ʶܣɾ֪ʶ
An event or a series of events participated in or lived through.
һ¼һϵ¼
The totality of such events in the past of an individual or a group.
˻ڹȥ¼ܺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.per.i.enced,ex.per.i.enc.ing,ex.per.i.enc.es 
To participate in personally; undergo:
룻飺
experience a great adventure; experienced loneliness.
һΰðգį
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin experientia 
Դ  experientia 
from experi?s  experient- [present participle of] experoro [to try] * see  per- 3
Դ experi?s  experient-  [] experoroڷִ [] *μ per- 3
?
experiencer
n.ʣ
?
experience,suffer,sustain,taste,undergo
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to encounter or partake of personally: 
Щʹеĵ˼ǡ롱 
experience happiness;
Ҹ
suffer a loss;
ܵʧ
sustained an injury;
⵽˺
tasted freedom;
ɣ
has undergone a religious conversion. 
һڽת䡣 

= =
experiment
ex.per.i.ment
AHD:[1k-spr-mnt] 
D.J.[!k6sper*m*nt]
K.K.[!k6spWr*m*nt]
n.Abbr. exp.,expt.ʣд exp.,expt.
A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.
ʵ飬飺ܿΪʾһ֪˵ȷԻȷǰδùĳЧܶ
The process of conducting such a test; experimentation.
ʵ̣Ḷ́ʵ
An innovative act or procedure:
ʵ飺µΪ
Democracy is only an experiment in government(William Ralph Inge)
ڵһʵ顱(Ӣ)
The result of experimentation:
ʵĽ
We are not[nature's]  only experiment (R. Buckminster Fuller)
ǲ[Ȼ] еʵƷ (R.Ϳ˹ء)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ex.per.i.ment.ed,ex.per.i.ment.ing,ex.per.i.ments[-mnt]  
To conduct an experiment.

To try something new, especially in order to gain experience:
ԣָΪþ飺
experiment with new methods of teaching.
µĽѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin experom 
Դ  experom 
from experoo} [to try] * see  per- 3
Դ experoo} [ԣ] *μ per- 3
?
experimenter
n.ʣ

= =
experimental
ex.per.i.men.tal
AHD:[1k-spr-mntl] 
D.J.[!k7sper*6mentl]
K.K.[!k7spWr*6mWnt1]
adj.Abbr. exp.,exptl.,X,xݴʣд exp.,exptl.,X,x
Relating to or based on experiment:
ʵģڻʵϵģ
experimental procedures; experimental results.
ʵ鲽裻ʵ
Given to experimenting.
Ϊʵõ
Of the nature of an experiment; constituting or undergoing a test:
ʵԵģʵԵģɻʵģ
an experimental drug.
ҩƷ
Founded on experience; empirical.
ʵ֤ģʵϵģȫƾʵ
?
experimentally
adv.ʣ

= =
expert
ex.pert
AHD:[ksp?rt] 
D.J.[6ek7spT8t]
K.K.[6Wk7spPt]
n.ʣ
A person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject.
רңĳһĿозḻ֪ʶ߶ȼɵ
The highest grade that can be achieved in marksmanship.
صּпȡõߵȼ
A person who has achieved this grade.
ص֣ȡֵȼ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[ksp?rt, 1k-sp?rt] 
Having or demonstrating great skill, dexterity, or knowledge as the result of experience or training.See Synonyms at proficient 
ģΪѵĽлչʾḻܡɻ֪ʶĲμ proficient
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [experienced] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin expertus [past participle of] experoro [to try] * see  per- 3
Դ  expertus  [] experoroĹȥִ [] *μ per- 3
?
expertly
adv.ʣ
expertness
n.ʣ

= =
expertise
ex.per.tise
AHD:[ksp?r-t?z] 
D.J.[7ekspT86ti8z]
K.K.[7WkspP6tiz]
n.ʣ
Expert advice or opinion.
רҼרҵ۵
Skill or knowledge in a particular area.See Synonyms at art 1
ר֪ʶר֪ʶɲμ art1
?
French 
 
from expert [experienced] * see  expert 
Դ expert [о] *μ expert

= =
expire
ex.pire
AHD:[1k-spor] 
D.J.[!k6spa!*]
K.K.[!k6spa!r]
v.ʣ
ex.pired,ex.pir.ing,ex.pires 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an end; terminate:
ﾡͷֹ
My membership in the club has expired.
ҵľֲԱʸ
To breathe one's last breath; die:

The patient expired early this morning.
Ǹ賿
To exhale; breathe out.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To breathe (something) out.
ĳ
Archaic To give (something) off.
 ĳ
?
Middle English expiren 
йӢ expiren 
from Old French expirer 
Դ ŷ expirer 
from Latin exspo3re} 
Դ  exspo3re} 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺ǰģǰεġ] 
spo3re} [to breathe] 
spo3re} [] 

= =
explain
ex.plain
AHD:[1k-spl3n] 
D.J.[!k6sple!n]
K.K.[!k6splen]
v.ʣ
ex.plained,ex.plain.ing,ex.plains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make plain or comprehensible.
˵ʹ
To define; expound:
ͣ˵
We explained our plan to the committee.
ǰԼķίԱ˵
To offer reasons for or a cause of; justify:
⣺ΪṩԭɣΪ绤
explain an error.
Ϊ绤
To offer reasons for the actions, beliefs, or remarks of (oneself).
磺ΪԼģΪṩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make something plain or comprehensible:
ͣʹ⣺
Let me explain.
ҽ
?
explain away
To dismiss or get rid of by or as if by explaining.
绤ýͻƵİ취
To minimize by explanation.
ףýͼ
?
Middle English explanen 
йӢ explanen 
from Latin expl33re} 
Դ  expl33re} 
ex- [intensive pref.] * see  ex- 
ex- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ex-
pl3s [clear] * see  pel- 2
pl3s [] *μ pel- 2
?
explainable
adj.ݴʣ
?
explain,elucidate,expound,explicate,interpret,construe
These verbs mean to make understandable the nature or meaning of something.
Щʶζʹĳµʻ˼ÿ⡣
 Explain   is the most widely applicable: 
 Explain  Ӧģ 
explained the difficult words and obscure symbols;
ЩѶĴʺѽķţ
tried to explain himself. Toelucidate is to throw light on something complex:  
ͼΪԼ⡣ Elucidate  ˼ǽ˵ӵ  
Man's whole life and environment have been laid open and elucidated (Thomas Carlyle).Expound and explicate imply detailed and usually learned and lengthy exploration or 
analysis:  
˵ѵõ˵Ͳ͡ ˹Expound  explicate ָϸĲͨѧĺ߳Ŀ  
We must never forget that it is aconstitution we are expounding  (John Marshall). 
ԶӦܷ ԴڼԽ͡  ԼЪ 
Ordinary language philosophers tried to explicate the standards of usage underlying the linguistic behavior of those who do not abuse this freedom (Jerrold J. Katz).Tointerpret  is 
to reveal the underlying meaning of something by the application of special knowledge or insight:  
 ͨѧͼ÷ı׼ֱ׼ǱЩɵǵΪС ޶JģInterpret ˼֪ʶ򶴲ʾĳǱڵ
˼  
If a poet interprets a poem of his own he limits its suggestibility (William Butler Yeats).
һʫ˽Լһʫİʾԡ ķաôȣ
 Construe  involves putting a particular construction or interpretation on something: 
 Construe  漰˼Ǹĳһͨ׵Ľͻ˵ 
I take the official oath today . . . with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules (Abraham Lincoln). 
ʽġûαƵԭȥܷɵͼ ǲֿϣ 
Why do you construe my silence as a sign of disapproval? 
ΪʲôҵĳĬɲͬı־ 

= =
explanation
ex.pla.na.tion
AHD:[kspl-n3shn] 
D.J.[7ekspl*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[7Wkspl*6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of explaining:
ͣ͵Ϊ̣
launched into a detailed explanation.
һϸĽ
Something that explains:
⣺
That was supposedly the explanation for their misdeeds.
ǿΪǵнеı
A mutual clarification of misunderstandings; a reconciliation.
ͽ⣺Ϊе໥˵ͽ

= =
explicit
ex.plic.it
AHD:[1k-spl1s1t] 
D.J.[!k6spl!s!t]
K.K.[!k6spl!s!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Fully and clearly expressed; leaving nothing implied.
׵ģģȫĺģ
Fully and clearly defined or formulated:
ģģ涨ȫĺģ
generalizations that are powerful, precise, and explicit(Frederick Turner)
׼ȷĸ(׵ˡ)
Forthright and unreserved in expression:
ֱʵģֱֱȥģ̹׵ģ
They were explicit in their criticism.
ֱ˵رǵ
Readily observable:
Զ׼ģ
an explicit sign of trouble.
һԶ׼鷳
Describing or portraying nudity or sexual activity in graphic detail.
ΪģΪ
?
Latin explicitus [past participle of] explic3re [to unfold] * see  explicate 
 explicitus  [] explic3reĹȥִ [] *μ explicate
?
explicitly
adv.ʣ
explicitness
n.ʣ
?
explicit,categorical,definite,express,specific
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is entirely clear and unambiguous: 
Щݴʹͬ˼ǡȫģġ 
explicit statements;
ȷĳ
a categorical refusal;
Ծܾ
a definite answer;
ȷĴ𰸣
my express wishes;
ȷԸ
a specific purpose. ambiguous 
ȷĿ ambiguous

= =
explode
ex.plode
AHD:[1k-spl?d] 
D.J.[!k6spl*&d]
K.K.[!k6splod]
v.ʣ
ex.plod.ed,ex.plod.ing,ex.plodes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To release mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy by the sudden production of gases in a confined space:
ըͨƵĿռͻȻͶͷŻеܡѧܻܣ
The bomb exploded.
ըը
To burst violently as a result of internal pressure.
ڲѹҵرų
To shatter with a loud noise:
ѣƣž飺
I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.
Ұѻƿӵ˵ذϣƿһˤ
To burst forth or break out suddenly and often violently:
ͻͻȻ򷢳Ǿҵģ
My neighbor exploded in rage at the trespassers.
ҵھӶԴ߲Ȼŭ
To increase suddenly, sharply, and without control:
ͻȻҶԿƵ
The population level in this area has exploded during the past 12 years.
ڹȥʮһ˿һֱ
To change state or appearance suddenly:
ͻ䣺ͻȻı״̬ۣ
Over the weekend the trees exploded with color.
ǸĩľɫͻȻ
Sports To hit a golf ball out of a sand trap with a shot that scatters the sand.
˶ ɳӣɳһ߶ɳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to release energy or burst violently and noisily:
ʹըʹѣʹҵغӵͷѣ
The children exploded three firecrackers.
ȼ
To show to be false or unreliable:
ָٻ򲻿ɿ
explode a hypothesis.
Ʒ
Sports To hit (a golf ball) out of a sand trap with an explosive shot.
˶ ɳӣһͻ߶򣩴ɳ
?
Latin expl?e [to drive out by clapping] 
 expl?e [ѡ] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
plaudere [to clap] 
plaudere [ײ] 
?
exploder
n.ʣ

= =
exploit
ex.ploit
AHD:[ksploit, 1k-sploit] 
D.J.[6ek7spl%!t, !k6spl%!t]
K.K.[6Wk7spl%!t, !k6spl%!t]
n.ʣ
An act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one.See Synonyms at feat 1
ӢµΪһжΪָԻ͵ĻӢ۵Ĳμ feat1
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.ploit.ed,ex.ploit.ing,ex.ploits[1k-sploit, ksploit]  
To employ to the greatest possible advantage:
ãƷӵ޶ȣ
exploit one's talents.
ַĳ˵Ĳ
To make use of selfishly or unethically:
áʣ˽ػ򲻵µã
a country that exploited peasant labor.See Synonyms at manipulate 
ѹեũĹҲμ manipulate
To advertise; promote.
棻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French esploit 
Դ ŷ esploit 
from Latin explicitum [neuter past participle of] explic3re [to unfold] * see  explicate 
Դ  explicitum  [] explic3reԹȥִ [] *μ explicate
?
exploitability
n.ʣ
exploitable
adj.ݴʣ
exploitative  
exploitive
adj.ݴʣ
exploitatively  
exploitively
adv.ʣ
exploiter
n.ʣ

= =
explore
ex.plore
AHD:[1k-spl?r, -spl?r] 
D.J.[!k6spl%8, -6spl*&r]
K.K.[!k6spl%r, -6splor]
v.ʣ
ex.plored,ex.plor.ing,ex.plores 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To investigate systematically; examine:
Уϵͳо飺
explore every possibility.
ϵͳоÿһ
To search into or travel in for the purpose of discovery:
̽Ϊֶе̽У
exploring outer space.
̫տ̽
Medicine To examine for diagnostic purposes.
ҽѧ ̽죺ΪϵĿĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a careful examination or search:
죺ϸؼѰң
scientists who have been known to explore in this region of the earth.
ԿһĿѧ
?
Latin expl?3re} 
 expl?3re} 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
perhaps pl?3re} [to cry out, as to rouse game] 
Ϊ pl?3re} [Ϊѱ] 

= =
explosion
ex.plo.sion
AHD:[1k-spl?zhn] 
D.J.[!k6spl*&9*n]
K.K.[!k6splo9*n]
n.ʣ
A release of mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy in a sudden and often violent manner with the generation of high temperature and usually with the release of gases.
ըͻȻֳҵͷŻеܡѧܡܣиµĲͨͷ
A violent bursting as a result of internal pressure.
ѣѹı
The loud, sharp sound made as a result of either of these actions.
ըըѶĸ߶
A sudden, often vehement outburst:
ŷͻȻͨǼҵͻ
an explosion of rage.
Ȼŭ
A sudden, great increase:
ͻȻ޴
a population explosion; the explosion of illegal drug use.
˿ڼǷҩļ
Linguistics See  plosion 
ѧ μ  plosion
?
Latin expl??}  expl?si?n- [a driving off] 
 expl??}  expl?si?n- [] 
from expl?s [past participle of] expl?dere [to drive out by clapping] * see  explode 
Դ expl?s  [] expl?dereĹȥִ [û] *μ explode

= =
explosive
ex.plo.sive
AHD:[1k-spl?s1v] 
D.J.[!k6spl*&s!v]
K.K.[!k6splos!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or having the nature of an explosion.
ըģбըʵģйص
Tending to explode.
ױը
n.ʣ
A substance, especially a prepared chemical, that explodes or causes explosion.
ըҩһƻըʣָ׼õĻѧҩƷ
Linguistics A plosive.
ѧ 
?
explosively
adv.ʣ
explosiveness
n.ʣ

= =
export
ex.port
AHD:[1k-sp?rt, -sp?rt, ksp?rt, -sp?rt] 
D.J.[!k6sp%8t, -6sp*&rt, 6ek7sp%8t, -7sp*&rt]
K.K.[!k6sp%rt, -6sport, 6Wk7sp%rt, -7sport]
v.ʣ
ex.port.ed,ex.port.ing,ex.ports 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send or transport (a commodity, for example) abroad, especially for trade or sale.
ڣһƷ͵˵⣬ָΪó׻
To cause the spread of (an idea, for example) in another part of the world; transmit.
ʹһ˼룩һ ֣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send or transport abroad merchandise, especially for sale or trade.
ڣĳ͵˳⣬ָΪ˳ۻó
n.ʣ
AHD:[ksp?rt, -sp?rt] д exp.
Exportation.
Ʒ
?
Middle English exsport 
йӢ exsport 
from Latin export3e 
Դ  export3e 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
exportability
n.ʣ
exportable
adj.ݴʣ
exporter
n.ʣ

= =
expose
ex.pose
AHD:[1k-sp?z] 
D.J.[!k6sp*&z]
K.K.[!k6spoz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.posed,ex.pos.ing,ex.pos.es 
To subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence:
ʹӰ죺ʹܵܵĳΪӰ֧䣺
exposed themselves to disease; exposed their children to classical music.
ʹܵӰ죻ʹǵĺܵŵֵӰ
To subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light.
ʹع⣺ʹܵĽ
To make visible:
¶ʹ
Cleaning exposed the grain of the wood.See Synonyms at show 
ɨʹľ¶μ show
To make known (something discreditable).
ҷ£
To reveal the guilt or wrongdoing of:
¶¶Ϊ
expose a criminal.See Synonyms at reveal 1
¶ﷸμ reveal1
To deprive of shelter or protection.
ʹ¶ʹʧȥڱλ򱣻
To subject to needless risk:
ʹ٣ʹҪΣգ
an officer who exposed the troops to enemy crossfire.
ʹٵ˻ľ
?
Middle English exposen 
йӢ exposen 
from Old French exposer 
Դ ŷ exposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to put, place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [ã] *μ pose1
of Latin exp?e [to set forth] * see  expound 
  exp? [] *μ expound
?
exposer
n.ʣ

= =
exposition
ex.po.si.tion
AHD:[ksp-z1shn] 
D.J.[7eksp*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7Wksp*6z!.*n]
n.ʣ
A setting forth of meaning or intent.
˵˼ͼĲ
A statement or rhetorical discourse intended to give information about or an explanation of difficult material.
⣺Ϊ˸ṩϢԵ˵ѵĵĽ
The art or technique of composing such discourses.
˵Խ˵Ϊ򷽷
Music 
֡ 
The first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the themes.
ʾʽƷбɵĵһ
The opening section of a fugue.
Ŀʼ
The part of a play that provides the background information needed to understand the characters and the action.
չʾ֣Ϸһ֣չʾͱݵıϢ
An act or example of exposing.
¶¶Ϊ
A public exhibition or show, as of artistic or industrial developments.
չᣬ᣺һֹչչҵķչ
?
Middle English exposicioun 
йӢ exposicioun 
from Old French exposition 
Դ ŷ exposition 
from Latin expositi?}  expositi?n- 
Դ  expositi?}  expositi?n- 
from expositus [past participle of] exp?nere [to expound] * see  expound 
Դ expositus  [] exp?nereĹȥִ [˵] *μ expound
?
expositive
AHD:[1k-sp?z1-t1v]   ex.posi.tory [-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
expositor
n.ʣ

= =
exposure
ex.po.sure
AHD:[1k-sp?zhr] 
D.J.[!k6sp*&9*]
K.K.[!k6spo9+]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of exposing, as:
¶¶¶Ϊ磺
An act of subjecting or an instance of being subjected to an action or an influence:
Ӱ죺ܵĳΪӰ֧Ϊ
their first exposure to big city life.
ǵһܵӰ
Appearance in public or in the mass media:
ع⣺ڹý¶棺
an actor with much recent exposure in television.
ڵ¶һλԱ
Revelation, especially of crime or guilt:
¶¶ԷΥģ
exposure of graft in county government.
̰۵Ľ¶
The condition of being exposed, especially to severe weather or other forces of nature:
ڱΣޱ¶״ָ¶ڶȻΣ
was hospitalized for the effects of exposure.
ҽȻֺĴ
A position in relation to climatic or weather conditions or points of the compass:
򣬳򣺶޾Եλã
Our house has a southern exposure.
ǵķӳ
The act of exposing sensitized photographic film or plate.
ع⣺й⽺ƬƬعΪ
A photographic plate or a piece of film so exposed.
ƬйƬƬӰƬ
The amount of radiant energy needed to expose a photographic film.
عй⽺Ƭعķܵ

= =
express
ex.press
AHD:[1k-sprs] 
D.J.[!k6spres]
K.K.[!k6sprWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.pressed,ex.press.ing,ex.press.es 
To set forth in words; state.
Ա
To manifest or communicate, as by a gesture; show.See Synonyms at vent 1
ͨʾʾƣʾμ vent1
To make known the feelings or opinions of (oneself), as by statement or art.
ף¶Լģл۵㣬ͨ
To convey or suggest a representation of; depict:
˵ı֣棺
The painting expresses the rage of war victims.
ͻ˵սܺߵķŭ
To represent by a sign or a symbol; symbolize:
ʾüǺŻ֣
express a fraction as a decimal.
Сʾ
To squeeze or press out, as juice from an orange.
եեɻѹе֭Һ
To send by special messenger or rapid transport:
ݣѡΪʼʼĳ
express a package to Los Angeles.
ݰɼ
Genetics 
Ŵѧ 
To cause (itself) to produce an effect or a phenotype. Used of a gene:
ͣʹӰ͡ڻ
The gene expressed itself under specific environmental conditions.
Ļ
To manifest the effects of (a gene):
ʾģӰ죺
Half of the people who inherit the gene express it.
ŴˣʾӰ
To manifest (a genetic trait):
ʾԣ
All the mice in the study expressed the defect.
йо֤ǻȱ
adj.Abbr. ex.,exp.ݴʣд ex.,exp.
Definitely and explicitly stated:
ϸ˵ģȷеغسģ
their express wish.See Synonyms at explicit 
ǵȷԸμ explicit
Particular; specific:
׵ģȷеģ
an express plan.
һƻ
Sent out with or moving at high speed.
ݵģټĳĻƶ
Direct, rapid, and usually nonstop:
ֱģֱӵģٵҳͣģ
express delivery of packages; an express bus.
ݣֱ﹫
Of, relating to, or appropriate for rapid travel:
ǰģǰģǰйصģʺڿǰģ
express lanes on a freeway.
ٹ·ϵĿ
adv.ʣ
By express delivery or transport.
ݵأͨͶݻ
n.Abbr. ex.,exp.ʣд ex.,exp.
A rapid, efficient system for the delivery of goods and mail.
ϵͳһͶݻʼĿٸЧͶϵͳ
Goods and mail conveyed by such a system.
ϵͳ͵Ļʼ
A means of transport, such as a train, that travels rapidly and makes few or no stops before its destination.
ֱﳵ쳵һ乤ߣ𳵣Ѹڵյǰͣͣ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A special messenger.
רرŲ
A message delivered by special courier.
Ϣضʹ͵Ϣ
?
Middle English expressen 
йӢ expressen 
from Old French expresser 
Դ ŷ expresser 
from Medieval Latin express3e 
Դ  express3e 
frequentative of Latin exprimere 
  exprimereظ 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
Latin premere [to press] * see  per- 4
 premere [ѹե] *μ per- 4
?
expresser
n.ʣ
expressible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
expression
ex.pres.sion
AHD:[1k-sprshn] 
D.J.[!k6spre.*n]
K.K.[!k6sprW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of expressing, conveying, or representing in words, art, music, or movement; a manifestation:
˵ԡ֡жֵΪʾ
an expression of rural values.
ֵ۵ı
Something that expresses or communicates:
͵Ķ
Let this plaque serve as an expression of our esteem.
ô˱ǵľ
Mathematics An operation or a quantity stated in symbolic form, such as ?x, y  2, or x  + y.  
ѧ ʽӣʽ÷ʾ?x,y  2 x + y  
The manner in which one expresses oneself, especially in speaking, depicting, or performing.
ұ֣ԼԼķʽԡ
A particular word or phrase:
Ĵʻ
an old Yankee expression . . . Stand up and be counted(Charles Kuralt)
һ걱еĿͷ𣬱(˹)
The outward manifestation of a mood or a disposition:
֣ڱ¶
My tears are an expression of my grief.
ҵˮҵıʹ
A facial aspect or a look that conveys a special feeling:
飬ɫĳе沿飺
an expression of scorn.
ӵı
The act of pressing or squeezing out.
եѹեΪ
Genetics The act or process of expressing a gene.
Ŵѧ ֻ֣Ϊ

= =
exquisite
ex.qui.site
AHD:[kskw1-z1t, 1k-skw1z1t] 
D.J.[6ekskw!z!t, !k6skw!z!t]
K.K.[6Wkskw!z!t, !k6skw!z!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by intricate and beautiful design or execution:
µģɵģԸӺƯƻִΪģ
an exquisite chalice.
µľƱ
Of such beauty or delicacy as to arouse delight:
ŵģģ;ʹ˸˵ģ
an exquisite sunset.See Synonyms at delicate 
Ϧμ delicate
Excellent; flawless:
õģȱģ
plays the piano with exquisite technique.
ȱļ
Acutely perceptive or discriminating:
ģоģбģ
an exquisite sense of color.
ɫо
Intense; keen:
ǿҵģҵģ
suffered exquisite pain.
ܵľʹ
Obsolete Ingeniously devised or thought out.
 µģ뷨˼д
n.ʣ
One who is excessively fastidious in dress, manners, or taste.
εˣֹֽȺõ
?
Middle English exquisit [carefully chosen] 
йӢ exquisit [ϸ] 
from Latin exquootus} [past participle of] exquorere [to search out] 
Դ  exquootus}  [] exquorereĹȥִ [ѡе] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
quaerere [to seek] 
quaerere [Ѱ] 
?
exquisitely
adv.ʣ
exquisiteness
n.ʣ

= =
extend
ex.tend
AHD:[1k-stnd] 
D.J.[!k6stend]
K.K.[!k6stWnd]
v.ʣ
ex.tend.ed,ex.tend.ing,ex.tends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To open or straighten (something) out; unbend:
ſѣĳֱ
extended the legs of the folding table.
۵
To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length:
죺쳤չĳϴ̶Ȼ󳤶ȣ
extended the radio antenna.

To exert (oneself) vigorously or to full capacity:
ַӣطӣԼģַԼ
Few mountain climbers have extended themselves as those two have.
ٵɽ˶ԱַԼ
To cause to move at full gallop. Used of a horse.
߾ȫʹָۡ
To increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance:
ӣͨһֽϱ˵
used rice or pasta to extend leftover casseroles.
׷ʳʣµʳ
To adulterate.

To enlarge the area, scope, or range of.
Χ
To expand the influence of.
󡭵Ӱ
To make more comprehensive or inclusive.See Synonyms at increase 
䣬ʵʹ㷺ݸĲμ increase
To offer:
ף
extend one's greetings.
ϸ˵ף
To make available; provide:
ãṩ
extend credit to qualified purchasers.
ΪʸĿͻṩô
To cause (something) to be or last longer:
ӳʹĳڻ
extended our visit by a day.
ǵİݷӳһ
To prolong the time allowed for payment of:
Ƿӣӳԡĸʱ䣺
extend a loan for three more months.
µĴ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
To appraise or assess; value.
ۣ
To seize or make a levy on for the purpose of settling a debt.
˰Ϊծƶն
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become long, large, or comprehensive:
ʹó㷺
influence that extended to other continents; table legs that extend by unscrewing.
޵Ӱ죻ɿ˿ż쳤
?
Middle English extenden 
йӢ extenden 
from Old French extendre 
Դ ŷ extendre 
from Latin extendere 
Դ  extendere 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
tendere [to stretch] * see  ten- 
tendere [] *μ ten- 
?
extendibility
n.ʣ
extendable  
extendible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
extension
ex.ten.sion
AHD:[1k-stnshn] 
D.J.[!k6sten.*n]
K.K.[!k6stWn.*n]
n.Abbr. ext.ʣд ext.
The act of extending or the condition of being extended.
չչΪ쳤״
The amount, degree, or range to which something extends or can extend:
쳤̶ȻΧ
The wire has an extension of 50 feet.
߿쳤50Ӣ
The act of straightening or extending a limb.
ֱֱչ֫Ϊ
The position assumed by an extended limb.
֫λ֫жϳλ
Medicine The application of traction to a fractured or dislocated limb to restore the normal position.
ҽѧ ǣǣ죨Ϊʹۻλָ֫ԭλеǣ춯
An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something:
ӣӡӰ󡢹ܵǿĳݵࣺ
an extension for the vacuum cleaner; built a new extension onto the hospital wing.
ӴҽԺһ
An additional telephone connected to a main line.
绰ֻһϵ绰
An allowance of extra time, especially for the repayment of a debt.
ޣӵʱ䣬Ϊ˻ծ
The period of this extra time:
ڣӳޣ
three months' extension on the loan.
¿
The property of an object by which it occupies space.
ռݿռĲƲ
A program in a university, college, or school that offers instruction, as by television or correspondence, to persons unable to attend at the usual time or in the usual place.
ڣڴѧѧԺѧУһֿγ̣ͨӻͨŶЩͨʱͨصϿεṩ
Logic The class of objects designated by a specific term or concept; denotation.
߼ѧ ӣ˵ضĴʻѧࣻ
Mathematics A set that includes a given and similar set as a subset.
ѧ ӼһĻƵӼļ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
an extension ladder; an extension cord.
ݣӳ
?
Middle English extensioun 
йӢ extensioun 
from Old French extension 
Դ ŷ extension 
from Latin ext??}  ext?nsi?n- 
Դ  ext??}  ext?nsi?n- 
from ext?s [past participle of] extendere [to extend] * see  extend 
Դ ext?s  [] extendereĹȥִ [չ] *μ extend
?
extensional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
extensive
ex.ten.sive
AHD:[1k-stns1v] 
D.J.[!k6stens!v]
K.K.[!k6stWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Large in extent, range, or amount.
ģģȵģΧģ
Of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with a minimum of labor or expense.
ַŵģֵģٵͶôֵĻйص
?
extensively
adv.ʣ
extensiveness
n.ʣ

= =
extent
ex.tent
AHD:[1k-stnt] 
D.J.[!k6stent]
K.K.[!k6stWnt]
n.ʣ
The range, magnitude, or distance over which a thing extends:
룬ȣչķΧ߶Ȼ룺
landowners unaware of the extent of their own holdings.
ص˲֪еصķΧ
The degree to which a thing extends:
޶ȣĳչĳ̶ȣ
prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
޶ȵִз
An extensive space or area:
һƬĿռط
an extent of desert.
һƬɳĮ
Law 
ɡ 
A writ allowing a creditor to assume temporary ownership of a debtor's property.
ʱȨծȨʱռнծ˵ĲƲһ
In Great Britain, a writ allowing a creditor to seize a debtor's property temporarily.
Ѻڴеߣһծʱռнծ˵ĲƲ
The seizure in execution of such a writ.
ѺûյĲƲ
Archaic An assessment or a valuation, as of land in Britain, especially for taxation.
 ۣڬۣӢصĹۣΪ˰
?
Middle English extente [assessment on land] 
йӢ extente [ع] 
from Anglo-Norman [from feminine past participle of] extendre [to extend] 
Դ Ӣ  [] ԴextendreԹȥִ [չ] 
from Latin extendere * see  extend 
Դ  extendere *μ extend

= =
exterior
ex.te.ri.or
AHD:[1k-st?r?-r] 
D.J.[!k6st!*ri8*]
K.K.[!k6st!ri+]
adj.ݴʣ
Outer; external:
ģڵģ
the exterior door.

Originating or acting from the outside:
ģԴⲿģģ
exterior influences on the negotiations.
̸еӰ
Suitable for use outside:
õģģ
an exterior paint.
Ϳ
n.ʣ
A part or a surface that is outside:
ⲿ棺λⲿıһ֣
the exterior of the house.
ӵⲿ
An external or outward appearance:
ò
a friendly exterior.
һѺõ
A representation in visual art of the outdoors:
⾰Ӿı֣
The film includes some striking exteriors.
ⲿӰһЩעĿ⾰
?
Latin [comparative of] exter [outward] * see  eghs 
  [] exterıȽϼ [] *μ eghs 
?
exteriorly
adv.ʣ

= =
external
ex.ter.nal
AHD:[1k-st?rnl] 
D.J.[!k6stT8n*l]
K.K.[!k6stPn*l]
adj.Abbr. ext.ݴʣд ext.
Relating to, existing on, or connected with the outside or an outer part; exterior.
ģڵģⲿйصģⲿģⲿϵģⲿ
Suitable for application to the outside:
õģʹõģ
external paints.
Ϳ
Existing independently of the mind.
͹۵ģʵģ뾫޹ص
Acting or coming from the outside:
ģڻģ
external pressures.
ѹ
Of or relating chiefly to outward appearance; superficial:
ģ۵ģģҪйصģģ
An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation(A.R. Gurney, Jr.)
ĵбɶĹġ(СA.R.)
Of or relating to foreign affairs or foreign countries:
ģʵģģйصģ
the country's minister of external affairs.
ù⽻
n.ʣ
An exterior part or surface.
ⲿⲿڵı
externals 
 externals 
Outer circumstances.
ⲿ
Outward appearances:
ۣ
was charming as far as the externals went.
˵˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin externus [outward] 
Դ  externus [] 
from exter * see  eghs 
Դ exter *μ eghs 
?
externally
adv.ʣ

= =
extinct
ex.tinct
AHD:[1k-st1ngkt] 
D.J.[!k6st!0kt]
K.K.[!k6st!0kt]
adj.Abbr. ext.ݴʣд ext.
No longer existing or living:
ģٴڵĻٻģ
an extinct species.
һ
No longer burning or active:
ϨģȼյģٻԾģ
an extinct volcano.
һɽ
No longer in use:
ϳ˵ģ
an extinct custom.See Synonyms at dead 
ϳ˵ϰײμ dead
Law Lacking a claimant; void:
ɡ ʱģʧЧģ
an extinct title.
һʧЧͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin exstos [past participle of] exstinguere [to extinguish] * see  extinguish 
Դ  exstos  [] exstinguereĹȥִ [] *μ extinguish

= =
extinguish
ex.tin.guish
AHD:[1k-st1nggw1sh] 
D.J.[!k6st!0gw!.]
K.K.[!k6st!0gw!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.tin.guished,ex.tin.guish.ing,ex.tin.guish.es 
To put out (a fire, for example); quench.
Ϩȣ
To put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy.See Synonyms at abolish 
Ϩϣȣݻٲμ abolish
To obscure; eclipse.
ʹȻʧɫʹμ
Law 
ɡ 
To settle or discharge (a debt).
壨ծ
To nullify:
ȡ
extinguished their title to the property.
ȡٺ»
Psychology To bring about the extinction of (a conditioned response).
ѧ ӦʧӦģʧ
?
Latin exstinguere 
 exstinguere 
ex- [intensive pref.] * see  ex- 
ex- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ex-
stinguere [to quench] * see  steig- 
stinguere [] *μ steig- 
?
extinguishable
adj.ݴʣ
extinguishment
n.ʣ

= =
extra
ex.tra
AHD:[kstr] 
D.J.[6ekstr*]
K.K.[6Wkstr*]
adj.Abbr. ext.,ex.,Xݴʣд ext.,ex.,X
More than or beyond what is usual, normal, expected, or necessary.See Synonyms at superfluous 
ģģڻ򳬹ͨġġϵĻҪĲμ superfluous
Better than ordinary; superior:
ؼѵģĺãģ
extra fineness.
ر
Subject to an additional charge:
շѵģ뾭ӷѵģ
a pizza with extra cheese.
Ҫշѵı
n.ʣ
Something more than is usual or necessary.
ƽĻҪĶ
Something, such as an accessory on a motor vehicle, for which an additional charge is made.
շѵĳϵĸ
A special edition of a newspaper.
⣺ֽһ
An additional or alternate worker.

A performer hired to play a minor part, as in a crowd scene.
ʱԱӰȺڳʱʱԱ
Something of exceptional quality.
ƷؼƷرõĶ
adv.ʣ
To an exceptional extent or degree; unusually:
أرأﵽĳ̶Ȼ޶ȣأ
extra dry.

?
Probably short for extraordinary 
Ϊ extraordinaryļд

= =
extract
ex.tract
AHD:[1k-str2kt] 
D.J.[!k6str#kt]
K.K.[!k6str#kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ex.tract.ed,ex.tract.ing,ex.tracts 
To draw or pull out, using great force or effort:
γôŬγϳ
extract a wisdom tooth.
γһǳ
To obtain despite resistance:
˷ã
extract a promise.
ʹŵ
To obtain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action, as by pressure, distillation, or evaporation.
եȡͨѧûеôĳлãͨѹե
To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt.
ժ¼ãΪժժ¼
To derive or obtain (information, for example) from a source.
ѡȡĳһûȡãϢ
To deduce (a principle or doctrine); construe (a meaning).
ͣƶϣԭ壩壩
To derive (pleasure or comfort) from an experience.
õһξлãȤʣ
Mathematics To determine or calculate (the root of a number).
ѧ ȷ㣨һĸ
n.ʣ
AHD:[kstr2kt] д ext.
A passage from a literary work; an excerpt.
ժ¼ѧƷժ¼һΣժ¼
A concentrated preparation of the essential constituents of a food, a flavoring, or another substance; a concentrate:
Ũ֭һʳζƷʵľֵŨƼŨ
maple extract.
֭
?
Middle English extracten 
йӢ extracten 
from Latin extrahere  extract- 
Դ  extrahere  extract- 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺֮⡱] 
trahere [to draw] 
trahere [ȡ] 
?
extractable  
extractible
adj.ݴʣ
extractor
n.ʣ

= =
extraordinary
ex.traor.di.nar.y
AHD:[1k-str?rdn-r?, kstr-?r-] 
D.J.[!k6str%8dn7eri8, 7ekstr*6%8r-]
K.K.[!k6str%rd27Wri, 7Wkstr*6%r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Beyond what is ordinary or usual:
Ƿģһƽģ
extraordinary authority.
Ȩ
Highly exceptional; remarkable:
Ƿģģ
an extraordinary achievement.
һǷĳɾ
Employed or used for a special service, function, or occasion:
رģķ񡢹ܻ򳡺ϵģ
a minister extraordinary; an extraordinary professor.
ɲһλְ
?
Middle English extraordinarie 
йӢ extraordinarie 
from Latin extraordin3s 
Դ  extraordin3s 
extr3} [outside] * see  extra- 
extr3} [] *μ extra-??}  ?rdin- [order] * see  order ??}  ?rdin- [] *μ order
?
extraordinarily
AHD:[-dn-ar-l?] ʣ

= =
extravagant
ex.trav.a.gant
AHD:[1k-str2v-gnt] 
D.J.[!k6str#v*g*nt]
K.K.[!k6str#v*g*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Given to lavish or imprudent expenditure:
˷ѵģѹʻѵģ
extravagant members of the imperial court.
˷ѵĻʼҳԱ
Exceeding reasonable bounds:
ȵģֵģΧģ
extravagant demands.See Synonyms at excessive 
ֵҪμ excessive
Extremely abundant; profuse:
Ϊḻģģ
extravagant vegetation.
ïʢֲ
Unreasonably high; exorbitant:
ߵģֵģ
extravagant fees.
ߵշ
Archaic Straying beyond limits or bounds; wandering.
 εģ˵ģ˳޵ģε
?
Middle English [unusual, rambling] 
йӢ [Ѱģ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin extr33ns}  extr3vagant- [present participle of] extr3vag3ro [to wander] 
Դ  extr33ns}  extr3vagant-  [] extr3vag3roڷִ [ǻ] 
Latin extr3} [outside] * see  extra- 
 extr3} [] *μ extra-
Latin vag3o} [to wander] 
 vag3o} [Ư] 
?
extravagantly
adv.ʣ
extravagantness
n.ʣ

= =
extreme
ex.treme
AHD:[1k-str?m] 
D.J.[!k6stri8m]
K.K.[!k6strim]
adj.ݴʣ
Most remote in any direction; outermost or farthest:
Զģ˵ģκη϶ԶģĻԶģ
the extreme edge of the field.
ԭҰľͷ
Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree; very intense:
ȵģڻ򵽴̶߳ȵģȵģ
extreme pleasure; extreme pain.
ȸˣʹ֮
Extending far beyond the norm:
ֵģȵģԶԶ׼ģ
an extreme conservative.See Synonyms at excessive 
˵ı߲μ excessive
Of the greatest severity; drastic:
ϸģϾģ
took extreme measures to conserve fuel.
ʩȼ
Archaic Final; last.
 ģյ
n.ʣ
The greatest or utmost degree or point.
ˣȣ޵ĳ̶Ȼյ
Either of the two things situated at opposite ends of a range:
ˣĳһΧжϵ֮һ
the extremes of boiling and freezing.
е̵
An extreme condition.
˵״
An immoderate, drastic expedient:
˴ʩǳֶΣ˵ġҵȨ֮ƣ
resorted to extremes in the emergency.
ڽ״̬ǳֶ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The first or last term of a ratio or a series.
ĩʻеһһ
A maximum or minimum value of a function.
ֵСֵֵСֵ
Logic The major or minor term of a syllogism.
߼ѧ ǰᣬСǰ᣺еĴǰСǰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin extr?s * see  eghs 
Դ  extr?s *μ eghs 
?
extremely
adv.ʣ
extremeness
n.ʣ

= =
eye
eye
AHD:[o] 
D.J.[a!]
K.K.[a!]
n.ʣ
An organ of vision or of light sensitivity.
۾Ӿ
The vertebrate organ of vision; either of a pair of hollow structures located in bony sockets of the skull, functioning together or independently, each having a lens capable of focusing 
incident light on an internal photosensitive retina from which nerve impulses are sent to the brain.
٣׵Ӿ٣λͷǹǹепյĽṹһͬãÿһһ͸ܰĹ߼ڲйĤϣ
Ĥ
The external, visible portion of this organ together with its associated structures, especially the eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows.
ȦٵⲿӾṹԼؽṹָëü
The pigmented iris of this organ.
ĤȾɫĺĤ
The faculty of seeing; vision.
۲
The ability to make intellectual or aesthetic judgments:
ԵĻѧжϵ
has a good eye for understated fashion.
ʱõĶ
A way of regarding something; a point of view:
۵㣬⣺ʶķʽ۵㣺
To my eye, the decorations are excellent.
ҵĹ۵㣬ЩװƷܺ
Attention:
ע⣺
The lavish window display immediately got my eye.
ĳչʾҵע
Something suggestive of the vertebrate organ of vision, especially:
״뵽׵ӾٵĶָ
An opening in a needle.

The aperture of a camera.
ĹȦ
A loop, as of metal, rope, or thread.
ȦȦȦ
A circular marking on a peacock's feather.
ۣȸëϵԲȦ
Chiefly Southern U.S. The round flat cover over the hole on a wood-burning stove.
ϲ ¯ǣһԲεıƽǣľͷ¯
A photosensitive device, such as a photoelectric cell.
йװãܣ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A bud on a twig or tuber:
ѿۣ֦龥ϵѿ
the eye of a potato.
ѿ
The often differently colored center of the corolla of some flowers.
ģһЩͨɫĻڵ
Meteorology The circular area of relative calm at the center of a hurricane.
ѧ ۣ쫷ĵƽԲ
The center or focal point of attention or action:
㣺עжĻ򽹵㣺
right in the eye of the controversy.
۵Ľ
Informal A detective, especially a private detective.
ʽ ָ̽̽˽̽
A choice center cut of meat, as of beef:
⣺Ĳ֣ţ⣩
eye of the round.
ţ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
eyed,eye.ing  ey.ing [o1ng] eyes 
To look at:

eyed the passing crowd with indifference.
ĮȻؿŹȺ
To watch closely:
עӣеع۲죺
eyed the shark's movements.
еع۲Ļ
To supply with an eye.
Ͽ
?
all eyes
Fully attentive.
ȫע
an eye for an eye
Punishment in which an offender suffers what the victim has suffered.
ۻۣһֳͷܺܵͷ
clap (one's) eyes on 
lay (one's) eyes on  
set (one's) eyes on
To look at.
ע
eye to eye
In agreement:
һ£
We're eye to eye on all the vital issues.
شǵĹ۵һ
have eyes for
To be interested in.
ԡȤ
have (one's) eye on
To look at, especially attentively or continuously.
עӣע⣺עӣָרעĻ򲻼ϵ
To have as one's objective.

in a pig's eyeٵ
Under no condition; never:

In a pig's eye will I ever do that.
ҾǼ
in the eye of the wind
In a direction opposite that of the wind; close to the wind.
磺ڷķ
in the public eye
Frequently seen in public or in the media.
ڹ¶ģڹϻý¶
Widely publicized; well-known.
֪ģ
my eyeٵ
In no way; not at all. Used interjectionally.
һҲڱ̾
with an eye to
With a view to:
ڣ
redecorated the room with an eye to its future use as a nursery.
װҪڽ
with (one's) eyes closed
Unaware of the risks involved.
δΣգ֪Σ
with (one's) eyes open
Aware of the risks involved.
أʶΣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ??age} * see  ok w- 
Դ Ӣ ??age} *μ ok w- 

= =
eyesight
eye.sight
AHD:[osot] 
D.J.[6a!7sa!t]
K.K.[6a!7sa!t]
n.ʣ
The faculty of sight; vision.
Ӿ۹
Range of vision; view.
ΧҰ

= =
fable
fa.ble
AHD:[f3bl] 
D.J.[6fe!b*l]
K.K.[6feb*l]
n.ʣ
A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings.
ԢԣһͨСĹ£ʾĹ۵㣬˵˵ΪĶΪɫ
A story about legendary persons and exploits.
˵ڴ˵еӢΪĹ
A falsehood; a lie.
ٻ
v.ʣ
fa.bled,fa.bling,fa.bles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To recount as if true.
ɷнµĽ
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To compose fables.
鹹鹹Ĺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin f3a 
Դ  f3a 
from f3o} [to speak] * see  bh3- 2
Դ f3o} [] *μ bh3- 2
?
fabler
n.ʣ

= =
fabric
fab.ric
AHD:[f2br1k] 
D.J.[6f#br!k]
K.K.[6f#br!k]
n.ʣ
A cloth produced especially by knitting, weaving, or felting fibers.
֯һֲָͨ֯֯ձ˿߶
The texture or quality of such cloth.
ʵأ߲֯Ľṹʵ
A complex underlying structure:
ṹһָӵĻṹ
destroyed the very fabric of the ancient abbey during wartime bombing; needs to protect the fabric of civilized society.
սУݻ˹޵ԺмܹҪĻ
A method or style of construction.
죺ķ
A structural material, such as masonry or timber.
ģṹϣʯϻľ
A physical structure; a building.
Ʒṹ
?
Middle English fabryke [something constructed] 
йӢ fabryke [Ķ] 
from Old French fabrique 
Դ ŷ fabrique 
from Latin fabrica [craft, workshop] 
Դ  fabrica [ҵ] 
from faber  fabr- [workman, artificer] 
Դ faber  fabr- [ˣ] 

= =
fabricate
fab.ri.cate
AHD:[f2br1-k3t] 
D.J.[6f#br!7ke!t]
K.K.[6f#br!7ket]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fab.ri.cat.ed,fab.ri.cat.ing,fab.ri.cates 
To make; create.

To construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized parts:
װ䣺ѲͬģͨǱ׼װװһ壺
fabricate small boats.
װС
To concoct in order to deceive:
죺ƭΪĿĽ죺
fabricated an excuse.

?
Middle English fabricaten 
йӢ fabricaten 
from Latin fabric3o}  fabric3t- [to make] 
Դ  fabric3o}  fabric3t- [] 
from fabrica [craft] * see  fabric 
Դ fabrica [ɻ] *μ fabric
?
fabrication
n.ʣ
fabricator
n.ʣ

= =
face
face
AHD:[f3s] 
D.J.[fe!s]
K.K.[fes]
n.ʣ
The surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear.
ͷǰ棬ǰ°Լ֮
A person:
ˣ
We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.
Ͽεһǿ
A person's countenance.
˵
A contorted facial expression; a grimace:
࣬沿飻ࣺ
made a face at the prospect of eating lemons.
뵽ʱһ
Outward appearance:
ۣ
the modern face of the city.
ǵִ
Value or standing in the eyes of others; prestige:
ӣֵţڱļֵλţ
lose face.

Self-assurance; confidence:
ţģ
The team managed to maintain a firm face even in times of great adversity.
ʹΣʱ̣Գɹر˼ᶨ
Effrontery; impudence:
޳ܣ
had the face to question my judgment.
޳ҵж
The most significant or prominent surface of an object, especially:
棺ĳΪҪı棬ǣ
The surface presented to view; the front.
ǰ棺ı棻
A fa?ade.

Outer surface:
棺
the face of the earth.

A marked side:
бǵ棺
the face of a clock; the face of a playing card.
ʱӵı̣˿Ƶ
The right side, as of fabric.
棺棬粼
Geometry A planar surface of a geometric solid.
ѧ 棺ͼεĶı
Any of the surfaces of a rock or crystal.
棺ʯı
The end, as of a mine or tunnel, at which work is advancing.
ɾ棺ĩˣ󾮵Ļӵģڴ˹ڼ
The appearance and geologic surface features of an area of land; topography.
رĳһ½رм״ı棻
Printing A typeface or range of typefaces.
ӡˢ 棬Ǧģ棺ǦģǦģ
v.ʣ
faced,fac.ing,fac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To occupy a position with the face toward:
ԣվĳһλ
stood and faced the audience.
Թվ
To front on:
򡭣
a window that faces the south.
ϵһ
To confront with complete awareness:
ԣȫʶԣ
had to face the facts.
òʵ
To overcome by confronting boldly or bravely:
ӣֱͨʶ¸ҵ˷
What this generation must do is face its problems(John F. Kennedy)
һ⡱(ԼF.)
To confront with impudence.
ӣ
To be certain to encounter; have in store:
٣ض⵽ٵģ
An unskilled youth faces a difficult life.
һ꣬
To bring or to be brought face to face with:
ʹ棺
The prospect of military conflict . . . faced us with nightmarish choices(Henry A. Kissinger)
δľ³ͻʹԶƵľ(A.)
To cause (troops) to change direction by giving a command.
תʹӣı䷽
Games To turn (a playing card) so that the face is up.
Ϸ ƣ˿ƣʹ֮泯
To furnish with a surface or cover of a different material:
棬ơòͬĲװ棺
bronze that is faced with gold foil.
𲭵ͭ
To line or trim the edge of, especially with contrasting material:
ߣָзĲϣ
face a hem with lace.
·ϻ
To treat the surface of so as to smooth.
ѱĥƽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be turned or placed with the front toward a specified direction.
ţʹ泯ĳһض
To turn the face in a specified direction.
תתĳһضķ
?
face down
To attain mastery over or overcome by confronting in a resolute, determined manner:
ĿѹͨᶨϵԶ˷
face down an opponent in a debate; faced the enemy down.
ڱĿѹԷ
face off ˶
To start play in ice hockey, lacrosse, and other games by releasing the puck or ball between two opposing players.
ڱıн֮п
face up
To confront, an unpleasant situation, for example, with resolution and assurance:
ԣŵأһ״
had to face up or get out; finally faced up to the problem.
òԣӱܣǸ
?
face the music
To accept the unpleasant consequences, especially of one's own actions.
еܲĽԼжĽ
face to face
In each other's presence; in direct communication:
棻ֱӽ
The two world leaders at last spoke face to face.
ֱӽ
Directly confronting:
ֱԵģ
We were face to face with death during the avalanche.
ѩУֱ
in (the) face of
Despite the opposition of; notwithstanding:
Ȼˣܣ
This statement flies in the face of accepted wisdom(S. Fred Singer)
˵¸ҵطϵǻۡ(S.׵¡)
on the face of it
From appearances alone; apparently:
ӱжϣȻ
On the face of it, the problem seems minor.
ӱжϣƺС
show (one's) face
To make an appearance:
棬¶
Don't show your face on my property again.
ٳҵĲƲ
to (one's) face
In the view or hearing of:
棺ķΧ
criticized the supervisor to her face.
ǸලԱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *facia 
Դ  *facia 
from Latin faci?s * see  dh?- 
Դ  faci?s *μ dh?- 
?
faceable
adj.ݴʣ
faceless
adj.ݴʣ
facelessness
n.ʣ
?
face,countenance,kisser,mug,pan,physiognomy,puss,visage
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the front surface of the head: 
Ще˼ǡͷǰ桱 
turned her face away;
תһߣ
a happy countenance;
Ҹɫ
punched him in the kisser;
ȭϣ
caught a glimpse of his ugly mug;
Ƴĳ
tripped and fell on her pan;
ˤ
caught him staring at my physiognomy;
ҵ
a menacing look on his puss;
ŵɫ
a noble-looking visage. See also Synonyms at  defy 
߹ μͬ defy

= =
facet
fac.et
AHD:[f2s1t] 
D.J.[6f#s!t]
K.K.[6f#s!t]
n.ʣ
One of the flat polished surfaces cut on a gemstone or occurring naturally on a crystal.
棺ĥʯȻˮϵСƽ
Anatomy A small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth.
ѧ С棺С⻬ƽı棬ڹͷ
Biology One of the lenslike visual units of a compound eye, as of an insect.
ѧ С棺۵͸Ӿλ
One of numerous aspects, as of a subject; a phase.See Synonyms at phase 
ĳһ棺ڶ෽еһĳ棻μ phase
?
French facette 
 facette 
from Old French [diminutive of] face [face] * see  face 
Դ ŷ  [] faceС׺ [] *μ face
?
faceted  
facetted
adj.ݴʣ

= =
facilitate
fa.cil.i.tate
AHD:[f-s1l1-t3t] 
D.J.[f*6s!l!7te!t]
K.K.[f*6s!l!7tet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fa.cil.i.tat.ed,fa.cil.i.tat.ing,fa.cil.i.tates 
To make easy or easier:
ʹ׻׵ģ
political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals.
ʹ׵Э
?
From French faciliter 
Դ  faciliter 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Italian facilitare 
Դ  facilitare 
from facile [facile] 
Դ facile [] 
from Latin facilis * see  facile 
Դ  facilis *μ facile
?
facilitative
AHD:[-t3t1v] ݴʣ
facilitator
n.ʣ

= =
facility
fa.cil.i.ty
AHD:[f-s1l1-t?] 
D.J.[f*6s!l!ti8]
K.K.[f*6s!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 fa.cil.i.ties 
Ease in moving, acting, or doing; aptitude:
ʣ˶жʣ
an extreme facility in acquiring new dialects(W.H. Hudson)
·ԵķǷʡ(W.H.ѷ)
Readiness to be persuaded; pliability.
˳ױ˵ģ׽
Often facilities Something that facilitates an action or process.See Synonyms at amenity 
  facilities 豸ʹж׽еĶμ amenity
Something created to serve a particular function:
ңΪĳһضܶĶ
hospitals and other health care facilities.
ҽԺҽƱʩ

= =
fact
fact
AHD:[f2kt] 
D.J.[f#kt]
K.K.[f#kt]
n.ʣ
Information presented as objectively real.
ʵ飺͹ʵϢ
A real occurrence; an event:
ʵʵڵ飻¼
had to prove the facts of the accident.
ò֤ʵ
Something having real, demonstrable existence:
ࣺʵġ֤Ĵڵ
Genetic engineering is now a fact.
Ŵʵڵļ
The quality of being real or actual:
ʵԣʵĻʵʵʣ
a blur of fact and fancy.
ʵͻӲ
A thing that has been done, especially a crime:
Ϊ£ָ
an accessory before the fact.
ǰӷ
Law The aspect of a case at law comprising events determined by evidence:
ɡ 飺֤֤ķɰķɹҪĳ棺
The jury made a finding of fact.
Ŷ԰о
?
in (point of) fact
In reality or in truth; actually.
ʵϣȷʵʵ
?
Latin factum [deed] [from neuter past participle of] facere [to do] * see  dh?- 
 factum [Ϊ]  [] ԴfacereԹȥִ [] *μ dh?- 
?
Fact has a long history of usage in the sense allegation of fact, as in This tract was distributed to thousands of American teachers, but the facts and the reasoning are wrong   
(Albert Shanker).This practice has led inevitably to the introduction of the phrasestrue facts  and real facts,  as inThe true facts of the case may never be known.  These usages may 
occasion qualms among critics who hold that facts cannot be other than true,but they often serve a useful purpose.
Fact һʷڱʾʵ ڡСӱɢǧƵʦУƵʵǴġ  ءпˣ
ɱصtrue facts  real facts  ʵܴδ֤ʵ С Щ÷ЩΪܲʵпǣǳõĿ


= =
factor
fac.tor
AHD:[f2ktr] 
D.J.[6f#kt*]
K.K.[6f#kt+]
n.ʣ
One that actively contributes to an accomplishment, a result, or a process:
أɡлõĶ
Surprise is the greatest factor in war(Tom Clancy)See Synonyms at element 
սг䲻Ҫս(ķ)μ element
One who acts for someone else; an agent.
ˣ˵ˣ
A person or firm that accepts accounts receivable as security for short-term loans.
̣ˣӦʿΪڽ˻˾
Mathematics One of two or more quantities that divides a given quantity without a remainder:
ѧ ӣܰѸеһ
2 and 3 are factors of 6;a  and b  are factors of ab.  
236a  b  ab  
A quantity by which a stated quantity is multiplied or divided, so as to indicate an increase or decrease in a measurement:
ϵһȷ˻һΪ˱ʾ
The rate increased by a factor of ten.
10
A gene. No longer in technical usage.
򣺻򡣲רҵ
Physiology A substance that functions in a specific biochemical reaction or bodily process, such as blood coagulation.
ѧ ŴĳһضӦõʣѪҺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fac.tored,fac.tor.ing,fac.tors 
To determine or indicate explicitly the factors of.
ֽʾΪʽ
?
factor in
To figure in:
ѡڣ
We factored sick days and vacations in when we prepared the work schedule.
׼ʱʱǰѲٺͼڶ
?
Middle English factour [perpetrator, agent] 
йӢ factour [ﷸ] 
from Old French facteur 
Դ ŷ facteur 
from Latin factor [maker] 
Դ  factor [] 
from facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
Դ facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
factorable
adj.ݴʣ
factorship
n.ʣ

= =
factory
fac.to.ry
AHD:[f2kt-r?] 
D.J.[6f#kt*ri8]
K.K.[6f#kt*ri]
n.ʣ
 fac.to.ries 
A building or group of buildings in which goods are manufactured; a plant.
쳧ƷĹţ
A vessel in which newly caught seafood is prepared for shipment and sale:
ҵӹ²ĺζװ˻۵Ĵ
a floating fish factory.
һӹ
A business establishment for commercial agents or factors in a foreign country.
̣ҵ̻˵һҵ
The source of prolific production:
쳡Դ
a group of singers who really were a hit-tune factory; an old house that served as an illegal drug factory.
ԴȪһ֣ǷƷһլ
?
Late Latin fact?a [oil press, mill] 
 fact?a [ӡ־] 
Medieval Latin fact?a [establishment for factors] 
 fact?a [] 
both from Latin factor [factor] * see  factor 
Դ  factor [Ӫ] *μ factor

= =
faculty
fac.ul.ty
AHD:[f2kl-t?] 
D.J.[6f#k*lti8]
K.K.[6f#k*lti]
n.ʣ
 fac.ul.ties д fac.
An inherent power or ability.
츳ܻ
Any of the powers or capacities possessed by the human mind.See Synonyms at ability 
ܣ˵еܲμ ability
The ability to perform or act.
ʵлж
Any of the divisions or comprehensive branches of learning at a college or university:
ѧԺѧѧԺķ֧ѧĹ㷺ķ֧
the faculty of law.
ѧԺ
The teachers and instructors within such a division.
ȫʦߵԺУ֧ȫʦʦ
A body of teachers.
ʦ
All of the members of a learned profession:
ѧרҵȫԱ
the medical faculty.
ȫҽѧԱ
Authorization granted by authority; conferred power.
ģȨȨȨȨȨ
Archaic An occupation; a trade.
 ְҵ
?
Middle English faculte 
йӢ faculte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin facult3s [power, ability] 
Դ  facult3s [ܡ] 
from facilis [easy] * see  dh?- 
Դ facilis [׵] *μ dh?- 

= =
fade
fade
AHD:[f3d] 
D.J.[fe!d]
K.K.[fed]
v.ʣ
fad.ed,fad.ing,fades 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim:
ˣʧȥȡȻԣģ
The lights and music faded as we set sail from the harbor.
ǴӺʱ𽥱䰵𽥼
To lose freshness; wither:
лʧȥʣή
summer flowers that had faded.
Ѿή˵ļĻ
To lose strength or vitality; wane:
˥ˣʧȥ˥
youthful energy that had faded over the years.
ʧഺĻ
To disappear gradually; vanish:
ʧʧ
a hope that faded.See Synonyms at disappear 
ʧȥϣμ disappear
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to lose brightness, freshness, or strength:
ʹɫʹʧȥȡʻ
Time has faded her beauty.
ʱʹഺʧ
Football To move back from the scrimmage line. Used of a quarterback.
 ߣߡʽķ
Games To meet the bet of (an opposing player) in dice.
Ϸ 롭ԶģܣṩĶע
n.ʣ
A gradual diminution in the brightness or visibility of an image in cinema or television.
룺Ӱӿɼͼʧ
A periodic reduction in the received strength of a radio transmission.
Ե˥ߵĴ͹УԼ
?
fade in
To appear gradually.
룺𽥳
To cause to appear or be heard gradually. Used of a cinematic or television image or of a sound.
ǿʹ𽥳ֻڵӰӵͼ
fade out
To disappear gradually.
ʧ
To cause to disappear gradually. Used of a cinematic or television image or of a sound.
ʹʧڵӰӵͼ
?
Middle English faden 
йӢ faden 
from Old French fader 
Դ ŷ fader 
from fade [faded] 
Դ fade [ή] 
probably from Vulgar Latin *fatidus 
Դ  *fatidus 
alteration of Latin fatuus [insipid] 
  fatuusı仯 [ûζ] 

= =
fail
fail
AHD:[f3l] 
D.J.[fe!l]
K.K.[fel]
v.ʣ
failed,fail.ing,fails 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To prove deficient or lacking; perform ineffectively or inadequately.
Ƿѣ֤򲻹򲻳
To be unsuccessful:
ʧܣɹ
a valiant attempt that failed.

To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum.
񣺴ﵽѧȼ޶
To prove insufficient in quantity or duration; give out:
þʱ֤Ϊ㣻꣺
The water supply failed during the drought.
ڸɺڹˮ
To fall short, as in what is expected of one:
δɣܴﵽģ
failed in her obligations to the family.
Լͥûо
To decline, as in strength or effectiveness:
˥ˣ
The patient's heart failed.
˵
To cease functioning properly:
ֹת
The engine failed.
泹ֹͣת
To become bankrupt or insolvent:
Ʋ
Our family business failed in 1929.
1929ǼƲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To disappoint or prove undependable to:
ʹʧ򲻿
Our sentries failed us.
ǵڱʧ
To abandon; forsake:

His strength failed him.
ɥʧ
To omit to perform (an expected duty, for example):
©δԶδɣ磬񣩣
We must . . . hold . . . those horrors up to the light of justice. Otherwise we would fail our inescapable obligation to the victims of Nazism: to remember(Anthony Lewis)
סǱ뽫Щ½ͥС򣬶ܷ˹Ⱥˣǽ޷ӦΡ(ᡤ˹)
To leave (something) undone; neglect:
£ĳ£ûꣻ
failed to wash the dishes.
ϴ
To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum in (a course, for example):
񣺴ﵽѧȼܽܵ޶ȣĳſγ̣
failed algebra twice.
β
To give such a grade of failure to (a student):
ѧ
failed me in algebra.
Ҵ
n.ʣ
Failure to deliver securities to a purchaser within a specified time.
֤ʧţδضʱڽ֤𽻸
Failure to receive the proceeds of a transaction, as in the sale of stock or securities, by a specified date.
ʧţڹƱѺƷ۳δڹ涨ڰ
?
without fail
With no chance of failure:
һضûʧܵĿܣ
Be here at noon without fail.
һʱ
?
Middle English failen 
йӢ failen 
from Old French faillir 
Դ ŷ faillir 
from Vulgar Latin *falloe 
Դ  *falloe 
variant of Latin fallere [to deceive] 
  fallereı [ƭ] 

= =
failure
fail.ure
AHD:[f3lyr] 
D.J.[6fe!lj*]
K.K.[6felj+]
n.ʣ
The condition or fact of not achieving the desired end or ends:
ʧܣûдﵽϣĿ״ʵ
the failure of an experiment.
ʧ
One that fails:
ʧܵˣ
a failure at one's career.
ҵʧܵ
The condition or fact of being insufficient or falling short:
㣺ò״ʵ
a crop failure.
ׯڼ
A cessation of proper functioning or performance:
ϣתжϣ
a power failure.

Nonperformance of what is requested or expected; omission:
УûҪϣģ
failure to report a change of address.
ûַ֪ͨ
The act or fact of failing to pass a course, a test, or an assignment.
δͨһſγ̡һԻһΪʵ
A decline in strength or effectiveness.
˥ˣ˥
The act or fact of becoming bankrupt or insolvent.
ƲƲΪʵ
?
Alteration of failer [default] 
 failerı仯 [ΥԼ] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old French faillir [to fail] * see  fail 
Դ ŷ faillir [ʧ] *μ fail

= =
faint
faint
AHD:[f3nt] 
D.J.[fe!nt]
K.K.[fent]
adj.ݴʣ
faint.er,faint.est 
Lacking strength or vigor; feeble.
˥ģȱģ˥
Lacking conviction, boldness, or courage; timid.
ȱģӵ
Lacking brightness:
ģȱȵģ
a faint light in the gloom.
΢ĵƹ
Lacking clarity or distinctness:
ģģȱȵģ
a faint recollection.
ģļ
Likely to fall into a faint; dizzy and weak:
Ƶģģ
felt faint for a moment.
Ȼε
n.ʣ
An abrupt, usually brief loss of consciousness, generally associated with failure of normal blood circulation.See Synonyms at blackout 
ʣͻȻġݵɥʧ֪ͨѪҺѭйزμ blackout
v.intr.ﶯʣ
faint.ed,faint.ing,faints 
To fall into a usually brief state of unconsciousness.
ʣʧȥ֪״̬
Archaic To weaken in purpose or spirit.
 ɥʧ
?
Middle English [deceitful, cowardly] 
йӢ [թģС] 
from Old French [past participle of] feindre [to feign] * see  feign 
Դ ŷ  [] feindreĹȥִ [װ] *μ feign
?
fainter
n.ʣ
faintly
adv.ʣ
faintness
n.ʣ

= =
fair
fair 1
AHD:[far] 
D.J.[fe*]
K.K.[fWr]
adj.ݴʣ
fair.er,fair.est 
Of pleasing appearance, especially because of a pure or fresh quality; comely.
ģģָΪഺصģ
Light in color, especially blond:
ɫģɫģָɫģ
fair hair.

Of light complexion:
ɫǳģ
fair skin.
Ƥ
Free of clouds or storms; clear and sunny:
ʵģƺͷģʵģ
fair skies.
ʵ
Free of blemishes or stains; clean and pure:
ģ覵Ļ۵ģɾʹģ
one's fair name.
׵
Promising; likely:
ϣģܵģ
We're in a fair way to succeed.
Ǻܻܿɹ
Having or exhibiting a disposition that is free of favoritism or bias; impartial:
ƽģлֳƫ̻Ļƫģƽģ
a fair mediator.
ٲ
Just to all parties; equitable:
ģƽȵģԸƽԴģƽģ
a compromise that is fair to both factions.
һɶƽЭ
Being in accordance with relative merit or significance:
ģصŵҪƵģ
She wanted to receive her fair share of the proceeds.
ӮеõӦõķݶ
Consistent with rules, logic, or ethics:
˵ģϹ߼Ϊ׼
a fair tactic.
˵Ĳ
Moderately good; mildly satisfying:
ͨģȽϺãȽģ
gave only a fair performance of the sonata.
һαȽϺõݳ
Superficially true or appealing; specious:
ƺģòʵģòģ
Don't trust his fair promises.
Ҫòʵŵ
Lawful to hunt or attack:
ϷԻϮģ
fair game.
ı
Archaic Free of all obstacles.
 ϰ
adv.ʣ
In a proper or legal manner:
أʵĻϷķʽ
playing fair.
ش
Directly; straight:
ֱӵأ
a blow caught fair in the stomach.
һ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
faired,fair.ing,fairs 
To join (pieces) so as to be smooth, even, or regular:
ƽʹ⻬ƽӣ֣
faired the aircraft's wing into the fuselage.
ѻڻ
n.ʣ
Archaic A beautiful or beloved woman.
 ƯĻİŮ
Obsolete Loveliness; beauty.
 Ů
?
fair off  
fair up ϲ
To become clear. Used of weather.
磺侦
?
fair and square
Just and honest.
ʵ
for fair
To the greatest or fullest extent possible:
ܵģ
Our team was beaten for fair in that tournament.
Ƕǳб״
no fair
Something contrary to the rules:
Υ棺
That was no fair.
ǲƽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?ger [lovely, pleasant] 
Դ Ӣ f?ger [ɰģ] 
?
fairness
n.ʣ
?
fair,just,equitable,impartial,unprejudiced,unbiased,objective,dispassionate
These adjectives mean free from favoritism, self-interest, or bias in judgment.
Щݴʱʾƫ̻˽жƫ
 Fair  is the most general: 
 Fair  ձģ 
a fair referee;
ƽĲԱ
a fair deal;
ƽף
a fair fight;
ƽս
on a fair footing.
λƽȡ
Just   stresses conformity with what is legally or ethically right or proper: 
Just  ǿ뷨ɻ׼ᳫһ£ 
a kind and just man;
һλơˣ
a just and lasting peace (Abraham Lincoln).
־õĺƽ ǲֿϣ
 Equitable  also implies justice, but justice dictated by reason, conscience, and a natural sense of what is fair to all concerned: 
 Equitable  Ҳй˼ǿǡĺͨ̿ǺȻóĹ 
an equitable distribution of gifts among the children.
ƽظǷַ
Impartial  emphasizes lack of favoritism: 
Impartial  ǿƫ̻ 
the cold neutrality of an impartial judge (Edmund Burke).
ƫеķٱĮ ɡˣ
 Unprejudiced  means without favorable or unfavorable preconceived opinions or judgments: 
 Unprejudiced  ʾûԤγƫû뷨У 
an unprejudiced evaluation of the arguments for and against the proposal.
޳ɺͷԼƻ۾ݡ
Unbiased  implies absence of the preference or inclination inhibiting impartiality: 
Unbiased  ǿƫƫ 
gave an unbiased account of her family problems.
ƫļͥ⡣
Objective  implies detachment that permits observation and judgment without undue reference to one's personal feelings or thoughts: 
Objective  ָ͹۵ع۲죬һи˸顢ƫ޹أ 
Try to be objective as you listen to the testimony.
֤ʱһҪ͹ۡ
Dispassionate  means free from or unaffected by strong personal emotions: 
Dispassionate  ûлܸǿӰ죺 
A journalist should be a dispassionate reporter of fact. See also Synonyms at  average ,beautiful 
ӦǶʵ侲 μͬ average,beautiful
?
American folk speech puts Standard English to shame in its wealth of words for describing weather conditions.When the weather goes from fair to cloudy,New Englanders say that it's 
breedin' up a storm (Maine informant in theLinguistic Atlas of New England ). If the weather is clear, however,a New Englander might call itopen.  Southernfair off  and fair up,  
meaning to become clear, were originally Northeastern terms and were brought to the South as settlement expanded southward and westward.They are now regionalized to the 
South, according to Craig M. Carver, author ofAmerican Regional Dialects.  These phrases may be the origin of modern and less regional coinings,such asmild up,  used on a 
television weather forecast: The Southwest is beginning to mild up just a tad.
Զ״дӦоеĵʹ׼ӢȻʧɫתʱӢ˻˵һꡱӢѧͼ Ϣṩߣ 
ƵģӢҲ˵open  ϲfair off  fair up ʾķ磬 Դڶ󱻴ϲΪ̶÷ݿ׸M
 ˵ѡϷˡ ЩִپߵԵĴʾԴmild up ڵԤ Ͻůһ㡱
?
The history of the wordfair  illustrates how words can weaken in meaning over time. In Old English the ancestor offair, f?ger,  had senses such as lovely, beautiful, pleasant, 
agreeable, a far cry from our modern sense mildly good or satisfying.The Old English senses passed into Middle English,where the wordfair  started to take a slight turn in the 
direction already alluded to.  Fair  could mean highly to be approved of, splendid, good,but it could also be used ironically,as in Chaucer's observation after a horse threw the Cook 
on the pilgrimage to Canterbury:that was a fair feat of horsemanship by the Cook.This ironic use was probably not responsible for the semantic weakening offair,  but it shows how a 
positive word can have its meaning reversed.The weakening offair  was most likely caused by the determined optimism which led to the use of fair  . . . rather than direct expression 
of discontent,in the words of George H. McKnight.One might add as another cause the desire to avoid hurting other people's feelings.
fair ʷµŵʵ ڹӢfairf?ger ǡɰģƯģġ ڵġȽϺûġྶͥӢﴫӢ
ʱfair ѿʼķ΢Сת䡣  Fair  Ա߶ģԻ͵ģõģҲز׳ʥ;ƿˤʱǶ˹۵
ǿƿ˾տַ֡÷Ҳfair ѧϵûϵ һĵʿԱ˼ȫ෴fair ̶ܴԵڡֹ
嵼 fair ÷ı䣬 ֱӱﲻ˼κաۡǿԭ˺˵ĸ
?
fair
fair 2
AHD:[far] 
D.J.[fe*]
K.K.[fWr]
n.ʣ
A gathering held at a specified time and place for the buying and selling of goods; a market.
Уضʱ͵صչƷļ᣻г
An exhibition, as of farm products or manufactured goods, usually accompanied by various competitions and entertainments:
᣺ũƷֹղƷչͨоԺԣ
a state fair.
Ҳ
An exhibition intended to inform people about a product or business opportunity:
չ᣺Ϊ˽ĳƷ֪ҵϢõչ
a computer fair; a job fair.
չ᣻ְҵ
An event, usually for the benefit of a charity or public institution, including entertainment and the sale of goods; a bazaar:
ͨΪĿĻڻеĻ֡Ʒ
a church fair.
г
?
Middle English faire 
йӢ faire 
from Old French feire 
Դ ŷ feire 
from Late Latin f?a 
Դ  f?a 
sing. of Latin f?e [holidays] * see  dh?s- 
  f? [] *μ dh?s- 

= =
fairly
fair.ly
AHD:[farl?] 
D.J.[6fe*li8]
K.K.[6fWrli]
adv.ʣ
In a fair or just manner; equitably.
أƽػأƽȵ
Legitimately; suitably.
Ϸأʵ
Clearly; distinctly.
ɾأ
Actually; fully:
ȷеأȫأ
The walls fairly shook with their bellowing.
ǵĺмֱǽ
Moderately; rather:
൱أ൱
a fairly good dinner.
൱õһ
To a reasonable degree:
ʵĳ̶ȣ
I was fairly sure that I would go to the party.
Һܿȥμ
Obsolete 
 
Gently.
º͵
Courteously.
ò

= =
faith
faith
AHD:[f3th] 
D.J.[fe!G]
K.K.[feG]
n.ʣ
Confident belief in the truth, value, or trustworthiness of a person, an idea, or a thing.
ΣֵˡȷʵԵļᶨƵ
Belief that does not rest on logical proof or material evidence.See Synonyms at belief See Synonyms at trust 
ǻ߼֤ļᶨμ beliefμ trust
Loyalty to a person or thing; allegiance:
ҳϣ˻¾ҳϣЧң
keeping faith with one's supporters.
֧ҳ
Often Faith Theology The theological virtue defined as secure belief in God and a trusting acceptance of God's will.
  Faith ѧ ڽᶨŷϵۺҳϵĽϵ۵ּڽ̹
The body of dogma of a religion:
ڽ̽壺
the Moslem faith.
˹ֽ
A set of principles or beliefs.
һ
?
in faith
Indeed; truly.
أʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman fed 
Դ Ӣ fed 
from Latin fid?s * see  bheidh- 
Դ  fid?s *μ bheidh- 

= =
faithful
faith.ful
AHD:[f3thfl] 
D.J.[6fe!Gf*l]
K.K.[6feGf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Adhering firmly and devotedly, as to a person, a cause, or an idea; loyal.
ĵģˡ۵ԼᶨЧҵģҳϵ
Having or full of faith.
ĵ
Worthy of trust or belief; reliable.
ŵģɿģֵλģ
Consistent with truth or actuality:
ʵģʵʵһµģ
a faithful reproduction of the portrait.
뻭һµĸƷ
n.ʣ
 faithful  faith.fuls  
The practicing members of a religious faith, especially of Christianity or Islam:
ͽְҵͽָ̻˹ͽ
a pilgrimage to Mecca made by the faithful.
ͽǰӳʥ;
A steadfast adherent of a faith or cause:
ҳϷӣҵļᶨƣ
a meeting of the party faithful.
ԵЧҵľۻ
?
faithfully
adv.ʣ
faithfulness
n.ʣ
?
faithful,loyal,true,constant,fast,steadfast,staunch
These adjectives mean adhering firmly and devotedly to someone or something, such as a person, cause, or duty, that elicits or demands one's fidelity.
ݴʶжˡ£ˡҵεȼᶨҳϵ˼
 Faithful   andloyal  both suggest undeviating attachment; the words are often interchangeable,thoughloyal  is the term more often applied to political allegiance:  
 Faithful  loyal жԸꣻ ʿԻloyal ǿϵľЧң  
a faithful employee;
ЧҵĹԱ
gave faithful service;
ṩҳϵķ
a loyal companion;
ҳϵĻ飻
a loyal citizen.
Ĺ
True  implies steadiness, sincerity, and reliability: 
True  мᶨҳϺ˼ 
I would be true, for there are those who trust me (Howard Arnold Walter).
һҳϣΪЩҵ˵Ĵڡ ¡ŵ¡ֶأ
 Constant  stresses uniformity and invariability: 
 Constant  ǿԺͲɱԣ 
But I am constant as the northern star (Shakespeare).
 һ񱱼һҡ ɯʿǣ
 Fast  suggests loyalty that is not easily deflected: 
 Fast  ʾҳϲ׸ı䣺 
fast friends.
ʵѡ
Steadfast  strongly implies fixed, unswerving loyalty: 
Steadfast  ǿ 
a steadfast ally.
̶ˡ
Staunch   even more strongly suggests unshakable attachment or allegiance: 
Staunch  ǿҡҳϣ 
He lived and died a staunch loyalist (Harriet Beecher Stowe).
һЧҵıʵˡ ءᡤʷУ

= =
fake
fake 1
AHD:[f3k] 
D.J.[fe!k]
K.K.[fek]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a false or misleading appearance; fraudulent.
ٵģмٵĻ󵼵ģʵ
n.ʣ
One that is not authentic or genuine; a sham.
ðƻٵĻðˡƷ
Sports A brief feint or aborted change of direction intended to mislead one's opponent or the opposing team.
˶ ٶһݵļٵĻδɵĸı䣬󵼶ֻԷ
v.ʣ
faked,fak.ing,fakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To contrive and present as genuine; counterfeit.
α죺Ϊƺͽܣα
To simulate; feign.See Synonyms at pretend 
ģ£װμ pretend
Music To improvise (a passage).
֡ ࣨһΣ
Sports To deceive (an opponent) with a fake.
˶ ٶԼٶƭԷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in feigning, simulation, or other deceptive activity.
ٻα졢ģ»ƭ
Sports To perform a fake.
˶ ٶ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
fake
fake 2
AHD:[f3k] 
D.J.[fe!k]
K.K.[fek]
n.ʣ
One loop or winding of a coiled rope or cable.
һһӻ˿һȦһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
faked,fak.ing,fakes 
To coil (a rope or cable).
ӻ
?
Middle English faken [to coil a rope] 
йӢ faken [] 

= =
false
false
AHD:[f?ls] 
D.J.[f%8ls]
K.K.[f%ls]
adj.ݴʣ
fals.er,fals.est 
Contrary to fact or truth:
αģٵģʵ෴ģ
false tales of bravery.
ʵӢ¹
Deliberately untrue:
ٵģ
delivered false testimony under oath.
ĺ֤
Arising from mistaken ideas:
Ӵ۵ģ
false hopes of writing a successful novel.
ϣдһɹС˵
Intentionally deceptive:
ƭģ
a suitcase with a false bottom; false promises.
мٵ׵Ƥ䣻ƭŵ
Not keeping faith; treacherous:
ģҳϵģ
a false friend.See Synonyms at faithless 
Ѳμ faithless
Not genuine or real:
ٵģģ
false teeth; false documents.
αļ
Erected temporarily, as for support during construction.
ʱװȥģΪ֧Ŷʱ
Resembling but not accurately or properly designated as such:
ƺģƵĵǾȷʵرģ磺
a false thaw in January; the false dawn peculiar to the tropics.
һ±ѩڻȴеļ
Music Of incorrect pitch.
֡ ϵ
Unwise; imprudent:
ģ³çģ
Don't make a false move or I'll shoot.
Ҷҿǹ
adv.ʣ
In a treacherous or faithless manner:
أҵأĻҵ̬ȣ
play a person false.
˲ʵ
?
Middle English fals 
йӢ fals 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin falsus [from past participle of] fallere [to deceive] 
Դ  falsus  [] ԴfallereĹȥִ [ƭ] 
?
falsely
adv.ʣ
falseness
n.ʣ

= =
fame
fame
AHD:[f3m] 
D.J.[fe!m]
K.K.[fem]
n.ʣ
Great renown:

a concert violinist of international fame.
С
Public estimation; reputation:

a politician of ill fame.
ɨصμ
Archaic Rumor.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
famed,fam.ing,fames 
To make renowned or famous.
ʹ
Archaic To report to be.
 ʢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin f3a * see  bh3- 2
Դ  f3a *μ bh3- 2

= =
familiar
fa.mil.iar
AHD:[f-m1lyr] 
D.J.[f*6m!lj*]
K.K.[f*6m!lj+]
adj.Abbr. fam.ݴʣд fam.
Often encountered or seen; common.
ͨģĻģͨ
Having fair knowledge; acquainted:
֪ģͨģ
was familiar with those roads.
֪Щ·
Of established friendship; intimate:
ܵģȹ̵ꣻģ
on familiar terms.
ϵ
Natural and unstudied; informal:
Ȼģʽģ
lectured in a familiar style.
ݽȻ
Taking undue liberties; presumptuous:
ģðģ
Students should not try to be familiar in their behavior toward an instructor.
ѧʦǰӦֹ
Familial.
ͥ
Domesticated; tame. Used of animals.
ѱģģѱġڶ
n.Abbr. fam.ʣд fam.
A close friend or associate.
ѣܵѻ
An attendant spirit, often taking animal form.
ػ飺һְ飬ͨڶ
One who performs domestic service in the household of a high official.
ۣ߼ԱͥĳԱ
A person who frequents a place.
ͣĳص
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French familier 
Դ ŷ familier 
from Latin famili3s [domestic] 
Դ  famili3s [ͥ] 
from familia [family] * see  family 
Դ familia [ͥ] *μ family
?
familiarly
adv.ʣ
?
familiar,close,intimate,confidential,chummy
These adjectives describe relationships marked by intimacy.
Щݴʱʾϵ׽
 Familiar  implies an easy, often informal association based on frequent contact or shared interests: 
 Familiar  ָ㣬ָʶڻȤ 
a familiar song;
ͬ͵ĸ
a familiar guest.
ܵĿˡ
Close  implies strong emotional attachment: 
Close  ǿҵİĽ 
close friendship;
ѣ
close to my brothers and sisters.
ֵܽü޼䡣
Intimate   suggests bonds of affection or understanding resulting from the sharing of interests, problems, and experiences: 
Intimate  ǿڹȤͬѻϽĸϵйϵ 
intimate friends;
ѣ
on an intimate footing.
ů֮ء
Confidential   suggests closeness founded on trust: 
Confidential  ǿεĻϣ 
the prime minister's confidential secretary.
ֵ顣
Chummy   implies the comfortable, casual sociability shared by close friends: 
Chummy  ָѼġȶġ¸Ľ飺 
The bartender was chummy with the regular customers. See also Synonyms at  common 
ưдԱǽΪ μͬ common

= =
family
fam.i.ly
AHD:[f2m-l?, f2ml?] 
D.J.[6f#m*li8, 6f#mli8]
K.K.[6f#m*li, 6f#mli]
n.ʣ
 fam.i.lies д fam.
A fundamental social group in society typically consisting of a man and woman and their offspring.
ͥȺ֯͵ˡŮ˺ǵĺ
Two or more people who share goals and values, have long-term commitments to one another, and reside usually in the same dwelling place.
ͬסˣйͬĿͼֵˣͨڹͬβͨסһ
All the members of a household under one roof.
ˣͬסһҵļͥԱ
A group of persons sharing common ancestry.See Usage Note at collective noun 
壺ӵͬһȵ˲μ collective noun
Lineage, especially distinguished lineage.
ţָͥļ
A locally independent organized crime unit, as of the Cosa Nostra.
壺طԵĶﷸֵ֯
A group of like things; a class.
壺һȺƵһ
A group of individuals derived from a common stock:
ͬһࣺӹͬȷչһ壺
the family of human beings.
һ
Biology A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below an order and above a genus. A family usually consists of several genera.See table at taxonomy 
ѧ ƣ֯ķһȼ֮ϣ֮¡ͨɼɲμ taxonomy
Linguistics A group of languages descended from the same parent language, such as the Indo-European language family.
ѧ ϵͬһ崫µԣӡŷϵ
Mathematics A set of functions or surfaces that can be generated by varying the parameters of a general equation.
ѧ 壺ͨıһʽĲγɵĺ
Chemistry A group of elements with similar chemical properties.
ѧ ͬ壺ԵһԪ
Chemistry A vertical column in the periodic table of elements.
ѧ 壺ڱе
adj.ݴʣ
Of or having to do with a family:
ͥģͥйصģ
family problems.
ͥ
Being suitable for a family:
ʺȫҵģ
family movies.
ʺȫһ𿴵ĵӰ
?
Middle English familie 
йӢ familie 
from Latin familia [household, servants of a household] 
Դ  familia [] 
from famulus [servant] 
Դ famulus [] 

= =
famine
fam.ine
AHD:[f2m1n] 
D.J.[6f#m!n]
K.K.[6f#m!n]
n.ʣ
A drastic, wide-reaching food shortage.
ģʳصģձĶȱ
A drastic shortage; a dearth.
ȱ
Severe hunger; starvation.
ȼ
Archaic Extreme appetite.
 ˵ʳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from faim [hunger] 
Դ faim [] 
from Latin fam?s 
Դ  fam?s 

= =
famous
fa.mous
AHD:[f3ms] 
D.J.[6fe!m*s]
K.K.[6fem*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Well or widely known.See Synonyms at noted 
ģܳĲμ noted
Informal First-rate; excellent:
ʽ һģõģ
had a famous old time at the party.
úܸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin f3?sus} 
Դ  f3?sus} 
from f3a [fame] * see  bh3- 2
Դ f3a [] *μ bh3- 2
?
famously
adv.ʣ
famousness
n.ʣ

= =
fan
fan 1
AHD:[f2n] 
D.J.[f#n]
K.K.[f#n]
n.ʣ
A device for creating a current of air or a breeze, especially:
֮ܲһܲ΢װ
A machine using an electric motor to rotate thin, rigid vanes in order to move air, as for cooling.
ȣһõҼ̵ֵĻʹɢ
A collapsible, usually wedge-shaped device made of a light material such as silk, paper, or plastic.
ӣһֿ۵ͨΪεװãԭ˿ֽϹ
A machine for winnowing.
Ȼ
Something resembling an open fan in shape:
״񳨿ӵĶ
a peacock's fan.
ȸ
v.ʣ
fanned,fan.ning,fans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move or cause a current of (air) with or as if with a fan.
ȣӻȶ
To direct a current of air or a breeze upon, especially in order to cool:
ȶ򡭴΢ָΪȴ
fan one's face.
ĳ˵ȷ
To stir (something) up by or as if by fanning:
ɿӻӰɿ
fanned the flames in the fireplace; an otherwise quiet employee who fanned resentment among her colleagues.
ѻɿһƳĬְԱͬ¼ɿ޵Ļ
To open (something) out into the shape of a fan:
չչ
The bird fanned its colorful tail.
չʵβ
To fire (an automatic gun) in a continuous sweep by keeping one's finger on the trigger.
۰ֳסԶǹɨ
To fire (a nonautomatic gun) rapidly by chopping the hammer with the palm.
ٻͨѸٰ⶯ײǹԶǹ
To winnow.

Baseball To strike out (a batter).
 ʹ֣˳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spread out like a fan:
Σһչ
The troops fanned out in a northerly direction.
ɢ
Baseball To strike out.
 
?
Middle English [winnowing fan] 
йӢ [Ȼ] 
from Old English fann 
Դ Ӣ fann 
from Latin vannus * see  wet- 1
Դ  vannus *μ wet- 1
?
fan
fan 2
AHD:[f2n] 
D.J.[f#n]
K.K.[f#n]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
An ardent devotee; an enthusiast.
ԣǿҵȰߣȰ
?
Short for fanatic 
 fanaticļд

= =
fancy
fan.cy
AHD:[f2ns?] 
D.J.[6f#nsi8]
K.K.[6f#nsi]
n.ʣ
 fan.cies 
The mental faculty through which whims, visions, and fantasies are summoned up; imagination, especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature.See Synonyms at imagination 
ǻܣܲ뷨롢ָ쿪ԵĲμ imagination
An image or a fantastic invention created by the mind.
ĲԲ龰뷨
A capricious notion; a whim.
룺޳Ĺ룻ͷ
A capricious liking or inclination.
һʱİã޳İû
Critical sensibility; taste.
Ʒζ
Amorous or romantic attachment; love.
ĻİĽ
The enthusiasts or fans of a sport or pursuit considered as a group.
˶ԣΪһİ˶
The sport or pursuit, such as boxing, engaging the interest of such a group.
˶ã˶ȭߵע
adj.ݴʣ
fan.ci.er,fan.ci.est 
Highly decorated:
װεģ
a fancy hat.
ñ
Arising in the fancy; capricious.
ģ
Executed with skill; complex or intricate:
ؼģ輼ɵģӵĻѶģ
the fancy footwork of a figure skater.
ĽŲ
Abbr. fcy.Of superior grade; fine:
д fcy.ģõģ
fancy preserves.
ʵ۽
Excessive or exorbitant:
ģģ
paid a fancy price for the car.
Թߵļ۸һ
Bred for unusual qualities or special points.
رģΪһĳһص
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fan.cied,fan.cy.ing,fan.cies 
To visualize; imagine:
룻
She tried to fancy what the flame of a candle looks like after the candle is blown out(Lewis Carroll)
򱻴ͼӡ(˹޶)
To take a fancy to; like.See Synonyms at like 1
ϲϲμ like1
To suppose; guess.
룻²
?
From Middle English fantsy [imagination, fantasy] 
Դ йӢ fantsy [󣬻] 
from fantasie * see  fantasy 
Դ fantasie *μ fantasy
?
fancily
adv.ʣ
fanciness
n.ʣ

= =
fantastic
fan.tas.tic
AHD:[f2n-t2st1k]  Ҳ fan.tas.ti.cal [-t1-kl] 
D.J.[f#n6t#st!k] Ҳ fan.tas.ti.cal [-t!k*l]
K.K.[f#n6t#st!k] Ҳ fan.tas.ti.cal [-t!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Quaint or strange in form, conception, or appearance.
ֵģʽԳĻֵ
Unrestrainedly fanciful; extravagant:
ģǷ֮룻õģ
fantastic hopes.
쿪
Bizarre, as in form or appearance; strange:
ģŹֵģʽϻϣֵģ
fantastic attire; fantastic behavior.
ֵķװŹֵľֹ
Based on or existing only in fantasy; unreal:
õģֻдڵģʵģ
fantastic ideas about her own superiority.
ԼصԽ
Wonderful or superb; remarkable:
õģĻ򼫺õģģ
a fantastic trip to Europe.
õŷ֮
n.ʣ
An eccentric person.
Źֵ
?
Middle English fantastik [imagined] 
йӢ fantastik [] 
from Old French fantastique 
Դ ŷ fantastique 
from Late Latin phantasticus [imaginary] 
Դ  phantasticus [] 
from Greek phantastikos [able to create mental images] 
Դ ϣ phantastikos [] 
from phantazesthai [to appear] * see  fantasy 
Դ phantazesthai [] *μ fantasy
?
fantasticality
AHD:[-t1-k2l1-t?] ʣ
fantastically
adv.ʣ
fantasticalness
n.ʣ
?
fantastic,bizarre,grotesque,fanciful,exotic
These adjectives apply to what is very strange or strikingly unusual.
Щݴʶзǳֻƽ˼
 Fantastic  in this comparison describes what seems to have slight relation to the real world because of its strangeness or extravagance: 
 Fantastic  Ƚ֮ʵԶ˼ 
fantastic imaginary beasts such as the unicorn.
Ұޣޡ
Bizarre   stresses oddness of character or appearance that is heightened by striking contrasts and incongruities and that shocks or fascinates: 
Bizarre  ǿͨǿҶԱȺͲЭͻĹ춫 
a bizarre art nouveau fa?ade.

Grotesque   refers principally to appearance or aspect in which deformity and distortion approach the point of caricature or even absurdity: 
Grotesque  Ҫָۻλδﵽ˷ĵز 
rainspouts terminating in gargoyles and other grotesque creatures.
ˮ״ˮڡ
Fanciful   applies to a character, nature, or design strongly influenced by imagination, caprice, or whimsy: 
Fanciful  ָȻͼ󡢻ǿӰ죺 
a fanciful pattern with intertwined vines and flowers. Somethingexotic is unusual and intriguing in appearance or effect:  
ɲٺͻɵͼ Exotic ӡϲƽ˵ģ  
exotic birds. 
 

= =
fantasy
fan.ta.sy
AHD:[f2nt-s?, -z?] 
D.J.[6f#nt*si8, -zi8]
K.K.[6f#nt*si, -zi]
n.ʣ
 fan.ta.sies 
The creative imagination; unrestrained fancy.See Synonyms at imagination 
ƵĻμ imagination
Something, such as an invention, that is a creation of the fancy.
ĲĲһ鹹Ĺ
A capricious or fantastic idea; a conceit.
õ뷨ױĻ뷨
Fiction characterized by highly fanciful or supernatural elements.
ƻС˵Ը߶ȻΪС˵
An example of such fiction.
Ʒ
An imagined event or sequence of mental images, such as a daydream, usually fulfilling a wish or psychological need.
룬룺õ£ΣͨԸҪ
Music See  fantasia 
֡ μ  fantasia 
A coin issued especially by a questionable authority and not intended for use as currency.
ʽĻңͨͨģָĵַеӲ
Obsolete A hallucination.
 þ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fan.ta.sied,fan.ta.sy.ing,fan.ta.sies 
To imagine; visualize.

?
Middle English fantasie, fantsy 
йӢ fantasie, fantsy 
from Old French fantasie 
Դ ŷ fantasie 
from Latin phantasia 
Դ  phantasia 
from Greek [appearance, imagination] 
Դ ϣ [֣] 
from phantazesthai [to appear] 
Դ phantazesthai [] 
from phantos [visible] 
Դ phantos [ɼ] 
from phainesthai [to appear] * see  bh3- 1
Դ phainesthai [] *μ bh3- 1

= =
far
far
AHD:[f?r] 
D.J.[f$8]
K.K.[f$r]
adv.ʣ
far.ther[f?rYr]   fur.ther [f?rYr] far.thest[f?rY1st]   fur.thest [f?rY1st]  
To, from, or at considerable distance:
Զһ൱ľ룺
a cat that had strayed far from home.
һֻѾʧԶè
To or at a specific distance, degree, or position:
һضľ룺ĳһضľ롢̶Ȼλã
Just how far are you taking this argument?
㾿Ҫ۵ʲô̶?
To a considerable degree; much:
൱أ൱ĳ̶ȣࣺܶ
felt far better yesterday; eyes that seemed far too close together.
оöˣֻ۾
Not at all; anything but:
һҲ
seems far from content; a test of strength that was far from a failure.
һҲ⣻̸ʧܵ
To an advanced point or stage:
һĽ׶Σǰһ̶ȣ
a brilliant student who will go far.
зչĴѧ
adj.ݴʣ
farther  further farthest  furthest  
Being at considerable distance; remote:
ңԶģƫƧģ
a far country.
ңԶĹ
Going back a considerable extent in time:
׷ݹȥ
the far past.See Synonyms at distant 
ңԶĴǰμ distant
More distant than another:
ԶģнԶһ
the far corner.
ԶĽ
Extensive or lengthy:
ģԶ򳤾ģ
a far trek.
Զ
Far-seeing and comprehensive in thought or outlook:
Զģ˼Զģ
a commander of far vision.
Զ˾
Marked by political views of the most advanced or extreme nature:
˵ģйصļ˵ι۵㣺
the far right; the far left.
ң
Being on the right side of an animal or a vehicle.
ұߣڶұ
Being the animal or vehicle on the right.
ұߵĶ
?
as far as
To or at a specific point, degree, or extent:
Զһֱڣĳһ㡢̶ȻΧ
They will arrive at nine, as far as we know.
Ŀǰ֪ǽھŵӵ
by far
To the most extreme or evident degree:
ȻＫΪԵĳ̶ȣ
She is by far the best executive in the company.
Ŀǰǹ˾Ϊľ
far and away
By a great margin:
̶ܴϣ
That made him, far and away, the best known of the Democrats who started the presidential race this year(Tom Wicker)
ʹɳΪ꿪ʼͳѡԱ(ķ)
far cry
A long way:
Զ룺
The climate in Alaska is a far cry from that of Florida.
˹Զ
how far
To what degree, distance, or extent:
Զĳ̶ȣĳ̶ȡΧ
didn't know how far to believe them; tried to decide how far she could ski in such cold.
֪Ƕ٣žܻԶ
so far
Up to the present moment:
Ϊֹ
So far there's been no word from them.
ûǵϢ
To a limited extent:
һ޵ĳ̶ȣ
You can go only so far on five dollars.
㶥໨Ԫ
thus far
Up to this point; so far:
ʹ˶ԣΪֹ
Our success has been limited thus far.
ʹ˶ԣǵĳɹ޵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English feor * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ feor *μ per 1

= =
fare
fare
AHD:[far] 
D.J.[fe*]
K.K.[fWr]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
fared,far.ing,fares 
To get along:
У
How are you faring with your project?
ļƻ?
To travel; go.
Ун
To dine; eat.
ʳ
n.ʣ
A transportation charge, as for a bus.
ѣͨã˹
A passenger transported for a fee.
˿ͣѳͨÿ
Food and drink; diet:
ʳϣʳ
simple home-cooked fare.
򵥵ļҳ
?
Middle English faren 
йӢ faren 
from Old English faran * see  per- 2
Դ Ӣ faran *μ per- 2
?
farer
n.ʣ

= =
farewell
fare.well
AHD:[far-wl] 
D.J.[fe*6wel]
K.K.[fWr6wWl]
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express good-bye.
ټڸ
n.ʣ
An acknowledgment at parting; a good-bye.
ʱĻټ
The act of departing.
ʱж
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
a farewell party; a farewell glance.
᣻ʱһƳ
?
Middle English fare wel 
йӢ fare wel 
[imperative of] faren [to fare] * see  fare 
 [] farenʹ [չ] *μ fare
wel [well] * see  well 2
wel [] *μ well2
?
Farewell
Fare.well
AHD:[far-wl, farwl] Cape
D.J.[fe*6wel, 6fe*7wel]Cape
K.K.[fWr6wWl, 6fWr7wWl]Cape
NONE޴ԣ
The southernmost point of Greenland.
ѶΤǣ϶

= =
farm
farm
AHD:[f?rm] 
D.J.[f$8m]
K.K.[f$rm]
n.ʣ
A tract of land cultivated for the purpose of agricultural production.
ũһƬũҵƷ
A tract of land devoted to the raising and breeding of domestic animals.
ι
An area of water devoted to the raising, breeding, or production of a specific aquatic animal:
ˮֳһЩˮֳιһƬˮأ
a trout farm; an oyster farm.
ֳĵֳ
An area of land devoted to the storage of a commodity or the emplacement of a group of devices:
һڴŻó豸ĳأ
a tank farm; an antenna farm.
̹λأ߰ó
Baseball A minor-league club affiliated with a major-league club for the training of recruits and the maintenance of temporarily unneeded players.
 ֻ᣺һ߼ϻֲСϻֲ为ѵ³ԱͱʱҪĶԱ
Obsolete 
 
The system of leasing out the rights of collecting and retaining taxes in a certain district.
˰ƶȣһպͱ˰Ȩϵͳ
A district so leased.
˰ĵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ũͨһʣ
farm machinery; farm buildings; farm policy.
ũũ᣻ũҵ
v.ʣ
farmed,farm.ing,farms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cultivate or produce a crop on.
ֲ֣
To pay a fixed sum in order to have the right to collect and retain profits from (a business, for example).
а̶֧Ȩӣҵռͱ
To turn over (a business, for example) to another in return for the payment of a fixed sum.
תã⣩һλȡ̶Ϊر
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in farming.
Ӫũ
?
farm out
To send (work, for example) from a central point to be done elsewhere.
繤ĵͳطȥ
Baseball To assign (a player) to a minor-league team.
 ɣһԱɵСϻֲ
?
Middle English [lease, leased property] 
йӢ [⣬Ĳ] 
from Old French ferme 
Դ ŷ ferme 
from Medieval Latin firma [fixed payment] 
Դ  firma [̶] 
from Latin firm3e [to establish] 
Դ  firm3e [] 
from firmus [firm] * see  dher- 
Դ firmus [˾] *μ dher- 

= =
farmer
farm.er
AHD:[f?rmr] 
D.J.[6f$8m*]
K.K.[6f$rm+]
n.ʣ
One who works on or operates a farm.
ũũӪũ
One who has paid for the right to collect and retain certain revenues or profits.
аˣ֧ȡռͱһȨ
?
Farmer
Far.mer
AHD:[f?rmr] Fannie Merritt (1857-1915) 
D.J.[6f$8m*]
K.K.[6f$rm+]
NONE޴ԣ
American cookery expert who edited theBoston Cooking School Cook Book  (1896), which has undergone many revisions as the Fannie Farmer Cookbook.  
Ĭݡ÷أ(1857-1915) רңСʿѧУ⿽̿顷 1896꣩޶Ϊ ũ⿡  
?
Farmer
FarmerJames Leonard (Born 1920)
NONE޴ԣ
American civil rights leader who founded the Congress of Racial Equality (1942), served as its national director (1961-1966), and advocated nonviolent forms of protest.
Ĭղķ˹ɵ£( 1920) Ȩ쵼ˣƽȴ(1942꣩δĶ(1961-1966꣩ڷǱֿ
?
Farmer
FarmerMoses Gerrish (1820-1893)
NONE޴ԣ
American electrical pioneer who invented an incandescent lamp (1859) and a dynamo (1866) and with them electrically lit a house (1868).
ĬĦʲ(1820-1893) ѧ˰׳(1859꣩һ̨(1866꣩ǹ(1868꣩

= =
farther
far.ther
AHD:[f?rYr] ÷ѡ 
D.J.[6f$8H*]
K.K.[6f$rH+]
adv.ʣ
 farıȽϼ 
To or at a more distant or remote point:
ԶأڸΪԶңԶĵص㣺
ran farther than the others.
ȱܵøԶ
To or at a more advanced point or stage:
һأڸߵ׶Σ
I went no farther that day.
ҽûȡýչ
To a greater extent or degree:
Χ̶ȵأ
carried the idea farther.
һر뷨
adj.ݴʣ
 farıȽϼ 
More distant; remoter:
ԶģԶģ
the farther shore.
Զĺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant  influenced by far [far] * see  far 
   farӰ [Զ] *μ far
of further * see  further 
 furtherı *μ further
?
Farther and further have been used interchangeably by many writers since the Middle English period. According to a rule of relatively recent origin, however,farther should be reserved 
for physical distance andfurther  for advancement along a nonphysical dimension. Thus 74 percent of the Usage Panel prefersfarther  in the sentence  If you are planning to drive any 
farther than Ukiah, you'd better carry chains;  whereas 64 percent prefersfurther  in the sentence  We won't be able to answer these questions until we are further along in our research.  
In many cases, however, the distinction is not easy to draw.If we may speak metaphorically ofa statement that is far from the truth,  for example, the analogous use offarther  should be 
allowed in a sentence such as Nothing could be farther from the truth,  though Nothing could be further from the truth  is also justifiable. 
Farther  further ԴӢҽʹá ȻݱȽϽԴķfarther Ӧʵʾ룬 further ŷʵʷΧǰ ÷רʹ
С74ĳԱϲfarther ھ ƻȿǸԶĵطô У 64%ĳԱfurther ھ ڵȡøĽչǰǲܻش
Щ С ȻУѰաôʵ  磬farther ÷ھӣ Nothing could be farther from the truth,  
Notting could be futher from the truth ҲǶԵ 

= =
fascinate
fas.ci.nate
AHD:[f2s-n3t] 
D.J.[6f#s*7ne!t]
K.K.[6f#s*7net]
v.ʣ
fas.ci.nat.ed,fas.ci.nat.ing,fas.ci.nates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hold an intense interest or attraction for.See Synonyms at charm 
סǿҵȤμ charm
To hold motionless; spellbind.
ʹסʹס
Obsolete To bewitch.
 ƻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be irresistibly charming or attractive.
ˣǳ
?
Latin fascin3e  fascin3t- [to cast a spell on] 
 fascin3e  fascin3t- [סƻ] 
from fascinum [an evil spell, a phallic-shaped amulet] 
Դ fascinum [һаһεа] 

= =
fashion
fash.ion
AHD:[f2shn] 
D.J.[6f#.*n]
K.K.[6f#.*n]
n.ʣ
The prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior:
ʱУŻֹеʽϰף
out of fashion.
ʱ
Something, such as a garment, that is in the current mode:
ʱ֣һЩʽĶ·
Her dress is the latest fashion.
ʽ
The style characteristic of the social elite:
᣺ᾫصķʽ
a man of fashion.

Manner or mode; way:
ʽ
Set the table in this fashion.

A personal, often idiosyncratic manner:
˷ʽһָ˵ģͨǸõķʽ
played the violin in his own curious fashion.
еطʽС
Kind or variety; sort:
ӣ
people of all fashions.
ʽ
Shape or form; configuration.
״򹹳ɣṹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fash.ioned,fash.ion.ing,fash.ions 
To give shape or form to; make:
γɻ򹹳ɣ죺
fashioned a table from a redwood burl.
ľƳ
To train or influence into a particular state or character.
죺ͨѵӰʹγض״̬Ը
To adapt, as to a purpose or an occasion; accommodate.
ʹӦĳĿĻӦʹӦ
Obsolete To contrive.
 ͼı
?
after a fashion 
in a fashion
In some way or other, especially to a limited extent:
ǿһָĳƵķΧڣ
She sings after a fashion.
ǿᳪһ
?
Middle English facioun 
йӢ facioun 
from Old French fa?on [appearance, manner] 
Դ ŷ fa?on [òʽ] 
from Latin facti?}  facti?n- [a making] 
Դ  facti?}  facti?n- [һ] 
from factus [past participle of] facere [to make, do] * see  dh?- 
Դ factus  [] facereĹȥִ [Ϊ] *μ dh?- 
?
fashioner
n.ʣ
?
fashion,style,mode,vogue
These nouns refer to a prevailing or preferred manner of dress, adornment, behavior, or way of life at a given time.
Щָ·װΡΪʽضʱлΪϲķʽ
 Fashion,  the broadest term, usually refers to what accords with conventions adopted by polite society or set by those in the forefront of the artistic or intellectual sphere: 
 Fashion  ÷㣬ָͨЩõĹ֪ʶȷϵĶ 
wears clothes in the height of fashion;
³ʱװ
a time when pop art was very much in fashion.
һֳΪʱе
Style  is sometimes used interchangeably withfashion  (  
Style  ʱfashion ʹ(  
a gown that is out of style), butstyle,  like mode,  often stresses adherence to standards of elegance:  
һʱ·) style  mode һͨǿַŵˮ׼  
The couple travels in style.
Է޷ʱеΡ
Miniskirts were the mode in the late sixties.
ȹʮڵʱС
Vogue  is applied to fashion that prevails widely ( 
Vogue  ָкܹķʽ( 
the voluptuous figure in vogue at the time of Rubens); the term often suggests enthusiastic but short-lived acceptance ( 
³˹ʱʱֵ) ͨпȵΪʱ̵ܶĽ( 
a game that enjoyed a vogue in its day). See also Synonyms at  method 
һʱϷ) μͬ method

= =
fashionable
fash.ion.a.ble
AHD:[f2sh-n-bl] 
D.J.[6f#.*n*b*l]
K.K.[6f#.*n*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Conforming to the current style; stylish.
ʱֵģʽģе
Associated with or frequented by persons of fashion.
ʱʿģʱʿϵ򾭳Ϊʱʿ˵
n.ʣ
A stylish person.
ʱֵ
?
fashionability  
fashionableness
n.ʣ
fashionably
adv.ʣ
?
fashionable,chic,dashing,in,modish,posh,sharp,smart,stylish,swank,trendy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being or in accordance with the current fashion: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡΪʱлʱϡ 
a fashionable restaurant;
ʱֵĲ͹ݣ
a chic dress;
µķװ
a dashing hat;
ñӣ
the in place to go;
ϲȥ
modish jewelry;
ʱֵ鱦
a posh address;
ʱеݽ
a sharp jacket;
ʱֵļпˣ
a smart hotel;
ʱֵùݣ
stylish clothes;
е·
a swank apartment;
ƯԢ
a trendy neighborhood. unfashionable 
³ھ unfashionable

= =
fast
fast 1
AHD:[f2st] 
D.J.[f#st]
K.K.[f#st]
adj.ݴʣ
fast.er,fast.est 
Acting, moving, or capable of acting or moving quickly; swift.
ģݵģΪġģܹΪ˶ģݵ
Accomplished in relatively little time:
ݵģܶʱɵģ
a fast visit.
ݵİݷ
Indicating a time somewhat ahead of the actual time:
ģģ׼ȷʱǰһЩģ
The clock is fast.
ӿ
Adapted to or suitable for rapid movement:
ʺϿ˶ģ
a fast running track.
ܵ
Designed for or compatible with a short exposure time:
ΪعģΪعʱƻ֮˵ģ
fast film.
йԽƬ
Disposed to dissipation; wild:
ΪŵģҰģ
ran with a fast crowd.
һŵ˽
Flouting conventional moral standards; sexually promiscuous.
ڵģΪ
Resistant, as to destruction or fading:
׻ٻɫģ
fast colors.
ʵɫ
Firmly fixed or fastened:
ι̵ģģι̵ӻϵסģ
a fast grip.

Fixed firmly in place; secure:
εģӵʮι̵ģȫģ
shutters that are fast against the rain.
ܹİҶ
Firm in loyalty:
ҳϵģ
fast friends.
ҳϵ
Lasting; permanent:
õģģ
fast rules and regulations.
ķɺͷ
Deep; sound:
ģ׵ģ
in a fast sleep.
˯ú
adv.ʣ
In a secure manner; tightly:
أһְȫķʽأ
hold fast.
ץס
To a sound degree; deeply:
׵أأ
fast asleep.
˯ú
In a rapid manner; quickly.
ٵأѸٵ
In quick succession:
ٶϵأ
New ideas followed fast.
µӲ
Ahead of the correct or expected time:
ȷԼʱǰأ
a watch that runs fast.
ߵÿı
In a dissipated, immoderate way:
ŵأԷŵġ޽Ƶķʽ
living fast.
ŵ
Archaic Close by; near.
 ӽٽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?st [firm, fixed] * see  past- 
Դ Ӣ f?st [ι̵ģʵ] *μ past- 
?
fast,rapid,swift,fleet,speedy,quick,hasty,expeditious
These adjectives refer to something, such as activity or movement, marked by great speed.Fast  and rapid  are often used interchangeably, thoughfast  is more often applied to the 
person or thing in motion, andrapid,  to the activity or movement involved:  
Щݴָ˶ΪٵFast  rapid ͨԻ Ȼfast ָ˶е˻ rapid ָصĻ˶  
a fast car;
ɳ۵
a fast plane;
ķɻ
a rapid mountain stream;
ɽϪ
rapid development;
ٵķչ
a fast runner;
ߣ
rapid strides.
첽ߡ
Swift  suggests smoothness and sureness of movement ( 
Swift  ָ˶ȿ( 
a swift current;
ȶĵ
swift but unclear handwriting), andfleet, lightness of movement (  
鷨ʼ) fleet ָӯ(  
The cheetah is the fleetest of animals). 
ԱݵĶ) 
 Speedy   refers to velocity (a speedy worker )  or to promptness or hurry ( 
 Speedy  ָٶ(ٶȿĹ ) ָٻæ( 
hoped for a speedy resolution to the problem). 
ڴĿٽ) 
 Quick   most often applies to what takes little time or to promptness of response or action: 
 Quick  ָѼʱӦݣ 
Let's eat a quick snack.
ǳһٿͰ!
Only her quick reaction prevented an accident.
ĿݷӦһ¹ʡ
Hasty  implies hurried action ( 
Hasty  ָæΪ( 
a hasty visit) and often a lack of care or thought ( 
һδæİݷ) ָͨĻټ˼( 
regretted the hasty decision). 
źҲʵľ) 
 Expeditious  suggests rapid efficiency: 
 Expeditious  ָЧģ 
sent the package by the most expeditious means. See also Synonyms at  faithful 
ЧķʽͰ μͬ faithful
?
fast
fast 2
AHD:[f2st] 
D.J.[f#st]
K.K.[f#st]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
fast.ed,fast.ing,fasts 
To abstain from food.
ʳܾʳ
To eat very little or abstain from certain foods, especially as a religious discipline.
ʳի䣺ٳԻ򲻳ĳЩʳָڽ̽
n.ʣ
The act or practice of abstaining from or eating very little food.
ʳʳԻٳʳΪ
A period of such abstention or self-denial.
ʳڣʳڣֽҿƵʱ
?
Middle English fasten 
йӢ fasten 
from Old English f?stan * see  past- 
Դ Ӣ f?stan *μ past- 

= =
fasten
fas.ten
AHD:[f2sn] 
D.J.[6f#s*n]
K.K.[6f#s*n]
v.ʣ
fas.tened,fas.ten.ing,fas.tens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing.
ϵΣΣʹθڱ壬סöס
To make fast or secure.
ʹ̻ȹ
To close, as by fixing firmly in place.
ʹһ𣺷ϣι̰װһط
To fix or direct steadily:
Уȶؼлָ
fastened her gaze on the stranger.
߼İ
To place; attribute:
ڣڣ
fastened the blame on the weather.

To impose (oneself) without welcome.
ǿӣܻӭؽԼǿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become attached, fixed, or joined.
ţ۽ճססһ
To take firm hold; cling fast:
գ
fasten on a notion.
һֹ
To focus steadily; concentrate:
Уע⣻У
All eyes fastened on the speaker.
е۹ⶼݽ
?
Middle English fastnen 
йӢ fastnen 
from Old English f?stnian * see  past- 
Դ Ӣ f?stnian *μ past- 
?
fastener
n.ʣ
?
fasten,anchor,fix,moor,secure
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to remain firmly or fast in position or place: 
Щʹе˼ǡʹι̵رֻĳһλûط 
fastened our seat belts;
ϵȫ
anchored the television antenna to the roof;
߰ݶ
fixed the flagpole in concrete;
û̶ˣ
mooring the rowboat at the dock;
ͧϵͷϣ
secures her chignon with hairpins. unfasten 
÷й̶ķ unfasten

= =
fatal
fa.tal
AHD:[f3tl] 
D.J.[6fe!tl]
K.K.[6fet1]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or capable of causing death.
ģģܹ
Causing ruin or destruction; disastrous:
Եģƻģѵģ
Such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory(Charles Darwin)
ЩģҵžԵĻԡ(˹)
Of decisive importance; fateful.
ԵģоҪԵģش
Determining destiny; controlled by fate.
עģ˵ģ˿Ƶ
Obsolete Having been destined; fated.
 Ѷģⲻ˵
?
Middle English [fateful] 
йӢ [˵] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin f33lis} 
Դ  f33lis} 
from f3m [prophecy, doom] * see  fate 
Դ f3m [Ԥԣ] *μ fate
?
fatal,deadly,mortal,lethal
These adjectives apply to what causes or is likely to cause death.
Щݴָġ
 Fatal  describes conditions, circumstances, or events that have caused or are destined inevitably to cause death or dire consequences: 
 Fatal  ¼עɱػ򱯲ҵĽ 
a fatal accident;
¹ʣ
a fatal illness.
Ĳ֢
It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it (Douglas MacArthur).
ӮϣμսǱɵġ ˹˰ɪ
 Deadly  means capable of killing: 
 Deadly  ָɱ 
a deadly weapon;

a deadly poison.
Ķҩ
Mortal  describes a condition or action that has produced or is about to produce death: 
Mortal  ״ΪѾҪ 
a mortal wound.
ˡ
Lethal  refers to a sure agent of death that may have been created solely for the purpose of killing: 
Lethal  ָȷԭпΪıɱ߻ģ 
execution by lethal injection;
ע̣
a lethal dose of barbiturates. 
ͱεҩ 

= =
fate
fate
AHD:[f3t] 
D.J.[fe!t]
K.K.[fet]
n.ʣ
The supposed force, principle, or power that predetermines events.
ˣӰ졢ԭע
The inevitable events predestined by this force.
ע£ԤȾ˵Ĳɱ¼
A final result or consequence; an outcome.
֣Ľ֣
Unfavorable destiny; doom.
õˣ
Fates Greek Mythology Roman Mythology The three goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, who control human destiny. Used withthe.  
 Fates ϣ񻰡 񻰡 Ů񣺿˿˿Ͱز˹λ˵Ůthe  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French fat 
Դ ŷ fat 
from Latin f3m [prophecy, doom] [neuter past participle of] f3ro [to speak] * see  bh3- 2
Դ  f3m [Ԥԣע]  [] f3roԹȥִ [˵] *μ bh3- 2
?
fate,destiny,kismet,lot,portion
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something that is inevitably destined to happen to a person: 
Щʹе˼ǡһϷĲɱ¡ 
deserved a worse fate;
һˣ
complained about their miserable destiny;
ԹǱҵˣ
a meeting foreordained by kismet;
עһ᣻
has a happy lot;
һҸ
success that was her portion. 
ɹ 

= =
father
fa.ther
AHD:[f?Yr] 
D.J.[6f$8H*]
K.K.[6f$H+]
n.ʣ
A man who begets or raises or nurtures a child.
ףӵ
A male parent of an animal.

A male ancestor.

A man who creates, originates, or founds something:
ߣʼĳˣ
Chaucer is considered the father of English poetry.
űӢʫ֮
An early form; a prototype.
ԭΣڵʽԭ
Father 
 Father 
God.
ϵ
The first person of the Christian Trinity.
̵һ
An elderly or venerable man. Used as a title of respect.
ǰߣһ곤𾴵ˡ
A member of the senate in ancient Rome.
ԪϣһԱ
One of the leading men, as of a city:
ге쵼ߣ
the town fathers.

Or Father A church father.
  Father ̸
Abbr. Fr.
д Fr.
A priest or clergyman in the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches.
񸸣̻򰻸³̵ʦ
Used as a title and form of address with or without the clergyman's name.
ְԱ򲻴ʦʱһͷκͳƺ
v.ʣ
fa.thered,fa.ther.ing,fa.thers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To procreate (offspring) as the male parent.
Ϊ
Usage Problem To act or serve as a father to (a child).
÷ѡ Ϊ׶Դӣ
To create, found, or originate.
죬
To acknowledge responsibility for.
ȷΣԡ
To attribute the paternity, creation, or origin of.
ΪǡĸסԴ
To assign falsely or unjustly; foist.
ػ򲻹ƽؼ̳Уð
v.intr.Usage Problem ﶯʣ÷ѡ 
To act or serve as a father.
һԴ
?
Middle English fader 
йӢ fader 
from Old English f?der * see  pter- 
Դ Ӣ f?der *μ pter- 
?
The verbfather  has come to be used widely to mean specifically to perform the child-rearing functions of a father,particularly in the gerundfathering,  as inFathering a step-child 
takes considerable tact and understanding.  This usage reflects the same social changes that have led to the analogous use of the verbparent  and has met with the same kinds of 
critical resistance.In the most recent surveythe example cited was rejected by 64 percent of the Usage Panel.A problem particular to this use offather  is that it may occasion 
opportunities for humorous misconstruction,since it is in direct competition with the older sense of beget. It is notablethat the analogous use ofmother  as a verb meaning 
specifically to perform the child-rearing functions of a mother is encountered only rarely.It is likely that the discrepancy in the frequency of these new uses ofmother  and father  
reflects the fact that recent writers on family life have tended to place more emphasis on a reconceptualization of the traditional paternal role in child-rearing.See Usage Note at parent 
father 㷺Ӧã ָһӵְ𡱣رǶfathering  ڸӵûѾ޴Ǻ  ÷Ӧ𶯴parent ÷ͬ
仯 ⵽ͬԡĵУõӱ÷רʹС64%ĳԱԡرfather ÷һǣ ܻĬ⣬
Ϊֱɹġͻֵעǣmother Ϊʵ÷˼ָһĸӵְ𡱣 ÷ټmother  father Щ÷
ƵʵĲһ·ӳһʵ Ǿǽڼͥĵڽص¶常ĸڸεĴͳɫμ parent

= =
fatigue
fa.tigue
AHD:[f-t?g] 
D.J.[f*6ti8g]
K.K.[f*6tig]
n.ʣ
Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion.
ƣͣڷϵ
Something, such as tiring effort or activity, that causes weariness:
ۻĳЩ飬ʹŬ
the fatigue of a long hike.
һγ;
Physiology The decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, an organ, or a part to function normally because of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion.
ѧ ƣͣ֯ٻһֹܼ˻ȫɥʧҪڹȴ̼
The weakening or failure of a material, such as metal or wood, resulting from prolonged stress.
ࣺʱѹĲϣľͷģ
Manual or menial labor, such as barracks cleaning, assigned to soldiers.
ۣɸʿһһλεۣɨӪ
fatigues Clothing worn by military personnel for labor or for field duty.
 fatigues ʿʱŵ·
v.ʣ
fa.tigued,fa.tigu.ing,fa.tigues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tire with physical or mental exertion; weary.
ʹƣͣƣͣͷ
To create fatigue in (a metal or other material).
ʹƣʹϣƣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become fatigued.See Synonyms at tire 1
ƣͣƣ͵Ĳμ tire1
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from fatiguer [to fatigue] 
Դ fatiguer [ƣ] 
from Latin fato3re} 
Դ  fato3re} 

= =
fault
fault
AHD:[f?lt] 
D.J.[f%8lt]
K.K.[f%lt]
n.ʣ
A character weakness, especially a minor one.
㣺Ըϵ㣬ָС
Something that impairs or detracts from physical perfection; a defect.
ȱݣ״̬ϵ𺦻ˣȱ
A mistake; an error.
󣻲
A minor offense or misdeed.
ʧСʧΪ
Responsibility for a mistake or an offense; culpability.
ΣԴʧΣ
Geology A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which adjacent surfaces are differentially displaced parallel to the plane 
of fracture.Also called  shift 
ѧ ϲ㣺ڵؿǵı䶯ƶʯϵѣ֮ѷһһߵĴλҲ  shift
Electronics A defect in a circuit or wiring caused by imperfect connections, poor insulation, grounding, or shorting.
ѧ ·ϣڵ߽桢ӵء·ԵʧЧɵĵ·ϵ
Sports A bad service, as in tennis.
˶ дʧ
Obsolete A lack or deficiency.
 ȱ
v.ʣ
fault.ed,fault.ing,faults 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To find error or defect in; criticize or blame.
ִȱ㣻ָ
Geology To produce a fault in; fracture.
ѧ ϲ㣻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To commit a mistake or an error.
Ҵ
Geology To shift so as to produce a fault.
ѧ 䶯Ӷϲ
?
at fault
Deserving of blame; guilty:
𱸵ģģ
admitted to being at fault.

Confused and puzzled.
ҵģԻ
find fault
To seek, find, and complain about faults; criticize:
ҴѰҡֺͱԹ
found fault with his speech.
ݽĴ
to a fault
To an excessive degree:
ȵأ
generous to a fault.
ȿ
?
Middle English faulte 
йӢ faulte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *fallita 
Դ  *fallita 
feminine past participle of Latin fallere [to deceive, fail] 
  fallereԹȥִ [ƭʧ] 
?
fault,failing,weakness,frailty,foible,vice
These nouns denote an imperfection or deficiency of character. A
ЩʱʾƷʵĲȱݡ
 fault  is a quality or trait that detracts from moral excellence: 
 Fault  ָƷ»ƷΥ£ 
If we had no faults of our own, we would not take so much pleasure in noticing those of others (La Rochefoucauld). A
ԼûǾͲע˵ ޿£
 failing  is a minor fault or shortcoming: 
 Failing  ָСȱ㣺 
An inability to stay quiet . . . is one of the most conspicuous failings of mankind (Walter Bagehot).
ܰ״ȱ㡱 ءأ
 Weakness  suggests deficiency of moral strength or force of character: 
 Weakness  ָȱԸ 
We must touch his weaknesses with a delicate hand.There are some faults so nearly allied to excellence, that we can scarce weed out the fault without eradicating the virtue (Oliver 
Goldsmith).The term is related to but stronger thanfrailty,  which implies the likelihood of yielding to temptation:  
Ǳץס㡣ŵ㣬ʹǺͬʱ¡ 𡤸ʷ˹frailty йصֱǿңָƢ
  
Our frailties are invincible, our virtues barren (Robert Louis Stevenson).Even weaker in imputing censure isfoible,  which refers to a minor defect that is easily overlooked and may 
even be endearing:  
ǵĴ󿴲ǵƶ ޲ء·˹˹ɭָfoible ָױӲпܱϲСë  
Science is his forte, and omniscience his foible (Sydney Smith).
ѧĳ֪Сȱ㡱 ᡤʷ˹
 Vice   in this comparison refers to a moral flaw or in a weaker sense to a defect of character: 
 Vice  ڱȽָȱԸĽ΢о 
Lord, Lord, how subject we old men are to this vice of lying! (Shakespeare). 
 үүǵǶ˵ѵȱǶôѽ! ɯʿǣ 
Obstinacy, Sir, is certainly a great vice (Edmund Burke).See also Synonyms at  blame ,blemish 
̵Ȼһȱ㡱 ɡˣμͬ blame,blemish

= =
faulty
fault.y
AHD:[f?lt?] 
D.J.[6f%8lti8]
K.K.[6f%lti]
adj.ݴʣ
fault.i.er,fault.i.est 
Containing a fault or defect; imperfect or defective.
ȱģȱݵģģȫ
Obsolete Deserving of blame; guilty.
 йʧģ
?
faultily
adv.ʣ
faultiness
n.ʣ

= =
favour
fa.vour
AHD:[f3vr] 
D.J.[6fe!v*]
K.K.[6fev+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of favor 
 favorı

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fax
fax
AHD:[f2ks] 
D.J.[f#ks]
K.K.[f#ks]
n.ʣ
See  facsimile 
μ  facsimile 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
faxed,fax.ing,fax.es 
To transmit (printed matter or an image) by electronic means.
棺õѶʽϢӡͼΣ
?
Shortening and alteration of facsimile 
 facsimileļдͱ仯

= =
fear
fear
AHD:[f?r] 
D.J.[f!*]
K.K.[f!r]
n.ʣ
A feeling of agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger.
ǸУΣյĳֻȽĲǵ
A state or condition marked by this feeling:
ǣ״̬
living in fear.
֮
A feeling of disquiet or apprehension:
ģǵ
a fear of looking foolish.
Ŀ޴
Extreme reverence or awe, as toward a supreme power.
η£˵
A reason for dread or apprehension:
»򲻰ԭ
Being alone is my greatest fear.
һ˶
v.ʣ
feared,fear.ing,fears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be afraid or frightened of.
£
To be uneasy or apprehensive about:
ΪģΪ
feared the test results.
ΪԽ
To be in awe of; revere.
£
To consider probable; expect:
£Ϊܣϣ
I fear you are wrong. I fear I have bad news for you.
ΪˡиϢ
Archaic To feel fear within (oneself).
 Ŀ־
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be afraid.

To be uneasy or apprehensive.
ģ񲻰
?
Middle English fer 
йӢ fer 
from Old English f?r [danger, sudden calamity] * see  per- 3
Դ Ӣ f?r [ΣգͻȻĲ] *μ per- 3
?
fearer
n.ʣ
?
fear,fright,dread,terror,horror,panic,alarm,dismay,consternation,trepidation
These nouns all denote the agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger.
ЩʶΣյĳֻȽĲͽ֮⡣
 Fear  is the most general term: 
 Fear  Ĵ  
fear of change;
±仯
fear of flying;
·У
fear of death.

Fear is the parent of cruelty (J.A. Froude).
־ǲ֮ĸ (JA£
 Fright  is sudden, usually momentary fear characterized by great agitation: 
 Fright  ǰм󲻰ͻȻͨʱĿ־壺 
In her fright she forgot to lock the door.
¶š
Dread   is strong fear of something impending, especially of what one is powerless to avoid: 
Dread  ǶĳֱƽĶǿҿ־壬ָЩģ 
He looked forward with dread to the scheduled surgery.
־صȴճڵ
Terror  is intense, overpowering fear: 
Terror  ǿҵġ޷ܵĿ־壺 
the weapon which most readily conquers reason: terror and violence (Adolf Hitler).
׼ҪѹԵ־ͱ ϣգ
 Horror  is a combination of fear and aversion or repugnance: 
 Horror  ǿ־񡢷еĻϣ 
Murder arouses widespread horror.
ıɱ˹㷺Ŀ־塣
Panic  is sudden frantic fear, often groundless: 
Panic  ͻȻҵĿ־壬ͨûиݵģ 
The fire caused a panic among the horses.
Ⱥľš
Rumors of the President's illness resulted in panic on the world stock markets.
ͳƱгĿֻš
Alarm  is fright aroused by the first realization of danger: 
Alarm  ʶΣʱĿֻţ 
I watched with alarm as the current carried the raft and its passengers toward the dam.
ҾֵؿżСľͳ˿ͳˮӡ
Dismay  is apprehension that robs one of courage or the power to act effectively: 
Dismay  ָʹĳʧȥЧжĿֻţ 
The appearance of a comet caused universal dismay in the ancient world.
ڹŴǵĳձĿֻš
Consternation  is a state of often paralyzing dismay characterized by confusion and helplessness: 
Consternation  ָͨлҺص̱Կֻ״̬ 
Consternation spread throughout the city as the invading army approached.
ԾƽʱֻС
Trepidation  is dread characteristically marked by trembling or hesitancy: 
Trepidation  ǴвԥصĿ־壺 
They were . . . full of trepidation about things that were never likely to happen (John Morley).
ǶЩӲᷢ˿־塱 ԼĪ
?
Old Englishf?,  the ancestor of our word fear,  meant calamity, disaster,but not the emotion engendered by such an event.This is in line with the meaning of the prehistoric Common 
Germanic word.f?,  danger, which is the source of words with similar senses in other Germanic languages,such as Old Saxon and Old High Germanf3,  ambush, danger, and 
Old Icelandic f3,  treachery, damage. Scholars, in fact, have determined the form and meaning of Germanic.f?z  by working backward from the forms and the meanings of its 
descendants. The most important cause of the change of meaning in the wordfear  was probably the existence in Old English of the related verb f?,  which meant to terrify, take by 
surprise. Fear  is first recorded in Middle English with the sense emotion of fear in a work composed around 1290.
Ӣf?r  fear ǰ Ϊңѡһʷǰͨնferaz ˼Σյġ ն˼ĴʵԴ
ѷ͹Ÿߵصfar Σգ͹ű far ھƻ ʵϣѧѾͨʵʽ˼ķоferaz ʽ˼ 
fear 仯ҪԭǹӢض f?ranĴڣ  Ϊ£ץס Fear  һӢΪµ¼һԼ1290
ҴƷ
?
Fear
Fear
AHD:[f?r] Cape
D.J.[f!*]Cape
K.K.[f!r]Cape
NONE޴ԣ
A promontory on Smith Island off the coast of southeast North Carolina at the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
ƶǣշƶӵ뺣ڣ뿪ݶϺʷ˹ϵһ

= =
fearful
fear.ful
AHD:[f?rfl] 
D.J.[6f!*f*l]
K.K.[6f!rf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or capable of causing fear; frightening:
˿־ģ𣨻ܹ𣩿־ģµģ
a fearful howling.
һµĺ
Experiencing fear; frightened.See Synonyms at afraid 
µģ־ģµĲμ afraid
Feeling or inclined to feel anxiety or apprehension; timid; nervous.
ǵģеڸеǵģСģǵ
Indicating anxiety, fear, or terror:
ηģʾǣ»־ģ
a fearful, nervous glance.
η壬ǵһƳ
Feeling reverence, dread, or awe.
ηģе𾴣»ݵ
Extreme, as in degree or extent; dreadful:
µģڳ̶ȺͷΧϼ˵ģµģ
a fearful blunder; fearful poverty.
µµƶ
?
fearfully
adv.ʣ
fearfulness
n.ʣ

= =
feasible
fea.si.ble
AHD:[f?z-bl] 
D.J.[6fi8z*b*l]
K.K.[6fiz*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being accomplished or brought about; possible:
еģܹɵĻܹʵʩģܵģ
a feasible plan.See Synonyms at possible 
еļƻμ possible
Used or dealt with successfully; suitable:
õģɹûģʵģ
feasible new sources of energy.
õԴ
Logical; likely:
еͨģ߼ģܵģ
a feasible explanation.
ͨĽ
?
Middle English fesable 
йӢ fesable 
from Old French faisable 
Դ ŷ faisable 
from faire  fais- [to do] 
Դ faire  fais- [] 
from Latin facere * see  dh?- 
Դ  facere *μ dh?- 
?
feasibility  
feasibleness
n.ʣ
feasibly
adv.ʣ

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feast
feast
AHD:[f?st] 
D.J.[fi8st]
K.K.[fist]
n.ʣ
A large, elaborately prepared meal, usually for many persons and often accompanied by entertainment; a banquet.
᣺׼Ĵϯͨкܶ˲μӣֻϯ
A meal that is well prepared and abundantly enjoyed.
ʢ磺׼ɾֵϯ
A periodic religious festival commemorating an event or honoring a god or saint.
ף䣺Ϊĳһ¼ʥ˵Ķڵڽ̽
Something giving great pleasure or satisfaction:
£ֺ飺
a book that is a veritable feast for the mind.
һֵ
v.ʣ
feast.ed,feast.ing,feasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a feast for; entertain or feed sumptuously:
룺᣻ֻԣ
feasted the guests on venison.
Ұζ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To partake of a feast; eat heartily.
ԣμ᣻
To experience something with gratification or delight:
ܣֵ龭ĳ飺
feasted on the view.
۸
?
feast (one's) eyes on
To be delighted or gratified by the sight of:
۸Ӿϵõֺ㣺
We feasted our eyes on the paintings.
ЩǴ۸
?
Middle English feste 
йӢ feste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *f?a 
Դ  *f?a 
from Latin [pl. of] f?stum 
Դ   [] f?stumĸ 
from f?s [festive] * see  dh?s- 
Դ f?s [ֵ] *μ dh?s- 
?
feaster
n.ʣ

= =
feather
feath.er
AHD:[fYr] 
D.J.[6feH*]
K.K.[6fWH+]
n.ʣ
One of the light, flat growths forming the plumage of birds, consisting of numerous slender, closely arranged parallel barbs forming a vane on either side of a horny, tapering, partly 
hollow shaft.
ëëƽһɴϸġܲеĹһ״ġпյ׶γɵƬ
feathers Plumage.
 feathers 
feathers Clothing; attire.
 feathers £װ
A feathery tuft or fringe of hair, as on the legs or tail of some dogs.
ëһëĳЩȲβ
Character, kind, or nature:
ࡢصԣ
Birds of a feather flock together.

Something small, trivial, or inconsequential.
£СġĻҪ
A strip, wedge, or flange used as a strengthening part.
ǿľШӻ͹
A wedge or key that fits into a groove to make a joint.
ǿߣΪڵШ״
The vane of an arrow.
᣺ϵƬ
A feather-shaped flaw, as in a precious stone.
״覴ãʯе״Ѻ۵΢
The wake made by a submarine's periscope.
΢ǱˮͧǳˮɵĲ
The act of feathering the blade of an oar in rowing.
ὰڻˮʱ״
v.ʣ
feath.ered,feath.er.ing,feath.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, dress, or decorate with or as if with feathers.
Σûëǡװ
To fit (an arrow) with a feather.
װ᣺ëװ
To thin, reduce, or fringe the edge of by cutting, shaving, or wearing away.
ʹ״üꡢλĥķʽʹ䱡ٻڱԵ
To shorten and taper (hair) by cutting and thinning.
̣ɱʹͷ̱ϸ䱡
To connect with a tongue-and-groove joint.
ШШβʹܽ
To turn (an oar blade) almost horizontal as it is carried back after each stroke.
ὰÿ˻̺ʹ棩ˮƽ
To alter the pitch of (a propeller) so that the chords of the blades are parallel with the line of flight.
˳ࣺҶתʹҴºƽ
To alter the pitch of (the rotor of a helicoptor) while in forward flight.
ǰʱı佰Ҷ
To turn off (an aircraft engine) while in flight.
棺ڷйصɻһ棩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow feathers or become feathered.
ëëΪë
To move, spread, or grow in a manner suggestive of feathers.
ëһƶչ
To feather an oar.
ὰ
To feather a propeller.
˳
?
feather in (one's) cap
An act or deed to one's credit; a distinctive achievement.
ĳΪ飻Ĺ
feather (one's) nest
To grow wealthy by taking advantage of one's position or by making use of property or funds left in one's trust.
˽ңְ֮ʽĳ˵ĲƸ
in fine feather 
in good feather  
in high feather
In excellent form, health, or humor.
ǿ彡塢Ĭгɫ
?
Middle English fether 
йӢ fether 
from Old English * see  pet- 
Դ Ӣ *μ pet- 

= =
feature
fea.ture
AHD:[f?chr] 
D.J.[6fi8t.*]
K.K.[6fit.+]
n.ʣ
Any of the distinct parts of the face, as the eyes, nose, or mouth.
òϵĸ֣۾ӻ
Often features The overall appearance of the face or its parts.
  features òϵȫ򲿷ֵ
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic:
Ļɫķ桢Ʒʻص㣺
a feature of one's personality; a feature of the landscape.
˸ص
The main film presentation at a theater.
ƬԺӳҪӰƬ
A special attraction at an entertainment.
رĿһر˵Ĳ
A prominent or special article, story, or department in a newspaper or periodical.
дֽ־ԵĻر¡»ͼƬ
An item advertised or offered as particularly attractive or as an inducement:
صĲƷΪرջṩĿ
a washing machine with many features.
ϴ»
Archaic 
 
Outward appearance; form or shape.
ò̬״
Physical beauty.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
fea.tured,fea.tur.ing,fea.tures 
To give special attention to; display, publicize, or make prominent.
չʾرע⣻չʹΪҪ
To have or include as a prominent part or characteristic:
ɡݣΪҪֻصģ
The play featured two well-known actors.
ϷλԱ
To depict or outline the features of.
̻ճص
Informal To picture mentally; imagine:
ʽ ﹴ
Can you feature her in that hat?
Ƕñ?
?
Middle English feture 
йӢ feture 
from Old French faiture 
Դ ŷ faiture 
from Latin fact?a [a working or making] 
Դ  fact?a [ֹƷ] 
from factus [past participle of] facere [to make, do] * see  dh?- 
Դ factus  [] facereĹȥִ [] *μ dh?- 

= =
federal
fed.er.al
AHD:[fdr-l, fdrl] 
D.J.[6fed*r*l, 6fedr*l]
K.K.[6fWd*r*l, 6fWdr*l]
adj.Abbr. fed.ݴʣд fed.
Of, relating to, or being a form of government in which a union of states recognizes the sovereignty of a central authority while retaining certain residual powers of government.
ģһ֯ʽģʽϸȷһϵȨͬʱһȨ
Of or constituting a form of government in which sovereign power is divided between a central authority and a number of constituent political units.
ƵģһʽģȨȨ֯Ա
Of or relating to the central government of a federation as distinct from the governments of its member units.
ģģԱڲ
Favorable to or advocating federation:
֧ģֻ֧ӵģ
The senator's federal leanings were well known.
Ա֪
Relating to or formed by a treaty or compact between constituent political units.
ϵģɲ֮ЭԼйصĻɵ
Federal 
 Federal 
Of, relating to, or supporting Federalism or the Federalist Party.
ģǣ֧֣Ļйص
Of, relating to, or loyal to the Union cause during the American Civil War.
ģǣҳڣսڼɵĻйص
Often Federal Of, relating to, or being the central government of the United States.
  Federal 
Federal Relating to or characteristic of a style of architecture, furniture, and decoration produced in the United States especially in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and 
characterized by adaptations of classical forms combined with typically American motifs.
 Federal ģĽҾߣװƷйصĻصģָ18ں19ڵģصǹŵʽͼϲ
n.ʣ
Federal 
 Federal 
A supporter of the Union during the American Civil War, especially a Union soldier.
ߣսڼ֧ߣָʿ
A Federalist.

Often Federal A federal agent or official.
  Federal ˻Ա
?
From Latin foedus  foeder- [league, treaty] * see  bheidh- 
Դ  foedus  foeder- [ˣԼ] *μ bheidh- 
?
federally
adv.ʣ

= =
federation
fed.er.a.tion
AHD:[fd-r3shn] 
D.J.[7fed*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7fWd*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. fed.ʣд fed.
The act of federating, especially a joining together of states into a league or federal union.
ˣͬˣָһЩһ֯Ϊ
A league or association formed by federating, especially a government or political body established through federal union.
ϻ᣺ͨɵָ֯ͨ

= =
fee
fee
AHD:[f?] 
D.J.[fi8]
K.K.[fi]
n.ʣ
A fixed sum charged, as by an institution or by law, for a privilege:
ѣһַɻ֯涨ΪĳȨյĹ̶ã
a license fee; tuition fees.
ִշѣѧ
A charge for professional services:
ҵ񱨳꣺ְҵԵķ֧ı꣺
a surgeon's fee.

A tip; a gratuity.
СѣǮ
Law An inherited or heritable estate in land.
ɡ ̳еĲҵѼ̳еĻɼ̳еĵز
In feudal law, an estate in land granted by a lord to his vassal on condition of homage and service.Also called  feud 2fief 
⽨زڷ⽨УΪЧҵķ⳼ĵزҲ  feud2fief
The land so held.
أַʽռе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
feed,fee.ing,fees 
To give a tip to.
꣺С
Scots To hire.
ո Ӷ
?
in feeɡ
In absolute and legal possession.
ΪͺϷе
?
Middle English fe 
йӢ fe 
from Anglo-Norman fee [fief] 
Դ Ӣ fee [⽨ز] 
from Old French fie, fief 
Դ ŷ fie, fief 
[of Germanic origin] * see  peku- 
[Դն] *μ peku- 

= =
feeble
fee.ble
AHD:[f?bl] 
D.J.[6fi8b*l]
K.K.[6fib*l]
adj.ݴʣ
fee.bler,fee.blest 
Lacking strength; weak.
ȱģ
Indicating weakness.

Lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate.See Synonyms at weak 
ȱЧģĲμ weak
?
Middle English feble 
йӢ feble 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fl?s [lamentable] 
Դ  fl?s [ҵģɱģϧ] 
from fl?e [to weep] 
Դ fl?e [] 
?
feebleness
n.ʣ
feebly
adv.ʣ

= =
feed
feed
AHD:[f?d] 
D.J.[fi8d]
K.K.[fid]
v.ʣ
fed[fd] feed.ing,feeds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give food to; supply with nourishment:
ʳӪ
feed the children.
ι
To provide as food or nourishment:
ԡΪʳѡΪʳӪ
fed fish to the cat.
ιè
To serve as food for:
Ϊʳ﹩
The turkey is large enough to feed a dozen.
ֻ𼦴㹻ʮ˳
To produce food for:
Ϊʳ
The valley feeds an entire county.
ɽȵԹӦʳ
To provide for consumption, utilization, or operation:
Ӧѡʹûת
feed logs to a fire; feed data into a computer.

To supply with something essential for growth, maintenance, or operation:
ƷΪάֻṩĳЩҪʣ
Melting snow feeds the reservoirs.
ڻѩˮṩˮ
To distribute (a local radio or television broadcast) to a larger audience or group of receivers by way of a network or satellite.
ͨߵǽط̨̨㲥͸ں͹ڻĽȺ
To minister to; gratify:
ʹ㣻ʹ⣺
fed their appetite for the morbid.
ǶԲ̬Ⱥ
To support or promote; encourage:
ֻ֧򼤷
His unexplained absences fed our suspicions.
޹ȱϯǶĻ
To supply as a cue:
ʾΪṩ
feed lines to an actor.
Աʾ̨
Sports To pass a ball or puck to (a teammate), especially in order to score.
˶ ָΪ÷ֶ򴫸ӶԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To eat:
ԣ
pigs feeding at a trough.
ʳ
To be nourished or supported:
֧֣õ֧֣
an ego that feeds on flattery.
ڷжԸ
To move steadily, as into a machine for processing.
ԭϣΪƽȵؼ루ԭϵȣ
To be channeled; flow:
ͨ
This road feeds into the freeway.
·ͨٹ·
n.ʣ
Food for animals or birds.
ϻʳ
The amount of such food given at one time.
һιʳ
Informal A meal, especially a large one.
ʽ ָͣʢһ
The act of eating.
ԣʳĶ
Material or an amount of material supplied, as to a machine or furnace.
ϣ¯ӹԭϻ
The act of supplying such material.
ϣϵĶ
An apparatus that supplies material to a machine.
ԭװ
The aperture through which such material enters a machine.
ϿڣԭϴͨĿ
Distribution of a locally broadcast radio or television program by way of a network or satellite to a larger audience or group of receivers.
ط̨㲥ӽĿͨߵǴ͸ں͹ڻĽȺ
?
off (one's) feed
Suffering a lack of appetite; sick:
ζڲõģʵģ
The dog is off its feed this week.
ֻûʳ
?
Middle English feden 
йӢ feden 
from Old English f?n * see  p3- 
Դ Ӣ f?n *μ p3- 

= =
feedback
feed.back
AHD:[f?db2k] 
D.J.[6fi8d7b#k]
K.K.[6fid7b#k]
n.ʣ
The return of a portion of the output of a process or system to the input, especially when used to maintain performance or to control a system or process.
һ̻ϵͳһķأָάתһϵͳ
The portion of the output so returned.
˷Ĳ
The return of information about the result of a process or activity; an evaluative response:
ظϢķһԵķ
asked the students for feedback on the new curriculum.
ѧ¿γõķ

= =
feel
feel
AHD:[f?l] 
D.J.[fi8l]
K.K.[fil]
v.ʣ
felt[flt] feel.ing,feels 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive through the sense of touch:
оͨӴ֪
feel the velvety smoothness of a peach.
о˿ްĹ⻬
To perceive as a physical sensation:
оͨĸйٸ֪
feel a sharp pain; feel the cold.
еһʹе
To touch.

To examine by touching.See Synonyms at touch 
ͨμ touch
To test or explore with caution:
̽С̽죺
feel one's way in a new job.
¹Ѱҷ
To undergo the experience of:
飬ĳ᣺
felt my interest rising; felt great joy.
еҵȤеǳ
To be aware of; sense:
ʶо
felt the anger of the crowd.
ʶǵķŭ
To be emotionally affected by:
ܸܵӰ죺
She still feels the loss of her dog.
ȻΪʧȥ
To be persuaded of (something) on the basis of intuition, emotion, or other indefinite grounds:
Ϊãֱͨоȷʹţĳ£
I feel that what the informant says may well be true.
ΪǸṩϢ˵Ŀ
To believe; think:
ţΪ
She felt his answer to be evasive.
ΪĻشȫ˸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To experience sensations of touch.
ĸо
To produce a particular sensation, especially through the sense of touch:
ָͨĳĸо
The sheets felt smooth.
ȥܹ⻬
To produce a particular impression; appear to be; seem:
ƺǣĳӡԳǣ
It feels good to be home.See Usage Note at well 2
ؼҵĸоòμ well2
To be conscious of a specified kind or quality of physical, mental, or emotional state:
ãоĳġĻе״̬ضͻԣ
felt warm and content; feels strongly about the election.
ů㣻ѡٷӦǿ
To seek or explore something by the sense of touch:
ңͨӴѰһ̽Ѱĳ
felt for the light switch in the dark.
ںڰҵԴ
To have compassion or sympathy:
ͬ
I feel for him in his troubles.
Ҷͬ
n.ʣ
Perception by or as if by touch; sensation:
о·ʱĸоо
a feel of autumn in the air.
ڿие
The sense of touch:
ָУ
a surface that is rough to the feel.
ȥֲܴڵı
The nature or quality of something as perceived by or as if by the sense of touch:
о·ܵʻܣ
power steering that seems overassisted, eliminating road feel(Mark Ginsburg)
ǿӣɥʧʻĲݸС(ˡ˹)
Overall impression or effect; atmosphere:
գӡЧգ
gives such disparate pictures . . . a crazily convincing documentary feel(Stephen King)
Ļ桭һַ˵ļʵС(˹ٷҡ)
Intuitive awareness or natural ability:
ֱֱʶ
has a feel for decorating.
װεļ
?
feel out
To try cautiously or indirectly to ascertain the viewpoint or nature of.
̽ϸĻӵŬȥʶĳ
feel up  ٵ
To touch or fondle (someone) sexually.
飺شĳˣ
?
feel in (one's) bones
To have an intuition of.
ԡֱ
feel likeʽ
To have an inclination or desire for:
С
felt like going for a walk.
ȥɢ
feel like (oneself)
To sense oneself as being in one's normal state of health or spirits:
оڣţеԼ״̬£
I just don't feel like myself today.
ҽúܲ
?
Middle English felen 
йӢ felen 
from Old English f?n * see  p?l- 
Դ Ӣ f?n *μ p?l- 

= =
feeling
feel.ing
AHD:[f?l1ng] 
D.J.[6fi8l!0]
K.K.[6fil!0]
n.ʣ
The sensation involving perception by touch.
оڵĸо
A sensation experienced through touch.
ɴõĸо
A physical sensation:
ĴУ
a feeling of warmth.
ů͵ĸо
An affective state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires:
оܣɸ顢ĸ֪״̬
experienced a feeling of excitement.
˷ܵĸо
An awareness or impression:
ʶӡ
He had the feeling that he was being followed.
쵽ڱ
An emotional state or disposition; an emotion:
״̬飻飺
expressed deep feeling.
ĸ
A tender emotion; a fondness.
飻
Capacity to experience the higher emotions; sensitivity; sensibility:
£ееУƸԣ
a man of feeling.
Ƹе
feelings Susceptibility to emotional response; sensibilities:
 feelings 飺зӦԣо
The child's feelings are easily hurt.
Ǻӵʹױ
Opinion based more on emotion than on reason; sentiment.
룺ؽڸϵĹ۵㣻
A general impression conveyed by a person, place, or thing:
գһˡط˵ӡ
The stuffy air gave one the feeling of being in a tomb.
ȵĿʹ˾ڷĹ
Appreciative regard or understanding:
أ͵𾴺⣺
a feeling for propriety.

Intuitive awareness or aptitude; a feel:
ֱʶʣֱУ
has a feeling for language.

adj.ݴʣ
Having the ability to react or feel emotionally; sentient; sensitive.
иģø鷴Ӧܵģиоģе
Easily moved emotionally; sympathetic:
׶ģͬĵģ
a feeling heart.
ͬ
Expressive of sensibility or emotion:
Ļеģ
a feeling glance.
һƳ
?
feelingly
adv.ʣ
?
feeling,emotion,passion,sentiment
These nouns refer to complex and usually strong subjective human response, such as love or hate.Althoughfeeling  and emotion  are sometimes interchangeable, feeling  is the more 
general and neutral:  
ЩָӦָͨǿҵ۵ĸ˷Ӧ簮ޡfeeling  emotion ʱԻʹã feeling ԣ  
feelings of hope and joy;
ϣͿֵĸо
a feeling of inferiority;
ԱУ
religious feelings.
ڽУ
I have said that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity (William Wordsworth).
˵ʫǿҸȻ¶ԴУƽл䡱 Ȼ˹
 Emotion  is often considered to be the stronger of the two terms and to imply the presence of excitement or agitation: 
 Emotion  Ϊнǿҵһ˷ܻǵ˼ 
He has difficulty controlling his emotions.
ѿԼĸ飬
Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion (T.S. Eliot).
 ʫеתɳڣеĳڡ TSأ
 Passion  is intense, compelling emotion: 
 Passion  ָǿҵġͱ˵У 
They seemed like ungoverned children inflamed with the fiercest passions of men (Francis Parkman).
ǿҰĺӣȴȼӺҵС ˹
 Sentiment  often applies to a thought or opinion arising from or influenced by emotion: 
 Sentiment  ָлӰ뷨 
What are your sentiments about the government's policies? The word can also refer to the delicate, sensitive, or higher or more refined feelings: 
ʲô뷨 ˴ҲָϸġеĻ߼ϸ΢ĸ飺 
The mystic reverence, the religious allegiance, which are essential to a true monarchy, are imaginative sentiments that no legislature can manufacture in any people (Walter 
Bagehot).See also Synonyms at  opinion 
˼ĳ羴ڽ̰ҳ϶ľ嶼ҪģǸ٣ûؿʹκһ˲С ߶ءأμͬ 
opinion

= =
foot
foot
AHD:[f?t] 
D.J.[f&t]
K.K.[f&t]
n.ʣ
 feet[f?t]  
The lower extremity of the vertebrate leg that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking.
š㣺׵ǵȵ¶ˣվʱֱӴĲ
A structure used for locomotion or attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral side of a mollusk.
㲿޼׵ƶĽṹ嶯︹ǿ׳
Something suggestive of a foot in position or function, especially:
ƽŵĶλûϽڽŵĶǣ
The lowest part; the bottom:
Ͳײ
the foot of a mountain; the foot of a page.
ɽţҳĵײ
The end opposite the head, top, or front:
Ų²ĩβӦͷǰһˣ
the foot of a bed; the foot of a parade.
βжĩβ
The termination of the leg of a piece of furniture, especially when shaped or modeled.
ţҾȵĩˣ䵱γʱ
The part of a sewing machine that holds down and guides the cloth.
ѹŰ壺һһ֣ѹסϲ
Nautical The lower edge of a sail.
 ԵĽϵͱ
Botany The base of the sporophyte in mosses and liverworts.
ֲѧ ״̦޺͵Ļ
The inferior part or rank:
ϲĲ֣ϵ͵ĵȼ
at the foot of the class.
׼ĵײ
The part of a stocking or high-topped boot that encloses the foot.
㲿ͲͲѥסŵǲ
A manner of moving; a step:
ƶ̬ӣ
walks with a light foot.

Speed or momentum, as in a race:
ٶȣڱеٶȻ
the only other Democrats who've demonstrated any foot till now(Michael Kramer)
Ψһȡжʿ(˶Ĭ)
(used with a pl. verb)Foot soldiers; infantry:
븴ãӣ
A regiment of foot are descending the hill.
һŵĲɽ
A unit of poetic meter consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables in any of various set combinations. For example, an iambic foot has an unstressed followed by a stressed 
syllable.
ʫĵλһضضγɡ磬Ƿضںض
Abbr. ft.,ftA unit of length in the U.S. Customary and British Imperial systems equal to 12 inches (0.3048 meter).See table at measurement 
д ft.,ftӢߣõԼӢ׼ĳȵλ൱12Ӣ磨0.3048ףμ measurement
foots Sediment that forms during the refining of oil and other liquids; dregs.
 foots ңͻҺвĳ
v.ʣ
foot.ed,foot.ing,foots 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go on foot; walk. Often used withit : 
УУߡͨit ã 
When their car broke down, they had to foot it the rest of the way.
ǵĳêǲòʣ·
To dance. Often used withit : 
裺衣ͨit ã 
We foot it all the night/weaving olden dances(William Butler Yeats)
һҹ/̤Źϵ貽(աҮ)
Nautical To make headway; sail.
 ǰʻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go by foot over, on, or through; tread.
ߣ̤ͽڡϻ򴩹̤
To execute the steps of (a dance).
ĳ裩ݣ赸貽
To add up (a column of numbers) and write the sum at the bottom; total:
㣺ѣһ֣дڵײ
footed up the bill.
ϼʵ
To pay; defray:
Ǯ֧ã
footed the expense of their children's education.
֧ӽķ
To provide (a stocking, for example) with a foot.
Ŵϣ磬Ͳࣩ
?
at (someone's) feet
Enchanted or fascinated by.
ס
best foot forward
A favorable initial impression:
ʼĺӡ
He always has his best foot forward when speaking to his constituents. Put your best foot forward during an employment interview.
ѡѡ˵õһԸºӡ˵λʱҪºӡ
feet of clay
An underlying weakness or fault:
ֳȱ
They discovered to their vast discomfiture that their idol had feet of clay, after placing him upon a pedestal(James Joyce)
ǰѴ˵һ˲ԺǴΪյǷλżȱ㻹˴(ղķ˹˿)
foot in the doorٵ
An initial point of or opportunity for entry.
ˣ룺Ļ
A first step in working toward a goal.
Ŀĵһ
have one foot in the graveʽ
To be on the verge of death, as from illness or severe trauma.
нľڼش˱
on (one's) feet
Standing up:
վţ
The crowd was on its feet for the last ten seconds.
ȺվŶɹʮ
Fully recovered, as after an illness or convalescence:
֮ȫ
The patient is on her feet again.
˸ԭ
In a sound or stable operating condition:
ǳȶת״̬
put the business back on its feet after years of mismanagement.
⼸ʧڸҵת
In an impromptu situation; extemporaneously:
ϯģ׼ģ
Politicians provide easy targets for grammatical nitpickers because they have to think on their feet(Springfield MA Morning Union)
Ǻױ﷨ΪӣΪǱ뼴ϯ˼(˹ַƶMA糿ϱ)
on the right foot
In an auspicious manner:
˳Էǳ˷ʽ
The project started off on the right foot but soon ran into difficulties.
Ŀʼʱǳ˳ܿ鷳
on the wrong foot
In an inauspicious manner:
˳Բ˵ķʽ
The project started off on the wrong foot.
һʼͲ˳
?
Middle English fot 
йӢ fot 
from Old English f?t * see  ped- 
Դ Ӣ f?t *μ ped- 
?
Used in combination with numbers to form expressionsdenoting units of measure,foot and feet are used typically in the following:  
ֽγɶʾĵλfoot  feet ͵У  
a four-foot plank; a plank four feet (less frequently, four foot ) long; a plank four feet six inches long  (or four foot six inches long ). 
a four-foot plank a plank four feet four foot   long; a plank four feet six inches long  four foot six inches long  
Whenfoot  is combined with greater numbers than one to refer to simple distance, however, only the pluralfeet  is used:  
foot ʹһָ룬 ֻøʽfeet   
a ledge 20 feet (not foot ) away. 
ʮӢԶĽʯ foot   
At that speed, a car moves 88 feet (not foot ) in a second.  
ٶȣÿʻ88Ӣ  foot )   

= =
fellow
fel.low
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[6fel*&]
K.K.[6fWlo]
n.ʣ
A man or boy.
˻С
Informal A boyfriend.
ʽ 
A comrade or an associate.
ͬ»
A person of equal rank, position, or background; a peer.
ͬͷΡλ򱳾ͬˣƥ
One of a pair; a mate:
һеһ
found the lost shoe and its fellow.
ҵ˶ʧЬһֻ
Abbr. F,F.A member of a learned society.
д F,F.ѧĳԱ
Abbr. F,F.A graduate student appointed to a position granting financial aid and providing for further study.
д F,F.оԱĳһְλԹһѧϰоо
Abbr. F,F.Chiefly British 
д F,F.Ӣ 
An incorporated senior member of certain colleges and universities.
ѧ£ĳЩѧԺѧеŸ߼Ա
A member of the governing body of certain colleges and universities.
УίԱίԱĳЩѧԺѧйһԱ
Obsolete A person of a lower social class.
 λµ
adj.ݴʣ
Being of the same kind, group, occupation, society, or locality; having in common certain characteristics or interests:
ͬµģͬģͬһࡢͬһ顢ͬһְҵͬһŻͬһģйͬģ
fellow workers.
ͬ
?
Middle English felau 
йӢ felau 
from Old English f?a 
Դ Ӣ f?a 
from Old Norse f?i [business partner, fellow] 
Դ ˹ά f?i [ҵϻˣ] 
from f?g [partnership] 
Դ f?g [ϵ] 
f?} [property, money] * see  peku- 
f?} [Ʋ] *μ peku- 
lag [a laying down] * see  legh- 
lag [] *μ legh- 
?
A jolly good fellow might or might not be the ideal business associate,but the ancestor of our wordfellow  definitely referred to a business partner.  Fellow,  borrowed into English from 
Old Norse,is related to the Old Icelandic wordf?,  meaning a partner or shareholder of any kind.Old Icelandicf?i  is derived from f?,  partnership, a compound made up off?,  
livestock, property, money, and lag,  a laying in order and fellowship. The notion of putting one's property together lies behind the senses off?i  meaning partner and 
consort.In Old Icelandicf?i  also had the general sense fellow, mate, comrade, whichfellow  has as well, indicating perhaps that most partnerships turned out all right for 
speakers of Old Icelandic.
õĻǵҲܲҵ飬fellow ʵǰȷʵָҵ顣  Fellow  ӹŲнӢűfelagi йأ ˼ǡκһʽĻ
ɶűfelagi Դ felag ϵ һfe 󣬲ƲǮ lag Ĳá͡ϵ ɵĺϳɴʡ ĳ˵ĲƲһĸ
felagi У ˼ǡ顱ͬ͡¡ڹűfelagi Ҳиĺ塰飬ͬ£ͬ־ Щ˼fellow ҲУ ʾҲͬϵԽű
˵

= =
fellowship
fel.low.ship
AHD:[fl?-sh1p] 
D.J.[6fel*&7.!p]
K.K.[6fWlo7.!p]
n.ʣ
The condition of sharing similar interests, ideals, or experiences, as by reason of profession, religion, or nationality.
磬壺ְҵڽ̻ԭ桢
The companionship of individuals in a congenial atmosphere and on equal terms.
ĸ־ȤͶķΧºƽȵĻϽеĽ
A close association of friends or equals sharing similar interests.
ѣϵеѻйͬȤ
Friendship; comradeship.
ꣻ
The financial grant made to a fellow in a college or university.
оԱнѧԺѧиоԱĲ
The status of having been awarded such a grant.
оԱְλʸ
A foundation established for the awarding of such a grant.
оԱΪṩĻ

= =
female
fe.male
AHD:[f?m3l] 
D.J.[6fi87me!l]
K.K.[6fi7mel]
adj.Abbr. fem.,f.,Fݴʣд fem.,f.,F
Of, relating to, or denoting the sex that produces ova or bears young.
ŮģŮԵģڡйػʾѻԱ
Characteristic of or appropriate to this sex; feminine.See Synonyms at feminine 
ŮԵģŮеģԱеĻԱģʾŮԵĲμ feminine
Consisting of members of this sex.
ŮԳԱɵ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Relating to or designating an organ, such as a pistil or an ovary, that functions in producing seeds after fertilization.
ԵģһйػָʾٵģܾеĴӷ
Bearing pistils but not stamens; pistillate:
ģģ
female flowers.
ƻ
Having a recessed part, such as a slot or receptacle, designed to receive a complementary male part:
ģ۹Ϊһ͹𲿷ֶƵİģ
the female section of an electrical outlet.
Դİ
n.Abbr. fem.,f.,Fʣд fem.,f.,F
A member of the sex that produces ova or bears young.
Ůƣѻеĸ
A woman or girl.
Ů˻Ů
Botany A plant having only pistillate flowers.
ֲѧ ꣺һֻдƻֲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration  influenced by male [male] * see  male 
   maleӰ [] *μ male
of femelle 
 femelleı仯 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin f?a [diminutive of] f?mina [woman] * see  dh?(i)- 
Դ  f?a  [] f?minaС׺ [Ů] *μ dh?(i)- 
?
femaleness
n.ʣ

= =
feminine
fem.i.nine
AHD:[fm-n1n] 
D.J.[6fem*n!n]
K.K.[6fWm*n!n]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to women or girls; female.
ŮԵģǻŮ˻ŮӵģŮԵ
Characterized by or possessing qualities generally attributed to a woman.
Ů˾еģŮͨеԵ
Effeminate; womanish.
ŮģŮƵ
Abbr. fem.,f.,F.Grammar Designating or belonging to the gender of words or grammatical forms that refer chiefly to females or to things classified as female.
д fem.,f.,F.﷨ ԵģڻָʾԱĴʻ﷨ʽҪָŮԵĻΪŮ
n.Abbr. fem.,f.,F.Grammar ʣд fem.,f.,F.﷨ 
The feminine gender.

A word or form belonging to the feminine gender.
Դʻʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin f?onus} 
Դ  f?onus} 
from f?a [woman] * see  dh?(i)- 
Դ f?a [Ů] *μ dh?(i)- 
?
femininely
adv.ʣ
feminineness
n.ʣ
?
feminine,female,womanly,womanish,effeminate,ladylike
These adjectives mean of, relating to, characteristic of, or appropriate to women.
ЩݴʶСڡڡڻŮԵġ˼
 Feminine  as the opposite ofmasculine  often refers to what is considered characteristic of women:  
 Feminine  masculine ԣָͨŮԵĶ  
feminine intuition.
ŮԵֱ
Female,  likemale,  categorizes by gender or sex; the term is not limited in application to human beings: 
Female  ͬmale һԱԶΪһģ һﲢ޶ֻʹࣺ 
the female population;
Ů˿ڣ
a female kitten;
ĸè
a female plant.
ꡣ
Womanly  describes qualities regarded as becoming to a woman: 
Womanly  дЩŮƵص㣺 
womanly virtue;
ŮԵ£
womanly sympathy.
ŮԵͬġ
Womanish  applies to qualities associated with women and traditionally considered undesirable in men: 
Womanish  ָŮ˾еԣͨҲָϲܻӭص㣺 
womanish tears.
Ůᡣ
Effeminate  is largely restricted in reference to men and implies lack of manliness or strength: 
Effeminate  ̶ָܴ˶ҰȱŻ˼ 
an effeminate walk.
Ĳӡ
Ladylike  is applicable to what befits women of good breeding: 
Ladylike  ָнŮƵģ 
ladylike manners. 
ŵľֹ 

= =
fence
fence
AHD:[fns] 
D.J.[fens]
K.K.[fWns]
n.ʣ
A structure serving as an enclosure, a barrier, or a boundary, usually made of posts or stakes joined together by boards, wire, or rails.
դͨľ塢߻˽ӻ׮ӰһɵΧ谭޵Ĺ
The art or sport of fencing.
˶
One who receives and sells stolen goods.
ߣߣܻ
A place where stolen goods are received and sold.
ĳ
Archaic A means of defense; a protection.
 ֶΣ
v.ʣ
fenced,fenc.ing,fenc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enclose with or as if with a fence.See Synonyms at enclose 
ûդΧμ enclose
To separate or close off by or as if by means of a fence.
ûդ
To ward off; keep away.

To defend.

To sell (stolen goods) to a fence.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice the art or sport of fencing.
ϰл˶
To use tactics similar to the parry and thrust of fencing.
öƵս
To avoid giving direct answers; hedge.
ش˸
To act as a conduit for stolen goods.
ȡתΪ
?
on the fenceʽ
Undecided as to which of two sides to support; uncommitted or neutral.
δ̬ģģδ֧˫еĳһģδ̬Ļ
?
Middle English fens 
йӢ fens 
short for defens [defense] * see  defense 
 defensļд [] *μ defense
?
fencer
n.ʣ

= =
ferry
fer.ry
AHD:[fr?] 
D.J.[6feri8]
K.K.[6fWri]
v.ʣ
fer.ried,fer.ry.ing,fer.ries 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Nautical 
 
To transport (people, vehicles, or goods) by boat across a body of water.
ˣöɴˮͣˡ
To cross (a body of water) by a ferry.
˶ɴɹˮ壩
To deliver (a vehicle, especially an aircraft) under its own power to its eventual user.
ͽͨߣָɻ䱾յʹ
To transport (people or goods) especially by aircraft.
ͣˣָ÷ɻ䣨˻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cross a body of water on or as if on a ferry.
ڶɣ˻˶ɴˮ
n.ʣ
 fer.ries 
Nautical 
 
A ferryboat.
ɴ
A place where passengers or goods are transported across a body of water, such as a river or bay, by a ferryboat.
ɿڣӻöɴ˿ͻ͹ˮĳ
A franchise or legal right to operate a ferrying service for a fee.
ڶȨΪȡѶӪڶҵȨϷȨ
A service and route for delivering an aircraft under its own power to its eventual user.
ɻˣѷɻʹ
?
Middle English ferien 
йӢ ferien 
from Old English ferian * see  per- 2
Դ Ӣ ferian *μ per- 2

= =
fertile
fer.tile
AHD:[f?rtl] 
D.J.[6fT8tl]
K.K.[6fPt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Biology 
ѧ 
Capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
ɷֳģֳֻܷṩ
Capable of growing and developing; able to mature:
ģͷչģܳģ
a fertile egg.
ܾ
Botany Bearing functional reproductive structures such as seeds or fruit or material such as spores or pollen.
ֲѧ ֳṹģӡʵӻֵнܽṹ
Bearing or producing crops or vegetation abundantly; fruitful.
ģĻũֲģ
Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth:
ֵģĵģάֲʵģ
fertile soil.
ֵ
Highly or continuously productive; prolific:
ḻģǳ߲Ļ򲻶ϲģḻģ
a fertile imagination; a fertile source of new ideas.
ḻ˼ķḻԴȪ
Physics Capable of producing fissionable material:
ѧ ܲѱʵģ
fertile thorium 232.
ܲѱʵ232
?
Middle English fertil 
йӢ fertil 
from Old French fertile 
Դ ŷ fertile 
from Latin fertilis 
Դ  fertilis 
from ferre [to bear] * see  bher- 1
Դ ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
fertilely
adv.ʣ
fertileness
n.ʣ
?
fertile,fecund,fruitful,productive,prolific
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by great productivity: 
Щݴе˼ǡмߵġ 
fertile farmland;
ֵũ
a fecund imagination;
ḻ
fruitful efforts;
˶ĳɹ
a productive meeting;
гЧĻ飻
a prolific writer. infertile 
 infertile

= =
fertilizer
fer.til.iz.er
AHD:[f?rtl-ozr] 
D.J.[6fT8tl7a!z*]
K.K.[6fPt17a!z+]
n.ʣ
Any of a large number of natural and synthetic materials, including manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity 
to support plant growth.
ϣԼ׺ͼػκδȻϳԭϣϻ乩ֲ

= =
festival
fes.ti.val
AHD:[fst-vl] 
D.J.[6fest*v*l]
K.K.[6fWst*v*l]
n.ʣ
An occasion for feasting or celebration, especially a day or time of religious significance that recurs at regular intervals.
գϲգܻصʱڣָڽжڼһһʱ
An often regularly recurring program of cultural performances, exhibitions, or competitions:
ڣݣھеĻݡչ
a film festival; a high-school music festival.
Ӱڣֻ
Revelry; conviviality.
磻ϲ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or suitable for a feast or festival; festive.
յģյġйؽյĻʺڽյģ
?
From Middle English [festive] 
Դ йӢ [ֵ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin f?3lis} 
Դ  f?3lis} 
from Latin f?ovus} 
Դ  f?ovus} 
from f?s * see  dh?s- 
Դ f?s *μ dh?s- 

= =
fetch
fetch 1
AHD:[fch] 
D.J.[fet.]
K.K.[fWt.]
v.ʣ
fetched,fetch.ing,fetch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come or go after and take or bring back:
ûأ߻ȥȡأ
The puppy fetched the stick that we had tossed.
СλӵĹ
To cause to come.
ʹ
To bring in as a price:
۵ãüǮ
fetched a thousand dollars at auction.
һǧԪ
To interest or attract.
ʹȤʹ
To draw in (breath); inhale.
루
To bring forth (a sigh, for example) with obvious effort.
úԵŬ̾Ϣ
Informal To deliver (a blow) by striking; deal.
ʽ 裨һ
Nautical To arrive at; reach:
 ִ
fetched port after a month at sea.
һµĺϺڵ˸ۿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go after something and return with it.
ȡȥĳﲢ֮
To retrieve killed game. Used of a hunting dog.
ԹҵأλرȮ
To take an indirect route.
Ƶֱӵ·
Nautical 
 
To hold a course.
Уǰн
To turn about; veer.
Ƶת
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of fetching.
ж
Computer Science A program routine that brings a module of a program from storage into main memory for immediate use.
ѧ ȡȡָȡΪʹöһģɴ洢ת洢г
A stratagem or trick.
ƻı
The distance over which a wind blows.
紵ĵط
The distance traveled by waves with no obstruction.
û谭ʱľ
?
fetch up
To reach a stopping place or goal; end up.
ֹͣĵطĿĵأ
To make up (lost time, for example).
ֲʧȥʱ䣩
To bring forth; produce.
𣻲
To bring to a halt; stop.
ͣ٣ֹͣ
?
Middle English fecchen 
йӢ fecchen 
from Old English feccean * see  ped- 
Դ Ӣ feccean *μ ped- 
?
fetcher
n.ʣ
?
fetch
fetch 2
AHD:[fch] 
D.J.[fet.]
K.K.[fWt.]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
A ghost; an apparition.
ꣻ
A doppelg?nger.
˵ģ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
fever
fe.ver
AHD:[f?vr] 
D.J.[6fi8v*]
K.K.[6fiv+]
n.ʣ
Abnormally high body temperature.
ȣĸ
Any of various diseases characterized by abnormally high body temperature.
ȲԲĸΪĸּеһ
A condition of heightened activity or excitement:
ǵĻ˷״̬
a fever of anticipation.
ҵ
A contagious, usually short-lived enthusiasm or craze:
ȣ㷺ġͨǶݵȣ
disco fever.
˹
v.ʣ
fe.vered,fe.ver.ing,fe.vers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To effect fever in.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become feverish.
Ȼ÷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fefor 
Դ Ӣ fefor 
and from Old French fievre 
Դ ŷ fievre 
both from Latin febris 
Դ  febris 

= =
few
few
AHD:[fy?] 
D.J.[fju8]
K.K.[fju]
adj.ݴʣ
few.er,few.est 
Amounting to or consisting of a small number:
ģģ൱ڻģ
one of my few bad habits.
ϰеһ
Being more than one but indefinitely small in number:
ٵģһЩģһȷĺС
bowled a few strings.
˼
n.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
An indefinitely small number of persons or things:
ȷ˻
A few of the books have torn jackets.
ķƤ
An exclusive or limited number:
Ļ޵
the discerning few; the fortunate few.
۹ˣ˵
pron.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
A small number of persons or things:
˻
For many are called, but few are chosen(Matthew 22:14)
ٵ˶࣬ѡϵ١(̫22:14)
?
Middle English fewe 
йӢ fewe 
from Old English f?e * see  pau- 
Դ Ӣ f?e *μ pau- 
?
fewness
n.ʣ
?
The traditional rule holds thatfewer  is used with expressions denoting things that can be counted (  
ͳĹΪfewer ָʾĴã  
fewer than four players), 
ĸѡ֣ 
whileless  is used with mass terms denoting things of measurable extent (  
less ܶɲΧָʾĴã  
less paper;
ٵֽţ
less than a gallon of paint). 
һصͿϣ 
However,less  is idiomatic in certain constructions wherefewer  would occur according to the traditional rule.  Less than  is used before a plural noun that denotes a measure of time, 
amount, or distance: 
Ȼless һľ䷨ṹогʣ fewer ԴͳĹ֡  Less than  ڱʾһʱ䡢߶ȵĸǰ 
less than three weeks;
ܣ
less than $400;
400Ԫ
less than 50 miles.Less  
50ӢLess  
is sometimes used with plural nouns in the expressionsno less than  (as in No less than 30 of his colleagues signed the letter ) andor less  (as in Give your reasons in 25 words or less 
). 
ʱno less than 븴ã ͬвʮλǷ  Լor less  òڶʮ  

= =
fibre
fi.bre
AHD:[fobr] 
D.J.[6fa!b*]
K.K.[6fa!b+]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of fiber 
 fiberı

= =
fiction
fic.tion
AHD:[f1kshn] 
D.J.[6f!k.*n]
K.K.[6f!k.*n]
n.Abbr. fict.ʣд fict.
An imaginative creation or a pretense that does not represent actuality but has been invented.
죬鹹ƷдʣʵģǱ
The act of inventing such a creation or pretense.
鹹죺鹹ƷڵΪ
A lie.
ѻ
A literary work whose content is produced by the imagination and is not necessarily based on fact.
С˵ĶһʵΪѧƷ
The category of literature comprising works of this kind, including novels and short stories.
С˵ࣺѧƷС˵ͶƪС
Law Something untrue that is intentionally represented as true by the narrator.
ɡ ٶ߹İʵ˵ɲʵʵ
?
Middle English ficcioun 
йӢ ficcioun 
from Old French fiction 
Դ ŷ fiction 
from Latin ficti?}  ficti?n- 
Դ  ficti?}  ficti?n- 
from fictus [past participle of] fingere [to form] * see  dheigh- 
Դ fictus  [] fingereĹȥִ [γ] *μ dheigh- 
?
fictional
adj.ݴʣ
fictionality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
fictionally
adv.ʣ
?
The latest fiction to most people means the latest novels or storiesrather than the most recently invented pretense or latest lie.All three senses of the wordfiction  point back to its 
source, Latin ficti?,  the action of shaping, a feigning, that which is feigned. Ficti?}  in turn was derived from fingere,  to make by shaping, feign, make up or invent a story or 
excuse. Our first instance offiction,  recorded in a work composed around 1412, was used in the sense invention of the mind, that which is imaginatively invented.It is not a far 
step from this meaning to the sense imaginative literature, first recorded in 1599.
µС˵Դ˵ָµС˵£ָĻԡFiction һʵе˼׷ݵеĴԴ fictio װα죬ٵΪ
 fictio Դ fingere һ»һڡ ǿһд1412ǰƷҵfiction ĵһӣ õ˼ǡͷе鹹ǳ
鹹ġһ˼Ѿ1599״μ¼ġ鹹ѧƷ˼ȥԶ

= =
field
field
AHD:[f?ld] 
D.J.[fi8ld]
K.K.[fild]
n.Abbr. fld.ʣд fld.
A broad, level, open expanse of land.
ԭҰҰһġˮƽġ
A meadow:
ݵأݵأ
a field of buttercups.
ëݢ
A cultivated expanse of land, especially one devoted to a particular crop:
أأֲָĳũ
a field of corn.
׵
A portion of land or a geologic formation containing a specified natural resource.
ضȻԴһƬػʲ
A wide, unbroken expanse, as of ice.
һƬһӲϵ򣬱ԭ
A battleground.
սս
A battle.
սս
The scene or an area of military operations or maneuvers.
սѵϰ
A military area away from headquarters.
Զܲľ»
A background area, as on a flag, painting, or coin:
ӣ졢ͼǮҵı
a blue insignia on a field of red.
ϵһɫ
Heraldry The background of a shield or one of the divisions of the background.
ѧ µɫµı򱳾һ
Sports 
˶ 
An area in which an athletic event takes place.
˶˶ĵط
The portion of a playing field having specific dimensions on which the action of a game takes place.
ضΧľбıصһ
All the contestants or participants in an event, especially all the contestants except the favorite or the winner in a contest of more than two.
ȫ壺μӱо߻ѡ֣ڳ˵ľгӮо
The members of a team engaged in active play.
μӱĶӵĳԱ
The body of riders following a pack of hounds in hunting.
μӴߣеĸһȺԹȫ
An area of human activity or interest:
ĻȤ
several fields of endeavor.
ܶ
A topic, a subject, or an area of academic interest or specialization.
⣬ΧһĿѧȤרҵ
Profession, employment, or business.
ְҵҵ
An area or a setting of practical activity or application outside an office, a school, a factory, or a laboratory:
ʵأҰ⣺칫ҡѧУʵʵӦõΧ
biologists working in the field; a product tested in the field.
Ұ⹤ѧңʵؼĲƷ
An area or a region where business activities are conducted:
ҵҵĵ
sales representatives in the field.
һҵĴ
Mathematics A set of elements having two operations, designated addition and multiplication, satisfying the conditions that multiplication is distributive over addition and that both 
operations are associative and commutative for all elements of the set, with the exception of the additive identity element, which is not commutative in respect to multiplication.
ѧ 壺мӷͳ˷һ˷ͬڼӷɣӷͳ˷п໥ϲڳ˷вɽ
ļԺԪ
Physics A region of space characterized by a physical property, such as gravitational or electromagnetic force or fluid pressure, having a determinable value at every point in the 
region.
ѧ ųʣҺѹĿռڴÿһһֵ
The usually circular area in which the image is rendered by the lens system of an optical instrument.Also called  field of view 
ѧ͸ϵͳܿͨԲܵҲ  field of view
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A defined area of a storage medium, such as a set of bit locations or a set of adjacent columns on a punch card, used to record a type of information consistently.
ֶΣΣ洢Ϲ涨紩׿ƬһλλûһڵУ¼һϢ
An element of a database record in which one piece of information is stored.
Ϣ飬飺洢һϢݿ¼Ԫ
adj.ݴʣ
Growing, cultivated, or living in fields or open land.
ģҰģĻֲ
Made, used, or carried on in the field:
Ұʹõģģ
field operations.
Ұҵ
Working, operating, or active in the field:
ģĳһģ
field representatives of a firm.
˾
v.ʣ
field.ed,field.ing,fields 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Sports 
˶ 
To retrieve (a ball) and perform the required maneuver, especially in baseball.
ָУȥȣ򣩲ָ
To place in the field to play:
ѡŵ
field a team.
֯
To give an unrehearsed response to:
ϯظδݹķӦ
fielded tough questions from the press.
ϯشŽļ
To place in competition.
μӾ
To put into action:
ʹж
field an army of campaign workers.
һȺѡԱ
v.intr.Sports ﶯʣ˶ 
To play as a fielder.
ⳡԱ
?
take the field
To begin or resume activity, as in military operations or in a sport.
󣬿սھжһ˶У俪ʼ¿ʼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English feld * see  pel- 2
Դ Ӣ feld *μ pel- 2
?
field,bailiwick,domain,province,realm,sphere,territory
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an area of activity, thought, study, or interest: 
Щ˼ǣ˼롢ѧϰȤ򡱣 
the field of comparative literature;
Ƚѧ
considers psychology her bailiwick;
Ϊѧר
the domain of physics;

the province of politics;
ѧоΧ
the realm of constitutional law;
ܷ磻
the nation's sphere of influence;
ӰķΧ
the territory of historical research. 
ʷо 
?
Field
Field
AHD:[f?ld] Cyrus West (1819-1892) 
D.J.[fi8ld]
K.K.[fild]
NONE޴ԣ
American merchant and financier who planned and oversaw the laying of the transatlantic telegraph cable (completed 1866).
ƶ£˹Τ˹أ(1819-1892) ˼ڼңƲල˺ĵ蹤̣1866ɣ
?
Field
FieldDavid Dudley (1805-1894)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist known for his efforts to codify New York State law and regularize court procedures.
ƶ£ά(1805-1894) רңŬŦԼݷɺ͹淶ͥ
?
Field
FieldEugene (1850-1895)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer best known for his children's verse, especially the lullabies Wynken, Blynken, and Nod and Little Boy Blue.
ƶ£Ƚ(1850-1895) ңͯʫΪҡ"Wynken, Blynken, and Nod"ɫСк
?
Field
FieldMarshall (1834-1906)
NONE޴ԣ
American merchant who organized Marshall Field and Company, the largest wholesale and retail dry goods establishment of the late 1800's.
ƶ£Ъ(1834-1906) ˣЪ̵͹˾ù˾19ĩĸɻҵ
?
Field
FieldStephen Johnson (1816-1899)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1863-1897).
ƶ£˹ٷҡԼѷ(1816-1899) רң1863-1897߷Ժ󷨹

= =
fierce
fierce
AHD:[f?rs] 
D.J.[f!*s]
K.K.[f!rs]
adj.ݴʣ
fierc.er,fierc.est 
Having a savage and violent nature; ferocious.See Synonyms at cruel 
͵ģ̵ģҰĺͲ̵ʵģ͵Ĳμ cruel
Extremely severe or violent; terrible:
µģµĻΪҵģµģ
the fierce thunders roar me their music(Ezra Pound)
޴Ҷߺ(ӵ)
Extremely intense or ardent:
ǳģ˵ģǿһҵģ
fierce loyalty.See Synonyms at intense 
Ĺμ intense
Strenuously active or resolute:
ǿҵģǳᶨģ
a fierce attempt to escape.
ܵǿԸ
Informal Very difficult or unpleasant:
ʽ ѻģ
a fierce exam.
һѵĿ
Savage or threatening in appearance.
Ұģ׶ĻĿ
?
Middle English fiers 
йӢ fiers 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ferus * see  ghwer- 
Դ  ferus *μ ghwer- 
?
fiercely
adv.ʣ
fierceness
n.ʣ

= =
fifteen
fif.teen
AHD:[f1f-t?n] 
D.J.[f!f6ti8n]
K.K.[f!f6tin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 14 + 1.
ʮ壺14+1Ļ
The 15th in a set or sequence.
ʮ壺һһϵеʮ
?
Middle English fiftene 
йӢ fiftene 
from Old English fo?ne} * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ fo?ne} *μ penk we 
?
fifteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
fifth
fifth
AHD:[f1fth] 
D.J.[f!fG]
K.K.[f!fG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number five in a series.
壺ϵڵ
One of five equal parts.
֮һ
One fifth of a gallon or four fifths of a quart of liquor.
֮һػһѾƵ֮
Music 
֡ 
An interval encompassing five diatonic tones, such as C, D, E, F, and G.
̣ȫCDEFGʱ
The harmonic combination of the two tones constituting the extremities of such an interval.
Ⱥ̵ĩ˵ĺ
The dominant in a given key or tonality.
ӻе
Fifth The Fifth Amendment. Used withthe.  
 Fifth ޶ܷthe  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English foa * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ foa *μ penk we 
?
fifth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
fifthly
adv.ʣ

= =
fifty
fif.ty
AHD:[f1ft?] 
D.J.[6f!fti8]
K.K.[6f!fti]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 5  10.
ʮ510Ļ
fifties 
 fifties 
Often Fifties The decade from 50 to 59 in a century.
  Fifties ʮһд50굽59ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 50 to 59:
ʮʮţʮʮֻ֮ʮʮ֮䣺
They began playing golf in their fifties. With the sunshine, the temperature reached the fifties.
ʮʱʼ߶ġ¶ȴﵽʮ
?
Middle English fifti 
йӢ fifti 
from Old English fog * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ fog *μ penk we 
?
fifty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
fight
fight
AHD:[fot] 
D.J.[fa!t]
K.K.[fa!t]
v.ʣ
fought[f?t] fight.ing,fights 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To attempt to harm or gain power over an adversary by blows or with weapons.
սͼͨ˺˻ӵȨ
Sports To engage in boxing or wrestling.
˶ ȭˤӣȭˤ
To engage in a quarrel; argue:
ۣڽǣۣ
They are always fighting about money.
ΪǮڽ
To strive vigorously and resolutely:
ܾǿغͼض
fought against graft; fighting for her rights.
ܾ̰۸ΪȨܶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To contend with physically or in battle.
ս̣ϻսϷ
To wage or carry on (a battle).
Уս
To contend for, by or as if by combat:
ܶͨͨս
I now resolved that Calais should be fought to the death(Winston S. Churchill)
ҾΪ˹ս(˹S.𼪶)
Sports To box or wrestle against in a ring.
˶ ȭˤӣȭˤӳȭˤӱ
To participate in (a boxing match, for example).
μӣȭ
To set (a boxer, for example) in combat with another.See Synonyms at oppose 
ʹսʹȭ֣һ˽вμ oppose
To contend with or struggle against:
ܶԿ롭жܶ
fight cancer; fight temptation.
방֢ջ
To try to prevent the development or success of.
ֹͼֹչֹĳɹ
To gain by struggle or striving:
ãͨܶõ
fought my way to the top.
ŬʹԼ
n.ʣ
A confrontation between opposing groups in which each attempts to harm or gain power over the other, as with bodily force or weapons.
ս˫֮ԣÿͼ˺ͳζԷñ
A quarrel or conflict.
ܣ
A physical conflict between two or more individuals.
񶷣˻֮ϵĶŹ
Sports A boxing or wrestling match.
˶ ȭˤӱ
A struggle to achieve an objective.See Synonyms at conflict 
ܶΪﵽһĿŬμ conflict
The power or inclination to fight; pugnacity:
öսϲսս
I just didn't have any fight left in me.
һҲö
?
fight off
To defend against or drive back (a hostile force, for example).
ֿˣˣһɵж
?
fight fire with fire
To combat one evil or one set of negative circumstances by reacting in kind.
Զа򷴶ʱ֮
fight shy of
To avoid meeting or confronting.
ηܣܿ
?
Middle English fighten 
йӢ fighten 
from Old English feohtan, fihtan 
Դ Ӣ feohtan, fihtan 
?
fightability
n.ʣ
fightable
adj.ݴʣ
fightingly
adv.ʣ

= =
figure
fig.ure
AHD:[f1gyr] 
D.J.[6f!gj*]
K.K.[6f!gj+]
n.Abbr. fig.ʣд fig.
A written or printed symbol representing something other than a letter, especially a number.
ţ֣ĳдӡˢţĸ
figures Mathematical calculations:
 figures 
good at figures.
ó
An amount represented in numbers:
۸ʾļֵ
sold for a large figure.
Ը߼۳
Mathematics A geometric form consisting of any combination of points, lines, or planes:
ѧ ͼΣɵ㡢߻ϹɵļͼΣ
A triangle is a plane figure.
ƽͼ
The outline, form, or silhouette of a thing.
Σĳλ
The shape or form of a human body.
ģ״
An indistinct object or shape:
ģ
saw figures dashing down the street.
ģӰǱȥ
A person, especially a well-known one:
ˣ
a famous historical figure.
һλʷ
A person's public image or presence:
һ˵Ĺȣ
became a tragic figure overnight.
һҹ֮һ
Impression or appearance made:
òƳɵ
cuts a dashing figure.
̳ģ
A person, an animal, or an object that symbolizes something.
ĳˡ
A pictorial or sculptural representation, especially of the human body.
ͼƬܵıָ֣
A diagram.
ͼ
A design or pattern, as in a textile:
ƣʽ֯ϵͼͼ
silk with a paisley figure.
лͼ˿
An illustration printed from an engraved plate or block.
ӡͼΣӡԱ̵ӻľͼ
A configuration or distinct group of steps in a dance.
貽ͣһ赸вӵ״Եʽ
A pattern traced by a series of movements, as in ice skating.
ʽеһϵжʽ
Music A brief melodic or harmonic unit often constituting the base for a larger phrase or structure.
֡ ͣһ̶ҹɵĻͣΪһṹɻ
Logic Any one of the forms that a syllogism can take, depending on the position of the middle term.
߼ѧ λõеһʽ
v.ʣ
fig.ured,fig.ur.ing,fig.ures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Mathematics To calculate with numbers.
ѧ 
To make a likeness of; depict.
ʹ󡭣
To adorn with a design or figures.
ͼͼװ
Music To indicate the chordal structure of (a bass line of single notes) with a sequence of conventionalized numbers.
֡ ֱʾҵĽṹϰ׻ֵ˳ʾĵҵĽṹ
Informal 
ʽ 
To conclude, believe, or predict:
óۣţԤ⣺
I never figured that this would happen.
Ҵû뵽ᷢ
To consider or regard:
Ϊǣ
figured them as con artists.
Ϊƭ˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Mathematics To calculate; compute.
ѧ 㣻
To be or seem important or prominent.
¶ͷǻԵҪ
To be pertinent or involved:
ػ룺
politicians who figured in the scandal.
еμ
Informal To seem reasonable or expected:
ʽ ԵúĻƺԤڵģ
It figures.
ƺǶԵİ
?
figure in
To include, as in making an account:
ڼУ
figured in travel expenses.
зõ
figure on ʽ
To depend on:

We figured on your support.
Ǿָ֧
To take into consideration; expect:
ѡڣ
I figured on an hour's delay.
ҹҪӳһСʱ
To plan:
ƻ
We figure on leaving at noon.
Ǽƻ
figure out ʽ
To discover or decide:
ֻ
Let's figure out a way to help.
ҳİ취
To solve or decipher:
룺
Can you figure out this puzzle?
ҵյ?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fig?a * see  dheigh- 
Դ  fig?a *μ dheigh- 
?
figurer
n.ʣ
?
figure,design,device,motif,pattern
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an element or a component in a decorative composition: 
Ще˼ǡװƷеһԪػɷ֡ 
a tapestry with a floral figure;
ŽصĹ̺
a rug with a geometric design;
ԼͼΪͼĵ̺
a brooch with a fanciful and intricate device;
ظӵ룻
a scarf with a heart motif;
ӡͼΧ
fabric with a plaid pattern. See also Synonyms at  calculate ,form 
иӻͼë֯Ʒ μͬ calculate,form

= =
file
file 1
AHD:[fol] 
D.J.[fa!l]
K.K.[fa!l]
n.ʣ
A container, such as a cabinet or folder, for keeping papers in order.
ļУ˳ļ絵ļ
A collection of papers or published materials kept or arranged in convenient order.
ļʵ˳򱣴õļռƷ
Computer Science A collection of related data or program records.
ѧ ļĵϻ¼ļ
A line of persons, animals, or things positioned one behind the other.
Уһһķʽվһˡ
A line of troops or military vehicles so positioned.
ʿлоеһʿ䳵
Games Any of the rows of squares that run vertically or between players on a playing board in chess or checkers.
Ϸ Уڹ̻һдֱлϷ֮ķ
Archaic A list or roll.
 
v.ʣ
filed,fil.ing,files 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or keep (papers, for example) in useful order for storage or reference.
ѡ鵵ѣļڱ鿼õ˳û򱣴
To enter (a legal document) on public official record.
ڹٷĵѣһݷļ빫¼
To send or submit (copy) to a newspaper.
ĸ磺ͻṩֽ
To carry out the first stage of (a lawsuit, for example):
룺Уϣĵһ׶Σ
filed charges against my associate.
ҵͬ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To march or walk in a line.
н
To put items in a file.
鵵Ŀ뵵
To make application; apply:
룻룺
filed for a job with the state; file for a divorce.
һλĹ
To enter one's name in a political contest:
ǼǺѡѡеǼѡˣ
filed for Congress.
ǼǺѡԱ
?
on file
In or as if in a file for easy reference:
浵Ϊ˱ڲ鿼ڻڵУ
We will keep your rsum on file.
ǽļ뵵
?
From Middle English filen [to put documents on file] 
Դ йӢ filen [ļ뵵] 
from Old French filer [to spin thread, to put documents on a thread] 
Դ ŷ filer [ߣĳһõ] 
from Late Latin fo3re} [to spin, draw out in a long line] 
Դ  fo3re} [һС] 
from Latin fom [thread] * see  g who- 
Դ  fom [] *μ g who- 
?
file
file 2
AHD:[fol] 
D.J.[fa!l]
K.K.[fa!l]
n.ʣ
Any of several hardened steel tools with cutting ridges for forming, smoothing, or reducing especially metallic surfaces.
ﱵһִΪγɡĥƽٽƽиԵļӲ
A nail file.
ָ
Chiefly British A crafty or artful person.
Ӣ ƻˣƻĻթ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
filed,fil.ing,files 
To smooth, reduce, or remove with or as if with a file.
ƽﱳûƺĥƽٻȥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fol * see  peig- 
Դ Ӣ fol *μ peig- 
?
file
file 3
AHD:[fol] 
D.J.[fa!l]
K.K.[fa!l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
filed,fil.ing,files  
To make sullied or corrupt; defile.
ŪۣŪ
?
Middle English filien 
йӢ filien 
from Old English ftn * see  p- 
Դ Ӣ ftn *μ p- 

= =
fill
fill
AHD:[f1l] 
D.J.[f!l]
K.K.[f!l]
v.ʣ
filled,fill.ing,fills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into as much as can be held:
ܶװ룺
fill a glass with milk.
һţ
To supply to the fullest extent:
޶ȹ
fill a concert hall.

To build up the level of (low-lying land) with material such as earth or gravel.
ɰʯȲϼӸߣ͵صģˮƽ
To stop or plug up (an opening, for example).
סֹͣһˣ
To repair a cavity of (a tooth).
ģ
To add a foreign substance to (cloth or wood, for example).
ӣ粼ľͷ
To satiate, as with food and drink.
Ա㣺ʳʹ
To satisfy or meet; fulfill:
㣬ӭϣʹʹ㣻У
fill the requirements.See Synonyms at satisfy 
μ satisfy
To complete (something) by insertion or addition:
룺ͨӵķʽɣĳ£
fill in the blanks.

To supply with material, such as writing, an inscription, or an illustration:
ṩ򲹳ϣд֤
filled the blank spaces on the page with notes.
ҳհ״дע
To supply as required:
㣺
fill a prescription; fill an order.
ҩӦ
To place a person in:
ְĳ˰ĳְ
fill a job vacancy.
Ŀȱ
To possess and discharge the duties of; hold:
ΣлִСΣУ
fill a post.
й
To occupy the whole of; pervade:
ȫռ
Music filled the room.
ֳ
To spread throughout:
飺
Fear filled the city.
־鼰ȫ
To engage or occupy completely; make full:
ȫռݣʹ
filled the child's mind with strange ideas; a story that filled our hearts with joy.
ʹӵͷг˹Źֵ뷨һʹϲõĹ
To cover the surface of (an inexpensive metal) with a layer of precious metal, such as gold.
ƣùؽȸǣǹģ
Nautical 
 
To cause (a sail) to swell.
ʹ
To adjust (a yard) so that wind will cause a sail to swell.
ŷ죩ʹԳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become full.

n.ʣ
An amount needed to make full, complete, or satisfied:
㣺ʹɻҪ
eat one's fill.

Material for filling a container, cavity, or passage.
װͨ
A built-up piece of land; an embankment.
·̣һӸߵأ̰
The material, such as earth or gravel, used for fill.
õĲϣɰʯ
?
fill in
Informal To provide with information that is essential or newly acquired:
ʽ ṩϢṩĻõϢ
I wasn't therewould you fill me in?
ҲܸǵϢ
To act as a substitute; stand in:
ݴ油ʱ油
an understudy who filled in at the last minute.
һӲʱ油Ա
fill out
To complete (a form, for example) by providing required information:
дͨṩϢʹʽɣ
carefully filled out the job application.
ϸд
To become or make more fleshy:
֣ûʹø֣
He filled out after age 35.
35֮
?
fill (someone's) shoes
To assume someone's position or duties.
ȡĳ˵ְλ
fill the billʽ
To serve a particular purpose.
ضĿ
?
Middle English fillen 
йӢ fillen 
from Old English fyllan * see  pel- 1
Դ Ӣ fyllan *μ pel- 1

= =
film
film
AHD:[f1lm] 
D.J.[f!lm]
K.K.[f!lm]
n.ʣ
A thin skin or membrane.
ƤĤ
A thin, opaque, abnormal coating on the cornea of the eye.
裺۾Ĥһּġ͸ġ
A thin covering or coating:
㣺ĸڱ
a film of dust on the piano.
һ㳾
A thin, flexible, transparent sheet, as of plastic, used in wrapping or packaging.
ĤϵıġĲ͸ڹװıĤ
A thin sheet or strip of flexible material, such as a cellulose derivative or a thermoplastic resin, coated with a photosensitive emulsion and used to make photographic negatives or 
transparencies.
ƬһʵıƬƷ֬ͿийƬƬõƬ
A thin sheet or strip of developed photographic negatives or transparencies.
ƬõƬӰƬõƬıƬ
A movie.
Ӱ
Movies considered as a group.
ӰƬһĵӰ
A coating of magnetic alloys on glass used in manufacturing computer storage devices.
ĤڲϵĴԺϽͿ㣬洢װ
v.ʣ
filmed,film.ing,films 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with or as if with a film.
ڡϸԱĤԻԱĤ
To make a movie of or based on:
㣺㡭ĻڡĵӰ
film a rocket launch; film a scene from a ballet.
䣻ưһĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become coated or obscured with or as if with a film:
ʣϻ󱻸һ㱡Ĥģ壺
The window filmed over with moisture.
ϸˮģ
To make or shoot scenes for a movie.
ƵӰΪһӰƬ㳡
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English filmen * see  pel- 3
Դ Ӣ filmen *μ pel- 3
?
One indication of the gulf between us and our Victorian predecessorsis that theOxford English Dictionary  fascicle containing the word film,  published in 1896, does not have the sense 
a motion picture. The one hint of the future to be found among still familiar older senses of the word,such as a thin skin or membranous coating or an abnormal thin coating 
on the cornea,is the sense offilm  used in photography, a sense referring to a coating of material, such as gelatin,that could substitute for a photographic plate or be used on a plate or 
on photographic paper.Thus a word that has been with us since Old English times took on this new use,first recorded in 1845,which has since developed and now refers to an art form,a 
sense first recorded in 1920.
ͬάʱ֮ľ޴ҵı֣1896ġţӢʵ䡷 ֲ film һûСӰ塣 ڵзֵĶδʾȻͬ
ľ˼硰һ㱡Ƥ򸲸ǵıĤ򡰽Ĥһֲıĸfilm Ӱĺ壬 ˼ָ罺Դйڸйϻ
ֽ֮ϡ˴ӹӢʱ÷ʼͬһˣ1845״α¼ʱչָһʽ1920״μ¼

= =
filter
fil.ter
AHD:[f1ltr] 
D.J.[6f!lt*]
K.K.[6f!lt+]
n.ʣ
A porous material through which a liquid or gas is passed in order to separate the fluid from suspended particulate matter.
ڹ˵ĲϣͨҺĶʣԱзҺ
A device containing such a substance.
ʵ豸
Any of various electric, electronic, acoustic, or optical devices used to reject signals, vibrations, or radiations of certain frequencies while passing others.
˹ɫ˲һֵѧġѧġѧĻѧ豸ͨʱضƵʵźš񶯻
v.ʣ
fil.tered,fil.ter.ing,fil.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass (a liquid or gas) through a filter.
ˣʹҺ壩ͨ
To remove by passing through a filter:
˳ùȥ
filter out impurities.
˳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass through or as if through a filter:
ˣ͸ͨͨ
Light filtered through the blinds.
ͨ
To come or go gradually and in small groups:
͸𽥡СؽԽ
The audience filtered back into the hall.
𽥴Ӻ󲿽
?
Middle English filtre 
йӢ filtre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin filtrum 
Դ  filtrum 
[of Germanic origin] * see  pel- 5
[Դն] *μ pel- 5
?
filterer
n.ʣ
filterless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
final
fi.nal
AHD:[fonl] 
D.J.[6fa!n*l]
K.K.[6fa!n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Forming or occurring at the end; last:
ģγɻģģ
the final scene of a film.
Ӱ
Of or constituting the end result of a succession or process; ultimate:
յģ̵Ļɴɵģģ
an act with an immediate purpose and a final purpose.
ֱӺĿĵж
Not to be changed or reconsidered; unalterable:
ԵģñĻ仯ģܸıģ
The judge's decision is final.See Synonyms at last 1
ٵĲþǲɸĵĲμ last1
n.ʣ
Something that comes at or forms the end, especially:
βγĩβĶָ
The last or one of the last of a series of contests:
һϵоյһ
the finals of a state spelling bee.
ȫƴִ
The last examination of an academic course.
һοԣһѧγ̵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fo3lis} 
Դ  fo3lis} 
from fos [end] 
Դ fos [] 
?
finally
adv.ʣ

= =
finance
fi.nance
AHD:[f-n2ns, fo-, fon2ns] 
D.J.[f*6n#ns, fa!-, 6fa!7n#ns]
K.K.[f*6n#ns, fa!-, 6fa!7n#ns]
n.ʣ
Abbr. fin.The science of the management of money and other assets.
д fin.ѧʽƲĹѧ
The management of money, banking, investments, and credit.
ʽҵͶʺŴĹ
finances Monetary resources; funds, especially those of a government or corporate body.
 finances ԴʽԴ˾ȵĻ
The supplying of funds or capital.
ʽʱʽʱṩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fi.nanced,fi.nanc.ing,fi.nanc.es 
To provide or raise the funds or capital for:
ʽΪṩʽʱ
financed a new car.
Ϊ³Ǯ
To supply funds to:
ṩʽ
financing a daughter through law school.
Ů귨ѧУ
To furnish credit to.
ṩ
?
Middle English finaunce [settlement, money supply] 
йӢ finaunce [Ǯ] 
from Old French finance [payment] 
Դ ŷ finance [] 
from finer [to pay ransom] 
Դ finer [] 
from fin [end] 
Դ fin [] 
from Latin fos 
Դ  fos 
?
financeable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
financial
fi.nan.cial
AHD:[f-n2nshl, fo-] 
D.J.[f*6n#n.*l, fa!-]
K.K.[f*6n#n.*l, fa!-]
adj.Abbr. fin.ݴʣд fin.
Of, relating to, or involving finance, finances, or financiers.
ģڵģġڵĻҵģڻڼйصģ漰ġڵĻҵ
?
financially
adv.ʣ
?
financial,pecuniary,fiscal,monetary
These adjectives mean of or relating to money ( 
Щݴʵ˼Ǯйأ 
a financial adviser;
ʣ
pecuniary motives;
ǮĶ
a fiscal year;
ȣ
monetary considerations), but they often differ in application.
ҳ𣩣 Ӧʱǲͬġ
 Financial  frequently refers to transactions involving money on a large scale: 
 Financial  ָ漰ģǮĽף 
Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses.
˾ھ˴ۡ
Pecuniary  is more appropriate to the private, small-scale dealings of individuals: 
Pecuniary  ڸǵ˽˵Сģף 
He received thanks but no pecuniary compensation for his services.
ķֻõһллȴûϵĲ
Fiscal   applies especially to a nation's financial practices and policies: 
Fiscal  ָҲߣ 
The Secretary of the Treasury is the chief fiscal officer of our government.
ҪԱ
Monetary  has special reference to the coinage, printing, or circulation of currency: 
Monetary  ָ ҵҡӡ뷢У 
The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar. 
ҵĻλԪ 

= =
find
find
AHD:[fond] 
D.J.[fa!nd]
K.K.[fa!nd]
v.ʣ
found[found] find.ing,finds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come upon, often by accident; meet with.
ͨ
To come upon after a search:
ҵͨѰ
found the hidden leak in the pipe.
̶ҵһصȱ
To discover or ascertain through observation, experience, or study:
֣ȷͨ۲졢оֻ
found a solution; find the product of two numbers; found that it didn't really matter.
ֽ취Ľ޹ؽҪ
To perceive to be, after experience or consideration:
Ϊ֪֮
found the gadget surprisingly useful; found the book entertaining.
ƷǳãΪⱾȤ
To experience or feel:
еоõ
found comfort in her smile.
΢Це
To recover (something lost):
ҵʧĳ
found her keys.
ʧԿ
To recover the use of; regain:
ָʧã»á;ָ
found my voice and replied.
¿ڲش
To succeed in reaching; arrive at:
ﵽɹشﵽ
The dart found its mark.
ǹ䵽˱
To obtain or acquire by effort:
ãͨŬûȡã
found the money by economizing.
ͨԼõǮ
To decide on and make a declaration about:
¾Ͷԡƣ
The jury deliberated and found a verdict of guilty. All but one of the jurors found him guilty.
Ž鲢Ĳþһеٶ
To furnish; supply.
Ӧṩ
To bring (oneself) to an awareness of what one truly wishes to be and do in life.
ףԼӦߵķ򣩣ʹԼʶԼΪ˻
To perceive (oneself) to be in a specific place or condition:
оԼλãʹԼʶضλû
found herself at home that night; found himself drawn to the stranger.
ԼڼУԼһİǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to a legal decision or verdict:
оóһϷľо
The jury found for the defendant.
ŶԱо
n.ʣ
The act of finding.
ֵ֣Ϊ
Something that is found, especially an unexpectedly valuable discovery:
ֵָδԤϵмֵķ֣
the Rosetta stone, that providential archaeological find.
ʯ壬һ˵Ŀŷ
?
find out
To ascertain (something), as through examination or inquiry:
ͨ۲ѯʲĳ£
I found out the phone number by looking it up. If you're not sure, find out.
ͨҲ鵽˵绰롣㲻϶һ
To detect the true nature or character of; expose:
֣̽ʣ¶
Liars risk being found out.
ƭӱҴΣ
To detect and apprehend; catch:
̽ץס
Most embezzlers are found out in the end.
̰۷󶼱鰸
?
Middle English finden 
йӢ finden 
from Old English findan * see  pent- 
Դ Ӣ findan *μ pent- 
?
findable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
finding
find.ing
AHD:[fond1ng] 
D.J.[6fa!nd!0]
K.K.[6fa!nd!0]
n.ʣ
Something that has been found.

A conclusion reached after examination or investigation:
ۣóĽ
the finding of a grand jury; a coroner's findings.
ŵʬٵı
A statement or document containing an authoritative decision or conclusion:
оþȨԾ۵ļ
a presidential finding that authorized the covert operation.
Ȩжƻͳļ
findings Small tools and materials used by an artisan:
 findings ĹƷʹõС͹߻ϣ
a jeweler's findings.
鱦̵Ĺ

= =
fine
fine 1
AHD:[fon] 
D.J.[fa!n]
K.K.[fa!n]
adj.ݴʣ
fin.er,fin.est 
Of superior quality, skill, or appearance:
ϵȵģõģģŵģ
a fine day; a fine writer.
õ죻ɫ
Very small in size, weight, or thickness:
ϸģϸµģߴ硢ͺȶСģ
fine type; fine paper.
Сֽͣ
Free from impurities.
ģʵ
Abbr. f.,F.Metallurgy Containing pure metal in a specified proportion or amount:
д f.,F.ұѧ ȵģضıϰģ
gold 21 carats fine.
21
Very sharp; keen:
ǳģģ
a blade with a fine edge.
зصĵ
Thin; slender:
ϸģϸģ
fine hairs.
ϸķ˿
Exhibiting careful and delicate artistry:
ɵģչ־ġĹյģ
fine china.See Synonyms at delicate 
Ĵμ delicate
Consisting of very small particles; not coarse:
ϸ΢ģ΢ģǳСӵģֲڵģ
fine dust.
΢
Subtle or precise:
΢ϸģȷģ
a fine difference.
ϸ΢
Able to make or detect effects of great subtlety or precision; sensitive:
ģܹҵ̽ϸ΢֮ȷȵģеģ
has a fine eye for color.
ɫ۹
Trained to the highest degree of physical efficiency:
ѵģΪﵽЧʵļ޶еѵģ
a fine racehorse.
ǿѵ
Characterized by refinement or elegance.
ŵģµģо»ŵ
Being in a state of satisfactory health; quite well:
õģĽ״̬ģʮֺõģ
I'm fine. And you?
Һܺã?
Used as an intensive:
ǿģ
a fine mess.
ʮ
adv.ʣ
Finely.
أϸ
Informal Very well:
ʽ ܺã
doing fine.
ɵúܳɫ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
fined,fin.ing,fines 
To make or become finer, purer, or cleaner.
ƣʹϸʹʹΪøáྻ
?
Middle English fin 
йӢ fin 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fos [end] 
Դ  fos [] 
?
fineness
n.ʣ
?
fine
fine 2
AHD:[fon] 
D.J.[fa!n]
K.K.[fa!n]
n.ʣ
A sum of money required to be paid as a penalty for an offense.
ΪΥͷ֧һʿ
Law 
ɡ 
A forfeiture or penalty to be paid to the offended party in a civil action.
⳥иܺһķ򷣿
An amicable settlement of a suit over land ownership.
ͣȨϵѺýʽ
Obsolete An end; a termination.
 յ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fined,fin.ing,fines 
To require the payment of a fine from; impose a fine on.
ӡ÷𣻷
?
in fine
In conclusion; finally.
ۣ
In summation; in brief.
֮֮ܶ
?
Middle English fin 
йӢ fin 
from Old French [settlement, compensation] 
Դ ŷ [⳥] 
from Medieval Latin fos 
Դ  fos 
from Latin fos [end] 
Դ  fos [] 
?
finable  
fineable
adj.ݴʣ
?
fine
fine 3
AHD:[f?n3] 
D.J.[6fi8ne!]
K.K.[6fine]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
The end.
ĩβ
?
Italian 
 
from Latin fos [end] 
Դ  fos [ֹ] 

= =
finger
fin.ger
AHD:[f1nggr] 
D.J.[6f!0g*]
K.K.[6f!0g+]
n.ʣ
One of the five digits of the hand, especially one other than the thumb.
ָƵն˲֮һָĴָһָ
The part of a glove designed to cover a finger.
ָ֣׵ÿһָĲ
Something, such as an oblong peninsula, that resembles one of the digits of the hand.
ָ״ָĶİ뵺
The length or width of a finger.
ָָһָĳȻ
A degree of participation; a share:
룬ףĳ̶ȣ
seems almost sure to have a finger or two in crafting the final blueprint(George B. Merry)
ƺҪͼʱ롱(B.÷)
An obscene gesture of defiance or derision made by pointing or jabbing the middle finger upward. Often used withthe.  
սͳŪƣһΥЦƣָָͨthe  
v.ʣ
fin.gered,fin.ger.ing,fin.gers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To touch with the fingers; handle.See Synonyms at touch 
ָμ touch
Music 
֡ 
To mark (a score) with indications of which fingers are to play the notes.
ָţָԱָ
To play (an instrument) by using the fingers in a particular order or way.
ָࣺض˳򷽷ָͨࣨ
Slang 
ٵ 
To inform on.
淢
To designate, especially as an intended victim.
ѡָָΪԤܺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To handle something with the fingers.
ָĳ
Music To use the fingers in playing an instrument.
֡ ָ
?
have (one's) fingers crossed 
keep (one's) fingers crossed
To hope for a successful or advantageous outcome.
ϣɹϣõɹĽ
twist around (one's) little finger 
wrap around (one's) little finger
To dominate utterly and effortlessly.
Ҳؿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ *μ penk we 
?
fingerer
n.ʣ
fingerless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
finish
fin.ish
AHD:[f1n1sh] 
D.J.[6f!n!.]
K.K.[6f!n!.]
v.ʣ
fin.ished,fin.ish.ing,fin.ish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrive at or attain the end of:
ﵽյ㣺
finish a race.
ܵյ
To bring to an end; terminate:
ֹݸһ䣻ʹֹͣ
finished cleaning the room.
ɨ귿
To consume all of; use up:
ꣻԹ⣺
finish a pie.
һڱ
To bring to a desired or required state:
ɣʹﵽԤڻҪ״̬
finish a painting.See Synonyms at complete 
μ complete
To give (wood, for example) a desired or particular surface texture.
׹⣺ľģĻı
To destroy; kill:
ٵɱ
finished the injured horse with a bullet.
һǹֻ˵
To bring about the ruin of:
ʹʹƲ
The stock market crash finished many speculators.
ƱгʹͶƲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an end; stop.
ֹֹͣ
To reach the end of a task, course, or relationship.
ɣ񡢿γ̻жϹϵ
n.ʣ
Abbr. fin.The final part; the conclusion:
д fin.ۣ󲿷֣۲֣
racers neck-and-neck at the finish.
յ㴦
The reason for one's ruin; downfall.
˥ܵԭ˥
Something that completes, concludes, or perfects, especially:
ɵɡ޸ĵĶָ
The last treatment or coating of a surface:
һ㣺һ򸲸ǣ
applied a shellac finish to the cabinet.
һ潺
The surface texture produced by such a treatment or coating.
Ϳκı棺ͨı
A material used in surfacing or finishing.
׹
Completeness, thoroughness, refinement, or smoothness of execution; polish.
ƽȫס»ƽɣ
?
Middle English finishen 
йӢ finishen 
from Old French finir  finiss- [to complete] 
Դ ŷ finir  finiss- [] 
from Latin foore} 
Դ  foore} 
from fos [end] 
Դ fos [] 
?
finisher
n.ʣ

= =
finite
fi.nite
AHD:[fonot] 
D.J.[6fa!7na!t]
K.K.[6fa!7na!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having bounds; limited:
޵ģƵģ
a finite list of choices; our finite fossil fuel reserves.
Ϊ޵ѡ޵Ŀȼ
Existing, persisting, or enduring for a limited time only; impermanent.
ʱģֻڡֻһ޵ʱ䣻Ե
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Being neither infinite nor infinitesimal.
Ǽ޵ģСģȷҲС
Having a positive or negative numerical value; not zero.
ģ
Possible to reach or exceed by counting. Used of a number.
޵ģõͷ򳬵ùġ
Having a limited number of elements. Used of a set.
Ԫ޵ģڼ
Grammar Limited by person, number, tense, and mood. Used of a verb that can serve as a predicate or the initial element of one.
﷨ ޶ģʽģˡʱ̬޶ġνν￪ͷֵĶ
n.ʣ
A finite thing.
޵
?
Middle English finit 
йӢ finit 
from Latin footus} [past participle of] fonore [to limit] 
Դ  footus}  [] fonoreĹȥִ [޶] 
from fos [end] 
Դ fos [գĩ] 
?
finitely
adv.ʣ
finiteness
n.ʣ

= =
fire
fire
AHD:[for] 
D.J.[fa!*]
K.K.[fa!r]
n.ʣ
A rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is accompanied by flame, especially the exothermic oxidation of a combustible substance.
ɢȲлѸٵġĻѧ仯ָȼʷȵ
Burning fuel or other material:
ȼȼϻȼʣ
a cooking fire; a forest fire.
ɭֻ
Burning intensity of feeling; ardor.See Synonyms at passion 
飺ҵȼգμ passion
Enthusiasm.

Luminosity or brilliance, as of a cut and polished gemstone.
ԣ⣺ԣıʯ
Liveliness and vivacity of imagination; brilliance.
ԺŻ
A severe test; a trial or torment.
ĥϸĿԣĥ
A fever or bodily inflammation.
ջ巢
The discharge of firearms or artillery:
䣺ڵĿ
heard the fire of cannon.
ڻ
The launching of a missile, rocket, or similar ballistic body.
䣺ķ
Discharged bullets or other projectiles:
ӵ裺
subjected enemy positions to heavy mortar fire; struck by rifle fire.
ȻڻвĵоأܲǹϮ
Intense, repeated attack or criticism:
ҵġһĹ
answered the fire from her political critics.
۵ķ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a fire chief; fire prevention.
ӳ
v.ʣ
fired,fir.ing,fires 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to burn; ignite.
ʹȼգȼ
To light (something) up as if by fire:
ûһĳ
The morning sun fired the tops of the trees.
ֵĶ
To add fuel to (something burning).
ȼϣȼϵȼյĶ
To maintain or fuel a fire in.
άֻȼ
To bake in a kiln:
ƣҤƣ
fire pottery.

To dry by heating.
ɣͨʹ
To arouse the emotions of; make enthusiastic or ardent:
𣬻𣺼飻ʹ飺
warriors who were fired by patriotism.
˰սʿ
To discharge (a firearm, for example).

To detonate (an explosive).
ըҩ
To propel (a projectile); launch (a missile).
䣺ƶ䣨
Informal To throw with force and speed; hurl:
ʽ ʹٵӣͶ
fire a ball at a batter.
Աһ
To utter or direct with insistence:
ʣ˵
fired questions at the senator.
Ա
Games To score (a number) in a game or contest.
Ϸ ÷֣Ϸеãһ
Informal To discharge from a position; dismiss.See Synonyms at dismiss 
ʽ ְͣ񣻿μ dismiss
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become ignited; flame up.
ţȼ
To become excited or ardent.
飺üĻҵ
To become angry or annoyed.
ŭ
To tend a fire.
¯
To shoot a weapon:
ǹ
aimed and fired at the target.
Ŀ׼
To detonate an explosive.
ըҩ
To ignite fuel, as in an engine.
ȼȼȼȼ
Informal To project or hurl a missile:
ʽ ͶͶ
The pitcher wound up and fired.
ͶתͶ
Physiology To generate an electrical impulse. Used of a neuron.
ѧ 嶯һ塣ϸ
To become yellowed or brown before reaching maturity, as grain.
ƣδ֮ǰƻ
?
fire away ʽ
To start to talk or ask questions.
ʼʼ
fire off
To utter or ask rapidly.
ðٵ˵
To write and send (a letter, for example) in haste.
æдͣһţ
?
between two fires
Being attacked from two sources or sides simultaneously.
ллܵ
on fire
Ignited; ablaze.
Ż
Filled with enthusiasm or excitement.
ǳ
start a fire under 
light a fire under  
build a fire under ٵ
To urge or goad to action.
ߴٻж
under fire
Exposed or subjected to enemy attack.
⵽˵Ľ
Exposed or subjected to critical attack or censure:
ܵѣ
an official who was under fire for mismanagement.
ƶָĹԱ
?
Middle English fir 
йӢ fir 
from Old English ftr * see  p?r- 
Դ Ӣ ftr *μ p?r- 
?
fireable
adj.ݴʣ
firer
n.ʣ

= =
fireman
fire.man
AHD:[formn] 
D.J.[6fa!*m*n]
K.K.[6fa!rm*n]
n.ʣ
A firefighter.
Ա
A man who tends fires; a stoker.
˾¯ջ
An enlisted man in the U.S. Navy engaged in the operation of engineering machinery.
˾¯»ݵʿ
Baseball A relief pitcher.
 油Ͷ

= =
firm
firm 1
AHD:[f?rm] 
D.J.[fT8m]
K.K.[fPm]
adj.ݴʣ
firm.er,firm.est 
Resistant to externally applied pressure.
Ӳģֿѹ
Marked by or indicating the tone and resiliency of healthy tissue:
׳ģĽ״̬ͽ֯Ļܣ
firm muscles.
ʵļ
Securely fixed in place:
ȹ̵ģ
Despite being hit by the car, the post was still firm.
ܱײˣȻȹ
Indicating or possessed of determination or resolution:
ģоĺ־ģ
a firm voice.

Constant; steadfast:
ᶨģƵģ
a firm ally.
ᶨ
Not subject to change; fixed and definite:
ͦģ׸ıģȶĺȷģ
a firm bargain; a firm offer.
ȷЭ飻̶ĳ
Unfluctuating; steady:
ģȹ̵ģ
Stock prices are still firm.
֤ȯ۸Զȶ
Strong and sure:
ǿģȷŵģ
a firm grasp.
һ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
firmed,firm.ing,firms 
To make or become firm.
ʹȶʹ
adv.ʣ
firmer,firmest 
Without wavering; resolutely:
ҡأأ
stand firm.
ᶨվ
?
Middle English ferm 
йӢ ferm 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin firmus * see  dher- 
Դ  firmus *μ dher- 
?
firmly
adv.ʣ
firmness
n.ʣ
?
firm,hard,solid
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is tending not to yield to external pressure, touch, or force: 
⼸ݴе˼ǡѹ 
a firm mattress;
Ӳӣ
hard as granite;
Ӳƻң
solid ice. soft 
 soft
?
firm
firm 2
AHD:[f?rm] 
D.J.[fT8m]
K.K.[fPm]
n.ʣ
A commercial partnership of two or more persons, especially when unincorporated.
Ϲɣָûϲʱ˵ҵϻ
The name or designation under which a company transacts business.
̺ţУĳƻ¹˾
?
Italian firma 
 firma 
from firmare [to ratify by signature] 
Դ firmare [ǩ֤] 
from Medieval Latin firm3e 
Դ  firm3e 
from Latin [to confirm] 
Դ  [ʹȷʵ] 
from firmus [firm] * see  dher- 
Դ firmus [ȶ] *μ dher- 
?
In these days of agribusiness,a farm and a firm are probably closer than they have been since the time before the wordsfarm  and firm  developed from the same Latin word, firm3, to 
strengthen, make fast, confirm, attest, which is derived from Latinfirmus,  the source offirm,  meaning secure. In Medieval Latinfirm3e  came to mean to ratify by signature, 
from which sense eventually came our word firm,  first recorded in 1574 with the meaning signature.This wordfirm  later added the senses designation under which a firm 
transacts business and commercial house. Latinfirm3e  by way of Old French also gave us Middle English ferme,  the ancestor of our wordfarm.  
ũӪũҲfarm  firm ͬһ firmare Ϊǿʹι̣ʹȷʹ֤չ֮ǰϵΪܣ Ǵfirmus  
firm һʵԴΪȷġ Уfirmare ʼȡΪǩ׼Ӵ˺ǵ firm ʣ 1574״α¼Ϊǩ
Firm ʺ壬н԰ơ̵͡ķݡ firmare ҲͨŷӢ ferme ʣ ǵĵfarm 
ǰ 

= =
first
first
AHD:[f?rst] 
D.J.[fT8st]
K.K.[fPst]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number one in a series.
һһϵеһ
The one coming, occurring, or ranking before or above all others.
Ҫڵϱȵ
The beginning; the outset:
ͷʼ
from the first; at first.
ͷʼ
Music The voice or instrument highest in pitch or carrying the principal part.
֡ ߵݳҪ
The transmission gear or corresponding gear ratio used to produce the range of lowest drive speeds in a motor vehicle.
ͷٳ֣޶ͼʻٶȷΧĴֻӦֵı
The winning position in a contest:
һھдʤĵλ
finished the season in first.
Եһ
Baseball 
 
First base.
һ
A first baseman.
һ
adj.ݴʣ
Corresponding in order to the number one.
һλģ˳ڵһλ
Coming before all others in order or location:
ȵģǰģ˳λϱˣ£ȵģ
the first house on your left.
ߵĵһ䷿
Occurring or acting before all others in time; earliest:
ģʱϱˣ£ȷжģģ
the first day of spring.
ĵһ
Ranking above all others, as in importance or quality; foremost:
һģҪԻ֮ϵģǰģ
was first in the class.
ڰһ
Music Being highest in pitch or carrying the principal part:
֡ һģģߵĻݳࣩҪֵģ
first trumpet.

Of, relating to, or being the transmission gear or corresponding gear ratio used to produce the range of lowest drive speeds in a motor vehicle.
ͷģٳֵģ޶ͼʻٶȷΧĴֻӦֱʵĻ֮йص
adv.ʣ
Before or above all others in time, order, rank, or importance:
һأҪأʱ䡢򡢵λҪϱˣǰϵģ
arrived first; forgot to light the oven first.
һȵ¯
For the first time.
һε
Rather; preferably:
ɣԸ
would die first.
Ը
In the first place; to begin with.See Usage Note at firstly 
ȣԡʼμ firstly
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fyrst * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ fyrst *μ per 1

= =
fish
fish
AHD:[f1sh] 
D.J.[f!.]
K.K.[f!.]
n.ʣ
 fish  fish.es  
Any of numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body and including specifically:
㣺Ѫˮ׵еһָ֣ͣ
Any of the class Osteichthyes, having a bony skeleton.
Ӳ㣺һӲǼܵӲеһ
Any of the class Chondrichthyes, having a cartilaginous skeleton and including the sharks, rays, and skates.
㣺һǼܵеһ֣㡢
The flesh of such animals used as food.
⣺ʳõĴද
Any of various primitive aquatic vertebrates of the class Cyclostomata, lacking jaws and including the lampreys and hagfishes.
࣬ĸԭʼˮԲڸټ׵еһ֣ä
Any of various unrelated aquatic animals, such as a jellyfish, cuttlefish, or crayfish.
ˮֱϵˮ纣ءīϺ
Informal A person who is deficient in something:
ʽ ֣ĳвˣ
a cold fish; a poor fish.
߰Դˣ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
fish parts; fish gaffs.
ĸ֣㹳
v.ʣ
fished,fish.ing,fish.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To catch or try to catch fish.
㣬㣺Ų
To look for something by feeling one's way; grope:
ѰķѰҶ̽Ѱ
fished in both pockets for a coin.
´һӲ
To seek something in a sly or indirect way:
һֽƻӵķĨǵش̽
fish for compliments.
׷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To catch or try to catch (fish).
㣺̻Ų̣㣩
To catch or try to catch fish in:
ڡ㣺
fish mountain streams.
ɽϪв
To catch or pull as if fishing:
Ƶ̻ƣ
deftly fished the corn out of the boiling water.
ڿˮɵ̳
?
fish out
To deplete (a lake, for example) of fish by fishing.
òķʽѣ㲶
?
fish in troubled waters
To try to take advantage of a confused situation.
ˮ㣺һƬоȡô
fish or cut baitʽ
To proceed with an activity or abandon it altogether.
ѡҪôȥҪôȫ
like a fish out of water
Completely unfamiliar with one's surroundings or activity.
ˮģе裺ԼĻɵȫϤ
neither fish nor fowl
Having no specific characteristics; indefinite.
¿ģײģûԵģȷ
other fish to fryʽ
Other matters to attend to:
£Ҫ飺
He declined to come along to the movie, saying he had other fish to fry.
ԸӰ˵б
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fisc 
Դ Ӣ fisc 
?
Fish
Fish
AHD:[f1sh] Hamilton (1808-1893) 
D.J.[f!.]
K.K.[f!.]
NONE޴ԣ
American politician who served as U.S. secretary of state (1869-1877) and negotiated the settlement of the Civil WarAlabama  Claims with Great Britain (1871). 
ϣ׶٣(1808-1893) μң鳤1869-1877꣩ӢЭйսĵⲢǩˡ (1871꣩ 

= =
fisherman
fish.er.man
AHD:[f1shr-mn] 
D.J.[6f!.*m*n]
K.K.[6f!.*m*n]
n.ʣ
One who fishes as an occupation or for sport.
񣬵ߣѵΪְҵһ˶
A commercial fishing vessel.
洬̴

= =
fist
fist
AHD:[f1st] 
D.J.[f!st]
K.K.[f!st]
n.ʣ
The hand closed tightly with the fingers bent against the palm.
ȭȭͷָĽյ
Informal A grasp; a clutch:
ʽ ץסգ
had a fortune in their fists and let it go.
ƵĻȴŹ
Printing See  index 
ӡˢ μ  index 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fist.ed,fist.ing,fists 
To clench into a fist.
ȭͷ
To grasp with the fist.
ȭͷץ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ftt * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ ftt *μ penk we 

= =
fit
fit 1
AHD:[f1t] 
D.J.[f!t]
K.K.[f!t]
v.ʣ
fit.ted  fit fit.ted,fit.ting,fits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be the proper size and shape for:
ʣʺϣΪʵĴС״
These shoes fit me.
ЩЬܺҴ
To cause to be the proper size and shape:
ʹʣʹΪʵĴС״
The tailor fitted the trousers by shortening them.
÷ӲöһЩʹ֮
To measure for proper size:
Ϊʵĳߴ
She fitted me for a new jacket.
һѿ
To be appropriate to; suit:
ʣʺϣ
music that fits your mood.
ʺ
To be in conformity or agreement with:
롭һ£롭ϣ
observations that fit the theory nicely.
ȫĹ۲
To make suitable; adapt:
ʹʣʹϣ
fitted the shelves for large books.
ʹܷŴͷ
To make ready; prepare:
ʹ׼ã׼ã
Specialized training fitted her for the job.
רѵ
To equip; outfit:
װṩװ
fit out a ship.
׼һ
To provide a place or time for:
Ϊṩʱ䣺
You can't fit any more toys in the box. The doctor can fit you in today.
װ¸ˡҽܸ㶨ʱ
To insert or adjust so as to be properly in place:
װʹ֮ںʵλϣ
fit a handle on a door.
Űһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be the proper size and shape.
ʣΪʵĳߴ״
To be suited; belong:
䣻ڣ
doesn't fit in with these people.
Щ˸
To be in harmony; agree:
гһ£
His good mood fit in with the joyful occasion.
õǻĳϺܺг
adj.ݴʣ
fit.ter,fit.test 
Suited, adapted, or acceptable for a given circumstance or purpose:
ʵģضĻͼ˵ǺʵġӦĻɽܵģ
not a fit time for flippancy.
Ƿʱ
Appropriate; proper:
ǡģȷģ
Do as you see fit.
Ϊôʾô
Physically sound; healthy:
彡ģģ
keeps fit with diet and exercise.
ͨʳ˶ֽ
n.ʣ
The state, quality, or way of being fitted:
ʣʵΪʵ״̬򷽷
the proper fit of means to ends.
ΪĿʹõʵֶ
The manner in which clothing fits:
·ʽ
a jacket with a tight fit.
ļп
The degree of precision with which surfaces are adjusted or adapted to each other in a machine or collection of parts.
ϣװ໥ڵľȷ̶
?
fit to be tied
Roused to great anger or indignation; outraged.
ʮջŭɶ
fit to killٵ
To an extreme or elaborate degree:
ȵأأ
dressed up fit to kill.
ʢװ
?
Middle English fitten [to be suitable, marshal troops] 
йӢ fitten [Ϊ˾Ƕ] 
?
fitly
adv.ʣ
fitter
n.ʣ
?
fit,suitable,meet,proper,appropriate,apt,fitting,happy,felicitous
These adjectives mean right or correct in view of existing circumstances. They are often interchangeable.
ǵڻʱЩݴʶΪǡĻȷġͨԻ
 Fit  refers to what is adapted for or suited to a purpose, occasion, or use: 
 Fit  ˼ǶĳһͼϻʹǺʵģ 
a meal fit for a gourmet;
һλʳҺܺʵһͣ
a tractor fit for heavy duty;
ʺϸػ
not a fit time or place for an argument.
۵ĺʱõط
Suitable  implies ability to meet a requirement, fill a need, or answer a purpose: 
Suitable  ĳҪĳҪʵĳͼ 
an overcoat suitable for everyday wear;
ʺƽʱף
a book not suitable for children.
ʺϺǿ顣
Meet  applies to what is precisely suitable and often suggests the sense of being right or just: 
Meet  ָȫϣĻζ 
a meet reward.
ʵıꡣ
Proper  describes what is harmonious, either by nature or because it accords with reason, custom, or propriety: 
Proper  д׻гĻȻģ 
the proper time to plant a crop;
ׯڵǡʱ䣻
the proper form of address for a cleric. What is 
ְԱʵʽ 
 appropriate  to a thing or for an occasion especially befits it: 
 Appropriate  ָĳ»ĳһ棺 
a funeral conducted with appropriate solemnity.  What isapt  is notably to the point:  
˵не Apt ʹĸͻ  
an apt reply.
ǡֵĻش
Fitting  suggests close agreement, as with a prevailing mood or spirit: 
Fitting  ָձк;Ǻϣ 
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives . . . It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this (Abraham 
Lincoln).
ѿʼ׳Ƭصһ֣ΪЩ׳ǵһƬϢ֮ءȫʣӦô ǲֿϣ
 Happy   andfelicitous are applicable to what seems especially suitable, as by its nature:  
 Happy  felicitous ڿرʣͬʶģ  
a happy turn of phrase;
еת
a felicitous comment. See also Synonyms at  adapt 
ǡ μͬ adapt
?
fit
fit 2
AHD:[f1t] 
D.J.[f!t]
K.K.[f!t]
n.ʣ
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
A seizure or a convulsion, especially one caused by epilepsy.
󷢣ָ֢ļķ
The sudden appearance of a symptom such as coughing or sneezing.
ͻԻȲ֢ͻȻ
A sudden outburst of emotion:
ͻ
a fit of jealousy.
ͻʼ֮
A sudden period of vigorous activity.
һ
?
by fits and starts 
in fits and starts
With irregular intervals of action and inaction; intermittently.
һأЪأ޹ж;ֹĽЪ
?
Middle English [hardship] 
йӢ [] 
probably from Old English fitt [struggle] 
Դ Ӣ fitt [] 
?
fit
fit 3
AHD:[f1t] 
D.J.[f!t]
K.K.[f!t]
n.Archaic ʣ 
A section of a poem or ballad.
ʫҥһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
fitting
fit.ting
AHD:[f1t1ng] 
D.J.[6f!t!0]
K.K.[6f!t!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in keeping with a situation; appropriate.See Synonyms at fit 1
ʵģƵģĳһµģǡĲμ fit1
n.ʣ
The act of trying on clothes whose fit is being adjusted.
Դ£Դߴ·Ķ
A small detachable part for a machine or an apparatus.
ܲС
fittings Chiefly British Furnishings or fixtures.
 fittings Ӣ 豸װ
?
fittingly
adv.ʣ
fittingness
n.ʣ

= =
five
five
AHD:[fov] 
D.J.[fa!v]
K.K.[fa!v]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 4 + 1.
壺4+1
The fifth in a set or sequence.
壺һϵлϵ
Something, such as a quintet or a basketball team, that has five parts, units, or members.
һ飺ӵ岿֡λԱɵ
A five-dollar bill.
ԪƱ
fives (used with a sing. verb)Sports One of several forms of handball originating in England and played mainly at British schools and universities, in which only the receiving side can 
score points.
 fives 뵥ã˶ ϷԴӢļеһ֣ҪӢѧУʹѧУ԰棬һܵ÷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fof * see  penk we 
Դ Ӣ fof *μ penk we 
?
five
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
fix
fix
AHD:[f1ks] 
D.J.[f!ks]
K.K.[f!ks]
v.ʣ
fixed,fix.ing,fix.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place securely; make stable or firm:
ʹ̶ʹι̣ȹ̵طãʹȶ̶
fixed the tent poles in the ground.See Synonyms at fasten 
ӹ̶ڵϲμ fasten
To secure to another; attach:
Σװһȣϵ
fixing the notice to the board with tacks.
öӰѲ涤ľ
To put into a stable or unalterable form:
ͣʹֲһȶ޷ıʽ
tried to fix the conversation in her memory.
ζԻļ
To make (a chemical substance) nonvolatile or solid.
ʹӷʹ̣ʹĳֻѧʣӷ
Biology To convert (nitrogen) into stable, biologically assimilable compounds.
ѧ ̵ѣתȶġܱյĻ
To kill and preserve (a specimen) intact for microscopic study.
걾̶Ū棨걾Ա΢۲
To prevent discoloration of (a photographic image) by washing or coating with a chemical preservative.
ɫӰûѧϴһԷƬɫ
To direct steadily:
ʹУ̶ȶָ
fixed her eyes on the road ahead.
ǰ·
To capture or hold:
ץס
The man with the long beard fixed our attention.
Ǹǵע
To set or place definitely; establish:
򰲶٣ʹӣ
fixed her residence in a coastal village.
סһׯ
To determine with accuracy; ascertain:
ȷȷؾŪ壺
fixed the date of the ancient artifacts.
ȷŴĻʱ
To agree on; arrange:
ͬ⣻ţ
fix a time to meet.
Żʱ
To assign; attribute:
ָѡڣ
fixing the blame.

To correct or set right; adjust:

fix a misspelling; fix the out-of-date accounts.
ƴд޸Ĺʱļ
To restore to proper condition or working order; repair:
У׼޸״̬
fix a broken machine.
һ̨
Computer Science To convert (data) from floating-point notation to fixed-point notation.
ѧ ̶㻯ݣɸʾĳɶʾ
To make ready; prepare:
׼׼
fixed the room for the guests; fix lunch for the kids; fixed himself a milkshake.
Ϊ׼÷䣻Ϊ׼緹Լ׼һ
To spay or castrate (an animal).
ģѳ˸
Informal To take revenge upon; get even with.
ʽ 򡭱롭ƽ
To influence the outcome or actions of by improper or unlawful means:
ݣ¸òΥֶӰΪ
fix a prizefight; fix a jury.
һְҵȭͨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct one's efforts or attention; concentrate:
Уרģĳ˵Ŭע⣻רģ
We fixed on the immediate goal.
רǰĿ
To become stable or firm; harden:
ȶ̶ι̻̣Ӳ
Fresh plaster will fix in a few hours.
ĨڼСʱܸ
Chiefly Southern U.S. To be on the verge of; to be making preparations for. Used in progressive tenses with the infinitive:
ϲ ׼򡭱Ϊ׼ڴʲʽĽʱ̬У
We were fixing to leave without you.
׼
n.ʣ
The act of adjusting, correcting, or repairing.
Ϊ
Informal Something that repairs or restores; a solution:
ʽ ޸޸Ķ
no easy fix for an intractable problem.
ûм򵥵İ취
The position, as of a ship or aircraft, determined by visual observations with the aid of equipment.
λλͨ۲ȷĴɻȵλ
A clear determination or understanding:
ۣȷľ⣺
a briefing that gave us a fix on the current situation.
ǶĿǰһȷļ
An instance of arranging a special consideration, such as an exemption from a requirement, or an improper or illegal outcome, especially by means of bribery.
¸ͨⱨʵָͨ¸ֶĳҪġǷĽ
A difficult or embarrassing situation; a predicament.See Synonyms at predicament 
ѵĻ򷢾ľ棻μ predicament
Slang An intravenous injection of a narcotic.
ٵ ע䣺ڵע
?
fix up
To improve the appearance or condition of; refurbish.
ã޲ơ״ˢ
To provide; equip.
Ӧװ
Informal To provide a companion on a date for:
ʽ ͬ飺Լѳȥʱһͬ飺
fixed me up with an escort at the last minute.
˸ͬ
?
Middle English fixen 
йӢ fixen 
from fix [fixed in position] 
Դ fix [λϹ̶] 
from Latin fos [past participle of] fogere [to fasten] * see  dhog w- 
Դ  fos  [] fogereĹȥִ [ϵ˩] *μ dhog w- 
?
fixable
adj.ݴʣ
fixer
n.ʣ
?
Fixing to  ranks with y'all  as one of the best known markers of Southern dialects, although it seems to be making its way into the informal speech and writing of non-Southerners. Fixing 
to  means to be on the verge of or in preparation for (doing a given thing), but like the modal auxiliaries, it has only a single invariant form and is not fully inflected like other verbs. 
Its form is always the present participle followed by the infinitive marker to : They were fixing to leave without me.  Semantically, fixing to  can refer only to events that immediately 
follow the speaker's point of reference. One cannot say, We're fixing to have a baby in a couple of years. 
Fixing to  y'all ϷԵĵʹʼҲڷϷ˲ʽĽдá Fixing to ָ򡭱׼ã飩̬һ
ֻһֱʽһ״βΡôʲʽķ to ڷִʵʽ ׼Ҿ뿪  fixing to ڽ
˵߹۵顣˵׼ڽҪӡ 

= =
fixture
fix.ture
AHD:[f1kschr] 
D.J.[6f!kst.*]
K.K.[6f!kst.+]
n.ʣ
Something securely fixed in place.
̶ι̵ذһطĶ
Something attached as a permanent appendage, apparatus, or appliance:
̶װãΪ̶ĸ߻þ߶ȥĶ
plumbing fixtures.
ܵװ
Law A chattel bound to realty.
ɡ ڲϵĶ
One that is invariably present in and long associated with a place:
̶Ա̶ɫڳĳػĳϵˣ
a journalist who became a Washington fixture.
ڻʢٵļ
The act or process of fixing.
̶̶Ķ
The condition of being fixed.
̶״̶̬ʱ״̬
?
Variant of obsolete fixure 
  fixureı 
from Late Latin fo?ra} 
Դ  fo?ra} 
from Latin fos [fixed] * see  fix 
Դ  fos [̶] *μ fix

= =
flag
flag 1
AHD:[fl2g] 
D.J.[fl#g]
K.K.[fl#g]
n.ʣ
A piece of cloth, usually rectangular, of distinctive color and design, used as a symbol, a standard, a signal, or an emblem.
죬ģһͨʳεġɫͼĲһ׼־
National or other allegiance, as symbolized by a flag:
ͬһĵ֯һĹЧҶ
ships of the same flag.
ͬһĴֻ
A ship carrying the flag of an admiral; a flagship.
콢ڽҺĵĽֻ콢
A marking device, such as a gummed strip of paper, attached to an object to attract attention or ease identification; a tab.
ǩǩһ־ĸעڱϵĶýճֽǩ
The masthead of a newspaper.
ͷֽϵĿͷ
Music A cross stroke added to a note that is less than a quarter note in value.
֡ βϵһʵϻһķ֮һʮͷ
A distinctively shaped or marked tail, as of a dog or deer.
βָ״־β繷¹β
Computer Science A bit or series of bits with two stable states, used in software to indicate a single piece of information.
ѧ ǣλȶ״̬һλһϵλбһϢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
flagged,flag.ging,flags 
To mark with a flag or flags for identification or ornamentation:
죬װΣΪݻװζģ
flag a parade route; flagging parts of a manuscript for later review.
·ߣΪԺĶָĳЩ
To signal with or as if with a flag.
ŻƵرʾ
To signal to stop:
ʹֹͣ
flag down a passing car.
һ·ͣ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
flagger
n.ʣ
?
flag
flag 2
AHD:[fl2g] 
D.J.[fl#g]
K.K.[fl#g]
n.ʣ
A plant, such as an iris or a cattail, that has long, sword-shaped leaves.
βѣһгĽҶӵֲβֲ
?
Middle English flagge [reed] 
йӢ flagge [«έ] 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
flag
flag 3
AHD:[fl2g] 
D.J.[fl#g]
K.K.[fl#g]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
flagged,flag.ging,flags 
To hang limply; droop.
´ʹ
To decline in vigor or strength:
ƣϼ
My appetite flags in the hot weather.
ҵθڲ
To decline in interest:
ʧȥȤ
The conversation flagged.
̸Ȼζ
?
[Possibly of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse fl?gra [to flap about] 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά fl?gra [Ʈڶ] 
?
flag
flag 4
AHD:[fl2g] 
D.J.[fl#g]
K.K.[fl#g]
n.ʣ
A flagstone.
ʯ壬ʯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
flagged,flag.ging,flags 
To pave with slabs of flagstone.
ʯ·
?
Middle English flagge [piece of turf] 
йӢ flagge [һݵ] 
from Old Norse flaga [slab of stone] * see  pl3k- 1
Դ ˹ά flaga [ʯʯ] *μ pl3k- 1

= =
flame
flame
AHD:[fl3m] 
D.J.[fle!m]
K.K.[flem]
n.ʣ
The zone of burning gases and fine suspended matter associated with rapid combustion; a hot, glowing mass of burning gas or vapor.
棺ȼյĲֺȼйص΢СʣȼŵķȡĲ
The condition of active, blazing combustion:
ȼգԡȵȼ״̬
burst into flame.See Synonyms at blaze 1
ȼμ blaze1
Something resembling a flame in motion, brilliance, intensity, or shape.
飬飺ڶ̬ȡǿȻ̬ƻĶ
A violent or intense passion.
һǿҵ
Informal A sweetheart.
ʽ ˣ
v.ʣ
flamed,flam.ing,flames 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To burn brightly; blaze.
ȼգ
To color or flash suddenly:
죺ͻȻ⣺
cheeks that flamed with embarrassment.
ζ˫
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To burn, ignite, or scorch (something) with a flame.
գûաȼ򿾣
Obsolete To foment; incite.
 𣻼ŭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman flaumbe 
Դ Ӣ flaumbe 
variant of Old French flambe 
 ŷ flambeı 
from flamble 
Դ flamble 
from Latin flammula [diminutive of] flamma * see  bhel- 1
Դ  flammula  [] flammaС׺ *μ bhel- 1
?
flamer
n.ʣ

= =
flank
flank
AHD:[fl2ngk] 
D.J.[fl#0k]
K.K.[fl#0k]
n.ʣ
The section of flesh on the body of a person or an animal between the last rib and the hip; the side.
⣺˻߹β֮飻
A cut of meat from the flank of an animal.
Ѳֵ
A lateral part or side:
߲棺
the flank of a mountain.
ɽĲ
The right or left side of a military formation:
ӵ
an attack on both flanks.
Ĺ
The right or left side of a bastion.
ࣺµҲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
flanked,flank.ing,flanks 
To protect or guard the flank of.
ز棺ڻĲ
To menace or attack the flank of.
湥в򹥻Ĳ
To be placed or situated at the flank or side of:
λڡࣺ֮ڻλڡĲߣ
Two stone lions flanked the entrance.
ͷʯʨλڴ
To put (something) on each side of:
ڡࣺ֮ѣĳڡߣ
flanked the driveway with tall shrubs.
ڳֲߵĹľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English flanc 
Դ Ӣ flanc 
from Old French flanc 
Դ ŷ flanc 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
flap
flap
AHD:[fl2p] 
D.J.[fl#p]
K.K.[fl#p]
n.ʣ
A flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side.
ƬһƽͨǺܱƬ״
A projecting or hanging piece usually intended to double over and protect or cover:
ڸǣһֳ۵򸲸ͻ
the flap of an envelope.
ŷķ
The act of waving or fluttering:
񶯣ҡ񶯵Ϊ
the flap of the flag in the wind.
ĵƮ
The sound produced by this motion.
Ĵֶ
A blow given with something flat; a slap.
Ĵ򣺱ƽĻĻ
A variable control surface on the trailing edge of an aircraft wing, used primarily to increase lift or drag.
ɻĿƵĸ
Either of the folded ends of a book jacket that fit inside the front and back covers.
۵ıߣ鼮۽׵۵˵һ
Medicine Tissue that has been partially detached and used in surgical grafting to fill an adjacent defect or cover the cut end of a bone after amputation.
ҽѧ ֯иֲ֯޲ٽȱݴڽ֫ǹг
Informal A commotion or disturbance:
ʽ ɧ
a flap in Congress over the defense budget.
ڹԤĹ
v.ʣ
flapped,flap.ping,flaps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wave (the arms, for example) up and down.
°ڶֱۣ
To cause to move or sway with a fluttering or waving motion.
ʹƮʹƮҡ״̬ƶڶ
To hit with something broad and flat; slap.
ĴÿƽĻ
Informal To fling down; toss.
ʽ Ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or sway while fixed at one edge or corner; flutter:
Ʈһ߻һǹ̶ƶҡƮ
banners flapping in the breeze.
΢Ʈ
To wave arms or wings up and down.
°ڶֱۣ
To fly by beating the air with the wings.
УóĴ
Informal To become upset or flustered.
ʽ 겻þɥ
?
Middle English flappe [slap] 
йӢ flappe [Ĵ] 

= =
flare
flare
AHD:[flar] 
D.J.[fle*]
K.K.[flWr]
v.ʣ
flared,flar.ing,flares 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To flame up with a bright, wavering light.
棩ҡҷȼҡҷĹ
To burst into intense, sudden flame.
ͻ棺ͻȻҵġݵĻ
To erupt or intensify suddenly:
ͻȻӾ磺
Tempers flared at the meeting.
ϴ󶯸λ
To become suddenly angry:
ͻȻŭ
The candidate flared at the reporter's question.
ѡ˶ԼߵͻȻ
To expand or open outward in shape:
ſ״չ򿪣
a skirt that flares from the waist; nostrils that flared with anger.
չȹӣñǿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to flame up.
ʹȼ
To signal with a blaze of light.
ùⷢź
n.ʣ
A brief, wavering blaze of light.See Synonyms at blaze 1
⣺ݶҡҷĹμ blaze1
A device that produces a bright light for signaling, illumination, or identification.
źţһܲǿźšװ
An outbreak, as of emotion or activity.
жͻȻ
An expanding or opening outward.
չ
An unwanted reflection within an optical system or the resultant fogging of the image.
䣬ģ󣺹ѧϵͳһֶķɴ˶ģ
A solar flare.
̫ҫ
Football A quick pass to a back running toward the sideline.
 򳯱ܵĺһֿ촫
Medicine An area of redness on the skin surrounding the primary site of infection or irritation.
ҽѧ ףƤȾ״Χ׵
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
flash
flash
AHD:[fl2sh] 
D.J.[fl#.]
K.K.[fl#.]
v.ʣ
flashed,flash.ing,flash.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To burst forth into or as if into flame.
ͻȻȼգͻȻŷͻȻŷƵط
To give off light or be lighted in sudden or intermittent bursts.
ͻȻ⣺ѸٻЪϨȼƻ
To appear or occur suddenly:
֣ͻȻֻ֣
The image flashed onto the screen.
ӫ
To move or proceed rapidly:
ɳۣѸƶн
The cars flashed by.
ɳ۶
Slang To think of or remember something suddenly:
ٵ ͻȻĳ£
flashed on that time we got caught in the storm.
ͻȻǱڱе龰
Slang To expose oneself in an indecent manner.
ٵ ֲ壺Բķʽ¶Լ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (light) to appear suddenly or in intermittent bursts.
ͻȻ֣ʹ⣩ͻȻֻЪҫ
To cause to burst into flame.
ʹ
To reflect (light).
䣨⣩
To cause to reflect light from (a surface).
淴⣺ʹӣ棩
To make known or signal by flashing lights.
Ǻţͨʹ֪򷢳ź
To communicate or display at great speed:
ѸٴݣٴϢҫ
flashed the news to the world capitals.
ϢѸٴݵҪ
To exhibit briefly.
ʱչ
To display ostentatiously; flaunt.
ҡŪҫҡ
To fill suddenly with water.
ˮʹѸٳˮ
To cover with a thin protective layer.
ǣԱı㸲
n.ʣ
A sudden, brief, intense display of light.
⣺ͻȻġݵġǿҵĹ
A sudden perception:
ͻȻ
a flash of insight.
ͻȻĶ
A split second; an instant:
̣һ˲䣺
I'll be on my way in a flash.
Ͼ·
A brief news dispatch or transmission.
̵ű
Slang Gaudy or ostentatious display:
ٵ ҡӹ׻Ļҫʽչ
The antique flash and trash of an older southern California have given way to a sleeker age of cultural hip(Newsweek)
ϼյɣѱĻƤʱʱȡ(ܿ)
A flashlight.

Instantaneous illumination for photography:
⣺Ӱʱ˲
photograph by flash.
Ӱ
A device, such as a flashbulb, flashgun, or flash lamp, used to produce such illumination.
ƣһװãơǹ
Slang The pleasurable sensation that accompanies the use of a drug; a rush.
ٵ þʹƷһõĸо
Obsolete The language or cant of thieves, tramps, or underworld figures.
 ĺڻС͵˺ʹõԻڻ
adj.ݴʣ
Happening suddenly or very quickly:
ͻȻģͻĻѸٷģ
flash freezing.
ٶ
Slang Ostentatious; showy:
ٵ Ūģҫģ
a flash car.
Ľγ
Of or relating to figures of quarterly economic growth released by the government and subject to later revision.
ʵģڻйдԺ޸ĵļȾ
Of or relating to photography using instantaneous illumination.
Ƶģڻйʹ˲ʱӰ
Of or relating to thieves, swindlers, and underworld figures.
йصģڻйС͵ƭӺͺ
?
flash in the pan
One that promises great success but fails.
꼻һ֣ŵȡþ޴ɹʧ˵
?
Middle English flashen [to splash] 
йӢ flashen [ã] 
variant of flasken 
 flaskenı 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
flash,gleam,glance,glint,sparkle,glitter,glisten,shimmer,glimmer,twinkle,scintillate
These verbs mean to send forth light.
Щʶָ⡣
 Flash  refers to a sudden and brilliant but short-lived outburst of light: 
 Flash  ָͻȻġĵݵķ⣺ 
A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon.
һ绮ƽߡ
Gleam  implies transient or constant light that often appears against a dark background: 
Gleam  ָںɫıϲϳֵĶ⣺ 
The light gleams an instant, then it's night once more (Samuel Beckett).
һȻֱ˺ҹ Ѷأ
 Glance  refers most often to light reflected obliquely: 
 Glance  ָӷĹ⣺ 
Moonlight glanced off the windows of the darkened building.
¹ںڰĽĴϡ
Glint  applies to briefly gleaming or flashing light: 
Glint  ָݵķ 
Rays of sun glinted among the autumn leaves.
̫⴩Ҷ
Sparkle  suggests a rapid succession of little flashes of high brilliance ( 
Sparkle  ָһϵѸĸС⣨ 
crystal that sparkled in the candlelight;
˸ˮ
frost sparkling on the pavement), andglitter,  a similar succession of even greater intensity (  
·ҫ˪ glitter ǾиȵƵһϵй㣨  
glittering mirrors). Toglisten  is to shine with a sparkling luster:  
ľӣ glister ǷĹ  
The snow glistened in the dawn light.
ѩҫ
Shimmer  means to shine with a soft, tremulous light: 
Shimmer  ˼͵ġĹ䣺 
Everything about her shimmered and glimmered softly, as if her dress had been woven out of candle-beams (Edith Wharton).
ܵ嶼͵Ĺ⣬··֯ɵġ ˹߶٣
 Glimmer   refers to faint, fleeting light: 
 Glimmer  ָ΢ġѸʧĹ⣺ 
On the French coast, the light/Gleams, and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,/ Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay (Matthew Arnold). Totwinkle  is to shine with quick, 
intermittent flashes or gleams:  
ڷ̲ϣ΢ţȻʧˣӢɽĺߣ΢΢⣬޴ޱȡ ޡŵ£Twinkle ѸٵءЪط  
a few stars, twinkling faintly in the deep blue of the night sky (Hugh Walpole).
ɫҹ΢΢˸š ݡֲ
 Scintillate  is applied to what flashes as if emitting sparks in a continuous stream: 
 Scintillate  ָͬԴԴϵĺϷĹ⣺ 
ammonium chloride . . . depositing minute scintillating crystals on the windowpanes (Primo Levi).See also Synonyms at  blaze 1moment 
Ȼ李ڴ˸ľ塱 Īάμͬ blaze1moment

= =
flat
flat 1
AHD:[fl2t] 
D.J.[fl#t]
K.K.[fl#t]
adj.ݴʣ
flat.ter,flat.test 
Having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature.
ˮƽģбȡбǻˮƽƽ
Having a smooth, even, level surface:
ƽģй⻬ƽ̹ˮƽģ
a skirt sewed with fine flat seams.
һƵ߷ϸƽȹ
Having a relatively broad surface in relation to thickness or depth:
ģȻȶԱȾԿƽģ
a flat board.See Synonyms at level 
һӲμ level
Stretched out or lying at full length along the ground; prone.
ƽģչƽڵϵģƽ
Free of qualification; absolute:
ȻģģԵģ
a flat refusal.
Ȼľܾ
Fixed; unvarying:
̶ģޱ仯ģ
a flat rate.
̶
Lacking interest or excitement; dull:
ģȱȤ̼ģģ
a flat scenario.
һζĵӰ籾
Lacking in flavor:
ȱζģ
a flat stew that needs salt.
ζε
Having lost effervescence or sparkle:
˵ģйĻðݵģ
flat beer.
ơ
Deflated. Used of a tire.
©ģйġָ̥
Electrically discharged. Used of a storage battery.
ûģ˵ģָ
Of or relating to a horizontal line that displays no ups or downs and signifies the absence of physiological activity:
ƽģȱˮƽߵĻ֮صģ
A flat electroencephalogram indicates a loss of brain function.
ƽֱԵͼԲܵɥʧ
Commercially inactive; sluggish:
ģҵϲģģ
flat sales for the month.
µ
Unmodulated; monotonous:
ģٴģģ
a flat voice.

Lacking variety in tint or shading; uniform:
һµģɫʻŨȱٱ仯ģһģ
The sky was bright but flat, the color of oyster shells(Anne Tyler)
գһƬĵÿǵɫʡ(ݡ̩)
Not glossy; mat:
޹ģ޹ģģ
flat paint.
ƽ
Music 
֡ 
Being below the correct pitch.
ȷߵ͵
Being one half step lower than the corresponding natural key:
ģӦͰ׵ģ
the key of B flat.
B
Designating the vowela  as pronounced in bad  or cat.  
ƽģָbad  cat Ԫ a ķ 
Nautical Taut. Used of a sail.
 ġָ
adv.ʣ
Level with the ground; horizontally.
ƽ̹أƽأˮƽ
On or up against a flat surface; at full length.
Եأƽϵػƽϵأչ
So as to be flat.
ȻأΪ˱Ϊƽ̹
Directly; completely:
ֱӵأȫأ
went flat against the rules; flat broke.
Ȼȫ
Exactly; precisely:
׼ȷأȷأ
arrived in six minutes flat.
Ӻִ
Music Below the intended pitch.
֡ Ԥ͵
Business Without interest charge.
óס Ϣ
n.ʣ
A flat surface or part.
ƽ棺ƽƽ̹
Often flats A stretch of level ground:
  flats ƽأˮƽ죺
salt flats.

A shallow frame or box for seeds or seedlings.
ǳ䣬ǳ紲ֲӻõǳܻǳ
Stage scenery on a movable wooden frame.
Ƭڿƶľϵ̨
A flatcar.
ƽ峵
A deflated tire.
©̥
A shoe with a flat heel.
ƽЬ
A large flat piece of mail.
ʼ
A horse that competes in a flat race.Also called  runner 
μƽҲ  runner
Music 
֡ 
A sign (]) affixed to a note to indicate that it is to be lowered by a half step.
ǺţڱʾͰ׵ķţ]
A note that is lowered a half step.
˰׵
Football The area of the field to either side of an offensive formation.
 谭Ͽͨضκһ
v.ʣ
flat.ted,flat.ting,flats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make flat; flatten.
ʹƽѡŪƽ
Music To lower (a note) a semitone.
֡ ѣͰ
v.intr.Music ﶯʣ֡ 
To sing or play below the proper pitch.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse flatr * see  plat- 
Դ ˹ά flatr *μ plat- 
?
flatly
adv.ʣ
flatness
n.ʣ
?
flat
flat 2
AHD:[fl2t] 
D.J.[fl#t]
K.K.[fl#t]
n.ʣ
An apartment on one floor of a building.
Ԣͬһ¥һ׹Ԣ
Archaic A story in a house.
 һ¥ڵһ
?
Alteration of Scots flet [inner part of a house] 
 ո fletı仯 [ݵڲ] 
from Middle English 
Դ йӢ 
from Old English [floor, dwelling] * see  plat- 
Դ Ӣ [һ¥סլ] *μ plat- 

= =
flatter
flatter 1
AHD:[fl2tr] 
D.J.[6fl#t*]
K.K.[6fl#t+]
v.ʣ
flat.tered,flat.ter.ing,flat.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially in order to win favor.
УָΪ˲ûĵĹֵҳΪϵ
To please or gratify the vanity of:
ȡãʹģ
What really flatters a man is that you think him worth flattering(George Bernard Shaw)
һΪֵ÷С(Ρ)
To portray favorably:
ԵñȱƯ
a photograph that flatters its subject.
һĵñȱƯƬ
To show off becomingly or advantageously.
ҫʵػֵʾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice flattery.
з
?
Middle English flateren 
йӢ flateren 
from Old French flater 
Դ ŷ flater 
[of Germanic origin] * see  plat- 
[Դն] *μ plat- 
?
flatterer
n.ʣ
flatteringly
adv.ʣ
?
flatter
flatter 2
AHD:[fl2tr] 
D.J.[6fl#t*]
K.K.[6fl#t+]
n.ʣ
A flat-faced swage or hammer used by blacksmiths.
ƽߣõһƽģ
A die plate for flattening metal into strips, as in the manufacture of watch springs.
ģһƽģ壬ֱģ

= =
flavour
fla.vour
AHD:[fl3vr] 
D.J.[6fle!v*]
K.K.[6flev+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of flavor 
 flavorı

= =
flaw
flaw 1
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[fl%8]
K.K.[fl%]
n.ʣ
An imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness:
覴ãͨΪεȱݣ
a flaw in the crystal that caused it to shatter.See Synonyms at blemish 
ˮϵһƵμ blemish
A defect or shortcoming in something intangible:
ȱݣĳʵĲ֮ȱ㣺
They share the character flaw of arrogance.
Ƕаȱ
A defect in a legal document that can render it invalid.
ʧЧܵЧķļ©
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
flawed,flaw.ing,flaws 
To make or become defective.
ʹ覴ãʹȱ
?
Middle English flaue [splinter] 
йӢ flaue [ѳƬ] 
perhaps from Old Norse flaga [slab of stone] * see  pl3k- 1
Դ ˹ά flaga [ʯ] *μ pl3k- 1
?
flaw
flaw 2
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[fl%8]
K.K.[fl%]
n.ʣ
A brief gust or blast of wind.
һǿ磺ʱڵĿ
A passing storm; a squall.
ݵķ籩һӷ籩
Obsolete A burst of passion.
 ͻȻĸ鱬
?
[Probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Swedish flaga [gust of wind] 
[Դ˹ά]    flaga [] 
?
flawy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
flee
flee
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[fli8]
K.K.[fli]
v.ʣ
fled[fld] flee.ing,flees 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To run away, as from trouble or danger:
ܣѻվܣ
fled from the house into the night.
ӷӵããҹ
To pass swiftly away; vanish:
ţѸʧ
of time fleeing beneath him(William Faulkner)
ʱ߷ٶ()
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To run away from:
ӡܣ
flee the scene of an accident.
µص
?
Middle English flen 
йӢ flen 
from Old English fl?n * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?n *μ pleu- 
?
fleer
n.ʣ

= =
fleet
fleet 1
AHD:[fl?t] 
D.J.[fli8t]
K.K.[flit]
n.ʣ
A number of warships operating together under one command.
ӣͳһָһжһ
A group of vessels or vehicles, such as taxicabs or fishing boats, owned or operated as a unit.
ӣӣ洬ΪһжһӴֻ
?
Middle English flete 
йӢ flete 
from Old English fl?t 
Դ Ӣ fl?t 
from fl?n [to float] * see  pleu- 
Դ fl?n [Ʈ] *μ pleu- 
?
fleet
fleet 2
AHD:[fl?t] 
D.J.[fli8t]
K.K.[flit]
adj.ݴʣ
fleet.er,fleet.est 
Moving swiftly; rapid or nimble.See Synonyms at fast 1
ݵģٵģжѸٵģĻݵĲμ fast1
Fleeting; evanescent.
ݵģת˲ŵ
v.ʣ
fleet.ed,fleet.ing,fleets 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or pass swiftly.
ۣѸٵƶ򾭹
To fade out; vanish.
ʧ
Archaic To flow.
 
Obsolete To drift.
 Ʈ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (time) to pass quickly.
ʹʱ䣩
Nautical To alter the position of (tackle or rope, for example).
 任绬߻ģλ
?
Probably from Old Norse flj?r 
Դ ˹ά flj?r 
V., from Middle English fleten [to drift, float] 
ʣԴ йӢ fleten [ƮƮ] 
from Old English fl?n * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?n *μ pleu- 
?
fleetly
adv.ʣ
fleetness
n.ʣ

= =
flesh
flesh
AHD:[flsh] 
D.J.[fle.]
K.K.[flW.]
n.ʣ
The soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate, covering the bones and consisting mainly of skeletal muscle and fat.
֯׵Ҫɹ֬ɵ֯ڹ
The surface or skin of the human body.
ƤıƤ
The meat of animals as distinguished from the edible tissue of fish or fowl.
⣺දĿʳõ֯
Botany The pulpy, usually edible part of a fruit or vegetable.
ֲѧ ⣺ˮ߲˵ĹʵġͨΪʳõĲ
Excess fatty tissue; plumpness.
֬֯
The body as opposed to the mind or soul.
壺뾫Ե
The physical or carnal nature of humankind.
ʻ
Sensual appetites.

Humankind in general; humanity.
ࣺͳƣ
One's family; kin.
ˣĳ˵ļˣ
Substance; reality:
ʣʵ
The maritime strategy has an all but unstoppable institutional momentum behind it . . . that has given force and flesh to the theory(Jack Beatty)
սѧһɼǲɶƵϰѧ˵Ⱥʺܡ(ܿˡ)
v.ʣ
fleshed,flesh.ing,flesh.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give substance or detail to; fill out:
ʵʣݻϸڣд
fleshed out the novel with a subplot.
ԴҪʹС˵ʵ
To clean (a hide) of adhering flesh.
ѣƤ丽ŵϰ
To encourage (a falcon, for example) to participate in the chase by feeding it flesh from a kill.
ιʳԴ̼ιӥԴʹ׷
To inure to battle or bloodshed.
ʹϰսʹӦڲɱ¾
To plunge or thrust (a weapon) into flesh.
ѣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become plump or fleshy; gain weight.
֣ʻ֣
?
in the flesh
Alive.
ŵ
In person; present.
ԣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fl?c 
Դ Ӣ fl?c 
?
fleshless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
flexible
flex.i.ble
AHD:[flks-bl] 
D.J.[6fleks*b*l]
K.K.[6flWks*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being bent or flexed; pliable.
ģŤģ͵
Capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or damage.
Եģܹ˻𻵵
Susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable.
˳ģӰȰ˵ģ˳
Responsive to change; adaptable:
ɱͨģӦģ
a flexible schedule.
ɱͨճ̱
?
From Latin flexibilis 
Դ  flexibilis 
from flexus [past participle of] flectere [to bend] 
Դ flexus  [] flectereĹȥִ [] 
?
flexibility  
flexibleness
n.ʣ
flexibly
adv.ʣ
?
flexible,elastic,resilient,springy,supple
These adjectives refer literally to what is capable of withstanding stress without injuryand figuratively to what can undergo change or modification.Something that isflexible can be bent, 
twisted, or turned (  
Щݴʵ˼ָܾסѹ𻵵ģָܾס仯ıġFlexible ݿšŤĶ  
flexible wire); the word can also refer to adaptability to change or the need for change ( 
˿ ҲָԱ仯ӦԻ 
a flexible administrator;
Ա
flexible plans). What iselastic  returns to an original shape, form, or position, as after being stretched (  
ļƻ Elastic ݱԻָԭ״̬λõĶ  
an elastic band), can adapt or be adapted to differing circumstances ( 
ƤȦ ӦӦڲͬģ 
an elastic clause in a contract), is quick to recover, as from illness or misfortune ( 
ͬһ鿼ǵ ܴӼѸٻָģ 
an elastic spirit), or is stretched beyond strict or proper bounds ( 
ֹ۵ˣ ǱóʵĽ޻Ƶģ 
an elastic interpretation of a law). 
һɵ⣩ 
 Resilient,   likeelastic, implies a springing back to an original shape, especially after compression ( 
 Resilient  elastic һҲзԭε˼ ָѹ 
thin, resilient copper); it also suggests a buoyant capacity to revive, as from depression ( 
ϸԵͭ˿ ʾָ 
a resilient temperament). 
ʵ飩 
 Springy  describes what is marked by resilience and elasticity: 
 Springy  Ժ͵ 
springy curls;
ľë
a springy stride.
Ĳ
Supple  applies to what is easily bent or twisted ( 
Supple  šĶ 
a supple birch rod;
һ
supple suede), bends or twists with agility ( 
ɽƤ ܹšĶ 
a supple body;
壻
supple limbs), or is marked by easy adaptability ( 
֫ ǾӦĶ 
a supple mind). 
ͷԣ 

= =
flight
flight 1
AHD:[flot] 
D.J.[fla!t]
K.K.[fla!t]
n.ʣ
The motion of an object in or through a medium, especially through the earth's atmosphere or through space.
Уýл򴩹ý˶ָԽ̫
An instance of such motion.
У˶ʵ
The distance covered in such motion.
̣˶ľ
The act or process of flying through the air by means of wings.
óУóڿзеΪ
The ability to fly.

A swift passage or movement.
ɳۣѸٵľƶ
A scheduled airline run or trip.
Уʱķл
A group, especially of birds or aircraft, flying together.See Synonyms at flock 1
ȺУָеһȺһȺɻμ flock1
A number of aircraft in the U.S. Air Force forming a subdivision of a squadron.
Сӣվжӷֶӵһɻ
An exuberant or transcendent effort or display:
ԾţȵĻ򳬳Ŭʾ
a flight of the imagination; flights of oratory.
ıŷݽŻı
A series of stairs rising from one landing to another.
һ¥ݣ¥ݵһϢƽ̨һϢƽ̨̨֮
v.intr.ﶯʣ
flight.ed,flight.ing,flights 
To migrate or fly in flocks.
ȺǨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English flyht * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ flyht *μ pleu- 
?
flight
flight 2
AHD:[flot] 
D.J.[fla!t]
K.K.[fla!t]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of running away; an escape.
ܣܵΪʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English *flyht * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ *flyht *μ pleu- 

= =
fling
fling
AHD:[fl1ng] 
D.J.[fl!0]
K.K.[fl!0]
v.ʣ
flung[fl?ng] fling.ing,flings 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw with violence:
ӣ
flung the dish against the wall.See Synonyms at throw 
ǽϲμ throw
To put or send suddenly or unexpectedly:
ɣͻȻػ䲻ʹǲ
troops that were flung into battle.
ȥսľ
To throw (oneself) into an activity with abandon and energy.
Ͷ룺ʹԼػͶ뵽һȥ
To cast aside; discard:
һߣ
fling propriety away.
׿
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move quickly, violently, or impulsively.
ͳ壬ˣѸ١һ嶯˶
n.ʣ
The act of flinging.
Ͷ׵Ϊ
A brief period of indulging one's impulses.See Synonyms at binge 
⣺һʱ黶ֲμ binge
Informal A usually brief attempt or effort:
ʽ ԣͨΪݵĳԻŬ
You take a fling at it.
һ԰
?
Middle English flingen [of Scandinavian origin] * see  pl3k- 2
йӢ flingen [Դ˹ά] *μ pl3k- 2

= =
fly
fly 1
AHD:[flo] 
D.J.[fla!]
K.K.[fla!]
v.ʣ
flew[fl?] flown[fl?n] fly.ing,flies[floz]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in flight, especially:
У·Уָ
To move through the air by means of wings or winglike parts.
ɣͨó״Ĳڿд
To travel by air:
˷ɻУ
We flew to Dallas.
ǳ˷ɻȥ˹
To operate an aircraft or spacecraft.
ʻݷɻ
To rise in or be carried through the air by the wind:
ߣ紵ڿдͣ
a kite flying above the playground.
ڲٳϿշķ
To float or flap in the air:
ƮĴڿƮƮ
pennants flying from the masthead.
ΦƮź
To move or be sent through the air with great speed:
ڿзƶͣ
bullets flying in every direction; a plate that flew from my hands when I stumbled.
ĴɽǹҰʱзɳһ
To move with great speed; rush or dart:
ͳ壺ƶײ
The children flew down the hall. Rumors were flying during their absence.
ǷҲƵ´ǲʱ
To flee; escape.
룻
To hasten; spring:
Ͽ죻
flew to her students' defense.
Ͽѧ˵
To pass by swiftly:
ţӹ
a vacation flying by; youth that is soon flown.
Ҵҷŵļڣݼŵഺ
To be dissipated; vanish:
ɢʧ
Their small inheritance was quickly flown.
ǵõ΢Ųܿͻ
past tense and past participle flied[flod]  Baseball To hit a fly ball.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ flied[flod]   ߷
To undergo an explosive reaction; burst:
ըһαըӦը
The dropped plate flew into pieces. The motorist flew into a rage.
ڵϵˤƬݳ˴
Informal To gain acceptance or approval; go over:
ʽ ýɻͬ⣺
However sophisticated the reasoning, this particular notion may not fly(New York Times)
ԭô۸ӣضĹܵõ(ŦԼʱ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to fly or float in the air:
ʹ裺ʹڿзУ
fly a kite; fly a flag.
ŷݣ
Nautical To operate under (a particular flag):
 ңڣĳһض£ת
a tanker that flies the Liberian flag.
̹
To pilot (an aircraft or a spacecraft).
ʻ̫շɴ
To carry or transport in an aircraft or a spacecraft:
ͣ÷ɻػ䣺
fly emergency supplies to a stricken area.
ĵ˾ȼ
To pass over or through in flight:
ڷо򴩹
flew the coastal route in record time.
ʱԾغ
To perform in a spacecraft or an aircraft:
ڷɻнв
flew six missions into space.
ڿ
To flee or run from:
ܣ
fly a place in panic.
Ŷ
To avoid; shun:
⣻رܣ
fly temptation.
ջ
n.ʣ
 flies 
The act of flying; flight.
ɣУɵĶ
A fold of cloth that covers a fastening of a garment, especially one on the front of trousers.
Ŧ۸ǣָڿǰɸסĶ۵Ĳ۵
The fastening or opening covered by such a fold.
Ŧ۸ǸסĿڣд۵˩򶤿۴
A flap that covers an entrance or forms a rooflike extension for a tent or the canopy of a vehicle.
˫ӣסڵӻڵ״
A flyleaf.
ҳ
Baseball A fly ball.
 ߷
The span of a flag from the staff to the outer edge.
ӵĺ˵Ŀ
The outer edge of a flag.
ıԵ
A flywheel.

flies The area directly over the stage of a theater, containing overhead lights, drop curtains, and equipment for raising and lowering sets.
 flies ̨ĶԺ̨Ϸͷĵƹ⡢Ļ߻򽵵Ͳе
Chiefly British A one-horse carriage, especially one for hire.
Ӣ һָڳ
?
fly at
To attack fiercely; assault:
ҹϮ
The dogs flew at each other's throats.
˻ҧŶԷĺ
?
fly high
To be elated:
Եã
They were flying high after their first child was born.
һӵĽʹǸ˵
fly off the handleʽ
To become suddenly enraged:
Ȼŭ
flew off the handle when the train was finally canceled.
ڻձȡʱǴ
let fly
To shoot, hurl, or release:
Ͷͷţ
The troops let fly a volley of gunfire.
ӽɨ
To lash out; assault:
ֽŻ͹
The mayor let fly with an angry attack on her critics.
г˷˷ŭ͹
on the fly
On the run; in a hurry:
Ҵңæ
took lunch on the fly.
æԹ緹
While in the air; in flight:
ڿУڷУ
caught the ball on the fly.
ڿн
?
Middle English flien 
йӢ flien 
from Old English fl?n * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?n *μ pleu- 
?
flyable
adj.ݴʣ
?
fly
fly 2
AHD:[flo] 
D.J.[fla!]
K.K.[fla!]
n.ʣ
 flies 
Any of numerous two-winged insects of the order Diptera, especially any of the family Muscidae, which includes the housefly.
Ӭ˫Ŀ֧һ棬ָκһּӬƵ棬Ӭ
Any of various other flying insects, such as the caddis fly.
ʯϣ꣺ʯκһɵ
A fishing lure simulating a fly, made by attaching materials such as feathers, tinsel, and colored thread to a fishhook.
Ӭһְë˿ͲճƳɵαװɲӬ
?
fly in the ointment
A detrimental circumstance or detail; a drawback.
覴ãв㣺ֵϸڣȱ
?
Middle English flie 
йӢ flie 
from Old English fl?e * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?e *μ pleu- 
?
fly
fly 3
AHD:[flo] 
D.J.[fla!]
K.K.[fla!]
adj.Chiefly British ݴʣӢ 
Mentally alert; sharp.
ͷԻģǵ
?
Probably from fly 1
Դ fly1

= =
float
float
AHD:[fl?t] 
D.J.[fl*&t]
K.K.[flot]
v.ʣ
float.ed,float.ing,floats 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remain suspended within or on the surface of a fluid without sinking.
Ưıڻϵ״̬ȥ
To be suspended in or move through space as if supported by a liquid.
ƯҺŰڿŻȥ
To move from place to place, especially at random.
Ưƣεָشһƶһ
To move easily or lightly:
ƮȻ׵ػɵƶ
Miss Golightly . . . floated round in their arms light as a scarf(Truman Capote)
С㡭˿ǵıƮȻת(³š)
Economics To find a level in relationship to other currencies solely in response to the law of supply and demand:
ѧ ңϵĵڶγһҵıȼ۱׼
allowed the dollar to float.
Ԫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to remain suspended without sinking or falling.
ʹʹ»
To put into the water; launch:
ˮУˮУˮУʹˮ
float a ship; float a navy.
ʹִˮʹͧˮ
To start or establish (a business enterprise, for example).
ʴҵ
To flood (land), as for irrigation.
ȣΪ˹ȶûأ
Economics To allow (the exchange value of a currency) to find freely its real level in relationship to other currencies.
ѧ ʸãҶһֵγıȼ۱׼
To release (a security) for sale.
ۣУծȯԳ
To arrange for (a loan).
Ｏ
To make the surface of (plaster, for example) level or smooth.
ѣࣩŪƽŪ⻬
Computer Science To convert (data) from fixed-point notation to floating-point notation.
ѧ ѣݣӶʾΪʾ
n.ʣ
Something that floats, as:
ŵĶ磺
A raft.
ӣͧ
A buoy.
Ͳ
A life preserver.
Ʒ
A buoyant object, such as a cork, used to hold a net or fishing line afloat.
ӣܸ壬ʹ߸ĸ
A landing platform attached to a wharf and floating on the water.
̶̨ͷҸˮϵ½ƽ̨
A floating ball attached to a lever to regulate the water level in a tank.
򣺴ҺڸܸҺĸ
Biology An air-filled sac or structure that aids in the flotation of an aquatic organism.Also called  air bladder ,air vesicle 
ѧ ңˮֲƮõĳһṹҲ  air bladder,air vesicle
A decorated exhibit or scene mounted on a mobile platform and pulled or driven in a parade.
лһƶƽ̨ϲúõʱƶչ򳡾
A sum of money representing checks that are outstanding.
δ֧Ʊδֵ֧Ʊʾֽ
A tool for smoothing the surface of plaster or cement.
ܵһ׹ˮĹ
A soft drink with ice cream floating in it.See Regional Note at milk shake 
ϣһ渡бܵϲμ milk shake
?
Middle English floten 
йӢ floten 
from Old English flotian * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ flotian *μ pleu- 
?
floatable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
flock
flock 1
AHD:[fl?k] 
D.J.[flKk]
K.K.[fl$k]
n.ʣ
A group of animals that live, travel, or feed together.
ȺȺһȺһнȡʳĶ
A group of people under the leadership of one person, especially the members of a church.
ȺڣһȺͬһ쵼µˣָͬһɵĳԱ
A large crowd or number:
ѻ
had a flock of questions.See Usage Note at collective noun 
һμ collective noun
v.intr.ﶯʣ
flocked,flock.ing,flocks 
To congregate or travel in a flock or crowd.
ȺȺɶѵؾۼн
?
Middle English flok 
йӢ flok 
from Old English floc 
Դ Ӣ floc 
?
flock,flight,herd,drove,pack,gang,gaggle,bevy,brood
These nouns denote a number of animals, birds, or fish considered collectively,and some have human connotations.
ЩָһЩļϣЩҲָˡ
 Flock  is applied to a congregation of animals of one kind, especially sheep or goats herded by human beings,and to any congregation of wild or domesticated birds, especially when 
on the ground.It is also applicable to people who form the membership of a church or to people under someone's care or supervision.
 Flock  ָɽһȺͬ󣬻κһȺڵϻҰĻදҲͬһɵĳԱǻĳ˹ල
һЩˡ
 Flight  refers to a flock of birds in flight.
 Flight  ָһȺе
 Herd  is used of a number of animals, especially cattle, herded by human beings;or of wild animals such as antelope, elephants, and zebras;or of whales and seals.Applied to people,it 
is used disparagingly of a crowd or of the massesand suggests the gregarious aspect of crowd psychology.
 Herd  ָһȺţ˷Ķ򡢴ͰҰҲָ򺣱ָʱǶһȺ˻ȺڵƣҰָȺ
 Drove  is used of a herd or flock of cattle, sheep, geese, or the like, that are being moved or driven from one place to another;less often it refers to a crowd of people in movement.
 Drove  ָһѻһȺţ򡢶ƵıŴһһĶżҲָһȺнеˡ
 Pack  is applicable to any body of animals, especially wolves, or of birds, especially grouse,and to a body of hounds trained to hunt as a unit.It also refers disparagingly to a band or 
group of persons.
 Pack  ǻȺκȺָɼָһȺΪһѵõԹҲָһһȺ˵ơ
 Gang   refers to a herd, especially of buffalo or elk; to a pack of wolves or wild dogs; or to various associations of persons, especially when engaged in violent or criminal pursuits.
 Gang  ָˮţһȺһȺǻҰ±ĸŻ
 Gaggle  denotes a flock of geese.
 Gaggle  ָһȺ졣
 Bevy  is used of a company of roe deer, larks, or quail.
 Bevy  ָһȺ¹ȸȡ
 Brood  is applicable to offspring that are still under the care of a mother,especially the offspring of domestic and game birds or,less formally, of human beings. The following related 
terms are used as indicated:
 Brood  ĸޱµָ̣Ļõڲ̫ʽĳҲָˡµش÷£
 cast,   the number of hawks or falcons cast off at one time, usually a pair;cete,  a company of badgers; covert,  a flock of coots; covey,  a family of grouse, partridges, or other game 
birds; drift,  a drove or herd, especially of hogs; exaltation,  a flight of larks; fall,  a family of woodcock in flight; gam,  a school of whales, or a social congregation of whalers, especially 
at sea; kennel,  a number of hounds or dogs housed in one place or under the same ownership; kindle,  a brood or litter, especially of kittens; litter,  the total number of offspring 
produced at a single birth by a multiparous mammal; muster,  a flock of peacocks; nide,  a brood of pheasants; pod,  a small herd of seals or whales; pride,  a company of lions; rout,  a 
company of people or animals in movement, especially knights or wolves; school,  a congregation of fish, or aquatic mammals such as dolphins or porpoises; shrewdness,  a company 
of apes; skein,  a flight of wildfowl, especially geese; skulk,  a congregation of vermin, especially foxes, or of thieves;sloth,  a company of bears; sord,  a flight of mallards; sounder,  a 
herd of wild boar; stable,  a number of horses housed in one place or under the same ownership; swarm,  a colony of insects, such as ants, bees, or wasps, especially when migrating 
to a new nest or hive;troop,  a number of animals, birds, or people, especially when on the move; warren,  the inhabitants, such as rabbits, of a warren; watch,  a flock of nightingales; 
andwisp,  a flock of birds, especially of snipe. See also Synonyms at  crowd 
 cast  ָһŷɵӥĿͨΪһԣcete һȺ covert һȺţ covey һȺɼʯ drift һȺһѣָ exaltation һȺ
ȸ fall һȺе֣ gam һȺһﲶˣָںϵģ kennel һȺסһͬһеԹ򹷣 kindle һѻһָСè litter һ
̥Ĳ鶯һе muster һȺȸ nide һҰ pod һСȺ򾨣 pride һȺʨӣ rout һȺне˻ָʿǣ 
school һȺˮ鶯纣С shrewdness һȺԳ skein һȺָ죻 skulk һȺ޻ˣ ָС͵sloth һȺܣ sord һȺҰѼ
 sounder һȺҰ stable סͬһͬһеһȺ swarm һȺ棬ϡ۷Ʒ䣬 ָǨһµĳ䷿ʱtroop һȺ
ˣָнʱ warren óһȺӣ watch һȺҹݺ wisp һȺָ μͬ crowd
?
flock
flock 2
AHD:[fl?k] 
D.J.[flKk]
K.K.[fl$k]
n.ʣ
A tuft, as of fiber or hair.
ëάëȵһ
Waste wool or cotton used for stuffing furniture and mattresses.
ëмҾ߻õķë
An inferior grade of wool added to cloth for extra weight.
ֲõģޣֲڲĴεë
Pulverized wool or felt that is applied to paper, cloth, or metal to produce a texture or pattern.
ֽʱĳۻͼĥɷ״ëëձ
See  floccule 
μ  floccule
v.tr.ﶯʣ
flocked,flock.ing,flocks 
To stuff with waste wool or cotton.
÷ëмм
To texture or pattern with pulverized wool or felt.
Ϊֲޣĥɷ״ëëձƳĳۻͼ
?
Middle English flok 
йӢ flok 
from Old French floc 
Դ ŷ floc 
from Latin floccus [tuft of wool] 
Դ  floccus [һë] 

= =
flood
flood
AHD:[fl?d] 
D.J.[flJd]
K.K.[flJd]
n.ʣ
An overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry.
ˮ¸Ϊ½صˮ
A flood tide.
ǳ
An abundant flow or outpouring:
ע
received a flood of applications.See Synonyms at flow 
յְŲμ flow
A floodlight, specifically a unit that produces a beam of intense light.
̽յƣ̽յƣָܲһǿװ
Flood The universal deluge recorded in the Old Testament as having occurred during the life of Noah. Often used withthe.  
 Flood ŵʱڵĴˮԼȫϼصķŵʱڵĴˮthe  
v.ʣ
flood.ed,flood.ing,floods 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or submerge with or as if with a flood; inundate:
ûģԺˮԺˮƵظǻûģ
My desk is flooded with paper.
ҵ϶ֽ
To fill with an abundance or an excess:
⣺ԷḻĶ
flood the market with cheap foreign goods.
гϳ۵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become inundated or submerged.
û÷Ļû
To pour forth; overflow.
ʧ
?
Middle English flod 
йӢ flod 
from Old English fl?d * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?d *μ pleu- 

= =
floor
floor
AHD:[fl?r, fl?r] 
D.J.[fl%8, fl*&r]
K.K.[fl%r, flor]
n.Abbr. fl.ʣд fl.
The surface of a room on which one stands.
ذ壺վı沿
The lower or supporting surface of a structure.
棺ĳֽṹĵײ֧
A story or level of a building.
¥㣺һһƽ
The occupants of such a story:
¥סߣ
The entire floor complained about the noise.
¥ľ񶼱Թ̫
A level surface or area used for a specified purpose:
ר;ƽ
a dance floor; a threshing floor.
أȳ
The surface of a structure on which vehicles travel.
ṹ棺ʻĽ
The part of a legislative chamber or meeting hall where members are seated and from which they speak.
ԱϯһԱͷʹõĲ
The right to address an assembly, as granted under parliamentary procedure.
ȨڻϷԵȨ
The body of assembly members:
壺ȫ弯Ա
a motion from the floor.
Աеһɧ
The part of a room or building where the principal business or work takes place, especially:
нҪĲָ֣
The area of an exchange where securities are traded.
н֤ȯ׵
The part of a retail store in which merchandise is displayed and sales are made.
չʾĵط̵Ʒк۵Ĳ
The area of a factory where the product is manufactured or assembled.
Ʒ֮װƷ
The ground or lowermost surface, as of a forest or an ocean.
ףײͲ㣬ɭֻײ
A lower limit or base:
޶Ȼ
a pricing floor; a bidding floor.
ͼۣ׼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
floored,floor.ing,floors 
To provide with a floor.
ڡذ
Informal To press (the accelerator of a motor vehicle) to the floor.
ʽ ѣţȵ
To knock down.

To stun; overwhelm:
ܣʹ𾪣ʹ֪룺
The very idea floored me.
뷨ʹ𾪲
?
Middle English flor 
йӢ flor 
from Old English fl?r * see  pel- 2
Դ Ӣ fl?r *μ pel- 2
?
floorer
n.ʣ

= =
flour
flour
AHD:[flour] 
D.J.[fla&*]
K.K.[fla&r]
n.ʣ
A fine, powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a grain, especially wheat, used chiefly in baking.
ۣһ־ĥﲢɸѡĩõľϸ״ʳָСҪڿ
Any of various similar finely ground or powdered foodstuffs, as of cassava, fish, or bananas.
κһƵġĥɷ۵ʳδĸۡۻ㽶
A soft, fine powder.
ϸķĩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
floured,flour.ing,flours 
To cover or coat with flour.
۸ǰ
To make into flour.
ĥɷ
?
Middle English * see  flower 
йӢ *μ flower
?
floury
adj.ݴʣ

= =
flourish
flour.ish
AHD:[fl?r1sh, fl?r-] 
D.J.[6flT8r!., 6flJr-]
K.K.[6flPr!., 6flJr-]
v.ʣ
flour.ished,flour.ish.ing,flour.ish.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow well or luxuriantly; thrive:
ïʢʢúûïïʢ
The crops flourished in the rich bottomland.
ڷֵĺӰ͵ï
To do or fare well; prosper:
٣ʵлչúã٣
No village on the railroad failed to flourish(John Kenneth Galbraith)
·Ĵׯܷ١(Լ˼Ӷ˹)
To be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence:
ԾӰʱڣ
an anonymous poet who flourished in the tenth century; painted when Impressionism was flourishing.
һλԾ10͵ʫˣӡʱ
To make bold, sweeping movements:
裺¸ҵġɨһеĶ
The banner flourished in the wind.
ڿз
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wield, wave, or exhibit dramatically.
裬趯עĿػ衢ҡҷչ
n.ʣ
A dramatic or stylish movement, as of waving or brandishing:
裬ӶһϷԵĻĶҡҷ裺
A few . . . musicians embellish their performance with a flourish of the fingers(Frederick D. Bennett)
һЩּûεĵָװǵࡱ(׵D.)
An embellishment or ornamentation:
Ĵ壺װƷ
signed her name with a distinctive flourish; a long speech with many rhetorical flourishes.
۵ĻǩһγĽ
An ostentatious act or gesture:
ŵΪƣ
a flourish of generosity.

Music A showy or ceremonious passage, such as a fanfare.
֡ װ־䣬ʽࣺһҫ򽲾ʽ֣С
?
Middle English florishen 
йӢ florishen 
from Old French florir  floriss- 
Դ ŷ florir  floriss- 
from Vulgar Latin *fl?ore} 
Դ  *fl?ore} 
from Latin fl??re} 
Դ  fl??re} 
from fl?s  fl?r- [flower] * see  bhel- 3
Դ fl?s  fl?r- [] *μ bhel- 3
?
flourisher
n.ʣ
?
flourish,brandish,wave
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to swing back and forth boldly and dramatically: 
Ще˼ǡ󵨶ϷԵǰڶ 
flourished her newly signed contract;
˸߲ҵҡǩĺͬ
brandish a sword;
Ӷ
waving a baton. 
ž 

= =
flow
flow
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[fl*&]
K.K.[flo]
v.ʣ
flowed,flow.ing,flows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or run smoothly with unbroken continuity, as in the manner characteristic of a fluid.
ͬҺƵϵƶ
To issue in a stream; pour forth:
ǰӿСϪӿ
Sap flowed from the gash in the tree.
Һпڴӿ
To circulate, as the blood in the body.
ѭеѪҺѭ
To move with a continual shifting of the component particles:
ɷ΢Ĳϱ仯ƶ
wheat flowing into the bin; traffic flowing through the tunnel.
С붷УгϢ
To proceed steadily and easily:
˳ȽɵؽУ
The preparations flowed smoothly.
׼˳ؽ
To exhibit a smooth or graceful continuity:
ʾ˳ŵԣ
The cadence of the poem flowed gracefully.
ʫ
To hang loosely and gracefully:
ңɢŵң
The cape flowed from his shoulders.
ļ
To rise. Used of the tide.
ǳǳ
To arise; derive:
ӡԣ
Several conclusions flow from this hypothesis.
۶ļ
To abound or teem:
ڻۼڣ
coffers flowing with treasure.
ı
To stream copiously; flood:
ģ˺ˮû
Contributions flowed in from all parts of the country.
ȫطӿľ
To menstruate.
¾
To undergo plastic deformation without cracking or breaking. Used of rocks, metals, or minerals.
ΣѹƶΪ𻵻Ρʯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To release as a flow:
ˮһķų
trees flowing thin sap.
֭Һ
To cause to flow:
ʹ
One of the real keys to success is developing a system where you can flow traffic to yourselves(Marc Klee)
򿪳ɹ֮ŵԿ׾Ƿչһϵͳͨǿ԰֪ʶԴԴϵԼ顱(ˡ)
n.ʣ
The act of flowing.
Ϊ
The smooth motion characteristic of fluids.
Һɫƽƶ
A stream or current.
Ϫ
A flood or an overflow.
ˮˮ
A residual mass that has stopped flowing:
ֹͣĲ
a hardened lava flow.
Ӳ
A continuous output or outpouring:
ϲϵĲӿ
a flow of ideas; produced a steady flow of articles and stories.
ӵͷԴԴĴ͹
A continuous movement or circulation:
Ϣƶѭ
the flow of traffic; a flow of paperwork across his desk.
ϢĽͨ칫ֹļ
The amount that flows in a given period of time.
һڵ
The rising of the tide.
ǳ
Continuity and smoothness of appearance.
۵ģԺ˳
A general movement or tendency:
һձ˶ƣ
As the lone dissenter in the group, she was going against the flow of opinion.
Ϊһ¶ķߣ˼Ϊ
The sequence in which operations are performed.
в
An apparent ease or effortlessness of performance:
ݣݲȣԵɻĽУ
An athlete must learn toforget  the details of his or her training to achieve the instinctive sense of flow that characterizes a champion (Frederick Turner)
һ˶Աѧ ѵϸڣԻһھеִݲȵʡ (׵ˡ)
Menstrual discharge.
¾
?
Middle English flouen 
йӢ flouen 
from Old English fl?n * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ fl?n *μ pleu- 
?
flowingly
adv.ʣ
?
flow,current,flood,flux,rush,stream,tide
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something suggestive of running water: 
Щʹ˼ǡĳˮĶ 
a flow of thought;
ӿֵ뷨
the current of history;
ʷĳ
a flood of ideas;
ð⣻
a flux of words;
ĵƷ
a rush of sympathy;
ͻӿͬ飻
a stream of complaints;
ੲݵԹ
a tide of immigration. See also Synonyms at  stem 1
 μͬ stem1

= =
flower
flow.er
AHD:[flour] 
D.J.[6fla&*]
K.K.[6fla&+]
n.ʣ
The reproductive structure of some seed-bearing plants, characteristically having either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs, such as stamens and a 
pistil, enclosed in an outer envelope of petals and sepals.
ר;Իֳ֮һ߼ߵĳֲֽṹʹĻƬ֮
Such a structure having showy or colorful parts; a blossom.
ŵĻ䣺ɫʷḻĲֵĽṹ
A plant that is cultivated or appreciated for its blossoms.
ֲһΪ仨ֲ͵ֲ
The condition or a time of having developed flowers:
ʢŭŵʱ䣺
The azaleas were in full flower.
ž黨ŭ
Something, such as an ornament or a figure of speech, that resembles a flower in shape, fineness, or attractiveness.
壺ĳ״ϸ˵ĳ̶뻨ƵƷһһϯ
The period of highest development; the peak.See Synonyms at bloom 1
߷壬ʢ꣺̶߳ȵķչʱڣʢڲμ bloom1
The highest example or best representative:
ӢߵķõĴ
the flower of our generation.
һ˵Ľܳ
A natural development or outgrowth:
Ȼķչ
His attitude was simply a flower of his general good nature(Henry James)
̬ȴƽʱĵصȻ¶(ղķ˹)
flowers Chemistry A fine powder produced by condensation or sublimation of a compound.
 flowers ѧ ϸĩɻŨõľϸĩ
v.ʣ
flow.ered,flow.er.ing,flow.ers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce a flower or flowers; blossom.
һ仨
To develop naturally or fully; mature:
죺Ȼֵطչ죺
His artistic talents flowered early.
ܺͳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To decorate with flowers or with a floral pattern.
ԻװΣԻװλԻͼװ
?
Middle English flour [flower, best of anything, flour] 
йӢ flour [ĳò֣] 
from Old French flor 
Դ ŷ flor 
from Latin fl?s  fl?r- * see  bhel- 3
Դ  fl?s  fl?r- *μ bhel- 3
?
flowerer
n.ʣ
flowerless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
flu
flu
AHD:[fl?] 
D.J.[flu8]
K.K.[flu]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
Influenza.

?
Short for influenza 
 influenzaļд

= =
fluctuate
fluc.tu.ate
AHD:[fl?kch?-3t] 
D.J.[6flJkt.u87e!t]
K.K.[6flJkt.u7et]
v.ʣ
fluc.tu.at.ed,fluc.tu.at.ing,fluc.tu.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To vary irregularly.See Synonyms at swing 
䶯μ swing
To rise and fall in or as if in waves; undulate.
ڻڲг
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to rise and fall or vary irregularly.
ʹ򲻹ɱ仯
?
Latin fluctu3e  fluctu3t- 
 fluctu3e  fluctu3t- 
from fluctus [a flowing] 
Դ fluctus [һ] 
from past participle of fluere  fluc- [to flow] * see  bhleu- 
Դ fluereĹȥִ  fluc- [] *μ bhleu- 
?
fluctuant
AHD:[-nt] ݴʣ
fluctuation
n.ʣ

= =
fluent
flu.ent
AHD:[fl?nt] 
D.J.[6flu8*nt]
K.K.[6flu*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Able to express oneself readily and effortlessly:
ģܹȻغͺرԼģ
a fluent speaker; fluent in three languages.
Ƶݽߣ˵
Flowing effortlessly; polished:
ģرģѵصģ
speaks fluent Russian; gave a fluent performance of the sonata.
˵һĶ֧
Flowing or moving smoothly; graceful:
ģ˳ƶģ
a yacht with long, fluent curves.
һ޳ͧ
Flowing or capable of flowing; fluid.
ģĻܹģҺ̬
?
Latin flu?s  fluent- [present participle of] fluere [to flow] * see  bhleu- 
 flu?s  fluent-  [] fluereڷִ [] *μ bhleu- 
?
fluency
n.ʣ
fluently
adv.ʣ

= =
fluid
flu.id
AHD:[fl?1d] 
D.J.[6flu8!d]
K.K.[6flu!d]
n.Abbr. fl,fl.ʣд fl,fl.
A continuous, amorphous substance whose molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container; a liquid or gas.
壺һַ֮ƶ״仯Ƶġ޶εʣҺ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a fluid.
ģġйĻԵ
Readily reshaped; pliable.
ױܵģ͵
Smooth and flowing; graceful:
ģģ˳еģŵģ
the fluid motion of a cat.
è
Changing or tending to change; variable:
仯ģ仯Ļб仯Ƶģɱģ
a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty.
ȶصĶ
Characterized by or allowing social mobility:
ģɶΪĻ䶯ģ
Everyone seems to . . . share in an intricate set of lore from the past and present whose deliciousness somehow would be ruined if Britain were a truly fluid society(Nicholas 
Lemann)
ÿ˿ȥӵһ״ӹȥڵľеĸӵ֪ʶӢᶯĲĻ֪ʶȤͽٵ⵽ƻ(˹)
Convertible into cash:
ɶһֽģ
fluid assets.
ʲ
?
From Middle English [flowing] 
Դ йӢ [] 
from Old French fluide 
Դ ŷ fluide 
from Latin fluidus 
Դ  fluidus 
from fluere [to flow] * see  bhleu- 
Դ fluere [] *μ bhleu- 
?
fluidity
AHD:[-1d1-t?]   fluid.ness ʣ
fluidly
adv.ʣ

= =
flush
flush 1
AHD:[fl?sh] 
D.J.[flJ.]
K.K.[flJ.]
v.ʣ
flushed,flush.ing,flush.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong emotion; blush.
죺աȻǿҵĸ죻
To glow, especially with a reddish color:
ʺɫָ΢ķ
The sky flushed pink at dawn.
ƻʱһƬۺ
To flow suddenly and abundantly, as from containment; flood.
ͻȻҳΧǽӿˮ
To be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a toilet.
ˢԿٵˮ徻ˮͰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to redden or glow.
ʹ
To excite or elate:
ʹ˷ܻ⣺
The negotiators were flushed with the success of their final meeting.
̸˫һ̸лóɹ˷ܲ
To clean, rinse, or empty with a rapid flow of a liquid, especially water:
ˮˢϴָˮȿҺࡢϴ
flush a toilet; flush a wound with iodine.
ͰԵƳ˿
To remove or eliminate by or as if by flushing:
ûóˢķ߻
The weakness in demand and productivity will at least . . . flush out some of the inflation premium that has been built into interest rates(Fortune)
ƣٿԡˢһ̶ֹԻͨ͵ķá(Ƹ)
n.ʣ
A flooding flow or rush, as of water.
ӿˮıӿײˮıӿ
The act of cleaning or rinsing by or as if by flushing.
ϴûüΪ
A blush or glow:

here and there a flush of red on the lip of a little cloud(Willa Cather)
зһСƶ䡱(ɪ)
A reddening of the skin, as with fever, emotion, or exertion.
죺ŷȡлƤ
A brief sensation of heat over all or part of the body.
ȣȫֲĶȸ
A rush of strong feeling:
ǿеĳ嶯
He felt a flush of pride as he watched his children.
ԼĺһǿҵԺӿͷ
A state of freshness or vigor.See Synonyms at bloom 1
ʣʢʻ״̬μ bloom1
adj.ݴʣ
flush.er,flush.est 
Having a healthy reddish color; flushed.
ģӵнĺģ
Having an abundant supply of money; affluent.See Synonyms at rich 
ģгĲԴģĲμ rich
Marked by abundance; plentiful:
ḻģгԵģģ
flush times resulting from the oil boom.
Դʯ͸߲ĹӦʱ
Swelling; overflowing:
ӯģûģ
rivers flush with the spring rains.
ǵĺˮ
Having surfaces in the same plane; even.
ˮƽģͬߵģͬһƽϵģƽ̹
Arranged with adjacent sides, surfaces, or edges close together:
ģڵĲ桢ƽеģ
a sofa flush against the wall.See Synonyms at level 
ǽɳμ level
Printing Aligned evenly with a margin, as along the left or right edge of a typeset page; not indented.
ӡˢ ҳģҳұƽвߣû
Direct, straightforward, or solid:
ֱӵġĻʵģ
knocked out by a flush blow to the jaw.
°Ͻʵʵذһȭ
Designed to be emptied or cleaned by flushing:
ϴʽģΪԳˮ徻Ƶģ
a flush toilet.
ϴʽͰ
adv.ʣ
So as to be even, in one plane, or aligned with a margin.
ƽأʹȡһƽϻŰ
Squarely or solidly:
ֱӵػʵأ
The ball hit him flush on the face.
ʵʵش
?
Probably from flush 3[to dart out] 
Դ flush3[] 
?
flusher
n.ʣ
flushness
n.ʣ
?
flush
flush 2
AHD:[fl?sh] 
D.J.[flJ.]
K.K.[flJ.]
n.Games ʣϷ 
A hand in which all the cards are of the same suit but not in numerical sequence, ranked above a straight and below a full house in poker.
ͬͬһɫ˳еһƣ˿и˳ҵ
?
French flux, flus 
 flux, flus 
from Old French flux 
Դ ŷ flux 
from Latin fl?s [flux] * see  flux 
Դ  fl?s [] *μ flux
?
flush
flush 3
AHD:[fl?sh] 
D.J.[flJ.]
K.K.[flJ.]
v.ʣ
flushed,flush.ing,flush.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To frighten (a game bird, for example) from cover.
ʹʹŻʹδ
To drive or force into the open:
δϳϻȵ⣺
The police fired tear gas to flush out the terrorists.
Ŵᵯϳ˿ֲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dart out or fly from cover.
ɳ𣺴䴦ɳ
n.ʣ
A bird or flock of birds that has been frightened from cover.
񣺴䴦ųһֻһȺ
?
Middle English flusshen 
йӢ flusshen 

= =
flutter
flut.ter
AHD:[fl?tr] 
D.J.[6flJt*]
K.K.[6flJt+]
v.ʣ
flut.tered,flut.ter.ing,flut.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner:
ӶزĶ
curtains that fluttered in the breeze.
΢ƮĴ
To fly by a quick, light flapping of the wings.
Ȼطɣĳط
To flap the wings without flying.
ĳ᣺ɶĳ
To move or fall in a manner suggestive of tremulous flight:
Ķ裺ָķʽƶ׹䣺
Her arms rose, fell, and fluttered with the rhythm of the song(Evelyn Waugh)
ֱ²ŸĽ𶯡(ա)
To vibrate or beat rapidly or erratically:
ٻȶĴ
My heart fluttered wildly.
ҵҵ
To move quickly in a nervous, restless, or excited fashion; flit.
겻ضš򼤶ؿƶӹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to flutter:
ʹӶ
fluttering her bristly black lashes as swiftly as butterflies' wings(Margaret Mitchell)
һŨܵĽë(ءж)
n.ʣ
The act of fluttering.
ӶȻɣĳΪ
A condition of nervous excitement or agitation:
żɧ״̬
Everyone was in a flutter over the news that the director was resigning.
ְֳϢʹÿ˶Ϊ
A commotion; a stir.
ɧңһңһɧ
Pathology Abnormally rapid pulsation, especially of the atria or ventricles of the heart.
ѧ ļָķҲĿٲ
Rapid fluctuation in the pitch of a sound reproduction resulting from variations in the speed of the recording or reproducing equipment.
زʱٵı仯ʹŴزʧ
Chiefly British A small bet; a gamble:
Ӣ СעĲһСעһζĲ
If they like a flutter, Rick will get them better odds than the bookies(John le Carr)
ϲðգ˽ṩǱȶҵ߸ʤ㡱(Լա)
?
Middle English floteren 
йӢ floteren 
from Old English floterian * see  pleu- 
Դ Ӣ floterian *μ pleu- 
?
flutterer
n.ʣ
fluttery
adj.ݴʣ
?
flutter,flicker,flit,flitter,hover
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to move quickly, lightly, and irregularly like a bird in flight: 
ôʵ˼ǡһ١ɻ򲻹ƶ 
children fluttering around a birthday cake;
ΧյȸԾĺǣ
flames that flickered in the night;
ҹ˸Ļ⣻
guests flitting from table to table;
ھϯ֮䴩ȥĿˣ
sunlight flittering over the ocean;
ں˸ĵ⣻
admirers hovering around a celebrity. 
Χ˵һȺ 

= =
foam
foam
AHD:[f?m] 
D.J.[f*&m]
K.K.[fom]
n.ʣ
A mass of bubbles of air or gas in a matrix of liquid film, especially an accumulation of fine, frothy bubbles formed in or on the surface of a liquid, as from agitation or fermentation.
ĭһҺڲڽ򷢽γɵҳ΢ϸĭ״
A thick chemical froth, such as shaving cream or a substance used to fight fires.
ѧĭһеŨĻѧĭ
Frothy saliva produced especially as a result of physical exertion or a pathological condition.
ĭ״ĭ״Һ
The frothy sweat of a horse or other equine animal.
飺ĭ״ˮ
The sea.

Any of various light, porous, semirigid or spongy materials used for thermal insulation or shock absorption, as in packaging.
ࣺʱڸȻʷ״ӲԻ״
v.ʣ
foamed,foam.ing,foams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce or issue as foam; froth.
ĭ򷢳ĭ
To produce foam from the mouth, as from exertion or a pathological condition.
¿ĭ״Ŀĭ
To be extremely angry; rage:
ŭ
was foaming over the disastrous budget cuts.
ԸһԤΪջ
To teem; seethe:
ڣ
a playground foaming with third graders.
ٳϾ꼶ѧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to produce foam.
ʹĭ
To cause to become foam.
ʹĭ
?
Middle English fom 
йӢ fom 
from Old English f3m 
Դ Ӣ f3m 

= =
focus
fo.cus
AHD:[f?ks] 
D.J.[6f*&k*s]
K.K.[6fok*s]
n.ʣ
 fo.cus.es  fo.ci [-so, -ko]  
A point at which rays of light or other radiation converge or from which they appear to diverge, as after refraction or reflection in an optical system:
㣺߻ཻһ㣬һѧϵͳоʷɢ״Ĺߵĳ㣺
the focus of a lens.Also called  focal point 
͸ĽҲ  focal point
See  focal length 
μ  focal length
The distinctness or clarity of an image rendered by an optical system.
ӰȣʹùѧϵͳγɵķĻͼ
The state of maximum distinctness or clarity of such an image:
ȣͼõֻ״̬
in focus; out of focus.

An apparatus used to adjust the focal length of an optical system in order to make an image distinct or clear:
ԽΪʹͼԻڵڹѧϵͳ
a camera with automatic focus.
ԶԽ
A center of interest or activity.See Synonyms at center 
ģȤĲμ center
Close or narrow attention; concentration:
лܵע⣻У
He was forever taken aback by[New York's]  pervasive atmosphere of purposefulnessthe tight focus of its drivers, the brisk intensity of its pedestrians (Anne Tyler)
þõؾڣŦԼ ĿԺǿա˾ǵĸ߶ȼԼ˵Ĳտ١ (ݡ̩)
A condition in which something can be clearly apprehended or perceived:
׵״ĳɱо״
couldn't get the problem into focus.
ܺ
Pathology The region of a localized bodily infection or disease.
ѧ ֢лȾҪλ
Geology The point of origin of an earthquake.
ѧ УķԴ
Mathematics A fixed point whose relationship with a directrix determines a conic section.
ѧ 㣺һ׼ߵĹϵԲ׶״Ķ
v.ʣ
fo.cused  fo.cussed fo.cus.ing  fo.cus.sing fo.cus.es  fo.cus.ses  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (light rays, for example) to converge on or toward a central point; concentrate.
ʹУʹۺϣʹߣһĵĵ㼯У
To render (an object or image) in clear outline or sharp detail by adjustment of one's vision or an optical device; bring into focus.
ʹڽ㣺ͨѧʹһͼԵϸڷ
To adjust (a lens, for example) to produce a clear image.
͸õͼ
To direct toward a particular point or purpose:
УһضĿģ
focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.
ȫעѰҽİ취
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To converge on or toward a central point of focus; be focused.
ڽ㣺ĽĽ㼯У
To adjust one's vision or an optical device so as to render a clear, distinct image.
ѧʹͼ
To concentrate attention or energy:
Уע
a campaign that focused on economic issues.
һμн˶
?
Latin [hearth] 
 [¯] 
?
focuser
n.ʣ

= =
fog
fog 1
AHD:[f?g, f?g] 
D.J.[f%8g, fKg]
K.K.[f%g, f$g]
n.ʣ
Condensed water vapor in cloudlike masses lying close to the ground and limiting visibility.
غܼܽȵ״ʽֵŨˮ
An obscuring haze, as of atmospheric dust or smoke.
еĳģ
A mist or film clouding a surface, as of a window, lens, or mirror.
ʣģڴ͸ϵסĤ
A cloud of vaporized liquid, especially a chemical spray used in fighting fires.
ѧһҺ壬ָھȻĻѧ
A state of mental vagueness or bewilderment.
Իͷģҵ״̬
Something that obscures or conceals; a haze:
ʹģεĶ
shrouded their actions in a fog of disinformation.
ڴϢڻ
A blur on a developed photographic image.
ģ壺ϴõƬͼϵģ
v.ʣ
fogged,fog.ging,fogs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or envelop with or as if with fog.
ΧԻ·ǻ
To cause to be obscured; cloud.
ʹģڵ
To make vague, hazy, or confused:
ʹԻʹģң
a memory that had been fogged by time.
ʱģһμ
To obscure or dim (a photographic image).
ʹģŪһƬͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be covered with or as if with fog.
Ϊ֣ڸ
To be blurred, clouded, or obscured:
ʣģһ
My glasses fogged in the warm air.
ҵ۾ůģ
To be dimmed or obscured. Used of a photographic image.
Ƭģ㰵ģˡƬϵͼ
?
[Perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
fogger
n.ʣ
?
fog
fog 2
AHD:[f?g, f?g] 
D.J.[f%8g, fKg]
K.K.[f%g, f$g]
n.ʣ
A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.
ĲݣĲݵ³²
Tall, decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.
ݲݣݣոڹʣµĸ߸ߵ˥
?
Middle English fogge [tall grass] * see  p- 
йӢ fogge [ߴĲ] *μ p- 

= =
foil
foil 1
AHD:[foil] 
D.J.[f%!l]
K.K.[f%!l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
foiled,foil.ing,foils 
To prevent from being successful; thwart.See Synonyms at frustrate 
ʹʧܣɹӲμ frustrate
To obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade pursuers.
ҺۼʹۼζģѱԶ׷
n.Archaic ʣ 
A repulse; a setback.

The trail or scent of an animal.
µĺۼζ
?
Middle English foilen [to trample, defile] 
йӢ foilen [̤Ū] 
variant of filen [to defile] * see  file 3
 filenı [] *μ file3
?
foil
foil 2
AHD:[foil] 
D.J.[f%!l]
K.K.[f%!l]
n.ʣ
A thin, flexible leaf or sheet of metal:
һҳһűĽ
aluminum foil.

A thin layer of polished metal placed under a displayed gem to lend it brilliance.
Ĳչıʯ·õԳĳıʹ
One that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another:
ڶԱӻɫ
I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me(Charlotte Bront?)
Ҿɷ򵱳ɵֶҵġ(ء)
The reflective metal coating on the back of a glass mirror.
ӱķ
Architecture A curvilinear, often lobelike figure or space formed between the cusps of intersecting arcs, found especially in Gothic tracery and Moorish ornament.
ѧ ҶΣڼⶥĽ湰֮һߵġΪƬ״Ŀռ䣬ڸʽĴ֯͹װΪ
An airfoil.

Nautical A hydrofoil.
 ˮͧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
foiled,foil.ing,foils 
To cover or back with foil.
Բǻ
To set off by contrast.
ͨԱȳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French foille 
Դ ŷ foille 
from Latin folia [pl. of] folium [leaf] * see  bhel- 3
Դ  folia  [] foliumĸ [Ҷ] *μ bhel- 3
?
foil
foil 3
AHD:[foil] 
D.J.[f%!l]
K.K.[f%!l]
n.ʣ
A fencing sword having a usually circular guard and a thin, flexible four-sided blade with a button on the tip to prevent injury.
ͷ޷潣һ״װúڶ˴ԲͷԷֹ˵ı߽ķ
Often foils The art or sport of fencing with such a sword:
  foils Բͷļɻ˶
a contest at foils.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
fold
fold 1
AHD:[f?ld] 
D.J.[f*&ld]
K.K.[fold]
v.ʣ
fold.ed,fold.ing,folds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bend over or double up so that one part lies on another part:
۵۵صʹһһֵϣ
fold a sheet of paper.
һֽ
To make compact by doubling or bending over parts:
ص۵ʹܣ
folded the laundry; folded the chairs for stacking.
ϴõ·ӷһ
To bring from an extended to a closed position:
ŵƺ£ս
The hawk folded its wings.
ӥ£˳
To bring from a compact to an extended position; unfold:
չӽƵŵƣ򿪣
a suitcase that folds out to become a display table; folded the ironing board down from the wall.
ܴ򿪳һչĹİǽϲٰ
To place together and intertwine:
ۣһ𲢻ƣ
fold one's arms.
˫۽ǰ
To envelop or clasp; enfold:
룬ӵ۽ӵ
folded his children to his breast; folded the check into the letter.
ĺ§֧ƱŽŷ
To blend in (a cooking ingredient) by gently turning a mixture on top of it:
룺תϲĻҺ루һõĵϣ
folded the beaten egg whites into the batter.
ѵĵӵţн
Informal To discontinue operating; close:
ʽ رգֹرգ
They had to fold the company a year after they started it.
ǿһ󲻵òر˾
Games To withdraw (one's hand) in defeat, as by laying cards face down on a table.
Ϸ ջأʧʱջأ֣泯·
Geology To form bends in (a stratum of rock).
ѧ زڵزʯϣγ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become folded.
۵
To be capable of being folded:
۵ܹ۵
a bed that folds for easy storage.
ղص۵
Informal To close, especially for lack of financial success; fail.
ʽ ʧܣŴ󼪣ָھϵʧܣʧ
Games To withdraw from a game in defeat.
Ϸ ˳ʧ˳Ϸ
Informal 
ʽ 
To give in; buckle:
ֵס
a team that never folded under pressure.
һӲѹ
To weaken or collapse from exertion.
ƣ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of folding.
۵۵Ķ
A part that has been folded over or against another:
𲿷֣һ۵Ĳ֣
the loose folds of the drapery; clothes stacked in neat folds.
ϵޣŵ·
A line or mark made by folding; a crease:
㣬ۺۣ۳ޣۺۣ
tore the paper carefully along the fold.
ۺСĵزÿֽ
A coil or bend, as of rope.
һһһȦȦȦ
Chiefly British A hill or dale in undulating country.
Ӣ ɽȣλڲ״ɽɽ
Geology A bend in a stratum of rock.
ѧ زʯز
Anatomy A crease or ridge apparently formed by folding, as of a membrane; a plica.
ѧ ۺۣĤ״۵γɵۺۻ򼹣
?
Middle English folden 
йӢ folden 
from Old English fealdan, faldan * see  pel- 2
Դ Ӣ fealdan, faldan *μ pel- 2
?
foldable
adj.ݴʣ
?
fold
fold 2
AHD:[f?ld] 
D.J.[f*&ld]
K.K.[fold]
n.ʣ
A fenced enclosure for domestic animals, especially sheep.
ָȦΪȦһ
A flock of sheep.
һȺ
A group of people or institutions bound together by common beliefs and aims:
ͬͬãһȺ˻򼸸ͬĿۼһ
He is a living testament to the wisdom of admitting lay psychoanalysts into the official fold(Jerome Bruner)
ǰѷǱеʦʽǻ۵Ļ֤(ܶķ³)
A religious congregation:
̻᣺һڽ̵ļ᣺
The priest welcomed new parishioners into the fold.
ʿӭµĽڽ̼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fold.ed,fold.ing,folds 
To place or keep (sheep, for example) in a fenced enclosure.
ѡؽУѣ򣩷һȦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fald 
Դ Ӣ fald 

= =
folk
folk
AHD:[f?k] 
D.J.[f*&k]
K.K.[fok]
n.ʣ
 folk  folks  
The common people of a society or region considered as the representatives of a traditional way of life and especially as the originators or carriers of the customs, beliefs, and arts that 
make up a distinctive culture:
䣺һǴͳʽͨǣΪɫĻķסķԴߺʹߣ
a leader who came from the folk.

Archaic A nation; a people.
 ң
folks Informal People in general:
 folks ʽ ǣΪˣ
Folks around here will always lend a hand if you need it.
ҪΧͨһ
Often folks People of a specified group or kind:
  folks ضȺضȺˣ
city folks; rich folk.
ˣ
folks Informal 
 folks ʽ 
The members of one's family or childhood household; one's relatives.
ĳͥͯͥĳԱĳ˵
One's parents:
ĸ
My folks are always forgetting my allowance.
ҵĸĸҵǮ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, occurring in, or originating among the common people:
ģСڻԴģ
folk culture; a folk hero.
ĻӢ
?
just folksʽ
Down-to-earth, open-hearted.
ʵģ̹ʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English folc * see  pel- 1
Դ Ӣ folc *μ pel- 1

= =
follow
fol.low
AHD:[f?l?] 
D.J.[6fKl*&]
K.K.[6f$lo]
v.ʣ
fol.lowed,fol.low.ing,fol.lows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come or go after; proceed behind:
棺ţУ
Follow the usher to your seat.
дԱλȥ
To go after in or as if in pursuit:
׷ϣ׷ϣ׷٣
The wrong she had done followed her and haunted her dream(Katherine Anne Porter)
Ĵ׷û(ɪաݡ)
To keep under surveillance:
ӣڼ£
followed the suspect for a week before making the arrest.
дǰɷһ
To move along the course of; take:
šǰšǰȡ
We followed a path to the shore.
·򺣱
To go in the direction of; be guided by:
˳ɡָ
followed the sun westward across the plains; followed the signs to the monkey house.
˳̫ƽԭ˳űȥӵĳѨ
To accept the guidance, command, or leadership of:
ӣָָ
follow a spiritual master; rebels who refused to follow their commander.
澫ϵָܾķ
To adhere to; practice:
֣ʵ
followed the ancient customs of their people.
ϮŴǵķ
To take as a model or precedent; imitate:
ЧԡΪЧ
followed her new friends in everything they did; followed my example and resigned.
ģ½ÿһ£ЧҵӴְ
To act in agreement or compliance with; obey:
ӣΪ롭һ£ӡ
follow the rules; follow one's instincts.
ع˳ֱ
To keep to or stick to:
ݻ֣
followed the recipe; follow a diet.
ʳףֽʳ
To engage in (a trade or occupation); work at.
££ĳҵְҵ
To come after in order, time, or position:
ţ˳ʱλ÷
Night follows day.
ҹ̰
To bring something about at a later time than or as a consequence of:
򡭶¡
She followed her lecture with a question-and-answer period. The band followed its hit record with a national tour.
һʴķʽݽֶ֧ͨȫѲݳԼļ¼
To occur or be evident as a consequence of:
ǡȻĽֻȻ
Your conclusion does not follow your premise.
Ľ۲ǰıȻ
To watch or observe closely:
۲죬עӣ
followed the bird through binoculars.
ͨԶй۲
To be attentive to; pay close heed to:
ע⣻ע⣺
too sleepy to follow the sermon.
̫˯޷ע˵
To keep oneself informed of the course, progress, or fortunes of:
˽⣺ʹĳ׹̡չͻ᣺
follow the stock market; followed the local teams.
˽֤ȯг˽ⱾضӵĶ
To grasp the meaning or logic of; understand:
⣺ץס߼ԣף
Do you follow my argument?
ҵı?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come, move, or take place after another person or thing in order or time.
ţƶĳ˻ĳ֮˳ʱ䷢
To occur or be evident as a consequence; result:
ƶϣȻǣ
If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow.
ԼʳȻ鷳
To grasp the meaning or reasoning of something; understand.
⣺ĳµ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of following.
棺Ķ
Games A billiards shot in which the cue ball is struck above center so that it follows the path of the object ball after impact.
Ϸ 򣺴̨ʱʹĸڻĿһ
?
follow along
To move or proceed in unison or in accord with an example:
ӣգЭػԭƶ
followed along with the song.
Ÿ
follow through
Sports To carry a stroke to natural completion after hitting or releasing a ball or other object.
˶ 򣺴󣬽Ȼɵһ
To carry an act, a project, or an intention to completion; pursue fully:
ֵף᳹һжĿĳͼȫ׷
followed through on her promise to reorganize the department.
ŵԹ᳹ף齨
follow up
To carry to completion; follow through on:
ѡ᳹ɣףɣִУ
followed up their recommendations with concrete proposals.
þĽѼƻִе
To increase the effectiveness or enhance the success of by further action:
ʹһʹɹͨһжЧ߳ɹԣ
followed up her interview with a telephone call.
õ绰һ
?
as follows
As will be stated next. Used to introduce a specified enumeration, explanation, or command.
Ž˵ضϸĿͺ
follow (one's) nose
To move straight ahead or in a direct path.
ֱУֱǰƻرֱ·
Informal To be guided by instinct:
ʽ ֱָ
had no formal training but became a success by following his nose.
ûоʽѵȴƾֱȡ˳ɹ
follow suit
Games To play a card of the same suit as the one led.
Ϸ ƣһ˴ͷһͬ
To do as another has done; follow an example.
ģ£Ѿ£ԡΪ
?
Middle English folowen 
йӢ folowen 
from Old English folgian 
Դ Ӣ folgian 
?
follow,succeed,ensue,result,supervene
These verbs mean to come after something or someone.
Щʱʾĳĳ֮
 Follow,   which has the widest application,can refer to coming after in time or order,as a consequence or result, or by the operation of logic: 
 Follow  㷺;ָʱ˳߼Ӱ 
Night follows day.
ϡ
If you disregard the doctor's orders, a relapse will follow.
㲻ҽʹͻḴ
Though he disapproves of violence, it doesn't follow that he won't defend himself. Tosucceed  is to come next after another in time or order, especially in planned order determined by 
considerations such as rank, inheritance, or election: 
ʹñⲢζԼ Succeed һһʱ˳ ǰΡŴѡٵȿǼƻõ˳ 
The son of a mandarin has no prescriptive right to succeed his father (H.G. Wells). 
 ߼ԱĶûзȨ̳ĸף H.G.˹ 
The heir apparent succeeded to the throne.
̳˼̳λ
Ensue   applies to what follows something, usually as a consequence or by way of logical development: 
Ensue  ָŷĳָͨΪǣ߼չʽ 
If a forest fire cannot be extinguished, devastation is sure to ensue.
ɭֲֺֻܱһ֮
Result   implies that what follows is caused by what has preceded: 
Result  ָѾĽ 
Failure to file an income tax return can result in a fine.
ύ˰رᵼ·
Supervene,  in contrast, refers to the coming after of a thing that has little relation to what has precededand that is often unexpected: 
Supervene  ෴ָһµķǰ淢¼ûйϵͨǲģ 
A bad harvest supervened. Distress reached its climax (Charlotte Bront?).
ճɽʹﵽ˼㡱 ١أ
?
As follows  (not as follow ) is the established form of the idiom, no matter whether the noun that precedes it is singular or plural: 
As follows  as follow ǹĹʽ ǰǵǸʽ 
The regulations are as follows. 
 

= =
following
fol.low.ing
AHD:[f?l?-1ng] 
D.J.[6fKl*&!0]
K.K.[6f$lo!0]
adj.Abbr. fol.,ff.,f.ݴʣд fol.,ff.,f.
Coming next in time or order:
ģεģʱ˳ֵģ
in the following chapter.
һ½
Now to be enumerated:
еģڱоٵģ
The following people will report for duty.
еȥ
Blowing in the same direction as the course of a ship or an aircraft. Used of wind.
˳ģ˳ɻġڷ
n.ʣ
A group or gathering of admirers, adherents, or disciples:
ߣӵߣһȺ׷ߡ̴ӻͽ
a lecturer with a large following.
дߵݽ
prep.ʣ
Subsequent to; after:
ڡԺ
Following dinner, brandy was served in the study.
ͺ󣬰ؾƶ˽鷿

= =
fond
fond 1
AHD:[f?nd] 
D.J.[fKnd]
K.K.[f$nd]
adj.ݴʣ
fond.er,fond.est 
Having a strong liking, inclination, or affection:
ϲģǿҵϲͬ򰮵ģ
fond of ballet; fond of my nieces and nephews.
ϲ裻ϲҵŮ
Affectionate; tender:
ģȰģ
a fond embrace.
ӵ
Immoderately affectionate or indulgent; doting:
簮ģ۰ݵģ簮ģ
fond grandparents who tended to spoil the child.
簮游ĸ軵
Cherished; dear:
䰮ģװģ
my fondest hopes.
ӵϣ
Archaic Naively credulous or foolish.
 äŵģ޴ģŻƭ
?
Middle English fonned [foolish] [probably from past participle of] fonnen [to be foolish] 
йӢ fonned [ɵ]  [] ԴfonnenĹȥִ [޴] 
probably from fonne [fool] 
Դ fonne [ɵ] 
?
fondly
adv.ʣ
?
fond
fond 2
AHD:[f?nd] 
D.J.[fKnd]
K.K.[f$nd]
n.ʣ
The background of a design in lace.
߱ڻеı
?
French 
 
from Old French fonds, fond 
Դ ŷ fonds, fond 
from Latin fundus [bottom] 
Դ  fundus [ײ] 

= =
food
food
AHD:[f?d] 
D.J.[fu8d]
K.K.[fud]
n.ʣ
Material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains or consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and 
assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life.
ʳʳͨԴֲͶʣӪĻɷֻ乹ɣ̼ˮ֬ʡάغͿʵȣɲٽά
֯
A specified kind of nourishment:
ضʳʳһʽ
breakfast food; plant food.
ֲͣʳ
Nourishment eaten in solid form:
ʳƷʽʳƷ
food and drink.
ʳ
Something that nourishes or sustains in a way suggestive of physical nourishment:
ϣʳӪʽĶ
food for thought; food for the soul.
˼ʳʳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
food allergies; food additives.
ʳ֢ʳӼ
?
Middle English fode 
йӢ fode 
from Old English f?a * see  p3- 
Դ Ӣ f?a *μ p3- 

= =
fool
fool
AHD:[f?l] 
D.J.[fu8l]
K.K.[ful]
n.ʣ
One who is regarded as deficient in judgment, sense, or understanding.
ˣ׳գΪȱжϡо
One who acts unwisely on a given occasion:
ɵӣһضʱ²ǵˣ
I was a fool to have refused the job.
ɵܾ
One who has been tricked or made to appear ridiculous; a dupe:
ƭˣŪ˻ŪÿЦˣƭˣ
They made a fool of me by pretending I won the award.
ƭҼװ˽Ū
Informal A person with a talent or an enthusiasm for a certain activity:
ʽ ĳȰˣĳŻˣ
a dancing fool; a fool for skiing.
ԣ
A member of a royal or noble household who provided entertainment, as with jokes or antics; a jester.
Ū͢СһЩһͥԱṩ署ЦݻС
A dessert made of stewed or pured fruit mixed with cream or custard and served cold.
Ͱˮһ㣬ˮͱܻţ̵ͱϳ
Archaic A mentally deficient person; an idiot.
 ׳գȱݵˣɵ
v.ʣ
fooled,fool.ing,fools 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deceive or trick; dupe:
ƭŪƭ
trying to learn how to fool a trout with a little bit of floating fur and feather(Charles Kuralt)
ѧϰһƤëëϹ(˹)
To confound or prove wrong; surprise, especially pleasantly:
ʹʹϲ֤󣻾棬Ǹ˵أ
We were sure they would fail, but they fooled us.
ȷǽʧܣȴʹǾϲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Informal 
ʽ 
To speak or act facetiously or in jest; joke:
ݣЦػڶг˵Ц
I was just fooling when I said you couldn't have any of my candy.
˵㲻ҵǣڿЦ
To behave comically; clown.
ֹС
To feign; pretend:
װαװ
He said he had a toothache but it turned out he was only fooling.
˵ֻۣαװ
To engage in idle or frivolous activity.
ɴ£漰ûж
To toy, tinker, or mess:
Ū޲ң
shouldn't fool with matches.

adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Foolish; stupid:
ɵģ޴ģ
off on some fool errand or other.
ȥһЩ޴Ĳ
?
fool around ʽ
To engage in idle or casual activity; putter:
һЩĻ£ɢع
was fooling around with some figures in hopes of balancing the budget.
ɢ֣ϣƽ⿪֧
To engage in frivolous activity; make fun.
ḡ£Ц
To engage in casual, often promiscuous sexual acts.
Ľ⣬ҸΪ
fool away
To waste (time or money) foolishly; squander:
޴˷ѣʱǮӻ
fooled away the week's pay on Friday night.
ϻڵĹ
?
play the fool 
act the fool
To act in an irresponsible or foolish manner.
޴εı
To behave in a playful or comical manner.
ԻЦķʽж
?
Middle English fol 
йӢ fol 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin follis [windbag, fool] 
Դ  follis [̸ң] 
from Latin follis [bellows] * see  bhel- 2
Դ  follis [] *μ bhel- 2
?
The pejorative nature of the termfool  is only strengthened by a knowledge of its etymology. Its source, the Latin wordfollis,  meant a bag or sack, a large inflated ball, a pair of 
bellows. Users of the word in Late Latin, however, saw a resemblance between the bellows or the inflated ball and a person who was what we would call a windbag or an 
airhead.The word, which passed into English by way of French,is first recorded in English in a work written around the beginning of the 13th centurywith the sense a foolish, stupid, 
or ignorant person.
fool ֻԴ֪ʶ̡ ĴԴfillis ˼ǡһӣһĳһԷ䡱 Ȼںд˴ʹ߷һ
һǳΪ̸ߡԴߡ֮֮ͨﴫӢӢ¼һдڴԼΪ13ͳУ˼ǡģɵĻ


= =
foolish
fool.ish
AHD:[f?l1sh] 
D.J.[6fu8l!.]
K.K.[6ful!.]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking or exhibiting a lack of good sense or judgment; silly:
޴ģȱʾøожϵȱݵģɵģ
foolish remarks.
޴
Resulting from stupidity or misinformation; unwise:
ǵģɺͿϢģǵģ
a foolish decision.
ǵľ
Arousing laughter; absurd or ridiculous:
ģЦģƵĻ򻬻ģ
a foolish grin.

Immoderate or stubborn; unreasonable:
޽ƵĻִģԵģ
foolish pride; foolish love.
Ժǵİ
Embarrassed; abashed:
εģģ
I feel foolish telling you this.
㽲ЩҸе
Insignificant; trivial:
Ҫģ΢ģ
spent all their money on foolish little knickknacks.
ǮȫûõС
?
foolishly
adv.ʣ
foolishness
n.ʣ
?
foolish,silly,fatuous,absurd,preposterous,ridiculous,ludicrous
These adjectives are applied to what is so devoid of wisdom or good sense as to be laughable.
Щݴʱʾ˿Цȱǻۻȱʶ
 Foolish,  the least emphatic and derogatory,usually implies poor judgment or lack of wisdom or soundness: 
 Foolish  ǿҳ̶ȼͳ̶ᣬָϵ͵ۻȱǻۼȷж 
a foolish young fellow;
ޱˣ
a foolish expenditure of time and energy.
ʱ估ʹá
Silly   suggests lack of point or purpose: 
Silly  ָĿģ 
a silly argument;
ۣ
silly mistakes;
޴Ĵ
suggestions that aren't brilliant but aren't silly either.
䲻Ҳ޵ķʧ
Fatuous   applies especially to what is foolish in a vacuous, smug, and unconscious way: 
Fatuous  ָƶġĺʶϵ޴Ķ 
seems to take pride in making fatuous remarks.
ǳ˵Щ޴Ļ
Absurd, preposterous, ridiculous,  andludicrous  apply to what is risible because of a departure from reason, logic, or common sense:  
Absurdpreposterousridiculous  ludicrous ûе߼ûгʶ˸еЦĵط  
It would be absurd for us both to drive, since we're headed for the same destination.
ȻҪȥͬһطô˶ǻġ
Preposterous  describes what is contrary to reason or sense: 
Preposterous  ָĻǵ෴Ķ 
It would be preposterous to take so grave a step on the advice of an enemy (J.A. Froude).
ӵ˵ȡһҪ̫޴ˡ J.A.³£
 Ridiculous  refers to what inspires ridicule: 
 Ridiculous  ָЦĶ 
Clara's conceited assumption of a universal interest in her dull children was ridiculous (Arnold Bennett).
ԸΪǶʮϲļĺǿЦ ŵ¡أ
 Ludicrous  applies to what causes scornful laughter: 
 Ludicrous  ָЦ£ 
It is ludicrous to call a simple split-level house a mansion. 
һӵĴʽķӽ̫Ц 

= =
football
foot.ball
AHD:[f?tb?l] 
D.J.[6f&t7b%8l]
K.K.[6f&t7b%l]
n.ʣ
Sports 
˶ 
A game played by two teams of 11 players each on a rectangular, 100-yard-long field with goal lines and goal posts at either end, the object being to gain possession of the ball and 
advance it in running or passing plays across the opponent's goal line or kick it through the air between the opponent's goal posts.
һ11λԱɵ֮е˶ÿ˴ߺ100볤ĳռһΣĿǾ򲢴ǰ򴫹Է
߻ŵĶ֮
The inflated oval ball used in this game.
򣺱õĳԲ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
Rugby.

Soccer.
Ӣʽ
The ball used in Rugby or soccer.
е
Informal A problem or issue that is discussed among groups or persons without being settled:
ʽ ȥ⣬ֵɽ֯лм۵δ⣺
The issue of tax reform became a political football.
˰ƸĸһΪ۵Ļ
?
footballer
n.ʣ

= =
footstep
foot.step
AHD:[f?tstp] 
D.J.[6f&t7step]
K.K.[6f&t7stWp]
n.ʣ
A step with the foot.
Ų
The sound of a foot stepping.Also called  footfall 
ŲҲ  footfall
The distance covered by a step:
һǵľ룺
a footstep away.
һ֮ң
See  footprint 
μ  footprint 
A step on which to go up or down.
ϻµĲ
?
follow in (someone's) footsteps
To carry on the behavior, work, or tradition of.
ĳ˵ĺ󳾣̳СΪҵͳ

= =
for
for
AHD:[f?r] [fr] ضʱ 
D.J.[f%8][f*]ضʱ 
K.K.[f%r][f*]ضʱ 
prep.ʣ
Used to indicate the object, aim, or purpose of an action or activity:
ΪˣָһĿġĿͼ
trained for the ministry; put the house up for sale; plans to run for senator.
ΪѵѷƻѡԱ
Used to indicate a destination:
ָĿĵأ
headed off for town.
ȥ
Used to indicate the object of a desire, an intention, or a perception:
ڣָԸͼоĿ꣺
had a nose for news; eager for fame and fortune.
Ϣͨ
Used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action:
ΪָһĽ߻ߣ
prepared lunch for us.
Ϊ׼
On behalf of:

spoke for all the members.
ȫԱ
In favor of:
ԡ֧֣
Were they for or against the proposal?
֧鰸Ƿ?
In place of:
桭
a substitute for eggs.
Ʒ
Used to indicate equivalence or equality:
ֵڱʾֵͬϵ
paid ten dollars for a ticket; repeated the conversation word for word.
ʮԪƱظ̸
Used to indicate correlation or correspondence:
ڱʾϵ
took two steps back for every step forward.
ÿǰһ
Used to indicate amount, extent, or duration:
ڱʾΧʱ䣺
a bill for five dollars; walked for miles; stood in line for several minutes.
ԪĳƱӢ˼ӵĶ
Used to indicate a specific time:
ڣڱʾһʱ䣺
had an appointment for two o'clock.
һԼ
As being:

take for granted; mistook me for the librarian.
ΪȻΪͼԱ
Used to indicate an actual or implied listing or choosing:
ԡڱʾʵʵĻоٻѡ
For one thing, we can't afford it.
һ
As a result of; because of:
ڣΪ
jumped for joy.
˶
Used to indicate appropriateness or suitability:
ڱʾʶȻʵ
It will be for the judge to decide.
Ҫɷ
Notwithstanding; despite:
Ȼܣ
For all the problems, it was a valuable experience.
ܻ⣬ԲʧΪһαľ
As regards; concerning:
ڣڣ
a stickler for neatness.
н
Considering the nature or usual character of:
ڣڡʻһ
was spry for his advanced age.
ĸ˵Ӧǳ
In honor of:
Ϊ
named for her grandmother.
Ϊĸ
conj.Ӵʣ
Because; since.
ΪȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ *μ per 1
?
FOR
FOR
abbr.
Free on rail.
Ͻ

= =
forbid
for.bid
AHD:[fr-b1d, f?r-] 
D.J.[f*6b!d, f%8r-]
K.K.[f+6b!d, f%r-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
for.bade[-b2d, -b3d]   for.bad [-b2d] for.bid.den[-b1dn]   for.bid for.bid.ding,for.bids 
To command (someone) not to do something:
ĳˣܸĳ 
I forbid you to go.
Ҳȥ
To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit:
Ͻֹĳ£ãĳֹ
forbid smoking on trains.
Ͻֹ
To have the effect of preventing; preclude:
ֹֹЧ
Discretion forbids a reply.
ֹ˻ش
?
Middle English forbidden, forbeden 
йӢ forbidden, forbeden 
from Old English forb?n * see  bheudh- 
Դ Ӣ forb?n *μ bheudh- 
?
forbiddance
n.ʣ
forbidder
n.ʣ
?
forbid,ban,enjoin,interdict,prohibit,proscribe
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to refuse to allow: 
Щʹ˼ǡܾʡ 
laws that forbid speeding;
ɹ涨ֹ٣
banned smoking;
ֹ̣
was enjoined from broadcasting the news item;
ֹ㲥ţ
interdict trafficking in drugs;
Ͻ
rules that prohibit swimming in the reservoir;
ֹˮӾĹ涨
proscribed the importation of raw fruits and vegetables. permit 
ֹˮ߲˵Ľ permit

= =
force
force
AHD:[f?rs, f?rs] 
D.J.[f%8s, f*&rs]
K.K.[f%rs, fors]
n.ʣ
The capacity to do work or cause physical change; energy, strength, or active power:
ĳ»ʱ仯
the force of an explosion.
ը
Power made operative against resistance; exertion:
Ե
use force in driving a nail.
Ҷ
The use of physical power or violence to compel or restrain:
ǿȻƣ
a confession obtained by force.
µĹ
Intellectual power or vigor, especially as conveyed in writing or speech.
ǻ۵ָ»˵
Moral strength.

A capacity for affecting the mind or behavior; efficacy:
˵ЧӰ˼ΪЧ
the force of logical argumentation.
߼֤
One that possesses such capacity:
˻
the forces of evil.

A body of persons or other resources organized or available for a certain purpose:
ӣ飬ԱĳһĿĶ˵Դ
a large labor force.
ӴͶ
A person or group capable of influential action:
صˣʩشӰһ˻һ飺
a retired senator who is still a force in national politics.
ݵڹоصԱ
Military strength.

The entire military strength, as of a nation.
һ
Units of a nation's military personnel, especially those deployed into combat:
ӣҾԱĵλָӦսߣ
Our forces have at last engaged the enemy.
ǵľսʤ˵
Law Legal validity.
ɡ Ч
Physics A vector quantity that tends to produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application.
ѧ һʸʹķٶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
forced,forc.ing,forc.es 
To compel through pressure or necessity:
ǿȣͨѹʹ
I forced myself to practice daily. He was forced to take a second job.
ǿԼÿϰҪҵڶݹ
To gain by the use of force or coercion:
ȣͨѹȵʹöã
force a confession.
ƹ
To move or effect against resistance or inertia:
ǿУӲԵƻԵ˶Ӱ죺
forced my foot into the shoe.
ӲЬ
To inflict or impose relentlessly:
ǿӣĥǿӣ
He forced his ideas upon the group.
ԼǿӸ
To put undue strain on:
ʩӹֵѹ
She forced her voice despite being hoarse.
ɤƣʹɤ
To increase or accelerate (a pace, for example) to the maximum.
߻ӿ죺ӻӿ죨粽޶
To produce with effort and against one's will:
ŬΥԸ
force a laugh in spite of pain.
ʹǿЦ
To use (language) with obvious lack of ease and naturalness.
ͲȻʹãԣ
To move, open, or clear by force:
ǿУƶ򿪻ɨ
forced our way through the crowd.
ǿдȺ
To break down or open by force:
򿪣
force a lock.
˿
To rape.
ǿ
Botany To cause to grow or mature by artificially accelerating normal processes.
ֲѧ ٳ죺ͨ˹ٵٽ
Baseball 
 
To put (a runner) out on a force play.
ɱһʹԱ
To allow (a run) to be scored by walking a batter when the bases are loaded.
ǿȡ֣ʱͨԱݶܻرݣ÷
Games To cause an opponent to play (a particular card).
Ϸ ʹֳضƣ
?
force (someone's) hand
To force to act or speak prematurely or unwillingly.
ʹִжʹĳδԸж
in force
In full strength; in large numbers:
ģģ
Demonstrators were out in force.
ʾϽ
In effect; operative:
ЧģԵģ
a rule that is no longer in force.
ЧĹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin fortia 
Դ  fortia 
from neuter pl. of Latin fortis [strong] * see  bhergh- 2
Դ  fortisԸ [ǿ׳] *μ bhergh- 2
?
forceable
adj.ݴʣ
forcer
n.ʣ
?
force,compel,coerce,constrain,oblige,obligate
These verbs mean to cause a person or thing to follow a prescribed or dictated course.
Щʱʾʹĳ˻ĳع涨ĻָĹ̽С
 Force,  the most general,usually implies the exertion of strength,especially physical power,or the operation of circumstances that permit no alternative to compliance: 
 Force  Ϊձ飬ָͨʹãϣָκӵĻĽУ 
Tear gas forced the fugitives out of their hiding place.
ᵯ彫ӷӲ֮Ǻ˳
Lack of funds will eventually force him to look for work.
ʽȱսʹҹ
Compel   is often interchangeable withforce,  but it applies especially to an act dictated by one in authority: 
Compel  force ʹã ȨʿΪУ 
Say nothing unless you're compelled to.
ǿ㣬ʲôҲ˵
His playing compels respect, if not enthusiasm.
ǿȵĻıݾǿԾء
Coerce   invariably implies the use of strength or harsh measures in securing compliance: 
Coerce  ָʹֱֶвȷӣ 
The way in which the man of genius rules is by persuading an efficient minority to coerce an indifferent and self-indulgent majority (James Fitzjames Stephen).
ŵĹʽ˵ЧʵǿЩĮġҷݵĶˡ ղķ˹ƴղķ˹˹ٷң
 Constrain  suggests that one is bound to a course of action by physical or moral means or by the operation of compelling circumstances: 
 Constrain  ָĳԼвȱĳ£ 
I am your anointed Queen. I will never be by violence constrained to do anything (Elizabeth I).
ŮҾвȶκ顱 ɯһ
 Oblige   is applicable when compliance is brought about by the operation of authority, necessity, or moral or ethical considerations: 
 Oblige  ڳȨҪ»ĿǶӣ 
Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do  (Mark Twain).
ʲôĹ Ҫ  ˡ£
 Obligate  applies when force is exerted by the terms of a legal contract or promise or by the dictates of one's conscience or sense of propriety: 
 Obligate  ڷɺԼŵĳĻ֪֧ʩѹģ 
I am obligated to repay the loan. See also Synonyms at  strength 
ұ뻹 μͬ strength

= =
forecast
fore.cast
AHD:[f?rk2st, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%87k#st, 6f*&r-]
K.K.[6f%r7k#st, 6for-]
v.ʣ
fore.cast  fore.cast.ed fore.cast.ing,fore.casts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To estimate or calculate in advance, especially to predict (weather conditions) by analysis of meteorological data.See Synonyms at predict 
Ԥ, ԤǰԤϻƣָͨݵķԤ⣨״μ predict
To serve as an advance indication of; foreshadow:
ԤʾΪǰԤףԤʾ
price increases that forecast inflation.
Ԥʾͨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To calculate or estimate something in advance; predict the future.
Ԥ⣺ǰԤĳ£Ԥδ
n.ʣ
A prediction, as of coming events or conditions.
ԤԣڽҪ¼״Ԥ
?
Middle English forecasten [to plan beforehand] 
йӢ forecasten [Ȱ] 
fore- [fore-] 
fore- [ڡ֮ǰ] 
casten [to throw, calculate, prepare] * see  cast 
casten [Ԥԣ㣬׼] *μ cast
?
forecastable
adj.ݴʣ
forecaster
n.ʣ

= =
forehead
fore.head
AHD:[f?r1d, -hd, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%8r!d, -7hed, 6fKr-]
K.K.[6f%r!d, -7hWd, 6f$r-]
n.ʣ
The part of the face between the eyebrows, the normal hairline, and the temples.
üë̫Ѩ֮ϵĲ
The front part of something.
ǰ
?
Middle English forhed 
йӢ forhed 
from Old English forh?d 
Դ Ӣ forh?d 
for- [fore-] 
for- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰȡ] 
h?d [head] * see  head 
h?d [ͷ] *μ head

= =
foreign
for.eign
AHD:[f?r1n, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%8r!n, 6fKr-]
K.K.[6f%r!n, 6f$r-]
adj.Abbr. for.ݴʣд for.
Located away from one's native country:
ڹģλڱ֮ģ
on business in a foreign city.
ڹһг
Of, characteristic of, or from a place or country other than the one being considered:
ģصģģԣһصĵطҵĻص 
a foreign custom.
ķ
Conducted or involved with other nations or governments; not domestic:
ģǣ浽һģǹڵģ
foreign trade.
ó
Situated in an abnormal or improper place in the body and typically introduced from outside:
ģʵģ岻򲻺λõģָ絼µģ
a foreign object in the eye.
۾е
Not natural; alien:
ģΥģģ
Jealousy is foreign to her nature.
ʼԸ
Not germane; irrelevant.
޹صģɵ
Subject to the jurisdiction of another political unit.
õģþȨһλ
?
Middle English forein 
йӢ forein 
from Old French forain 
Դ ŷ forain 
from Late Latin for3s [on the outside] 
Դ  for3s [] 
from Latin for3s [outside] * see  dhwer- 
Դ  for3s [] *μ dhwer- 
?
foreignness
n.ʣ
?
foreign,alien,exotic,strange
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is of, from, or characteristic of another place or part of the world: 
Щݴʹеĺ˼ǡػģػģػصģ 
a foreign accent;

alien customs;
ף
exotic birds;
ֵ
moved to a strange city. See also Synonyms at  extrinsic 
ᵽһİĳ μͬ extrinsic

= =
foreigner
for.eign.er
AHD:[f?r-nr, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%8r*n*, 6fKr-]
K.K.[6f%r*n+, 6f$r-]
n.ʣ
One who is from a foreign country or place.
ˣߣһ
One who is from outside a particular group or community; an outsider.
ˣˣĳһ֮֯ˣ

= =
foremost
fore.most
AHD:[f?rm?st, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%87m*&st, 6f*&r-]
K.K.[6f%r7most, 6for-]
adj.ݴʣ
First in time or place.
ģǰģʱռǰ
Ahead of all others, especially in position or rank; paramount.See Synonyms at chief 
һģҪģְλϳ˵ģȨĲμ chief
adv.ʣ
In the front or first position.
ǰ
So as to be most important.
Ҫ
?
Alteration of Middle English formest [superlative of] forme [first] 
 йӢ formestı仯  [] forme߼ [һ] 
from Old English forma * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ forma *μ per 1

= =
foresee
fore.see
AHD:[f?r-s?, f?r-] 
D.J.[f%86si8, f*&r-]
K.K.[f%r6si, for-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fore.saw[-s?] fore.seen[-s?n] fore.see.ing,fore.sees 
To see or know beforehand:
Ԥ֪ȼ׻֪
foresaw the rapid increase in unemployment.
Ԥ֪ʧҵ
?
foreseeable
adj.ݴʣ
foreseer
n.ʣ

= =
forest
for.est
AHD:[f?r1st, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%8r!st, 6fKr-]
K.K.[6f%r!st, 6f$r-]
n.Abbr. for.ʣд for.
A dense growth of trees, plants, and underbrush covering a large area.
ɭ֣һƬԡľԺ²ִ
Something that resembles a large, dense growth of trees, as in density, quantity, or profusion:
ܶȡɭְ
a forest of skyscrapers.
Ħ¥
A defined area of land formerly set aside in England as a royal hunting ground.
ӢԳǰӢһ鱻ֵأרڻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
forest management; forest fires.
ɭֹֻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
for.est.ed,for.est.ing,for.ests 
To plant trees on.
ڡֲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin forestis (silva) [outside (forest)] 
Դ  forestis (silva) [ڣɭ֣֮] 
from Latin foros [outside] * see  dhwer- 
Դ  foros [ڡ] *μ dhwer- 
?
forestal  
forestial
AHD:[f-rschl] ݴʣ
forestation
n.ʣ
?
Forest
Fo.rest
AHD:[f?-r̡] 
D.J.[f%86re]
K.K.[f%6rW]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Vorst 
μ  Vorst

= =
forever
for.ev.er
AHD:[f?r-vr, fr-] 
D.J.[f%8r6ev*, f*-]
K.K.[f%r6Wv+, f*-]
adv.ʣ
For everlasting time; eternally:
أԶأ
No one can live forever.

At all times; incessantly:
أϵأ
was forever complaining about the job.
ڱԹ
n.ʣ
A seemingly very long time:
ʱ䣺Ϻܳʱ䣺
It has taken forever to resolve these problems.
˺ܶʱЩ

= =
forget
for.get
AHD:[fr-gt, f?r-] 
D.J.[f*6get, f%8r-]
K.K.[f+6gWt, f%r-]
v.ʣ
for.got[-g?t] for.got.ten[-g?tn]   for.got for.get.ting,for.gets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be unable to remember (something).
ǣȴ޷ĳ
To treat with thoughtless inattention; neglect:
ԣĵزעĶԴ
forget one's family.
ĳ˵ļ
To leave behind unintentionally.
䣺ԾЯ
To fail to mention.
©ûᵽ
To banish from one's thoughts:
Ժʧ
forget a disgrace.

Informal To disregard on purpose. Usually used in the imperative:
ʽ ˣˣⲻͨʹ䣺
Oh, forget it. I refuse to go!
ޣˣҲȥ!
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease remembering:
ǣ
Let's forgive and forget.
ǲɶ
To fail or neglect to become aware at the proper or specified moment:
ǣӣ˻ĳһʱ̷£
forgot about my dental appointment.
ҽԼ
?
forget oneself
To lose one's reserve, temper, or self-restraint.
ʧȥнʧȥƣƢ
?
Middle English forgeten 
йӢ forgeten 
from Old English forgietan * see  ghend- 
Դ Ӣ forgietan *μ ghend- 
?
forgetter
n.ʣ

= =
forgive
for.give
AHD:[fr-g1v, f?r-] 
D.J.[f*6g!v, f%8r-]
K.K.[f+6g!v, f%r-]
v.ʣ
for.gave[-g3v] for.giv.en[-g1vn] for.giv.ing,for.gives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To excuse for a fault or an offense; pardon.
ԭ£ʧʧԭ
To renounce anger or resentment against.
ˡˡԡԹ
To absolve from payment of (a debt, for example).
⣺⣬ծ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To accord forgiveness.
ԭ£ˡ
?
Middle English forgiven 
йӢ forgiven 
from Old English forgiefan * see  ghabh- 
Դ Ӣ forgiefan *μ ghabh- 
?
forgivable
adj.ݴʣ
forgivably
adv.ʣ
forgiver
n.ʣ
?
forgive,pardon,excuse,condone
These verbs mean to refrain from imposing punishment on an offender or demanding satisfaction for an offense.The first three can be used as conventional ways of offering apology, as 
for minor infractions of social proprieties: 
Щбѳͷǿð߻Ҫֲ˼ǰʿΥϰ߶ϰԵǸ 
Please forgive me for being late.
ԭˡ
I hope you'll pardon the length of this letter.
ϣ㲻ŵĳ̡
Excuse me, but I disagree with you. More strictly, toforgive  is to grant pardon without harboring resentment:  
Բ𣬵Ҳͬ  ϸؽforgive ԭ˿Թޣ  
Children begin by loving their parents; as they grow older they judge them; sometimes they forgive them (Oscar Wilde).
 ǿʼʱǵĸĸЩǣʱ½ǡ ˹£
 Pardon  more strongly implies release from the liability for or penalty entailed by an offense: 
 Pardon  Ӧλͷ˼ 
After the revolution all political prisoners were pardoned.
еη⡣
God may pardon you, but I never can (Elizabeth I).Toexcuse  is to pass over a mistake or fault without demanding punishment or redress:  
ϵۿˡ㣬Ҳܡ ɯһExcuse ָʧͷֲ  
There are some acts of injustice which no national interest can excuse (J.A. Froude).Tocondone is to overlook an offense, usually a serious one; the word often suggests tacit 
forgiveness: 
 ЩΪġ J. A.³£Condone ָһͨһصĹ ʾָǰеԭ£ 
Failure to protest police brutality may indicate a willingness to condone it. 
챩еʧܰʾſˡΪ 

= =
fork
fork
AHD:[f?rk] 
D.J.[f%8k]
K.K.[f%rk]
n.ʣ
A utensil with two or more prongs, used for eating or serving food.
ӣϳݵĲ;ߣڳԻʳ
An implement with two or more prongs used for raising, carrying, piercing, or digging.
ӣ棺ϳݵĹߣھ𡢰ˡ̻ھ
A bifurcation or separation into two or more branches or parts.
ֲֳ֧ϲ
The point at which such a bifurcation or separation occurs:
ֲ㣬ڣʼֲλã
a fork in a road.
·
One of the branches of such a bifurcation or separation:
·ֲһ֧
the right fork.See Synonyms at branch 
ұߵĲμ branch
Games An attack by one chess piece on two pieces at the same time.
Ϸ лһͬʱ
v.ʣ
forked,fork.ing,forks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise, carry, pitch, or pierce with a fork.
ò١ᡢ̻
To give the shape of a fork to (one's fingers, for example).
ɲΣãһָȣɲ״ʹɲ״
Games To launch an attack on (two chess pieces).
Ϸ ͬʱӣ
Informal To pay:
ʽ ֧
forked over $50 for front-row seats; forked up the money owed.
50ԪǰλƱծ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To divide into two or more branches:
ֲֳ֧Ĳ֣
The river forks here.

To use a fork, as in working.
ò湤
To turn at or travel along a fork.
ֲ棺תһһ
?
Middle English forke [digging fork] 
йӢ forke [İ] 
from Old English forca 
Դ Ӣ forca 
and from Old North French forque 
Դ ŷ forque 
both from Latin furca 
Դ  furca 
?
forker
n.ʣ
forkful
n.ʣ

= =
form
form
AHD:[f?rm] 
D.J.[f%8m]
K.K.[f%rm]
n.ʣ
The shape and structure of an object.
״Ӻ͹
The body or outward appearance of a person or an animal considered separately from the face or head; figure.
壬ģ˳ͷò
The essence of something.
ʣĳı
The mode in which a thing exists, acts, or manifests itself; kind:
ʽࣺĳڡֵķʽࣺ
a form of animal life; a form of blackmail.
ʽŵķʽ
Procedure as determined or governed by regulation or custom.
裺ɹϰȷ֧ĳ
A fixed order of words or procedures, as for use in a ceremony; a formula.
ʽһ̶ֹĴʽȣ
A document with blanks for the insertion of details or information:
пոдϢ飺
insurance forms.
ձ
Manners or conduct as governed by etiquette, decorum, or custom.
ֹڡǻϰ֧ľֹΪ
Behavior according to a fixed or accepted standard:
ΪϺ̶Ͽɱ׼Ϊ
Tardiness is considered bad form.
ΪһֲΪ
Performance considered with regard to acknowledged criteria:
֣ԹϼΪб׼ı֣
a good jump shooter having an unusual form.
ڲͬͶ
Proven ability to perform:
ˮƽ״̬֪ı
a musician at the top of her form.
ˮƽڶּ
Fitness, as of an athlete or animal, with regard to health or training.
״̬뽡ѵйص˶Աľ״̬
The past performance of a racehorse.
ȥı
A racing form.
ɼ¼
Method of arrangement or manner of coordinating elements in literary or musical composition or in organized discourse:
ʽйؽ֡»Ҫķʽ
presented my ideas in outline form; a treatise in the form of a dialogue.
ٵʽҵ뷨Իʽ
A particular type or example of such arrangement:
ãеضͻʵ
The essay is a literary form.
ɢһ
The design, structure, or pattern of a work of art:
ṹһơṹģʽ
symphonic form.

A mold for the setting of concrete.
ģ壺עģ
A model of the human figure or part of it used for displaying clothes.
ģͣ򲿷֧ģͣչʾװ
A proportioned model that may be adjusted for fitting clothes.
ɵСģͣƵģɵģͣøַװ
A grade in a British secondary school or in some American private schools:
꼶ָӢѧһЩ˽ѧУе꼶
the sixth form.
꼶
A linguistic form.
ͣһѧʽ
The external aspect of words with regard to their inflections, pronunciation, or spelling:
ֵʽ仯Ρƴд仯һʵĲ֮ͬһ
verb forms.
ʴ
Chiefly British A long seat; a bench.
Ӣ ӣ
The resting place of a hare.
ҰõϢص
Botany A subdivision of a variety usually differing in one trivial characteristic, such as flower color.
ֲѧ ࣺͨϸ΢ٷ֣绨ɫٷ
v.ʣ
formed,form.ing,forms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give form to; shape:
ɣΣ
form clay into figures.

To develop in the mind; conceive:
Ժγɣ
form an opinion.
γ뷨
To shape or mold (dough, for example) into a particular form.
죺ŵȣһ״
To arrange oneself in:
ΣԼγɣ
Holding out his arms, the cheerleader formed a T. The acrobats formed a pyramid.
ӳֱTΣӼԱγһ
To organize or arrange:
֯ţ
The environmentalists formed their own party.
Լ
To fashion, train, or develop by instruction or precept:
ɣγɣָͨѵγɡѵչ
form a child's mind.
ͺӵ뷨
To come to have; develop or acquire:
ɣɣչã
form a habit.
ϰ
To constitute or compose a usually basic element, part, or characteristic of.
ɣɻΪͨĻҪءɷֻ
To produce (a tense, for example) by assuming an inflection:
γɣͨ۱仯ɣʱ̬
form the pluperfect.
ɹȥʱ
To make (a word) by derivation or composition.
򸴺Ϸʣ
To put in order; arrange.
У
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become formed or shaped.
γɻ
To come into being by taking form; arise.
֣ĳʽķʽ
To assume a specified form, shape, or pattern.
̬ųһʽ״ģʽ
?
Middle English forme 
йӢ forme 
from Latin f?a 
Դ  f?a 
?
formability
n.ʣ
formable
adj.ݴʣ
?
form,figure,shape,configuration,contour,profile
These nouns refer to the external outline of a thing.
Щָһⲿߡ
 Form   is the outline and structure of a thing as opposed to its substance: 
 Form  һ屾ʶԵĳκ͹죺 
stalactites of curious forms;
״ʯ
a garden in the form of a lovers' knot.
ͬĽ״Ļ԰
Figure   refers usually to form as established by bounding or enclosing lines: 
Figure  ָ޶ΧΣ 
The cube is a solid geometric figure.
һι̵ļͼΡ
Europe is disclosed as a prone and emaciated figure, the Alps shaping like a backbone, and the branching mountain chains like ribs, the peninsular plateau of Spain forming a head 
(Thomas Hardy).
ŷһǰ㲵ˣ˹ɽļ׵֧߹ǣİ뵺ԭγͷ ˹
 Shape   implies three-dimensional definition that indicates both outline and bulk or mass: 
 Shape  ĸָ 
Rowing [at night] , he faced her, a hooded and cloaked shape  (Joseph Conrad).
ʱ һͷģ  Լɪ򡤿£
 Configuration  stresses the pattern formed by the arrangement of parts within an outline: 
 Configuration  ǿڽγɵģͣ 
The map shows the configuration of the North American continent, with its mountains, rivers, and plains.
ͼ½ĵԼɽƽԭ
Contour   refers especially to the outline of a three-dimensional figure: 
Contour  ָһ 
I ran my finger along the soft, curving contour of the child's cheek.
Ҹź̵͡ա
Profile  denotes the outline of something viewed against a backgroundand especially the outline of the human face in side view: 
Profile  ָĳֳָ֮˵Ĳ 
We glimpsed the profile of the church steeple against the last glow of the sunset.
ƳϼĳµĽüⶥ
The profile of the old warrior was characterized by a strong jaw and an aquiline nose. 
սʿһӲ°ͺһӥǡ 

= =
formal
for.mal
AHD:[f?rml] 
D.J.[6f%8m*l]
K.K.[6f%rm*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or involving outward form or structure.
εģʽģڻ漰ʽṹ
Being or relating to essential form or constitution:
ʽģĻʽ򹹳ɵģ
a formal principle.
ʽԭ
Following or being in accord with accepted forms, conventions, or regulations:
ģѭϹ涨ʽģ
had little formal education; went to a formal party.
ܹٵμһۻ
Executed, carried out, or done in proper or regular form:
ʽģʵ򳣹ʽеģ
a formal reprimand; a formal document.
ʽǴʽļ
Characterized by strict or meticulous observation of forms; methodical:
ʽģϴͳϰߵģʽϸϸڵģģ
very formal in their business transactions.
ǵº
Stiffly ceremonious:
̰ģ
a formal manner; a formal greeting; a formal bow to the monarch.
̰̬̰Ļӭ̰ؾϹ
Having the outward appearance but lacking in substance:
ʽģģͽģֻбûʵģ
a formal requirement that is usually ignored.
ͨԵı
n.ʣ
Something, such as a gown or social affair, that is formal in nature.
ʽĶ糤罻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin f?3lis} 
Դ  f?3lis} 
from f?a [shape] 
Դ f?a [״] 
?
formally
adv.ʣ
formalness
n.ʣ

= =
format
for.mat
AHD:[f?rm2t] 
D.J.[6f%87m#t]
K.K.[6f%r7m#t]
n.ʣ
A plan for the organization and arrangement of a specified production.
٣ָƷ֯Ͱŷļƻ
The material form or layout of a publication.
İʽ򿪱
Computer Science 
ѧ 
The arrangement of data for storage or display.
ʽڴʾ
A method for achieving such an arrangement.
ʽеķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
for.mat.ted,for.mat.ting,for.mats 
To plan or arrange in a specified form:
ƻʽ
They formatted the conference so that each speaker had less than 15 minutes to deliver a paper.
ǰ˻ÿݽв15ӵʱ䷢ݽ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
To divide (a disk) into marked sectors so that it may store data.
Ϊʽ̵ȣֳɱõʹÿܴ
To determine the arrangement of (data) for storage or display.
ʽڴʾģݣ
?
French 
 
ultimately from Latin f?3tus} [past participle of] f?rm3re [to form] 
Դ  f?3tus}  [] f?rm3reĹȥִ [γ] 
from f?a [form] 
Դ f?a [ʽ] 

= =
formation
for.ma.tion
AHD:[f?r-m3shn] 
D.J.[f%86me!.*n]
K.K.[f%r6me.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of forming something or of taking form.
ʽɣĳֶ״ʹ֮״Ķ
Something formed:
γγɵĶ
beautiful cloud formations.
Ʋ
The manner or style in which something is formed; structure:
ṹγɵʽṹ
the distinctive formation of the human eye.
۵Ķؽṹ
A specified arrangement or deployment, as of troops.
ΣӵȵϺ
Geology The primary unit of lithostratigraphy, consisting of a succession of strata useful for mapping or description.
ѧ ز㣬飺ʯزĻλͼһϵв
?
formational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
former
former 1
AHD:[f?rmr] 
D.J.[6f%8m*]
K.K.[6f%rm+]
n.ʣ
One that forms; a maker or creator:
ߣߣ
a former of ideas.

Chiefly British A member of a school form:
Ӣ ѧУĳһ꼶ѧ
a fifth former.
һ꼶ѧ
?
former
former 2
AHD:[f?rmr] 
D.J.[6f%8m*]
K.K.[6f%rm+]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring earlier in time.
緢ģʱϸ緢
Of, relating to, or taking place in the past.
ȥģȥģȥйصģȥ
Coming before in place or order; foregoing.
ǰģǰģڵصƻ֮ǰģǰ
Being the first of two mentioned.
ǰߵģᵽ
Having been in the past:
ǰεģڹȥģ
a former ambassador.
ǰ⽻ʹ
?
Middle English [comparative of] forme [first] 
йӢ  [] formeıȽϼ [һ] 
from Old English forma * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ forma *μ per 1
?
Grammarians have often insistedthat the phrasesthe former  and the latter  should be used only to refer to the first of two things and the second of two things, respectively:  
﷨ǾΪthe former  the latter Ӧֻڷֱеĵһ͵ڶ  
But Flynn preceded Casey, as did also Jimmy Blake, and the former was a lulu and the latter was a fake. 
ǣڿסҲڿһǰעĿĶƭ˵ġ 
It is not difficult to find examples of violations of this rule in the works of reputable writers.But the fact thatformer  and latter  are plainly comparatives will make many readers uneasy 
when the words are used in enumerations of more than two things, much as would the analagous incorrect use of a comparative in a sentencesuch asHer boys are 7, 9, and 13; only the 
younger was born in California.  
ѷҵƷΥ˹ӡʵformer  latter ԵģоϵĴʱͲŪˣ ʱڱȽʱпܳ
¾Ĳȷ÷ĶӷֱꡢʮꣻֻСĶӳڼ  

= =
formidable
for.mi.da.ble
AHD:[f?rm1-d-bl] 
D.J.[6f%8m!d*b*l]
K.K.[6f%rm!d*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing fear, dread, or alarm:
µģ־塢ֲǵģ
the formidable prospect of major surgery.
ҪҪĿµ
Inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder:
˼ģηģ
Though a true hero, he was also a thoroughgoing bureaucrat and politician, a formidable combination(Mario Puzo)
ȻһӢۣҲһʮĹźμңһ˼Ļ塱(¡)
Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat:
ѶԸģɡ˷Ըģ
a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent.
ӦսԶԸĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin formo3bilis} 
Դ  formo3bilis} 
from formo3re} [to fear] 
Դ formo3re} [] 
from formo?} [fear] 
Դ formo?} [] 
?
formidability  
formidableness
n.ʣ
formidably
adv.ʣ

= =
formula
for.mu.la
AHD:[f?rmy-l] 
D.J.[6f%8mj*l*]
K.K.[6f%rmj*l*]
n.ʣ
 for.mu.las  for.mu.lae [-l?]  
An established form of words or symbols for use in a ceremony or procedure.
÷ڵʽڵĹ־
An utterance of conventional notions or beliefs; a hackneyed expression.
׻ĳ԰ף¸
A method of doing or treating something that relies on an established, uncontroversial model or approach:
׼򣬷ݹõġģʽ򷽷ȡĶĳЩʽ
a new situation comedy that simply uses an old formula.
ֻþɷϵĬ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
A symbolic representation of the composition or of the composition and structure of a compound.
ʽʾѧʳɷֻɷʽķűʽ
The compound so represented.
ӣʽʾĻ
A prescription of ingredients in fixed proportion; a recipe.
䷽һֳɷƳҩķ
A liquid food for infants, containing most of the nutrients in human milk.
ӤʳƷӤҺʳеĴ󲿷Ӫ
Mathematics A statement, especially an equation, of a fact, rule, principle, or other logical relation.
ѧ ʽʽʾձʵɡ߼ϵĳΪһʽ
Formula Sports A set of specifications, including engine displacement, fuel capacity, and weight, that determine a class of racing car.
 Formula ˶ ѵγ̣һ׹̣Żȼļ
?
Latin f?a [diminutive of] f?rma [form] 
 f?a  [] f?rmaС׺ [ʽ] 
?
formulaic
AHD:[-l31k] ݴʣ
formulaically
adv.ʣ

= =
formulate
for.mu.late
AHD:[f?rmy-l3t] 
D.J.[6f%8mj*7le!t]
K.K.[6f%rmj*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
for.mu.lat.ed,for.mu.lat.ing,for.mu.lates 
To state as or reduce to a formula.
ʹʽùʽΪʽ
To express in systematic terms or concepts.
ùʽϵͳĸ
To devise or invent:
滮룺
formulate strategy.
ƶ
To prepare according to a specified formula.
ضĹʽ׼
?
formulation
n.ʣ
formulator
n.ʣ

= =
fort
fort
AHD:[f?rt, f?rt] 
D.J.[f%8t, f*&rt]
K.K.[f%rt, fort]
n.Abbr. ft.,Ft.ʣд ft.,Ft.
A fortified place or position stationed with troops.
ݣһĵطפоӵĵط
A permanent army post.
Ҫһþפ
?
Middle English [strength, stronghold] 
йӢ [Ҫ] 
from Old French [strong, strength] 
Դ ŷ [ι̵ģ] 
from Latin fortis * see  bhergh- 2
Դ  fortis *μ bhergh- 2

= =
forth
forth
AHD:[f?rth, f?rth] 
D.J.[f%8G, f*&rG]
K.K.[f%rG, forG]
adv.ʣ
Forward in time, place, or order; onward:
ǰǰʱ䡢ص˳Ժǰģ
from this time forth.
ʱ
Out into view:
¶ŵģģ
A stranger came forth from the crowd; put my ideas forth.
Ⱥ߳һİˣҵĹ۵
Obsolete Away from a specified place; abroad.
 ⣬ңһضĵص뿪ȥ
prep.Archaic ʣ 
Out of; forth from.
ԣӡ뿪
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ *μ per 1
?
Forth
Forth
AHD:[f?rth, f?rth] 
D.J.[f%8G, f*&rG]
K.K.[f%rG, forG]
NONE޴ԣ
A river of south-central Scotland flowing about 187 km (116 mi) eastward to theFirth of Forth,  a wide inlet of the North Sea. 
˼壺ոϲһ187116Ӣ˼ӿڣ Ǳһ 

= =
forthcoming
forth.com.ing
AHD:[f?rth-k?m1ng, f?rth-] 
D.J.[f%8G6kJm!0, f*&rG-]
K.K.[f%rG6kJm!0, forG-]
adj.ݴʣ
About to appear or take place; approaching:
ģֻģҪģ
the forthcoming elections.
ѡ
Available when required or as promised:
ֳɵģҪ浽ģҪʱܵõĻŵԵõģ
Federal funds were not forthcoming.
ûеõ
Affable and outgoing:
Ƶģ˵ģ
a considerate, forthcoming person.
һƵ
Candid and willing to cooperate.
̹ʵģں
n.ʣ
AHD:[f?rthk?m1ng, f?rth-] 
The act or an instance of coming forth.
٣ٽ

= =
fortnight
fort.night
AHD:[f?rtnot] 
D.J.[6f%8t7na!t]
K.K.[6f%rt7na!t]
n.ʣ
A period of 14 days; two weeks.
ʮ죬
?
Middle English fourtenight 
йӢ fourtenight 
alteration of fourtene night [fourteen nights] 
 fourtene nightı仯 [ʮĸҹ] 
Old English f??ne} [fourteen] * see  fourteen 
Ӣ f??ne} [ʮ] *μ fourteen
Old English niht [night] * see  night 
Ӣ niht [ҹ] *μ night

= =
fortunate
for.tu.nate
AHD:[f?rch-n1t] 
D.J.[6f%8t.*n!t]
K.K.[6f%rt.*n!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Bringing something good and unforeseen; auspicious.
˵ģģδԤϵĺ£˵
Having unexpected good fortune; lucky.See Synonyms at happy 
ҵģ˵ģн˺˵ģ˵Ĳμ happy
n.ʣ
One who has good fortune, especially a wealthy person.
к˵ˣ˵ˣָǮ
?
Latin fort?3tus} 
 fort?3tus} 
from fort?a [chance] * see  fortune 
Դ fort?a [] *μ fortune
?
fortunately
adv.ʣ
fortunateness
n.ʣ

= =
fortune
for.tune
AHD:[f?rchn] 
D.J.[6f%8t.*n]
K.K.[6f%rt.*n]
n.ʣ
The chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; luck:
»µżȻ
He decided to go home for the holidays, and his fortune turned for the worse.
ؼҶȼ٣û뵽仵
fortunes The turns of luck in the course of one's life.
 fortunes ʱˣˣһת
Success, especially when at least partially resulting from luck:
ɹɹָ𲿷õĳɹ
No matter what they tried, it ended in fortune.
ôģ󶼳ɹ
A person's condition or standing in life determined by material possessions or financial wealth:
ƲɲƲǮĳ˵ݻλ
She pursued her fortune in another country.
ѰĲƸ
Extensive amounts of material possessions or money; wealth.
ӴĲƲƲǮƱƸ
A large sum of money:
Ǯ
spent a fortune on the new car.
һǮ³
Often Fortune A hypothetical, often personified force or power that favorably or unfavorably governs the events of one's life:
  Fortune ֮һͨ˻û򻵵ؾе¼
We believe that Fortune is on our side.
֮ǻǵ
Fate; destiny:
ˣ
told my fortune with tarot cards.
ֽҵ
A foretelling of one's destiny.
Ԥ˵
v.ʣ
for.tuned,for.tun.ing,for.tunes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Archaic To endow with wealth.
 ԴڲƲ
Obsolete To ascribe or give good or bad fortune to.
 ˻
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To occur by chance; happen.
żȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fort?a 
Դ  fort?a 
from fors  fort- [chance] 
Դ fors  fort- [] 

= =
forty
for.ty
AHD:[f?rt?] 
D.J.[6f%8ti8]
K.K.[6f%rti]
n.ʣ
 for.ties 
The cardinal number equal to 4  10.
ʮһΪ410ĳ˻
forties 
 forties 
Often Forties The decade from 40 to 49 in a century.
  Forties ʮһд40굽49ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 40 to 49:
ʮʮ굽ʮʮ꣬ʮʮţ
They stopped smoking in their forties. At night the temperature fell into the forties.
ʮʱ̡ϣ¶Ƚʮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?g * see  k wetwer- 
Դ Ӣ f?g *μ k wetwer- 
?
forty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
forum
fo.rum
AHD:[f?rm, f?r-] 
D.J.[6f%8r*m, 6f*&r-]
K.K.[6f%r*m, 6for-]
n.ʣ
 fo.rums Ҳ fo.ra [f?r, f?r]  
The public square or marketplace of an ancient Roman city that was the assembly place for judicial activity and public business.
㳡л͹Ĺ㳡г
A public meeting place for open discussion.
᳡أڹ۵Ĺھۼ
A medium of open discussion or voicing of ideas, such as a newspaper or a radio or television program.
ṩ۵ý壺ṩۻý飬籨ֽ㲥ӵר۽Ŀ
A public meeting or presentation involving a discussion usually among experts and often including audience participation.
ۻᣬ۵Ļ᣺ͨרҺ͹ڲμ۵Ĺڼ
A court of law; a tribunal.
ͥԺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin * see  dhwer- 
Դ  *μ dhwer- 

= =
forward
for.ward
AHD:[f?rwrd] 
D.J.[6f%8w*d]
K.K.[6f%rw*d]
adj.ݴʣ
At, near, or belonging to the front or forepart; fore:
ǰģǰģڣٽǰģǰģ
the forward section of the aircraft.
ɻǰ
Located ahead or in advance:
λǰģλǰĻǰģ
kept her eye on the forward horizon.
עǰĵƽ
Going, tending, or moving toward a position in front:
ǰģǰλ˶ƶģ
a forward plunge down a flight of stairs.
һ¥ǰһ
Sports Advancing toward an opponent's goal.
˶ Էߵ
Moving in a prescribed direction or order for normal use:
ǰУ;ָ˳˶ģ
forward rolling of the cassette tape.
Ŵǰת
Ardently inclined; eager.
ĵģ
Lacking restraint or modesty; presumptuous or bold:
³çģðʧģģȱԼģĻģ
a forward child.
ðʧС
Being ahead of current economic, political, or technological trends; progressive:
ǰģǰģڵǰľáΡģģ
a forward concept.
ȽĹ
Deviating radically from convention or tradition; extreme.
ͳģƫ봫ͳģ˵
Exceptionally advanced; precocious.
ģ
Of, relating to, or done in preparation for the future:
ԤģڻģڣڣģΪ׼ģ
bidding on forward contracts for corn.
Ϊ׵ڻ׽м
adv.ʣ
Toward or tending to the front; frontward:
ǰأǰأǰأ
step forward.
ǰ
Into consideration:
ǣ
put forward a new proposal.
һ½
In or toward the future:
ڽ
looking forward to seeing you.

In the prescribed direction or sequence for normal use:
ǰ;涨˳أ
rolled the tape forward.
ѴŴǰת
In an advanced position or a configuration registering a future time:
ǰǰأǰʱλûṹأ
set the clock forward.
ѱǰ
At or to a different time; earlier or later:
ǰڻ򵽲ͬʱ䣻ЩЩ
moved the appointment forward, from Friday to Thursday.
Լǰ
n.Abbr. fwdSports ʣд fwd˶ 
A player in certain games, such as basketball, soccer, or hockey, who is part of the forward line of the offense.
ǰ棺һЩ˶Уǰ߽ϵ˶Ա
The position played by such a person.
ǰߣǰ˶Աλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
for.ward.ed,for.ward.ing,for.wards 
To send on to a subsequent destination or address.See Synonyms at send 1
ͣתͣͻת͵һַĿĵزμ send1
To help advance; promote.See Synonyms at advance 
ٽμ advance
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?d 
Դ Ӣ f?d 
f?- [fore-] 
f?- [ǰ棬֮ǰǰ] 
-weard [-ward] 
-weard [򡭵] 
?
forwardly
adv.ʣ
forwardness
n.ʣ

= =
fossil
fos.sil
AHD:[f?sl] 
D.J.[6fKs*l]
K.K.[6f$s*l]
n.ʣ
A remnant or trace of an organism of a past geologic age, such as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and preserved in the earth's crust.
ʯòڵزеĹ塢ַǺҶӵӡ۵
One, such as a rigid theory, that is outdated or antiquated.
ʱĻ罩
Linguistics 
ѧ 
A word or morpheme that is used only in certain restricted contexts, askempt  in unkempt,  but is otherwise obsolete. 
ɴʣֻĳ޶еĴʻأkempt in unkempt ڱѷ 
An archaic syntactic rule or pattern used only in idioms, asso be it.  
﷨һֻϰеĹ䷨;ͣso be it  
adj.ݴʣ
Characteristic of or having the nature of a fossil.
ʯԵģʯԵģлʯԵ
Being or similar to a fossil.
ƻʯģʯģƻʯ
Belonging to the past; antiquated.
ʱģ¾ɵģڹȥģ
?
From Latin fossilis [dug up] 
Դ  fossilis [ڳ] 
from fossus [past participle of] fodere [to dig] 
Դ fossus  [] fodereĹȥִ [ڣ] 

= =
foster
fos.ter
AHD:[f?str, f?str] 
D.J.[6f%8st*, 6fKst*]
K.K.[6f%st+, 6f$st+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fos.tered,fos.ter.ing,fos.ters 
To bring up; nurture:

bear and foster offspring.See Synonyms at nurture 
͸μ nurture
To promote the growth and development of; cultivate:
ٽٽչȣ
detect and foster artistic talent.See Synonyms at advance 
չܲμ advance
To nurse; cherish:
УУ
foster a secret hope.
ܵϣ
adj.ݴʣ
Providing parental care and nurture to children not related through legal or blood ties:
ģڷɺѪԵûйϵĺṩĸϵģ
foster parents; foster grandparents; a foster home.
ĸ游ĸļͥ
Receiving parental care and nurture from those not related to one through legal or blood ties:
ģӺԼûзɻѪԵϵܸĸϵģ
foster children.
ĺ
?
Middle English fostren 
йӢ fostren 
from Old English *f?n [to nourish] 
Դ Ӣ *f?n [Уϣ޵ȣ] 
from f?r [food, nourishing] * see  p3- 
Դ f?r [ʳӪ] *μ p3- 
?
Foster
Fos.ter
AHD:[f?str, f?str] Abigail Kelley  Known as Abby.(1810-1887) 
D.J.[6f%8st*, 6fKst*]
K.K.[6f%st+, 6f$st+]
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist and suffragist who refused to pay taxes on her family's farm because she, not having the right to vote, was not represented politically.
˹أȸǶ(1810-1887) ūߺŮȨߡûѡȨδȨܾ֧ͥũľ˰
?
Foster
FosterStephen Collins (1826-1864)
NONE޴ԣ
American songwriter whose popular works, such as Oh! Susannah (1848) and Old Folks at Home (1851), reflect the sentiment of pre-Civil War America.
˹أ˹ٷҡ˹(1826-1864) ңһЩƷ硶Ŷɺ!1848꣩͡԰ϡ(1851꣩ӳսǰ˵
?
Foster
FosterWilliam Zebulon (1881-1961)
NONE޴ԣ
American labor leader and radical politician who was a presidential candidate (1924, 1928, and 1932) and national chairman (1945-1956) of the Communist Party of the United States.
˹أף(1881-1961) 䡢μң192419281932굱ѡΪͳѡˣ1945-1946굣ϯ

= =
foul
foul
AHD:[foul] 
D.J.[fa&l]
K.K.[fa&l]
adj.ݴʣ
foul.er,foul.est 
Offensive to the senses; revolting.
ģʹ
Having an offensive odor; smelly.
ζŵģ
Rotten or putrid:
õģܵģ
foul meat.
õ
Full of dirt or mud; dirty.See Synonyms at dirty 
ģŢģģĲμ dirty
Full of impurities; polluted:
ģǵģ
foul air.
ǵĿ
Morally detestable; wicked:
°ܻģаģ
foul deeds.
Ϊ
Of a vulgar or obscene nature:
ģ׵ģ
foul language.
ֻ
Very disagreeable or displeasing; horrid:
˲Ļģ𷴸еģ
a foul movie.
˷еӰƬ
Bad or unfavorable:
ӵĻ˵ģ
in fair weather or foul.

Violating accepted standards or rules; dishonorable:
ģɵģΥϵı׼涨ģʵģ
used foul means to gain power.
ñɵֶõȨ
Sports Contrary to the rules of a game or sport:
˶ ģ˶ģ
a foul boxing punch.
ȭзһ
Baseball Outside the foul lines:
 ģ
a foul fly ball.
߷
Entangled or twisted:
סĻģ
a foul anchor.
ê
Clogged or obstructed; blocked:
ģģģ
a foul ventilator shaft.
סͨܵ
Archaic Ugly; unattractive.
 ªģÿ
n.ʣ
Abbr. f.Sports An infraction or a violation of the rules of play.
д f.˶ 棺Υ򴥷
Baseball A foul ball.
 
An entanglement or a collision.
ᣬײ
An instance of clogging or obstructing.
ʵ
adv.ʣ
In a foul manner.
أ
v.ʣ
fouled,foul.ing,fouls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make dirty or foul; pollute.See Synonyms at contaminate 
ŪʹۻࣻȾμ contaminate
To bring into dishonor; besmirch.
ۣܻ
To clog or obstruct.
ʹ
To entangle or catch (a rope, for example).
᣺ʹססӣ
Nautical To encrust (a ship's hull) with foreign matter, such as barnacles.
 ϣʹǣĶٺ
Sports To commit a foul against.
˶ ԡ
Baseball To hit (a ball) outside the foul lines.
 򣩳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become foul.
࣬
Sports To commit a foul.
˶ 
Baseball To hit a ball outside the foul lines:
 磺
fouled twice and then struck out; fouled out to the catcher.
ֽ֣ס
To become entangled or twisted:
ò
The anchor line fouled on a rock.
êһʯ
To become clogged or obstructed.

?
foul out
Sports To be put out of a game for exceeding the number of permissible fouls.
˶ 򷸹泬涨³
foul up
To blunder or cause to blunder because of mistakes or poor judgment.
Ķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?l * see  p- 
Դ Ӣ f?l *μ p- 
?
foully
adv.ʣ
foulness
n.ʣ

= =
found
found 1
AHD:[found] 
D.J.[fa&nd]
K.K.[fa&nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
found.ed,found.ing,founds 
To establish or set up, especially with provision for continuing existence:
죬˽˽ָΪ׼
The college was founded in 1872.
ѧ˽1872
To establish the foundation or basis of; base:
ĻԡΪ
found a theory on firm evidence.
ȷ֤ݴ
?
Middle English founden 
йӢ founden 
from Old French fonder 
Դ ŷ fonder 
from Latin fund3e 
Դ  fund3e 
from fundus [bottom] 
Դ fundus [͵] 
?
found,create,establish,institute,organize
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring something into existence and set it in operation: 
Щʹеĺǡʹ֮С 
founded a colony;
һֳأ
created a trust fund;
л
establishing an advertising agency;
һ˾
instituted an annual ball to benefit the homeless;
Ϊ޼ҿɹ֯һһȵĴ᣻
organizing the metal-trading division of a bank. 
֯нײ 
?
found
found 2
AHD:[found] 
D.J.[fa&nd]
K.K.[fa&nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
found.ed,found.ing,founds 
To melt (metal) and pour into a mold.
ۻƣѣۻעģ
To make (objects) by pouring molten material into a mold.
죺ۻעģõ
?
Middle English founden 
йӢ founden 
from Old French fondre 
Դ ŷ fondre 
from Latin fundere * see  gheu- 
Դ  fundere *μ gheu- 
?
found
found 3
AHD:[found] 
D.J.[fa&nd]
K.K.[fa&nd]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of find 
 findĹȥʽ͹ȥִ

= =
foundation
foun.da.tion
AHD:[foun-d3shn] 
D.J.[fa&n6de!.*n]
K.K.[fa&n6de.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.
죺ָһʹ֮ȥ
The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.See Synonyms at base 1
ػڵĻݵĵػ֧ĵμ base1
Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.
𣬾Ϊĳһʻһʾ
An institution founded and supported by an endowment.
άֵĻ
A foundation garment.
ĵףŮ
A cosmetic used as a base for facial makeup.
۵ףױǰõһֻױƷ
?
foundational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
fountain
foun.tain
AHD:[fountn] 
D.J.[6fa&nt*n]
K.K.[6fa&nt*n]
n.ʣ
An artificially created jet or stream of water.
ȪȪˮһһˮ
A structure, often decorative, from which a jet or stream of water issues.
ȪһװԵʹˮװ
A spring, especially the source of a stream.
ȪԴһȪָϪԴȪ
A reservoir or chamber containing a supply of liquid that can be siphoned off as needed.
ҺһˮҪˮʱɴ
A soda fountain.
ˮͰ
A point of origin or dissemination; a source:
ԴͷԴԴԴͷ򴫲ԴͷԴ
the library, a fountain of information.
ͼϢԴͷ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
foun.tained,foun.tain.ing,foun.tains 
To flow or cause to flow like a fountain.
Ȫ㣩ʹȪˮӿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French fontaine 
Դ ŷ fontaine 
from Late Latin font3a 
Դ  font3a 
from Latin [feminine of] font3nus [of a spring] 
Դ   [] font3nusԴ [Ȫ] 
from f?s  font- [spring] 
Դ f?s  font- [Ȫ] 

= =
four
four
AHD:[f?r, f?r] 
D.J.[f%8, f*&r]
K.K.[f%r, for]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 3 + 1.
ģһʣ31֮
The fourth in a set or sequence.
ģһһеĵĸ
Something having four parts, units, or members, such as a musical quartet or a four-cylinder engine.
ĸһ֮ĸ˻һ飬࣬ĸ׷
?
all fours
All four limbs of an animal or person:
֫˻֫
a baby crawling on all fours.
һеӤ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English f?r * see  k wetwer- 
Դ Ӣ f?r *μ k wetwer- 
?
four
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
fourteen
four.teen
AHD:[f?r-t?n, f?r-] 
D.J.[f%86ti8n, f*&r-]
K.K.[f%r6tin, for-]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 13 + 1.
ʮģһʣ131֮
The 14th in a set or sequence.
ʮĸһһеĵʮĸ
Something having 14 parts, units, or members.
ʮһƷʮĸ֡λԱĳ
?
Middle English fourtene 
йӢ fourtene 
from Old English f??ne} * see  k wetwer- 
Դ Ӣ f??ne} *μ k wetwer- 
?
fourteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
fourth
fourth
AHD:[f?rth, f?rth] 
D.J.[f%8G, f*&rG]
K.K.[f%rG, forG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number four in a series.
ģһʣһеĵĸ
One of four equal parts.
ķ֮һ
Music 
֡ 
A tone four degrees above or below a given tone in a diatonic scale.
ȻиڻһĶȵ
The interval between two such tones.
Ķ̣֮ļЪ
The harmonic combination of these tones.
ĶȺĺг
The subdominant in a scale.

The transmission gear or gear ratio used to produce forward speeds next higher to those of third in a motor vehicle.
ĵʱӵһԼӿٶ
Fourth The Fourth of July; Independence Day.
 Fourth գ74գ
?
Middle English fourthe 
йӢ fourthe 
from Old English f?3} * see  k wetwer- 
Դ Ӣ f?3} *μ k wetwer- 
?
fourth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
fox
fox
AHD:[f?ks] 
D.J.[fKks]
K.K.[f$ks]
n.ʣ
 fox.es Ҳ fox  
Any of various carnivorous mammals of the genusVulpes  and related genera, related to the dogs and wolves and characteristically having upright ears, a pointed snout, and a long, 
bushy tail. 
 ʳⲸ鶯һ֣빷йΪֱĶ䡢ӡëĳβ 
The fur of one of these mammals.
Ƥֲ鶯ëƤ
A crafty, sly, or clever person.
ƶ˵ˣթթ
Slang An attractive young person.
ٵ 
Nautical Small cordage made by twisting together two or more strands of tarred yarn.
 õɻɽ˽͵ɴɵС
Archaic A sword.
 
v.ʣ
foxed,fox.ing,fox.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To trick or fool by ingenuity or cunning; outwit.
ʹϵԹƻթԻŪȡʤ
To baffle or confuse.
ʹԻ
To make (beer) sour by fermenting.
ʹơƣ
To repair (a shoe) by attaching a new upper.
ΪЬճͨЬ油ƤЬ
Obsolete To intoxicate.
 ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act slyly or craftily.
ˣл
To turn sour in fermenting. Used of beer.
ͱ᣺Է͵ķʽᡣơ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
Fox
Fox
AHD:[f?ks] 
D.J.[fKks]
K.K.[f$ks]
n.ʣ
 Fox  Fox.es  
A Native American people formerly inhabiting various parts of southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and eastern Iowa, with present-day populations in central Iowa 
and with the Sauk in Oklahoma.
˹ǰסЪϲ˹ϲŵ˹ݱߺӶĸĿǰ˿ڶ༯°в˾סڶ
A member of this people.
˹˵ĳԱ
The Algonquian language of the Fox.
˹˵İ
?
Fox
FoxCharles James (1749-1806)
NONE޴ԣ
British politician who supported American independence and the French Revolution.
˹˹ղķ˹(1749-1806) Ӣμң֧ͷ
?
Fox
FoxGeorge (1624-1691)
NONE޴ԣ
English religious leader who founded the Society of Friends, or Quakers (1647-1648).
˹Σ(1624-1691) Ӣڽ䣬ᣬͽ(1647-1648꣩
?
Fox
FoxJohn William, Jr. (1863-1919)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer of sentimental novels about Southern life, includingCrittenden  (1900). 
˹СԼ(1863-1919) дϲĸС˵ң̹ǡ 1900꣩ 
?
Fox
FoxMargaret (1833-1893)
NONE޴ԣ
American spiritualist who with her sisterKatherine  (1839?-1892), known as Kate, purported to communicate with spirits through mysterious rappings and seances. Their activities 
were largely responsible for the widespread American fascination with spiritualism. 
˹أ(1833-1893) Ψߣÿɪ (1839?-1892꣩Ϊءרóͨصûͽ񼯻齻ǵΪӦԷ
ȸҪ 
?
Fox
FoxRichard
NONE޴ԣ
See  Richard Foxe 
μ   Foxe

= =
fraction
frac.tion
AHD:[fr2kshn] 
D.J.[6fr#k.*n]
K.K.[6fr#k.*n]
n.ʣ
Mathematics An expression that indicates the quotient of two quantities.
ѧ ̵ıʽ
A disconnected piece; a fragment.
һ飻Ƭ
A small part; a bit:
һС֣Щ΢
moved a fraction of a step.
һС
A chemical component separated by fractionation.
󣺱Ļѧɷ
?
Middle English fraccioun [a breaking] 
йӢ fraccioun [ѷ] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin fr3?}  fr3cti?n- 
Դ  fr3?}  fr3cti?n- 
from Latin fr3s [past participle of] frangere [to break] * see  bhreg- 
Դ  fr3s  [] frangereĹȥִ [] *μ bhreg- 
?
One might think that a word likefraction  as well as its ancestors might have always referred to the mathematical fraction. Certainly the mathematical notion of a fraction was known to 
the Babylonians, perhaps as early as 2000b.c.  But our wordfraction  goes back only to the Latin word frangere,  to break. From the stem of the past participlefr3s  is derived Late 
Latin fr3?,}  a breaking or a breaking in pieces,as in the breaking of the Eucharistic Host.In Medieval Latin the wordfr3?}  developed its mathematical sense, which was taken 
into Middle English along with the word.The earliest recorded sense of our word is an aliquot part of a unit, a fraction or subdivision,found in a work by Chaucer written about 
1400.One of the next recorded instances of the word recalls its origins, referring to the brekying or fraccioun of a bone.
ҲΪһfraction ԼĴԴָѧϵķ ȻѧҲڹԪǰ 2000ѱͱ֪ fraction һʽ׷ݵ frangere 
顱 ԴԹȥִfractus Ĵʸĺ fractio  ΪѡһƬƬġжڵı顣Уfractio һʳѧ
 ͬ嶼ӢСصǡһѧԪٷԼԼ1400дһƷ˴м¼֮
һָͷϵġѺۻƬʹ˻Դ

= =
fracture
frac.ture
AHD:[fr2kchr] 
D.J.[6fr#kt.*]
K.K.[6fr#kt.+]
n.ʣ
The act or process of breaking.
飺Ķ
The condition of having been broken or ruptured:
ѣѵ״̬
a sudden and irreparable fracture of the established order(W. Bruce Lincoln)
ȷͻȻ޷ȵѡ(W.³˹ֿ)
A break, rupture, or crack, especially in bone or cartilage.
ָۣڹͷϵ顢ѻѷ
Mineralogy 
ѧ 
The characteristic manner in which a mineral breaks.
ѣĵͷʽ
The characteristic appearance of the surface of a broken mineral.
棺ĵ
Geology A crack or fault in a rock.
ѧ ʯѷϲ
v.ʣ
frac.tured,frac.tur.ing,frac.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to break:
ʹ飺
fracture a bone.
۶Ϲͷ
To disrupt or destroy as if by breaking:
ʹѣ·۶ķѻٻ
fractured the delicate balance of power.
ƻȨ΢ƽ
To abuse or misuse flagrantly, as by violating rules:
ãصûãΥ涨
ignorant writers who fracture the language.
Ե֪
Slang To cause to laugh heartily:
ٵ Ц
Jack Benny fractured audiences .  . . for more than 50 years(Newsweek)
ܿˡᡭʮڴ˺ܶ໶֡(ܿ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo a fracture.See Synonyms at break 
۶ϲμ break
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fr3?ra} 
Դ  fr3?ra} 
from fr3s [past participle of] frangere [to break] * see  bhreg- 
Դ fr3s  [] frangereĹȥִ [] *μ bhreg- 

= =
fragile
frag.ile
AHD:[fr2jl, -ol] 
D.J.[6fr#d9*l, -7a!l]
K.K.[6fr#d9*l, -7a!l]
adj.ݴʣ
Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail.
ģױġױƻٻģ
Lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate.
ģģȱģ˵
Lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy:
ģȱʵʵģĻûмֵģ
a fragile claim to fame.
ʵʵ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fragilis 
Դ  fragilis 
from frangere  frag- [to break] * see  bhreg- 
Դ frangere  frag- [ʹ] *μ bhreg- 
?
fragilely
adv.ʣ
fragility
AHD:[fr-j1l1-t?]   fragile.ness ʣ
?
fragile,breakable,frangible,delicate,brittle
These adjectives mean easily broken or damaged.
Щݴ˼״𻵵ġ
 Fragile  applies to objects whose lightness or delicacy of material requires that they be handled with great care: 
 Fragile  ָЩԭϵɻӦʮϸĵشƷ 
a collection of fragile porcelain plates.
һĴ̡
Breakable   andfrangible,  which are identical in meaning, mean capable of being broken but do not necessarily imply inherent weakness:  
Breakable  frangble ָ߼ƣָܱĵȻζű飺  
Even earthenware pottery is breakable.
Ҳ顣
The museum stored all frangible articles in a locked showcase.
ݵĳгƷ
Delicate  refers to what is so soft, tender, or fine as to be susceptible to injury: 
Deliate  ָ̫ڼױ˺ģ 
The peach is a delicate fruit.
ˮ
Brittle   refers to hardness and inelasticity of material that makes something especially likely to fracture or snap when it is subjected to pressure: 
Brittle  ָܵѹʱܱ۶ϵԭϵӲȻ޵ԣ 
brittle bones. See also Synonyms at  weak 
ͷ μͬ weak

= =
fragment
frag.ment
AHD:[fr2gmnt] 
D.J.[6fr#gm*nt]
K.K.[6fr#gm*nt]
n.ʣ
A small part broken off or detached.
Ƭ𿪵С
An incomplete or isolated portion; a bit:
ƬϣĲ֣һ㣺
overheard fragments of their conversation; extant fragments of an old manuscript.
ǵǵ̸ϵԭִ沿
v.ʣ
frag.ment.ed,frag.ment.ing,frag.ments[-mnt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break or separate (something) into fragments.
ָĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become broken into fragments:
ѳɸ֣
After the election, the coalition fragmented.
ѡ߽֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin fragmentum 
Դ  fragmentum 
from frangere  frag- [to break] * see  bhreg- 
Դ frangere  frag- [] *μ bhreg- 

= =
frame
frame
AHD:[fr3m] 
D.J.[fre!m]
K.K.[frem]
v.ʣ
framed,fram.ing,frames 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To build by putting together the structural parts of; construct:
죬죺ͨѸִһ죻
frame a house.
һ
To conceive or design:
ƣ
framed an alternate proposal.
һѡļƻ
To arrange or adjust for a purpose:
ⶨƣΪĳһĿİŻ
The question was framed to draw only one answer.
ⱻ޶ֻһ
To put into words; formulate:
˵
frame a reply.
ͷ
To form (words) silently with the lips.
˵
To enclose in or as if in a frame:
װ򣺱ΧڼܿУ
frame a painting.
סһ
Informal 
ʽ 
To make up evidence or contrive events so as to incriminate (a person) falsely.
ܺ죺Ϊܸ棨ĳˣ֤ݻ߻¼
To prearrange (a contest) so as to ensure a desired fraudulent outcome; fix:
ԤȰţͨΪ֤ܵõƭԽԤȰţͨ
frame a prizefight.
ԤȰְҵȭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Archaic To go; proceed.
 ǰ
Obsolete To manage; contrive.
 ͼ跨
n.Abbr. fr.ʣд fr.
Something composed of parts fitted and joined together.
ṹ֯ɱװһĲɵ
A structure that gives shape or support:
Ǽܣӣʹλ֧õĿܽṹ
the frame of a house.
ݵĹǼ
An open structure or rim for encasing, holding, or bordering:
򣬼ܣһֳڵĿӻ򹹼ܣΧơɻ֧ĳ
a window frame; the frame of a mirror.
򣻾
A closed, often rectangular border of drawn or printed lines.
߿򣺻ӡˢһյͨʾε
Often frames A pair of eyeglasses, excluding the lenses.
  frames ޾Ƭ۾
The structure of a human or animal body; physique:
Ǽܣ˻Ľṹ
a worker's sturdy frame.
˵ǿ
A cold frame.
ֲ
A general structure or system:
ṹϵ
the frame of government.

A general state or condition:
µ״̬ƣ
The news put me into a better frame of mind.
Ϣʹҵľ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
A round or period of play in some games, such as bowling and billiards.
һ֣һغϣһЩϷ籣̨򣩵һֻһغ
Baseball An inning.
 һ
A single picture on a roll of movie film.
棺Ӱһϵлеĵһ
The total area of a complete picture in television broadcasting.
֡Ӵ͵һͼȫ
Informal A frame-up.
ʽ 
A single step in a sequence of programmed instruction.
֡һϵѭ򽥽ⶨĽѧĵ
Obsolete Shape; form.
 ̬
?
Middle English framen 
йӢ framen 
from Old English framian [to further] 
Դ Ӣ framian [ٽ] 
from fram [forward] * see  from 
Դ fram [ǰ] *μ from

= =
framework
frame.work
AHD:[fr3mw?rk] 
D.J.[6fre!m7wT8k]
K.K.[6frem7wPk]
n.ʣ
A structure for supporting or enclosing something else, especially a skeletal support used as the basis for something being constructed.
ܣ֧ŻΧסĽṹָ֧֮ſ
An external work platform; a scaffold.
⹤̨ʩ
A fundamental structure, as for a written work or a system of ideas.
ṹ һƷһϵй۵ģһֻṹ

= =
frank
frank 1
AHD:[fr2ngk] 
D.J.[fr#0k]
K.K.[fr#0k]
adj.ݴʣ
frank.er,frank.est 
Open and sincere in expression; straightforward.
̹ʵģϵģ̹ʶϵıģֱ
Clearly manifest; evident:
ģԵģ
frank enjoyment.
εĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
franked,frank.ing,franks 
To put an official mark on (a piece of mail) so that it can be sent free of charge.
ʼĹ£ڣʼϼӸǹ£Ա͵
To send (mail) free of charge.
Ѽģʼ
To place a stamp or mark on (a piece of mail) to show the payment of postage.
ʴΪѸڣʼϼʱ
To enable (a person) to come and go freely.
ʹˣɵ
n.ʣ
A mark or signature placed on a piece of mail to indicate the right to send it free of charge.
ʴǩʼϵӡǩԱп͵Ȩ
The right to send mail free.
ʼȨ
A franked piece of mail.
ʼĵż
?
Middle English [free] 
йӢ [ѵ] 
from Old French franc 
Դ ŷ franc 
from Late Latin Francus [Frank] * see  Frank 
Դ  Francus [] *μ Frank
?
frankness
n.ʣ
?
frank,candid,outspoken,straightforward,open
These adjectives mean revealing or disposed to reveal one's thoughts freely and honestly.
Щݴʶָʵ̹¶̹¶˼롣
 Frank  implies forthrightness of expression,sometimes to the point of bluntness: 
 Frank  ָԴֱʣʱﵽ³çĳ̶ȣ 
You can tell me what you think, and you may just as well be frank.
ʲô͸Ұɣ㻹̹Щá
Candid  stresses openness and sincerityand often suggests refusal to evade difficult or unpleasant issues: 
Candid  ǿԺԣָѻⲻӻرܣ 
Save, save, oh save me from the candid friend! (George Canning).
ȾңȾңֿҿܲˣ Ρ
 Outspoken  usually implies bold lack of reserve: 
 Outspoken  ָͨԵȱ 
It is possible to be outspoken without being rude.
ֱԲֲԵô³ǿġ
Straightforward  denotes directness of manner and expression: 
Straightforward  ʾ̬ȺԴǵֱʣΣ 
George was a straightforward soul . . . See here! he said. Are you engaged to anybody? (Booth Tarkington).
Ǹ뵽ʲô˵ʲôļһι˵˭?  ˼٣
 Open   suggests freedom from all trace of reserve or secretiveness: 
 Open  ʾһ˿ڣ 
I will be open and sincere with you (Joseph Addison).
ҽ̹ʶϵش㡱 Լɪ򡤰
?
frank
frank 2
AHD:[fr2ngk] 
D.J.[fr#0k]
K.K.[fr#0k]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A frankfurter.
˸㳦
?
Frank
Frank
AHD:[fr2ngk] 
D.J.[fr#0k]
K.K.[fr#0k]
n.ʣ
A member of one of the Germanic tribes of the Rhine region in the early Christian era, especially one of the Salian Franks who conquered Gaul abouta.d.  500 and established an 
extensive empire that reached its greatest power in the ninth century. 
ˣԪһ֧նĳԱָ˵һ֧ڹԪ 500˸¬ĵ۹9ʹﵽʢʱ 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English Franca 
Դ Ӣ Franca 
Old French Franc 
ŷ Franc 
both from Late Latin Francus 
Դ  Francus 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
Frank
Frank
AHD:[fr2ngk, fr?ngk] Anne (1929-1945) 
D.J.[fr#0k, fr$80k]
K.K.[fr#0k, fr$0k]
NONE޴ԣ
German Jewish diarist who fled from Nazi Germany to Amsterdam with her family (1933) and kept a diary during her years in hiding (1942-1944). She and her family were captured 
(August 1944) and sent to concentration camps. Anne died of typhus in the camp at Belsen. Her diary was published in 1947.
ˣݣ(1929-1945) ¹̫ˣռߣ(1933꣩ɴ¹ķ˹صǶһֱռ(1942-1944꣩˱(19448£
ӪڱɭļӪڰ˺ռ1947걻
?
Frank
Frank
AHD:[fr2ngk, fr?ngk] Ilya Mikhailovich (Born 1908) 
D.J.[fr#0k, fr$80k]
K.K.[fr#0k, fr$0k]
NONE޴ԣ
Russian physicist. He shared a 1958 Nobel Prize for work leading to the development of a cosmic-ray counter.
ˣǡ׹ά棺( 1908) ѧҡΪĹʹ߼ԷչԻ1958ŵ

= =
fraud
fraud
AHD:[fr?d] 
D.J.[fr%8d]
K.K.[fr%d]
n.ʣ
A deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful gain.
ƭΪΪŪƽ򲻺ϷǮƶʵеթƭ
A piece of trickery; a trick.
ƭ֣һȦףһ
One that defrauds; a cheat.
ƭˣƭ
One who assumes a false pose; an impostor.
װĿˣð
?
Middle English fraude 
йӢ fraude 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fraus  fraud- 
Դ  fraus  fraud- 

= =
free
free
AHD:[fr?] 
D.J.[fri8]
K.K.[fri]
adj.ݴʣ
fre.er,fre.est 
Not imprisoned or enslaved; being at liberty.
ɵģܼū۵ģɵ
Not controlled by obligation or the will of another:
ԼģԸƵģ
felt free to go.
ȥȥ
Having political independence:
ģϵĶȨģ
America . . . is the freest and wealthiest nation in the world(Rudolph W. Giuliani)
Ĺҡ(³W.)
Governed by consent and possessing or granting civil liberties:
йȨģͬⱻͳβл׼蹫Ȩģ
a free citizenry.
йȨĹ
Not subject to arbitrary interference by a government:
иɵģԤģ
a free press.
ɵĳ
Not affected or restricted by a given condition or circumstance:
ģܼȶ򻷾ӰԼ
a healthy animal, free of disease; free from need.
ûмĽԸ
Not subject to a given condition; exempt:
ģܼȶ֧ģģ
income that is free of all taxes.
˰
Not subject to external restraint:
ⲿ֧ģ
Comment is free but facts are sacred(Charles Prestwich Scott)
ǲƵģʵȴʥġ(˹˹ά桤˹)
Not literal or exact:
ģĻ׼ȷģ
a free translation.

Costing nothing; gratuitous:
Ǯģ޳ģ
a free meal.
ѵһ
Publicly supported:
ѵģֵ֧ģ
free education.
ѽ
Not occupied or used:
յģδռûʹõģ
a free locker.
һչ
Not taken up by scheduled activities:
еģδŵĻռõģ
free time between classes.
μĿʱ
Unobstructed; clear:
谭ģͨģ
a free lane.
ͨС·
Unguarded in expression or manner; open; frank.
ޱģ̸ֹ޷ģ̹ʵģϵ
Taking undue liberties; forward or overfamiliar.
ģԵģΪʵģ³çĻȵ
Liberal or lavish:
Ļִŵģ
tourists who are free with their money.
ĻǮ
Given, made, or done of one's own accord; voluntary or spontaneous:
ģظ衢ģԸԷģ
a free act of the will; free choices.
Ըжɵѡ
Chemistry Physics 
ѧ ѧ 
Unconstrained; unconfined:
ɵģԼģƵģ
free expansion.
ɵչ
Not fixed in position; capable of relatively unrestricted motion:
û̶ģλò̶ģԵԼ˶ģ
a free electron.
ɵ
Not chemically bound in a molecule:
ģδϳɷӵģ
free oxygen.

Involving no collisions or interactions:
ûײĻ򲻻õģ
a free path.
·
Empty:
յģ
a free space.
ռ
Unoccupied:
δռݵģ
a free energy level.
δռݵ
Nautical Favorable:
 ģ
a free wind.
˳
Not bound, fastened, or attached:
ģġŵĻģ
the free end of a chain.
ķֿ¶
Linguistics Being a vowel in an open syllable unchecked by a consonant, as theo  in go.  
ѧ Ԫģв谭Ԫ,o  go  
adv.ʣ
In a free manner; without restraint.
ɵأɵķʽƵ
Without charge.
ѵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
freed,free.ing,frees 
To set at liberty; make free:
ͷţʹɣ
freed the slaves; free the imagination.
ͷū
To relieve of a burden, an obligation, or a restraint:
ƣ
a people who were at last freed from fear.
ڽ˿־
To remove obstructions or entanglements from; clean:
ӡȥ谭
free a path through the jungle.
ڴһС·
?
for freeʽ
Without charge.
ѵ
?
Middle English fre 
йӢ fre 
from Old English fr?o 
Դ Ӣ fr?o 
V., from Middle English freen 
ʣԴ йӢ freen 
from Old English fr?n [to love, set free] * see  pro- 
Դ Ӣ fr?n [ʹ] *μ pro- 
?
freely
adv.ʣ
freeness
n.ʣ

= =
freedom
free.dom
AHD:[fr?dm] 
D.J.[6fri8d*m]
K.K.[6frid*m]
n.ʣ
The condition of being free of restraints.
ɣڣƵ״̬
Liberty of the person from slavery, detention, or oppression.
˱ūۡѺѹȵ˵
Political independence.
ϵĶ
Possession of civil rights; immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority.
ȨУȨУȨ֮ʹȨ
Exemption from an unpleasant or onerous condition:
ѣ˲鷳״
freedom from want.
ƶ
The capacity to exercise choice; free will:
ѡѡ
We have the freedom to do as we please all afternoon.
ǶԼϲ
Ease or facility of movement:
ж磺ɲĶ
loose sports clothing, giving the wearer freedom.
ɵ˶ʹж
Frankness or boldness; lack of modesty or reserve:
㣺̹ʻ³çȱǫͺ
the new freedom in movies and novels.
ӰС˵µֱӱַ
The right to unrestricted use; full access:
ʹȨƵʹãȨ
was given the freedom of their research facilities.
ʹǵо豸Ȩ
The right of enjoying all of the privileges of membership or citizenship:
ȨлԱȨȨ
the freedom of the city.
Ȩ
?
Middle English fredom 
йӢ fredom 
from Old English fr??m} 
Դ Ӣ fr??m} 
fr?o [free] * see  free 
fr?o [ɵ] *μ free
-d?m [-dom] 
-d?m [-dom׺] 
?
freedom,liberty,license
These nouns refer to the power to act, speak, or think without externally imposed restraints.
ЩʶָǿӵƵжۻ˼Ȩ
 Freedom   is the most general term: 
 Freedom  õĴ 
In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free (Abraham Lincoln). 
ū֮Ǳ֤˵ɡ ǲֿϣ 
The freedom of the press is one of the great bulwarks of liberty (George Mason).
ı֮һ Ρ÷ɭ
 Liberty  is often used interchangeably withfreedom;  often, however, it especially stresses the power of free choice: 
 Liberty  freedom ʹã رǿѡȨ 
liberty of opinion;
˼ɣ
liberty of worship;
ɣ
at liberty to choose whatever occupation she wishes;
ɵѡϣκְҵ
liberty, perfect liberty, to think, feel, do just as one pleases (William Hazlitt).
ȥ롢ȥоȥԼȤκµɣȫɡ أ
 License   sometimes denotes deliberate deviation from normally applicable rules or practices to achieve a desired effect, as in literature or art: 
 License  ζţѧϣΪﵽЧƫͨʵ׼ 
poetic license. Frequently, though, it denotes undue freedom: 
ʫĹɡ ȻͨζŲʵɣ 
the intolerable license with which the newspapers break . . . the rules of decorum (Edmund Burke).
 ֽƻѧ׼ܵƸ ɡˣ

= =
freeze
freeze
AHD:[fr?z] 
D.J.[fri8z]
K.K.[friz]
v.ʣ
froze[fr?z] fro.zen[fr?zn] freez.ing,freez.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass from the liquid to the solid state by loss of heat.
̣ͨʧȥҺ״̬תΪ״̬
To acquire a surface or coat of ice from cold:
ı
The lake froze over in January. Bridges freeze before the adjacent roads.
һ·ݴ˺סűȸ·綳ס
To become clogged or jammed because of the formation of ice:
ڽס
The pipes froze in the basement.
ˮͨ
To be at that degree of temperature at which ice forms:
ﵽ㣺ﵽγʱ¶ȣ
It may freeze tonight.
ܽ
To be killed or harmed by cold or frost:
ˣ˺
They almost froze to death. Mulch keeps garden plants from freezing.
ǼҪˡʹ԰ֲڱ
To be or feel uncomfortably cold:
Ⱥ䣺ûеʵĺ䣺
Aren't you freezing without a coat?
㲻ףѵе?
To become fixed, stuck, or attached by or as if by frost:
̶סס·𱻱̶ճסӣ
The lock froze up with rust.
ס
To become motionless or immobile, as from surprise or attentiveness:
ססע⣩ò˶ֹ
I heard a sound and froze in my tracks.
һŵͣ˽Ų
To become unable to act or react, as from fear:
ס־жӦ
froze in front of the audience.
ڹǰŴ
To become icily silent in manner:
̬ȱ䵭Ĭ
froze at the rebuke.

To become rigid and inflexible; solidify:
֪ͨýӲɶҡ
an opinion that froze into dogma.
Ӳ֮ز
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convert into ice.
ʹ
To cause ice to form upon.
ʹγ
To cause to congeal or stiffen from extreme cold:
ʹڼʹ̻Ӳ
winter cold that froze the ground.
Ķĺ
To preserve (foods, for example) by subjecting to freezing temperatures.
أʳڽ¶ڱ棨ʳ
To damage, kill, or make inoperative by cold or by the formation of ice.
ͨγɶƻʹ
To make very cold; chill.
ʹü䣻е
To immobilize, as with fear or shock.
Ŵڿ־ʹܶ
To chill with an icy or formal manner:
Ա̬ʹģ
froze me with one look.
һƳʹҸеĺ
To stop the motion or progress of:
ʹͣ٣жϡ˶̣
The negotiations were frozen by the refusal of either side to compromise.
˫ܾЭ̸бж
To fix (prices or wages, for example) at a given or current level.
ȶ᣺ʹۻʣ̶һȶеı׼
To prohibit further manufacture or use of.
ֹһʹá
To prevent or restrict the exchange, withdrawal, liquidation, or granting of by governmental action:
ʲȡʩֹơĽתɣ
freeze investment loans during a depression; froze foreign assets held by U.S. banks.
ʱڶͶʴеĹʲ
To capture or preserve a likeness of, as on film.
ץȡ棨Ӱеģͼ
To photograph (a subject) in mid-action so as to produce a still image.
ࣺΪֹӰ˶еģĳ壩
To stop (a moving film) at a particular image.
ʹĳرͼʱжϣڷӳĵӰ
To anesthetize by chilling.
䶳
Sports To keep possession of (a ball or puck) so as to deny an opponent the opportunity to score.
˶ أ򣩶Է÷ֻ
n.ʣ
The act of freezing.
᣺Ķ
The state of being frozen.
ʹ״̬
A spell of cold weather; a frost.
ڣʱڣϺ
A restriction that forbids a quantity from rising above a given or current level:
۵ȣ᣺ֹȶб׼ƣ
a freeze on city jobs; a proposed freeze on the production of nuclear weapons.
йĶ᣻ںĶƻ
?
freeze out
To shut out or exclude, as by cold or unfriendly treatment:
ż䵭ѺõĶԴż
The others tried to freeze me out of the conversation.
ͼż̸֮
?
freeze (someone's) blood
To affect with terror or dread; horrify:
ԿֲӰ죻ʹֲ
a scream that froze my blood.
ʹëȻļ
?
Middle English fresen 
йӢ fresen 
from Old English fr?n * see  preus- 
Դ Ӣ fr?n *μ preus- 
?
freezable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
freight
freight
AHD:[fr3t] 
D.J.[fre!t]
K.K.[fret]
n.Abbr. frt.ʣд frt.
Goods carried by a vessel or vehicle, especially by a commercial carrier; cargo.
ɻָҵ乫˾͵Ļ
A burden; a load.

Commercial transportation of goods.
ˣҵ
The charge for transporting goods.Also called  freightage 
˷ѣ֧ķҲ  freightage
A railway train carrying goods only.
ػĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
freight.ed,freight.ing,freights 
To convey commercially as cargo.
ҵԵͻ
To load with goods to be transported.
װڣװд˵Ļ
To load; charge.See Synonyms at charge 
ʹصʹμ charge
?
Middle English fraught, freight 
йӢ fraught, freight 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
or Middle Low German vracht, vrecht * see  ?ik- 
 йŵ͵ص vracht, vrecht *μ ?ik- 

= =
french
french
AHD:[frnch] 
D.J.[frent.]
K.K.[frWnt.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
frenched,french.ing,french.es 
To cut (green beans, for example) into thin strips before cooking.
ǰ̶ѿгϸ
To trim fat or bone from (a chop, for example).
ͷӣŹϣ޵
?
From French 
Դ French
?
French
French
AHD:[frnch] 
D.J.[frent.]
K.K.[frWnt.]
adj.Abbr. Fr.,F.ݴʣд Fr.,F.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of France or its people or culture.
ڡڻӳ˻򷨹Ļ
Of or relating to the French language.
ڻڷ
n.ʣ
Abbr. Fr.,F.The Romance language of France, parts of Switzerland and Belgium, and other countries formerly under French influence or control.
д Fr.,F.ʿʱһֺǰܷӰƵĹҵ
The people of France.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English frencisc [Frankish] 
Դ Ӣ frencisc [˵] 
from Franca [Frank] * see  Frank 
Դ Franca [] *μ Frank
?
French
FrenchDaniel Chester (1850-1931)
NONE޴ԣ
American sculptor whose many public statues include the seated marble figure of Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
棬˹أ(1850-1931) ܼңڶ֪ƷڻʢֿϼõǲֿϵĴʯ

= =
frequency
fre.quen.cy
AHD:[fr?kwn-s?] 
D.J.[6fri8kw*nsi8]
K.K.[6frikw*nsi]
n.ʣ
 fre.quen.cies д freq.
The property or condition of occurring at frequent intervals.
ƵԣйɼЪֵԻ
Mathematics Physics The number of times a specified phenomenon occurs within a specified interval, as:
ѧ ѧ ƵʣĳضضЪʱڷĴ
The number of repetitions of a complete sequence of values of a periodic function per unit variation of an independent variable.
ƵʣԱ仯һλʱںȡͬһظ
The number of complete cycles of a periodic process occurring per unit time.
λʱڹзĴ
The number of repetitions per unit time of a complete waveform, as of an electric current.
Ƶʣλʱĳظ
Statistics 
ͳѧ 
The number of measurements in an interval of a frequency distribution.
ƵʷֲһƵʷֲڼ
The ratio of the number of times an event occurs in a series of trials of a chance experiment to the number of trials of the experiment performed.
ƵһϵʵżȻһϵʵĴı
?
Latin frequentia [multitude] 
 frequentia [ڶ] 
from frequ?s  frequent- [crowded, numerous, frequent] 
Դ frequ?s  frequent- [ģΪڶģƵ] 

= =
frequent
fre.quent
AHD:[fr?kwnt] 
D.J.[6fri8kw*nt]
K.K.[6frikw*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring or appearing quite often or at close intervals:
ģʱЪ̵ܶķ֣
frequent errors of judgment.
жоֵĴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fre.quent.ed,fre.quent.ing,fre.quentsҲ [fr?-kwnt]  
To pay frequent visits to; be in or at often:
ʱ룺ƵķʣǶ򳣳֣
frequent a restaurant.
ȥķ
?
Middle English [ample, profuse] 
йӢ [ḻģƵ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin frequ?s  frequent- [crowded, numerous, frequent] 
Դ  frequ?s  frequent- [ӵģģ] 
?
frequentation
n.ʣ
frequenter
AHD:[-kwntr] ʣ
frequentness
n.ʣ

= =
frequently
fre.quent.ly
AHD:[fr?kwnt-l?] 
D.J.[6fri8kw*ntli8]
K.K.[6frikw*ntli]
adv.Abbr. freq.ʣд freq.
At frequent intervals; often.
Ƶأ

= =
fresh
fresh
AHD:[frsh] 
D.J.[fre.]
K.K.[frW.]
adj.ݴʣ
fresh.er,fresh.est 
New to one's experience; not encountered before.
ʵģδģĳ˾µģǰû
Novel; different:
صģͬģ
a fresh slant on the problem.See Synonyms at new 
Դ¹۵μ new
Recently made, produced, or harvested; not stale or spoiled:
ģġĻջģǳ¾ɵĻǸõģ
fresh bread.

Not preserved, as by canning, smoking, or freezing:
ʵģͨװѬضģ
fresh vegetables.
߲
Not saline or salty:
̵Ļյģ
fresh water.
ˮ
Not yet used or soiled; clean:
ûùģɾģ
a fresh sheet of paper.
һŸɾֽ
Free from impurity or pollution; pure:
δùģɾģûȾĻǲģģ
fresh air.
µĿ
Additional; new:
ӵģµģ
fresh evidence.
֤
Bright and clear; not dull or faded:
ģģĻɾģɫģ
a fresh memory.
ļ
Having the glowing, unspoiled appearance of youth:
ģݹģйδƻò
a fresh complexion.
ݹķɫ
Untried; inexperienced:
ûģģ
fresh recruits.
±
Having just arrived; straight:
յģֱӵģ
fashions fresh from Paris.
ֱ԰ʱװ
Revived or reinvigorated; refreshed:
ָĻģģ
I was fresh as a daisy after the nap.
С˯ҵľΪ֮һ
Fairly strong; brisk:
ǳǿ׳ģʢģ
a fresh wind.
ǿķ
Informal Bold and saucy; impudent.
ʽ ³çģֱĺ³çģ޳ܵ
Having recently calved and therefore with milk. Used of a cow.
СţģСţ̵ġţ
adv.ʣ
Recently; newly:
أ½أ
fresh out of milk; muffins baked fresh daily.
մţȡģÿ¿Сɱ
n.ʣ
The early part:
ǰ沿֣
the fresh of the day.
峿
A freshet.
ˮϪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fersc [pure, not salty] 
Դ Ӣ fersc [ģ̵] 
and from Old French freis  feminine fresche 
Դ ŷ freis  Դ fresche 
[new, recent] 
[µģ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
freshly
adv.ʣ
freshness
n.ʣ

= =
friction
fric.tion
AHD:[fr1kshn] 
D.J.[6fr!k.*n]
K.K.[6fr!k.*n]
n.ʣ
The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
Ħһһı滥Ħ
Conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests; clash.
ìܣ֮䲻ͬĹ۵ɵĳͻִ
Physics A force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact.
ѧ ĦһֹӴ֮λƶķ
?
Latin fricti?}  fricti?n- 
 fricti?}  fricti?n- 
from frictus [past participle of] fric3re [to rub] 
Դ frictus  [] fric3reĹȥִ [Ħ] 
?
frictional
adj.ݴʣ
frictionally
adv.ʣ

= =
fridge
fridge
AHD:[fr1j] 
D.J.[fr!d9]
K.K.[fr!d9]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A refrigerator.


= =
friend
friend
AHD:[frnd] 
D.J.[frend]
K.K.[frWnd]
n.ʣ
A person whom one knows, likes, and trusts.
ѣһʶϲŵ
A person whom one knows; an acquaintance.
ʶߣˣһʶˣ
A person with whom one is allied in a struggle or cause; a comrade.
ͬ־ͬ£һΪͬһ¶Ϲͬܶˣͬ־
One who supports, sympathizes with, or patronizes a group, cause, or movement:
ӵߣ֧ߣʾ֧֡ͬĳ塢˶ˣ
friends of the clean air movement.
˶֧
Friend A member of the Society of Friends; a Quaker.
 Friend Աͽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
friend.ed,friend.ing,friends  
To befriend.
Ѻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fr?d * see  pro- 
Դ Ӣ fr?d *μ pro- 
?
friendless
adj.ݴʣ
friendlessness
n.ʣ

= =
friendly
friend.ly
AHD:[frndl?] 
D.J.[6frendli8]
K.K.[6frWndli]
adj.ݴʣ
friend.li.er,friend.li.est 
Of, relating to, or befitting a friend:
ѺõģѵġйصĻʺѵģ
friendly advice.
ѺõĽ
Favorably disposed; not antagonistic:
Ƶģʾ͵ģԵģ
a government friendly to our interests.

Warm; comforting.
ůģʵ
Computer Science User-friendly.
ѧ ûѺõģûյ
Informal Easy to understand or use for a specified agent. Often used in combination:
ʽ ׵ģױĳЩضʹõġںϳɴʣ
a reader-friendly novel; a consumer-friendly policy.
С˵ߵƶ
adv.ʣ
In the manner of a friend; amicably.
ѰأѺõأܵأƵ
n.ʣ
 friend.lies ʽ 
One fighting on or favorable to one's own side:
֧ߣΪĳһս֧ĳһˣ
If I read this right, you're the only friendly we have there right now(Tom Clancy)
ȷĻĿǰΨһ֧ߡ(ķ)
?
friendlily
adv.ʣ
friendliness
n.ʣ

= =
friendship
friend.ship
AHD:[frndsh1p] 
D.J.[6frend7.!p]
K.K.[6frWnd7.!p]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being friends.
꣺˴˵ѵ
A friendly relationship:
ƵĹϵ
formed many new friendships over the summer.
ʱܶ
Friendliness; good will:
ƣ⣺
a policy of friendship toward other nations.
ұʾƵ

= =
frighten
fright.en
AHD:[frotn] 
D.J.[6fra!tn]
K.K.[6fra!t2]
v.ʣ
fright.ened,fright.en.ing,fright.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill with fear; alarm.
־壻
To drive or force by arousing fear:
ÿǿȣ
The suspect was frightened into confessing.
ɷڱƹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become afraid.
ú
?
frightener
n.ʣ
frighteningly
adv.ʣ
?
frighten,scare,alarm,terrify,terrorize,startle,panic
These verbs mean to cause a person to experience fear.
Щ˼ʹһ˸е¡
 Frighten  and the less formalscare  are the most widely applicable terms:  
 Frighten  Ͳ̫ʽscare õĴʣ  
Better be killed than frightened to death (Robert Smith Surtees). 
ɱҲȱǿ ޲ءʷ˹ɪ˹ 
Don't let the size of the task scare you.
ô񣬱Ż㡣
Alarm  implies the often sudden onset of fear or apprehension: 
Alarm  ʾ־ǵľԵͻȻ֣ 
Her sudden and inexplicable loss of weight alarmed her doctor.
ͻȻ˷ѽļŻҽ
Terrify  implies overwhelming, often paralyzing fear: 
Terrify  ʾ޷ֿġ̱Ŀ־壺 
The regulars, terrified by the yells of the Indians . . . gathered themselves into a body (George Bancroft).
Ǳӡ˵ŭŻˡһš Ρ޷أ
 Terrorize  implies fear that intimidates;the word sometimes suggests deliberate coercion: 
 Terrorize  ʾв£˴ʱָǿƻѹͳΣ 
premeditated and systematized terrorizing of the civil populations (Edith Wharton).
мƻ֯ؿƹ˿ڡ ˿ֶ٣
 Startle  suggests fear that shocks momentarilyand may cause a sudden, involuntary movement of the body: 
 Startle  ָʱڽ𾪵Ŀ־壬ͻȻĲ岻ܶ 
The clap of thunder startled us.
ҡ
Panic  implies sudden frantic fear that often impairs self-control and rationality: 
Panic  ʾͻȻֵĿҵĿ־峣Ӱ쵽Կػǣ 
The radio drama was so realistic that it panicked listeners who tuned in after it had begun. 
ⲿ㲥˱ƽʵʹڿֻ 

= =
fringe
fringe
AHD:[fr1nj] 
D.J.[fr!nd9]
K.K.[fr!nd9]
n.ʣ
A decorative border or edging of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band.
루ԵΣһװԵıԵд뵥һ
Something that resembles such a border or edging.
״ֱԵƵĶ
A marginal, peripheral, or secondary part:
ҪΧܱߵġԵĻҪĲ֣
They like to hang out on the geographical fringes, the seedy outposts(James Atlas)
ϲȥƫƧͰƫԶ䡱(ղķ˹˹)
Those members of a group or political party holding extreme views:
ƫˣĳһƫ۵˻
the lunatic fringe.
˷
Any of the light or dark bands produced by the diffraction or interference of light.
ѧƣڹγɵĻ򰵵
A fringe benefit.
Ӹ⸣
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fringed,fring.ing,fring.es 
To decorate with or as if with a fringe:
ڣûװΣ
The weaver fringed the edge of the scarf.
֯Χװ
To serve as a fringe to:
ǡıԵԵΣ
Ferns fringed the pool.
Χֲ
?
Middle English frenge 
йӢ frenge 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *frimbia 
Դ  *frimbia 
alteration of Late Latin fimbria * see  fimbria 
  fimbriaı仯 *μ fimbria
?
fringy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
frog
frog
AHD:[fr?g, fr?g] 
D.J.[fr%8g, frKg]
K.K.[fr%g, fr$g]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous tailless, aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial amphibians of the order Anura and especially of the family Ranidae, characteristically having a smooth, moist skin, webbed 
feet, and long hind legs adapted for leaping.
ܣһβˮˮ½ܶβĿܿƣ⻬ʪƤ޳ĺΪ
A wedge-shaped, horny prominence in the sole of a horse's hoof.
棺ײШνʵ
A loop fastened to a belt to hold a tool or weapon.
̶˩߻Ļ
An ornamental looped braid or cord with a button or knot for fastening the front of a garment.
Ķοۣһϵס·ǰװԿۻ۽
A device on intersecting railroad tracks that permits wheels to cross the junction.
޲棺װڻཻʹִӴװ
A spiked or perforated device used to support stems in a flower arrangement.
廨֧ܣ廨ʱԹ̶п׵װ
Informal Hoarseness or phlegm in the throat.
ʽ ʹճ̵
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a French person.
 ٵ ˣӷ˵˵
?
Middle English frogge 
йӢ frogge 
from Old English frogga 
Դ Ӣ frogga 

= =
from
from
AHD:[fr?m, fr?m] [frm] ضʱ 
D.J.[frJm, frKm][fr*m]ضʱ 
K.K.[frJm, fr$m][fr*m]ضʱ 
prep.Abbr. fm.,fr.ʣд fm.,fr.
Used to indicate a specified place or time as a starting point:
ӣʾΪضصʱ䣺
walked home from the station; from six o'clock on.See Usage Note at escape See Usage Note at whence 
Ӽߵվӿʼμ escapeμ whence
Used to indicate a specified point as the first of two limits:
ӡָһضΪ޵ǰһ
from grades four to six.
ļ
Used to indicate a source, a cause, an agent, or an instrument:
ڣָԴ򡢷þߣ
a note from the teacher; taking a book from the shelf.
ʦдӼñ
Used to indicate separation, removal, or exclusion:
뿪 Աʾ롢תƻų
keep someone from making a mistake; liberation from bondage.
ĳ˷󣻽⿪
Used to indicate differentiation:
Աʾ
know right from wrong.

Because of:
Ϊ
faint from hunger.

?
from awayݡ
Not native to Maine.
ݵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ *μ per 1

= =
front
front
AHD:[fr?nt] 
D.J.[frJnt]
K.K.[frJnt]
n.ʣ
The forward part or surface, as of a building.
ǰ棺ǰ沿ֻ沿ָ֣
The area, location, or position directly before or ahead.
ǰֱǰĵλλ
A position of leadership or superiority.
ϼ쵼쵼ලλ
The forehead or face, especially of a bird or other animal.
ǰָǰ
Demeanor or bearing, especially in the presence of danger or difficulty.
ֹ̬ȣָΣջʱΪֹ
An outward, often feigned, appearance or manner:
װģαװһġװıֹֻ
They put up a good front.
װ̬
Land bordering a lake, river, or street.
ӡ·ߵ
A promenade along the water at a resort.
еȼˮߵɢ
A detachable part of a man's dress shirt covering the chest; a dickey.
·ǰأ˳صԶ֣
The most forward line of a combat force.
ǰأǰߣսǰ
The area of contact between opposing combat forces; a battlefront.
أж˫ĵսǰ
Meteorology The interface between air masses of different temperatures or densities.
ѧ 棺ͬ¶ȡܶȵŽ紦
A field of activity:
򣬻
the economic front.

A group or movement uniting various individuals or organizations for the achievement of a common purpose; a coalition.
ߣˣϲͬ˻֯Ϊ˹ͬĿ
A nominal leader lacking in real authority; a figurehead.
ԣܣûʵȨϵ쵼
An apparently respectable person, group, or business used as a cover for secret or illegal activities.
ڻֵ𾴵ˡҵʵı򲻷ڸ
Archaic 
 
The first part; the beginning.
һ֣ʼ
The face; the countenance.

adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, aimed at, or located in the front:
ǰģǰġǰйصġָǰĻǰģ
the front lines; the front row; front property on Lake Tahoe.
ǰߣǰţǰĵز
Linguistics Designating vowels produced at or toward the front of the oral cavity, such as the vowels ofgreen  and get.  
ѧ ǰԪģʾɿǻǰԪgreen  get Ԫ 
v.ʣ
front.ed,front.ing,fronts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look out on; face:
ԣ
a house that fronts the ocean.
溣ķ
To meet in opposition; confront.See Synonyms at defy 
ϣʹԲμ defy
To provide a front for.
ṩ
To serve as a front for.
䵱
Music To lead (a group of musicians):
֡ 죨һȺˣ
Goodman . . . became the first major white bandleader to front an integrated group(Bill Barol)
ŵΪ쵼ŵϯֶָӡ(ȶ޶)
Informal To provide before payment:
ʽ Ԥڸ֮ǰ裺
In . . . personal liability suits, a lawyer is fronting both time and money(Richard Faille)
ڸ˸ծУʦԤʱͽǮ(¡Ү)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a front; face onto something else:

Her property fronts on the highway.
سŸٹ·
To provide an apparently respectable cover for secret or illegal activities:
̻Σı򲻷Բٵıӻ
fronting for organized crime.
Ϊ֯ķڻ
interj.̾ʣ
Used by a desk clerk in a hotel to summon a bellhop.
ùݵĹ̨Աк
?
front and center
In the most prominent position.
ͻλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fr?s  front- 
Դ  fr?s  front- 

= =
frontier
fron.tier
AHD:[fr?n-t?r, fr?n-, fr?nt?r, fr?n-] 
D.J.[frJn6t!*, frKn-, 6frJn7t!*, 6frKn-]
K.K.[frJn6t!r, fr$n-, 6frJn7t!r, 6fr$n-]
n.ʣ
An international border.
磺ҼĽ
The area along an international border.See Synonyms at boundary 
߾عĵμ boundary
A region just beyond or at the edge of a settled area.
Եشոճǡĳضĵش
An undeveloped area or field for discovery or research:
ԵдڿоĲ
theories on the frontier of astrophysics.
ѧ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
δʣһʣ
frontier towns; frontier law.
߾򣻱߾
?
Middle English frountier 
йӢ frountier 
from Old French frontier 
Դ ŷ frontier 
from front [forehead, front] * see  front 
Դ front [ǰǰ] *μ front

= =
frost
frost
AHD:[fr?st, fr?st] 
D.J.[fr%8st, frKst]
K.K.[fr%st, fr$st]
n.ʣ
A deposit of minute ice crystals formed when water vapor condenses at a temperature below freezing.
˪µʱˮϸСĳ
A temperature low enough to cause freezing.
µ¶ȣ͵Խ¶
The process of freezing.
Ĺ
A cold or icy manner.
̬
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
the frost season; frost damage to crops.
ڣ˪ׯ
v.ʣ
frost.ed,frost.ing,frosts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with frost.
˪
To damage or kill by frost.
˪𺦻ɱ
To cover (glass, for example) with a roughened or speckled decorative surface.
ʹϣǣ粣棬ʹֲڻСߵ
To cover or decorate with icing:
˪˪ǻװΣ
frost a cake.
ڵ˪
Slang To anger or upset:
ٵ ʹ򲻰
What really frosted me about the incident was the fact that you lied.
˵˻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become covered with or as if with frost.
ʹģøϻǸһ˪
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  preus- 
Դ Ӣ *μ preus- 
?
Frost
Frost
AHD:[fr?st, fr?st] Robert Lee (1874-1963) 
D.J.[fr%8st, frKst]
K.K.[fr%st, fr$st]
NONE޴ԣ
American poet whose deceptively simple works, often set in rural New England, explore the relationships between individuals and between people and nature. His collections includeA 
Boy's Will  (1913) and In the Clearing  (1962). 
˹أ޲ء(1874-1963) ʫˡĿƼ򵥵ƷӢũΪ̽˼Ȼ֮Ĺϵȫ־ 1913꣩ 
ּյء 1962꣩ 

= =
frown
frown
AHD:[froun] 
D.J.[fra&n]
K.K.[fra&n]
v.ʣ
frowned,frown.ing,frowns 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wrinkle the brow, as in thought or displeasure.
ü˼򲻸ʱüë
To regard something with disapproval or distaste:
ͬĳ£
frowned on the use of so much salt in the food.
ͬʳô
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express (disapproval, for example) by wrinkling the brow.
ͨüʾ޳ɣ
n.ʣ
A wrinkling of the brow in thought or displeasure; a scowl.
ü˼򲻸ʱüӣü
?
Middle English frounen 
йӢ frounen 
from Old French froigner [to turn up one's nose] 
Դ ŷ froigner [ĳ˵ı] 
from frogne [grimace] 
Դ frogne [] 
[of Celtic origin] 
[ԴԿ] 
?
frowner
n.ʣ
frowningly
adv.ʣ
?
frown,glower,lower,scowl
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to contract the brows in displeasure: 
Щʹе˼ǡ˵ü 
frowns when he is annoyed;
ʱü
glowered sullenly at being interrupted;
ڱͻȻü
lowering at the rambunctious child;
Բĺüͷ
scowled at me when I came home late. 
һؼʱüͷ 
?
Caesar's division of Gaul into three parts used to be known by every child who learned Latin,but perhaps even classically trained schoolchildren did not always realize that in spite of 
the conquest of Gaul by the Romans, some Gaulish elements lived on, such as our wordfrown.  This word is descended from Gaulish, a Celtic language that is related to Welsh and 
Irish. Frown,  first recorded in Middle English in a work composed around 1395,came from Old Frenchfroigner, which meant to turn up one's nose. The Old French word was derived 
fromfrogne,  grimace, which in turn came from the hypothetical Gaulish word.frogna,  nose, which is related to Welshffroen,  nose, and Old Irish sr?,  nose. 
ÿһѧĵĺӶָ֪¬¬¬ණȻڣfrown ¼ʹѧУﰴͳʽĺӶ֪һ
ˡ ˴Ը¬һʿͰйصĿ Frown  ȼһԼ1359Ӣ飬Թŷfroigner Ϊĳ˵ıӡ ŷ
Դfrogne  Դܲĸ¬ʡfrogna Ϊӡ ʿffroen ӡŰ sron Ϊӡй 

= =
fruit
fruit
AHD:[fr?t] 
D.J.[fru8t]
K.K.[frut]
n.ʣ
 fruit  fruits  
The ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant, together with accessory parts, containing the seeds and occurring in a wide variety of forms.
ʵֲ̬ӷѵֲӷи
An edible, usually sweet and fleshy form of such a structure.
ˮ˽ṹĿʳ̬ͨʵҴζ
A part or an amount of such a plant product, served as food:
ˮʳֻĴֲƷʳ
fruit for dessert.
ˮˮ
The fertile, often spore-bearing structure of a plant that does not bear seeds.
ֲӹʵֲķֳ֣ѿߵ
A plant crop or product:
һũƷ
the fruits of the earth.
ũ
Result; outcome:

the fruit of their labor.
ǵͶɹ
Offspring; progeny.
̣
A fruity aroma or flavor in a wine.
еĹζζ
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a gay or homosexual man.
 ٵ ͬ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
fruit trees; fruit growers.

v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
fruit.ed,fruit.ing,fruits 
To produce or cause to produce fruit.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin fr?s [enjoyment, fruit] [from past participle of] fruo [to enjoy] 
Դ  fr?s [֣ˮ]  [] ԴfruoĹȥִ [] 

= =
fruitful
fruit.ful
AHD:[fr?tfl] 
D.J.[6fru8tf*l]
K.K.[6frutf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Producing fruit.
ʵ
Conducive to productivity; causing to bear in abundance:
ֵģڶģʹḻģ
fruitful soil.

Producing something in abundance; prolific:
˶۵ģĳģģ
a fruitful author of fiction.
С˵
Producing results; profitable.See Synonyms at fertile 
ģĲμ fertile
?
fruitfully
adv.ʣ
fruitfulness
n.ʣ

= =
frustrate
frus.trate
AHD:[fr?str3t] 
D.J.[6frJs7tre!t]
K.K.[6frJs7tret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
frus.trat.ed,frus.trat.ing,frus.trates 
To prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; thwart:
谭ʹܴﵽĿĻԸӣ
A persistent wind frustrated my attempt to rake the lawn.
ͣķ谭ƺĴ
To cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in.
ɥܴй
To make ineffectual or invalid; nullify.
ʹЧãʹЧ
?
Middle English frustraten 
йӢ frustraten 
from Latin fr?3ro}  fr?str3t- 
Դ  fr?3ro}  fr?str3t- 
from fr?3} [in vain] 
Դ fr?3} [ͽ͵] 
?
frustrater
n.ʣ
frustratingly
adv.ʣ
?
frustrate,thwart,foil,balk
These verbs mean to prevent the attainment or fulfillment of a goal or purpose.Tofrustrate  is to cause to be completely unavailing:  
Щʾָ谭ĳĿĴﵽĿĵĻáFrustrate ʹȫͽ͵ģ  
A poor memory frustrated her efforts to become an actress.
ļ谭ΪŮԱ
Thwart  suggests defeat by direct opposition: 
Thwart  ʾֱӵķܣ 
He was thwarted at every step by political obstacles (William E.H. Lecky).Tofoil  is to defeat by or as if by outwitting, confounding, or disconcerting:  
ÿһܵӡ EHFoil ƺƭ򾪻Żܣ  
The conspirators will be foiled in their intrigue.
ıҵıܡ
Balk   implies the placing of barriers or hindrances in another's way: 
Balk  ʾڱ˵·ϰ 
Time after time our hopes are balked (Herbert Spencer).
ǵϣһһεܴ족 ղء˹

= =
fry
fry 1
AHD:[fro] 
D.J.[fra!]
K.K.[fra!]
v.ʣ
fried,fry.ing,fries[froz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cook over direct heat in hot oil or fat.
ըֱͻ״
Slang To destroy (electronic circuitry) with excessive heat or current:
ٵ ջ٣ͨ»ǿƻ·
a power surge to the computer that fried a number of sensitive electronic components(Erik Sandberg-Diment)
ԴջһЩеĵԪ(ˡɣ²񡪵â)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be cooked in a pan over direct heat in hot oil or fat.
ըֱڹͻ״б
Slang To undergo execution in an electric chair.
ٵ ̣ڵܼ
n.ʣ
 fries[froz]  
A French fry. Often used in the plural.
һַըʳƷø
A dish of a fried food.
һըʳƷ
A social gathering at which food is fried and eaten:
һըʳƷ۲ͻ᣺
a fish fry.
ը
?
Middle English frien 
йӢ frien 
from Old French frire 
Դ ŷ frire 
from Latin froe 
Դ  froe 
?
fry
fry 2
AHD:[fro] 
D.J.[fra!]
K.K.[fra!]
pl.n.ʣ
Small fish, especially young, recently hatched fish.
磺С㣬ָշС
The young of certain other animals.
ޣĳֶС
Individuals, especially young or insignificant persons:
СǣָҪˣ
These pampered public school boys . . . had managed to evade the long prison sentences that lesser fry were serving(Noel Annan)
Щ軵˵ĹѧУкǡѾ˺˵ĳͽ̡(ŵ)
?
Middle English fri 
йӢ fri 
probably from Anglo-Norman frie 
Դ Ӣ frie 
from frier [to rub] 
Դ frier [Ħ] 
from Latin fric3e 
Դ  fric3e 
?
Fry
Fry
AHD:[fro] Christopher (Born 1907) 
D.J.[fra!]
K.K.[fra!]
NONE޴ԣ
British playwright who revitalized modern verse drama with his comic and religious works, such asA Phoenix Too Frequent  (1946) and Curtmantle  (1962). 
˹з( 1907) ӢңϲڽľʹִʫԸգҪƷ硶˳ 1946꣩ ض 1962꣩ 
?
Fry
FryElizabeth Gurney (1780-1845)
NONE޴ԣ
British philanthropist who promoted prison reforms, particularly for women inmates.
ɯס᣺(1780-1845) ӢƼҡĸŮ
?
Fry
FryRoger Eliot (1866-1934)
NONE޴ԣ
British art critic and painter who advocated the artistic principles of the postimpressionists.
޽ܡأ(1866-1934) ӢҺͻҡᳫӡ滭ԭ

= =
fuel
fu.el
AHD:[fy?l] 
D.J.[6fju8*l]
K.K.[6fju*l]
n.ʣ
Something consumed to produce energy, especially:
ȼϣĳﱻԲָ
A material such as wood, coal, gas, or oil burned to produce heat or power.
ȼռľͷúȻʯ͵ȼȲҲ
Fissionable material used in a nuclear reactor.
ѱʣں˷ӦеĿɷԲ
Nutritive material metabolized by a living organism; food.
ʳʶĵӪʳ
Something that maintains or stimulates an activity or emotion:
̼أֻĶ
Money is the fuel of a volunteer organization(Natalie de Combray)
ǮǴٳԷϵĶ(򡤵¡ķ)
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a fuel pump; fuel tanks.
ȼϱãʹȼϵ̹
v.ʣ
fu.eled Ҳ fu.elled fu.el.ing fu.el.ling fu.els fu.els  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with fuel.
ȼ
To support or stimulate the activity or existence of:
ֻ֧̼ڣ
rhetoric that fueled the dissenters.
̼ߵķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take in fuel.
ȼ
?
Middle English feuel 
йӢ feuel 
from Old French fouaille, feuaile 
Դ ŷ fouaille, feuaile 
from Vulgar Latin *foc3a [neuter pl. of] .foc3lis [of the hearth or fireplace] 
Դ  *foc3a  [] foc3lisԸ [¯ӵĻ¯] 
from Latin focus [hearth, fireplace] 
Դ  focus [¯ӣ¯] 
?
fueler
n.ʣ

= =
full
full 1
AHD:[f?l] 
D.J.[f&l]
K.K.[f&l]
adj.ݴʣ
full.er,full.est 
Containing all that is normal or possible:
ģģ򾡿ܶģ
a full pail.
װͰ
Complete in every particular:
ȫģģÿһϸڶģ
a full account.

Baseball 
 
Amounting to three balls and two strikes. Used of a count.
ģͶλеġڼ
Having a base runner at first, second, and third base:
ݵģһݡݡԱģ
The bases were full when the slugger stepped up to bat.
ǿϳʱ
Of maximum or highest degree:
̶߳ȵģ
at full speed.
ȫ
Being at the peak of development or maturity:
۷ģڷչ۷壺
in full bloom.
ʢ
Having a great deal or many:
Ļģ
a book full of errors.
ٳ
Totally qualified, accepted, or empowered:
ʸģϿɵģȫʸġȫܵĻɵģ
a full member of the club.
ֲʽԱ
Rounded in shape; plump:
ԲĹĵģģ
a full figure.

Having or made with a generous amount of fabric:
ɵģ޵ģлôƳɵģ
full draperies.
޵
Having an appetite completely satisfied, especially for food or drink:
Աģָʹʳõģʳϣ
was full after the Thanksgiving dinner.
жϳԵñ
Providing an abundance, especially of food.
ģָʳ﹩Ӧ
Having depth and body; rich:
Ⱥǿȵģģ
a full aroma; full tones.
Ũɤ
Completely absorbed or preoccupied:
ȤĻȫעģ
He was already pretty full of himself(Ron Rosenbaum)
ȫ֮С(޶ɭķ)
Possessing both parents in common:
ͬĸģ
full brothers; full sisters.
ֵͬܣͬ
adv.ʣ
To a complete extent; entirely:
ȫأֵأ
knowing full well.
˽÷ǳ
Exactly; directly:
ȷأֱӵأ
full in the path of the moon.
¹
v.ʣ
fulled,full.ing,fulls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a garment) full, as by pleating or gathering.
ʹ·ɣѣ·޻£ʹ֮
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become full. Used of the moon.
Բָ
n.ʣ
The maximum or complete size or amount:

repaid in full.
ȫ
The highest degree or state:
㣬ʢ̶߳Ȼ״̬
living life to the full.

?
Middle English ful 
йӢ ful 
from Old English full * see  pel- 1
Դ Ӣ full *μ pel- 1
?
fullness  
fulness
n.ʣ
?
full
full 2
AHD:[f?l] 
D.J.[f&l]
K.K.[f&l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fulled,full.ing,fulls 
To increase the weight and bulk of (cloth) by shrinking and beating or pressing.
ءޣͨˮӣϵģͺ
?
Middle English fullen 
йӢ fullen 
from Old French fouler 
Դ ŷ fouler 
from Vulgar Latin *full3e 
Դ  *full3e 
from Latin full?} [fuller] * see  bhel- 2
Դ  full?} [޹] *μ bhel- 2

= =
fun
fun
AHD:[f?n] 
D.J.[fJn]
K.K.[fJn]
n.ʣ
A source of enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure.
ֻֵܻ֡Ļ
Enjoyment; amusement:
죻ģ
have fun at the beach.
ں̲úܿ
Playful, often noisy, activity.
֣ϷġֵĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
funned,fun.ning,funs ʽ 
To behave playfully; joke.
֣Ц
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Enjoyable; amusing:
ʹģĵģ
You're a real fun guy(Margaret Truman)
ǸȤˡ(ء³)
?
for fun 
in fun
As a joke; playfully.
ѰȤЦģЦ
?
Possibly from fon [to make a fool of] 
Դ fon [Ц] 
from Middle English fonnen [to fool] 
Դ йӢ fonnen [Ū] 
possibly from fonne [fool] 
Դ fonne [ɵ] 
?
The use offun  as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place,  most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski,  wherefun  
behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing  or swell.  The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-
century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 
'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: 
fun Ϊݴʹã һʱ⣬һֳ  пԴڶԴ˴ĳЩ÷Цٷ绬ѩ Ӿ䷨ fun ÷ amusing 
 swell ֮ݴʡ ֤ݱ19;ͳ÷ˣʼȴ1950,60Ȼ˴ʵ㺬˻ɶԷǷڴȤٷ
ʣ磬ھa whole 'nother һ ÷ĺ嶼ʧȥ֮󣬻һֱʹ˵緢ϢʱʹҲκλζˣ 
The corporation believes that a spelling bee is a fun way to emphasize the critical importance of good basic communication skills in America's workplace. 
˾ΪƴֱǿöĽʱҪԵһȤеֶΡ 
The day may come when this usage is entirely unremarkable,just as the wordtalkative  has lost all taint of its originally jocular formation from the attachment of a Latinate suffix to a 
native Anglo-Saxon root. At present, however, the attributive use offun  may still raise eyebrows, and writers who want to stay on the safe side are advised to avoid it in contexts in 
which a light tone would not be appropriate.
Ҳһ죬һ÷ȫעˣ絥talkative ׺밻³-ѷʸɴʱôдȤζʧȥеıˡ Ȼ
ʹfun пܵ⣬ ΪҲɵԵò̫Эʹøô

= =
function
func.tion
AHD:[f?ngkshn] 
D.J.[6fJ0k.*n]
K.K.[6fJ0k.*n]
n.ʣ
The action for which one is particularly fitted or employed.
ãܣرʺĳ˻ĳµΪ
Assigned duty or activity.
ְְ𣺷ɵְָĻ
A specific occupation or role:
ɫְҵضĹɫ
in my function as chief editor.
ҵܱ༭ְλ
An official ceremony or a formal social occasion.
شۻᣬ䣺ٷʽ罻
Something closely related to another thing and dependent on it for its existence, value, or significance:
ӦһĴڡֵҪԵص
Growth is a function of nutrition.
Ӫ
Abbr. fMathematics 
д fѧ 
A variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other.
ӦһйıһеκһֵҵӦĹ̶ֵ
A rule of correspondence between two sets such that there is a unique element in the second set assigned to each element in the first set.
ԪһһӦĹ򣬵һеÿԪڵڶֻΨһĶӦ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
func.tioned,func.tion.ing,func.tions 
To have or perform a function; serve:
лãʹְ
functioned as ambassador.
ʹʹְ
?
Latin f??}  f?ncti?n- [performance, execution] 
 f??}  f?ncti?n- [Уʵʩ] 
from f?s [past participle of] fungo [to perform, execute] 
Դ f?s  [] fungoĹȥִ [ȥУȥʵʩ] 
?
functionless
adj.ݴʣ
?
function,duty,office,role
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the actions and activities assigned to, required of, or expected of a person: 
Ще˼ǡָɸҪĳɵж 
the function of a teacher;
ʦã
a bank clerk's duty;
ְԱְ
assumed the office of financial adviser;
βְ
the role of a parent. 
ĸְ 

= =
fund
fund
AHD:[f?nd] 
D.J.[fJnd]
K.K.[fJnd]
n.ʣ
A source of supply; a stock:
ӦԴ
a fund of goodwill.
ƴ
A sum of money or other resources set aside for a specific purpose:
ΪضĿĶǮ
a pension fund.
ݻ
funds Available money; ready cash:
 funds ֽԤ
short on funds.
ֽȱ
funds The stock of the British permanent national debt, considered as public securities. Used withthe.  
 funds ծӢùծƱм֤ȯʹáthe  
An organization established to administer and manage a sum of money.
ڹͰʽĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fund.ed,fund.ing,funds 
To provide money for paying off the interest or principal of (a debt).
ծϢ򱾽
To convert into a long-term or floating debt with fixed interest payments.
תΪڣתΪй̶Ϣĳڽծ
To place in a fund for accumulation.
ۣۣΪ۶ʽ
To furnish a fund for:
Ϊṩʽ
funded the space program.
̫ռƻ
?
Latin fundus [bottom, piece of land] 
 fundus [׶ˣһƬ] 

= =
fundamental
fun.da.men.tal
AHD:[f?nd-mntl] 
D.J.[7fJnd*6mentl]
K.K.[7fJnd*6mWnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the foundation or base; elementary:
ģĻйصģģ
the fundamental laws of the universe.
Ļ
Forming or serving as an essential component of a system or structure; central:
ҪģγɻΪϵͳṹҪɲֵģ
an example that was fundamental to the argument.
۾еһҪ֤
Of great significance or entailing major change:
ʮҪģҪĻش仯ģ
a book that underwent fundamental revision.
ش޶һ
Physics 
ѧ 
Of or relating to the component of lowest frequency of a periodic wave or quantity.
ģڲƵʵķĻйص
Of or relating to the lowest possible frequency of a vibrating element or system.
ػϵƵ
Music Having the root in the bass:
֡ ģ
a fundamental chord.

n.ʣ
Something that is an essential or necessary part of a system or object.
ϵͳＫҪزȱĲ
Physics The lowest frequency of a periodically varying quantity or of a vibrating system.
ѧ Ƶڱ仯ϵͳƵ
?
fundamentally
adv.ʣ

= =
funeral
fu.ner.al
AHD:[fy?nr-l] 
D.J.[6fju8n*r*l]
K.K.[6fjun*r*l]
n.ʣ
The ceremonies held in connection with the burial or cremation of a dead person.
йضеʽ
Archaic The eulogy delivered or the sermon preached at such a ceremony.
 ģϵĲ򵿴
The burial procession accompanying a body to the grave.
УߵĹȥĳ
An end or a cessation of existence.
ֹ
Slang A source of concern or care:
ٵ 鷳£ù£
If he doesn't meet the deadline, it's his funeral.
Ҫһ̻кùӳԵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or resembling a funeral.
ģġйصĻ
?
Middle English funerelles [funeral rites] 
йӢ funerelles [ʽ] 
from Old French funerailles 
Դ ŷ funerailles 
from Medieval Latin f?3lia} [neuter pl. of] f?ner3lis [funereal] 
Դ  f?3lia}  [] f?ner3lisԸ [] 
from Late Latin 
Դ  
from Latin f?s  f?ner- [death rites] 
Դ  f?s  f?ner- [] 

= =
funny
fun.ny
AHD:[f?n?] 
D.J.[6fJni8]
K.K.[6fJni]
adj.ݴʣ
fun.ni.er,fun.ni.est 
Causing laughter or amusement.
˷ЦĻ
Intended or designed to amuse.
ȤģĻֵ
Strangely or suspiciously odd; curious.
Źֵģϡ
Tricky or deceitful.
ˣеĻƭ
n.ʣ
 fun.nies ʽ 
A joke; a witticism.
ЦƤ
funnies 
 funnies 
Comic strips.

The section of a newspaper containing comic strips.
ֽϵĻ
?
From fun 
Դ fun
?
funnily
adv.ʣ
funniness
n.ʣ

= =
fur
fur
AHD:[f?r] 
D.J.[fT8]
K.K.[fP]
n.ʣ
The thick coat of soft hair covering the skin of a mammal, such as a fox or beaver.
ëȲ鶯ϵĺë
The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration.
ëƤ·ƻװƷĴë鶯Ƥ
A garment made of or lined with the dressed pelt of a mammal.
ëƤ·ò鶯ëƤɵĻ·
A coating similar to the pelt of a mammal.
Ƥӣ鶯ëƤĸǲ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ëƤһʣ
a fur coat; fur hats.
ëƤ·ëƤñ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
furred,fur.ring,furs 
To cover, line, or trim with fur.
ëƤǡ
To provide fur garments for.
ṩëƤ·
To cover or coat as if with fur.
ëǻ
To line (a wall or floor) with furring.
ڣǽذϣ
?
Middle English furre 
йӢ furre 
probably from furren [to line with fur] 
Դ furren [ëƤ] 
from Old French forrer 
Դ ŷ forrer 
from forre, fuerre [sheath, lining] 
Դ forre, fuerre [ף] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  p3- 
[Դն] *μ p3- 

= =
furious
fu.ri.ous
AHD:[fy?r?-s] 
D.J.[6fj&*ri8*s]
K.K.[6fj&ri*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Full of or characterized by extreme anger; raging.
ŭģΪ˷ŭģŭ
Suggestive of extreme anger in action or appearance; fierce.See Synonyms at angry 
񱩵ģжϱֳ˷ŭģҵĲμ angry
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French furieus 
Դ ŷ furieus 
from Latin furi?s 
Դ  furi?s 
from furia [fury] * see  fury 
Դ furia [ŭ] *μ fury
?
furiously
adv.ʣ

= =
furnace
fur.nace
AHD:[f?rn1s] 
D.J.[6fT8n!s]
K.K.[6fPn!s]
n.ʣ
An enclosure in which energy in a nonthermal form is converted to heat, especially such an enclosure in which heat is generated by the combustion of a suitable fuel.
¯һְӷʽתΪķ壬ָͨȼϵȼղķ
An intensely hot place:
ȵĵط
the furnace of the sun; an attic room that is a furnace in the summer.
µȵش¯һĸ¥
A severe test or trial:
ϾĿĥѣ
endured the furnace of his friends' blame after the accident.
¹ʷָ֮Ŀ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French fornais 
Դ ŷ fornais 
from Latin forn3x  forn3c- [oven] * see  g wher- 
Դ  forn3x  forn3c- [¯] *μ g wher- 

= =
furnish
fur.nish
AHD:[f?rn1sh] 
D.J.[6fT8n!.]
K.K.[6fPn!.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fur.nished,fur.nish.ing,fur.nish.es 
To equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for.
װ裺ָ䱸Ҿߵ֮
To supply; give:
Ӧṩ
The story of Orpheus has furnished Pope with an illustration(Thomas Bulfinch)
˹Ĵ˵ΪѰṩ֤(˹)
?
Middle English furnisshen 
йӢ furnisshen 
from Old French fournir  fourniss- 
Դ ŷ fournir  fourniss- 
[of Germanic origin] * see  per 1
[Դն] *μ per 1
?
furnisher
n.ʣ
?
furnish,equip,outfit,appoint,accouter
These verbs mean to provide with what is necessary for an activity or a purpose.
ЩʶָΪĳĿĵҪӦ
 Furnish   refers primarily to the provision of basic necessities: 
 Furnish  ҪָṩƷ 
furnished the new apartment;
Ϊ·䱸Ҿߣ
furnish a boat with care.
Ϊװ豸
Equip   usually implies the provision of more specialized items for a particular need or a particular service: 
Equip  ָͨΪҪرṩضƷ 
equip a car with snow tires.
Ϊγ䱸̥
Outfit   suggests comprehensive provision of necessary items for a larger purpose, as for an expedition: 
Outfit  ָΪĿ꣬Զ̽ṩбƷ 
outfitting the children for summer camp. Toappoint  is to provide with furnishings and often accessories, usually of a tasteful kind:  
ΪμӪĺװֱƷ Appoint ָṩͨƷζװΣΪ  
a library that was appointed in leather.
Ƥװͼݡ
Accouter   refers most often to providing with articles of equipment,especially for military service: 
Accouter  ָӦ豸ָھ·ʩ 
knights who were accoutered for battle. 
׼սʿ 

= =
furniture
fur.ni.ture
AHD:[f?rn1-chr] 
D.J.[6fT8n!t.*]
K.K.[6fPn!t.+]
n.ʣ
The movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working.
ҾߣΪӻ䱸ĿƶƷ
Archaic The necessary equipment for a saddle horse.
 ΣΪıҪƷ
?
Old French fourniture 
ŷ fourniture 
from fournir [to furnish] * see  furnish 
Դ fournir [䱸Ҿ] *μ furnish

= =
further
fur.ther
AHD:[f?rYr] 
D.J.[6fT8H*]
K.K.[6fPH+]
adj.ݴʣ
 farıȽϼ 
More distant in degree, time, or space:
Զģڳ̶ϸġʱϸǰĻռϸԶģ
a result that was further from our expectations than last time; the further lamppost.
һθϵĽԶĵƸ
Additional:
ģ
a further example; a further delay.
һӣƳ
adv.ʣ
 farıȽϼ 
To a greater extent; more:
̶ϵأأ
considered further the consequences of her actions.
ؿΪɵĺ
In addition; furthermore:
⣻һ
He stated further that he would not cooperate with the committee.
һָԸίԱ
At or to a more distant or advanced point:
Զػǰأ
went only three miles further; reading five pages further tonight.See Usage Note at farther 
ǰ3Ӣҳμ farther
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fur.thered,fur.ther.ing,fur.thers 
To help the progress of; advance.See Synonyms at advance 
ٽƽμ advance
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English furthra 
Դ Ӣ furthra 
from furthor [farther] 
Դ furthor [Զ] 
Adv., from Middle English 
ʣԴ йӢ 
from Old English furthor * see  per 1
Դ Ӣ furthor *μ per 1
?
furtherer
n.ʣ

= =
furthermore
fur.ther.more
AHD:[f?rYr-m?r, -m?r] 
D.J.[6fT8H*7m%8, -7m*&r]
K.K.[6fPH+7m%r, -7mor]
adv.ʣ
In addition; moreover.See Synonyms at also 
⣻Ҳμ also

= =
fuse
fuse 1Ҳ fuze
AHD:[fy?z] 
D.J.[fju8z]
K.K.[fjuz]
n.ʣ
A cord of readily combustible material that is lighted at one end to carry a flame along its length to detonate an explosive at the other end.
һȼϣһ˵ȼͨһըҩ
Often fuze A mechanical or electrical mechanism used to detonate an explosive charge or device such as a bomb or grenade:
  fuze ţŹܣһһըҩըװõĻеݵĻеװãը񵯣
A mechanical . . . switch is used to initiate the fuzes(International Defense Review)
һֻеءŹܡ(ʷ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
fused Ҳ fuzed fus.ing fuz.ing fus.es fuz.es  
To equip with a mechanical or electrical fuse:
װڣװеţ
The bomb . . . was fuzed and timed to explode after the aircraft had taken off(Aviation Week & Space Technology)
ɻ֮ըװźͶʱըװá(ܿ뺽칤̼)
?
From Italian fuso [spindle (originally from its shape)] 
Դ  fuso [Ĵ״] 
from Latin f?s 
Դ  f?s 
?
fuse
fuse 2
AHD:[fy?z] 
D.J.[fju8z]
K.K.[fjuz]
v.ʣ
fused,fus.ing,fus.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt.
ۻͨȱҺ״̬ۻ
To mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend.
ۺϣͨͨۻɷ֣һ𣻻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become liquefied from heat.
ۻȺΪҺ״
To become mixed or united by or as if by melting together:
ۺϣͨۻͨۻûϻϲ
There was no separation between joy and sorrow: they fused into one(Henry Miller)See Synonyms at melt See Synonyms at mix 
ʹ뻶֮ûнޣΪһ塱()μ meltμ mix
n.ʣ
A safety device that protects an electric circuit from excessive current, consisting of or containing a metal element that melts when current exceeds a specific amperage, thereby 
opening the circuit.
˿һɽɵķֹͨ·һְȫװã޶ĵǿʱͻۻӶ򿪵·
?
Latin fundere  f?s- [to melt] * see  gheu- 
 fundere  f?s- [ۻ] *μ gheu- 

= =
fusion
fu.sion
AHD:[fy?zhn] 
D.J.[6fju89*n]
K.K.[6fju9*n]
n.ʣ
The act or procedure of liquefying or melting by the application of heat.
ۻ۽⣺ҺۻΪ
The liquid or melted state induced by heat.
ͨʹۻ״̬Һ״
The merging of different elements into a union:
ۺϣͬҪصۺϣ
fusion of metals in an alloy; the difficult fusion of conflicting factions.
ۻΪϽͻɱں
A union resulting from fusing:
ϣγɵˣ
A fusion of religion and politics emerged.
̺һľ
Physics A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy.
ѧ ˾۱䣺һԭӺ˽ϳɸĺˣͬʱͷųĺ˷Ӧ
Music Jazz-rock.
֡ ʿҡ
?
Latin f??}  f?si?n- 
 f??}  f?si?n- 
from f?s [past participle of] fundere [to melt] * see  gheu- 
Դ f?s  [] fundereĹȥִ [ۻ] *μ gheu- 

= =
fuss
fuss
AHD:[f?s] 
D.J.[fJs]
K.K.[fJs]
n.ʣ
Needlessly nervous or useless activity; commotion:
æңҪĽŻûõж֣
There was a lot of fuss on moving day.
ֺ
A state of excessive and unwarranted concern over an unimportant matter:
С֣С±ʾֵĻ򲻱ҪĹĵ״̬
made a big fuss over one low test grade.
ԵķôС
An objection; a protest:
飺ԣ飺
The longer working hours caused a big fuss.
ӳʱǿҷ
A quarrel.

A display of affectionate excitement and attention:
Ϲģֳ˷ܺͼ
Everyone made a fuss over the new baby.
ÿ˶ΪϹ
v.ʣ
fussed,fuss.ing,fuss.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To trouble or worry over trifles.
С֣ΪС·ջ
To be excessively careful or solicitous:
ֽСĻ򽲾
fussed over their children.
СĵضԴǵĺ
To get into or be in a state of nervous or useless activity:
æңźϹæ״̬
fussed with the collar of his coat.
æҵ
To object; complain.
ԣԹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To disturb or vex with unimportant matters.
ʹգʹΪС·գ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
fusser
n.ʣ

= =
future
fu.ture
AHD:[fy?chr] 
D.J.[6fju8t.*]
K.K.[6fjut.+]
n.ʣ
The indefinite time yet to come:
޶ʱ䣺
will try to do better in the future.
ᾡøЩ
Something that will happen in time to come:
δ£ʱϽҪ飺
The future comes apace(Shakespeare)
Ҫºܿ췢ˡ(ɯʿ)
A prospective or expected condition, especially one considered with regard to growth, advancement, or development:
ǰָڳɳչǰ;Ļõľ
a business with no future.
ǰĹ
futures Abbr. fut.Business Commodities or stocks bought or sold upon agreement of delivery in time to come.
 futures д fut.óס ڻΪƷƱ涨ڽһʱڽԼ
Abbr. fut.Grammar 
д fut.﷨ 
The form of a verb used in speaking of action that has not yet occurred or of states not yet in existence.
ʽڱʾ״̬Ķʽ
A verb form in the future tense.
ʱԽʱֵ̬Ķʽ
adj.ݴʣ
That is to be or to come; of or existing in later time.
ģҪģԺĻԺ󽫴ڵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French futur 
Դ ŷ futur 
from Latin fut?s [about to be] * see  bheu- 
Դ  fut?s [Ҫ] *μ bheu- 

= =
gain
gain 1
AHD:[g3n] 
D.J.[ge!n]
K.K.[gen]
v.ʣ
gained,gain.ing,gains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come into possession or use of; acquire:
ã׬ãȨʹȨõ
gained a small fortune in real estate; gained important information about the enemy's plans.
ڷزϷһСƣõйص˵Ҫ鱨
To attain in competition or struggle; win:
ӮãʤͨŬãӮã
gained a decisive victory; gained control of the company.
þԵʤù˾ĿȨ
To obtain through effort or merit; achieve:
ȡããͨŬ򹦼ãõ
gain recognition; gain a hearing for the proposal.
õʶձ
To secure as profit or reward; earn:
ıãıã
gain a living; gain extra credits in school.
άƣѧУ޵öѧ
To manage to achieve an increase of:
ӣŬõӣ
a movement that gained strength; gained wisdom with age.
Ļǻ
To increase by (a specific amount):
ӵһض
gained 15 pounds; the market gained 30 points.
1530
To come to; reach:
ִ
gained the top of the mountain.See Synonyms at reach 
ɽμ reach
To become fast by (a specified amount of time). Used of a timepiece:
߿죬죺ȣضʱ졣ڱ
My watch gains four minutes a day.
ҵıһķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To increase; grow:
ӣ
gained in experience and maturity; a painting that gained in value.
ͳ̶ȷõֵĻ滭Ʒ
To become better; improve:
ã
gaining in health.
ת
To obtain a profit or advantage; benefit:
ô棺
stood to gain politically by his opponent's blunder.
ֵĲ֮٣׾ٵػϵĳɹ
To close a gap; get closer:
ٲࣻӽ
The runners in the back were steadily gaining on the leader.
˶ԱСߵĲ
To increase a lead.

To put on weight:
أ
I began to gain when I went off my diet.
ֹͣʳͿʼ
To operate or run fast. Used of a timepiece.
ߵÿ죬ܵÿ죺ߵÿ죬ܵÿ졣ָӱ
n.ʣ
Something gained or acquired:
ûõ
territorial gains.

Progress; advancement:

The country made social and political gains under the new government.
һְڼ䣬η涼ȡ˽
The act of acquiring; attainment.
ãĳΪõ
An increase in amount or degree:
ӣ̶ܶȵӣ
a gain in operating income.
Ӫҵ
Electronics An increase in signal power, voltage, or current by an amplifier, expressed as the ratio of output to input.Also called  amplification 
ѧ ʣʣйʡѹֵ֮Ҳ  amplification
?
gain time
To run too fast. Used of a timepiece.
̫ܵ졣ʱ
To delay or prolong something until a desired event occurs.
ʱ䣺ӳٻֱϣ¼
?
From Middle English gayne [booty]  from Old French gaigne, gain [gain]  from gaaignier [to gain]  [of Germanic origin] 
Դ йӢ gayne [սƷ]  Դ ŷ gaigne, gain [ջ]  Դ gaaignier []  [Դն] 
Middle English gein [advantage]  from Old Norse gegn [ready,]  and from Old French gain [gain] 
йӢ gein [ŵ]  Դ ˹ά gegn [׼õ]  Դ ŷ gain [Ӯ] 
?
gain
gain 2
AHD:[g3n] 
D.J.[ge!n]
K.K.[gen]
n.ʣ
A notch or mortise cut into a board to receive another part.
ۣΪһֶľпڻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gained,gain.ing,gains 
To cut out a gain in.
г
To join by or fit into a gain.
ӻ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
galaxy
gal.ax.y
AHD:[g2lk-s?] 
D.J.[6g#l*ksi8]
K.K.[6g#l*ksi]
n.ʣ
 gal.ax.ies 
Any of numerous large-scale aggregates of stars, gas, and dust that constitute the universe, containing an average of 100 billion (1011) solar masses and ranging in diameter from 
1,500 to 300,000 light-years. Also called  nebula 
ϵȺĴģǡ򳾰ľۼƽ100(1011)ڵֱ̫1,500300,000 Ҳ  nebula
Often Galaxy The Milky Way.
  Galaxy ϵ
An assembly of brilliant, glamorous, or distinguished persons or things:
һȺвġ˵ĻԺյ˻
a galaxy of theatrical performers.
Ƽ
?
Middle English galaxie [the Milky Way] 
йӢ galaxie [ϵ] 
from Late Latin galaxias 
Դ  galaxias 
from Greek [milky] 
Դ ϣ [ţ̵] 
from gala  galakt- [milk] * see  melg- 
Դ gala  galakt- [飬ţ] *μ melg- 

= =
gallery
gal.ler.y
AHD:[g2l-r?] 
D.J.[6g#l*ri8]
K.K.[6g#l*ri]
n.ʣ
 gal.ler.ies 
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side.
ȣȣиɢָӽǽȥɹֵ֧
A long enclosed passage, such as a hallway or corridor.
ȣȣķչȻ
A narrow balcony, usually having a railing or balustrade, along the outside of a building.
̨̨խ̨ͨڽ˻
A projecting or recessed passageway along an upper story on the interior or exterior of a large building, especially a church, generally marked by a colonnade or an arcade.
ͨڽǽãڲⲿ͹򰼽ĶͨһȻ
Lower Southern U.S. See  veranda 
϶ˡ μ  veranda
An upper section, often with a sloping floor, projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater or an auditorium to provide additional seating.
¥ԺΪϯӺǽͻľбذ沿
The seats in such a section, usually cheaper than those on the main floor.
λ¥λλͨƱ۵
The cheapest seats in a theater, generally those of the uppermost gallery.
¥Ժ˵ϯָ߲¥
The audience occupying a gallery or cheap section of a theater.
¥ĹڣƱĹ
A large audience or group of spectators, as at a tennis or golf match.
ڣ߶ʱĹڻȺĹ
The general public, usually considered as exemplifying a lack of discrimination or sophistication:
ȺƽڣһĹڣͨȱ̶ȣ
accused the administration of playing to the gallery on the defense issue.
ָڹлȡ
A building, an institution, or a room for the exhibition of artistic work.
չݣȣչƷרõĽ򷿼
An establishment that displays and sells works of art.
ƷչʾУչƷĻ֯
A photographer's studio.
ӰʦĹ
A collection; an assortment:
ռۼ
The trial featured a gallery of famous and flamboyant witnesses.
еɫһԺյ֤
An underground tunnel or passageway, as in a cave or one dug for military or mining purposes.
صͨڶѨڵĻΪáɿھĵص
A passage made by a tunneling insect or animal.
ͨڵͨ
Nautical A platform or balcony at the stern or quarters of some early sailing ships.
 β̨һЩڴββϵƽ̨̨
A decorative upright trimming or molding along the edge of a table top, tray, or shelf.
ԵװΣӶ̻ܱԵֱװƷ
?
Middle English galerie 
йӢ galerie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old North French galilee [galilee] * see  galilee 
Դ ŷ galilee [] *μ galilee
?
galleried
adj.ݴʣ
?
In Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Alabama,an open roofed porch that runs along at least one side of a house is called agallery: Out on the small front gallery 
she had hung Bobin?t's Sunday clothes to air (Kate Chopin).Craig M. Carver, the author ofAmerican Regional Dialects,  points out that the word gallery,  from Old French galerie,  was 
borrowed into British English in the 15th century and was brought over to the American colonies by English-speaking settlers.Although the word in the sense porch did not survive 
in the American English of the East Coast,it was borrowed separately, probably from Acadian French,into the English of 18th-century Louisianaand there survived as part of the Gulf 
Southern dialect.
ڵÿ˹ݡɫݡ·˹ݡȺϲڷݵһһֳݶȱgallery ǰСȣѲڵõ
· ءФ ߿׸Mָ gallery ԴڹŴ galerie  15ͽӢﲢɽӢֳߴֳءȻô
ȡûڶʽӢбпֿܱ԰ǵķ18ͽ·˹ӢﱣΪϲۿڷԵ
һ

= =
gallon
gal.lon
AHD:[g2ln] 
D.J.[6g#l*n]
K.K.[6g#l*n]
n.Abbr. gal.ʣд gal.
A unit of volume in the U.S. Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to 4 quarts (3.785 liters).
أʹõҺλ4(3.785
A unit of volume in the British Imperial System, used in liquid and dry measure, equal to 4 quarts (4.546 liters).See table at measurement 
ӢƼأӢϵͳҺ͸λ4(4.546μ measurement
A container with a capacity of one gallon.
һ
?
Middle English [a liquid measure] 
йӢ [Һ] 
from Old North French galon 
Դ ŷ galon 

= =
gamble
gam.ble
AHD:[g2mbl] 
D.J.[6g#mb*l]
K.K.[6g#mb*l]
v.ʣ
gam.bled,gam.bling,gam.bles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bet on an uncertain outcome, as of a contest.
ĲĳһȷĽ¶עڱ
Games To play a game of chance for stakes.
Ϸ ĲϷΪӮöעϷ
To take a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage or a benefit.
ͶðգΪúôð
To engage in reckless or hazardous behavior:
עһ±çġðյΪ
You are gambling with your health by continuing to smoke.
ǰԼĽע
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Games To put up as a stake in gambling; wager.
Ϸ ¶עģעڶĲУע
To expose to hazard; risk:
ʹðգðգ
gambled their lives in a dangerous rescue mission.
һΣյӪðΣ
n.ʣ
Games A bet, wager, or other gambling venture.
Ϸ ĲĻͶð
An act or undertaking of uncertain outcome; a risk:
ðգðմ²ȷΪðգ
I took a gamble that stock prices would rise.
ðŹƱǵķ
?
Perhaps from obsolete gamel [to play games] 
Դ  gamel [Ϸ] 
from Middle English gamen, gamenen [to play] 
Դ йӢ gamen, gamenen [棬Ϸ] 
from Old English gamenian 
Դ Ӣ gamenian 
from gamen [fun] 
Դ gamen [ЦȤ] 
?
gambler
n.ʣ

= =
game
game 1
AHD:[g3m] 
D.J.[ge!m]
K.K.[gem]
n.ʣ
An activity providing entertainment or amusement; a pastime:
֣ǲṩֻǲĻǲ֣
party games; word games.
֣Ϸ
A competitive activity or sport in which players contend with each other according to a set of rules:
ϷԵĻ˶ѡǰһϵйо
the game of basketball; the game of gin rummy.
Ϸ
A single instance of such an activity:
һ̣һһ裺
We lost the first game.
ǵһʧ
games An organized athletic program or contest:
 games ˶᣺֯Ŀ
track-and-field games; took part in the winter games.
ﾶμӶ˶
A period of competition or challenge:
ڼ䣺սʱΣ
It was too late in the game to change the schedule of the project.
ڱڼҪı̰Ѿ̫
The total number of points required to win a game:
ʤܷ
One hundred points is game in bridge.
ƻʤķ100
The score accumulated at any given time in a game:
֣һ涨ʱӵķ
The game is now 14 to 12.
ȷ1412
The equipment needed for playing certain games:
þߣĳһضе
packed the children's games in the car.
ѺǵƷ복
A particular style or manner of playing a game:
ɣʱضʽ
improved my tennis game with practice.
ϰԸĽҵ
Informal 
ʽ 
An active interest or pursuit, especially one involving competitive engagement or adherence to rules:
Ұģ׷󣺻Ȥ׷ָȨľԲִ
the way the system operates, the access game, the turf game, the image game(Hedrick Smith)
ϵͳķʽȤȤȤ(յˡʷ˹)
A business or occupation; a line:
ҵְҵ
the insurance game.
ҵ
An illegal activity; a racket.
ϷĻǷֶ
Informal 
ʽ 
Evasive, trifling, or manipulative behavior:
ϷܵġɢġΪ
wanted a straight answer, not more of their tiresome games.
Ҫһֱ˵Ĵ𰸣ҪٸЩİϷ
A calculated strategy or approach; a scheme:
ԣıƻĲԻ򷽷ıԣ
I saw through their game from the very beginning.
һʼҾͿǵļı
Mathematics A model of a competitive situation that identifies interested parties and stipulates rules governing all aspects of the competition, used in game theory to determine the 
optimal course of action for an interested party.
ѧ Ϸۣһִھ״̬µģʽҪȤĲ߲涨ƾĹȷһõĻ̵ı
Wild animals, birds, or fish hunted for food or sport.
ΪʳûֶԵҰݻ
The flesh of these animals, eaten as food.
ҰζΪʳõЩ
An object of attack, ridicule, or pursuit:
Ŀ꣬Ū׷Ŀ꣺
The press considered the candidate's indiscretions to be game.
ýѺѡ˲еĿ
Mockery; sport:
ŪϷŪ
The older children teased and made game of the newcomer.
Ƚ곤ĺӳЦ
v.ʣ
gamed,gam.ing,games 
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To waste or lose by gambling.
ʧȥĲӻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play for stakes; gamble.
עĲ
adj.ݴʣ
gam.er,gam.est 
Plucky and unyielding in spirit; resolute:
¸ҵģ־ᶨģģ
She put up a game fight against her detractors.
¸ҶԿЩ̰
Ready and willing:
ģԸģ
Are you game for a swim?
ԸȥӾ
?
the only game in townʽ
The only alternative:
Ψһѡ
The Anglo-Irish Agreement is the only game in town available to political leaders seeking a graceful way out of the Ulster morass(Boston Globe)He's the only game in town for the 
press to write about(Leonard Garment)
ӢԼ쵼ΨһѰڶ˹·(ʿٻ)ǸóΨһһλŽܱ(ɵ¡)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gamen 
Դ Ӣ gamen 
?
gamely
adv.ʣ
gameness
n.ʣ
?
game
game 2
AHD:[g3m] 
D.J.[ge!m]
K.K.[gem]
adj.ݴʣ
gam.er,gam.est 
Crippled; lame:
˵ģȳģ
a game leg.
һ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
gang
gang 1
AHD:[g2ng] 
D.J.[g#0]
K.K.[g#0]
n.ʣ
A group of criminals or hoodlums who band together for mutual protection and profit.
ɣһȺΪ໥͹ͬһﷸǿ
A group of adolescents who band together, especially a group of delinquents.
壬һȺһָ꣬һȺ그
Informal A group of people who associate regularly on a social basis:
ʽ ͬһȺһϽϵˣ
The whole gang from the office went to a clambake.
칫ҵһȥۻ
A group of laborers organized together on one job or under one foreperson:
壬һȺһֹһ쵼֮֯Ͷߣ
a railroad gang.
·
A matched or coordinated set, as of tools:
һףһƵĻͬ繤ߣ
a gang of chisels.
һ
A pack of wolves or wild dogs.
һȺǣһȺҰ
A herd, especially of buffalo or elk.See Synonyms at flock 1
һȺҰţһȺ¹μ flock1
v.ʣ
ganged,gang.ing,gangs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To band together as a group or gang.
ʹһ飺ΪһȺһһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange or assemble into a group, as for simultaneous operation or production:
ʹһ𣺰װװһ飬ָͬʱת
gang several pages onto one printing plate.
Ѽֽͬһӡˢ
To attack as an organized group.
ȺϮ
?
gang up
To join together in opposition or attack:
϶ԿϹ
The older children were always ganging up on the little ones.
ͽϴĺܻ۸С
To act together as a group:
һж
various agencies ganging up to combat the use of illicit drugs.
ͬĻԿǷҩƷʹ
?
Middle English [band of men] 
йӢ [һȺ] 
from Old English [journey] 
Դ Ӣ [ó] 
Old Norse gangr [journey, group] 
˹ά gangr [У] 
as in thjofagangr [gang of thieves] 
 thjofagangr [һȺС͵] 
?
gang
gang 2
AHD:[g2ng] 
D.J.[g#0]
K.K.[g#0]
n.ʣ
Variant of gangue 
 gangueı

= =
gaol
gaol
AHD:[j3l] 
D.J.[d9e!l]
K.K.[d9el]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of jail 
 jailı

= =
gap
gap
AHD:[g2p] 
D.J.[g#p]
K.K.[g#p]
n.ʣ
An opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach:
ڣѷ죺̽Ŀڣѷȱڣ
wriggled through a gap in the fence; a large gap in the wall where the artillery shell had exploded.
ʼȱڴڵƬǽըĴ
A break in a line of defense.
ȱ
An opening through mountains; a pass.
ɽڣɽеĿڣͨ
A space between objects or points; an aperture:
϶϶λõļ϶
a gap between his front teeth.
Ŀ϶
An interruption of continuity:
жϣԵжϣ
a nine-minute gap in the recorded conversation; needed to fill in the gaps in her knowledge.
¼̸оŷӵжϣҪ֪ʶϵĲ
A conspicuous difference or imbalance; a disparity:
࣬⣺ԵĲͬƽ⣻죺
a gap between revenue and spending; the widening gap between rich and poor.
֮Ĳܴ֮ࣻ
A problematic situation resulting from such a disparity:
ɵ״
the budget gap; the technology gap.
Ԥѣ
A spark gap.
϶
Computer Science An absence of information on a recording medium, often used to signal the end of a segment of information.
ѧ ϶¼ϵϢȱڸϢƬεĩ־
Electronics The distance between the head of a recording device and the surface of the recording medium.
ѧ ¼϶¼ͷ¼ý֮ľ
v.ʣ
gapped,gap.ping,gaps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make an opening in.
ɿڣѷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become open.
ſѿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse [chasm] 
Դ ˹ά [ӣѷ] 

= =
garage
ga.rage
AHD:[g-r?zh, -r?j] 
D.J.[g*6r$89, -6r$8d9]
K.K.[g*6r$9, -6r$d9]
n.ʣ
A building or indoor space in which to park or keep a motor vehicle.
⣺ͣŻ򱣹Ľڿյ
A commercial establishment where cars are repaired, serviced, or parked.
ͣŵҵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ga.raged,ga.rag.ing,ga.rag.es 
To put or store in a garage.
복⣬복
?
French 
 
from garer [to shelter] 
Դ garer [ӻ] 
from Old French garer, guerrer 
Դ ŷ garer, guerrer 
[of Germanic origin] * see  wer- 4
[նԴ] *μ wer- 4
?
garageable
adj.ݴʣ
?
It is difficult for a 20th-century imagination to envision a world without garages or a language without the wordgarage.  However, probably before the 19thand certainly before the 18th 
century the word did not exist,and possibly before the end of the 19th century the thing itself did not exist.Our word is a direct borrowing of Frenchgarage,  which is first recorded in 1802 
in the sense place where one docks.The verbgarer,  from which garage  was derived, originally meant to put merchandise under shelter,then to moor a boat, and then to 
put a vehicle into a place for safekeeping,that is, agarage,  a sense first recorded in French in 1901. English almost immediately borrowed this French word,the first instance being 
found in 1902.
20˵һûгһûgarage ʡ 19ǰ߿϶18ǰʲڣҼп19ĩ
ʱҲڡǵĵֱӴӷgarage ʽģ һ1802ʹáͣŵĵطһ塣Ӷgarer  garage  Ϊѻڱ
ΪֱֻͣɡΪܶһطҲ˵garage ĺ1901ڷмصġ ӢＸϽʻ㣬ĵһ
1902ҵ

= =
garbage
gar.bage
AHD:[g?rb1j] 
D.J.[6g$8b!d9]
K.K.[6g$rb!d9]
n.ʣ
Food wastes, as from a kitchen.
ʳʳƷӳʣµ
Refuse; trash.

Worthless or nonsensical matter; rubbish:
õĻĶ
Their advice turned out to be nothing but garbage.
ǵǷϻ
Inferior or offensive literary or artistic material.
޼ֵƷӵĻ˲ѧƷ
Computer Science Incorrect, meaningless, or unwanted information in input, output, or memory.
ѧ ݣõԪϢ롢洢治ȷġĻҪϢ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
garbage collection; a garbage disposal.
ռ
?
Middle English [offal from fowls] 
йӢ [] 

= =
garden
gar.den
AHD:[g?rdn] 
D.J.[6g$8dn]
K.K.[6g$rd2]
n.ʣ
A plot of land used for the cultivation of flowers, vegetables, herbs, or fruit.
԰԰԰ֲ߲ˡݡˮһС
Often gardens Grounds laid out with flowers, trees, and ornamental shrubs and used for recreation or display:
  gardens ԰أֲŻľ͹͹ľǲչĵط
public gardens; a botanical garden.
԰ֲ԰
A yard or lawn.
ݵ
A fertile, well-cultivated region.
򣬸ֲõ
An open-air establishment where refreshments are served:
Ӧĵ¶ʩ
a beer garden.
¶ơƷ
A large public auditorium or arena.
͹ã;
v.ʣ
gar.dened,gar.den.ing,gar.dens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cultivate (a plot of ground) as a garden.
԰٣һСƬأΪ԰
To furnish with a garden.
Ի԰װ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To plant or tend a garden.
ֲ԰
To work as a gardener.
԰չ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, suitable to, or used in a garden:
԰ģ԰յģ԰ġڻ԰Ļڻ԰ʹõģ
garden tools; garden vegetables.
԰þߣ߲
Provided with open areas and greenery:
̻ģṩغɫֲģ
a garden community.
̻
Garden-variety.
ͨģƽ
?
lead down the garden path 
take down the garden path
To mislead or deceive (another).
󵼻ƭһˣ
?
Middle English gardin 
йӢ gardin 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from gart 
Դ gart 
[of Germanic origin] * see  gher- 1
[նԴ] *μ gher- 1
?
Garden
Gar.den
AHD:[g?rdn] Alexander (1730?-1791) 
D.J.[6g$8dn]
K.K.[6g$rd2]
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish-born American naturalist and physician who contributed to the classification of New World plants. The gardenia is named after him.
ӵǣɽ(1730?-1791) ոȻѧҺҽֲһסӻ
?
Garden
GardenMary (1874?-1967)
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish-born American operatic soprano. She performed with the Chicago Civic Opera from 1910 to 1931.
ӵǣ(1874?-1967) ոŮ19101931һֱ֥ӸиԺһݳ

= =
gardener
gar.den.er
AHD:[g?rdnr, g?rdn-r] 
D.J.[6g$8dn*, 6g$8dn*]
K.K.[6g$rdn+, 6g$rdn+]
n.ʣ
One who works in or tends a garden for pleasure or hire.
԰ΪֻܹͶڻ԰
?
Gardener
Gar.den.er
AHD:[g?rdn-r, g?rdnr] Helen Hamilton (1853-1925) 
D.J.[6g$8dn*, 6g$8dn*]
K.K.[6g$rdn+, 6g$rdn+]
NONE޴ԣ
American reformer known for her efforts to secure passage of a federal suffrage amendment.
ӵɣס׶٣(1853-1925) ĸңڱ֤ѡȨͨŬ

= =
garment
gar.ment
AHD:[g?rmnt] 
D.J.[6g$8m*nt]
K.K.[6g$rm*nt]
n.ʣ
An article of clothing.
£һ·
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
garment factories; the garment district.
װװҵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gar.ment.ed,gar.ment.ing,gar.ments 
To clothe; dress.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French garnement 
Դ ŷ garnement 
from garnir [to equip] 
Դ garnir [װ] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  wer- 4
[Դն] *μ wer- 4

= =
gas
gas
AHD:[g2s] 
D.J.[g#s]
K.K.[g#s]
n.ʣ
 gas.es  gas.ses  
The state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by relatively low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and 
temperature, the ability to diffuse readily, and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container.
̬һڹҺ״̬Խϵ͵ܶȺճȣԽϸߵѹ¶ȸıչȺԣɢκһھɢ
A substance in the gaseous state.
壺̬
A gaseous fuel, such as natural gas.
ȼϣ̬ȼϣȻ
Gasoline.

The speed control of a gasoline engine:
ţٶȿװã
Step on the gas.

A gaseous asphyxiant, irritant, or poison.
̬ʹϢ̼
A gaseous anesthetic, such as nitrous oxide.
һ̬
Flatulence.
θ
Flatus.
Ϣ
Slang Idle or boastful talk.
ٵ ̸Ϲţ
Slang Someone or something exceptionally exciting or entertaining:
ٵ Ȥ˻£ĳ˻ĳ˼ã
The party was a gas.
ǳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
gas tanks; gas stoves.
䣻ú¯
v.ʣ
gassed,gas.sing,gas.es  gas.ses  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To treat chemically with gas.
úлѧ
To overcome, disable, or kill with poisonous fumes.
ԶöƷʹзϻɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give off gas.
ͷ
Slang To talk excessively.
ٵ ̸򼫶ȵ̸
?
gas up
To supply a vehicle with gas or gasoline:
ͣһṩͣ
gas up a car; gassed up before the trip.
Сͣڳ֮ǰͼӺ
?
Dutch [an occult physical principle supposed to be present in all bodies] 
 [һصԭ򣬾ݹƴ] 
alteration of Greek khaos [chaos, empty space] 
 ϣ khaosı仯 [ңյ] 
[coined by Jan Baptista van Helmont (1577-1644), Flemish chemist] 
[ɻѧղյ˹ն] 

= =
gaseous
gas.e.ous
AHD:[g2s?-s, g2shs] 
D.J.[6g#si8*s, 6g#.*s]
K.K.[6g#si*s, 6g#.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or existing as a gas.
ģ̬ģģйصģʽڵ
Lacking substance or concreteness; tenuous or indefinite.
ɿģģϸ΢Ļģ
Full of or containing gas; gassy.
ģģ
?
gaseousness
n.ʣ

= =
gasoline
gas.o.line
AHD:[g2s-l?n, g2s-l?n] 
D.J.[6g#s*7li8n, 7g#s*6li8n]
K.K.[6g#s*7lin, 7g#s*6lin]
n.ʣ
A volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines and as a solvent, an illuminant, 
and a thinner.
ͣһ־лӷԡȼҺ壬ҪԭͣҪȼãȼҲܼϡͼ
?
gas 
gas
-ol(e) 
-ol(e)
-ine 2
-ine2

= =
gasp
gasp
AHD:[g2sp] 
D.J.[g#sp]
K.K.[g#sp]
v.ʣ
gasped,gasp.ing,gasps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw in the breath sharply, as from shock.
ϢҵϢܵһ
To breathe convulsively or laboriously.
ҵءش
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter in a breathless manner.
˵˵
n.ʣ
A short convulsive intake or catching of the breath.
̴ٵءҵ
?
Middle English gaspen, gaispen [to gape, yawn] 
йӢ gaspen, gaispen [죬Ƿ] 
from Old Norse geispa [to yawn] 
Դ ˹ά geispa [Ƿ] 

= =
gate
gate 1
AHD:[g3t] 
D.J.[ge!t]
K.K.[get]
n.ʣ
A structure that can be swung, drawn, or lowered to block an entrance or a passageway.
ţһֹ죬ɱҡΡǣ򽵵ͣӶһڻһ
An opening in a wall or fence for entrance or exit.
ΧǽţţǽڻϵĿӣΪڻ
The structure surrounding such an opening, such as the monumental or fortified entrance to a palace or walled city.
ţһֹ죬Χĳڻڣһɽһĳͨһһгǽĳ
A means of access:
·һַʽ
the gate to riches.
֮
A passageway, as in an airport terminal, through which passengers proceed for embarkation.
ǻţһͨڻյ㣬˿ͨǻ
A mountain pass.
ɽ·ɽͨ
The total paid attendance or admission receipts at a public event:
Ʊ룺ĳһйڵ
a good gate at the football game.
кö˹ۿⳡ
A device for controlling the passage of water or gas through a dam or conduit.
ˮţբţһˮͨһӵ̻ˮװ
The channel through which molten metal flows into a shaped cavity of a mold.
բۻĽҺģǻͨ
Sports A passage between two upright poles through which a skier must go in a slalom race.
˶ ·λֱĸ֮һͨѩ˶Աϰѩбͨ
Electronics A circuit with multiple inputs and one output that is energized only when a designated set of input pulses is received.
ѧ ѡͨ缫ŵ·ж˺һˣֻеһָܵʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gat.ed,gat.ing,gates 
Chiefly British To confine (a student) to the grounds of a college as punishment.
Ӣ ѧУĴ֣ѣһѧһѧУ԰Ϊͷ
Electronics To select part of (a wave) for transmission, reception, or processing by magnitude or time interval.
ѧ 粨ͣѡ񲨵һ֣ջͨʱ
?
get the gateٵ
To be dismissed or rejected.
ܾ
give (someone) the gateٵ
To discharge from a job.
ͣһн
To reject or jilt.
ܾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English geat 
Դ Ӣ geat 
?
gate
gate 2
AHD:[g3t] 
D.J.[ge!t]
K.K.[get]
n.ʣ
Chiefly British A particular way of acting or doing; manner.
Ӣ ʽϰߣһΪʽ·ʽò
Archaic A path or way.
 С·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse gata * see  gh?- 
Դ ˹ά gata *μ gh?- 

= =
gather
gath.er
AHD:[g2Yr] 
D.J.[6g#H*]
K.K.[6g#H+]
v.ʣ
gath.ered,gath.er.ing,gath.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to come together; convene.
£ۼʹһ𣻼
To accumulate (something) gradually; amass.
ۣ𽥵ضѻĳ
To harvest or pick:
ɼգջժ
gather flowers; gather wild foods.
ժҰʳ
To gain by a process of gradual increase:
һӵĹ̶ȡã
gather speed.
𽥼
To collect into one place; assemble.
ռһأռ
To pick up and enfold:
ʰұ
gathered the kittens into her arms.
һȺСèӵĻ
Printing To arrange (signatures) in sequence for bookbinding.
ӡˢ װ۵ģװ룩˳װ
To draw into small folds or puckers, as by pulling a thread through cloth.
ߡ۵γСƻ壬һͨһ鲼
To contract and wrinkle (the brow).
壨ü
To draw about or bring (one thing) closer to something else:
ϣʹĳһһ
gathered the shawl about my shoulders.
Ҽ
To conclude; infer:
ۣۣۣ
I gather that a decision has not been reached.
ƶûκξ
To summon up; muster:
٣
gathered up his courage.

To attract or be a center of attraction for:
ΪһעеĽ㣺
The parade gathered a large crowd.
Ⱥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together in a group; assemble.
ϣϳΪһ飻ۼ
To accumulate:
ۻ
Dark clouds are gathering.
ܲ
To grow or increase by degrees.
ѭ򽥽سɳ
To come to a head, as a boil; fester.
չŧףŧ
To forage for wild foodstuffs.
Ұζ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of gathering.
ۼۼΪʵ
A quantity gathered.
ռۼһ
A small fold or pucker made by gathering cloth.
ޣ۵ƥСƻ
?
Middle English getheren, gaderen 
йӢ getheren, gaderen 
from Old English gadrian * see  ghedh- 
Դ Ӣ gadrian *μ ghedh- 
?
gatherer
n.ʣ
?
gather,collect,assemble,congregate,accumulate,amass
These verbs mean to bring or come together in a group or mass.
Щʵ˼ǣʹۼΪһһѡ
 Gather  is the most general termand therefore the most widely applicable: 
 Gather  ˵ҲӦ㷺ģ 
The tour guide gathered the visitors in the hotel lobby.
ŵĵΰѲιǾۼùݴ
 A group of students gathered in front of the administration building to demand divestiture.
һȺѧۼ¥ǰҪ󱻰Ȩ
I gathered sticks as kindling for the fire.
ռһЩΪ
Clouds gather before a thunderstorm.
ڷ籩֮ǰƲۼ
Collect   is often interchangeable withgather: 
Collect  ͨgather 
A proctor will collect (or gather ) the examination papers at the end of the hour. 
ѧཫһСʱ֮գ gather   
Tears collected (or gathered ) in her eyes.  Frequently, however,collect  refers to the careful selection of like or related things that become part of an organized whole: 
ڣ gather  С  ͨcollect ָϸѡƻϵĶ Ա֯һ֣ 
collects antiques;
ռ
collected stamps.
ʡ
Assemble  in all of its senses implies that the persons or things involved have a definite and usually close relationship.With respect to persons the term suggests convening out of 
common interest or purpose: 
Assemble  е嶼漰˻ȷͨǽܵϵʱʾ漰ǳڹͬȤĿĶۼ 
Assembling an able staff was more difficult than raising the funds to finance the venture.
ټһСҪȳ֧ðոѡ
The new legislature will assemble in January. With respect to thingsassemble  implies gathering and fitting together components, as of a structure or machine: 
Ժһټ顣 漰assemble ʾռѸɷְװһ Ϊһ 
The curator is devoting time and energy to assembling an interesting exhibit of Stone Age artifacts.
Աڻʱ;֯һȤʯʱƷչ
Congregate  refers chiefly to the coming together of a large number of persons or animals: 
Congregate  ҪָһȺ˻ۼһ 
After the lecture the physicians congregated in the library to compare notes.
ݽҽʦǾۼͼݱȽϱʼǡ
Accumulate  applies to the increase of like or related things over an extended period: 
Accumulate  ָƻϵһϳʱڵ 
They gradually accumulated enough capital to be financially secure after retirement.
𽥾ۼ㹻ʽȷ֮оϵı֤
Old newspapers and magazines are accumulating in the basement.
ɱֽ;־ѷڵС
Amass  refers to the collection or accumulation of things,especially valuable things, to form an imposing quantity: 
Amass  ָռֵָߵĶȥγһϴ 
families who amassed great fortunes in the days before income tax. See also Synonyms at  reap 
Щ˰֮ǰ˴Ƹļͥ μͬ reap

= =
gauge
gauge Ҳ gage
AHD:[g3j] 
D.J.[ge!d9]
K.K.[ged9]
n.Abbr. ga.ʣд ga.
A standard or scale of measurement.
ı׼Χ
A standard dimension, quantity, or capacity.
߶ȣ׼׼ݻ
An instrument for measuring or testing.
õ
A means of estimating or evaluating; a test:
ƻ۵һַʽ
a gauge of character.See Synonyms at standard 
һԸԲμ standard
Nautical The position of a vessel in relation to another vessel and the wind.
 λãһһֻͷλ
The distance between the two rails of a railroad.
ࣺ·ֹ֮ľ
The distance between two wheels on an axle.
־ࣺһԳ֮ľ
The interior diameter of a shotgun barrel as determined by the number of lead balls of a size exactly fitting the barrel that are required to make one pound. Often used in combination:
ھǹǹܵڲߴ磬ÿԲĿʾǦǡװǹܡڸϴУ
a 12-gauge shotgun.
12ھǹ
The amount of plaster of Paris combined with common plaster to speed setting of the mixture.
ʯͱͨҽϵʯԼ
Thickness or diameter, as of sheet metal or wire.
ֱȣĺȻߵֱ
The fineness of knitted cloth as determined by the number of loops per 1? inches.
ࣺ֯Ʒϸȣÿ1?ӢеȦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gauged Ҳ gaged gaug.ing gag.ing gaug.es gag.es  
To measure precisely.
ȷز
To determine the capacity, volume, or contents of.
ⶨȷ
To evaluate or judge:
жϣ
gauge a person's ability.
һ˵
To adapt to a specified measurement.
ãӦһرĲ
To mix (plaster) in specific proportions.
ʯࣺضͣʯࣩ
To chip or rub (bricks or stones) to size.
иĥ޵ķѣשʯ޳Ҫĳߴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French [gauging rod] 
Դ ŷ [Ϲ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
gaugeable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
gay
gay
AHD:[g3] 
D.J.[ge!]
K.K.[ge]
adj.ݴʣ
gay.er,gay.est 
Showing or characterized by cheerfulness and lighthearted excitement; merry.
ֵģģֳֵġļģģ˵
Bright or lively, especially in color:
ɫʻģĻ˵ģָɫ
a gay, sunny room.
һġķ
Of, relating to, or sharing the lifestyle and concerns of the homosexual community.
ͬģйػͬߵʽϵģͬߵʽ
Homosexual.
ͬ
Given to social pleasures.
Ѱֵ
Dissolute; licentious.
ŵģ޷
n.ʣ
A gay person, especially an openly gay person in contemporary society.
Ծˣֵģָе˼뿪ŵ
?
Middle English gai 
йӢ gai 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[possibly of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
gayness
n.ʣ
?
The wordgay  is now standard in its use to refer to the American homosexual community and its members;in this use it is generally lowercased.Gay is distinguished from homosexual  
in emphasizing the cultural and social aspects of homosexuality.Many writers reservegay  for male homosexuals, but the word is also used to refer to homosexuals of both sexes;when 
the intended meaning is not clear in the context,the phrasegay and lesbian  should be used. Like the other names of social groups that are derived from adjectives (e.g.,Black ), gay 
may be regarded as offensive when used as a noun to refer to particular individuals, as inThere were two gays on the panel;  here a phrase such asgay people  should be used instead. 
But there is no objection to the use of the noun in the pluralto refer to the general gay community,as inGays have united in opposition to the policy.  See Usage Note at homosexual 
gay ÷ѱձܣ ָͬ弰Ա÷УһСдGay  homosexual  ǰǿͬߵĻ᷽档Ұgay 
޶ͬߣ ҲָԱͬߣĵ֮ⲻ̫ȷʱͬԺͬŮ Աʹá ݴ
Ⱥһ磬  gay ΪһʹãָһЩĸʱܻᱻΪйԣ There were two gays on the panel  ڴ˴Ӧôgay 
people 档 ǲû˷ʵĸʽָһͬ壬ͬѾŽԿ  μ homosexual
?
Gay
Gay
AHD:[g3] John (1685-1732) 
D.J.[ge!]
K.K.[ge]
NONE޴ԣ
English writer known especially for his playThe Beggar's Opera  (1728). 
Լ(1685-1732) Ӣңؤĸ硷 1728꣩ 

= =
gaze
gaze
AHD:[g3z] 
D.J.[ge!z]
K.K.[gez]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
gazed,gaz.ing,gaz.es 
To look steadily, intently, and with fixed attention.
ӣעӣõءеؿעؿ
n.ʣ
A steady, fixed look.
ӣעӣã̶ؿ
?
Middle English gasen 
йӢ gasen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
gazer
n.ʣ
?
gaze,stare,gape,glare,peer,ogle
These verbs mean to look long and intently.
Щʵ˼ǳöעؿš
 Gaze  refers to prolonged looking that is often indicative of wonder, fascination, awe, or admiration: 
 Gaze  ָͨʱ桢η𾴵ؿ 
gazing at the stars;
ۿǣ
gazed into her eyes. Tostare is to gaze fixedly; the word can indicate curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity: 
ע۾ Stare ̶ָӣ ʰʾ桢¸ҡò޴ 
stared at them in disbelief;
ɵضǣ
staring into the distance.
ĲɵضԶ
Gape  suggests a prolonged open-mouthed look reflecting amazement, awe, or lack of intelligence: 
Gape  ʾһֳõġŴı飬ʾ桢η 
tourists gaping at the sights. Toglare is to fix another with a hard, piercing stare:  
οŴ쿴žɫ Glare ָһеġ͵Ӷţ  
He glared furiously at me when I contradicted him. Topeer  is to look narrowly, searchingly, and seemingly with difficulty:  
෴ʱصҿ Peer ָǳءעءƺѵؿ  
peered through her spectacles at the contract. Toogle is to stare in an amorous, usually impertinent manner:  
ͨ۾źͬ Ogle ָţһֶġķʽ  
construction workers on their lunch hour ogling passing women. 
緹ʱɫԵضžĸŮ 

= =
gear
gear
AHD:[g?r] 
D.J.[g!*]
K.K.[g!r]
n.ʣ
A toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction.
֣гݵĻһֻףһгݲϣԴ˶ı䷽ٶ
A complete assembly that performs a specific function in a larger machine.
װãһװһзӾ幦
A transmission configuration for a specific ratio of engine to axle torque in a motor vehicle.
ŵһװãһתоڻ
Equipment, such as tools or clothing, used for a particular activity; paraphernalia:
豸װ繤߻·һþߣ
fishing gear.See Synonyms at equipment 
㹤߲μ equipment
Clothing and accessories:
·װƷ
the latest gear for teenagers.
µ
Personal belongings, including clothing:
Ʒ˽˲·
keeps her gear in a trunk.
·һ
The harness for a horse.

Nautical 
 
A ship's rigging.
ߣϵ
A sailor's personal effects.
Աĸ˲
v.ʣ
geared,gear.ing,gears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To equip with gears.
Գװ
To connect by gears.
Գ
To put into gear.
ѳװȥ
To adjust or adapt so as to make suitable:
ʹʺϣ
geared the speech to a conservative audience.
ݽӦصĹ
To provide with gear; equip.
װṩߣװ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come into or be in gear.
ϣһ
To become adjusted so as to fit or blend.
ͣãڰװ
?
gear up
To get ready for a coming action or event:
Ϊ׼ãΪһҪж¼׼
a group of investors who had geared up for the takeover fight.
ѾΪ沢׼һȺͶ
?
Middle English gere [equipment] 
йӢ gere [װ] 
from Old Norse gervi ; akin to  gera [to do, make, make ready] 
Դ ˹ά gervi   gera [ɣ׼] 

= =
gene
gene
AHD:[j?n] 
D.J.[d9i8n]
K.K.[d9in]
n.ʣ
A hereditary unit that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes exist in a number of different forms and can 
undergo mutation.
һȾɫռһλõһŴ壬л֯Ժöֲͬʽ֣ܷ
?
From Greek genos [race, offspring] * see  gen- 
Դ ϣ genos [壬] *μ gen- 

= =
general
gen.er.al
AHD:[jnr-l] 
D.J.[6d9en*r*l]
K.K.[6d9Wn*r*l]
adj.Abbr. gen.,genl.ݴʣд gen.,genl.
Concerned with, applicable to, or affecting the whole or every member of a class or category:
ȫģȫģһŻȫÿһԱйϵġõġӰģ
subduing all her impressions as a woman, to something more general(Virginia Woolf)
ѹһŮԵʣһһ(ǡֶ)
Affecting or characteristic of the majority of those involved; prevalent:
ձģеģӰйĴģдģеģ
general discontent.
ձĲ
Being usually the case; true or applicable in most instances but not all:
µģԵģǴ״ģ󲿷ζʵõĵȫ
the general correctness of her decisions.
ľ߻ȷ
Not limited in scope, area, or application:
һԵģģ򡢵Ӧõģ
as a general rule.
һ
Not limited to or dealing with one class of things; diversified:
ģͨģڻ򲻽һģԪģ
general studies.
Ԫо
Involving only the main features rather than precise details:
ϵģֻ漰ҪǾϸϸڵģ
a general grasp of the subject.
һѧƵĴ
Highest or superior in rank:
ߵģְλ߻ռƵλģ
the general manager.
ܾ
n.ʣ
Abbr. Gen.
д Gen.
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above lieutenant general.
һϽ½վ򺣾ξ֮һ
One who holds this rank or a similar rank in another military organization.
˾٣һֲ֯ӵд˹λƹε
A general officer.
߼
A statement, principle, or fact that embraces or is applicable to the whole.
ԭ򣺳ԭʵȫ
Archaic The public.
 
?
in general
Generally.
ձ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin gener3s 
Դ  gener3s 
from genus  gener- [kind] * see  gen- 
Դ genus  gener- [] *μ gen- 
?
generalness
n.ʣ
?
general,common,generic,universal
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is belonging to, relating to, or affecting the whole: 
Щݴе˼ǣȫģȫйػȫӰġ 
the general welfare;
ձ鸣
a common enemy;
ͬˣ
generic differences between birds and reptiles;
ж֮һ
universal military conscription. particular 
㷺ľļ particular

= =
generalize
gen.er.al.ize
AHD:[jnr--loz] 
D.J.[6d9en*r*7la!z]
K.K.[6d9Wn*r*7la!z]
v.ʣ
gen.er.al.ized,gen.er.al.iz.ing,gen.er.al.iz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce to a general form, class, or law.
ʹһ㻯һձʽ
To render indefinite or unspecific.
ʹʹȷ򲻾
To infer from many particulars.
ɣ
To draw inferences or a general conclusion from.
ӡеóۻһձ
To make generally or universally applicable.
ʹձãʹȫ
To popularize.
ƹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a concept inductively.
ɹɷóһ
To form general notions or conclusions.
γһĸ
To deal in generalities; speak or write vaguely.
ŵشģ˵д
Medicine To spread through the body. Used of a usually localized disease.
ҽѧ ȫȫھֲļ

= =
generally
gen.er.al.ly
AHD:[jnr--l?] 
D.J.[6d9en*r*li8]
K.K.[6d9Wn*r*li]
adv.Abbr. gen.ʣд gen.
Popularly; widely:
㷺أձأ
generally known.
ձ֪
As a rule; usually:
棻ͨ
The child generally has little to say.
СûʲôҪ˵
For the most part:
Ҫأ
a generally boring speech.
һҪݶܷζݽ
Without reference to particular instances or details; not specifically:
أ漰رӻϸڣ壺
generally speaking.
һ֮

= =
generate
gen.er.ate
AHD:[jn-r3t] 
D.J.[6d9en*7re!t]
K.K.[6d9Wn*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gen.er.at.ed,gen.er.at.ing,gen.er.ates 
To bring into being; give rise to:
γɣɣ
generate a discussion.
һ
To produce as a result of a chemical or physical process:
ӦΪѧ仯̵Ľ
generate heat.

To engender (offspring); procreate.

Mathematics To form (a geometric figure) by describing a curve or surface.
ѧ γɣͼΣû߻һͼΣ
Computer Science To produce (a program) by instructing a computer to follow given parameters with a skeleton program.
ѧ ɣͨڿܳĸһ
?
Latin gener3e  gener3t- [to produce] 
 gener3e  gener3t- [] 
from genus  gener- [birth] * see  gen- 
Դ genus  gener- [] *μ gen- 

= =
generation
gen.er.a.tion
AHD:[jn-r3shn] 
D.J.[7d9en*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7d9Wn*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
All of the offspring that are at the same stage of descent from a common ancestor:
һԴͬһұͬеĺ
Mother and daughters represent two generations.
ĸ׺ŮǴ
Biology A form or stage in the life cycle of an organism:
ѧ һлѭһ״̬׶Σ
asexual generation of a fern.
ާֲ״̬
The average interval of time between the birth of parents and the birth of their offspring.
ĸĳǺĵһƽʱ
A group of individuals born and living about the same time.
һˣͬˣͬһʱһ
A group of generally contemporaneous individuals regarded as having common cultural or social characteristics and attitudes:
ͬʱˣΪйͬĻص̬ȵĴϴͬһʱһˣ
They're the television generation(Roger Enrico)
ǵ塱(޽ܡ)
A period of sequential technological development and innovation.
׶Σļչ͸µһʱ
A class of objects derived from a preceding class:
ǰһһ
a new generation of computers.
Ե
The act or process of generating; origination, production, or procreation.
ֳΪ̣Դֳ
?
generational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
generator
gen.er.a.tor
AHD:[jn-r3tr] 
D.J.[6d9en*7re!t*]
K.K.[6d9Wn*7ret+]
n.Abbr. gen.ʣд gen.
One that generates, especially a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
ָѻеתΪܵĻ
An apparatus that generates vapor or gas.
Ļ
A circuit that generates a specified waveform.
涨εĵ·
Mathematics See  generatrix 
ѧ μ  generatrix
Computer Science A program that produces specific programs from the definition of an operation.
ѧ ɳ򣬷㶨в涨һ

= =
generous
gen.er.ous
AHD:[jnr-s] 
D.J.[6d9en*r*s]
K.K.[6d9Wn*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Liberal in giving or sharing.See Synonyms at liberal 
󷽵ģĻĲμ liberal
Characterized by nobility and forbearance in thought or behavior; magnanimous.
еģ˼ΪԸ߹ͿΪģ
Marked by abundance; ample:
ʢģԳԣΪģḻģ
a generous slice of cake.
һĵ
Having a rich bouquet and flavor:
ζŨģŨζͷζģ
a generous wine.
ζŨľ
Obsolete Of noble lineage.
 ŵڸ߹ģ߹Ѫͳ
?
French genereux [of noble birth, magnanimous] 
 genereux [߹ģе] 
from Latin gener?s 
Դ  gener?s 
from genus  gener- [birth] * see  gen- 
Դ genus  gener- [] *μ gen- 
?
generously
adv.ʣ
generousness
n.ʣ

= =
genetic
ge.net.ic
AHD:[j-nt1k]  Ҳ ge.net.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[d9*6net!k] Ҳ ge.net.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[d9*6nWt!k] Ҳ ge.net.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to genetics or genes.
ģŴģڻŴ
Affecting or affected by genes:
ӰĻ򱻻Ӱģ
a genetic disorder.
ʧ
Of, relating to, or influenced by the origin or development of something.
ݱģڻĳԴչ
Linguistics Of or relating to the relationship between or among languages that are descendants of a protolanguage.
ѧ ʷģڡһԭʼĸ֧֮ϵ
?
From Greek genetikos [genitive] 
Դ ϣ genetikos [и] 
from genesis [origin] * see  genesis 
Դ genesis [Դ] *μ genesis
?
genetically
adv.ʣ

= =
genius
gen.ius
AHD:[j?nys] 
D.J.[6d9i8nj*s]
K.K.[6d9inj*s]
n.ʣ
 gen.ius.es 
Extraordinary intellectual and creative power.
ʹ
A person of extraordinary intellect and talent:
ţгˣ
One is not born a genius, one becomes a genius(Simone de Beauvoir)
ţǱŵġ(ȡ¡߶)
A person who has an exceptionally high intelligence quotient, typically above 140.
̵ˣˣ쳣ߵˣԸ140Ϊ
A strong natural talent, aptitude, or inclination:
츳һֺǿ츳ܡʻȺã
has a genius for choosing the right words.
ѡȷʵ츳
One who has such a talent or inclination:
ܻ츳ˣ
a genius at diplomacy.
һ⽻
The prevailing spirit or distinctive character, as of a place, a person, or an era:
ɫһطһ˻һеķصص㣺
the genius of Elizabethan England.
ɯŮʱӢз
pl. ge.ni.i[j?n?-o]  Roman Mythology A tutelary deity or guardian spirit of a person or place.
 ge.ni.i[j?n?-o]  񻰡 ػһ˻طıػ
A person who has great influence over another.
о޴Ӱ
A jinni in Moslem mythology.
ħ֣˹еһ
?
Middle English [guardian spirit] 
йӢ [ػ] 
from Latin * see  gen- 
Դ  *μ gen- 

= =
gentle
gen.tle
AHD:[jntl] 
D.J.[6d9entl]
K.K.[6d9Wnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
gen.tler,gen.tlest 
Considerate or kindly in disposition; amiable and tender.
ƵģͰģµĻͰģƵģ˳
Not harsh or severe; mild and soft:
͵ģҵģĻģº͵ģģ
a gentle scolding; a gentle tapping at the window.
º͵ĳڴ
Easily managed or handled; docile:
ѱģ׹Ļģѱģ
a gentle horse.
ѱ
Not steep or sudden; gradual:
͵ĻͻȻģ𽥵ģ
a gentle incline.

Of good family; wellborn.
߹ģŵ
Suited to one of good breeding; refined and polite.
нģģýƵģŵģò
Archaic Noble; chivalrous:
 ߹ģģ
a gentle knight.
ʿ
n.Archaic ʣ 
One of good birth or relatively high station.
õˣλϸߵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gen.tled,gen.tling,gen.tles 
To make less severe or intense:
ʹͣʹò򲻽ţ
The peaceful sunset gentled her dreadful mood.
Ϧµ
To soothe, as by stroking; pacify.
ʹºܴͣʱοʹƽ
To tame or break (a domestic animal, for instance):
ѱʹѱ
gentle a horse.
ѱһƥ
To raise to the status of a noble.
ʹ߹ȡùĵλ
?
Middle English gentil [courteous, noble] 
йӢ gentil [ǫģ߹] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gentos [of the same clan] 
Դ  gentos [ͬһ] 
from g?s  gent- [clan] * see  gen- 
Դ g?s  gent- [] *μ gen- 
?
gentleness
n.ʣ
gently
adv.ʣ

= =
gentleman
gen.tle.man
AHD:[jntl-mn] 
D.J.[6d9entlm*n]
K.K.[6d9Wnt1m*n]
n.ʣ
A man of gentle or noble birth or superior social position:
ʿݵġ߹Ļнϸλӣ
He's too much a gentleman to be a scholar(Aphra Behn)
˵ѧߵ˵һλʿ(ܽ)
A well-mannered and considerate man with high standards of proper behavior.See Usage Note at lady 
ʿֹš˵ӣŸ߱׼ĵֹμ lady
A man of independent means who does not need to have a wage-paying job.
蹤
A man:
ӣ
Do you know this gentleman?
ʶ
gentlemen Used as a form of address for a group of men.
 gentlemen λһȺӵĳƺ
A manservant; a valet.
ͣ
?
gentlemanly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
genuine
gen.u.ine
AHD:[jny?-1n] 
D.J.[6d9enju8!n]
K.K.[6d9Wnju!n]
adj.ݴʣ
Actually possessing the alleged or apparent attribute or character:
ģؾνĻȻʻģ
genuine leather.
Ƥ
Not spurious or counterfeit; authentic.See Synonyms at authentic 
ģƷģαģǼðģĲμ authentic
Honestly felt or experienced:
ϵģϵظܻģ
genuine devotion.
ϵ
Actual; real:
ģʵģ
a genuine dilemma.
ľ
Free from hypocrisy or dishonesty; sincere.
ֿģĻαƵģֿ
Being of pure or original stock:
ģڵģԭζģ
a genuine Hawaiian.

?
Latin genuos [natural] 
 genuos [еģȻ] 
possibly from alteration of ingenuus [native, freeborn] * see  ingenuous 
Դ ingenuusı仯 [ģ] *μ ingenuous
?
genuinely
adv.ʣ
genuineness
n.ʣ

= =
geography
ge.og.ra.phy
AHD:[j?-?gr-f?] 
D.J.[d9i86Kgr*fi8]
K.K.[d9i6$gr*fi]
n.ʣ
 ge.og.ra.phies д geog.
The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity.
ѧоۺ͵ֲĿѧӰ
The physical characteristics, especially the surface features, of an area.
ΣòĳһȻָرص
A book on geography.
ѧ鼮
An ordered arrangement of constituent elements:
֣ҪصУ
charting a geography of the mind.
еͼ
?
Latin ge?a 
 ge?a 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
ge?- [geo-] 
ge?- [ѧ] 
-graphia [-graphy] 
-graphia [ĳΪݵĻĳһڵ] 
?
geographer
n.ʣ

= =
geology
ge.ol.o.gy
AHD:[j?-?l-j?] 
D.J.[d9i86Kl*d9i8]
K.K.[d9i6$l*d9i]
n.ʣ
 ge.ol.o.gies д geol.
The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth.
ѧԵԴʷͽṹĿѧо
The structure of a specific region of the earth's crust.
ؿĳһؿǵĽṹ
A book on geology.
ѧ鼮
The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid matter of a celestial body.
ѧĹʵԴʷͽṹĿѧо
?
Medieval Latin ge?a [study of earthly things] 
 ge?a [Եʵо] 
Greek ge?- [geo-] 
ϣ ge?- [ѧ] 
Greek -logia [-logy] 
ϣ -logia [ۣѧ] 
?
geologic
AHD:[j?-l?j1k]   geo.logi.cal ݴʣ
geologically
adv.ʣ
geologist
n.ʣ

= =
geometry
ge.om.e.try
AHD:[j?-?m1-tr?] 
D.J.[d9i86Km!tri8]
K.K.[d9i6$m!tri]
n.ʣ
 ge.om.e.tries д geom.
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The mathematics of the properties, measurement, and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids.
ѧо㡢ߡǶȡʵʡ͹ϵѧ
A system of geometry:
ϵ
Euclidean geometry.
ŷＸ
A geometry restricted to a class of problems or objects:
漰һĿļѧ
solid geometry.
弸ѧ
A book on geometry.
ѧ
Configuration; arrangement.
֣
A surface shape.
״
A physical arrangement suggesting geometric forms or lines.
Уͼλһ
?
Middle English geometrie 
йӢ geometrie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ge?a 
Դ  ge?a 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from ge?n [to measure land] 
Դ ge?n [] 
g?} [earth] 
g?} [] 
metron [measure] * see  m?- 2
metron [] *μ m?- 2
?
geometrician
AHD:[j?-?m1-tr1shn, j?-m1-]   ge.ome.ter ʣ

= =
germ
germ
AHD:[j?rm] 
D.J.[d9T8m]
K.K.[d9Pm]
n.ʣ
Biology A small mass of protoplasm or cells from which a new organism or one of its parts may develop.
ѧ ΢ϸ΢СĻʻϸܷµл򲿷л
The earliest form of an organism; a seed, bud, or spore.
ֳϸϸлʽӡѿ
A microorganism, especially a pathogen.
һ΢ָԭ
Something that may serve as the basis of further growth or development:
ѿΣԭΣΪһɳչĻ
the germ of a project.
ƻĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French germe 
Դ ŷ germe 
from Latin germen [bud] * see  gen- 
Դ  germen [ѿ] *μ gen- 

= =
german
german 1
AHD:[j?rmn] 
D.J.[6d9T8m*n]
K.K.[6d9Pm*n]
n.ʣ
An intricate dance for many couples.
ն裺Ůμӵһָӵ赸
A party for dancing at which this dance is featured.
ն᣺赸Ϊɫ
?
Short for German cotillion 
 German cotillionļд 
?
german
german 2
AHD:[j?rmn] 
D.J.[6d9T8m*n]
K.K.[6d9Pm*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the same parents or the same grandparents on either the mother's or the father's side. Often used in combination:
ͬĸģͬ游ĸģڸһĸһͬĸĸ游ĸ游ĸģͨںϳɴʣ
a cousin-german; a brother-german.
ֵܣףֵ
?
Middle English germain 
йӢ germain 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin germ3s 
Դ  germ3s 
from germen [offshoot] * see  gen- 
Դ germen [ϵ] *μ gen- 
?
German
Ger.man
AHD:[j?rmn] 
D.J.[6d9T8m*n]
K.K.[6d9Pm*n]
adj.Abbr. Ger.ݴʣд Ger.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of Germany or its people.
¹ģ¹˵ģڡйػʾ¹ص
Of or relating to the German language.
ڻйص
n.Abbr. Ger.ʣд Ger.
A native or inhabitant of Germany.
¹ˣ¹ı˻
A person of German ancestry.
᣺¹ϵ
The West Germanic language of Germany, Austria, and part of Switzerland.Also called  In this sense, also called High German 
ն¹µͲʿնҲ  ڴҲɳ High German
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin Germ3s 
Դ  Germ3s 

= =
gesture
ges.ture
AHD:[jschr] 
D.J.[6d9est.*]
K.K.[6d9Wst.+]
n.ʣ
A motion of the limbs or body made to express or help express thought or to emphasize speech.
ƣƣ֫ĶԱ뷨ǿ˵Ļ
The act of moving the limbs or body as an expression of thought or emphasis.
鶯֫˼ǿĶ
An act or a remark made as a formality or as a sign of intention or attitude:
̬ʾΪڻͼ̬ȵı־Ķ
sent flowers as a gesture of sympathy.
ͻǳͬıʾ
v.ʣ
ges.tured,ges.tur.ing,ges.tures 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make gestures.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To show, express, or direct by gestures.
Ʊָ֡
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin gest?a [bearing] 
Դ  gest?a [ֹ] 
from Latin gestus [from past participle of] gerere [to behave] 
Դ  gestus  [] ԴgerereĹȥִ [Ϊ] 
?
gestural
adj.ݴʣ
gesturally
adv.ʣ
gesturer
n.ʣ
?
gesture,gesticulation,sign,signal
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an expressive, meaningful bodily motion: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡһбġ֫嶯 
an emphatic gesture of disapproval;
һʽ޳ɵǿƣ
frantic gesticulations in an attempt to get help;
ͼԮĿҵıֻţ
made a sign for silence;
һҪྲƣ
giving the signal to advance. 
ǰź 

= =
ghost
ghost
AHD:[g?st] 
D.J.[g*&st]
K.K.[gost]
n.ʣ
The spirit of a dead person, especially one believed to appear in bodily likeness to living persons or to haunt former habitats.
꣺˵ľָ꣬Ϊڻϻ򾭳ǰסֵ
The center of spiritual life; the soul.
꣺ģ
A demon or spirit.
ħ
A returning or haunting memory or image.
Ӱ󣺳ֻԼʵļӰ
A slight or faint trace:
΢һ˿ϸ΢ĺۼ
just a ghost of a smile.
ֻһ˿΢Ц
The tiniest bit:
С
not a ghost of a chance.
޻
A faint, false image, as:
һ΢õӰ磺
A secondary image on a television or radar screen caused by reflected waves.
Ӱӻ״Ļϳֵɷ䲨
A displaced image in a photograph caused by the optical system of the camera.
ӰĹѧϵͳƬϵӰ
A false spectral line caused by imperfections in the diffraction grating.
ߣդеĲһõĹ
A displaced image in a mirror caused by reflection from the front of the glass.
ɾǰľеĻ
Informal A ghostwriter.
ʽ ׽ߣ
A nonexistent publication listed in bibliographies.
飺Ŀгһֲڵĳ
A fictitious employee or business.
׫ˣ鹹ҵ
Physiology A red blood cell having no hemoglobin.
ѧ ѪӰϸʧȥѪ쵰׵һֺѪϸ
v.ʣ
ghost.ed,ghost.ing,ghosts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Informal To engage in ghostwriting.
ʽ ˴ʣ䵱׽
To move noiselessly like a ghost:
ƵϢƶ
Two young deer ghosted out of the woods(Nancy M. Debevoise)
ֻ¹Ϣܳ֡(ϣM.±˹)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To haunt.
û
Informal To ghostwrite:
ʽ ʣ
was hired to ghost the memoirs of a famous executive.
һĹԱдԴ
?
Middle English gost 
йӢ gost 
from Old English g3t [breath, spirit] 
Դ Ӣ g3t [Ϣ] 
?
ghosty
adj.ݴʣ

= =
giant
gi.ant
AHD:[jont] 
D.J.[6d9a!*nt]
K.K.[6d9a!*nt]
n.ʣ
A person or thing of great size.
ˣ޴˻
A person of extraordinary power, significance, or importance:
ΰˣ׿ԽзǷҪԵˣ
a giant in the field of physics; an intellectual giant.
ѧľˣǻ۳
Greek Mythology One of a race of humanlike beings of enormous strength and stature who were destroyed in battle with the Olympians.
ϣ񻰡 ˣһһо޴ߵ֣ƥ˵սб
A being in folklore or myth similar to one of these beings.
ˣ䴫˵ϵƵ
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by exceptionally great size, magnitude, or power:
޴ģӴģΡر޴
a giant wave; a giant impact.
޴Ĳˣ޴ĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French geant, jaiant 
Դ ŷ geant, jaiant 
from Vulgar Latin *gag3s  gagant- 
Դ  *gag3s  gagant- 
from Latin gig3s 
Դ  gig3s 
from Greek gigas 
Դ ϣ gigas 

= =
gift
gift
AHD:[g1ft] 
D.J.[g!ft]
K.K.[g!ft]
n.ʣ
Something that is bestowed voluntarily and without compensation.
Ʒ貢ҪĶ
The act, right, or power of giving.
裬Ȩ
A talent, an endowment, an aptitude, or a bent.
ţʣܣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gift.ed,gift.ing,gifts 
Usage Problem To present with a gift.
÷ѡ 
To endow with.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse * see  ghabh- 
Դ ˹ά *μ ghabh- 
?
Gift has a long history of use as a verb meaning to present as a gift; endow. The practice appears to provide a useful distinction,in as much as the verbgive  can sometimes be 
ambiguous between to transfer physical possession and to transfer ownership; and in fact a verb analogous togift  is found in a number of other languages  (for example, 
Italianregalare,  to give as a gift, from regalo,  gift, present). Unfortunately the verbal use ofgift  in Modern English is irredeemably tainted (as is its derivative giftable ) by its 
association with the language of advertising and publicity (as in Gift her with this copper warming plate ). In an earlier surveythe usage was rejected by a large majority of the Usage 
Panel.Where clarity is required, substitutessuch asgive as a gift, bestow,  or donate  are recommended.  The phrasefree gift  should, of course, be considered redundant. But the 
increasing currency of its use is indicative mainly of the degree to which the wordgift  itself has been expropriated by advertisers to refer to merchandise offerings to which an obligation 
is attachedif not a direct price, then taking a test drive,sitting through a sales pitch, or enrolling in a book club.It is perhaps to this use ofgift,  rather than to the redundancy free gift,  
that critics ought most strenuously to object. 
Gift Ϊ衱÷кܳʷˣ ֹ÷ĳṩõ֣ΪΪgive ʱڡβƲ͡Ȩ֮ģ
ɵ˼ ʵgift ĴϽ regalare Ϊ衱 regalo Ʒ ҵgift ִӢж
ʵ÷ڹԺ͹ԵϵصرȾˣ giftable  ͭůΪ  ڽһУ÷󲿷ֵ÷ר
ʹСĳԱԡΪڴ˴÷һЩʣgive as a gift, bestow  donate ˡ free gift ȻӦñΪǶģ ÷Ѹʹ
Ҫʾgift ʱöָṩƷŻһָӵ񡪡ֱӵļ۸ ôͲμһξȴƷһֲб
ǼǡҲgift ÷Ӧñ free gift Ϊ 
?
GIFT
GIFT
abbr.
 gamete intrafallopian transfer 
gamete intrafallopian transfer

= =
gigantic
gi.gan.tic
AHD:[jo-g2nt1k] 
D.J.[d9a!6g#nt!k]
K.K.[d9a!6g#nt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or suggestive of a giant.
޴ģӴģ޴Ļйص
Exceedingly large of its kind:
ȴࣺ
a gigantic toadstool.
޴ɡƾ
Very large or extensive:
ǳĻģ
a gigantic corporation.See Synonyms at enormous 
һ޴μ enormous
?
From Latin gig3s  gigant- [giant] * see  giant 
Դ  gig3s  gigant- [] *μ giant
or from Greek gigantikos  from gigas  gigant- [giant] 
Դ ϣ gigantikos  Դ gigas  gigant- [] 
?
gigantically
adv.ʣ

= =
girl
girl
AHD:[g?rl] 
D.J.[gT8l]
K.K.[gPl]
n.ʣ
A female child.
СŮ
An immature or inexperienced woman, especially a young woman.
ŮδĻ޾ŮӣָŮ
A daughter:
Ů
our youngest girl.
СŮ
Informal A grown woman:
ʽ Ůˣ
a night out with the girls.
һȥ
A female who comes from or belongs to a particular place:
ŮԣһطĻһĵطŮԣ
a city girl.
Ů
Offensive A female servant, such as a maid.
 Ụ̊ŮͣŮˣһŮӶ
A female sweetheart:
Ůˣ
cadets escorting their girls to the ball.
УѧԱǻǵŮȥ
?
Middle English girle [child, girl] 
йӢ girle [ӣŮ] 
?
girlhood
n.ʣ

= =
given
giv.en
AHD:[g1vn] 
D.J.[6g!v*n]
K.K.[6g!v*n]
v.ʣ
Past participle of give 
 giveĹȥִ
adj.ݴʣ
Specified; fixed:
ָģȷģ
We will meet at a given time and location.
ǽָʱ͵ص
Granted as a supposition; acknowledged or assumed:
ģٶģϵĻģ
Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.
ܷⷢĻǲ˼
Having a tendency; inclined:
Сģڡģ
My neighbor is given to lavish spending.
ҵھϲһǮ
Bestowed as a gift; presented.
͵ģΪģ͵
Law Issued on a specified date. Used of legal documents.
ɡ ʩеģģָڷеġڷļ
n.ʣ
Something assumed or taken for granted. Often used in the plural.
裺Ļ뵱Ȼø

= =
glad
glad 1
AHD:[gl2d] 
D.J.[gl#d]
K.K.[gl#d]
adj.ݴʣ
glad.der,glad.dest 
Experiencing or exhibiting joy and pleasure.
˵ģֵģչʾֺ͸˵
Appreciative:
мģ
was glad of the fire's warmth.
ǳмů
Providing joy and pleasure:
ṩֺ͸˵ģ
a glad occasion.
˸˵ĳ
Very willing; pleased:
ǳģǳģ
glad to help.
ԸЧ
Bright and cheerful:
Ϳֵģ
a glad May morning.
һϲ˵µ糿
Archaic Having a naturally cheerful disposition.
 ԿʵģȻԵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
glad.ded,glad.ding,glads  
To gladden.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gl?d * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ gl?d *μ ghel- 2
?
gladly
adv.ʣ
gladness
n.ʣ
?
glad,happy,cheerful,lighthearted,joyful,joyous
These adjectives mean being in or showing good spirits.
Щݴָںõľлֳþ
 Glad   often refers to the feeling that results from the gratification of a wish or from satisfaction with immediate circumstances: 
 Glad  ָԸĻǶֱӵΧĸо 
is glad of her success;
Ϊĳɹˣ
was glad he had seen her.
ǳѾˣ
Some folks rail against other folks, because other folks have what some folks would be glad of (Henry Fielding).
һЩ˱ԹһЩˣΪһЩӵΪ֮˵ Ѷ
 Happy  applies to a pleasurable feeling of contentment,as from a sense of fulfillment: 
 Happy  ʸоԸʵֺһָо 
Ask yourself whether you are happy, and you cease to be so (John Stuart Mill).
ԼǷ֣Ȼֹͣ Լ˹ͼء׶
 Cheerful  suggests the good spirits characteristic of a person who is pleased with something or who has a naturally outgoing nature: 
 Cheerful  ĳ˵˻ԸԵеĺõľ 
She was as cheerful as anyone confined to a hospital bed could be.
κһҽԺϵһ֡
Lighthearted  stresses the absence of care: 
Lighthearted  ǿȱٹģ 
He whistles as he goes, lighthearted wretch,/Cold and yet cheerful (William Cowper).
߱ߴڣǵСһ/䵫Ȼܸˡ ķ꣩
 Joyful  andjoyous  suggest lively, often exultant happiness:  
 Joyful  joyous ʾģǿϲĸˣ  
a joyful heart;
ϲģ
a joyful state of affairs;
Ļ״̬
joyous laughter;
ֵЦ
joyous news. 
˸˵ 
?
glad
glad 2
AHD:[gl2d] 
D.J.[gl#d]
K.K.[gl#d]
n.Botany ʣֲѧ 
A gladiolus.
ѣ

= =
glance
glance 1
AHD:[gl2ns] 
D.J.[gl#ns]
K.K.[gl#ns]
v.ʣ
glanced,glanc.ing,glanc.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct the gaze briefly:
Եؿһ£
glance at the menu; glanced in the rearview mirror.
Եؿһ²˵ɨһ·Ӿ
To move rapidly from one thing to another. Used of the eyes.
ɨӣѸٴһתһ۾
To shine briefly; glint.See Synonyms at flash 
΢⣻˸μ flash
To strike a surface at such an angle as to be deflected:
ӹһǶбĳһ棺
A pebble glanced off the windshield.See Synonyms at brush 1
һСʯӲ粣μ brush1
To make a passing reference; touch briefly:
ᵽԵش
a history course that only glanced at the Korean conflict.
һֻᵽսʷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike (a surface) at an angle; graze:
ʹʹӹһǶȻһ棩ʹ
The arrow glanced the target but didn't stick.
Ŀ굫ȴûй̶ס
To cause to strike a surface at an angle:
ʹһǶȻһ棺
glanced a stone off the wall.
ʹһʯͷǽ
n.ʣ
A brief or cursory look:
ԵĻִٵĿ
gave the paper a glance before breakfast.
֮ǰһ±ֽ
A quick flash of light; a gleam.
ļ˸
An oblique movement following impact; a deflection:
бһӣб˶бƫб
The car struck the barrier and went off at a glance.
ײ˲б˳ȥ
?
at first glance
On initial consideration:
ϣ
At first glance the plan seemed unworkable.
էһ˼ƻ󲻿
?
Middle English glauncen 
йӢ glauncen 
alteration  influenced by glenten [to shine] * see  ghel- 2
   glentenӰ [˸] *μ ghel- 2
of glacen 
 glacenı仯 
from Old French glacer [to slide] * see  glacis 
Դ ŷ glacer [] *μ glacis
?
glance
glance 2
AHD:[gl2ns] 
D.J.[gl#ns]
K.K.[gl#ns]
n.ʣ
Any of various minerals that have a brilliant luster:
򻯿һֺзḻĿ
silver glance.

?
German Glanz 
 Glanz 
from Middle High German glanz 
Դ йŸߵص glanz 
from Old High German [bright] * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ÿߵص [] *μ ghel- 2

= =
glare
glare 1
AHD:[glar] 
D.J.[gle*]
K.K.[glWr]
v.ʣ
glared,glar.ing,glares 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stare fixedly and angrily.See Synonyms at gaze 
ŭӣʹطŭصŲμ gaze
To shine intensely and blindingly:
ۣǿҡѣĿĹ⣺
A hot sun glared down on the desert.
ȵ̫ǿɳĮ
To be conspicuous; stand out obtrusively:
ԣڣͻ
The headline glared from the page.
ͻһҳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express by staring angrily:
ŭĿӣ
He glared his disapproval.
ŭĿķ
n.ʣ
A fierce or angry stare.
ŭӣŭջĶſ
An intense, blinding light.See Synonyms at blaze 1
ǿҵģ۵Ĺμ blaze1
Garish or showy brilliance; gaudiness.
ҫۣҫۻҫĹԣʵ
?
Middle English glaren [to glitter] ; akin to  Middle Low German glaren [to glisten] * see  ghel- 2
йӢ glaren [˸]   йŵ͵ص glaren [⣬˸] *μ ghel- 2
?
glare
glare 2
AHD:[glar] 
D.J.[gle*]
K.K.[glWr]
n.ʣ
A sheet or surface of glassy and very slippery ice.
⻬ı棺ĺͺܹ⻬ıı
?
Probably from glare 1
Դ glare1

= =
glass
glass
AHD:[gl2s] 
D.J.[gl#s]
K.K.[gl#s]
n.ʣ
Any of a large class of materials with highly variable mechanical and optical properties that solidify from the molten state without crystallization, are typically made by silicates fusing 
with boric oxide, aluminum oxide, or phosphorus pentoxide, are generally hard, brittle, and transparent or translucent, and are considered to be supercooled liquids rather than true 
solids.
иָ߻е͹ѧԵһϣᾧ̶ڻ״̶̬ɣù׺ƶɣһӲ飬͸͸
ΪǳҺĹ
Something usually made of glass, especially:
ƷָͨɲƳɵģ䣺
A drinking vessel.
ˮ
A mirror.

A barometer.
ѹ
A window or windowpane.

glasses A pair of lenses mounted in a light frame, used to correct faulty vision or protect the eyes.
 glasses ۾ĿͿУھ򱣻۾һԾƬ
Often glasses A binocular or field glass.
  glasses ˫Ŀ˫ͲԶ
A device, such as a monocle or spyglass, containing a lens or lenses and used as an aid to vision.
͸һ͸ڸһֹߣ絥Ƭ۾СԶ
The quantity contained by a drinking vessel; a glassful.
һ֮һ
Objects made of glass; glassware.
ƷƳɵ壻Ʒ
v.ʣ
glassed,glass.ing,glass.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enclose or encase with glass.
װϲ
To put into a glass container.
ѡװ벣
To provide with glass or glass parts.
Բ
To make glassy; glaze.
ʹɲ״װ
To see reflected, as in a mirror.
ӳ䣬ھ
To reflect.

To scan (a tract of land or forest, for example) with an optical instrument.
ӣùѧ磬һƬػɭ֣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become glassy.
Ϊ״
To use an optical instrument, as in looking for game.
ùѧۿ
?
Middle English glas 
йӢ glas 
from Old English gl?s * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ gl?s *μ ghel- 2
?
Glass
Glass
AHD:[gl2s] Carter (1858-1946) 
D.J.[gl#s]
K.K.[gl#s]
NONE޴ԣ
American politician who as U.S. representative from Virginia (1902-1919), secretary of the treasury (1918-1920), and U.S. senator (1920-1946) was instrumental in the founding and 
administration of the Federal Reserve System.
˹أ(1858-1946) μңݴ1902-1919꣩󳼣1918-1920꣩Ա1920-1946꣩ϵͳ͹
һ

= =
gleam
gleam
AHD:[gl?m] 
D.J.[gli8m]
K.K.[glim]
n.ʣ
A brief beam or flash of light:
΢⣬⣺˲Ĺ⣺
saw gleams of daylight through the cracks.
ӷ϶п
A steady but subdued shining; a glow:
⣬ȶ͵Ĺ⣻΢⣺
the gleam of burnished gold.
ƽĹ
A brief or dim indication; a trace:
󣺶ݻģİʾ
a gleam of intelligence.
ǻ۵Ĺâ
v.ʣ
gleamed,gleam.ing,gleams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emit a gleam; flash or glow:
⣻˸򷢹⣺
It shone with gold and gleamed with ivory(Edith Hamilton)See Synonyms at flash 
ⷺ(˿ܶ)μ flash
To be manifested or indicated briefly or faintly.
է֣֣ݵػ΢صʾʾ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to emit a flash of light.
ʹ⣬ʹҫ
?
Middle English glem 
йӢ glem 
from Old English gl?m * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ gl?m *μ ghel- 2
?
gleamer
n.ʣ

= =
glide
glide
AHD:[glod] 
D.J.[gla!d]
K.K.[gla!d]
v.ʣ
glid.ed,glid.ing,glides 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in a smooth, effortless manner:
Уƽġķʽƶ
a submarine gliding through the water.See Synonyms at slide 
Ǳͧˮʻμ slide
To move silently and furtively.
ĵߣƶ
To occur or pass imperceptibly.
ţ޾طͨ
To fly without propulsion. Used of an aircraft.
裺ָɻƶķ
Music To blend one tone into the next; slur.
֡ ƣһһԲؽ
Linguistics To articulate a glide in speech.
ѧ зٴһһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move or pass smoothly, silently, or imperceptibly.
ʹʹأز֪ƶͨ
n.ʣ
The act of gliding.
Ϊ
Music A slur.
֡ Բ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The transitional sound produced by passing from the articulatory position of one speech sound to that of another.
һַλõһַλʱĹ
See  semivowel 
μ  semivowel
?
Middle English gliden 
йӢ gliden 
from Old English glon * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ glon *μ ghel- 2

= =
glimpse
glimpse
AHD:[gl1mps] 
D.J.[gl!mps]
K.K.[gl!mps]
n.ʣ
A brief, incomplete view or look.
һƳһ̴ٵģԵһƳһ
Archaic A brief flash of light.
 ⣺ݵ
v.ʣ
glimpsed,glimps.ing,glimps.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain a brief, incomplete view of.
Ƴ̵ƳԵؿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To look briefly; glance:
Ƴ̵һƳɨӣ
glimpsed at the headlines.
һ±
?
Middle English glimsen * see  ghel- 2
йӢ glimsen *μ ghel- 2
?
glimpser
n.ʣ

= =
glitter
glit.ter
AHD:[gl1tr] 
D.J.[6gl!t*]
K.K.[6gl!t+]
n.ʣ
A sparkling or glistening light.
˸Ĺ
Brilliant or showy, often superficial attractiveness.
ˣָʵ
Small pieces of light-reflecting decorative material.
ССƬķװβ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
glit.tered,glit.ter.ing,glit.ters 
To sparkle brilliantly; glisten.See Synonyms at flash 
⣻˸μ flash
To sparkle coldly or malevolently:
ػ񶾵⣺
eyes that glittered at the prospect of revenge.
Ÿâ˫
To be brilliantly, often deceptively, attractive.
ָٵأʵ
?
Middle English gliteren 
йӢ gliteren 
from Old Norse glitra * see  ghel- 2
Դ ˹ά glitra *μ ghel- 2
?
glitteringly
adv.ʣ
glittery
adj.ݴʣ

= =
global
glob.al
AHD:[gl?bl] 
D.J.[6gl*&b*l]
K.K.[6glob*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the shape of a globe; spherical.
εģ״ģ
Of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide:
ȫģȫģйȫĻ漰ȫģȫģ
global war; global monetary policies.
սȫ
Comprehensive; total:
ۺϵģȫģ
a . . . global, generalized sense of loss(Maggie Scarf)
׵ʧ(꼪˹)
Computer Science Of or relating to an entire program, document, or file.
ѧ ȫֵģȫ̵ģģڻĵļ
?
globally
adv.ʣ

= =
globe
globe
AHD:[gl?b] 
D.J.[gl*&b]
K.K.[glob]
n.ʣ
A body with the shape of a sphere, especially a representation of the earth in the form of a hollow ball.
״壬״ָпյʽĵ
The earth.

A planet.

A spherical or bowllike container, especially a glass cover for a light bulb.
εָβ
A sphere emblematic of sovereignty; an orb.
СȨĽ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
globed,glob.ing,globes 
To assume the shape of or form into a sphere.
֣״
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin globus 
Դ  globus 

= =
gloomy
gloom.y
AHD:[gl?m?] 
D.J.[6glu8mi8]
K.K.[6glumi]
adj.ݴʣ
gloom.i.er,gloom.i.est 
Partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary:
ڰģģָģ
a damp, gloomy day.
ʪ
Showing or filled with gloom:
ģ˵ģ
gloomy faces.

Causing or producing gloom; depressing:
ĵģѹֵģɥģ
gloomy news.
˱˵Ϣ
Marked by hopelessness; very pessimistic:
ģ˵ģ۵ģ
gloomy predictions.See Synonyms at glum 
۵Ԥμ glum
?
gloomily
adv.ʣ
gloominess
n.ʣ

= =
glorious
glo.ri.ous
AHD:[gl?r?-s, gl?r-] 
D.J.[6gl%8ri8*s, 6gl*&r-]
K.K.[6gl%ri*s, 6glor-]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or deserving glory; famous.
ٵģҫģԻ͵
Conferring or advancing glory:
Ի͵ģ
a glorious achievement.
Ի͵ĳɾ
Characterized by great beauty and splendor; magnificent:
ģԻ͵ģõģ׳ģ
a glorious sunset.
Ի͵
Delightful; wonderful:
˵ģģ
had a glorious visit with old friends.
ͬ
?
gloriously
adv.ʣ
gloriousness
n.ʣ

= =
glory
glo.ry
AHD:[gl?r?, gl?r?] 
D.J.[6gl%8ri8, 6gl*&ri8]
K.K.[6gl%ri, 6glori]
n.ʣ
 glo.ries 
Great honor, praise, or distinction accorded by common consent; renown.
ҫһͬ輫ҫ
Something conferring honor or renown.
ҫ£
A highly praiseworthy asset:
ΪĶ
Your hair is your crowning glory.
㷢ԺĶ
Adoration, praise, and thanksgiving offered in worship.
ݣ̣
Majestic beauty and splendor; resplendence:
׳׳ۣԻͣ
The sun set in a blaze of glory.
Ϧ׳
The splendor and bliss of heaven; perfect happiness.
Ҹҫ
A height of achievement, enjoyment, or prosperity:
٣ʢԻͣ
Paris in its greatest glory.
ٵʱ
A halo, nimbus, or aureole.Also called  In this sense, also called gloriole 
⻷ΣٹҲ  ڴҲɳ gloriole
v.intr.ﶯʣ
glo.ried,glo.ry.ing,glo.ries 
To rejoice triumphantly; exult:
Ϊ⣻ΪԺ
a sports team that gloried in its hard-won victory.
Ϊ֮׵ʤԺ˶
?
Middle English glorie 
йӢ glorie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gl?a 
Դ  gl?a 

= =
glove
glove
AHD:[gl?v] 
D.J.[glJv]
K.K.[glJv]
n.ʣ
A fitted covering for the hand with a separate sheath for each finger and the thumb.
ףһֲָ֮ָĴָж
A gauntlet.

Baseball An oversized padded leather covering for the hand, used in catching balls, especially one with more finger sheaths than the catcher's or first baseman's mitt.
 ףһֽϴķõƤףָȷԱԱ׶༸ָ׵һ
Sports A boxing glove.
˶ ȭ
v.ʣ
gloved,glov.ing,gloves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with gloves.
䱸
To cover with or as if with a glove.
ûױ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To don gloves, as before performing an operation on a patient.
ףףڸ˶ǰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gl?f 
Դ Ӣ gl?f 

= =
glow
glow
AHD:[gl?] 
D.J.[gl*&]
K.K.[glo]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
glowed,glow.ing,glows 
To shine brightly and steadily, especially without a flame:
⣺ȶĹ⣬ָĹ⣺
Embers glowed in the furnace.
¯з
To have a bright, warm, usually reddish color:
죺ȣͨɫģ
The children's cheeks glowed from the cold.
ӵն÷
To flush; blush.
죻
To be exuberant or radiant:
磺Գ磬ˣ
parents glowing with pride.
ŸĸĽ
n.ʣ
A light produced by a body heated to luminosity; incandescence.See Synonyms at blaze 1
ȣȣһȵĹ⣻Ȳμ blaze1
Brilliance or warmth of color, especially redness:
ɫޣůɫʣָ⣺
the evening glow of the city streets when the sun has gone behind the tallest houses(Sen O'Faolin)
̫㵽ߴķӺ棬ͮϼĽ(Ф·)
A sensation of physical warmth.
飺ҵĸ飬
A warm feeling, as of pleasure or well-being.
ңůĸоҸ
?
Middle English glouen 
йӢ glouen 
from Old English gl?n * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ gl?n *μ ghel- 2

= =
glue
glue
AHD:[gl?] 
D.J.[glu8]
K.K.[glu]
n.ʣ
A strong liquid adhesive obtained by boiling collagenous animal parts such as bones, hides, and hooves into hard gelatin and then adding water.
ˮһǿҺճͨԭʵĶﲿǸ죬Ƥ㣬ӲｺȻˮƵ
Any of various similar adhesives, such as paste, mucilage, or epoxy.
ճһƵճϼ罬ˮ֬
An adhesive force or factor:
ճճأ
Idealism was the glue that held our group together.
ǰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
glued,glu.ing,glues 
To stick or fasten with or as if with glue.
ϣûճճ
To fasten on something attentively:
ڣоĳ
Our eyes were glued to the stage.
ȫעע̨
?
Middle English glu 
йӢ glu 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin gl?s  gl?t- 
Դ  gl?s  gl?t- 
from Latin gl?n 
Դ  gl?n 
?
gluey
adj.ݴʣ
gluiness
n.ʣ

= =
goal
goal
AHD:[g?l] 
D.J.[g*&l]
K.K.[gol]
n.ʣ
The purpose toward which an endeavor is directed; an objective.See Synonyms at intention 
Ŀ꣬ĿģŬֱĿꣻĿģĲμ intention
Sports 
˶ 
The finish line of a race.
յ㣺յ
A specified structure or zone into or over which players endeavor to advance a ball or puck.
ţĳһضĽṹ򣬴˶ԱŬ
The score awarded for such an act.
÷֣һжĵ÷
?
Middle English gol [boundary] 
йӢ gol [߽] 
possibly from Old English *g3l [barrier] 
Դ Ӣ *g3l [դ] 

= =
goat
goat
AHD:[g?t] 
D.J.[g*&t]
K.K.[got]
n.ʣ
Any of various hollow-horned, bearded ruminant mammals of the genusCapra,  originally of mountainous regions of the Old World, especially any of the domesticated forms of C. hircus, 
 raised for wool, milk, and meat. 
ɽһֿĽǵģ뷴ۻġɽ 鶯Դڶɽصָһѱ ɽ Ʒ֣Ƥ̺Ͳ 
A lecherous man.
ɫ
A scapegoat.

?
Middle English got 
йӢ got 
from Old English g3t 
Դ Ӣ g3t 
?
goatish
adj.ݴʣ
?
Goat
Goat
AHD:[g?t] 
D.J.[g*&t]
K.K.[got]
n.ʣ
See  Capricorn 
μ  Capricorn

= =
god
god
AHD:[g?d] 
D.J.[gKd]
K.K.[g$d]
n.ʣ
God 
 God 
A being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions.
ϵۣһֱΪġȫܵġȫ֪洴ߺͳߣһͳݶ
The force, effect, or a manifestation or aspect of this being.
񼣣ʾϵ۵Ȩֻò
Christian Science Infinite Mind; Spirit; Soul; Principle; Life; Truth; Love (Mary Baker Eddy).
̿ѧɡ "޵˼룻ꣻԭˡ٣
A being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshiped by a people, especially a male deity thought to control some part of nature or reality.
һ־гȻصĴڣһͳݣָһ飬ΪܿȻʵĳһ
An image of a supernatural being; an idol.
񻯵ĶһֳȻżż
One that is worshiped, idealized, or followed:
ףܳݵġ뻯Ļ׷Ķ
money was their god.
Ǯǵ
A very handsome man.
ǳӢ
A powerful ruler or despot.
ǿȨͳߣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  gheu()- 
Դ Ӣ *μ gheu()- 

= =
gold
gold
AHD:[g?ld] 
D.J.[g*&ld]
K.K.[gold]
n.ʣ
Symbol Au A soft, yellow, corrosion-resistant element, the most malleable and ductile metal, occurring in veins and alluvial deposits and recovered by mining or by panning or sluicing. 
A good thermal and electrical conductor, gold is generally alloyed to increase its strength, and it is used as an international monetary standard, in jewelry, for decoration, and as a 
plated coating on a wide variety of electrical and mechanical components. Atomic number 79; atomic weight 196.967; melting point 1,063.0=C; boiling point 2,966.0=C; specific gravity 
19.32; valence 1, 3.See table at element 
 Au ƽһģɫģʴʣչԵĽܳ˿ڿغͳУͨɻɰҵȺ͵õ塣ƽһ
ǿȣʻҵı׼ҲƳ鱦ΪװƷͬʱ㷺ֵӺͻеԪĶƲϡԭ79ԭ196.967۵1,063.0=C
е2,966.0=C19.32ϼΪ13μ element
Coinage made of this element.
ңûƽƳɵ
A gold standard.
λ
Money; riches.
ǮƸ
Color A light olive-brown to dark yellow, or a moderate, strong to vivid yellow.
ɫʡ ɫɫںɫͰ֮ʻƵǿɫ֮ɫ
Something regarded as having great value or goodness:
ƽƵĶΪǾмֵµĶ
a heart of gold.
һŻƽ
A medal, as in the Olympics, made of gold:
ƣ
won 9 golds in 13 events.
ʮĿлþſ
A gold record.
Ƭ
adj.ݴʣ
Having the color of gold.
ɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ *μ ghel- 2

= =
golden
gold.en
AHD:[g?ldn] 
D.J.[6g*&ld*n]
K.K.[6gold*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, made of, or containing gold.
ģġйصģɽƳɵĻ򺬽
Color Having the color of gold or a yellow color suggestive of gold.
ɫʡ ɫģнɫʹ뵽Ļɫ
Lustrous; radiant:
ģģ
the golden sun.
ɫ̫
Suggestive of gold, as in richness or splendor:
ģʹ뵽ģڸлԺϣ
a golden voice.
ɤ
Of the greatest value or importance; precious.
ģصģֵĻҪģ
Marked by peace, prosperity, and often creativeness:
ʢģٵģԺƽٺͳΪصģ
a golden era.
ȫʢʱ
Very favorable or advantageous; excellent:
ѵģǳģģ
a golden opportunity.
ǧѷĻ
Having a promising future; seemingly assured of success:
ǰ;ģгɹյģ
a golden generation.
ǰ;һ
Of or relating to a 50th anniversary.
ʮģʮյĻ֮йص
?
goldenly
adv.ʣ
goldenness
n.ʣ

= =
golf
golf
AHD:[g?lf, g?lf] 
D.J.[gKlf, g%8lf]
K.K.[g$lf, g%lf]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A game played on a large outdoor course with a series of 9 or 18 holes spaced far apart, the object being to propel a small, hard ball with the use of various clubs into each hole with as 
few strokes as possible.
߶󳡵ؿչһ˶һϵе918˴ԶֿѨĿøһСӲѨĴԽԽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
golfed,golf.ing,golfs 
To play this game.
Ϸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
golfer
n.ʣ

= =
good
good
AHD:[g?d] д gd.,G,G.
D.J.[g&d]
K.K.[g&d]
adj.ݴʣ
bet.ter[btr] best[bst]  
Being positive or desirable in nature; not bad or poor:
õģģģϻĻʵģõģģ
a good experience; good news from the hospital.
õľҽԺϢ
Having the qualities that are desirable or distinguishing in a particular thing:
ģģضصģ
a good exterior paint; a good joke.
˶Ŀһµķ羰ȤЦ
Serving the desired purpose or end; suitable:
ʺԤĿĵģʵģ
Is this a good dress for the party?
ȹȥ?
Not spoiled or ruined:
ûбʵģûлģ
The milk is still good.
ƿţ̻ܺ
In excellent condition; sound:
ܺõģȫģ
a good tooth.

Superior to the average; satisfactory:
ģģ
a good student.
ѧ
Used formerly to refer to the U.S. Government grade of meat higher than standard and lower than choice.
еһǰָΪƶĵȼڱ׼ھѡ
Of high quality:
ߵģ
good books.

Discriminating:
ģ
good taste.
õļ
Worthy of respect; honorable:
ֵ𾴵ģģ
ruined the family's good name.
մ˼ĺ
Attractive; handsome:
ƯģӢģ
good looks.
ò
Beneficial to health; salutary:
Ľģģ
a good night's rest.
潡ҹϢ
Competent; skilled:
ְģмɵģ
a good machinist.
Ļеʦ
Complete; thorough:
ȫģ׵ģ
a good workout.
ѵ
Reliable; sure:
ɿģаյģ
a good investment.
ɿͶ
Valid or true:
ȷģȷģ
a good reason.

Genuine; real:
ģʵģ
a good dollar bill.
Ԫֽ
In effect; operative:
Чģ
a warranty good for two years; a driver's license that is still good.
Чı֤ʻִȻЧ
Able to continue in a specified activity:
ԼģضĻлܼģ
I'm good for another round of golf.
ٴһָ߶
Able to pay or contribute:
ܳģģ
Is she good for the money that you lent her?
ܰǮ?
Able to elicit a specified reaction:
ʹһӦģ
He is always good for a laugh.
Ƕ˷Ц
Ample; substantial:
ԣģвƲģ
a good income.

Bountiful:
ʢģ
a good table.
ʢһ
Full:
ǡõģ
It is a good mile from here.
ǡһӢ
Pleasant; enjoyable:
ģֵģ
had a good time at the party.
ھۻú
Propitious; favorable:
ģõģ
good weather; a good omen.

Of moral excellence; upright:
Ʒмѵģֱģ
a good person.
ֱ
Benevolent; kind:
ʴȵģģ
a good soul; a good heart.
ˣȱĳ
Loyal; staunch:
ҳϵģĵģ
a good Republican.
ҳϵĹ͵Ա
Well-behaved; obedient:
Ϊصģģ
a good child.
صĺ
Socially correct; proper:
罻ϱͬģ
good manners.
ֹ淶
Sports Having landed within bounds or within a particular area of a court:
˶ ģڻ򳡵ʵģ
The first serve was wide, but the second was good.
һ򷢵̫Զˣڶ򷢵øոպ
Used to form exclamatory phrases expressing surprise or dismay:
̾ԱﾪȻɥ
Good heavens! Good grief!
찡ɱ
n.ʣ
Something that is good.
õĶ
A good, valuable, or useful part or aspect.
ŵ㣺õġмֵġõĲֻ
Welfare; benefit:
棺
for the common good.
Ϊ˹ͬ
Goodness; virtue:
£
There is much good to be found in people.
ڱܷ
goods 
 goods 
Commodities; wares:
ƷƷ
frozen goods.
䶳Ʒ
Portable personal property.
˶
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Fabric; material.
뵥ãϣ
goods Slang Incriminating information or evidence:
 goods ٵ ֤ļ֤ݣ
tried to get the goods on the crook.
跨õߵ֤
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Well.
õأ˳
?
as good as
Practically; nearly:
ࣺ
as good as new.
µ
for good
Permanently; forever:
õأԶأ
I'm moving to Europe for good.
ҽƾŷ
good and
Informal Very; thoroughly:
ʽ ȫأ׵أ
I'll do it when I'm good and ready.
һ㱸ʱҽ
no goodʽ
Worthless.
޼ֵ
Futile; useless:
ûõģͽ͵ģ
It's no good arguing with them.
ǳô
to the good
For the best; advantageous.
кôģ
In an advantageous financial position:
׬Ľλõģ
ended up to the good.
Ծ׬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English g?d * see  ghedh- 
Դ Ӣ g?d *μ ghedh- 
?
Good is properly used as an adjective with linking verbs such asbe, seem,  or appear: 
Good ӦΪݴϵһã beseem  appear 
The future looks good.
δһƬ̹;
The soup tastes good. 
ζ 
It should not be used as an adverb with other verbs: 
ζʣ 
The car runs well (not good ). 
ʻ good  
Thus,The dress fits well and looks good.  See Usage Note at well 2
ȹӺܺ  μ well2

= =
goodness
good.ness
AHD:[g?dn1s] 
D.J.[6g&dn!s]
K.K.[6g&dn!s]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of being good.
áá״̬
The beneficial or nutritious part.
ĻӪĲ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express mild surprise.
ģѽȵľ

= =
goose
goose
AHD:[g?s] 
D.J.[gu8s]
K.K.[gus]
n.ʣ
 geese[g?s]  
Any of various wild or domesticated water birds of the family Anatidae, and especially of the generaAnser  and Branta,  characteristically having a shorter neck than that of a swan and a 
shorter, more pointed bill than that of a duck. 
죺κһҰѼƵˮرָ   ˮǾĶ̣ѼĶ̶ 
The female of such a bird.
ƶ
The flesh of such a bird used as food.
ʳõĶ
Informal A silly person.
ʽ ޴
pl. goos.es A tailor's pressing iron with a long curved handle.
 goos.es һ־ж쾱Ĳ÷ٶ
Slang A poke, prod, or pinch between or on the buttocks.
ٵ ̴ִ̡ͱƨ֮ƨϵĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
goosed,goos.ing,goos.es ٵ 
To poke, prod, or pinch (a person) between or on the buttocks.
̴ִ̡ͱ루˵ģƨ֮ƨ
To move to action, spur:
̼
The pilot goosed his craft, powering away(Nicholas Proffitt)
ԱɻȻˡ(˹޷)
?
Middle English goos 
йӢ goos 
from Old English g?s * see  ghans- 
Դ Ӣ g?s *μ ghans- 

= =
gorgeous
gor.geous
AHD:[g?rjs] 
D.J.[6g%8d9*s]
K.K.[6g%rd9*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent:
ҫ۰ģѣĿģ
wore a gorgeous Victorian gown.
һάʱڵĻĳ
Characterized by magnificence or virtuosic brilliance:
ݺģʾ˲ĳҲŻ
the pianist's gorgeous technique.
ټҾտļ
Informal Wonderful; delightful.
ʽ õģϲ
?
Middle English gorgeouse 
йӢ gorgeouse 
probably from Old French gorgias [jewelry-loving, elegant] 
Դ ŷ gorgias [鱦ģµģ] 
from gorge [throat] * see  gorge 
Դ gorge [] *μ gorge
?
gorgeously
adv.ʣ
gorgeousness
n.ʣ

= =
gossip
gos.sip
AHD:[g?sp] 
D.J.[6gKs*p]
K.K.[6g$s*p]
n.ʣ
Rumor or talk of a personal, sensational, or intimate nature.
йظ˵ģŵĻϵҥԻ
A person who habitually spreads intimate or private rumors or facts.
лˣţϵ˽ҥԻʵ
Trivial, chatty talk or writing.
̸л
A close friend or companion.
ѻϵܵĻ
Chiefly British A godparent.
Ӣ ̸ĸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
gos.siped,gos.sip.ing,gos.sips 
To engage in or spread gossip.
ɢ
?
Middle English godsib, gossip [godparent] 
йӢ godsib, gossip [̸ĸ] 
from Old English godsibb 
Դ Ӣ godsibb 
god [god] * see  god 
god [] *μ god
sibb [kinsman] * see  s(w)e- 
sibb [] *μ s(w)e- 
?
gossiper
n.ʣ
gossipry
n.ʣ
gossipy
adj.ݴʣ
?
gossip,blab,tattle
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to engage in or communicate idle, indiscreet talk: 
ʶΪμӻĵģĻ⡱ 
gossiping about the neighbors' domestic problems;
ھӵļ£
can't be trusted with a secrethe always blabs;
Ҫһܡ
is disliked by her classmates for tattling on mischief makers. 
ΪС棬ͬѧϲ 

= =
govern
gov.ern
AHD:[g?vrn] 
D.J.[6gJv*n]
K.K.[6gJv*n]
v.ʣ
gov.erned,gov.ern.ing,gov.erns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make and administer the public policy and affairs of; exercise sovereign authority in.
ͳΣƶʵʩ߻ڡʹȨ
To control the speed or magnitude of; regulate:
ƣڣٶȻ涨ƣ
a valve governing fuel intake.
ĵķ
To control the actions or behavior of:
ƣΪж
Govern yourselves like civilized human beings.
עԼУʹԼһн
To keep under control; restrain:
ѹƣʹڿ֮£ѹƣ
a child who could not be governed.
ܲסС
To exercise a deciding or determining influence on:
֧䣻Ӱ죺
Chance usually governs the outcome of the game.
ݱĽ
Grammar To require (a specific morphological form) of accompanying words.
﷨ ֧䣺ҪᵥʣһĴʷʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exercise political authority.
ͳΣʹȨ
To have or exercise a determining influence.
ݣоӰ
?
Middle English governen 
йӢ governen 
from Old French governer 
Դ ŷ governer 
from Latin gubern3e 
Դ  gubern3e 
from Greek kubernan 
Դ ϣ kubernan 
?
governable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
government
gov.ern.ment
AHD:[g?vrn-mnt] 
D.J.[6gJv*nm*nt]
K.K.[6gJv*nm*nt]
n.Abbr. gov.,govt.ʣд gov.,govt.
The act or process of governing, especially the control and administration of public policy in a political unit.
ϽͳεΪ֧Ḷָ́ԹߵĿƺ͹
The office, function, or authority of one who governs or of a governing body.
ʹͳλְܵĻءְܲŻ򵱾
Exercise of authority in a political unit; rule.
ͳΣһελȨʹͳ
The agency or apparatus through which an individual or a body that governs exercises authority and performs its functions.
壺˻ʹȨְܵĻ
A governing body or organization, as:
ͳ֯磺
The ruling political party or coalition of political parties in a parliamentary system.
ִִִ
The cabinet in a parliamentary system.
ڸƶµڸ
The persons who make up a governing body.
ʹͳְܵ
A system or policy by which a political unit is governed.
֯ƶʽ
Management or administration of an organization, a business, or an institution.
һ֯˾ѧԺĹ
Political science.
ѧ
?
governmental
AHD:[-mntl] ݴʣ
governmentally
adv.ʣ
?
In American usagegovernment always takes a singular verb. In British usagegovernment,  in the sense of a governing group of officials, is usually construed as a plural collectiveand 
therefore takes a plural verb: 
÷Уgovernment Ǹʡ Ӣ÷government ͳʱ ͨɼʵĸ˺ʣ 
The government are determined to follow this course. See Usage Note at collective noun 
ı μ collective noun

= =
governor
gov.er.nor
AHD:[g?vr-nr] 
D.J.[6gJv*n*]
K.K.[6gJv*n+]
n.Abbr. gov.,Gov.ʣд gov.,Gov.
A person who governs, especially:
ͳߣָʹͳȨ
The chief executive of a state in the United States.
ݳһݵҪ
An official appointed to govern a colony or territory.
ܶϽһֳػصĹԱ
A member of a governing body.
ԱĳԱ
The manager or administrative head of an organization, a business, or an institution.
ߣһ֯ҵ˾ѧԺ
A military commandant.
ָӹ
Chiefly British Used as a form of polite address for a man.
Ӣ ˵
A feedback device on a machine or an engine that is used to provide automatic control, as of speed, pressure, or temperature.
ڻϻһַװãٶȡѹ¶ʵԶ
?
The American Revolution did away with much that was British,but it neglected to discard an important British political term.The wordgovernor  certainly seems to denote a very American 
office, and England has no corresponding official with that title for its counties.Nonetheless,governor  has had a long history in English with reference to political rulers. In Middle 
Englishgovernour,  the ancestor of governor,  meant both a sovereign ruler and a subordinate or substitute ruler.In the later sense it was a natural term to use for heads of the 
British colonies in North America as well as elsewhere.During our colonial periodroyal governors were often unpopular,yet the word was not dropped after the Revolutionary Warand in 
fact was chosen to designate the executive head of a state when the United States of America was created.
սɨӢණȴһҪӢgovernor ʿ϶һٷְ ΪӢûĹٷְȻgovernor 
ȨͳߺӢкܳʷ ͵Ӣgovernour  governor ǰ ˼ǡȨͳߡ͡һͳ߻ͳߡúһ˼ָӢڱ
ֳػطǺеġֳʱڣʼܶΪ֪ȻڶսԺûϳʵָԺݵݳ

= =
gown
gown
AHD:[goun] 
D.J.[ga&n]
K.K.[ga&n]
n.ʣ
A long, loose, flowing garment, such as a robe or nightgown.
£ۣһַʴƮ£糤ۻ˯
A long, usually formal dress for a woman.
ŮŮĳģͨʽĳ
A robe or smock worn in operating rooms and other parts of hospitals as a guard against contamination.
ҽԺطΪֹȾȾĳۻ
A distinctive outer robe worn on ceremonial occasions, as by scholars or clerics.
ѧʿȣһЩףʽϣѧ߻ʿŵڲͬ
The faculty and student body of a university:
ѧʦ
perfect accord between town and gown.
ѧʦ֮ȫͽ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
gowned,gown.ing,gowns 
To dress oneself in or invest (another) with a gown.
ۣԼ˴»
?
Middle English goune 
йӢ goune 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin gunna [leather garment] 
Դ  gunna [Ƥ] 

= =
grab
grab 1
AHD:[gr2b] 
D.J.[gr#b]
K.K.[gr#b]
v.ʣ
grabbed,grab.bing,grabs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take or grasp suddenly:
ȡץסͻȻ߻ץס
grabbed the letter from me.

To capture or restrain; arrest.
ƣ
To obtain or appropriate unscrupulously or forcibly:
ռǿռ޳ܵضȡȡ
grab public funds; grab power.
ǿռ𣻾ȡȨ
To take hurriedly:
Ҵߣ
grabbed my coat and hat and left.
ץҵ·ñӾ뿪
Slang To capture the attention of:
ٵ ע
a plot that grabs the reader.
ע
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a grasping or snatching motion:
ץסȡץȡĶ
We grabbed for the life raft.
ץס˾
n.ʣ
Sudden seizure of something or someone; a snatch:
ץסȡȻץסĳĳˣץס
The imminence of death is reflected in every last power-stroke and grab of the great money bosses(Dylan Thomas)
ƷȨȡӳȽ(ס˹)
One that is grabbed.
ץס
A mechanical device for gripping an object.
ץȡװãץһֻеװ
?
up for grabsٵ
Available for anyone to take or win:
ɵõģ׵õģκ˶ȡûӮȡģ
The reputation of the . . . king is still up for grabs(William Zinsser)
Ҫúпܵġ(ɪ)
?
Obsolete Dutch 
ѷϺ 
or Low German grabben 
 ͵ص grabben 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
or Middle Low German * see  ghrebh- 1
 йŵ͵ص *μ ghrebh- 1
?
grabber
n.ʣ
?
grab
grab 2
AHD:[gr2b] 
D.J.[gr#b]
K.K.[gr#b]
n.Nautical ʣ 
An Oriental coastal vessel with two or three masts.
˫ΦһֶغеĴΦ
?
Arabic ?3b} [raven, swift galley] 
 ?3b} [̰ʳ̻] 

= =
grace
grace
AHD:[gr3s] 
D.J.[gre!s]
K.K.[gres]
n.ʣ
Seemingly effortless beauty or charm of movement, form, or proportion.See Synonyms at elegance 
˵ģ˶μ elegance
A characteristic or quality pleasing for its charm or refinement.
ȣŵƷ
A sense of fitness or propriety.
棺ǡ˵ĸ
A disposition to be generous or helpful; goodwill.
⣬ˣ󷽻˵ƷԣѺ
Mercy; clemency.
ʴ
A favor rendered by one who need not do so; indulgence.
ݣİ
A temporary immunity or exemption; a reprieve.
ˡ⣺ʱԵĻڣݼ
Graces Greek Mythology Roman Mythology Three sister goddesses, known in Greek mythology as Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, who dispense charm and beauty.
 Graces ϣ񻰡 񻰡 ŮλŮϣΪǣŷǣ 
Theology 
ѧ 
Divine love and protection bestowed freely on people.
ϵ۵ʴȺͶ䣺˵İ޳ı
The state of being protected or sanctified by the favor of God.
ݣϵ۵Ķʩıϴ״̬
An excellence or a power granted by God.
ϵ۸»
A short prayer of blessing or thanksgiving said before or after a meal.
л棺ǰ򷹺ףжĶʱ䵻
Grace Used withHis, Her,  or Your  as a title and form of address for a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop. 
 Grace ˣˣhisher  your ãΪ˻̵ͷλνʽ 
Music An embellishment such as an appoggiatura or a trill.
֡ װװ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
graced,grac.ing,grac.es 
To honor or favor:
ʹ⣺ʹҫʩ
You grace our table with your presence.
ĵʹǵ̨˹
To give beauty, elegance, or charm to.
ʹŻ
Music To embellish with grace notes.
֡ ׺װ
?
in the bad graces of
Out of favor with.
Ϊ
in the good graces of
In favor with.
Ϊϲ
with bad grace
In a grudging manner.
ǿ
with good grace
In a willing manner.
Ȼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gr3a 
Դ  gr3a 
from gr3s [pleasing] * see  g wer- 2
Դ gr3s [ʹ˸˵] *μ g wer- 2
?
Grace
Grace
AHD:[gr3s] William Russell (1832-1904) 
D.J.[gre!s]
K.K.[gres]
NONE޴ԣ
Irish-born American shipping magnate active in the exploitation of Peruvian resources. He also served as mayor of New York City (1880-1882 and 1884-1886).
˹(1832-1904) ڰӣ³ԴĿ ŦԼг1880-18821884-1886꣩

= =
graceful
grace.ful
AHD:[gr3sfl] 
D.J.[6gre!sf*l]
K.K.[6gresf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Showing grace of movement, form, or proportion:
ģŵģֳλţģ
England's slow, graceful economic collapse(J.C. Winters)
Ӣģľ˥ˡ(J.C.˹)
?
gracefully
adv.ʣ
gracefulness
n.ʣ

= =
gracious
gra.cious
AHD:[gr3shs] 
D.J.[6gre!.*s]
K.K.[6gre.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by kindness and warm courtesy.
еģͰģԺƺΪ
Characterized by tact and propriety:
ģģԵòΪģ
responded to the insult with gracious humor.
òĬӦ
Of a merciful or compassionate nature.
ʴȿ
Condescendingly courteous; indulgent.
ж͵ģģݵģ簮
Characterized by charm or beauty; graceful.
ŵģµģΪģŵ
Characterized by elegance and good taste:
Ʒζģŵģź͸ƷζΪģ
gracious living.
ŵ
Archaic Enjoying favor or grace; acceptable or pleasing.
 ܶģɽܵģõģõͶݵģɽܵĻʹ˸˵
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise or mild emotion.
ү찡ﾪº͵ĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French gracieus 
Դ ŷ gracieus 
from Latin gr3?sus} 
Դ  gr3?sus} 
from gr3a [good will] * see  grace 
Դ gr3a [] *μ grace
?
graciously
adv.ʣ
graciousness
n.ʣ
?
gracious,cordial,genial,sociable
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by kindness, sympathy, and unaffected politeness: 
ЩݴʹеǣԺƣͬĺͲαװòΪ־ġ 
gracious even to unexpected visitors;
Բ֮Ҳ
a cordial welcome;
ĵĻӭ
a genial guest;
Ͱ׵Ŀˣ
enjoyed a sociable chat. ungracious 
Ƶ̸ ungracious

= =
grade
grade
AHD:[gr3d] 
D.J.[gre!d]
K.K.[gred]
n.Abbr. gr.ʣд gr.
A stage or degree in a process.
׶Σеһ׶λ̶
A position in a scale of size, quality, or intensity.
ȼԳߴ磬ܶȺλ
An accepted level or standard.
׼ܵı׼ˮƽ
A set of persons or things all falling in the same specified limits; a class.
׼ͬһضΧڵһ˻һ༶
A class at an elementary school or the pupils in it.
༶Сѧİ༶еѧ
grades Elementary school.
 grades Сѧ
A mark indicating a student's level of accomplishment.
ɼȼָʾһѧɼˮƽı
A military, naval, or civil service rank.
ٽף½ְ
The degree of inclination of a slope, road, or other surface.
¶ȣһб棬·бĳ̶
A slope or gradual inclination, especially of a road or railroad track.
б£б򻺻б棬ָ·
The level at which the ground surface meets the foundation of a building.
οˮ׼棺ر뽨ĸ߶
A domestic animal produced by crossbreeding one of purebred stock with one of ordinary stock.
Ʒ֣һּһּһͨӽõ
Linguistics A degree of ablaut.
ѧ Ԫļ
v.ʣ
grad.ed,grad.ing,grades 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange in steps or degrees.
ţ̶
To arrange in a series or according to a scale.
УȼУϵлһֱ
To determine the quality of (academic work, for example); evaluate.
ȷѧģ
To give a grade to (a student, for example).
֣һѧ
To level or smooth to a desired or horizontal gradient.
¶ȣʹƽ⻬һԤڵĻˮƽݶ
To gradate.
ת
To improve the quality of (livestock) by crossbreeding with purebred stock.
Ʒ֣봿ּӽƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hold a certain rank or position.
ڡȼӵһȷļλ
To change or progress gradually.
ر仯չ
?
French 
 
from Latin gradus * see  ghredh- 
Դ  gradus *μ ghredh- 

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gradual
grad.u.al
AHD:[gr2j?-l] 
D.J.[6gr#d9u8*l]
K.K.[6gr#d9u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Advancing or progressing by regular or continuous degrees:
𼶵ģ𲽵ģػطչǰģ
gradual erosion; a gradual slope.
𽥵ظʴ
n.Roman Catholic Church ʣ̡ 
A book containing the choral portions of the Mass.
ʥ輯ֲֵ
A biblical text sung between the Epistle and the Gospel of the Mass.
ʥԡʹͽš͡顷֮һʥ
?
Middle English [having steps] 
йӢ [в] 
from Medieval Latin gradu3s 
Դ  gradu3s 
from Latin gradus [step] * see  grade 
Դ  gradus [] *μ grade
N., Middle English 
ʣ йӢ 
from Medieval Latin gradu3e [the part of the service sung by the choir from the altar steps, gradual] [from neuter sing. of] gradu3lis [having steps] 
Դ  gradu3e [ʫʥ̨̳ϳݵһ֣׵]  [] Դgradu3lisԵ [в] 
?
gradually
adv.ʣ
gradualness
n.ʣ

= =
graduate
grad.u.ate
AHD:[gr2j?-3t] 
D.J.[6gr#d9u87e!t]
K.K.[6gr#d9u7et]
v.ʣ
grad.u.at.ed,grad.u.at.ing,grad.u.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be granted an academic degree or diploma:
ҵñҵ֤飺ѧλҵ֤飺
Two thirds of the entering freshmen stayed to graduate.
֮ѧֵҵ
To change gradually or by degrees.
𽥱Ϊ𽥵ػһر仯
To advance to a new level of skill, achievement, or activity:
չɾͻ¸߶ȣ
After a summer of diving instruction, they had all graduated to back flips.
һˮָǶ˺շ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grant an academic degree or diploma to:
ѧλҵ֤飺
The teachers hope to graduate her this spring.
ʦϣ괺ҵ
Usage Problem To receive an academic degree from.
÷ѡ ӡѧλ
To arrange or divide into categories, steps, or grades.
ֳɵȼлֳ𣬲ȼ
To divide into marked intervals, especially for use in measurement.
Կ̶ȣֳɴǵļָΪڲ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
One who has received an academic degree or diploma.
ҵõѧλҵ֤
A graduated container, such as a cylinder or beaker.
ͲԿ̶ȵԲͲձ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
Possessing an academic degree or diploma.
ҵ˵ģѧλҵ֤
Of, intended for, or relating to studies beyond a bachelor's degree:
оģڣ»йѧʿѧλϵоģ
graduate courses.
оγ
?
Middle English graduaten [to confer a degree] 
йӢ graduaten [һѧλ] 
from Medieval Latin gradu3o}  gradu3t- [to take a degree] 
Դ  gradu3o}  gradu3t- [õһѧλ] 
from Latin gradus [step] * see  grade 
Դ  gradus [] *μ grade
?
graduator
n.ʣ
?
The verbgraduate  has denoted the action of conferring an academic degree or diploma since at least 1421, as inShe was graduated from Yale in 1980.  This earlier pattern of use is still 
defensible,if slightly old-fashioned,and is acceptable to 78 percent of the Usage Panel.In general usage,however, it has largely yielded to the much more recent active pattern (first 
attested in 1807): 
graduate 1421ָѧλҵ֤Ϊ 1980ҵҮ³ѧ  ʹ÷ʽȻܵ绤ʹЩʱΪ÷רʹСٷ֮
ʮ˵ĳԱܡһ÷УôʱϾѾΪڸԾķʽ֤1807꣩ 
She graduated from Yale in 1980. 
1980ҵҮ³ѧ 
This pattern, which no longer bears any taint of incorrectness,is acceptable to 89 percent of the Panel.It has the advantage of ascribing the accomplishment to the student, rather than to 
the institution,as is usually appropriate in discussions of individual cases.When the institution's responsibility is emphasized,however, the older pattern may still be recommended.A 
sentence such asThe university graduated more computer science majors in 1987 than in the entire previous decade  stresses the university's accomplishment, say, of its computer 
science program. On the other hand, the sentenceMore computer science majors graduated in 1987 than in the entire previous decade  implies that the class of 1987 was in some way a 
remarkable group.  The transitive use ofgraduate,  as inShe graduated Yale in 1980,  was unacceptable to 77 percent of the Usage Panel. 
ַʽвȷ⣬ΪСٷ֮ʮŵĳԱܣŵǽɾ͹鹦ѧѧԺͨ۵ʱǺʵġѧԺαǿʱɷʽ
ܵõƳ硣ӣThe university graduated more computer science majors in 1987 than in the entire previous decade ǿ˸ôѧѧĿϵĳɾ͡ һ棬
More computer science majors graduated in 1987 than in the entire previous decade ָ1987ĳ˵ǸɫȺ塣 graduate ļ÷ 1980
ҵҮ³ѧ ÷ʹרСٷ֮ʮߵĳԱʾ 

= =
grain
grain
AHD:[gr3n] 
D.J.[gre!n]
K.K.[gren]
n.Abbr. gr.ʣд gr.
A small, dry, one-seeded fruit of a cereal grass, having the fruit and the seed walls united.Also called  caryopsis 
ȲݵСҸĵӹʵʵֱһҲ  caryopsis
The fruits of cereal grasses especially after having been harvested, considered as a group.
Ȳݹʵܳƣָո
Cereal grasses considered as a group:
Ȳݵܳƣ
a field of grain.
ֲ
A relatively small discrete particulate or crystalline mass:
ϸ΢СģĿʣ
a grain of sand.
һɳ
A small amount or the smallest amount possible:
΢һСĿܵ
hasn't a grain of sense.
ûһ
Aerospace A mass of solid propellant.
̫ѧ ״ȼϣһƽ
A unit of weight in the U.S. Customary System, an avoirdupois unit equal to 0.002285 ounce (0.065 gram).See table at measurement 
ϵλһⵥλ0.002285˹0.065ˣμ measurement
The arrangement, direction, or pattern of the fibrous tissue in wood.
ľͷά֯Сͼ
The side of a hide or piece of leather from which the hair or fur has been removed.
ֲ棺Ƥĳȥëһ
The pattern or markings on this side of leather.
ʽǵƤ
The pattern produced, as in stone, by the arrangement of particulate constituents.
΢Сɷݵͼʯͷе
The relative size of the particles composing a substance or pattern:
΢ĴСʻͼ΢Գߴ磺
a coarse grain.
ֲڵ΢
A painted, stamped, or printed design that imitates the pattern found in wood, leather, or stone.
ͼģľͷƤʯͷģѹģĻӡˢͼ
The direction or texture of fibers in a woven fabric.
֯֯Ʒߵ֯
A state of fine crystallization.
ᾧ״̬
Basic temperament or nature; disposition.
ʣ飺ƢԻԣ
An essential quality or characteristic.
ʣʻ
Archaic Color; tint.
 Ⱦϣɫ
v.ʣ
grained,grain.ing,grains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to form into grains; granulate.
ʹ״ʹΪʹΪ״
To paint, stamp, or print with a design imitating the grain of wood, leather, or stone.
ľ״滭ѹģӡˢһͼģʯͷƤʯͷ
To give a granular or rough texture to.
״ֲڵĽṹ
To remove the hair or fur from (hides) in preparation for tanning.
ȥƤģë׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form grains.
γɿ
?
with a grain of salt
With reservations; skeptically:
Űɵأбأɵأ
Take that advice with a grain of salt.
Űɵؽܽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French graine 
Դ ŷ graine 
from Latin gr3m * see  g-no- 
Դ  gr3m *μ g-no- 
?
grainer
n.ʣ

= =
grammar
gram.mar
AHD:[gr2mr] 
D.J.[6gr#m*]
K.K.[6gr#m+]
n.Abbr. gram.ʣд gram.
The study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences.
ķѧԴԼɲνγɾӵо
The study of structural relationships in language or in a language, sometimes including pronunciation, meaning, and linguistic history.
﷨ѧԼһڲĽṹϵоʱʷ
The system of inflections, syntax, and word formation of a language.
﷨ķһԵβ仯䷨͵ʹɵϵ
The system of rules implicit in a language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences possible in that language.
﷨һеĹϵڸпܵĻ
A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.
淶ķΪѧοĿ趨ģһͨõĹɵı׼
Writing or speech judged with regard to such a set of rules.
дݽһед򽲻
A book containing the morphologic, syntactic, and semantic rules for a specific language.
﷨飺ĳԵĴʷ򣬾䷨
The basic principles of an area of knowledge:
ԭĳһ֪ʶĻԭ
the grammar of music.
ֵĻԭ
A book dealing with such principles.
飺漰Щԭ
?
Middle English gramere 
йӢ gramere 
from Old French gramaire 
Դ ŷ gramaire 
alteration of Latin grammatica 
  grammaticaı仯 
from Greek grammatik?} [from feminine of] grammatikos [of letters] 
Դ ϣ grammatik?}  [] ԴgrammatikosԴ [ֵ] 
from gramma  grammat- [letter] * see  gerbh- 
Դ gramma  grammat- [] *μ gerbh- 

= =
grammatical
gram.mat.i.cal
AHD:[gr-m2t1-kl] 
D.J.[gr*6m#t!k*l]
K.K.[gr*6m#t!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to grammar.
ڻ﷨
Conforming to the rules of grammar:
ѭ﷨ģ
a grammatical sentence.
﷨ȷľ
?
Late Latin grammatic3s 
 grammatic3s 
from Latin grammaticus 
Դ  grammaticus 
from Greek grammatikos [of letters] * see  grammar 
Դ ϣ grammatikos [ĸ] *μ grammar
?
grammaticality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?] ʣ
grammatically
adv.ʣ

= =
gramme
gramme
AHD:[gr2m] 
D.J.[gr#m]
K.K.[gr#m]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of gram 1
 gramı1

= =
grand
grand
AHD:[gr2nd] 
D.J.[gr#nd]
K.K.[gr#nd]
adj.ݴʣ
grand.er,grand.est 
Large and impressive in size, scope, or extent; magnificent.
ģΰģߴ硢Χ̶ȴӡģ׳ΰ
Rich and sumptuous:
ݻģ
A grand meal was laid before them.
һݻĲȰǰ
Of a solemn, stately, or splendid nature.
ߵģׯϵģׯصģࡢׯػ˵Ե
Dignified or noble in appearance or effect:
ϵģ߹ģӡϻ߹ģ
a grand old face that bespeaks suffering but not defeat.
һŸ߹Ĳ״ܶ
Noble or admirable in conception or intent:
߹ģģڹͼģ
a grand purpose.
־
Lofty or sublime in character:
ׯϻ׿Խģ
a speech delivered in the grand style of the great orators.
˵ҷׯϵݽ
Wonderful or very pleasing:
õĻ˷ǳ˵ģ
had a grand time.
ȹʱ
Having higher rank than others of the same category:
߽׵ģͬȵλߵģ
a grand admiral.
˾
Having more importance than others; principal:
ĸҪģҪģ
the grand ballroom of a hotel.
ùݵ
Of a haughty or pretentious nature.
԰ε
Including or covering all units or aspects:
ȫģܵģ򸲼еԪģ
the grand total.
ȫ
n.ʣ
Music A grand piano.
֡ 
Slang A thousand dollars.
ٵ һǧԪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin grandis 
Դ  grandis 
?
grandly
adv.ʣ
grandness
n.ʣ
?
grand,magnificent,imposing,stately,majestic,august,grandiose
These adjectives mean strikingly large in size, scope, or extent.Bothgrand  and magnificent  apply to what is physically or aesthetically impressive. 
Щݴָڳߴ硢ΧϵļGrand  magnificent ߾ڱʾϻѧϸӡġ 
 Grand  implies dignity, sweep, or eminence: 
 Grand  ׯϡƻעĿ 
buildings on a grand scale;
ģĽ
a grand coronation ceremony;
ׯϵļ
a performance in the grand manner.
ڵıݡ
Magnificent  suggests splendor, sumptuousness, and grandeur: 
Magnificent  Իͣ߰ϣ 
a magnificent cathedral;
һԻ͵Ĵã
magnificent jewels;
鱦
a magnificent poem.
õʫƪ
Imposing  describes what impresses by virtue of its size, bearing, or power: 
Imposing  񡢾ֹ˵ 
an imposing residence;
˵סլ
mountain peaks of imposing height.
ߵɽ塣
Stately  refers principally to what is dignified and handsome,as in size or proportions: 
Stately  Ҫָׯغͺÿڳߴ棺 
stately homes;
ΰסլ
stately columns;
׳۵Բ
a stately oak.
׳۵
Majestic  suggests lofty dignity or nobility: 
Majestic  ָߵϻ߹ 
the majestic Alps;
ΰİ˹ɽ
a majestic wave of the hand.
ׯصػ֡
August  describes what inspires solemn reverence or awe,as because of exalted rank or character: 
August  漤𾴻ηΪߵĵλԸ 
was ushered into the archbishop's august presence.
Ϊϵ
Grandiose   refers to what is marked by imposing largeness ( 
Grandiose  ָעĿľ޴Ϊ־ 
simple but grandiose architecture); it often suggests pretentiousness, affectation, or pompousness ( 
൫޴Ľ 䳣ָΪǣٻ԰ 
grandiose ideas;
Ϊǵ뷨
a grandiose writing style). 
д 

= =
granddaughter
grand.daugh.ter
AHD:[gr2nd?tr] 
D.J.[6gr#n7d%8t*]
K.K.[6gr#n7d%t+]
n.ʣ
A daughter of one's son or daughter.
ŮŮĳ˶ӻŮŮ

= =
grandfather
grand.fa.ther
AHD:[gr2ndf?Yr, gr2n-] 
D.J.[6gr#nd7f$8H*, 6gr#n-]
K.K.[6gr#nd7f$H+, 6gr#n-]
n.ʣ
The father of one's mother or father.
游⹫ĳĸ׻׵ĸ
A forefather; an ancestor.
ڣԶ
Computer Science A stored file of data from which two successive files have been derived, used for comparison with or as a backup copy for the newer files.
ѧ ԭʼļԭʼ飬游һļݴļ ںļȽϻΪļı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
grand.fa.thered,grand.fa.ther.ing,grand.fa.thers 
To exempt (one already involved in an activity or a business) from new regulations concerning that activity or business:
·ƣʹһеˣųйشֻ·֮⣺
The city passed an ordinance restricting the size of advertising signs, but grandfathered all those signs erected before 1982.
ͨһƹƹķЩ1982 ǰ
?
V., from grandfather clause 
ʣԴ grandfather clause

= =
grandmother
grand.moth.er
AHD:[gr2ndm?Yr, gr2n-] 
D.J.[6gr#nd7mJH*, 6gr#n-]
K.K.[6gr#nd7mJH+, 6gr#n-]
n.ʣ
The mother of one's father or mother.Also called  grandam 
ĸĸĳ˸׻ĸ׵ĸҲ  grandam
A female ancestor.
ŮȣŮ

= =
grandson
grand.son
AHD:[gr2nds?n, gr2n-] 
D.J.[6gr#nd7sJn, 6gr#n-]
K.K.[6gr#nd7sJn, 6gr#n-]
n.ʣ
A son of one's son or daughter.
ӣĳ˶ӻŮĶ

= =
grant
grant
AHD:[gr2nt] 
D.J.[gr#nt]
K.K.[gr#nt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
grant.ed,grant.ing,grants 
To consent to the fulfillment of:
ͬ⣺ͬԡ㣺
grant a request.
ͬҪ
To accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege:
裺ѡΪȨȨ裺
granted the franchise to all citizens.
йѡȨ
To bestow; confer:
裻ṩ
grant aid.

To transfer (property) by a deed.
öɲƲԼתƣƲ
To concede; acknowledge:
ϣ֪
I grant the genius of your plan, but you still will not find backers.
ҳļƻд⣬㻹ǲҵ֧
n.ʣ
The act of granting.
ϿɣΪ
Something granted.
Ķ
A giving of funds for a specific purpose:
裺ΪĳһضĿĵĻ𹩸
federal grants for medical research.
ҽоʽ
Law 
ɡ 
A transfer of property by deed.
ƲöɣͨԼĲƲת
The property so transferred.
תƵĲƲ
The deed by which the property is so transferred.
ö֤飺ƲתʱݵԼ
One of several tracts of land in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont originally granted to an individual or a group.
أºʲݣݺͷݼ˻еһ
?
Middle English granten 
йӢ granten 
from Old French granter 
Դ ŷ granter 
variant of creanter 
 creanterı 
from Vulgar Latin *cr?3re} [to assure] 
Դ  *cr?3re} [ȷ] 
from Latin cr??ns}  cr?dent- [present participle of] cr?dere [to believe] * see  kerd- 
Դ  cr??ns}  cr?dent-  [] cr?dereڷִ [] *μ kerd- 
?
grantable
adj.ݴʣ
granter
n.ʣ
?
grant,vouchsafe,concede,accord,award
These verbs mean to give as a favor, prerogative, or privilege.
ЩָΪȨȨ衣
 Grant  usually implies that the giver is in a higher position, as one of authority, than the receiver and that he or she acts out of justice, mercy, or generosity: 
 Grant  ͨʩ߱ȽߴڸߵλãΪһȨֳʴȻ򿶿 
granted the petitioner's request;
ԸߵҪ
granting permission.
׼
Vouchsafe  emphasizes more strongly the giver's superior position and connotes condescension: 
Vouchsafe  ǿʩߵŵȵλ⺬ʣ 
won't vouchsafe an answer to your question.
һ𰸡
Concede  usually implies giving reluctantly in response to a strong claim: 
Concede  ָͨӦǿҵҪԸظ裺 
had to concede the mayor's incorruptible honesty.
òгסʵ
Accord   andaward suggest that what is granted is proper, merited, or appropriate:  
Accord  award ָȷģֵó޻˵ģ  
must accord the senator the respect she is due;
ԱӦе𾴣
hopes to be awarded a stipend for further research. 
ϣܱһоķá 
?
Grant
Grant
AHD:[gr2nt] Cary (1904-1986) 
D.J.[gr#nt]
K.K.[gr#nt]
NONE޴ԣ
British-born American actor who was the epitome of the elegant leading man in films such asThe Philadelphia Story  (1940) and North by Northwest  (1959). 
أ(1904-1986) ӢԱǵӰǵĵͣڵӰѳǹ¡ 1940꣩  1959꣩ 
?
Grant
GrantHeber Jedediah (1856-1945)
NONE޴ԣ
American Mormon leader who served as president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1918-1945).
أϣܵµ櫣(1856-1945) ĦŽ䣬1918-1945κʥͽҮջõ
?
Grant
GrantUlysses Simpson  Originally Hiram Ulysses Grant.(1822-1885)
NONE޴ԣ
The 18th President of the United States (1869-1877) and a Civil War general. After his victorious Vicksburg campaign (1862-1863), he was made commander in chief of the Union Army 
(1864) and accepted the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox (1865). Grant's two-term presidency was marred by widespread graft and corruption.
أ˹ɭ(1822-1885) ʮͳ1869-1877꣩սʱڵĽ졣 ˹սۣ 1862-1863꣩лʤΪ˾1864
޲ءڰп˹Ͷ1865꣩ͳձ̰ۺ͸⵽

= =
grape
grape
AHD:[gr3p] 
D.J.[gre!p]
K.K.[grep]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous woody vines of the genusVitis,  bearing clusters of edible berries and widely cultivated in many species and varieties. 
ѣ ľֲеκһ֣дʳùʵ㷺࣬ͱ 
The fleshy, smooth-skinned, purple, red, or green berry of a grape, eaten raw or dried as a raisin and widely used in winemaking.
ѹɫġƤ⻬ĽɫɫɫʳƳɹɣ㷺ƾ
Color A dark violet to dark grayish purple.
ɫʡ ɫǳɫ
Grapeshot.
ѵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [bunch of grapes, hook] 
Դ ŷ [Ѵ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[ԴԵ] 

= =
graph
graph 1
AHD:[gr2f] 
D.J.[gr#f]
K.K.[gr#f]
n.ʣ
A diagram that exhibits a relationship, often functional, between two sets of numbers as a set of points having coordinates determined by the relationship.Also called  plot 
ͼʾĹϵͨΪϵͼֹϵȷһϵĵҲ  plot
A pictorial device, such as a pie chart or bar graph, used to illustrate quantitative relationships.Also called  chart 
ͼʾһͼʾֶΣ״ͼͼڱʾϵҲ  chart
v.tr.ﶯʣ
graphed,graph.ing,graphs 
To represent by a graph.
ͼʾ
To plot (a function) on a graph.
һͼ
?
Short for graphic formula 
 graphic formulaļд 
?
graph
graph 2
AHD:[gr2f] 
D.J.[gr#f]
K.K.[gr#f]
n.ʣ
The spelling of a word.
ʵƴ
Any of the possible forms of a grapheme.
д壺һĸܵʽеһ
A written character that represents a vowel, consonant, syllable, word, or other expression and that cannot be further analyzed.
дλдţһԪڡʻ﷽ʽҲܽһֽд
?
Greek graph?} [writing] * see  graphic 
ϣ graph?} [д] *μ graphic

= =
grasp
grasp
AHD:[gr2sp] 
D.J.[gr#sp]
K.K.[gr#sp]
v.ʣ
grasped,grasp.ing,grasps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take hold of or seize firmly with or as if with the hand.
ץסֻһرסץס
To clasp firmly with or as if with the hand.
סûһعס
To take hold of intellectually; comprehend.See Synonyms at apprehend 
⣬᣺ǵգμ apprehend
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a motion of seizing, snatching, or clutching.
еץסץյĶ
To show eager and prompt willingness or acceptance:
еؽܣֳкѸٵԸܵģ
grasps at any opportunity.
ץסκλ
n.ʣ
The act of grasping.
ץסץסĶ
A firm hold or grip.
սذѳֻץס
An embrace.
ӵ
The ability or power to seize or attain; reach:
գƣץסȡﵽ
Victory in the election was within her grasp.
ѡȲʤȯ
Understanding; comprehension:
⣺
only a vague intuitive grasp of the meaning of greatness in literature(Gilbert Highet)
ѧеΰĽһģֱ⡱(ء)
?
Middle English graspen * see  ghrebh- 1
йӢ graspen *μ ghrebh- 1

= =
grass
grass
AHD:[gr2s] 
D.J.[gr#s]
K.K.[gr#s]
n.ʣ
The grass family.
̱
The members of the grass family considered as a group.
ݣֲ̱ܳ
Any of various plants having slender leaves characteristic of the grass family.
̱Ƶκһ֣̱ƶϸҶԵֲеκһ
An expanse of ground, such as a lawn, covered with grass or similar plants.
ݵأһأݵأвݼƵֲ
Grazing land; pasture.
أ
Slang Marijuana.
ٵ 
Electronics Small variations in amplitude of an oscilloscope display caused by electrical noise.
ѧ ţɵµʾʾС仯
v.ʣ
grassed,grass.ing,grass.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with grass.
òݸ
To grow grass on.
ڡֲ
To feed (livestock) with grass.
òι
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become covered with grass.
ݸ
To graze.

?
Middle English gras 
йӢ gras 
from Old English gr?s * see  ghr?- 
Դ Ӣ gr?s *μ ghr?- 
?
Grass
Grass
AHD:[gr?s] Gnter Wilhelm (Born 1927) 
D.J.[gr$8s]
K.K.[gr$s]
NONE޴ԣ
German writer whose novels, notablyThe Tin Drum  (1959) and Dog Years  (1963), concern the political and social climate of Germany during and after World War II. 
˹ض( 1927) ¹ңС˵Ƥġ 1959꣩ ˵¡ 1963꣩漰˵¹ڶսڼ估սκò 

= =
grateful
grate.ful
AHD:[gr3tfl] 
D.J.[6gre!tf*l]
K.K.[6gretf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Appreciative of benefits received; thankful.
мģлģΪõĺôмģл
Expressing gratitude.
ʾл
Affording pleasure or comfort; agreeable.
ṩֻʵģ
?
From obsolete grate [pleasing] 
Դ  grate [˸˵] 
from Latin gr3s * see  g wer- 2
Դ  gr3s *μ g wer- 2
?
gratefully
adv.ʣ
gratefulness
n.ʣ

= =
gratitude
grat.i.tude
AHD:[gr2t1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6gr#t!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6gr#t!7tud, -7tjud]
n.ʣ
The state of being grateful; thankfulness.
мл⣺мӣл
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
probably from Late Latin gr3?d?}  gr3tit?din- 
Դ  gr3?d?}  gr3tit?din- 
from Latin gr3s [pleasing] * see  g wer- 2
Դ  gr3s [˸˵] *μ g wer- 2

= =
grave
grave 1
AHD:[gr3v] 
D.J.[gre!v]
K.K.[grev]
n.ʣ
An excavation for the interment of a corpse.
ĹʬĵѨ
A place of burial.
ص
Death or extinction:

faced the grave with calm resignation.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gr?f * see  ghrebh- 2
Դ Ӣ gr?f *μ ghrebh- 2
?
grave
grave 2
AHD:[gr3v] 
D.J.[gre!v]
K.K.[grev]
adj.ݴʣ
grav.er,grav.est 
Requiring serious thought; momentous:
شģҪ˼ģشģ
a grave decision in a time of crisis.
Σʱڵش
Fraught with danger or harm:
ΣģΣջ𺦵ģ
a grave wound.
صĴ
Dignified and somber in conduct or character:
ׯϵģׯصģΪԸ϶ׯȵģ
a grave procession.See Synonyms at serious 
ׯнĶμ serious
Somber or dark in hue.
ɫҰģ谵
also [gr?v] Linguistics 
Ҳ [gr?v] ѧ 
Written with or modified by the mark (`), as the  inSvres.  
ģñǣ`дεģSvres еĨ 
Of or referring to a phonetic feature that distinguishes sounds produced at the periphery of the vocal tract, as in labial and velar consonants and back vowels.
ģڻһϵģͨԪԵ ڴͺԪ
n.ʣ
AHD:Ҳ [gr?v] ѧ 
A mark (`) indicating a pronouncede  for the sake of meter in the usually nonsyllabic ending -ed  in English poetry. 
һʶ(`)Ӣʫͨڽβ-ed 跢 e ı 
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gravis * see  g wer- 1
Դ  gravis *μ g wer- 1
?
gravely
adv.ʣ
graveness
n.ʣ
?
grave
grave 3
AHD:[gr3v] 
D.J.[gre!v]
K.K.[grev]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
graved,grav.en[gr3vn]   graved grav.ing,graves 
To sculpt or carve; engrave.
ܻ̣
To stamp or impress deeply; fix permanently.
ǣʹӡӡϻӡõع̶
?
Middle English graven 
йӢ graven 
from Old English grafan * see  ghrebh- 2
Դ Ӣ grafan *μ ghrebh- 2
?
grave
grave 4
AHD:[gr3v] 
D.J.[gre!v]
K.K.[grev]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
graved,grav.ing,graves 
To clean and coat (the bottom of a wooden ship) with pitch.
Ϳľƴĵײ
?
Middle English graven 
йӢ graven 
?
grave
grave 5
AHD:[gr?v3] 
D.J.[6gr$8ve!]
K.K.[6gr$ve]
adv.ʣ
adj.Music ݴʣ֡ 
In a slow and solemn manner. Used chiefly as a direction.
ׯϵأģҪݳָʾ
?
Italian 
 
from Latin gravis [heavy] * see  grave 2
Դ  gravis [ص] *μ grave2

= =
gravity
grav.i.ty
AHD:[gr2v1-t?] 
D.J.[6gr#v!ti8]
K.K.[6gr#v!ti]
n.ʣ
Abbr. gr.Physics 
д gr.ѧ 
The natural force of attraction exerted by a celestial body, such as Earth, upon objects at or near its surface, tending to draw them toward the center of the body.
ʩӵȻ򣬶Դڻӽнĵ
The natural force of attraction between any two massive bodies, which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance 
between them.
κ޴Ȼǵȣ߼ƽɷ
Gravitation.

Grave consequence; seriousness or importance:
شĺػش
They are still quite unaware of the gravity of their problems.
δʶ
Solemnity or dignity of manner.
ׯϵľֹ
?
French gravit [heaviness] 
 gravit [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gravit3s 
Դ  gravit3s 
from gravis [heavy] * see  g wer- 1
Դ gravis [ص] *μ g wer- 1

= =
gray
gray Ҳ grey
AHD:[gr3] 
D.J.[gre!]
K.K.[gre]
adj.ݴʣ
gray.er Ҳ grey.er gray.est grey.est  
Color Of or relating to an achromatic color of any lightness between the extremes of black and white.
ɫʡ ɫģڻһֽڼȺɫͰɫ֮κȵɫɫ
Dull or dark:
谵Ļڰģ
a gray, rainy afternoon.
һ谵
Lacking in cheer; gloomy:
ȱٻģģ
a gray mood.

Having gray hair; hoary.
лɫͷģͷҰ׵
Old or venerable.
ɵĻ߹ϵ
Intermediate in character or position, as with regard to a subjective matter:
ɫԸλϾмģ翼һʱ
the gray area between their differing opinions on the film's morality.
ǹڵӰµĲ֮ͬĻɫ
n.ʣ
Color An achromatic color of any lightness between the extremes of black and white.
ɫʡ ɫڼȺɫͰɫ֮κȵһɫɫ
An object or animal of the color gray.
ɫ
Often Gray 
  Gray 
A member of the Confederate Army in the Civil War.
ʿսϷ˾ӵʿ
The Confederate Army.
Ϸ˾
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
grayed Ҳ greyed gray.ing grey.ing grays greys  
To make or become gray.
ʹɫɻɫ
?
Middle English grei 
йӢ grei 
from Old English gr?g 
Դ Ӣ gr?g 
?
grayly
adj.ݴʣ
grayness
n.ʣ
?
Gray
Gray
AHD:[gr3] Asa (1810-1888) 
D.J.[gre!]
K.K.[gre]
NONE޴ԣ
American botanist who greatly enlarged and improved the description of North American flora and was the chief American advocate of Charles Darwin's theories.
ף(1810-1888) ֲѧң伫չ͸˶Աֲϵļ¼˹۵Ҫ
?
Gray
GrayHanna Holborn (Born 1930)
NONE޴ԣ
German-born American educator who was appointed president of the University of Chicago (1978), thus becoming the first woman to preside over a major American university.
ףɡ( 1930) ңΪ֥ӸѧУ1978꣩ ΪһλһصѧŮ
?
Gray
GrayHorace (1828-1902)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1882-1902).
ף˹(1828-1902) ٣߷Ժ󷨹٣1882-1902꣩
?
Gray
GrayRobert (1755-1806)
NONE޴ԣ
American explorer who twice circumnavigated the globe (1787-1790 and 1790-1793) and discovered Grays Harbor and the Columbia River (1792).
ף޲أ(1755-1806) ̽ռңλУ1787-17901790-1793꣩˸˹ۺ͸ױǺӣ1792꣩
?
Gray
GrayThomas (1716-1771)
NONE޴ԣ
British poet considered a forerunner of English romanticism. His most famous work isElegy Written in a Country Courtyard  (1751). 
ף˹(1716-1771) ӢʫˣΪӢ˶ƷΪĹ԰衷 1751꣩ 
?
gray
gray 2
AHD:[gr3] 
D.J.[gre!]
K.K.[gre]
n.Abbr. Gyʣд Gy
The SI unit for the energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to one joule per kilogram.
ףܵλӻĹʵλƣ൱ÿһ
?
After Louis Harold Gray  (1905-1965), British radiobiologist 
After Louis Harold Gray  (1905-1965), British radiobiologist 

= =
graze
graze 1
AHD:[gr3z] 
D.J.[gre!z]
K.K.[grez]
v.ʣ
grazed,graz.ing,graz.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feed on growing grasses and herbage.
ʳݣΪʳ
Informal 
ʽ 
To eat a variety of appetizers as a full meal.
ԡΪʳѸֿθСԵ
To eat snacks throughout the day in place of full meals.
ʳСԣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland.
šԲݣһյػݳϷšԣݣ
To feed on the herbage of (a piece of land).
ţ󣩳ԣһϵģ
To afford herbage for the feeding of:
ԲݣΪأ
This field will graze 30 head of cattle.
ؿɹ30ͷţԲ
To put (livestock) out to feed.
ѣ󣩴Բ
To tend (feeding livestock) in a pasture.
ڲݵչˣڳԲݵ
?
Middle English grasen 
йӢ grasen 
from Old English grasian 
Դ Ӣ grasian 
from gr?s [grass] * see  ghr?- 
Դ gr?s [] *μ ghr?- 
?
grazeable  
grazable
adj.ݴʣ
grazer
n.ʣ
?
graze
graze 2
AHD:[gr3z] 
D.J.[gre!z]
K.K.[grez]
v.ʣ
grazed,graz.ing,graz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To touch lightly in passing; brush.See Synonyms at brush 1
ӹͨʱ΢Ӵμ brush1
To scrape or scratch slightly; abrade.
ˣĥزץ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To scrape or touch something lightly in passing.
ͨʱزӴ
n.ʣ
The act of brushing or scraping along a surface.
һƽεĶ
A minor scratch or abrasion.
ˣһ΢Ĳ˻ĥ
?
Perhaps from graze 1
Դ graze1

= =
grease
grease
AHD:[gr?s] 
D.J.[gri8s]
K.K.[gris]
n.ʣ
Soft or melted animal fat, especially after rendering.
֬֬ĻܻĶָ֬
A thick oil or viscous substance, especially when used as a lubricant.
ͣͣճͻճʣָ͵
The oily substance present in raw wool; suint.
ë֬ëкеʣë֬
Raw wool that has not been cleansed of this oily substance.
ëûȥʵë
Slang Something, such as money or influence, that facilitates the attainment of an object or a desire:
ٵ ¸СѣʹĿʵֱ׵ĶǮӰ
accepted some grease to fix the outcome of the race.
ܻ¸ݱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
greased,greas.ing,greas.es[gr?s, gr?z]  
To coat, smear, or soil with grease:
ͿͣͿͣ
greased the pie pan.
ƽ׹Ϳ
To lubricate with grease.
󻬣
To facilitate the progress of.
ӿ졭Ľչ
Slang To kill.See Regional Note at greasy 
ٵ ɱμ greasy
?
grease (someone's) palm 
grease (someone's) hand ٵ
To bribe.
ĳˣл
?
Middle English grese 
йӢ grese 
from Anglo-Norman grece 
Դ Ӣ grece 
from Vulgar Latin *crassia 
Դ  *crassia 
from Latin crassus [fat, thick] 
Դ  crassus [ʣ] 
?
greaseless
adj.ݴʣ
greaseproof
adj.ݴʣ

= =
great
great
AHD:[gr3t] 
D.J.[gre!t]
K.K.[gret]
adj.ݴʣ
great.er,great.est д gr.,gt.
Very large in size.
޴ģϺܴ
Larger in size than others of the same kind.
ģϱκͬﶼ
Large in quantity or number:
ĿڶģϺܶģ
A great throng awaited us.See Synonyms at large 
һȺڵǲμ large
Extensive in time or distance:
ʱϺܳģ
a great delay.
ʱ
Remarkable or outstanding in magnitude, degree, or extent:
ģڳ̶ȡΧֵעעĿģ
a great crisis.
޴Σ
Of outstanding significance or importance:
ҪģΰģгѰҪԵģ
a great work of art.
ΰƷ
Chief or principal:
ҪģҪģ
the great house on the estate.
ڵزϵĺլ
Superior in quality or character; noble:
ΰģڸԻƷģߵģ
For he was great, ere fortune made him so(John Dryden)
Ǹΰ(Լ)
Powerful; influential:
ȨģӰģ
one of the great nations of the West.
֮һ
Eminent; distinguished:
׿Խģ׿Խģģ
a great leader.
һλ׿Խ쵼
Grand; aristocratic.
߹ģ
Informal Enthusiastic:
ʽ ĵģ
a great lover of music.

Informal Very skillful:
ʽ óģóģǳмɵģ
great at algebra.
ó
Informal Very good; first-rate:
ʽ ģ߼ģ
We had a great time at the dance.
úܿ
Being one generation removed from the relative specified. Often used in combination:
ģ֣ϵмġϹʣ
a great-granddaughter.
Ů
Archaic Pregnant.
 е
n.ʣ
pl. greats or great  One that is great:
 greats  great  ΰˣΰ£
a composer considered among the greats.
һλΪΰ֮һ
Music 
֡ 
A division of most pipe organs, usually containing the most powerful ranks of pipes.
Ҫ̺͹ӣͨĹӵĹܷٵĴ󲿷ֲ
A similar division of other organs.
ٵƲ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Very well:
ǳã
got along great with the teacher.
ʦദ÷ǳ
?
Middle English grete 
йӢ grete 
from Old English gr?t [thick, coarse] 
Դ Ӣ gr?t [񣬴] 
?
greatly
adv.ʣ
greatness
n.ʣ

= =
greedy
greed.y
AHD:[gr?d?] 
D.J.[6gri8di8]
K.K.[6gridi]
adj.ݴʣ
greed.i.er,greed.i.est 
Excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing, especially wishing to possess more than what one needs or deserves.
̰ģ̰ĵģԻȡӵУرϣӵгӦõļȿ
Wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably consume; gluttonous.
̰ʳģԻȵԼĺʳʳģ̰Ե
Extremely eager or desirous:
ģеģȵϣģ
greedy for the opportunity to prove their ability.
֤Ļ
?
Middle English gredi 
йӢ gredi 
from Old English gr?g * see  gher- 2
Դ Ӣ gr?g *μ gher- 2
?
greedily
adv.ʣ
greediness
n.ʣ

= =
green
green
AHD:[gr?n] 
D.J.[gri8n]
K.K.[grin]
n.ʣ
Color The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 
nanometers; any of a group of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation and whose hue is that of the emerald or somewhat less yellow than that of growing grass; one of the 
additive or light primaries; one of the psychological primary hues.
ɫʡ ɫڿɼλڻɫɫ֮ɫͨԼ490570 ΢֮ķԴм һŨͬɫĸһ»Ĳ
ɫƵɫеһ֣ɫԭɫɫԭɫеһ֣ѧеĻɫ֮һ
Something green in color.
ɫĶ
greens Green growth or foliage, especially:
 greens ɫֲɫҶӣɫֲҶӣָ
The branches and leaves of plants used for decoration.
װõֲ֦Ҷ
Leafy plants or plant parts eaten as vegetables.
ɫ߲ˣΪ߲˵ĶҶֲֲһ
A grassy lawn or plot, especially:
ݵأ̵أһƺݵأָ
A grassy area located usually at the center of a city or town and set aside for common use; a common.
̵أڳлĵΪõĲݵ
Sports A putting green.
˶ Ѩ
greens A green uniform:
 greens ɫƷ
a young . . . sergeant in dress greens(Nelson DeMille)
ɫƷʿ(ɶѷҮ)
Slang Money.
ٵ ƱǮƱ
Green A supporter of a social and political movement that espouses global environmental protection, bioregionalism, social responsibility, and nonviolence.
 Green ɫƽߣŷȫ򻷾塢θкͷǱ˶֧
adj.ݴʣ
green.er,green.est 
Color Of the color green.
ɫʡ ɫģɫ
Abounding in or covered with green growth or foliage:
ģ̵ģڻɫֲҶǵģ
the green woods.
̵Ĵ
Made with green or leafy vegetables:
߲˵ģɫҶ߲Ƴɵģ
a green salad.
ɫ߲ɫ
Characterized by mild or temperate weather:
º͵ģº͵Ϊģ
a green climate.
º͵
Youthful; vigorous:
ģģģлģ
at the green age of 18.
ֵʮ
Not mature or ripe; young:
δģδģ׵ģģ
green tomatoes.
δ
Brand-new; fresh.
ոµģȫµģµ
Not yet fully processed, especially:
δȫչģָ
Not aged:
׵ģδģ
green wood.

Not cured or tanned:
δӹƵģ
green pelts.
δƵëƤ
Lacking training or experience.See Synonyms at young 
ɵģ޾ģȱѵμ young
Lacking sophistication or worldly experience; naive.
ɵģģʵģ
Easily duped or deceived; gullible.
ƭģױƭģƭ
Having a sickly or unhealthy pallor indicative of nausea or jealousy, for example.
ɫѿģɫʲ̬򲻽Ĳ԰ɫɶĻʼ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
greened,green.ing,greens 
To make or become green.
ʹ
?
green around the gills 
green about the gills
Pale or sickly in appearance.
ɫ԰׻򲻽
?
Middle English grene 
йӢ grene 
from Old English gr?e * see  ghr?- 
Դ Ӣ gr?e *μ ghr?- 
N., sense 7 
7 
translation of German Grnen [Greens] 
  Grnenķ [ɫ] 
from grn [green] 
Դ grn [ɫ] 
?
greenly
adv.ʣ
greenness
n.ʣ
?
Green
GreenAnna Katherine (1846-1935)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer of detective fiction whose novels includeThe Leavenworth Case  (1878). 
֣ȡɪ֣(1846-1935) С˵ңС˵˼ 1878꣩ 
?
Green
GreenHenrietta Howland  Known as Hetty.(1834-1916)
NONE޴ԣ
American financier who became America's richest woman through her shrewd investment of a large inheritance. Her miserly lifestyle was the subject of many anecdotes.
֣(1834-1916) ڼҡɼ̳еĴŲľͶʶΪеŮˡزūʽʽഫ˵
?
Green
GreenPaul Eliot (1894-1981)
NONE޴ԣ
American playwright noted for his dramas portraying Southern life, such asIn Abraham's Bosom  (1926), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 
֣ޡأ(1894-1981) ϷңдϷϷ硶ǲС 1926꣩Ҳ˻߽ 
?
Green
GreenWilliam (1873-1952)
NONE޴ԣ
American labor leader who as president of the American Federation of Labor (1924-1952) led the struggle with the Congress of Industrial Organizations after the two unions split (1936).
֣(1873-1952) ͹쵼ˡΪ͹ϻϯ1924-1952꣩ ڲҵϻѳ֮1936꣩쵼Ŀ

= =
greenhouse
green.house
AHD:[gr?nhous] 
D.J.[6gri8n7ha&s]
K.K.[6grin7ha&s]
n.ʣ
A structure, primarily of glass, in which temperature and humidity can be controlled for the cultivation or protection of plants.
ңůһҪɲɵĽڲ¶Ⱥʪȿɿֲı
Slang A clear plastic bubble or shell covering part of an aircraft.
ٵ вգɻ͸Ĳɵ͸Բֻ״

= =
greet
greet
AHD:[gr?t] 
D.J.[gri8t]
K.K.[grit]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
greet.ed,greet.ing,greets 
To salute or welcome in a friendly and respectful way with speech or writing, as upon meeting or in opening a letter.
ʺ򣬳ƺкڼŵĿͷԻַʽѺò𾴵¾ӭ
To receive with a specified reaction:
ܣضķʽܣ
greet a joke with laughter.
ЦЦ
To be perceived by:
ʶ֪
A din greeted our ears.
һ
?
Middle English greten 
йӢ greten 
from Old English gr?n 
Դ Ӣ gr?n 
?
greeter
n.ʣ

= =
greeting
greet.ing
AHD:[gr?t1ng] 
D.J.[6gri8t!0]
K.K.[6grit!0]
n.ʣ
A word or gesture of welcome or salutation.
ʺкһӭ¾Ĵ̬

= =
grey
grey
AHD:[gr3] 
D.J.[gre!]
K.K.[gre]
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of gray 
 grayı
?
Grey
Grey
AHD:[gr3] Charles (Second Earl Grey) (1764-1845) 
D.J.[gre!]
K.K.[gre]
NONE޴ԣ
British politician who as prime minister (1830-1834) implemented parliamentary and social reforms, notably the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.
ף˹(1764-1845) Ӣμңࣨ1830-1834꣩ʱʵĸ Ӣ۹Χڷϳūƶ
?
Grey
GreySir Edward (Third Viscount Grey of Fallodon) (1862-1933)
NONE޴ԣ
British public official who as secretary of state (1905-1916) advocated the 1914 declaration of war on Germany.
׾ʿ»(1862-1933) ӢԱ⽻󳼣1905-1916꣩ʱ1914ĶԵս
?
Grey
GreyLady Jane (1537-1554)
NONE޴ԣ
Queen of England for nine days (1553). Proclaimed queen on the death of Edward VI (July 10, 1553), she was imprisoned after her short reign, replaced by the popular Mary Tudor, later 
Mary I, and subsequently beheaded for treason.
׿(1537-1554) ӢŮ1553꣩ڰ»ݱʱ1553710գΪŮڶݵں󱻹ܻӭص£
һȡָΪѹն
?
Grey
GreyZane (1875-1939)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer of Western adventure novels, includingRiders of the Purple Sage  (1912). 
ףޣ(1875-1939) С˵ңƷСϰеʿ 1912꣩ 

= =
grief
grief
AHD:[gr?f] 
D.J.[gri8f]
K.K.[grif]
n.ʣ
Deep mental anguish, as that arising from bereavement.See Synonyms at regret 
ˣʹʧȥµľϵļʹμ regret
A source of deep mental anguish.
ʹԵɣ񼫶ʹĸԴ
Annoyance or frustration:
鷳ۣ
Trying to follow their directions was nothing but grief.
ͼǵָȥֻһ
Trouble or difficulty:
Żѣ
the griefs of trying to meet a deadline.
ͼ֮ǰ
Archaic A grievance.
 ίƽίƽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from grever [to harm, aggrieve] * see  grieve 
Դ grever [˺ʹʹ] *μ grieve

= =
grieve
grieve
AHD:[gr?v] 
D.J.[gri8v]
K.K.[griv]
v.ʣ
grieved,griev.ing,grieves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be sorrowful; distress.
ʹģΪ
Archaic To hurt or harm.
 𺦻˺
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To experience or express grief.
ģֱʹ
?
Middle English greven 
йӢ greven 
from Old French grever [to harm] 
Դ ŷ grever [˺] 
from Latin grav3e [to burden] 
Դ  grav3e [ʹ] 
from gravis [heavy] * see  g wer- 1
Դ gravis [ص] *μ g wer- 1
?
griever
n.ʣ
grievingly
adv.ʣ
?
grieve,lament,mourn,sorrow
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to feel, show, or express grief, sadness, or regret: 
ЩʹеǡеֳﱯʹĻںޡ 
grieved over her father's sudden death;
Ϊ׵ͻȻȥʹ
lamenting over the decline in academic standards;
Ϊѧ׼ĽͶϧ
mourning for lost hopes;
Ϊʧȥϣ̾
sorrowed over the innocent victims of the dictatorship. rejoice 
Ϊͳε޹ܺ߸еѹ rejoice
?
Grieve
Grieve
AHD:[gr?v] Christopher Murray 
D.J.[gri8v]
K.K.[griv]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Hugh MacDiarmid 
μ   MacDiarmid

= =
grim
grim
AHD:[gr1m] 
D.J.[gr!m]
K.K.[gr!m]
adj.ݴʣ
grim.mer,grim.mest 
Unrelenting; rigid.
ģ
Uninviting or unnerving in aspect; forbidding:
ηģģ˵ģʹ˵ӵģµģ
undoubtedly the grimmest part of him was his iron claw(J.M. Barrie)
ʣµĲ־צ(J.M.)
Ghastly; sinister:
µģֲģ
He made a grim jest at the horrifying nature of his wound(Reginald Pound)See Synonyms at ghastly 
µĴ˱һЦ(׽ɵ¡ӵ)μ ghastly
Dismal; gloomy:
ģģ
a grim, rainy day.
һ
Ferocious; savage:
Ұģ̵ģ
the grim advance of the pillaging army.
һ֧ӶԲӵҰо
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English [fierce, severe] 
Դ Ӣ [͵ģص] 
?
grimly
adv.ʣ
grimness
n.ʣ

= =
grin
grin
AHD:[gr1n] 
D.J.[gr!n]
K.K.[gr!n]
v.ʣ
grinned,grin.ning,grins 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor.
Ц촽ֲ¶ݣڸ˻ʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express with a grin:
Цرʾ
I grinned my approval.
һЦʾ
n.ʣ
The act of grinning.
һЦһЦĶ
The facial expression produced by grinning.See Synonyms at smile 
ЦЦʾ沿μ smile
?
Middle English grennen [to grimace] 
йӢ grennen [࣬] 
from Old English grennian 
Դ Ӣ grennian 
?
grinner
n.ʣ
grinningly
adv.ʣ

= =
grind
grind
AHD:[grond] 
D.J.[gra!nd]
K.K.[gra!nd]
v.ʣ
ground[ground] grind.ing,grinds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To crush, pulverize, or reduce to powder by friction, especially by rubbing between two hard surfaces:
飺ѹ飬ͨĦʹɷĩָӲĥ飺
grind wheat into flour.
Сĥ
To shape, sharpen, or refine with friction:
ĥ⣬ĥͨĦΣʹ⻬
grind a lens.
ĥƬ
To rub (two surfaces) together harshly; gnash:
ĥؽƽһĦĥ
grind the teeth.
ҧг
To bear down on harshly; crush.
ѹ룺ʹѹѹ
To oppress or weaken gradually:
ѹե𽥵ѹȻ
Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law(Oliver Goldsmith)
ѹեˣͳŷɡ(ʷ˹)
To operate by turning a crank:
ҡֱ
ground a hurdy-gurdy.
ҡ
To produce or process by turning a crank:
ͨҡֱӹ
grinding a pound of beef.
һţ
To produce mechanically or without inspiration:
еûле죺
The factory grinds out a uniform product.
һµĲƷ
To instill or teach by persistent repetition:
Ѽͨͣظ
ground the truth into their heads.
䵽ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform the operation of grinding something.
ĥĥĳĲ
To become crushed, pulverized, or powdered by friction.
ĥ飺ʹѹĥɷĩ
To move with noisy friction; grate:
¸µ죺̶ĥ̶ĥƶ
a train grinding along rusty rails.
Ŵ̶Ħǰ
Informal To devote oneself to study or work:
ʽ ɣѧȫͶѧϰУ
grinding for a test; grinding away at housework.
Ϊͷͷ
Slang To rotate the pelvis erotically, as in the manner of a stripteaser.
ٵ ػζŪɫҡβһ
n.ʣ
The act of grinding.
ĥĥĶ
A crunching or grinding noise.
֨ĥ
A specific grade or degree of pulverization, as of coffee beans:
ĥϸĳ̶ȣĥϸеضȼ翧ȶģ
drip grind.
ϸĥ
Informal A laborious task, routine, or study:
ʽ ճѧϰ
the daily grind.
ÿĿ
Informal A student who works or studies excessively.
ʽ ùѧ̿ѧ
Slang An erotic rotation of the pelvis.
ٵ ػζŪɫŤ۲Ķ
?
Middle English grinden 
йӢ grinden 
from Old English grindan * see  ghrendh- 
Դ Ӣ grindan *μ ghrendh- 
?
grindingly
adv.ʣ

= =
grip
grip 1
AHD:[gr1p] 
D.J.[gr!p]
K.K.[gr!p]
n.ʣ
A tight hold; a firm grasp:
գץΣסץΣ
a drowning swimmer now safely in the grip of a lifeguard.
ˮӾѱԱץס
The pressure or strength of such a grasp:
ץסѹ
a wrestler with an unmatched grip.
޿ƥˤѡ
A manner of grasping and holding:
աõķʽץպõķʽ
The crate afforded no comfortable grip.
ץܲ˳
Intellectual hold; understanding:
գ⣺֪ʶϵգ⣺
a good grip on French history.
Էʷյúܺ
Ability to function properly or well; competence:
ʤΣܺõʤΣ
getting a grip on the new technique.
ѧ¿Ƽ
A mechanical device that grasps and holds.
Уǯоߣץλսһֻеװ
A part, such as a handle, that is designed to be grasped and held.
ѣסץסĲ
A suitcase or valise.
С
A stagehand who helps in shifting scenery.
̨Ա̨Ա
A member of a film production crew who adjusts sets and props and sometimes assists the camera operator.
鹤ԱӰƾе͵߲ʱӰĹԱ
v.ʣ
gripped,grip.ping,grips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To secure and maintain a tight hold on; seize firmly.
սץΣԡֽգץ
To hold the interest or attention of:
סȤע
a scene that gripped the entire audience.
һסڵϷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To maintain a secure grasp.
ץΣգֽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gripe [grasp] 
Դ Ӣ gripe [ץ] 
gripa [handful] 
gripa [һ] 
?
gripper
n.ʣ
grippingly
adv.ʣ
?
grip
grip 2
AHD:[gr1p] 
D.J.[gr!p]
K.K.[gr!p]
n.ʣ
Variant of grippe 
 grippeı

= =
groan
groan
AHD:[gr?n] 
D.J.[gr*&n]
K.K.[gron]
v.ʣ
groaned,groan.ing,groans 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To voice a deep, inarticulate sound, as of pain, grief, or displeasure.
ʹࡢʹ򲻿췢Ͷ첻
To make a sound expressive of stress or strain:
֨ѹ죺
floorboards groaning.
ذ屻ѹ֨
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or express with groans or a groan.
˵űʾ
n.ʣ
The sound made in groaning.
ѹʱ
?
Middle English gronen 
йӢ gronen 
from Old English gr3n 
Դ Ӣ gr3n 
?
groaner
n.ʣ
groaningly
adv.ʣ

= =
grocer
gro.cer
AHD:[gr?sr] 
D.J.[6gr*&s*]
K.K.[6gros+]
n.ʣ
One that sells foodstuffs and various household supplies.
ӻ̣ʳƷ͸ճƷ
?
Middle English [wholesaler] 
йӢ [] 
from Anglo-Norman grosser 
Դ Ӣ grosser 
from Medieval Latin gross3s 
Դ  gross3s 
from Late Latin grossus [thick] 
Դ  grossus [] 

= =
grocery
gro.cer.y
AHD:[gr?s-r?] 
D.J.[6gr*&s*ri8]
K.K.[6gros*ri]
n.ʣ
 gro.cer.ies 
A store selling foodstuffs and various household supplies.
ӻ꣺ʳƷ͸ճƷ̵
groceries Commodities sold by a grocer.
 groceries ӻ֮

= =
grope
grope
AHD:[gr?p] 
D.J.[gr*&p]
K.K.[grop]
v.ʣ
groped,grop.ing,gropes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reach about uncertainly; feel one's way:
Ĵ̽ǰ
groped for the telephone.
ȥ绰
To search blindly or uncertainly:
̽äĿػȷѰң
grope for an answer.
Ѱһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (one's way) by reaching about uncertainly.
·ͨĴ̽Ѱ·ǰ
Slang To handle or fondle for sexual pleasure.
ٵ 壺ΪԿж򰮸
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of groping.
̽̽Ϊ
?
Middle English gropen 
йӢ gropen 
from Old English gr3n 
Դ Ӣ gr3n 
?
groper
n.ʣ
gropingly
adv.ʣ

= =
gross
gross
AHD:[gr?s] 
D.J.[gr*&s]
K.K.[gros]
adj.ݴʣ
gross.er,gross.est 
Exclusive of deductions; total:
ܵģп۳ģܵģ
gross profits.See Synonyms at whole 
ëμ whole
Unmitigated in any way; utter:
ʮģڸ涼ȫģģ
gross imcompetence.
ʮ
Glaringly obvious; flagrant:
ȻģʮԵģģ
gross injustice.See Synonyms at flagrant 
ȻķΪμ flagrant
Brutishly coarse, as in behavior; crude.
׵ģģֹײģֱ
Offensive; disgusting.See Synonyms at coarse 
׵ģ˲Ĳμ coarse
Lacking sensitivity or discernment; unrefined.
ȱл򶴲ģеģ׵ģŵ
Carnal; sensual.
ģе
Overweight; corpulent.
ӷ׵ģֵ
Dense; profuse.
Ũܵģïʢ
Broad; general:
µģģ
the gross outlines of a plan.
һƻĴŵҪ
n.ʣ
pl. gross.es The entire body or amount, as of income, before necessary deductions have been made.
 gross.es ܶڱҪĿ۳֮ǰܶ뷽ܶ
pl. gross Abbr. gr.,gro.A group of 144 items; 12 dozen.
 gross д gr.,gro.ޣλ14412
v.tr.ﶯʣ
grossed,gross.ing,gross.es 
To earn as a total income or profit before deductions.
׬á룺Ҫ۳ǰ׬õ
?
gross out ٵ
To fill with disgust; nauseate:
ʹ˳ʹģ
The trick in making a family film . . . is finding ways to interest grown-ups without boring, confusing, or grossing out the younger set(Christian Science Monitor)
ļͥϷʱͼһЩɡ˵Ȥֲʹ˸е룬ԻǶġ(̿ѧԱ)
?
Middle English [large] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French gros 
Դ ŷ gros 
from Late Latin grossus [thick] 
Դ  grossus [] 
N., sense 2 
2 
from Middle English grosse 
Դ йӢ grosse 
from Old French grosse (douzain) [large (dozen)] [feminine of] gros 
Դ ŷ grosse (douzain) [ģһ]  [] grosԴ 
?
grosser
n.ʣ
grossly
adv.ʣ
grossness
n.ʣ
?
Gross
Gross
AHD:[gr?s] Samuel David (1805-1884) 
D.J.[gr*&s]
K.K.[gros]
NONE޴ԣ
American surgeon and educator who wrote widely influential medical treatises, such asA System of Surgery  (1859). 
˹Ѷά(1805-1884) ҽҡƶӰԶҽѧ硶ѧϵͳ 1859꣩ 

= =
ground
ground 1
AHD:[ground] 
D.J.[gra&nd]
K.K.[gra&nd]
n.ʣ
The solid surface of the earth.
棺Ĺ
The floor of a body of water, especially the sea.
ףףˮ壬Ǻĵײ
Soil; earth:
أأ
level the ground for a lawn.
ƽΪƺ
Often grounds An area of land designated for a particular purpose:
  grounds ΪĳһĿضĳأ
a burial ground; parade grounds.
Ĺأı
Often grounds The land surrounding or forming part of a house or another building:
  grounds أͥԺڷݻ¥Χأ
a guesthouse on the grounds of the mansion.
ͥԺеĿͷ
An area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle:
أսսľĵأ
The soldiers held their ground against the enemy. Character witnesses helped the defendant stand her ground in the trial.
սʿǴ˵оסأ֤˰ڷͥվ˽Ÿ
Something that serves as a foundation or means of attachment for something else:
ӣɫΪӻճסĶ
a ground of white paint under the mural.
ڻİɫ
A surrounding area; a background.
Χĵ
Often grounds The foundation for an argument, a belief, or an action; a basis.
  grounds ݣۣжĻ
Often grounds The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause:
  grounds ɣԭ򣺴ʹȡжĸԭɣ
grounds for suspicion; a ground for divorce.See Synonyms at base 1
ɵԭɲμ base1
An area of reference or discussion; a subject:
Χ⣺ο۵ķΧ⣺
The professor covered new ground in every lecture.
ÿνж漰µ
grounds The sediment at or from the bottom of a liquid:
 grounds ңҺײĳ
coffee grounds.

Abbr. gnd.Electricity 
д gnd.ѧ 
A large conducting body, such as the earth or an electric circuit connected to the earth, used as an arbitrary zero of potential.
ӵأ壬ĵ·λ
A conducting object, such as a wire, that is connected to such a position of zero potential.
ߣһλλӵĴ壬
v.ʣ
ground.ed,ground.ing,grounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place on or cause to touch the ground.
ѡڵϣʹ
To provide a basis for (a theory, for example); justify.
ΪɣΪ磬ۣṩΪṩ
To supply with basic information; instruct in fundamentals.
Իѵṩ֪ʶڻγ
To prevent (an aircraft or a pilot) from flying.
ʹͣɣʹɻԱֹͣ
Informal To restrict (someone) especially to a certain place as a punishment.
ʽ ƣĳرǽĳĳΪͷ
Electricity To connect (an electric circuit) to a ground.
ѧ ʹӵأ·ڵ
Nautical To run (a vessel) aground.
 ʹִǳ
Baseball To hit (a ball) onto the ground.
 򣩻
Football To throw a ball to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage.
 ɹ򣺽Աֹͣǰߺ󱻱ס
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To touch or reach the ground.
أ
Baseball To hit a ground ball:
 
grounded to the second baseman.
򵽶λõĹ
Nautical To run aground.
 ǳ
?
ground out 
To be put out by hitting a ground ball that is fielded and thrown to first base.
֣Ĺ򱻽ػһݶ
?
drive into the ground 
run into the ground
To belabor (an issue or a subject).
ԣ⣩˵
from the ground up
From the most basic level to the highest level; completely:
ȫأˮƽߵˮƽ׵أ
designed the house from the ground up; learned the family business from the ground up.
ӣͷѧϰ
off the ground
Under way, as if in flight:
;Уǳ̣·ڷУ
Because of legal difficulties, the construction project never got off the ground.
ڷϵѣĿδʼ
on (one's) own ground
In a situation where one has knowledge or competence:
УԼ֪ʶΧ֮ڵ£
a sculptor back on her own ground after experiments with painting.
ڽ˻滭ֻ֮̽صԼĵܼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English grund 
Դ Ӣ grund 
?
ground
ground 2
AHD:[ground] 
D.J.[gra&nd]
K.K.[gra&nd]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of grind 
 grindĹȥʽ͹ȥִ 

= =
group
group
AHD:[gr?p] 
D.J.[gru8p]
K.K.[grup]
n.Abbr. gr.ʣд gr.
An assemblage of persons or objects gathered or located together; an aggregation:
ȺأۼһһȺ˻壻ϣ
a group of dinner guests; a group of buildings near the road.
һȺĿˣ·ߵ¥Ⱥ
Two or more figures that make up a unit or design, as in sculpture.
Ⱥ񣺹һԪƵڵ
A number of individuals or things considered together because of similarities:
飬壺ͬΪһһЩ˻壺
a small group of supporters across the country.
һСȺ֧
Linguistics A category of related languages that is less inclusive than a family.
ѧ ȺԵһ࣬ΧС
A military unit consisting of two or more battalions and a headquarters.
½ģȺϵźһ˾ľµλ
A unit of two or more squadrons in the U.S. Air Force, smaller than a wing.
վӣվеıƣϵжɣСڷ
A class or collection of related objects or entities, as:
һصʵ壬磺
Two or more atoms behaving or regarded as behaving as a single chemical unit.
ԭţԭΪһĻѧλ˶
A column in the periodic table of the elements.
壺Ԫڱϵһ
A stratigraphic unit, especially a unit consisting of two or more formations deposited during a single geologic era.
زѧλزѧеһλָͬһʱڳϵزĵλ
Mathematics A set with an associative binary operation under which the set is closed, which contains an identity element and an inverse for every element in the set.
ѧ ȺԪΪպϵѧϣеλԪءÿһԪضԪ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, constituting, or being a member of a group:
ȺģģڻһȺģΪȺһԱģ
a group discussion; a group effort.
ۣŬ
v.ʣ
grouped,group.ing,groups 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or arrange in a group:
飺ûһУ
grouped the children according to height.
߸Ƿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To belong to or form a group:
ۼڻγһ飺
The soldiers began to group on the hillside.
ʿǿʼɽۼ
?
French groupe 
 groupe 
from Italian gruppo 
Դ  gruppo 
[probably of Germanic origin] 
[ԴԵ] 
?
Group as a collective noun can be followed by a singular or plural verb. It takes a singular verb when the persons or things that make up the group are considered collectively: 
Group Ϊһʺʾɡ ɸȺ˻屻һʱʵ 
The dance group is ready for rehearsal.
Ⱥ׼
Grouptakes a plural verb when the persons or things that constitute it are considered individually:  
ɸȺ˻屻ôGroupʸ  
The group were divided in their sympathies. See Usage Note at collective noun 
ǵ¶˷. μ collective noun

= =
grow
grow
AHD:[gr?] 
D.J.[gr*&]
K.K.[gro]
v.ʣ
grew[gr?] grown[gr?n] grow.ing,grows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To increase in size by a natural process.
ɳȻ
To expand; gain:

The business grew under new management.
µĹҵ񲻶
To increase in amount or degree; intensify:
ǿ̶ϵӣӾ磺
The suspense grew.
Ǽ
To develop and reach maturity.
죺չﵽ
To be capable of growth; thrive:
ܹ׳
Some plants grow in deep shade.
Щֲܹ
To become attached by or as if by the process of growth:
һڻƺ̶һ
tree trunks that had grown together.
һ
To come into existence from a source; spring up:
֣ĳһԴ֣
love that grew from friendship.
İ
To come to be by a gradual process or by degrees; become:
Ϊ𲽷չɽĹ̶̻ȼΪɣ
grow angry; grow closer.
ԽԽ𽥽ӽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to grow; raise:
ʹ
grow tulips.

To allow (something) to develop or increase by a natural process:
ʹȻʹȻ̶չӣ
grow a beard.

?
grow into
To develop so as to become:
ɣչΪ
A boy grows into a man.
к
To develop or change so as to fit:
Ӧչ仯Ӧ
She grew into her job. He grew into the relationship slowly.
Ӧ˹Ӧֹϵ
grow on  
grow upon
To become gradually more evident to:
𽥱ãԵã
A feeling of distrust grew on me.
𽥲һֲθ
To become gradually more pleasurable or acceptable to:
ϲ𽥱ʹ˽ܣ
a taste that grows on a person.
ʹϲĿζ
grow up
To become an adult.
󣺱ɳ
?
grow out of
To develop or come into existence from:
ԡɡչγɣ
an article that grew out of a few scribbled notes; trust that grew out of long acquaintance.
ʲݵļ¼γɵ£ɳʶ
?
Middle English growen 
йӢ growen 
from Old English gr?n * see  ghr?- 
Դ Ӣ gr?n *μ ghr?- 
?
grower
n.ʣ
growingly
adv.ʣ

= =
growth
growth
AHD:[gr?th] 
D.J.[gr*&G]
K.K.[groG]
n.ʣ
The process of growing.
ɳĹ
Full development; maturity.
ַ
Development from a lower or simpler to a higher or more complex form; evolution.
չɵͼ򵥵̬ϸ߼ӵ̬չ
An increase, as in size, number, value, or strength; extension or expansion:
ֵչ
population growth.
˿
Something that grows or has grown:
ɳĶľֲ
a new growth of grass.
³Ĳ
Pathology An abnormal mass of tissue, such as a tumor, growing in or on a living organism.
ѧ ڻлϻĲ֯
A result of growth; a product:
ĽƷ
concerns that are a growth of the new responsibilities.
µζ

= =
guarantee
guar.an.tee
AHD:[g2rn-t?] 
D.J.[7g#r*n6ti8]
K.K.[7g#r*n6ti]
n.ʣ
Something that assures a particular outcome or condition:
֤ĳһĶ
Lack of interest is a guarantee of failure.
ȱȤ϶ᵼʧ
A promise or an assurance, especially one given in writing, that attests to the quality or durability of a product or service.
һ־ݻ֤ͨΪģԱ֤ĳֲƷ
A pledge that something will be performed in a specified manner.
֤ĳ½ĳضʽɵı֤
A guaranty by which one person assumes responsibility for paying another's debts or fulfilling another's responsibilities.
ѺƷһԼĳ˻ծеĳεĵѺƷ
A guaranty for the execution, completion, or existence of something.
֤֤ĳµʵʩɻڵƷ
A guarantor.
֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
guar.an.teed,guar.an.tee.ing,guar.an.tees 
To assume responsibility for the debt, default, or miscarriage of.
еծΥԼƻʧܵ
To assume responsibility for the quality or performance of:
Ʒʱ֤еƷܵΣ
guarantee a product.
֤Ʒ
To undertake to do, accomplish, or ensure (something) for another:
ŵ֤֤Ϊĳȥĳ»ĳ
guaranteed to free the captives; guarantees freedom of speech.
֤ͷŷˣ֤
To make certain:
ȷʵ
The rain guarantees a good crop this year.
ⳡ걣֤˽кճ
To furnish security for.
Ϊṩ
To express or declare with conviction:
ܱԿ϶̬ȱʾƣ
I guarantee that you'll like this book.
ҹܱϲⱾ
?
Alteration of Middle English garant [warranty] 
 йӢ garantı仯 [] 
from Old French * see  guaranty 
Դ ŷ *μ guaranty

= =
guard
guard
AHD:[g?rd] 
D.J.[g$8d]
K.K.[g$rd]
v.ʣ
guard.ed,guard.ing,guards 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To protect from harm by or as if by watching over:
ػͨػƺͨض˺
guard a bank; guarding the President.See Synonyms at defend 
һУͳμ defend
To watch over so as to prevent escape or violence:
أֹѻ
guarded the prisoner.
ط
Sports To keep (an opposing player) from scoring or playing efficiently.
˶ أʹԷ˶Աܵ÷ֻЧб
To maintain control over, as to prevent indiscretion:
ʹãԡֿԷ
Guard what you say.
˵ʱҪ
To supervise entry or exit through; keep watch at:
ӣලĳĳ룻ӣ
guarded the door.
ſ
To furnish (a device or object) with a protective piece.
ӷװãеƷװװ
Archaic To escort.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take precautions:
裺ȡԤʩ
guard against infection.
ԤȾ
To serve as a guard.
Ϊ
n.ʣ
One who protects, keeps watch, or acts as a sentinel.
ڱһˣػص
One who supervises prisoners.
أܷ˵
A group of people serving as an escort or performing drill exhibitions on ceremonial occasions:
ӣΪıʽһȺˣ
an honor guard.
һ̶
Chiefly British A railway employee in charge of a train.
Ӣ гԱ𳵵·ְԱ
Football One of the two offensive linemen on either side of the center.
 Ա֮һ
Basketball Either of the two players normally positioned in the backcourt who are responsible for bringing the ball to and initiating offensive plays from the frontcourt.
 ͨλں󳡵Ա֮һʹǰ֯
Sports A defensive position or stance, as in boxing or fencing.
˶ ȭķصλû
The act or duty of guarding.
أصΪְ
Protection; watch:
ӣ
a prisoner under close guard.
ܼӵķ
Something that gives protection; a safeguard:
бĶ
a guard against tooth decay.
ֹĶ
A device or an attachment that prevents injury, damage, or loss, especially:
װãֹ˺𺦻ʧװû򸽼װãǣ
An attachment or a covering put on a machine to protect the operator or a part of the machine.
ǣϵĸװû֣Ա߻ĳһ
A device on a foil, sword, or knife that protects the hand.
֣ͷϵıֵװ
A padded covering worn to protect a body part from injury:
岿˺ĳĵ棺
a shin guard.

A small chain or band attached to a watch or bracelet to prevent loss.
ϵڱԷ䶪ʧСӻ
A ring worn to prevent a more valuable ring from sliding off the finger.
䣺ΪֹصĽָѶĽ价
Electronics A signal that prevents accidental activation of a device or ambiguous interpretation of data.
ѧ źţΪֹװ⼤ݺ͵ź
?
off (one's) guard
Not alert; unprepared.
ģδ׼
on (one's) guard
Alert and watchful; cautious.
ģҽ䱸ģ
stand guard
To keep watch.
ӣ
To act as a sentinel.
ڱĹ
?
Middle English garden 
йӢ garden 
from Old French garder, guarder 
Դ ŷ garder, guarder 
[of Germanic origin] * see  wer- 3
[Դն] *μ wer- 3
?
guarder
n.ʣ

= =
guardian
guard.i.an
AHD:[g?rd?-n] 
D.J.[6g$8di8*n]
K.K.[6g$rdi*n]
n.ʣ
One that guards, watches over, or protects.
ˣӻ򱣻
Law One who is legally responsible for the care and management of the person or property of an incompetent or a minor.
ɡ ໤ˣϺ͹ɥʧԼ˻δ˱˻Ʋ
A superior in a Franciscan monastery.
޵ԺԺ
?
Middle English gardein 
йӢ gardein 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old French gardien 
Դ ŷ gardien 
from alteration of gardenc 
Դ gardencı仯 
from garder [to guard] * see  guard 
Դ garder [] *μ guard
?
guardianship
n.ʣ

= =
guess
guess
AHD:[gs] 
D.J.[ges]
K.K.[gWs]
v.ʣ
guessed,guess.ing,guess.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To predict (a result or an event) without sufficient information.
Ʋ⣺û㹻Ĳ϶Ԥԣĳһ¼
To assume, presume, or assert (a fact) without sufficient information.
²⣬ܲ⣺û㹻Ĳ϶ƶϡԣĳһʵ
To form a correct estimate or conjecture of:
Уóڡȷƻ룺
guessed the answer.
³˴
To suppose; think:
ٶΪ
I guess he was wrong.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an estimate or conjecture:
£²⣺жϻ룺
We could only guess at her motives.
ֻܲ²Ķ
To estimate or conjecture correctly.See Synonyms at conjecture 
¶ԣȷжϻμ conjecture
n.ʣ
An act or instance of guessing.
²⣺²ӻΪ
A conjecture arrived at by guessing.
ƶϣͨ²ó
?
Middle English gessen 
йӢ gessen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] * see  ghend- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ ghend- 
?
guesser
n.ʣ

= =
guest
guest
AHD:[gst] 
D.J.[gest]
K.K.[gWst]
n.ʣ
One who is a recipient of hospitality at the home or table of another.
ˣڱ˵ļлͻܵѺýӴ
One to whom entertainment or hospitality has been extended by another in the role of host or hostess, as at a party.
ͣȳܵ˻Ŀ
One who pays for meals or accommodations at a restaurant, hotel, or other establishment; a patron.
ÿͣ˿ͣ򷹵ꡢùݻƳ֧ȡʳ޵ˣ
A distinguished visitor to whom the hospitality of an institution, a city, or a government is extended.
ÿͣرĳһл
A visiting performer, speaker, or contestant, as on a radio or television program.
ʹԱڵ̨ӽĿбʱԱ˵߻
Zoology A commensal organism, especially an insect that lives in the nest or burrow of another species.
ѧ 壬ͳ棺һͬ壬ָһ泲Ѩе
v.ʣ
guest.ed,guest.ing,guests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To entertain as a guest.
дԿһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To appear as a guest:
ͣΪ˳֣
guested on a television series.
ʹһϵо
adj.ݴʣ
Provided for guests:
͵ģΪ׼ģ
guest rooms.
ͷ
Participating as a guest:
ģΪ˶ģ
a guest conductor.
ָ
?
Middle English gest 
йӢ gest 
from Old Norse gestr * see  ghos-ti- 
Դ ˹ά gestr *μ ghos-ti- 
?
Guest
Guest
AHD:[gst] Edgar Albert (1881-1959) 
D.J.[gest]
K.K.[gWst]
NONE޴ԣ
British-born American journalist known for his widely syndicated, homey rhymes, collected in books such asA Heap o' Livin'  (1916). 
˹أ¼ӡأ(1881-1959) ӢżߣϼʽġȻĶЩı롶Ļۡ 1916꣩ 

= =
guidance
guid.ance
AHD:[godns] 
D.J.[6ga!dns]
K.K.[6ga!d2s]
n.ʣ
The act or process of guiding.
ָָΪ
Counseling, such as that provided for students seeking advice about vocational and educational matters.
ָΪѧҵͿѧṩĽ
Any of various processes for guiding the path of a vehicle, especially a missile, by means of built-in equipment.
ϵͳһ䱾װع·Ḷָ́

= =
guide
guide
AHD:[god] 
D.J.[ga!d]
K.K.[ga!d]
n.ʣ
One who shows the way by leading, directing, or advising.
·ˣڷ·ָһ˵
One who serves as a model for others, as in a course of conduct.
ʦΪȷ濰˿ģ
A person employed to conduct others, as through a museum, and give information about points of interest encountered.
Σ򵼣ݵȵزεнܵ
Something, such as a pamphlet, that offers basic information or instruction:
ָϣṩϢ˵ĶСӣ
a shopper's guide.
ָ
A guidebook.
ָϣֲ
Something that serves to direct or indicate.
·꣺ָʾĶ
A device, such as a ruler, tab, or bar, that serves as an indicator or acts to regulate a motion or operation.
װãָ˶еװãӡƬդ
A soldier stationed at the right or left of a column of marchers to control alignment, show direction, or mark the point of pivot.
׼λһʿҵʿʹгһֱߡַ־׼
v.ʣ
guid.ed,guid.ing,guides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To serve as a guide for; conduct.
죬Ϊ򵼣
To direct the course of; steer:
ָָָ
guide a ship through a channel.
ִͨϿ
To exert control or influence over.
ݣ֧䣺ԡпƻʩӰ
To supervise the training or education of.
ල
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To serve as a guide.
ලѵΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Proven?al guida 
Դ ˹ guida 
from guidar [to guide] 
Դ guidar [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  weid- 
[Դն] *μ weid- 
?
guidable
adj.ݴʣ
guider
n.ʣ
?
guide,lead,pilot,shepherd,steer,usher
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to conduct on or direct to the way: 
Щеĺǡָ· 
guided me to my seat;
ҵҵλȥ
led the troops into battle;
Ͷս
a teacher piloting his pupils through the museum;
ʦѧι۲ݣ
shepherding tourists to the chartered bus;
ο͵ⶩ
steered the applicant to the proper department;
ְߵӦĲţ
ushering a visitor out. 
߳ȥ 

= =
guideline
guide.line
AHD:[godlon] 
D.J.[6ga!d7la!n]
K.K.[6ga!d7la!n]
n.ʣ
A statement or other indication of policy or procedure by which to determine a course of action:
ָ·ߣ룺߻·ߵĳָʾԾжĲ裺
guidelines for the completion of tax returns.
ָ˰ķ

= =
guilty
guilt.y
AHD:[g1lt?] 
D.J.[6g!lti8]
K.K.[6g!lti]
adj.ݴʣ
guilt.i.er,guilt.i.est 
Responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; deserving of blame; culpable:
ģĳһΪλָصģӦܵǴģģ
guilty of cheating; the guilty party.
թƭһ
Law Adjudged to have committed a crime.
ɡ дģд
Suffering from or prompted by a sense of guilt:
ھεģԾģܷĥģɷģ
a guilty conscience.

Hinting at or entailing guilt:
漰еģ
a guilty smirk; a guilty secret.See Synonyms at blameworthy 
ļЦܲμ blameworthy
?
guiltily
adv.ʣ
guiltiness
n.ʣ

= =
gulf
gulf
AHD:[g?lf] 
D.J.[gJlf]
K.K.[gJlf]
n.ʣ
Abbr. g.,G.A large area of a sea or ocean partially enclosed by land, especially a long landlocked portion of sea opening through a strait.
д g.,G.壺󲿷ֱ½ذΧĴĺָкϿ֮ͨı½ػƵĺһ
A deep, wide chasm; an abyss.
֣ԨѿڣԨ
A wide gap, as in understanding:
ң蹵޴ļⷽ棺
the gulf between the Victorian sensibility and our own(Babette Deutsch)
άʱĸԷо޴ࡱ(űء)
Something, such as a whirlpool, that draws down or engulfs.
У»ûĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gulfed,gulf.ing,gulfs 
To engulf.
û
?
Middle English goulf 
йӢ goulf 
from Old French golfe 
Դ ŷ golfe 
from Old Italian golfo 
Դ  golfo 
from Late Latin colpus, colfus 
Դ  colpus, colfus 
from Greek kolpos [bosom, gulf] 
Դ ϣ kolpos [ţĵˮ] 

= =
gum
gum 1
AHD:[g?m] 
D.J.[gJm]
K.K.[gJm]
n.ʣ
Any of various viscous substances that are exuded by certain plants and trees and dry into water-soluble, noncrystalline, brittle solids.
ĳЩֲľڳһճʣΪˮķǾ塢Ĺ
A similar plant exudate, such as a resin.
֬һƵֲҺ֬
Any of various adhesives made from such exudates or other sticky substance.
ɴҺճƳɵĽճһ
A substance resembling the viscous substance exuded by certain plants, as in stickiness.
ճʣճĳЩľճƵʣճ
Any of various trees of the generaEucalyptus, Liquidambar,  or Nyssa  that are sources of gum. 
һ   ľ 
The wood of such a tree; gumwood.
ģľģ
Chewing gum.

v.ʣ
gummed,gum.ming,gums 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, smear, seal, fill, or fix in place with or as if with gum.
ճϣûƺǡͿĨϡ̶ס
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exude or form gum.
ὺڻγ
To become sticky or clogged.
ճ÷ճճε
?
gum up
To ruin or bungle:
ңë
gum up the works.
ѹ
?
Middle English gomme 
йӢ gomme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin gumma 
Դ  gumma 
variant of Latin gummi, cummi 
  gummiı, cummi 
from Greek kommi 
Դ ϣ kommi 
perhaps from Egyptian t 
Դ  t 
?
gum
gum 2
AHD:[g?m] 
D.J.[gJm]
K.K.[gJm]
n.ʣ
The firm connective tissue covered by mucous membrane that envelops the alveolar arches of the jaw and surrounds the bases of the teeth.Also called  gingiva 
ճĤļ͵֯ϵĹۼҲ  gingiva
v.tr.ﶯʣ
gummed,gum.ming,gums 
To chew (food) with toothless gums.
ûݵ׽ʳ
?
Middle English gome 
йӢ gome 
from Old English g?a [palate, jaw] 
Դ Ӣ g?a [] 

= =
gun
gun
AHD:[g?n] 
D.J.[gJn]
K.K.[gJn]
n.ʣ
A weapon consisting of a metal tube from which a projectile is fired at high velocity into a relatively flat trajectory.
ǹһһǹܣӵԺܸߵٶȴһԵƽĵ
A cannon with a long barrel and a relatively low angle of fire.
ڣһڹܼԽϵ͵ǵĴ
A portable firearm, such as a rifle or revolver.
ЯʽһֿЯĻ粽ǹǹ
A device resembling a firearm or cannon, as in its ability to project something, such as grease, under pressure or at great speed.
ǹ״һƻڵװãԸѹĳʣ
A discharge of a firearm or cannon as a signal or salute.
ţŻΪźŻʾ
One, such as a hunter, who carries or uses a gun.
֣ǹǹˣ
A person skilled in the use of a gun.
ǹ
A professional killer:
ְҵɱ֣
a hired gun.
õְҵɱ
The throttle of an engine, as of an automobile.
ţţȷϵĽ
v.ʣ
gunned,gun.ning,guns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shoot (a person):
ĳˣ
a bank robber who was gunned down by the police.
쿪ǹ򵹵еĴͽ
To open the throttle of (an engine) so as to accelerate:
Ӵţ򿪣ĽԱ٣
gunned the engine and sped off.
Ӵǰȥ
Maine To hunt (game).
ݡ ԣԲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hunt with a gun.
ǹ
?
gun for
To pursue relentlessly so as to overcome or destroy.
׷Ѳȫ׷Ա
To go after in earnest; set out to obtain:
ıе׷ȥã
gunning for a promotion.
ȡ
?
go great guns
To proceed or perform with great speed, skill, or success.
ȫٽУɹԺܿٶȡ߳ļɻ޴ĳɹ»
under the gun
Under great pressure or under threat.
ھ޴ѹв֮
?
Middle English gonne [cannon] 
йӢ gonne [] 
short for Gunilda [woman's name applied to a siege engine] 
 Gunildaļд [һΧеŮ] 
from Old Norse Gunnhildr [woman's name] 
Դ ˹ά Gunnhildr [Ů˵] 
gunnr [war] * see  g when- 
gunnr [ս] *μ g when- 
hildr [war] 
hildr [ս] 

= =
gunpowder
gun.pow.der
AHD:[g?npoudr] 
D.J.[6gJn7pa&d*]
K.K.[6gJn7pa&d+]
n.ʣ
Any of various explosive powders used to propel projectiles from guns, especially a black mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur.
ҩһֱըԷĩѷǹ֦ʯ̿ǵĺɫ

= =
guy
guy 1
AHD:[go] 
D.J.[ga!]
K.K.[ga!]
n.ʣ
A rope, cord, or cable used to steady, guide, or secure something.
֧һ̶ĳ»
v.tr.ﶯʣ
guyed,guy.ing,guys 
To steady, guide, or secure with a rope, cord, or cable.
߻¹̶
?
Partly from Middle English gie [guide, guy]  from Old French guie  from guier [to guide] * see  weid- 
Դ йӢ gie [̶]  Դ ŷ guie  Դ guier [] *μ weid- 
and partly from Low German ; akin to  Dutch gei [brail] 
ҲԴ ͵ص    gei [] 
?
guy
guy 2
AHD:[go] 
D.J.[ga!]
K.K.[ga!]
n.ʣ
Informal A man; a fellow.
ʽ ˣһ
guys Informal Persons of either sex.
 guys ʽ ˣԱ
Chiefly British A person of odd or grotesque appearance or dress.
Ӣ һòŹŹֵ
Often Guy An effigy of Guy Fawkes paraded through the streets of English towns and burned on Guy Fawkes Day.
  Guy ˹ڸ˹գǾŸ˹ľӢĸνֲջ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
guyed,guy.ing,guys 
To hold up to ridicule; mock.
ϷŪЦ
?
After Guy   Fawkes  
Դ Guy   Fawkes 

= =
gymnasium
gym.na.si.um
AHD:[j1m-n3z?-m] 
D.J.[d9!m6ne!zi8*m]
K.K.[d9!m6nezi*m]
n.ʣ
 gym.na.si.ums  gym.na.si.a [-z?-]  
Sports A room or building equipped for indoor sports.
˶ һ˶ķ
[g1m-n?z??m] An academic high school in some central European countries, especially Germany, that prepares students for the university.
[g1m-n?z??m] ߼ѧŷңرڵ¹ѧѧѧѧ
?
Latin [school] 
 [ѧУ] 
from Greek gumnasion 
Դ ϣ gumnasion 
from gumnazein [to exercise naked] 
Դ gumnazein [] 
from gumnos [naked] * see  nog w- 
Դ gumnos [] *μ nog w- 

= =
habit
hab.it
AHD:[h2b1t] 
D.J.[6h#b!t]
K.K.[6h#b!t]
n.ʣ
A recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition.
ϰߣһڲϵظγɵķ֣ʶΪʽ
An established disposition of the mind or character.
ʣһֹеԸϵ
Customary manner or practice:
ϰԣϰԵľֹ
a person of ascetic habits.
е
An addiction, especially to a narcotic drug.
񫣺񫣬رǶԶƷ
Physical constitution.

Characteristic appearance, form, or manner of growth, especially of a plant or crystal.
ϰԣԣ͵òʽʽֲָ;
A distinctive dress or costume, especially of a religious order.
ڽ̷װص·װָڽ̽
A riding habit.
Ůװʱ·
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hab.it.ed,hab.it.ing,hab.its 
To clothe; dress.
·
?
Middle English [clothing] 
йӢ [·] 
from Old French [clothing, behavior, custom] 
Դ ŷ [·Ϊϰ] 
from Latin habitus [from past participle of] hab?re [to have] * see  ghabh- 
Դ  habitus  [] Դhab?reĹȥִ [] *μ ghabh- 
?
habit,practice,custom,usage,use,wont,habitude
These nouns denote patterns of behavior established by continual repetition.
ЩʶʾڲϵظγɵΪʽ
 Habit  applies to a way of actingso ingrained in an individualthat it is done without conscious thought: 
 Habit  ָһ˸ٹ̵һΪʽ˵ظٹ̣ǲʶȥ 
trying to break the smoking habit;
ͼ񫣻
has a habit of closing his eyes when he tells a story.
ڽµʱϰڰϡ
Habit rules the unreflecting herd (William Wordsworth).
ϰʹû˼Ⱥ ̻˹
 Practice  denotes a customary, often chosen pattern of individual or group behavior: 
 Practice  ָһָȺĳģѡȡΪʽ 
It is our practice to eat an early dinner.
ϰںͳ
You will find it a very good practice always to verify your references, sir (Martin Joseph Routh).
ᷢ־˶Ĳοһϰߡ Լɪ˹
 Custom  is either individual or group behavior as established by long practice and especially by accepted conventions: 
 Custom  ָڳʱʵǹϴͳȷĸ˻ȺһΪʽ 
No written law has ever been more binding than unwritten custom supported by popular opinion (Carrie Chapman Catt).
ûһķֵ֧δĵϰ߸Լ أ
 Usage   refers to customary practice that has become an accepted standard for a groupand thus regulates individual behavior: 
 Usage  һѳΪڽܵȺΪ׼򣬶ԼΪϰ 
laws . . . . corrected, altered, and amended by acts of parliament and common usage (William Blackstone).
ɡͨľͨܵϰ׶޸ĺ޲ ˹ͨ
 Use  andwont are terms for the customary and distinctive practice of an individual or a group:  
 Use  wont ˻ȺϰԵĶΪ  
situations where the use and wont of their fathers no longer meet their necessities (J.A. Froude).
Ǹϰ޷ǵ JA͵£
 Habitude  refers to an individual's habitual disposition to behave in a certain way rather than to a specific act: 
 Habitude  ָĳַʽµϰָĳһΪ 
His real habitude gave life and grace/To appertainings and to ornament (Shakespeare).
ϰ͹/Щװ ɯʿǣ

= =
habitual
ha.bit.u.al
AHD:[h-b1ch?-l] 
D.J.[h*6b!t.u8*l]
K.K.[h*6b!t.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of the nature of a habit:
ϰԵģ
habitual lying.
ϰ
Being such by force of habit:
ϰߵģϰߵΪ
a habitual liar.See Synonyms at chronic 
ϰ߲μ chronic
Established by long use; usual:
߳ģɳʹöȷģͨģ
my habitual place.See Synonyms at usual 
ҹ߳λӲμ usual
?
habitually
adv.ʣ
habitualness
n.ʣ

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hair
hair
AHD:[har] 
D.J.[he*]
K.K.[hWr]
n.ʣ
Any of the cylindrical, keratinized, often pigmented filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal.
ë鶯еģڱƤ״нʶͨɫصϸ˿
A growth of such filaments, as that forming the coat of an animal or covering the scalp of a human being.
ëëγɶƤëס˵ͷƤ
A filamentous projection or bristle similar to a hair, such as a seta of an arthropod or an epidermal process of a plant.
ëëƵϸ˿״ͻë֫ĸëֲϸ
Fabric made from the hair of certain animals:
ë֯ĳֶëɵ֯
a coat of alpaca hair.
ë
A minute distance or narrow margin:
һ֮СľСĿհף
won by a hair.
ʤ
A precise or exact degree:
ȷ׼ȷȷ׼ȷĳ̶ȣ
calibrated to a hair.
侫ȷУ׼
?
Middle English her 
йӢ her 
from Old English h?r 
Դ Ӣ h?r 

= =
haircut
hair.cut
AHD:[hark?t] 
D.J.[6he*7kJt]
K.K.[6hWr7kJt]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of cutting the hair.

A style in which hair is cut.
ͣγɵķʽ
?
haircutter
n.ʣ
haircutting
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ

= =
half
half
AHD:[h2f, h?f] 
D.J.[h#f, h$8f]
K.K.[h#f, h$f]
n.ʣ
 halves[h2vz, h?vz]  
Abbr. hf.
д hf.
One of two equal parts that together constitute a whole.
һ룺һһȵеһ
One part approximately equal to the remaining part.
벿֣µĲִ൱Ĳ
Informal A 50-cent piece.
ʽ һ50ֵӲ
Sports 
˶ 
One of the two playing periods into which certain games are divided.
볡ĳЩֳ׶Σ֮һΪ볡
A halfback.

Chiefly British  A school term; a semester.
Ӣ ѧ꣺ѧУһѧ
Half an hour:
Сʱ
a half past one.
1
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. hf.
д hf.
Being one of two equal parts.
һģ֮һ
Being approximately a half.
Լһ
Partial or incomplete:
ֵģȫģ
gave me a half smile.
ЦЦ
adv.ʣ
To the extent of exactly or nearly 50 percent:
Լһأûﵽٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣ
The tank is half empty.
ǰյ
Not completely or sufficiently; partly:
׵ػ򲻳ֵأֵأ
only half right.
ȫȷ
?
by half
By a considerable extent.
Կɹ۳̶ȵ
By an excessive amount:
ȵأ
too clever by half.
ڴ
by halves
In a reluctant manner; unenthusiastically.
أȡһǿ̬ȣ
in half
Into halves.
Ϊȵ
not half
Not at all:
һҲ
Fancy housing? Not half likely, ma'am(Russell Baker)
ϼԺ?ܣŮʿ(Ϳ)
not the half of
Only a fraction or a small part of.
ֻһƬϻһС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English healf * see  skel- 1
Դ Ӣ healf *μ skel- 1
?
The phrasesa half, half of,  and half a  or half an  are all correct, though they may differ slightly in meaning.For example,a half day  is used when day  has the special sense a working 
day, and the phrase then means 4 hours. Half of a day and half a day  are not restricted in this way and can mean either 4 or 12 hours.
a halfhalf of  half a  half an ȷģ ǿвͬ統day ʱ a half day ˼ǡĸСʱ Half of a day  
half a day ˼ڴˣ ǿԱʾСʱʮСʱ

= =
hall
hall
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[h%8l]
K.K.[h%l]
n.ʣ
A corridor or passageway in a building.
ȣһеĹ
A large entrance room or vestibule in a building; a lobby.
ǰһдǰ
A building for public gatherings or entertainments.
ģڹڼֵĽ
The large room in which such events are held.
ڴĴķ
A building used for the meetings, entertainments, or living quarters of a fraternity, sorority, church, or other social or religious organization.
ڼᡢֻΪѧֵܻᡢûᡢáڽ֯ṩסĽ
A building belonging to a school, college, or university that provides classroom, dormitory, or dining facilities.
ãңᣬѧУѧԺѧṩҡʳĽ
A large room in such a building.
󷿼䣺Ľеһ
The group of students using such a building:
ѧһȺʹһѧ
The entire hall stayed up late studying.
ѧѧϰ
Chiefly British A meal served in such a building.
Ӣ ʳеһͣĽеһٷ
The main house on a landed estate.
ڣסլе
The castle or house of a medieval monarch or noble.
լۡĳǱ
The principal room in such a castle or house, used for dining, entertaining, and sleeping.
ĳǱ¥еᡢ֡˯ߵҪ
?
Middle English halle [large residence] 
йӢ halle [סլ] 
from Old English heall * see  kel- 1
Դ Ӣ heall *μ kel- 1
?
Thehalls of academe  and city hall  remind us that what we commonly mean by the wordhall,  a passageway, an entrance room, represents a shrunken version of whathall  once 
commonly designated. Going back to the Indo-European rootkel- 1,  to cover, the Old English wordheall,  ancestor of our hall,  referred to a large place covered by a roof, whether 
a royal residence, an official building, or a large private residence, or a large room in a residencewhere the public life of the household is carried on.These senses and related ones 
are still in use,as is attested bytown hall  and halls of academe.  Our common use of the termhall  for a vestibule or a corridor harks back to medieval times when the hall was the main 
public room of a residenceand people lived much less privately than now.As private rooms in houses took on the importance they have today,the hall lost its function.Hall also had 
come to mean any large room, and the vestibule was at one time one of the main sitting rooms in a house,but this sort of room has largely disappeared also,andhall  has become the 
designation for the small vestibule of today as well as for an entrance passage or any passageway.
halls of academe Լ city hall ע⣺ ͨhall ʶΪȣ ӳhall ʵ趨ʱֺͨۼ ׷ݵôʵӡŷʸkel- 1 
˼ǡȥǡ hall ʵԴǹӢ heall ʣ ָǡһݶǵĴطڻסլһ˽˸ڻһסլе
ӣн罻Щ֮ص˼ֱ컹У˵town hall  halls of academe  һõģhall ȵ÷׷
ݵͣ ʱǾסߵҪңûнô˽ڽո˷ռҪλʧȥĹáHall ζŴ󷿼䣬 
ڹȥһʱǷҪһңķӴ󲿷Ҳʧˣhall ˼ѾָЩСȣ ǽڴȣĸ
?
Hall
Hall
AHD:[h?l] Asaph (1829-1907) 
D.J.[h%8l]
K.K.[h%l]
NONE޴ԣ
American astronomer who discovered and named the two satellites of Mars, Deimos and Phobos (1877).
壺(1829-1907) ѧң1877귢ֲ˻ǵǣͻһ
?
Hall
HallCharles Francis (1821-1871)
NONE޴ԣ
American explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1860-1862, 1864-1869, and 1871).
˹˹(1821-1871) ̽ռңԶ(1860-18621864-18691871꣩
?
Hall
HallCharles Martin (1863-1914)
NONE޴ԣ
American chemist who developed an electrolytic method of economically producing aluminum from bauxite (1886) and was a founder of the Aluminum Company of America (1888).
˹(1863-1914) ѧңһִľõĵⷽ(1886꣩1888Ϊҵ˾Ĵʼ֮һ
?
Hall
HallGranville Stanley (1844-1924)
NONE޴ԣ
American psychologist who established an experimental psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University (1882), founded child psychology, and profoundly influenced educational 
psychology.
ά˹̹(1844-1924) ѧң1882Լ˹ս˹ѧһʵԵʵңͯѧԽѧӰ켫
?
Hall
Hall(Marguerite) Radclyffe (1886-1943)
NONE޴ԣ
British writer whose novelThe Well of Loneliness  (1928) was originally banned as obscene in London and the United States. 
أ¿(1886-1943) ӢңƷ¶֮Դ 1928꣩ΪƷ׶غ 

= =
halt
halt 1
AHD:[h?lt] 
D.J.[h%8lt]
K.K.[h%lt]
n.ʣ
A suspension of movement or progress, especially a temporary one.
ֹͣ˶ǰָֹͣͣ
v.ʣ
halt.ed,halt.ing,halts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to stop; arrest.
ʹֹֹͣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stop; pause.See Synonyms at stop 
ֹͣͣٲμ stop
?
German 
 
from Middle High German [from imperative of] halten [to stop, hold back] 
Դ йŸߵص  [] Դhaltenʹ [ʹֹֹͣ] 
from Old High German haltan 
Դ Ÿߵص haltan 
?
halt
halt 2
AHD:[h?lt] 
D.J.[h%8lt]
K.K.[h%lt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
halt.ed,halt.ing,halts 
To proceed or act with uncertainty or indecision; waver.
ǣȶȷҡ
To be defective or proceed poorly, as in the development of an argument in logic or in the rhythmic structure of verse.
ȱݣȱݻ۵ʱ߼ϻʫĵɽṹ
To limp or hobble.
һȳһյߣ
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Lame; crippled.
˵ģȳ
?
Middle English halten [to limp] 
йӢ halten [һȳһյ] 
from Old English healtian 
Դ Ӣ healtian 

= =
hamburger
ham.burg.er
AHD:[h2mb?rgr]  Ҳ ham.burg [-b?rg] 
D.J.[6h#m7bT8g*] Ҳ ham.burg [-7bT8g]
K.K.[6h#m7bPg+] Ҳ ham.burg [-7bPg]
n.ʣ
Ground meat, usually beef.
ţ⣺⣬ͨΪţ
A patty of such meat.
ţڱڵڱ
A sandwich made with a patty of ground meat usually in a roll or bun.
һΣͨСмţƳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨαʣ
hamburger patties; hamburger restaurants.
͹
?
Short for Hamburger steak 
 Hamburger steakļд 
after  Hamburg 
Դ  Hamburg
?
After having eaten countless hamburgers,one may perhaps be interested in knowing more about the origins of the name.By the middle of the 19th century people in Hamburg, 
Germany,the busiest port in West Germany today,enjoyed pounded beefsteak in some form.Perhaps brought to America by the large numbers of Germans who migrated around that 
time,this sort of dish with the nameHamburg steak  may have appeared on a menu as early as 1836. The first recorded use ofHamburg steak  is found in 1884 in the Boston Journal,  
withhamburger steak  being first recorded in a Walla Walla, Washington, newspaper in 1889. A 1902 cookbook contains a recipe for Hamburg steak that is closer to our conception,a 
recipe using ground beef mixed with onion and pepper.The hamburger was on its way,as was the Americanismhamburger.  
ڳĺ֮ǿܻȤ֪һЩ֪ʶֱ19Ҷסڵ¹յ¹Ϊæĸۿڵǣϲţŵ
һ״ҲǱʱĴ¹ޣHamburg steak Ĳڲ˵1836ꡣ Hamburg steak һμǦ1884 ʿձ  
hamburger steak һμǦ1889껪ʢݵеһұֽϡ 1902ϹںţŵĵƷǽĸѾܽӽˣţ
۰һ𡣺ѱ㷺ʹãʽhamburger  

= =
hammer
ham.mer
AHD:[h2mr] 
D.J.[6h#m*]
K.K.[6h#m+]
n.ʣ
A hand tool used to exert an impulsive force by striking, consisting of a handle with a perpendicularly attached head made of a relatively heavy, rigid material.
ӣһͨûĹߣһֺһֱ֮ɽϳصĽƳɵͷ
A tool or device similar in function or action to this striking tool, as:
򹤾ߣһֻ򹤾߹ܻƵһֹ߻ߣ磺
The part of a gunlock that hits the primer or firing pin or explodes the percussion cap and causes the gun to fire.
ǹ׻ײԻñʹǹڵԷĲ
Music One of the padded wooden pieces of a piano that strikes the strings.
֡ ûټĻľ
A part of an apparatus that strikes a gong or bell, as in a clock.
സСӵĻееһ֣ӱе
Anatomy See  malleus 
ѧ μ  malleus
Sports A metal ball weighing 16 pounds (7.2 kilograms) and having a long wire or wooden handle by which it is thrown for distance in track-and-field competition.
˶ 16(7.2ǧˣĽһľɣֳ˻ﾶнͶԶߵ
A small mallet used by auctioneers.
õС
v.ʣ
ham.mered,ham.mer.ing,ham.mers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hit, especially repeatedly, with or as if with a hammer; pound.See Synonyms at beat 
ôָôôôôͻμ beat
To beat into a shape with or as if with a hammer:
ƽãôӻôӴһ״
hammered out the dents in the fender; hammered out a contract acceptable to both sides.
ѵϵİƽƶ˫ܽܵĺԼ
To put together, fasten, or seal, particularly with nails, by hammering.
ϣôӹ̶̡ܷ⣬ָͨ
To force upon by constant repetition:
ͨһֱظǿ
hammered the information into the students' heads.
Ϣѧǿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deal repeated blows with or as if with a hammer; pummel:
ûûôô򣻻ȭͷ᣺
Wind hammered at us violently in gusts(Thor Heyerdahl)
ҵĿһشǵϡ()
To undergo beating in the manner of a hammer:
Ƶû
My pulse hammered.
ҵһػ
Informal To keep at something continuously:
ʽ ֲиشĳ
hammered away at the problem.
ֲиش
?
go under the hammer 
come under the hammer
To be put up for auction.
֮
?
Middle English hamer 
йӢ hamer 
from Old English hamor * see  ak- 
Դ Ӣ hamor *μ ak- 
?
hammerer
n.ʣ

= =
hamper
hamper 1
AHD:[h2mpr] 
D.J.[6h#mp*]
K.K.[6h#mp+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ham.pered,ham.per.ing,ham.pers 
To prevent the free movement, action, or progress of.
谭˶жչ
n.Nautical ʣ 
Necessary but encumbering equipment on a ship.
ϱĵ׸豸
?
Middle English hamperen 
йӢ hamperen 
?
hamper,fetter,handcuff,hobble,hog-tie,manacle,shackle,trammel
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to restrict the activity or free movement of: 
Щеһ˼ǡơĻж 
a swimmer hampered by clothing;
·Ӿߣ
prisoners fettered by chains;
ͽ
handcuffed by rigid regulations;
ϸĹƶţ
hobbled by responsibilities;
˩סֽţ
an aspiring leadership that refused to be hog-tied;
б쵼ܾסֽţ
imagination manacled by fear;
뱻־ѹƣ
shackled by custom;
ϰ
trammeled by debts. See also Synonyms at  hinder 1
ծ μͬ hinder1
?
hamper
hamper 2
AHD:[h2mpr] 
D.J.[6h#mp*]
K.K.[6h#mp+]
n.ʣ
A large basket, usually with a cover.
ġͨиǵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of Anglo-Norman hanaper 
 Ӣ hanaperı仯 
from Old French hanepier [a case for holding goblets] 
Դ ŷ hanepier [žƱĹ] 
from hanap [goblet] 
Դ hanap [Ʊ߽žƱ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
hand
hand
AHD:[h2nd] 
D.J.[h#nd]
K.K.[h#nd]
n.ʣ
The terminal part of the human arm located below the forearm, used for grasping and holding and consisting of the wrist, palm, four fingers, and an opposable thumb.
֣첲ĩˣǰµĲ֣ץûճ֣ƣĸָͷһ֮ԵĴָ
A homologous or similar part in other animals, as the terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates.
εĶ֮ӦĻƵ٣ĳЩ֫ǰ֫ն
A unit of length equal to 4 inches (10.2 centimeters), used especially to specify the height of a horse.
ȵλһ൱4Ӣ(10.2ףĲλڲⶨĸ߶
Something suggesting the shape or function of the human hand, especially:
еӵĻתʽָ룺ĳЩʾֵĹܻ״Ķָ
Any of the rotating pointers used as indexes on the face of a mechanical clock.
ָ룺κһתָ룬ڻеıָʾ̶
A pointer, as on a gauge or dial.
εָʾǣһָ룬ڼϵ
Printing See  index 
ӡˢ μ  index 
Lateral direction indicated according to the way in which one is facing:
򣺵һԲ·ʱָʾĲķ
at my right hand.
ҵ
A style or individual sample of writing.
ʼ˵鷨ʼ
A round of applause to signify approval.
ֺȲʣʾһ
Physical assistance; help:
æϵİ֧֣
gave me a hand with the bags.
ô
Games 
Ϸ 
The cards held in a card game by a given player at any time.
ƾõ
The number of cards dealt each player; the deal.
ÿ
A player or participant in a card game:
ңƾеһһμߣ
We need a fourth hand for bridge.
Ҫĸ˲ܴ
A portion or section of a game during which all the cards dealt out are played:
һ֣һƵʱޣʱзҪ
a hand of poker.
һ
One who performs manual labor:
ˣһͶˣ
a factory hand.

One who is part of a group or crew:
ԱȫԱеһ
the ship's hands.
ϵˮ
A participant in an activity, often one who specializes in a particular activity or pursuit:
йͬĿˣ֣һеһμߣͨĳһó
called for more hands to decorate the Christmas tree; an old hand at labor negotiations.
иװʥһڽͶ̸
The degree of immediacy of a source of information; degree of reliability:
Դɿ̶ȣϢԴѸԣɿ̶ȣ
probably heard the scandalous tale at third hand.
Ҳշת˵ҥ
The strength or force of one's position:
Ȩһ˵λ
negotiated from a strong hand.
ͬһλ̸
Often hands 
  hands 
Possession, ownership, or keeping:
գӵУУ
The books should be in your hands by noon.
ЩӦ֮ǰ
Power; jurisdiction; care:
ȨȨУ
The defendant's fate is in the hands of the jury. Dinner is in the hands of the chef.
˵ŵϡ
Involvement or participation:
룺
In all this was evident the hand of the counterrevolutionaries(John Reed)
еУԵķֵ¡(Լ)
An influence or effect:
Ӱ죺
The general manager had a hand in all the major decisions.
ܾҪľ߶Ӱ
Evidence of craft or artistic skill:
գܣջ֤ܵ
can see the hand of a genius even in the lighter poems.
СʫҲܿŵĴֱ
An aptitude or ability:
ܣ
I tried my hand at decorating.
װη¹
The aesthetic feel or tactile quality of something, such as a fabric, textile, or carpeting, that indicates its fineness, texture, and durability.
ָУά֯̺ӵʱǵʵء ƷԼ̶ȵĸо
A manner or way of performing something:
̬ȣʽĳһʱַ
a light hand with makeup.
ɵĻױַ
Permission or a promise, especially a pledge to wed.
ӦָԼ
A commitment or an agreement, especially when sealed by a handshake; one's word:
ͬͬ޳ɣָʱģĳ˵Ļ
You have my hand on that.
ͬǼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hand.ed,hand.ing,hands 
To give or pass with or as if with the hands; transmit:
ݣָֻݣݣ
Hand me your keys.
ЩԿ׵ݸ
To aid, direct, or conduct with the hands:
Ԯְָʾ
The usher handed the patron to a reserved seat.
Աѹ˿Ԥλ
Nautical To roll up and secure (a sail); furl.
 վ緫
?
hand down
To bequeath as an inheritance to one's heirs.
Ų󱻼̳˰ѲƲ̳һȥ
To make and pronounce an official decision, especially a court verdict.
һٷ飬ָͥһо
hand on
To turn over to another.
ת
hand out
To distribute freely; disseminate.
ַɢ
To administer or deal out.

hand over
To release or relinquish to another.
öɣóƲ
?
at hand
Close by; near.
ڽڽ
Soon in time; imminent:
üޣ
Retribution is at hand.
ͷҪ
at the hand 
at the hands of
Performed by someone or through the agency of someone.
ĳ˻ͨĳ˵Ļ
by hand
Performed manually.
˹
hand it toʽ
To give credit to:
Σ
You've got to hand it to her; she knows what she's doing.
Ǳ֪Լʲô
in hand
Under control:
ڿ֮У
The project is well in hand.
ƻƵúܺ
Accessible at the present time.
ĿǰԵõʹ
In preparation.
׼
off (one's) hands
No longer under one's jurisdiction, within one's responsibility, or in one's care:
룺ĳ˵ĹϽȨĳ˸չˣ
We finally got that project off our hands.
ʹƻٹǹ
on hand
Available.
õ
on (one's) hands 
upon (one's) hands
In one's possession, often as an imposed responsibility or burden:
ĳ˸𣺹ĳУָһǿӵλ򸺵
Now they have the grandchildren on their hands.
Ҫչ
on the one hand
As one point of view; from one standpoint.
һ˵һ۵
on the other hand
As another point of view; from another standpoint.
һ˵һǶȳ
out of hand
Out of control:
ʧȥƣ
Employee absenteeism has gotten out of hand.
ԱǵĿѾʧȥ
At once; immediately.
̣
Over and done with; finished.
˵ģģɵ
Uncalled for or improper; indiscreet.
ʱ˵ģȷģص
to hand
Nearby.
ֱ
In one's possession.
ĳӵ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
hander
n.ʣ
handless
adj.ݴʣ
?
Hand
Hand
AHD:[h2nd] (Billings) Learned (1872-1961) 
D.J.[h#nd]
K.K.[h#nd]
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist. As a federal judge (1924-1951) his influence was so great that he was sometimes called the tenth man of the U.S. Supreme Court.
£˹£(1872-1961) ѧ19241951ʱӰǳ֮ʱ˳Ϊ߷ԺġʮԱ

= =
handbook
hand.book
AHD:[h2ndb?k] 
D.J.[6h#nd7b&k]
K.K.[6h#nd7b&k]
n.Abbr. hdbk.ʣд hdbk.
A concise manual or reference book providing specific information or instruction about a subject or place.
ֲᣬһһطľָܻĲοֲ
Games 
Ϸ 
A book in which off-track bets are recorded.
עǼǲһĲĶעǼǱ
A place where off-track bets are taken.
Ĳ¶ע

= =
handful
hand.ful
AHD:[h2ndf?l] 
D.J.[6h#nd7f&l]
K.K.[6h#nd7f&l]
n.ʣ
 hand.fuls 
The amount that a hand can hold.
һѣһֻס
A small, undefined number or quantity:
ٵģȷ
only a handful of people on the street.
ֻڽ
Informal One that is too difficult to control or handle easily:
ʽ ԿƵ˻Ѿ£
The hyperactive toddler is a real handful.
ѧ·ȴԾСԿ

= =
handicap
hand.i.cap
AHD:[h2nd?-k2p] 
D.J.[6h#ndi87k#p]
K.K.[6h#ndi7k#p]
n.ʣ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
A race or contest in which advantages or compensations are given different contestants to equalize the chances of winning.
ϰٶȷıԿΪ˸ͬĻʤᣬ ǹ涨ͬı
Such an advantage or penalty.See Synonyms at advantage 
ıμ advantage
A physical or mental disability.See Synonyms at disadvantage 
ĵȱݣϵܲμ disadvantage
A hindrance.
ϰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hand.i.capped,hand.i.cap.ping,hand.i.caps 
Sports Games To assign handicaps or a handicap to (a contestant).
˶ Ϸ ϰһѡ֣һòò
To cause to be at a disadvantage; impede.
ֹʹڲλֹ
?
From obsolete hand in cap [a game in which forfeits were held in a cap] 
Դ  hand in cap [ñеһֱ] 

= =
handkerchief
hand.ker.chief
AHD:[h2ngkr-ch1f, -ch?f] 
D.J.[6h#0k*t.!f, -7t.i8f]
K.K.[6h#0k*t.!f, -7t.if]
n.ʣ
 hand.ker.chiefs Ҳ hand.ker.chieves [-ch1vz, -ch?vz]  д hdkf.
A small square of cloth used especially for wiping the nose or mouth.
һӻķεС
A large piece of cloth worn as a decorative article; a scarf.
һΪװƷһ鲼Χ

= =
handle
han.dle
AHD:[h2ndl] 
D.J.[6h#ndl]
K.K.[6h#nd1]
v.ʣ
han.dled,han.dling,han.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To touch, lift, or hold with the hands.
˫ִס
To operate with the hands; manipulate.
ֲ
To deal with or have responsibility for; conduct:
𣻹
handles matters of corporate law.
˾
To cope with or dispose of:
Ը
handles problems efficiently.
Чش
To direct, execute, or dispose of:
ָʾʵУ
handle an investment.
һͶ
To manage, administer to, or represent:
֧䣬
handle a boxer.
ȭ
To deal or trade in the purchase or sale of:
Ӫ
a branch office that handles grain exports.
Ӫڵһҷֹ˾
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act or function in a given way while in operation:
ٿأʱָķʽж
a car that handles well in the snow; a boat that handles poorly in rough water.
ѩڼʻĳӣڼԲٿصĴ
n.ʣ
A part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand.
֣סݵĲλ
An opportunity or a means for achieving a purpose.
ɳ֮ʵĿĵĻʽ
Slang A person's name.
ٵ ƣͷΣһ˵
Games The total amount of money bet on an event or over a set period of time.
Ϸ עһλһι̶ʱڵĵǮ
?
get a handle on 
have a handle on ʽ
To achieve an understanding of:
⣬ף
I was finally able to get a handle on the true nature of the problem.
ܹʵ
?
Middle English handelen 
йӢ handelen 
from Old English handlian 
Դ Ӣ handlian 
?
handleless
adj.ݴʣ
?
handle,manipulate,wield,ply
These verbs mean to use or operate with or as if with the hands.
Щʵ˼ûֲ
 Handle  applies widely and suggests competence: 
 Handle  Ӧù㷺Ұʾ 
He handles an ax like a born woodsman.
ʹӾһɭоסˡ
She handled the employee's problem with sensitivity and direction.
ƾֱ͹⡣
Manipulate  connotes skillful or artful management,as of a tool or an instrument: 
Manipulate  ʾԺʹԣһ߻ 
The radio operator manipulated the dials and changed the frequency. Whenmanipulate  refers to people or personal affairs, it often implies deviousness or the use of improper influence 
or fraud in gaining an end: 
Աọ̇̄תƵʡ manipulate ָ˻˽ʱ ʾòȷӰթΪԻý 
I put forth his suggestion as my own without realizing I had been manipulated.
ҰΪԼ˳˿ûʶұˡ
Wield  implies freedom, skill, and ease in handling physical or figurative tools and implements: 
Wield  ʾڲһЩʵʵĻԵĹ߻ʱĻ硢ɺ⣺ 
wield a hatchet;
Ӷһս
wields a persuasive pen. It also connotes effectiveness in the exercise of intangibles such as authority or influence: 
þ˵ıʸӡ ζȨӰȲ׽ĶЧ 
wielded enormous power.
ʹȨ
Ply  suggests industry and persistence, as in the use of tools ( 
Ply  ʾʹùʱڷܺͼֲи( 
plying a knife and fork with gusto); the term also applies to the regular and diligent engagement in a task or pursuit ( 
Լ𾢵ػŵͲ) ʻζžԵءڷܵشĳ( 
plies the baker's trade). See also Synonyms at  touch ,treat 
ڷܾӪҵ) μͬ touch,treat

= =
handsome
hand.some
AHD:[h2nsm] 
D.J.[6h#ns*m]
K.K.[6h#ns*m]
adj.ݴʣ
hand.som.er,hand.som.est 
Pleasing and dignified in form or appearance.See Synonyms at beautiful 
ÿģĻòģׯĲμ beautiful
Generous or copious:
൱ģɹ۵ģ
a handsome reward.See Synonyms at liberal 
һʿɹ۵ıμ liberal
Marked by or requiring skill or dexterity:
Ҫɻģ
did some handsome maneuvers on the skating rink.
ڻһЩĶ
Appropriate or fitting:
ʵģǡģ
a handsome location for the new school.
ѧУʵַ
Large:
ģ
a handsome price; won by a handsome margin.
һʾ޶𣻴Ȼʤ
?
Middle English handsom [handy] 
йӢ handsom [ڲݵ] 
hand [hand]  from Old English 
hand []  Դ Ӣ 
-som [n. suff.] * see  -some 1
-som [ʺ׺] *μ -some1
?
handsomely
adv.ʣ
handsomeness
n.ʣ

= =
handwriting
hand.writ.ing
AHD:[h2ndrot1ng] 
D.J.[6h#nd7ra!t!0]
K.K.[6h#nd7ra!t!0]
n.ʣ
Writing done with the hand.
д
The writing characteristic of a particular person.
ʼض˵дֵص

= =
handy
hand.y
AHD:[h2nd?] 
D.J.[6h#ndi8]
K.K.[6h#ndi]
adj.ݴʣ
hand.i.er,hand.i.est 
Skillful in using one's hands; manually adroit.See Synonyms at dexterous 
ֹɵģɵĲμ dexterous
Readily accessible:
Ѿ׼õģ
found a handy spot for the can opener.
ΪͷҵһֳɵĿ
Useful; convenient:
õģģ
a handy gadget.
õС
Easy to use or handle:
ʹûģ
a handy reference book.
һײο
?
From hand 
Դ hand
?
handiness
n.ʣ
?
Handy
Han.dy
AHD:[h2nd?] William Christopher  Known as W.C. Handy.(1873-1958) 
D.J.[6h#ndi8]
K.K.[6h#ndi]
NONE޴ԣ
American musician and composer. He was the first person to recognize the importance of blues as a legitimate musical form and the first to publish a blues composition, The 
Memphis Blues (1911).
ϣ˹зѶ(1873-1958) ּҡҡһʶ³˹ΪһʽҪԵģҲ״γһ³˹˹³˹
(1911꣩

= =
hang
hang
AHD:[h2ng] 
D.J.[h#0]
K.K.[h#0]
v.ʣ
hung[h?ng] hang.ing,hangs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten from above with no support from below; suspend.
̶棬û֧ţʹ
To suspend or fasten so as to allow free movement at or about the point of suspension:
ϵ̶ʹڡԼ˶
hang a door.
һ
past tense and past participle hanged[h2ngd]  
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ hanged[h2ngd]  
To execute by suspending by the neck:
ڲ˴
They hanged the prisoner at dawn.
ʱǽ˷
Used to express exasperation or disgust:
ʾ֮飺
I'll be hanged! Hang it all!
Ҫ군ˣ
To fix or attach at an appropriate angle:
ʵĽǶװϣʹ̶ǡĽǶȣ
hang a scythe to its handle.
װ
To alter the hem of (a garment) so as to fall evenly at a specified height.
޸·Ե޸ģŮȹ°ʹһضĳ
To furnish, decorate, or appoint by suspending objects around or about:
ңܵ岼áװλװ
hang a room with curtains.
ڷװϴ
To hold or incline downward; let droop:
б£ʹ
hang one's head in sorrow.
ʹصͷ
To attach to a wall:
ǽϣ
hang wallpaper.
ֽ
To display, as in a gallery or an office:
չʾڻȻ칫ڰչ
hung four new paintings in the foyer.
չķµĻ滭Ʒ
Informal To give (a nickname or label) to someone.
ʽ ĳ˻ĳºŻǩ
To deadlock (a jury) by failing to render a unanimous verdict.
崣ʹţ޷һµľ뽩
Baseball To throw (a pitch) in such a manner as to fail to break.
 ʧЧķʽͶһʹʧЧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be attached from above with no support from below.
̶棬û֧
To die as a result of hanging.

To remain suspended or poised over a place or an object; hover:
ͣͣһһ֮ϣ
rain clouds hanging low over the corn fields.
Ƶ͵͵׵صϿ
To attach oneself as a dependent or an impediment; cling.
ԼΪһˣ
To incline downward; droop.
ÿ£˥
To depend:

Everything hangs on the committee's decision.
κ鶼ȡίԱľ
To pay strict attention:
ȫע
a student who hangs on the professor's every word.
ȫעڽڵÿ仰ѧ
To remain unresolved or uncertain:
δ޷ȷ
His future hung in the balance.
δƮ翲
To fit the body in loose lines:
ɵƣɴϣ
a dress that hangs well.
һɵ·
To be on display, as in a gallery.
չʾڻ
Baseball To fail to break or move in the intended way, as a curve ball.
 Ͷı䷽޷ƾֻԤ뷽ʽ˶
To be imminent; loom:
üޣ֣
the threat hanging over us.
ΣѾü
To be or become burdensome:
Ϊ
Time hung heavy on my hands.
ʱΪҵظ
n.ʣ
The way in which something hangs.
ҵ״̬
A downward inclination or slope.
бµбб
Particular meaning or significance.
壺ĺ
Informal The proper method for doing, using, or handling something:
ʽ ϣʹûʱȷķʽ
finally got the hang of it.
ҵ
A suspension of motion; a slackening.
ͣ
?
hang around
To spend time idly; loiter.
ееĥʱ䣻е
To keep company; consort.
飺ĳһ˻
hang back
To be averse; hold back.
ΪԸ
hang in ʽ
To persevere:
ֲи
decided to hang in despite his illness.
вǾ
hang off
To hold back; be averse.
ΪԸ
hang on
To cling tightly to something.
סĳ
To continue persistently; persevere.
ֲֲ֣и
To keep a telephone connection open.
绰ʱҶ
To wait for a short period of time.
Դȴһʱ
hang out ٵ
To spend one's free time in a certain place:
ĥʱ䣺ĳ̶طĥʱ䣺
a group of boys who hung out together around what they called Barry's Corner(Linda Ellerbee)
һȺνġ׽ǡĥʱкǡ(մձ)
To pass time idly; loiter:
£е
spent the evening just hanging out.
ÿֻе
To keep company; date:
飻Լ᣺
hanging out with a former boyfriend.
ǰһλԼ
hang together
To stand united; stick together:
Žһ£Ž᣺
We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately(Benjamin Franklin)
ǱŽһ£Ȼǿ϶ᱻԽ̡()
To constitute a coherent totality:
γһ壺
diverse plot lines that did not hang together.
ͬľûγһ
hang up
To suspend on a hook or hanger.
ڹϻ¼Ϲ
To replace (a telephone receiver) on its base or cradle.
Ͳѣ绰ͲŻص
To end a telephone conversation.
Ҷϵ绰绰̸
To delay or impede; hinder:
ӳ٣Ƴٻã
Budget problems hung up the project for months.
ԤʹøùƳ˼
To become halted or snagged:
ֹͣͻס
The fishing line hung up on a rock.
洬һʯס
Informal To have or cause to have emotional difficulties or inhibitions.
ʽ ƣϰʹϵ
?
give a hang 
care a hang
To be concerned or anxious:
Ļǣ
I don't give a hang what you do.
Ҳںʲô
hang a leftʽ
To make a left turn, as in an automobile.
һϣת
hang a rightʽ
To make a right turn, as in an automobile.
һϣת
hang fire
To delay:
ӣ
They are people who hung fire even through the bloody days of the Hungarian Revolution(Mark Muro)
һЩҲ岻ˡ(ˡ)
To be slow in firing, as a gun.
ǹ֧ĳٻ
hang in thereʽ
To persevere despite difficulties; persist:
֣Ҳֲ֣и
She hung in there despite pressure to resign.
ְѹ
hang it upʽ
To give up; quit.
˳
hang looseٵ
To stay calm or relaxed.
Ż
hang on to
To hold firmly; keep fast:
ţץúΣ
Hang on to your money.
ץǮ
hang toughʽ
To remain firmly resolved:
ּᶨĵģ
We are going to hang tough on this(Donald T. Regan)
ǽ̬ȼ(ɵT.)
let it all hang outٵ
To be completely relaxed.
ȫط
To be completely candid.
Ե̹
?
Middle English hongen 
йӢ hongen 
from Old English hangian [to be suspended] 
Դ Ӣ hangian [] 
and from Old English h?n [to hang] * see  konk- 
Դ Ӣ h?n [] *μ konk- 
?
Hanged, as a past tense and a past participle of hang,  is used in the sense of to put to death by hanging.In the following examplehung  would be unacceptable to a majority of the 
Usage Panel:  
Hanged Ϊ hang ʵĹȥʱ͹ȥִʣ ˼ǡУԾ÷רʹСԱ˵hung ǲʵģ  
Frontier courts hanged many a prisoner after a summary trial. 
к߽編ͥ෸ˡ 
In all other senses of the word,hung  is the preferred form as past tense and past participle. 
ʵı˼hung ȥʱȥִʶǺʵ 

= =
happen
hap.pen
AHD:[h2pn] 
D.J.[6h#p*n]
K.K.[6h#p*n]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hap.pened,hap.pen.ing,hap.pens 
To come to pass.

To come into being.

To take place or occur by chance.
żȻ
To come upon something by chance.
żȻ
To come or go casually; make an appearance.
żȻȥ¶
?
Middle English happenen 
йӢ happenen 
from hap [chance] * see  hap 
Դ hap [] *μ hap
?
happen,befall,betide,chance,occur
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to come about: 
Ще˼ǡ 
What would happen if you said no?
ܾĻôᷢʲôأ
Who can predict the misery that may befall humankind?
˭ܹԤܽٵͷϵأ
Woe betide the poor soldier.
ҽڿʿϡ
It chanced that we succeeded.
ǽȡʤ
The accident occurred recently. 
¹ʾͷ 

= =
happy
hap.py
AHD:[h2p?] 
D.J.[6h#pi8]
K.K.[6h#pi]
adj.ݴʣ
hap.pi.er,hap.pi.est 
Characterized by good luck; fortunate.
˵ģҸ
Enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or joy.
ģֵģܡʾֳֵ֡
Being especially well-adapted; felicitous:
ǡģǳǡģģ
a happy turn of phrase.
Ĵʱ仯
Cheerful; willing:
ϲģڵģ
happy to help.

Characterized by a spontaneous or obsessive inclination to use something. Often used in combination:
ڡģʹĳŷĵԻ򰮺õġڸϴУ
trigger-happy.
ս
Enthusiastic about or involved with to a disproportionate degree. Often used in combination:
ʹáģڡģڻĳ²ﵽһֲƵĳ̶ȵġڸϴУ
money-happy; clothes-happy.
Եģϲ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from hap [luck] * see  hap 
Դ hap [˵] *μ hap
?
happily
adv.ʣ
happiness
n.ʣ
?
happy,fortunate,lucky,providential
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is attended by luck or good fortune: 
Щݴе˼ǡ˻ 
a happy outcome;
ϲĳɹ
a fortunate omen;
ף
a lucky guess;
ҲУ
a providential recovery. See also Synonyms at  fit 1glad 1unhappy 
˵Ŀ μͬ fit1glad1unhappy

= =
harbour
har.bour
AHD:[h?rbr] 
D.J.[6h$8b*]
K.K.[6h$rb+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of harbor 
 harborı

= =
hard
hard
AHD:[h?rd] 
D.J.[h$8d]
K.K.[h$rd]
adj.ݴʣ
hard.er,hard.est д h.,H.
Resistant to pressure; not readily penetrated.
̵ģѹģеֿԵ
Physically toughened; rugged.
ʵģǿ
Mentally toughened; strong-minded.
͵ģжģ־ǿ
Requiring great effort or endurance:
ѵģҪ޴Ŭĵģ
a hard assignment.
ѵ
Performed with or marked by great diligence or energy:
ڷܵģҪ޴Ŭ;ɵģ
a project that required years of hard work.
һҪͶĹ
Difficult to resolve, accomplish, or finish:
ԽģѶԸġѽĻɵģ
That was a hard question.
һ
Difficult to understand or impart:
ģԴڵģ
Physics was the hardest of my courses. Thermodynamics is a hard course to teach.
ѧѧγһţѧǷǳѽ̵һſ
Intense in force or degree:
ҵģ̶ϼҵģ
a hard blow.
ҵһ
Inclement:
Ͽģ
a long, hard winter.
ϿĶ
Stern or strict in nature or comportment:
ϸģģԸΪٶϸĻģ
a hard taskmaster.
ļ๤
Resistant to persuasion or appeal; obdurate.
ǿģģеֿģ
Making few concessions:
òģ
drives a hard bargain.
һ̵Ľ
Difficult to endure:
ܵģ
a hard life.
޷ܵ
Oppressive or unjust in nature or effect:
̱ģ̵ģԸϱŰѹƵĻ򲻹ƽģ
restrictions that were hard on welfare applicants.
ЩƶЩʵ̫̱
Lacking compassion or sympathy; callous.
䵭ģȱͬĵģ
Harsh or severe in effect or intention:
ģͼػģ
said some hard things that I won't forget.
˵ЩҲȴ
Bitter; resentful:
ԹģԹ޵ģ
No hard feelings, I hope.
ϣûԹ޵
Causing damage or premature wear:
𻵵ģĥģ
Snow and ice are hard on a car's finish.
ѩƻĹ
Bad; adverse:
ģ˵ģ
hard luck.

Proceeding or performing with force, vigor, or persistence; assiduous:
ڷܵģлɵģڷܵģ
a hard worker.
ڷܵĹ
Real and unassailable:
ģȷҲɵģ
hard evidence.
֤
Definite; firm:
ȷģǿģ
a hard commitment.
ȷĳŵ
Close; penetrating:
ܵģ͸ģ
We need to take a hard look at the situation.
Ҫܵĵ
Free from illusion or bias; practical:
ģʵʵģ׿ƫģʵʵģ
brought some hard common sense to the discussion.
ʵʵĳʶ
Using or based on data that are readily quantified or verified:
ܵģûȼ֤ݣ
the hard sciences.
ܵĿѧ
Marked by sharp outline or definition; stark.
̰ģϸٻ涨ģ̰
Lacking in delicacy, shading, or nuance.
ܵġȱ仯
Metallic, as opposed to paper. Used of currency.
Ķֽġڻͨ
Backed by bullion rather than by credit. Used of currency.
ԽΪƾģԽдΪƾ֤ġڻͨ
High and stable. Used of prices.
߶ȶġڼ۸
Durable; lasting:
õģ־õģ
hard merchandise.
õƷ
Written or printed rather than stored in electronic media:
дģдӡõӴýģ
sent the information by hard mail.
Ϣдżͳȥ
Erect; tumid. Used of a penis.
ģͦģ͵ġдֳ
Having high alcoholic content; intoxicating:
ƾģʹģ
hard liquor.
Ҿ
Rendered alcoholic by fermentation; fermented:
͵ģͨͲƾģ͵ģ
hard cider.
ƻ
Containing dissolved salts that interfere with the lathering action of soap. Used of water.
޻εģвĭ̵ܽεġˮ
Linguistics Velar, as inc  in cake  or g  in log,  as opposed to palatal or soft. 
ѧ Ӳģ෴Ӳcake⣩ һ c ķ logԭľ һ g ķ 
Physics Of relatively high energy; penetrating:
ѧ ͸ģԸģд͸ģ
hard x-rays.
͸
High in gluten content:
ʺߵģ
hard wheat.
ӲС
Chemistry Resistant to biodegradation:
ѧ ︯ʴеֿģ
a hard detergent.
ʴ
Physically addictive. Used of certain illegal drugs, such as heroin.
Ʒġ纣ضķǷƷ
Resistant to blast, heat, or radiation. Used especially of nuclear weapons.
ȵģģȻġں
adv.ʣ
With strenuous effort; intently:
Ŭأƴأ
worked hard all day; stared hard at the accused criminal.
һ춼ŬعݺݵضǸظﷸ
With great force, vigor, or energy:
أ
pressed hard on the lever.
ҵѹڿƸ
In such a way as to cause great damage or hardship:
ҵأѵģɾ޴ƻѵأ
industrial cities hit hard by unemployment.
ҵ⵽ʧҵľҴ
With great distress, grief, or bitterness:
ʹࡢƻ˵أ
took the divorce hard.
ʹؽ
Firmly; securely:
ι̵أȫأ
held hard to the railing.
ץס
Toward or into a solid condition:
ɻΪ״̬
concrete that sets hard within a day.
һھͿ
Near in space or time; close:
ӽأʱռģӽأ
The factory stands hard by the railroad tracks.
·
Nautical Completely; fully:
 ȫأģ
hard alee.
ȫ·
?
hard and fast
Defined, fixed, and invariable:
ϸ涨ġ̰ĺޱ仯ģ
hard and fast rules.
ϸĹ涨
hard of hearing
Having a partial loss of hearing.
ϰֵʧȥ
One who has a partial loss of hearing.
ֵʧȥ
hard put
Undergoing great difficulty:

Under the circumstances, he was hard put to explain himself.
£ΪԼ
hard upʽ
In need; poor.
ȱڼУƶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English heard * see  kar- 
Դ Ӣ heard *μ kar- 
?
hard,difficult,arduous
These adjectives are compared as they mean requiring great physical or mental effort to do, achieve, or master.
Ƚ϶ЩݴʶΪΪĳ¡õĳϵŬ
 Hard  is the most general term: 
 Hard  ģ 
Why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?
Ϊʲôܶ˵֮ѣ
You write with ease to show your breeding,/But easy writing's curst hard reading (Richard Brinsley Sheridan).
ɵдӶĽ,/ɵдѵضĻ 顤˹лǣ
 Difficult   andhard are interchangeable in many instances:  
 Difficult  hard ǿԻʹõģ  
a difficult (or hard ) subject; 
ѵģ hard  ⣻ 
a book that is difficult (or hard ) to find. Difficult, however, is often preferable where the need for skill or ingenuity is implied:  
ҵһ飨 hard   ȻDifficultһҪԵ£ᱻʹã  
All poetry is difficult to read,/The sense of it is, anyhow (Robert Browning).
ʫѶģΣˡ ޲ء
 Arduous  refers to what involves burdensome labor or sustained physical or spiritual effort: 
 Arduous  ָҪܵͶϻϵŬģ 
knowledge at which[Isaac] Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths  (Macaulay). 
ˡţپĺ۵ĵ·õ ֪ʶ   
Negotiating a reduction in nuclear arms is a long and arduous undertaking. See also Synonyms at  firm 1
й̸һĹ μͬ firm1

= =
harden
hard.en
AHD:[h?rdn] 
D.J.[6h$8dn]
K.K.[6h$rd2]
v.ʣ
hard.ened,hard.en.ing,hard.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make hard or harder.
ʹӲʹӲӲ
To enable to withstand physical or mental hardship.
ʹ飺ʹܾסĻϵ
To make unfeeling, unsympathetic, or callous:
ʹ飺ʹûи顢ͬĻ᣺
To love love and not its meaning hardens the heart in monstrous ways(Archibald MacLeish)
ðıȥʹ෽顱(沩¡ʲ)
To make sharp, as in outline.
ʹ
To protect (nuclear weapons) by surrounding with earth or concrete.
ΧǽΧסԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become hard or harder.
ӲӲ
To rise and become stable. Used of prices.
ȶұȶڼ۸
To become inured.
ϰ
?
harden,acclimate,acclimatize,season,toughen
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure: 
Ще˼ǡʹԼеָֿͨı¶ǰ 
was hardened to life on the frontier;
ǿǰߵ
is becoming acclimated to the tropical heat;
ȴĸ߶Ӧ
was acclimatized by long hours to overwork;
ڳʱĥӦͶ
became seasoned to life in prison;
ԼϰΪ
toughened by experience and criticism. soften 
ڿľǵָľ soften
?
Harden
Har.den
AHD:[h?rdn] Sir Arthur (1865-1940) 
D.J.[6h$8dn]
K.K.[6h$rd2]
NONE޴ԣ
British biochemist. He shared a 1929 Nobel Prize for research on the fermentation of sugars.
ǣɪ(1865-1940) ӢﻯѧңǷϵо1929ŵ

= =
hardly
hard.ly
AHD:[h?rdl?] 
D.J.[6h$8dli8]
K.K.[6h$rdli]
adv.ʣ
Barely; just.
ûУո
To almost no degree; almost not:
κγ̶ϼûУ
I could hardly hear the speaker.
Ҽ˵ߵ
Probably or almost surely not:
ܻ򼸺϶
Easily was a man made an infidel, but hardly might he be converted to another faith(T.E. Lawrence)
һ˿׵رΪڽ̵ˣתһ(T.E.˹)
With severity; harshly.
أ³
With great difficulty; painfully.
ǳѵأʹ
?
Middle English hardli 
йӢ hardli 
from Old English heardloe [harshly, bravely] 
Դ Ӣ heardloe [³أ¸ҵ] 
from heard [hard] * see  hard 
Դ heard [Ӳ] *μ hard
?
The use ofhardly  with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such ashardly, rarely,  and scarcely  should be treated as negatives in 
the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences likeI couldn't hardly see him  with the same brush as I didn't get none.  After all, they argue, the sentenceMary 
hardly laughed  entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't,and therefore does not express a negative proposition.Buthardly  and scarcely  occur with other negative expressions in 
a number of ways. For one thing, they combine with items such asany  and at all,  which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we sayI hardly saw him at all or I never 
saw him at all  but notI occasionally saw him at all;  we sayI hardly had any time  or I didn't have any time  but notI had any time,  and so on. Like other negative adverbs,hardly triggers 
inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we sayHardly had I arrived when she left,  on the pattern of Never have I read such a book  or At no time has he 
condemned the movement.  Such inversion is not used with other adverbs:we would not sayOccasionally has he addressed this question  or To a slight degree have they changed their 
position.  The fact is that adverbs such ashardly  are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonoccurrence.Thus the meaning 
ofhardly  is, roughly, almost not at all; the meaning ofrarely  is practically never; and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative component in their meaning,and it 
should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to combinations ofhardly  with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to combinations of pairs of negatives such as 
not  and none.  See Usage Note at double negative ,rarely ,scarcely 
Hardly һ񶨴һ÷ڱ׼ӢӦ⣬ һЩѧһֱhardlyrarely  scarcely ĸڴͳ˫ط񶨵ľӦΪ񶨴ʣ Ĵʹ
I couldn't hardly see him  I didn't get none һŪˣ ˵ϾMary hardly laughed ˼ȷЦˣ ûЦԲʾ񶨵Ľ顣
hardly  scarcely ķ񶨱ʾһ෽֣ ˵Ǻany  at all صĺͷϵĿһ ˵I hardly saw him at all  I 
never saw him at all , I occasionally saw him at all  ˵I hardly had any time  I didn't have any time  I had any time ȡ 񶨸ʣhardly ھӿͷʱ
ʵĵװ ˵Hardly had I arrived when she left  Never have I read such a book  At no time has he condemned the movement. ͬľ͡ ĸ
ʲĵװǲ˵Occasionally has he addressed this question  To a slight degree have they changed their position  ʵhardly ĸǷ񶨵
 ޶벻йص״̬¼hardly ˼ǡ rarely ˼ǡʵûСȵȡ Щǵ˼з񶨵ĳɷ֣
﷨ѧǶhardly ͷ񶨴ϵķӦͶһԷ񶨴 not  noneϵķӦһǲΪ  μ double negative,rarely,scarcely

= =
hardship
hard.ship
AHD:[h?rdsh1p] 
D.J.[6h$8d7.!p]
K.K.[6h$rd7.!p]
n.ʣ
Extreme privation; suffering.
ࣻ
A cause of privation or suffering.See Synonyms at difficulty 
ѵԭμ difficulty

= =
hardware
hard.ware
AHD:[h?rdwar] 
D.J.[6h$8d7we*]
K.K.[6h$rd7wWr]
n.Abbr. hdwe.ʣд hdwe.
Metal goods and utensils such as locks, tools, and cutlery.
ߣ߼ߵȽƷ
Computer Science A computer and the associated physical equipment directly involved in the performance of data-processing or communications functions.
ѧ ӲֱӲݴϢ豸
Machines and other physical equipment directly involved in performing an industrial, technological, or military function.
ӲֱӲʵĳֹҵġĻõĹܵ豸
Informal Weapons, especially military weapons.
ʽ װرǾ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
hardware manufacturers; hardware add-ons.
̣Ʒڸ

= =
hare
hare
AHD:[har] 
D.J.[he*]
K.K.[hWr]
n.ʣ
Any of various mammals of the family Leporidae, especially of the genusLepus,  similar to rabbits but having longer ears and legs and giving birth to active, furred young. 
Ұãÿ ĸֲ鶯ҰƵиĶȣлҳë 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hared,har.ing,hares 
To move hurriedly, as if hunting a swift quarry:
׷һ˶
went haring off after a lower-priced car.
һ۽γܿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hara * see  kas- 
Դ Ӣ hara *μ kas- 

= =
harm
harm
AHD:[h?rm] 
D.J.[h$8m]
K.K.[h$rm]
n.ʣ
Physical or psychological injury or damage.
˺ϵ𺦻˺
Wrong; evil.
а
v.tr.ﶯʣ
harmed,harm.ing,harms 
To do harm to.See Synonyms at injure 
ԡʩ˺μ injure
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hearm 
Դ Ӣ hearm 

= =
harmful
harm.ful
AHD:[h?rmfl] 
D.J.[6h$8mf*l]
K.K.[6h$rmf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or capable of causing harm; injurious.
кģɻܹ𺦵ģк
?
harmfully
adv.ʣ
harmfulness
n.ʣ

= =
harmony
har.mo.ny
AHD:[h?rm-n?] 
D.J.[6h$8m*ni8]
K.K.[6h$rm*ni]
n.ʣ
 har.mo.nies 
Agreement in feeling or opinion; accord:
һ£ͣ
live in harmony.
ദ
A pleasing combination of elements in a whole:
ЭҪϣ
color harmony; the order and harmony of the universe.See Synonyms at proportion 
ɫЭгμ proportion
Music 
֡ 
The study of the structure, progression, and relation of chords.
ѧҵĽṹ̺͹ϵо
Simultaneous combination of notes in a chord.
ңһϵͬʱ
The structure of a work or passage as considered from the point of view of its chordal characteristics and relationships.
ĽṹӺɫϵǶƷƬεĽṹ
A combination of sounds considered pleasing to the ear.
гΪö
A collation of parallel passages, especially from the Gospels, with a commentary demonstrating their consonance and explaining their discrepancies.
ĸ飺һƽжĶ飬ǴӸժȡĴ˵ǵĺгͽǵĲ
?
Middle English armonie 
йӢ armonie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin harmonia 
Դ  harmonia 
from Greek [articulation, agreement, harmony] 
Դ ϣ [Эг] 
from harmos [joint] * see  ar- 
Դ harmos [] *μ ar- 

= =
harness
har.ness
AHD:[h?rn1s] 
D.J.[6h$8n!s]
K.K.[6h$rn!s]
n.ʣ
The gear or tackle, other than a yoke, with which a draft animal pulls a vehicle or an implement.
ߣһͬڽضϵڳ򹤾ϵ
Something resembling such gear or tackle, as the arrangement of straps used to hold a parachute to the body.
ɡƤЩɡϵ߻ƵĹ
A device that raises and lowers the warp threads on a loom.
ų֯Ͻ˿߻򽵵͵װ
Archaic Armor for a man or horse.
 ף˻ϵļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
har.nessed,har.ness.ing,har.ness.es 
To put a harness on (a draft animal).
صĶ
To fasten by the use of a harness.
ϵ
To bring under control and direct the force of:
ͳΣ֧䣺סָӡ
If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.
ܿľ㽫þ޴ɹ
?
in harness
On duty or at work.
ְڹ
?
Middle English harnes 
йӢ harnes 
from Old French harneis 
Դ ŷ harneis 
[of Germanic origin] * see  nes- 1
[Դն] *μ nes- 1
?
harnesser
n.ʣ

= =
harsh
harsh
AHD:[h?rsh] 
D.J.[h$8.]
K.K.[h$r.]
adj.ݴʣ
harsh.er,harsh.est 
Unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch.See Synonyms at rough 
ֲڵģȥ˲Ĵֲںͱ治ƽĲμ rough
Disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of hearing.
̶ģʹйо
Extremely severe or exacting; stern.
ģϸģ򼤶ģ
?
Middle English harsk 
йӢ harsk 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
harshly
adv.ʣ
harshness
n.ʣ

= =
harvest
har.vest
AHD:[h?rv1st] 
D.J.[6h$8v!st]
K.K.[6h$rv!st]
n.ʣ
The act or process of gathering a crop.
ոոׯڵΪ
The crop that ripens or is gathered in a season.
ջһڳĻոׯ
The amount or measure of the crop gathered in a season.
һڱոׯڵ
The time or season of such gathering.
ջڣոΪʱ򼾽
The result or consequence of an activity.
һΪĺ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ջģͨһʣ
a harvest festival; harvest gleanings.
ջ񼾽ڣջ
v.ʣ
har.vest.ed,har.vest.ing,har.vests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gather (a crop).
ոׯڣ
To gather a crop from.
ӡոׯ
To receive (the benefits or consequences of an action).See Synonyms at reap 
ܣһΪĺôμ reap
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather a crop.
ջ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?rfest * see  kerp- 
Դ Ӣ h?rfest *μ kerp- 
?
harvestable
adj.ݴʣ
harvestability
n.ʣ

= =
haste
haste
AHD:[h3st] 
D.J.[he!st]
K.K.[hest]
n.ʣ
Rapidity of action or motion.
٣жĿ
Overeagerness to act.
ʣµĹڼ
Rash or headlong action; precipitateness.
ʣ³çĻʵж
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
hast.ed,hast.ing,hastes 
To hasten or cause to hasten.
ߴٻʹϿ
?
make haste
To move or act swiftly; hurry.
ƶжæ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դڵ] 
?
haste,celerity,dispatch,expedition,hurry,speed
The central meaning shared by these nouns is rapidity or promptness of movement or activity: 
Ще˼ǡжĿٻѸԡ 
left the room in haste;
Ѹٵ뿪䣻
a legal system not known for celerity;
һ˽ķϵͳ
advanced with all possible dispatch;
ܵؿͦ
cleaned up the room with remarkable expedition;
쳣Ѹٵشɨ䣻
worked systematically but without hurry;
ɵع
driving with excessive speed. deliberation 
ʻ deliberation

= =
hasten
has.ten
AHD:[h3sn] 
D.J.[6he!s*n]
K.K.[6hes*n]
v.ʣ
has.tened,has.ten.ing,has.tens 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or act swiftly.
ƶж
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to hurry.
ʹϽ
To speed up; accelerate:
٣٣
fanned the wet paint to hasten drying.See Synonyms at speed 
ʪԼɵĹ̲μ speed

= =
hasty
hast.y
AHD:[h3st?] 
D.J.[6he!sti8]
K.K.[6hesti]
adj.ݴʣ
hast.i.er,hast.i.est 
Characterized by speed; rapid.See Synonyms at fast 1
мģĲμ fast1
Done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash:
ģɵִ̫ٶ׼ȷǵģģ
a hasty decision.See Synonyms at impetuous 
æľμ impetuous
Easily angered; irritable.
Լģŭ
?
hastily
adv.ʣ
hastiness
n.ʣ

= =
hat
hat
AHD:[h2t] 
D.J.[h#t]
K.K.[h#t]
n.ʣ
A covering for the head, especially one with a shaped crown and brim.
ñӣָض͵Ķصͷϵĸ
A head covering of distinctive color and shape worn as a symbol of office.
ְñӣضְλضɫ״ñ
The office symbolized by the wearing of such a head covering.
ְְλɴñְλ
A role or an office symbolized by or as if by the wearing of different head coverings:
ɫݣɲͬñӵĽɫְȨ
wears two hatsone as parent and one as corporate executive.
˫--ǸĸǷ˴
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hat.ted,hat.ting,hats 
To supply or cover with a hat.
ṩñӻñӸ
?
at the drop of a hat
At the slightest pretext or provocation.
ԺСΪڻС¶ŭ
hat in hand
In a humble manner; humbly.
ϥأǫ
pass the hat
To take up a collection of money.
ļ裺Ǯļ
take (one's) hat off to
To respect, admire, or congratulate.
ĳ˱ʾ͡ף
talk through (one's) hat
To talk nonsense.
˵˵
To bluff.

throw (one's) hat into the ring 
toss (one's) hat into the ring
To enter a political race as a candidate for office.
μӾѡΪְλĺѡ˲μξ
under (one's) hat
As a secret or in confidence:
ܵģΪܻ˽ģ
Keep this information under your hat.
ϢԱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?t, h?tt 
Դ Ӣ h?t, h?tt 

= =
hatch
hatch 1
AHD:[h2ch] 
D.J.[h#t.]
K.K.[h#t.]
n.ʣ
An opening, as in the deck of a ship, in the roof or floor of a building, or in an aircraft.
ڣտڣݶذϵĿڣڴļװɻ
The cover for such an opening.
տڸǣֿڵĸ
A hatchway.
տڣ
Nautical A ship's compartment.
 ֻˮܲ
The hinged rear door of a hatchback.
ʽнĺ
A floodgate.
ˮբ
?
down the hatchٵ
Drink up. Often used as a toast.
ɱף
?
Middle English [small door] 
йӢ [С] 
from Old English h?c, h?cc 
Դ Ӣ h?c, h?cc 
?
hatch
hatch 2
AHD:[h2ch] 
D.J.[h#t.]
K.K.[h#t.]
v.ʣ
hatched,hatch.ing,hatch.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emerge from or break out of an egg.
Сȣǣӵ鵰Ƕ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To produce (young) from an egg.
ӵ壩
To cause (an egg or eggs) to produce young.
ʹʹ
To devise or originate, especially in secret:
ָܵƻ죺
hatch an assassination plot.
ıɱƻ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of hatching.
Ϊ
The young hatched at one time; a brood.
һη壻ȣһ
?
Middle English hacchen 
йӢ hacchen 
from Old English *h?ccan 
Դ Ӣ *h?ccan 
?
hatcher
n.ʣ
?
hatch
hatch 3
AHD:[h2ch] 
D.J.[h#t.]
K.K.[h#t.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hatched,hatch.ing,hatch.es 
To shade by drawing or etching fine parallel or crossed lines on.
ӰͨڡϹջдϸܵƽл򽻲ʹΪӰ
n.ʣ
A fine line used in hatching.
Ӱʱõϸ
?
Middle English hachen [to engrave, carve] 
йӢ hachen [̣] 
from Old French hacher, hachier [to cross-hatch, cut up] * see  hash 1
Դ ŷ hacher, hachier [ý߻Ӱ] *μ hash1

= =
hate
hate
AHD:[h3t] 
D.J.[he!t]
K.K.[het]
v.ʣ
hat.ed,hat.ing,hates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel hostility or animosity toward.
ޣޣԡе
To detest.

To feel dislike or distaste for:
ԡеϲ᣺
hates washing dishes.
ϴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel hatred.

n.ʣ
Intense animosity or dislike; hatred.
ǿҵĳ޻񣻺
An object of detestation or hatred:
޻Ķ
My pet hate is tardiness.

?
Middle English haten 
йӢ haten 
from Old English hatian 
Դ Ӣ hatian 
N., Middle English 
ʣ йӢ 
from Old English hete 
Դ Ӣ hete 
?
hater
n.ʣ

= =
hateful
hate.ful
AHD:[h3tfl] 
D.J.[6he!tf*l]
K.K.[6hetf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Eliciting or deserving hatred.
޵ģ
Feeling or showing hatred; malevolent.
޵ģоʾ޵ģ޵
?
hatefully
adv.ʣ
hatefulness
n.ʣ
?
hateful,detestable,odious,obnoxious,offensive,repellent
These adjectives, which are often interchangeable, describe what elicits or deserves strong dislike, distaste, or revulsion:
ЩͨתݴһעõǿҲ᣺
 Hateful   refers to what evokes hatred or deep animosity: 
 Hateful  ָĵ⣺ 
No vice is universally as hateful as ingratitude (Joseph Priestley).
ûʲôа̰ Լɪ˹
 Detestable  applies to what arouses abhorrence or scorn: 
 Detestable  ָӻʹޣ 
detestable crimes;
У
a detestable occupation. Somethingodious is the object of disgust, aversion, or intense displeasure:  
ɶְҵ Odious 񡢷Ի壺  
a kind of slimy stuff . . . of a most nauseous, odious smell (Daniel Defoe); 
һַĵġŻճԵʡ Ѹ 
consequences odious to those you govern (Edmund Burke).
ͳεЩ˵һֿĽ֡ ɵáˣ
 Obnoxious  is applied to something that is very objectionable: 
 Obnoxious  ָ˷ǳĻ򷴶Եģ 
I know no method to secure the repeal of bad or obnoxious laws so effective as their stringent execution (Ulysses S. Grant).
ûа취ЧسĻķɵָء ˹ӡأ
 Offensive  applies to what offends or excites displeasure: 
 Offensive  ָðĻʹ˲ģ 
offensive behavior;
󳳴ֵΪ
an offensive suggestion. Somethingrepellent arouses repugnance or disgust:  
йԵĽ顣 Repellent 𷴸л  
I find his obsequiousness repellent. 
ҷġ 

= =
hatred
ha.tred
AHD:[h3tr1d] 
D.J.[6he!tr!d]
K.K.[6hetr!d]
n.ʣ
Intense animosity or hostility.
ǿҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
hate [hate] * see  hate 
hate [] *μ hate
Old English r?n [condition] * see  ar- 
Ӣ r?n [] *μ ar- 

= =
haul
haul
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[h%8l]
K.K.[h%l]
v.ʣ
hauled,haul.ing,hauls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull or drag forcibly; tug.See Synonyms at pull 
ҷǣϲμ pull
To transport, as with a truck or cart.
ˣÿ
Informal To compel to go, especially for trial:
ʽ ǿӲǿرѶ
hauled the huge companies into court(Peter Matthiessen)
ǿ˾Ϸͥ(˵áٶɭ)
Nautical To change the course of (a ship), especially in order to sail closer into the wind.
 ӭ棺ָΪ˸õӭ纽жı䴬ķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pull; tug.
ק
To provide transportation; cart.
ˣṩ䣻
To shift direction:
ı䷽
The wind hauled to the east.
ת򶫴
To change one's mind.
ıĳ˵
Nautical To change the course of a ship.
 ı䴬ĺ
n.ʣ
The act of pulling or dragging.
ҷΪ
The act of transporting or carting.
䣺Ϊ
A distance, especially the distance over which something is pulled or transported.
˵ľ룺ָĳﱻһ·
Something that is pulled or transported; a load.
϶Ʒػ
Everything collected or acquired by a single effort; the take:
һεͨһŬռõһж
a big haul of fish.

?
haul off ʽ
To draw back slightly, as in preparation for initiating an action:
ȴΪȡĳһж׼΢΢
hauled off and smacked the hapless aide across the face(Bill Barol)
ֱȻݺҵĸϡ(ȶ޶)
To shift operations to a new place; to move away.
ߣıսƻµĵط뿪
haul up
To come to a halt.
ֹͣ
?
Middle English haulen 
йӢ haulen 
from Old French haler 
Դ ŷ haler 
[of Germanic origin] * see  kel- 2
[Դն] *μ kel- 2
?
hauler
n.ʣ

= =
haunt
haunt
AHD:[h?nt, h?nt] 
D.J.[h%8nt, hKnt]
K.K.[h%nt, h$nt]
v.ʣ
haunt.ed,haunt.ing,haunts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being.
Թʽ֣ԹȻʽסݷû
To visit often; frequent:
ݷãȥ
haunted the movie theaters.
ȥӰԺ
To come to mind continually; obsess:
ʱͷʹ
a riddle that haunted me all morning.
һ
To be continually present in; pervade:
ʱڣ
the melancholy that haunts the composer's music.
λе
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To recur or visit often, especially as a ghost.
ָػػȥ
n.ʣ
A place much frequented.
ȥĵط
[h2nt] Chiefly Southern U.S. A ghost or other supernatural being.
[h2nt] ϲ Ȼ
?
Middle English haunten [to frequent] 
йӢ haunten [ȥ] 
from Old French hanter * see  tkei- 
Դ ŷ hanter *μ tkei- 
?
haunter
n.ʣ

= =
have
have
AHD:[h2v] 
D.J.[h#v]
K.K.[h#v]
v.ʣ
had[h2d] hav.ing,has[h2z]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be in possession of:
ӵУ
already had a car.
Ѿһ
To possess as a characteristic, quality, or function:
ʣСʻܣ
has a beard; had a great deal of energy.
źӣ
To possess or contain as a constituent part:
Ϊĳɲֶл
a car that has an automatic transmission.
Զϵͳ
To occupy a particular relation to:
ϵ
had a great many disciples.
кܶͽ
To possess knowledge of or facility in:
ĳ֪ʶܣ
has very little Spanish.
һ
To hold in the mind; entertain:
У
had doubts about their loyalty.
ǵҳϻ
To use or exhibit in action:
ӣͨжûʾ
have compassion.
ͬ
To come into possession of; acquire:
ռУã
Not one copy of the book was to be had in the entire town.
ûⱾ
To receive; get:
յõ
I had a letter from my cousin.
յõܼ
To accept; take:
ܣɣ
I'll have the green peas instead of the spinach.
Ҫඹǲ
To suffer from:
ܣܣ
have defective vision.

To be subject to the experience of:
飺
had a difficult time last winter.
ȥ궬Ӳù
To cause to, as by persuasion or compulsion:
ʹͨȰ˵ǿȵ¡
had my assistant run the errand.
ҵ
To cause to be:
ʹΪ
had everyone fascinated.
ÿ˶ס
To permit; allow:
ɣ
I won't have that kind of behavior in my house.
Ҽҿɲ
To carry on, perform, or execute:
ִУʵУ
have an argument.

To place at a disadvantage:
ѡڲ״̬
Your opponent in the debate had you on every issue.
Ķʹÿ϶·
Informal To get the better of, especially by trickery or deception:
ʽ ãָͨƻƭã
They realized too late that they'd been had by a swindler.
ǷֱһƭˣˣΪʱ
Informal To influence by dishonest means; bribe:
ʽ ¸ֶͨӰ죻¸
an incorruptible official who could not be had.
һλΪ¸Ա
To procreate (offspring):
ֳ
wanted to have a child.
Ҫһ
To give birth to; bear:

She's going to have a baby.
Ҫ
To partake of:
Ժȣ
have lunch.
з
To be obliged to; must:
ȣ룺
We simply have to get there on time.
ǲò׼ʱϵ
To engage in sexual intercourse with.
Խ롭Թϵ
v.aux.ʣ
Used with a past participle to form the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses indicating completed action:
ȥִùʱȥʱʱԱʾΪ
The troublemaker has gone for good. I regretted that I had lost my temper. They will have finished by the time we arrive.
ǵ·ҶƢеڡǻǵʱɵ
n.ʣ
One enjoying especially material wealth:
ˣָʲƸˣ
Almost overnight, there was a new and widespread hostility on the part of the haves toward the have-nots(Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.)
һҹ֮䣬ǾͶһµĺ͵ĳޡ(С˹P.)
?
have at
To attack.

have on
To wear:

had on red shoes.
ɫЬ
To be scheduled:
߻ڼƻ֮ڣ
We have a dinner party on for tomorrow evening.
Ǵμ
?
have done with
To stop; cease:
ֹͣ
Have done with your foolish quibbling
޴Ĺ
have had itʽ
To have endured all that one can:
޿̣һŬܣ
I've had it with their delays.
ǵ̵ͷ
To be in a state beyond remedy, repair, or salvage:
޷ָһ޷ơ޲ȵ״̬
That coat has had it.
ǼѾò
To have done everything that is possible or that will be permitted.
Ļһ
have it in for (someone)
To intend to harm, especially because of a grudge.
ָڼ޶˺
have it out
To settle decisively, especially by means of an argument or a discussion.
ָͨ۵ֶս
have (something) coming
To deserve what one receives:
õĳӦ֮
You had that reprimand coming for a very long time.
ð
have to do with
To be concerned or associated with.
롭ϵ
?
Middle English haven 
йӢ haven 
from Old English habban * see  kap- 
Դ Ӣ habban *μ kap- 

= =
hawk
hawk 1
AHD:[h?k] 
D.J.[h%8k]
K.K.[h%k]
n.ʣ
Any of various birds of prey of the order Falconiformes and especially of the generaAccipiter  and Buteo,  characteristically having a short, hooked bill and strong claws adapted for 
seizing. 
ӥκжΪ״๺ڲ׽צĿʳԷݣָӥ    
Any of various similar birds of prey.
κƵ
A person who preys on others; a shark.
Ӷ˵ˣƭ
One who demonstrates an actively aggressive or combative attitude, as in an argument.
ӥʾһֻսĻ̬ȵ
A person who favors military force or action in order to carry out foreign policy.
սɣΪִ⽻߶ڲȡж
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hawked,hawk.ing,hawks 
To hunt with trained hawks.
ѵõӥ
To swoop and strike in the manner of a hawk:
ӥһ幥
It was fun to watch the scattered snail kites . . .  lifting and falling in the wind as they hawked across the shining grass and water(Peter Matthiessen)
ۿǼֻţһȤ¡ǸӹչĲݵغˮʱڷ衱(˵áٶɭ)
?
Middle English hauk 
йӢ hauk 
from Old English hafoc * see  kap- 
Դ Ӣ hafoc *μ kap- 
?
hawkish
adj.ݴʣ
hawkishly
adv.ʣ
hawkishness
n.ʣ
?
hawk
hawk 2
AHD:[h?k] 
D.J.[h%8k]
K.K.[h%k]
v.ʣ
hawked,hawk.ing,hawks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To peddle goods aggressively, especially by calling out.
ָͨߺȵķʽضۻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To peddle (goods) aggressively, especially by calling out.
ۣͨ
?
Middle English hauken 
йӢ hauken 
back-formation from hauker * see  hawker 
Դ hauker *μ hawker湹
?
hawk
hawk 3
AHD:[h?k] 
D.J.[h%8k]
K.K.[h%k]
v.ʣ
hawked,hawk.ing,hawks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To clear or attempt to clear the throat by or as if by coughing up phlegm.
ɤ̵̵һɤͼɤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clear the throat of (phlegm).
ɤеģ̵
n.ʣ
An audible effort to clear the throat by expelling phlegm.
һʹ̵ųɤҳŬ
?
[Imitative] 
[] 

= =
hay
hay
AHD:[h3] 
D.J.[he!]
K.K.[he]
n.ʣ
Grass or other plants, such as clover or alfalfa, cut and dried for fodder.
ɲݣ컨ݻϻޣȾиɹɺϵĲݻֲ
Slang A trifling amount of money:
ٵ һСǮ
gets $100 an hour, which isn't hay.
һСʱ׬һԪɲСĿ
v.ʣ
hayed,hay.ing,hays 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To mow and cure grass and herbage for hay.
ݼݲɹɸɲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (grass) into hay.
ѣݣƳɸɲ
To feed with hay.
øɲι
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hog * see  kau- 
Դ Ӣ hog *μ kau- 
?
hayer
n.ʣ
?
Hay
Hay
AHD:[h3] John Milton (1838-1905) 
D.J.[he!]
K.K.[he]
NONE޴ԣ
American public official and writer who served as ambassador to Great Britain (1897-1898) and U.S. secretary of state (1898-1905). His literary works include poetry and a life of 
Abraham Lincoln (1890).
Լ׶٣(1838-1905) פӢʹ(1897-1898꣩(1898-1905꣩ԱңƷʫһǲֿϵĴ(1890꣩

= =
hazard
haz.ard
AHD:[h2zrd] 
D.J.[6h#z*d]
K.K.[6h#z*d]
n.ʣ
A chance; an accident.
᣻ż¼
A chance of being injured or harmed; danger:
⣬Σգ˻ĿԣΣգ
Space travel is full of hazards.
̫гΣ
A possible source of danger:
ܵΣ֮Դ
a fire hazard.
һǱڵĻԴ
Games A dice game similar to craps.
Ϸ ˫Ϸ˫ϷһͶϷ
Sports An obstacle, such as a sand trap, found on a golf course.
˶ ϰɳϵȸ߶ϵϰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
haz.ard.ed,haz.ard.ing,haz.ards 
To expose to danger or harm.See Synonyms at endanger 
¶Σպ˺֮²μ endanger
To venture (something); dare:
ðգ
hazard a guess.
һ
?
Middle English hasard [dice game] 
йӢ hasard [ͶϷ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
possibly from Old Spanish azar 
Դ  azar 
possibly from Arabic az-zahr [gaming die] 
Դ  az-zahr [Ĳõ] 

= =
he
he 1
AHD:[h?] 
D.J.[hi8]
K.K.[hi]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to the man or boy previously mentioned or implied.
ָǰᵽʾӻк
Used to refer to a male animal.
ԶָԶ
Usage Problem Used to refer to a person whose gender is unspecified or unknown:
÷ѡ ָĳˣָһԱδἰˣ
He who desires but acts not, breeds pestilence(William Blake)
ֻжˣ()
n.ʣ
A male person or animal:
ӻԶ
Is the cat a he?
ֻèǹ?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?} * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ h?} *μ ko- 
?
Traditionally, English speakers have used the pronounshe, him,  and his  generically in contexts in which the grammatical form of the antecedent requires a singular pronoun, as 
inEvery member of Congress is answerable to  his constituents; 
ͳϣ˵ӢһѴhehim  his дʵ﷨ʽҪһʵﾳУ ÿһλԱӦ  ѡ 
A novelist should write about what he knows best; 
С˵ӦдԼ Ϊ֪ 
No one seems to take any pride in his work anymore,  and so on. 
ûٻԼ Ĺе ȵȡ 
Beginning early in the 20th century, however,the traditional usage has come under increasing criticismfor reflecting and perpetuating gender discrimination. Defenders of the 
traditional usage have argued that the masculine pronounshe, his,  and him  can be used generically to refer to men and women. This analysis of the generic use ofhe  is linguistically 
doubtful.Ifhe  were truly a gender-neutral form, we would expect that it could be used to refer to the members of any group containing both men and women.But in fact the English 
masculine form is an odd choice when it refers to a female member of such a group.There is something plainly disconcerting about sentences such as 
Ǵ20𣬴ͳ÷ָܵΪӳάԱӡͳ÷绤ΪԴhehis  him ָ˺Ů˵ܳơ йhe ÷
ķ ѧǶ˵ʵġhe һʽ ǲָκΰ˺Ů˵ȺеĳԱʵϣӢʽָ
һȺеŮԳԱһֺصѡԴʹ֮ 
Each of the stars of It Happened One Night [i.e., Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert] won an Academy Award for his performance.  
һҹеÿһλǣˡǲͿ͵ء¶ Եıݻ˹  
In this case, the use ofhis  forces the reader to envision a single male who stands as the representative member of the group, a picture that is at odds with the image that comes to mind 
when we picture the stars ofIt Happened One Night.  Thushe  is not really a gender-neutral pronoun; rather, it refers to a male who is to be taken as the representative member of the 
group referred to by its antecedent.The traditional usage, then, is not simply a grammatical convention;it also suggests a particular pattern of thought. Many writers sidestep the 
problem by avoiding the relevant constructions.In place ofEvery student handed in  his assignment,  they writeAll the students handed in their assignments;  in place ofA taxpayer must 
appear for  his hearing in person,  they writeTaxpayers must appear for their hearings in person,  and so on. Even when using the relevant constructions, however, many writers never 
use masculine pronouns as generics.In a series of sample sentences such asA patient who doesn't accurately report ?,  an average of 46 percent of the Usage Panel chose a 
coordinate form (her/his, his or her,  and so on), 3 percent chose the plural pronoun (although the actual frequency of the plural in writing is far higher than this number would suggest),2 
percent chose the feminine pronoun,another 2 percent chose an indefinite or a definite article,and 7 percent gave no response or felt that no pronoun was needed to complete the 
sentence. As a substitute for coordinate forms such ashis/her  or her and his,  third person plural forms,such astheir,  have a good deal to recommend them: they are admirably 
briefand entirely colloquialand may be the only sensible choice in informal style;for example, in the radio commercial that saysMake someone happygive them a goosedown 
Christmas,  wherehim  would be misleading andher or him  would be fussy. At least one major British publisher has recently adopted this usage for its learners' dictionaries,where 
one may read such sentences asIf someone says they are winging it, they mean that they are improvising their way.  But in formal style,this option is perhaps less risky for a 
publisher of reference books than for an individual writer,who may be misconstrued as being careless or ignorant rather than attunedto the various grammatical and political nuances of 
the use of the masculine pronoun as generic pronoun.What is more, this solution ignores a persistent intuitionthat expressions such aseveryone  and each student  should in fact be 
treated as grammatically singular. Writers who are concerned about avoiding both grammatical and social problems are best advised to use coordinate forms such ashis or her.   
Some writers see no need to use a personal pronoun implying gender unless absolutely necessary;in the sample sentenceA child who develops this sort of rash on ?,  6 percent of the 
Usage Panel completed the sentence withthe.  In addition, some writers have proposed other solutions to the use ofhe  as a generic pronoun, such as the introduction of wholly new 
gender-neutral pronounslikes/he  or hiser,  or the switching between feminine and masculine forms in alternating sentences, paragraphs, or chapters.  In contrast to these 
innovations,many writers use the masculine pronoun as generic in all cases.For the same series of sample sentences, the average percentage of Usage Panel members who 
consistently completed the sentences withhis  was 37. This course is grammatically unexceptionable,but the writer who follows it must be preparedto incur the displeasure of 
readerswho regard this pattern as a mark of insensitivity or gender discrimination.When a majority of writers are taking care to avoid the masculine as generic,the writer who uses it in 
this way may invite the inferencethat there is some pointed reason for referring to the representative instance as male.The entire question is unlikely to be resolved in the near 
future.See Usage Note at any ,anyone ,each ,every ,neither ,one 
Уhis ãʹһλվΪȺĳԱ һǿһҹ һƬеʱвִġ he 
һԴʣ ˵ָһΪдἰǸȺеĳԱԴǣͳ÷ֻ﷨ʾһر˼άʽ
ұؽṹԻر⡣ǲдEvery student handed in his assignment,  дAll the students handed in their assignments  дA taxpayer must appear for his 
hearing in person  дTaxpayers must appear for their hearings in person , ࡣ ʹõؽṹҲӲԴͨƴʡA patient who doesn't 
accurately report______barule/sexual history to the doctor runs the risk for runs of misdiagnosis, һУ ƽٷ֮ʮѡһֲʽher/his ,his or 
her , ȵȣ ٷ֮ѡ дУʹøʵƵԶԶʾģٷ֮ѡԴʣаٷ֮ѡһڴʻ
ڴʣаٷ֮ߵûشеҪľӡΪhis/her  her and his ֲʽʣ ˳Ƶĸʽtheir ȡ֮
 Ǽ࣬ȫﻯڲʽлΨһǺѡһ̨Ĺ˵Make someone happy--give them a goosedown Christmas  
him 壬 her or him Ե׸ ӢһҪѽ÷ѧϰֵ䣬߿ԶIf someone says they are "winging it," they mean that 
they are improvising their way  ʽУѡڲο鼮ĳ˵ΣҪСһЩԸ˵ΣҪܻᱻΪĴ֪
ΪЭԴһʶɵ﷨ηĶϸ΢⣬ֽһֱִֹʶǾΪeveryone  each student ﷨
˵ʵӦǵʽ ͬʱ﷨ұ֪ʹhis or her Ĳʽ һЩΪȫҪʱʹһʾ
˳ƴʡ A child who develops this sort of rash on_____barule/hands should probably be kept at home for a couple of days ľӣ ٷ֮÷רʹСԱ
ͬthe һ he ʹý취 ȫµԴʣs/he  hiser ھӡ½ʹԺԴʡ ЩγɶԱȵ
е¶Դһʡͬһӣ÷רʹСƽаٷ֮ʮߵĳԱhis ɾӡ ֶԲ﷨и
ģѭһұ׼ߵĲΪʽǸоٶۻԱӵġ󲿷ע⽫Դһʱʹַ
ʽҲƲ⣬ִָĳбмԭ⿴ڽԵõμ any,anyone,each,every,neither,one
?
he
he 2
AHD:[h3] 
D.J.[he!]
K.K.[he]
n.ʣ
The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.See table at alphabet 
ϣĸеĵĸμ alphabet
?
Hebrew h?} 
ϣ h?} 
?
He
He
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element helium 
 Ԫheliumķ
?
HE
HE
abbr.
 High explosive. 
High explosive.

= =
head
head
AHD:[hd] 
D.J.[hed]
K.K.[hWd]
n.Abbr. hd.ʣд hd.
The uppermost or forwardmost part of the body of a vertebrate, containing the brain and the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and jaws.
ͷ׵߲ǰԡ۾䡢ӡͺ
The analogous part of an invertebrate organism.
ͷ״޼׵ƵĲ
The length or height of such a part:
ͷĳȻ߶ȣ
The horse lost by a head. She is two heads taller than he is.
ƥһͷ֮ˣͷ
The seat of the faculty of reason; intelligence, intellect, or mind:
˼ģܻǣ
I did the figuring in my head.
һ
Mental ability or aptitude:
ʣ
She has a good head for mathematics.
ѧ
Freedom of choice or action:
ѡжɣ
Give the child his head and see how well he solves the problems.
úԼɣܰö
Slang 
ٵ 
A habitual drug user.
öƷ
An enthusiast.
Ȱ
A portrait or representation of a person's head.
ͷһͷФƷ
Often heads (used with a sing. verb)The side of a coin having the principal design and the date.
  heads 뵥ã棺ӲӡҪͼڵһ
Informal A headache:
ʽ ͷʹ
had a bad head early this morning.
糿ͷ۵ú
An individual; a person:
ˣˣ
charged five dollars a head.
ÿ˸Ԫ
head A single animal:
 head һͷ
20 head of cattle.
ʮͷţ
A person who leads, rules, or is in charge; a leader, chief, or director:
ԣ쵼ˣ쵼ͳλˣ䡢ͷָߣ
the head of the corporation.
˾
A headmaster or headmistress.
УŮУ
The foremost or leading position:
ǰ쵼λ
marched at the head of the parade.
жǰ
A headwaiter.

The difference in depth of a liquid at two given points.
ҺϵĲ
The measure of pressure at the lower point expressed in terms of this difference.
ѹʾڽϵ͵ѹ
The pressure exerted by a liquid or gas:
ҺѹѹҺѹ
a head of steam.
ѹ
The liquid or gas exerting the pressure.
ĭѹҺ
The froth or foam that rises to the top in pouring an effervescent liquid, such as beer.
ĭơƵðҺ帡ݻĭ
The tip of an abscess, a boil, or a pimple, in which pus forms.
ŧͷмŧҺŧܻĶ
A turning point; a crisis:
ת۵㣻Σ
bring matters to a head.See Synonyms at crisis 
ʹ鵽˽Ҫͷμ crisis
A projection, weight, or fixture at the end of an elongated object:
ͻһϸ嶥˵͹̶
the head of a pin; a head of land overlooking the harbor.
ͷñۿڵᵽ
Anatomy The proximal end of a long bone:
ѧ ǵĽˣ
the head of the femur.
ɹǵԲͷ
The working end of a tool or an implement:
ͷ״߻һˣ
the head of a hammer.
ͷ
The part of an explosive device that carries the explosive; a warhead.
ӵͷըװװըҩĲ֣ͷ
An attachment to or part of a machine that holds or contains the operative device.
ƷװвװõĲֻ丽
The magnetic head of a tape recorder.
ͷ¼еĴͷ
A rounded, compact mass, as of leaves or buds:
ܾ۳һŵԲҶ򻨰
a head of cabbage.
һþĲ
Botany A flower head.
ֲѧ ͷ״
The uppermost part; the top:
ϲˣ
Place the appropriate name at the head of each column.
ÿһĶȷ
The end considered the most important:
ΪҪһˣ
sat at the head of the table.
ϯ
Either end of an object, such as a drum, whose two ends are interchangeable.
˵һˣĵͷɻ
Nautical 
 
The forward part of a vessel.
ףǰ
The top part or upper edge of a sail.
ϲԵ
A toilet, especially on a ship.
ϴּ䣺ָϵĲ
A passage or gallery in a coal mine.
ͨúеͨˮƽ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
The top of a book or of a page.
һһҳֽϲ
A headline or heading.
ͷ
A distinct topic or category:
һȷ
under the head of recent Spanish history.
ʷ
Headway; progress.
ǰչ
Linguistics The word in a construction that has the same grammatical function as the construction as a whole and that determines relationships of concord to other parts of the 
construction or sentence in which the construction occurs.
ѧ ĴʣĳṹкֽṹΪһͬ﷨ܣֽṹֻֽṹھ֮гһ¹ϵĴ
Vulgar Slang Oral sex.
 ٵ ڽ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or intended for the head. Often used in combination:
ͷģͷġͷĻָͷġڸϴУ
headshaking; headwrap.
ҡͷģסͷ
Foremost in rank or importance:
ȼߵģҪģȼҪԾǰеģ
the head librarian.
ͼԱ鳤
Placed at the top or the front:
ڶ˻ǰģ
the head name on the list.
ϵĵһ
Slang Of, relating to, or for drugs or drug users.
ٵ ƷӵģڡйػΪ˶Ʒӵ
v.ʣ
head.ed,head.ing,heads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be in charge of; lead:
쵼
The minister headed the committee.
λίԱ
To be in the first or foremost position of:
Ȼһλã
Collins heads the list of job candidates.
˹ְѡϵ
To aim, point, or turn in a certain direction:
׼ָתĳһ
headed the team of horses up the hill.
ɽ
To remove the head or top of.
ȥͷ򶥶
Sports To hit (a soccer ball) in the air with one's head.
˶ ͷڿл
To provide with a head:
ĳ
head each column with a number; headed the flagpole with a golden ball.
ÿǰ֣˰һɫԲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To proceed or go in a certain direction:
ǰŻһ
head for town.
ǰ
To form a head, as lettuce or cabbage.
״ݫĻĲ˵γͷ״
To originate, as a stream or river; rise.
СϪԴԴ
?
head off
To block the progress or completion of; intercept:
أ赲Ľ̻ɣأ
Try to head him off before he gets home.
ص֮ǰס
?
head and shoulders above
Far superior to:
ԶԶǿڡ
head and shoulders above her colleagues in analytical capability.
ڷԶԶǿͬ
head over heels
Rolling, as in a somersault:
󷭽һ
tripped and fell head over heels.
һͷڵ
Completely; hopelessly:
ȫأϣأ
head over heels in love.
밮֮
keep (one's) head
To remain calm; remain in control of oneself.
侲ֶĿ
lose (one's) head
To lose one's poise or self-control.
ʧȥ򶨻
off (one's) head 
out of (one's) head
Insane; crazy.
ҵģ
put heads together
To consult and plan together:
һͼƻ
Let's put our heads together and solve this problem.
һ취
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?d * see  kaput- 
Դ Ӣ h?d *μ kaput- 
?
Head
Head
AHD:[hd] Edith (1898?-1981) 
D.J.[hed]
K.K.[hWd]
NONE޴ԣ
American costume designer for more than 1,000 motion pictures, includingAll About Eve  (1950) and A Place in the Sun  (1951). 
£˹(1898?-1981) װʦΪ硶޵һС 1950꣩ µĵط 1951꣩һǧಿӰƹװ 

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headache
head.ache
AHD:[hd3k] 
D.J.[6hed7e!k]
K.K.[6hWd7ek]
n.ʣ
A pain in the head.
ͷʹ
Informal Something, such as a problem, that causes annoyance or trouble.
ʽ 鷳鷳յĶ
?
headachy
AHD:[-3k?] ݴʣ

= =
heading
head.ing
AHD:[hd1ng] 
D.J.[6hed!0]
K.K.[6hWd!0]
n.ʣ
The title, subtitle, or topic that stands at the top or beginning, as of a paragraph, letter, or chapter.
⣬Ŀڣ䡢ż½ڣʼı⡢
The course or direction in which a ship or an aircraft is moving.
򣺴ƶ·
A gallery or drift in a mine.
еˮƽСƽ
The end of a gallery or drift.
ˮƽСƽһ

= =
headline
head.line
AHD:[hdlon] 
D.J.[6hed7la!n]
K.K.[6hWd7la!n]
n.ʣ
The title or caption of a newspaper article, usually set in large type.
ֱ⣺ͨôǦӡűıĿ
Often headlines An important or sensational piece of news.
  headlines ͷţҪĻ䶯
A line at the head of a page or passage giving information such as the title, author, and page number.
˵֣ҳ¶˵⡢߼ҳݵһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
head.lined,head.lin.ing,head.lines 
To supply (a page or passage) with a headline.
ҳ£ӡֱ
To present or promote as a headliner:
ƳΪǣ
The Palace Theater headlines a magician.
ʹԺƳһλħʦ
To serve as the headliner of:
ǣ
He headlines the bill.


= =
headmaster
headmaster Ҳ head master
AHD:[hdm2str] 
D.J.[6hed7m#st*]
K.K.[6hWd7m#st+]
n.ʣ
A man who is the principal of a school, usually a private school.
Уָͨ˽ѧУУ

= =
headquarters
head.quar.ters
AHD:[hdkw?rtrz] 
D.J.[6hed7kw%8t*z]
K.K.[6hWd7kw%rt*z]
pl.n.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Abbr. hdqrs.,h.q.,HQ,H.Q.ʣ뵥ãд hdqrs.,h.q.,HQ,H.Q.
The offices of a commander, as of a military unit, from which orders are issued.
˾·ֶָӹٵİ칫أɴ˷
A center of operations or administration:
ܲӪģ
The company has its headquarters in the suburbs.See Synonyms at center 
ҹ˾ܲڽμ center
?
The nounheadquarters  is used with either a singular or a plural verb. The plural is more common: 
headquarters Ժ͵á Ϊã 
The headquarters are in Boston. 
ܲڲʿ١ 
But the singular is sometimes preferred when reference is to authority rather than to physical location: 
ʱָ֮ΪȨλʱܻӭ 
Battalion headquarters has approved the retreat. 
ܲͬ⳷ 

= =
heal
heal
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[hi8l]
K.K.[hil]
v.ʣ
healed,heal.ing,heals 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To restore to health or soundness; cure.See Synonyms at cure 
ָ״̬Ʋμ cure
To set right; repair:
ʹָɣ
healed the rift between us.
ֲ֮Ѻ
To restore (a person) to spiritual wholeness.
ʹĳˣָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become whole and sound; return to health.
ͽȫط
?
Middle English healen 
йӢ healen 
from Old English h?n * see  kailo- 
Դ Ӣ h?n *μ kailo- 
?
healable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
health
health
AHD:[hlth] 
D.J.[helG]
K.K.[hWlG]
n.ʣ
The overall condition of an organism at a given time.
ܵȫ״һʱĳȫ״
Soundness, especially of body or mind; freedom from disease or abnormality.
ָǵĽܼ򷴳Ӱ
A condition of optimal well-being:
״̬һĽ״
concerned about the ecological health of the area.
̬״
A wish for someone's good health, often expressed as a toast.
ͨףףԸĳ˽
?
Middle English helthe 
йӢ helthe 
from Old English h?h * see  kailo- 
Դ Ӣ h?h *μ kailo- 

= =
healthy
health.y
AHD:[hlth?] 
D.J.[6helGi8]
K.K.[6hWlGi]
adj.ݴʣ
health.i.er,health.i.est 
Possessing good health.
ģӵý״
Conducive to good health; healthful:
潡ģģģ
healthy air.
潡Ŀ
Indicative of sound, rational thinking or frame of mind:
ȫģʾȫԵ˼̬ģ
a healthy attitude.
̬
Sizable; considerable:
൱ģܴģ
a healthy portion of potatoes; a healthy raise in salary.
൱߹
?
healthily
adv.ʣ
healthiness
n.ʣ
?
healthy,sound,wholesome,hale,robust,well,hardy,vigorous
These adjectives are compared as they mean being in or indicative of good physical or mental health.
ЩݴʾпɱԣΪǶʾڻֳõġ
 Healthy  stresses the absence of disease and often implies energy and strength: 
 Healthy  ǿûмĲͨʾģ 
a rosy, healthy infant.
󽡿Ӥ
If you exercise regularly and eat properly, you'll stay fit and healthy.
㾭ʵʳᱣֽġ
Sound  emphasizes freedom from injury, imperfection, or impairment: 
Sound  ǿ˺ġȱݵĻ𺦵ģ 
You should pray for a sound mind in a sound body (Juvenal).
Ӧڽȫнȫͷԡ άɶ
 Wholesome  suggests appealing healthiness and well-being: 
 Wholesome  ʾĽʣ 
a broad grin on his ugly wholesome face (Archibald Marshall). 
 ªɫܺõ¶õЦݡ 沮¡Ъ 
Exercise develops wholesome appetites (Louisa May Alcott).
ںθڡ ·ɯ÷أ
 Hale   stresses freedom from infirmity, especially in elderly persons,whilerobust  emphasizes healthy strength and ruggedness:  
 Hale  ǿ˲ģrobust ǿʹ׳  
He is pretty well advanced in years, but hale, robust, and florid (Tobias Smollett).
൱˵Ժܽ׳ʵɫ б˹˹Ħأ
 Well  indicates absence of or recovery from sickness: 
 Well  ʾòӲиԭ 
Her mother is not a well woman.
ĸಡ
Hardy  implies robust and sturdy good health: 
Hardy  ָǿ׳ͼͣ 
hardy mountaineers of Alpine regions.
˹ǿɽؾ
Vigorous  suggests healthy, active energy and strength: 
Vigorous  ǿġлĺģ 
a vigorous old man, who spent half of his day on horseback (W.H. Hudson).
һλÿа⾰ϵľˡ (WHѷ
?
The distinction in meaning betweenhealthy  (possessing good health) and healthful  (conducive to good health) was ascribed to the two terms only as late as the 1880's. This 
distinction, though tenaciously supported by some critics,is belied by citational evidenceevidence clearly indicating thathealthy  and healthful  have shared the meaning conducive 
to good health since at least the mid-16th century, or for more than 400 years. Use ofhealthy  in this sense is to be found in the works of a broad group of distinguished speakers and 
writers of English, with this example being typical:  
Healthy ӵõĽ״ healthful ڽġ˼ϵֱ1980űȷ ȻЩרҹִ֧𣬵еó֤
Щ֤رٴ16Ҷ˵İٶhealthy  healthful Сڽġһ塣 Healthy һһȺܳݽߺҵƷп
ҵϵ÷ߴԣ  
Gardening . . . and working in wood, are fit and healthy recreations for a man of study or business (John Locke).
԰ . . . ѧϰϰ˵һʺ϶ǲ Լˣ
Therefore, bothhealthy  and healthful  are correct in these contexts: a healthy climate, a healthful climate; a healthful diet, a healthy diet.  
ﾳУhealthy  healthful ȷģ a healthy climatea healthful climate a healthful dieta healthy diet  

= =
heap
heap
AHD:[h?p] 
D.J.[hi8p]
K.K.[hip]
n.ʣ
A group of things placed or thrown, one on top of the other:
ѣûһȺ壬һһ棺
a heap of dirty rags lying in the corner.
ڽһƲ
Often heaps Informal A great deal; a lot:
  heaps ʽ ࣻ
We have heaps of homework tonight.
һҵ
Slang An old or run-down car.
ٵ һϳƳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
heaped,heap.ing,heaps 
To put or throw in a pile.
Żӳһ
To fill completely or to overflowing:
ȫ磺
heap a plate with vegetables.
ʢ߲
To bestow in abundance or lavishly:
ݳ޵裺
heaped praise on the rescuers.
Ծȼߴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?p 
Դ Ӣ h?p 
?
heap,bank,mound,pile,stack
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a group or collection of things lying one on top of the other: 
Ще˼ǣһһȺռ 
a heap of old newspapers;
һѾɱֽ
a bank of thunderclouds;
һ׵ƣ
a mound of boulders;
Բʯѣ
a pile of boxes;
һѺӣ
a stack of firewood. 
һľġ 

= =
hear
hear
AHD:[h?r] 
D.J.[h!*]
K.K.[h!r]
v.ʣ
heard[h?rd] hear.ing,hears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive (sound) by the ear:
ͨо
Can you hear the signal?
ź?
To learn by hearing; be told by others:
˵Ϥ֪˸֪
I heard she got married.
˵
To listen to attentively:
ϸ
Hear what I have to tell you.
ұ
To listen to in an official, professional, or formal capacity:
֤ԹٷġְҵĻʽȡ
heard the last witness in the afternoon.
ȡ֤
To listen to and consider favorably:
úøУ
Lord, hear my prayer!
ϵۣҵɣ
To attend or participate in:
ϯμӣ
hear Mass.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be capable of perceiving sound.
ܹо
To receive news or information; learn:
ŻϢ֪
I heard about your accident.
˵
To consider, permit, or consent to something. Used only in the negative:
ǡͬĳ¡ڷ񶨣
I won't hear of your going!
ҿɲͬߣ
?
hear from
To get a letter, telephone call, or transmitted communication from.
յš绰򴫴Ϣ
To be reprimanded by:
ܵ
If you don't do your homework, you're going to hear from me.
㲻ͥҵҾҪ
?
hear, hear
Used to express approval.
ڱʾͬ
?
Middle English hearen 
йӢ hearen 
Old English hon * see  keu- 
Ӣ hon *μ keu- 
?
hearer
n.ʣ

= =
hearing
hear.ing
AHD:[h?r1ng] 
D.J.[6h!*r!0]
K.K.[6h!r!0]
n.ʣ
The sense by which sound is perceived; the capacity to hear.
Ĺܣ
Range of audibility; earshot.
ķΧȵķΧķΧ
An opportunity to be heard.
Ļ
Law 
ɡ 
A preliminary examination of an accused person.
Ԥ󣺶Աָص˵ĳ
The trial of an equity case.
ƽ
A session, as of an investigatory committee or a grand jury, at which testimony is taken from witnesses.
֤᣺ίԱžе֤֤ʵĻ

= =
heart
heart
AHD:[h?rt] 
D.J.[h$8t]
K.K.[h$rt]
n.ʣ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
The chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system.
ࣺ׵ָҵļ٣ӾѪҺѹ붯ӶάѪҺѭϵͳе
A similarly functioning structure in invertebrates.
Ľṹ޼׵ƵĹܽṹ
The area that is the approximate location of the heart in the body; the breast.
ز忿ಿλز
The vital center and source of one's being, emotions, and sensibilities.
ģԴȪĳ桢мҪĻԴȪ
The repository of one's deepest and sincerest feelings and beliefs:
ĳϵĸصأ
an appeal from the heart; a subject dear to her heart.
Ŀİ֮
The seat of the intellect or imagination:
ԴȪǻڵأ
the worst atrocities the human heart could devise.
ܹصı
Emotional constitution, basic disposition, or character:
УʣԣĹɡʻԸ
a man after my own heart.

One's prevailing mood or current inclination:
Ŀǰ飬ڵԸ
We were light of heart. My heart is not in it.
ɣû˼
Capacity for sympathy or generosity; compassion:
ʾͬ򿶿
a leader who seems to have no heart.
ȥͬĵ쵼
Love; affection:
Ȱ
The child won my heart.
ǺӮҵ
Courage; resolution; fortitude:
ģ㣺
The soldiers lost heart and retreated.
ʿʧȥȴ
The firmness of will or the callousness required to carry out an unpleasant task or responsibility:
ִļᶨĮ
hadn't the heart to send them away without food.
ǲԷ뿪
A person esteemed or admired as lovable, loyal, or courageous:
ҳϵˣҳϻ˾صˣ
a dear heart.
ҵı
The central or innermost physical part of a place or region:
ģһطĻڲ֣
the heart of the financial district.See Synonyms at center 
Ĳμ center
The core of a plant, fruit, or vegetable:
ֲˮ߲˵ģ
hearts of palm.
ĺ
The most important or essential part:
ģҪʵĲ֣
get to the heart of the matter.
¼ı
A conventionalized two-lobed representation of the heart, usually colored red or pink.
ͳϳúɫ˫״ʾ
Games 
Ϸ 
A red, heart-shaped figure on certain playing cards.
ģ˿ϵĺɫ
A playing card with this figure.
һź
hearts (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The suit of cards represented by this figure.
 hearts 뵥ãһ
A card game in which the object is either to avoid hearts when taking tricks or to take all the hearts.
ȫ죺һͨɱûӮеĺƵֽϷ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
heart surgery; heart patients.
ҽಡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
heart.ed,heart.ing,hearts  
To encourage; hearten.

?
at heart
In one's deepest feelings; fundamentally.
ģĳ
by heart
Learned by rote; memorized word for word.
ǿǣּ
do (one's) heart good
To lift one's spirits; make one happy.
ĳ˵ʿʹĳ˸
from the bottom of (one's) heart 
from the depths of (one's) heart
With the deepest appreciation; most sincerely.
ϵģĸм֮ģϵ
have (one's) heart in (one's) mouth
To be extremely frightened or anxious.
亦»
have (one's) heart in the right place
To be well-intentioned.
ĵ
heart and soul
Completely; entirely.
ȫģ
in (one's) heart of hearts
In the seat of one's truest feelings.
ĳʵĸ֮
lose (one's) heart to
To fall in love with.
ϣĳˣ
near (one's) heart 
close to (one's) heart
Loved by or important to one.
ĳĻĳҪ
steal (someone's) heart
To win one's affection or love.
Ӯĳ˵ϲ
take to heart
To take seriously and be affected or troubled by:
ԴܡӰţ
Don't take my criticism to heart.
Ҫҵ
to (one's) heart's content
To one's entire satisfaction, without limitation.
޵ĳ
wear (one's) heart on (one's) sleeve
To show one's feelings clearly and openly by one's behavior.
ͨĳ˵Ϊ͹ر
with all (one's) heart
With great willingness or pleasure.
ǳԸ˵
With the deepest feeling or devotion.
еĸȰ
with half a heart
In a half-hearted manner.
ԲԵķʽ
?
Middle English hert 
йӢ hert 
from Old English heorte * see  kerd- 
Դ Ӣ heorte *μ kerd- 

= =
heat
heat
AHD:[h?t] 
D.J.[hi8t]
K.K.[hit]
n.ʣ
Physics A form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by 
convection, and through empty space by radiation.
ѧ ܣһԭӻ˶йصʽɹ̬Һ̬ý鴫Է䷽ʽͨռ
The sensation or perception of such energy as warmth or hotness.
ȸУůȵȶĸ֪
An abnormally high bodily temperature, as from a fever.
ȣ緢յȲĸ
The condition of being hot.
ȵ״̬
A degree of warmth or hotness:
ůȵĳ̶ȣ
The burner was on low heat.
¯յò
The warming of a room or building by a furnace or another source of energy:
ȣù¯ʽԴ﹩ů
The house was cheap to rent, but the heat was expensive.
˵ů۸񰺹
A furnace or other source of warmth in a room or building:
Դе¯ӻԴ
The heat was on when we returned from work.
°ʱ¯
A hot season; a spell of hot weather.
죺ȵļڣһ
Intensity, as of passion, emotion, color, appearance, or effect.
ǿң顢顢ɫʡЧȵǿ
The most intense or active stage:
ңǿһԾĽ׶Σ
the heat of battle.
սҽ
A burning sensation in the mouth produced by spicy flavoring in food.
ʳζϲĿеƸ
Estrus.

One of a series of efforts or attempts.
һŬһϵŬеһ
Sports Games One round of several in a competition, such as a race.
˶ Ϸ һ֣ܵȱмеһ
A preliminary contest held to determine finalists.
Ԥѡֵĳ
Informal Pressure; stress.
ʽ ѹ
Slang 
ٵ 
An intensification of police activity in pursuing criminals.
ǿ׷ﷸʱǿ
The police. Used withthe.  
졣the  
Slang Adverse comments or hostile criticism:
ٵ ۻ񶾵
Heat from the press forced the senator to resign.
Ž񶾵ʹλԱ̨
Slang A firearm, especially a pistol.
ٵ ָǹȻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
heat barriers; heat resistance.
ϣ
v.ʣ
heat.ed,heat.ing,heats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make warm or hot.
ʹůʹ
To excite the feelings of; inflame.
ĸ飻ʹ˷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become warm or hot.
ʹů
To become excited emotionally or intellectually.
ü
?
heat up ʽ
To become acute or intense:
þһǿң
If inflation heats up, interest rates could increase(Christian Science Monitor)
ͨͼӾʿܻߡ(̿ѧԱ)
?
Middle English hete 
йӢ hete 
from Old English h?u * see  kai- 
Դ Ӣ h?u *μ kai- 

= =
heave
heave
AHD:[h?v] 
D.J.[hi8v]
K.K.[hiv]
v.ʣ
heaved,heav.ing,heaves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise or lift, especially with great effort or force:
ߣָŬػʹأ
heaved the box of books onto the table.See Synonyms at lift 
װŵϲμ lift
To throw (a heavy object) with great effort; hurl:
ͶͶĳһ壩Ͷ
heave the shot; heaved a brick through the window.
Ǧש鴩
To throw or toss:
ӣף
heaved his backpack into the corner.
ѱһ
To utter with effort or pain:
̾ϢȣŬʹ˵
heaved a groan of despair.

To vomit (something).
Ż£ĳʣ
past tense and past participle hove[h?v]  Nautical 
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ hove[h?v]   
To raise or haul up by means of a rope, line, or cable:
ͨêߵȷʽϣ
hove the anchor up and set sail.
ê
To move a ship in a certain direction or into a certain position by hauling:
ͨʹĳһƶʹ֮ĳһλã
hove the ship astern.
ʹ
To make rise or swell:
ʹ¡
the wind heaving huge waves; an exhausted dog heaving its chest.
紵ˣƣĹز
Geology To displace or move (a vein, lode, or stratum, for example).
ѧ ز㣬ȣתλûƶˮزȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise up or swell, as if pushed up; bulge:
ͬһ͹
The sidewalk froze and heaved.
е͹
To rise and fall in turn, as waves.
纣˰
To gag or vomit.
ʹŻŻ
past tense and past participle hove Nautical 
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ hove  
To move in a certain direction or to a specified position:
ƶĳһĳһضλƶ
The frigate hove alongside.
򰶱ƶ
To pull at or haul a rope or cable:
ߣ
The brig is heaving around on the anchor.
˫ΦᷫΧêתȦ
To push at a capstan bar or lever.
̵ȣ̰ܸ
n.ʣ
The effort of heaving.

An act of hurling; a throw, especially when considered in terms of distance:
ͶͶĶһͶָӾ
a heave of 63 feet.
ʮӢߵһ
Geology A horizontal dislocation, as of a rock stratum, at a fault.
ѧ ˮƽϲ㣺Ҳˮƽλϴ
An upward movement.
˶
The act or an instance of gagging or vomiting.
ϢŻ£ϢŻµжʵ
heaves (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A pulmonary disease of horses that is characterized by respiratory irregularities, such as coughing, and is noticeable especially after exercise or 
in cold weather.
 heaves 뵥ãףķβ֢״Ǻϵͳԣڱ֮Ǻ伾Ϊ
?
heave to
Nautical 
 
To turn a sailing ship so that its bow heads into the wind and the ship lies motionless except for drifting, in order to meet a storm:
ͣתںеĴֻʹͷӭ磬ƯһҲͣˮУԱӭӱ磺
The brig hove to.
˫Φᷫͣ
To turn an engine-powered vessel in a similar situation so that its bow heads into the seas while proceeding at low speed.
涯ͣλƵľתԱ㴬׳ԽˮͬʱԵǰ
Nautical To turn a sailing ship so that its bow heads into the wind and the ship lies motionless except for drifting, in order to meet a storm:
 ͣתںеĴֻʹͷӭ磬ƯһҲͣˮУԱӭӱ磺
The brig hove to.
˫Φᷫͣ
To turn an engine-powered vessel in a similar situation so that its bow heads into the seas while proceeding at low speed.
涯ͣλƵľתԱ㴬׳ԽˮͬʱԵǰ
?
heave into sight 
heave into view
To rise or seem to rise over the horizon into view, as a ship.
ֻ֣ȥҪڵƽ߽Ұһ
?
Middle English heven 
йӢ heven 
from Old English hebban * see  kap- 
Դ Ӣ hebban *μ kap- 
?
heaver
n.ʣ

= =
heaven
heav.en
AHD:[hvn] 
D.J.[6hev*n]
K.K.[6hWv*n]
n.ʣ
Often heavens The sky or universe as seen from Earth; the firmament.
  heavens 죬գӵ֮ջ棻
Often Heaven The abode of God, the angels, and the souls of those who are granted salvation.
  Heaven ãϵۣʹЩõȵľ
An eternal state of communion with God; everlasting bliss.
֣ϵг״̬Ҹ
Heaven God:
 Heaven ϵۣ죺
Heaven help you!
Ըϵ۰㣡
heavens Used in various phrases to express surprise:
 heavens ѽģڸֶбʾȣ
Good heavens!
ģ
Often heavens The celestial powers; the gods:
  heavens ʹ
The heavens favored the young prince.
񶼳谮λ
A condition or place of great happiness, delight, or pleasure:
֣֮أĿ֡ˡ״̬ط
The lake was heaven.
úǸ֮
?
move heaven and earth
To do everything possible to bring about something desired.
߾ȫǧټƣÿһֿܵԱҪĳֶ
?
Middle English heven 
йӢ heven 
from Old English heofon * see  ak- 
Դ Ӣ heofon *μ ak- 

= =
heavy
heav.y
AHD:[hv?] 
D.J.[6hevi8]
K.K.[6hWvi]
adj.ݴʣ
heav.i.er,heav.i.est д hvy.
Having relatively great weight:
صģԶӵнϴģ
a heavy load.
ظ
Having relatively high density; having a high specific gravity.
ؽϴģŨԽصģ
Large, as in number or quantity:
ģģ
a heavy turnout; heavy casualties.
ش
Large in yield or output:
ģڲ޴ģ
heavy rainfall.

Of great intensity:
ҵģ
heavy activity; heavy fighting.
һҵս
Having great power or force:
ģ
a heavy punch.
һ
Violent; rough:
񱩵ģֱģ
heavy seas.
ӿĺ
Equipped with massive armaments and weapons:
װôҩװģ
a heavy cruiser; heavy infantry.
װѲ󽢣ǹʵĲ
Large enough to fire powerful shells:
͵ģԷ޴ڵģ
heavy guns.

Indulging to a great degree:
ģݴﵽ̶ܴȵģ
a heavy drinker.
񫼫
Involved or participating on a large scale:
ģģģ
a heavy investor.
޶Ͷ
Of great import or seriousness; grave:
شģҪģҪģ
heavy matters of state.
Ҵ
Having considerable thickness:
ģ൱ȵģ
a heavy coat.

Broad or coarse:
Ļֵģ
drew the face with heavy lines.
ô
Dense; thick:
Ũܵģģ
a heavy fog.

Slow to dissipate; strong:
ɢģǿҵģ
There was a heavy fragrance of flowers and lemon trees(Mario Puzo)
ﴫŨͻζ(¡)
Too dense or rich to digest easily:
ģ̫Ϲģ
a heavy dessert.
̫
Insufficiently leavened:
δõģ
heavy bread.
òõӲ
Full of clay and readily saturated:
Ţģճѽ͸ģ
heavy soil.
Ţ
Weighed down; burdened:
´ģ´ģظģ
trees heavy with plums.
ʵ۵
Emotionally weighed down; despondent:
صģоصģ˾ɥģ
a heavy heart.
ص
Marked by or exhibiting weariness:
˯ģʾƣģԵƣģ
heavy lids.
´Ƥ
Sad or painful:
ʹģʹģ
heavy news.
ǵϢ
Hard to do or accomplish; arduous:
ģѰģɵģ޵ģ
heavy going; heavy reading.
ѵߣĶ
Not easily borne; oppressive:
ѿģܵģѹȵģ
heavy taxes.
˰
Lacking vitality; deficient in vivacity or grace:
Ƶģȱģûûģ
a heavy gait; heavy humor.
صĲ̬ȻζĬ
Sharply inclined; steep:
¶Ⱥܴģ͵ģ
a heavy grade.

Having a large capacity or designed for rough work:
͵ģо޴е޹ģ
a heavy truck.
Ϳ
Of, relating to, or involving the large-scale production of basic products, such as steel:
ģƷֵĴģйصģ漰ⷽģ
heavy industry.
عҵ
Of or relating to a serious dramatic role.
ׯصģģĳɫĻйص
Physics Of or relating to an isotope with an atomic mass greater than the average mass of that element.
ѧ صģԭȸԪصƽԭصͬλصĻ֮йص
Loud; sonorous:
ģģ
a heavy sound; heavy breathing.
صĺ
Linguistics Of, relating to, or being a syllable ending in a long vowel or in a vowel plus two consonants.
ѧ ڵģǻйһԪһԪĸβ
Slang 
ٵ 
Of great significance or profundity.
ҪģҪĻȵ
Very popular or important:
ܻӭģҪģ
a rock star who is really heavy.
һλܻӭҡ
adv.ʣ
heav.i.er,heav.i.est 
Heavily:
ܼأ
The snow is falling heavier tonight than last night.
ѩµñ
n.ʣ
 heav.ies 
A serious or tragic role in a play.
ׯصĽɫɫϷׯػ򱯾Խɫ
An actor playing such a role.
ׯػ򱯾ԽɫԱ
Slang A villain in a story or play.
ٵ »ϷеĶ
Slang A mobster.
ٵ ͽ
Slang One that is very important or influential:
ٵ ҪҪӰ
a media heavy.
ŽҪ
?
Middle English hevi 
йӢ hevi 
from Old English hefig * see  kap- 
Դ Ӣ hefig *μ kap- 
?
heaviness
n.ʣ
?
heavy,weighty,hefty,massive,ponderous,cumbersome
These adjectives mean having a relatively great weight.
Щݴʶʾӵ൱
 Heavy   refers to what has great weight ( 
 Heavy  ָкܴģ 
a heavy boulder;
صĴԲʯ
a heavy load); figuratively it applies to what is burdensome or oppressive to the spirit ( 
ظ ָѹֵĻڸģ 
heavy responsibilities;
شΣ
heavy losses). 
شʧ 
 Weighty  literally denotes having considerable weight ( 
 Weighty  ָ൱ģ 
a weighty package); figuratively it describes what is onerous, serious, or important ( 
صİ ָ޵ġصĻҪ( 
the weighty cares of a head of state;
Ԫ׵йػ
a weighty problem;
з⣻
a weighty decision). 
Ҫ) 
 Hefty   refers principally to physical heaviness or brawniness: 
 Hefty  ָʵصĻʵģ 
a hefty dictionary;
ͷֵ䣻
a tall, hefty wrestler.
ߴǿˤ֡
Massive  describes what is bulky, heavy, solid, and strong: 
Massive  ָģصģӲģģ 
a massive head;
Դ
massive marble columns;
޴Ĵʯ
a massive gold chain.
ι̵Ľ
Ponderous  refers to what has great mass and weightand usually implies unwieldiness: 
Ponderous  ָкܴģͨ޷ʹ֮⣺ 
ponderous prehistoric beasts. Figuratively it describes what is complicated, involved, or lacking in grace: 
صʷǰҰޡ ָӵġҵĻȱŵģ 
a book with a ponderous plot;
ڸӵ飻
a ponderous compliment. Somethingcumbersome is difficult to move, handle, or deal with because it is heavy, bulky, or clumsy:  
Ĵ Cumbersome ء޴ֱƶԸ  
cumbersome luggage;
ص
a cumbersome writing style. 
ֱд 

= =
heavily
heav.i.ly
AHD:[hv--l?] 
D.J.[hev*li8]
K.K.[hWv*li]
adv.ʣ
In a burdened manner:
صأ
heavily laden.
װص
Very slowly and with difficulty; laboriously:
ѾģǳػأѾģ
walking heavily through the snow.
ѩл
Greatly or severely:
صأҵأ
heavily in debt.
ծ

= =
hedge
hedge
AHD:[hj] 
D.J.[hed9]
K.K.[hWd9]
n.ʣ
A row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees forming a fence or boundary.
飺һֵĹľ򳤵õ͵γɵһդֽ
A line of people or objects forming a barrier:
ϰһ˻ɵϰϣ
a hedge of spectators along the sidewalk.
еγһϰ
A means of protection or defense, especially against financial loss:
ֶΣһֱֶλ򷽷ָֹʧ
a hedge against inflation.
ֹͨ͵Ĵʩ
A securities transaction that reduces the risk on an existing investment position.
ֵʩڱֵһִּͶ״̬Σյм֤ȯ
An intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement.
Ļش𣬹ĲΣ˵ģɵĻȷĻ
v.ʣ
hedged,hedg.ing,hedg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enclose or bound with or as if with hedges.
ΧסߺΧƻΧס
To hem in, hinder, or restrict with or as if with a hedge.
ΧסΧߺΧϰ谭
To minimize or protect against the loss of by counterbalancing one transaction, such as a bet, against another.
עڱֵעԼٻֹףĲʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To plant or cultivate hedges.
ֻ
To take compensatory measures so as to counterbalance possible loss.
ڱֵʧȡԴʩƽܵʧ
To avoid making a clear, direct response or statement.
ֱӻش𣺱ֱ˵Ļش
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hecg 
Դ Ӣ hecg 
?
hedger
n.ʣ
hedgy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
heel
heel 1
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[hi8l]
K.K.[hil]
n.ʣ
The rounded posterior portion of the human foot under and behind the ankle.
࣬Ÿ׹ؽں²ֵĽŵĺ󲿳ԲεĲ
The corresponding part of the hind foot of other vertebrates.
֫࣬ĺ󲿣׵ӦĲλ
A similar anatomical part, such as the fleshy rounded base of the human palm or the hind toe of a bird.
״һƵ֣֯ƵԲλػֻĺֺ
The part, as of a sock, shoe, or stocking, that covers the rounded posterior portion of the human foot.
ЬĺӻЬĸסŲԲκ벿Ĳ
The built-up portion of a shoe or boot, supporting the heel.
ЬЬѥ֧ŽŸֵϲ
One of the crusty ends of a loaf of bread.
ͷһӲ֮һ
Nautical 
 
The lower end of a mast.
ΦţΦΦһ
The after end of a ship's keel.
Ǻ
A lower, rearward surface, as of the head of a golf club where it joins the shaft.
β˲λ߶ͷϺ͸ͷ
Music The end of a violin bow where the handle is located.
֡ βˣСٹĩٰѵӴ
Botany The basal end of a plant cutting or tuber used in propagation.
ֲѧ ࣺڷֲֳĿ龥ֵĻ
Oppression; tyranny:
ѹȣ
under the heel of Stalinism; the heel of an autocrat.
˹屩֮£ߵרͳ
Informal A dishonorable man; a cad.
ʽ ѵˣɵļһ
v.ʣ
heeled,heel.ing,heels 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with a heel or heels.
Ьƻ
To repair or replace the heels, as for shoes.
ЬЬ
Slang To furnish, especially with money.
ٵ ṩǮṩָǮ
To arm (a gamecock) with gaffs.
װ
To press or strike with the heel:
úߣýźѹû
heel a horse.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To follow at one's heels:
β棺
The dog won't heel.
ǹ
?
down at the heels
Having one's shoe heels worn down.
ĥģЬ˵
Shabby; rundown; poor.
ڵģڵģݵģƶ
lay by the heels
To put in fetters or shackles; imprison.
ĳ˴ĳ˴
on the heels of 
upon the heels of
Directly behind.
ģֱں
Immediately following.

out at the heel 
out at the heels
Having holes in one's socks or shoes.
Ьж
Run-down; shabby; seedy.
ڵģڵģݵģõ
take to (one's) heels
To run away; flee.
ߣߣ
to heel
Close behind.
ں
Under discipline or control.
˳ӣܿƣͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?a 
Դ Ӣ h?a 
?
heel
heel 2
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[hi8l]
K.K.[hil]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
heeled,heel.ing,heels 
To tilt or cause to tilt to one side.
бʹ㣺һбʹһб
n.ʣ
A tilt, as of a boat, to one side.
࣬ȣһߵбһ
?
Alteration of Middle English helden 
 йӢ heldenı仯 
from Old English hieldan 
Դ Ӣ hieldan 

= =
height
height
AHD:[hot] 
D.J.[ha!t]
K.K.[ha!t]
n.Abbr. h.,H.,hgt.,htʣд h.,H.,hgt.,ht
The distance from the base of something to the top.
ߣ߶ȣĳӻľ
Elevation above a given level, as of the sun or a star above the horizon; altitude.See Synonyms at elevation 
Σ߶ȣضˮƽϵĸ߶ȣ̫ǳ֮ڵƽ֮ߣβμ elevation
The condition or attribute of being relatively or sufficiently high or tall.
ߣϸ߻㹻ߵλ
Stature, especially of the human body.
ߣָ
The highest or uppermost point; the summit or apex.
ߵ㣬壺ߵ㣬ߵ㣻
The highest or most advanced degree; the zenith:
߷壺߻Ƚĳ̶ȣߵ㣺
at the height of her career.
ҵ߷
The point of highest intensity; the climax:
ȣ㣺Ϊҵһ㣻߳
the height of a storm.
ҵʱ
An eminence, such as a hill or mountain.
ߵأߴߴСɽ
A high point or position.
ߵλ
Obsolete High rank, estate, or degree.
 ߹λݻѧλ
Archaic Loftiness of mind.
 ĳ
Obsolete Arrogance; hauteur:
 ʢ˵ӣ
He returned me a very resolute answer, and full of height(Oliver Cromwell)
һǳϵĻش𣬶һ˰֮()
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h??ahthu} 
Դ Ӣ h??ahthu} 

= =
heighten
height.en
AHD:[hotn] 
D.J.[6ha!tn]
K.K.[6ha!t2]
v.ʣ
height.ened,height.en.ing,height.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise or increase the quantity or degree of; intensify.
ӣǿ߻̶ȣǿ
To make high or higher; raise.
ߣӸߣʹߣʹߣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise or increase in quantity or degree; intensify.
ӣǿ߻̶ȣǿ
To become high or higher; rise.
ߣӸߣø߻ߣӸ
?
heightener
n.ʣ

= =
heir
heir
AHD:[ar] 
D.J.[e*]
K.K.[Wr]
n.ʣ
Law A person who inherits or is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another.
ɡ ̳ˣݷɼ̳л̳һ֮Ʋ
A person who succeeds or is in line to succeed to a hereditary rank, title, or office.
̳ߣߣϮߣϮμϮһϮĹٽסͷλְλ
One who receives or is expected to receive a heritage, as of ideas, from a predecessor.
̳ߣߣǰϼ̳л̳һŲ˼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin h??s} * see  gh?- 
Դ  h??s} *μ gh?- 

= =
helicopter
hel.i.cop.ter
AHD:[hl1-k?ptr] 
D.J.[6hel!7kKpt*]
K.K.[6hWl!7k$pt+]
n.ʣ
An aircraft that derives its lift from blades that rotate about an approximately vertical central axis.
ֱҶΧһƴֱתʹߵķɻ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
hel.i.cop.tered,hel.i.cop.ter.ing,hel.i.cop.ters 
To go or transport by helicopter.
ֱɻǰ
?
French hlicoptre 
 hlicoptre 
Greek helix  helik- [spiral] * see  helix 
ϣ helix  helik- [] *μ helix
Greek pteron [wing] * see  -pter 
ϣ pteron [] *μ -pter
?
The origin of the wordhelicopter  is apparent only upon due recognition of its Greek ancestors. Helicopter was borrowed from the French word hlicoptre,  a word constructed from 
Greekheliko-  and pteron,  wing. Heliko- is a form of helix,  spiral, that combines with other words and word forms to create new words.The consonant clusterpt  in pteron  
begins many Greek words but relatively few English words,so English speakers who are unfamiliar with Greek do not think of the word's elements ashelico-pter.  At least some English 
speakers have analyzed the word into the elementsheli-copter,  as is shown by the clipped formcopter.  
Helicopter һʵԴÿԵϣĹŴʻҵӦĴʡ Helicopter һǴӷе helicoptere ùģ ϣheliko  pteron ֮
⣩ɵģ Heliko  helix һʽ ƴ϶µĴʻ㡣Pteron еĸȺ pt ΪϣǺܶģ Ӣʻо
ٵö࣬ԣЩϤϣӢʹ߾ͲѸôʵĳɷֿhelico-pter  еӢʹѾѸôʷheli-copter  дʽcopter ʾ 

= =
hell
hell
AHD:[hl] 
D.J.[hel]
K.K.[hWl]
n.ʣ
Often Hell The abode of condemned souls and devils in some religions; the place of eternal punishment for the wicked after death, presided over by Satan.
  Hell ĳЩڽбħסĵطа֮Զܳͷĵطͳ
A state of separation from God.
ϵ۷ֿ״̬
The abode of the dead, identified with the Hebrew Sheol and the Greek Hades; the underworld.
䣬ڤ߾סĵط̫˵˾ϣ˵ͬڤ
Hell Christian Science Mortal belief; sin or error.
 Hell ̿ѧɡ ˡ
A situation or place of evil, misery, discord, or destruction:
а񱯲ҵľаʹࡢһ״̬
War is hell(William Tecumseh Sherman)
սǵ(ؿķл)
Torment; anguish:
ʹࣻʹ
went through hell on the job.
ڹоشʹ
The powers of darkness and evil.
ڰа
Informal One that causes trouble, agony, or annoyance:
ʽ 鷳ʹŭˣ
The boss is hell when a job is poorly done.
ÿòʱϰֱħ
A sharp scolding:
ŭ⣺
gave the student hell for cheating.
ݺݵѵ׵ѧ
Informal Excitement, mischievousness, or high spirits:
ʽ ˷ܣ˷ܼƤȻ֣
We did it for the sheer hell of it.
Ϊ׷̼Ÿɵ
A tailor's receptacle for discarded material.
÷ʦ½ϵ
Printing A hellbox.
ӡˢ Ǧ
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ڼǿ
How the hell can I go? You did one hell of a job. He ran like hell to catch the bus.
ôȥ?ĹһͿ׷Ϲ
Archaic A gambling house.
 Ŀߣĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
helled,hell.ing,hells ʽ 
To behave riotously; carouse:
飺ŵƵأ
out all night helling around.
ҹ滨Ƶ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express anger, disgust, or impatience.
ڱʾ񣬲ͷ
?
for the hell of it
For no particular reason; on a whim:
ûʲôɣһʱ£
walked home by the old school for the hell of it.
ĸУлؼҽΪȡֶ
hell onʽ
Damaging or destructive to:
кԡкģԡƻԣ
Driving in a hilly town is hell on the brakes.
ƽĳݳɲΣ
Unpleasant to or painful for.
ԡ˵ʹ
hell or high water 
hell and high water
Troubles or difficulties of whatever magnitude:
ܶѻ鷳
We're staying, come hell or high water.
жѣǶ
hell to pay
Great trouble:
鷳
If we're wrong, there'll be hell to pay.
ǳ鷳ʹ
?
Middle English helle 
йӢ helle 
from Old English * see  kel- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ kel- 1

= =
hello
hel.lo
AHD:[h-l?, h-]  Ҳ hul.lo [h-] 
D.J.[he6l*&, h*-] Ҳ hul.lo [h*]
K.K.[hW6lo, h*-] Ҳ hul.lo [h*]
interj.̾ʣ
Used to greet someone, answer the telephone, or express surprise.
ޣιڱʾʺĳˡ绰Ǳﾪ֮
n.ʣ
 hel.los 
A calling or greeting of hello.
ιкʺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hel.loed,hel.lo.ing,hel.loes 
To call hello.
ι
?
Alteration of hallo 
 halloı仯 
alteration of obsolete holla [stop!] 
  hollaı仯 [ֹͣ] 
perhaps from Old French hola 
Դ ŷ hola 
ho [ho!] 
ho [] 
la [there]  from Latin ill3c [that way] 
la [Ƕ]  Դ  ill3c [·] 

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helmet
hel.met
AHD:[hlm1t] 
D.J.[6helm!t]
K.K.[6hWlm!t]
n.ʣ
A head covering of hard material, such as leather, metal, or plastic, worn by football players, firefighters, construction workers, motorcyclists, and others to protect the head.
ͷɼӲƤƳɵͷԱԱˡĦгֻԱͷ
The headgear with a glass mask worn by deep-sea divers.
ǱˮͷˮǱˮԱĴвֵñ
A pith helmet; a topi.
ñľ̫ñľñ
A head covering, such as a balaclava, that is shaped like a helmet.
ñһ״ͷͷ߿ʽñ
A piece of armor, usually made of metal, designed to protect the head.
ףһףͨɽƳɣڱͷ
Botany The hood-shaped sepal or corolla of some flowers.
ֲѧ ״ڣࣩĳЩ״Ļ򻨹
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
hel.met.ed,hel.met.ing,hel.mets 
To provide with or put on a helmet.
ṩͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [diminutive of] helme 
Դ ŷ  [] helmeС׺ 
[of Germanic origin] * see  kel- 1
[նԴ] *μ kel- 1
?
helmeted
adj.ݴʣ

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help
help
AHD:[hlp] 
D.J.[help]
K.K.[hWlp]
v.ʣ
helped,help.ing,helps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give assistance to; aid:
ԮЭ
I helped her find the book. He helped me into my coat.
ҰҵǱ顣Ҵô
To contribute to the furtherance of; promote.
ٽԡаٽ
To give relief to:

help the needy.
ȼ
To ease; relieve:
⣻᣺
medication to help your cold.
ƸðҩƷ
To change for the better; improve:
õı仯Ľ
A fresh coat of paint will help a scarred old table.
ͿһὫĹŰ߲
To refrain from; avoid or resist. Used withcan  or cannot : 
ƣֹơCan  Cannot ã 
couldn't help laughing.
̿
To wait on, as in a store or restaurant.
Ϊ̵͹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be of service; give assistance.
а
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of helping.
Ԯжʵ
Aid or assistance.
Ԯ
Relief; remedy.
ȵİ취ҩ
One that helps:
֣
You've been a great help. A food processor is a help to the serious cook.
Ǹܵİ֡ʳӹصĳʦ˵Ǹõİ
A person employed to help, especially a farm worker or domestic servant.
Ӷˣ͹Ӷæˣָũ˻ͥ
Such employees considered as a group. Often used withthe.  
ȫ͹ӶˣһЩ͹Ӷˡͨthe  
?
help (oneself) to
To serve or provide oneself with:
ãáдԼṩԼ
Help yourself to the cookies.
Եİ
Informal To take (something) without asking permission:
ʽ ͵ԣȡûеõȡĳ
The thief helped himself to our family silver.
С͵ȡҼҵ
?
Middle English helpen 
йӢ helpen 
from Old English helpan 
Դ Ӣ helpan 
?
help,aid,assist,succor
These verbs mean to contribute to the fulfillment of a need, the furtherance of an effort, or the achievement of a purpose or end.
ЩʶʾһҪɡŬĴٽһĿĻĿȡһá
 Help   andaid, the most general, are frequently interchangeable: 
 Help  aid ʾ㷺 Ի 
a medication that helps (or aids ) the digestion; 
ڣ aids  ҩ 
a fine sense of rhythm that helped (or aided ) the student in learning music. Help,  however, sometimes conveys a stronger suggestion of effectual action:  
ڣ aided ѧѧϰֵõĽС help ʱЧжζΪǿһЩ  
Nothing will help.
һо޼¡
I'll help you move the piano.
ҽᶯǼܸ١
He helped her out of the car.
ӽγ
Assist  usually implies making a secondary contribution or acting as a subordinate: 
Assist  ͨʾڶλûµã 
A team of kitchen apprentices assisted the chef in preparing the banquet.
һѧͽЭʦ׼ᡣ
Succor  refers to going to the relief of one in want, difficulty, or distress: 
Succor  ָˣ˻ʹ˸ 
Mr. Harding thought . . . of the worn-out, aged men he had succored (Anthony Trollope).See also Synonyms at  improve 
뵽Щõȼõ˺ˡ ᡤգμͬ improve
?
A common use ofhelp  is exemplified by the sentence 
help һܳ÷ ṩһܺõӣ 
Don't change it any more than you can help (that is, any more than you have to). 
򲻵ѣͲҪٸıʲôˣҲ˵㲻ò 
Some grammarians condemn this usageon the ground thathelp  in this sense means avoid and logically requires a negative.But the expression is a well-established idiom.See 
Usage Note at cannot 
Щ﷨Ҷ÷help ʾ⡱˼ Դ߼ϽӦ÷ʽֱѾΪһֱ㷺ܵĹ÷˲μ 
cannot

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helpful
help.ful
AHD:[hlpfl] 
D.J.[6helpf*l]
K.K.[6hWlpf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Providing assistance; useful.
ģõ
?
helpfully
adv.ʣ
helpfulness
n.ʣ

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helpless
help.less
AHD:[hlpl1s] 
D.J.[6helpl!s]
K.K.[6hWlpl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Unable to manage by oneself; incompetent.
ģ
Lacking power or strength; impotent.
ģģȱģ˥
Impossible to remedy; hopeless.
ɾҩģûϣ
Impossible to control; involuntary:
޷Ƶģģ
helpless laughter.
ɼЦ
?
helplessly
adv.ʣ
helplessness
n.ʣ

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hemisphere
hem.i.sphere
AHD:[hm1-sf?r] 
D.J.[6hem!7sf!*]
K.K.[6hWm!7sf!r]
n.ʣ
A half of a sphere bounded by a great circle.
һ޴ԲΧһ
A half of a symmetrical, approximately spherical object as divided by a plane of symmetry.
壺һԳƵġһ룬类Գֿ
Either half of the celestial sphere as divided by the ecliptic, the celestial equator, or the horizon.
򣺱ƵƽȦֳһ
Either the northern or southern half of the earth as divided by the equator or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian.
ģ򣺱ֿϰ򱱰򣬻߷ֿĶ
Anatomy Either of the lateral halves of the cerebrum; a cerebral hemisphere.
ѧ ԰򣺴Բ벿ֵκһ԰
?
hemispheric
AHD:[-sf?r1k, -sfr-]   hemi.spheri.cal ݴʣ
hemispherically
adv.ʣ

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hen
hen
AHD:[hn] 
D.J.[hen]
K.K.[hWn]
n.ʣ
A female bird, especially the adult female of the domestic fowl.
ĸһִָּѳĴ
The female of certain aquatic animals, such as an octopus or a lobster.
ˮĳЩˮĴԣϺ
Offensive A woman, especially a fussy old woman.
 ฾Ůˣָϸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  kan- 
Դ Ӣ *μ kan- 
?
hennish
adj.ݴʣ
hennishly
adv.ʣ
hennishness
n.ʣ

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hence
hence
AHD:[hns] 
D.J.[hens]
K.K.[hWns]
adv.ʣ
For this reason; therefore:
ˣԣ
handmade and hence expensive.
ֹ죬˺ܹ
From this source:
ǣ
They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art.
յǲ˶ŬȤ
From this time; from now:
Ӵˣ
A year hence it will be forgotten.
󽫱һ
From this place; away from here:
Ӵ˴뿪˴
Get you hence!
뿪!
From this life.
ȥ
?
Middle English hennes [from here] 
йӢ hennes [뿪˴] 
henne  from Old English heonan * see  ko- 
henne  Դ Ӣ heonan *μ ko- 
-es [adverbial suff.] * see  -s 3
-es [Ժ׺] *μ -s3

= =
henceforth
hence.forth
AHD:[hnsf?rth] 
D.J.[6hens7f%8G]
K.K.[6hWns7f%rG]
adv.ʣ
From this time forth; from now on.
ӴԺ󣻽

= =
her
her
AHD:[hr, r] [h?r] ضʱ 
D.J.[h*, *][hT8]ضʱ 
K.K.[h+, +][hPr]ضʱ 
adj.ݴʣ
 sheиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ģΪδǰ
her boots; her accomplishments.
ѥӣĲ
pron.ʣ
 sheıʽ 
Used as the direct object of a verb:
ʵֱӱ
They saw her at the conference.
ڻϿ
Used as the indirect object of a verb:
ʵļӱ
They gave her a round of applause.
Ǹһ
Used as the object of a preposition:
ʵı
This letter is addressed to her.
д
Informal Used as a predicate nominative:
ʽ ñʣ
It's her.

n.ʣ
A female:
ԣ
The dog is a her.See Usage Note at be See Usage Note at I 1
ֻĸμ beμ I1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hire * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ hire *μ ko- 

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herd
herd
AHD:[h?rd] 
D.J.[hT8d]
K.K.[hPd]
n.ʣ
A group of cattle or other domestic animals of a single kind kept together for a specific purpose.
ȺΪĳضĿĶһţȺּͬȺ
A number of wild animals of one species that remain together as a group:
ȺΪһһֻĳҰ
a herd of elephants.See Synonyms at flock 1
һȺμ flock1
A large number of people; a crowd:
һȺˣһȺˣ
a herd of stranded passengers.
һȺÿ
The multitude of common people regarded as a mass:
ڣȺڵͨˣ
It is the luxurious and dissipated who set the fashions which the herd so diligently follow(Henry David Thoreau)
ݳ޺ͷŵβ׷ʱС(ά)
v.ʣ
herd.ed,herd.ing,herds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together in a herd:
һ𣺾۳һȺ
The sheep herded for warmth.
۳һȺȡů
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gather, keep, or drive (animals) in a herd.
ʹһ𣬰ѡһټءϣʹ֮ΪһȺ
To tend (sheep or cattle).
ţȺţȺʹȺ
To gather and place into a group or mass:
ʹȺټѡһһȺ
herded the children into the auditorium.
ʹӳȺؽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English heord 
Դ Ӣ heord 

= =
here
here
AHD:[h?r] 
D.J.[h!*]
K.K.[h!r]
adv.ʣ
At or in this place:

Stop here for a rest.
ͣ£Ϣһ
At this time; now:
ʱڣ
We'll adjourn the meeting here and discuss remaining issues after lunch.
ʱݻᣬ緹ʣ
At or on this point, detail, or item:
һϣһϣһϸڻĿϣ
Here I must disagree.
һұ뷴
In the present life or condition.
ڣڵ
To this place; hither:

Come here, please.
뵽
adj.ݴʣ
Used for emphasis after a demonstrative pronoun:
ָʾ֮ǿ
Which word? This one here.
ĸ?
Used for emphasis after a noun modified by a demonstrative pronoun:
ָʾε֮ǿ
this word here.

Non-Standard Used for emphasis between a demonstrative pronoun and a noun:
Ǳ׼ ָʾʺ֮ǿ
this here word.

interj.̾ʣ
Used to respond to a roll call, attract attention, command an animal, or rebuke, admonish, or concur.
ι٣ʱشע⡢ѵ⡢ͬʱ
n.ʣ
This place:

It would be difficult from here, with the certainty of armed gunmen inside, to bring him out alive(Howard Kaplan)
Ϊ϶дǹװԱ԰Ŵѡ(¡)
The present time or state:
ڣڵʱ״̬
We are living in the here and can only speculate about the hereafter.
ڣֻԤδ
?
neither here nor there
Unimportant and irrelevant.
޹ؽҪĻɵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?r * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ h?r *μ ko- 
?
Here
He.re
AHD:[h?r?] 
D.J.[6h!*ri8]
K.K.[6h!ri]
n.Greek Mythology ʣϣ񻰡 
Variant of Hera 
 Heraı

= =
heritage
her.i.tage
AHD:[hr1-t1j] 
D.J.[6her!t!d9]
K.K.[6hWr!t!d9]
n.ʣ
Property that is or can be inherited; an inheritance.
Ų̳вƲ̳еĻɱ̳еĲƲ̳
Something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition.
ͳǰĶͳ
The status acquired by a person through birth; a birthright:
ȨͨõĵλӼ̳Ȩ
a heritage of affluence and social position.
ĸкλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from eritier [heir] 
Դ eritier [̳] 
from Medieval Latin h??dit3rius} 
Դ  h??dit3rius} 
from Latin [inherited] * see  hereditary 
Դ  [̳е] *μ hereditary
?
heritage,inheritance,legacy,tradition
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something immaterial, such as a custom, that is passed from one generation to another: 
Щʹе˼ǣһһķԵĶϰס 
a heritage of moral uprightness;
ֱĴͳ
an inheritance of knowledge from the past;
ɹȥ̳е֪ʶ
a legacy of philosophical thought;
ѧ˼Ų
the tradition of noblesse oblige. 
ΪӦеĴͳ 

= =
hero
he.ro
AHD:[h?r?] 
D.J.[6h!*r*&]
K.K.[6h!ro]
n.ʣ
 he.roes 
In mythology and legend, a man, often of divine ancestry, who is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits, and favored by the gods.
Ŵ񻰺ʹ˵аʽӢۣ񻰺ʹ˵ʥѪͳģо޴ˣӢµΪ
A person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life:
Ӣۣ¸ҵҵеͼˣָðΣջˣ
soldiers and nurses who were heroes in an unpopular war.
һսӢʽսʿ뻤ʿ
A person noted for special achievement in a particular field:
ܳĳڵɾͶˣ
the heroes of medicine.See Synonyms at celebrity 
ҽѧܳμ celebrity
The principal male character in a novel, poem, or dramatic presentation.See Usage Note at heroine 
˹С˵ʫϷеҪԽɫμ heroine
See  submarine See Regional Note at submarine 
μ  submarine μ submarine
?
Probably alteration of Latin h??s} 
Ϊ  h??sı仯} 
from Greek * see  ser- 1
Դ ϣ *μ ser- 1
?
Hero
Hero 1
AHD:[h?r?] 
D.J.[6h!*r*&]
K.K.[6h!ro]
n.Greek Mythology ʣϣ񻰡 
A priestess of Aphrodite beloved by Leander.
壺߯Ů˾հöİ
?
Hero
Hero 2
AHD:[h?r?, h?r?]   He.ron [h?r?n] (1) Ԫ  
D.J.[6hi8r*&, 6h!*r*&]  He.ron [6hi87rKn]
K.K.[6hiro, 6h!ro]  He.ron [6hi7r$n]
NONE޴ԣ
Alexandrian scientist who invented many water-driven and steam-driven machines and devised a formula for determining the area of a triangle.
ϣޣɽʱڵĿѧңˮ˲ⶨĹʽ

= =
heroic
he.ro.ic
AHD:[h1-r?1k] 
D.J.[h!6r*&!k]
K.K.[h!6ro!k]
adj.also ݴʣ Ҳ 
heroical
AHD:[-1-kl] 
Of, relating to, or resembling the heroes of literature, legend, or myth.
Ӣ۵ģѧ˵еӢ۵ģӢ۵
Having, displaying, or characteristic of the qualities appropriate to a hero; courageous:
ӢµģηģСʾӢƷƵģηģ
heroic deeds.
Ӣ¼
Impressive in size or scope; grand:
쳣ģСΧܴģģ
heroic undertakings.
ҵ
Of a size or scale that is larger than life:
˻ʵģСģ˻ʵģ
heroic sculpture.
ʵĵ
n.ʣ
A line of heroic verse.
һӢʫ
heroics Melodramatic behavior or language:
 heroics ׳飺׳Ϊԣ
We trust the House . . . will come up with answers without all the political heroics(Atlanta Constitution)
Ժǲ˿κ׳Ĵ𸴡(ܷ)
?
heroically
adv.ʣ
heroicalness
n.ʣ

= =
heroine
her.o.ine
AHD:[hr?-1n] 
D.J.[6her*&!n]
K.K.[6hWro!n]
n.ʣ
A woman noted for courage and daring action.
ŮӢۣηΪŮ
A woman noted for special achievement in a particular field.
ŮܳĳضɾͶŮ
The principal female character in a novel, poem, or dramatic presentation.
ŮǣһС˵ʫϷеҪŮԽɫ
?
Latin h??on?, h?r?ona} 
 h??on?, h?r?ona} 
from Greek h??in?} [feminine of] h?r?s [hero] * see  hero 
Դ ϣ h??in?}  [] h?r?sԴ [Ӣ] *μ hero
?
The wordhero  should no longer be regarded as restricted to men in the sense a person noted for courageous action,thoughheroine  is always restricted to women. The distinction 
betweenheroine  and hero  is still useful, however, in referring to the principal character of a fictional work, in as much as the virtues and qualities that become a traditional literary 
heroine like Elizabeth Bennet or Isabel Archer are generally quite different from those that become a traditional literary hero like Tom Jones or Huckleberry Finn.
hero Ӧýָˣ ΪС¸Ϊˡ˼heroine Ůˡ heroine  hero ֮鹹ƷеҪȻã 
ɯסػɯĴͳѧϵŮķ˹˱ѶĴͳѧϵǵƷʣһ˵кܴͬ

= =
hers
hers
AHD:[h?rz] 
D.J.[hT8z]
K.K.[hPz]
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to her:
ģָһ
If you can't find your hat, take hers.
Ҳñӣ
?
Middle English hires, hirs 
йӢ hires, hirs 
hire [her] * see  her 
hire [] *μ her
-es [possessive suff.] * see  -'s 1
-es [и׺] *μ -'s1

= =
herself
her.self
AHD:[h?r-slf] 
D.J.[hT86self]
K.K.[hP6sWlf]
pron.ʣ
That one identical with her:
Լ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or as the object of a preposition:
Լʵֱӻӻ߽ʵķ
She bought herself a new car. She sculpted a likeness of herself.
ΪԼһ³һԼĵ
Used for emphasis:
ˣǿ
She herself was certain of the facts.
˺ȷЩʵ
Used in an absolute construction:
Լڶṹ
In office herself, she helped him get a job.
ְʱ˷ݹ
Her normal or healthy condition or state:
Ļ򽡿״̬
She's feeling herself again.
ָָ
?
Middle English hire self 
йӢ hire self 
from Old English hire selfre [dative of] h?o self 
Դ Ӣ hire selfre  [] h?o self 
h?o [she] * see  she 
h?o [] *μ she
self [self] * see  self 
self [] *μ self

= =
hesitate
hes.i.tate
AHD:[hz1-t3t] 
D.J.[6hez!7te!t]
K.K.[6hWz!7tet]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hes.i.tat.ed,hes.i.tat.ing,hes.i.tates 
To be slow to act, speak, or decide.
ԥ¡˵ٻ
To pause in uncertainty; waver.
ͣ٣ڲȷͣҡ
To be reluctant.
Ը
To speak haltingly; falter.
֧᣺˵ͣͣٶ٣˵Ͱ
?
Latin haesit3e  haesit3t- [to hesitate] [frequentative of] haer?re [to hold fast] 
 haesit3e  haesit3t- [ԥ]  [] haer?reظ [ץס] 
?
hesitater
n.ʣ
hesitatingly
adv.ʣ
?
hesitate,vacillate,waver,falter
These verbs mean to be uncertain, irresolute, or indecisive.Tohesitate is to hold back or pause because of doubt or uncertainty, as about what to do or say:  
ЩΪ϶ѶϻԥHesitate ָΪɻȷ粻֪ʲô˵ʲôǰͣ  
A President either is constantly on top of events or, if he hesitates, events will soon be on top of him (Harry S Truman).
һλͳҪôؼԦ¼ҪôΪ¼ԦԥĻ S³ţ
 Vacillate  implies going back and forth between alternative,usually conflicting courses without making a final decision: 
 Vacillate  ζѡ֮ҡڲͨΪͻְ취ϣ 
She vacillated so long about attending the concert that when she decided to go, the tickets were sold out.
ΪǷȥֻ˺ܾãȥʱƱ۹ 
Waver  suggests a delay in taking action once a choice has been made,as if the decision were being reconsidered: 
Waver  ʾѡʵж¿ǾƵģ 
After much wavering he finally gave his permission. Tofalter  is to be unsteady in resolution or action, as from fear or loss of courage:  
ѳͬˡ Falter Ϊ»ȱжʱҡڲ  
The performer faltered in the middle of the show.
ڱеı֧֧ᡣ
The marine never faltered in his duty. 
λ½սʿִоʱδԥ 

= =
hi
hi
AHD:[ho] 
D.J.[ha!]
K.K.[ha!]
interj.Informal ̾ʣʽ 
Used to express greeting.
ڱʾʺ
?
HI
HI
abbr.
 Hawaii. 
Hawaii.
High intensity.
ܶ
Humidity index.
ʪָ

= =
hide
hide 1
AHD:[hod] 
D.J.[ha!d]
K.K.[ha!d]
v.ʣ
hid[h1d] hid.den[h1dn]   hid hid.ing,hides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or keep out of sight; secrete.
أѡδ
To prevent the disclosure or recognition of; conceal:
ñ֪ϳ
tried to hide the facts.
ͼʵ
To cut off from sight; cover up:
ڱΣǣ
Clouds hid the stars.
Ʋס
To avert (one's gaze), especially in shame or grief.
ܣأܿĳ˵ߣָʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To keep oneself out of sight.
Σڿĵط
To seek refuge.
Ѱұ
?
hide out
To be in hiding, as from a pursuer:
ܣǱ֮Զ׷ߣ
The gangsters hid out in a remote cabin until it was safe to return to the city.
ͽһƫƧСвֱܹȫس
?
Middle English hiden 
йӢ hiden 
from Old English htn * see  (s)keu- 
Դ Ӣ htn *μ (s)keu- 
?
hide,conceal,secrete,cache,screen,bury,cloak
These verbs mean to keep from the sight or knowledge of others.
Щʵ˼ʹ˿֪
 Hide   andconceal  are the most general and are often used interchangeably:  
 Hide  conceal ͨҾԻ  
I used a throw rug to hide (or conceal ) the stain on the carpet. 
С̺ conceal ) ̺ϵ۵ڸ 
Don't hide (or conceal ) your money in the cookie jarit's the first place a thief would look. 
ѣ conceal ) ǮڱͰȹ˵ĵط 
Fog hid (or concealed ) the mountain. 
סˣ concealed ) ɽ͡ 
She smiled to hide(or conceal ) her hurt feelings. 
΢ЦΣ conceal ) ˺ĸ顣 
The other America, the America of poverty, is hidden today (Michael Harrington). 
һƶ ˶٣ 
The true use of speech is not so much to express our wants as to conceal them (Oliver Goldsmith).
òǹرǵĿǡ 𡤸ʷ˹
 Secrete   andcache involve concealment in a place unknown to others; 
 Secrete  cache ָһΪ֪ĵط 
 cache  often implies storage for later use: 
 cache  ʾΪԺʹöأ 
The lioness secreted her cubs in the tall grass.
ĸʨӰ̲ܵĲݴС
The mountain climbers cached their provisions for the descent in a cave they could easily locate but that was inaccessible to animals. Toscreen  is to shield or block from the view of 
others by interposing something such as a screen:  
ɽǰɽƷɽʹ޷ȡöѰҡ Screen ˼Ӷʹ˿  
Tall shrubs screen the actor's home from the curious.
߸ߵĹľԵסԱסĺĿ⡣
Bury  implies covering over so as to conceal: 
Bury  ǴӶص˼ 
buried the treasure;
زƱ
buried his hands in his pockets;
ֲڴ
buried the point of the article in a mass of details. Tocloak  is to conceal something, such as a thought, a plan, or an intention, by masking or disguising it:  
µּһϸС Cloak ˼ͨαװڸĳ˼롢ƻͼ  
On previously cloaked issues, the Soviets have suddenly become forthcoming (John McLaughlin).See also Synonyms at  block 
ǰڵͻȻ Լ֣μͬ block
?
hide
hide 2
AHD:[hod] 
D.J.[ha!d]
K.K.[ha!d]
n.ʣ
The skin of an animal, especially the thick, tough skin or pelt of a large animal.
ƤƤָܡֲڵƤëƤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hid.ed,hid.ing,hides 
To beat severely; flog.
̢ʹ
?
hide nor hair
A trace; a vestige:
ټۼ
haven't seen hide nor hair of them since the argument.
ԴǴۺǵӰҲû
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English htd * see  (s)keu- 
Դ Ӣ htd *μ (s)keu- 
?
hide
hide 3
AHD:[hod] 
D.J.[ha!d]
K.K.[ha!d]
n.ʣ
An old English measure of land, usually the amount held adequate for one free family and its dependents.
ãɵӢزλһָһũ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hod * see  kei- 1
Դ Ӣ hod *μ kei- 1

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hierarchy
hi.er.ar.chy
AHD:[ho-r?rk?, hor?r-] 
D.J.[6ha!*7r$8ki8, 6ha!7r$8-]
K.K.[6ha!*7r$rki, 6ha!7r$r-]
n.ʣ
 hi.er.ar.chies 
A body of persons having authority.
ͳμţȨһȺ
Categorization of a group of people according to ability or status.
ֵ֣֣ȼλ˽з
The group so categorized.
ȼɭϵ֯취ֵļ
A series in which each element is graded or ranked:
ȴΣֵȼһϵ
put honesty first in her hierarchy of values.
ѳʵԼļֵȴεҪλ
A body of clergy organized into successive ranks or grades with each level subordinate to the one above.
ʿţֵȼĽʿţÿһһ֯
Religious rule by a group of ranked clergy.
ʿȼʵеڽͳ
One of the divisions of angels.
ʹļȼ
?
Middle English ierarchie 
йӢ ierarchie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin hierarchia 
Դ  hierarchia 
from Greek hierarkhia [rule of a high priest] 
Դ ϣ hierarkhia [̵ͳ] 
from hierarkh?s [high priest] * see  hierarch 
Դ hierarkh?s [] *μ hierarch

= =
high
high
AHD:[ho] 
D.J.[ha!]
K.K.[ha!]
adj.ݴʣ
high.er,high.est д h.,H.
Having a relatively great elevation; extending far upward:
ߵģԸ߶ȵģģ
a high mountain; a high tower.
ɽʵ
Extending a specified distance upward:
һ߶ȵģһضĸ߶ȵģ
a cabinet ten feet high.
ʮӢ߸ߵع
Being at or near the peak or culminating stage:
ӽڶ㼫޵ģ
the high tourist season; high summer.
ʢ
Advanced in development or complexity:
ߵȵģӵģչ̶ȻӶȸߵģ
high forms of animal life; higher mathematics.
̬ĸ߼ʽߵѧ
Far removed in time; remote:
ԶŵģԶģ
high antiquity.
Զʱ
Slightly spoiled or tainted; gamy. Used of meat.
ģ΢Ļʼʵģгζġ
Having a bad smell; malodorous.
ŵģ
Having a pitch corresponding to a relatively large number of sound-wave cycles per second:
ģÿϴѭӦģ
the high tones of a flute.
ѵĸ
Raised in pitch; not soft or hushed:
ģߵģ͵Ļྲģ
a high voice.

Situated relatively far from the equator:
Զģ
a high latitude.
γ
Of great importance:
Ҫģ
set a high priority on funding the housing program.
ѴסլƻʽΪȵĹ
Eminent in rank or status:
߽׵ģ߲ģλ߹ģ
a high official.
߼Ա
Serious; grave:
ģصģ
high crimes and misdemeanors.

Constituting a climax; crucial:
Ҫģ߳ģ
The chase scene is the high point of the film.
׷ⲿӰĸ߳
Characterized by lofty or stirring events or themes:
Զģ˼ģгߵĻ򼤶ĵ¼ģ
high adventure; high drama.
ĵðգ˵Ϸ
Lofty or exalted in quality or character:
еģ߹ģƷʻԸߵĻеģ
a person of high morals.
Ʒе
Greater than usual or expected, as in quantity, magnitude, cost, or degree:
ӴģƽԤڴģǿȡû̶ϵģ
A high price has to be paid for the happy marriage with the four healthy children(Doris Lessing)
õĸӵҸ븶߰ۡ(˿)
Favorable:
õģ
He has a high opinion of himself.
Լۺܸ
Of great force or violence:
ҵģǿģ
high winds.

Indicating excitement or euphoria:
˸߲ҵģ˷ܵģ
high spirits.
¸
Slang Intoxicated by or as if by alcohol or a drug, such as cocaine or marijuana.
ٵ ʹģ˵ģƷɿ˵
Luxurious; extravagant:
ݳ޵ģģ
high living.
ݳ޵
Linguistics Of or relating to vowels produced with part of the tongue close to the palate, as in the vowel oftree.  
ѧ ԪģһֵӲ񷢳Ԫtree еԪ 
Of, relating to, or being the gear configuration or setting, as in an automotive transmission, that produces the greatest vehicular speed with respect to engine speed.
ߵģܲڷٶȵٶȵĴװû豸ıٵ
adv.ʣ
higher,highest 
At, in, or to a lofty position, level, or degree:
λáˮƽ߶ȡ̶ȣߵأ
saw a plane high in the sky; prices that had gone too high.
߿Ǽܷɻ۸ֱ̫
In an extravagant or luxurious way:
ӻأݳ޵ġķʽ
made a fortune and lived high.
˺ݻ
n.ʣ
A lofty place or region.
ߴߵ
A lofty level or degree:
ˮƽ̶߳ȣ
Summer temperatures reached an all-time high.
´ﵽʷ߷
The high gear configuration of a transmission.
ĸߵ
A center of high atmospheric pressure; an anticyclone.
ѹģѹȦ
Slang An intoxicated or euphoric condition induced by or as if by a drug.
ٵ Ʒɵ˷ܻľ״̬
?
high and dry
In a position of helplessness; stranded:
¶أԮĴ޿أ
went off and left me high and dry.
ߵֻʣ޿
Nautical Out of water. Used of a ship, for example.
 ǳˮ֮⡣ڴֻ
high and low
Here and there; everywhere:

searched high and low for the keys.
Կ
on high
High in the sky.

In heaven.

In a position of authority.
Ȩλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?h 
Դ Ӣ h?h 
?
highly
adv.ʣ
?
high,tall,lofty,towering,elevated
These adjectives mean extending to a greater than usual height.
Щݴʵ˼ĸ߶ȡ
 High,  the most general term,refers to what rises a considerable distance from a base or is situated at a level well above another level considered as a base: 
 High  ͨĴʣǴӻ൱ĸ߶ȴڸڻ׵ˮƽ 
a high building;
¥
a high ceiling;
߸ߵ컨壻
a high shelf;
ߴļӣ
high standards.
ˮƽ
Tall  describes what has relatively great stature;it often refers to living things and to what has great height in relation to breadth or in comparison with like things: 
Tall  ָԴ壬һͬȽϸߵĻϿ 
a tall man;
߸ˣ
tall trees;

a tall hat.
ñ
Lofty  describes what is of imposing or inspiring height: 
Lofty  ʾͻġׯϵĸ߶ȣ 
lofty mountains;
ɽ룻
lofty sentiments.
ߵʢ顣
Towering  suggests awe-inspiring height: 
Towering  ʾ˾ĸ߶ȣ 
a towering oak;
ߴ
towering icebergs;
޴ıɽ
towering ambition.
Զı
Elevated  stresses height in relation to immediate surroundings;it refers principally to being raised or situated above a normal or average level: 
Elevated  ǿΧﷴĸ߶ȣҪָһƽĸ߶ȣ 
an elevated plain;
ԭ
elevated praise;
ܸߵ
elevated thought. 
ߵ˼ 

= =
highlight
high.light
AHD:[holot] 
D.J.[6ha!7la!t]
K.K.[6ha!7la!t]
n.ʣ
An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.
衢ͻƬеõյһһƬ
An especially significant or interesting detail or event.
ҪĻȤϸڻ¼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
high.light.ed,high.light.ing,high.lights 
To give a highlight to (the subject of a painting, for example).
ѡǿҵĹ䣨ͻģ
To make prominent; emphasize.
ʹԵҪǿ
To be a highlight of.
Ϊͻ
To mark (important passages of text) with a usually fluorescent marker as a means of memory retention or for later reference.
ʾǺţӫʱıҪĶ䣩ԱպҲο

= =
highway
high.way
AHD:[how3] 
D.J.[6ha!7we!]
K.K.[6ha!7we]
n.Abbr. hwy,hgwy.ʣд hwy,hgwy.
A main public road, especially one connecting towns and cities.
·ָСĹõ·

= =
hill
hill
AHD:[h1l] 
D.J.[h!l]
K.K.[h!l]
n.ʣ
A well-defined natural elevation smaller than a mountain.
Сɽɽԣ½ϾֲȻߵأСڴɽ
A small heap, pile, or mound.
һѣһС
A mound of earth piled around and over a plant.
СѣֲΧС
A plant thus covered.
ֲ
An incline, especially of a road; a slope.
¶ȣָ·б
Hill 
 Hill 
Capitol Hill. Often used withthe.  
ɽׯͨthe  
The U.S. Congress. Often used withthe.  
ᡣͨthe  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hilled,hill.ing,hills 
To form into a hill, pile, or heap.
𣬵
To cover (a plant) with a mound of soil.
ֲ
?
over the hillʽ
Past one's prime.
˥΢£ȫʢʱ
?
Middle English hil 
йӢ hil 
from Old English hyll * see  kel- 2
Դ Ӣ hyll *μ kel- 2
?
hiller
n.ʣ
?
Hill
HillAmbrose Powell (1825-1865)
NONE޴ԣ
American Confederate officer active in the Seven Days' Battle, the Second Battle of Bull Run, and the Battle of Antietam (all 1862). His charge began the Battle of Gettysburg (1863).
ϣ˹(1825-1865) ڲʱϷ˽죬μӡսۡڶβսԼķսۣ1862꣩1863ʲ͹˸
˹ս۵Ļ
?
Hill
HillArchibald Vivian (1886-1977)
NONE޴ԣ
British physiologist. He shared a 1922 Nobel Prize for his investigation of heat production in muscles and nerves.
ϣϣͶ¡άά(1886-1977) Ӣѧּ񾭵Ĳȹ1922һѧͬŵ
?
Hill
HillJames Jerome  Known as J.J. Hill.(1838-1916)
NONE޴ԣ
American railroad magnate who promoted the Great Northern Railway and with J.P. Morgan wrested control of the Northern Pacific Railroad from E.H. Harriman in a stock market struggle 
that provoked the Panic of 1901.
ϣղķ˹ķ(1838-1916) ·˱·JPĦһͬһιдEHжöԱ̫ƽ·ĿƣӶ1901
Ĵֻ

= =
hillside
hill.side
AHD:[h1lsod] 
D.J.[6h!l7sa!d]
K.K.[6h!l7sa!d]
n.ʣ
The side or slope of a hill, situated between the foot and the summit.
ɽ£ɽɽ֮Ĳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
hillside villas; a hillside village.
ɽ±ɽ´ׯ
?
Hillside
Hill.side
AHD:[h1lsod] 
D.J.[6h!l7sa!d]
K.K.[6h!l7sa!d]
NONE޴ԣ
A community of northeast New Jersey north of Elizabeth. It has varied light industries. Population, 21,044.
ϣ£ݶһλɯױиṤҵ˿21,044

= =
him
him
AHD:[h1m] 
D.J.[h!m]
K.K.[h!m]
pron.ʣ
 heıʽ 
Used as the direct object of a verb:
ʵֱӱ
They saw him at the meeting.
ڻϿ
Used as the indirect object of a verb:
ʵĴʽӱ
They offered him a ride.
һ
Used as the object of a preposition:
ʱ
This telephone call is for him.
绰
Informal Used as a predicate nominative:
ʽ ñ
It's him.See Usage Note at I 1
μ I1
n.ʣ
A male:
ˣԣԣ
The dog is a him.
һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ *μ ko- 

= =
himself
him.self
AHD:[h1m-slf] 
D.J.[h!m6self]
K.K.[h!m6sWlf]
pron.ʣ
That one identical with him:
Լͬһˣhim)
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the object of a preposition:
ԼΪʣʵֱӱӱʱ
He congratulated himself.
Լף
Used for emphasis:
ˣΪǿǿ
He himself found the courage.
Լҵ
Used in an absolute construction:
ڶṹУ
In the black himself, he could offer financial assistance to his cousin.
ܸıṩԮ
His normal or healthy condition or state:
򽡿״̬
He's feeling himself again.See Usage Note at myself 
ָ˽μ myself
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English himselfum 
Դ Ӣ himselfum 
him [him] * see  him 
him [] *μ him
selfum [dative of] self [self] * see  self 
selfum  [] self [Լ] *μ self

= =
hinder
hinder 1
AHD:[h1ndr] 
D.J.[6h!nd*]
K.K.[6h!nd+]
v.ʣ
hin.dered,hin.der.ing,hin.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be or get in the way of.
谭
To obstruct or delay the progress of.
谭򵢸顭Ĺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To interfere with action or progress.
谭谭жչ
?
Middle English hindren 
йӢ hindren 
from Old English hindrian * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ hindrian *μ ko- 
?
hinderer
n.ʣ
?
hinder,hamper,impede,obstruct,block,dam,bar
These verbs mean to slow or prevent progress or movement. To
Щʵ˼ʹ̡ûѡ
 hinder  is to hold back, as by delaying: 
 Hinder  ˼ͨӳٵķԷ 
The travelers were hindered by storms throughout their journey. Often the word implies stopping or prevention: 
һ·ϱ谭 ʾζֹֹͣ 
What is to hinder you from trying? Tohamper  is to hinder by or as if by fastening or entangling:  
ʲôֹ㳢ԣ Hamper ˼ͨϵס  
A suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the accident victim to swim to safety.
װʹ谭¹ܺεȫشŬ
She was hampered by ill health in building up her business. Toimpede  is to slow by making action or movement difficult:  
Ľ״Լҵ Impede ˼ͨʹжѶӻչ  
Sentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the pursuit of truth (Macaulay).
ºͿ̸ֻ谭׷ 
 Obstruct   implies the presence of obstacles that interfere with progress: 
 Obstruct  ʾиŻֹǰϰĴڣ 
A building under construction obstructs our view of the mountains.
¥סԶɽߡ
One of the mugger's accomplices tried to obstruct the police officer from upholding the law.
ٷһͬͼӾάɡ
Block  refers to complete obstruction that prevents progress, passage, or action: 
Block  ʾȫ赲˽̡ͨж 
A huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the driveway.
ѩרõڡ
Do not block the way of inquiry (Charles S. Peirce).
Ҫѯʡ ˹Sɶ˹
 Dam  suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or release of something, such as water or emotion: 
 Dam  ʾֹĳ̻ͷţˮ飩 
dammed the brook to form a swimming pool;
סСϪһӾأ
dammed up his emotions. Tobar is to prevent entry or exit or prohibit a course of action:  
ס Bar ָֹڻڣֹΪ̣  
mounted troops barring access to the presidential palace;
ͨͳĵ·
laws that bar price fixing. 
ֹù̶۵ķ 
?
hinder
hinder 2
AHD:[hondr] 
D.J.[6ha!nd*]
K.K.[6ha!nd+]
adj.ݴʣ
Variant of hind 1
 hindı1

= =
hinge
hinge
AHD:[h1nj] 
D.J.[h!nd9]
K.K.[h!nd9]
n.ʣ
A jointed or flexible device that allows the turning or pivoting of a part, such as a door or lid, on a stationary frame.
ҶһӻתװãʹŻڹ̶Ͽɽ԰ڶ
A similar structure or part, such as one that enables the valves of a bivalve mollusk to open and close.
ƽװãƵĽṹ򲿷֣ʹ˫嶯ĿſպϵĹؽ
A small folded paper rectangle gummed on one side, used especially to fasten stamps in an album.
ˮֽС鱡ֽרƱ̶ڼʲ
A point or circumstance on which subsequent events depend.
ؼת۵㣺һַչĳ
v.ʣ
hinged,hing.ing,hing.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attach by or equip with or as if with hinges or a hinge.
װýӺ
To consider or make (something) dependent on something else; predicate:
ʹʹڣǻĳ£ڣ
convenient and misleading fictions for hinging an argument(Stephen Jay Gould)
۵ļ׵ģ󵼵С˵(˹ٷҡܡŶ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be contingent on a single factor; depend:
ڵһ״ȡڣ
This plan hinges on her approval.
ƻȡͬ
?
Middle English * see  konk- 
йӢ *μ konk- 

= =
hint
hint
AHD:[h1nt] 
D.J.[h!nt]
K.K.[h!nt]
n.ʣ
A slight indication or intimation:
΢ıʾ
wanted to avoid any hint of scandal.
Ҫκγŵļ
A brief or indirect suggestion; a tip:
ʾעӵĽ飻ʾ
stock-trading hints.
Ʊע
A statement conveying information in an indirect fashion; a clue:
ʾӵشĳһϢĻʾ
Give me a hint about the big news.
شŸһ㰵ʾ
A barely perceptible amount:
΢ ۼ
just a hint of color.
Щ΢ɫ
Archaic An occasion; an opportunity.
 ᣻ʱ
v.ʣ
hint.ed,hint.ing,hints 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To indicate or make known in an indirect manner.
ʾԼӵķʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a hint:
ʾʾ
wouldn't hint at the true purpose of the meeting.See Synonyms at suggest 
͸¶ĿĲμ suggest
?
Probably from Middle English hinten, henten [to catch, grasp] 
Դ йӢ hinten, henten [ץס] 
from Old English hentan 
Դ Ӣ hentan 
?
hinter
n.ʣ

= =
hire
hire
AHD:[hor] 
D.J.[ha!*]
K.K.[ha!r]
v.ʣ
hired,hir.ing,hires 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To engage the services of (a person) for a fee; employ:
ӶǮʹãĳ˵ģ񣻹Ӷ
hired a new clerk.
ӶһְԱ
To engage the temporary use of for a fee; rent:
ãǮʱʹĳã
hire a car for the day.
һ
To grant the services of or the temporary use of for a fee:
⣬ʱӶΪ˻ýǮṩĳʱʹȨ
hired himself out as a cook; hired out the cottage for the summer.
ӶʦС˳ȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To obtain work:
õ
She hired on as a deck hand. He hired out as a photographer.
ҵһͨˮֵĹܹӰʦ
n.ʣ
The act of hiring.
ӶӶΪ
The condition or fact of being hired.
ܹܹͣ͵״̬ʵ
Payment for services; wages.
𣻹Ǯ
Payment for the use of something.
Ϊʹĳ֧ķ
Informal One who is hired:
ʽ Ӷˣ
two new hires in the sales department.
۲¹Ա
?
Middle English hiren 
йӢ hiren 
from Old English htn 
Դ Ӣ htn 
?
hirable  
hireable
adj.ݴʣ
hirer
n.ʣ

= =
his
his
AHD:[h1z] 
D.J.[h!z]
K.K.[h!z]
adj.ݴʣ
 heиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ģʵδʣ
his boots; his accomplishments.
ѥӣĳɾ
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to him:
ģʾһ򼸼
If you can't find your hat, take his.
Ҳñӣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ *μ ko- 

= =
historian
his.to.ri.an
AHD:[h1-st?r?-n, -st?r-, -st?r-] 
D.J.[h!6st%8ri8*n, -6st*&r-, -6stKr-]
K.K.[h!6st%ri*n, -6stor-, -6st$r-]
n.Abbr. hist.ʣд hist.
A writer, student, or scholar of history.
ʷѧңоʷѧѧ߻дʷĵ
One who writes or compiles a chronological record of events; a chronicler:
ʷңдʷˣʷң
The historian, registering the facts beyond doubt, and in their context, cannot but also judge(Robert Conquest)
ʷѧҼ¼ЩɵʵԴҲֻھжϡ(޲ء˹)

= =
historic
his.tor.ic
AHD:[h1-st?r1k, -st?r-] 
D.J.[h!6st%8r!k, -6stKr-]
K.K.[h!6st%r!k, -6st$r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Having importance in or influence on history.
ʷҪģʷӰ
Historical.
ʷģʷϵ
?
Historic and historical are differentiated in usage, though their senses overlap.Historic refers to what is important in history:  
Historic  historical صĵط ÷Historic ָʷҪģ  
the historic first voyage to outer space. 
ʷ״̫С 
It is also used of what is famous or interesting because of its association with persons or events in history: 
ҲЩʷ¼ϵȤ 
a historic house.
ʾӡ
Historicalrefers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not:  
HistoricalָҪڹȥڵ  
a historical character.
ʷ
Historicalrefers also to anything concerned with history or the study of the past:  
HistoricalҲָʷԹȥойص  
a historical novel;
ʷС˵
historical discoveries. 
ʷ֡ 
The differentiation between the words is not complete.They are often used interchangeably:historic times or historical times.  
ʲǽȻͬġǾɻãhistoric times  historical times  

= =
historical
his.tor.i.cal
AHD:[h1-st?r1-kl, -st?r-] 
D.J.[h!6st%8r!k*l, -6stKr-]
K.K.[h!6st%r!k*l, -6st$r-]
adj.Abbr. hist.ݴʣд hist.
Of or relating to the character of history.
ʷģڻйʷ
Based on or concerned with events in history.
ʷ¼ģڻʷ¼йص
Used in the past:
ȥùģ
historical costumes; historical weapons.
ŴװŴ
Important or famous in history.See Usage Note at historic 
ʷҪĲμ historic
Diachronic.
ʱģʷ
?
historically
adv.ʣ
historicalness
n.ʣ

= =
history
his.to.ry
AHD:[h1st-r?] 
D.J.[6h!st*ri8]
K.K.[6h!st*ri]
n.ʣ
 his.to.ries д hist.
A narrative of events; a story.
ʷ¼ļ𣻹
A chronological record of events, as of the life or development of a people or an institution, often including an explanation of or commentary on those events:
ʷ£ʱ˳¼ƶȵ¼ķչͨЩ¼Ľͻۣ
The queens in history compare favorably with the kings(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
ʷϵĻʺͬϲ(ɯסϡ˹̹)
A formal written account of related natural phenomena:
ʷ¼ȻȽʽ¼
a history of volcanoes.
ɽ־
A record of a patient's medical background.
ʷҽļ¼
The branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past events:
ʷѧ¼ͷȥѧƣ
History has a long-range perspective(Elizabeth Gurley Flynn)
ʷ볤Զؿ(ɯס)
The events forming the subject matter of a historical account.
ʷ¼ʷ¼¼
Something that belongs to the past:
£ڹȥ£
Their troubles are history now.
ǵ鷳ѹȥ
An interesting past:
ȤĹȥ
a house with a history.
һһʷķ
A drama based on historical events:
ʷ磺ʷ¼Ϸ磺
the histories of Shakespeare.
ɯʿǵʷ
?
Middle English histoire 
йӢ histoire 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin historia 
Դ  historia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from historein [to inquire] 
Դ historein [ѯ] 
from hist?r [learned man] * see  weid- 
Դ hist?r [ѧʵ] *μ weid- 

= =
hit
hit
AHD:[h1t] 
D.J.[h!t]
K.K.[h!t]
v.ʣ
hit,hit.ting,hits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come into contact with forcefully; strike:
ײ
The car hit the guardrail.
ײ˻
To reach with or as if with a blow:
Ϯ
The bullet hit the police officer in the shoulder.
ǹ˾ٵļ
To cause to come into contact:
ʹ
She hit her hand against the wall.
ִǽ
To deal a blow to.

To strike with a missile:
Уӵ
fired and hit the target.
ǹĿ
To press or push (a key or button, for example):
ƣ磬ť
hit the return key by mistake.
س
Sports 
˶ 
To reach with a propelled object:
ʹסʹסƽ壺
hit the running back with a pass.
еĺ
To score in this way:
ַʽ÷֣
She hit the winning goal.
ŵ÷
To perform (a shot or maneuver) successfully:
ɹʵУɹʵУԣ
couldn't hit the jump shot.
Ͷδ÷
To propel with a stroke or blow:
Դķʽƽ
hit the ball onto the green.
ƺϵ
Baseball 
 
To execute (a base hit) successfully:
򣺳ɹʵУ򣩣
hit a single.
һݰ
To bat against (a pitcher or kind of pitch) successfully:
ɹУɹػͶһͶ
can't hit a slider.
δܻǸٱ仯
To affect, especially adversely:
ָӰ죺
The company was hit hard by the recession.
˾ܾӰ
Informal To come upon or discover, especially by chance:
ʽ ָżȻ֣
finally hit the right exit.
ҵȷĳ
Informal To attain or reach:
ʽ ȡﵽ
Monthly sales hit a new high. She hit 40 on her last birthday.
۴ﵽһ¸߳ϴιʱ40
To accord with; suit:
һ£ʣ
The idea hit my fancy.
۵ҵ뷨һ
To produce or represent accurately:
ȷֻ֣
trying to hit the right note.
Ŭҵȷ
Games To deal cards to.
Ϸ ƣ
Slang To give a drink of liquor or a dose of a narcotic to.
ٵ һƻһҩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike or deal a blow.

To come into contact with something; collide.
ĳӴͻ
To attack:
Ϯ
The raiders hit at dawn.
ͻϮԱڷʱַϮ
To happen or occur:
ֻ
The storm hit without warning.
籩Ԥ׵
To achieve or find something desired or sought:
ɣҵûҵҪѰĶ
finally hit on the answer; hit upon a solution to the problem.
ҵ˴𰸣Ѱ˽ķ
Baseball To bat.
 򣩻
To ignite a mixture of air and fuel in the cylinders. Used of an internal-combustion engine.
ȼڵȼ
n.Abbr. h,h.ʣд h,h.
A collision or an impact.
ײײ
A successfully executed shot, blow, thrust, or throw.
ɹط䡢ӡ
A successful or popular venture:
ɹĻһʱͶ
a Broadway hit.
ϻŵϷ
An apt or effective remark.
Ƥŷ
Baseball A base hit.
 
Slang 
ٵ 
A dose of a narcotic drug.
Ʒһμ
A puff of a cigarette or a marijuana cigarette or pipe.
̶̡һ
Slang A murder planned and carried out usually by a member of an underworld syndicate.
ٵ ıɱͨһ·ＯųԱ߻еıɱ
?
hit on ٵ
To pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to:
ԣע⣺Էܻͨӭע⣺
can't go into a bar lately without being hit on.
ֻҪȥưɣûвܵע
hit up ٵ
To approach and ask (someone) for something, especially for money:
ҪָӽĳˣҪǮ
tried to hit me up for a loan.
ͼҴ
?
hit it bigٵ
To be successful:
ɹ
investors who hit it big on the stock market.
ͶڹƱгϻ˳ɹ
hit it offʽ
To get along well together.
ؽദúܺ
hit (someone) over the headʽ
To be so repetitive or obvious as to become redundant or insulting:
ظԱö
We were simply hit over the head by the poet's misogynistic imagery.
ֻǶλʫӼŮԵĻеᷳ
hit the booksʽ
To study, especially with concentrated effort.
ָ̿ѧϰ
hit the bottleٵ
To engage in drinking alcoholic beverages.
Ҿ
hit the fanٵ
To have serious, usually adverse consequences.
ͨĺ
hit the ground runningʽ
To begin a venture with great energy, involvement, and competence.
ͶʼԼľͶܿʼһҵ
hit the hay 
hit the sack ٵ
To go to bed:
ȥ˯
hit the hay well before midnight.
ҹǰ˯
hit the high points 
hit the high spots
To direct attention to the most important points or places.
עҪ㣺עҪط
hit the jackpot
To become highly and unexpectedly successful, especially to win a great deal of money.
󷢺ƣĺĳɹָӮһǮ
hit the nail on the head
To be absolutely right.
ȷ
hit the roadٵ
To set out, as on a trip; leave.
г뿪
hit the roof 
hit the ceiling ٵ
To express anger, especially vehemently.
ָȻŭ
hit the spot
To give total or desired satisfaction, as food or drink.
ȫ㹻ʳ
?
Middle English hitten 
йӢ hitten 
from Old English hyttan 
Դ Ӣ hyttan 
from Old Norse hitta 
Դ ˹ά hitta 
?
hitless
adj.ݴʣ
hittable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
hitherto
hith.er.to
AHD:[h1Yr-t?, h1Yr-t?] 
D.J.[6h!H*7tu8, 7h!H*6tu8]
K.K.[6h!H+7tu, 7h!H+6tu]
adv.ʣ
Until this time:
񣺵ĿǰΪֹ
The weather, which had hitherto been sunny and mild, suddenly turned cold.
һֱůͻȻ

= =
hobby
hobby 1
AHD:[h?b?] 
D.J.[6hKbi8]
K.K.[6h$bi]
n.ʣ
 hob.bies 
An activity or interest pursued outside one's regular occupation and engaged in primarily for pleasure.
ҵమãͨΪ˸ְҵ֮еĻȤ
?
Middle English hobi, hobyn [small horse, hobby horse] 
йӢ hobi, hobyn [Сҡľ] 
perhaps from Hobin, Hobby 
Դ Hobin, Hobby 
nickname for Robert 
 RobertĴº 
?
hobbyist
n.ʣ
?
hobby
hobby 2
AHD:[h?b?] 
D.J.[6hKbi8]
K.K.[6h$bi]
n.ʣ
 hob.bies 
Any of several small falcons of the genusFalco,  formerly used for catching small birds or game. 
һԭڲԵ ɽ 
?
Middle English hobi 
йӢ hobi 
from Old French hobe, hobel 
Դ ŷ hobe, hobel 
?
Hobby
Hob.by
AHD:[h?b?] Oveta Culp (Born 1905) 
D.J.[6hKbi8]
K.K.[6h$bi]
NONE޴ԣ
American public official. She was the first director of the Women's Army Corps (1943-1945) and the first secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1953-1955).
ȣգ( 1905) Ա½ŮӶӳ1943-1945꣩ͽ͸ŵĵһ飨1953-1955꣩

= =
hoist
hoist
AHD:[hoist] 
D.J.[h%!st]
K.K.[h%!st]
v.ʣ
hoist.ed,hoist.ing,hoists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a mechanical apparatus.See Synonyms at lift 
ƾеװþμ lift
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become raised or lifted.
̧
n.ʣ
An apparatus for lifting heavy or cumbersome objects.
ػѴ豸
The act of hoisting; a lift.
Ϊ
Nautical 
 
The height or vertical dimension of a flag or of any square sail other than a course.
ľ֮ᷫĺᷫĸ߶Ȼֱ
A group of flags raised together as a signal.
Ϊźһһ
?
Alteration of dialectal hoise 
  hoiseı仯 
perhaps variant of Middle English hisse [heave!] 
Ϊ йӢ hisseı [] 
possibly from Middle Dutch hissen [to haul] 
Դ йź hissen [] 
?
hoister
n.ʣ

= =
hole
hole
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[h*&l]
K.K.[hol]
n.ʣ
A cavity in a solid.
ϵĶ
An opening or a perforation:
ڻСף
a hole in the clouds.
Ʋʵȱ
Sports An opening in a defensive formation, especially the area of a baseball infield between the third base player and the shortstop.
˶ ȱڣ©ָϵֺλ֮еȱ
A fault or flaw:
ȱݣ
There are holes in your argument.
֤©
A deep place in a body of water.
ˮ
An animal's hollowed-out habitation, such as a burrow.
ѨпյĶѨض
An ugly, squalid, or depressing dwelling.
Ͼӣªѹֵľס
A deep or isolated place of confinement; a dungeon.
ΣΣľأ
An awkward situation; a predicament.
ѵĴ
Sports 
˶ 
The small pit lined with a cup into which a golf ball must be hit.
߶򶴣һӵС߶뱻Ĵ
One of the divisions of a golf course, from tee to cup.
·ߣӸ߶򶴵һ
Physics A vacant position in a crystal left by the absence of an electron, especially a position in a semiconductor that acts as a carrier of positive electric charge.Also called  In this 
sense, also called electron hole 
ѧ ѨھûеӶɵĿλָڰ뵼пɵʹõĿλҲ  ڴҲɳ electron hole
v.ʣ
holed,hol.ing,holes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a hole in.
ڡڿ
To put or propel into a hole.
ѡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a hole in something.
䶴ĳд
?
hole out ˶
To hit a golf ball into the hole.
Ѹ߶붴
hole up
To hibernate in or as if in a hole.
ڶݾ
Informal To take refuge in or as if in a hideout.
ʽ ڶѨбѻ
?
hole in one˶
The driving of a golf ball from the tee into the hole in only one stroke.
һ˻Уһ˾ͰѸ߶붴
in the hole
Having a score below zero.
һ
In debt.
ծ
At a disadvantage.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hol * see  kel- 1
Դ Ӣ hol *μ kel- 1
?
hole,hollow,cavity,pocket
These nouns refer to an unfilled or empty space.
ЩָδĻհ׵ĵط
 Hole   is applicable to an opening in or a perforation through a solid body: 
 Hole  ָϵĿڻСף 
dug a hole in the earth and planted the seed;
ڵڸӣ
a hole in the bow of the ship made by a torpedo.
ڴͷһ
Hollow   denotes an unfilled area in a solid body or a dent or depression on a surface: 
Hollow  ָδĶϵİۻ룺 
a hollow in the ground where ivy grows;
ϵݵﳤų٣
marble steps with hollows worn by footsteps. Acavity  is a hollow or hollow area within a solid body or object:  
ʯ߳Ľӡ Cavity ָڲİ  
a cavity in a molar;
ʳĿն
the cranial cavity.
ǻ
Pocket  is applied to a cavity in the earth, as one containing a mineral deposit,or to an isolated cavity or area that contains foreign or contrasting matter: 
Pocket  ָزؿпյĶָìʵĸĿѨ 
pockets of manganese in the rock;
ʯк̵Ŀ㣻
a plane that plunged into a pocket of turbulence;
ɻˤģ
pockets of unemployment in an otherwise affluent society. 
ԵúܸԣһЩʧҵĲ 

= =
holiday
hol.i.day
AHD:[h?l1-d3] 
D.J.[6hKl!7de!]
K.K.[6h$l!7de]
n.ʣ
A day on which custom or the law dictates a halting of general business activity to commemorate or celebrate a particular event.
գϰֹܹͣͨҵףĳһض¼
A religious feast day; a holy day.
ڽ̽գʥ
A day free from work that one may spend at leisure; a day off.
գǿɲϾӣݼ
Chiefly British A vacation.
Ӣ 
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
holiday cheer; holiday travelers.
ռȣο
v.intr.ﶯʣ
holi.dayed,holi.day.ing,holi.days Ӣ 
To pass a holiday or vacation.
ȼٻݼ
?
Middle English holidai [holy day] 
йӢ holidai [ʥһ] 
from Old English h3g 
Դ Ӣ h3g 
h3g [holy] * see  holy 
h3g [ʥ] *μ holy
d?g [day] * see  day 
d?g [] *μ day
?
holidayer
n.ʣ
?
Holiday
Hol.i.day
AHD:[h?l1-d3] 
D.J.[6hKl!7de!]
K.K.[6h$l!7de]
NONE޴ԣ
A community of west-central Florida on the Gulf of Mexico northwest of Tampa. Population, 15,400.
һٽī壬λ̹˿15,400
?
Holiday
HolidayEleanora  Known as Billie.(1915-1959)
NONE޴ԣ
American singer. The emotional intensity of her performances made Holiday the leading female jazz vocalist of her time.
죬ŵ(1915-1959) ֣бݳʹΪʱĶŮԾʿָ

= =
hollow
hol.low
AHD:[h?l?] 
D.J.[6hKl*&]
K.K.[6h$lo]
adj.ݴʣ
hol.low.er,hol.low.est 
Having a cavity, gap, or space within:
յģпյģڡһѷռ䣺
a hollow wall.
пյǽ
Deeply indented or concave; sunken:
ģݵģĳӡģڿյģ
His bearded face already has a set, hollow look(Conor Cruise O'Brien)
һֿ͵顱(ɡ³˹²)
Without substance or character:
ûںģԸģ
a hollow person.See Synonyms at vain 
ں˲μ vain
Devoid of truth or validity; specious:
նģȱʵЧģͽģ
Theirs is at best a hollow form of flattery(Annalyn Swan)
еĳҲǿնķС(˹)
Having a reverberating, sepulchral sound:
صصģ
hollow footsteps.
ƵĽŲ
n.ʣ
A cavity, gap, or space:
ݵأѨյأ
a hollow behind a wall.
ǽݵ
An indented or concave surface or area.See Synonyms at hole 
ݣݵأıμ hole
A void; an emptiness:
նհף
a hollow in one's life.
еĿհ
Also hol.ler [h?lr] Appalachian Mountains A small valley between mountains.
 Ҳ hol.ler [h?lr] ɽ ɽȣɽ֮İ
v.ʣ
hol.lowed,hol.low.ing,hol.lows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make hollow:
ڿգ
hollow out a pumpkin.
ڿϹ
To scoop or form by making concave:
ڶͨγɰڻƣ
hollow out a nest in the sand.
ɳڳһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become hollow or empty.
գɿ
?
Middle English holwe, holowe 
йӢ holwe, holowe 
from holgh [hole, burrow]  influenced by hole [hollow] 
Դ holgh []   holeӰ [пյ] 
from Old English holh * see  kel- 1
Դ Ӣ holh *μ kel- 1
?
hollowly
adv.ʣ
hollowness
n.ʣ

= =
holy
ho.ly
AHD:[h?l?] 
D.J.[6h*&li8]
K.K.[6holi]
adj.ݴʣ
ho.li.er,ho.li.est 
Belonging to, derived from, or associated with a divine power; sacred.
ģʥģڡԴڻйģʥ
Regarded with or worthy of worship or veneration; revered:
ֵ𾴵ģֵƳģܳݻֵó羴صģ𾴵ģ
a holy book.
һֵƳ
Living according to a strict or highly moral religious or spiritual system; saintly:
ʥģʥͽģرϸڽ̻ģʥģ
a holy person.
ʥ
Specified or set apart for a religious purpose:
ڽ̵ģʥģָ빩ڽʹã
a holy place.
ʥĵط
Solemnly undertaken; sacrosanct:
ʥַģʥģ
a holy pledge.
ʥ
Regarded or deserving special respect or reverence:
ɾģصģΪֵرصĻصģ
The pursuit of peace is our holiest quest.
Ժƽ׷ֵþ
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ǿĴʣ
raised holy hell over the mischief their children did.
ԺӵΪΪջ
?
Middle English holi 
йӢ holi 
from Old English h3g * see  kailo- 
Դ Ӣ h3g *μ kailo- 
?
holily
adv.ʣ
holiness
n.ʣ

= =
home
home
AHD:[h?m] 
D.J.[h*&m]
K.K.[hom]
n.ʣ
A place where one lives; a residence.
ңסլ˾סĵطסլ
The physical structure within which one lives, such as a house or an apartment.
ңס˾סڵʽṹһӻһ乫Ԣ
A dwelling place together with the family or social unit that occupies it; a household.
ͥ壺һԼеļͥᵥλͥ
An environment offering security and happiness.
ӻ谲ȫͿֵĻ
A valued place regarded as a refuge or place of origin.
ԴΪصмֵĵط
The place, such as a country or town, where one was born or has lived for a long period.
磬һĳ˳ĵطһһ
The native habitat, as of a plant or animal.
ԭأһֲֶԭϢ
The place where something is discovered, founded, developed, or promoted; a source.
Դأĳﱻ֡ҵչƶĵطԴ
A headquarters; a home base.
ܲӪ
Baseball Home plate.
 
Games Home base.
Ϸ յ
An institution where people are cared for:
˽пĻ
a home for the elderly.
Ժ
Computer Science The starting position of the cursor on a computer screen, usually in the upper left corner of the screen.
ѧ ʼλԭ㣺ĻϹʼλãͨĻϽ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a home, especially to one's household or house:
ҵģңĳ˵ļҾӻйصģ
home cooking; home furnishings.
ҳˣҾ
Taking place in the home:
ģڼзģ
home care for the elderly.
˵ļͥ
Of, relating to, or being a place of origin or headquarters:
ԴصģԴصġӪģ뷢ԴػӪйصģ
the home office.
ܹ˾
Sports Relating to a team's sponsoring institution or to the place where it is franchised:
˶ ģӵģ˶ӵϽйصģ
a home game; the home field advantage.

Of, relating to, or being the keys used as base positions for the fingers in touch-typing:
ģַΪλõļйصģΪģ
The home row on a standard keyboard consists of the keys for A, S, D, F, J, K, L, and ;.
һ׼ϵĻASDFJKLͣȼ
adv.ʣ
At, to, or toward the direction of home:
ڼؼңȥ
going home for lunch.
ؼҳ緹
On or into the point at which something is directed:
ĿأлĳԵһ㣺
The arrow struck home.
ֱĿ
To the center or heart of something; deeply:
ĵأأֱĻҪأ
Your comments really hit home.
ȷʵǡҪ
v.ʣ
homed,hom.ing,homes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or return to one's residence or base of operations.
ؼңػأȥصĳ˵ľ
To be guided to a target automatically, as by means of radio waves.
Զͨߵ粨ԶĳһĿ
To move or lead toward a goal:
Ŀ꣺ĳһĿƶͨĳһĿ꣺
The investigators were homing in on the truth.
ڽӽʵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To guide (a missile or an aircraft) to a target automatically.
ԶĿ꣺ѣɵԶĳһĿ
?
at home
Available to receive visitors:
ɴ͵ģ
at home on Thursdays.
Ŀɴ
Comfortable and relaxed; at ease:
ʵĺɵģݵģ
at home in diplomatic circles.
⽻
Feeling an easy competence and familiarity:
ʤεģģ
at home in French.
Է
home free
Free of tension or stress, usually after expending considerable effort:
ɣѽźѹָ߾ȫ
met the schedule and was home free.
ɼƻеΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h3m * see  tkei- 
Դ Ӣ h3m *μ tkei- 

= =
homogeneous
ho.mo.ge.ne.ous
AHD:[h?m-j?n?-s, -j?nys] 
D.J.[7h*&m*6d9i8ni8*s, -6d9i8nj*s]
K.K.[7hom*6d9ini*s, -6d9inj*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Of the same or similar nature or kind:
ֵͬģƵģͬĻƵʣ
a tight-knit, homogeneous society(James Fallows)
һͬᡱ(ղķ˹˹)
Uniform in structure or composition throughout.
ͬʵģڽṹ򹹳ϵĳһ
Mathematics Consisting of terms of the same degree or elements of the same dimension.
ѧ ԣȣͬݵͬԪص
?
From Medieval Latin homogeneus 
Դ  homogeneus 
from Greek homogen?s 
Դ ϣ homogen?s 
homo- [homo-] 
homo- [ǰ׺ʾͬ] 
genos [kind] * see  heterogeneous 
genos [] *μ heterogeneous
?
homogeneously
adv.ʣ
homogeneousness
n.ʣ

= =
honest
hon.est
AHD:[?n1st] 
D.J.[6Kn!st]
K.K.[6$n!st]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by or displaying integrity; upright:
ֱģʾֱģʵģ
an honest lawyer.
һֱʦ
Not deceptive or fraudulent; genuine:
ʵģƭԵģʵģ
honest weight.
ʵ
Equitable; fair:
ģĹƽģ
honest wages for an honest day's work.
һĳʵͶĹƽ
Characterized by truth; not false:
ʵΪصģģ
honest reporting.
ʵ
Sincere; frank:
ϵģ̹ʵģ
an honest critique.
̹ʵ
Of good repute; respectable.
ŵģɿģõģ𾴵
Without affectation; plain:
ģʵģ
honest folk.
ӵ
Virtuous; chaste.
ееģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French honeste 
Դ ŷ honeste 
from Latin honestus [honorable] 
Դ  honestus [ٵ] 
from hon?s [honor] 
Դ hon?s [] 

= =
honesty
hon.es.ty
AHD:[?n1-st?] 
D.J.[6Kn!sti8]
K.K.[6$n!sti]
n.ʣ
 hon.es.ties 
The quality or condition of being honest; integrity.
ʵʵʻ״ֱ̬
Truthfulness; sincerity:
ʵϣ
in all honesty.
˵ʵ
Archaic Chastity.
 
Botany A European plant(Lunaria annua)  cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round, flat, papery, silver-white seedpods. Also called  In this sense, also called money plant 
,satin flower ,silver dollar 
ֲѧ һлһŷֲһл һл ֵɫĻͱԲġɫֽʼԹ Ҳ  ڴҲɳ money plant,satin 
flower,silver dollar
?
honesty,honor,integrity,probity,rectitude
These nouns denote the quality of being upright in principle and action.
ЩʱʾԭжϵֱƷʡ
 Honesty  implies truthfulness, fairness in dealing with others,and refusal to engage in fraud, deceit, or dissembling: 
 Honesty  ʾദʱʵ͹ƽܾƭթ٣ 
Honesty is the best policy.
ʵΪϲߡ
Honor  implies principled uprightness of character and a worthy adherence to a strict moral or ethical code: 
Honor  ʾԸԭԵֱϸĵº׼Ŀɾ֣ 
Never give in except to convictions of honor and good sense (Winston S. Churchill).
ȴжϵȷⲻҪκ ˹١𼪶
 Integrity  is moral soundness,especially as it is revealed in dealings that test steadfastness of purpose, responsibility, or trust: 
 Integritry  ָ½ȫڿĿļᶨĺθеΪУ 
Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful (Samuel Johnson).
û֪ʶֱãȱֱе֪ʶΣն¡ ѶԼѷ
 Probity  is proven integrity: 
 Probity  Ǳ֤˵ֱ 
A judge must be a person of unquestioned probity.
ٱǸ޿ֱˡ
Rectitude  is moral righteousness both in principle and in practice: 
Rectitude  ָԭʵϾ߱ĵУ 
The name of Brutus would be a guaranty to the people of rectitude of intention (J.A. Froude).
³˹ֶھֱԸǽǸ֤ (JA͵£

= =
honey
hon.ey
AHD:[h?n?] 
D.J.[6hJni8]
K.K.[6hJni]
n.ʣ
 hon.eys 
Abbr. hny
д hny
A sweet yellowish or brownish viscid fluid produced by various bees from the nectar of flowers and used as food.
ۣ۷ӻƶɵζɫɫճҺ壬Ϊʳ
A similar substance made by certain other insects.
ۣĳЩ
A sweet substance, such as nectar.
֭ʣ绨
Sweetness; pleasantness.
ۣ
Sugary or ingratiating words; flattery.

Informal Sweetheart; dear. Used as a term of endearment.
ʽ ģװģ
Informal Something remarkably fine:
ʽ رĶ
a honey of a car.
һϳ˵С
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hon.eyed  hon.ied [h?n?d] hon.ey.ing,hon.eys 
To sweeten with or as if with honey.
ۻ۰ʹ
To cajole with sweet talk.
ƭ
?
Middle English honi 
йӢ honi 
from Old English hunig 
Դ Ӣ hunig 

= =
honeymoon
hon.ey.moon
AHD:[h?n?-m?n] 
D.J.[6hJni87mu8n]
K.K.[6hJni7mun]
n.ʣ
A holiday or trip taken by a newly married couple.
¼ڣУ»򸾵ļڻ
An early harmonious period in a relationship:
ڣ˫ϵںгһʱڣ
The honeymoon between the new President and the press was soon over.
ͳý֮ںܿȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hon.ey.mooned,hon.ey.moon.ing,hon.ey.moons 
To spend a honeymoon.

?
[Perhaps from a comparison of the moon, which wanes as soon as it is full, to the affections of a newly married couple, which are most tender right after marriage] 
[»޼䰮ĶԱȣԲ֮ܿȱ𣬶»޵ĸڸս] 
?
honeymooner
n.ʣ

= =
honour
hon.our
AHD:[?nr] 
D.J.[6Kn*]
K.K.[6$n+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of honor 
 honorı

= =
hook
hook
AHD:[h?k] 
D.J.[h&k]
K.K.[h&k]
n.ʣ
A curved or sharply bent device, usually of metal, used to catch, drag, suspend, or fasten something else.
λ򼱾Ľװãץһ̶
A fishhook.
㹳
Something shaped like a hook, especially:
״ָ
A curved or barbed plant or animal part.
֣й֣λ򳤵̵Ķֲﲿ
A short angled or curved line on a letter.
ĸ֮ĸϵ߻ǶȵĶ
A sickle.

A sharp bend or curve, as in a river.
壺Ķת
A point or spit of land with a sharply curved end.
״ᵣһƬ״½أһͷ
A means of catching or ensnaring; a trap.
壺׽ղķʽȦ
Slang 
ٵ 
A means of attracting interest or attention; an enticement:
ջȤעķʽֶΣ
a sales hook.
ֶ
Music A catchy motif or refrain:
֡ βϿڵβظ
sugary hard rock melodies[and]  ear candy hooks (Boston Globe)
ؽɺ ķβ (ʿٻ)
Sports 
˶ 
A short swinging blow in boxing delivered with a crooked arm.
ȭȭ˶ֱ۴Ķ̶ڶһȭ
A golf stroke that sends the ball to the left of a right-handed player or to the right of a left-handed player.
߻ڸ߶˶ְֳĻְֳҵĻ
In surfing, the lip of a breaking wave.
˷壺˶һ˵˼
Baseball A curve ball.
 
Basketball A hook shot.
 Ͷ
v.ʣ
hooked,hook.ing,hooks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To catch, suspend, or connect with a hook.
ùץ
Informal To snare.
ʽ ղ
Slang To steal; snatch.See Synonyms at steal 
ٵ ͵ȡμ steal
To fasten by or as if by a hook.
סùƺù
To pierce or gore with or as if with a hook.
ƣùƺù̴
Slang 
ٵ 
To take strong hold of; captivate:
ץס
a novel that hooked me on the very first page.
ӵһҳҵС˵
To cause to become addicted.
ʹ
To make (a rug) by looping yarn through canvas with a type of hook.
ࣺ֯һֹӰëߴ֯δֲƳɣ̺
Sports 
˶ 
To hit with a hook in boxing.
Թȭ
To hit (a golf ball) in a hook.
߻߶
Baseball To pitch (a ball) with a curve.
 Ͷ
Basketball To shoot (a ball) in a hook shot.
 Ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bend like a hook.
ɹ״
To fasten by means of a hook or a hook and eye.
ùۿ۹̶
Slang To work as a prostitute.
ٵ Ů
?
hook up
To assemble or wire (a mechanism).
װͨе
To connect a mechanism and a source of power.
װõԴѻеĳԴ
Slang To form a tie or connection:
ٵ ᣺γĳϵŦ
hooked up with the wrong crowd.
һﻵ˹һ
?
by hook or by crook
By whatever means possible, fair or unfair.
ֶΣκֶ
get the hookٵ
To be unceremoniously dismissed or terminated.
ʽؽͻֹ
hook, line, and sinkerʽ
Without reservation; completely:
ޱأȫأ
swallowed the excuse hook, line, and sinker.
ȫ
off the hookʽ
Freed, as from blame or a vexatious obligation:
𱸻˵Σ
let me off the hook with a mild reprimand.
º͵𱸺Ź
on (one's) own hook
By one's own efforts.
أƾŬ
?
Middle English hok 
йӢ hok 
from Old English h?c * see  keg- 
Դ Ӣ h?c *μ keg- 
?
Hook
Hook
AHD:[h?k] Sidney (1902-1989) 
D.J.[h&k]
K.K.[h&k]
NONE޴ԣ
American philosopher known for his studies of Marxism, especiallyTowards an Understanding of Karl Marx: A Revolutionary Interpretation  (1933). 
ˣ᣺(1902-1989) ѧң˼оǡڿ˼⣺һԵĲ͡ 1933꣩ 

= =
hope
hope
AHD:[h?p] 
D.J.[h*&p]
K.K.[hop]
v.ʣ
hoped,hop.ing,hopes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wish for something with expectation of its fulfillment.
ϣڴĳЩܹʵ
Archaic To have confidence; trust.
 Σԡģ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look forward to with confidence or expectation:
ڴĻţ
We hope that our children will carry on our family traditions.
ڴǵĺܼ̳мĴͳ
To expect and desire.See Synonyms at expect 
ڴͿμ expect
n.ʣ
A wish or desire accompanied by confident expectation of its fulfillment.
ϣһԸʵŵڴ
Something that is hoped for or desired:
Ķ
Success is our hope.
ɹ
One that is a source of or reason for hope:
ϣ˻£ʵϣԴɣ
the team's only hope for victory.
֧ǻʤΨһϣ
Often Hope The theological virtue defined as the desire and search for a future good, difficult but not impossible to attain with God's help.
  Hope ѧ£ѧ£ָҸĿѰȻѣǣϵ۵İʹĻóΪ
Archaic Trust; confidence.
 
?
hope against hope
To hope with little reason or justification.
һϣûɵڴ
?
Middle English hopen 
йӢ hopen 
from Old English hopian 
Դ Ӣ hopian 
?
hoper
n.ʣ
?
Hope
HopeAnthony
NONE޴ԣ
See  Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins 
μ  ʿ ᡤ Hawkins
?
Hope
HopeBob (Born 1903)
NONE޴ԣ
British-born American entertainer. He costarred with Bing Crosby in the popular Road films, beginning with theRoad to Singapore  (1940). 
գ( 1903) ӢԱ˹еġ·ϵеӰײǡͨ¼֮· 1940꣩ 
?
Hope
HopeJohn (1868-1936)
NONE޴ԣ
American educator who opposed Booker T. Washington's accommodationist methods in the struggle for civil rights.
գԼ(1868-1936) ңȡȨĶԲˡTʢٵǨ

= =
hopeful
hope.ful
AHD:[h?pfl] 
D.J.[6h*&pf*l]
K.K.[6hopf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or manifesting hope.
ϣģʾϣ
Inspiring hope; promising.
˹ϣģǰ;
n.ʣ
A person who aspires to success or who shows promise of succeeding, especially as a political candidate:
ϣɹˣһɹʾɹϣˣָΪκѡˣ
a group of presidential hopefuls.
һȺϣѡͳ
?
hopefulness
n.ʣ

= =
hopeless
hope.less
AHD:[h?pl1s] 
D.J.[6h*&pl!s]
K.K.[6hopl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no hope; despairing.See Synonyms at despondent 
ϣģĲμ despondent
Offering no hope; bleak.
ûϣģҵ
Incurable.
ɾҩ
Having no possibility of solution; impossible.
ûнĿԵģܵ
?
hopelessly
adv.ʣ

= =
horizon
ho.ri.zon
AHD:[h-rozn] 
D.J.[h*6ra!z*n]
K.K.[h*6ra!z*n]
n.ʣ
The apparent intersection of the earth and sky as seen by an observer.Also called  apparent horizon 
ƽߣ۲֮֮ԽҲ  apparent horizon
Astronomy 
ѧ 
The sensible horizon.
оƽ
The celestial horizon.
ƽ
The limit of the theoretically possible universe.
Ͽ֮ܵ
The range of one's knowledge, experience, or interest.
۽磬ʶ˵֪ʶȤķΧ
Geology 
ѧ 
A specific position in a stratigraphic column, such as the location of one or more fossils, that serves to identify the stratum with a particular period.
λزеһضλã磬һֻֻʯĵزλãЩʯλÿȷڵز
A specific layer of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land.
ز㣬Ҳ㣺صĴֱеĳһ
?
Middle English orizon 
йӢ orizon 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek horiz?) [limiting (circle), horizon] [from present participle of] horizein [to limit] 
Դ ϣ horiz?) [޵ģԲƽ]  [] Դhorizeinڷִ [] 
from horos [boundary] 
Դ horos [߽] 

= =
horizontal
hor.i.zon.tal
AHD:[h?r1-z?ntl, h?r-] 
D.J.[7h%8r!6zKntl, 7hKr-]
K.K.[7h%r!6z$nt1, 7h$r-]
adj.Abbr. hor.ݴʣд hor.
Of, relating to, or near the horizon.
ƽߵģƽߵģƽйصģӽƽߵ
Parallel to or in the plane of the horizon.
ˮƽģƽƽеĻڵƽе
At right angles to a vertical line.
ģ봹ֱ߳90Ƚǵ
Occupying or restricted to the same level in a hierarchy:
ģڻһȼϵеͬһεģ
a horizontal study of verbal ability; a horizontal transfer for an employee.
ĺоһԱְλĺ
n.ʣ
Something, such as a line, a plane, or an object, that is horizontal.
ˮƽˮƽ壨ˮƽֱߣˮƽ߻ˮƽ
?
French 
 
from Latin horiz?n  horizont- [horizon] * see  horizon 
Դ  horiz?n  horizont- [ƽ] *μ horizon
?
horizontally
adv.ʣ

= =
horn
horn
AHD:[h?rn] 
D.J.[h%8n]
K.K.[h%rn]
n.ʣ
One of the hard, usually permanent structures projecting from the head of certain mammals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, or antelopes, consisting of a bony core covered with a sheath 
of keratinous material.
ǣĳЩ鶯ţɽͷϵļӲģͨΪԵĽṹԹʽṹΪģ⸲һ
A hard protuberance, such as an antler or a projection on the head of a giraffe or rhinoceros, that is similar to or suggestive of a horn.
¹ףһӲͻһ¹ǻڳ¹Ϭţͷϵͻڽǻǵ
The hard, smooth keratinous material forming the outer covering of the horns of cattle or related animals.
ţضĽϵģӲֹ⻬ı
A natural or synthetic substance resembling this material.
״ȻĻϳɵģڽ
A container, such as a powder horn, made from a horn.
һɶĽƳɵװǹҩĽ
Something having the shape of a horn, especially:
״жĽ֮״ĳֶָ
A horn of plenty; a cornucopia.
֮ǣװ
Either of the ends of a new moon.
֮κһ
The point of an anvil.
ļ
The pommel of a saddle.
ǰ
An ear trumpet.
Ž״
A device for projecting sound waves, as in a loudspeaker.
״һװã
A hollow, metallic electromagnetic transmission antenna with a circular or rectangular cross section.
ΣߣпյģƳɵĵŷߣԲλεĸ
Abbr. h.,H.Music 
д h.,H.֡ 
A wind instrument made of an animal horn.
ŽǣɶƳɵĹ
A brass wind instrument, such as a trombone or tuba.
ȣͭƹ糤Ż
A French horn.
Բ
A wind instrument, such as a trumpet or saxophone, used in a jazz band.
ȣ˹ܣȻ˹ܣھʿֶ
A usually electrical signaling device that produces a loud, resonant sound:
ͨźŵװãܲ߿
an automobile horn.

Any of various noisemakers operated by blowing or by squeezing a hollow rubber ball.
ȣκͨѹһпյƤ
Slang A telephone.
ٵ 绰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
horned,horn.ing,horns 
To join without being invited; intrude. Used within.  
롣in  
?
blow (one's) own horn 
toot (one's) own horn ʽ
To brag or boast about oneself.
Ҵ꣬ҿҫ
draw in (one's) horns 
haul in (one's) horns  
pull in (one's) horns ʽ
To restrain oneself; draw back.
Լ
To retreat from a previously taken position, view, or stance.
ǰȡ۵̬
To economize.
Լʡ
on the horns of a dilemma
Faced with two equally undesirable alternatives.
άȣΪѣܻͬӭѡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ker- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ ker- 1
?
horn
adj.ݴʣ
hornist
n.ʣ
?
Horn
Horn
AHD:[h?rn] Cape
D.J.[h%8n]Cape
K.K.[h%rn]Cape
NONE޴ԣ
A headland of extreme southern Chile in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. The southernmost point of South America, it was first rounded in 1616 by the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten 
(died 1625), who named it after his birthplace, Hoorn.
϶ǣ϶˵һᵣλڻȺСķʷ1625꣩1616״ƹһ϶ˣԼĳء϶Ϊ

= =
horrible
hor.ri.ble
AHD:[h?r-bl, h?r-] 
D.J.[6h%8r*b*l, 6hKr-]
K.K.[6h%r*b*l, 6h$r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing or tending to arouse horror; dreadful:
ֲģ򽫻־ģ˺µģ
War is beyond all words horrible(Winston S. Churchill)
սĿֲԱ(˹S.𼪶)
Very unpleasant; disagreeable.
ģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin horribilis 
Դ  horribilis 
from horr?e [to tremble] 
Դ horr?e [] 
?
horribleness
n.ʣ
horribly
adv.ʣ

= =
horror
hor.ror
AHD:[h?rr, h?r-] 
D.J.[6h%8r*, 6hKr-]
K.K.[6h%r+, 6h$r-]
n.ʣ
An intense, painful feeling of repugnance and fear.See Synonyms at fear 
־壺ǿҶʹͺµĸоμ fear
Intense dislike; abhorrence.
᣻ʹ
A cause of horror.
ֲ˻
Informal Something unpleasant, ugly, or disagreeable:
ʽ Ķ˲ģªĻĶ
That hat is a horror.
Ƕñ
horrors Informal Intense nervous depression or anxiety. Often used withthe.  
 horrors ʽ ʵǵ״̬the  
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a horror movie; a horror story.
ֲӰֲ
?
Middle English horrour 
йӢ horrour 
from Old French horreur 
Դ ŷ horreur 
from Latin horror 
Դ  horror 
from horr?e [to tremble] 
Դ horr?e [] 

= =
horse
horse
AHD:[h?rs] 
D.J.[h%8s]
K.K.[h%rs]
n.ʣ
A large hoofed mammal(Equus caballus)  having a short-haired coat, a long mane, and a long tail, domesticated since ancient times and used for riding and for drawing or carrying 
loads. 
νϴ㲸鶯Ұ ë϶̣ëϳβԹžͱѱͻ 
An adult male horse; a stallion.
Ĺ
Any of various equine mammals, such as the wild Asian speciesE. przewalskii  or certain extinct forms related ancestrally to the modern horse. 
ƶƵĶҰɹҰ ĳЩִȹϵ 
A frame or device, usually with four legs, used for supporting or holding.
нŵļܣһּӻװãͨȣ֧ŻҶ
Sports A piece of gymnastic equipment with an upholstered body used especially for vaulting.
˶ еװ棬Ҫ֧Ծ
Slang Heroin.
ٵ 
Often horses Horsepower.
  horses 
Mounted soldiers; cavalry:
ӣ
a squadron of horse.
һж
Geology 
ѧ 
A block of rock interrupting a vein and containing no minerals.
еļʯָĿģұʵʯ
A large block of displaced rock that is caught along a fault.
п飬ʯӵĵزдλʯ
v.ʣ
horsed,hors.ing,hors.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with a horse.
Ϊ
To haul or hoist energetically.
ƻϾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in heat. Used of a mare.
䡣ĸ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a horse:
ģйģ
a horse blanket.
̺
Mounted on horses:
ϵģ
horse guards.

Drawn or operated by a horse.
ģʹ
Larger or cruder than others that are similar:
ϴģϴӲģͬʵĶӲģ
horse pills.
ҩ
?
horse around ʽ
To indulge in horseplay or frivolous activity:
ֻ֣Ϸ
Stop horsing around and get to work.
ֹ֣ͣȥ
?
a horse of another color 
a horse of a different color
Another matter entirely; something else.
ȫһ£
beat a dead horse 
flog a dead horse
To continue to pursue a cause that has no hope of success.
ͽͣһ޳ɹϣ
To dwell tiresomely on a matter that has already been decided.
׷ѿࣺһѾ˷ѿ
be on (one's) high horse 
get on (one's) high horse
To be or become disdainful, superior, or conceited.
ֺĿһУʢ
hold (one's) horses
To restrain oneself.
Լ
the horse's mouth
A source of information regarded as original or unimpeachable.
ɿϢԭʼĻӹɵϢԴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hors 
Դ Ӣ hors 

= =
horsepower
horse.pow.er
AHD:[h?rspour] 
D.J.[6h%8s7pa&*]
K.K.[6h%rs7pa&+]
n.Abbr. hpʣд hp
A unit of power in the U.S. Customary System, equal to 745.7 watts or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute.
ϰϵеĹʵλ൱745.7ػ33,000Ӣ-
The power exerted by a horse in pulling.
һƥʱʹõ

= =
hose
hose
AHD:[h?z] 
D.J.[h*&z]
K.K.[hoz]
n.ʣ
 hose  hos.es  
pl. hose Stockings; socks. Used only in the plural.
 hose Ͳֻࣻࣨڸʽ
pl. hose 
 hose 
Close-fitting breeches or leggings reaching up to the hips and fastened to a doublet, formerly worn by men. Used only in the plural.
ʽ㣺õһֽ̿߹ȣβϵһֻڸʽ
Breeches reaching down to the knees. Used only in the plural.
ϥ̿㣺ϥǵĶ̿㣨ֻڸʽ
pl. hos.es A flexible tube for conveying liquids or gases under pressure.
 hos.es ܣĹӣѹ֮Һ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hosed,hos.ing,hos.es 
To water, drench, or wash with a hose:
ܻܽϴ
hosed down the deck; hosed off the dog.
ܳϴװ壻ܰѹ
Slang To attack and kill (someone), typically by use of a firearm:
ٵ ɱĳˣرʹ
hosed the enemy trooper.
ɱб
?
Middle English [a stocking] 
йӢ [Ͳ] 
from Old English hosa [leg covering] * see  (s)keu- 
Դ Ӣ hosa [] *μ (s)keu- 

= =
hospital
hos.pi.tal
AHD:[h?sp1-tl, -p1tl] 
D.J.[6hKsp!tl, -7p!tl]
K.K.[6h$sp!t1, -7p!t1]
n.Abbr. hosp.ʣд hosp.
An institution that provides medical, surgical, or psychiatric care and treatment for the sick or the injured.
ҽԺΪ˻ṩƻѯƵĻ
Chiefly British A charitable institution, such as an orphanage or a home for the elderly.
Ӣ Ժһִƻ¶Ժ
A repair shop for specified items:
ĳضƷ̵꣺
a doll hospital.

Archaic A hospice for travelers or pilgrims.
 ÿд߻ʥס޵ĵط
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
hospital food; hospital patients.
ҽԺṩʳסԺ
?
Middle English [hospice] 
йӢ [ÿд] 
from Old French ospital 
Դ ŷ ospital 
from Medieval Latin hospit3e 
Դ  hospit3e 
from Latin hospit3s [of a guest] 
Դ  hospit3s [˵] 
from hospes  hospit- [guest] * see  ghos-ti- 
Դ hospes  hospit- [] *μ ghos-ti- 

= =
hospitality
hos.pi.tal.i.ty
AHD:[h?sp1-t2l1-t?] 
D.J.[7hKsp!6t#l!ti8]
K.K.[7h$sp!6t#l!ti]
n.ʣ
 hos.pi.tal.i.ties 
Cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests.
ÿͣԿ˵ȳϿĽӴ
An instance of cordial and generous treatment of guests.
ԿȳϿӴ
?
Middle English hospitalite 
йӢ hospitalite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin hospit33s} 
Դ  hospit33s} 
from hospit3s [of a guest] * see  hospital 
Դ hospit3s [˵] *μ hospital

= =
host
host 1
AHD:[h?st] 
D.J.[h*&st]
K.K.[host]
n.ʣ
One who receives or entertains guests in a social or an official capacity.
ˣݻٷݽӴ˵
A person who manages an inn or a hotel.
ƵҵӪƹݻùݵ
One that furnishes facilities and resources for a function or an event:
Ϊһ¼ṩ豸Դˣ
the city chosen as host for the Olympic games.
бѡΪٰ˻
The emcee or interviewer on a radio or television program.
ˣ̨ӽĿе˻ɷ
Biology The animal or plant on which or in which another organism lives.
ѧ һϵĶֲ
Medicine The recipient of a transplanted tissue or organ.
ҽѧ ֲ壺ֲ֯ٵĽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
host.ed,host.ing,hosts ÷ѡ 
To serve as host to or at:
ͣ
the garden party he had hosted last spring(Saturday Review)
ȥ괺Ļ԰ۻᡱ()
?
Middle English [host, guest] 
йӢ [ˣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin hospes  hospit- * see  ghos-ti- 
Դ  hospes  hospit- *μ ghos-ti- 
?
hostly
adj.ݴʣ
?
Host was used as a verb in Shakespeare's time, but this usage was long obsoletewhen the verb was reintroduced (or perhaps reinvented) in recent yearsto mean perform the role of a 
host.The usage occurs particularly in contexts relating to institutional gatherings or television and radio shows,where the person performing the role of host has not personally invited 
the guests to his or her own establishment (thus it would be odd to sayThis evening we are hosting a dinner party at our house for my husband's cousins from New York ). Perhaps 
because the verb involves a suspect extension of the traditional conception of hospitality,it initially met with critical resistance.In a 1968 surveyonly 18 percent of the Usage Panel 
accepted the usage in the sentenceThe Cleveland chapter will host this year's convention.  Over time, however,the usage has become increasingly well establishedand appears to 
serve a useful purpose in describing the activities of one who performs the ceremonial or practical role of a host (in arranging a conference or entertainment, welcoming guests, and so 
forth).In our most recent survey53 percent of the Panelists accepted the usage in the phrasea reception hosted by the Secretary of State.  The verb is less well accepted when used to 
describe the role of a performer who acts as a master of ceremonies for a broadcast or film,where the relation of the word to the notion of hospitality is stretched still further.Only 31 
percent of the Panel accepted the use of the verb in the sentenceStudents have watched Sex, Drugs and AIDS, a graphic film hosted by actress Rae Dawn Chong.   The verbcohost  
has likewise become well established in its use to refer to those who collaborate in assuming responsibility for an occasion. Fifty-eight percent of the Usage Panel accepted this use in 
the sentenceThe Department of Architecture and the Department of History will be cohosting a reception for conference participants.  
Host һɯʿʱʣ ʱһ÷ܳʱ䲻ˣֱֱã߿´죩ʾ˵Ľɫһ÷ѧ
ӡ̨ĿʹãЩ£Ϊ˵˲û˽ȥԼļУĻ˵ǽڼΪɷ
ŦԼıá졯һͻ ͻеŤ ҲΪΪһ÷ͳġÿ͡һʼ⵽ơ1968һε
÷רʹС18%ĳԱ¾е÷ֻὫ챾ȵĴᡣ  ǣʱƣһ÷𽥱ܣһ˾ǻ
簲Żֻӭ˵ȵȣʱ˺ܺõáһεĵУ÷רʹСе53%ĳԱ˶ɹٰд 
hostһʵ÷ һ÷Ϊ㲥ĿӰĿ˵ֹʱǾͲ̫÷Ϊã롰ÿ͡һĹϵ͸
ˡֻ31%÷רʹСԱhostھѧǹĦ  Աסơֽ˵ļ¼Ƭ ԡƷ밬̲еĶ÷ ͬʾֹٰͬ
ĳһĶcohost Ҳѱձܡ 58%÷רʹСԱһ¾е÷ϵʷϵͬΪ߾ٰһд  
?
host
host 2
AHD:[h?st] 
D.J.[h*&st]
K.K.[host]
n.ʣ
An army.

A great number; a multitude.See Synonyms at multitude 
ࣻڶμ multitude
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin hostis 
Դ  hostis 
from Latin [enemy] * see  ghos-ti- 
Դ  [] *μ ghos-ti- 
?
host
host 3Ҳ Host
AHD:[h?st] 
D.J.[h*&st]
K.K.[host]
n.Ecclesiastical ʣ̻᡿ 
The consecrated bread or wafer of the Eucharist.
ʥ壺ʥ׼ʥδ͵ԲƬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin hostia [sacrifice] 
Դ  hostia [] 

= =
hostage
hos.tage
AHD:[h?st1j] 
D.J.[6hKst!d9]
K.K.[6h$st!d9]
n.ʣ
A person held by one party in a conflict as security that specified terms will be met by the opposing party.
ʣͻһѺˣΪԷı֤
One that serves as security against an implied threat:
ԼԿصв
superpowers held hostage to each other by their nuclear arsenals.
ӵк˹Լ
One that is manipulated by the demands of another:
һҪݵ
National policies cannot be made hostage to another country(Alan D. Romberg)
һҵ߲ܱһݡ(D.)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
probably from host [guest, host] * see  host 1
Դ host [ˣ] *μ host1

= =
hostess
host.ess
AHD:[h?st1s] 
D.J.[6h*&st!s]
K.K.[6host!s]
n.ʣ
A woman who receives or entertains guests in a social or official capacity.
Ůˣ罻ݻٷݽӴ˵Ů
A woman who manages an inn or a hotel.
Ůϰ壺ӪջùݵŮ
A woman who is the emcee or interviewer on a radio or television program.
Ůˣ㲥ĿӽĿŮ˻ɷ
A woman who is employed to greet and assist patrons, as in a restaurant.
ŮдӶӭӻ˿͵Ůԣڷ
A woman who is employed to dance with customers in a dance hall or nightclub.See Usage Note at -ess 
ŮҹܻܹŮԲμ -ess

= =
hostile
hos.tile
AHD:[h?stl, -tol] 
D.J.[6hKst*l, -7ta!l]
K.K.[6h$st*l, -7ta!l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of an enemy:
зģжԵģ˵ģйصģжʵģ
hostile forces; hostile acts.
жжж
Feeling or showing enmity or ill will; antagonistic:
ģеģʾģ
a hostile remark.
Ļ
Unfavorable to health or well-being; inhospitable or adverse:
ģڽҸģ˵Ļкģ
a hostile climate.

n.ʣ
An antagonistic person or thing.
жߣж
An enemy in warfare.
зսеĵ
?
Latin hostos 
 hostos 
from hostis [enemy] * see  ghos-ti- 
Դ hostis [] *μ ghos-ti- 
?
hostilely
adv.ʣ

= =
hot
hot
AHD:[h?t] 
D.J.[hKt]
K.K.[h$t]
adj.ݴʣ
hot.ter,hot.test 
Having or giving off heat capable of burning.
ȵģлɢȼյ
Being at a high temperature.
¶ȸߵ
Being at or exhibiting a temperature that is higher than normal or desirable:
̵ģڻʾҪ¶Ҫߵ¶ȣ
a hot forehead.
̵ǰ
Causing a burning sensation, as in the mouth; spicy:
ģĸоģ̼ģ
hot peppers; a hot curry.
ĺۣĿଷ
Charged or energized with electricity:
ģеܵģ
a hot wire.
ѹ
Radioactive, especially to a dangerous degree.
߷ԵģԵģرǴΣճ̶ȵ
Marked by intensity of emotion; ardent or fiery:
ȵģҵģҵĻģ
a hot temper.
𱬵Ƣ
Having or displaying great enthusiasm; eager:
ҵģеģлʾǿҸģеģ
hot for travel.

Informal Arousing intense interest, excitement, or controversy:
ʽ ǿȤģ˼ģģ
a hot new book; a hot topic.
һ飻Ļ
Informal Marked by excited activity or energy:
ʽ ҵģģĵĻģ
a hot week on the stock market.
Ʊгҵһ
Violent; raging:
ҵģҵģ
a hot battle.
ҵս
Slang Sexually excited or exciting.
ٵ Գ嶯ģԳ嶯
Slang 
ٵ 
Recently stolen:
ʧԵģ
a hot car.
ʧԵ
Wanted by the police:
ͨģ
a hot suspect.
ͨɷ
Close to a successful solution or conclusion:
ӽģӽȷĽ۵ģ
hot on the trail.
ҵʧȥ
Informal 
ʽ 
Most recent; new or fresh:
ģµĻʵģ
a hot news item; the hot fashions for fall.
Ϣʱװ
Currently very popular or successful:
ֿȵģֵеĻɹģ
one of the hottest young talents around.
ֿȵſ֮һ
Requiring immediate action or attention:
ֵģȡжĻעģ
a hot opportunity.
ֵĻ
Slang Very good or impressive. Often used in the negative:
ٵ ܺõĻӡġڷ񶨾䣺
I'm not so hot at math.
Ҷѧûó
Slang Funny or absurd:
ٵ Ȥģģ
told a hot one about the neighbors' dog.
һйھӼҵĹȤ
Slang 
ٵ 
Performing with great skill and daring:
վտģеʶģ
a hot drummer.
վտĹ
Fast and responsive:
ٵģӦģ
a hot sports car.
÷ɿ
Unusually lucky:
Ѱ˵ģ
hot at craps.
˼ѵ
Music Of, relating to, or being an emotionally charged style of performance marked by strong rhythms and improvisation:
֡ ǿҵģһֳģǿҶּ˵෽ʽйصģ
hot jazz.
ǿҶּ˵ľʿ
Color Bold and bright.
ɫʡ Ũ
n.ʣ 
hots
Slang Strong sexual attraction or desire. Used withthe.  
ٵ ǿҵthe  
adv.ʣ
In a hot manner; hotly.
ҵأĵ
While hot:
ȵأ
foods that are best eaten hot.
ȳԵʳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hot.ted,hot.ting,hots 
Informal To cause to increase in intensity or excitement. Often used withup : 
ʽ ʹ˷ܣʹʹ߼һ˷̶ܳȡup ã 
His book is an exercise in the fashionable art of instant history, in which every episode is hotted up with an anecdote(Harper's)
ǶԵʵÿһһʹ֮˷ܡ()
?
hot and botheredʽ
In a state of agitated excitement; flustered:
ģ˷ܵģģ
all hot and bothered before the opening performance.
Ļʽʼǰе˶
hot to trotٵ
Sexually avid; lascivious.
ʢģ
Ready and willing; eager.
ģԸģе
hot under the collarʽ
Angry.
ŭ
make it hot forٵ
To make things uncomfortable or dangerous for:
˲ĻΣյģ
Don't make it hot for yourself by needlessly finding fault.
ҪëöʹԼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h3t * see  kai- 
Դ Ӣ h3t *μ kai- 
?
hotness
n.ʣ

= =
hotel
ho.tel
AHD:[h?-tl] 
D.J.[h*&6tel]
K.K.[ho6tWl]
n.ʣ
An establishment that provides lodging and usually meals and other services for travelers and other paying guests.
ùݣΪ߻ǮĿṩסޣͨҲӦʳĴסլ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
hotel guests; hotel furnishings.
ùݿˣùʩ
?
French h?tel 
 h?tel 
from Old French hostel [hostel] * see  hostel 
Դ ŷ hostel [ÿд] *μ hostel

= =
hour
hour
AHD:[our] 
D.J.[a&*]
K.K.[a&r]
n.Abbr. hr,hʣд hr,h
One of the 24 equal parts of a day.
Сʱһʮĸȷеһȷ
One of the points on a timepiece marking off 12 or 24 successive intervals of 60 minutes, from midnight to noon and noon to midnight or from midnight to midnight.
ʱȣСʱʱϽһȦ60ӷָʮʮĸʱεĵ㣬ҹٴҹҹҹ
The time of day indicated by a 12-hour clock.
ʱ̣ӵ㣺ʮСʱһʱ
hours The time of day determined on a 24-hour basis:
 hours ݶʮСʱȷʱ䣺
1730 hours is 5:30p.m.  
ʮߵʮּ ʮ 
A unit of measure of longitude or right ascension, equal to 15= or !/24 of a great circle.
15㣺Ȼྭλ൱15ԲܵĶʮķ֮һ
A customary or fixed time:
ϰߵĻ̶ʱ̣
the dinner hour.
ʱ
hours A set period of time for a specified activity:
 hours ĳһ趨Ľʱ䣺
banking hours.
Ӫҵʱ
A particular time:
ʱ̣
their hour of need.
ǵʱ
A significant time:
Ҫʱ̣
Her hour had come.
Ļ
The present time:
Ŀǰڣ
the man of the hour.
ִ
The work that can be accomplished in an hour.
һСʱɵĹ
The distance that can be traveled in an hour.
һСʱߵ·
A single session of a school day or class.
һѧʱѧУõĿʱ
A credit hour.
ѧʱ
hours Ecclesiastical The canonical hours.
 hours ̻᡿ ʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French houre 
Դ ŷ houre 
from Latin h?a 
Դ  h?a 
from Greek [season, time] * see  y?r- 
Դ ϣ [ڣʱ] *μ y?r- 

= =
house
house
AHD:[hous] 
D.J.[ha&s]
K.K.[ha&s]
n.ʣ
 hous.es[houz1z, -s1z]  д ho.
A structure serving as a dwelling for one or more persons, especially for a family.
ݣΪһ˻ˣرΪһ˵סĽ
A household or family.
ͥ
Something, such as a burrow or shell, that serves as a shelter or habitation for a wild animal.
ѨǣҰﵱ֮Ķ綴Ѩ
A dwelling for a group of people, such as students or members of a religious community, who live together as a unit:
ݣһȺˣѧڽԱ۾֮
a sorority house.
Ů
A building that functions as the primary shelter or location of something:
ⷿݣΪס÷ĳĽ
a carriage house; the lion house at the zoo.
⣻԰ʨӹ
A facility, such as a theater or restaurant, that provides entertainment or food for the public:
糡͹ݣΪṩֻʳʩϷԺ͹ݣ
a movie house; the specialty of the house.
ӰԺ͹ݵɫ
The audience or patrons of such an establishment:
ڣ˿ͣϵĹڻ˿ͣ
a full house.

A commercial firm:
ҵ
a brokerage house.

A publishing company:
湫˾
a house that specializes in cookbooks.
רųʳ׵ĳ湫˾
A gambling casino.
ĳ
Slang A house of prostitution.
ٵ Ժ
A residential college within a university.
ѧڸѧԺ
Often House A legislative or deliberative assembly.
  House 飬
The hall or chamber in which such an assembly meets.
ԺãеĴ
A quorum of such an assembly.
ķ
Often House A family line including ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble family:
  House ϵѪͳָһϵȼ
the House of Orange.
μ
One of the 12 parts into which the heavens are divided in astrology.
ޣռѧнշֳʮ
The sign of the zodiac indicating the seat or station of a planet in the heavens.Also called  In this sense, also called mansion 
ʮһеλõĻƵʮҲ  ڴҲɳ mansion
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
the house wine; house paint.
ѾƣͿ
v.ʣ
housed,hous.ing,hous.es[houz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide living quarters for; lodge:
סޣ
The cottage housed ten students.
סʮѧС
To shelter, keep, or store in or as if in a house:
ӻ桢У
a library housing rare books.
ϡ鼮ͼ
To contain; harbor.
ݣ
To fit into a socket or mortise.
۽Ӻ
Nautical To secure or stow safely.
 ʹȫȫװ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reside; dwell.
ס
To take shelter.

?
like a house on fire 
like a house afire ʽ
In an extremely speedy manner:
Լٶȣ
ran away like a house on fire; tickets that sold like a house afire.
æܣӰƱ̼һ
on the house
At the expense of the establishment; free:
Ļʵģѵģ
food and drinks on the house.
ѵʳＰ
put (one's) house in order 
set (one's) house in order
To organize one's affairs in a sensible, logical way.
׵߼ذԼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English h?s 
Դ Ӣ h?s 
?
House
HouseEdward Mandell  Known as Colonel House.(1858-1938)
NONE޴ԣ
American diplomat and adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. He organized U.S. preparations for the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.
˹»¶(1858-1938) ⽻ҼޡѷͳĹʡ1919İͻĳﱸ֯쵼
?
House
HouseSon  Originally Eddie James House.(1902-1988)
NONE޴ԣ
American singer and guitarist. During the 1940s he made many blues recordings for the Library of Congress.
˹ɣּ֡2040Ϊͼݴר

= =
household
house.hold
AHD:[housh?ld] 
D.J.[6ha&s7h*&ld]
K.K.[6ha&s7hold]
n.ʣ
A domestic unit consisting of the members of a family who live together along with nonrelatives such as servants.
ͥסһļͥԱˣɵļͥλ
The living spaces and possessions belonging to such a unit.
ҲͥλľסռͲƲ
A person or group of people occupying a single dwelling:
ססһסĸ˻һȺˣ
the rise of nonfamily households.
Ǽͥס
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or used in a household:
ͥģͥģͥйصģڼеģ
household appliances.
õ
Commonly known; familiar:
ģϤģ
has become a household name.
˼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
house [house] * see  house 
house [] *μ house
hold [possession, holding]  from Old English  from healdan [to hold] * see  hold 1
hold [Ʋӵ]  Դ Ӣ  Դ healdan [ӵ] *μ hold1

= =
housewife
house.wife
AHD:[houswof] 
D.J.[6ha&s7wa!f]
K.K.[6ha&s7wa!f]
n.ʣ
 house.wives[-wovz]  
A woman who manages her own household as her main occupation.
ͥԹͥΪҪְŮ
[h?z1f] A small container for needles, thread, and other sewing equipment.
[h?z1f] ߺУ롢ߺƷĺ
?
Middle English houswif 
йӢ houswif 
house [house] * see  house 
house [ң] *μ house
wife [wife] * see  wife 
wife [] *μ wife

= =
hover
hov.er
AHD:[h?vr, h?v-] 
D.J.[6hJv*, 6hKv-]
K.K.[6hJv+, 6h$v-]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
hov.ered,hov.er.ing,hov.ers 
To remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the air:
ڿУ裬
gulls hovering over the waves.
˼ĺŸ
To remain or linger in or near a place:
ĳ丽ǻ
hovering around the speaker's podium.See Synonyms at flutter 
ݽ̨ǻμ flutter
To remain in an uncertain state; waver:
ԥҡ
hovered between anger and remorse.
ڷŭú֮
n.ʣ
The act or state of hovering:
ض״̬
a helicopter in hover.
ŵֱ
?
Middle English hoveren [frequentative of] hoven 
йӢ hoveren  [] hovenظ 
?
hoverer
n.ʣ
hoveringly
adv.ʣ

= =
how
how
AHD:[hou] 
D.J.[ha&]
K.K.[ha&]
adv.ʣ
In what manner or way; by what means:
ΣʲôʽʲôֶΣ
How does this machine work?
̨ô?
In what state or condition:
ôʲô״̬
How is she today?
ô?
To what extent, amount, or degree:
ôΧ٣̶ȶ
How bad was it?
ж?
For what reason or purpose; why:
ΪʲôΪʲôԭĿģΪʲô
How is it that he left early?
Ϊʲôô뿪?
With what meaning:
νͣ
How should I take that remark?
Ӧ⻰?
By what name:
ʲôƣ
How is she called?
ôƺ?
By what measure; in what units:
úζúμλ
How do you sell this corn?
ô?
What. Usually used in requesting that something be said again:
ʲôͨҪ˵һĳ£
How's that again?
˵һ?
Used as an intensive:
ô̾ʣ
How we laughed!
Цö໶!
conj.Ӵʣ
The manner or way in which:
Σԡʽ򷽷
forgot how it was done.
ô
That.

In whatever way or manner; however:
ۣΣúηʽ򷽷ۣ
Cook it how you please.
㰮ôô
n.ʣ
A manner or method of doing something:
ʽĳµķʽ򷽷
The how of research is generated by the why of the world(Frederick Turner)
оڶʡ(׵ˡ)
?
and howʽ
Most certainly; you bet:
Ȼǻ˵ɲǣ
She's a good dancer, and how
ȻǸ赸Ա
how about
What is your thought, feeling, or desire regarding:
ôڡ뷨оʲô
How about a cup of tea? How about that storm last night?
һô?ϵķ籩?
how about thatʽ
Used rhetorically to express surprise or wonder at or approval for something.
޴÷ʾĳ»ľ桢̾ͬ
how comeʽ
How is it that; why:
ô᣻Ϊʲô
How come you're so late?
ôô?
how so
How is it so:
ôΪʲô
You say the answer is wrong. How so?
˵ǴġΪʲô?
?
Middle English howe 
йӢ howe 
from Old English h?} * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ h?} *μ k wo- 

= =
however
how.ev.er
AHD:[hou-evr] 
D.J.[ha&6ev*]
K.K.[ha&6ev+]
adv.ʣ
In whatever manner or way:
Σ
However he did it, it was very clever.
ôģúܴ
To whatever degree or extent:
κζ۳̶ȡΣ
have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the concerns(Christopher Lasch)
۶ôزԸѿʼЩԵġ(˹иϣ)
In what way. Used as an intensive ofhow : 
how ļǿʣ 
However did you get here so soon?
ôô?
In spite of that; nevertheless; yet:
ܣȻǣ
The book is expensive; however, it's worth it.
Ȿܹȴֵ
On the other hand; by contrast:
һ棻Ƚ϶ԣ
The first part was easy; the second, however, took hours.
һֺܼ򵥣Ƚ϶ԣڶ־Ҫ
conj.Ӵʣ
In whatever manner or way:
ʲô
Dress however you like.
ϲôô
Archaic Notwithstanding that; although.
 ܣȻ
?
Although some grammarians have insisted thathowever  should not be used to begin a sentence, this rule has been ignored by a number of reputable writers.See Usage Note at but 
,whatever 
ȻЩ﷨ѧҼΪhowever Ӧھף ൱һ֪Ҳμ but,whatever

= =
hug
hug
AHD:[h?g] 
D.J.[hJg]
K.K.[hJg]
v.ʣ
hugged,hug.ging,hugs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clasp or hold closely, especially in the arms, as in affection; embrace.
ڰָ˫ۻ§סӵ
To hold steadfastly to; cherish:
ţУ
He still hugs his outmoded beliefs.
Щʱ
To stay close to:
ͣ
a sailboat hugging the shore.
һڰϵĴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To embrace or cling together closely.
ţӵһ
n.ʣ
A close, affectionate embrace.
ӵġӵ
A crushing embrace, as in wrestling.
ˤУ§
?
Probably of Scandinavian origin ; akin to  Old Norse hugga [to comfort] 
Ϊ˹άԴ   ˹ά hugga [] 
?
huggable
adj.ݴʣ
hugger
n.ʣ

= =
huge
huge
AHD:[hy?j] 
D.J.[hju8d9]
K.K.[hjud9]
adj.ݴʣ
hug.er,hug.est 
Of exceedingly great size, extent, or quantity; tremendous.See Synonyms at enormous 
޴ģӴģرĳ룬ģþ˵Ĳμ enormous
Of exceedingly great scope or nature:
ޱȵģرķΧģ
the huge influence of the Hellenic world.
ϣľ޴Ӱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French ahuge 
Դ ŷ ahuge 
?
hugely
adv.ʣ
hugeness
n.ʣ

= =
human
hu.man
AHD:[hy?mn] 
D.J.[6hju8m*n]
K.K.[6hjum*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of human beings:
˵ģģڻ˵Ļģ
the course of human events; the human race.
Ḷ́
Having or showing those positive aspects of nature and character that distinguish human beings from the lower animals:
Եģͨģ˵ıԻлĻֳЩģЩ潫͵ȶֿ
an act of human kindness.
һֳԵж
Subject to or indicative of the weaknesses, imperfections, and fragility associated with human beings:
Եȱ㣬ԵĴ棺ڻֳȱݺʹģ
a mistake that shows he's only human; human frailty.
֤ҲǸˣ˵Ĵ
Having the form of a human being.

Made up of human beings:
˹ɵģ
formed a human bridge across the ice.
ڱϴһ
n.ʣ
A human being; a person.
ࣻ
?
Middle English humain 
йӢ humain 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin h?3nus} * see  dhghem- 
Դ  h?3nus} *μ dhghem- 
?
humanhood
n.ʣ
humanness
n.ʣ

= =
humanity
hu.man.i.ty
AHD:[hy?-m2n1-t?] 
D.J.[hju86m#n!ti8]
K.K.[hju6m#n!ti]
n.ʣ
 hu.man.i.ties 
Human beings considered as a group; the human race.
ࣺΪࣻ
The condition or quality of being human; humanness.
Ϊ˵ʸ񣺳Ϊ˵Ʒʣ
The quality of being humane; benevolence.
ʴȵƷԣ
A humane characteristic, attribute, or act.
ԣʴȵƷʻж
humanities 
 humanities 
The languages and literatures of ancient Greece and Rome; the classics.
ŵѧϣԺѧŵѧ
Those branches of knowledge, such as philosophy, literature, and art, that are concerned with human thought and culture; the liberal arts.
Ŀѧо˼ѧƣѧѧ
?
Middle English humanite 
йӢ humanite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin h?3nit3s} 
Դ  h?3nit3s} 
from h?3nus} [human] * see  human 
Դ h?3nus} [] *μ human

= =
humble
hum.ble
AHD:[h?mbl] 
D.J.[6hJmb*l]
K.K.[6hJmb*l]
adj.ݴʣ
hum.bler,hum.blest 
Marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful.
ǫѷģǫģΪ̬Ȼ˳ǫΪģ򽾰
Showing deferential or submissive respect:
ģ˳ģֳǫľģ
a humble apology.
ĵǸ
Low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly:
¼ģʵ޻ģڼϡϡλϵ͵ģǫĻµģ
a humble cottage.
һªС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hum.bled,hum.bling,hum.bles 
To curtail or destroy the pride of; humiliate.
֣ʹѹƻ˵ģʹԱ
To cause to be meek or modest in spirit.
ʹ˳ʹǫͣʹˣھԵ˳ǫ
To give a lower condition or station to; abase.See Synonyms at degrade 
ѹͣͣΪˣṩϵ͵ȵ״ʹ͵λݲμ degrade
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin humilis [low, lowly] 
Դ  humilis [͵ģǫѷ] 
from humus [ground] * see  dhghem- 
Դ humus [] *μ dhghem- 
?
humbleness
n.ʣ
humbler
n.ʣ
humbly
adv.ʣ

= =
humid
hu.mid
AHD:[hy?m1d] 
D.J.[6hju8m!d]
K.K.[6hjum!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing or characterized by a high amount of water or water vapor:
ʪģдˮˮģ֮Ϊģ
humid air; a humid evening.See Synonyms at wet 
ʪʪİμ wet
?
Latin h?s 
 h?s 
from h??re} [to be moist] 
Դ h??re} [ʪ] 
?
humidly
adv.ʣ

= =
humidity
hu.mid.i.ty
AHD:[hy?-m1d1-t?] 
D.J.[hju86m!d!ti8]
K.K.[hju6m!d!ti]
n.Abbr. Hʣд H
Dampness, especially of the air.
ʪȣʪȣָʪ
Relative humidity.
ʪ
?
Middle English humidite 
йӢ humidite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin h?3s} 
Դ  h?3s} 
from Latin h?s [humid] * see  humid 
Դ  h?s [ʪ] *μ humid

= =
humorous
hu.mor.ous
AHD:[hy?mr-s] 
D.J.[6hju8m*r*s]
K.K.[6hjum*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Full of or characterized by humor; funny:
ĬģģĬĻĬΪģڶгģ
a humorous story.
Ĭ
Employing or showing humor; witty:
ĬģǵģʹûĬģȤģ
a humorous writer.
Ĭ
Archaic Given to moods or whims; capricious.
 Եģϲŭ޳
Obsolete Damp; moist.
 ʪģʪ
?
humorously
adv.ʣ
humorousness
n.ʣ

= =
humour
hu.mour
AHD:[hy?mr] 
D.J.[6hju8m*]
K.K.[6hjum+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of humor 
 humorı

= =
hundred
hun.dred
AHD:[h?ndr1d] 
D.J.[6hJndr!d]
K.K.[6hJndr!d]
n.ʣ
 hundred  hun.dreds  д h.,H.
The cardinal number equal to 10  10 or 102. 
һ٣һʣ1010102 
The number in the third position left of the decimal point in an Arabic numeral.
λʮλߡλϵ
A note of currency worth 100 dollars.
ԪһֵһԪĳƱ
hundreds The numbers between 100 and 999:
 hundreds ٣100999֣֮
an attendance figure estimated in the hundreds.
ϯԼ
An administrative division of some counties in England and the United States.
طӢȹһλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  dek? 
Դ Ӣ *μ dek? 
?
hundred
adj.ݴʣ

= =
hunger
hun.ger
AHD:[h?nggr] 
D.J.[6hJ0g*]
K.K.[6hJ0g+]
n.ʣ
A strong desire or need for food.
ʳʳǿҪ
The discomfort, weakness, or pain caused by a prolonged lack of food.
ڳʱδʳɵĲʡʹ
A strong desire or craving:
һǿҵԸ
a hunger for affection.
԰Ŀ
v.ʣ
hun.gered,hun.ger.ing,hun.gers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a need or desire for food.
ʳнʳҪ
To have a strong desire or craving.See Synonyms at yearn 
󣬿ǿҵԸμ yearn
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to experience hunger; make hungry.
ʹʹܼʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hungor 
Դ Ӣ hungor 

= =
hungry
hun.gry
AHD:[h?nggr?] 
D.J.[6hJ0gri8]
K.K.[6hJ0gri]
adj.ݴʣ
hun.gri.er,hun.gri.est 
Experiencing a desire or need for food.
ģеʳʳҪ
Extremely desirous; avid:
ʮֿģģ
hungry for recognition.
õͬ
Characterized by or expressing hunger or craving:
ģԼΪĻּģ
hungry eyes.
۾
Lacking richness or fertility:
ƶ񤣺ȱٷϵģ
hungry soil.
ƶ
?
Middle English hungri 
йӢ hungri 
from Old English hungrig 
Դ Ӣ hungrig 
from hungor [hunger] 
Դ hungor [] 
?
hungrily
adv.ʣ
hungriness
n.ʣ

= =
hunt
hunt
AHD:[h?nt] 
D.J.[hJnt]
K.K.[hJnt]
v.ʣ
hunt.ed,hunt.ing,hunts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pursue (game) for food or sport.
ԣ׷ΪʳΪ˶
To search through (an area) for prey:
ڡԣĳһѰ
hunted the ridges.
ɽ
To make use of (hounds, for example) in pursuing game.
׷ʱʹãԹ
To pursue intensively so as to capture or kill:
׷ɱΪץɱŬ׷
hunted down the escaped convict.
׷ӷ
To seek out; search for.See Synonyms at seek 
ѰҲμ seek
To drive out forcibly, especially by harassing; chase away:
ǿǿȵķϳָĥķߣ
hunted the newcomers out of town.
˸ϳȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pursue game.
׷
To make a search; seek.
Ѱң
Aerospace 
̫ѧ 
To yaw back and forth about a flight path, as if seeking a new direction or another angle of attack. Used of an aircraft, a rocket, or a space vehicle.
ǰڶһ·ҡڣƺѰһµķǶȡڷɻռ
To rotate up and down or back and forth without being deflected by the pilot. Used of a control surface or a rocket motor in gimbals.
ǰڶ뿪Աƫתƶ»صתڿƽ̨
Engineering 
ѧ 
To oscillate about a selected value. Used of a machine, an instrument, or a system.
һضֵĸҡڣĳһѡֵΧ񵴡ڻϵͳ
To swing back and forth; oscillate. Used of an indicator on a display or an instrument panel.
ذڵҡڣ񵴡ʾϵָʾǱ
n.ʣ
The act or sport of hunting:
ԣԵж˶
an enthusiast for the hunt.
ô
A hunting expedition or outing, usually with horses and hounds.
УԶԣͨȮ
Those taking part in such an expedition or outing.
μеˣμԶε
A diligent search or pursuit:
ѰңŬѰһ׷
on a hunt for cheap gas.
Ѱ
?
Middle English hunten 
йӢ hunten 
from Old English huntian 
Դ Ӣ huntian 
?
Hunt
Hunt
AHD:[h?nt] Harriot Kezia (1805-1875) 
D.J.[hJnt]
K.K.[hJnt]
NONE޴ԣ
American physician and reformer who emphasized prevention and education for the maintenance of health.
أءţ(1805-1875) ҽ͸ĸߣǿͨԤͽ֤
?
Hunt
Hunt(James Henry) Leigh (1784-1859)
NONE޴ԣ
British writer and editor of theExaminer  (1806-1821). He is known for his essays defending romanticism. 
أղķ˹ (1784-1859) Ӣң۲ҡ 1806-1821꣩ı༭Ϊ绤ɢĺ 
?
Hunt
HuntRichard Morris (1827-1895)
NONE޴ԣ
American architect who supervised an addition to the Louvre in Paris and designed an extension of the U.S. Capitol (1855) as well as the base of the Statue of Liberty.
أ¡Ī˹(1827-1895) ѧң˰¬̣(1855꣩ŮĻ
?
Hunt
HuntWard (1810-1886)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1873-1882).
أֵ£(1810-1886) ѧң߷Ժ󷨹٣1873-1882꣩
?
Hunt
Hunt(William) Holman (1827-1910)
NONE޴ԣ
British painter who with Rossetti and Millais founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. His works includeThe Light of the World  (1854) and The Scapegoat  (1856). 
أ(1827-1910) Ӣңͬغ˾һ𴴽ǰ쳶ֵܻᡣƷ֮⡷ 1854꣩  1856꣩ 
?
Hunt
HuntWilliam Morris (1824-1879)
NONE޴ԣ
American painter who brought the painting of the French Barbizon school to the attention of American artists and collectors.
أĪ˹(1824-1879) ңͶڻɵƷܸҺղؼ

= =
hurl
hurl
AHD:[h?rl] 
D.J.[hT8l]
K.K.[hPl]
v.ʣ
hurled,hurl.ing,hurls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw with great force; fling.See Synonyms at throw 
Ͷôӣμ throw
To send with great vigor; thrust:
ƣʹͳ͵ƽ
hurled the army against the enemy.
ŵֱ
To throw down; overthrow.
ƵƷ
To utter vehemently:
鼤ҵ˵
hurled insults at the speaker.
ŷߴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move with great speed, force, or violence; hurtle.
ƶ١͵˶ͳ
To throw something with force.

Baseball To pitch the ball.
 еģͶ
?
Middle English hurlen 
йӢ hurlen 
?
hurl
n.ʣ
hurler
n.ʣ

= =
hurricane
hur.ri.cane
AHD:[h?r1-k3n, h?r-] 
D.J.[6hT8r!7ke!n, 6hJr-]
K.K.[6hPr!7ken, 6hJr-]
n.ʣ
A severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually 
involving heavy rains.
쫷磺һҵȴ籩γڴձȺγɵ򱱡򶫱ƶͨЯдˮ
A wind with a speed greater than 74 miles (119 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.
磺Ϸ缶ʱٴ74Ӣ(119ϵķ
Something resembling a hurricane in force or speed.
쫷ٶ쫷ƵĶ
?
Spanish huracn 
 huracn 
from Carib huracan; furacan 
Դ ձ huracan; furacan 

= =
hurry
hur.ry
AHD:[h?r?, h?r-] 
D.J.[6hT8ri8, 6hJr-]
K.K.[6hPri, 6hJr-]
v.ʣ
hur.ried,hur.ry.ing,hur.ries 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or act with speed or haste.
ٵƶ˶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move or act with speed or haste:
ߴ٣ʹٻִٵƶ˶
hurried the children to school.
ߴٺȥѧ
To cause to move or act with undue haste; rush:
ʹҴ٣ʹʣʹֲִٵƶ˶ʹִж
was hurried into marriage.
Ž
To speed the progress or completion of; expedite.See Synonyms at speed 
٣ٽӿ죨ĳ£Ľ̻ɣٽμ speed
n.ʣ
 hur.ries 
The act or an instance of hurrying; hastened progress.
ææٵжʵӿĽ
Activity or motion that is often unduly hurried; haste.See Synonyms at haste 
æֲִͨٵĻ˶ִٲμ haste
The need or wish to hurry; a condition of urgency:
裺ٵҪϣȵ
in no hurry to leave.
ż뿪
?
Possibly Middle English horien 
Ϊ йӢ horien 
perhaps variant of harien [to harass] * see  harry 
Ϊ harienı [ĥ] *μ harry
?
hurrier
n.ʣ

= =
hurt
hurt
AHD:[h?rt] 
D.J.[hT8t]
K.K.[hPt]
v.ʣ
hurt,hurt.ing,hurts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause physical damage or pain to; injure.
˺ˣ˺ʹ
To cause mental or emotional suffering to; distress.
˺ʹգϵʹࣻʹ
To damage or impair:
𺦻ˣ
The bad publicity has hurt the candidate's chances for victory.See Synonyms at injure 
λѡ˵ʤμ injure
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or produce a feeling of physical pain or discomfort:
ˣʣеʹʣ
My leg hurts.
ҵ
To cause distress or damage:
ʹգʹ˻ˣ
Parental neglect hurts.
ĸĲǻ˺ӵ
To have an adverse effect:
иӰ죺
It never hurt to have a friend at court(Tom Clancy)
иڷԺûʲôá(ķ)
Informal To experience distress, especially of a financial kind; be in need:
ʽ ѣѣָھԭƶ
Even in a business that's hurting there's always a guy who can make a buck(New York)
ʹһҵҲ׬Ǯ(ŦԼ)
n.ʣ
Something that hurts; a pain, an injury, or a wound.
ʹ࣬˿ڣʹ˸еʹĶʹ˿
Mental suffering; anguish:
ϵʹࣻգ
getting over the hurt of reading the letter.
ӶǷźʹнѳ
A wrong; harm:
£˺
What hurt have you done to them?
˺?
?
Middle English hurten 
йӢ hurten 
possibly from Old French hurter [to bang into] 
Դ ŷ hurter [] 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
hurter
n.ʣ

= =
husband
hus.band
AHD:[h?zbnd] 
D.J.[6hJzb*nd]
K.K.[6hJzb*nd]
n.Abbr. h.,H.ʣд h.,H.
A man joined to a woman in marriage; a male spouse.
ɷڻŮԽϵӣż
Chiefly British A manager or steward, as of a household.
Ӣ ܼңܹܣ߻ܼңͥе
Archaic A prudent, thrifty manager.
 ڼľ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
hus.band.ed,hus.band.ing,hus.bands 
To use sparingly or economically; conserve:
ʡڼʡʹã棺
husband one's energy.

Archaic To find a husband for.
 Ϊĳˣɷ
?
Middle English huseband 
йӢ huseband 
from Old English h??nda} 
Դ Ӣ h??nda} 
from Old Norse h??ndi} 
Դ ˹ά h??ndi} 
h?s [house] 
h?s [] 
b??andi} [householder] [present participle of] b?a [to dwell] * see  bheu- 
b??andi} [ס]  [] b?aڷִ [ס] *μ bheu- 
?
We gain an insight into the history of the wordhusband  by considering the Old English word h??nde,}  meaning the mistress of a house.Ifh??nde}  had survived into Modern 
English, husband,  its modern form, would have been very ambiguous.The fact thath??nde}  could mean mistress of a house helps us see the elements that make up the Old 
English ancestor of our wordhusband. H?scorresponds to house.  The element-b?e  is the feminine form of -b?,  the second element of Old Englishh??nda.}  The entire Old English word 
is a borrowing of the Old Icelandic wordh??ndi,}  meaning the master of a house.The second element inh??ndi, b?ndi,} means a man who has land and stock and comes from 
the verbb?,  meaning to live, dwell, have a household. The master of the house was of course usually the spouse of a wife as well,and it would seem that our main current sense 
ofhusband  arises from this overlap. 
һ¹Ӣhusbonde ʣǾͻ husband ʵʷһ˽⣬ ˼ǡӵŮˡhusbonde ִӢУ Ϊhusbonde ִ
ʽ ˼úģhusbonde ˼ǡӵŮˡ ҳЩɹӢǽhusbandʵǰ HusӦ house  -bonde  -bonda 
ʽ Ӣ husbonda ĵڶ֡ ӢеĴϽԱе husbondi  ˼ǡӵˡhusbondi, bondi ڶֵ˼ǡһӵ
غӡ Զ bua ˼ǡסӵһҡ һӵ˵ȻͨҲӵżhusband ʵ˼Դص 

= =
hut
hut
AHD:[h?t] 
D.J.[hJt]
K.K.[hJt]
n.ʣ
A crude or makeshift dwelling or shelter; a shack.
ªСݣéݣֲڵʱסδ
A temporary structure for sheltering troops.
ʱӪʱסӪ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
hut.ted,hut.ting,huts 
To shelter or take shelter in a hut.

?
French hutte 
 hutte 
[of Germanic origin] * see  (s)keu- 
[Դն] *μ (s)keu- 

= =
hydrogen
hy.dro.gen
AHD:[hodr-jn] 
D.J.[6ha!dr*d9*n]
K.K.[6ha!dr*d9*n]
n.Symbol H ʣ H 
A colorless, highly flammable gaseous element, the lightest of all gases and the most abundant element in the universe, used in the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol, in 
petroleum refining, in the hydrogenation of organic materials, as a reducing atmosphere, in oxyhydrogen torches, and in rocket fuels. Atomic number 1; atomic weight 1.00797; melting 
point -259.14=C; boiling point -252.8=C; density at 0=C 0.08987 gram per liter; valence 1.See table at element 
⣺һɫȼʣᣬϳɰͼ״ʯͣ⻯лΪ壬۽ͻȼСԭ
Ϊ1ԭΪ1.00797۵Ϊ-259.14=Cе-252.8=Cʱܶ0.08987/ԭӼΪ1μ element
?
French hydrogne 
 hydrogne 
Greek hudro- [hydro-] 
ϣ hudro- [ǰ׺] 
-gne [-gen] 
-gne [׺] 
?
hydrogenous
AHD:[-dr?j-ns] ݴʣ

= =
hypothesis
hy.poth.e.sis
AHD:[ho-p?th1-s1s] 
D.J.[ha!6pKG!s!s]
K.K.[ha!6p$G!s!s]
n.ʣ
 hy.poth.e.ses[-s?z]  д hyp.,hypoth.
A tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by further investigation; a theory.
ǰ᣺һϵʵ˵ʱܱͣһĵ飻һ
Something taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation; an assumption.
裺ΪۻΪʵһ
The antecedent of a conditional statement.
һǰ
?
Latin [subject for a speech] 
 [ڽ] 
from Greek hupothesis [proposal, supposition] 
Դ ϣ hupothesis [裬] 
from hupotithenai [to suppose] 
Դ hupotithenai [] 
hupo- [hypo-] 
hupo- [ǰ׺ڡ֮¡] 
tithenai [to place] * see  dh?- 
tithenai [] *μ dh?- 

= =
hysterical
hys.ter.i.cal
AHD:[h1-str1-kl] 
D.J.[h!6ster!k*l]
K.K.[h!6stWr!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, characterized by, or arising from hysteria.
Ъ˹ģ񯲡ģЪ˹ģдĻɴ
Having or prone to having hysterics.
Ъ˹򽫿Ъ˹
Informal Extremely funny:
ʽ Цģ
told a hysterical story.
˸ЦĹ
?
hysterically
adv.ʣ

= =
i
i 1 I
AHD:[o] 
D.J.[a!]
K.K.[a!]
n.ʣ
 i's  I's  
The ninth letter of the modern English alphabet.
IĸִӢĸеĵھŸĸ
Any of the speech sounds represented by the letteri.  
ĸIĶĸi ʾĶ 
The ninth in a series.
еھ
Something shaped like the letter I.
I״I
?
i
i 2
abbr.Mathematics ѧ 
 Imaginary unit. 
Imaginary unit.
?
I
I 1
AHD:[o] 
D.J.[a!]
K.K.[a!]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to oneself as speaker or writer.
ң˵дԼ
n.ʣ
 I's 
The self; the ego.
Լ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ic * see  eg 
Դ Ӣ ic *μ eg 
?
The question of when to use nominative forms of the personal pronouns (for example,I, she, they ) and when to use objective forms (for example, me, her, them ) has always created 
controversy among grammarians and uncertainty among speakers and writers.There is no problem when the pronoun stands alone in combination with a single verb or 
preposition:every native speaker saysI  (not me ) read the book; They told him  (not he ); The company bought a computer for us  (not we ); and so forth. But the decision is more 
problematic in other environments. When pronouns are joined with other nouns or pronouns byand  or or,  there is a widespread tendency to use the objective form even when the 
phrase is the subject of the sentence:Robert and her are not speaking to each other.  This usage is natural in colloquial speech,but the nominative forms should be used in formal 
speech and writing:John and she  (not her ) will be giving the talk.   When pronouns joined by a conjunction occur as the object of a prepositionsuch asbetween, according to,  or like,  
many people use the nominative form where the traditional grammatical rule would require the objective;they saybetween you and I  rather thanbetween you and me,  and so forth. Many 
critics have seen this construction as originating in a hypercorrection,whereby speakers who have been taught to sayIt is I  instead of It is me  come further to assume that correctness 
also requires between you and I  in place ofbetween you and me.  This explanation of the tendency cannot be the whole story,in as much as the phrasebetween you and I  occurs in 
Shakespeare, centuries before the prescriptive rules requiringIt is I  and the like were formulated. But thebetween you and I  construction is nonetheless widely regarded as a marker of 
grammatical ignorance and is best avoided. In other contexts the traditional insistence that the nominative form be used is more difficult to defend.The objective form sounds most 
natural when the pronoun is not grammatically related to an accompanying verb or preposition.Thus, in response to the questionWho cut down the cherry tree?  we more 
colloquially say Me,  even though some grammarians have argued thatI  must be correct here by analogy to the form I did;  and few speakers would accept that the 
sentenceWhat, me worry?  is improved if it is changed to What, I worry?  The prescriptive insistence that the nominative be used in such a construction is grammatically 
questionableand is apt to lead to almost comical pedantries. There is also a widespread tendency to use the objective form when a pronoun is used as a subject together with a noun 
in apposition,as inUs engineers were left without any technical support.  In formal speech or writing the nominativewe  would be preferable here. But when the pronoun itself appears in 
apposition to a subject noun phrase,the use of nominative may sound pedantic in a sentencesuch asThe remaining members of the admissions committee, namely we, will have to 
meet on another day.  A writer who is uncomfortable about using the objectiveus  here would be best advised to rewrite the sentence to avoid the difficulty.See Usage Note at be ,but ,we 
ʲôʱ˳ƴʵʽ磬I,she,they )Լʲôʱñʽ磬 me ,her, them )﷨ר֮飬 ˵ߺ֮ȷ
һʵһʻ򵥴ʱû⣺ÿӢΪ˶˵I  me ) read the book; They told him  he ); The company bought a computer for us  
we );ࡣ ־⡣ʺʻand  or ʱ ھʱʹñʽҲкܹ㷺ƣRobert and 
her are not speaking to each other  ÷ڿгʽݽдӦʽJohn and she  her ) will be giving the talk  ʺһӴ
Ϊʵıʱbetween,according to,  like ıʱ ˻ڴͳ﷨Ϊñĵط˵between you and I , between you and me ,
˵ȵȡ ۼѾֽṹԴڽЩ˵It is I  It is me ˸һ϶Ҫ˵ between you and I  between you and 
me  ͻףΪbetween you and me ɯʿƷоͳֹ ǻҪIt is I ּȶʽȷļǰ ǽṹbetween you 
and I 㷺Ϊ﷨֪Ȼף ӶӦñ⡣ҪʽŸάˡ﷨ϲһʻϵʱʽ
ȻˣڻشWho cut down the cherry tree? ʱǸﻯش Me  Щ﷨רǱ˵ʽI did һ I ǶԵģ ûһ
罫What, me worry? ĳ What, I worry? ԭһЩ ΪĽṹҪĹ涨﷨ɵģ׵¿Цظһһͬ
λʱҴ˴ΪʱҲһֹ㷺ñ򡣱Us engineers were left without any technical support  ʽĽдwe ʡ ǵһ
һʴͬλʱʽѧھThe remaining members of the admissions committee, namely we, will have to meet on another day  
һñus ең ýдѲμ be,but,we
?
I
I 2
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element iodine 
 Ԫiodineķ 
Electricity The symbol for current 
ѧ  Ԫcurrentķ 
Also i The symbol for the Roman numeral 1.
 Ҳ i 1ķ
?
I
I 3
abbr.
 Institute. 
Institute.
 Intelligence. 
Intelligence.
 Interstate. 
Interstate.
 Isospin. 
Isospin.

= =
ice
ice
AHD:[os] 
D.J.[a!s]
K.K.[a!s]
n.ʣ
Water frozen solid.
ɹˮ
A surface, layer, or mass of frozen water.
棺ˮ桢
Something resembling frozen water.
״Ķ
A dessert consisting of sweetened and flavored crushed ice.
ܣһɼǺ͵ζƷɵ
Cake frosting; icing.
˪ıм˪
Slang Diamonds.
ٵ ʯ
Sports The playing field in ice hockey; the rink.
˶ ĳأ
Extreme unfriendliness or reserve.
䵭䲻Ѻû
Slang A payment over the listed price of a ticket for a public event.
ٵ ƱΪһıƱ۸ߵĽ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
ice cubes; ice fragments.
飻
v.ʣ
iced,ic.ing,ic.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To coat or slick with solidly frozen water.
ññʹ⻬
To cause to become ice; freeze.
ʹΪ
To chill by setting in or as if in ice.
䣬أͨлƷж
To cover or decorate (a cake, for example) with a sugar coating.
Ϳ˪絰⣩ϻװһ˪
Slang To ensure of victory, as in a game; clinch.
ٵ ȲʤȯȷʤϷУȷ
Sports To shoot (the puck) far out of defensive territory in ice hockey.
˶ Զʱ
Slang To kill; murder.
ٵ д̣ıɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn into or become coated with ice; freeze:
ɱ򸲸һ᣺
The pond iced over in November.
ʮһ³
?
on iceٵ
In reserve or readiness.
棬
Held incommunicado.
ھн
?
Middle English ise 
йӢ ise 
from Old English os 
Դ Ӣ os 
?
iceless
adj.ݴʣ
?
ICE
ICE
abbr.
 Internal-combustion engine. 
Internal-combustion engine.
International Cultural Exchange.
Ļ

= =
idea
i.de.a
AHD:[o-d?] 
D.J.[a!6di8*]
K.K.[a!6di*]
n.ʣ
Something, such as a thought or conception, that potentially or actually exists in the mind as a product of mental activity.
˼룬˼ĲǴڻǱڴе뷨
An opinion, a conviction, or a principle:
۵㡢ԭ
has some strange political ideas.
һЩ
A plan, scheme, or method.
ƻͼ򷽷
The gist of a specific situation; significance:
ҪּҪ죺ضµҪԣ
The idea is to finish the project on time and under budget.
Ҫ׼ʱɼƻҲԤ
A notion; a fancy.
뷨
Music A theme or motif.
֡ ⣬
Philosophy 
ѧ 
In the philosophy of Plato, an archetype of which a corresponding being in phenomenal reality is an imperfect replica.
ͼѧеһԭͣʵһĸƷ
In the philosophy of Kant, a concept of reason that is transcendent but nonempirical.
ԸѧеһģǾԸ
In the philosophy of Hegel, absolute truth; the complete and ultimate product of reason.
ڸѧеľĺյԲ
Obsolete A mental image of something remembered.
 񣺼еԺеӰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek * see  weid- 
Դ ϣ *μ weid- 
?
idealess
adj.ݴʣ
?
idea,thought,notion,concept,conception
These nouns refer to what is formed or represented in the mind as the product of mental activity.
ЩʶָԺгֵı
 Idea   has the widest range: 
 Idea  һʴΪ㷺 
Fruit is not her idea of a dessert.
ˮҪ㡣
Don't get any ideas about revenge.
Ҫű
Human history is in essence a history of ideas (H.G. Wells).
ʷһ˼ʷ (HG˹
 Thought  is applied to what is distinctively intellectualand thus especially to what is produced by contemplation and reasoningas distinguished from mere perceiving, feeling, or willing: 
 Thought  һָԵرָ˼óĽۣ뵥Ĺ۲졢оԸͬ 
Quietshe's trying to collect her thoughts.
ĵ--ŬԼ˼롣
I have no thought of going to Europe.
Ҳȥŷޡ
Language is the dress of thought (Samuel Johnson).
˼¡ ѶԼѷ
 Notion   often refers to a vague, general, or even fanciful idea: 
 Notion  һָģġͳǻ뷨 
She certainly has some notion of drawing (Rudyard Kipling).
Ի滭ȻЩ˽⡱ ڶ¡֣
 Concept  andconception are applied to mental formulations on a broad scale:  
 Concept  conception ڴΧڵĳε˼룺  
He seems to have absolutely no concept of time.
ûʱ
Every succeeding scientific discovery makes greater nonsense of old-time conceptions of sovereignty (Anthony Eden).
ÿһγɹĿѧֶʹǰβƵĴͳøΪһĲֵ ᡤ٣

= =
ideal
i.de.al
AHD:[o-d?l, o-d?l] 
D.J.[a!6di8*l, a!6di8l]
K.K.[a!6di*l, a!6dil]
n.ʣ
A conception of something in its absolute perfection.
룺ĸ
One that is regarded as a standard or model of perfection or excellence.
䷶ͣΪı׼
An ultimate object of endeavor; a goal.
Ŀ꣺ŬĿģĿ
An honorable or worthy principle or aim.
еġмֵԭĿ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or embodying an ideal.
ģģйصĻĳһ
Conforming to an ultimate form or standard of perfection or excellence.
ģʽ׼һµ
Considered the best of its kind.
Ϊõ
Completely or highly satisfactory:
ȫ൱ģ
The location of the new house is ideal.
·ӵλʮ
Existing only in the mind; imaginary.
ģԺеģ
Lacking practicality or the possibility of realization.
ģõģȱʵԻʵֵĿԵ
Of, relating to, or consisting of ideas or mental images.
˼ģ˼Ӱģ˼Ӱйصģ˼Ӱ
Philosophy 
ѧ 
Existing as an archetype or pattern, especially as a Platonic idea or perception.
ģģԭͻ̶ʽֵģָͼѧеĹ۵
Of or relating to idealism.
ΨΨйص
?
From Middle English [pertaining to the divine archetypes of things] 
Դ йӢ [ʱйص] 
from Late Latin ide3s 
Դ  ide3s 
from Latin idea [idea] * see  idea 
Դ  idea [] *μ idea
?
ideal,model,example,exemplar,standard,pattern
These nouns refer to someone or something worthy of imitation or duplication.Anideal  is a sometimes unattainable standard of perfection:  
ЩʶֵָģºЧµ˻ideal ָ״̬ʱ޷ﵽģ  
Religion is the vision of . . . something which is the ultimate ideal, and the hopeless quest (Alfred North Whitehead).Amodel is something to be imitated and often something 
deserving of imitation:  
ڽǼı֣״̬Զ޷ﵽġ ׵¡ŵ˹غ£model һָģµĲֵģµĶ  
Our fellow countryman is a model of a man (Charles Dickens).Anexample is a model that is likely to be imitated; the term often refers to something that servesrather as a deterrent 
or warning than as something to be emulated: 
ǵͬĵ䷶ ˹Ҹ˹example һҲָΪģµģ ǹѧϰģΪֹ򾯸õģ 
Our Government is the potent, the omnipresent teacher. For good or for ill, it teaches the whole people by its example (Louis D. Brandeis).Anexemplar is a person or thing that 
serves as an ideal example by reason of being either very worthy or truly representative of a type, admirable or otherwise:  
ǵһȨƵġ޴ڵʦǺ⻹Ƕ⣬ʾá ·˹D˹exemplar һָ伫мֵд
ĽԭֵЧµ˻  
He is indeed the perfect exemplar of all nobleness (Jane Porter).Astandard is an established criterion or recognized level of excellence regarded as being proper, fitting, or right:  
ȷйѧϰð 򡤲أstandard һָѽı׼ϵĳƵȷǡʵı׼  
It wouldn't be quite fair to test him by our standards (William Dean Howells).Apattern serves as a model, plan, or guide in the creation of something:  
ǵı׼ǲƽġ ϶˹pattern ָдʱѭƻ򵼣  
I will be the pattern of all patience (Shakespeare).
ҪΪĵİ ɯʿǣ

= =
identical
i.den.ti.cal
AHD:[o-dnt1-kl] 
D.J.[a!6dent!k*l]
K.K.[a!6dWnt!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the same:
ͬһģ
another orator who used the senator's identical words.See Synonyms at same 
һʹԱȫͬĴʲμ same
Exactly equal and alike.
ȫȵĻƵ
Having such a close similarity or resemblance as to be essentially equal or interchangeable.
ɻģʮƻڱȵĻܻ
Biology Of or relating to a twin or twins developed from the same fertilized ovum and having the same genetic makeup and closely similar appearance; monozygotic.
ѧ ͬ˫ģͬһܾвģͬṹòӵģѵ
?
From Medieval Latin identicus 
Դ  identicus 
from Late Latin identit3s [identity] * see  identity 
Դ  identit3s [ͬһ] *μ identity
?
identically
adv.ʣ
identicalness
n.ʣ
?
Some authorities on usage specifywith  as the preferred preposition after identical.  But eitherwith  or to  is now acceptable. 
һЩ÷ϵȨ۵Ϊֻwith  identical һʺΪʹã with  to ʹ 

= =
identification
i.den.ti.fi.ca.tion
AHD:[o-dnt-f1-k3shn] 
D.J.[a!7dent*f!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[a!7dWnt*f!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of identifying.
Ϊ
The state of being identified.
ȷϺ״̬
Abbr. ID,I.D.Proof or evidence of identity.
д ID,I.D.֤ȷݵ֤ݻ֤
Psychology 
ѧ 
A person's association with the qualities, characteristics, or views of another person or group.
ͬйһ˻ȺƷʡȷϵ
An unconscious process by which a person transfers the response appropriate to a particular person or group to a different person or group.
ԾãָһʶӦĳһض˻ȺĸתƵһͬ˻Ⱥ֮ϵĹ

= =
identify
i.den.ti.fy
AHD:[o-dnt-fo] 
D.J.[a!6dent*7fa!]
K.K.[a!6dWnt*7fa!]
v.ʣ
i.den.ti.fied,i.den.ti.fy.ing,i.den.ti.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To establish the identity of.
һ
To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of.
ȷϣȷԴʻõ
Biology To determine the taxonomic classification of (an organism).
ѧ ȷлģȼ
To consider as identical or united; equate.
Ϊͬڻȫһ£ʹ
To associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group.
룺ʹԼ˻Ⱥϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To establish an identification with another or others.
Ϊһ壺һ˻˱һ
?
Medieval Latin identific3e [to make to resemble] 
 identific3e [ʹ] 
Late Latin identit3s [identity] * see  identity 
 identit3s [һ] *μ identity
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹ] 
?
identifiable
adj.ݴʣ
identifiably
adv.ʣ
identifier
n.ʣ
?
In the sense to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with 
the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify  (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield.  This usage derives originally from 
psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In 
particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,The critic . . . could help restore 
the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying  at large and resume identifying himself with  Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever. In recent years, 
however, this use ofidentify with  without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of 
his characters;  whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters.   Omission 
of the reflexive with this use ofidentify  serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a 
group. This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel 
accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse,  and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse,  where no reflexive 
pronoun is used. 
ڡʹԼϵڱˡһ˼еġidentify һֲͬĺ塣 һʱ˶˵ĸϵͬߺܿ
ͬ  identify themselves ) ١ƶƵ¡  ÷ԴйЩУʾĿƼ壬Ӹһ
ճʹлרҵĺۼرָǣڷʳΪﶯã治ʡѷ1966дģ
ۼǺȫidentifying ʹ identifying himself with 򡤿üڭ¡˹Ǿͻ̽ѯЩʵʵ⡣ 
ʹidentify with м䲻ӷѳΪһֱ׼䡣 ÷רС82%ĳԱΪҾúͬС˵е һȷģ ֻ63%ĳԱʹ÷
ͬһ˼ľӣI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters  ʡԷԼһЩʹidentify ÷Ϊڡĳŵ
Ŀꡢԭϵһе˼ Ϊʵ÷׷ݵ18ͣ÷רС˵ûеһֽڽܣ58%СԱַ֧
ҩ˶ һ˵ ֻ40%ĳԱܲҪʵShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse һ˵ 

= =
identity
i.den.ti.ty
AHD:[o-dnt1-t?] 
D.J.[a!6dent!ti8]
K.K.[a!6dWnt!ti]
n.ʣ
 i.den.ti.ties 
The collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is definitively recognizable or known:
ݣӱȷϻʶĳһϵܺͣ
If the broadcast group is the financial guts of the company, the news division is its public identity(Bill Powell)
˵Сǹ˾ĺģôŲĹ(ȶ)
The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group.
ݣΪһŵĳԱеΪص
The quality or condition of being the same as something else.
ͬһԣͬһͬʻ״̬
The distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity; individuality.
ԣԣ˾еĳʵʽڵĶԸ񣻸
Mathematics 
ѧ 
An equation that is satisfied by any number that replaces the letter for which the equation is defined.
λأ󣺶ʽеĸһֶʹʽĺʽ
Identity element.
λԪأԪ
?
French identit 
 identit 
from Old French identite 
Դ ŷ identite 
from Late Latin identit3s 
Դ  identit3s 
from Latin idem [the same]  influenced by Late Latin essentit3s [being,]  identidem [repeatedly] 
Դ  idem [ͬ]    essentit3 []  identidem [ظ] 
from id [it] * see  i- 
Դ id [] *μ i- 

= =
ideology
i.de.ol.o.gy
AHD:[od?-?l-j?, 1d?-] 
D.J.[7a!di86Kl*d9i8, 7!di8-]
K.K.[7a!di6$l*d9i, 7!di-]
n.ʣ
 i.de.ol.o.gies 
The body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, a group, a class, or a culture.
˼루ϵ˼ʶӳҪ͸ˡ֯׼ĻԸ˼ܺ
A set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system.
ʶ̬ΪΡûƶȻһϵ
?
French idologie 
 idologie 
ido- [ideo-] 
ido- [ǰ׺⣬] 
-logie [-logy] 
-logie [ǰ׺ѧ] 
?
ideologist
n.ʣ

= =
idiom
id.i.om
AHD:[1d?-m] 
D.J.[6!di8*m]
K.K.[6!di*m]
n.ʣ
A speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements, as inkeep tabs on.  
ϰ﷨ṹ޷𿪶ֻɳɷ͵ʽĳ̶ֹԱ﷽۾  
The specific grammatical, syntactic, and structural character of a given language.
رĳر﷨ʽͽṹϵص
Regional speech or dialect.
ԣĳĵطԻ
A specialized vocabulary used by a group of people; jargon:
һȺʹõضĴʻ㣻
legal idiom.

A style or manner of expression peculiar to a given people:
ĳеԻΪʽ
Also important is the uneasiness I've always felt at cutting myself off from my idiom, the American habits of speech and jest and reaction, all of them entirely different from the local 
variety(S.J. Perelman)
һҪǾܸеԼǵϰ׸ܲ˵Цжķʽ뵱صķ׸롣(S.J.׶)
A style of artistic expression characteristic of a particular individual, school, period, or medium:
ɫĳˡѧɡʱýΪ
the idiom of the French impressionists; the punk rock idiom.
ӡ񣻷ҡַ
?
Late Latin idi?a  idi?mat- 
 idi?a  idi?mat- 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from idiousthai [to make one's own] 
Դ idiousthai [ĳռΪ] 
from idios [own, personal, private] * see  s(w)e- 
Դ idios [Լģ˵ģ˽е] *μ s(w)e- 

= =
idle
i.dle
AHD:[odl] 
D.J.[6a!dl]
K.K.[6a!d1]
adj.ݴʣ
i.dler,i.dlest 
Not employed or busy:
еģпյģĻæģ
idle carpenters.See Synonyms at inactive 
еľμ inactive
Avoiding work or employment; lazy:
ģɵģܿϰģ͵ģ
shiftless, idle youth.See Synonyms at lazy 
ֺе˲μ lazy
Not in use or operation:
õģʹûеģ
idle hands.
ŵ
Lacking substance, value, or basis.See Synonyms at baseless See Synonyms at vain 
ʵʵģ޼ֵģ޸ݵĲμ baselessμ vain
v.ʣ
i.dled,i.dling,i.dles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass time without working or while avoiding work.
л죬»ܿʱ
To move lazily and without purpose.
й䣺Ŀĵ߶
To run at a slow speed or out of gear. Used of a motor vehicle.
תתתڻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass (time) without working or while avoiding work; waste:
˷ѣȣ»ӱܹȣʱ⣩˷ѣ
idle the afternoon away.
һ
To make or cause to be unemployed or inactive.
ʹʹ
To cause (a motor, for example) to idle.
ʹ棩ת
?
Middle English idel 
йӢ idel 
from Old English ol 
Դ Ӣ ol 
?
idleness
n.ʣ
idler
AHD:[odlr] ʣ
idly
adv.ʣ

= =
if
if
AHD:[1f] 
D.J.[!f]
K.K.[!f]
conj.Ӵʣ
In the event that:
ڡ£
If I were to go, I would be late.
ȥҪٵ
Granting that:
裬
If that is true, what should we do?
Ǹô?
On the condition that:
ֻҪĳ£
She will play the piano only if she is paid.
ֻи꣬Ը
Although possibly; even though:
Ȼʹ
It is a handsome if useless trinket.
ȻȴƯС
Whether:
Ƿ
Ask if he plans to come to the meeting.
ǷҪμӻ
Used to introduce an exclamatory clause, indicating a wish:
ԸҪǡöðһԸĸ̾䣬һԸ
If they had only come earlier!
һöð!
n.ʣ
A possibility, condition, or stipulation:
ԡ룺
There will be no ifs, ands, or buts in this matter.
²м衢ӻ򷴶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gif * see  i- 
Դ Ӣ gif *μ i- 
?
In informal writingbothif  and whether  are standard in their use to introduce a clause indicating uncertainty after a verb such as ask, doubt, know, learn,  or see: 
ڷʽдУʹif  wether ﲻԣ߶׼ ask,doubt,know,learn,  seeĶʺ 
We shall soon learn whether (or if ) it is true.  
Ǻܿͻ֪Ƿ񣨻 if ) ʵġ  
In such contexts, however,the use ofif  can sometimes create ambiguities. Depending on the intended meaning, the sentenceLet her know if she is invited  might be better paraphrased 
asLet her know whether she is invited or If she is invited, let her know.   In conditional sentences the clause introduced byif  may contain either a past subjunctive verb (if I were going 
) or an indicative verb ( if I am going; if I was going ), depending on the intended meaning.According to the traditional rule,the subjunctive should be used to describe an occurrence that 
is presupposed to be contrary to fact,as inif I were ten years younger or if Napoleon had won at Waterloo.  The main verb of such a sentence must then contain the modal verbwould  or 
(less frequently) should: 
£if Ϳܻ塣 Let her know if she is invited 仰øҪ˼ ֿ˵ɸǷ  ˣ֪ 
 if ״ӾУ Ժһȥʽ⶯(ȥ )һһ( Ҿȥȥ ) Ҫ˼ͳԭ
һʵ෴ļ裬ʮ  ڻ¬սлʤ  ľҪʱ̬ʻ ڽ£ Ӧ
ã 
If America were still a British colony,
ڻӢֳأ
we would have an anthem that human voices could sing.
Ǿͻһ֧˶ᳪĹ衣
If I were the President,
ͳ
I should (or would ) declare November 1 a national holiday.  When the situation described by theif  clause is not presupposed to be false, however, that clause must contain an 
indicative verb,and the choice of verb in the main clause will depend on the intended meaning: 
Ҿͣ  ) ʮһһΪݼա  ֻҪif ĴӾȾͱΪǲܵģ Ӿоͱʹֱ¶ʣдʵʽҪҪ
 
If Hamlet was really written by Marlowe, as many have argued, then we have underestimated Marlowe's genius.
ܶ˲²ķءһдģǾһֱ͹Ĳܡ
If Kevin was out all day, then it makes sense that he couldn't answer the phone. 
ȷʵһֱ棬绰ҲǺġ 
Note also that the presence of the modal verbwould  in the main clause should not be taken as a sign that the verb in the if  clause must be in the subjunctive, if the content of that 
clause is not presupposed to be false:  
ע⣬ʹ̬would  if ӾһʹΪӾݲһԭȾΪǴģ  
If I was (not were ) to accept their offerwhich I'm still consideringI would have to start the new job on May 2. 
ȥ were ) ǵʢ顪һǡôұ52տʼ¹ 
He would always call her from the office if he was (not were ) going to be late for dinner.   
 were ) ͻٵͻӰ칫Ҵ绰   
Again according to the traditional rule,the subjunctive is not correctly used  following verbs such asask  or wonder  in if  clauses that express indirect questions, even if the content of 
the question is presumed to be contrary to fact: 
⻹Ǹݴͳڶask   wonder  if ļʾ䣬 ʹݱΪʵ෴Ҳʹ 
We wondered if dinner was (not were ) included in the room price. 
֪ͷǷ񱻣 were ) ڷС 
Some of the people we met even asked us if California was (not were ) an island.   
һЩǼǷǣ were ) һ졣  
With all deference to the traditional rules governing the use of the subjunctive,it should be noted that a survey of the prose of reputable writers over the past 200 years would reveal a 
persistent tendency to use the indicativewas  where the traditional rule would require the subjunctive were.  A sentence beginningIf I was the only boy in the world,  while not strictly 
correct, is wholly unremarkable. But the corresponding practice of using the subjunctive in place of the indicative may be labeled a hypercorrection. In spoken Englishthere is a 
growing tendency to usewould have  in place of the subjunctive in contrary-to-fact clauses, as inif I would have been the President,  but this usage is still widely considered 
incorrect.See Usage Note at doubt ,should ,wish 
ָʹ÷Ĵͳͻһϵвͬ÷УӦע⵽һԹȥ200ɢҵĵʾڴͳ﷨Ҫʹʽwere £һֳ־
ʹֱʽ was ơ һüΨһк ͷľӲǵע⡣ һҪеֱʽʽԵýͷӢУʵ
෴ĴӾУʹwould have һʵӣ һͳ  ÷ȻΪǲȷĲμ doubt,should,wish
?
IF
IF  i.f.
abbr.
Intermediate frequency.
в

= =
ignite
ig.nite
AHD:[1g-not] 
D.J.[!g6na!t]
K.K.[!g6na!t]
v.ʣ
ig.nit.ed,ig.nit.ing,ig.nites 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to burn.
ʹȼ
To set fire to.
ʹ
To subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by heat.
ڸ£ҪΪʹ֮
To arouse the passions of; excite:
飻
The insults ignited my anger.
Щ輤ҵķŭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To begin to burn.
Ż𣺿ʼȼ
To begin to glow.
ʼ
?
Late Latin ignoe  ignot- 
 ignoe  ignot- 
from Latin ignis [fire] 
Դ  ignis [] 
?
ignitable  
ignitible
adj.ݴʣ
igniter  
ignitor
n.ʣ

= =
ignorance
ig.no.rance
AHD:[1gnr-ns] 
D.J.[6!gn*r*ns]
K.K.[6!gn*r*ns]
n.ʣ
The condition of being uneducated, unaware, or uninformed.
֪ûܹ֪δ֪״̬

= =
ignorant
ig.no.rant
AHD:[1gnr-nt] 
D.J.[6!gn*r*nt]
K.K.[6!gn*r*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking education or knowledge.
֪ģģȱٽ֪ʶ
Showing or arising from a lack of education or knowledge:
ʾ֪Ļ֪ģ
an ignorant mistake.
޴Ĵ
Unaware or uninformed.
֪ģϢͨ
?
Middle English ignoraunt 
йӢ ignoraunt 
from Old French ignorant 
Դ ŷ ignorant 
from Latin ign?3ns}  ign?rant- [present participle of] ign?r3re [to be ignorant, not to know] * see  gn?- 
Դ  ign?3ns}  ign?rant-  [] ign?r3reڷִ [Ե֪֪] *μ gn?- 
?
ignorantly
adv.ʣ
?
ignorant,uneducated,untaught,unlearned,untutored,unlettered,illiterate
These adjectives mean lacking in knowledge or education.
Щݴʵ˼ָȱ֪ʶġ
 Ignorant  can refer to a person's low level of knowledge in generalor to the person's lack of information about or awareness of a specific fact or subject: 
 Ignorant  һʿָһϵ֪ʶˮƽܵͣҲָһ˶ض¼ȱ˽֪ 
was ignorant of the hidden dangers.
֪ǱΣա
Uneducated, untaught, unlearned,   anduntutored  imply lack of schooling:  
Uneducateduntaughtunlearned  untutored ָȱѧУ  
uneducated youngsters;
ûܹˣ
untaught people whose verbal skills are grossly deficient;
ԼɼѷûϹѧǣ
an unlearned group incapable of understanding complex issues;
ûһȺˣ
an untutored genius.
ѧɳš
Unlettered   describes one deficient in book learning: 
Unlettered  һָ鱾֪ʶѷ 
exhibited contempt for his unlettered colleagues.
ȱīˮͬԵòмһˡ
Illiterate  most often refers to the inability to meet an established minimum level of achievement in reading and writing: 
Illiterate  򳣳ָﲻĶдˮƽģ 
developed special tutorials to assist the illiterate sector of society. 
ϲʶֵǡ 

= =
ignore
ig.nore
AHD:[1g-n?r, -n?r] 
D.J.[!g6n%8, -6n*&r]
K.K.[!g6n%r, -6nor]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ig.nored,ig.nor.ing,ig.nores 
To refuse to pay attention to; disregard.See Regional Note at igg 
ˣܾעӣĳӲμ igg
?
French ignorer 
 ignorer 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ign?3re} * see  gn?- 
Դ  ign?3re} *μ gn?- 
?
ignorable
adj.ݴʣ
ignorer
n.ʣ

= =
ill
ill
AHD:[1l] 
D.J.[!l]
K.K.[!l]
adj.ݴʣ
worse[w?rs] worst[w?rst]  
Not healthy; sick:
ģвģ
I began to feel ill last week.
ڿʼ
Not normal; unsound:
ģģ
an ill condition of body and mind.
ĵĲ
Resulting in suffering; distressing:
ʹģʹյģ
ill effects.

Having evil intentions; hostile or unfriendly:
ģаģӵĻѺõģ
You certainly did me an ill turn.
϶˲ҵֽ
Ascribing an objectionable quality:
ԵģģڷԵʵģ
holds an ill view of that political group.
Ǹַ
Harmful; cruel.
кģп
Not favorable; unpropitious:
ģ˳ģ
ill predictions.
Ԥ
Not measuring up to recognized standards of excellence, as of behavior or conduct.
׼ģģֻΪδﵽϵ׼
adv.ʣ
worse,worst 
In a sickly or unsound manner; not well.
ӵأһֲ̬Ļ򲻺õķʽõ
Scarcely or with difficulty.
ǿأûе
n.ʣ
Evil; sin.
а
Disaster, distress, or harm.
ѣʹ࣬
Something that causes suffering; trouble:
ʹĶգ
the social ills of urban life.
еᷳ
Something that reflects in an unfavorable way on one:
ԣĳ˵
Please don't speak ill of me when I'm gone.
벻Ҫڱ˵ҵĻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse or [bad] 
Դ ˹ά or [] 

= =
illegal
il.le.gal
AHD:[1-l?gl] 
D.J.[!6li8g*l]
K.K.[!6lig*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Prohibited by law.
ΥģǷģΪֹ
Prohibited by official rules:
ģΪٷֹģ
an illegal pass in football.
еķ洫
Computer Science Unacceptable to or not performable by a computer:
ѧ ǷģЧģ޷ܻеģ
an illegal operation.
Ч
n.ʣ
An illegal immigrant.
Ƿ
?
illegally
adv.ʣ

= =
illness
ill.ness
AHD:[1ln1s] 
D.J.[6!ln!s]
K.K.[6!ln!s]
n.ʣ
Disease of body or mind; poor health; sickness.
ϵļ״̬ѣ
A disease.
ĳ־弲
Obsolete Evil; wickedness.
 ⣺аͼ

= =
illuminate
il.lu.mi.nate
AHD:[1-l?m-n3t] 
D.J.[!6lu8m*7ne!t]
K.K.[!6lum*7net]
v.ʣ
il.lu.mi.nat.ed,il.lu.mi.nat.ing,il.lu.mi.nates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide or brighten with light.
ùʹ
To decorate or hang with lights.
ԵװΣõƹװλѵƵȡװЧ
To make understandable; clarify:
ͣ˵ʹĳܱ⣻˵
Cleverly made attacks can often serve to illuminate important differences between candidates, as well as entertain the voters(New Republic)
Ĺͻѡ֮شͬʱȡѡ(¹͹)
To enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand.
ͣϻϽɣʹ˶ĳ
To endow with fame or splendor; celebrate.
ԺգʹʹԲã
To adorn (a page of a book, for example) with ornamental designs, miniatures, or lettering in brilliant colors or precious metals.
װΣװͼģ͡дɫؽʵصĸԣҳװ
To expose to or reveal by radiation.
¶ߣ÷ֶα¶ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lighted; glow.
⣺˸
To provide intellectual or spiritual enlightenment and understanding:
ṩϵʾ⣺
Once you decide to titillate instead of illuminate, you're on a slippery slope(Bill Moyers)
ȡ֣ú˼ʱжͿʧܺͳ衣(ȶĪҮ˹)
To be exposed to or revealed by radiation.
¶ߣ䷢ֻع
n.ʣ
AHD:[-n1t] 
One who has or professes to have an unusual degree of enlightenment.
֪ȾˣȼԳܵرϵ
?
Middle English illuminaten 
йӢ illuminaten 
from Latin ill?3re}  ill?min3t- 
Դ  ill?3re}  ill?min3t- 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
l?3re} [to light up]  from l?n  l?min- [light] * see  leuk- 
l?3re} []  Դ l?n  l?min- [] *μ leuk- 
?
illuminatingly
adv.ʣ

= =
illusion
il.lu.sion
AHD:[1-l?zhn] 
D.J.[!6lu89*n]
K.K.[!6lu9*n]
n.ʣ
An erroneous perception of reality.
󣺶ʵĿ
An erroneous concept or belief.
ĹĹ
The condition of being deceived by a false perception or belief.
ɱε󣺱󿴷ƭֵ״̬
Something, such as a fantastic plan or desire, that causes an erroneous belief or perception.
þ´۵ĴԴһŹֵļƻ
Illusionism in art.
ħַϵĴַ
A fine transparent cloth, used for dresses or trimmings.
ɴ·װε͸ĸĲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ill??}  ill?si?n- 
Դ  ill??}  ill?si?n- 
from Latin [a mocking, irony] 
Դ  [Ū˵ĳŪ] 
from ill?s [past participle of] ill?dere [to mock] 
Դ ill?s  [] ill?dereĹȥִ [Ū] 
in- [against] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
l?e [to play] * see  leid- 
l?e [Ū] *μ leid- 
?
illusional  
illusionary
AHD:[-zh-nr?] ݴʣ
illusionless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
illustrate
il.lus.trate
AHD:[1l-str3t, 1-l?str3t] 
D.J.[6!l*7stre!t, !6lJs7tre!t]
K.K.[6!l*7stret, !6lJs7tret]
v.ʣ
il.lus.trat.ed,il.lus.trat.ing,il.lus.trates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons.
˵ͨӻȷ⽲
To clarify by serving as an example or comparison.
˵֤⽲
To provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative features.
ͼ⣺ṩͼװΣ
Obsolete To illuminate.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To present a clarification, an example, or an explanation.
˵ṩһ˵һ֤һ
?
Latin ill?3re}  ill?str3t- 
 ill?3re}  ill?str3t- 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
l?3re} [to make bright] * see  leuk- 
l?3re} [ʹԻ] *μ leuk- 
?
illustratable
adj.ݴʣ
illustrator
n.ʣ

= =
illustration
il.lus.tra.tion
AHD:[1l-str3shn] 
D.J.[7!l*6stre!.*n]
K.K.[7!l*6stre.*n]
n.Abbr. ill.,illus.ʣд ill.,illus.
The act of clarifying or explaining.
˵ͣ˵͵Ϊ
The state of being clarified or explained.
˵ͺ״̬
Material used to clarify or explain.See Synonyms at example 
֤˵͵Ĳϲμ example
Visual matter used to clarify or decorate a text.
ͼ⣬ͼʾͻװ鱾Ӿ
Obsolete Illumination.
 
?
illustrational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
image
im.age
AHD:[1m1j] 
D.J.[6!m!d9]
K.K.[6!m!d9]
n.ʣ
A reproduction of the form of a person or an object, especially a sculptured likeness.
˻ĸƣָܳĸƷ
Physics An optically formed duplicate, counterpart, or other representative reproduction of an object, especially an optical reproduction of an object formed by a lens or mirror.
ѧ ӳڹѧԭγɵĸƷӦʽĴָͨ͸ӶγɵӾƷ
One that closely or exactly resembles another; a double:
棬ƣȫһ˻ߣ
He is the image of his uncle.
ķ
The opinion or concept of something that is held by the public.
󣬸Ͽɵĳµ
The character projected to the public, as by a person or an institution, especially as interpreted by the mass media.
ģ䷶ĳ֯ĳƼͨý
A personification of something specified:
ض˻
That child is the image of good health.
ǸСǽĻ
A mental picture of something not real or present.
󣺷ʵʵԺеķӳ
A vivid description or representation.
棺
A figure of speech, especially a metaphor or simile.
˵ʽָ
A concrete representation, as in art, literature, or music, that is expressive or evocative of something else:
ѧʹõĴһľ
night as an image of death.
ҹ
Mathematics A set of values of a function corresponding to a particular subset of a domain.
ѧ 㣺ĳһضӦı
Computer Science An exact copy of data in a file transferred to another medium.
ѧ ͼӳתһеĶļݵȫ
Obsolete An apparition.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.aged,im.ag.ing,im.ag.es 
To make or produce a likeness of.
ƣ롭һ
To mirror or reflect.
ӳ
To symbolize or typify.

To picture (something) mentally; imagine.
룬Ժ棨ĳ
To describe, especially so vividly as to evoke a mental picture of.
棺棬Ժӡ
Computer Science To translate (photographs or other pictures) by computer into numbers that can be transmitted to a remote location and then reconverted into pictures by another 
computer.
ѧ Ӱ䣺üƬͼתɿԴ浽Զ֣һֻ̨ԭͼ
To visualize (something), as by magnetic resonance imaging.
ӾӰͨŹķ֣ĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin im3?} 
Դ  im3?} 
?
imageless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
imaginary
i.mag.i.nar.y
AHD:[1-m2j-nr?] 
D.J.[!6m#d9*7neri8]
K.K.[!6m#d9*7nWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Having existence only in the imagination; unreal.
еģõģֻдڵģʵ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Of, relating to, or being the coefficient of the imaginary unit in a complex number.
鲿ϵģһ鲿ϵģ֮йصģ鲿ϵ
Of, relating to, involving, or being an imaginary number.
ģģйصģ
Involving only a complex number of which the real part is zero.
һʵΪĸ
n.ʣ
 i.mag.i.nar.ies ѧ 
An imaginary number.

?
imaginarily
adv.ʣ
imaginariness
n.ʣ

= =
imagination
i.mag.i.na.tion
AHD:[1-m2j-n3shn] 
D.J.[!7m#d9*6ne!.*n]
K.K.[!7m#d9*6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
The formation of a mental image of something that is neither perceived as real nor present to the senses.
鹹Լ޷޷ȷиܵԺγӡĹ
The mental image so formed.
󣺾ԺγɵӰ
The ability or tendency to form such images.
γ
The ability to confront and deal with reality by using the creative power of the mind; resourcefulness:
ǣͨôԵĴγɵӦԺʹʵǣ
handled the problems with great imagination.
Ը߳ǻ۴Щ
A traditional or widely held belief or opinion.
ɼͳĻΪܵ
Archaic 
 
An unrealistic idea or notion; a fancy.
룬룺ʵ뷨
A plan or scheme.
ƻı
?
imaginational
adj.ݴʣ
?
imagination,fancy,fantasy
These nouns refer to the power of the mind to form images, especially of what is not present to the senses.
ЩʶָͷγӡǶ޷ͨйپ
 Imagination  is the most broadly applicable: 
 Imagination  һ㣺 
The actor rehearsed the lines in his imagination.
ԱԺиϰһ̨ʡ
The glorious music haunts my imagination.
ռҵͷԡ
In the world of words, the imagination is one of the forces of nature (Wallace Stevens).
츳֮һ ʿ˹˹
 Fancy  especially suggests mental invention that is whimsical, capricious, or playfuland that is characteristically well removed from reality: 
 Fancy  ҪָŹֵġĻϷ˼ʵرԶ 
which . . . claims to be founded not on fancy . . . but on Fact (Arthur P. Stanley). 
ԳʵԻΪġ ɪP˹̹ 
Is world peace only the fancy of idealists?
ѵƽֻߵĻ?
Fantasy  is applied principally to the product of imagination given free rein and especially to elaborate or extravagant fancy: 
Fantasy  һҪָĻĻ˼ 
The sitting room was a kind of Victorian fantasy, full of cabbage roses, fringe, and tassels.
άʱķǾޱߺա
The poet is in command of his fantasy, while it is exactly the mark of the neurotic that he is possessed by his fantasy (Lionel Trilling).
ʫʹģͬʱҲȷʵǱס񾭹ˡ ڶ֣

= =
imaginative
i.mag.i.na.tive
AHD:[1-m2j-n-t1v, -n3t1v] 
D.J.[!6m#d9*n*t!v, -7ne!t!v]
K.K.[!6m#d9*n*t!v, -7net!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a lively imagination, especially a creative imagination.
ģģرдԵ
Created by, indicative of, or characterized by imagination or creativity.
ģģģʾģʹΪ
Tending to indulge in the fanciful or in make-believe.
ģڡڻͼװ
Having no truth; false.
ٵģʵģٵ
?
imaginatively
adv.ʣ
imaginativeness
n.ʣ

= =
imagine
i.mag.ine
AHD:[1-m2j1n] 
D.J.[!6m#d9!n]
K.K.[!6m#d9!n]
v.ʣ
i.mag.ined,i.mag.in.ing,i.mag.ines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form a mental picture or image of.
ͷγĳͼ
To think; conjecture:
룻룺
I imagine you're right.
ҲǶԵ
To have a notion of or about without adequate foundation; fancy:
룺ûгָݵγһ뷨룺
She imagines herself to be a true artist.
Լһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To employ the imagination.

To make a guess; conjecture.
룻Ʋ
?
Middle English imaginen 
йӢ imaginen 
from Old French imaginer 
Դ ŷ imaginer 
from Latin im33ro} 
Դ  im33ro} 
from im3?}  im3gin- [image] 
Դ im3?}  im3gin- [Ӱ] 
?
imaginer
n.ʣ

= =
imitate
im.i.tate
AHD:[1m1-t3t] 
D.J.[6!m!7te!t]
K.K.[6!m!7tet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.i.tat.ed,im.i.tat.ing,im.i.tates 
To use or follow as a model.
ЧЧһģʹû׷
To copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic:
ģ£հĳ˵Ķòϰߺͽģ⣺
amused friends by imitating the teachers.
ģʦȡö
To copy or use the style of:
ģ»áķ
brushwork that imitates Rembrandt.
ģײʵĻ滭
To copy exactly; reproduce.
ȷظƣ
To appear like; resemble.

?
Latin imit3o}  imit3t- 
 imit3o}  imit3t- 
?
imitator
n.ʣ
?
imitate,copy,mimic,ape,parody,simulate
These verbs mean to follow something or someone taken as a model. To
Щʵ˼ǷЧΪ䷶ĳĳˡ
 imitate  is to act like or follow a pattern or style set by another: 
 imitate  ķʽȥ 
The adults drank their tea in a ceremonious manner, and the children imitated them.
ǿ׵غŲ裬ģǡ
The decorator had the wood paneling painted to imitate marble.
Ṥľģ´ʯ
Art imitates Nature (Richard Franck).Tocopy is to duplicate an original as precisely as possible:  
ģȻ ¡ˣcopy Ǿܾȷظԭ  
tried to copy her cultivated accent;
ģŵĿ
a building that evokes the neoclassic style of architecture without copying it. Tomimic is to make a close imitation, as of another's actions, speech, or mannerisms, often with an intent 
to ridicule: 
һ¹ŵ彨ûհĽ mimic Ƕ˵Ķϰߵģ£ ΪȡЦ 
fresh carved cedar, mimicking a glade/Of palm and plaintain (John Keats). 
¿̵ѩɣƽ/ֺƽԭ Լôȣ 
In private the candidate mimicked his opponent's stammer. Toape is to follow another's lead slavishly but often with an absurd result: 
˽ǸѡģŶֵĿڳԡ ape ūƵķձ˵ָ ƵĽ 
Those [superior] states of mind do not come from aping an alien culture  (John Russell).Toparody is either to imitate with comic effect or to attempt a serious imitation and fail:  
Щ ״̬ԶĻķա  Լأparody ǻģ»ģµʧˣ  
All these peculiarities [of Samuel Johnson's literary style] have been imitated by his admirers and parodied by his assailants  (Macaulay).Tosimulate is to feign or falsely assume 
the appearance or character of something:  
ص ѾĳЧĹŪģˡ  simulate Ǽװĳı  
I . . . lay there simulating death (W.H. Hudson).
ҡǶװˡ (WH

= =
imitation
im.i.ta.tion
AHD:[1m1-t3shn] 
D.J.[7!m!6te!.*n]
K.K.[7!m!6te.*n]
n.Abbr. imit.ʣд imit.
The act or an instance of imitating.
ģ£ģµĶ
Something derived or copied from an original.
ϮƷԭԴճԭĶ
Music Repetition of a phrase or sequence often with variations in key, rhythm, and voice.
֡ ־ظһ̾һ־ظ仯
adj.ݴʣ
Made to resemble another, usually superior material:
ƷͨϺõĲƳɵһƵƷ
imitation fur.
Ƥ
?
imitational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
immediate
im.me.di.ate
AHD:[1-m?d?-1t] 
D.J.[!6mi8di8!t]
K.K.[!6midi!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring at once; instant:
̵ģ̷ģģ
gave me an immediate response.
ϸҴ
Of or near the present time:
ģڵģӽڵģ
in the immediate future.
ڲԶĽ
Of or relating to the present time and place; current:
Ŀǰģ͵ʱйصģǰģ
It is probable that, apart from the most immediate, pragmatic, technical revisions, the writer's effort to detach himself from his work is quixotic(Joyce Carol Oates)
ǰġʵõģԵ޸⣬ʹԼԶƷŬпǲʵʵġ(˿޶´)
Close at hand; near:
ٽģڵģ
in the immediate vicinity.See Synonyms at close 
ٽĵμ close
Next in line or relation:
̵ģ¸ģڶлϵģ
is an immediate successor to the president of the company.
˾ܲļ̳
Directly apprehended or perceived:
ֱģֱʶģ
had immediate awareness of the scope of the crisis.
ΣķΧֱӵʶ
Acting or occurring without the interposition of another agency or object; direct.
ֱӵģнģûһýͷģֱӵ
?
Middle English immediat 
йӢ immediat 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin immedi3s 
Դ  immedi3s 
Latin in- [not] * see  in- 1
 in- [] *μ in-1
medi3s [past participle of] medi3re [to be in the middle] * see  mediate 
medi3s  [] medi3reĹȥִ [м] *μ mediate
?
immediateness
n.ʣ

= =
immediately
im.me.di.ate.ly
AHD:[1-m?d?-1t-l?] 
D.J.[!6mi8di8!tli8]
K.K.[!6midi!tli]
adv.ʣ
Without delay.
ӵأû
Without an intermediary; directly:
ûýأֱӵأ
met with the parties immediately involved in the suit.
ֱȥϵĵ
conj.Ӵʣ
As soon as; directly:
ϣֱӵأ
They phoned immediately they reached home.
ǵҺϴ˵绰

= =
immense
im.mense
AHD:[1-mns] 
D.J.[!6mens]
K.K.[!6mWns]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely large; huge.
ģ޴
Of boundless or immeasurable size or extent.See Synonyms at enormous 
嫵ģڳ߶ȻΧޱ߽Ļ޷Ĳμ enormous
Informal Surpassingly good; excellent.
ʽ ǳõģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin imm?s 
Դ  imm?s 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
m?s [past participle of] m?toro [to measure] * see  m?- 2
m?s  [] m?toroĹȥִ [] *μ m?- 2
?
immensely
adv.ʣ
immenseness
n.ʣ

= =
immerse
im.merse
AHD:[1-m?rs] 
D.J.[!6mT8s]
K.K.[!6mPs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.mersed,im.mers.ing,im.mers.es 
To cover completely in a liquid; submerge.See Synonyms at dip 
ûҺȫûûμ dip
To baptize by submerging in water.
ʩýˮеķʽʩϴ
To engage wholly or deeply; absorb:
ԡУ룺ȫش£רڣ
scholars who immerse themselves in their subjects.
ͷڿѧ
?
From Middle English immersed [embedded deeply] 
Դ йӢ immersed [ؽ] 
from Latin immersus [past participle of] immergere [to immerse] 
Դ  immersus  [] immergereĹȥִ [û] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
mergere [to dip] 
mergere [] 

= =
immigrant
im.mi.grant
AHD:[1m1-grnt] 
D.J.[6!m!gr*nt]
K.K.[6!m!gr*nt]
n.ʣ
A person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another.
뿪ԼĹҲöӵ
A plant or an animal that establishes itself in an area where it previously did not exist.
ĶֲȺڴûĵֲ

= =
immune
im.mune
AHD:[1-myo?n] 
D.J.[!6mjo*&n]
K.K.[!6mjoon]
adj.ݴʣ
Not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt:
ģģܵԼģģ
immune from taxation; immune from criminal prosecution.
˰
Not affected by a given influence; unresponsive:
ӰģûзӦģ
immune to persuasion.
ܱ˵
Immunology Of, relating to, or having immunity to infection by a specific pathogen.
ѧ ߵģڡڻжĳضԭĸȾ
n.ʣ
A person who is immune.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin imm?s * see  mei- 1
Դ  imm?s *μ mei- 1

= =
impact
im.pact
AHD:[1mp2kt] 
D.J.[6!m7p#kt]
K.K.[6!m7p#kt]
n.ʣ
The striking of one body against another; collision.
ײһһĻײ
The force or impetus transmitted by a collision.
ײݵ
The effect or impression of one thing on another:
Ӱ죺һһӰӡ
still gauging the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.
ȻڹԶԹӰ
The power of making a strong, immediate impression:
Ӱܿġӡ
a speech that lacked impact.
Ӱ˵
v.ʣ
im.pact.ed,im.pact.ing,im.pacts[1m-p2kt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pack firmly together.
ѹ
To strike forcefully:
ײ
meteorites impacting the lunar surface.
ʯײ
Usage Problem To have an effect or impact on.
÷ѡ ڡӰ
v.intr.Usage Problem ﶯʣ÷ѡ 
To have an effect or impact.
ԡӰ
?
From Latin imp3s [past participle of] impingere [to push against] * see  impinge 
Դ  imp3s  [] impingereĹȥִ [] *μ impinge
?
impaction
n.ʣ
?
impact,repercussion
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a strong effect exerted by one person or thing on another: 
Щʹе˼Ϊһ˻һ˻ʩӵǿӰ졣 
the far-reaching impact of an oil embargo;
ʯͽ˵ԶӰ죻
a strike that had dire repercussions. See also Synonyms at  collision 
µİչ μͬ collision
?
Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact  as a verb, 
but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact  meaning have an effect, affect. Eighty-four percent of the Usage 
Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on,  as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community;  and fully 95 percent 
disapproves of the use ofimpact  as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health.  But even these 
figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as bureaucratic, pretentious, vile, and 
a vulgarism. It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact  is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the 
noun impact,  as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision  or the impact of the program on the community,  in which no more is usually meant than might have been 
expressed by effects  or consequences.  But thoughimpact  may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for affect significantly, it has by now become so common 
in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be 
no more objectionable thancontact  is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 
ÿһҺһر÷ΪΪϵ޴Ϊʮǰcontact Ϊʵ÷ ǶʽķԻѾʧˣע
ڼеimpact ˼ΪвõӰ졢Ӱ족Ķ÷ϡ ÷רСԱаٷ֮ʮĲͬto impact on Ľṹ ڶڳ˵ͨᲡѧ
һ˺ܴӰ У ٷ֮ʮĳԱȫͬimpact ھ ˾Ѿʹ˿ܻǵĽӰ״ еﶯʹá Ǽ
ʹЩҲûзӳǶ÷ĳ̶ȣǵ۵ЩԱ÷˵ǡġװǻƵġɳܵġ˵ǡֱɵ
Ҳimpact Ķ÷йγɷǴ impact һı÷ܱɵġ ڶϵӰ  ƻԹڵӰ
 ˼ûб effects  consequences ˼Ҫࡣ impact ΪԵӰ족Ŀ˵һ֮ǰʼ ڵһʹ
߿ȥȫ׼ġֱӵ÷ڹͬĺ͹ѾձˡӦڼڣ÷пܲȽcontact 𷴶ԣ ΪЩʹ
˵ⲻԵе˲μ contact

= =
impair
im.pair
AHD:[1m-par] 
D.J.[!m6pe*]
K.K.[!m6pWr]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.paired,im.pair.ing,im.pairs 
To cause to diminish, as in strength, value, or quality:
٣ֵȵļ٣
an injury that impaired my hearing; a severe storm impairing communications.See Synonyms at injure 
ˣƻͨŵĴ籩μ injure
?
Middle English empairen 
йӢ empairen 
from Old French empeirer 
Դ ŷ empeirer 
from Vulgar Latin *imp??r3re} 
Դ  *imp??r3re} 
Latin in- [causative pref.] * see  in- 2
 in- [ʾʹ۶ʵǰ] *μ in-2
Late Latin p??r3re} [to worsen]  from Latin p?r  p?i?r- [worse] * see  ped- 
 p??r3re} [ʹø]  Դ  p?r  p?i?r- [] *μ ped- 
?
impairment
n.ʣ

= =
impart
im.part
AHD:[1m-p?rt] 
D.J.[!m6p$8t]
K.K.[!m6p$rt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.part.ed,im.part.ing,im.parts 
To grant a share of; bestow:
ָ裺ĳһ֣裺
impart a subtle flavor; impart some advice.
ϣһЩ
To make known; disclose:
֪͸¶
persuaded to impart the secret.
Ȱ˵͸¶
?
Middle English imparten 
йӢ imparten 
from Old French impartir 
Դ ŷ impartir 
from Latin impertoore} 
Դ  impertoore} 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
partoe [to share]  from pars  part- [part] * see  per- 2
partoe []  Դ pars  part- [] *μ per- 2

= =
impatient
im.pa.tient
AHD:[1m-p3shnt] 
D.J.[!m6pe!.*nt]
K.K.[!m6pe.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Unable to wait patiently or tolerate delay; restless.
Եģĵȴģ
Unable to endure irritation or opposition; intolerant:
ջģܴ̼ܳ򷴶Եģ̵ģ
impatient of criticism.
ʾջ
Expressing or produced by impatience:
ͷģʾͷģͷɵģ
an impatient scowl.
ͷŭ
Restively eager or desirous; anxious:
ģģеĻģеģ
impatient to begin.
Ȳؿʼ
?
Middle English impacient 
йӢ impacient 
from Old French impatient 
Դ ŷ impatient 
from Latin impati?s  impatient- 
Դ  impati?s  impatient- 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
pati?s [present participle of] pato [to suffer, endure] * see  patient 
pati?s  [] patoڷִ [ܣ] *μ patient
?
impatiently
adv.ʣ

= =
imperative
im.per.a.tive
AHD:[1m-pr-t1v] 
D.J.[!m6per*t!v]
K.K.[!m6pWr*t!v]
adj.Abbr. imp.ݴʣд imp.
Expressing a command or plea; peremptory:
רģʾģΥģ
requests that grew more and more imperative.
ԽԽǿƵҪ
Having the power or authority to command or control.
ǿƵģȨȨȥƵ
Grammar Of, relating to, or constituting the mood that expresses a command or request.
﷨ ʹģʾ򹹳Ҫ
Impossible to deter or evade; pressing:
Ҫģģֹܷӱܵģģ
imperative needs.See Synonyms at urgent 
Ҫμ urgent
n.Abbr. imp.ʣд imp.
A command; an order.
Ҫ
An obligation; a duty:
Σ
social imperatives.
ְ
A rule, a principle, or an instinct that compels a certain behavior:
ʹʹȡĳһΪĹԭܣ
a people driven to aggression by territorial imperatives.
ΪԳԵ
Grammar 
﷨ 
The imperative mood.
ʹ
A verb form of the imperative mood.
ʹ
?
Middle English imperatif [relating to the imperative mood] 
йӢ imperatif [ʹйص] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin imper3ovus} 
Դ  imper3ovus} 
from Latin imper3s [past participle of] imper3re [to command] * see  emperor 
Դ  imper3s  [] imper3reĹȥִ [] *μ emperor
?
imperatively
adv.ʣ
imperativeness
n.ʣ

= =
imperial
im.pe.ri.al
AHD:[1m-p?r?-l] 
D.J.[!m6p!*ri8*l]
K.K.[!m6p!ri*l]
adj.Abbr. imp.ݴʣд imp.
Of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress:
۹ģʵ۵ģ۹Ļġ۹Ļйصġʾ۹Ļģָʵ۵ĻŮʵģ
imperial rule; the imperial palace.
۹ͳΣʹ
Ruling over extensive territories or over colonies or dependencies:
ģͳιֳءεصģ
imperial nations.

Having supreme authority; sovereign.
ȨģģϵȨģߵ
Regal; majestic.
ʼҵģׯϵ
Outstanding in size or quality.
شģؼģڴСڵ
Of or belonging to the British Imperial System of weights and measures.
ӢƵģӢƵĻڶӢƵ
n.ʣ
An emperor or empress.
ʵۻŮ
The top of a carriage.
ĳ
Something outstanding in size or quality.
شţؼƷڴСڵ
A variable size of paper, usually 23 by 33 inches.
ֽųߴ磬ͨ2323Ӣ
A pointed beard grown from the lower lip and chin.
ף´°͵һС縺
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin imperi3s 
Դ  imperi3s 
from imperium [command] * see  empire 
Դ imperium [] *μ empire
N., sense 5, after the beard of  Napoleon III 
5Դ  Napoleon IIIĺ
?
imperially
adv.ʣ

= =
impetus
im.pe.tus
AHD:[1mp1-ts] 
D.J.[6!mp!t*s]
K.K.[6!mp!t*s]
n.ʣ
 im.pe.tus.es 
An impelling force; an impulse.
ƶ̼
The force or energy associated with a moving body.
˶һ˶е
Something that incites; a stimulus.
̼
Increased activity in response to a stimulus:
Դ̼ﷴӦӵĻ
The approaching deadline gave impetus to the investigation.
ƶ̸
?
Latin 
 
from impetere [to attack] 
Դ impetere [] 
in- [against] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
petere [to go towards, seek] * see  pet- 
petere [Ѱ] *μ pet- 

= =
implement
im.ple.ment
AHD:[1mpl-mnt] 
D.J.[6!mpl*m*nt]
K.K.[6!mpl*m*nt]
n.ʣ
A tool or an instrument used in doing work:
ߣеʹõĹ߻е
a gardening implement.See Synonyms at tool 
԰չ߲μ tool
An article used to outfit or equip.
װҾߣװװ䱸Ʒ
A means of achieving an end; an instrument or agent.
ý飬ֶΣﵽĿĵ;ֶλý
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.ple.ment.ed,im.ple.ment.ing,im.ple.ments[-mnt]  
To put into practical effect; carry out:
ʹЧִУ
implement the new procedures.See Synonyms at enforce 
ʵʩµĳμ enforce
To supply with implements.
ṩ
?
Middle English [supplementary payment] 
йӢ [⸶Ŀ] 
from Old French emplement [act of filling] 
Դ ŷ emplement [Ķ] 
from Late Latin impl?m 
Դ  impl?m 
from Latin impl?e [to fill up] 
Դ  impl?e [] 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ǿǰ] *μ in-2
pl?e [to fill] * see  pel- 1
pl?e [] *μ pel- 1
?
implementation
AHD:[-mn-t3shn, -mn-] ʣ
implementer
n.ʣ
?
The verbimplement,  meaning to put into practice, carry out, has in fact been in use since the 19th century.Critics have sometimes objected to the verb as jargon,but its obvious 
usefulness appears to have outweighed their reservations.Eighty-nine percent of the Usage Panel accepts the usage in the sentenceThe mayor's office announced the creation of a 
special task force that will be responsible for implementing the new policy.  
˼ΪʹЧִСĶimplement  ʵ19ѾڱʹáʱΪɬѶԣ;ԶԶѹǵı÷רСٷ
֮ʮŵĳԱھг칫ΪִߵרСĳ е÷ 

= =
implication
im.pli.ca.tion
AHD:[1mpl1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7!mpl!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7!mpl!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of implicating or the condition of being implicated.
ǣ漰ǣĶǣ״̬
The act of implying or the condition of being implied.
ʾʾĶ򱻰ָ״̬
Something that is implied, especially:
⣺ʾĶָ
An indirect indication; a suggestion.
ָ
An implied meaning; implicit significance.
壻
An inference.

?
implicative
adj.ݴʣ
implicatively
adv.ʣ

= =
implicit
im.plic.it
AHD:[1m-pl1s1t] 
D.J.[!m6pl!s!t]
K.K.[!m6pl!s!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Implied or understood though not directly expressed:
ģû˵Ѱʾᵽģ
an implicit agreement not to raise the touchy subject.
ἰлĺЭ
Contained in the nature of something though not readily apparent:
еģȻԵĳıеģ
Frustration is implicit in any attempt to express the deepest self(Patricia Hampl)
ҵκͼںŴ۸С(ǡն)
Having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning:
ŲɵģԵģʵĻޱģʵģ
implicit trust.

?
Latin implicitus 
 implicitus 
variant of implic3s [past participle of] implic3re [to entangle] * see  implicate 
 implic3  [] implic3reĹȥִ [ʹ] *μ implicate
?
implicitly
adv.ʣ
implicitness
n.ʣ

= =
imply
im.ply
AHD:[1m-plo] 
D.J.[!m6pla!]
K.K.[!m6pla!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.plied,im.ply.ing,im.plies 
To involve by logical necessity; entail:
У߼ȻУʹҪ
Life implies growth and death.
Ȼгɳ
To express or indicate indirectly:
ʾӵرʾ
His tone implied disapproval.See Synonyms at suggest See Usage Note at infer 
ʾĲͬμ suggestμ infer
Obsolete To entangle.
 ʹ
?
Middle English implien 
йӢ implien 
from Old French emplier [to enfold] 
Դ ŷ emplier [ӵ] 
from Latin implic3e * see  implicate 
Դ  implic3e *μ implicate

= =
import
im.port
AHD:[1m-p?rt, -p?rt, 1mp?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[!m6p%8t, -6p*&rt, 6!m7p%8t, -7p*&rt]
K.K.[!m6p%rt, -6port, 6!m7p%rt, -7port]
v.ʣ
im.port.ed,im.port.ing,im.ports 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring or carry in from an outside source, especially to bring in (goods or materials) from a foreign country for trade or sale.
ڣⲿԴ룬ָΪҵ루ϣ
Computer Science To transfer (a file, for example) from one database to another.
ѧ 룺ѣļһݿתƵһݿ
To carry or hold the meaning of; signify:
С˼ζţ
a high inflation rate importing hard times for the consumer.See Synonyms at mean 1
ܸߵͨʶ˵ζӲù˲μ mean1
To imply.
ʾ
Archaic To have importance for.
 ԡشϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be significant.See Synonyms at count 1
ҪԲμ count1
n.ʣ
AHD:[1mp?rt, -p?rt] 
Abbr. imp.Something imported.
д imp.ڵƷ
The act or occupation of importing goods or materials.
̣ڣƷϵΪְҵ
Meaning; signification.See Synonyms at meaning 
˼μ meaning
Importance; significance:
Ҫԣ壺
a legal decision of far-reaching import.See Synonyms at importance 
Զķɾμ importance
?
Middle English importen [to convey a meaning] 
йӢ importen [һ˼] 
from Medieval Latin import3e 
Դ  import3e 
and from Old French importer [to cause] 
Դ ŷ importer [] 
both from Latin import3e [to carry in, cause] 
Դ  import3e [룬] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
importability
n.ʣ
importable
adj.ݴʣ
importer
n.ʣ

= =
importance
im.por.tance
AHD:[1m-p?rtns] 
D.J.[!m6p%8tns]
K.K.[!m6p%rt2s]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being important; significance.
Ҫԣ壺Ҫʻ״̬Ҫ
Personal status; standing.
˵ݣλ
Obsolete An important matter.
 Ҫ
Obsolete Meaning; import.
 ˼
Obsolete Importunity.
 
?
importance,consequence,moment,significance,import,weight
These nouns refer to the state or quality of being significant, influential, or worthy of note or esteem.
ЩָҪġӰĻֵע𾴵״ʡ
 Importance  is the most general term: 
 importance  ͨ˵ 
The importance of a proper diet in maintaining health should not be disregarded.
ȷʳϰάҪԲݺӡ
In this profession, training and experience are of equal importance.
ҵУѵ;ȵҪԡ
Cartoonists are considered by some to be artists of secondary importance.
ұЩΪǵڶҪҡ
Consequence  is especially applicable to persons or things of notable rank or position ( 
Consequence  رݺ͵λֵע𾴵˻( 
scholars of consequence) and to what is important because of its possible outcome, result, or effect ( 
Ժյѧ) ԼܵĳɹӰԵҪ( 
Changes in the tax law are of consequence to all investors). 
˰еı仯Ͷ˵ʮҪ) 
 Moment  implies importance or consequence that is readily apparent: 
 Moment  ָԵҪԻ壺 
Heads of state are confronted with making decisions of great moment.
Ԫشľ
Significance   andimport refer to the quality of something, often not obvious, that gives it special meaning or value:  
Significance  import ָǸֵʣͨԣ  
Your vote can be of real significance in the outcome of the election.
ǵͶƱѡٵش塣
The works of John Locke are of great social import.
Լ˵Ʒкܴ塣
Weight  is frequently used when a personal evaluation or judgment of importance is suggested: 
Weight  ʾ˵ļֵ;Ҫԣ 
The popular faction at Rome . . . was led by men of weight (J.A. Froude).
 ƽԺյҪ쵼ġ (JA͵£

= =
important
im.por.tant
AHD:[1m-p?rtnt] 
D.J.[!m6p%8tnt]
K.K.[!m6p%rt2t]
adj.Abbr. imp.ݴʣд imp.
Strongly affecting the course of events or the nature of things; significant:
ҪģӰģǿӰ¼Ľ̻ʵģģ
an important message that must get through; close friends who are important to me.
봫ҪϢ˵ǳҪ
Having or suggesting a consciousness of high position or authority; authoritative:
ҪģȨģоʾλȨģһȨ̬֮ģ
recited the decree with an important air.
Ȩ̬
Obsolete Importunate.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin import3s  important- [present participle of] import3re [to mean] 
Դ  import3s  important-  [] import3reڷִ [ʾ˼] 
from Latin [to import] * see  import 
Դ  [Ҫ] *μ import
?
importantly
adv.ʣ
?
Some critics have objected to the use of the phrasemore importantly  in place of more important  as a means of introducing an assertion, as inMore importantly, there is no party ready 
to step into the vacuum left by the Communists.  But both forms are widely used by reputable writers,and there is no obvious reason for preferring one or the other.In an earlier 
surveythe introductory use ofmore importantly  was acceptable to half of the members of the Usage Panel. 
һЩѾԶmore importantly ΪһԵķ more important  ھӸҪǣû׼빲ȥ  
ʽҹ㷺ʹãûԵ˵ĸĸáڵĵУmore importantly ʹö÷רСİԱ˵ǿԽܵ 

= =
impose
im.pose
AHD:[1m-p?z] 
D.J.[!m6p*&z]
K.K.[!m6poz]
v.ʣ
im.posed,im.pos.ing,im.pos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To establish or apply as compulsory; levy:
գգǿƵؽãգ
impose a tax.
˰
To apply or make prevail by or as if by authority:
ǿʵУûȨûƹ㣺
impose a peace settlement.See Synonyms at dictate 
ǿкƽμ dictate
To obtrude or force (oneself, for example) on another or others.
ǿѣǿȣĳˣܻ߰ѣԼǿڱͷ
Printing To arrange (type or plates) on an imposing stone.
ӡˢ ѡƴ棺ѣǦֻƬеƴ̨
To offer or circulate fraudulently; pass off:
թƭƭԵṩ򴫲ð䣺
imposed a fraud on consumers.
Ѽٻ۸˿
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take unfair advantage:
ռˣ
You are always imposing on their generosity.
ñ˵Ŀռ
?
Middle English imposen 
йӢ imposen 
from Old French imposer 
Դ ŷ imposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to put, place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [] *μ pose1
of Latin imp?e [to place upon] 
  imp? [] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
p?e [to place] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
imposer
n.ʣ

= =
impossible
im.pos.si.ble
AHD:[1m-p?s-bl] 
D.J.[!m6pKs*b*l]
K.K.[!m6p$s*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Incapable of having existence or of occurring.
ܵģܴڻ
Not capable of being accomplished:
ɵģ
an impossible goal.
ܴﵽĿ
Unacceptable; intolerable:
ܽܵģܵģ
impossible behavior.
ܽܵΪ
Extremely difficult to deal with or tolerate:
ӦģѴܵģ
an impossible child; an impossible situation.
ĺӣֵ״
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin impossibilis 
Դ  impossibilis 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
possibilis [possible] * see  possible 
possibilis [ܵ] *μ possible
?
impossibly
adv.ʣ

= =
impress
impress 1
AHD:[1m-prs] 
D.J.[!m6pres]
K.K.[!m6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.pressed,im.press.ing,im.press.es 
To affect strongly, often favorably:
ʹжǿҵҾӰ죺
wrote down whatever impressed me during the journey; was impressed by the child's sincerity.See Synonyms at affect 1
йʹҸжǺӵĳֿжμ affect1
To produce or attempt to produce a vivid impression or image of:
ӡԺӡ󣺲ͼӡ
a scene that impressed itself on his memory; tries to impress the value of money on the students.
ӡľͼѧǮļֵиӡ
To mark or stamp with or as if with pressure:
ӡӡʴ
impressed a design on the hot wax.
ϼӸͼ
To apply with pressure; press.
ѹǣѹѹ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1mprs] 
The act of impressing.
ѹĶ
A mark or pattern produced by or as if by impressing.See Synonyms at impression 
ѹӡѹۣͨͨѹӡǻͼμ impression
A stamp or seal meant to be impressed.
ͼ£Ǵͼ»ӡ
?
Middle English impressen [to imprint] 
йӢ impressen [ӡ] 
from Old French empresser 
Դ ŷ empresser 
from Latin impressus [past participle of] imprimere 
Դ  impressus  [] imprimereĹȥִ 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
premere [to press] * see  per- 4
premere [ѹ] *μ per- 4
?
impress
impress 2
AHD:[1m-prs] 
D.J.[!m6pres]
K.K.[!m6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.pressed,im.press.ing,im.press.es 
To compel (a person) to serve in a military force.
٣ǿȣһˣھз
To seize (property) by force or authority; confiscate.
գȨƶȡƲ乫
n.ʣ
AHD:[1mprs] 
Impressment.
ǿۣǿ
?
in- 2
in-2
press 2 influenced by imprest [advance on a soldier's pay (obsolete)] 
press2  imprestӰ[ʿнˮԤ] 

= =
impression
im.pres.sion
AHD:[1m-prshn] 
D.J.[!m6pre.*n]
K.K.[!m6prW.*n]
n.ʣ
An effect, a feeling, or an image retained as a consequence of experience.
ӡ󣬸룺ΪĽЧо
A vague notion, remembrance, or belief:
ģĹ
I have the impression that we have met once before.
Լǵǰ
A mark produced on a surface by pressure.
ӡǣӡۣѹڱγɵĺۼ
The act or process of impressing.
ӡƵĶ߹
Printing 
ӡˢ 
All the copies of a publication printed at one time from the same set of type.
ӡӡΣͬһ汾һӡˢӡˢ
A single copy of such a printing.
ӡˢƷӡˢƷеһ
A humorous imitation of the voice and mannerisms of a famous person done by an entertainer.
Ȥζģ£Ա˵̬Ĭģ
An initial or single coat of color or paint.
ɫ㣺Ļһϻ
Dentistry An imprint of the teeth and surrounding tissues, formed with a plastic material that hardens into a mold for use in making dentures, inlays, or plastic models.
ѧ ӡģݼΧ֯ӡۣϲƳɣӲΪһģӣǶģ
?
impression,impress,imprint,print,stamp
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a visible mark made on a surface by pressure: 
Щʹе˼ǡѹγɵıϿüӡǡ 
an impression of a notary's seal on wax;
ϵĹ֤ӡ´ǣ
the impress of bare feet in the sand;
ɳ̲ϵĹŽӡ
a medal marked with the imprint of a bald eagle;
һͺӥǵĽ£
a tar driveway with the print of automobile tires;
̥ӡ۵İ·
a gold ingot with the refiner's stamp. 
ж͹־Ľ 

= =
impressive
im.pres.sive
AHD:[1m-prs1v] 
D.J.[!m6pres!v]
K.K.[!m6prWs!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Making a strong or vivid impression; striking or remarkable:
ӡ̵ģӡģ˵Ļ߲ƽģ
an impressive ceremony.
شף
?
impressively
adv.ʣ
impressiveness
n.ʣ

= =
imprison
im.pris.on
AHD:[1m-pr1zn] 
D.J.[!m6pr!z*n]
K.K.[!m6pr!z*n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
im.pris.oned,im.pris.on.ing,im.pris.ons 
To put in or as if in prison; confine.
ؽؽ
?
Middle English emprisonen 
йӢ emprisonen 
from Old French emprisoner 
Դ ŷ emprisoner 
en- [in]  from Latin in- * see  in- 2
en- [ڡ]  Դ  in- *μ in-2
prison [prison] * see  prison 
prison [] *μ prison
?
imprisonable
adj.ݴʣ
imprisonment
n.ʣ

= =
improve
im.prove
AHD:[1m-pr?v] 
D.J.[!m6pru8v]
K.K.[!m6pruv]
v.ʣ
im.proved,im.prov.ing,im.proves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise to a more desirable or more excellent quality or condition; make better.
ƣʹߵһûɫ״̬ʣ
To increase the productivity or value of (land or property).
߼ֵߣػز߼ֵ
To put to good use; use profitably.
ãܺõãʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become better.
ø
To make beneficial additions or changes:
Ľƣӻ߸ı䣺
improve on the translation.
Ľƪ
?
Middle English improwen [to enclose land for cultivation] 
йӢ improwen [ΪȦ] 
from Anglo-Norman emprouwer [to turn to profit] 
Դ Ӣ emprouwer [ʹתΪӯ] 
Old French en- [causative pref.]  from Latin in * see  in- 2
ŷ en- [ԭǰ׺]  Դ  in *μ in-2
prou [profit]  from Late Latin pr?e [advantageous] * see  proud 
prou []  Դ  pr?e [Ƶ] *μ proud
?
improve,better,help,ameliorate
These verbs mean to advance to a more desirable, valuable, or excellent state.
ЩʶζŸĽһõġмֵĻõ״̬
 Improve   andbetter, the most general terms, are often interchangeable: 
 Improve  better ͨ÷ Ҿ滻ʹõģ 
improve(or better ) the mind through study; 
ͨѧϰĽ better  ˼ά 
had a haircut to improve (or better ) his appearance; 
Ըƣ better   
practicing to improve (or better ) her golf game. 
Ϊߣ better  ĸ߶򼼶ϰ 
It is sometimes difficult for disadvantaged people to improve (or better ) their situation in life. 
Щʱм˺Ѹƣ better  ǵ 
Help  in this sense usually implies limited relief or change for the better: 
Help  ˼ָΪ˱øö޵İı䣺 
Gargling helps a sore throat. Toameliorate is to improve or better circumstances that demand change:  
ڼԺʹЧ ameliorate ָĽҪ仯ƣ  
Volunteers could do little to ameliorate conditions in the refugee camp. 
־ԸǶԸӪ״κ顣 

= =
improvement
im.prove.ment
AHD:[1m-pr?vmnt] 
D.J.[!m6pru8vm*nt]
K.K.[!m6pruvm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or process of improving.
ĽƣƵĶ
The state of being improved.
Ľ״̬
A change or an addition that improves.
ĽƴĽı仯

= =
impulse
im.pulse
AHD:[1mp?ls] 
D.J.[6!m7pJls]
K.K.[6!m7pJls]
n.ʣ
An impelling force; an impetus.
ʹԵ
The motion produced by such a force.
ƶɵƶ
A sudden wish or urge that prompts an unpremeditated act or feeling; abrupt inclination:
嶯ͻȻԸµδǵж͸ܣͻأ
had an impulse to run away; an impulse of regret that made me hesitate; bought a hat on impulse.
һܿĳ嶯ͻĺ֮ԥѪһñ
A motivating force or tendency:
ܣ
Respect for the liberty of others is not a natural impulse in most men(Bertrand Russell)
Դ˵˵ɲһȻıܡ()
Electronics A surge of electrical power in one direction.
ѧ 壺ĵӿ
Physics The product obtained by multiplying the average value of a force by the time during which it acts. The impulse equals the change in momentum produced by the force in this 
time interval.
ѧ ƽƽֵʱ˵ĽʱڲĶı仯
Physiology The electrochemical transmission of a signal along a nerve fiber that produces an excitatory or inhibitory response at a target tissue, such as a muscle or another nerve.
ѧ 壺źάĵ绯ԵĴĿ֯ϲ˷ܵĻƵķӦڼһ
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by impulsiveness or acting on impulse:
嶯ģԳ嶯жΪģ
an impulse shopper; impulse buying.
˵Ĺߣ˹
?
Latin impulsus [from past participle of] impellere [to impel] * see  impel 
 impulsus  [] ԴimpellereĹȥִ [ʹʹ] *μ impel

= =
in
.in
abbr.
 India [in Internet addresses] 
India[in Internet addresses] 
?
In
In
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element indium 
 Ԫindiumķ
?
IN
IN
abbr.
 Indiana. 
Indiana.
?
in
in 1
AHD:[1n] 
D.J.[!n]
K.K.[!n]
prep.ʣ
Within the limits, bounds, or area of:
ڡ䡢޻ڣ
was hit in the face; born in the spring; a chair in the garden.
ϣڴ԰һ
From the outside to a point within; into:
룻ڣ
threw the letter in the wastebasket.
ӽֽ¨
To or at a situation or condition of:
ﵽĳ״̬Σ
was split in two; in debt; a woman in love.
ֳ룻ծеŮ
Having the activity, occupation, or function of:
ĳֻְҵã
a life in politics; the officer in command.
ϵģָӹ
During the act or process of:
ĳжУ
tripped in racing for the bus.
׷Ϲʱ
With the arrangement or order of:
ĳְŻ
fabric that fell in luxuriant folds; arranged to purchase the car in equal payments.
лϣŷڸͬ
After the style or form of:
ĳַʽ
a poem in iambic pentameter.
дɵʫ
With the characteristic, attribute, or property of:
ĳƷʻԣ
a tall man in an overcoat.
Ŵµһߴ
By means of:
ĳַʽ
paid in cash.
ֽ֧
Made with or through the medium of:
ûͨĳý飺
a statue in bronze; a note written in German.
ͭõдı
With the aim or purpose of:
ĳĿĻĿ꣺
followed in pursuit.

With reference to:
ָ
six inches in depth; has faith in your judgment.
Ϊ6Ӣ磻ȷж
Used to indicate the second and larger term of a ratio or proportion:
ָʣڴҪĺͽϴı
saved only one in ten.
ֻʡʮ֮һ
adv.ʣ
To or toward the inside:
棺
opened the door and stepped in.
˽ȥ
To or toward a destination or goal:
ĳĿĵػĿ꣺
The mob closed in.
ͽΧ
Baseball To home base; so as to score:
 رݣ÷֣
runs batted in; singled the runner in.
ܻرݣһݰ
Within a place, as of business or residence:
ĳأڹصھӴ
The manager is in before anyone else.
ڱ֮ǰ͵
So as to include or incorporate:
԰룺
Fold in the egg whites.
ѵȥ
So as to occupy a position of success or favor:
Իȡɹְܳλ
campaigned hard and was voted in.
Ҿѡ
In a particular relationship:
ĳĹϵУ
got in bad with their supervisor.
ලദò
adj.ݴʣ
Located inside; inner.
ģڲ
Incoming; inward:
ģڵģ
took the in bus.
¿Ĺ
Holding office; having power:
ִģȨģ
the in party.
ִ
Informal 
ʽ 
Currently fashionable:
Ŀǰеģ
the in thing to wear this season.
ڵװ
Concerned with or attuned to the latest fashions:
׷ϳģ
the in crowd.See Synonyms at fashionable 
ʱֵǲμ fashionable
n.ʣ
One that has position, influence, or power:
ִеλӰȨˣ
the ins against the outs.
ִҰĶ
Informal Influence; power:
ʽ Ӱ죻Ȩ
had an in with the authorities.
뵱Ĺϵ
?
in for
Guaranteed to get or have:
֤õӵУ
You're in for a big surprise.
϶һ
in that
For the reason that.
Ϊ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  en 
Դ Ӣ *μ en 
?
in
in 2 in.
abbr.
 Inch. 
Inch.

= =
inaugurate
in.au.gu.rate
AHD:[1n-?gy-r3t] 
D.J.[!n6%8gj*7re!t]
K.K.[!n6%gj*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.au.gu.rat.ed,in.au.gu.rat.ing,in.au.gu.rates 
To induct into office by a formal ceremony.
ְͨʽľְְλ
To cause to begin, especially officially or formally:
ʼָٷĻʽģ
inaugurate a new immigration policy.See Synonyms at begin 
µ߲μ begin
To open or begin use of formally with a ceremony; dedicate:
Ļһʽʼãʽ
inaugurate a community center.
һĵʽ
?
Latin inaugur3e  inaugur3t- 
 inaugur3e  inaugur3t- 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ǰ׺ڼǿ] *μ in-2
augur3e [to augur]  from augur [soothsayer] * see  aug- 
augur3e [ԤʾԤ]  Դ augur [] *μ aug- 
?
inaugurator
n.ʣ

= =
incentive
in.cen.tive
AHD:[1n-snt1v] 
D.J.[!n6sent!v]
K.K.[!n6sWnt!v]
n.ʣ
Something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort.
̼; ; ж򼤷Ŭĳ£ԳͷĿ־Խ
adj.ݴʣ
Serving to induce or motivate:
̼; շģʹģ
an incentive bonus for high productivity.
ݼԽߵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin incentom [from neuter of] incentovus [inciting] 
Դ  incentom  [] ԴincentovusԴ [] 
from Latin [setting the tune] 
Դ  [׼ģУ] 
from incentus [past participle of] incinere [to sound] 
Դ incentus  [] incinereĹȥִ [] 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ǰ׺ڼǿ] *μ in-2
canere [to sing] * see  kan- 
canere [] *μ kan- 

= =
inch
inch 1
AHD:[1nch] 
D.J.[!nt.]
K.K.[!nt.]
n.Abbr. in,in.ʣд in,in.
A unit of length in the U.S. Customary and British Imperial systems, equal to !/12 of a foot (2.54 centimeters).See table at measurement 
磬Ӣ磺׼ĺӢƵĳȵλ!/12Ӣ(2.54ףμ measurement
A fall, as of rain or snow, sufficient to cover a surface to the depth of one inch.
λɸǵر1ӢĽѩ
A unit of atmospheric pressure that is equal to the pressure exerted by a one-inch column of mercury at the earth's surface at a temperature of 0=C.
ѹλѹλһѹ൱ڵ¶Ϊ0=CʱһӢˮѹ
A very small degree or amount:
ǳСĳ̶Ȼ
won't budge an inch.
һܶ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
inched,inch.ing,inch.es 
To move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees:
ƶŲʹءһһŲ
inching along through stalled traffic; inched the chair forward.
ڳлнǰŲһ
?
every inch
In every respect; entirely:
ÿ棻ȫأ
Ay, every inch a king!(Shakespeare)
ÿ涼ְĹ(ɯʿ)
inch by inch
Very gradually or slowly.
ѭ򽥽ػ
within an inch of
Almost to the point of:
ﵽĳһ㣺
came within an inch of death.
ٽıԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ynce 
Դ Ӣ ynce 
from Latin uncia [one twelfth of a unit] * see  oi-no- 
Դ  uncia [һλʮ֮һ] *μ oi-no- 
?
inch
inch 2
AHD:[1nch] 
D.J.[!nt.]
K.K.[!nt.]
n.Scots ʣո 
A small island.
С
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Scottish Gaelic innis 
Դ ոĸǶ innis 
from Old Irish inis 
Դ Ű inis 

= =
incidence
in.ci.dence
AHD:[1ns1-dns] 
D.J.[6!ns!d*ns]
K.K.[6!ns!d*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of happening; occurrence:
֣Ϊ¼֣
did not expect criticism and was surprised by its incidence.
ܵδԤϵеԾ
Extent or frequency of occurrence:
ƵʣֵķΧ̶ȻƵʣ
a high incidence of malaria in the tropics.
ȴűĸ߷
Physics 
ѧ 
The arrival of radiation or a projectile at a surface.
䣺ͶӰĳһ
Angle of incidence.


= =
incident
in.ci.dent
AHD:[1ns1-dnt] 
D.J.[6!ns!d*nt]
K.K.[6!ns!d*nt]
n.ʣ
A definite and separate occurrence; an event.See Synonyms at occurrence 
ض¼ȷ򵥶¼μ occurrence
A usually minor event or condition that is subordinate to another.
¼һµһͨС¼
Something contingent on or related to something else.
ˣ¼Ա¼Ϊص
An occurrence or event that interrupts normal procedure or precipitates a crisis:
ͻ¼ͻΣ¼
an international incident.
¼
adj.ݴʣ
Tending to arise or occur as a result or an accompaniment:
ⷢģģΪ﷢ֵģ
There is a professional melancholy . . . incident to the occupation of a tailor(Charles Lamb)
һְҵԾ뵡ڲ÷һҵв(˹ķ)
Related to or dependent on another thing.
¼ģ¼ģصĻһµ
Physics Falling upon or striking a surface:
ѧ ģͶڻһģ
incident radiation.
ķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [apt to happen, an incident] 
Դ ŷ [׷ģ¼] 
from Latin incid?s  incident- [present participle of] incidere [to happen] 
Դ  incid?s  incident-  [] incidereڷִ [] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
cadere [to fall] * see  kad- 
cadere [䣬] *μ kad- 

= =
incidentally
in.ci.den.tal.ly
AHD:[1ns1-dntl-?] 
D.J.[7!ns!6dentli8]
K.K.[7!ns!6dWntli]
adv.ʣ
As a minor or subordinate matter:
żԵأΪĻҪ£
by profession a lawyer and incidentally a musician.
ְҵʦҵּ
also [-dntl?] Apart from the main subject; parenthetically.
Ҳ [-dntl?] ˳أⲻͬأ

= =
incline
in.cline
AHD:[1n-klon] 
D.J.[!n6kla!n]
K.K.[!n6kla!n]
v.ʣ
in.clined,in.clin.ing,in.clines 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deviate from the horizontal or vertical; slant.
бƽֱбб
To be disposed to a certain preference, opinion, or course of action.
򣬽ӽͬĳһضϲá۵ж
To lower or bend the head or body, as in a nod or bow.
ףͷĵͻ䣬ͷϹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to lean, slant, or slope.
бʹбб
To influence to have a certain tendency; dispose:
ӰԳһض򣻴ã
Recent events incline us to distrust all politicians.
ڷ¼ʹǲе
To bend or lower in a nod or bow:
ףͷʱͣ
inclined her head in acquiescence.
ͷĬ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1nklon] 
An inclined surface; a slope or gradient.
б棻б»б
?
Middle English enclinen 
йӢ enclinen 
from Old French encliner 
Դ ŷ encliner 
from Latin inclo3re} 
Դ  inclo3re} 
in- [into, toward] * see  in- 2
in- [룬] *μ in-2
-clo3re} [to lean] * see  klei- 
-clo3re} [бб] *μ klei- 
?
incliner
n.ʣ
?
incline,bias,dispose,predispose
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to influence or be influenced toward a particular attitude or course of action: 
ЩʹеĺǡӰӰһ̬Ȼж̡ 
wasn't inclined to believe the excuse;
Ըڣ
is unjustly biased in her favor;
ƫ
an accomplishment that disposes us to admire him;
һǳĳɾͣ
isn't predisposed to the study of history. See also Synonyms at  slant disincline 
ͲԸѧϰʷ μͬ slantdisincline

= =
include
in.clude
AHD:[1n-kl?d] 
D.J.[!n6klu8d]
K.K.[!n6klud]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.clud.ed,in.clud.ing,in.cludes 
To take in as a part, an element, or a member.
Ϊһ֡ɷֻԱ
To contain as a secondary or subordinate element.
УΪҪġĳɷֶ
To consider with or place into a group, class, or total:
룬ȥһ֯ײ壺
thanked the host for including us.
л˰Ҳ˽
?
Middle English includen 
йӢ includen 
from Latin incl?e [to enclose] 
Դ  incl?e [رգ] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [룬] *μ in-2
claudere [to close] 
claudere [ر] 
?
includable  
includible
adj.ݴʣ
?
include,comprise,comprehend,embrace,involve
These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger.
ЩʶаĳһЩʹ֮Ϊһֵ˼
 Include   andcomprise both take as their objects things or persons that are constituent parts. 
 Include  comprise ָ˻ȥΪɵĲ֡ 
 Comprise  usually implies that all of the components are stated: 
 Comprise  ָͨеĳɷֶǹ̶ģ 
The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 15 chapters. 
ⱾУ˼ɡɣ 15¡ 
Include,  like the remaining terms,more often implies an incomplete listing: 
Include  ļһָȫ룺 
included a reference to the accompanist in the review of the concert;
ڶֻ̨ᵽ˰ࣻ
will include an amount for postage in my payment.
ҵĸʷѡ
Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in We, the people (Barbara C. Jordan).
վͥжҵڱˡǣⱾ ͰCǵ
 Comprehend   andembrace  usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements as part of something broader:  
 Comprehend  embrace ָͨһЩԵĳɷ֣  
The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations.
ѧϰмȰѧְ֪ʶѧϰ
No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior.
ûһܰΪÿ档
Involve  usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition: 
Involve  ͨΪһ߼Ľȥ 
Every argument involves some assumptions (Brooke F. Westcott).
κ۶ǣ浽ĳЩٶ ³ˡF˹أ
?
Some writers have insisted thatinclude  be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. On this account,one may writeNew England 
includes Connecticut and Rhode Island,  but one must usecomprise  or consist of  when a full enumeration is provided:  
Щ߼Ϊinclude ֻһݵĲɡ ۵㣬ǿдӢҸ޵µ  Ǳcomprise  consist of ʾȫ
ѱг  
New England comprises (not includes ) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.  
Ӣ includes ) Ҹݣ޵µݣݣݣºʲݺݡ  
This restriction is too strong.Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentenceThe bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used  
does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open.When one wants to make clear that the listing is 
exhaustive, however,the use ofcomprise  or consist of  will avoid ambiguity. Thus the sentenceThe task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region  allows for the 
possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence withcomprise  would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Note at 
comprise 
̫ϸˡInclude Ҳָȫɲ־г ݴˣ仰οӦõе ζű뺬гĶ ǵ
ȷֿԡԣҪȫģʹcomprise  consist of Ϳɱ 仰ǲӰڸõִڵĺ ʹк
½սӺ½ҲμӵĿԣ ͬľcomprise ͱʾСֻɺ μ comprise

= =
inclusive
in.clu.sive
AHD:[1n-kl?s1v] 
D.J.[!n6klu8s!v]
K.K.[!n6klus!v]
adj.Abbr. incl.ݴʣд incl.
Taking a great deal or everything within its scope; comprehensive:
ģ޹㷺ģÿһ¶䷶Χ֮ڵģۺԵģ
an inclusive survey of world economic affairs.
羭ۺϵ
Including the specified extremes or limits as well as the area between them:
޵; ˵ģĳ˵Ҳڵģ
the numbers one to ten, inclusive.
һʮһ͡ʮҲ
?
inclusively
adv.ʣ
inclusiveness
n.ʣ

= =
income
in.come
AHD:[1nk?m] 
D.J.[6!n7kJm]
K.K.[6!n7kJm]
n.ʣ
Abbr. inc.The amount of money or its equivalent received during a period of time in exchange for labor or services, from the sale of goods or property, or as profit from financial 
investments.
д inc.룬һʱõĽǮͬ棬ۻʲͶʵ
The act of coming in; entrance.
Ķ
?
Middle English [arrival, entrance] 
йӢ [] 
from incomen [to come in] 
Դ incomen [] 
from Old English incuman 
Դ Ӣ incuman 
in [in] * see  in 1
in [ڡ] *μ in1
cuman [to come] * see  come 
cuman [] *μ come

= =
incorporate
in.cor.po.rate
AHD:[1n-k?rp-r3t] 
D.J.[!n6k%8p*7re!t]
K.K.[!n6k%rp*7ret]
v.ʣ
in.cor.po.rat.ed,in.cor.po.rat.ing,in.cor.po.rates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To unite (one thing) with something else already in existence:
ϲѣһϲѴڵĳУ
incorporated the letter into her diary.
дռ
To admit as a member to a corporation or similar organization.
ձ࣬룺ĳձһ˾Ƶ֯
To cause to merge or combine together into a united whole.
ϣϣʹϻϲĳһ
To cause to form into a legal corporation:
ʹɺϷĹ˾
incorporate a business.
齨˾
To give substance or material form to; embody.
ʵʣݻʽ廯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become united or combined into an organized body.
ϣϲϻһ֯ʵ
To become or form a legal corporation:
Ϊ齨Ϸ˾
San Antonio incorporated as a city in 1837.
ʥ³ǽ1837
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-pr-1t] 
Combined into one united body; merged.
ϲģϵģһģϲ
Formed into a legal corporation.
ɺϷ˾
?
Middle English incorporaten 
йӢ incorporaten 
from Late Latin incorpor3e  incorpor3t- [to form into a body] 
Դ  incorpor3e  incorpor3t- [һ廯] 
Latin in- [in] * see  in- 2
 in- [] *μ in-2
Latin corpus  corpor- [body] * see  corpus 
 corpus  corpor- [] *μ corpus
?
incorporable
AHD:[-pr--bl] ݴʣ
incorporation
n.ʣ
incorporative
adj.ݴʣ
incorporator
n.ʣ

= =
incorrect
in.cor.rect
AHD:[1nk-rkt] 
D.J.[7!nk*6rekt]
K.K.[7!nk*6rWkt]
adj.ݴʣ
Not correct; erroneous or wrong:
ȷģëģ
an incorrect answer.
Ļش
Defective; faulty:
ȱģëģ
incorrect programming of the computer.
ȱݵļ
Improper; inappropriate:
ǡģ˵ģ
incorrect behavior.
˵Ϊ
?
incorrectly
adv.ʣ
incorrectness
n.ʣ

= =
increase
in.crease
AHD:[1n-kr?s] 
D.J.[!n6kri8s]
K.K.[!n6kris]
v.ʣ
in.creased,in.creas.ing,in.creas.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become greater or larger.

To multiply; reproduce.
ֳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make greater or larger.
ӣ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1nkr?s] д inc.,incr.
The act of increasing:
Ϊ
a steady increase in temperature.
³
The amount or rate by which something is increased:
ʣĳʣ
a tax increase of 15 percent.
ٷ֮ʮ˰
Obsolete Reproduction and spread; propagation.
 ƺɢֳ
?
on the increase
Increasing, especially in frequency of occurrence:
,ֵָƵʣ
Crime is on the increase.
ڲ
?
Middle English encresen 
йӢ encresen 
from Old French encreistre  encreiss- 
Դ ŷ encreistre  encreiss- 
from Latin incr?e 
Դ  incr?e 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ڼǿǰ׺] *μ in-2
cr?e [to grow] * see  ker- 2
cr?e [] *μ ker- 2
?
increasable
adj.ݴʣ
increaser
n.ʣ
increasingly
adv.ʣ
?
increase,expand,enlarge,extend,augment,multiply
These verbs mean to make or become greater or larger.
Щʶĺ塣
 Increase   applies most widely;it sometimes suggests steady growth: 
 Increase  Ӧ÷Χ㣻ʱָȶ 
Absence diminishes mediocre passions and increases great ones (La Rochefoucauld). 
ֱʹƽӹĸȴʹĸǿ ƣ 
The mayor's political influence rapidly increased. Toexpand  is to increase in size, area, volume, bulk, or range:  
гӰѸ expand ָڴСݻΧȷ  
He does exercises to expand his chest.
ؼ
Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion (C. Northcote Parkinson).
ڹ涨ʱɹ (C˹ءɭ
 Enlarge   refers to expansion in size, extent, capacity, or scope: 
 Enlarge  ָڴС̶ȡΧȷ 
The landowner enlarged her property by repeated purchases.
ӵ߲ͣĲƲ
Our group of friends is enlarging by leaps and bounds. Toextend is to lengthen in space or time or to broaden in range, as of application: 
ǵȦڷٵ extend ָӴռ䡢ӳʱΧ Ӧã 
The transit authority extended the subway line to the next town.
ͨ䲿Űѵ쵽һ
The baseball season may be extended.
򼾽ڿܻӳ
His [Jefferson's] eye, like his mind, sought an extended view  (Dumas Malone).
ģ۽ѷģ ۾ͷһúԶ  Ī˹
 Augment  usually applies to what is already developed or well under way: 
 Augment  ͨѾչĻڽչ״̬ģ 
augmented her collection of books;
Ĳ飻
depression that augments with each visit to the hospital. Tomultiply is to increase in number, especially by propagation or procreation: 
ÿοѹ֮顣 multiply ָĿϵӣ ֳֳָ 
As for my cats, they multiplied (Daniel Defoe). 
 ҵèֻ Ѹ 
May thy days be multiplied! (Sir Walter Scott).
ԸӵԽԽʱ䣡 ء˾ؾʿ

= =
incredible
in.cred.i.ble
AHD:[1n-krd-bl] 
D.J.[!n6kred*b*l]
K.K.[!n6krWd*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
So implausible as to elicit disbelief:
ܲɵģŵģ˲ʵŵģ
gave an incredible explanation of the cause of the accident.
¹ʷԭŵĽ
Astonishing:
˵ģ
dressed with incredible speed.
Ծ˵ٶȴ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin incr?s 
Դ  incr?s 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
cr?s [believable] * see  credible 
cr?s [ŵ] *μ credible
?
incredibility  
incredibleness
n.ʣ
incredibly
adv.ʣ

= =
incur
in.cur
AHD:[1n-k?r] 
D.J.[!n6kT8]
K.K.[!n6kP]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.curred,in.cur.ring,in.curs 
To acquire or come into (something usually undesirable); sustain:
ãõûõͨΪܻӭ£ܣ
incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.
ڹƱгʱ˾޴ʧ
To become liable or subject to as a result of one's actions; bring upon oneself:
ǣεĻĳжģԼ
incur the anger of a friend.
һѵķŭ
?
Middle English incurren 
йӢ incurren 
from Old French encorir 
Դ ŷ encorir 
from Latin incurrere [to run upon] 
Դ  incurrere [ϣײ] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
currere [to run] * see  kers- 
currere [] *μ kers- 

= =
indeed
in.deed
AHD:[1n-d?d] 
D.J.[!n6di8d]
K.K.[!n6did]
adv.ʣ
Without a doubt; certainly:
ʵأȷأ
very cold indeed; was indeed grateful.
ȷǳ䣻ȷܸм
In fact; in reality:
أʵϣ
said the car would break down, and indeed it did.
˵ǳỵڰ·Ҳȷʵ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise, skepticism, or irony.
ģȷԱʾȡɻ
?
Middle English in dede [in fact] 
йӢ in dede [ʵ] 
in [in] * see  in 1
in [ڡ] *μ in1
dede [deed, fact] * see  deed 
dede [жʵ] *μ deed

= =
indefinite
in.def.i.nite
AHD:[1n-df-n1t] 
D.J.[!n6def*n!t]
K.K.[!n6dWf*n!t]
adj.Abbr. indef.ݴʣд indef.
Not definite, especially:
ȷģָ
Unclear; vague.
ģģ
Lacking precise limits:
ȱȷƵģ
an indefinite leave of absence.
ڳߵϯȷƵ
Uncertain; undecided:
ȷģδģ
indefinite about their plans.
δǵļƻ
?
indefinitely
adv.ʣ
indefiniteness
n.ʣ

= =
independence
in.de.pend.ence
AHD:[1nd1-pndns] 
D.J.[7!nd!6pend*ns]
K.K.[7!nd!6pWnd*ns]
n.ʣ
Abbr. ind.The state or quality of being independent.
д ind.ڶ״̬ж
Archaic Sufficient income for comfortable self-support; a competence.
 Ը룺ʹԼ㹻룻ʹԼ
?
Independence
In.de.pend.ence
AHD:[1nd1-pndns] 
D.J.[7!nd!6pend*ns]
K.K.[7!nd!6pWnd*ns]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of western Missouri, a suburb of Kansas City. A starting point for the Santa Fe and Oregon trails during the 19th century, it was the home of President Harry S Truman. His 
gravesite and presidential library are here. Population, 112,301.
ǣһУλڿ˹ǽ19ʥո·㡣ӡ³ͳļ硣³ŵķĹͳͼݾλڴ˳С˿112,301

= =
independent
in.de.pend.ent
AHD:[1nd1-pndnt] 
D.J.[7!nd!6pend*nt]
K.K.[7!nd!6pWnd*nt]
adj.Abbr. ind.ݴʣд ind.
Not governed by a foreign power; self-governing.
ģεģⲿͳεģε
Free from the influence, guidance, or control of another or others; self-reliant:
˿Ƶ; ģĳĳЩ˻Ӱ졢ָƵģģ
an independent mind.
ͷ
Not determined or influenced by someone or something else; not contingent:
ģģ˻ӰģżģżȻģ
a decision independent of the outcome of the study.
о޹صľ
Often Independent Affiliated with or loyal to no one political party or organization.
  Independent ޵ɵģûм򲢲κһεɻ֯
Not dependent on or affiliated with a larger or controlling group or system:
ӪģҲĳĻҪļŻϵ
an independent food store.
ӪʳƷ
Not relying on others for support, care, or funds; self-supporting.
Ըģ˵İĻģ
Providing or being sufficient income to enable one to live without working:
Թ±ģṩ㹻ĲƲʹĳͶͿģ
a person of independent means.
һӵԹĲƲ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Not dependent on other variables.
Ա֧
Of or relating to a system of equations no one of which can be derived from another equation in the system.
ʽģڻһ鷽йصģһ̲ܴͬ鷽̽𰸵
Independent Of or relating to the 17th-century English Independents.
 Independent ɵģڻ17Ӣɽͽйص
n.ʣ
Often Independent One that is independent, especially a voter, an officeholder, or a political candidate who is not committed to a political party.
  Independent ޵ʿʿʿָκһεɵѡ񡢹ְԱκѡ
Independent A member of a movement in England in the 17th century advocating the political and religious independence of individual congregations.
 Independent ɽͽ17Ӣһڽ˶֮ԱŻκڽ϶
Independent Chiefly British A Congregationalist.
 Independent Ӣ ɽͽ

= =
index
in.dex
AHD:[1ndks] 
D.J.[6!n7deks]
K.K.[6!n7dWks]
n.ʣ
 in.dex.es  in.di.ces [-d1-s?z]  
Abbr. ind.Something that serves to guide, point out, or otherwise facilitate reference, especially:
д ind.һָָʾ򷽱ѰϵĶ
An alphabetized list of names, places, and subjects treated in a printed work, giving the page or pages on which each item is mentioned.
ĸ˳еӡˢƷƣÿעҳ
A thumb index.
Ĵָ
A table, file, or catalog.
Ŀ¼Ŀ¼ļĿ¼Ŀ¼
Something that reveals or indicates; a sign:
ʾаʾʾõĶźţ
Her face . . . was a fair index to her disposition(Samuel Butler)
ʾʵһܺõָꡱ(Ѷ)
Printing A character (F) used in printing to call attention to a particular paragraph or section.Also called  fist ,hand 
ӡˢ ָʾӡˢʹõһո(F)Ƕĳһض򲿷ֵҲ  fist,hand
An indicator or a pointer, as on a scientific instrument.
ǣָ꣺ǻָţڿѧϵ
Mathematics A number or symbol, often written as a subscript or superscript to a mathematical expression, that indicates an operation to be performed on, an ordering relation 
involving, or a use of the associated expression.
ѧ ָָһţдѧʽ²ϲʾһдɵļ㣬ӦĴϵһر
A number derived from a formula, used to characterize a set of data.
ָʽеһ֣Աʾһϵݵ
Index Roman Catholic Church A list formerly published by Church authority, restricting or forbidding the reading of certain books.
 Index ̡ ¼ǰɽ̻Ȩ嵥涨ƻֹĶĳЩ鼮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.dexed,in.dex.ing,in.dex.es 
To furnish with an index:
ΪһĿ¼
index a book.

To enter in an index.
ѡ
To indicate or signal.
ָʾָʾ
To adjust through indexation.
޸ģָı̳޶
?
Middle English [forefinger] 
йӢ [ʳָ] 
from Latin * see  deik- 
Դ  *μ deik- 
?
indexer
n.ʣ

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indicate
in.di.cate
AHD:[1nd1-k3t] 
D.J.[6!nd!7ke!t]
K.K.[6!nd!7ket]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
indi.cat.ed,indi.cat.ing,indi.cates 
To show the way to or the direction of; point out:
ָʾָ·ָ
an arrow indicating north; indicated the right road by nodding toward it.
ָʾļͷͷָȷ·
To serve as a sign, symptom, or token of; signify:
ʾΪһֱ־֢״
The cracking and booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature(Henry David Thoreau)
ʱʾ¶ȵı仯(ά)
To suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability of:
˵ʾʾĳ֮ҪԡԻԣ
The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.
֢״
To state or express briefly:
ʾ򵥶Ҫ˵
indicated his wishes in a letter; indicating her approval with a nod.
ϼҪرԸͷͬ
?
Latin indic3e  indic3t- [to show] 
 indic3e  indic3t- [չʾ] 
from index [forefinger, indicator] * see  deik- 
Դ index [ʳָָʾ] *μ deik- 
?
indicatory
AHD:[-k-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
?
indicate,argue,attest,bespeak,betoken,testify,witness
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give grounds for supposing or inferring the existence or presence of something: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡΪ²ƶĳĴṩ  
a fever indicating illness;
ձ˼
a shabby house that argues poverty;
ƾɵķʾƶ
paintings that attest the artist's genius;
츳Ļ滭Ʒ
disorder that bespeaks negligence;
Ļң
melting snows that betoken spring floods;
ѩˣڳ˴ĺˮ
a comment testifying ignorance;
¶֪һۣ
a stunned silence that witnessed his astonishment. 
֪ĳĬ˵ 

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indication
in.di.ca.tion
AHD:[1nd1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7!nd!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7!nd!6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. indn.ʣд indn.
The act of indicating.
ʾָ㡢ָʾΪ
Something that serves to indicate; a sign:
־ָʾʾźţ
smiles, frowns, and other indications of emotion.
΢ЦüԼһЩ仯ļ
Something indicated as necessary or expedient:
ָӦ֢бҪԻԵ
Bed rest is usually the indication for flu cases.
ͨвУԴϢǱҪ
The degree indicated by a measuring instrument.
ָʾڲеĶָʾĶ

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indicative
in.dic.a.tive
AHD:[1n-d1k-t1v] 
D.J.[!n6d!k*t!v]
K.K.[!n6d!k*t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Serving to indicate:
ģָʾģ
symptoms indicative of anemia; an insignia indicative of high rank.
ƶѪ֢״λĻ
Abbr. indic.Grammar Of, relating to, or being the mood of the verb used in ordinary objective statements.
д indic.﷨ ģֱµģ򵥿͹۳Ķģ֮йص
n.Abbr. indic.Grammar ʣд indic.﷨ 
The indicative mood.
ʾ
A verb in the indicative mood.
ֱ¶ʣõĶ
?
indicatively
adv.ʣ

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indifferent
in.dif.fer.ent
AHD:[1n-d1fr-nt, -d1frnt] 
D.J.[!n6d!f*r*nt, -6d!fr*nt]
K.K.[!n6d!f*r*nt, -6d!fr*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by a lack of partiality; unbiased:
ģģƫصģûƫģ
a properly indifferent jury.
ϸ
Not mattering one way or the other.
ĵģҪģںַʽ
Having no marked feeling for or against.
ƫеģûԵϲû
Having no particular interest in or concern for; apathetic:
ĮģĵģûرȤرĵģͬģ
indifferent to the sufferings of others.
ԱܵʹĮȻ֮
Being neither too much nor too little; moderate.
ʶȵģȲ̫Ҳ̫ٵģеȵ
Being neither good nor bad; mediocre:
һģƽģȲҲģеȵģ
an indifferent performance.
һƽӹı
Being neither right nor wrong.
ԵģȲҲ
Not active or involved; neutral:
ԵģԾĻ򲻲ģԵģ
an indifferent chemical in a reaction.
ӦвԾĻѧɷ
Biology Undifferentiated, as cells or tissue.
ѧ ֻģٷֻȥģϸ֯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin indiffer?s  indifferent- 
Դ  indiffer?s  indifferent- 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
differ?s [different] * see  different 
differ?s [ͬ] *μ different
?
indifferently
adv.ʣ
?
indifferent,unconcerned,incurious,detached,uninterested
These adjectives mean marked by an absence of interest.
Щݴʵ˼ǲġȤġ
 Indifferent  applies most broadly;it can suggest lack of partiality, bias, or preference or a lack of feeling one way or another: 
 Indifferent  õ㣻Աʾƫԣûгɼûƫãģ 
The universe is not hostile, nor yet is it friendly. It is simply indifferent (John H. Holmes).
ûе⣬ҲѺãֻ䵭 Լȡķ˹
 Unconcerned  implies not only a lack of interest but also a lack of solicitude, feeling, concern, or care: 
 Unconcerned  ָȤҲͬ飬ǣģ 
blithely unconcerned about his friend's plight.
ֻԼѵĮġ
Incurious  stresses absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity: 
Incurious  ǿȱԵ̽ѯͱܵĺģ 
strangely incurious about the causes of the political upheaval surrounding her.
Էߵη籩ԭȻ޶ԡ
Detached  suggests absence of involvement together with an impersonal point of view: 
Detached  ָ룬ͬʱԴп͹۵Ŀ 
[His] maturity appears in the detached clear-sightedness with which he could observe his own character  (David Cecil).
 ģ ͹۹ĶУֶʹʡԼԸ  ά
 Uninterested  merely denotes lack of interest: 
 Uninterested  ʾȱȤ 
an uninterested spectator;
һԴ˲ȤĹڣ
an uninterested glance. See also Synonyms at  average 
ȤһƳ μͬ average

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indignant
in.dig.nant
AHD:[1n-d1gnnt] 
D.J.[!n6d!gn*nt]
K.K.[!n6d!gn*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by or filled with indignation.See Synonyms at angry 
ڷŭĻߵĲμ angry
?
Latin indign3s  indignant- [present participle of] indign3ro [to be indignant] 
 indign3s  indignant-  [] indign3roڷִ [ŭ] 
from indignus [unworthy] * see  indign 
Դ indignus [ֵõ] *μ indign
?
indignantly
adv.ʣ

= =
indignation
in.dig.na.tion
AHD:[1nd1g-n3shn] 
D.J.[7!nd!g6ne!.*n]
K.K.[7!nd!g6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
Anger aroused by something unjust, mean, or unworthy.See Synonyms at anger 
ŭ򲻹ġ˽ֵõ¶ķŭμ anger
?
Middle English indignacioun 
йӢ indignacioun 
from Old French indignation 
Դ ŷ indignation 
from Latin indign3?}  indign3ti?n- 
Դ  indign3?}  indign3ti?n- 
from indign3s [past participle of] indign3ro [to regard as unworthy] 
Դ indign3s  [] indign3roĹȥִ [Ϊֵ] 
from indignus [unworthy] * see  indign 
Դ indignus [ֵõ] *μ indign

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indirect
in.di.rect
AHD:[1nd1-rkt, -do-] 
D.J.[7!nd!6rekt, -da!-]
K.K.[7!nd!6rWkt, -da!-]
adj.ݴʣ
Diverging from a direct course; roundabout.
۵ģƫֱ·ģػص
Not proceeding straight to the point or object.
ӵģֱӴﵽĿĻյ
Not forthright and candid; devious.
̹ʵģֱ˵ġ̹׵ģƭ
Not directly planned for; secondary:
ӵģҪģǴֱȡõģڶģ
indirect benefits.
ӵ
Reporting the exact or approximate words of another with such changes as are necessary to bring the original statement into grammatical conformity with the sentence in which it is 
included:
ֱõģΪ﷨ȷñ˵ԭʱԭĴҪĸģ
indirect discourse.

Logic Involving, relating to, or being the proof of a statement by the demonstration of the impossibility or absurdity of the statement's negation.
߼ѧ ֤ģ֤ģǡڻ֤йصģͨ۵ĲԻԣ֤۵ȷ
?
indirectly
adv.ʣ
indirectness
n.ʣ
?
indirect,circuitous,roundabout
These adjectives mean not leading by a direct or straight line or course to a destination.
Щݴʵ˼ǡͨһֱ߻ֱ·ﵽĿĵġ
 Indirect  implies a deviation from the shortest route between starting point and destination: 
 Indirect  ָƫյ֮·; 
Sometimes taking the indirect path saves time.
ʱֱԽʡʱ䡣
Circuitous  suggests a twisting or winding and lengthy course: 
Circuitous  ״ĳ· 
We had to take a circuitous route because of an accident on the turnpike.
շѹ·Ϸ¹ʣǲòһ·
Roundabout  implies taking a course that circles: 
Roundabout  ָߵ·ԲΣ 
I chose a roundabout road to avoid the rush-hour traffic. In their extended sensesthe terms are applied to something that is not open and straightforward;they sometimes imply an effort 
to evade or deceive: 
˸ȦԱܿ߷ʱĳ Щʾ壬ָЩĻֱ˵ʱҲָЩڸʵƭ˵Ŭ 
Persecution is a bad and indirect way to plant religion (Thomas Browne). 
ѹڽ̲һļԭ ˹ʣ 
His explanation was circuitous and puzzling.
ĽڶȦӣ˷ѽ⡣
I heard in a roundabout way that she's going to marry an old neighborof theirs (Arthur S.M. Hutchinson).
Ҽӵ˵Ҫ޸ǹȥһھӡ ɪSMɭ

= =
indispensable
in.dis.pen.sa.ble
AHD:[1nd1-spns-bl] 
D.J.[7!nd!6spens*b*l]
K.K.[7!nd!6spWns*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not to be dispensed with; essential.
ȱٵģԱҪ
Obligatory; unavoidable:
Դģеģɱܿģ
the routine but indispensable ceremonies of state.
жɱʽ
n.ʣ
One that is indispensable.
ԱҪ˻
?
indispensability  
indispensableness
n.ʣ
indispensably
adv.ʣ
?
indispensable,essential,necessary,needful,requisite
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is pressingly needed: 
Щݴһͬ˼ʮֱҪġ 
foods indispensable to good nutrition;
Ӫ벻ʳ
funds essential to the completion of the project;
ʽ
necessary tools and materials;
ĹߺͲϣ
provided them with all things needful;
ṩбƷ
lacking the requisite qualifications for the position. dispensable 
ȱְλ dispensable

= =
individual
in.di.vid.u.al
AHD:[1nd-v1j?-l] 
D.J.[7!nd*6v!d9u8*l]
K.K.[7!nd*6v!d9u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to an individual, especially a single human being:
ģ˵ģڸģĳ壬ָĳйصģ
individual consciousness.
Ծ
By or for one person:
һ˵ģɵĻʹõģ
individual work; an individual portion.
һ˵Ĺһ˵ķ
Existing as a distinct entity; separate:
ģֿģΪĸڵģģ
individual drops of rain.

Marked by or expressing individuality; distinctive or individualistic:
Եģ¶ֳԵģصģиԵģ
an individual way of dressing.
˵Ĵŷʽ
Special; particular:
صģرģжصģ
Each variety of melon has its individual flavor and texture.
ÿһֲͬĹ϶ԼصζƷ
Serving to identify or set apart:
еģеģر֮ģ
There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar . . . across his right cheek(Rebecca West)
Ҽһ˰⣬ûʲô(Τ˹)
n.ʣ
A single human being considered apart from a society or community:
壺ΪȺĵˣ
the rights of the individual.
Ȩ
A human being regarded as a unique personality:
ˣԼظԵΪڵˣ
always treated her clients as individuals.
ÿͻΪͬĸ
A person distinguished from others by a special quality.
ͬˣĳ֮˲ͬ
Usage Problem A person.
÷ѡ ˣ
A single animal or plant as distinguished from a species, community, or group.
ֲ壺֡֯ȺΪڵĵֲ
A member of a collection or set; a specimen.
ԱһȺһеһ걾
?
Middle English [single, indivisible] 
йӢ [ģɷֵ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin indo3lis} 
Դ  indo3lis} 
from Latin indos 
Դ  indos 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
dos [divisible]  from doe [to divide] 
dos [ɷֵ]  Դ doe [ֽ] 
?
individually
adv.ʣ
?
The nounindividual  is used unexceptionably when it refers to an individual person as opposed to a larger social group or as distinguished from others by some special quality:  
ָΪȺĶһЩ˲ͬĵʱindividual ǡֵģ  
This is not only a crisis of individuals, but also of a society (Raymond Williams). 
ⲻǸ˵ΣΣ ɵ¡ķ˹ 
She is a real individual. 
һиԵˡ 
Since the 19th century, however,there have been numerous critical objections to use of the word to refer simply to a person where no larger contrast is implied,as inTwo individuals 
were placed under arrest  or The Mayor will make time for any individual who wants to talk to her.  In such contexts the wordsperson  and people  will usually do the same semantic job 
with less affectation. 
19ԺʱָһˡûаȺԵ˼÷˺ܶͷԡ˱  ˭Ҫг̸̸Ըڳʱ 
仰СУ person  people Աͬ˼ҲԵý 

= =
indoors
in.doors
AHD:[1n-d?rz, -d?rz] 
D.J.[!n6d%8z, -6d*&rz]
K.K.[!n6d%rz, -6dorz]
adv.ʣ
In or into a house or building.
ڣڻ뷿ӻ

= =
induce
in.duce
AHD:[1n-d?s, -dy?s] 
D.J.[!n6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[!n6dus, -6djus]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.duced,in.duc.ing,in.duc.es 
To lead or move, as to a course of action, by influence or persuasion.See Synonyms at persuade 
ȰգӰȰж簴ĳַʽȥμ persuade
To bring about or stimulate the occurrence of; cause:
򼤷£
a drug used to induce labor.
߲ҩ
To infer by inductive reasoning.
ɣͨɵķʽȥ
Physics 
ѧ 
To produce (an electric current or a magnetic charge) by induction.
ӦͨӦţ
To produce (radioactivity, for example) artificially by bombardment of a substance with neutrons, gamma rays, and other particles.
ͨߺһЩһʶ磬
Biochemistry To initiate or increase the production of (an enzyme or other protein) at the level of genetic transcription.
ﻯѧ ˹ڻƵķϣ˹շӣøʣĲ
?
Middle English inducen 
йӢ inducen 
from Old French inducer 
Դ ŷ inducer 
from Latin ind?e 
Դ  ind?e 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
d?e [to lead] * see  deuk- 
d?e [] *μ deuk- 
?
inducible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
indulge
in.dulge
AHD:[1n-d?lj] 
D.J.[!n6dJld9]
K.K.[!n6dJld9]
v.ʣ
in.dulged,in.dulg.ing,in.dulg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor.
Ǩͣݣֵָͻ֧䣻Ǩ
To yield to; gratify:
㣺˳Ը㣺
indulge a craving for chocolate.
ɿĿ
To allow (oneself) unrestrained gratification:
ڣãԼƵ㣺
indulged herself with idle daydreams.See Synonyms at pamper 
Լͽ͵İвμ pamper
To grant an ecclesiastical indulgence or dispensation to.
⣺ڽ̵Ļ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To indulge oneself.
ݣԼ
To engage or take part, especially freely or avidly:
£룬ָػڵزμӻ룺
indulged in outrageous behavior; indulged in all the latest fads.
ֱΪʱ
?
Latin indulg?e 
 indulg?e 
?
indulger
n.ʣ

= =
industrial
in.dus.tri.al
AHD:[1n-d?str?-l] 
D.J.[!n6dJstri8*l]
K.K.[!n6dJstri*l]
adj.Abbr. indus.,ind.ݴʣд indus.,ind.
Of, relating to, or resulting from industry:
ҵģҵĻ빤ҵйصģɹҵģ
industrial development; industrial pollution.
ҵչҵȾ
Having highly developed industries:
ҵģи߶ȷչ˵Ĺҵģ
an industrial nation.
ҵ
Employed, required, or used in industry:
ҵõģҵģҵӶġҪĻʹõģ
industrial workers; industrial diamonds.
ҵˣҵʯ
n.ʣ
A firm engaged in industry.
ҵ˾¹ҵĹ˾
A stock or bond issued by an industrial enterprise.
ҵƱƱҵҵеĹƱծȯ
A person employed in industry.
ҵˣҵҵ˾Ӷ
?
industrially
adv.ʣ

= =
industrialize
in.dus.tri.al.ize
AHD:[1n-d?str?--loz] 
D.J.[!n6dJstri8*7la!z]
K.K.[!n6dJstri*7la!z]
v.ʣ
in.dus.tri.al.ized,in.dus.tri.al.iz.ing,in.dus.tri.al.iz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To develop industry in (a country or society, for example).
ʹҵڣ磬һһᣩ﷢չҵ
To organize (the production of something) as an industry.
齨ɲҵĳƷ֯һҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become industrial.
ʵֹҵΪҵ
?
industrialization
AHD:[--l1-z3shn] ʣ

= =
industry
in.dus.try
AHD:[1nd-str?] 
D.J.[6!nd*stri8]
K.K.[6!nd*stri]
n.ʣ
 in.dus.tries д indus.,ind.
Commercial production and sale of goods.
ҵҵҵͻ
A specific branch of manufacture and trade:
ҵҵҵоķ֧
the textile industry.See Synonyms at business 
֯ҵμ business
The sector of an economy made up of manufacturing enterprises:
ҵҵʷԱеһ֣ɹҵҵɣ
government regulation of industry.
ʷĹ涨
Industrial management.
ҵ
Energetic devotion to a task or an endeavor; diligence:
ͣ㣺ĳͶ룻ڷܣ
demonstrated great intelligence and industry as a prosecutor.
ֳٰڷ
Ongoing work or study associated with a specified subject or figure:
רоĳĿйصĹо
the Civil War industry; the Hemingway industry.
սʷоо
?
Middle English industrie [skill] 
йӢ industrie [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin industria [diligence] [from feminine of] industrius [diligent] * see  ster- 2
Դ  industria [ڷ]  [] ԴindustriusԴ [ڷܵ] *μ ster- 2
?
A clear indication of the way in which human effort has been harnessed as a force for the commercial production of goods and services is the change in meaning of the wordindustry.  
Coming from the Latin wordindustria,  meaning diligent activity directed to some purpose,and its descendant, Old Frenchindustrie,  with the senses activity, ability, and 
a trade or occupation,our word (first recorded in 1475) originally meant skill, a device, and diligence as well as a trade.As more and more human effort over the 
course of the Industrial Revolution became involved in producing goods and services for sale,the last sense ofindustry  as well as the slightly newer sense systematic work or 
habitual employment grew in importance, to a large extent taking over the word.We can even speak now of the Shakespeare industry,rather like the garment industry.The sense 
diligence, assiduity, lives on, however,perhaps even to survive industry itself.
industry һԵĺ壬ָ֯תɽлҵͽҵԷķд˺ǰʾ˶α仯 Դindustria  ˼
ǡΪĳĿĶеڷܵĻַչɹŷﵥindustrie  ˼ǡԡ͡һҵְҵӢĵʣļ1475꣩ԭ
ǡɡڷܡҲСһҵ֮⡣ŲҵĿչԽԽڽлҵindustry µĺ弰µ˼
֯ͶϰԵĹӶҪ 𽥳ΪҪ˼ڣᵽɯʿоʱἰҵ͡ڷܡ㺬ʹ
ãҲֻҪʴڣ㺬Ͳʧ

= =
inefficient
in.ef.fi.cient
AHD:[1n1-f1shnt] 
D.J.[7!n!6f!.*nt]
K.K.[7!n!6f!.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Not efficient, as:
ЧģܵģûЧʵ
Lacking the ability or skill to perform effectively; incompetent:
ְģȱЧģܵģ
an inefficient worker.
ְĹ
Not producing the intended result; ineffective:
ЧģܲԤЧģЧʵģ
an inefficient campaign against illegal drugs.
ԷǷƷЧ˶
Wasteful of time, energy, or materials:
ͽ͵ģ˷ʱ䡢ϵģ
an inefficient design; outdated and inefficient methods.
һ˷ʱƣʱҷϵķ
?
inefficiently
adv.ʣ

= =
inertia
in.er.tia
AHD:[1-n?rsh] 
D.J.[!6nT8.*]
K.K.[!6nP.*]
n.ʣ
Physics The tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an 
outside force.
ѧ ԣ忹ܼٵûõ£ֹ屣־ֹ״̬򣬻˶ŵ屣ֱ˶
Resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change:
ԣٶۣܾԸ˶ж仯
the inertia of an entrenched bureaucracy.
ƽȵĹŻڴڵĶ
?
Latin [idleness] 
 [ٶ] 
from iners  inert- [inert] * see  inert 
Դ iners  inert- [ٻ] *μ inert
?
inertial
adj.ݴʣ
inertially
adv.ʣ

= =
inevitable
in.ev.i.ta.ble
AHD:[1n-v1-t-bl] 
D.J.[!n6ev!t*b*l]
K.K.[!n6Wv!t*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Impossible to avoid or prevent.See Synonyms at certain 
ȻģܹܻĲμ certain
Invariably occurring or appearing; predictable:
еģйɵط֣Ԥģ
the inevitable changes of the seasons.
Ԥļڱ仯
?
inevitability
n.ʣ
inevitably
adv.ʣ

= =
inexpensive
in.ex.pen.sive
AHD:[1n1k-spns1v] 
D.J.[7!n!k6spens!v]
K.K.[7!n!k6spWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Not high in price; cheap.
۵ģ˵
?
inexpensively
adv.ʣ
inexpensiveness
n.ʣ

= =
infant
in.fant
AHD:[1nfnt] 
D.J.[6!nf*nt]
K.K.[6!nf*nt]
n.ʣ
A child in the earliest period of life, especially before he or she can walk.
Ӥ׶ڽ׶εСָ·֮ʱ
Law A person under the legal age of majority; a minor.
ɡ δˣδﵽˣδ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or being in infancy.
ӤڵģڻӤڵ
Intended for infants or young children.
ӤʹõģΪӤСĶͯƵ
Newly begun or formed:
ڵģոտʼĻ´ģ
an infant enterprise.
˵ҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French enfant 
Դ ŷ enfant 
from Latin o3ns}  onfant- 
Դ  o3ns}  onfant- 
from o3ns} [not able to speak, young] 
Դ o3ns} [˵С] 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
f3s [present participle of] f3ro [to speak] * see  bh3- 2
f3s  [] f3roڷִ [˵] *μ bh3- 2
?
Anyone who has ever responded to the cries of a howling infantmay find it difficult to believe the etymology of the wordinfant.  The source of our word is the Latin wordo3ns}  (stem form, 
or form to which inflections are added, o- ), meaning a little child; strictly, one who does not yet speak.The noun is from the adjectiveo3ns,}  meaning not having the power of 
speech and newly bornand made up of the negative prefixin-  and the present participle f3,  speaking, of the verbf3o,}  to speak. Latino3ns}  and its Old French 
descendant enfant  could both be used to refer to a speaking child, and the earliest recorded use (around 1384) of their Middle English descendantinfaunte,  the ancestor of our word, is 
in the sense child.This use gave rise to our legal sense ofinfant,  a minor, thus reminding us of individuals who can be very talkative indeed.
ֻҪӤˣinfant ĴԴģ ʵĴԴinfans ʽ˴βı壬 infant- ) ˼ǡһСӣϸ˵ָ
˵׶ݴinfans ݻģ ˼ǡ˵ġġɷǰ׺in ڷִ fans ˵ġɵģ 䶯ԭΪfari ˼ǡ˵
 infans Ĺŷ enfant ָ˵׶ ǵʡֵıйӢinfaunte ļԼ1384ң ʱ
˼ǡֵͯķinfant δˡͳˣ ʹЩʮ̸ֽ

= =
infect
in.fect
AHD:[1n-fkt] 
D.J.[!n6fekt]
K.K.[!n6fWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.fect.ed,in.fect.ing,in.fects 
To contaminate with a pathogenic microorganism or agent.
Ⱦͨ²΢ýȾ
To communicate a pathogen or disease to.
Ⱦԭ򼲲
To invade and produce infection in.
Ⱦ벢Ⱦ
To contaminate or corrupt:
ʴȾ򸯻䣺
envy that infected their thoughts; a society that was infected by racism.
ʼȾǵ˼룻Ⱦ˵
To affect in a contagious way:
ʹӰ죺ԸȾķʽӰ죺
His fear infected me, and . . . I followed as fast as I could(W.H. Hudson)
Ŀ־ȾңǡҾظȥ(W.H.)
?
Middle English infecten [to afflict with disease] 
йӢ infecten [Ⱦ] 
from Latin oe  onfect- [to stain, infect]  in- [in] * see  in- 2 facere [to do] * see  dh?- 
Դ  oe  onfect- [Ⱦ]  in- [ڡ] *μ in-2 facere [] *μ dh?- 

= =
infectious
in.fec.tious
AHD:[1n-fkshs] 
D.J.[!n6fek.*s]
K.K.[!n6fWk.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of causing infection.
Ⱦģܹ´Ⱦ
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
ȾԵģԴȾʽɢģɴȾ
Caused by a pathogenic microorganism or agent.
Ⱦģ²΢ý鵼µ
Easily or readily communicated:
иȾģ׻ܿٴģ
an infectious laugh.
иȾ΢Ц
?
infectiously
adv.ʣ
infectiousness
n.ʣ

= =
infer
in.fer
AHD:[1n-f?r] 
D.J.[!n6fT8]
K.K.[!n6fP]
v.ʣ
in.ferred,in.fer.ring,in.fers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To conclude from evidence or premises.See Synonyms at conjecture 
ƶϣ֤ݻݵó۲μ conjecture
To reason from circumstance; surmise:
룬ضƲ⣻ܲ⣺
We can infer that his motive in publishing the diary was less than honorable.
ǿԲõռǵĶ
To lead to as a consequence or conclusion:
½ۣĳһۣ
Socrates argued that a statue inferred the existence of a sculptor(Academy)
ոױƣһζĳ̼ҵĴڡ(ѧ)
To hint; imply.
ʾָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw inferences.See Synonyms at conjecture 
۲μ conjecture
?
Latin oe [to bring in, adduce] 
 oe [룬֤] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
ferre [to bear] * see  bher- 1
ferre [е] *μ bher- 1
?
inferable
adj.ݴʣ
inferably
adv.ʣ
inferrer
n.ʣ
?
Infer  is sometimes confused withimply,  but the distinction is a useful one.When we say that a speaker or sentence implies something,we mean that it is conveyed or suggested 
without being stated outright: 
Infer  ʱimply һ ֮ĲǺҪġ˵ĳ˵˻ĳӰĳֶʱǵ˼ֶǺеĻʾĶûй˵
 
When the mayor said that she would not rule out a business tax increase, she implied (not inferred ) that some taxes might be raised.  
г˵ųҵ˰ǵĿʱָ inferred ) ҪĳЩ˰ա  
Inference, on the other hand, is the activity performed by a reader or interpreter in deriving conclusions that are not explicit in what is said: 
Ƕ߻ߵһֻƶϳĽûȷģ 
When the mayor said that she would not rule out a tax increase,
г˵ųҵ˰ǵĿʱ
we inferred that she had been consulting with some new financial advisers,since her old advisers were in favor of tax reductions. 
ƶͬµĽڹΪЩּ֧˰ 

= =
inference
in.fer.ence
AHD:[1nfr-ns] 
D.J.[6!nf*r*ns]
K.K.[6!nf*r*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.
֪ٶȷǰ߼Ϊ
The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence.
ƶϣʵ֤ݶΪ
Something inferred.
ۣóĶ
Usage Problem A hint or suggestion:
÷ѡ ʾָζĶ
The editorial contained an inference of foul play in the awarding of the contract.
۰ʾںͬоаཻ

= =
inferior
in.fe.ri.or
AHD:[1n-f?r?-r] 
D.J.[!n6f!*ri8*]
K.K.[!n6f!ri+]
adj.Abbr. inf.ݴʣд inf.
Low or lower in order, degree, or rank:
¼ģģڵȼ̶Ȼٽе͵Ļϵ͵ģ
Captain is an inferior rank to major.
ξǵУһٽ
Low or lower in quality, value, or estimation:
͵ȵģϲģֵСϵ͵Ļϵ͵ģ
inferior craft; felt inferior to his older sibling.
͵ȵֹƷеǵһ
Second-rate; poor:
εȵģӵģ
an inferior student.
ӵ
Situated under or beneath.
µģ
Botany Located below the perianth and other floral parts. Used of an ovary.
ֲѧ λģλڻµġָӷ
Anatomy Located beneath or directed downward.
ѧ µģ·Ļ
Printing Set below the normal line of type; subscript.
ӡˢ ±ģӡˢµģ±
Astronomy 
ѧ 
Orbiting between the earth and the sun:
ڵڲģ̫̫֮תģ
Mercury is an inferior planet.
ˮڵڲһ
Lying below the horizon.
ƽµ
n.Abbr. inf.ʣд inf.
A person lower in rank, status, or accomplishment than another.
¼ڹٽסλɾϲһ˵
Printing An inferior character, such as the number 2 inCO 2.  
ӡˢ ±ţһ±ֻţCO 2 е2 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin [comparative of] onferus [low] * see  ?dher- 
Դ   [] onferusıȽϼ [͵] *μ ?dher- 
?
inferiority
AHD:[-?r1-t?, -?r-] ʣ

= =
infinite
in.fi.nite
AHD:[1nf-n1t] 
D.J.[6!nf*n!t]
K.K.[6!nf*n!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no boundaries or limits.
޵ģ
Immeasurably great or large; boundless:
޴ģ޾ģ
infinite importance.
ǳҪ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Existing beyond or being greater than any arbitrarily large value.
ģҪ
Unlimited in spatial extent.
ģģڿռ䷶Χ޴
Of or relating to a set capable of being put into one-to-one correspondence with a proper subset of itself.
ģһӼһһӦļģйص
n.ʣ
Something infinite.
֮
?
Middle English infinit 
йӢ infinit 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin oonotus} 
Դ  oonotus} 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
footus} [finite] [from past participle of] fonore [to limit] * see  finite 
footus} [ȷ]  [] ԴfonoreĹȥִ [] *μ finite
?
infinitely
adv.ʣ
infiniteness
n.ʣ
?
infinite,boundless,eternal,illimitable,sempiternal
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being without beginning or end: 
Щݴʹͬ˼ǡʼյشڡ 
infinite wisdom;
ǻۣ
boundless ambition;
޾Ұģ
eternal beauty;
ò
illimitable space;
޾Ŀռ䣻
sempiternal truth. See also Synonyms at  incalculable finite 
 μͬ incalculablefinite
?
Infinite is sometimes grouped with absolute terms such asunique,  absolute,  and omnipotent,  since in its strict mathematical sense it allows no degree modification or comparison;one 
quantity cannot be more infinite than another (though technically one infinite set can be larger than another).Unlike other absolute terms, however,infinite also does not permit 
modification by adverbs such as nearly  and almost;  mathematically, infinity is not approached by degrees.In nontechnical usage, of course,infinite is often used metaphorically to refer 
simply to an unimaginably large degree or amount, and here the comparison of the word is unexceptionable: 
Infinite ʱһЩʾĴΣ unique  absolute  omnipotent  ϸѧʾ̶ȵλȽϣһܱһ
󡱣ȻԼϽһԱһ󣩡ǣʾĴʲͬinfinite Ҳ nearly  almost һัΣ ѧϽǲ
𲽽ӽġȻڷǼԵ÷Уinfinite ؽָһĴ̶Ȼ ÷£ȻʹñȽϣ 
Listening to the late quartets on that little gramophone, I experienced the most infinite musical joy that I have ever known. See Usage Note at unique 
µҾǰδеľ޴Ŀ μ unique

= =
inflation
in.fla.tion
AHD:[1n-fl3shn] 
D.J.[!n6fle!.*n]
K.K.[!n6fle.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of inflating or the state of being inflated.
Ķ򱻳״̬
A persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money, caused by an increase in available currency and credit beyond the 
proportion of available goods and services.
ͨͣгͨûгṩƷͷµƷ۸ˮƽĳǺͻҹĳµ

= =
inflict
in.flict
AHD:[1n-fl1kt] 
D.J.[!n6fl!kt]
K.K.[!n6fl!kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.flict.ed,in.flict.ing,in.flicts 
To deal or mete out (something punishing or burdensome); impose:
ʹǿӸͨǳͷԵĻصĶǿȣ
inflicted heavy losses on the enemy; a storm that inflicted widespread damage.
شһ㷺𺦵ķ籩
To afflict.
ĥ
?
Latin oogere}  onfloct- 
 oogere}  onfloct- 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ֮] *μ in-2
floe [to strike] 
floe [] 
?
inflicter  
inflictor
n.ʣ
inflictive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
influence
in.flu.ence
AHD:[1nfl?-ns] 
D.J.[6!nflu8*ns]
K.K.[6!nflu*ns]
n.Abbr. infl.ʣд infl.
A power affecting a person, thing, or course of events, especially one that operates without any direct or apparent effort:
Ӱ죬лһӰ˺»¼ֱָӺصĿ͹
relaxed under the influence of the music; the influence of television on modern life.
ֵӰ·ɣӶִӰ
Power to sway or affect based on prestige, wealth, ability, or position:
ȨƸλӰ֧
used her parent's influence to get the job.
ĸȥıְλ
One exercising such power:
Ӱ죺ʩӰˣ
My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.
ҸĸΪѶвӰ
An effect or change produced by such power.
ı䣺ӰĽ仯
A determining factor believed by some to affect individual tendencies and characteristics understood to be caused by the positions of the stars and planets at the time of one's birth.
һӰ˵ԸصľأΪһ˳ʱλ
Factors believed to be caused by the changing positions of the stars and planets in relation to those positions at the time of one's birth.
Ӱλ˳ʱλĸı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.flu.enced,in.flu.enc.ing,in.flu.enc.es 
To produce an effect on by imperceptible or intangible means; sway.
лӰ죺òɼĻ֪ķʽӰ죻лӰ
To affect the nature, development, or condition of; modify.See Synonyms at affect 1
Ӱ죬Ӱĳıʡչ״޸Ĳμ affect1
?
under the influence
Intoxicated, especially with alcohol.
˾ƣƣָƾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin oa [influx] 
Դ  oa [] 
from Latin o?ns}  onfluent- [present participle of] onfluere [to flow in] 
Դ  o?ns}  onfluent-  [] onfluereڷִ [] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
fluere [to flow] * see  bhleu- 
fluere [] *μ bhleu- 
?
influenceable
adj.ݴʣ
influencer
n.ʣ

= =
influential
in.flu.en.tial
AHD:[1nfl?-nshl] 
D.J.[7!nflu86en.*l]
K.K.[7!nflu6Wn.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or exercising influence.
ӰģӰĻʩӰ
n.ʣ
One that is of considerable importance or influence:
ӰΪҪĻӰˣ
a select group of media influentials.
һȺѡýͷ
?
influentially
adv.ʣ

= =
inform
in.form
AHD:[1n-f?rm] 
D.J.[!n6f%8m]
K.K.[!n6f%rm]
v.ʣ
in.formed,in.form.ing,in.forms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To impart information to; make aware of something:
֪֪ͨϢʹĳ£
We were informed by mail of the change in plans. The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over.
ǱŸƻĸı䡣ʿ̽ʱѾ
To acquaint (oneself) with knowledge of a subject.
ʹϤʹԼĳһ֪ʶϤ
To give form or character to; imbue with a quality or an essence:
ĴעʽڣʹĳƷʻʣ
A society's strength is measured by . . . its ability to inform a future generation with its moral standards(Vanity Fair)
һע±׼һ˵ġ()
To be a pervasive presence in; animate:

It is this brash, backroom sensibility that informs his work as a novelist(Jeff Shear)
ֱʶܵʹƷΪֱʡ(ܷϣ)
Obsolete To form (the mind or character) by teaching or training.
 γɣͨѵγɣǺƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give or provide information.
֪ͨṩϢ
To disclose confidential or incriminating information to an authority:
淢ٷ¶ܵĻظϢ
The defendant informed against the other members of the ring.
ٷＯŵԱ
?
Middle English enfourmen, informen 
йӢ enfourmen, informen 
from Old French enfourmer 
Դ ŷ enfourmer 
from Latin o?rm3re} 
Դ  o?rm3re} 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
f?3re} [to fashion]  from f?a [form] 
f?3re} [еʽ]  Դ f?a [ʽ] 

= =
information
in.for.ma.tion
AHD:[1nfr-m3shn] 
D.J.[7!nf*6me!.*n]
K.K.[7!nf+6me.*n]
n.Abbr. inf.ʣд inf.
Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction.
֪ʶѧϰָеõ֪ʶ
Knowledge of a specific event or situation; intelligence.See Synonyms at knowledge 
Ϣйĳ¼֪ʶ鱨μ knowledge
A collection of facts or data:
ϢʵݵĻܣ
statistical information.
ͳϢ
The act of informing or the condition of being informed; communication of knowledge:
֪ͨߵĶ򱻸ߵ״֪ʶĽ
Safety instructions are provided for the information of our passengers.
ȫΪ򱻸߸˳˿
Computer Science A nonaccidental signal or character used as an input to a computer or communications system.
ѧ ϢһżȻźŻַһ̨ԻϢϵͳ
A numerical measure of the uncertainty of an experimental outcome.
ݣĲȷԵݲ
Law A formal accusation of a crime made by a public officer rather than by grand jury indictment.
ɡ ظ棺һʽķָأһλԱ
?
informational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
ingenious
in.gen.ious
AHD:[1n-j?nys] 
D.J.[!n6d9i8nj*s]
K.K.[!n6d9inj*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by inventive skill and imagination.
ɵģӵдź
Having or arising from an inventive or cunning mind; clever:
ɵģһԵĻƻͷԲģģ
an ingenious scheme.See Synonyms at clever 
һļƻμ clever
Obsolete Having genius; brilliant.
 ŵģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French ingenios 
Դ ŷ ingenios 
from Latin ingeni?s 
Դ  ingeni?s 
from ingenium [inborn talent] * see  gen- 
Դ ingenium [вŵ] *μ gen- 
?
ingeniously
adv.ʣ
ingeniousness
n.ʣ

= =
ingredient
in.gre.di.ent
AHD:[1n-gr?d?-nt] 
D.J.[!n6gri8di8*nt]
K.K.[!n6gridi*nt]
n.ʣ
An element in a mixture or compound; a constituent.See Synonyms at element 
ɷݣһֻ򻯺еĳɷݣɳɷݲμ element
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin ingredi?s  ingredient- [present participle of] ingredo [to enter] * see  ingress 
Դ  ingredi?s  ingredient-  [] ingredoڷִ [] *μ ingress

= =
inhabit
in.hab.it
AHD:[1n-h2b1t] 
D.J.[!n6h#b!t]
K.K.[!n6h#b!t]
v.ʣ
in.hab.it.ed,in.hab.it.ing,in.hab.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To live or reside in.
סססڡ
To be present in; fill:
ڡ֣
Old childhood memories inhabited the attic.
նʱļ˸¥
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To dwell.
ס
?
Middle English enhabiten 
йӢ enhabiten 
from Old French enhabiter 
Դ ŷ enhabiter 
from Latin inhabit3e 
Դ  inhabit3e 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
habit3e [to dwell] [frequentative of] hab?re [to have] * see  ghabh- 
habit3e [ס]  [] hab?reظ [] *μ ghabh- 
?
inhabitability
n.ʣ
inhabitable
adj.ݴʣ
inhabitation
n.ʣ
inhabiter
n.ʣ

= =
inhabitant
in.hab.i.tant
AHD:[1n-h2b1-tnt] 
D.J.[!n6h#b!t*nt]
K.K.[!n6h#b!t*nt]
n.ʣ
One that inhabits a place, especially as a permanent resident:
񣺾סĳصˣָھ
the inhabitants of a fishing village; snakes, lizards, and other inhabitants of the desert.
һľߣɳĮеס

= =
inherit
in.her.it
AHD:[1n-hr1t] 
D.J.[!n6her!t]
K.K.[!n6hWr!t]
v.ʣ
in.her.it.ed,in.her.it.ing,in.her.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To receive (property or a title, for example) from an ancestor by legal succession or will.
̳УͨϷ̳лһܣƲλ
To receive by bequest or as a legacy.
ܣΪŲ
To receive or take over from a predecessor:
Ŵһλܻգ
The new administration inherited the economic problems of the last four years.
̳ǰľ
Biology To receive (a characteristic) from one's parents by genetic transmission.
ѧ ϮͨŴӸĸϮһ
To gain (something) as one's right or portion.
õӦõΪԼȨݶãĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hold or take possession of an inheritance.
ܣͨϮӵлȡȨ
?
Middle English enheriten 
йӢ enheriten 
from Old French enheriter [to make heir to] 
Դ ŷ enheriter [ʹΪ̳] 
from Late Latin inh??dit3re} [to inherit] 
Դ  inh??dit3re} [̳] 
Latin in- [in] * see  in- 2
 in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
Late Latin h??dit3re} [to inherit]  from Latin h??s}  h?r?d- [heir] * see  gh?- 
 h??dit3re} [̳]  Դ  h??s}  h?r?d- [̳] *μ gh?- 
?
inheritor
n.ʣ

= =
inhibit
in.hib.it
AHD:[1n-h1b1t] 
D.J.[!n6h!b!t]
K.K.[!n6h!b!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.hib.it.ed,in.hib.it.ing,in.hib.its 
To hold back; restrain.See Synonyms at restrain 
ƣƲμ restrain
To prohibit; forbid.
ֹ
Psychology To suppress or restrain (behavior, an impulse, or a desire) consciously or unconsciously.
ѧ ѹ֣ƣʶػǱʶѹƻƣΪ嶯
Chemistry To prevent or decrease the rate of (a reaction).
ѧ ֹӦӦģٶ
Biology To decrease, limit, or block the action or function of (an enzyme or organ, for example).
ѧ ͣƣֹ͡ƻֹøٵģ
?
Middle English inhibiten [to forbid] 
йӢ inhibiten [ֹ] 
from Latin inhib?e  inhibit- [to restrain, forbid] 
Դ  inhib?e  inhibit- [ƣֹ] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
hab?e [to hold] * see  ghabh- 
hab?e [ס] *μ ghabh- 
?
inhibitable
adj.ݴʣ
inhibitive  
inhibitory
AHD:[-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
initial
in.i.tial
AHD:[1-n1shl] 
D.J.[!6n!.*l]
K.K.[!6n!.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first:
ʼģʼģ뿪ʼйصģڿʼģȵģ
took the initial step toward reconciliation.
ȡͽĵһ
Designating the first letter or letters of a word.
ĸģһʵĵһǰĸ
n.ʣ
The first letter of a proper name.
רʵĵһĸ
initials The first letter of each word of a person's complete name considered as a unit:
 initials ÿһݵĵһĸ
stationery monogrammed with her initials.
ӡĸż
The first letter of a word.
ףʵĵһĸ
A large, often highly decorated letter set at the beginning of a chapter, verse, or paragraph.
鿯ж䡢½ڵȣشĴдĸһ¡һʫһĵһĸͨװ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.i.tialed Ҳ in.i.tialled in.i.tial.ing in.i.tial.ling in.i.tials in.i.tials  
To mark or sign with initials, especially for purposes of authorization or approval.
ĸǩĸǩָڱʾȨͬ
?
Latin initi3s 
 initi3s 
from initium [beginning] * see  ei- 
Դ initium [ʼ] *μ ei- 
?
initially
adv.ʣ
initialness
n.ʣ

= =
initiate
in.i.ti.ate
AHD:[1-n1sh?-3t] 
D.J.[!6n!.i87e!t]
K.K.[!6n!.i7et]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.i.ti.at.ed,in.i.ti.at.ing,in.i.ti.ates 
To set going by taking the first step; begin:
ʼչĹʼ
initiated trade with developing nations.See Synonyms at begin 
ʼ뷢չйҵóײμ begin
To introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity.
ָʹ˽һ򡢲Ȥѧ¼ܻչ»
To admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual.
ɣɡΪԱʽ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
Initiated or admitted, as to membership or a position of authority.
ģɻϵģԱʸһȨְλ
Instructed in esoteric knowledge.
֪ʶ
Introduced to something new.
ɵģ̸¶
n.ʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
One who is being or has been initiated.
ߣڱѱ˵
One who has been introduced to or has attained knowledge in a particular field.
˳֪ʶˣѱϤĳһض֪ʶ
?
Latin initi3e  initi3t- 
 initi3e  initi3t- 
from initium [beginning] * see  ei- 
Դ initium [ʼ] *μ ei- 
?
initiator
n.ʣ

= =
initiative
in.i.tia.tive
AHD:[1-n1sh-t1v] 
D.J.[!6n!.*t!v]
K.K.[!6n!.*t!v]
n.ʣ
The power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task; enterprise and determination.
״񣬽ȡģʼִһƻȡĺ;
A beginning or introductory step; an opening move:
ȣˣʼġĽ׶Σж
took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.
ʼͼ
The power or right to introduce a new legislative measure.
᰸ȨȡһµʩȨ
The right and procedure by which citizens can propose a law by petition and ensure its submission to the electorate.
᰸ȨһȨͳͨǹͨԸʽһύѡ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to initiation.
ʼģʼĻ뿪ʼйص
Used to initiate; initiatory.
ģģʼģ
?
on (one's) own initiative
Without prompting or direction from others; on one's own.
ģû˵»ָģԼ
?
initiatively
adv.ʣ

= =
inject
in.ject
AHD:[1n-jkt] 
D.J.[!n6d9ekt]
K.K.[!n6d9Wkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.ject.ed,in.ject.ing,in.jects 
To force or drive (a fluid) into something:
ע룺ʹҺ壩ĳ
inject fuel into an engine cylinder; inject air into a liquid mixture.
ͣעһֻҺ
Medicine To introduce (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part.
ҽѧ ע䣨ҩҺҩ磩עһ
To treat by means of injection:
ע䣺עƣ
injected the patient with digitalis.
עػ
To introduce into conversation or consideration:
廰̸ʹǣ
tried to inject a note of humor into the negotiations.
ͼ̸дһĬ
To place into an orbit, a trajectory, or a stream.
ڣһ
?
Latin inicere  iniect- [to throw in] 
 inicere  iniect- [ӽ] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [ӽ] *μ y?- 
?
injector
n.ʣ

= =
injection
in.jec.tion
AHD:[1n-jkshn] 
D.J.[!n6d9ek.*n]
K.K.[!n6d9Wk.*n]
n.Abbr. inj.ʣд inj.
The act of injecting.
ע䣺עĶ
Something that is injected, especially a dose of liquid medicine injected into the body.
עעĶ类עڵһҩ

= =
injure
in.jure
AHD:[1njr] 
D.J.[6!nd9*]
K.K.[6!nd9+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.jured,in.jur.ing,in.jures 
To cause physical harm to; hurt.
˺ʹˣϵ˺
To cause damage to; impair.
ƻ
To cause distress to; wound:
˸飺ʹ˺˺
injured their feelings.
˺ǵĸ
To commit an injustice or offense against; wrong.
ˣ̰ضԴԡУԴ
?
Middle English injuren [to wrong, dishonor] 
йӢ injuren [Դ] 
from Old French injurier 
Դ ŷ injurier 
from Latin ini?3ro} 
Դ  ini?3ro} 
from ini?a [a wrong] * see  injury 
Դ ini?a [һ] *μ injury
?
injurer
n.ʣ
?
injure,harm,hurt,damage,impair,mar,spoil
These verbs mean to affect detrimentally.
ЩʶʾӰ졣
 Injure  can refer to acts that have an adverse effect on health, appearance, prospects, or well-being: 
 injure  ָԽǰʴӰ죺 
She was badly injured in an accident.
һ¹бˡ
Malicious gossip could injure his chances of success. It can also mean to treat another unjustly or wrongfully: 
ԻΣɹϣ ҲڲƽػضԴһˣ 
Those that are not favored will think themselves injured (Samuel Johnson).
ЩûеõԻΪԼܵ˿ ѶԼѷ
 Harm   andhurt  refer principally to what causes pain, distress, diminution, or loss:  
 Harm  hurt ҪָЩʹࡢˡʧ𺦵ģ  
Gypsy moths harm foliage.
Ҷк
Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.
޷ʻô𺦡
A hailstorm hurt the apple crop.
һ籩ֲƻ
My feelings are hurt.
ҵĸյ˺
Damage  usually implies injury that decreases value, usefulness, desirability, or effectiveness: 
Damage  һָͨʹֵԺЧԼٵ𺦣 
A falling tree damaged the roof.
һõµݶ
The scandal seriously damaged the senator's reputation.
ǳ˲Ա
Impair  refers to what diminishes, as in quality: 
Impair  һָǼͣ 
The patient's intelligence has been impaired by a brain injury. Tomar is to impair by or as if by disfiguring:  
ˣ˵ mar ָͨͨƻʹ  
Faulty intonation marred the performance. Tospoil is to impair and ultimately destroy the value, excellence, or strength of:  
еȱǷӰݳЧ spoil 𻵺ͳ״ݻټֵŵ  
Worrying about business spoiled our evening. 
ڶĵģ϶ٵ 

= =
injury
in.ju.ry
AHD:[1nj-r?] 
D.J.[6!nd9*ri8]
K.K.[6!nd9*ri]
n.ʣ
 in.ju.ries 
Damage or harm done to or suffered by a person or thing:
˺˻ġ˻ܵƻ˺
escaped from the accident without injury; a scandal that did considerable injury to the campaign.
û˵ش¹ѣһ׮ʹ˶亦ĳ
A particular form of hurt, damage, or loss:
𺦣ˣһʽˡƻʧ
a leg injury.
һ
Law Violation of the rights of another party for which legal redress is available.See Synonyms at injustice 
ɡ ȨһȨֺһȨҪõ⳥μ injustice
Obsolete An insult.
 
?
Middle English injurie 
йӢ injurie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin ini?a [a wrong, injustice] [from feminine of] ini?rius [unjust] 
Դ  ini?a [һ󣬲]  [] Դini?riusԴ [ƽ] 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
i?s  i?r- [law] * see  yewes- 
i?s  i?r- [] *μ yewes- 

= =
ink
ink
AHD:[1ngk] 
D.J.[!0k]
K.K.[!0k]
n.ʣ
A pigmented liquid or paste used especially for writing or printing.
īһдӡˢɫҺ״
A dark liquid ejected for protection by most cephalopods, including the octopus and squid.
ȵģī֭ͷ㶯ڱԼĺɫҺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
inked,ink.ing,inks 
To mark, coat, or stain with ink.
ͿīˮīˮǺţīǡǻŪ
Informal To append one's signature to (a contract, for example).
ʽ ǩԼǩһݺͬϣ
?
Middle English inke 
йӢ inke 
from Old French enque 
Դ ŷ enque 
from Late Latin encaustum [purple ink] 
Դ  encaustum [īˮ] 
from Greek enkauston [painted in encaustic] 
Դ ϣ enkauston [ɫƷϻ] 
from enkaiein [to paint in encaustic, burn in] * see  encaustic 
Դ enkaiein [ڲɫƷϻȼ] *μ encaustic
?
inker
n.ʣ
inkiness
n.ʣ
inky
adj.ݴʣ

= =
inland
in.land
AHD:[1nlnd] 
D.J.[6!nl*nd]
K.K.[6!nl*nd]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or located in the interior part of a country or region.
ڵصģ½ģĳһһڲģйصģڲ
Chiefly British Operating or applying within the borders of a country or region; domestic:
Ӣ ڵģһлõģڵģ
inland tariffs.
˰
adv.ʣ
In, toward, or into the interior of a country or region.
ڵأڣһһڲ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-l2nd, -lnd] 
The interior of a country or region.
ڣһһڲ
?
inlander
n.ʣ

= =
inlet
in.let
AHD:[1nlt, -l1t] 
D.J.[6!n7let, -l!t]
K.K.[6!n7lWt, -l!t]
n.ʣ
A recess, such as a bay or cove, along a coast.
ˮ壺½İ纣ۻˮ
A stream or bay leading inland, as from the ocean; an estuary.
ӿڸۣӺͨ½ĺӻ壻ӿ
A narrow passage of water, as between two islands.
Ͽխˮ·֮ĺϿ
A drainage passage, as to a culvert.
ˮˮͨ
An opening providing a means of entrance or intake.
ڣṩ볡ķʽ

= =
inn
inn
AHD:[1n] 
D.J.[!n]
K.K.[!n]
n.ʣ
A public lodging house serving food and drink to travelers; a hotel.
ùݣջΪṩʳƷϵĹ޻ù
A tavern or restaurant.
ƹݣ
Chiefly British Formerly, a residence hall for students, especially law students, in London.
Ӣ ꣺ԭָѧᣬָ׶طѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  en 
Դ Ӣ *μ en 
?
Inn
Inn
AHD:[1n] 
D.J.[!n]
K.K.[!n]
NONE޴ԣ
A river of eastern Switzerland, western Austria, and southeast Germany flowing about 515 km (320 mi) to the Danube River. Its lower course forms part of the German-Austrian border.
ӣλʿԶµ¹ϵһ515(320Ӣ觺ӡγɵ°±߽һ

= =
inner
in.ner
AHD:[1nr] 
D.J.[6!n*]
K.K.[6!n+]
adj.ݴʣ
Located or occurring farther inside:
ڲģڻλڲģ
an inner room; an inner layer of warm clothing.
ңůװ
Less apparent; deeper:
Եģģ
the inner meaning of a poem.
һʫ㺬
Of or relating to the mind or spirit:
ڵģ˼Ļģйصģ
Beethoven's manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle(Leonard Bernstein)
ҵָ忴һµ˼붷Ѫܵļ¼(ɵ¡˹̹)
More exclusive, influential, or important:
صģӰĻҪģ
the inner circles of government.
нϾӰȦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English innera * see  en 
Դ Ӣ innera *μ en 
?
inner
n.ʣ
innerly
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
innerness
n.ʣ

= =
innocent
in.no.cent
AHD:[1n-snt] 
D.J.[6!n*s*nt]
K.K.[6!n*s*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Uncorrupted by evil, malice, or wrongdoing; sinless:
׵ģ񡢶մ۵ģģ
an innocent child.
޹ĺ
Not guilty of a specific crime or offense; legally blameless:
ģĳһضģģ
was innocent of all charges.
ָ
Within, allowed by, or sanctioned by the law; lawful.
Ϸģɹ涨ΧڵģĻ׼ģϷ
Not dangerous or harmful; innocuous:
޺ģûΣΣյģ޺ģ
an innocent prank.
޺Ķ
Candid; straightforward:
ֱģ̹ʵģ
a child's innocent stare.
⺢ֱʵĿ
Not experienced or worldly; naive.
ģûоĻµģ
Betraying or suggesting no deception or guile; artless.
ģֳʵ۵ģ
Not exposed to or familiar with something specified; ignorant:
֪ģĳЩض˽ģ֪ģ
American tourists wholly innocent of French.
߶Էһ֪
Unaware:
֪ģ
She remained innocent of the complications she had caused.
ľ׺֪
Lacking, deprived, or devoid of something:
ȱģȱɥʧĳ
a novel innocent of literary merit.
һȱѧֵС˵
n.ʣ
A person, especially a child, who is free of evil or sin.
޹ˣаĻˣرָͯ
A simple, guileless, inexperienced, or unsophisticated person.
֪ˣָ̹ʵģ޹ƵģµĻûᾭ
A very young child.
ССĺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin innoc?s  innocent- 
Դ  innoc?s  innocent- 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [˺] *μ in-1
noc?s [present participle of] noc?re [to harm] * see  nek- 1
noc?s  [] noc?reڷִ [] *μ nek- 1
?
innocently
adv.ʣ

= =
innovation
in.no.va.tion
AHD:[1n-v3shn] 
D.J.[7!n*6ve!.*n]
K.K.[7!n*6ve.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of introducing something new.
£¶Ϊ
Something newly introduced.
·¼½ܵĶ
?
innovational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
innumerable
in.nu.mer.a.ble
AHD:[1-n?mr--bl, 1-ny?-] 
D.J.[!6nu8m*r*b*l, !6nju8-]
K.K.[!6num*r*b*l, !6nju-]
adj.ݴʣ
Too numerous to be counted; numberless.See Synonyms at incalculable 
ģģĲμ incalculable
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin innumer3s 
Դ  innumer3s 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
numer3s [countable] * see  numerable 
numer3s [] *μ numerable
?
innumerableness
n.ʣ
innumerably
adv.ʣ

= =
input
in.put
AHD:[1np?t] 
D.J.[6!n7p&t]
K.K.[6!n7p&t]
n.ʣ
Something put into a system or expended in its operation to achieve output or a result, especially:
һϵͳڲȡĶָ
Energy, work, or power used to drive a machine.

Current, electromotive force, or power supplied to an electric circuit, network, or device.
ܣ·豸ĵ綯
Computer Science Information put into a communications system for transmission or into a computer system for processing.
ѧ Ϣڴ͵ͨѶϵͳϢڴļϵͳϢ
Computer Science A position, terminal, or station at which input enters a system.
ѧ 룬ˣźŽϵͳλáն˻վ
Any of the items, including materials, equipment, and funds, required for production.
ͶͶʣɱĿеһ֣ϣ豸ʽĶ
The act of putting in; infusion:
룺Ķע룺
a steady input of fuel.
ȼϵĲ
An amount put in.
Ͷ
Usage Problem 
÷ѡ 
Contribution of information or a comment or viewpoint:
Ϣۻ۵ṩ
a discussion with input from all members of the group.
ĸԱϢе
Information in general.
ϵϢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.put.ted  in.put in.put.ting,in.puts ѧ 
To enter (data or a program) into a computer.
룺ѣźŻ
?
The nouninput  has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer 
science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput  is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information 
and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation  or The nominee herself had 
no input on housing policy.  In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received 
no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput  may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority 
of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of 
the case.
input Ϊһרҵ͵ӹѾ˴Լһͣ ڼѧϵгԭ÷ڼѧָϵͳл
Ϣźšܵ˵input 㷺ָϢ͹۵Ĵͣ ڱ滳ͳǷܻýӽ㹻ϢĻᣬӶһҵʵͼ  
ԼûйڷߵκϢ  ںһеʵĶǲȷģȿָδṩκν飬ҲָδյκйطߵϢģ
input ķרҵ÷пһЩҷһڵУа󲿷÷רСԱһԭ ÷ȫȷʱҲӦ
ʽαװһֿѧľȷԣ£˵ľȷǲʵ֤

= =
inquire
in.quire
AHD:[1n-kwor]  Ҳ en.quire [n-] 
D.J.[!n6kwa!*] Ҳ en.quire [en]
K.K.[!n6kwa!r] Ҳ en.quire [Wn]
v.ʣ
in.quired,in.quir.ing,in.quires 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To seek information by asking a question:
ʣͨϢ
inquired about prices.
۸
To make an inquiry or investigation:
ѯʻ飺
inquire into the extent of the corruption.
Ըܵĳ̶Ƚе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ask about.
ѯ
To ask:
ʣ
I am free to inquire what a work of art means to me(Bernard Berenson)See Synonyms at ask 
ȨһƷҵʡ(ɵ¡ɭ)μ ask
?
inquire after
To ask about the health or condition of.
ʺѯʽ״
?
Middle English enquiren 
йӢ enquiren 
from Old French enquerre 
Դ ŷ enquerre 
from Vulgar Latin *inquaerere 
Դ  *inquaerere 
alteration of Latin inquoe 
  inquo 
in- [into] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
quaerere [to seek] 
quaerere [Ѱ] 
?
inquirer
n.ʣ
inquiringly
adv.ʣ

= =
inquiry
in.quir.y
AHD:[1n-kwor?, 1nkwor?, 1nkw-r?, 1ng-]  Ҳ en.quir.y [n-kwor?, nkw-r?] 
D.J.[!n6kwa!*ri8, 6!n7kwa!*ri8, 6!nkw*ri8, 6!0-] Ҳ en.quir.y [en6kwa!*ri8, 6enkw*ri8]
K.K.[!n6kwa!ri, 6!n7kwa!ri, 6!nkw*ri, 6!0-] Ҳ en.quir.y [Wn6kwa!ri, 6Wnkw*ri]
n.ʣ
 in.quir.ies д inq.
The act of inquiring.
ѯ
A question; a query.
ʣ
A close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth.
飬飺ĳ½г׵صӶѰϢ
?
inquiry,inquest,inquisition,investigation,probe,research
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a quest for knowledge, data, or truth: 
Ще˼ǡ֪ʶϻѰ󡱣 
filed an inquiry about the lost shipment;
йضʧĵ鵵
holding an inquest to determine whether the dead man had been murdered;
ͨʬӶȷλǷıɱ
refused to cooperate with the inquisition into her political activities;
ܾΪΪеĵ
a criminal investigation;
飻
a probe into alleged police corruption;
νľ츯е飻
scientific research. 
ѧо 

= =
insane
in.sane
AHD:[1n-s3n] 
D.J.[!n6se!n]
K.K.[!n6sen]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, exhibiting, or afflicted with insanity.
񲡵ģҵģʾܾĥ
Characteristic of or associated with persons afflicted with insanity:
񲡻ߵģΪ񲡻еĻ֮ģ
an insane laugh; insane babbling.
Ц
Intended for use by such persons:
ڴ˵ģ
an insane asylum.
Ժ
Immoderate; wild:
ģȵģ񱩵ģ
insane jealousy.
Ķʼ
Very foolish; absurd:
ģǳ޴ģƵģ
took insane risks behind the wheel.
ڳ漫ð
?
Latin o3nus} 
 o3nus} 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
s3s [sane, healthy] 
s3s [ģ] 
?
insanely
adv.ʣ
insaneness
n.ʣ

= =
insect
in.sect
AHD:[1nskt] 
D.J.[6!n7sekt]
K.K.[6!n7sWkt]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous usually small arthropod animals of the class Insecta, having an adult stage characterized by three pairs of legs and a body segmented into head, thorax, and abdomen 
and usually having two pairs of wings. Insects include the flies, crickets, mosquitoes, beetles, butterflies, and bees.
棺ڶ࣬ͨΪٵСͽ֫㣬ֳͷغ͸֣ͨԳӬ󰣬ӣ׳棬۷
Any of various similar arthropod animals, such as spiders, centipedes, or ticks.
棺ƵĽ֫ද֩룬
An insignificant or contemptible person.
Сˣػɱɵ
?
Latin om [from neuter past participle of] onsec3re [to cut up]  translation of Greek entomon [segmented, cut up, insect] * see  entomo- 
 om  [] Դonsec3reԹȥִ [и]   ϣ entomonķ [ָģ飬] *μ entomo-
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
sec3e [to cut] * see  sek- 
sec3e [] *μ sek- 
?
insect
adj.ݴʣ
insectival
AHD:[1nsk-toval] ݴʣ

= =
insert
in.sert
AHD:[1n-s?rt] 
D.J.[!n6sT8t]
K.K.[!n6sPt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.sert.ed,in.sert.ing,in.serts 
To put or set into, between, or among:
룬Ƕ룺ѡŻ嵽֮䣺
inserted the key in the lock.See Synonyms at introduce 
Կײ嵽μ introduce
To put or introduce into the body of something; interpolate:
أѡĳУ룺
insert an illustration into a text.
вһͼ
To place into an orbit, a trajectory, or a stream.
ѡˮ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1ns?rt] 
Something inserted or intended for insertion, as a picture or chart into written material.
Ѳ׼Ķֲеͼͼ
?
Latin oe  onsert- 
 oe  onsert- 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
serere [to join] * see  ser- 2
serere [] *μ ser- 2
?
inserter
n.ʣ

= =
inside
in.side
AHD:[1n-sod, 1nsod] 
D.J.[!n6sa!d, 6!n7sa!d]
K.K.[!n6sa!d, 6!n7sa!d]
n.ʣ
An inner or interior part.
棬ڲ
Inward character, perceptions, or feelings:
ڵص㡢֪У
felt good on the inside about volunteering to help.
Ըæúܿ
An inner side or surface.
ڲ࣬
The part away from the edge; the middle part.
м䲿֣ԶԵĲ֣м䲿
insides Informal 
 insides ʽ 
The inner organs; entrails.
ࣻ
The inner parts or workings:
Ĳֻʽ
the insides of a TV set.
ӻװ
Slang Confidential or secret information.
ٵ ĻܻܵϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Inner; interior.
ģڲ
Relating to, known to, or coming from an exclusive group:
ĻģֻĳЩ֪ģصĻдģ
inside information; an inside joke.
ĻϢڲЦ
Baseball Passing on the side of home plate nearer the batter. Used of a pitch.
 ڲģݰ壬ԱġͶ
adv.ʣ
Into or in the interior; within.
ڵأڲ
On the inner side.
ڲ
Slang In prison.
ٵ ڼ
prep.ʣ
Within:
ڡڣ
We'll be there inside an hour.
һСʱڵ
On the inner side or part of:
ڲڲ
inside the package.
ڰ
Into the interior of:
棺
going inside the house.
߽
?
inside of
Usage Problem Within:
÷ѡ ڡڣ
inside of an hour.
1Сʱ
inside out
With the inner surface turned out; reversed:
﷭ģתģ
wore the sweatshirt inside out.
˶
Informal As completely as possible; thoroughly:
ʽ ȫأ׵أ
knew the city inside out.
зǳ˽
on the inside
In a position of confidence or influence.
ںĵλŻӰĵλ
?
The constructioninside of  has sometimes been criticized as redundant or colloquial. Butinside of  is well established in formal writing, particularly in reference to periods of time:  
inside of ĽṹʱΪ߳Ļﻯġ inside of ʽУرָʱ׶ʱѵõȷϣ  
They usually return the manuscript inside of (or inside ) a month.  
ͨڣ inside  һڹ黹ָ  

= =
insight
in.sight
AHD:[1nsot] 
D.J.[6!n7sa!t]
K.K.[6!n7sa!t]
n.ʣ
The capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration.
͸ĳʵǵ
The act or outcome of grasping the inward or hidden nature of things or of perceiving in an intuitive manner.
ץסڵĻصʻֱܵΪ

= =
insist
in.sist
AHD:[1n-s1st] 
D.J.[!n6s!st]
K.K.[!n6s!st]
v.ʣ
in.sist.ed,in.sist.ing,in.sists 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be firm in a demand or course; refuse to yield:
֣ĳһҪҵϺܼܾЭ
insisted on giving me a second helping.
ٸһΰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assert or demand (something) vehemently and persistently:
֣ǿҲŻҪĳ
We insist that you accept these gifts.
ǼҪЩ
?
Latin oe [to persist] 
 oe [] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
sistere [to stand] * see  st3- 
sistere [վ] *μ st3- 
?
insistence  
insistency
n.ʣ
insister
n.ʣ
insistingly
adv.ʣ

= =
inspect
in.spect
AHD:[1n-spkt] 
D.J.[!n6spekt]
K.K.[!n6spWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.spect.ed,in.spect.ing,in.spects 
To examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws.
飺ϸ޵ؼ飬رΪ˷ë
To review or examine officially:
ģٷĿ飺
The commander inspected the troops.
˾˲
?
From Latin oe  onspect- 
Դ  oe  onspect- 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ǿǰ׺] *μ in-2
specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
inspective
adj.ݴʣ

= =
inspection
in.spec.tion
AHD:[1n-spkshn] 
D.J.[!n6spek.*n]
K.K.[!n6spWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of inspecting.
Ϊ
Official examination or review, as of barracks or troops.
ģٷԱӪ򲿶ӵļ򿼲
?
inspectional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
inspiration
in.spi.ra.tion
AHD:[1nsp-r3shn] 
D.J.[7!nsp*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7!nsp*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
Stimulation of the mind or emotions to a high level of feeling or activity.
裺ʹ˵̼ܵﵽ߲кжĶ
The condition of being so stimulated.
ܣܵ˴̼״
An agency, such as a person or work of art, that moves the intellect or emotions or prompts action or invention.
ƶУߴٽжý˻Ʒ
Something, such as a sudden creative act or idea, that is inspired.
УͻȻĴΪ뷨
The quality of inspiring or exalting:
ʾеĻ򼤷Ʒʣ
a painting full of inspiration.
еĻ滭
Theology Divine guidance or influence exerted directly on the mind and soul of humankind.
ѧ ӦֱӽϵָӰ
The act of drawing in, especially the inhalation of air into the lungs.
룺Ϊرǰѿ

= =
inspire
in.spire
AHD:[1n-spor] 
D.J.[!n6spa!*]
K.K.[!n6spa!r]
v.ʣ
in.spired,in.spir.ing,in.spires 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence.
ʹĸ٣ʹʾӰ졢ָ
To fill with enlivening or exalting emotion:
ʹܣʹ˳˷ܵĸ飺
hymns that inspire the congregation; an artist who was inspired by Impressionism.
ʥܻڵľӡɹ
To stimulate to action; motivate:
жٶ
a sales force that was inspired by the prospect of a bonus.
ΪδĺԱ
To affect or touch:
Ӱ򴥶
The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
Ҷ˸
To draw forth; elicit or arouse:

a teacher who inspired admiration and respect.
ͺ𾴵Ľʦ
To be the cause or source of; bring about:
ΪԭԴ
an invention that inspired many imitations.
ºܶƷķ
To draw in (air) by inhaling.

Archaic 
 
To breathe on.

To breathe life into.
ע
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stimulate energies, ideals, or reverence:
𾴣
a leader who inspires by example.
һλе
To inhale.

?
Middle English enspiren 
йӢ enspiren 
from Old French enspirer 
Դ ŷ enspirer 
from Latin oor3re} 
Դ  oor3re} 
in- [into] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
spo3re} [to breathe] 
spo3re} [] 
?
inspirer
n.ʣ

= =
install
install Ҳ in.stal
AHD:[1n-st?l] 
D.J.[!n6st%8l]
K.K.[!n6st%l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.stalled,in.stall.ing,in.stalls Ҳ in.stals  
To set in position and connect or adjust for use:
װλòװӺûԹʹã
installed the new furnace.
װ±¯
To induct into an office, a rank, or a position:
ʹְĳְλλλã
a ceremony to install the new governor.
ܶľְʽ
To settle in an indicated place or condition; establish:
٣ָĵص°
installed myself in the spare room.
ڿӰ
?
Middle English installen [to place in office] 
йӢ installen [ְ] 
from Old French installer 
Դ ŷ installer 
from Medieval Latin install3e 
Դ  install3e 
in- [in]  from Latin * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ]  Դ  *μ in-2
stallum [stall, place] * see  stel- 
stallum [ʹͣ٣ط] *μ stel- 
?
installer
n.ʣ

= =
installation
in.stal.la.tion
AHD:[1nst-l3shn] 
D.J.[7!nst*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7!nst*6le.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of installing.
װΪ
The state of being installed.Also called  installment 2
ٵ״̬Ҳ  installment2
A system of machinery or other apparatus set up for use.
װãװԹʹõĻ豸ϵͳ
A permanent military base.
Ծ»

= =
installment
installment 1Ҳ in.stal.ment
AHD:[1n-st?lmnt] 
D.J.[!n6st%8lm*nt]
K.K.[!n6st%lm*nt]
n.ʣ
One of a number of successive payments in settlement of a debt.
ڸ峥ծʱֳθеһ
A portion of something, such as a publication, issued at intervals.
֣ĳһ֣ڳӡˢƷ
A chapter or part of a literary work presented serially.
صѧƷһ»һ
?
Alteration of obsolete estallment 
  estallmentı仯 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Old French estaler [to place, fix] 
Դ ŷ estaler [ã̶] 
from estal [place] 
Դ estal [ط] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  stel- 
[նԴ] *μ stel- 
?
installment
installment 2Ҳ in.stal.ment
AHD:[1n-st?lmnt] 
D.J.[!n6st%8lm*nt]
K.K.[!n6st%lm*nt]
n.ʣ
See  installation 
μ  installation 

= =
instance
in.stance
AHD:[1nstns] 
D.J.[6!nst*ns]
K.K.[6!nst*ns]
n.ʣ
An example that is cited to prove or invalidate a contention or illustrate a point.See Synonyms at example 
֤֤򲵳ĳ۵֤ĳֹ۵Ӳμ example
A case or an occurrence:
¼
In all such instances, let conscience be your guide.
ЩУ֪Ϊָ·
Law A legal proceeding or process; a suit.
ɡ ϣɳ
A step in a process or series of events:
򣬲裺ĳһ̻һеһ׶λ裺
You should apply in the first instance to the personnel manager.
ȣӦ¾
A suggestion or request:
Ҫ
called at the instance of his attorney.
ʦҪ´Ѷ
Archaic Urgent solicitation.
 
Obsolete An impelling motive.
 ʹĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.stanced,in.stanc.ing,in.stanc.es 
To offer as an example; cite.
֤
To demonstrate or show by an example; exemplify.
ʾ˵֤֤
?
for instance
As an example; for example.
Ϊӣ
?
Middle English instaunce 
йӢ instaunce 
from Old French instance [request, instant] 
Դ ŷ instance [󣬼̵] 
and from Medieval Latin oa [example] 
Դ  oa [] 
both from Latin [presence] 
Դ  [ϯڳ] 
from o3ns}  onstant- [present] * see  instant 
Դ o3ns}  onstant- [ڵ] *μ instant

= =
instant
in.stant
AHD:[1nstnt] 
D.J.[6!nst*nt]
K.K.[6!nst*nt]
n.Abbr. inst.ʣд inst.
An almost imperceptible space of time.See Synonyms at moment 
˲䣬̣첻ʱβμ moment
A particular time:
˿̣ɲǣ
Tell me the instant they arrive.
ǵʱ
The current month:
£
your letter of the 15th instant.
㱾15յ
A food or beverage designed for quick preparation.
ʳʳƷϣ׼ͿʳõʳƷ
adj.Abbr. inst.ݴʣд inst.
Occurring at once; immediate:
ģϵģ
instant gratification.
˲ϲ
Imperative; urgent:
ȵģȵģ
an instant need.

Now under consideration; present.
ڿǵģĿǰ
Commercially prepared or processed for quick and easy final preparation:
ʳģԤ׼ӹԱѸټã
an instant cake mix.
õĲ
Readily soluble in water:
ܵģ
instant coffee; instant powdered milk.
ܿȣ̷
Appearing, done, or taking place with or as if with maximum quickness and ease:
̲ģֹĻӹģܹٶģ
She had the gift of instant intimacy(Sylvia Jukes Morris)
˴һƬ(άǡ˹Ī˹)
adv.ʣ
At once; instantly.
ϣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin o3ns}  onstant- [present] [present participle of] onst3re [to approach] 
Դ  o3ns}  onstant- [ǰ]  [] onst3reڷִ [ӽ] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
instantness
n.ʣ

= =
instantaneous
in.stan.ta.ne.ous
AHD:[1nstn-t3n?-s] 
D.J.[7!nst*n6te!ni8*s]
K.K.[7!nst*n6teni*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring or completed without perceptible delay:
˲ģڲɲļʱڷɵģ
Relief was instantaneous.
ʹ˲
Done or made as quickly or directly as possible:
̵ģܿٻֱӵɻɣ
an instantaneous reply to my letter.
ҵżļ̴
Present or occurring at a specific instant:
˲ʱģһضʱڳֻɵģ
instantaneous velocity; instantaneous pressure.
˲ʱٶȣ˲ʱѹ
?
From Medieval Latin o3neus} 
Դ  o3neus} 
from Latin o3ns}  onstant- [present] * see  instant 
Դ  o3ns}  onstant- [ǰ] *μ instant
?
instantaneity
AHD:[1n-st2nt-n?1-t?, 1nstn] ʣ
instantaneously
adv.ʣ
instantaneousness
n.ʣ

= =
instantly
in.stant.ly
AHD:[1nstnt-l?] 
D.J.[6!nst*ntli8]
K.K.[6!nst*ntli]
adv.ʣ
At once.
ϵ
With insistence; urgently.
ֵأȵ
conj.Chiefly British ӴʣӢ 
As soon as.
һ...

= =
instead
in.stead
AHD:[1n-std] 
D.J.[!n6sted]
K.K.[!n6stWd]
adv.ʣ
In the place of something previously mentioned; as a substitute or an equivalent:
棺ȡǰᵽĳΪƷͬ
Having planned to drive, we walked instead.
Բдԭȼƻļݳ
In preference; as an alternative:
ԸΪģ
yearned instead for a home and family.
Һͼͥ
?
Middle English in sted of [in place of] 
йӢ in sted of [] 
in [in] * see  in 1
in [ڡ] *μ in1
stede [place] * see  stead 
stede [ط] *μ stead
of [of] * see  of 
of [] *μ of

= =
instinct
in.stinct
AHD:[1nst1ngkt] 
D.J.[6!n7st!0kt]
K.K.[6!n7st!0kt]
n.ʣ
An inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli:
ܣһΪʽֲͬ죬ͨǶĳһ廷̼ķӦ
the spawning instinct in salmon; altruistic instincts in social animals.
ѵıܣȺӶı
A powerful motivation or impulse.
嶯һǿҵĶ嶯
An innate capability or aptitude:
ʣܣ
an instinct for tact and diplomacy.
ڻǺ⽻
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[1n-st1ngkt] 
Deeply filled or imbued:
سţ
words instinct with love.
Դ
Obsolete Impelled from within.
 ڲʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin oonctus} [impulse] [from past participle of] onstinguere [to incite] 
Դ  oonctus} [嶯]  [] ԴonstinguereĹȥִ [] 
in- [intensive pref.] * see  in- 2
in- [ǿǰ׺] *μ in-2
stinguere [to prick] * see  steig- 
stinguere [] *μ steig- 

= =
institute
in.sti.tute
AHD:[1nst1-t?t, -ty?t] 
D.J.[6!nst!7tu8t, -7tju8t]
K.K.[6!nst!7tut, -7tjut]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.sti.tut.ed,in.sti.tut.ing,in.sti.tutes 
To establish, organize, and set in operation.
֯ת
To initiate; begin.See Synonyms at found 1
ʼμ found1
To establish or invest in an office or a position.
ҵҵһһͶ
n.ʣ
Something instituted, especially an authoritative rule or precedent.
ԭ򣬹ƶĶرȨĹ
institutes A digest of the principles or rudiments of a particular subject, especially a legal abstract.
 institutes ѧҪĳһѧƵԭժҪرǷѧĸҪ
Abbr. inst.,Inst.An organization founded to promote a cause:
д inst.,Inst.ѧΪƶĳҵ֯
a cancer research institute.
֢оѧ
Abbr. I,Inst.
д I,Inst.
An educational institution, especially one for the instruction of technical subjects.
ѧԺرΪָڼĿ
The building or buildings housing such an institution.
Ժѧ֮Ľ
A usually short, intensive workshop or seminar on a specific subject.
ϰ࣬ѵࣺĳһĿͨΪ ڵļѵо
?
Middle English instituten 
йӢ instituten 
from Latin oe  onstit?t- [to establish] 
Դ  oe  onstit?t- [] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
statuere [to set up]  from st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
statuere []  Դ st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
instituter  
institutor
n.ʣ

= =
institution
in.sti.tu.tion
AHD:[1nst1-t?shn, -ty?-] 
D.J.[7!nst!6tu8.*n, -6tju8-]
K.K.[7!nst!6tu.*n, -6tju-]
n.ʣ
The act of instituting.
Ϊ
A custom, practice, relationship, or behavioral pattern of importance in the life of a community or society:
ƶȣϰףһеϰߣʵϵҪΪʽ
the institutions of marriage and the family.
ͼͥƶ
Informal One long associated with a specified place, position, or function.
ʽ ĳһָطλãгڹϵ
Abbr. inst.,Inst.
д inst.,Inst.
An established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service, or culture.
һѳ֯رָΪĻĿĶ
The building or buildings housing such an organization.
ЩĽ
A place for the care of persons who are destitute, disabled, or mentally ill.
չƶзϻʧ˵ĵط

= =
instruct
in.struct
AHD:[1n-str?kt] 
D.J.[!n6strJkt]
K.K.[!n6strJkt]
v.ʣ
in.struct.ed,in.struct.ing,in.structs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with knowledge, especially in a methodical way.See Synonyms at teach 
ڣṩ֪ʶ,رϵͳķʽμ teach
To give orders to; direct.See Synonyms at command 
ָʾμ command
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To serve as an instructor.
̿Σνʦ
?
Middle English instructen 
йӢ instructen 
from Latin oe  onstr?ct- [to prepare, instruct] 
Դ  oe  onstr?ct- [׼ָ] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
struere [to build] * see  ster- 2
struere [] *μ ster- 2

= =
instruction
in.struc.tion
AHD:[1n-str?kshn] 
D.J.[!n6strJk.*n]
K.K.[!n6strJk.*n]
n.Abbr. instr.ʣд instr.
The act, practice, or profession of instructing.
ڿΣڵΪʵְҵ
Imparted knowledge.
̻壺ڵ֪ʶ
An imparted or acquired item of knowledge; a lesson.
ڵĻõ֪ʶγ
Computer Science A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation.
ѧ ָָʾִضĻ
Often instructions An authoritative direction to be obeyed; an order:
  instructions ָʾصȨָ
had instructions to be home by midnight.
ҹǰؼҵ
instructions Detailed directions on procedure:
 instructions ָϣڲ꾡ָ
read the instructions for assembly.
ĶߵĲָ
?
instructional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
instrument
in.stru.ment
AHD:[1nstr-mnt] 
D.J.[6!nstr*m*nt]
K.K.[6!nstr*m*nt]
n.Abbr. instr.ʣд instr.
A means by which something is done; an agency.
ֶΣĳµķʽн
One used by another to accomplish a purpose; a dupe.
õˣôﵽĳĿĵˣŪ
An implement used to facilitate work.See Synonyms at tool 
ߣЭ߲μ tool
A device for recording, measuring, or controlling, especially such a device functioning as part of a control system.
Ǳڼ¼ƵװãرΪϵͳֵĴװ
Music A device for playing or producing music:
֡ ֵװã
a percussion instrument; a keyboard instrument.

A legal document.
飺ļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.stru.ment.ed,in.stru.ment.ing,in.stru.ments[-mnt]  
To provide or equip with instruments.
ṩװ
Music To compose or arrange for performance.
֡ Ϊı
To address a legal document to.
ύ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin o?mentum} [tool, implement] 
Դ  o?mentum} [ߣװ] 
from oe [to prepare] * see  instruct 
Դ oe [׼] *μ instruct

= =
instrumental
in.stru.men.tal
AHD:[1nstr-mntl] 
D.J.[7!nstr*6mentl]
K.K.[7!nstr*6mWnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as a means or an agency; implemental:
ΪֶεģΪнģаģ
was instrumental in solving the crime.
ڽ
Of, relating to, or accomplished with an instrument or a tool.
򹤾ߵģ֮صĻɵ
Music Performed on or written for an instrument.
֡ ĻΪд
Grammar Of or designating a case used typically to express means, agency, or accompaniment.
﷨ ߸ģԵʾʽнģָʾ˸
Of or relating to instrumentalism.
߸ģߴʵ
n.ʣ
Grammar The instrumental case.
﷨ ߸
A word in the instrumental case.
߸еһ
Music A composition for one or more instruments, usually without vocal accompaniment.
֡ Ϊһֻдӣͨûа
?
instrumentally
adv.ʣ

= =
insufficient
in.suf.fi.cient
AHD:[1ns-f1shnt] 
D.J.[7!ns*6f!.*nt]
K.K.[7!ns*6f!.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Not sufficient; inadequate.
㣻ֵ
?
insufficiently
adv.ʣ

= =
insulate
in.su.late
AHD:[1ns-l3t, 1nsy-] 
D.J.[6!ns*7le!t, 6!nsj*-]
K.K.[6!ns*7let, 6!nsj*-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.su.lat.ed,in.su.lat.ing,in.su.lates 
To cause to be in a detached or isolated position.See Synonyms at isolate 
룺ʹڹλòμ isolate
To prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or out of, especially by surrounding with a nonconducting material.
ԵֹȣĽرͨϲﵽ
?
Latin oa [island] 
 oa [] 
-ate 1
-ate1

= =
insult
in.sult
AHD:[1n-s?lt] 
D.J.[!n6sJlt]
K.K.[!n6sJlt]
v.ʣ
in.sult.ed,in.sult.ing,in.sults 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To treat with gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness.See Synonyms at offend 
裺ҰأءضԴμ offend
To affront or demean:
ʹ£
an absurd speech that insulted the intelligence of the audience.
Ļ˵
Obsolete To make an attack on.
 
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To behave arrogantly.
Ϊ
To give offense; offend:
裻裺
a speech that was intended to insult.
Ե̸
n.ʣ
AHD:[1ns?lt] 
An offensive action or remark.
ԵΪ̸
Medicine A bodily injury, irritation, or trauma.
ҽѧ ˣ׻
?
French insulter 
 insulter 
from Old French [to assault] 
Դ ŷ [Ϯ] 
from Latin o3re} [to leap at, insult] [frequentative of] onsilore [to leap upon] 
Դ  o3re} [ץס]  [] onsiloreظ [Ծ] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
saloe [to leap] * see  sel- 
saloe [Ծ] *μ sel- 
?
insulter
n.ʣ
insultingly
adv.ʣ

= =
insurance
in.sur.ance
AHD:[1n-sh?rns] 
D.J.[!n6.&*r*ns]
K.K.[!n6.&r*ns]
n.Abbr. ins.ʣд ins.
The act, business, or system of insuring.
Ϊҵϵͳ
The state of being insured.
յ״̬
A means of being insured.
յĴʩ
Coverage by a contract binding a party to indemnify another against specified loss in return for premiums paid.
գչ˾һǩԼ⳥һܵضʧԲ
The sum or rate for which such a contract insures something.
սͬ涨ıյĽ
The periodic premium paid for this coverage.
ãΪֱն֧ı
A protective measure:
Դʩ
biking helmets that provide insurance against an accident.
Ϊ¹ṩԴʩгͷ
adj.Sports ݴʣ˶ 
Of, relating to, or being a score that increases a team's lead enough to prevent the opposing team from tying the game with one more score:
Ⱦ棬ʹֲһֶƽֵģ
an insurance run.
ȾĲ

= =
insure
in.sure
AHD:[1n-sh?r] 
D.J.[!n6.&*]
K.K.[!n6.&r]
v.ʣ
in.sured,in.sur.ing,in.sures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with insurance.
Ϊ
To make sure, certain, or secure.See Usage Note at assure 
֤϶ȷμ assure
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To buy or sell insurance.

?
Middle English ensuren [to assure] 
йӢ ensuren [϶] 
from Old French enseurer 
Դ ŷ enseurer 
possibly variant of assurer * see  assure 
Ϊ assurerı *μ assure
?
insurability
n.ʣ
insurable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
intact
in.tact
AHD:[1n-t2kt] 
D.J.[!n6t#kt]
K.K.[!n6t#kt]
adj.ݴʣ
Remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any way.
ȱģδ𺦵ģֽȫδ˵ģδ𺦵
Having all physical parts, especially:
ȱģģָ
Having the hymen unbroken.
ͯģŮĤõ
Not castrated.
δ˸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin int3s 
Դ  int3s 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
t3s [past participle of] tangere [to touch] * see  tag- 
t3s  [] tangereĹȥִ [ȥӴ] *μ tag- 
?
intactly
adv.ʣ
intactness
n.ʣ

= =
integral
in.te.gral
AHD:[1nt1-grl, 1n-tgrl] 
D.J.[6!nt!gr*l, !n6tegr*l]
K.K.[6!nt!gr*l, !n6tWgr*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Essential or necessary for completeness; constituent:
ģģӦеģ
The kitchen is an integral part of a house.
ǷӲȱĲ
Possessing everything essential; entire.
ģȫҪصģ
[1nt1-grl] Mathematics 
[1nt1-grl] ѧ 
Expressed or expressible as or in terms of integers.
ģʾĻʾ
Expressed as or involving integrals.
ֵģʾΪ
n.ʣ
A complete unit; a whole.
壻ȫ
[1nt1-grl] Mathematics 
[1nt1-grl] ѧ 
A definite integral.
һ
An indefinite integral.
һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin integr3s [making up a whole] 
Դ  integr3s [һ] 
from Latin integer [complete] * see  integer 
Դ  integer [ȫ] *μ integer
?
integrality
AHD:[-gr2l1-t?] ʣ
integrally
adv.ʣ

= =
integrate
in.te.grate
AHD:[1nt1-gr3t] 
D.J.[6!nt!7gre!t]
K.K.[6!nt!7gret]
v.ʣ
inte.grat.ed,inte.grat.ing,inte.grates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify.
ʹһ壺вַһһ壻ʹ
To join with something else; unite.
ϲ
To make part of a larger unit:
Ϊϴеһ֣
integrated the new procedures into the work routine.
³˹
To open to people of all races or ethnic groups without restriction; desegregate.
ʹƽȴڽκƣȡ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To calculate the integral of.
󡭵Ļ
To perform integration on.
Իַ
Psychology To bring about the integration of (personality traits).
ѧ ͬ£Ըص㣩ں
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become integrated or undergo integration.
Ϊһһ
?
From Middle English [intact] 
Դ йӢ [] 
from Latin integr3s [past participle of] integr3re [to make whole] 
Դ  integr3s  [] integr3reĹȥִ [Ϊһ] 
from integer [complete] * see  tag- 
Դ integer [ȫ] *μ tag- 
?
integrative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
integrity
in.teg.ri.ty
AHD:[1n-tgr1-t?] 
D.J.[!n6tegr!ti8]
K.K.[!n6tWgr!ti]
n.ʣ
Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code.See Synonyms at honesty 
ʵϸĵ¹淶ڽ̽μ honesty
The state of being unimpaired; soundness.
δ𺦵״̬ȫ
The quality or condition of being whole or undivided; completeness.
ʻ״̬ȫ
?
Middle English integrite 
йӢ integrite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin integrit3s [soundness] 
Դ  integrit3s [ȫ] 
from integer [whole, complete] * see  tag- 
Դ integer [ģȫ] *μ tag- 

= =
intellect
in.tel.lect
AHD:[1ntl-kt] 
D.J.[6!ntl7ekt]
K.K.[6!nt17Wkt]
n.ʣ
The ability to learn and reason; the capacity for knowledge and understanding.
ѧϰ֪ʶ
The ability to think abstractly or profoundly.See Synonyms at mind 
˼άμ mind
A person of great intellectual ability.
֪ʶӣкܸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French intellecte 
Դ ŷ intellecte 
from Latin intell?s [perception] [from past participle of] intellegere [to perceive] * see  intelligent 
Դ  intell?s []  [] ԴintellegereĹȥִ [۲] *μ intelligent

= =
intellectual
in.tel.lec.tu.al
AHD:[1ntl-kch?-l] 
D.J.[7!ntl6ekt.u8*l]
K.K.[7!nt16Wkt.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the intellect.
ģĻйص
Rational rather than emotional.
ԵģԵĶǸԵ
Appealing to or engaging the intellect:
֪Եģûʹģ
an intellectual book; an intellectual problem.
֪Ե飻Ҫӽ
Having or showing intellect, especially to a high degree.See Synonyms at intelligent 
̵ģĻԳģرǵһϸߵˮƽμ intelligent
Given to exercise of the intellect; inclined toward abstract thinking about aesthetic or philosophical subjects.
Ծ˼άģģڶѧѧг˼ά
n.ʣ
An intellectual person.
֪ʶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French intellectuel 
Դ ŷ intellectuel 
from Late Latin intell?3lis} 
Դ  intell?3lis} 
from Latin intell?s [intellect] * see  intellect 
Դ  intell?s [] *μ intellect
?
intellectuality
AHD:[-2l1-t?] ʣ
intellectually
adv.ʣ
intellectualness
n.ʣ

= =
intelligence
in.tel.li.gence
AHD:[1n-tl-jns] 
D.J.[!n6tel*d9*ns]
K.K.[!n6tWl*d9*ns]
n.Abbr. int.,Iʣд int.,I
The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.
ǣѧϰӦ֪ʶ
The faculty of thought and reason.
˼
Superior powers of mind.See Synonyms at mind 
ϸߵμ mind
Theology An intelligent, incorporeal being, especially an angel.
ѧ ˸񻯣ǻ۵壬ʹ
Intelligence Christian Science The primal, eternal quality of God.
 Intelligence ̿ѧɡ ϵģ
Information; news.See Synonyms at news 
ϢϢμ news
Secret information, especially about an actual or potential enemy.
鱨ϢָйǱڵĵ˵Ϣ
An agency, a staff, or an office employed in gathering such information.
鱨ţռ鱨ĻԱ
Espionage agents, organizations, and activities considered as a group:
鱨Ϊһ֯ͻ
Intelligence is nothing if not an institutionalized black market in perishable commodities(John le Carr)
鱨һ׻ƷƶȻĺУʲôأ(Լա)

= =
intelligent
in.tel.li.gent
AHD:[1n-tl-jnt] 
D.J.[!n6tel*d9*nt]
K.K.[!n6tWl*d9*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Having intelligence.

Having a high degree of intelligence; mentally acute.
ӱģģнϸˮƽ
Showing sound judgment and rationality:
ǵģ˼ǵģʾɿжϺģ
an intelligent decision; an intelligent solution to the budget problem.
˼ǵľԤĺĽ취
Appealing to the intellect; intellectual:
ģԵģ
a film with witty and intelligent dialogue.
԰׷ȤǵĵӰ
Computer Science Having certain data storage and processing capabilities:
ѧ ܵģݴʹģ
an intelligent terminal; intelligent peripherals.
նˣⲿ豸
?
Latin intellig?s  intelligent- [present participle of] intellegere, intelligere [to perceive] 
 intellig?s  intelligent-  [] intellegere, intelligereڷִ [] 
inter- [inter-] 
inter- [ڡ֮] 
legere [to choose] * see  leg- 
legere [ѡ] *μ leg- 
?
intelligential
AHD:[-jnshl] ݴʣ
intelligently
adv.ʣ
?
intelligent,bright,brilliant,knowing,quick-witted,smart,intellectual
These adjectives mean having or showing mental keenness.
Щݴʶлʾ˼άĿԡ
 Intelligent   usually implies the ability to cope with demands arising from novel situations and new problems and to use the power of reasoning and inference effectively: 
 Intelligent  ָͨӦЧʹƶ 
The most intelligent students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.
ѧĶαݡ
Bright  implies quickness or ease in learning: 
Bright  ָѧϰѸٻɣ 
Some children are brighter in one subject than in another.
һЩĳĿϱһҪѧÿ졣
Brilliant   suggests unusually impressive mental acuteness: 
Brilliant  ָ˼άͬѰݣ 
The dullard's envy of brilliant men is always assuaged by the suspicion that they will come to a bad end (Max Beerbohm).
˶ߵĶʼǱ߽յĻƽϢ ˹ȶķ
 Knowing  implies the possession of knowledge, information, or understanding: 
 Knowing  ָ֪ʶϢ 
Knowing furniture collectors bought American antiques before the prices soared.
ļҾղڼ۸֮ǰŶ
Quick-witted  suggests mental alertness and prompt response: 
Quickwitted  ָϵݺѸٵķӦ 
We were successful not because we were quick-witted but because we persevered.
֮ԳɹΪǻǣΪǼͲΡ
Smart  refers to quick intelligence and often a ready capability for taking care of one's own interests: 
Smart  ָٵʱάԼ 
The smartest lawyers avoid the appearance of manipulating juries.
ʦ˿ȥڿš
Intellectual  stresses the working of the intellectand especially implies the capacity to grasp difficult or abstract concepts: 
Intellectual  ǿãѻ 
The scholar's interest in the intellectual and analytical aspect of music didn't prevent her from enjoying concerts. 
λѧ߶ԺͷȤӰֻ 

= =
intelligible
in.tel.li.gi.ble
AHD:[1n-tl1-j-bl] 
D.J.[!n6tel!d9*b*l]
K.K.[!n6tWl!d9*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being understood:
ܱģ
an intelligible set of directions.
һ˵
Capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone.
ֻΪ֪ʶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin intellegibilis, intelligibilis 
Դ  intellegibilis, intelligibilis 
from intellegere [to perceive] * see  intelligent 
Դ intellegere [] *μ intelligent
?
intelligibility  
intelligibleness
n.ʣ
intelligibly
adv.ʣ

= =
intend
in.tend
AHD:[1n-tnd] 
D.J.[!n6tend]
K.K.[!n6tWnd]
v.ʣ
in.tend.ed,in.tend.ing,in.tends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have in mind; plan:
ƻ
We intend to go. They intend going. You intended that she go.
ǴȥҪȥƻȥ
To design for a specific purpose.
ΪĿĶ
To have in mind for a particular use.
Ϊض;
To signify or mean.
ָζ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a design or purpose in mind.
ĳͼĿ
?
Middle English entenden 
йӢ entenden 
from Old French entendre 
Դ ŷ entendre 
from Latin intendere 
Դ  intendere 
in- [toward] * see  in- 2
in- [] *μ in-2
tendere [to stretch] * see  ten- 
tendere [չ] *μ ten- 

= =
intense
in.tense
AHD:[1n-tns] 
D.J.[!n6tens]
K.K.[!n6tWns]
adj.ݴʣ
in.tens.er,in.tens.est 
Possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to an extreme degree:
ǿҵģлĳֲͬرǿҵĳ̶ȵģ
the intense sun of the tropics.
ϵ
Extreme in degree, strength, or size:
˵ģǿҵģڳ̶ȡرģ
intense heat.

Involving or showing strain or extreme effort:
ŵģԳѹرŬģ
intense concentration.
ŵͶ
Deeply felt; profound:
еظܵģ̵ģ
intense emotion.

Tending to feel deeply:
̵ģ
an intense writer.
̵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin int?s [stretched, intent] [from past participle of] intendere [to stretch, intend] * see  intend 
Դ  int?s [չģͼ]  [] ԴintendereĹȥִ [չ] *μ intend
?
intensely
adv.ʣ
intenseness
n.ʣ
?
intense,fierce,vehement,violent
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is of an extreme kind: 
Щݵ˼ǡرġ 
intense emotions;
飻
fierce loyalty;
ģ
vehement dislike;

violent rage. 
ǿҵķŭ 
?
The meanings ofintense  and intensive  overlap considerably, but the two are often subtly distinct.When used to describe human feeling or activity,intense often suggests a strength or 
concentration that arises from inner dispositions and is particularly appropriate when used to describe emotional states: 
intense  intensive ˼൱̶ǽģ Ǿϸ΢Ĳ𡣵˵ĸʱintense ָͨרģ ر
д״̬ 
intense pleasure, dislike, loyalty, and so forth.  Intensive  
ȵĿ֣Ϊ񣬷ǳҳϵȵȡ  Intensive  
is more frequently applied when the strength or concentration of an activity is imposed from without: 
ָΪǿȺͳ̶ⲿǿӵģ 
intensive bombing, training, marketing. 
ǿҵıըǿҵѵŵӪ 
Thus a reference toMark's intense study of German  suggests that Mark himself was responsible for the concentrated activity, whereasMark's intensive study of German  suggests that 
the program in which Mark was studying was designed to cover a great deal of material in a brief period. 
Mark's intense study of German ָԼԼеΪ Mark's intensive study of German ζ˵ѧϰƻǴڶʱԴ 

= =
intensify
in.ten.si.fy
AHD:[1n-tns-fo] 
D.J.[!n6tens*7fa!]
K.K.[!n6tWns*7fa!]
v.ʣ
in.ten.si.fied,in.ten.si.fy.ing,in.ten.si.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make intense or more intense:
ǿǿ
The press has intensified its scrutiny of the candidate's background.
Žǿ˶Ը˱ĵ
To increase the contrast of (a photographic image).
ӣƬͼ󣩵ĶԱȶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become intense or more intense:
ǿǿ
The search intensified as dusk approached.
ƻ轫ǿ
?
intensification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ

= =
intensity
in.ten.si.ty
AHD:[1n-tns1-t?] 
D.J.[!n6tens!ti8]
K.K.[!n6tWns!ti]
n.ʣ
 in.ten.si.ties 
Exceptionally great concentration, power, or force.
رǿҵĳ̶ȣ
Physics The amount or degree of strength of electricity, light, heat, or sound per unit area or volume.
ѧ ǿȳ̶ȣλ硢⡢Ȼǿȵ̶
Color 
ɫʡ 
The strength of a color, especially the degree to which it lacks its complementary color.
ɫͶȣɫʵǿȣָȱɫĳ̶
See  saturation 
μ  saturation 

= =
intensive
in.ten.sive
AHD:[1n-tns1v] 
D.J.[!n6tens!v]
K.K.[!n6tWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characterized by intensity:
ǿҵģǿģǿйصģܼģ
intensive training.See Usage Note at intense 
ǿѵμ intense
Grammar Tending to emphasize or intensify:
﷨ ǿģǿǿģ
an intensive adverb.
ǿĸ
Possessing or requiring to a high degree. Often used in combination:
ܼģǿģлҪϸ̶߳ȵġںϳɴУ
research-intensive; labor-intensive.
оܼģͶܼ
Relating to or being a method especially of land cultivation intended to increase the productivity of a fixed area by means of an increase in capital and labor.
ϸģͨʱͶͶӹزĸ
Physics Having the same value for any subdivision of a thermodynamic system:
ѧ ǿȵģȶϵͳķֵ֧ͬģ
intensive pressure.
ǿѹ
n.Grammar ʣ﷨ 
A linguistic element, such as the adverbextremely  or awfully,  that provides force or emphasis. Also called  intensifier 
ǿɷݣ縱ʼ  ر ȱʾǿԳɷ Ҳ  intensifier
?
intensively
adv.ʣ
intensiveness
n.ʣ

= =
intent
in.tent
AHD:[1n-tnt] 
D.J.[!n6tent]
K.K.[!n6tWnt]
n.ʣ
Something that is intended; an aim or a purpose.See Synonyms at intention 
ͼĿĿĲμ intention
Law The state of one's mind at the time one carries out an action.
ɡ ⣺ĳʵʩһΪʱ˼״
Meaning; purport.
˼
adj.ݴʣ
Firmly fixed; concentrated:
̶ģרĵģ
an intent gaze.
Ŀתע
Having the attention applied; engrossed:
רĵģרעģ
The students, intent upon their books, did not hear me enter the room.
ѧרĿ飬ûҽ
Having the mind and will focused on a specific purpose:
еģģר־ĳһضĿģ
was intent on leaving within the hour; are intent upon being recognized.
һҪһСʱ뿪һΪϿ
?
for all intents and purposes 
to all intents and purposes
In every practical sense; practically:
һз棻ʵϣ
To all intents and purposes the case is closed.
ʵ˽
?
Middle English entent 
йӢ entent 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin intentus 
Դ  intentus 
from Latin [an extending] 
Դ  [չ] 
from intentus [attentive to, strained] [from past participle of] intendere [to direct attention] * see  intend 
Դ intentus [רڣǿ]  [] ԴintendereĹȥִ [ע] *μ intend
?
intently
adv.ʣ
intentness
n.ʣ

= =
intention
in.ten.tion
AHD:[1n-tnshn] 
D.J.[!n6ten.*n]
K.K.[!n6tWn.*n]
n.ʣ
A course of action that one intends to follow.
ͼҪ׷ж
An aim that guides action; an objective.
ָжĿꣻĿ
intentions Purpose with respect to marriage:
 intentions ͼ
honorable intentions.
еͼ
Philosophy A concept arising from directing the attention toward an object.
ѧ ɽעŵĳ϶ĸ
Medicine The process by which or the manner in which a wound heals.
ҽѧ ϣ˿ϵĹ̻ʽ
Archaic Import; meaning.
 壻
?
Middle English entencioun 
йӢ entencioun 
from Old French intention 
Դ ŷ intention 
from Latin intenti?}  intenti?n- 
Դ  intenti?}  intenti?n- 
from intentus [intent] [from past participle of] intendere [to direct attention] * see  intend 
Դ intentus [ͼ]  [] ԴintendereĹȥִ [ע] *μ intend
?
intention,intent,purpose,goal,end,aim,object,objective
These nouns refer to what one intends to do or achieve.
ЩʶָҪﵽĶ
 Intention  simply signifies a course of action that one proposes to follow: 
 Intention  ָֻĳҪ׷ж 
It is not my intention to argue with you.
Ҳۡ
Intent  more strongly implies deliberateness: 
Intent  иǿĹĺ壺 
The executor tried to comply with the intent of the testator.
ִ˾֮˵ͼ
Purpose  strengthens the idea of resolution or determination: 
Purpose  ǿĻ뷨 
His purpose was to discover how long these guests intended to stay (Joseph Conrad).
Ҫ֪Щ˴೤ʱ䡱 Լɪ򡤿
 Goal  may suggest an idealistic or even a remote purpose: 
 Goal  ָĻңԶĿ꣺ 
Black Power . . . is a call for black people to begin to define their own goals (Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton).
ȨǶԺȷԼĿĺ١ ˹пЪͲ˹Vܶ٣
 End  suggests a long-range goal: 
 End  ָԶĿ꣺ 
It has been said that the end justifies the means.
˵Ŀȷֶ
Aim  stresses the direction one's efforts take in pursuit of an end: 
Aim  ǿΪ׷ѰĳĿĶŬķ 
The aim of every performing artist is to achieve perfection of execution. Anobject is an end that one tries to carry out:  
ÿҵĿĶΪ˴ﵽƾ object ָĳͼʵʩĿ꣺  
The chief object of the English was to establish . . . a great empire on the Continent (Macaulay).
ӢҪĿҪڴ½Ͻһΰĵ۹ 
 Objective  often implies that the end or goal can be reached: 
 Objective  ָܹͨﵽĿĻĿ꣺ 
A major objective [of political liberalism] is the protection of the economic weak  (Wayne Morse).
ҪĿģ ǶԾƣı  ΤĪ˹

= =
intentional
in.ten.tion.al
AHD:[1n-tnsh-nl] 
D.J.[!n6ten.*n*l]
K.K.[!n6tWn.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Done deliberately; intended:
ģģ
an intentional slight.See Synonyms at voluntary 
ĵμ voluntary
Having to do with intention.
Ŀйص
?
intentionality
AHD:[-n2l1-t?] ʣ
intentionally
adv.ʣ

= =
interact
in.ter.act
AHD:[1ntr-2kt] 
D.J.[7!nt*6#kt]
K.K.[7!nt+6#kt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
in.ter.act.ed,in.ter.act.ing,in.ter.acts 
To act on each other:
ã
More than a dozen variable factors could interact, with their permutations running into the thousands(Tom Clancy)
һϵĿɱؿ໥ãʹǵгɳǧ(ķ)

= =
interaction
in.ter.ac.tion
AHD:[1ntr-2kshn] 
D.J.[7!nt*6#k.*n]
K.K.[7!nt+6#k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of interacting.
໥ã໥Ϊ
The state of undergoing interaction.
໥ã໥õ״̬
Physics Any of four fundamental ways in which elementary particles and bodies can influence each other, classified as strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational.
ѧ ໥ã໥ӰֻʽɷΪǿź

= =
interest
in.ter.est
AHD:[1ntr1st, -tr-1st, -trst] 
D.J.[6!ntr!st, -t*r!st, -7trest]
K.K.[6!ntr!st, -t*r!st, -7trWst]
n.Abbr. i.,int.ʣд i.,int.
A state of curiosity or concern about or attention to something:
Ȥģĳµĺ桢Ļע⣺
an interest in sports.
Ȥ
Something, such as a quality, a subject, or an activity, that evokes this mental state:
Ȥζ˸оȤʡ
counts the theater among his interests.
Ϸİ֮һ
Often interests Regard for one's own benefit or advantage; self-interest:
  interests 棺ĺôĿǣ˽
It is in your best interest to cooperate. She kept her own interests in mind.
Ĵ˽
A right, claim, or legal share:
Ȩ棬ȨȨȨ
an interest in the new company.
¹˾
Something in which such a right, claim, or share is held:
Ȩ桢ծȨȨ֤
has interests overseas.
кȨ
A person or group of persons holding such a right, claim, or share:
дȨ桢ծȨȨ˻ţ
a petroleum interest.
ʯҵ
Involvement with or participation in something:
ͼĳ£
She has an interest in the quality of her education.
ĽƷ
A charge for a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned.
ϢʹôķãͨԴİٷֱȼϢ
An excess or a bonus beyond what is expected or due.
򳬹ԤڻӦĺ
An interest group.
漯
The particular cause supported by an interest group.
ĳ漯ֵ֧ҵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.ter.est.ed,in.ter.est.ing,in.ter.ests 
To arouse the curiosity or hold the attention of:
Ȥע
Your opinions interest me.
Ĺ۵ҵȤ
To cause to become involved or concerned with:
ʹ룬ʹͶ룺
tried to interest her in taking a walk.
ͼһȥɢ
Obsolete To concern or affect.
 עӰ
?
in the interest of 
in the interests of
To the advantage of; for the sake of:
Ϊˡ棻ΪˡԵʣ
thinking in the interest of the whole family; ate breakfast on the train in the interest of time.
Ϊ룻Ϊ˽ʡʱڻϳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin [it is of importance] [3rd person sing. present tense of] interesse [to be between, take part in] 
Դ  [Ҫ]  [] interesseĵ˳Ƶʱ [ڡ֮μ] 
inter- [inter-] 
inter- [ڡ֮] 
esse [to be] * see  es- 
esse [Ƕ] *μ es- 

= =
interesting
in.ter.est.ing
AHD:[1ntr1-st1ng, -tr-1-st1ng, -t-rst1ng] 
D.J.[6!ntr!st!0, -t*r!st!0, -t*7rest!0]
K.K.[6!ntr!st!0, -t*r!st!0, -t*7rWst!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing or holding the attention; absorbing.
עģרע
?
interestingly
adv.ʣ

= =
interfere
in.ter.fere
AHD:[1ntr-f?r] 
D.J.[7!nt*6f!*]
K.K.[7!nt+6f!r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
in.ter.fered,in.ter.fer.ing,in.ter.feres 
To come between so as to be a hindrance or an obstacle:
谭
loud talking that interfered with the other patrons' conversations; assistance that only interfered.
Ӱ˽̸Ĵ̸ԽԽæ
Sports To perform an act of interference.
˶ ڻ赲赲Ϊ
To intervene or intrude in the affairs of others; meddle.
룬棺˵£
To strike one hoof against the opposite hoof or leg while moving. Used of a horse.
ţײһֻͬԵһֻ֮໥ײָ
Physics Electronics To cause interference.
ѧ ѧ 
?
Middle English enterferen 
йӢ enterferen 
from Old French s'entreferer [to strike one another] 
Դ ŷ s'entreferer [ײ] 
entre- [between]  from Latin inter- * see  inter- 
entre- [ڡ֮]  Դ  inter- *μ inter-
ferir [to strike]  from Latin feroe 
ferir []  Դ  feroe 
?
interferer
n.ʣ
interferingly
adv.ʣ
?
interfere,meddle,tamper
These verbs are compared as they mean to put oneself forward and intervene in the affairs of others when unasked to do so and often in an impudent or indiscreet manner.
ЩָĳδҪͽֱ˵£ͨһ³çòķʽʱǼԱȽϡ
 Interfere   andmeddle  are sometimes interchangeable. Meddle, however, is the stronger in implying unwanted, unwarranted, or unnecessary intrusion:  
 Interfere  meddle ʱɻ meddle ָҪġɵĻǱĽʱǿ  
wholly unacquainted with the world in which they are so fond of meddling (Edmund Burke).It is somewhat weaker thaninterfere  in implying action that seriously hampers, hinders, 
or frustrates:  
ϲԤһ֪ ºˣָصǣơ谭ӵΪʱinterfere Ҫ  
It was his peculiar doctrine that a man has a perfect right to interfere by force with the slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave (Henry David Thoreau).Totamper is to interfere by 
making unsought, unwelcome, often destructive changes or by trying to influence another in an improper way:  
һصּΪ˽ūһоȨū άޣtamper ͨδġܻӭΪٻԵı仯ͼ
ͨǡķʽӰи棺  
a large number of persons accused of . . . tampering with ballot boxes (James Bryce). 
 һȺָΪƻͶƱˡ ķ˹˹ 
He began another practice, to tamper with the justices (John Strype).
һȥԤ Լ˹գ

= =
interference
in.ter.fer.ence
AHD:[1ntr-f?rns] 
D.J.[7!nt*6f!*r*ns]
K.K.[7!nt+6f!r*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding.
谭ֹΪ
Something that hinders, obstructs, or impedes.
ţϰ谭ֹĶ
Sports Illegal obstruction or hindrance of the ball or of an opposing player, especially hindrance of a receiver in football.
˶ 赲棺赲ԷԱ赲Ա
Football The legal blocking of defensive tacklers to protect and make way for the ball carrier.
 ڻ谭Ϊ͸ܵ˶Ա·赲ضԱ
Physics The variation of wave amplitude that occurs when waves of the same or nearly the same frequency come together.
ѧ ţͬƵʵĲӽʱʹ仯
Electronics 
ѧ 
The inhibition or prevention of clear reception of broadcast signals.
ţֹؽߵź
The distorted portion of a received signal.
ܵźűŤĲ
?
interferential
AHD:[-f-rnshl] ݴʣ

= =
interim
in.ter.im
AHD:[1ntr-1m] 
D.J.[6!nt*r!m]
K.K.[6!nt*r!m]
n.Abbr. int.ʣд int.
An interval of time between one event, process, or period and another.
ڼ䣺ĳЩ¼̻׶ʱϵļ
adj.ݴʣ
Belonging to, serving during, or taking place during an intermediate interval of time; temporary:
ʱģʱģûģ
an interim agreement.See Synonyms at temporary 
һʱЭμ temporary
?
From Latin [in the meantime] * see  en 
Դ  [ڴڼ] *μ en 

= =
interior
in.te.ri.or
AHD:[1n-t?r?-r] 
D.J.[!n6t!*ri8*]
K.K.[!n6t!ri+]
adj.Abbr. int.ݴʣд int.
Of, relating to, or located on the inside; inner.
ڲģڡڻλģ
Of or relating to one's mental or spiritual being:
ģģڻһ˵ڵģ
She thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it(David Denby)
Ϊû꣬ûоʵȴûа취ȥӽ(άǱ)
Situated away from a coast or border; inland.
½ģλԶ뺣߾ģڵص
n.Abbr. int.ʣд int.
The internal portion or area.
ڲĲֻ
One's mental or spiritual life.
飺һ˵
The inland part of a political or geographic entity.
½һλʵ½
The internal affairs of a country or nation.
һһڲ
A representation of the inside of a building or room, as in a photograph.
ڲƬеĽݵڲ
?
Ultimately Latin [comparative adj. of] inter [between] * see  en 
Ϊ   [] interݴʱȽϼ [ڡ֮] *μ en 
?
interiority
AHD:[-?r1-t?, -?r-] ʣ
interiorly
adv.ʣ

= =
intermediate
in.ter.me.di.ate
AHD:[1ntr-m?d?-1t] 
D.J.[7!nt*6mi8di8!t]
K.K.[7!nt+6midi!t]
adj.Abbr. inter.,int.ݴʣд inter.,int.
Lying or occurring between two extremes or in a middle position or state:
мģλڻ˵֮Ļмλû״̬ģ
an aircraft having an intermediate range; an intermediate school.
г̷ɻеѧУ
n.Abbr. inter.,int.ʣд inter.,int.
One that is in a middle position or state.
ммλû״̬
An intermediary.

Chemistry A substance formed as a necessary stage in the manufacture of a desired end product.
ѧ мԤƵղƷı׶γɵ
An automobile that is smaller than a full-sized model but larger than a compact.
һֱȴͳССҪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
in.ter.me.di.at.ed,in.ter.me.di.at.ing,in.ter.me.di.ates[-3t]  
To act as an intermediary; mediate.
⣺䵱ˣ
To intervene.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin intermedi3s 
Դ  intermedi3s 
from Latin intermedius 
Դ  intermedius 
Latin inter- [inter-] 
 inter- [ǰ׺ڡ֮䡱] 
Latin medius [middle] * see  medhyo- 
 medius [͵] *μ medhyo- 
?
intermediacy
n.ʣ
intermediately
adv.ʣ
intermediateness
n.ʣ
intermediation
n.ʣ
intermediator
n.ʣ

= =
intermittent
in.ter.mit.tent
AHD:[1ntr-m1tnt] 
D.J.[7!nt*6m!tnt]
K.K.[7!nt+6m!t2t]
adj.ݴʣ
Stopping and starting at intervals.See Synonyms at periodic 
϶ģͣЪμ periodic
Alternately containing and empty of water:
Ъģˮˮģ
an intermittent lake.
ˮ
?
intermittence
n.ʣ
intermittently
adv.ʣ

= =
internal
in.ter.nal
AHD:[1n-t?rnl] 
D.J.[!n6tT8n*l]
K.K.[!n6tPn*l]
adj.Abbr. int.ݴʣд int.
Of, relating to, or located within the limits or surface; inner.
ڲģڡڻλĳ޶Ȼڵģڲ
Residing in or dependent on essential nature; intrinsic:
ڵģڻʵģеģ
the internal contradictions of the theory.
۱ϵì
Located, acting, or effective within the body.
ڵģλڣڣӰڲ
Of or relating to mental or spiritual nature:
ģģڻʵģ
An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation(A.R. Gurney, Jr.)
ĵСתڶĹġ(СA.R.)
Of or relating to the domestic affairs of a nation, group, or business.
ģڻһҡȺ塢ҵڲ
?
Middle English internall 
йӢ internall 
from Old French internel 
Դ ŷ internel 
from Medieval Latin intern3s 
Դ  intern3s 
from Latin internus 
Դ  internus 
from inter [within] * see  en 
Դ inter [ڡ֮] *μ en 
?
internality
AHD:[-n2l1-t?] ʣ
internally
adv.ʣ

= =
international
in.ter.na.tion.al
AHD:[1ntr-n2sh-nl] 
D.J.[7!nt*6n#.*n*l]
K.K.[7!nt+6n#.*n*l]
adj.Abbr. int.,intl.ݴʣд int.,intl.
Of, relating to, or involving two or more nations:
ʵģڡڻҵģ
an international commission; international affairs.
һίԱ᣻
Extending across or transcending national boundaries:
ԽģԽԽģ
international fame.

n.ʣ 
International
Any of several socialist organizations of international scope formed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
ʣ19ͺԼ20ͳγɵĶʷΧ֮֯һ
?
internationality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
internationally
adv.ʣ
?
international
in.ter.na.tion.al
AHD:[1ntr-n2sh-nl] 
D.J.[7!nt*6n#.*n*l]
K.K.[7!nt+6n#.*n*l]
adj.Abbr. int.,intl.ݴʣд int.,intl.
Of, relating to, or involving two or more nations:
ʵģڡڻҵģ
an international commission; international affairs.
һίԱ᣻
Extending across or transcending national boundaries:
ԽģԽԽģ
international fame.

n.ʣ 
International
Any of several socialist organizations of international scope formed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
ʣ19ͺԼ20ͳγɵĶʷΧ֮֯һ
?
internationality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
internationally
adv.ʣ

= =
interpret
in.ter.pret
AHD:[1n-t?rpr1t] 
D.J.[!n6tT8pr!t]
K.K.[!n6tPpr!t]
v.ʣ
in.ter.pret.ed,in.ter.pret.ing,in.ter.prets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To explain the meaning of:
˵͡˼
interpreted the ambassador's remarks.See Synonyms at explain 
ʹʹ۲μ explain
To conceive the significance of; construe:
⣺Ϊ⣺
interpreted his smile to be an agreement; interpreted the open door as an invitation.
΢Ц׿ϣĴΪ
To present or conceptualize the meaning of by means of art or criticism.
ڹ֣ͣ۵ķʽʹ
To translate orally.
룺ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To offer an explanation.

To serve as an interpreter for speakers of different languages.
룺˵ͬ˳䵱
?
Middle English interpreten 
йӢ interpreten 
from Old French interpreter 
Դ ŷ interpreter 
from Latin interpret3o} 
Դ  interpret3o} 
from interpres  interpret- [negotiator, explainer] * see  per- 5
Դ interpres  interpret- [̸ߣ] *μ per- 5
?
interpretability  
interpretableness
n.ʣ
interpretable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
interpretation
in.ter.pre.ta.tion
AHD:[1n-t?rpr1-t3shn] 
D.J.[!n7tT8pr!6te!.*n]
K.K.[!n7tPpr!6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of interpreting.
ͣ͵Ϊ
A result of interpreting.
ͣͽ
An explanation or a conceptualization by a critic of a work of literature, painting, music, or other art form; an exegesis.
עۼҶһѧƷ滭ֻʽĽͻע
A performer's distinctive personal version of a song, dance, piece of music, or role; a rendering.
һ߶һ׸衢赸һֻɫɫġ˵Ķӹ
?
interpretational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
interpreter
in.ter.pret.er
AHD:[1n-t?rpr1-tr] 
D.J.[!n6tT8pr!t*]
K.K.[!n6tPpr!t+]
n.Abbr. interp.ʣд interp.
One who translates orally from one language into another.
ߣͷһΪһԵ
One who gives or expounds an interpretation:
ߣ͵ˣ
An actor is an interpreter of other men's words, often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world(Alec Guinness)
Ա˻ĿԱͨһϣչʾԼ(ˡ˹)
Computer Science A program that translates an instruction into a machine language and executes it before proceeding to the next instruction.
ѧ ͳ򣺽ָΪԲִһָ֮ǰɴָĳ

= =
interrupt
in.ter.rupt
AHD:[1nt-r?pt] 
D.J.[7!nt*6rJpt]
K.K.[7!nt*6rJpt]
v.ʣ
in.ter.rupt.ed,in.ter.rupt.ing,in.ter.rupts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break the continuity or uniformity of:
ֹжϣơԻЭ
Rain interrupted our baseball game.
жǵ
To hinder or stop the action or discourse of (someone) by breaking in on:
ϣţͨͻȻ谭ֹͣĳ˵ģж̣
The baby interrupted me while I was on the phone.
ڴ绰ʱӤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break in on an action or discourse.
ϣͻȻĳж
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A signal to a computer that stops the execution of a running program so that another action can be performed.
ͣԼжϵǰгִһź
A circuit that conveys a signal stopping the execution of a running program.
жϣжϵǰгźŵĵ·
?
Middle English interrupten 
йӢ interrupten 
from Old French interrupte [interrupted] 
Դ ŷ interrupte [ϵ] 
from Latin interruptus [past participle of] interrumpere [to break off] 
Դ  interruptus  [] interrumpereĹȥִ [ж] 
inter- [inter-] 
inter- [ǰ׺ڡڡ] 
rumpere [to break] * see  reup- 
rumpere [] *μ reup- 
?
interruptible
adj.ݴʣ
interruption
n.ʣ
interruptive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
intersection
in.ter.sec.tion
AHD:[1ntr-skshn] 
D.J.[7!nt*6sek.*n]
K.K.[7!nt+6sWk.*n]
n.Abbr. int.ʣд int.
The act, process, or result of intersecting.
ϣΪ̻
also [1ntr-sk-] A place where things intersect, especially a place where two or more roads cross.
Ҳ [1ntr-sk-] ʮ·ڣｻĵطָ·Ľ㴦
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The point or locus of points where one line, surface, or solid crosses another.
ֱཻߡཻγɵĵĹ켣
A set that contains elements shared by two or more given sets.
һ򼸸֪ϹԪصļ

= =
interval
in.ter.val
AHD:[1ntr-vl] 
D.J.[6!nt*v*l]
K.K.[6!nt*v*l]
n.Abbr. int.ʣд int.
A space between two objects, points, or units.
϶塢㡢򹹼֮Ŀռ
The amount of time between two specified instants, events, or states.
ض˲䡢¼״̬֮ʱ
Mathematics A set of numbers consisting of all the numbers between a pair of given numbers.
ѧ 䣺һ֪֮ɵһ
Mathematics A set of numbers consisting of all the numbers between a pair of given numbers and including the endpoints.Also called  closed interval 
ѧ 䣺һ֪֮˵ɵһҲ  closed interval
Mathematics A set of numbers consisting of all the numbers between a pair of given numbers but not including the endpoints.Also called  open interval 
ѧ 䣺һ֪֮䲻˵ɵһҲ  open interval
Mathematics A line segment representing all the numbers between a pair of given numbers and including one, both, or neither of the endpoints.
ѧ Σһ֪֮һ˵㡢򲻰˵һֱ߶
Chiefly British An intermission, as between acts of a play.
Ӣ ĻϢϷĻ֮Ϣʱ
Music The difference in pitch between two tones.
֡ ̣֮ߵ
?
Middle English intervalle 
йӢ intervalle 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin intervallum 
Դ  intervallum 
inter- [inter-] 
inter- [ǰ׺ڡ֮䡱] 
vallum [rampart] 
vallum [ǽ] 
?
intervalic  
intervallic
AHD:[-v2l1k] ݴʣ

= =
intervene
in.ter.vene
AHD:[1ntr-v?n] 
D.J.[7!nt*6vi8n]
K.K.[7!nt+6vin]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
in.ter.vened,in.ter.ven.ing,in.ter.venes 
To come, appear, or lie between two things:
ڻλ֮䣺
You can't see the lake from there because the house intervenes.
Ƕ޷Ϊзӽ
To come or occur between two periods or points of time:
䣺ʱʱ֮䣺
A year intervened between the two dynasties.
֮һ
To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance:
ţΪһ޹صĻƻη
He would have his degree by now if his laziness hadn't intervened.
ŵĻѾѧλ
To come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action:
м谭ıһж
intervened to prevent a fight.
ͣԷֹ
To interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the affairs of another nation.
棺ͨвֶ
Law To enter into a suit as a third party for one's own interests.
ɡ μϣԼμ
?
Latin intervenoe 
 intervenoe 
inter- [inter-] 
inter- [ǰ׺ڡ֮䡱] 
venoe [to come] * see  g w3- 
venoe [] *μ g w3- 
?
intervenor  
intervener
n.ʣ
intervention
AHD:[-vnshn] ʣ
interventional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
interview
in.ter.view
AHD:[1ntr-vy?] 
D.J.[6!nt*7vju8]
K.K.[6!nt+7vju]
n.Abbr. int.ʣд int.
A formal meeting in person, especially one arranged for the assessment of the qualifications of an applicant.
ԣʽָΪʸŵĻ
A conversation, such as one conducted by a reporter, in which facts or statements are elicited from another.
̸̸ɼ߽еķ̸ɴ˴˴ʵ
An account or a reproduction of such a conversation.
ʼǣ̸ļ¼
Informal An interviewee:
ʽ ߣ
I had been warned that[he]  was a tough interviewthat he doled out flip answers . . . to questions he was tired of being asked (David Roberts)
ұ˵[] һǿܷߡΪᷳʵֻǿظʵĻش (ά޲)
v.ʣ
in.ter.viewed,in.ter.view.ing,in.ter.views 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain an interview from.
ԡԣһԻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have an interview:
ԣ
interviewed with a publishing company.
һ湫˾̸
?
French entrevue 
 entrevue 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] entrevoir [to see] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴentrevoirԹȥִ [] 
entre- [between]  from Latin inter- * see  inter- 
entre- [ڡ֮]  Դ  inter- *μ inter-
voir [to see]  from Latin vid?e * see  weid- 
voir []  Դ  vid?e *μ weid- 
?
interviewable
adj.ݴʣ
interviewee
n.ʣ
interviewer
n.ʣ

= =
intimate
intimate 1
AHD:[1nt-m1t] 
D.J.[6!nt*m!t]
K.K.[6!nt*m!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity.See Synonyms at familiar 
ܵģеʶϵϤΪ־Ĳμ familiar
Relating to or indicative of one's deepest nature:
˽µģĵģڻʾһʵģ
intimate prayers.
ĵĵ
Essential; innermost:
ʵģеģģ
the intimate structure of matter.
ʱʵĽṹ
Marked by informality and privacy:
ܵģʽģԷʽΪ־ģ
an intimate nightclub.
ҹܻ
Very personal; private:
˵ģ˽˵ģΪй˽˵ģ˽˵ģ
an intimate letter.
˽ż
Of or involved in a sexual relationship.
ͨģڻԹϵ
n.ʣ
A close friend or confidant.
ܵѻ֪
?
Latin intim3s [past participle of] intim3re [to make familiar with] * see  intimate 2
 intim3s  [] intim3reĹȥִ [롭Ϥ] *μ intimate2
?
intimately
adv.ʣ
intimateness
n.ʣ
?
intimate
intimate 2
AHD:[1nt-m3t] 
D.J.[6!nt*7me!t]
K.K.[6!nt*7met]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.ti.mat.ed,in.ti.mat.ing,in.ti.mates 
To make known subtly and indirectly; hint.See Synonyms at suggest 
ʾʹĵزҼӵ֪ʾμ suggest
To announce; proclaim.
ͨ
?
Latin intim3e  intim3t- [to make known] 
 intim3e  intim3t- [ʹ֪] 
from intimus [innermost] * see  en 
Դ intimus [] *μ en 
?
intimater
n.ʣ
intimation
n.ʣ

= =
intimidate
in.tim.i.date
AHD:[1n-t1m1-d3t] 
D.J.[!n6t!m!7de!t]
K.K.[!n6t!m!7det]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.tim.i.dat.ed,in.tim.i.dat.ing,in.tim.i.dates 
To make timid; fill with fear.
ţʹӣʹ
To coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats.
вͨввǿƻֹ
?
Medieval Latin intimid3e  intimid3t- 
 intimid3e  intimid3t- 
Latin in- [in, into] * see  in- 2
 in- [ڣ] *μ in-2
Medieval Latin timid3e [to be timorous, to frighten]  from Latin timidus [timid] * see  timid 
 timid3e [ӣŻ]  Դ  timidus [ų] *μ timid
?
intimidatingly
adv.ʣ
intimidation
n.ʣ
intimidator
n.ʣ
?
intimidate,browbeat,bulldoze,cow,bully,bludgeon
These verbs all mean to frighten into submission, compliance, or acquiescence.
ЩʶʾͨŻʹ˳ӻĬϡ
 Intimidate  implies the presence or operation of a fear-inspiring force that compels one to or keeps one from action: 
 Intimidate  ָʹжʹ˲ж˺µĴڻУ 
felt intimidated by his opponent's power and prestige.
ΪֵȨŵ
It [atomic energy] may intimidate the human race into bringing order into its international affairs, which, without the pressure of fear, it would not do  (Albert Einstein).
ԭܡ вش񣬶ûп־ѹ£ǲʵֵġ  ء˹̹
 Browbeat  suggests the persistent application of highhanded, disdainful, or imperious tactics: 
 Browbet  ָϵøѹġĻĲԣ 
refused to be browbeaten and insulted;
ܾѶ裻
browbeating a witness.
Ŀߡ
Bulldoze  connotes the leveling of all spirit of opposition, as through the use of threats: 
Bulldoze  ָͨʹвֶεежԵ̬ȣ 
couldn't be bulldozed into hiring a less than acceptable candidate for the job.
Ϊвһ̫ĺѡݹ
Cow  implies treatment that brings about an abject state of timorousness and often demoralization: 
Cow  ʾη岢ͨйĶԴ 
submissive children can be cowed by a look of disapproval. Tobully is to intimidate through blustering, domineering, or threatening behavior:  
ΨΨŵŵĺӻᱻѵĿŵ bully ָԿŵġʢ˵Ļвľֹţ  
The strikers were bullied into dropping their demands.
չ߱ȷǵҪ
Bludgeon  suggests the use of grossly aggressive or combative methods: 
Bludgeon  ʾʹôƵĻöֶΣ 
had to be bludgeoned into fulfilling his responsibilities. See also Synonyms at  threaten 
ȶ μͬ threaten

= =
into
in.to
AHD:[1nt?] 
D.J.[6!ntu8]
K.K.[6!ntu]
prep.ʣ
To the inside or interior of:
棺ڲ
went into the house.
߽
To the activity or occupation of:
£ĻְҵУ
recent college graduates who go into banking.
½ҵӦѧҵ
To the condition, state, or form of:
תΪ״̬ʽУ
dishes breaking into pieces; changed into a butterfly.
ˤƬɱɺ
So as to be in or be included in:
룺Աڡ򱻰ڡ棺
parties entering into an agreement; wrote a new character into the play.
ЭĵɣϷмһ½ɫ
Informal Interested in or involved with:
ʽ ȤԡȤĻ롭ģ
They are into vegetarianism.
ǶʳȤ
To a point within the limits of a period of time or extent of space:
ﵽһʱһռ֮ĳ̶ȣ
well into the week.
һΪ
In the direction of; toward:
ڡ
looked into the distance; pointed into the sky.
Զָ
Against:
ڣ
crashed into a tree.
ײ
As a divisor of:
Ϊĳ
The number 3 goes into 9 three times.
933

= =
intricate
in.tri.cate
AHD:[1ntr1-k1t] 
D.J.[6!ntr!k!t]
K.K.[6!ntr!k!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate.See Synonyms at elaborate 
۸ӵģиӵĳɷݵģӾϸĲμ elaborate
Solvable or comprehensible only with painstaking effort.See Synonyms at complex 
ģֻо̿ŬܽĲμ complex
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin intro3tus} [past participle of] introc3re [to entangle, perplex] 
Դ  intro3tus}  [] introc3reĹȥִ [壬ʹѽ] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
troe [perplexities, wiles] 
troe [״̬] 
?
intricately
adv.ʣ
intricateness
n.ʣ

= =
intrigue
in.trigue
AHD:[1ntr?g, 1n-tr?g] 
D.J.[6!n7tri8g, !n6tri8g]
K.K.[6!n7trig, !n6trig]
n.ʣ
A secret or underhand scheme; a plot.
ııܵĻ򲻹ʵļƻı
The practice of or involvement in such schemes.See Synonyms at conspiracy 
ıĽУƻʵлƻμ conspiracy
A clandestine love affair.
˽ͨ飺˽µ¼
v.ʣ
in.trigued,in.trigu.ing,in.trigues[1n-tr?g]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot.
ˣıͼıμܵĻ򲻹ʵļƻʩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To effect by secret scheming or plotting.
ıԴɣͨܵļƻıȡ
To arouse the interest or curiosity of:
𡭵Ȥģ
Hibernation has long intrigued biologists.
߳һֱѧҵȤ
?
Probably from French intriguer [to plot] 
Դ  intriguer [ı] 
from Italian intrigare [to plot] 
Դ  intrigare [ı] 
from Latin intro3re} [to entangle] * see  intricate 
Դ  intro3re} [] *μ intricate
?
intriguer
n.ʣ
intriguingly
adv.ʣ
?
The introduction of the verbintrigue  to mean to arouse the interest or curiosity of was initially resisted by writerson usage as an unneeded French substitute for available English 
words such asinterest, fascinate,  or puzzle,  but it now appears to be well established.Seventy-eight percent of the Usage Panel accepts it in the sentenceThe special-quota idea 
intrigues some legislators, who have asked a Washington think tank to evaluate it,  whereas only 52 percent accepted it in a 1968 survey.
Ϊ𡭵ȤġĶintrigue 룬 ⵽ǵĵƣΪ÷ûбҪ÷ʴֳɵӢʻ㣬interestfascinate  puzzle  
ѾձϿɡ÷רСٷ֮ʮ˵ĳԱͬھһЩߣҪʢŶԴ˽ У 1986ĵ
ֻаٷ֮ʮͬ

= =
intrinsic
in.trin.sic
AHD:[1n-tr1nz1k, -s1k] 
D.J.[!n6tr!nz!k, -s!k]
K.K.[!n6tr!nz!k, -s!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent.
ʵģڻıģе
Anatomy Situated within or belonging solely to the organ or body part on which it acts. Used of certain nerves and muscles.
ѧ ڲģλڻֻٻ岿ֵġָ񾭺ͼ
?
Middle English intrinsique [inner] 
йӢ intrinsique [ڵ] 
from Old French intrinseque 
Դ ŷ intrinseque 
from Late Latin intros [inward] 
Դ  intros [] 
from Latin [inwardly] * see  en 
Դ  [ڲ] *μ en 
?
intrinsically
adv.ʣ

= =
introduce
in.tro.duce
AHD:[1ntr-d?s, -dy?s] 
D.J.[7!ntr*6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[7!ntr*6dus, -6djus]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.tro.duced,in.tro.duc.ing,in.tro.duc.es 
To present (someone) by name to another in order to establish an acquaintance.
ܣĳˣֽܸԱ໥Ϥ
To present (a performer, for example) to the public for the first time.
ƼһڹǰܣԱ
To bring forward (a plan, for example) for consideration.
磬ƻԹο
To provide (someone) with a beginning knowledge or first experience of something:
ʹϤ죺ṩĳˣĳĳʶξ
introduced me to weightlifting.
ʶ
To bring in and establish in a new place or environment:
룺벢µط»õϣ
exotic plants that had been introduced from the jungle.
Ӵֲ
To bring into currency, use, or practice; originate:
Уᳫ뵽ͨʹûУ
introduced the new product in several test markets; introduced the tango into their circle of friends.
ᳫ²ƷǵȦ̽
To put inside or into; insert or inject.
룬룺ڡڲע
To open or begin; preface:
ʹʼ򿪻ʼΪĿͷ
introduced the slide show with an orienting talk.
ڻõƷӳǰȽһ
?
Middle English introducen [to bring into] 
йӢ introducen [] 
from Latin intr??cere} 
Դ  intr??cere} 
intr?- [within] * see  en 
intr?- [ڡ] *μ en 
d?e [to lead] * see  deuk- 
d?e [] *μ deuk- 
?
introducer
n.ʣ
introducible
adj.ݴʣ
?
introduce,insert,interject,interlard,interpolate,interpose
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to put or set a person or thing into, between, or among others: 
Ще˼ǡû˻˻֮ڡ֮֮С 
introduce suspense into a novel;
С˵
insert a letter into an envelope;
ŷ⣻
interject a comment into a conversation;
̸вۣ
interlarded her thesis with Latin expressions;
мĴ飻
interpolated a transitional passage into the text;
ڿмɶ䣻
interposed himself between the scrapping boys. See also Synonyms at  broach 1
뵽ܵкȥ μͬ broach1

= =
introduction
in.tro.duc.tion
AHD:[1ntr-d?kshn] 
D.J.[7!ntr*6dJk.*n]
K.K.[7!ntr*6dJk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of introducing or the state of being introduced.
ܣܵĶ̻Ǳʱ״̬
A means, such as a personal letter, of presenting one person to another.
ܷʽһ˽ܸһ˵ķͨ˽ż
Something recently introduced; an innovation:
õĶձĶ 
He loathed a fork; it is a modern introduction which has still scarcely reached common people(D.H. Lawrence)
ӣһȻʹִþߡ(D.H.˹)
Something spoken, written, or otherwise presented in beginning or introducing something, especially:
ԣڿʼĳʱ˵ġдĻĶָ
A preface, as to a book.

Music A short preliminary movement in a larger work.
֡ ƷеĶСʼ
A basic introductory text or course of study.
ۣԵĽ»о
?
Middle English introduccioun 
йӢ introduccioun 
from Old French introduction 
Դ ŷ introduction 
from Latin intr??}  intr?ducti?n- 
Դ  intr??}  intr?ducti?n- 
from intr?s [past participle of] intr?d?cere [to bring in] * see  introduce 
Դ intr?s  [] intr?d?cereĹȥִ [] *μ introduce

= =
intuition
in.tu.i.tion
AHD:[1nt?-1shn, -ty?-] 
D.J.[7!ntu86!.*n, -tju8-]
K.K.[7!ntu6!.*n, -tju-]
n.ʣ
The act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes; immediate cognition.See Synonyms at reason 
ֱδԵ֤̱֪оΪֱӵĸоμ reason
Knowledge gained by the use of this faculty; a perceptive insight.
ֱ֪õ֪ʶĶ
A sense of something not evident or deducible; an impression.
ֱԲԻ򲻿ƶϵĸоӡ
?
Middle English intuicioun [insight] 
йӢ intuicioun [] 
from Late Latin intuiti?}  intuiti?n- [a looking at] 
Դ  intuiti?}  intuiti?n- [] 
from Latin intuitus [a look] [from past participle of] intu?ro [to look at, contemplate] 
Դ  intuitus []  [] Դintu?roĹȥִ [˼] 
in- [on] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ֮] *μ in-2
tu?o} [to look at] 
tu?o} [] 
?
intuitional
adj.ݴʣ
intuitionally
adv.ʣ

= =
invade
in.vade
AHD:[1n-v3d] 
D.J.[!n6ve!d]
K.K.[!n6ved]
v.ʣ
in.vad.ed,in.vad.ing,in.vades 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enter by force in order to conquer or pillage.
ԣԱӶ
To encroach or intrude on; violate:
ֺռ룻ַ
The principal of the trusts could not be invaded without trustee approval(Barbara Goldsmith)
δͬ⣬еԭ򲻱ַ(Űʷ˹)
To overrun as if by invading; infest:
룺Ƶĺڣûڣ
About 1917 the shipworm invaded the harbor of San Francisco(Rachel Carson)
Լ1917䴬Ϯ˾ɽɽۡ(жɭ)
To enter and permeate, especially harmfully.
磺벢͸ ָк
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an invasion:
ԣ
The X-rays showed that the cancer, which had invaded deeply into the chest cavity, was retreating(Zach Rosen)
XƬʾǻİϸ˵ļ(桤ɭ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French invader 
Դ ŷ invader 
from Latin inv3e 
Դ  inv3e 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
v3e [to go] 
v3e [] 
?
invader
n.ʣ

= =
invalid
invalid 1
AHD:[1nv-l1d] 
D.J.[6!nv*l!d]
K.K.[6!nv*l!d]
n.ʣ
One who is incapacitated by a chronic illness or disability.
ˣԲм
adj.ݴʣ
Incapacitated by illness or injury.
вģɼ˲ɵ
Of, relating to, or intended for invalids.
õģڡڡΪ˴
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.va.lid.ed,in.va.lid.ing,in.va.lids 
To incapacitate physically.
ʹʹ
Chiefly British To release or exempt from duty because of ill health:
Ӣ ʹۣΪ岻ýΣ
I was not quite sick enough to be invalided out, even though I was of no more use(Mary Lee Settle)
ʹҲôص()
?
From invalid 2 influenced by French invalide [sickly, infirm]  from Latin invalidus 
Դ invalid2   invalideӰ [вģ]  Դ  invalidus 
?
invalid
invalid 2
AHD:[1n-v2l1d] 
D.J.[!n6v#l!d]
K.K.[!n6v#l!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Not legally or factually valid; null:
ЧģϻʵЧģģ
an invalid license.
ϵִ
Falsely based or reasoned; faulty:
Чģݻģдģ
an invalid argument.
ı
?
Latin invalidus [weak] 
 invalidus [] 
in- [not] * see  in- 1
in- [] *μ in-1
validus [strong]  from val?e [to be strong] * see  wal- 
validus [ǿ]  Դ val?e [ǿ] *μ wal- 
?
invalidity
AHD:[-v-l1d1-t?] ʣ
invalidly
adv.ʣ

= =
invaluable
in.val.u.a.ble
AHD:[1n-v2ly?--bl] 
D.J.[!n6v#lju8*b*l]
K.K.[!n6v#lju*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of inestimable value; priceless:
ǳģ޷Ƶļֵģ޼۵ģ
invaluable paintings; invaluable help.See Synonyms at costly 
ǧĻ滭Ʒ޴İμ costly
?
invaluableness
n.ʣ
invaluably
adv.ʣ

= =
invasion
in.va.sion
AHD:[1n-v3zhn] 
D.J.[!n6ve!9*n]
K.K.[!n6ve9*n]
n.ʣ
The act of invading, especially the entrance of an armed force into a territory to conquer.
֣ԵĶָװΪ
A large-scale onset of something injurious or harmful, such as a disease.
Ϯ˵ĻкĶ缲ģϮ
An intrusion or encroachment.
ռַ
?
Middle English invasioun 
йӢ invasioun 
from Old French invasion 
Դ ŷ invasion 
from Late Latin inv3?}  inv3si?n- 
Դ  inv3?}  inv3si?n- 
from inv3s [past participle of] inv3dere [to invade] * see  invade 
Դ inv3s  [] inv3dereĹȥִ [] *μ invade

= =
invent
in.vent
AHD:[1n-vnt] 
D.J.[!n6vent]
K.K.[!n6vWnt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.vent.ed,in.vent.ing,in.vents 
To produce or contrive (something previously unknown) by the use of ingenuity or imagination.
ıƣǰδ֪Ķ
To make up; fabricate:
죻鹹
invent a likely excuse.
Ľ
?
Latin invenoe  invent- [to find] 
 invenoe  invent- [] 
in- [on, upon] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ֮] *μ in-2
venoe [to come] * see  g w3- 
venoe [] *μ g w3- 
?
inventible
adj.ݴʣ
inventor
n.ʣ

= =
invention
in.ven.tion
AHD:[1n-vnshn] 
D.J.[!n6ven.*n]
K.K.[!n6vWn.*n]
n.Abbr. inv.ʣд inv.
The act or process of inventing:
Ķ̣
used a technique of her own invention.
Լļ
A new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation:
оԼʵзչµ̣
the phonograph, an invention attributed to Thomas Edison.
˹ķ
A mental fabrication, especially a falsehood.
죺Ķָ
Skill in inventing; inventiveness:
ܣڷļɣԣ
the invention and sweep of the staging(John Simon)
̨ݳĴºʹĸ(Լ)
Music A short composition developing a single theme contrapuntally.
֡ λһһĶС
A discovery; a finding.
֣ҵ
?
Middle English invencioun [scheme, plan] 
йӢ invencioun [滮ƻ] 
from Old French invencion [a finding out] 
Դ ŷ invencion [ҳ] 
from Latin inventi?}  inventi?n- [inventiveness] 
Դ  inventi?}  inventi?n- [] 
from inventus [past participle of] invenore [to find] * see  invent 
Դ inventus  [] invenoreĹȥִ [ҵ] *μ invent
?
inventional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
inventory
in.ven.to.ry
AHD:[1nvn-t?r?, -t?r?] 
D.J.[6!nv*n7t%8ri8, -7t*&ri8]
K.K.[6!nv*n7t%ri, -7tori]
n.ʣ
 in.ven.to.ries 
A detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock.
ƲĿ¼˲ƲƷϸġ¼Ŀ¼¼ָȫͲĽ׶Եͳ
The process of making such a list, report, or record.
ƲĿ¼ıƣĿ¼¼ıƹ
The items listed in such a report or record.
嵥ڴ౨¼е
The quantity of goods and materials on hand; stock.
ֵͷϻͲϵ
An evaluation or a survey, as of abilities, assets, or resources.
飺ʲԴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.ven.to.ried,in.ven.to.ry.ing,in.ven.to.ries 
To make an itemized report or record of.
Ŀơ¼ı¼
To include in an itemized report or record.
̴棺¼ı¼
?
Middle English inventorie 
йӢ inventorie 
from Medieval Latin invent?m 
Դ  invent?m 
alteration of Late Latin invent3m 
  invent3 
from Latin inventus [past participle of] invenore [to find] * see  invent 
Դ  inventus  [] invenoreĹȥִ [ҵ] *μ invent
?
inventorial
adj.ݴʣ
inventorially
adv.ʣ

= =
invert
in.vert
AHD:[1n-v?rt] 
D.J.[!n6vT8t]
K.K.[!n6vPt]
v.ʣ
in.vert.ed,in.vert.ing,in.verts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To turn inside out or upside down:
ʹߵʹⷴµߵ
invert an hourglass.
ʹɳ©ߵ
To reverse the position, order, or condition of:
ʹתʹλáת
invert the subject and predicate of a sentence.
ߵν
To subject to inversion.See Synonyms at reverse 
ʹߵʹܵòμ reverse
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be subjected to inversion.
ߵ׵ߵ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1nv?rt] 
Something inverted.
ת
Psychology 
ѧ 
One who takes on the gender role of the opposite sex.
ߣԽɫ
Used as a term for a homosexual person.
ͬߣָͬߵ
?
Latin invertere 
 invertere 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
invertible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
invest
in.vest
AHD:[1n-vst] 
D.J.[!n6vest]
K.K.[!n6vWst]
v.ʣ
in.vest.ed,in.vest.ing,in.vests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To commit (money or capital) in order to gain a financial return:
ͶʣǮʽԻýǮϵĻر
invested their savings in stocks and bonds.
ǽͶڹƱծȯ
To spend or devote for future advantage or benefit:
ķѣѻĺô棺
invested much time and energy in getting a good education.
ʱ;õĽ
To devote morally or psychologically, as to a purpose; commit:
Ͷ룺ΪĳһĿڵ»ķףڣ
Men of our generation are invested in what theydo,  women in what we are  (Shana Alexander)
һǶͶעҵ ŮͶעڽԼ ɫ  (ɯɡɽ)
To endow with authority or power.
裺ȨȨ
To install in office with ceremony:
ʹְʽʹʽְ
invest a new emperor.
ǻ
To endow with an enveloping or pervasive quality:
ʹһֻ򵽴ԣ
A charm invests a face/Imperfectly beheld(Emily Dickinson)
˵Ĳ桱(Ҹ)
To clothe; adorn.
£װ
To cover completely; envelop.
ǣȫס
To surround with troops or ships; besiege.See Synonyms at besiege 
ΧòӻֻΧסΧμ besiege
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make investments or an investment:
ͶʣмһͶʣ
invest in real estate.
Ͷڷز
?
From Italian investire 
Դ  investire 
and from French investir 
Դ  investir 
both from Latin investoe [to clothe, surround] 
Դ  investoe [£Χ] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
vestoe [to clothe]  from vestis [clothes] * see  wes- 2
vestoe []  Դ vestis [·] *μ wes- 2
?
investable
adj.ݴʣ
investor
n.ʣ

= =
investigate
in.ves.ti.gate
AHD:[1n-vst1-g3t] 
D.J.[!n6vest!7ge!t]
K.K.[!n6vWst!7get]
v.ʣ
in.ves.ti.gat.ed,in.ves.ti.gat.ing,in.ves.ti.gates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically.
飺ϸع۲ѯϵͳؼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a detailed inquiry or systematic examination.
飺ϸĲʻϵͳļ
?
Latin investo3re}  investog3t- 
 investo3re}  investog3t- 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
vesto3re} [to track]  from vestom [footprint] 
vesto3re} [׷]  Դ vestom [㼣] 
?
investigable
AHD:[-g-bl] ݴʣ
investigatory
AHD:[-g-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
investigation
in.ves.ti.ga.tion
AHD:[1n-vst1-g3shn] 
D.J.[!n7vest!6ge!.*n]
K.K.[!n7vWst!6ge.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of investigating.
飺Ķ
A detailed inquiry or systematic examination.See Synonyms at inquiry 
оϸĲʻϵͳļμ inquiry
?
investigational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
investment
in.vest.ment
AHD:[1n-vstmnt] 
D.J.[!n6vestm*nt]
K.K.[!n6vWstm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of investing.
ͶʣͶΪ
An amount invested.
ͶʶͶʵ
Property or another possession acquired for future financial return or benefit.
ʱԽǮرĲƲ
A commitment, as of time or support.
Ͷ룺ʱͶ
A military siege.
Χ·
Archaic 
 
A garment; a vestment.
·
An outer covering or layer.
ⲿĸ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
investment analysis; investment dollars.
ͶʷͶԪ

= =
invisible
in.vis.i.ble
AHD:[1n-v1z-bl] 
D.J.[!n6v!z*b*l]
K.K.[!n6v!z*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Impossible to see; not visible:
ģ޷ģģ
invisible writing.
ıʼ
Not accessible to view; hidden:
ģΪģģ
mountain peaks invisible in the fog.
еɽ
Not easily noticed or detected; inconspicuous:
˵ģע⵽ģעĿģ
The poor are politically invisible(Michael Harrington)
ϵä㡱(˶ֶ)
Not published in financial statements:
εģδڲϵģ
an invisible asset.
δʲ
n.ʣ
One that is invisible.
ߣ
?
invisibility  
invisibleness
n.ʣ
invisibly
adv.ʣ

= =
invitation
in.vi.ta.tion
AHD:[1nv1-t3shn] 
D.J.[7!nv!6te!.*n]
K.K.[7!nv!6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of inviting.
룺Ϊ
A spoken or written request for someone's presence or participation.
룺ĳ˳ϯμӵĿͷ
An allurement, enticement, or attraction.
ջջ
Chiefly Southern U.S. See  altar call 
ϲ μ  altar call

= =
invite
in.vite
AHD:[1n-vot] 
D.J.[!n6va!t]
K.K.[!n6va!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.vit.ed,in.vit.ing,in.vites 
To ask for the presence or participation of:
룺ϯ룺
invite friends to dinner; invite writers to a conference.
ѳԷҳϯһ
To request formally:
ʽ룺ʽ
invited us to be seated.
Ǿ
To welcome; encourage:
ӭ
invite questions from the audience.
ӭ
To tend to bring on; provoke:
£
Divisions at home would invite dangers from abroad(John Jay)
ڧ⻼(Լ)
To entice; tempt.
ʹ
n.ʣ
AHD:[1nvot] ʽ 
An invitation.

?
French inviter 
 inviter 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin invo3re} 
Դ  invo3re} 

= =
involve
in.volve
AHD:[1n-v?lv] 
D.J.[!n6vKlv]
K.K.[!n6v$lv]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
in.volved,in.volv.ing,in.volves 
To contain as a part; include.
УСΪһ
To have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail:
棬ͬΪɫӰӵУ棺
was told that the job would involve travel.See Synonyms at include 
֪ǷݹҪμ include
To engage as a participant; embroil:
ʹǣ棬룺ʹĳ˾ʹ룺
involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police.
Թǣ뾯ִ
To connect closely and often incriminatingly; implicate:
йǣֱ͡йأָʹĳ˵ǣ
evidence that involved the governor in the scandal.
ݳǣŵ֤
To influence or affect:
Ӱ죺Ӱԡã
The matter is serious because it involves your reputation.
ºأΪӰ쵽
To occupy or engage the interest of:
лȤ
a story that completely involved me for the rest of the evening.
һµʱȫеĹ
To make complex or intricate; complicate.
ʹӣʹ۸ӣѡӻ
To wrap; envelop:
Χס
a castle that was involved in mist.
еĳǱ
Archaic To wind or coil about.
 Χƻ
?
Middle English involven 
йӢ involven 
from Latin involvere [to enwrap] 
Դ  involvere [] 
in- [in] * see  in- 2
in- [ڡ] *μ in-2
volvere [to roll, turn] * see  wel- 2
volvere [ת] *μ wel- 2
?
involvement
n.ʣ
involver
n.ʣ

= =
inward
in.ward
AHD:[1nwrd] 
D.J.[6!nw*d]
K.K.[6!nw*d]
adj.ݴʣ
Located inside; inner.
ڲģڲģ
Directed or moving toward the interior:
ģĻ˶ģ
an inward flow.
ڵˮ
Of, relating to, or existing in the thoughts or mind:
ĵģ˼Ļģйػ˼ģ
inward doubts.
ĵ
Intimate; familiar:
ܵģϤģ
is inward with the right people.
Ͷõ˹
adv.ʣ
Toward the inside, center, or interior.
棬ģڲ
Toward the mind or the self:
˼ϣУ
thoughts turned inward.
뷨
n.ʣ
An inner or a central part.
ڲĲֻĲ
An inner essence or spirit.
ںıʻ
inwards Entrails; innards.
 inwards ࣻθ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English inweard * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ inweard *μ wer- 2
?
inwards
adv.ʣ

= =
iron
i.ron
AHD:[orn] 
D.J.[6a!*n]
K.K.[6a!*n]
n.ʣ
Symbol Fe A silvery-white, lustrous, malleable, ductile, magnetic or magnetizable, metallic element occurring abundantly in combined forms, notably in hematite, limonite, magnetite, 
and taconite, and used alloyed in a wide range of important structural materials. Atomic number 26; atomic weight 55.847; melting point 1,535=C; boiling point 2,750=C; specific gravity 
7.874 (at 20=C); valence 2, 3, 4, 6.See table at element 
 Fe һɫġйԡչдԻɱŻĽԻʽڣҪг󡢺󡢴ͽңҪṹ
һ֡ԭ26ԭ55.847۵1,535=Cе2,750=C7.87420=Cʱ2346μ element
An implement made of iron alloy or similar metal, especially a bar heated for use in branding, curling hair, or cauterizing.
ƹߣϽƽĹߣָӡƵıȹ
Great hardness or strength; firmness:
ǿ׳ǿܸߵӲȻǿᶨ
a will of iron.
ǿ־
Sports A golf club with a metal head, numbered from one to nine in order of increasing loft.
˶ ͷ߶õͷбǶȵӱΪ19
A metal appliance with a handle and a weighted flat bottom, used when heated to press wrinkles from fabric.
ٶаֺͳƽ׵ĽߣȺѹƽ֯ϵޱ
A harpoon.
õ
irons Fetters; shackles.
 irons 
A tonic, pill, or other medication containing iron and taken as a dietary supplement.
ʣʲҩҩˮҩƬҩƷΪһʳ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of or containing iron:
ƵĻģ
iron bars; an iron alloy.
Ͻ
Very hard and strong:
ǿģǿģ
an iron fist.
ȭ
Hardy; robust:
׳ģȫģ
an iron constitution.
ǿ
Inflexible; unyielding:
òģģ
iron resolve.
ɶҡľ
v.ʣ
i.roned,i.ron.ing,i.rons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To press and smooth with a heated iron:
̣üȵٶѹƽ
iron clothes.
·
To remove (creases) by pressing.
ѹȥ壩
To put into irons; fetter.
ס
To fit or clad with iron.
װ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To iron clothes.
·
?
iron out
To settle through discussion or compromise; work out.
ͨۻЭ
?
iron in the fire
An undertaking or project in progress:
ڽеĿ
has many irons in the fire this year.
Ҫ
?
Middle English iren 
йӢ iren 
from Old English on * see  eis- 
Դ Ӣ on *μ eis- 

= =
irony
i.ro.ny
AHD:[or-n?, or-] 
D.J.[6a!*r*ni8, 6a!*-]
K.K.[6a!r*ni, 6a!*-]
n.ʣ
 i.ro.nies 
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning.
ôǵ˼෴÷
An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning.
䣺Ա溬ʵʺ庬෴Ϊı
A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect.See Synonyms at wit 1
һѧʹԱԴﵽĬ޴ǵЧμ wit1
Incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs:
ζܱʵʷĲһ£
Hyde noted the irony of Ireland's copying the nation she most hated(Richard Kain)
ע⵽˰ģ޵Ĺķζ(¡)
An occurrence, a result, or a circumstance notable for such incongruity.See Usage Note at ironic 
зζ£Ȼһֲһµ¼βμ ironic
Dramatic irony.
ϷԷ
Socratic irony.
֪ոʽ֪
?
French ironie 
 ironie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin o?noa} 
Դ  o?noa} 
from Greek eir?a [feigned ignorance] 
Դ ϣ eir?a [װ֪] 
from eir?n [dissembler] 
Դ eir?n [α] 
probably from eirein [to say] * see  wer- 5
Դ eirein [˵] *μ wer- 5

= =
irregular
ir.reg.u.lar
AHD:[1-rgy-lr] 
D.J.[!6regj*l*]
K.K.[!6rWgj*l+]
adj.Abbr. irreg.ݴʣд irreg.
Contrary to rule, accepted order, or general practice:
Ϲģ뷨桢ȶϰ౳ģ
irregular hiring practices.
淶ĹӶ
Not conforming to legality, moral law, or social convention:
ģΥģϷɡ׼ϰߵģ
an irregular marriage.
ϷĻ
Not straight, uniform, or symmetrical:
ģ쳣ģġͳһĻ򲻶ԳƵģ
irregular facial features.

Of uneven rate, occurrence, or duration:
ȶģ޹ɵģƵʡֻʱ䲻ȶģ
an irregular heartbeat.
ɲ
Deviating from a type; atypical.
һ͵ģǵ͵
Botany Having differing floral parts, as of a zygomorphic or asymmetrical flower.
ֲѧ ģɲģԳƻ򲻶ԳƵĻ
Falling below the manufacturer's standard or usual specifications; imperfect.
ģߵı׼ͨҪ֮µģ
Grammar Departing from the usual pattern of inflection, derivation, or word formation, as the present forms of the verbbe  or the plural noun children.  
﷨ ģεġĻ򹹴ʵͨʽģ綯be ʱʽ children  
Not belonging to a permanent, organized military force:
ģõģ֯ľӵģ
irregular troops.

n.ʣ
One, such as an item of merchandise, that is irregular.
ϸƷƷһĶƷ
A soldier, such as a guerrilla, who is not a member of a regular military force.
ӳԱʿλӶԱ
?
irregularly
adv.ʣ

= =
irrespective
ir.re.spec.tive
AHD:[1r1-spkt1v] 
D.J.[7!r!6spekt!v]
K.K.[7!r!6spWkt!v]
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Characterized by disregard; heedless.
ӵģĵ
?
irrespectively
adv.ʣ

= =
irritate
ir.ri.tate
AHD:[1r1-t3t] 
D.J.[6!r!7te!t]
K.K.[6!r!7tet]
v.ʣ
ir.ri.tat.ed,ir.ri.tat.ing,ir.ri.tates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rouse to impatience or anger; annoy:
ŭͷŭʹպޣ
a loud bossy voice that irritates listeners.See Synonyms at annoy 
ջһִרμ annoy
To chafe or inflame.
ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be a cause of impatience or anger.
ʹ꣺Ϊ²ͷŭԭ
?
Latin irro3re}  irrit3t- 
 irro3re}  irrit3t- 
?
irritatingly
adv.ʣ
irritator
n.ʣ

= =
island
is.land
AHD:[olnd] 
D.J.[6a!l*nd]
K.K.[6a!l*nd]
n.ʣ
Abbr. is.,i.,Is.,I.,isl.A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water.
д is.,i.,Is.,I.,isl.죺һƬ½أָȴСȫˮƵ½
Something resembling an island, especially in being isolated or surrounded:
壺رǱΧ
a counter forming an island in the middle of the kitchen; islands of people living on the empty prairie.
ڳγһСĮ̇ڿտĲԭϵǵȺ
The superstructure, as of an aircraft carrier.
мװϲ㽨ϲ㽨һҺĸļװϲ㽨
Anatomy A cluster of cells differing in structure or function from the cells constituting the surrounding tissue.
ѧ ȵڽṹϲͬڹΧ֯ϸһϸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
is.land.ed,is.land.ing,is.lands 
To make into or as if into an island; insulate:
룺ʹΪ·Ϊһ룺
a secluded mansion, islanded by shrubbery and fences.
ùľԺʸһĶĴլ
?
Alteration  influenced by isle 
   isleӰ
of Middle English ilond 
 йӢ ilondı仯 
from Old English od 
Դ Ӣ od ooeg} * see  ak w-3- ooeg} *μ ak w-3- 
land [land] * see  lendh- 
land [] *μ lendh- 

= =
isolate
i.so.late
AHD:[os-l3t] 
D.J.[6a!s*7le!t]
K.K.[6a!s*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
i.so.lat.ed,i.so.lat.ing,i.so.lates 
To set apart or cut off from others.
ֿϣѡֿ
To place in quarantine.

Chemistry To separate (a substance) out of a combined mixture.
ѧ ֽ⣬һʣһֻз
To render free of external influence; insulate.
룬ԵʹӰ죻
Microbiology To separate (a pure strain) from a mixed bacterial or fungal culture.
΢ѧ ʹϸ룺ӻϵϸзһƷ֣
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-l1t, -l3t] 
Solitary; alone.
Եģ
n.ʣ
Microbiology A bacterial or fungal strain that has been isolated.
΢ѧ ѱһϸƷ
?
Back-formation from isolated 
Դ isolated湹
?
isolator
n.ʣ
?
isolate,insulate,seclude,segregate,sequester
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to separate from others: 
Щеĺ˼ǡз 
a mountain village that is isolated from all other communities;
ľ۾ϵɽ壻
trying to insulate herself from the chaos surrounding her;
ԼΧĻҸ
a famous actor who was secluded from public scrutiny;
ܹԱ
characteristics that segregate leaders from followers;
ʹ׷ֿص㣻
sequestering a jury during its deliberations. 
ʱ 

= =
issue
is.sue
AHD:[1sh?] 
D.J.[6!.u8]
K.K.[6!.u]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of flowing, passing, or giving out.
ųͨųΪ״̬
The act of circulating, distributing, or publishing by an office or official group:
УӡУĳٷ֯ͨӡˢΪ
government issue of new bonds.
е¹ծ
Something produced, published, or offered, as:
棬Уӡˢ򹩸Ʒ
An item or set of items, as stamps or coins, made available at one time by an office or bureau.
׷УһϸĿһϸĿƱͻҵķУͨɲĳһʱڹ涨Ч
A single copy of a periodical:
ڿĵб
the March issue of the magazine.
Ȿڿĵ
A distinct set of copies of an edition of a book distinguished from others of that edition by variations in the printed matter.
ؿؼһӡˢϲͬ汾һİ汾
A final result or conclusion, as a solution to a problem.
飺սۻĽ취
Proceeds from estates or fines.
棺ӷز򷣽еõ
Something proceeding from a specified source:
ʼĩԴõĶ
suspicions that were the issue of a deranged mind.
ҵĵĸԴ
Offspring; progeny:
ã
died without issue.
ʱ
A point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute:
飬ۣ顢ִۡҪ¼
legal and moral issues.
ɺ͵µ
A matter of public concern:
⣺ڹĵ
refused to address the economic issues.
ܾԹڹĵľⷢ
The essential point; crux:
ص㣬⣺ҪĹ۵㣻⣺
the issue of how to provide adequate child care.
ṩʵĶͯ
A culminating point leading to a decision:
ۣҪĹؼ㣺
bring a case to an issue.
Ѱᵽ׶
A place of egress; an outlet:
λãйڣ
a lake with no issue to the sea.
ûͨĳˮڵĺ
Pathology 
ѧ 
A discharge, as of blood or pus.
ѪŧųѪŧ
A lesion, a wound, or an ulcer producing such a discharge.
˿ڣŧѪˡ˿ڻ
Archaic Termination; close.
 ֹ
v.ʣ
is.sued,is.su.ing,is.sues 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or come out.See Synonyms at appear 
ֲμ appear
To accrue as proceeds or profit:
棬ϢϢӣ
Little money issued from the stocks.
Ʊ
To be born or be descended.

To be circulated or published.
У
To spring or proceed from a source.See Synonyms at stem 1
ɡԴԲμ stem1
To terminate or result.
ֹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to flow out; emit.
ʹų
To circulate or distribute in an official capacity:
ͨͨͨ䣺
issued uniforms to the players.
ԱƷ
To publish:
棺
issued periodic statements.
涨
?
at issue
In question; in dispute:
ģеģ
Many people fail to grasp what is really at issue here(Gail Sheehy)
ܶ˶ûᵽﵽʲô(Ƕϣ)
At variance; in disagreement.
зģһµ
join issue
To enter into controversy.
μ
Law To submit an issue for decision.
ɡ ύ
take issue
To take an opposing point of view; disagree.
ԡ飻ͬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French eissue, issue 
Դ ŷ eissue, issue 
from Vulgar Latin *ex?a 
Դ  *ex?a 
alteration of Latin exita [feminine past participle of] exore [to go out] 
  exitaı仯  [] exoreԹȥִ [] 
ex- [ex-] 
ex- [ǰ׺š⡱] oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [ȥ] *μ ei- 
?
issuer
n.ʣ
issueless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
it
it
AHD:[1t] 
D.J.[!t]
K.K.[!t]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to that one previously mentioned. Used of a nonhuman entity; an animate being whose sex is unspecified, unknown, or irrelevant; a group of objects or individuals; or an 
abstraction:
ʾ壺ָѾᵽָ壻Աꡢ֪ص壻Ⱥ壻ʣ
polished the table until it shone; couldn't find out who it was; opened the meeting by calling it to order.
Ӳ鲻˭鿪ʼȫ
Used as the subject of an impersonal verb:
ʾ˳ƴʵ
It is snowing.
ѩ
Used as an anticipatory subject or object:
Ϊб
Is it certain that they will win?
һӮ?
Used as an anticipatory subject to emphasize a term that is not itself a subject:
ǿΪǿ
It was on Friday that all the snow fell.
ѩ
Used to refer to a general condition or state of affairs:
״ָ̬ͨ״̬
She couldn't stand it.
޷
Informal Used to refer to something that is the best, the most desirable, or without equal:
ʽ ָ飺ָõġõĻ߲ƽȵ飺
He thinks he's it. That steak was really it!
һֱΪԼѡţǲ
n.ʣ
Games A player, as in tag, who attempts to find or catch the other players.
Ϸ ׽ߣһҪֻץס˵Ϸߣڶͯ׽Ϸ
An animal that has been neutered:
˸Ķ
The cat is an it.
ֻèѱ˹
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hit * see  ko- 
Դ Ӣ hit *μ ko- 
?
IT
IT
abbr.
 information technology 
information technology
?
it
.it
abbr.
 Italy [in Internet addresses] 
Italy[in Internet addresses] 

= =
item
i.tem
AHD:[otm] 
D.J.[6a!t*m]
K.K.[6a!t*m]
n.ʣ
A single article or unit in a collection, an enumeration, or a series.
ĿϸĿļϸĿһеĵĿĿ
A clause of a document, such as a bill or charter.
ļеһ鰸һ½
An entry in an account.
ĿеһĿ
A bit of information; a detail.
һЩϢϸ
A short piece in a newspaper or magazine.
ģֽ־һС
adv.ʣ
Also; likewise. Used to introduce each article in an enumeration or a list.
ͬҲͬҲǡ嵥ÿһĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
i.temed,i.tem.ing,i.tems  
To compute.

?
From Middle English [also, moreover] 
Դ йӢ [ͬң] 
from Latin * see  i- 
Դ  *μ i- 
?
item,detail,particular
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an individual, often specialized element of a whole: 
ЩʵĹͬǡģͨһרŻԪء 
a shopping list with numerous items;
ӵдĿۻ嵥
discussed all the details of their trip;
еϸڣ
furnished the particulars of the accident. 
ṩ¹ʵȫϸ 
?
The worditem  seems to us to be very much a noun, whether it refers to an article in a collection or a bit of information.But it began its life in English (first recorded before 1398) as an 
adverbmeaning moreover, also, in addition.Item as typically used in front of each object listed in an inventory, as we might putalso.  This use in English simply reflects a meaning 
of the word in Latin.However, it is easy to see howitem  could be taken to stand for the thing that it preceded, and so we get, for example, the sense an article included in an 
enumeration.The first such usages are found in the 16th century,while the sense a bit of information is not found until the 19th century.In the 20th century we added a computer 
sense,a further addition toitem.  
item ˵ֻһʣ ָһļеһƪ»һЩϢԴȴһʣ1398ǰ˼Ϊ⣬ңͬItem 
ƷĿ¼ÿһƷǰ棬 ʹalso һ ÷ӳϽһ塣Ȼitem ǰǺ׵ģ 
ǵõļеһƪ¡ֺ塣÷16ͣ塰һЩϢһֱ19Ͳűʹá20ʱǼһĺ壬һγ
˽item  

= =
its
its
AHD:[1ts] 
D.J.[!ts]
K.K.[!ts]
adj.ݴʣ
 itиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ǰ
The airline canceled its early flight to New York.
úչ˾ȡ˷ŦԼɻ
?
Alteration of it's 
 it'sı仯 
it 
it
-'s 
-'s
?
Its, the possessive form of the pronoun it,  is never written with an apostrophe.The contractionit's  (for it is  or it has ) is always written with an apostrophe. 
Its Ǵ it иʽ ϱ㣬дʽit's  it is  it has )ͨҪϱ 

= =
itself
it.self
AHD:[1t-slf] 
D.J.[!t6self]
K.K.[!t6sWlf]
pron.ʣ
That one identical with it:
Լͬ˻
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the object of a preposition:
ָԼʵֱӱӱʱ
The cat scratched itself.
èԼץ
Used for emphasis:
ǿ
The trouble is in the machine itself.
ͳڻ
Used in an absolute construction:
ڶĽṹУ
Itself no great poem, it still reveals talent.
ܲΰʫ裬չ¶ʫ˵츳
Its normal or healthy condition or state:
״̬ͨĻ򽡿״̬
The car is acting itself again since we changed the oil.
ǸͺֿԷ

= =
ivory
i.vo.ry
AHD:[ov-r?, ovr?] 
D.J.[6a!v*ri8, 6a!vri8]
K.K.[6a!v*ri, 6a!vri]
n.ʣ
 i.vo.ries 
A hard, smooth, yellowish-white substance composed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks of the elephant.
ʣҪɵļӲ⻬ưɫʣʹ˴
A similar substance forming the tusks or teeth of certain other mammals, such as the walrus.
ݳɷ֣γĳЩ鶯ݵʣ纣
A tusk, especially an elephant's tusk.
رָ
An article made of ivory.
ƵƷ
A substance resembling ivory.
ƷƷ
Color A pale or grayish yellow to yellowish white.
ɫʡ ɫɫһɫưɫ
Often ivories 
  ivories 
Music Piano keys.
֡ ټ
Games Dice.
Ϸ 
Slang The teeth.
ٵ 
adj.ݴʣ
Composed or constructed of ivory.
Ƶģɻɵ
Color Of a pale or grayish yellow to yellowish white.
ɫʡ ɫģɫһɫưɫ
?
Middle English ivorie 
йӢ ivorie 
from Old French ivoire, ivurie 
Դ ŷ ivoire, ivurie 
from Latin eboreus [of ivory] 
Դ  eboreus [] 
from ebur  ebor- [ivory] 
Դ ebur  ebor- [] 
from Coptic ebou [elephant] 
Դ  ebou [] 
from Egyptian bw 
Դ  bw 

= =
jacket
jack.et
AHD:[j2k1t] 
D.J.[6d9#k!t]
K.K.[6d9#k!t]
n.ʣ
A short coat usually extending to the hips.
££ֻͨβ
An outer covering or casing, especially:
ףƤⲿĸװָ
The skin of a potato.
Ƥ
The dust jacket of a book.
ķ
An insulation covering for a steam pipe, wire, boiler, or similar part.
Եףܡߡ¯ƲֵľԵ
A paper or thin cardboard envelope for a phonograph record.
ƬӣƬֽ׻ֽ
An open envelope or folder for filing papers.
ļףļУװֽĿŷļ
Computer Science The plastic or cardboard container that holds a floppy disk.
ѧ УףǣװŵƬ׻ֽ
The outer metal shell or case of a bullet.
ǣӵĽǻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jack.et.ed,jack.et.ing,jack.ets 
To supply or cover with a jacket.
ףװ
?
Middle English jaket 
йӢ jaket 
from Old French jaquet [diminutive of] jaque [short jacket, tunic] 
Դ ŷ jaquet  [] jaqueС׺ [£ϥ] 
from jacques [nickname for French peasants]  from the name Jacques * see  jack 
Դ jacques [ũĴº]  Դ Jacques *μ jack
or from Catalan  from Arabic ?akk [mailcoat, breastplate] 
Դ ̩  Դ  ?akk [ʼ״ؼ] 
?
jacketed
adj.ݴʣ

= =
jail
jail
AHD:[j3l] 
D.J.[d9e!l]
K.K.[d9el]
n.ʣ
A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention; a prison.
ϵ˵ĵط
Detention in a jail.
не
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a jail population; jail conditions.
е
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jailed,jail.ing,jails 
To detain in custody; imprison.
Ѻ
?
From Middle English jaiole  from Old French 
Դ йӢ jaiole  Դ ŷ 
and from Middle English gaiol, gaol  from Old North French gaiole 
Դ йӢ gaiol, gaol  Դ ŷ gaiole 
both from Vulgar Latin *gaviola 
Դ  *gaviola 
from Latin *caveola [diminutive of] cavea [cage, hollow] 
Դ  *caveola  [] caveaС׺ [ӣѨ] 

= =
jam
jam 1
AHD:[j2m] 
D.J.[d9#m]
K.K.[d9#m]
v.ʣ
jammed,jam.ming,jams 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drive or wedge forcibly into a tight position:
ѹѹλã
jammed the cork in the bottle.
ľѹƿ
To activate or apply suddenly:
ͻȻƶͻȻƶʹã
jam the brakes on.
ͻȻɲ
To cause (moving parts, for example) to lock into an unworkable position:
ʹסʹϣʹƶ֣סɲɹ״̬
jammed the typewriter keys.
ֻİס
To pack (items, for example) to excess; cram:
룺ѣһ𣻼룺
jammed my clothes into the suitcase.
ҵ·
To fill (something) to excess:
ѡ
a suitcase that had been jammed with clothes.
һֻ·
To block, congest, or clog:

a drain that was jammed by debris.
ˮ
To crush or bruise:
ˣˣ
jam a finger.
ָ
Electronics To interfere with or prevent the clear reception of (broadcast signals) by electronic means.
ѧ ţõӵķʽŻֹߵźţ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become wedged or stuck.
Ƕסס
To become inoperable:
ϣò
a typewriter keyboard that had jammed.
ƵĴֻ
To force one's way into or through a limited space.
룬룺򴩹һ޵Ŀռ
Music To play improvisations.
֡ 
n.ʣ
The act of jamming or the condition of being jammed.
ӵӵΪӵ״
A crush or congestion of people or things in a limited space:
˻޵Ŀռ֮ӵӵ
a traffic jam.
ͨ
A trying situation; a predicament.See Synonyms at predicament 
ѵĴμ predicament
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
jammable
adj.ݴʣ
jammer
n.ʣ
?
jam
jam 2
AHD:[j2m] 
D.J.[d9#m]
K.K.[d9#m]
n.ʣ
A preserve made from whole fruit boiled to a pulp with sugar.
ˮǰƳɽ
?
Possibly from jam 1
Դ jam1
?
jammy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
japan
ja.pan
AHD:[j-p2n] 
D.J.[d9*6p#n]
K.K.[d9*6p#n]
n.ʣ
A black enamel or lacquer used to produce a durable glossy finish.
ᣬ᣺־õġйĴ
An object decorated with this substance.
װε
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ja.panned,ja.pan.ning,ja.pans 
To decorate with a black enamel or lacquer.
װ
To coat with a glossy finish.
ʹо
?
After  Japan 
Դ  Japan
?
Japan
Ja.pan
AHD:[j-p2n] 
D.J.[d9*6p#n]
K.K.[d9*6p#n]
NONE޴ԣ
A country of Asia on an archipelago off the northeast coast of the mainland. Traditionally settled c. 660b.c. , Japan's written history began in the 5th century a.d.  During the feudal period 
(12th-19th century) real power was held by the shoguns, local warriors whose dominance was finally ended by the restoration of the emperor Mutsuhito in 1868. At about the same time 
the country was opened to Western trade and industrial technology. Expansionist policies led to Japan's participation in World War II, which ended after atomic bombs were dropped on 
Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 1945). Today the country is highly industrialized and noted for its advanced technology. Tokyo is the capital and the largest city. Population, 
121,047,196. 
ձλڴ½Ķൺ޹ҡһΪڹԪǰ Լ660꣬ձмصʷʼ Ԫ 5͡ڷ⽨ʱ(12-19ͣʵȨĻ͵طʿ
Уǵͳ1868ʸٶᡣͬʱձó׺͹ҵʵпšߵձμӵڶսսڶձĳ͹㵺Ͷö
ԭӵ(19458£֮죬ձһ߶ȷĹҵҲ˵Ŀѧ׶ĳС˿121,047,196 
?
Japan
JapanSea of
NONE޴ԣ
An enclosed arm of the western Pacific Ocean between Japan and the Asian mainland. It is connected with the East China Sea, the Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Okhotsk by several 
straits.
ձձ޴½ΧƵǲ̫ƽͨϿй̫ƽͶο˺

= =
jar
jar 1
AHD:[j?r] 
D.J.[d9$8]
K.K.[d9$r]
n.ʣ
A cylindrical glass or earthenware vessel with a wide mouth and usually no handles.
̳ӣһԲĲմɵĹͨޱ
The amount that a jar can hold.
һޣһװ
Chiefly British A glass of beer.
Ӣ һơ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jarred,jar.ring,jars 
To put into a jar.
ѡ
?
Middle English jarre [a liquid measure] 
йӢ jarre [һҺ] 
from Old French  from Proven?al jarra 
Դ ŷ  Դ ˹ jarra 
and from Medieval Latin jarra 
Դ  jarra 
both from Arabic jarrah [earthen jar] 
Դ  jarrah [ƵĹ] 
?
jarful
n.ʣ
?
jar
jar 2
AHD:[j?r] 
D.J.[d9$8]
K.K.[d9$r]
v.ʣ
jarred,jar.ring,jars 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or utter a harsh sound.
򷢳̶
To be disturbing or irritating; grate:
ңʹŭ򲻰ĥ
The incessant talking jarred on my nerves.
ੲݵ̸ʹҸе겻
To shake or shiver from impact.
ҡҡλ
To clash or conflict:
ִͻ
We ourselves . . . often jar with the landscape(Isak Dinesen)
ǡΧľ³ͻ(ˡɭ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bump or cause to move or shake from impact.
𶯣»˶ҡ
To startle or unsettle; shock.
ʹ𺳣ʹԾɧңʹ
n.ʣ
A jolt; a shock.See Synonyms at collision 
𾪲μ collision
Harsh or grating sound; discord.
̶̶ײĦг
?
[Perhaps of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
jarringly
adv.ʣ

= =
jaw
jaw
AHD:[j?] 
D.J.[d9%8]
K.K.[d9%]
n.ʣ
Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrates form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth.
򦣺󲿷ּ׵е֧ݵĹǼܣǻǽṹ
The mandible or maxilla or the part of the face covering these bones.
ǵĲ֣ǻǻڸǵĹͷһ
Either of two opposed hinged parts in a mechanical device.
ǯڣеװмǯԵеһ
jaws The walls of a pass, canyon, or cavern.
 jaws ڣͨϿȻҶĲ
jaws A dangerous situation or confrontation:
 jaws Σյľ
the jaws of death.
Ź
Slang 
ٵ 
Impudent argument or back talk:
߶ੲݣ
Don't give me any jaw.
߶
A conversation or chat.
̸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
jawed,jaw.ing,jaws ٵ 
To talk vociferously; jabber.
к£֨֨ؽ
To talk; converse.
̸̸
?
Middle English jawe, jowe 
йӢ jawe, jowe 
perhaps from Old French joue [cheek] 
Դ ŷ joue [] 
?
jawless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
jazz
jazz
AHD:[j2z] 
D.J.[d9#z]
K.K.[d9#z]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A style of music, native to America, characterized by a strong but flexible rhythmic understructure with solo and ensemble improvisations on basic tunes and chord patterns and, more 
recently, a highly sophisticated harmonic idiom.
ʿ֣ԴһַǿʧĽΪص㣬ڻµּ˶ͺࡢͽӼ
Big band dance music.
ֶӵ
Slang 
ٵ 
Animation; enthusiasm.
˷ܣ
Nonsense.

Miscellaneous, unspecified things:
ַָĶ
brought the food and all the jazz to go with it.
ʳеﶼ
v.ʣ
jazzed,jazz.ing,jazz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Music To play in a jazz style.
֡ Ծʿַ
Slang To exaggerate or lie to:
ٵ ƭ
Don't jazz me.
ƭ
v.intr.Slang ﶯʣٵ 
To exaggerate or lie.
ƭ
?
jazz up ٵ
To make more interesting; enliven:
ʹʹȤʹã
jazzed up the living area with beaded curtains.
ô鴰װη䣬ʹ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
jazzer
n.ʣ
jazzish
adj.ݴʣ

= =
jealous
jeal.ous
AHD:[jls] 
D.J.[6d9el*s]
K.K.[6d9Wl*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Fearful or wary of being supplanted; apprehensive of losing affection or position.
µģĵģԱȡеµĻĵģʧȥӰλö㷲
Resentful or bitter in rivalry; envious:
ʵģھʱԹ޵ĻԹģʵģ
jealous of the success of others.
ʼ˵ĳɹ
Inclined to suspect rivalry.
ɵģڻɣ֮
Having to do with or arising from feelings of envy, apprehension, or bitterness:
ʵģ¼ɵģԴڻĽηʹĸйصģ
jealous thoughts.
ʵ뷨
Vigilant in guarding something:
ģڱĳʱעģ
We are jealous of our good name.
ҪעԼĺ
Intolerant of disloyalty or infidelity; autocratic:
ݲÿģרģʵܵģõģ
a jealous God.
Υϵ
?
Middle English jelous 
йӢ jelous 
from Old French gelos [jealous, zealous] 
Դ ŷ gelos [ʵģ] 
from Vulgar Latin *z??sus} 
Դ  *z??sus} 
from Late Latin z?s [zeal] * see  zeal 
Դ  z?s [] *μ zeal
?
jealously
adv.ʣ
jealousness
n.ʣ
?
jealous,covetous,envious
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is resentfully or painfully desirous of another's advantages: 
Щݴʵ˼ǡʹͻԹ޵Ҫõ˵ĺô 
jealous of her friend's success;
ѵĳɹ
covetous of his neighbor's possessions;
ھӵĲƲ
envious of their art collection. 
ǵղ 

= =
jeopardize
jeop.ard.ize
AHD:[jpr-doz] 
D.J.[6d9ep*7da!z]
K.K.[6d9Wp+7da!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jeop.ard.ized,jeop.ard.iz.ing,jeop.ard.izes 
To expose to loss or injury; imperil.See Synonyms at endanger 
ʹգʹվˣΣμ endanger

= =
jerk
jerk 1
AHD:[j?rk] 
D.J.[d9T8k]
K.K.[d9Pk]
v.ʣ
jerked,jerk.ing,jerks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a sudden quick thrust, push, pull, or twist to.
ƣ衭ʹ̡ơŤŤ
To throw or toss with a quick abrupt motion.
Ͷһٵ⶯ӻͶ
To utter abruptly or sharply:
ͻȻҵطԣ
jerked out the answer.
ͻȻ˵
To make and serve (ice-cream sodas, for example) at a soda fountain.
̨Ӧմ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in sudden abrupt motions; jolt:
ѸƶͻȻ⶯˶ʹǰ
The train jerked ahead.
ǰʻ
To make spasmodic motions:
ΣʹЪԵ˶
My legs jerked from fatigue.
ҵƣ͹ȶ
n.ʣ
A sudden abrupt motion, such as a yank or twist.
ͻȻ⶯Ť
A jolting or lurching motion.
ҡΣ
Physiology A sudden reflexive or spasmodic muscular movement.
ѧ 鴤ΣͻȻεļ˶
jerks Involuntary convulsive twitching often resulting from excitement. Often used withthe.  
 jerks 鴤˷ܶĳ鴤the  
Slang A dull, stupid, or fatuous person.
ٵ ޴ˣһٶ۵ġ޴Ļ
Sports A lift in which the weight is heaved overhead from shoulder height with a quick motion.
˶ ͦ٣һֽԺܿٶȴӼϾٹͷ˶
?
jerk off  ٵ
To masturbate.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
jerker
n.ʣ
jerkingly
adv.ʣ
?
jerk,snap,twitch,wrench,yank
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to move with a sudden short, quick motion: 
Щʹе˼ǡ̴١Ѹٵ˶ 
jerked the rope and broke it;
͵ӣ
a lock snapping shut;
һϣ
her mouth twitching with suppressed amusement;
촽ǿŲЦ
wrenched the stick out of his hand;
жȣ
yanked the door open. 
͵ 
?
jerk
jerk 2
AHD:[j?rk] 
D.J.[d9T8k]
K.K.[d9Pk]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jerked,jerk.ing,jerks 
To cut (meat) into long strips and dry in the sun or cure by exposing to smoke.
Ѭ⣺ѣ⣩гɳƬɹɻѬ
?
Back-formation from jerky 2
Դ jerky2湹 
?
jerk
jerk 3
AHD:[j?rk] 
D.J.[d9T8k]
K.K.[d9Pk]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or relating to a method of barbecuing meat that has been seasoned and wrapped in leaves of the allspice tree:
ģһֿķĻ֮йصģַǽöҶס濾Ҷζģ
jerk chicken; jerk pork.

?
From jerky 2
Դ jerky2

= =
jet
jet 1
AHD:[jt] 
D.J.[d9et]
K.K.[d9Wt]
n.ʣ
A dense black coal that takes a high polish and is used for jewelry.
񣬱̿һʯĺɫ̼
Color A deep black.
ɫʡ ɫ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of or resembling a dense, black, highly polished coal.
ƵĻƵģŨܵġɫġ߹ȵúʯƳɵĻúʯ
Black as coal:
̿һڵģ
jet hair.
̿ɫͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman geet 
Դ Ӣ geet 
from Latin gag3?s} 
Դ  gag3?s} 
from Greek gagat?s 
Դ ϣ gagat?s 
after Gagas , a town of Lycia 
Դ Ӽ˹ һ 
?
jet
jet 2
AHD:[jt] 
D.J.[d9et]
K.K.[d9Wt]
n.ʣ
A high-velocity fluid stream forced under pressure out of a small-diameter opening or nozzle.
壺ѹʹ´ССĸ
An outlet, such as a nozzle, used for emitting such a stream.
죺ʩĳڣ
Something emitted in or as if in a high-velocity fluid stream:
Իͬ״ʣ
such myriad and such vivid jets of images(Henry Roth)
˷к(˹)
A jet-propelled vehicle, especially a jet-propelled aircraft.
ʽװãָʽɻ
A jet engine.

v.ʣ
jet.ted,jet.ting,jets 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel by jet aircraft:
ˣʽɻУ
jetted from Houston to Los Angeles.
ʽɻ˹ٵɼ
To move very quickly.
ƶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To propel outward or squirt, as under pressure:
䣬ѹȳ䣬ѹ£
Any man might . . . hang around . . . jetting tobacco juice(Ross Lockridge, Jr.)
κ˶п̲֭е(С˹)
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from jeter [to spout forth, throw] 
Դ jeter [ǰӿͶ] 
from Vulgar Latin *iect3e 
Դ  *iect3e 
alteration of Latin iact3e [frequentative of] iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
  iact3  [] iacereظ [Ͷ] *μ y?- 
?
jetful
n.ʣ

= =
jewel
jew.el
AHD:[j?l] 
D.J.[6d9u8*l]
K.K.[6d9u*l]
n.ʣ
A precious stone; a gem.
ʯʯͷʯ
A small natural or artificial gem used as a bearing in a watch.
ʯСȻĻ챦ʯֱе
A costly ornament of precious metal or gems.
ΣĽʯƳɵİװƷ
One that is treasured or esteemed.
ϧص
v.tr.ﶯʣ
jew.eled  jew.elled jew.el.ing  jew.el.ling jew.els  jew.els  
To adorn with jewels.
ѡñʯװ
To fit with jewels.
ѡñʯǶ
?
Middle English juel 
йӢ juel 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *ioc3e [from neuter of] .ioc3lis [of play] 
Դ  *ioc3e  [] ԴԷioc3lisԴ [Ϸ] 
from Latin iocus [joke] * see  yek- 
Դ  iocus [Ц] *μ yek- 

= =
job
job 1
AHD:[j?b] 
D.J.[d9Kb]
K.K.[d9$b]
n.ʣ
A regular activity performed in exchange for payment, especially as one's trade, occupation, or profession.
ΪȡеճָΪĳ˵աҵְҵĹ
A position in which one is employed.
ְҵְλĳܹӶְλ
A task that must be done:
񣺱ɵһ
Washing the windows is not my job.
ϴӲҵ¶
A specified duty or responsibility.See Synonyms at task 
ְһְβμ task
A specific piece of work to be done for a set fee:
һ̶ľ幤
an expensive repair job.

The object to be worked on.
ƣΪй
Something resulting from or produced by work.
ɹƷĳɹƷ
Computer Science A program application that may consist of several steps but is performed as a single logical unit.
ѧ ҵһӦó򣬿ܰü裬Ϊһһ߼λִ
Informal A difficult or strenuous task:
ʽ 飺Ļر飺
It was a real job to convince them to drop the charges.
Ҫ˵ǳȷʵ÷ѵ㾢
Informal A bad or unsatisfactory piece of work:
ʽ ƻΪһúܻ򲻾Ĺ
The stylist did a real job on my hair.
ʦҵͷ
Informal A state of affairs:
ʽ ̬״״̬
Their marriage was a bad job right from the start. It's a good job that we left early to avoid the traffic.
ǵĻһʼ͸ˡҺǶ磬ܿ˽ͨ߷
Informal A criminal act, especially a robbery:
ʽ ٣һΪָ͵ԡ٣
a bank job.

v.ʣ
jobbed,job.bing,jobs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work at odd jobs.
ӻ
To work by the piece.
Ƽ
To act as a jobber.
㹤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To purchase (merchandise) from manufacturers and sell it to retailers.
̣ƷȻת
To arrange for (contracted work) to be done in portions by others; subcontract.
תͬѣǩ˺ͬĹְˣתͬ
To transact (official business) dishonestly for private profit.
ٹ˽ֶμٹ˽شãٷ
?
on the job
Paying close attention; on the alert.
ţ
?
Perhaps from obsolete jobbe [piece] 
Դ  jobbe [] 
alteration of Middle English gobbe [lump] * see  gob 1
 йӢ gobbeı仯 [] *μ gob1
?
job
job 2
AHD:[j?b]  
D.J.[d9Kb]
K.K.[d9$b]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
jobbed,job.bing,jobs 
To jab or make a jab.
̣ͱͻ
n.ʣ
A jab.
̣ͱͻ
?
Middle English jobben 
йӢ jobben 
?
Job
Job
AHD:[j?b] 
D.J.[d9*&b]
K.K.[d9ob]
n.Bible ʣʥ 
In the Old Testament, an upright man whose faith in God survived the test of repeated calamities.
ԼԼһʵֱΣѣԼϵ
Abbr. Jb.See table at Bible 
д Jb.μ Bible
?
Hebrew ?y?b 
ϣ ?y?b 

= =
join
join
AHD:[join] 
D.J.[d9%!n]
K.K.[d9%!n]
v.ʣ
joined,join.ing,joins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or bring together so as to make continuous or form a unit:
ӣӺϣӻӺʹһƬΪһ壺
join two boards with nails; joined hands in a circle.
öӰ嶤һΧһȦ
To put or bring into close association or relationship:
ʹϣ޽ʹϻγϵϵ
were joined by marriage; join forces.
ɷޣװ
To connect (points), as with a straight line.
ӣһֱ߰ѣ㣩
To meet and merge with:
롭ӻϣ
where the creek joins the river.
СϪĻ֮
To become a part or member of:
μӣ룺ΪһֻһԱ
join a club.
ΪֲĻԱ
To come into the company of:
͡飬᣺
joined the group in the waiting room.
ʹڻ
To participate with in an act or activity:
ͬһ𣬹ͬ뵽롭һΪжУ
The committee joins me in welcoming you.
ίԱһӭ
To adjoin.
ڽӣ
To engage in; enter into:
£У
Opposing armies joined battle on the plain.
ƽԭս
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together so as to form a connection:
ϣԱһ
where the two bones join.
ͷĽӺϴ
To act together; form an alliance:
жͬˣ
The two factions joined to oppose the measure.
ɱʩ
To become a member of a group.
ΪȺһԱ
To take part; participate:
μӣ룺
joined in the search.

n.ʣ
A joint; a junction.
ӴӺϵ
?
Middle English joinen 
йӢ joinen 
from Old French joindre  joign-, join- 
Դ ŷ joindre  joign-, join- 
from Latin iungere * see  yeug- 
Դ  iungere *μ yeug- 
?
join,combine,unite,link,connect,relate,associate
These verbs mean to fasten or affix or become fastened or affixed.
Щʱʾ̡ý̡
 Join  applies to the physical contact, connection, or union of at least two separate thingsand to the coming together of persons, as into a group: 
 Join  ʵĽӴӻĽϣҲ˵ĽϻϣγһȺ壩 
The children joined hands.

Join the panels of fabric at the selvages.
Ƕز߷
Join the union, girls, and together sayEqual Pay for Equal Work   (Susan B. Anthony).
ǣμӹᣬһҪͬͬ   橡Bᣩ
 Combine  suggests the mixing or merging of components, often for a specific or shared purpose: 
 Combine  гɷֵϻںϣΪضͬĿ꣩˼ 
The cook combined whipped cream, sugar, and vanilla to make a topping for the compote.
ʦ͡Ǻݾɹ̵Ľ֭
When bad men combine, the good must associate (Edmund Burke).
ڻ˹ʱ˱ ɡˣ
 Unite  stresses the coherence or oneness of the persons or things joined: 
 Unite  ڽ˻ЭԻһԣ 
Can strips of plastic be united with epoxy?
ϴû֬?
The attack on their country united squabbling political factions in a common purpose.
ǹҵĽʹû಻͵Ϊ˹ͬĿŽ
Link   andconnect imply a firm attachment in which individual components nevertheless retain their identities:  
Link  connect һι̵ӻŵ˼ÿһԱԣ  
linked poverty and unemployment to the social unrest besetting the city.
ʹɧƶʧҵϵ
The chief of police is in no way connected with the scandal.
ֳȫ޹ϵ
Relate  refers to connection of persons through marriage or kinship ( 
Relate  ʾͨϵϵ( 
Though they have the same surname, the two are not even distantly related)  or of things through logical association ( 
ȻͬȴûκԵϵ) ͨ߼ϵϵ( 
The two events seem to be related). 
¼ƺй) 
 Associate  usually implies a relationship of persons as partners or allies: 
 Associate  ͨʾ˺֮Ϊͬ˵һֹϵ 
His daughter is associated with him in the family business. It can also refer to a relationship of things that are similar or complementary or that have a connection in one's thoughts: 
ڼͥŮǻ顣 ҲɱʾƵġΪġĳ˼йĹϵ 
I can forgive his bluntness because it is associated with a basic kindliness of spirit. 
ҿԭֱԲ䣬Ϊһֱϵй 

= =
joint
joint
AHD:[joint] 
D.J.[d9%!nt]
K.K.[d9%!nt]
n.Abbr. jnt.,jt.ʣд jnt.,jt.
A place or part at which two or more things are joined.
Ӻϴĵطλ
A way in which two or more things are joined:
Ӻϣķʽ
a mortise-and-tenon joint; flexible joints.
ͷ۵ĽӺϷʽĽӺ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion.
ؽڣϹͷ֮Ĺؽӵ㣬ָԻӵ
A point in the exoskeleton of an invertebrate at which movable parts join, as along the leg of an arthropod.
ڣǼ׵ɻλӵĵ㣬֫Ƚ
Botany An articulation on a fruit or stem, such as the node of a grass stem.
ֲѧ ڣʵ򾥸ϵĽڣݾĽ
Geology A fracture or crack in a rock mass along which no appreciable movement has occurred.
ѧ ѷ죬ѿڣʯеƬ϶Χδɱ쵽˶
A large cut of meat for roasting.
⣺ʳõһ
Slang 
ٵ 
A cheap or disreputable gathering place:
۵ĻǽĹڳ
The tavern is . . . just a joint with Formica tables, a vinyl floor, lights over the mirrors(Scott Turow)
СƵꡭֻǸµȳӣŵذڲϷĵơ(˹ءͼ)
A building or dwelling.
סס
A prison. Often used withthe.  
the  
Slang A marijuana cigarette.
ٵ ̾
Vulgar Slang A penis.
 ٵ 
adj.Abbr. jnt.,jt.ݴʣд jnt.,jt.
Shared by or common to two or more:
ͬģϵģϹлձõģ
our joint presence; a joint income-tax return.
ǵĹͬϯ˰ͬ걨˿
Sharing with another or others:
ģһ˻˹ģ
a joint tenant.
ݺ
Formed or characterized by cooperation or united action:
ϵģɺжγɵĻԴΪģ
joint military maneuvers.
Ͼϰ
Involving both houses of a legislature:
ԺģԺԺģ
a joint session of Congress.
ϯ
Law Regarded as one legal body; united in identity of interest or liability.
ɡ ģͬģΪһģͬ
Mathematics Involving two or more variables.
ѧ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
joint.ed,joint.ing,joints 
To combine or attach with a joint or joints:
ϣϣӵӺϻţ
securely jointed the sides of the drawer.
ѳĲι̵ؽӺ
To provide or construct with joints:
ΪװϽͷʹнӷ죺
joint a boom on a crane.
װϵ
To separate (meat) at the joints.
ڹؽڴп⣩
?
out of joint
Dislocated, as a bone.
ͷѽڵģλ
Informal 
ʽ 
Not harmonious; inconsistent.
Эģһµ
Out of order; inauspicious or unsatisfactory.
ҵģĻ˲
In bad spirits or humor; out of sorts.
ɥģ鲻õģƢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [from past participle of] joindre [to join] * see  join 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴjoindreĹȥִ [] *μ join

= =
joke
joke
AHD:[j?k] 
D.J.[d9*&k]
K.K.[d9ok]
n.ʣ
Something said or done to evoke laughter or amusement, especially an amusing story with a punch line.
ЦΪ˷Цֶ˵Ļ£ָһȤ
A mischievous trick; a prank.
磺İϷ
An amusing or ludicrous incident or situation.
Ц£ȤĻ򻬻Ц
Informal 
ʽ 
Something not to be taken seriously; a triviality:
С£ϷԴ£С£
The accident was no joke.
ⳡ¹ʿɲǶϷ
An object of amusement or laughter; a laughingstock:
ЦЦϣ˸еȤ˷ЦĶЦ
His preference for loud ties was the joke of the office.
ϲǰ칫Ц
v.ʣ
joked,jok.ing,jokes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To tell or play jokes; jest.
ЦЦЦЦ˵Ƥ
To speak in fun; be facetious.
˵Ц
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make fun of; tease.
ȡЦЦ
?
Latin iocus * see  yek- 
 iocus *μ yek- 
?
jokingly
adv.ʣ
?
joke,jest,witticism,quip,sally,crack,wisecrack,gag
These nouns refer to something that is said or done in order to evoke laughter or amusement.
ЩʱʾΪ˷Цֶ˵Ļ¡
 Joke  especially denotes an amusing story with a punch line at the end: 
 Joke  רָβһȤ£ 
told jokes at the beginning of the show.
ڽĿʼʱЦ
Jest  suggests frolicsome humor: 
Jest  ʾһĬ 
All jests aside, we're in big trouble. Awitticism is a witty, usually cleverly phrased remark:  
ЦЦ˴鷳 witticism ָһȤģͨ䣺  
a speech that was full of witticisms. Aquip is a clever, pointed, often sarcastic remark:  
ڶг˵ quip ָһǵġһѪġǷԵ䣺  
a President who responded to the tough questions with quips.
һλ÷شͳ
Sally   denotes a sudden quick witticism: 
Sally  ָͻȻһƤ 
In a sally at the end of the debate the candidate elicited much laughter from the audience.
ڱ۽ʱһƤڵĴЦ
Crack   andwisecrack  refer less formally to flippant or sarcastic retorts:  
Crack  wisecrack ҪʽһЩǱʾĻڿķ  
He made a crack about my driving ability.
ҵļʻ˵һڿĻ
Don't give me any more wisecracks.
ڿˡ
Gag  is principally applicable to a broadly comic remark or to comic by-play in a theatrical routine: 
Gag  ҪָƴڻĻϷ׵ͷ 
one of the most memorable gags in the history of vaudeville. 
ʷͷ֮һ 
?
It is hard to imagine the English language without the wordjoke , butjoke  is only first recorded in 1670. Sincejoke  was originally considered a slang or informal usage, it was not 
suitable to all contexts.The change in status ofjoke  from then to now provides us with an excellent example of how usage changes. Joke  has a decent enough heritage at any rate, 
coming from Latiniocus,  jest, sport, laughingstock, trifle.Iocus in turn can be traced back to the Indo-European root yek-,  meaning to speak, from which also comes the 
Umbrian wordiuka,  prayers, and the Welsh wordiaith, speech. 
ǺӢûjoke ʻ joke 1670״ּء Ϊjoke Ϊٵʽ ǰежõġ
ʱjoke λϵı仯ṩһ÷α仯ļõӡ joke ĴԴϺ棬 iocus һʣ ʾЦϷЦ
¡Iocus ֿ׷ݵӡŷϵеĴʸ yek- ʾ˵ ʸ̲iuka һʣ Լʿiaith һʣ˵ 

= =
jolly
jol.ly
AHD:[j?l?] 
D.J.[6d9Kli8]
K.K.[6d9$li]
adj.ݴʣ
jol.li.er,jol.li.est 
Full of good humor and high spirits.
Ĭģ˸߲ҵ
Exhibiting or occasioning happiness or mirth; cheerful:
˵ģõģʾ˸еÿֵģɿģ
a jolly tune.
õ
Greatly pleasing; enjoyable:
ֵģ˷ǳģģ
had a jolly time.
ȹһλֵʱ
adv.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
To a great extent or degree; extremely.
ܣǳΧ̶ܹȺܸߵأǳ
v.ʣ
jol.lied,jol.ly.ing,jol.lies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To keep amused or diverted for one's own purposes; humor.
ǨͣӭϣΪĿĶʹ˻ʹ֣ӭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To amuse oneself with humorous or teasing banter.
ϷʣĬϷʵĳŪĳ
n.ʣ
 jol.lies 
Chiefly British A good or festive time.
Ӣ ֻϲڼ
jollies Slang Amusement; kicks:
 jollies ٵ ֣Ȥ
However you get your jollies is fine with me.
Ҿ
?
Middle English joli 
йӢ joli 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
jollily
adv.ʣ
jolliness
n.ʣ
?
jolly,jovial,merry,blithe,jocund
These adjectives mean feeling, showing, or marked by good humor and high spirits.
Щݴʱʾеֳ˻øΪ
 Jolly   andjovial  are especially associated with hearty, convivial good cheer:  
 Jolly  jovial 硢罻ʵûйأ  
A jolly crowd attended the reunion.
˸߲ҵȺμؾᡣ
Her grandfather is a jovial, ruddy-faced old gentleman.
Ľ̸һλɫĬʿ
Merry  suggests gaiety, animation, and love of fun: 
Merry  л֡áԼϲֵ˼ 
a peal of merry laughter.
һ󻶿Ц
Blithe  implies buoyancy and freedom from care: 
Blithe  ֹԼǵ˼ 
His spirit was blithe and its fire unquenchable (John Morley).
ֹۿʣ䡱 ԼĪ
 Jocund  suggests sprightly lightheartedness: 
 Jocund  졢ûǳ˼ 
A poet could not but be gay,/In such a jocund company (William Wordsworth).
ʫ˵г/Ϊ֮顱 Ȼ˹

= =
journal
jour.nal
AHD:[j?rnl] 
D.J.[6d9T8n*l]
K.K.[6d9Pn*l]
n.Abbr. jour.,J.,j.ʣд jour.,J.,j.
A personal record of occurrences, experiences, and reflections kept on a regular basis; a diary.
־ռǣ¼йɽе˽˼¼־
An official record of daily proceedings, as of a legislative body.
¼ڣģճ̵ʽ¼
Nautical A ship's log.
 ־ϵĺ־
Accounting 
ѧ 
A daybook.
ռʣˮ
A book of original entry in a double-entry system, listing all transactions and indicating the accounts to which they belong.
¼ʽϵͳеԭʼĿ˱¼еĽףʾר
A newspaper.
ֽ
A periodical presenting articles on a particular subject:
ڿǹĳµڿ
a medical journal.
ҽѧڿ
The part of a machine shaft or axle supported by a bearing.
ᾱеת֧ŵĲ
?
Middle English [breviary] 
йӢ [ÿյ] 
from Old French [daily, breviary] 
Դ ŷ [ÿգÿյ] 
from Late Latin diurn3s [daily] * see  diurnal 
Դ  diurn3s [ÿ] *μ diurnal

= =
journalist
jour.nal.ist
AHD:[j?rn-l1st] 
D.J.[6d9T8n*l!st]
K.K.[6d9Pn*l!st]
n.ʣ
Abbr. jour.One whose occupation is journalism.
д jour.ŹߣŹΪְҵ
One who keeps a journal.
־ߣ־ռǵ

= =
journey
jour.ney
AHD:[j?rn?] 
D.J.[6d9T8ni8]
K.K.[6d9Pni]
n.ʣ
 jour.neys 
The act of traveling from one place to another; a trip.
УһеһصΪ
A distance to be traveled or the time required for a trip:
óڣ·̻ʱ䣺
a 2,000-mile journey to the Pacific; the three-day journey home.
̫ƽ2,000Ӣ·̣ؼҵг
A process or course likened to traveling; a passage:
̣̣еĹ̻
the journey of life.

v.ʣ
jour.neyed,jour.ney.ing,jour.neys 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a journey; travel.
У
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To travel over or through.
ڡле
?
Middle English journei [day, day's travel, journey] 
йӢ journei [һ죬һг̣] 
from Old French jornee 
Դ ŷ jornee 
from Vulgar Latin *diurn3a 
Դ  *diurn3a 
from Late Latin diurnum [day] 
Դ  diurnum [] 
from neuter of Latin diurnus [of a day] 
Դ  diurnusԴ [һ] 
from di?s [day] * see  diary 
Դ di?s [] *μ diary
?
journeyer
n.ʣ

= =
joy
joy
AHD:[joi] 
D.J.[d9%!]
K.K.[d9%!]
n.ʣ
Intense and especially ecstatic or exultant happiness.See Synonyms at pleasure 
ϲãˣǿҵϲãָϲڵϲòμ pleasure
The expression or manifestation of such feeling.
ϲã˵ı
A source or an object of pleasure or satisfaction:
£Ȥϲû
their only child, their pride and joy.
ΨһĺǵĽͻ
v.ʣ
joyed,joy.ing,joys 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take great pleasure; rejoice.
ǳˣϲ
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To fill with ecstatic happiness, pleasure, or satisfaction.
ʹеϲֻ
To enjoy.
ԡе
?
Middle English joie 
йӢ joie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin gaudia [pl. of] gaudium [joy] 
Դ  gaudia  [] gaudiumĸ [ϲã] 
from gaud?e [to rejoice] * see  g3u- 
Դ gaud?e [еˣϲ] *μ g3u- 

= =
joyful
joy.ful
AHD:[joifl] 
D.J.[6d9%!f*l]
K.K.[6d9%!f*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Feeling, causing, or indicating joy.See Synonyms at glad 1
е˵ģʹ˸˵ģʾ˵Ĳμ glad1
?
joyfully
adv.ʣ
joyfulness
n.ʣ

= =
judge
judge
AHD:[j?j] 
D.J.[d9Jd9]
K.K.[d9Jd9]
v.ʣ
judged,judg.ing,judg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form an opinion or estimation of after careful consideration:
жϣۣϸ֮γɵĹ۵ۣ
judge heights; judging character.
Ƹ߶ȣжԸ
Law To hear and decide on in a court of law; try:
ɡ þڷͥУþ
judge a case.
þ
Obsolete To pass sentence on; condemn.
 о
To act as one appointed to decide the winners of:
УþΪָĲоʤߣ
judge an essay contest.
ı
To determine or declare after consideration or deliberation.
жڿǻ֮
Informal To have as an opinion or assumption; suppose:
ʽ 룬ΪСĹ۵ٶ裺
I judge you're right.
ǶԵ
Bible To govern; rule. Used of an ancient Israelite leader.
ʥ ͳΣͳΡָŴ̫ʿʦʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form an opinion or evaluation.
γɹ۵
To act or decide as a judge.
öУΪ»
n.ʣ
One who judges, especially:
еˣָ
One who makes estimates as to worth, quality, or fitness:
ˣͼңڼֵǷʵжϵˣ
a good judge of used cars; a poor judge of character.
ɳмңжԸ
Abbr. J.,j.Law A public official who hears and decides cases brought before a court of law.
д J.,j.ɡ ٣ԱڷͥаӵԱ
Law A bankruptcy referee.
ɡ Ʋ¼ٲ
One appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition.
ԱԱָһʤߵ
Bible 
ʥ 
A leader of the Israelites during a period of about 400 years between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul.
ʿʦԼɨ޼λ֮400ɫ˵
Judges (used with a sing. verb)Abbr. Judg.,Jg.,JJSee table at Bible 
 Judges 뵥ãд Judg.,Jg.,JJμ Bible
?
Middle English jugen 
йӢ jugen 
from Anglo-Norman juger 
Դ Ӣ juger 
from Latin i?3re} 
Դ  i?3re} 
from i?x  i?dic- [judge] * see  deik- 
Դ i?x  i?dic- [] *μ deik- 
?
judge,arbitrator,arbiter,referee,umpire
These nouns denote persons who make decisions that determine points at issue.Ajudge is one capable of making rational, dispassionate, and wise decisions:  
Щָ۵ˡjudge ָܹǡ侲ǵľˣ  
The members of the jury are the sole judges of what the truth is in this case. Anarbitrator works to settle controversies and is either appointedor derives authority from the consent of the 
disputants, who choose him or her or approve the selection: 
ŵĳԱΨһԱ Arbitrator ڽˣ ָģҲƾ޳ɴƾٵͬģ 
The mayor appointed an experienced arbitrator to mediate between the sides and resolve the transit strike. Anarbiter is one who may or may not have official status but whose opinion 
or judgment is recognized as being unassailable or binding: 
гίһλоٲڸ֮ͣҽⳡͨչ Arbiter ָйٷλҲָûйٷλˣ ۵жϱ޿߱
ģ 
a critic who considers himself the supreme arbiter of literary taste. Less oftenarbiter  is used interchangeably with arbitrator.  Areferee is an attorney appointed by a court to make a 
determination of a case or to investigate and report on it (  
ΪԼѧ͵ܳߵҡ Arbiter ͨ arbitrator ʹá Referee Ƿָͥһ㱨ʦ(  
a bankruptcy case handled by a referee), and anumpire  is a person appointed to settle an issue that arbitrators are unable to resolve (  
һλʦƲ) umpire ָָٲδܽ(  
umpires studying complex tax cases). In sportsreferee  and umpire  refer to officials who enforce the rules and settle points at issue. 
о˰񰸼Ĺ) ˶referee  umpire ִָйҽִ 

= =
judgement
judge.ment
AHD:[j?jmnt] 
D.J.[6d9Jd9m*nt]
K.K.[6d9Jd9m*nt]
n.ʣ
Variant of judgment 
 judgmentı

= =
juice
juice
AHD:[j?s] 
D.J.[d9u8s]
K.K.[d9us]
n.ʣ
A fluid naturally contained in plant or animal tissue:
֭Һֲ֯Ȼе֭Һ
fruit juice; meat braised in its own juices.
֭ԭ֭
A bodily secretion:
Һķ
digestive juices.
Һ
The liquid contained in something that is chiefly solid.
Һ壺Ϊ̬ĶҺ
A substance or quality that imparts identity and vitality; essence.
裺Իʻ
Slang Vigorous life; vitality.
ٵ ʢ
Slang Political power or influence; clout.
ٵ ȨƣȨӰͨӰ
Slang 
ٵ 
Electric current.
磺
Fuel for an engine.
ͣȼϣõȼ
Slang Funds; money.
ٵ Ǯʽ𣻽Ǯ
Slang Alcoholic drink; liquor.
ٵ ƣƾϣԾ
Slang Racy or scandalous gossip.
ٵ ԣֱҥ˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
juiced,juic.ing,juic.es 
To extract the juice from.
ե֭Һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Slang To drink alcoholic beverages excessively.
ٵ ƣúƾ
?
juice up ٵ
To give energy, spirit, or interest to.
Ȥ
?
Middle English jus 
йӢ jus 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin i?s 
Դ  i?s 

= =
jump
jump
AHD:[j?mp] 
D.J.[d9Jmp]
K.K.[d9Jmp]
v.ʣ
jumped,jump.ing,jumps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spring off the ground or other base by a muscular effort of the legs and feet.
ϣͨȲ˫żĻ
To move suddenly and in one motion:
ͻȻͻȻƶһ˶
jumped out of bed.
ӴһԾ
To move involuntarily, as in surprise:
һ˶ܾ£
jumped when the phone rang.
绰ʱһ
To parachute from an aircraft.
ӷɻɡ
Informal To move quickly; hustle:
ʽ ѸжϽ
Jump when I give you an order.
Ҹָж
To take prompt advantage; respond quickly:
ѸȡƣϻӦ
jump at a bargain.
ȻһЭ
To enter eagerly into an activity; plunge:
Ͷ룬еزμĳͶ룺
jumped into the race for the nomination.
еͶѡ
To begin or start. Often used withoff : 
ʼoff ã 
The project jumped off with great enthusiasm but interest flagged during the summer.
ƻտʼʱ磻죬ǵȤ
To form an opinion or a judgment hastily:
жϣִٵصóжϣ
jump to conclusions.
Ҵҵ
To make a sudden verbal attack; lash out:
ͻȻԴǹ
jumped at me for being late; jumped on her subordinates for their carelessness.
ҵĳٵǴ֦Ҷָ
To undergo a sudden and pronounced increase:
ǣͻȻӣ
Prices jumped in October.
10·۱
To rise suddenly in position or rank:
ְλ򼶱ͻȻ
jumped over two others with more seniority.
Խְλߵ˶
To move discontinuously or change after a short period:
Ѹٵתƶʱڵת䣺
jumps from one subject to another; jumped from one job to another.
һͻȻһ⣻һһ
To be displaced by a sudden jerk:
ͻȻͻȻıλã
The phonograph needle jumped.
ĳͻȻ˳Ƭ
To be displaced vertically or laterally because of improper alignment:
ڲȷУϱıλã
The film jumped during projection.
Ӱͼڷӳз
Computer Science To move from one set of instructions in a program to another out of sequence.
ѧ תƣת˳شһһָתƵһָ
Games 
Ϸ 
To move over an opponent's playing piece in a board game.
ϷԶԷ
To make a jump bid in bridge.

Slang To be lively; bustle:
ٵ Ծ֣
a disco that really jumps.
ҵĵ˹
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To leap over or across:
ԾԾ
jump a fence.
Ծ
To leap onto:
ϣ
jump a bus.
һ
Slang To spring upon in sudden attack; assault or ambush:
ٵ ͻȻϮ
Muggers jumped him in the park.
ٷڹ԰ͻȻϮ
To move or start prematurely before:
ڡ֮ǰжʼ
jumped the starting signal.
źŷǰ
To cause to leap:
ʹԾ
jump a horse over a fence.
Ծ
To cause to increase suddenly:
ʹ
Unexpected shortages jumped milk prices by several cents a quart.
벻Ķȱʹţ̼۸һ͵˺ü
To pass over; skip:
ȥ
The typewriter jumped a space.
ֻ˸ո
To raise in rank or position; promote.
ְְλ
Games 
Ϸ 
To move a piece over (an opponent's piece) in a board game, often thereby capturing the opponent's piece.
ȡԷӣϷԷӶƶӣͨ˳ԵԷ
To raise (a partner's bid) in bridge by more than is necessary.
ӽƣʱҪؼӽУĽƣ
To jump-start (a motor vehicle).
𶯣
To leave (a course), especially through mishap:
䣬ѹ죺뿪У·ߣָΪֻ
The train jumped the rails.
𳵳
Slang 
ٵ 
To leave hastily; skip:
Ҵ뿪ߣ
jumped town a step ahead of the police.
Ⱦһ
To leave (an organization, for example) suddenly or in violation of an agreement:
룬ΥԼͻȻ뿪ΥЭ뿪֯
jumped the team and signed with a rival club.
뿪Ӳ뾺ֵľֲǩԼ
To seize or occupy illegally:
Ƿռݻռ
jump a mining claim.
ռ˵Ŀ
To forfeit (bail) by failing to appear in court.
ɥʧûգûͥʧȥͣ
n.ʣ
The act of jumping; a leap.
ԾΪ
The distance covered by a jump:
һԾľ룺
a jump of seven feet.
7ӢԶһ
An obstacle or a span to be jumped.
Խϰ
A descent from an aircraft by parachute.
ӷɻɡ
Sports Any of several track-and-field events in which contestants jump.
˶ ԶߣﾶκһҪԾıĿ
Informal An initial competitive advantage; a head start:
ʽ ռȣȣʼʱƣռȵλ
got the jump on the other daily papers.
ձ
A sudden pronounced rise, as in price or salary.
ǣǣͻȻǣ۸нˮ
An impressive promotion.
ȵ
A step or level:
һһˮƽ
managed to stay a jump ahead of the others.
跨ֱһ
A sudden or major transition, as from one career or subject to another.
ͻ䣬䣺ͻȻشת䣬һְҵһת
A short trip.
;
One in a series of moves and stopovers, as with a circus or road show.
ѲݳϷŻѲݳһϵ;֮ͣһ
Games A move in a board game over an opponent's piece.
Ϸ ԣϷԶԷ
Computer Science A movement from one set of instructions to another.
ѧ תƣһָһָת
An involuntary nervous movement; a start.
Ծ
jumps A condition of nervousness. Often used withthe.  
 jumps 񲻰ľ״̬the  
A jump-start of a motor vehicle.

?
jump the gun
To start doing something too soon.
ж
?
Middle English jumpen [to jump (sense uncertain)] 
йӢ jumpen [Ծⲻ] 

= =
junction
junc.tion
AHD:[j?ngkshn] 
D.J.[6d9J0k.*n]
K.K.[6d9J0k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of joining or the condition of being joined.
ӣӺϣΪ̻򱻽Ӻһ״̬
Abbr. jct.,junc.A place where two things join or meet, especially a place where two roads or railway routes come together and one terminates.
д jct.,junc.㣬ϵ㣺ӻϵĵص㣬ָ··߽㣬һյĵط
A transition layer or boundary between two different materials or between physically different regions in a single material, especially:
紦ֲͬʣ򵥸ʵĲͬλ֮Ĺɲɱ߽磬ָ
A connection between conductors or sections of a transmission line.
ͷӲֻߵĸ
The interface between two different semiconductor regions in a semiconductor device.
ӿڣ뵼װͬİ뵼֮ĽӺϲ
A mechanical or alloyed contact between different metals or other materials, as in a thermocouple.
ӴȵżУͬĽ֮еĻӵĽӴ
?
Latin i??}  i?ncti?n- 
 i??}  i?ncti?n- 
from i?s [past participle of] iungere [to join] * see  yeug- 
Դ i?s  [] iungereĹȥִ [] *μ yeug- 
?
junctional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
jungle
jun.gle
AHD:[j?nggl] 
D.J.[6d9J0g*l]
K.K.[6d9J0g*l]
n.ʣ
Land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation.
ȴֲԣܼȴֲĵش
A dense thicket or growth.
֣֣ïܵĹľԻ
A dense, confused mass; a jumble.
ңҡҵһѣ
Something made up of many confused elements; a bewildering complex or maze:
֮ҵعɵԻļ۸ӵ
sorting through the jungle of regulations.
һѴ۸ӵĹԷ
A place or milieu characterized by intense, often ruthless competition or struggle for survival:
ǿʳĵطΪпᾺĵط
the corporate jungle.
˾
Slang A place where hoboes camp.
ٵ ˺Ӫ
?
Ultimately from Sanskrit jam [desert, wasteland, uncultivated area] 
Դ  jam [ɳĮԭδѵĵ] 
from ja- [desert, waste] 
Դ ja- [Įë֮] 
?
jungly
AHD:[-gl?] ݴʣ
?
One might be surprised to learn that the wordjungle  is not African in origin nor does it come from a word that only meant land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation and trees. 
Jungle goes back to the Sanskrit word ja,  meaning desert, wasteland,and also any kind of uncultivated area, such as heavily forested land.The Sanskrit wordja-  passed into 
various Indian languages and from one or more of these languages into English.In Englishjungle  was used for land overgrown with vegetation, for the vegetation itself,and for such land 
outside India.The word was also extended figuratively in various ways.We have, for example, asphalt jungles, concrete jungles, blackboard jungles, academic jungles, corporate 
jungles,and, in a February 1972 issue of theGuardian,  the government official who lit up some lurid corners of the taxation jungle.
jungle һʵĴԴǷҲԽΪïܵȴֲľĵشĵʣ֪һҲ˳Ծ Jungle ׷ݵ jangalam  ΪĮ
ԭҲָκδѵĵïܵɭ֡jangala- ӡУ ִеһֻٴӢӢjungle ֲָĵش ָ
ֲﱾҲָӡƵشôҲڶ෽Ϊ塣磬аʹ֡ˮ֡ڰ֡ѧ֡˾֣19722·еһ 
 ˡ¶˰մΪ֪Ա

= =
junior
jun.ior
AHD:[j?nyr] 
D.J.[6d9u8nj*]
K.K.[6d9unj+]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. jr.,Jr.,Jun.,jun.,jnr.Used to distinguish a son from his father when they have the same given name.
д jr.,Jr.,Jun.,jun.,jnr.Сͬʱôڱʾӵ֣ڸ
Intended for or including youthful persons:
˵ģΪ׼ģģ
junior fashions; a junior sports league.
˵ʱУ
Lower in rank or shorter in length of tenure:
λϵ͵ģʽ϶̵ģָϵ͵ģڽ϶̵ģ
a junior officer; the junior senator from Texas.
¼٣ԵݵԱ
Of, for, or constituting students in the third year of a U.S. high school or college:
꼶ģѧѧ꼶ġΪ꼶Ļ꼶ģ
the junior class; the junior prom.
꼶İ༶ѧ꼶ٰ
Lesser in scale than the usual.
ȼϵ͵ģռеĳȽ϶̵
n.Abbr. jr.,Jr.,Jun.,jun.,jnr.ʣд jr.,Jr.,Jun.,jun.,jnr.
A person who is younger than another:
ߣСˣ
a sister four years my junior.
С4
A person lesser in rank or time of participation or service; subordinate.
ϵߣڽ϶ߣ
A student in the third year of a U.S. high school or college.
ѧѧ꼶ѧ
A class of clothing sizes for girls and slender women.Also called  In this sense, also called junior miss 
СŮߴ磺ŮŮһַװߴҲ  ڴҲɳ junior miss
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin [comparative of] iuvenis [young] * see  yeu- 
Դ   [] iuvenisıȽϼ [] *μ yeu- 

= =
jury
jury 1
AHD:[j?r?] 
D.J.[6d9&*ri8]
K.K.[6d9&ri]
n.ʣ
 ju.ries 
Law A body of persons sworn to judge and give a verdict on a given matter, especially a body of persons summoned by law and sworn to hear and hand down a verdict upon a case 
presented in court.
ɡ ţľضоͲö壬ָܷɵĴĺ󣬾ύԺİ֤ö
A committee, usually of experts, that judges contestants or applicants, as in a competition or an exhibition; a panel of judges.
ίԱᣬרţھչвѡֻ˵ίԱᣬͨרίԱᣬɷɵС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ju.ried,ju.ry.ing,ju.ries 
To judge or evaluate by a jury:
ѡͨίԱоۣ
jurying submitted samples for a crafts fair.
ΪֹƷչ͵Ʒ
?
Middle English jure 
йӢ jure 
from Anglo-Norman juree [from feminine past participle of] jurer [to swear] 
Դ Ӣ juree  [] ԴjurerԹȥִ [] 
from Latin i?3re} 
Դ  i?3re} 
from i?s  i?r- [law] * see  yewes- 
Դ i?s  i?r- [] *μ yewes- 
?
jury
jury 2
AHD:[j?r?] 
D.J.[6d9&*ri8]
K.K.[6d9&ri]
adj.Nautical ݴʣ 
Intended or designed for temporary use; makeshift:
õģӦģΪʱʹöƵģʱƷ
a jury sail.
ʱ
?
Ultimately from Old French ajuri [help] 
Դ ŷ ajuri [] 
from Latin adi?3re} [to help] * see  aid 
Դ  adi?3re} [] *μ aid

= =
just
just 1
AHD:[j?st] 
D.J.[d9Jst]
K.K.[d9Jst]
adj.ݴʣ
Honorable and fair in one's dealings and actions:
ɵģģΪֹɣƽģ
a just ruler.See Synonyms at fair 1
ͳ߲μ fair1
Consistent with what is morally right; righteous:
ģڵϼֺϷģģ
a just cause.
ҵ
Properly due or merited:
Ӧõģ
just deserts.
ӦõĽ
Law Valid within the law; lawful:
ɡ ϷģڷɷΧЧģģ
just claims.
ϷҪ
Suitable or proper in nature; fitting:
ǡģʺϵĻ˵ģƵģ
a just touch of solemnity.
ʶȵׯ
Based on fact or sound reason; well-founded:
гָݵģʵԵΪģɳģ
a just appraisal.
иоݵ
adv.ʣ
AHD:[jst, j1st] [j?st] ضʱ 
Precisely; exactly:
ȷأãǡǡǣ
just enough salt.
㹻
Only a moment ago:
ղţţ
He just arrived.
ոյ
By a narrow margin; barely:
ǿأһͲ
just missed being hit; just caught the bus before it pulled away.
㱻УʱϼĹ
At a little distance:
벻Զأ
just down the road.
·ͷ
Merely; only:
ֻ
just a scratch.
ֻһκ
Simply; certainly:
ȫأֱ
It's just beautiful!
ֱ̫Ưˣ
Perhaps; possibly:
Ҳܣ
I just may go.
ҿܻ
?
just about
Almost; very nearly:
࣬
This job is just about done.

just now
Only a moment ago.
ղţǰ
just the same
Nevertheless.
Ȼ
?
Middle English juste 
йӢ juste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin i?s * see  yewes- 
Դ  i?s *μ yewes- 
?
justly
adv.ʣ
justness
n.ʣ
?
just
just 2
AHD:[j?st] 
D.J.[d9Jst]
K.K.[d9Jst]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of joust 
 joustı

= =
justice
jus.tice
AHD:[j?st1s] 
D.J.[6d9Jst!s]
K.K.[6d9Jst!s]
n.ʣ
The quality of being just; fairness.
ֱƷʣƽ
The principle of moral rightness; equity.
Ϲԭ򣻹ƽ
Conformity to moral rightness in action or attitude; righteousness.
壺Ϊֹ̬ϷϵϵĹ
The upholding of what is just, especially fair treatment and due reward in accordance with honor, standards, or law.
ĴĶӵָ׼ɵĹƽԴӦõģͻ򷣣Ĵ
Law The administration and procedure of law.
ɡ ˾ɵʵʩͳ
Conformity to truth, fact, or sound reason:
Ϸԣࡢʵɵԣ
The overcharged customer was angry, and with justice.
ǮĹ˿ͺ
Abbr. J.,j.Law 
д J.,j.ɡ 
A judge.

A justice of the peace.
ΰ
?
do justice to
To treat adequately, fairly, or with full appreciation:
ʵءƽضԴֵУ
The subject is so complex that I cannot do justice to it in a brief survey.
̫ӣ޷ֻͨԵоͶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin i?a 
Դ  i?a 
from i?s [just] * see  just 1
Դ i?s [ģƽ] *μ just1

= =
justification
jus.ti.fi.ca.tion
AHD:[j?st-f1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7d9Jst*f!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7d9Jst*f!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of justifying.
⣬绤֤ΪΪ
The condition or fact of being justified.
޹ʱ޾̣֤Ϊ״̬ʵ
Something, such as a fact or circumstance, that justifies:
ɣڣΪ绤Ķʵ򻷾
considered misgovernment to be a justification for revolution.See Synonyms at apology 
ѶԹǸɲμ apology

= =
justify
jus.ti.fy
AHD:[j?st-fo] 
D.J.[6d9Jst*7fa!]
K.K.[6d9Jst*7fa!]
v.ʣ
jus.ti.fied,jus.ti.fy.ing,jus.ti.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid:
֤֤ȷЧ
justified each budgetary expense as necessary; anger that is justified by the circumstances.
֤ÿһԤöǱҪģʵ֤ɵķŭ
To declare free of blame; absolve.
𱸣
Theology To free (a human being) of the guilt and penalty attached to grievous sin. Used only of God.
ѧ ϵˣ棨ˣѣˣĳͷнѳֻϵ
Law 
ɡ 
To demonstrate sufficient legal reason for (an action taken).
֤гĺϷɣĳ£
To prove to be qualified as a bondsman.
֤ʸ
Printing To adjust the spacing within (lines in a document, for example), so that the lines end evenly at a straight margin.
ӡˢ 棬оࣺļеУо࣬ʹгһ£ֱҳ߿հ
v.intr.Printing ﶯʣӡˢ 
To be adjusted in spacing so as to end evenly at the margin.
棬оࣺоʹҳ߿հ״ȵؽ
?
Middle English justifien 
йӢ justifien 
from Old French justifier 
Դ ŷ justifier 
from Late Latin i?3re} 
Դ  i?3re} 
from Latin [to act justly toward] 
Դ  [ضԴ] 
i?s [just] * see  just 1
i?s [ģгָݵ] *μ just1
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [׺ʾʹΪʹ] 
?
justify,warrant
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to be a proper or sufficient reason for: 
ЩʹͬҪ˼ǡΪʵĻֵɡ 
an angry outburst justified by extreme provocation;
ֵƵµȫɵĲȻŭ
drastic measures not warranted by the circumstances. 
ʵ֤Ĳʵļ˴ʩ 

= =
keen
keen 1
AHD:[k?n] 
D.J.[ki8n]
K.K.[kin]
adj.ݴʣ
keen.er,keen.est 
Having a fine, sharp cutting edge or point.
ģϸı߻
Having or marked by intellectual quickness and acuity.See Synonyms at sharp 
ģģͷΪĲμ sharp
Acutely sensitive:
ǳеģ
a keen ear.
Ķ
Sharp; vivid; strong:
ģģǿ׳ģ
His entire body hungered for keen sensation, something exciting(Richard Wright)
һǿҵĸоһЩ˼¡(¡)
Intense; piercing:
ǿҵģ̹ǵģ
a keen wind.
̹ǵķ
Pungent; acrid:
ģ̵ģ
A keen smell of skunk was left behind.
Ĵ̱ζ
Ardent; enthusiastic:
ҵģģ
a keen chess player.
ĵ
Eagerly desirous:
пģ
keen on going to Europe in the spring.See Synonyms at eager 1
ȥŷ޲μ eager1
Slang Great; splendid; fine:
ٵ ˲ģõģõģ
What a keen day!
õ찡
?
Middle English kene 
йӢ kene 
from Old English c?e [brave] 
Դ Ӣ c?e [¸ҵ] 
?
keenly
adv.ʣ
keenness
n.ʣ
?
keen
keen 2
AHD:[k?n] 
D.J.[ki8n]
K.K.[kin]
n.ʣ
A loud, wailing lament for the dead.
ޣһָĵߵİ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
keened,keen.ing,keens 
To wail in lamentation, especially for the dead.See Synonyms at cry 
ޣţָΪ߲μ cry
?
From Irish Gaelic caoineadh 
Դ Ƕ caoineadh 
from caoninim [I lament] 
Դ caoninim [] 
from Old Irish conim 
Դ Ű conim 
?
keener
n.ʣ

= =
keep
keep
AHD:[k?p] 
D.J.[ki8p]
K.K.[kip]
v.ʣ
kept[kpt] keep.ing,keeps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To retain possession of:
ӵУռУֶԡӵУ
kept the change; must keep your equanimity.
Ǯر侲
To have as a supply:
棺ΪӵУ
keep a cord of wood in the shed.
ľĴС
To provide (a family, for example) with maintenance and support:
Ϊͥṩú֧֣
There's little to earn and many to keep(Charles Kingsley)
׬Ǯ٣Ҫȴࡱ(˹˹)
To put customarily; store:
ϰϷڣţ
Where do you keep your saw?
ѾĶ?
To supply with room and board for a charge:
ṩʳޣշѲΪṩʳޣ
keep boarders.
Ϊṩʳ
To raise:

keep chickens.

To maintain for use or service:
УΪûУ
a city dweller who didn't keep a car.
ûĳо
To manage, tend, or have charge of:
չܻ𡭣
Keep the shop while I'm away.
ҲڵʱҪտ̵
To preserve (food).
棨ʳ
To cause to continue in a state, condition, or course of action:
ά֣ʹĳһ״̵̬Ķ
attempted to keep the patient calm.
ͼʹ
To maintain records in:
أ룺¼ڣ
keep a yearly diary.

To enter (data) in a book:
¼ϣ
keep financial records.
¼¼
To detain:
ס飺
was kept after school.
ѧ
To restrain:
ƣ
kept the child away from the hot stove; kept the crowd back with barriers.
ú߽¯ӣϵסȺ
To prevent or deter:
ֹֹ
tried to keep the ice from melting.
ֹڻ
To refrain from divulging:
ʹй¶
keep a secret.

To save; reserve:
棻ܣ
keep extra money for emergencies.
¶ǮԱ
To maintain:
֣
keep late hours.
˯
To adhere to; fulfill:
֣ɣ
keep one's word; keep a busy schedule.
ŵԣŵճ̱
To celebrate; observe.
ף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remain in a state or condition; stay:
֣ά֣ĳ״̬֣
keep in line; keep quiet; kept well.
źöӣְ
To continue to do:

keep on talking; keep guessing.

To remain fresh or unspoiled:
ʻ򲻸ܣ
The dessert won't keep.
ɳ׾÷
n.ʣ
Care; charge:
չˣ
The child is in my keep for the day.
⺢չ
The means by which one is supported:
ƣƷ
earn one's keep.
Ǯ
The stronghold of a castle.
ҪǱİҪ
A jail.

?
keep at
To persevere in work or an action.
ĳΪ
keep down
To prevent from growing, accomplishing, or succeeding:
ѹƣѹֹɳɻɹ
keep down prices; keep the revolutionaries down.
ۣѹ
keep off
To stay away from.
㿪ܿ
keep to
To adhere to:
֣أ
keep to the original purpose.
ԭּ
keep up
To maintain in good condition:
״̬
kept up the property.
Ʋ
To persevere in; carry on:
֣
We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up.
˵ˣ˵ȥ
To continue at the same level or pace.
Уͬˮƽ򲽷ȥ
To match one's competitors, colleagues, or neighbors in success or lifestyle:
󣬸ϵϣ϶֡ͬ»ھӣָڳɾͻʽϣ
unsuccessfully tried to keep up with his associates.
ûܸͬ
?
for keeps
For an indefinitely long period:
Զأ޳һʱ䣺
gave the ring to me for keeps.
ָԵ͸
Seriously and permanently:
õأ
We're separating for keeps.
ǴӴһ
keep an eye out
To be watchful.

keep company
To carry on a courtship:
మ
a couple who kept company but never married.
˴మȴһ
keep (one's) chin up
To be stalwart, courageous, or optimistic in the face of difficulty.
ֹۣᶨǰᶨ¸һֹ
keep (one's) eyes open 
keep (one's) eyes peeled
To be on the lookout.
С
keep (one's) nose cleanʽ
To stay out of trouble.
ܿ鷳
keep pace
To stay even with others, as in a contest.
У˲ڱ
keep (someone) company
To accompany or remain with.
飺롭һ
keep time
To indicate the correct time.
ʾ׼ȷʱ
Music To maintain the tempo or rhythm.
֡ ֽ
keep to (oneself)
To shun the company of others:
ܿ˵飺
She kept to herself all morning.
Լһ˴
To refrain from divulging:
ʹй¶
He kept the news to himself.
Ϣض
?
Middle English kepen 
йӢ kepen 
from Old English c?n [to observe, seize] 
Դ Ӣ c?n [۲죬ץס] 
?
keep,retain,withhold,reserve
These verbs mean to have and maintain in one's possession or control.
ЩʶʾʹΪԼл֮¡
 Keep  is the most general: 
 Keep  ͳģ 
We received a tempting offer for the housebut decided to keep it.
ǵõһջĿۣǾӡ
I don't know which is more difficultto earn money or to keep it.
Ҳ֪ǮʹǮĸѡ
Retain  means to continue to hold,especially in the face of possible loss: 
Retain  ˼ǼУָпʧȥ£ 
The executor . . . is allowed to pay himself first, by retaining in his hands so much as his debt amounts to (William Blackstone).
ִ˿Լ֧ϱԼծ൱Ǯ ˹ͨ
 Withhold  implies reluctance or refusal to give, grant, or allow: 
 Withhold  ָԸܾ衢 
The tenants withheld their rent until the landlord repaired the boiler. Toreserve is to hold back for the future or for a special purpose:  
͵ȵ˹¯֮Ž⡣ Reserve ָΪĳһĿĶ  
I will reserve my questions for the discussion period.
ҰⱣ۵ʱ
The farmer reserved two acres for an orchard. See also Synonyms at  livelihood ,observe 
ũĶ԰ μͬ livelihood,observe

= =
keeper
keep.er
AHD:[k?pr] 
D.J.[6ki8p*]
K.K.[6kip+]
n.ʣ
One that keeps, especially:
ˣָ
An attendant, a guard, or a warden.
أߡԱ໤
One that has the charge or care of something:
ˣĳ»չĳˣ
a lion keeper; the keeper of the budget.
ʨӹԱԤ
Football A play made by the quarterback who keeps the ball after it is snapped and then runs with it.
 ķ
Informal One that is worth keeping, especially a fish large enough to be legally caught.
ʽ ﵽ㣺ֵñĶָ߿ɺϷ㹻

= =
kettle
ket.tle
AHD:[ktl] 
D.J.[6ketl]
K.K.[6kWt1]
n.ʣ
A metal pot, usually with a lid, for boiling or stewing.
ˮһֽĺиӣˮ
A teakettle.

Music A kettledrum.
֡ ģͭ
Geology A depression left in a mass of glacial drift, formed by the melting of an isolated block of glacial ice.
ѧ ״䣺µ䣬ɹѩڻ
A pothole.

?
Middle English ketel 
йӢ ketel 
from Old Norse ketill 
Դ ˹ά ketill 
Old English cetel 
Ӣ cetel 
both from Latin catos [diminutive of] catonus [large bowl] 
Դ  catos  [] catonusС׺ [] 

= =
key
key 1
AHD:[k?] 
D.J.[ki8]
K.K.[ki]
n.ʣ
 keys 
A notched and grooved, usually metal implement that is turned to open or close a lock.
Կףй۵һֽߣڿס
A similar device used for opening or winding:
Կףڿתװã
the key of a clock; a can that has a key attached.
ϷԿףԿ׵Ĺͷ
A means of access, control, or possession.
ֶΣƻռеķ
A vital, crucial element.
ؼҪĻɷ
A set of answers to a test.
𰸣Ľ
A table, gloss, or cipher for decoding or interpreting.
뱾͵ı񡢴ʱ
A device, such as a wedge or pin, inserted to lock together mechanical or structural parts.
Ш˨Ш˨һһװãʹеṹһ
Architecture The keystone in the crown of an arch.
ѧ ʯλڹʯ
A button or lever that is pressed with the finger to operate a machine.
ָѹİť
Music A button or lever that is pressed with the finger to produce or modulate the sound of an instrument, such as a clarinet or piano.
֡ ָѹԲ絥ɹܡ٣
Music 
֡ 
A tonal system consisting of seven tones in fixed relationship to a tonic, having a characteristic key signature and being since the Renaissance the structural foundation of the bulk of 
Western music; tonality.
߸й̶ϵɫĵϵͳжصĵţոһֱĽṹ
The principal tonality of a work:
ӣҪԣ
an etude in the key of E.
Eϰ
The pitch of a voice or other sound.
ߣɤ
A characteristic tone or level of intensity, as of a speech or sales campaign. Often used in combination:
ݽ۾ɫԵӻҳ̶ȣڸϴʣ
high-key; low-key.
ߵ͵
Botany The key fruit.
ֲѧ 
An outline of the distinguishing characteristics of a group of organisms, used as a guide in taxonomic identification.
һĸָ
Basketball An area at each end of the court between the base line and the foul line and including the jump-ball circle at the foul line:
 ߵһλڵߺͷ֮䣬ϵȦ
a jump shot from the top of the key.
ӷ򳡱ߵͶ
adj.ݴʣ
Of crucial importance; significant:
ؼģشģ
key decisions; the key element of the thesis.
شĽۣĵĳɷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
keyed,key.ing,keys 
To lock with or as if with a key.
ûԿ
Architecture To furnish (an arch) with a keystone.
ѧ ùʯװΣ
Music To regulate the pitch of.
֡ Ϊ
To bring into harmony; adjust or adapt.
ʹгڻʹӦ
To supply an explanatory key for.
Ϊṩ
To operate (a device), as for typesetting by means of a keyboard.
ü̲һװãüʱ
To enter (data) into a computer by means of a keyboard.
룺ṵ̈ѣϢ
To identify (a biological specimen).
һࣩ
?
key up
To make intense, excited, or nervous.
ʹС˷ܻ
?
in key
In consonance with other factors.
ҪЭ
out of key
Not in consonance with other factors.
ҪزЭ
?
Middle English kai, kei 
йӢ kai, kei 
from Old English c?g 
Դ Ӣ c?g 
?
key
key 2
AHD:[k?] 
D.J.[ki8]
K.K.[ki]
n.ʣ
 keys 
A low offshore island or reef, especially in the Gulf of Mexico; a cay.
ָīڣĵ͵򽸣ɺ
?
Alteration  influenced by key  variant of quay 
   keyӰ   quayı
of Spanish cayo * see  cay 
  cayoı仯 *μ cay
?
key
key 3
AHD:[k?] 
D.J.[ki8]
K.K.[ki]
n.ʣ
 keys ٵ 
A kilogram of marijuana, cocaine, or heroin.
һһ顢ɿ
?
Shortening and alteration of kilogram 
 kilogramļдͱ仯
?
Key
Key
AHD:[k?] Francis Scott (1779-1843) 
D.J.[ki8]
K.K.[ki]
NONE޴ԣ
American lawyer and poet who wrote Defense of Fort M'Henry after witnessing the British attack on Fort McHenry at Baltimore on September 13-14, 1814. The poem was set to the 
music of an 18th-century tune called To Anacreon in Heaven, renamed The Star-Spangled Banner, and in 1931 was adopted by Congress as the national anthem.
˹˹أ(1779-1843) ʦʫˣĿӢ181491314չͶĦ˺֮дˡ˺֮硱ʫ18͵һӡ
ο̡Ϊ족1931걻ᶨΪ

= =
keyboard
key.board
AHD:[k?b?rd, -b?rd] 
D.J.[6ki87b%8d, -7b*&rd]
K.K.[6ki7b%rd, -7bord]
n.ʣ
A set of keys, as on a computer terminal, word processor, typewriter, or piano.
̣һϵмն豸ִֻ
Music Any one of various instruments played by means of a set of pianolike keys, often connected to a synthesizer or an amplifier.
֡ ټһװõͨӺϳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
key.board.ed,key.board.ing,key.boards 
Printing To set (copy) by means of a keyed typesetting machine:
ӡˢ ͨʽֻ֣
keyboard a manuscript.
ͨʽֻӡָ
Music To play (a composition) by means of an instrument having a set of pianolike keys.
֡ ͨиټһļࣨӣ
?
keyboarder  
keyboardist
n.ʣ

= =
kick
kick
AHD:[k1k] 
D.J.[k!k]
K.K.[k!k]
v.ʣ
kicked,kick.ing,kicks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike out with the foot or feet.
ߣõŻ˫Ż
Sports To score or gain ground by kicking a ball.
˶ ÷
Football To punt.
 
To recoil:

The high-powered rifle kicked upon being fired.
ǿĲǹһͷײ
Informal 
ʽ 
To express negative feelings vigorously; complain.
ԹǿҵرﲻԹ
To oppose by argument; protest.See Synonyms at object 
ͨ練ԣμ object
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with the foot.
ý
To propel by striking with the foot.
ͨƶ
To spring back against suddenly:
ͻȻص
The rifle kicked my shoulder when I fired it.
ҿһǹ󣬲ǹҼ
Sports To score (a goal or point) by kicking a ball.
˶ ãֻ㣩
n.ʣ
A vigorous blow with the foot.
ߣŵһ
Sports The thrusting motion of the legs in swimming.
˶ ˮӾʱŽŵĶ
A jolting recoil:
壬һ𶯵ĵأ
a rifle with a heavy kick.
ܴĲǹ
Slang A complaint; a protest.
ٵ Թ
Slang Power; force:
ٵ 
an old engine that still has lots of kick.
кܴľɷ
Slang 
ٵ 
A feeling of pleasurable stimulation:
УһõĴ̼У
got a kick out of the show.
ݳ
kicks Fun:
 kicks Ȥ
Let's go to the show just for kicks.
ȥݳһ°
Slang Temporary, often obsessive interest:
ٵ һʱİãʱģͨǹֵȤ
I'm on a science fiction kick.
ԿƻС˵һʱȤ
Slang A sudden, striking surprise; a twist.
ٵ ⷢչͻȻġ˵ı仯벻ת
Sports 
˶ 
The act or an instance of kicking a ball.
Ķ
A kicked ball.
߳
The distance spanned by a kicked ball.
߳ľ
?
kick around ʽ
To treat badly; abuse.
Ű
To move from place to place:
ε
spent the next three years in Italy, kicking around the country on a motor scooter(Charles E. Claffey)
СĦгε(˹E.)
To give consideration or thought to (an idea).
ǣԣһ뷨迼
kick back
To recoil unexpectedly and violently.
ͻȻҵص
Slang To return (stolen items).
ٵ ˻
Slang To pay a kickback.
ٵ ؿ
kick in
Informal To contribute (one's share):
ʽ ɸԼӦһ֣
kicked in a few dollars for the office party.
һЩǮ˾ľۻ
Slang To die.
ٵ ȥ
kick off
Sports To begin or resume play with a kickoff.
˶ 򣺿ʼ߿
Informal To begin; start:
ʽ ʼ
kicked off the promotional tour with a press conference for the author.
Լдҿλҵ鼮Ļ
Slang To die.
ٵ ȥ
kick out ٵ
To throw out; dismiss.

kick over
To begin to fire:
ʼ
The engine finally kicked over.

kick up ʽ
To increase in amount or force; intensify:
ǿǿӣǿ
A sandstorm kicked up while we drove through the desert.
ɳĮʻʱɳǿ
To stir up (trouble):
鷳
kicked up a row.

To show signs of disorder:
ë
His ulcer has kicked up again.
ַ
?
kick the bucketٵ
To die.
ȥ
kick the habitٵ
To free oneself of an addiction, as to narcotics or cigarettes.
ʹԼϰ
kick up (one's) heelsʽ
To cast off one's inhibitions and have a good time.
뿪ס
kick upstairsٵ
To promote to a higher yet less desirable position.
ϸߵְλ
?
Middle English kiken 
йӢ kiken 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 

= =
kid
kid
AHD:[k1d] 
D.J.[k!d]
K.K.[k!d]
n.ʣ
A young goat.
Сɽ
The young of a similar animal, such as an antelope.
СȵСƶ
The flesh of a young goat.
Сɽ
Leather made from the skin of a young goat; kidskin.
СɽСɽƤƳɵĸ
An article made from this leather.
СɽƤߣСɽĶ
Informal 
ʽ 
A child.

A young person.

Slang Pal. Used as a term of familiar address, especially for a young person:
ٵ ѣơкˣˣ
Hi, kid! What's up?
ˣ!ʲô?
adj.ݴʣ
Made of kid.
Сɽ
Informal Younger than oneself:
ʽ ׵ģԼģ
my kid brother.
ҵĵܵ
v.ʣ
kid.ded,kid.ding,kids 
v.tr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To mock playfully; tease.See Synonyms at banter 
ЦȡЦμ banter
To deceive in fun; fool.
ƭϷŪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Informal To engage in teasing or good-humored fooling.
ʽ ȡЦˣƭĳ
To bear young. Used of a goat or an antelope.
̣ӣɽ
?
Middle English kide 
йӢ kide 
from Old Norse kidh 
Դ ˹ά kidh 
?
kidder
n.ʣ
kiddingly
adv.ʣ
?
Kid
Kid
AHD:[k1d] Thomas 
D.J.[k!d]
K.K.[k!d]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Thomas Kyd 
μ  ˹ Kyd

= =
kidney
kid.ney
AHD:[k1dn?] 
D.J.[6k!dni8]
K.K.[6k!dni]
n.ʣ
 kid.neys 
Anatomy Either one of a pair of organs in the dorsal region of the vertebrate abdominal cavity, functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base 
concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine.
ѧ ࣺλڼ׵ǻһһ٣Ǳˮ͵ƽ⣬Ũȣ˴леѪҺȻʽų
The kidney of certain animals, eaten as food.
ӣʳõĳЩ
An excretory organ of certain invertebrates.
ĳЩ޼׵й
Kind; sort.
ͣƷ
?
Middle English kidenere, kidenei 
йӢ kidenere, kidenei 
perhaps from Old English *cyden?a 
Դ Ӣ *cyden?a 
*cyde [belly] 
*cyde [] 
*n?a [kidney] 
*n?a [] 

= =
kill
kill 1
AHD:[k1l] 
D.J.[k!l]
K.K.[k!l]
v.ʣ
killed,kill.ing,kills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put to death.
ɱ
To deprive of life:
ȥ
The Black Death was a disease that killed millions.
һֶȡǧļ
To put an end to; extinguish.
ֹ
To destroy a vitally essential quality in:
ƻݻ˼ҪĻ
Too much garlic killed the taste of the meat.
̫ƻζ
To cause to cease operating; turn off:
ʹֹͣʹֹͣص
killed the motor.
ص
To tire out completely; exhaust:
˥ߣƣ
The trip to work, and the boredom and nervousness of jobs, kills men(Jimmy Breslin)
ϰķζͽ״̬ʹ˾ƣ(ס˹)
To pass (time) in aimless activity:
ĥĿĻжȹʱ䣩
killed a few hours before the flight by sightseeing.
ڷǰ۹ĥ˼Сʱ
To consume entirely; finish off:
ȹ⣺ȫù⣬Թ⣺
kill a bottle of brandy.
ȹһƿ
To cause extreme pain or discomfort to:
˺ʹʣ
My shoes are killing me.
ҵЬʹ
To mark for deletion; rule out:
ɾȥɾȥ
killed the story.
ɾȥ
To thwart passage of; veto:
ӡͨ
kill a congressional bill.
һ鰸
Informal To overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration:
ʽ ӰǿңѹԻ֡
The outstanding finale killed the audience.
עĿľ˹
Sports 
˶ 
To hit (a ball) with great force.

To hit (a ball) with such force as to make a return impossible, especially in a racquet game.
ɱʹ򲻿ܷأָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cause death or extinction; be fatal.
ɱ
To commit murder.
ıɱ
n.ʣ
The act of killing.
ɱɱΪ
An animal killed, especially in hunting.
ԻɱĶָ
A person killed or to be killed:
ɱߣɱҪɱˣ
Infantrymen . . . had seen too many kills suddenly get up and run away or shoot at them as they approached(Nelson DeMille)
ʿӽʱͻȻվܻ(ɶѷҮ)
An enemy aircraft, vessel, or missile that has been attacked and destroyed.
ͻٻķɻֻ򵼵
Sports A kill shot.
˶ ɱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ɱһʣ
kill range; kill probability.
ɱΧɱ
?
kill off
To destroy in such large numbers as to render extinct.
ɱݻٴɾ
?
in at the kill 
in on the kill
Present at the moment of triumph.
ʤʱڳ
?
Middle English killen 
йӢ killen 
perhaps from Old English *cyllan * see  g wel- 
Դ Ӣ *cyllan *μ g wel- 
?
kill
kill 2
AHD:[k1l] 
D.J.[k!l]
K.K.[k!l]
n.New York State ʣŦԼݡ 
See  creek See Regional Note at olicook See Regional Note at run 
μ  creek μ olicookμ run
?
Dutch kil 
 kil 
from Middle Dutch kille 
Դ йź kille 

= =
kilogram
kil.o.gram
AHD:[k1l-gr2m] 
D.J.[6k!l*7gr#m]
K.K.[6k!l*7gr#m]
n.Abbr. kgʣд kg
The base unit of mass in the International System, equal to 1,000 grams (2.2046 pounds).See table at measurement 
ǧˣĻλ1,000ˣ2.2046μ measurement
Kilogram force.
ǧ

= =
kilometer
kil.o.me.ter
AHD:[k1-l?m1-tr, k1l-m?tr] 
D.J.[k!6lKm!t*, 6k!l*7mi8t*]
K.K.[k!6l$m!t+, 6k!l*7mit+]
n.Abbr. kmʣд km
A metric unit of length equal to 1,000 meters (0.62 mile).See table at measurement 
ǧףƵĳȵλ1,000ף0.62Ӣμ measurement
?
kilometric
AHD:[k1l-mtr1k] ݴʣ

= =
kind
kind 1
AHD:[kond] 
D.J.[ka!nd]
K.K.[ka!nd]
adj.ݴʣ
kind.er,kind.est 
Of a friendly, generous, or warm-hearted nature.
ƵģĵģѺõġĻ
Showing sympathy or understanding; charitable:
ģºͣʾͬģº͵ģ
a kind word.
Ļ
Humane; considerate:
ʴȵģģ
kind to animals.
Զʴ
Forbearing; tolerant:
ݵģ̵ģ
Our neighbor was very kind about the window we broke.
ǵھӶǴƲֵúܿ
Generous; liberal:
ģģ
kind words of praise.
ĵ
Agreeable; beneficial:
õģģ
a dry climate kind to asthmatics.

?
Middle English [natural, kind] 
йӢ [ȻģѺõ] 
from Old English gecynde [natural] * see  gen- 
Դ Ӣ gecynde [Ȼ] *μ gen- 
?
kind,kindly,kindhearted,benign,benevolent
These adjectives apply to persons and their actions and mean having or showing a tender, considerate, and helping nature.
Щݴھлֳеġĺ˵ıԵ˼ǵΪͷʽ
 Kind   andkindly  are the least specific:  
 Kind  kindly ӽ  
is kind to sick patients;
ԲУ
thanked her for her kind letter;
лţ
a kindly gentleman;
ʴȵʿ
Ckindly criticism.

Kindhearted  especially suggests an innately kind disposition: 
Kindhearted  رʾʴȸԣ 
a generous and kindhearted teacher.
ʴȵʦ
Benign  implies gentleness and mildness: 
Benign  ʾźºͣ 
a benign smile;
ŵ΢Ц
benign intentions;
õͼ
a benign ruler of millions.
ʴȵǧ˵ͳߡ
Benevolent   suggests charitableness and a desire to promote the welfare or happiness of others: 
Benevolent  ʾƺϣʹ˵Ҹ֣ 
has a benevolent nature;
пԣ
a benevolent contributor. 
һλƾ 
?
kind
kind 2
AHD:[kond] 
D.J.[ka!nd]
K.K.[ka!nd]
n.ʣ
A group of individuals linked by traits held in common.
֣ࣺͬͬйͬԶϵһĸļ
A particular variety; a sort:
ضࣻ
What kind of soap do you like best?See Synonyms at type 
ϲһַ?μ type
Fundamental, underlying character as a determinant of the class to which a thing belongs; nature or essence.
ʣԣĺ͸ԣһľأԻ
A doubtful or borderline member of a given category:
ƣĳָࣺĲȷĻԾĳԱ
fashioned a kind of shelter; a kind of bluish color.
γһڱΣɫɫ
Archaic Manner.
 ʽ
?
all kinds ofʽ
Plenty of; ample:
ģ㹻ģ
We have all kinds of time to finish the job.
гʱ
in kind
With produce or commodities rather than with money:
ʵòƷƷǮ
pay in kind.
ʵ֧
In the same manner or with an equivalent:
ͬͬķõȼ
returned the slight in kind.
ͬʽ
kind ofʽ
Rather; somewhat:
൱һЩ
I'm kind of hungry.
Щ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gecynd [race, offspring, kind] * see  gen- 
Դ Ӣ gecynd [֣] *μ gen- 
?
The use of the plural demonstrativesthese  and those  with kind  and sort,  as inthese kind  (or sort ) of films,  has been a traditional bugbear of American grammarians. By and 
large,British grammarians have been more tolerant,and the construction can be found in the works of British writers from Pope to Dickens to Churchill.Grammatically, the question boils 
down towhetherkind  and sort  should be treated as head nouns (analogous to species  or variety,  for example) or whether they have become semantically weakened to the status of a 
sort of phrasal quantifierthat functions like an adjective,analogous in some ways tobunch  and number  in expressions such asa bunch of friends, a number of reasons.  Ifkind  and sort  
are unambiguously nouns, one would expect to see only singular demonstratives and singular verbs accompanying them: 
ʽָʾthese  those  kind  sort ÷ these kind  sort  of films Ϊ﷨רҳڸеͷʹ⡣ ܵ˵Ӣ﷨רҶԴ˸̣
һ䷨ṹڴѰصҸ˹𼪶ЩӢҵҵ﷨ϣǣǷkind  sort ӦĴʣ磬 species  variety ƣ 
Ƿϼһʶĵλ书һݴʣĳЩbunch  number  һȺѣһɡ  kind  sort ȷʣ 
Ӧϣָֻʾʺ֮ĵʣ 
This kind of films is popular (compare This species of spider is found only in the New World ). 
ֵӰУ ֻ֩緢ֹ Ƚϣ 
If they are functioning as adjectives, however,the plural demonstrative and plural verb should be acceptable: 
ȻǵĹݴʣôָʾʺ͸ܹܵģ 
These kind of films are popular. 
ֵӰС 
In fact, thekind of  construction can be plausibly analyzed either way, which is doubtless why writers have mixed and matched the number of demonstratives and verbs in just about 
every possible combination.We find reputable precedent forthis kind of films are, these kind of films are, this kind of films is, these kind of films is,  and so on. There are only two 
reliable regularities:when the pluralkinds  is used, the demonstrative and the verb must also be plural: 
ʵϣkind of ṹһʽ һָʾʺͶʵÿһֿܵĽϣÿһֽϵȵԭҵ淶this 
kind of films are, these kind of films are, this kind of films is, these kind of films is ȵȡ ֻֿĹɣkinds ʹʱ ָʾʺͶҲֻǸ 
These (not this ) kinds of films are  (not is ) popular.  
These this  kinds of films are  is  popular  
By the same token,when bothkind  and the noun following it are singular, the verb must be singular: 
ͬԭ򣬵kind ʶǵʱ ʱǵ 
This kind of film is (not are ) popular.  
This kind of film is are  popular  
To this may be added a word of caution to American writers:despite the existence of ample literary precedent forthese kind of films,  the construction has been so thoroughly stigmatized 
by native grammariansthat its use would have to be reckoned indiscreet, if not strictly incorrect.
һҲԸҼһ侯棺дthese kind of films һѧϵڣ һṹѱ﷨רҳ׷񶨵÷ʹΪ
ϸĴҲᱻ

= =
kindness
kind.ness
AHD:[kondn1s] 
D.J.[6ka!ndn!s]
K.K.[6ka!ndn!s]
n.ʣ
The quality or state of being kind.
ʴȣʴȵʻ״̬
An instance of kind behavior:
УʴΪ
I will always remember your many kindnesses to me.
ҽԶסΪĺ

= =
king
king
AHD:[k1ng] 
D.J.[k!0]
K.K.[k!0]
n.ʣ
Abbr. k.,K.A male sovereign.
д k.,K.ͳ
One that is supreme or preeminent in a particular group, category, or sphere.
ĳһضšŻ߻ͻ
King 
 King 
The perfect, omniscient, omnipotent being; God.
ϵۣģ֪ģܵĴڣϵ
Jesus.
Ү
Games 
Ϸ 
A playing card bearing the figure of a king, ranking above a queen.
ϣˣйֽƣ
Abbr. K,k.The principal chess piece, which can move one square in any direction and must be protected against checkmate.
д K,k.Ҫӣκηƶһ񣬵뱣
A piece in checkers that has been moved to the last row on the opponent's side of the board and been crowned, thus becoming free to move both forward and backward.
ƵԷı߽һź󣬳ΪʼɵǰƵ
Kings (used with a sing. verb)Abbr. KBible See table at Bible 
 Kings 뵥ãд Kʥ μ Bible
adj.ݴʣ
Principal or chief, as in size or importance.
ģڹģҪǻĻҪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
kinged,king.ing,kings Ϸ 
To make (a piece in checkers) into a king; crown.
ΪѣһֻӣɹΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cyning * see  gen- 
Դ Ӣ cyning *μ gen- 
?
King
KingBillie Jean Moffitt (Born 1943)
NONE޴ԣ
American tennis player who won 20 titles at Wimbledon (6 singles, 10 women's doubles, and 4 mixed doubles) and 4 U.S. Open championships (1967, 1971, 1972, and 1974).
𣬱Īأ( 1943) ѡ֣²ǻöʮιھ6ε10Ů˫4λ˫򣩺Ĵ򹫿ھ1967197119721974

?
King
KingCoretta Scott (Born 1927)
NONE޴ԣ
American civil rights leader noted for her work on behalf of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial Foundation after the assassination of 
her husband, Martin Luther King, Jr. (1968).
𣬿˹أ( 1927) Ȩ䣬ϲ쵼ɷ·¡ⰵɱ1968꣩·¡Ĺ
?
King
KingErnest Joseph (1878-1956)
NONE޴ԣ
American naval officer who served as chief of naval operations (1942-1945) during World War II.
ŷ˹ءԼɪ(1878-1956) ٣ڶսκս1942-1945꣩
?
King
KingMartin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)
NONE޴ԣ
American cleric whose eloquence and commitment to nonviolent tactics formed the foundation of the civil rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's. Among the many peaceful 
demonstrations he led was the 1963 March on Washington, at which he delivered his I have a dream speech. He won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, four years before he was 
assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
С·£(1929-1968) ʦԷǱԵ۱ŷ205060Ȩ˶γɡ쵼ڶƽʾа1963ʢٽ
ˡһ롱˵1964ŵƽ󱻰ɱݵϷ˹
?
King
KingRichard (1825-1885)
NONE޴ԣ
American steamboat captain and rancher whose 600,000-acre ranch in Texas was the largest in the United States.
£(1825-1885) ִʹڵÿ˹ݵ600,000ӢĶȫ
?
King
KingRufus (1755-1827)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician and diplomat. A member of the Continental Congress (1784-1787) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he served as ambassador to Great Britain (1796-1803 
and 1825-1826).
³˹(1755-1827) μҺ⽻ҡδ½1784-1787ܻ꣩1787꣩פеߴʹ1796-18031825-1826꣩
?
King
KingWilliam Lyon Mackenzie (1874-1950)
NONE޴ԣ
Canadian politician who three times served as prime minister (1921-1926, 1926-1930, and 1935-1948).
(1874-1950) ôμҡ1921-19261926-19301935-1948꣩
?
King
KingWilliam Rufus de Vane (1786-1853)
NONE޴ԣ
Vice President of the United States (1853) under Franklin Pierce. He died in office.
³˹¡ݣ(1786-1853) ֡Ƥ˹µͳ1953꣩ڼȥ

= =
kingdom
king.dom
AHD:[k1ngdm] 
D.J.[6k!0d*m]
K.K.[6k!0d*m]
n.ʣ
A political or territorial unit ruled by a sovereign.
һԪͳελλ
The eternal spiritual sovereignty of God or Christ.
ϵۻľͳ
The realm of this sovereignty.
ͳε
A realm or sphere in which one thing is dominant:
ĳռƵΧ
the kingdom of the imagination.

One of the three main divisions (animal, vegetable, and mineral) into which natural organisms and objects are classified.
磺Ȼ屻Ҫֽ磨ֲͿ֮һ
The highest taxonomic classification into which organisms are grouped, based on fundamental similarities and common ancestry. One widely accepted taxonomic system designates 
five such classifications: animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protoctists.See table at taxonomy 
磺Իƺ͹ͬΪ߼ķ෽һֱ㷺õķѧϵͳʾΪ𣬶ֲԭ˺ԭμ 
taxonomy
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cyningd?m 
Դ Ӣ cyningd?m 
cyning [king] * see  king 
cyning [] *μ king
-d?m [-dom] 
-d?m [׺ϽΧ] 

= =
kiss
kiss
AHD:[k1s] 
D.J.[k!s]
K.K.[k!s]
v.ʣ
kissed,kiss.ing,kiss.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To touch or caress with the lips as an expression of affection, greeting, respect, or amorousness.
ǣ촽ӴԱȰӭ𾴻鰮
To touch lightly or gently:
ػش
flowers that were kissed by dew.
¶ˮĻ
To strike lightly; brush against:
΢ײײ
barely kissed the other car with the bumper.
ոǿһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in mutual touching or caressing with the lips.
ǣͬ촽Ӵ
To come into light contact.
ᴥشһ
n.ʣ
A caress or touch with the lips.
ǣ촽ĸӴ
A slight or gentle touch.
ᴥ΢ĻĴ
A small piece of candy, especially of chocolate.
СǹСǹָɿ
A drop cookie made of egg whites and sugar.
αɣõ׺ɵС
?
kiss off ٵ
To dismiss or reject.
ͣ
To be forced to give up or regard as lost:
ȷȷʧܣ
He can kiss off that promotion.
ȷǴ
To leave or disappear from notice:
رܣҰ뿪ʧ
got bad press by telling the reporters to kiss off.
Ϊü߻رܶصѹ
?
kiss ass ٵ
To act submissively or obsequiously in order to gain favor.
УƨΪ˻ȡøжװ˳ӵĻе
kiss good-bye
Informal To be forced to regard as lost, ruined, or hopeless:
ʽ ȳʧܡ
She can kiss her vacation plans good-bye.
ֻܷļڼƻ
?
Middle English kissen 
йӢ kissen 
from Old English cyssan 
Դ Ӣ cyssan 
?
kissable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
kit
kit 1
AHD:[k1t] 
D.J.[k!t]
K.K.[k!t]
n.ʣ
A set of articles or implements used for a specific purpose:
׹ߣضĿĵĳƷ򹤾ߣ
a survival kit; a shaving kit.
þ
A container for such a set.
߰๤ߵ
A set of parts or materials to be assembled:
ȫԪװһԪϣ
a model airplane kit.
ɻģȫԪ
A packaged set of related materials:
ײϣװõһصĲϣ
a sales kit.
۵ĳײ
A collection of clothing and other personal effects used for travel.
װõ·˲Ʋ
A container, such as a bag, valise, or knapsack, for storing or holding such a collection.
װװд򱳰
?
the (whole) kit and caboodleʽ
The entire collection or lot.
ȫˣ
?
Middle English kitte [wooden tub] 
йӢ kitte [ľͰ] 
probably from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
kit
kit 2
AHD:[k1t] 
D.J.[k!t]
K.K.[k!t]
n.ʣ
A kitten.
Сè
A young, often undersized fur-bearing animal.
ޣСģΪС͵ëƤ
?
Short for kitten 
 kittenļд
?
kit
kit 3
AHD:[k1t] 
D.J.[k!t]
K.K.[k!t]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
A tiny, narrow violin used by dancing masters in the 17th and 18th centuries.
٣1718赸ʦõСխС
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
kitchen
kitch.en
AHD:[k1chn] 
D.J.[6k!t.*n]
K.K.[6k!t.*n]
n.ʣ
A room or an area equipped for preparing and cooking food.
׼ʳ豸ķһ
A style of cooking; cuisine:
⿷ķ⿷
a restaurant with a fine French kitchen.
кõķʽ⿷ķ
A staff that prepares, cooks, and serves food.
ʦ׼͹ӦʳԱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
kitchen appliances; kitchen help.
þߣ
?
Middle English kichene 
йӢ kichene 
from Old English cycene 
Դ Ӣ cycene 
probably from Vulgar Latin *cocoa 
Դ  *cocoa 
from Late Latin coquoa 
Դ  coquoa 
from feminine of Latin coquos [of cooking] 
Դ  coquo [] 
from coquus [cook] 
Դ coquus [] 
from coquere [to cook] * see  pek w- 
Դ coquere [] *μ pek w- 

= =
kite
kite
AHD:[kot] 
D.J.[ka!t]
K.K.[ka!t]
n.ʣ
A light framework covered with cloth, plastic, or paper, designed to be flown in the wind at the end of a long string.
ݣòϻֽǵʹܣϵڳβˣΪڷƮ
Nautical Any of the light sails of a ship that are used only in a light wind.
 ݷֻ΢ʹõ͵Ĵ
Any of various predatory birds of the hawk family Accipitridae, having a long, often forked tail and long pointed wings.
ӥӥƵĸʳ֮һгģΪ״βͳ
A piece of negotiable paper representing a fictitious financial transaction and used temporarily to sustain credit or raise money.
ͷ֧Ʊ鹹Ľڽ׵ĿתƱݣʱάŴＯǮ
A bank check drawn on insufficient funds to take advantage of the time interval required for collection.
ͨƱݣóҪʱʽ֧Ʊ
A bank check that has been fraudulently altered to show a larger amount.
ƭԵظΪ֧Ʊ
v.ʣ
kit.ed,kit.ing,kites 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fly like a kite; soar or glide.
ݰƮƮ
To get money or credit with a kite.
ʹÿͷ֧ƱǮŴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use (a bad check) to sustain credit or raise money.
ãͷ֧ƱȡŴǮ
To increase the amount of (a check) fraudulently.
Ϳģ֧ƱƭԵӣ֧Ʊģ
?
Middle English [bird of prey] 
йӢ [ʳ] 
from Old English cta 
Դ Ӣ cta 

= =
knee
knee
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[ni8]
K.K.[ni]
n.ʣ
Anatomy The joint between the thigh and the lower leg, formed by the articulation of the femur and the tibia and covered anteriorly by the patella.
ѧ ϥؽڣȺС֮ĹؽڣɹɹǺֹǵĹؽںǰ渲ǵϥǹǹ
The region of the leg that encloses and supports this joint.
ϥΧ֧ϥؽڵȵĲ
An analogous joint or part of a leg of a quadruped vertebrate.
ϥ㼹׵ƵĹؽڻȵһ
Something resembling the human knee, such as a bent piece of pipe.
ϥ״˵ϥؽڵĶӵ
The part of a garment, as of trousers, that covers the knee.
ϥסϥؽڵ·ӣһ
An abrupt woody projection arising from the roots of some swamp-growing trees:
ϥĳЩľĸͻȻľ͹
cypress knees.
ذظϥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
kneed,knee.ing,knees 
To strike with the knee.
ϥײ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cn?o * see  genu- 1
Դ Ӣ cn?o *μ genu- 1

= =
kneel
kneel
AHD:[n?l] 
D.J.[ni8l]
K.K.[nil]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
knelt[nlt]   kneeled kneel.ing,kneels 
To go down or rest on one or both knees.
ϥ¹ʹϥ˫ϥ»ŵ
?
Middle English knelen 
йӢ knelen 
from Old English cn?n * see  genu- 1
Դ Ӣ cn?n *μ genu- 1

= =
knife
knife
AHD:[nof] 
D.J.[na!f]
K.K.[na!f]
n.ʣ
 knives[novz]  
A cutting instrument consisting of a sharp blade attached to a handle.
бСһڱϵķƬɵи
A cutting edge; a blade.
У
v.ʣ
knifed,knif.ing,knifes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use a knife on, especially to stab; wound with a knife.
õиõˣõָˣõŪ
Informal To betray or attempt to defeat by underhand means.
ʽ ѣݺòʵֶγͼսʤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cut or slash a way through something with or as if with a knife:
иõõһ
The boat knifed through the waves.
ֻǰ
?
under the knifeʽ
Undergoing surgery.

?
Middle English knif 
йӢ knif 
from Old English cnof 
Դ Ӣ cnof 
from Old Norse knor 
Դ ˹ά knor 
?
knifer
n.ʣ

= =
knit
knit
AHD:[n1t] 
D.J.[n!t]
K.K.[n!t]
v.ʣ
knit  knit.ted knit.ting,knits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine.
֯ͨɴ߲һĻֹ֯֯·
To form (yarn or thread) into fabric by intertwining.
᣺ͨѣɴߣ֯֯
To join closely; unite securely.
ʹι̵
To draw (the brows) together in wrinkles; furrow.
壨üսüë״ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a fabric or garment by knitting.
֯ñ֯ķ֯·
To become securely joined or mended together closely, as a fractured bone.
ӺϣܵһܵϣѵĹͷ
To come together in wrinkles or furrows, as the brows.
壨üս״ƣͷ
n.ʣ
A fabric or garment made by knitting.
֯ɱ֯Ƴɵ֯·
The way in which a fabric has been knit:
֯ѱ֯õ֯֯ķ
a loose knit.
ɵ֯
?
Middle English knitten [to tie in a knot] 
йӢ knitten [ϵһ] 
from Old English cnyttan 
Դ Ӣ cnyttan 
?
knitter
n.ʣ

= =
knob
knob
AHD:[n?b] 
D.J.[nKb]
K.K.[n$b]
n.ʣ
A rounded protuberance.
Բ飬ţԲͻ
A rounded handle, as on a drawer or door.
Բΰ֣ϵ
A rounded control switch or dial.
ťԲεĿƿػԲ
A prominent rounded hill or mountain.
ԲСɽͻԲɽ
?
Middle English knobbe 
йӢ knobbe 
?
knobbed
AHD:[n?bd] ݴʣ
knobby
adj.ݴʣ

= =
knock
knock
AHD:[n?k] 
D.J.[nKk]
K.K.[n$k]
v.ʣ
knocked,knock.ing,knocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with a hard blow.
һ
To affect in a specified way by striking hard:
ͨػĳضЧ
knocked the attacker senseless.
Ϯߴ
To cause to collide:
ʹײ
I knocked my head on a low beam.
ҵͷײһ
To produce by hitting or striking:
óͨ
knocked a hole in the wall.
ǽóһ
To instill with or as if with blows:
䣺ͨע룬ƻķʽע룺
We tried to knock some sense into his head.
Ÿһ㳣ʶ
Slang To find fault with; criticize:
ٵ Ҵ
Don't knock the food; it's free.
ʳˣѵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike a sharp, audible blow or series of blows, as on a door.
ûٶܱһλû
To collide with something:
ĳײ
knocked into the table.
ײ
To make a pounding or clanking noise:
ײ
The car engine is knocking.

n.ʣ
An instance of striking or colliding; a blow.
ûײײû
The sound of a sharp tap on a hard surface; a rap.
ûڼӲıϵļûû
A pounding or clanking noise made by an engine, often as a result of faulty fuel combustion.Also called  ping 
𶯻ײͨȼȼղҲ  ping
Slang A cutting, often petty criticism.
ٵ ̶
?
knock around  
knock about
To be rough or brutal with; maltreat.
Ű̵ֱضԴŰ
To wander from place to place:
һطεһط
knocking around Europe.
ŷ
Informal To discuss or consider:
ʽ ۣ˼
met to knock around some ideas.
һһЩ
knock back ʽ
To gulp (an alcoholic drink).
£ƾϣ
knock down
To bring to the ground with a blow; topple.
ڵأһڵأʹ
To disassemble into parts, as for storage or shipping.
жΪ˴ػжɼ
To declare sold at an auction, as by striking a blow with a gavel.
ľû
Informal To reduce, as in price:
ʽ ۸ȣ
knocked all the radios down 20 percent.
е۰ٷ֮ʮ
Slang To receive as wages; earn:
ٵ յʣ׬
knocks down $50 an hour.
ÿСʱ50Ԫ
knock off
Informal 
ʽ 
To take a break or rest from; stop:
ͣϢֹͣ
knocked off work at noon.
ͣ
To cease work:
ֹͣ
It's after five; let's knock off.
Ѿˣ°
Informal To complete, accomplish, or dispose of hastily or easily; finish:
ʽ ִдϯɣִٻ׵ɡ
That author knocks off a book a year.
λһڲִⱾ
Informal To get rid of; eliminate:
ʽ 
knocked off 12 pounds in a month.
һؼ12
Slang To kill or overcome.
ٵ ɱսʤ
Slang To hold up or rob:
ٵ ǹ٣·٣
knocked off a bank.

Informal To copy or imitate, especially without permission:
ʽ ӡӡģ£ָδ£
knocking off someone else's ideas.
Ϯ˵Ĺ
knock out
To render unconscious.
ʹԲ
Sports To defeat (a boxing opponent) by a knockout.
˶ ֣ͨԷܣȭеĶ֣
To render useless or inoperative:
ʹãʹʧȥЧܣ
The storm knocked out the telephones.
籩ʹ绰ж
Informal To exert or exhaust (oneself or another) to the utmost:
ʽ ľ̶ȵŬþԼ˵ģ
knocked herself out to be ready on time.
Ϊ˼ʱ׼߾ȫ
knock together
To make or assemble quickly or carelessly.
ִɣִֵܿƴ
knock up
Slang To make pregnant.
ٵ ʹ
Chiefly British To wake up or summon, as by knocking at the door.
Ӣ Žѻٻ
Chiefly British To wear out; exhaust.
Ӣ þƣ
?
have it knockedٵ
To be certain of success:
ȷܳɹ
He knew he had it knocked after he saw a rough cut ofChinatown  (Time)
ڿ˽ ĴҶ֪ԼѾɹˡ (ʱ)
knock cold
To render unconscious; knock out.
ʹԣ
knock dead
To kill with a blow.
һȭ
Slang To affect strongly and positively:
ٵ ǿҶ϶Ӱ죺
an amazing performance that knocked the audience dead.
һʹΪ֮㵹ľݳ
knock for a loopٵ
To surprise tremendously; astonish.
ʹǳԾʹ
knock it offٵ
Quit it. Used in the imperative:
ˡʹ䣺
Knock it off! I'm trying to sleep.
ˣҪ˯
knock out of the box
To force the removal of (an opposing pitcher) by heavy hitting.
Ͷ֣һٻʹԷͶ֣
knock the socks off 
knock someone's socks off ٵ
To overwhelm or amaze.
ʹ֪룬ʹԾ
?
Middle English knokken 
йӢ knokken 
from Old English cnocian 
Դ Ӣ cnocian 

= =
knot
knot 1
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[nKt]
K.K.[n$t]
n.ʣ
A compact intersection of interlaced material, such as cord, ribbon, or rope.
᣺ϸȲϽ֯γɵĽ
A fastening made by tying together lengths of material, such as rope, in a prescribed way.
᣺һԤķѼβϣϵ
A decorative bow of ribbon, fabric, or braid.
᣺öд֯򷢴ɵװԵĽ
A unifying bond, especially a marriage bond.
ϣһŦָŦ
A tight cluster of persons or things:
Ⱥ˻Ľܼϣ
a knot of onlookers.
һȺԹ
A feeling of tightness:
ŸУ
a knot of fear in my stomach.
еĿ־
A complex problem.
ӵ
A hard place or lump, especially on a tree, at a point from which a stem or branch grows.
ľڣϼӲλû飬֦Ӵ˴
The round, often darker cross section of such a lump as it appears on a piece of cut lumber.Also called  node 
ڰ̣ͻĺ棬ԲΣΧĵطҪڣиõľҲ  node
A protuberant growth or swelling in a tissue:
һ֯͹׿飺
a knot in a gland.

A division on a log line used to measure the speed of a ship.
᣺ٵļϵһ
Abbr. kn.,kt.A unit of speed, one nautical mile per hour, approximately 1.85 kilometers (1.15 statute miles) per hour.
д kn.,kt.ڣһٶȵλÿСʱ1ԼÿСʱ1.851.5
A distance of one nautical mile.
һľ
v.ʣ
knot.ted,knot.ting,knots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tie in or fasten with a knot or knots.
᣺һϵ
To snarl or entangle.
ʹ
To cause to form a knot or knots.
ʹһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a knot or knots.
һ
To become snarled or entangled.
򱻾
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English cnotta 
Դ Ӣ cnotta 
?
In nautical usageknot  is a unit of speed, not of distance,and has a built-in meaning of per hour.Therefore, a ship would strictly be said to travel at ten knots (not ten knots per hour).
ںУknot һٶȵλ һ볤ȵλʱͺСÿСʱ˼ϸ˵ӦǣһҴ10ڵٶȺУÿСʱ10ڣ
?
knot
knot 2
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[nKt]
K.K.[n$t]
n.ʣ
Either of two migratory sandpipers(Calidris canutus  or C. tenuirostris)  that breed in Arctic regions. 
츹֣ڱֳǨֵһ֣츹  ֣  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 

= =
know
know
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[n*&]
K.K.[no]
v.ʣ
knew[n?, ny?] known[n?n] know.ing,knows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive directly; grasp in the mind with clarity or certainty.
ֱͨӵ⣻ȷ
To regard as true beyond doubt:
ȷţΪΪȷʵģ޿ɻɵģ
I know she won't fail.
ȷ
To have a practical understanding of, as through experience; be skilled in:
˽⣬óͨԡʵϵ˽⣻ĳ£
knows how to cook.
ó
To have fixed in the mind:
μǣӡ
knows her Latin verbs.
ס
To have experience of:

a black stubble that had known no razor(William Faulkner)
ܾûιĺں硱()
To perceive as familiar; recognize:
ϵãȥϤʶ
I know that face.
ʶǸ
To be acquainted with:
롭Ϥ
He doesn't know his neighbors.
ھӲ
To be able to distinguish; recognize as distinct:
ܹ֣ҳͬ㣺
knows right from wrong.
Դ
To discern the character or nature of:
ʶʣ
knew him for a liar.
Ǹƭ
Archaic To have sexual intercourse with.
 롭Թϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To possess knowledge, understanding, or information.
ӵ֪ʶϢ
To be cognizant or aware.
֪
?
in the knowʽ
Possessing special or secret information.
֪ģϢͨģرܵϢ
you knowʽ
Used parenthetically in conversation, as to fill pauses or educe the listener's agreement or sympathy:
֪Ҫ̸֪ͣٻȡߵͬͬ
Please try to be, you know, a little quieter. How were we supposed to make camp in a storm like that, you know?
㾡һ㡣֪ıôӪ?
?
Middle English knowen 
йӢ knowen 
from Old English cn3n * see  gn?- 
Դ Ӣ cn3n *μ gn?- 
?
knowable
adj.ݴʣ
knower
n.ʣ

= =
knowledge
knowl.edge
AHD:[n?l1j] 
D.J.[6nKl!d9]
K.K.[6n$l!d9]
n.ʣ
The state or fact of knowing.
֪֪״̬ʵ
Familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study.
֪֪ͨѧϰĳϤʶ
The sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.
֪ʶ⡢֪֡ܺͻΧ
Learning; erudition:
ѧʣѧ
teachers of great knowledge.
ѧʦ
Specific information about something.
ϢĳһרŵϢ
Carnal knowledge.
Խ
?
Middle English knowlech 
йӢ knowlech 
knowen [to know] * see  know 
knowen [˽] *μ know
-leche [n. suff] 
-leche [ʺ׺] 
?
knowledge,information,learning,erudition,lore,scholarship
These nouns refer to what is known,as by having been acquired through study or experience.
ЩʶָѾ˽Ķͨѧϰõġ
 Knowledge  is the broadest;it includes facts and ideas, understanding, and the totality of what is known: 
 Knowledge  㣻ʵ˼֪壺 
A knowledge of Greek thought and life, and of the arts in which the Greeks expressed their thought and sentiment, is essential to high culture (Charles Eliot Norton). 
ϣ˼ʽϣԱǵ˼͸⣬ĻǷǳҪġ ˹ءŵ٣ 
Science is organized knowledge (Herbert Spencer).
ѧǱ֪֯ʶ ղء˹
 Information  is usually construed as being narrower in scope thanknowledge ; it often implies a collection of facts and data: 
 Information  ʣһΪָķΧҪknowledge խ ָʵݵܺͣ 
Obviously, a man's judgment cannot be better than the information on which he has based it (Arthur Hays Sulzberger).
Ȼһ˵жϲܳԽΪжϻϢ ɪ˹Ĳ񣩡
 Learning  usually refers to knowledge that is gained by schooling and study: 
 Learning  ָͨͨѧоõ֪ʶ 
Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence (Abigail Adams).
ѧʲģȥ׷Ŭȥá ȸǶǵ˹
 Erudition  implies profound knowledge,often in a specialized area: 
 Erudition  ʾµ֪ʶͨط 
Some have criticized his poetry as elitist, unnecessarily impervious to readers who do not share his erudition (Elizabeth Kastor).
ʫǾӢʫ裬Щûѧʶ˸ȫûбҪ ɯס˹أ
 Lore  is usually applied to knowledge about a particular subject that is gained through tradition or anecdote: 
 Lore  ָͨͨ˵ŻõĹĳһרŷ֪ʶ 
Early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend.
Ŵͨ˵֪Ĺڶֲ֪ʶ
Scholarship  is the knowledge of a scholarwhose mastery of a particular area of learning is reflected in the scope, thoroughness, and quality of his or her work: 
Scholarship  ָһѧߵ֪ʶĳһרŵѧҰȺеõӳ 
a book that gives ample evidence of the author's scholarship. 
һʾѧˮƽ 

= =
lab
lab
AHD:[l2b] 
D.J.[l#b]
K.K.[l#b]
n.ʣ
A laboratory.
ʵ

= =
label
la.bel
AHD:[l3bl] 
D.J.[6le!b*l]
K.K.[6leb*l]
n.ʣ
An item that functions as a means of identification, especially a small piece of paper or cloth attached to an article to designate its origin, owner, contents, use, or destination.
ǩ֤ĶָĳڱԴߡݡ;ĿĵصһСƬֽ
A descriptive term; an epithet.
ʣһԵĴº
A distinctive name or trademark identifying a product or manufacturer, especially a recording company.
ƷıǣһƷ򳧼ݵẔָ̇꣬Ƭ˾̱
Computer Science A symbol or set of symbols identifying the contents of a file, memory, tape, or record.
ѧ ǣǩڱļ洢Ŵ¼ݵһһϵз
Architecture A molding over a door or window; a dripstone.
ѧ Ż򴰻߽ţˮʯ
Heraldry A figure in a field consisting of a narrow horizontal bar with several pendants.
ѧ µΣ¶ΣһˮƽĺһЩ
Chemistry See  tracer 
ѧ μ  tracer 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
la.beled  la.belled la.bel.ing  la.bel.ling la.bels  la.bels  
To attach a label to.
ǩ
To identify or designate with a label; describe or classify:
ѡ࣬ñǩֱࣺ
labeled them Yuppies.See Synonyms at mark 1
ǳΪƤʿμ mark1
Chemistry To add a tracer to (a compound).
ѧ ʹʾ٣һʾټ
?
Middle English [ornamental strip of cloth] 
йӢ [װԵĲ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[probably of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
labeler  
labeller
n.ʣ

= =
laboratory
lab.o.ra.to.ry
AHD:[l2br-t?r?, -t?r?] 
D.J.[6l#br*7t%8ri8, -7t*&ri8]
K.K.[6l#br*7t%ri, -7tori]
n.ʣ
 lab.o.ra.to.ries 
A room or building equipped for scientific experimentation or research.
ʵңڿѧʵоķݻ
An academic period devoted to work or study in such a place.
ʵΣĵطйоѧռ
A place where drugs and chemicals are manufactured.
ҩҩƷͻѧʵĵط
A place for practice, observation, or testing.
Ե㣺ϰ۲Եĳ
?
Medieval Latin lab?3t?rium} 
 lab?3t?rium} 
from Latin lab?3re} [to labor] 
Դ  lab?3re} [Ͷ] 
from labor [labor] 
Դ labor [] 

= =
labour
la.bour
AHD:[l3br] 
D.J.[6le!b*]
K.K.[6leb+]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
adj.Chiefly British ݴʣӢ 
Variant of labor 
 laborı

= =
lace
lace
AHD:[l3s] 
D.J.[le!s]
K.K.[les]
n.ʣ
A cord or ribbon used to draw and tie together two opposite edges, as of a shoe.
ϵԵϵһӻӣϵЬ
A delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern.
֯ɴ֯ɵͼľ֯
Gold or silver braid ornamenting an officer's uniform.
δװιԱƷĽĻı֯
v.ʣ
laced,lac.ing,lac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To thread a cord through the eyelets or around the hooks of.
ͨۻΧŹ״ﴩ
To draw together and tie the laces of.
ϵһ𲢰ϵ
To restrain or constrict by tightening laces, especially of a corset.
ϵϵ̶ָŮĽ
To pull or pass through; intertwine:
֯ʹͨ֯ϣ
lace garlands through a trellis.
ڸӼϱ֯
To trim or decorate with or as if with lace.
װ׺ߣûûװλ׺
To add a touch of liquor to:
Ҿڣ
laced the eggnog with rum and brandy.
ķƺͰؼӵ
To add a touch of flavor or a dash of zest to, so as to make more effective, for example:
룺һ˿ϲһ飬Ŀʹ֮ΪЧ磺
Quacks now lace their pitch with scientific terms that may sound authentic to the uninformed(Jane E. Brody)
ӹҽ̯ϼϿѧۣʹǵͳԡ(E.޵)
To streak with color.
ɫ
To give a beating to; thrash:
Ϯ
laced his opponent in the second round.
ڵڶغлĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be fastened or tied with laces or a lace.
ϵϵ򻨱̶
?
lace into ʽ
To attack; assail:
ָ
laced into me for arriving so late.
ҵĳٵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French las [noose, string] 
Դ ŷ las [] 
from Vulgar Latin *laceum 
Դ  *laceum 
from Latin laqueus [noose] ; akin to  probably akin to lacere [to entice, ensnare] 
Դ  laqueus []    lacere [ջ] 
?
laceless
adj.ݴʣ
lacer
n.ʣ

= =
lack
lack
AHD:[l2k] 
D.J.[l#k]
K.K.[l#k]
n.ʣ
A deficiency or an absence:
ȱûУ
a lack of money.
ȱǮ
Something needed or wanted.
ǷȱȱѰĳ
v.ʣ
lacked,lack.ing,lacks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be entirely without or have very little of.
ȱûлһ
To be in need of.
Ҫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be wanting or deficient:
ȱѷ״̬
You will not be lacking in support from me.
㽫õҵİ
To be in need of something:
ҪҪĳ
I lacked for nothing.
ҲҪκζ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
perhaps from Middle Dutch lac [deficiency, fault] 
Դ йź lac [ȱȱ] 
?
lack,want,need
These verbs mean to be without something,especially something that is necessary or desirable.
Щʵ˼ûĳָǱĻǺϺҪġ
 Lack  emphasizes the absence of the thing in question or the inadequacy of its supply: 
 Lack  ǿıƷȱ乩ӦĲ㣺 
She lacks the money to buy new shoes.
ûǮЬ
The plant died because it lacked moisture.
ֲΪȱˮֶ
What he lacks in courage he compensates for in bravado.
ֲԼѷ
Want   andneed  stress the urgent necessity for filling a void or remedying an inadequacy:  
Want  need ǿհ׻ֲԣ  
Her pens were uniformly bad and wanted fixing (Bret Harte). 
ĸֱʶˣҪ ءأ 
I need help.
Ҫ
The garden needs care.
԰Ҫչܡ
Only when he has ceased to need things can a man truly be his own master and so really exist (Anwar el-Sadat).
ֻеһ˲ѲѵضʱſܳΪԼ˲˶ʵشڡ ߶أ
?
As an intransitive verbin the sense to be wanting or deficient,lack  is used chiefly in the present participle with in: 
Ϊһﶯʣڡȱȱ١֮lack Ҫ inһڷִУ 
You will not be lacking in support from me. 
õҵİ 
In the sense to be in need of somethingit is often used withfor: 
˼ǡҪĳʱforã 
In the terrible, beautiful age of my prime,/I lacked for sweet linen but never for time (E.B. White).
ҿ¶׳УҪ鲼ʱ䡱 EBأ

= =
ladder
lad.der
AHD:[l2dr] 
D.J.[6l#d*]
K.K.[6l#d+]
n.ʣ
An often portable structure consisting of two long sides crossed by parallel rungs, used to climb up and down.
ӣһͨǿƶĽṹɳߺƽеݼɣ
Something that resembles this device, especially a run in a stocking.
˿һЩװƵĶָͲĳ˿
A means of ascent and descent:
ϻµķʽ
ascending the social ladder.
Ľ
A series of ranked stages or levels:
һϵеȼˮƽ
high on the executive ladder.
߲
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lad.dered,lad.der.ing,lad.ders 
To run, as a stocking does.
Ͳһ˿
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hl?r * see  klei- 
Դ Ӣ hl?r *μ klei- 

= =
lady
la.dy
AHD:[l3d?] 
D.J.[6le!di8]
K.K.[6ledi]
n.ʣ
 la.dies 
A well-mannered and considerate woman with high standards of proper behavior.
ŮĶšܵҾֹΪ׼ܸߵŮ
A woman regarded as proper and virtuous.
ŮԣΪͳĺееŮ
A well-behaved young girl.
нŮֹŵŮ
A woman who is the head of a household.
ŮˣΪǼͥԵŮ
A woman, especially when spoken of or to in a polite way.
ŮԵƣָЩ̸֮òĸŮ
A woman to whom a man is romantically attached.
鸾ϵĸŮ
Informal A wife.
ʽ 
Lady Chiefly British A general feminine title of nobility and other rank, specifically:
 Lady Ӣ ŮѫײŮͷεܳƣָ
Used as the title for the wife or widow of a knight or baronet.
ʿ֮޵ƣʿ׼о˻Ѹĳν
Used as a form of address for a marchioness, countess, viscountess, baroness, or baronetess.
йλ֮󸾵ƣƺŮŮŮӾоŮ׼о
Used as a form of address for the wife or widow of a baron.
о֮޵ƣƺо˻Ѹ
Used as a courtesy title for the daughter of a duke, a marquis, or an earl.
򲮾֮Ůƣڳƺ򲮾Ůò
Used as a courtesy title for the wife of a younger son of a duke or marquis.
ϱڳƺСӵӵò
The Virgin Mary. Often used withOur.  
ʥĸǡour  
Slang Cocaine.
ٵ ɿ
?
Middle English [mistress of a household] 
йӢ [еŮ] 
from Old English hl?e * see  dheigh- 
Դ Ӣ hl?e *μ dheigh- 
?
Lady,  a social term, is properly used as a parallel togentleman  in order to emphasize norms expected in civil society or in situations requiring civil courtesies:  
Ůʿ ν  ԳƣĿǿҪĹػҪڵĳӦеĹأ  
She is too much of a lady to tell your secrets to her friends.
һͳŮʿὫй¶ѵġ
I believe the lady in front of the cheese counter was here before me. 
վҹ̨ǰŮʿǸղվҸǰǸ 
Used attributively together with the name of an occupational role,as inlady doctor,  the word is widely regarded as condescendingbecause of its implication that the usual person in that 
role is a man.When the gender of the referent is relevant,the preferred term iswoman.  
ְҵɫǰʱŮҽ  ձΪǴԱģΪʾְҵɫİͨӦԡΪʹᵽԱʾǡǸϲ
woman  

= =
lag
lag 1
AHD:[l2g] 
D.J.[l#g]
K.K.[l#g]
v.ʣ
lagged,lag.ging,lags 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fail to keep up a pace; straggle.
ϣ
To proceed or develop with comparative slowness:
ĽУԽٶнչ
The electric current lags behind the voltage.
λСڵѹ
To fail, weaken, or slacken gradually; flag.
𽥼˥˻ҡ
Games To determine the order of play in billiards by successively hitting the cue ball against the end rail, the ball rebounding closest to the head rail indicating the player to shoot first.
Ϸ ԻĸķʽȺһ־̨˳ķڳɹػĸױ߲ʹ̨ױϵغߵĻΪȻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to hang back or fall behind.
ڣʹηǰ
To shoot, throw, or pitch (a coin, for example) at a mark.
ͶһĿӻͶӲҵȣ
n.ʣ
The act, process, or condition of lagging.
Ķ̻״
One that lags.

A condition of slowness or retardation.
ͻ
The extent or duration of lagging:
ͻĳʱ̶ȣ
He wondered darkly at how great a lag there was between his thinking and his actions(Thomas Wolfe)
Լ˼ж˴Ĳࡱ(˹ֶ)
An interval between events or phenomena considered together.
ʱ䣺ڱΪ¼֮ļ
?
From earlier lag [last person] 
ԴԽ lag [һ] 
from Middle English lag- [last] 
Դ йӢ lag- [] 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
lagger
n.ʣ
?
lag
lag 2
AHD:[l2g] 
D.J.[l#g]
K.K.[l#g]
n.ʣ
A barrel stave.
Ͱ
A strip, as of wood, that forms a part of the covering for a cylindrical object.
ʰ壺Բ帲ģľ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lagged,lag.ging,lags 
To furnish or cover with lags.
ѡͰװλ򸲸
?
[Probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Swedish lagg * see  leu- 
[Դ˹ά]    lagg *μ leu- 
?
lag
lag 3
AHD:[l2g] Ӣ 
D.J.[l#g]
K.K.[l#g]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lagged,lag.ging,lags 
To arrest.

To send to prison.
͡
n.ʣ
A convict.
ﷸ
An ex-convict.
Ѿﷸ
A period of imprisonment; a sentence.
ͽޣо
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
lake
lake 1
AHD:[l3k] 
D.J.[le!k]
K.K.[lek]
n.Abbr. l.,L.ʣд l.,L.
A large inland body of fresh water or salt water.
½Ĵ͵ˮˮˮ
A scenic pond, as in a park.
һԳڹ԰
A large pool of liquid:
һ̲Һ壺
a lake of spilled coffee on my desk.
ϵһ̲Ŀ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French lac 
Դ ŷ lac 
and from Old English lacu 
Դ Ӣ lacu 
both from Latin lacus 
Դ  lacus 
?
lake
lake 2
AHD:[l3k] 
D.J.[le!k]
K.K.[lek]
n.ʣ
A pigment consisting of organic coloring matter with an inorganic, usually metallic base or carrier, used in dyes, inks, and paints.
ɫһлͬ޻ͨǽĵ׻ϳɵɫسȾϡīˮ
Color A deep red.
ɫʡ ֬죺һɫ
?
From French laque * see  lac 
Դ  laque *μ lac
?
Lake
Lake  Lake of
AHD:[l3k]   Loch [l?k, l?] 
D.J.[le!k]  Loch [lKk, l%8']
K.K.[lek]  Loch [l$k, l%']
NONE޴ԣ
For the names of actual lakes, see the specific element of the name; for example,Erie, Lake; Lucerne, Lake of; Lomond, Loch.  
ںУһЩضɲ֣磬¬˹׺ɺ  

= =
lamb
lamb
AHD:[l2m] 
D.J.[l#m]
K.K.[l#m]
n.ʣ
A young sheep, especially one that is not yet weaned.
᣺Сָδ̵С
The flesh of a young sheep used as meat.
⣺ʳõС
Lambskin.
Ƥ
A sweet, mild-mannered person; a dear.
˳ˣװ
One who can be duped or cheated especially in financial matters.
ƭŪˣھ
Lamb Jesus.
 Lamb Ү
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lambed,lamb.ing,lambs 
To give birth to a young sheep.
һС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
Lamb
LambCharles  Known as Elia.(1775-1834)
NONE޴ԣ
British critic and essayist. With his sisterMary Ann Lamb  (1764-1847) he wrote the children's book Tales from Shakespeare  (1807). 
ķ˹(1775-1834) ӢۼҺɢļҡͬĽķ 1764-1847꣩дͯ ɯʿǹ¼ 1807꣩ 
?
Lamb
LambWilliam (Second Viscount Melbourne) (1779-1848)
NONE޴ԣ
British prime minister (1834 and 1835-1841) and adviser to Queen Victoria.
ķ(1779-1848) Ӣࣨ18341835-1841꣩άŮĹ
?
Lamb
LambWillis Eugene, Jr. (Born 1913)
NONE޴ԣ
American physicist. He shared a 1955 Nobel Prize for advances in atomic measurement.
ķСά˹Ƚ( 1913) ѧҡΪԭӲȡóɹ1955˹ŵ

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lame
lame 1
AHD:[l3m] 
D.J.[le!m]
K.K.[lem]
adj.ݴʣ
lam.er,lam.est 
Disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible:
˵ģΪз϶ʹƶ·ѻ޷ģ
Lame from the accident, he walked with a cane. A lame wing kept the bird from flying.
һ¹б˺ֻŹ·зϵĳʹ޷
Marked by pain or rigidness:
ʹĻӲģ
a lame back.
ʹĺ
Weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory:
ĺûЧʵģ˲ģ
a lame attempt to apologize; lame excuses for not arriving on time.
һҲǸ޷ŷĳٵĽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lamed,lam.ing,lames 
To cause to become lame; cripple.
ʹòзϣʹз
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lama 
Դ Ӣ lama 
?
lamely
adv.ʣ
lameness
n.ʣ
?
lame
lame 2
AHD:[l3m] 
D.J.[le!m]
K.K.[lem]
n.ʣ
A thin metal plate, especially one of the overlapping steel plates in medieval armor.
صƬһֱĽƬָͿϵصƬ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin l3a [thin plate] 
Դ  l3a [Ƭ] 

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lamp
lamp
AHD:[l2mp] 
D.J.[l#mp]
K.K.[l#mp]
n.ʣ
A device that generates light, heat, or therapeutic radiation.
ƣһܲ⡢Ȼߵװ
A vessel containing oil or alcohol burned through a wick for illumination.
ƾƣһװͻƾͨоȼ
A celestial body that gives off or reflects light.
ȻԴ
Something that illumines the mind or soul.
⣺ǻĶ
?
Middle English lampe 
йӢ lampe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin lampas 
Դ  lampas 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from lampein [to shine] 
Դ lampein [] 

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land
land
AHD:[l2nd] 
D.J.[l#nd]
K.K.[l#nd]
n.Abbr. l.ʣд l.
The solid ground of the earth.
½أϼ̵ĵ
Ground or soil:
棬
tilled the land.

A topographically or functionally distinct tract:
ĵڵϻصһƬأ
desert land; prime building land.
ߵأҪĽ
A nation; a country.
壻
The people of a nation, district, or region.
һ塢
lands Territorial possessions or property.
 lands ӵеԴƲ
Public or private landed property; real estate.
زڵĻ˽˵ĵز
An area or a realm:

the land of make-believe; the land of television.
õľ磻ӵķΧ
Law 
ɡ 
A tract that may be owned, together with everything growing or constructed on it.
򣺰ϵеĶһƬ
A landed estate.

The raised portion of a grooved surface, as on a phonograph record.
ۼƽ͹Ĳ֣ƬϵĲۼ
v.ʣ
land.ed,land.ing,lands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to and unload on land:
ϰжϰ
land cargo.
ж
To set (a vehicle) down on land or another surface:
䣺ʹͨߣ½ڱı棺
land an airplane smoothly; land a seaplane on a lake.
ʹɻƽ½ˮϷɻں
Informal To cause to arrive in a place or condition:
ʽ ĳػĳ״̬ʹһطһ
Civil disobedience will land you in jail.
Ǳʹ
To catch and pull in (a fish):
ץסϣ㣩
landed a big catfish.
һ
Informal To win; secure:
ʽ ãȡ
land a big contract.
ǩһʴͬ
Informal To deliver:
ʽ 
landed a blow on his opponent's head.
Ķֵͷһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to shore:
ʹϰ
landed against the current with great difficulty.
˺ܴ󾢲ŵ½
To disembark:
ê
landed at a crowded dock.
ӵͷê
To descend toward and settle onto the ground or another surface:
䣬½½ͣĳػĳı棺
The helicopter has landed.
ֱ
Informal To arrive in a place or condition:
ʽ 룬ĳػĳ
landed at the theater too late for the opening curtain.
Ժʱ̫ڿĻʽ
To come to rest in a certain way or place:
ĳַʽĳֵصϢã
land on one's feet.
ĳ˽ű
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  lendh- 
Դ Ӣ *μ lendh- 
?
Land
Land
AHD:[l2nd] Edwin Herbert (1909-1991) 
D.J.[l#nd]
K.K.[l#nd]
NONE޴ԣ
American inventor who developed (1932) the light-polarizing plastic film called Polaroid and incorporated it into lenses for cameras and sunglasses. He also invented the one-step 
photographic process (1947).
£¡ղأ(1909-1991) ңڣ1932꣩Ľ˱ΪƫƬĹƫϽƬӦľͷ̫һӰ1947
꣩

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landing
land.ing
AHD:[l2nd1ng] 
D.J.[6l#nd!0]
K.K.[6l#nd!0]
n.Abbr. ldg.ʣд ldg.
The act or process of coming to land or rest, especially after a voyage or flight.
½½ϢĶָ̣֮
A termination, especially of a voyage or flight.
յ㣺յ㣬ָеյ
A site for loading and unloading passengers and cargo.
½װжÿͻĵط
An intermediate platform on a flight of stairs.
¥ݵĹƽ̨
The area at the top or bottom of a staircase.
¥ݵĶײ

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landlady
land.la.dy
AHD:[l2ndl3d?] 
D.J.[6l#nd7le!di8]
K.K.[6l#nd7ledi]
n.ʣ
A woman who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units.
ŮӵйػסԪŮ
A woman who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper.
ŮӪݳջŮջ

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landlord
land.lord
AHD:[l2ndl?rd] 
D.J.[6l#nd7l%8d]
K.K.[6l#nd7l%rd]
n.ʣ
A person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units.
ӵлءסԪ
A man who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper.
Ӫݼ޻ջԣջ

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landscape
land.scape
AHD:[l2ndsk3p] 
D.J.[6l#nd7ske!p]
K.K.[6l#nd7skep]
n.ʣ
An expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view:
羰ܴĳһǶȿһƬľɫ
a desert landscape.
ľɫ
A picture depicting an expanse of scenery.
羰־ɫͼƬ
The branch of art dealing with the representation of natural scenery.
羰滭漰Ȼ羰һ֧
The aspect of the land characteristic of a particular region:
òض½صĳЩ棺
a bleak New England winter landscape.
Ӣò
An extensive mental view; an interior prospect:
Ұĵչ
They occupy the whole landscape of my thought(James Thurber)
ռҵ(ղķ˹ɪ)
v.ʣ
land.scaped,land.scap.ing,land.scapes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To adorn or improve (a section of ground) by contouring and by planting flowers, shrubs, or trees.
ͨ滮ֲݡľľķĽһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To arrange grounds artistically as a profession.
԰ƣ԰Ϊְҵ
?
Dutch landschap 
 landschap 
from Middle Dutch landscap [region] 
Դ йź landscap [] 
land [land] * see  lendh- 
land [] *μ lendh- 
-scap [state, condition (collective suff.)] 
-scap [״ϵĺ׺] 
?
landscaper
n.ʣ
?
It would seem that in the case of the wordlandscape  we have an example of nature imitating art, in so far as sense development is concerned.Landscape, first recorded in 1598, was 
borrowed as a painters' term from Dutch during the 16th century,when Dutch artists were on the verge of becoming masters of the landscape genre.The Dutch wordlandschap  had 
earlier meant simply region, tract of land, but had acquired the artistic sense, which it brought over into English, of a picture depicting scenery on land.The fascinating thing 
isthat 34 years pass after the first recorded use oflandscape  in English before the word is used of a view or vista of natural scenery. This delay suggests that people were first 
introduced to landscapes in paintingsand then saw landscapes in real life.
landscape ʣƺܿһģȻӣ ʵ˼չ˵Landscape ״μ1598꣬ 16ڼΪһ滭Ӻ
ʱĺڳΪȻ羰滭Ĵʦlandscape ڽζšһƬء ӢʱѾϵĺ塰½Ϸ羰Ļ
Ȥǣlandscape ʵһμӢֵʱʾȻɫķ⣬34ꡣ һʱϵӳٰʾڻ滭ʱӴȻȻʵ
ȥͷ羰

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lane
lane
AHD:[l3n] 
D.J.[le!n]
K.K.[len]
n.ʣ
A narrow country road.
·խС·
A narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or fences.
Сǽդ֮խ·
A narrow passage, course, or track, especially:
Ūãխͨ·С
A prescribed course for ships or aircraft.
ɻĹ涨·
A strip delineated on a street or highway to accommodate a single line of vehicles:
гΪṩĵʻ·߶·ٹ·ϻش
a breakdown lane; an express lane.
ϵг쳵
Sports One of a set of parallel courses marking the bounds for contestants in a race, especially in swimming or track.
˶ ܵڱб߽ߵһƽ·ߣӾﾶ˶
Sports A wood-surfaced passageway or alley along which a bowling ball is rolled.
˶ ľƱͨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
Lane
Lane
AHD:[l3n] James Henry (1814-1866) 
D.J.[le!n]
K.K.[len]
NONE޴ԣ
American politician, soldier, and abolitionist who served as a U.S. senator from Kansas (1861-1866).
ղķ˹(1814-1866) μҡսʿͷūߣԿ˹Ա(1861-1866꣩

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language
lan.guage
AHD:[l2nggw1j] 
D.J.[6l#0gw!d9]
K.K.[6l#0gw!d9]
n.Abbr. lang.ʣд lang.
The use by human beings of voice sounds, and often written symbols representing these sounds, in organized combinations and patterns in order to express and communicate 
thoughts and feelings.
ԣ֣ʹãҾǴЩַţϺʽ֣ĿΪ˱ͽ˼͸
A system of words formed from such combinations and patterns, used by the people of a particular country or by a group of people with a shared history or set of traditions.
ԣԣԣϺʽγɵһϵдһضҵ˻йͬʷһ״ͳһȺʹ
A nonverbal method of communicating ideas, as by a system of signs, symbols, gestures, or rules:
˼һַǿͷķһϵźššƻ
the language of algebra.

Computer Science A system of symbols and rules used for communication with or between computers.
ѧ ԣԣһϵԺ͹ںͼ֮Ľ
Body language; kinesics.
̬嶯
The special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional, or other group:
лѧġְҵĻȺʻ÷
his total mastery of screen languagecamera placement, editingand his handling of actors(Jack Kroll)
ĻԵաã༭Աĵȡ(ܿˡ޶)
A characteristic style of speech or writing:
Է񣬴ǣݽдɫķ
Shakespearean language.
ɯʿԷ
Abusive, violent, or profane utterance:
ֻ˵ġױĻµԴʣ
language that would make your hair curl(W.S. Gilbert)
ëȻĴֻ( W.S.)
A particular manner of utterance:
磺˵̬ȣ
gentle language.

The manner or means of communication between living creatures other than human beings:
֮Ļ֮佻̬Ȼʽ
the language of dolphins.
Ľ
Verbal communication as a subject of study.
ͷԣΪѧϰĿͷ`
The wording of a legal document or statute as distinct from the spirit.
ļͬھĺϷļĴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French langage 
Դ ŷ langage 
from langue [tongue, language] 
Դ langue [ԣ] 
from Latin lingua * see  d?gh?- 
Դ  lingua *μ d?gh?- 

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lantern
lan.tern
AHD:[l2ntrn] 
D.J.[6l#nt*n]
K.K.[6l#nt*n]
n.ʣ
An often portable case with transparent or translucent sides for holding and protecting a light.
ƣһֿɾЯװã͸͸Ĳװͱ
A decorative casing for a light, often of paper.
ƵװףֽƳ
A light and its protective or decorative case.
֣ԼıԻװ
The room at the top of a lighthouse where the light is located.
ңõƵķ
Obsolete A lighthouse.
 
A structure built on top of a roof with open or windowed walls to admit light and air.
촰ʽݶڷݶһֽгĻдӵǽͨͿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French lanterne 
Դ ŷ lanterne 
from Latin lanterna 
Դ  lanterna 
from Greek lampt?r 
Դ ϣ lampt?r 
from lampein [to shine] 
Դ lampein [ҫ] 

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lap
lap 1
AHD:[l2p] 
D.J.[l#p]
K.K.[l#p]
n.ʣ
The front area from the waist to the knees of a seated person.
ϥ˵˴ϥǵĴ沿λ
The portion of a garment that covers the lap.
°ڣ²ѹסϥǵĲ
A hanging or flaplike part, especially of a garment.
½ָ·°ڻ´
An area of responsibility, interest, or control:
ΧΡƷΧ
an opportunity that dropped in his lap.
һ
?
the lap of luxury
Conditions of great affluence or material comfort:
ݻȸԣ״̬
an heiress living in the lap of luxury.
һλݻŮ̳
?
Middle English lappe [lappet, lap] 
йӢ lappe [Σ°] 
from Old English l?ppa [lappet] 
Դ Ӣ l?ppa [] 
?
lapful
n.ʣ
?
lap
lap 2
AHD:[l2p] 
D.J.[l#p]
K.K.[l#p]
v.ʣ
lapped,lap.ping,laps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or lay (something) so as to overlap another:
صû裨ĳԸס
roof tiles that were lapped so that water will run off.
ߴԱˮ
To lie partly over or on:
ص
each shingle lapping the next; shadows that lapped the wall.
ƬӰӳǽ
To fold (something) over onto itself:
۵
a cloth edge that had been lapped and sewn to make a hem.
ϱԵ۵۱
To wrap or wind around (something); encircle.
ƣƣĳΧ
To envelop in something; swathe:
סΧ
models who were lapped in expensive furs.
ģضŰëƤ
To join (pieces, as of wood) by means of a scarf or lap joint.
ʹӣۻӵķᣨС飬ľͷģ
To get ahead of (an opponent) in a race by one or more complete circuits of the course.
ȣʱȣ֣һȦȦ
To convert (cotton or other fibers) into a sheet or layer.
޻άɱƬ޻άһһ
To polish (a surface) until smooth.
ĥĥƽĦĳƷ棩ֱ⻬
To hone (two mating parts) against each other until closely fitted.
ĥƽĳʹӦ֣໥Ħֱܵغϲһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie partly on or over something; overlap.
۵صֵλĳ֮ϣص
To form a lap or fold.
ص۵
To wind around or enfold something.
Χסĳ
n.ʣ
A part that overlaps.
صĲ
The amount by which one part overlaps another.
صֵһصһֵ
One complete round or circuit, especially of a racetrack.
һȦܵյһȦָܵ
One complete length of a straight course, as of a swimming pool.
ֱߵ·һֱ߾룬Ӿ
A segment or stage, as of a trip.
еģĳг̣һֻһΣһ
A length, as of rope, required to make one complete turn around something.
ͲģһȦһοɹΧĳһȦľ룬
The act of lapping or encircling.
ص۵Ķ
A continuous band or layer of cotton, flax, or other fiber.
һάӵľ״
A wheel, disk, or slab of leather or metal, either stationary or rotating, used for polishing and smoothing.
ḥ̂ƤƳɵӡԲ̻ƽ壬̶תĥƽĥ
?
Middle English lappen 
йӢ lappen 
from lappe [lap, lappet] * see  lap 1
Դ lappe [ţ°] *μ lap1
?
lap
lap 3
AHD:[l2p] 
D.J.[l#p]
K.K.[l#p]
v.ʣ
lapped,lap.ping,laps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take in (a liquid or food) by lifting it with the tongue.
ͷѣҺʳŪԽ
To wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds:
Ĵ򣺰Һϴ
waves lapping the side of the boat.
˻ŴĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take in a liquid or food with the tongue.
ͷҺʳ
To wash against something with soft liquid sounds.
򣺰Һϴ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of lapping.
һĶ
The amount taken in by lapping.
һյķ
The sound of lapping.

A watery food or drink.
ʵϡʳ
?
lap up
To receive eagerly or greedily:
еػеؽܣ
lapping up praise.
ﻰ
?
Middle English lapen 
йӢ lapen 
from Old English lapian 
Դ Ӣ lapian 

= =
large
large
AHD:[l?rj] 
D.J.[l$8d9]
K.K.[l$rd9]
adj.ݴʣ
larg.er,larg.est д L,L.,lg.,lge.
Of greater than average size, extent, quantity, or amount; big.
ģƽߴ硢ȣģ
Of greater than average scope, breadth, or capacity; comprehensive.
ϴģȫģƽΧȻģ㷺
Important; significant:
ҪģҪģشģ
had a large role in the negotiations; a large producer of paper goods.
̸شãֽƷҪ
Understanding and tolerant; liberal:
ݵģģͨĲݵģģ
a large and generous spirit.
Ϳľ
Of great magnitude or intensity; grand:
ǿҵģǿȵģشģ
a rigid resistance to the large emotions(Stephen Koch)
ϸǿҵĸ顱(˹ٷҡƿ)
Pretentious; boastful. Used of speech or manners.
ģԸģÿڵġ̸̬
Obsolete Gross; coarse. Used of speech or language.
 ̸׵ģҰģ׵ġ̸
Nautical Favorable. Used of a wind.
 ˳ġڷ
?
at large
Not in confinement or captivity; at liberty:
ƺģɵģ
a convict still at large.
δ鰸ﷸ
As a whole; in general:
ȫ壻ձأ
the country at large.

Representing a nation, state, or district as a whole. Often used in combination:
ȫģȫݵģȫģϴһҡݻġڸϴʣ
councilor-at-large.
Ա
Not assigned to a particular country. Often used in combination:
޹̶ģδĳضҵġڸϴʣ
ambassador-at-large.
ʹ
At length; copiously.
ϸأ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin largus [generous] 
Դ  largus [] 
?
largeness
n.ʣ
?
large,big,great
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being notably above the average in size or magnitude: 
Щݴе˼ǡڴСظƽˮƽ 
a large city;
һУ
a large sum of money;
һĿǮ
a big brown barn;
һɫĴȲ֣
a big sweep of open lawn;
һƬأ
a great old oak tree;
һߴ
a great ocean liner. small 
һҾ޴ĺ small

= =
largely
large.ly
AHD:[l?rjl?] 
D.J.[6l$8d9li8]
K.K.[6l$rd9li]
adv.ʣ
For the most part; mainly.
󲿷ֵأҪ
On a large scale; amply.
ģأḻ

= =
laser
la.ser
AHD:[l3zr] 
D.J.[6le!z*]
K.K.[6lez+]
n.ʣ
Any of several devices that convert incident electromagnetic radiation of mixed frequencies to one or more discrete frequencies of highly amplified and coherent ultraviolet, visible, or 
infrared radiation.
ʹżȻĻƵʵĵŷ,Ϊһĸ߶ǿߡɼ߷ķƵеһ
A device whose output is in an invisible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
װãźڵŹײɼһװ
?
l(ight) a(mplification by) s(timulated) e(mission of) r(adiation) 
l(ight) a(mplification by) s(timulated) e(mission of) r(adiation) 

= =
last
last 1
AHD:[l2st] 
D.J.[l#st]
K.K.[l#st]
adj.ݴʣ
Being, coming, or placed after all others; final:
δ˵ģģٵĻδβģδģ
the last game of the season.
һ
Being the only one left:
ʣģ
his last nickel; as a last resort.
һöӲңֶ
Just past; most recent:
չȥģոչȥģģ
last year; the last time I checked.
ȥꣻǴ
Most up-to-date; newest:
ʱֵģеģµģ
the last thing in swimwear.
еӾװ
Highest in extent or degree; utmost:
˵ģΧ̶߳ȵģ
to the last measure of human endurance.
͵ļ
Most valid, authoritative, or conclusive:
ԵģЧģɿģԵģ
The arbiter will have the last say in resolving this dispute.
ٲ߶ԽȨԵķȨ
Least likely or expected:
ܵģ
the last person we would have suspected.
ܻɵ
The least desirable or suitable:
ʵģʵģ
the last man for the job.
ʵ
Being the latest possible:
ĿԵģ
waited until the last second before boarding the train.
ȵϻ֮ǰһ
Lowest in rank or importance:
͵ģҪģڼҪ͵ģ
last prize; last place.
͵ĽͣҪλ
Used as an intensive:
ڼǿ
Every last dollar was donated to charity.
ÿһԪǮ׸˴ҵ
Of or relating to a terminal period or stage, as of life:
ģʱڻ׶εĻйصģģ
the last days of the dinosaurs.
ʱ
Administered just before death:
յģǰеģ
the last sacraments.
ʥ
adv.ʣ
After all others in chronology or sequence:
յأʱϻ˳ϴ֮أ
arrived last.
һ
Most recently:
أ
a fashion last popular in the 1940's.
2040еʱ
At the end; finally:
βأأ
Add the butter last.
ϻ
n.ʣ
One that is at the end or last:
һ
the last to be chosen; on every page but the last.
ѡһһҳÿһҳ
The end:

held out until the last.
ֵ
The final mention or appearance:
ἰ֣
haven't seen the last of our troubles.
ûп鷳
?
at last
After a considerable length of time; finally.
ڣһ൱ʱ֮
at long last
After a lengthy or troublesome wait or delay:
ײţһγڶĵȴ򵢸飺
At long last the winter was over.
ȥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English latost [superlative of] l?t [late] * see  l?- 
Դ Ӣ latost  [] l?t߼ [] *μ l?- 
?
lastly
adv.ʣ
?
last,final,terminal,eventual,ultimate
These adjectives mean coming after all others in chronology or sequence.
Щݴʶʱϻ˳λ֮˼
 Last  applies to what comes at the end of a series, as of like things: 
 Last  ָһϵУͬ飩֮ģ 
the last day of the month;
һµһ죻
the last piece of candy.
һǡ
The last time I saw them they were fine. Somethingfinal comes at the end of a progression or process; the term stresses the definitiveness and decisiveness of the conclusion: 
һοʱǻܺء final ָĽȻһ٣ ǿ۵ȷԺ;ԣ 
This is our final offer.
ıۡ
The decision of the board of trustees will be final.
»ľյġ
I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality (Martin Luther King, Jr.).
ûװûİʵзȨġ С ·¡𣩡
 Terminal   applies to what marks or forms a limit or boundary, as in space, time, or development: 
 Terminal  ָʱ䡢ռķչУ־γһƻ޵Ķ 
In order to increase its freight revenues the railroad chose as its terminal city a town with a large harbor. Somethingeventual will inevitably come about as a result of a particular 
circumstance or contingency:  
Ϊӻ룬·һغΪյվ eventual ΪضĻżȻ¼ĽȻ  
If prices continue to spiral out of control,it is reasonable to expect the eventual collapse of the stock market.
۸ʧȥƵǣŹнտ
Ultimate  applies to what concludes a series, process, or progression,to what constitutes a final result or objective, and to what is most distant or remote, as in time: 
Ultimate  ָһϵ顢һ̻һηչĽγһĿͣʱϣңԶɼģ 
the ultimate sonata of that opus;

our ultimate goal;
յĿꣻ
the ultimate effect;
յЧ
an ultimate authority.
Ȩ
I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves (Thomas Jefferson).
ֻ̲ ˹ܷѷ
?
last
last 2
AHD:[l2st] 
D.J.[l#st]
K.K.[l#st]
v.ʣ
last.ed,last.ing,lasts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To continue in time; go on:
ʱϳ
The war lasted four years.
ս
To continue; survive:
ά֣ά֣ά
The patient is not expected to last much longer.
λ˻˶
To remain in good or usable condition:
ãõĻʹõ״̬
Produce lasts longer if it is refrigerated. I wanted a car that would last.
ĻũƷԱʱ䡣Ҫһõ
To continue in force or practice:
־ãϳ־ã
wondered if the marriage would last.
ⳡǷܳ־
To remain in adequate supply:
άֳ֣ĹӦ
Will our water last?
ˮ?
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To keep adequately supplied:
֮ãֹӦ㣺
left enough bread to last the family for the weekend.
㹻Թһδʳ
To persist or endure for the entire length of; survive:
סס㹻һΣά
hoped to last the season without injuring her leg again.
ϣܹͦڣҪŪ
?
Middle English lasten 
йӢ lasten 
from Old English l?n * see  leis- 1
Դ Ӣ l?n *μ leis- 1
?
last
last 3
AHD:[l2st] 
D.J.[l#st]
K.K.[l#st]
n.ʣ
A block or form shaped like a human foot and used in making or repairing shoes.
Ь鸣˽״ľģӣЬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
last.ed,last.ing,lasts 
To mold or shape on a last.
ЬЬЬЬ
?
Middle English leste, laste 
йӢ leste, laste 
from Old English l?e 
Դ Ӣ l?e 
from l?3st} [sole of the foot] * see  leis- 1
Դ l?3st} [һֻЬ] *μ leis- 1
?
last
last 4
AHD:[l2st] 
D.J.[l#st]
K.K.[l#st]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
A unit of volume or weight varying for different commodities and in different districts, equal to about 80 bushels, 640 gallons, or 2 tons.
λĲͬĲͬͬԼͬ80ʽ640׻򹫶ֵ
?
Middle English [load, a kind of measure] 
йӢ [أһֶ] 
from Old English hl?st [load] 
Դ Ӣ hl?st [] 

= =
late
late
AHD:[l3t] 
D.J.[le!t]
K.K.[let]
adj.ݴʣ
lat.er,lat.est д l.
Coming, occurring, or remaining after the correct, usual, or expected time; delayed:
ٵģģȷġͨĻԤڵʱáĻҪٵģ
The bus is late.See Synonyms at tardy 
˲μ tardy
Beginning after or continuing past the usual or expected hour:
ʼģģͨĻԤڵʱ俪ʼʱ䳬ͨĻԤڵʱ䣺
a late breakfast; a late meeting.
ƳٵͣƳ˵Ļ
Occurring at an advanced hour, especially well into the evening or night:
ҹģģָҹҹģ
a late movie on television; the late flight to Denver.
ҹŵӰƬҹĺ
Of or toward the end or more advanced part, as of a period or stage:
ڵģڻڽβǰֵģһʱڻһ׶εģ
the late 19th century; a later symptom of the disease.
19ڣּ֢״
Having begun or occurred just previous to the present time; recent:
ģ½ģոտʼģģ
a late development.
·չ
Contemporary; up-to-date:
ģµģ
the latest fashion.
ʱ
Having recently occupied a position or place:
εģǰְλģ
the company's late president gave the address.
˾ܲ˵ַ
Dead, especially if only recently deceased:
ѹʵģȥģָ½ʵģ
in memory of the late explorer.
ѹʵĿ
adv.ʣ
later,latest 
After the expected, usual, or proper time:
٣ԤڵģͨĻʺϵʱ
a train that arrived late; woke late and had to skip breakfast.
㣻𴲳ˣò
At or until an advanced hour:
ҹ
talked late into the evening.
ĵ
At or into an advanced period or stage:
ڵأںʱڻ׶ڣ
a project undertaken late in her career.
ҵɵĿ
Recently:
أ
As late as last week he was still in town.
ڳ
?
of late
Recently; lately:

was feeling better of late.
оö
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English l?t * see  l?- 
Դ Ӣ l?t *μ l?- 
?
lateness
n.ʣ
?
It is technically correct to use a phrase such asour late treasurer  to refer to a person who is still alive but who no longer holds the relevant post, but the use offormer  in this context will 
ensure that no embarrassing misunderstanding is created. 
ʹǵǰλ ĴָȻڲƹصְλˣȷģ £former һܹεⷢ 

= =
lately
late.ly
AHD:[l3tl?] 
D.J.[6le!tli8]
K.K.[6letli]
adv.ʣ
Not long ago; recently.
ǰ

= =
latent
la.tent
AHD:[l3tnt] 
D.J.[6le!tnt]
K.K.[6let2t]
adj.ݴʣ
Present or potential but not evident or active:
ǱڵģڻǱڵģǲԻ򲻻Ծģ
latent talent.
ǱڵĲ
Pathology In a dormant or hidden stage:
ѧ ǱģطĻصĽ׶εģ
a latent infection.
ǱĴȾ
Biology Undeveloped but capable of normal growth under the proper conditions:
ѧ ߵģչģʵܹģ
a latent bud.
ѿ
Psychology Present in the unconscious mind but not consciously expressed.
ѧ ǱʶģǱʶУûʶر
n.ʣ
A fingerprint that is not apparent to the eye but can be made sufficiently visible, as by dusting or fuming, for use in identification.
ָƣͨۿָƣЧļۻѬƣͿԿģڱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin lat?s  latent- [present participle of] lat?re [to lie hidden] 
Դ  lat?s  latent-  [] lat?reڷִ [] 
?
latently
adv.ʣ
?
latent,dormant,quiescent
These adjectives mean present or in existence but not active or manifest.What islatent  is present but not visible or apparent:  
ЩݴʶдڵԾԵ˼Latent һʵĺǴڵԵģ  
latent energy;
Ǳڵ
latent ability.
Ǳڵ
His critical remark immediately awakened all her latent hostility.
Ǳڵĵ⡣
Dormant  evokes the idea of sleep;the term applies to what is inactive or in suspended animation: 
Dormant  ˯ߵ˼ʺдڲԾ״̬ͣ״̬ 
a dormant volcano.
߻ɽ
Her enormous talents were dormant. Persons or things arequiescent  when they cease to be active; sometimesbut not alwaysthe term suggests temporary inactivity: 
Ƿűʱûˡ ٻԾʱ˻ʹquiescent ״̬ ʱǾʺʱԲԾ˼ 
How for nine years you could be patient and quiescent under any treatment . . . I can never comprehend (Charlotte Bront?). 
ԸĺͼĬġԶҲ֪ ءأ 
For a time, he [the whale] lay quiescent   (Herman Melville).
һ ﲻˡ  նά

= =
later
lat.er
AHD:[l3tr] 
D.J.[6le!t*]
K.K.[6let+]
adj.Comparative of late ݴʣComparative of late
adv.Comparative of late ʣComparative of late
Subsequently; afterward. Often used withon:  
󣬺أȻ󣬺on ã 
She arrived on the ferry, and he came later. He later felt that he was wrong. Later on, we watched a movie.
ɿںŵŷԼˡȥӰ
Informal Used to express good-bye.
ʽ ʾټ÷

= =
latitude
lat.i.tude
AHD:[l2t1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6l#t!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6l#t!7tud, -7tjud]
n.Abbr. lat.ʣд lat.
The angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.
γȣϵĽǾ룬ڵͼö
A region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator:
γȵľ۵ĵһ
temperate latitudes.
´
Astronomy The angular distance of a celestial body north or south of the ecliptic.
ѧ γƵϻԱýǶľ
Freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations.See Synonyms at room 
ѹ֡ƻԼеõɲμ room
A range of values or conditions, especially the range of exposures over which a photographic film yields usable images.
ȫعʱޣֵķΧָعⷶΧڴӰõĵƬܲõӰ
Extent; breadth.
Χ
?
Middle English [geographical latitude] 
йӢ [γ] 
from Old French [width] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin l3?d?} [width, geographical latitude] 
Դ  l3?d?} [ȣγ] 
from l3s [wide] 
Դ l3s [] 
?
latitudinal
AHD:[-t?dn-l, -ty?d-] ݴʣ
latitudinally
adv.ʣ

= =
latter
lat.ter
AHD:[l2tr] 
D.J.[6l#t*]
K.K.[6l#t+]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the second of two persons or things mentioned:
ߵģᵽ˻еĵڶ
Between captain and major, the latter is the higher rank.See Usage Note at former 2
ξУ֮䣬Ǿνϸ߲μ former2
Near or nearer to the end:
ĩ˵ģӽӽֵģ
the latter part of the book.
ⲿĽβ
Further advanced in time or sequence; later:
Ϻģʱϸǰģģ
a style that has been revived in latter times.
ڸ˵ķ
?
Middle English [later] 
йӢ [] 
from Old English l?tra * see  l?- 
Դ Ӣ l?tra *μ l?- 
?
latterly
adv.ʣ

= =
laugh
laugh
AHD:[l2f, l?f] 
D.J.[l#f, l$8f]
K.K.[l#f, l$f]
v.ʣ
laughed,laugh.ing,laughs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express certain emotions, especially mirth, delight, or derision, by a series of spontaneous, usually unarticulated sounds often accompanied by corresponding facial and bodily 
movements.
ЦΪĳУָˡֻЦһԷģͨǲ˶
To show or feel amusement or good humor:
еЦʾеЦǳĬ
laughed to herself at the memory; an experience we would laugh about later on.
ЩԷЦԺǻеЦľ
To feel or express derision or contempt; mock:
ЦеʾӣЦ
We used to laugh at their provincial manners. I had to laugh when I saw who my opponent was.
ǰЦǴ׵ľֹҵ֪ҵĶ˭ʱҸеЦ
To feel a triumphant or exultant sense of well-being:
ֶ
You won't be laughing when the truth comes out.
һ౻¶Ͳ
To produce sounds resembling laughter:
ƻЦ
parrots laughing and chattering in the trees.
ϻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To affect or influence by laughter:
ЦӰȾ
laughed the speaker off the stage; laughed the proposal down.
Цݽ߸̨Ц
To say with a laugh:
Ц˵
He laughed his delight at the victory.
Цʤϲ
n.ʣ
The act of laughing.
Ц
The sound of laughing; laughter.
ЦЦ
Informal Something amusing, absurd, or contemptible; a joke:
ʽ ЦЦЦģĵĻɱɵ飻Ц
The solution they recommended was a laugh.
Ľ취ֱǸЦ
Often laughs Informal Fun; amusement:
  laughs ʽ ǲ֣
decided to go along just for laughs.
һȥֻΪһ
?
laugh at
To treat lightly; scoff at:
Ϊ⣻ԡһЦ֮
a daredevil who laughed at danger.
³ç󵨵Σ
laugh off  
laugh away
To dismiss as ridiculously or laughably trivial:
һЦ֮ѡЦ¶֮
laughed off any suggestion that her career was over.
йҵѾİʾ֮
?
laugh up (one's) sleeve 
laugh in (one's) sleeve
To rejoice or exult in secret, as at another's error or defeat.
ֻ͵͵ϲˣ˵Ĵʧ
?
Middle English laughen 
йӢ laughen 
from Old English hl?hhan 
Դ Ӣ hl?hhan 
[probably ultimately of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
laugher
n.ʣ
laughingly
adv.ʣ

= =
laughter
laugh.ter
AHD:[l2ftr, l?f-] 
D.J.[6l#ft*, 6l$8f-]
K.K.[6l#ft+, 6l$f-]
n.ʣ
The act of laughing.
ЦЦĶ
The sound produced by laughing.
ЦЦ
Archaic A cause or subject for laughter.
 ЦЦߣЦԭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hleahtor 
Դ Ӣ hleahtor 
[probably ultimately of imitative origin] 
[Դģ] 

= =
launch
launch 1
AHD:[l?nch, l?nch] 
D.J.[l%8nt., l$8nt.]
K.K.[l%nt., l$nt.]
v.ʣ
launched,launch.ing,launch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw or propel with force; hurl:
ͶӻƽͶ
launch a spear.
ǹ
To set or thrust (a self-propelled craft or projectile) in motion:
䣺ʹǿʹƽ
launch a rocket; launch a torpedo.
һöһ
Nautical To put (a boat) into the water in readiness for use.
 ˮʹˮԱʹ
To set going; initiate:
ʼ
launch a career; launch a business venture.
һҵʼһðҵ
To introduce to the public or to a market:
Ƴ²Ʒܸڻг
launched the new perfume with prime-time commercials on the major networks.
Ҫĵ̨ƽʱεĹƳˮ
To give (someone) a start, as in a career or vocation.
ĳˣһĻᣬĻְҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To begin a new venture or phase; embark:
ʼʼµðջ裻£
launch forth on a dangerous mission; launched out on her own after college.
ʼִһΣյʹѧҵչ
To enter enthusiastically into something; plunge:
Ͷ룺ؽ룻Ͷ룺
launched into a description of the movie.
Ӱڵ
n.ʣ
The act of launching.
ͶͶĶ
?
Middle English launchen 
йӢ launchen 
from Old North French lancher 
Դ ŷ lancher 
from Latin lance3e [to wield a lance] 
Դ  lance3e [賤ì] 
from lancea [lance] * see  lance 
Դ lancea [ì] *μ lance
?
launch
launch 2
AHD:[l?nch, l?nch] 
D.J.[l%8nt., l$8nt.]
K.K.[l%nt., l$nt.]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A large ship's boat.
ϵСͧ
A large, open motorboat.
ͳĦͧ
?
Probably alteration  probably influenced by launch 1
Ϊ   launch1Ӱ 
of Malay lancha 
  lanchaı仯 

= =
laundry
laun.dry
AHD:[l?ndr?, l?n-] 
D.J.[6l%8ndri8, 6l$8n-]
K.K.[6l%ndri, 6l$n-]
n.ʣ
 laun.dries 
Soiled or laundered clothes and linens; wash.
ŪĻϴõ·ƷҪϴ·
A commercial establishment for laundering clothes or linens.
ϴµ꣺ϴ·ƷҵԻ
A room or an area, as in a house, for doing the wash.
ϴ·ϴķյأڷ
?
Middle English lavendrye, laundry 
йӢ lavendrye, laundry 
from Old French lavanderie 
Դ ŷ lavanderie 
from lavandier * see  launder 
Դ lavandier *μ launder

= =
lavatory
lav.a.to.ry
AHD:[l2v-t?r?, -t?r?] 
D.J.[6l#v*7t%8ri8, -7t*&ri8]
K.K.[6l#v*7t%ri, -7tori]
n.ʣ
 lav.a.to.ries д lav.
A room equipped with washing and often toilet facilities; a bathroom.
ͨװϴͲʩķ䣻ϴ
A washbowl or basin, especially one permanently installed with running water.
ϴ裺ϴõ裬ָһֱװˮ
A flush toilet.
ˮͰ
?
Middle English [piscina] 
йӢ [ģԡ] 
from Late Latin lav3?rium} 
Դ  lav3?rium} 
from lav3r [launderer] 
Դ lav3r [ϴ] 
from lav3e [to wash] * see  lave 
Դ lav3e [ϴ] *μ lave

= =
law
law
AHD:[l?] 
D.J.[l%8]
K.K.[l%]
n.ʣ
A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.
ɣɹԼȨƶΪ淶
The body of rules and principles governing the affairs of a community and enforced by a political authority; a legal system:
ϵͳ淶ĳһһ׹ԭȨʵʩϵͳ
international law.
ʷ
The condition of social order and justice created by adherence to such a system:
ݴϵͳ͹壺
a breakdown of law and civilized behavior.
Ϊı
A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system:
棺һϵĳһضйصһ׹淶׼
tax law; criminal law.
˰̷
A piece of enacted legislation.
ģһ䲼ʵʩķ
The system of judicial administration giving effect to the laws of a community:
˾磺ʹһᷨɵЧ˾ϵ
All citizens are equal before the law.
֮ǰƽ
Legal action or proceedings; litigation:
ߣϻϳϣ
submit a dispute to law.

An impromptu or extralegal system of justice substituted for established judicial procedure:
ʱһȡе˾ʱδ׼˾ϵ
frontier law.
߾
An agency or agent responsible for enforcing the law. Often used withthe : 
ִߣִзɵĴˡthe ã 
The law . . . stormed out of the woods as the vessel was being relieved of her cargo(Sid Moody)
ֻж»ʱִ籩г(¡µ)
Informal A police officer. Often used withthe.  
ʽ 졣ͨthe  
The science and study of law; jurisprudence.
ɿѧоѧ
Knowledge of law.
֪ʶ
The profession of an attorney.
ʦְҵ
Something, such as an order or a dictum, having absolute or unquestioned authority:
ԣоԵȨоԵĻ򲻿ɵȨ򷨹ٵ
The commander's word was law.
ָӹٵĻǷ
Law 
 Law 
The body of principles or precepts held to express the divine will, especially as revealed in the Bible:
ѵ룺ʾԸһϵзָڡʥеģ
Mosaic Law.
Ħɷ
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures.
ϣʥе
A code of principles based on morality, conscience, or nature.
¹淶ڵ¡Ļ֮ϵһԭ
A rule or custom generally established in a particular domain:
򣬹ĳһڱձϿɵĹػ
the unwritten laws of good sportsmanship.
˶ԱĲ׼
A way of life:
ʽ
the law of the jungle.
ǿʳģַ
A formulation describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met:
ɣ֮㶨ϵļзضжã
the law of gravity.

A generalization based on consistent experience or results:
ɣһµľͽ֮ϵܽ᣺
the law of supply and demand; the law of averages.
跨ƽ
Mathematics A general principle or rule that is assumed or that has been proven to hold between expressions.
ѧ ʽ֤֮ڵһͨԭ
A principle of organization, procedure, or technique:
֯ԭ
the laws of grammar; the laws of visual perspective.
﷨͸ӷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lawed,law.ing,laws 
To go to law; litigate.
˾ڷɣ
?
a law unto (oneself)
A totally independent operator:
רУȫľӪߣ
An executive who is a law unto herself.
ǵŮ쵼
take the law into (one's) own hands
To mete out justice as one sees fit without due recourse to law enforcement agencies or the courts.
⴦ĳԼʺϵķʽ˾ͨִлػͥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lagu 
Դ Ӣ lagu 
from Old Norse *lagu [sing. of] l?g [pl. of] lag [that which is laid down] * see  legh- 
Դ ˹ά *lagu  [] l?gĵ  [] lagĸ [ƶ] *μ legh- 
?
Law
Law(Andrew) Bonar (1858-1923)
NONE޴ԣ
Canadian-born British politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1916-1918) and prime minister (1922-1923).
ͣ³ã(1858-1923) ôӢμңӢ󳼣1916-1918꣩ࣨ1922-1923꣩
?
Law
LawJohn (1671-1729)
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish financier active in France, where he engaged in highly profitable speculation on the development of Louisiana. The investment scheme ultimately collapsed, and he fled the 
country in ruin (1720).
ͣԼ(1671-1729) Ծڷոڼңڿ·˹ʱйͶͶʼƻʧܣƲ뷨1720꣩
?
Law
LawWilliam (1686-1761)
NONE޴ԣ
English theological writer whose works includeA Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life  (1728). 
ͣ(1686-1761) ӢѧңƷϺʥĿ 1728꣩ 

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lawn
lawn 1
AHD:[l?n] 
D.J.[l%8n]
K.K.[l%n]
n.ʣ
A plot of grass, usually tended or mowed, as one around a residence or in a park or an estate.
ƺһͨտ׵ĲݵأסլΧĻ԰ׯ԰е
?
Alteration of Middle English launde [glade] 
 йӢ laundeı仯 [] 
from Old French launde [heath, pasture, wooded area] * see  lendh- 
Դ ŷ launde [ʯϵأݵأ] *μ lendh- 
?
lawn
lawn 2
AHD:[l?n] 
D.J.[l%8n]
K.K.[l%n]
n.ʣ
A light cotton or linen fabric of very fine weave.
ϵϸķ֯޲֯
?
Middle English laun 
йӢ laun 
after Laon , a city of northern France 
Դ ﰺ һ 

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lawyer
law.yer
AHD:[l?yr] 
D.J.[6l%8j*]
K.K.[6l%j+]
n.ʣ
One whose profession is to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in court or in other legal matters.
ʦְҵǸίṩѯڷͥд
?
Middle English lauier 
йӢ lauier 
from law [law] * see  law 
Դ law [] *μ law
?
lawyerly
adv.ʣ
?
lawyer,attorney,counselor,counsel,barrister,solicitor
These nouns denote persons who practice law.
Щʶָ÷ɵˡ
 Lawyer  is the general and most comprehensive termfor one authorized to give legal advice to clients and to plead cases in a court of law: 
 Lawyer  ͨ͹㷺ָȨίṩѯڷͥΪ绤ˣ 
called her lawyer after the automobile accident.
绰ʦ
Attorney  is often used interchangeably withlawyer,  but in a narrower senseit denotes a legal agent for a client in the transaction of business: 
Attorney  ͨlawyer  Ӹ˵ָҵдί˵ķɴ 
Corporate attorneys negotiated the new contract.
˾ʦº̸ͬС
Counselor   andcounsel  are terms for persons who give legal advice and serve as trial lawyers; 
Counselor  counsel ָṩѯγͥʦˡ 
 counsel  also applies to a team of lawyers employed in conducting a case: 
 counsel  ָӶ밸һȺʦ 
Ms. Barnes is counselor for the defense.
Ͷ˹ŮʿǱı绤ʦ
A table has been reserved for the defense counsel during the trial.
һΪı绤ʦ׼ġ
Barrister  refers principally to a British trial lawyer: 
Barrister  ҪָӢĳͥʦ 
The defense is represented by a barrister from Leeds. In England asolicitor  is a lawyer whose practice is devoted largely to serving as a legal agent, representing clients in lower 
courts,and preparing cases for barristers to try in superior courts;in the United States  the term denotes the chief law officer of a city, town, or governmental department: 
һλȵʦ ӢSolicitor ָҵҪΪ䵱ɴʦ ڵͼԺдίˣڸ߼ԺΪͥʦ׼
ָСеܷ٣ 
Solicitors for the squire handled the sale of his extensive lands.
λ۴Ƭصʦ
The case will be presented by the Solicitor General. 
һӽɸ쳤 

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lie
lie 1
AHD:[lo] 
D.J.[la!]
K.K.[la!]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lay[l3] lain[l3n] ly.ing[lo1ng] lies 
To be or place oneself at rest in a flat, horizontal, or recumbent position; recline:
ɣһֵµġˮƽĻбʽϢ״̬ƽԣ
lay under a tree to sleep.
˯
To be placed on or supported by a surface that is usually horizontal:
ڷţһˮƽϻһˮƽ֧ţ
Dirty dishes lay on the table.See Usage Note at lay 1
Ӱϲμ lay1
To be or remain in a specified condition:
ڡ״̬һض״
The dust has lain undisturbed for years. He lay sick in bed.
ǶܶˡԲڴ
To exist; be inherent:
ڣں
The solution lies in research.
о
To occupy a position or place:
λڣռһλûط
The lake lies beyond this hill.
ɽǺ
To extend:
죺
Our land lies between these trees and the river.
ǵλЩ֮
Law To be admissible or maintainable.
ɡ Ļɱ
Archaic To stay for a night or short while.
 ҹͣ
n.ʣ
The manner or position in which something is situated.
״̬λãĳ״̬λ
A haunt or hiding place of an animal.
Ϣشش򾭳ûĵط
Sports The position of a golf ball that has come to a stop.
˶ ֹͣλã߶ֹͣλ
?
lie down
To do little or nothing:
Ϊһ޳ɣ
He's lying down on the job.
ڹһ޳
lie in
To be in confinement for childbirth.
ȴ
lie to 
To remain stationary while facing the wind.
裬ͺʱͣͲ
lie with
To be decided by, dependent on, or up to:
ɡȡڣӡ
The choice lies with you.
ѡ
Archaic To have sexual intercourse with.
 ĳԽ
?
lie low 
lay low
To keep oneself or one's plans hidden.
䣺ʹԼԼļƻΪ֪
To bide one's time but remain ready for action.
ȴʱ¶ɫʱ׼ж
?
Middle English lien 
йӢ lien 
from Old English licgan * see  legh- 
Դ Ӣ licgan *μ legh- 
?
lie
lie 2
AHD:[lo] 
D.J.[la!]
K.K.[la!]
n.ʣ
A false statement deliberately presented as being true; a falsehood.
ԣ˵Ĳʵĳѻ
Something meant to deceive or give a wrong impression.
Ŀƭɴĳ
v.ʣ
lied,ly.ing[lo1ng] lies 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To present false information with the intention of deceiving.
˵ѣΪƭṩʵϢ
To convey a false image or impression:
ɼ󣺴ĳּ
Appearances often lie.
󾭳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be in a specific condition or affect in a specific way by telling falsehoods:
ûƭģͨ˵Ѷʹһض״ضķʽӰ죺
You have lied yourself into trouble.
ĻԸԼ鷳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lyge * see  leugh- 
Դ Ӣ lyge *μ leugh- 
?
lie,equivocate,fib,palter,prevaricate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to evade or depart from the truth: 
Щʹе˼ǡӱܻʵࡱ 
a witness who lied under oath;
ΥԶѵ֤ˣ
didn't equivocate about her real purpose in coming;
õĿĲٴʣ
fibbed to escape being scolded;
ڶ
paltering with an irate customer;
һŭĹ˿ͣ
didn't prevaricate but answered forthrightly and honestly. 
ƭ̹ 

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layer
lay.er
AHD:[l3r] 
D.J.[6le!*]
K.K.[6le+]
n.ʣ
One that lays:
ߣ蹤ˣ
a tile layer.
߹
A hen kept for laying eggs.
µΪĸ
A single thickness of a material covering a surface or forming an overlying part or segment:
㣺ڱʻγɵǵĲֻλ
a layer of dust on the windowsill; a cake with four layers.
̨ϵһҳĲ㵰
A usually horizontal deposit or expanse; a stratum:
ز㣺ͨˮƽĳչ㣺
layers of sedimentary rock; a layer of warm air.
ĳңȿ
A depth or level:
ȻΣ
a poem with several layers of meaning.
ж㺬ʫ
Botany A stem that is covered with soil for rooting while still part of the living plant.
ֲѧ ѹ֦ʹͬʱǴĸֲһ
v.ʣ
lay.ered,lay.er.ing,lay.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide or form into layers:
ʹֿγɲΣ
layered gravel and charcoal to make a filter.
ɰľֲ̿ɹ
To cut (hair) into different, usually overlapping lengths.
ͷɲͬΣͨǵһĳ
Botany To propagate (a plant) by means of a layer.
ֲѧ ѹֲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form or come apart as layers.
γɻֳɲ
Botany To take root as a result of layering.
ֲѧ ͨѹ

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layman
lay.man
AHD:[l3mn] 
D.J.[6le!m*n]
K.K.[6lem*n]
n.ʣ
A man who is not a cleric.
ˣǽʿ֮
A man who is a nonprofessional:
Уδרҵѵˣ
His is just the layman's view of medicine.See Usage Note at man 
⺺ҽѧĿμ man

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layout
lay.out
AHD:[l3out] 
D.J.[6le!7a&t]
K.K.[6le7a&t]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of laying out.
ţ滮Ż滮Ϊ
An arrangement or a plan, especially the schematic arrangement of parts or areas:
滮ͼŻƻָֻԵͼʽţ
the layout of a factory; the layout of a printed circuit.
Ĳ֣ӡˢ·ͼ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
The art or process of arranging printed or graphic matter on a page.
ƣҳϲӡˢƷͼΪ
The overall design of a page, spread, or book, including elements such as page and type size, typeface, and the arrangement of titles and page numbers.
ͼҳƣҳֺš塢Ŀҳõ
A page or set of pages marked to indicate this design.
ʾƵһҳҳ
Informal An establishment or property, especially a large residence or estate:
ʽ լۡסլزָլׯ԰
[Her]  show horses . . . were kept on the couple's one-and-a-half acre Malibu layout (People)
 õȦԷ1.5ӢĶСׯ԰С ()

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lazy
la.zy
AHD:[l3z?] 
D.J.[6le!zi8]
K.K.[6lezi]
adj.ݴʣ
la.zi.er,la.zi.est 
Resistant to work or exertion; disposed to idleness.
ģƹŬģе
Slow-moving; sluggish:
ģ˶ģ̵ģ
a lazy river.
ĺ
Conducive to idleness or indolence:
ɢģ
a lazy summer day.
ʹ
Depicted as reclining or lying on its side. Used of a brand on livestock.
ģΪбĻɵġָϵӡ
?
[Probably of Low German origin] 
[Դڵ͵ص] 
?
lazily
adv.ʣ
laziness
n.ʣ
?
lazy,fainant,idle,indolent,slothful
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not disposed to exertion, work, or activity: 
Щݴе˼ǡԸŬж 
too lazy to wash the breakfast dishes;
̫ڲԸϴӣ
fainant aristocrats;
Ĺ壻
an idle drifter;
ɢߣ
a good-natured but indolent hanger-on;
ĵʳͣ
slothful employees. 
ɢĹ͹ 

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lead
lead 1
AHD:[l?d] 
D.J.[li8d]
K.K.[lid]
v.ʣ
led[ld] lead.ing,leads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To show the way to by going in advance.
죺ǰָ·
To guide or direct in a course:
һǣָ
lead a horse by the halter.See Synonyms at guide 
ǣμ guide
To serve as a route for; take:
Ϊͨ򡭵ĵ·
The path led them to a cemetery.
СǴĹ
To be a channel or conduit for (water or electricity, for example).
Ϊˮ磩򵼹
To guide the behavior or opinion of; induce:
Ϊգ
led us to believe otherwise.
ǲò
To direct the performance or activities of:
ָӣָӡıݻж
lead an orchestra.
ָӽ
To inspire the conduct of:
죺
led the nation in its crisis.
Σʱ쵼
To play a principal or guiding role in:
쵼ڡҪĻã
lead a discussion; led the antiwar movement.
ۣ쵼ս˶
To go or be at the head of:
죺ڻλǰУ
The queen led the procession. My name led the list.
ŮжǰСҵڵһλ
To be ahead of:
ȣڡǰ棺
led the runner-up by three strides.

To be foremost in or among:
ǰéڡдǰ棺
led the field in nuclear research; led her teammates in free throws.
ںоһָȫ
To pass or go through; live:
ȹ
lead an independent life.
Ŷ
To begin or open with, as in games:
ʼʼԿʼϷУ
led an ace.
ȴһA
To guide (a partner) in dancing.
赸죨飩
To aim in front of (a moving target).
ǰ׼ڣƶĿ꣩ǰ׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be first; be ahead.
ȣһǰ
To go first as a guide.
Ϊڵһλ
To act as commander, director, or guide.
ָӣָӹ١ָ߻򵼵ж
To afford a passage, course, or route:
ͨΪͨ··
a road that leads over the mountains; a door leading to the pantry.
ԽɽĹ·ͨ
To tend toward a certain goal or result:
£ĳĿ
a remark that led to further discussion; policies that led to disaster.
һ۵һ仰ѵ
To make the initial play, as in a game or contest.
ȿʼϷ
To begin a presentation or an account in a given way:
ԡʼһķʽʼչʾ
The announcer led with the day's top stories.
Աһеͷ¼Ϊʼ
To guide a dance partner.

To start a dance step on a specified foot.
裺ضĽĿʼһ貽
Baseball To advance a few paces away from one's base toward the next while the pitcher is in the delivery. Used of a base runner.
 ݣͶУߴԼһǰָ
Sports To begin an attack in boxing with a specified hand or punch:
˶ һȭȭضֻһʼ
led with a right to the body.
ֳȭ
n.ʣ
The first or foremost position.
ͷλãһǰ
One occupying such a position; a leader.
쵼ռһλõˣ쵼
The initiative:
ȣ
took the lead in setting the pace of the project.
ʼƻ
The margin by which one holds a position of advantage or superiority:
ȳ̶ȣռλõĲ
held a lead of nine points at the half.
볡ʱȾŷ
Information pointing toward a possible solution; a clue:
ṩһܽϢ
followed a promising lead in the murder case.
׮ıɱиһɿ
An indication of potential opportunity; a tip:
ԤףţǱڻָʾϢ
a good lead for a job.
ĺͷ
Command; leadership:
쵼
took over the lead of the company.
ȡù˾쵼Ȩ
An example; a precedent:
ӣǰ
followed his sister's lead in running for office.
ĺ󳾾ѡһְ
The principal role in a dramatic production.
ǣϷƷеҪɫ
The person playing such a role.
ǵˣɫ
The introductory portion of a news story.
űеԲ
An important, usually prominently displayed news story.
ͷţҪͨλϵű
Games 
Ϸ 
The first play.
һ
The prerogative or turn to make the first play:
ȷȨȻֵȳƣ
The lead passes to the player on the left.
Ȩתֵ
A card played first in a round.
һȳһ
Baseball A position taken by a base runner away from one base in the direction of the next.
 ݣߴһݷܶﵽλ
A leash.
Ƥ
Geology 
ѧ 
A deposit of gold ore in an old riverbed.
ɰ󣺹źӴĽɰ
See  lode 
μ  lode 
Electronics A conductor by which one circuit element is electrically connected to another.
ѧ ߣһ·Ԫһͨĵ
Nautical The direction in which a rope runs.
 ˶ķ
The distance aimed in front of a moving target.
׼ľ룺뱻׼ƶĿ֮ľ
?
lead off
To begin; start.
ʼ
Baseball To be the first batter in an inning.
 һеĵһλ
lead on
To keep in a state of expectation or hope; entice.
ջգʹһλϣ״̬ջ
To mislead; deceive.
󵼣ƭ
?
lead up to
To result in by a series of steps:
һϵв赼£
events leading up to the coup.
¼
To proceed toward (a main topic) with preliminary remarks.
ǰ루һҪ⣩
?
Middle English leden 
йӢ leden 
from Old English l?n * see  leit- 
Դ Ӣ l?n *μ leit- 
?
lead
lead 2
AHD:[ld] 
D.J.[led]
K.K.[lWd]
n.ʣ
Symbol Pb A soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena and used in containers and pipes for corrosives, solder and type metal, bullets, 
radiation shielding, paints, and antiknock compounds. Atomic number 82; atomic weight 207.19; melting point 327.5=C; boiling point 1,744=C; specific gravity 11.35; valence 2, 4.See 
table at element 
 Pb ǦһչԺͿɶԵģɫܶȽԪأҪӷǦȡڼװ䡢͸ʴܵϺǦӵԷͿϼԭ
82ԭ207.19۵327.5=Cе1,744=C11.35ϼ24μ element
A lead weight suspended by a line, used to make soundings.
ǦһǦƵˮ
Bullets from or for firearms; shot:
裺ӻĵͷӵ
pumped the target full of lead.
Ŀ
leads Strips of lead used to hold the panes of a window.
 leads Ǧ֧ŴǦ
Abbr. ld.Printing A thin strip of metal used to separate lines of type.
д ld.ӡˢ ǦһʹǦֵиϸ
leads Chiefly British A flat roof covered with sheets of lead.
 leads Ӣ Ǧƽݶ
Any of various, often graphitic compositions used as the writing substance in pencils.
ǦоָͨʯīɷֵǦõд
A thin stick of such material.
Ǧһϸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lead.ed,lead.ing,leads 
To cover, line, weight, or fill with lead.
ǦǣǦǡߡػװ
Printing To provide space between (lines of type) with leads.
ӡˢ ǦǦеĿ϶Ǧ
To secure (window glass) with leads.
Ǧӹ̣
To treat with lead or a lead compound:
ǦǦǦﴦ
leaded gasoline; leaded paint.
ǦͣǦͿ
?
get the lead outʽ
To start moving or move more rapidly.
ʼ˶ӿ˶
?
Middle English led 
йӢ led 
from Old English l?d 
Դ Ӣ l?d 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
lead
adj.ݴʣ

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leader
lead.er
AHD:[l?dr] 
D.J.[6li8d*]
K.K.[6lid+]
n.ʣ
One that leads or guides.
ߣ·
One who is in charge or in command of others.
ˣָ˵
One who heads a political party or organization.
죺쵼ĳһ֯
One who has influence or power, especially of a political nature.
ȨˣӰȨˣָʵ
Music 
֡ 
A conductor, especially of an orchestra, a band, or a choral group.
ָӣָӣָšֶӻϳŵ
The principal performer in an orchestral section or a group.
ϯԱڽĳһеҪ
The foremost animal, such as a horse or dog, in a harnessed team.
ͷͷߵһǰĶͷ
A loss leader.
Ʒ
Chiefly British The main editorial in a newspaper.
Ӣ ֽҪ
leaders Printing Dots or dashes in a row leading the eye across a page, as in an index entry.
 leaders ӡˢ ָߣӹҳĳŵ̻ߣ
A pipe for conducting liquid.
ˮܣҺĹܵ
A short length of gut, wire, or similar material by which a hook is attached to a fishing line.
ӹһν϶̵Ľӹߡ߻Ʋϣڰѵӵ
A blank strip at the end of a film or tape used in threading or winding.
հƬΣڽƬŴβĿհ׶ΣװƬƬ
Botany The growing apex or main shoot of a shrub or tree.
ֲѧ ֦ľľ˻Ҫ
An economic indicator.
ָ

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leadership
lead.er.ship
AHD:[l?dr-sh1p] 
D.J.[6li8d*7.!p]
K.K.[6lid+7.!p]
n.ʣ
The position or office of a leader:
쵼쵼ߵĵλְ
ascended to the leadership of the party.
ϵ쵼˵ı
Capacity or ability to lead:
쵼Ĳܻ
showed strong leadership during her first term in office.
ʾǿ쵼
A group of leaders:
һȺ쵼ߣ
met with the leadership of the nation's top unions.
ϻ쵼ǻ
Guidance; direction:
·ָ
The business prospered under the leadership of the new president.
ܲõ쵼

= =
leading
leading 1
AHD:[l?d1ng] 
D.J.[6li8d!0]
K.K.[6lid!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a position in the lead; foremost:
쵼λģǰеģ
the leading candidate.
ȵĺѡ
Chief; principal:
ҪģҪģ
the leading cause of high inflation.See Synonyms at chief 
¸ͨʵҪԭμ chief
Of or performing a lead in a theatrical production:
ݣϷƷҪɫģ
a leading role; a leading lady.
ǣǵŮʿ
Formulated so as to elicit a desired response:
յģΪĻشƶģ
a leading question.
һ
?
leadingly
adv.ʣ
?
leading
leading 2
AHD:[ld1ng] 
D.J.[6led!0]
K.K.[6lWd!0]
n.ʣ
A border or rim of lead, as around a windowpane.
ǦһǦƱ߽Χڴܵ
Printing The spacing between lines, usually measured in points.
ӡˢ оࣺ֮ĿոͨԵ

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leaf
leaf
AHD:[l?f] 
D.J.[li8f]
K.K.[lif]
n.ʣ
 leaves[l?vz]  
A usually green, flattened, lateral structure attached to a stem and functioning as a principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in most plants.
ҶӣھϵĽṹͨɫƽҲڶֲǹúͺҪ
A leaflike organ or structure.
Ҷ״ĽṹҶһٻṹ
Leaves considered as a group; foliage.
ҶӵܳƣҶ
The state or time of having or showing leaves:
֦ҶïҶʾҶӵ״̬ʱ䣺
trees in full leaf.
Ҷӵľ
The leaves of a plant used or processed for a specific purpose:
ر;ҶΪضĿĶʹûӹֲҶӣ
large supplies of tobacco leaf.
ҶӦܴ
Any of the sheets of paper bound in a book, each side of which constitutes a page.
ҶţװеֽţÿһΪһҳ
A very thin sheet of material, especially metal:
ƬһַǳƬ״ʣָģ
silver leaf.

A hinged or removable section for a table top.
棺ϲнӻƶĲ
A hinged or otherwise movable section of a folding door, shutter, or gate.
ȣ۵šҶװнƶĲ
One of several metal strips forming a leaf spring.
ƬƬɵļƬеһ
v.ʣ
leafed,leaf.ing,leafs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce leaves; put forth foliage:
ҶҶӣҶ
trees just beginning to leaf.
շѿľ
To turn pages, as in searching or browsing:
ҳҳѰУ
leafed through the catalog.
Ŀ¼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To turn through the pages of.
ҳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English l?f 
Դ Ӣ l?f 

= =
leaflet
leaf.let
AHD:[l?fl1t] 
D.J.[6li8fl!t]
K.K.[6lifl!t]
n.ʣ
One of the segments of a compound leaf.
СҶҶһС
A small leaf or leaflike part.
һСҶӻҶ״
A printed, usually folded handbill or flier intended for free distribution.
ɢҳӡˢƷɢӡˢõͨ۵Ĵ
v.ʣ
leaf.let.ed Ҳ leaf.let.ted leaf.let.ing leaf.let.ting leaf.lets leaf.lets  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hand out leaflets.
ɢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hand out leaflets to or in:
..ɢɢ
leafleted the morning commuters; leaflet a neighborhood.
糿ϰɢڸɢ

= =
league
league 1
AHD:[l?g] 
D.J.[li8g]
K.K.[lig]
n.ʣ
An association of states, organizations, or individuals for common action; an alliance.
ˣΪͬжɵĹҡ֯˼ϣ
Sports An association of teams or clubs that compete chiefly among themselves.Also called  loop 
˶ ֲϻ᣺ӻֲϻᣬҪڲбҲ  loop
A class or level of competition:
ˮƽ
The ski jump was out of his league.
ѩǿ
v.ʣ
leagued,leagu.ing,leagues 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together in or as if in a league.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring together in or as if in a league.
ʹ
?
Alteration  influenced by Italian lega 
    legaӰ 
of Middle English liege 
 йӢ liegeı仯 
from Old French ligue 
Դ ŷ ligue 
from Medieval Latin liga 
Դ  liga 
and from Old Italian lega, liga  from legare [to bind] 
Դ  lega, liga  Դ legare [] 
both from Latin lig3e * see  leig- 
Դ  lig3e *μ leig- 
?
league
league 2
AHD:[l?g] 
D.J.[li8g]
K.K.[lig]
n.Abbr. lea.ʣд lea.
A unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers).
һȵλ൱3.0Ӣ4.8
Any of various other units of about the same length.
һʾͬȵĵλ
A square league.
һƽ
?
Middle English lege 
йӢ lege 
from Old French liue, leguee 
Դ ŷ liue, leguee 
from Latin leuga [a measure of distance] 
Դ  leuga [һֳȶ] 
[of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
leak
leak
AHD:[l?k] 
D.J.[li8k]
K.K.[lik]
v.ʣ
leaked,leak.ing,leaks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To permit the escape, entry, or passage of something through a breach or flaw:
й©ͨȱڻѷʹĳݡͨ
rusted pipes that were beginning to leak; a boat leaking at the seams.
ʼ©ˮˮܣĽӷ촦©ˮ
To escape or pass through a breach or flaw:
©ͨȱڻѷݻͨ
helium leaking slowly from the balloon.
ش©
Informal To become publicly known through a breach of secrecy:
ʽ йܣڱܴʩ©ù
The news has leaked.
Ϣй©
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To permit (a substance) to escape or pass through a breach or flaw:
ʹ©һʣͨȱڻѷݻͨ
a damaged reactor leaking radioactivity into the atmosphere.
һ𻵵ķӦй¶
Informal To disclose without authorization or official sanction:
ʽ ԹδȨٷɶ¶
leaked classified information to a reporter.
鱨͸¶
n.ʣ
A crack or flaw that permits something to escape from or enter a container or conduit:
ѷ죺ʹĳݳһܵѿڻѷ죺
fixed the leak in the roof.
ݶϵ©
The act or instance of leaking.
й¶й©Ϊ
An amount leaked:
©
equipment used in cleaning up oil leaks.
©͵豸
Informal An unauthorized or a deliberate disclosure of confidential information:
ʽ Թδ͸¶鱨
Sometimes we can't respond to stories based on leaks(Ronald Reagan)
ʱǲܶй¶ȥϢӦ(ɵ¡)
Loss of electric current as a result of faulty insulation.
©磺ھԵöµĵʧ
The path or place at which this loss takes place.
©֮ʧ·ط
?
take a leak ٵ
To urinate.
С
?
Middle English leken 
йӢ leken 
probably from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
leaker
n.ʣ

= =
lean
lean 1
AHD:[l?n] 
D.J.[li8n]
K.K.[lin]
v.ʣ
leaned,lean.ing,leans 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bend or slant away from the vertical.
бӴֱλб
To incline the weight of the body so as to be supported:
УбԱ֧ţ
leaning against the railing.See Synonyms at slant 
ϲμ slant
To rely for assistance or support:
Իȡ֧֣
Lean on me for help.
ҵİ
To have a tendency or preference:
ϲãСϲã
a government that leans toward fascism.
з˹
Informal To exert pressure:
ʽ ʩѹ
The boss is leaning on us to meet the deadline.
ϰҪڽֹǰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set or place so as to be resting or supported.
ʹûԱϢ֧
To cause to incline.
ʹб
n.ʣ
A tilt or an inclination away from the vertical.
бƫ봹ֱλõбб
?
Middle English lenen 
йӢ lenen 
from Old English hleonian * see  klei- 
Դ Ӣ hleonian *μ klei- 
?
lean
lean 2
AHD:[l?n] 
D.J.[li8n]
K.K.[lin]
adj.ݴʣ
lean.er,lean.est 
Not fleshy or fat; thin.
ݵģû֬ģݵ
Containing little or no fat.
кٵģ֬
Not productive or prosperous; meager:
ģ򲻷ٵģƶģ
lean years.
Ǹյ
Containing little excess or waste; spare:
޶ģٸĵģģ
a lean budget.
ԣԤ
Thrifty in management; economical:
ԼģڹнڼģԼģ
Company leaders know their industries must be lean to survive(Christian Science Monitor)
˾֪Ǳڼάҵ(̿ѧԱ)
Metallurgy Low in mineral contents:
ұѧ ͺģɷֺ͵ģ
lean ore.
ƶ
Chemistry Lacking in combustible material:
ѧ ȱȼʵģ
lean fuel.
ͺȼ
n.ʣ
Meat with little or no fat.
⣺кٻû֬
?
Middle English lene 
йӢ lene 
from Old English hl?e 
Դ Ӣ hl?e 
?
leanly
adv.ʣ
leanness
n.ʣ
?
lean,spare,skinny,scrawny,lank,lanky,rawboned,gaunt
These adjectives mean lacking excess flesh.
Щݴʶָȱٸ⡣
 Lean  emphasizes absence of fat: 
 Lean  ǿȱ֬ 
The farmer tried to fatten the lean cattle for market.
ũͼţС
Spare  sometimes suggests trimness and good muscle tone: 
Spare  ʱָ״ܺã 
an old man, very tall and spare, with an ascetic aspect (William H. Mallock). 
 һλܸҲܾݵˣһɮӡ Hˣ 
She has the spare figure of a marathon runner.
и˶Աġ
Skinny   andscrawny  imply unattractive thinness, as that associated with undernourishment:  
Skinny  Scrawny ʾһֲӪйϵ  
The child has skinny, freckled legs with prominent knees.
ǺӵȺݣаߺۣϥͻ
He[had]  a long, scrawny neck that rose out of a very low collar  (Winston Churchill).
 ݳĲӣӿںܵ͵  ˹١𼪶
 Lank  describes one who is thin and tall,andlanky  one who is thin, tall, and ungraceful:  
 Lank  ݶߵˣlanky ָݸ߶ѿˣ  
He was . . . exceedingly lank, with narrow shoulders (Washington Irving). 
ǳݣխС ʢ١ŷģ 
She was transformed from a lanky adolescent into a willowy young woman.
һŮһλٸ
Rawboned  suggests a thin, bony, gangling build: 
Rawboned  ʾ㲡ѿ 
a rawboned cowhand with a weather-beaten, tanned face.
һλţУɹúںڵģ˪
Gaunt  implies thinness and boniness and a haggard appearance;it may suggest illness or hardship: 
Gaunt  ʾͷͻ㲵Ҳʾв 
a white-haired pioneer, her face gaunt from overwork and worry. 
һλ׷ԲԵػߣڹۺ͵Ƕ 
?
Lean
Lean
AHD:[l?n] David (Born 1908) 
D.J.[li8n]
K.K.[lin]
NONE޴ԣ
British filmmaker. His works includeThe Bridge on the River Kwai  (1957) and Lawrence of Arabia  (1962), both of which won Academy Awards. 
ά( 1908) ӢӰƬˣƷӴš 1957꣩ ˹ 1962꣩ƬѧԺ 

= =
leap
leap
AHD:[l?p] 
D.J.[li8p]
K.K.[lip]
v.ʣ
leaped  leapt [lpt, l?pt] leap.ing,leaps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spring or bound upward from or as if from the ground; jump:
Ծӵӵϵ
leaped over the wall; salmon leaping upriver.
ԾΧǽݺԾж
To move quickly or abruptly from one condition or subject to another:
ѸתһٻͻȻתһ
always leaping to conclusions.
ͻȻ
To act impulsively:
嶯ж
leaped at the opportunity to travel.
еĻʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To jump over:

couldn't leap the brook.
޷ԾСϪ
To cause to leap:
ʹԾ
leap a horse over a hurdle.
Ծդ
n.ʣ
The act of leaping; a jump.
ԾĶ
A place jumped over or from.
ĵطĵط
The distance cleared in a leap.
һľ
An abrupt or precipitous passage, shift, or transition:
䣺ͻȻ򼱴ٵͨ仯ɣ
a leap from rags to riches.
һԾΪ
?
by leaps and bounds
Very quickly:
ǳأ
growing by leaps and bounds.
÷ɿ
leap in the dark
An act whose consequences cannot be predicted.
޷ԤΪ
leap of faith
The act or an instance of believing or trusting in something intangible or incapable of being proved.
׽Ų׽޷֤֮Ϊ
?
Middle English lepen 
йӢ lepen 
from Old English hl?n 
Դ Ӣ hl?n 
?
leaper
n.ʣ

= =
learn
learn
AHD:[l?rn] 
D.J.[lT8n]
K.K.[lPn]
v.ʣ
learned Ҳ learnt [l?rnt] learn.ing,learns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gain knowledge, comprehension, or mastery of through experience or study.
ѧϰͨѧϰ֪ʶͨ
To fix in the mind or memory; memorize:
ס̶ͷԻУ䣺
learned the speech in a few hours.
Сʱͼסƪ˵
To acquire experience of or an ability or a skill in:
ѧ᣺ڡ顢ɣ
learn tolerance; learned how to whistle.
ѧݣѧᴵ
To become aware:
ʶ
learned that it was best not to argue.
ʶòҪ
To become informed of; find out.See Synonyms at discover 
ֲ֪μ discover
Non-Standard To cause to acquire knowledge; teach.
Ǳ׼ ̵ʹ֪ʶ̵
Obsolete To give information to.
 Ϣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gain knowledge, information, comprehension, or skill:
ѧϰ֪ʶϢɣ
learns quickly; learned about computers; learned of the job through friends.
ѧúܿ죻ѧϰԣͨ˽Ƿݹ
?
Middle English lernen 
йӢ lernen 
from Old English leornian * see  leis- 1
Դ Ӣ leornian *μ leis- 1
?
learnable
adj.ݴʣ
learner
n.ʣ

= =
learned
learn.ed
AHD:[l?rn1d] 
D.J.[6lT8n!d]
K.K.[6lPn!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing or demonstrating profound, often systematic knowledge; erudite.
ѧģлʾ²ͨϵͳ֪ʶģѧʵ
Directed toward scholars:
ѧԵģ
a learned journal.
ѧ
[l?rnd] Acquired by learning or experience:
[l?rnd] ѧõģͨѧϰõģ
learned behavior; a learned response.
ѧΪѧķӦ
?
Middle English lerned [educated] [past participle of] lernen [to learn, teach] * see  learn 
йӢ lerned [ܹ]  [] lernenĹȥִ [ѧϰ] *μ learn
?
learnedly
adv.ʣ
learnedness
n.ʣ
?
learned,erudite,scholarly
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having or showing profound knowledge: 
Щݴе˼ǡлʾµ֪ʶ 
a learned jurist;
ѧʶķ٣
an erudite professor;
ѧĽڣ
a scholarly treatise. 
ѧר 

= =
learning
learn.ing
AHD:[l?rn1ng] 
D.J.[6lT8n!0]
K.K.[6lPn!0]
n.ʣ
The act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill.
ѧϰ֪ʶɵΪ̻
Knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study.See Synonyms at knowledge 
ѧʶͨѧϰõ֪ʶɲμ knowledge
Psychology Behavioral modification especially through experience or conditioning.
ѧ ѧϰָͨ򻷾ӰɵΪ仯

= =
lease
lease
AHD:[l?s] 
D.J.[li8s]
K.K.[lis]
n.ʣ
A contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified period in exchange for a specified rent.
һضתʹûȨԻȡһԼ
The term or duration of such a contract.
ڣһԼ޻ʱ
Property used or occupied under the terms of such a contract.
ԼЧʹûռеĲƲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
leased,leas.ing,leas.es 
To grant use or occupation of under the terms of a contract.
ŵʹãԼЧ׼ʹûռ
To get or hold by such a contract.
ãͨһԼû
?
a new lease on life
An opportunity to improve one's circumstances or outlook.
Ľĳ״ǰĻ
?
Middle English les 
йӢ les 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from lesser [to lease] 
Դ lesser [] 
variant of Old French laissier [to let go] 
 ŷ laissierı [á뿪] 
from Latin lax3e [to loosen] 
Դ  lax3e [ɿ] 
from laxus [loose] * see  lax 
Դ laxus [ɵ] *μ lax
?
leasable
adj.ݴʣ
leaser
n.ʣ

= =
least
least
AHD:[l?st] 
D.J.[li8st]
K.K.[list]
adj.ݴʣ
 little߼ 
Lowest in importance or rank.
Ҫģλ͵
Smallest in magnitude or degree.
Сģ̶ȷС
Slightest or tiniest:
΢ģĻ΢Сģ
didn't care the least bit.
Ͳں
adv.ʣ
 little߼ʽ 
To or in the lowest or smallest degree.
СأﵽͻСĳ̶
n.ʣ
One that is the lowest or smallest in importance, rank, magnitude, or degree:
͵СҪԡλ̶ȷͻС
The dinner menu is the least of my worries tonight. The least you can do is to be polite.
һҲõ͵Ĳ˵ٿò
?
at least
According to the lowest possible assessment; not less than:
٣Ϳܵжϣڣ
waited at least an hour.
ٵһСʱ
In any event; anyway:
Σ
You might at least answer.
㲻ø
in the least
At all:

I don't mind in the least.
ҸͲ
least of all
Particularly not:
䲻
Nobody cared, least of all the manager.
û⣬Ǿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English l?t * see  leis- 2
Դ Ӣ l?t *μ leis- 2

= =
leather
leath.er
AHD:[lYr] 
D.J.[6leH*]
K.K.[6lWH+]
n.ʣ
The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed.
ƤѹƽϹĻƹĶƤָëȥ
Any of various articles or parts made of dressed or tanned hide, such as a boot or strap.
ƤƷһѹƽϹƹƤƳɵƷ򲿼
The flap of a dog's ear.
´
v.tr.ﶯʣ
leath.ered,leath.er.ing,leath.ers 
To cover wholly or in part with the dressed or tanned hide of an animal.
Ƥ︲ǣ򲿷ֵѹƽϹƹƤ
Informal To beat with a strap made of hide.
ʽ ޴ƤĴӳ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of, relating to, or resembling dressed or tanned animal hide.
ƤƵģѹƽϹƹĶƤƳɵģѹƽϹƹĶƤйػƵ
Slang Of, relating to, or patronized by people who dress in leather clothing primarily to indicate a preference for sadomasochistic sex:
ٵ ƤߵģƤߵġ֮йһɴƤ߻ݹ˵ģҪָԱ̬ϲģ
leather types; a leather bar.
Ա̬ͣԱ̬߻ݹ˵ľư
?
Middle English lether 
йӢ lether 
from Old English lether- 
Դ Ӣ lether- 

= =
leave
leave 1
AHD:[l?v] 
D.J.[li8v]
K.K.[liv]
v.ʣ
left[lft] leav.ing,leaves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go out of or away from:
뿪ӡ߳Զ룺
not allowed to leave the room.
׼뿪
To go without taking or removing:
£û߻ߣ
left my book on the bus.
ҵڹ
To omit or exclude:
ȥʡԻų
left out the funniest part of the story.
ʡ˹ȤĲ
To have as a result, consequence, or remainder:
ɡĽΪżӵУ
The car left a trail of exhaust fumes. Two from eight leaves six.
·ĺۼ˼
To cause or allow to be or remain in a specified state:
ά֣ʹڻ򱣳ĳһض״̬
left the lights on.
õ
To have remaining after death:
У
left a young son.
һ׵Ķ
To bequeath:

left her money to charity.
Ǯƻ
To give over to another to control or act on:
иתƻȡж
Leave all the details to us.
ϸڶ
To abandon or forsake:

leave home; left her husband.
ͥ뿪ɷ
To remove oneself from association with or participation in:
룺ʹԼ롭ϵ룺
left the navy for civilian life.
뺣ָƽ
To give or deposit, as for use or information, upon one's departure or in one's absence:
£ĳ뿪ʱԱʹû֪ĳ£
He left a note for you. Leave your name and address.
˷š͵ַ
To cause or permit to be or remain attainable:
ʹõ򱣳ֵõ
left myself plenty of time.
Լԣʱ
Non-Standard To allow or permit; let.
Ǳ׼ ɣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To set out or depart; go:
뿪뿪ߣ
When can you leave?
ʲôʱ뿪?
?
leave alone
To refrain from disturbing or interfering.
ţֹ
leave off
To stop; cease.
ֹͣ
To stop doing or using.
ֹͣʹ
?
Middle English leaven 
йӢ leaven 
from Old English l?n * see  leip- 
Դ Ӣ l?n *μ leip- 
?
leaver
n.ʣ
?
Leave alone  is acceptable as a substitute for let alone  in the sense to refrain from disturbing or interfering. The following examples were approved by a majority of the Usage 
Panel in an earlier survey: 
Leave alone ֹɽšһʱ let alone  ڽе÷У˶Ͽµ䣺 
Leave him alone and he will produce.
дġ
Left alone, he was quite productive. 
൱дܡ 
Those who do not accept these examples generally feelthatleave alone  should mean simply to depart from one who remains in solitude:  
Щ޳Щӵ˴󶼾ãleave alone ֻӦñʾ뿪ڹ¶еˡ壺  
They were left alone in the wilderness.  
ǱڿҰ֮С 
In formal writingleave  is not an acceptable substitute for let  in the sense to allow or permit. Onlylet  is acceptable in the following examples:  
ʽдУʾɡ˼ʱleave  let  Уֻlet ȷģ  
Let me be.
ҡ
Let him go.
ߡ
Let us not quarrel.
ǲҪ
Let it lie. 
 
?
leave
leave 2
AHD:[l?v] 
D.J.[li8v]
K.K.[liv]
n.Abbr. lv.ʣд lv.
Permission to do something.See Synonyms at permission 
ɣĳ²μ permission
Official permission to be absent from work or duty, as that granted to military or corporate personnel.
׼٣ܹ뿪ְʽɣ»˾ְԱ
The period of time granted by such permission.Also called  leave of absence 
׼ļڣͨɶõһʱҲ  leave of absence
An act of departing; a farewell:
𣺸Ϊ룺
took leave of her with a heavy heart.
صغ
?
Middle English leve 
йӢ leve 
from Old English l?e [dative and accusative of] l?af * see  leubh- 
Դ Ӣ l?e  [] l?afͱ *μ leubh- 
?
leave
leave 3
AHD:[l?v] 
D.J.[li8v]
K.K.[liv]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
leaved,leav.ing,leaves 
To put forth foliage; leaf.
ҶӣҶ
?
Middle English leaven 
йӢ leaven 
from leaf [leaf] * see  leaf 
Դ leaf [Ҷ] *μ leaf

= =
lecture
lec.ture
AHD:[lkchr] 
D.J.[6lekt.*]
K.K.[6lWkt.+]
n.Abbr. lect.ʣд lect.
An exposition of a given subject delivered before an audience or a class, as for the purpose of instruction.
ݽĳض⽲ڻ༶Ϊ˽Ŀ
An earnest admonition or reproof; a reprimand.
Ȱ֣
v.ʣ
lec.tured,lec.tur.ing,lec.tures 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a lecture or series of lectures.
ݽϵݽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a lecture to (a class or an audience).
༶ڣ
To admonish or reprove earnestly, often at length:
Ȱ𱸣ͨƪ۵أ
always lecturing me about my manners.
ѵҵò
?
Middle English [a reading] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin l??ra} 
Դ  l??ra} 
from Latin l?s [past participle of] legere [to read] * see  leg- 
Դ  l?s  [] legereĹȥִ [] *μ leg- 

= =
left
left 1
AHD:[lft] 
D.J.[left]
K.K.[lWft]
adj.Abbr. l.ݴʣд l.
Of, belonging to, located on, or being the side of the body to the north when the subject is facing east.
ߵģģģ򶫷ʱ䳯һġλڡڻ򶫷ʱ䳯һ
Of, relating to, directed toward, or located on the left side.
ģġйصġߵĻλߵ
Located on the left side of a person facing downstream:
󰶵ģ˳ʱλģ
the left bank of a river.
һ
Often Left Of or belonging to the political or intellectual left.
  Left ģڣĻ˼۵
n.ʣ
The direction or position on the left side.
󷽣ߵķλ
The left side.

The left hand.

A turn in the direction of the left hand or side.
תֻ߷ת
Often Left 
  Left 
The people and groups who advocate liberal, often radical measures to effect change in the established order, especially in politics, usually to achieve the equality, freedom, and well-
being of the common citizens of a state.Also called  left wing 
ʿӣӵɡȡĴʩӰִı˻Ⱥ壬ָ򣬾ΪȡһڹƽȡɼҲ  left wing
The opinion of those advocating such measures.
ۣӵִʩ˵Ĺ۵
Sports A blow delivered by a boxer's left hand.
˶ ȭȭһȭ
Baseball Left field.
 ⳡ
adv.ʣ
Toward or on the left.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lyft- [weak, useless]  in lyft3l [paralysis] 
Դ Ӣ lyft- [ģûõ]   lyft3 [̱] 
?
left
left 2
AHD:[lft] 
D.J.[left]
K.K.[lWft]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of leave 1
 leaveĹȥʽ͹ȥִ1

= =
leg
Important derivatives are: light2 leaven,lever,levity,alleviate,carnival,elevate,relieve,leprechaun,lung
ҪΪ light2 leaven,lever,levity,alleviate,carnival,elevate,relieve,leprechaun,lung
Light, having little weight.
, кٵ.
Suffixed form*leg wh-t- . 
Ӻ׺ʽ*leg wh-t- . 
light 2 , from Old English  lot , l?t , light; 
light 2 , Դ Ӣ  lot , l?t , ; 
lighter 2 , from Old English  lon , to lighten. Both a  and b  from Germanic  *loz . 
lighter 2 , Դ Ӣ  lon , . a  b Դ ն  *loz . 
Suffixed form*leg wh-u-i- . leaven , lever , levity ; alleviate , carnival , elevate , legerdemain , ( mezzo-relievo ), relieve , from Latin  levis , light, with its derivative lev3e , to lighten, 
raise. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*leg wh-u-i- . leaven , lever , levity ; alleviate , carnival , elevate , legerdemain , ( mezzo-relievo ), relieve , Դ   levis , ,  lev3e , , . 
Variant form*lag wh- . leprechaun , from Old Irish  l?- , small. 
ʽ*lag wh- . leprechaun , Դ Ű  l?- , С. 
Nasalized form*l(e)ng wh- . lung , from Old English  lungen , lungs (from their lightness), from Germanic  *lung- . 
ʽ*l(e)ng wh- . lung , Դ Ӣ  lungen , ࣨΪǺᣩ, Դ ն  *lung- . 
(seelei- ) Latin  obloosco} , to forget, attributed by some to this root, is more likely from lei- . 
μlei-)   obloosco} , , һЩδʸ, Դ lei-. 
?
Pokornyleg ?}h-  660. 
ƶleg ?}h-  660. 
?
leg
leg
AHD:[lg] 
D.J.[leg]
K.K.[lWg]
n.ʣ
A limb or an appendage of an animal, used for locomotion or support.
ȣ֫֫壬˶֧
One of the lower or hind limbs in human beings and primates.
ȣ鳤Ŀ֫֫еһֻ
The part of the limb between the knee and foot in vertebrates.
ȣ׵֫λϥǺͽŲ֮ǲ
The back part of the hindquarter of a meat animal.
ʳõȣ⣺ʳöβĺ벿
A supporting part resembling a leg in shape or function.
ȣȣ״Ƶ֧Ų
One of the branches of a forked or jointed object.
֧֣ؽڵķ֧
The part of a garment, especially of a pair of trousers, that covers the leg.
ŵģŲһָ֣Ӹ˫ȵһ
Mathematics Either side of a right triangle that is not the hypotenuse.
ѧ ֱǱߣֱγб֮ߵһ
A stage of a journey or course, especially:
һκ̻·ߣָ
Nautical The distance traveled by a sailing vessel on a single tack.
 һδг̣һֱʻеһκ
The part of an air route or a flight pattern that is between two successive stops, positions, or changes in direction.
һηк̣λĽ䡢λûת֮ķк߻ɻͼһ
One of several contests that must be successfully completed in order to determine the winner of a competition.
һֱеһɹԱھʤ
Sports One stretch of a relay race.
˶ еһ
legs The narrow streams of swirled wine that run slowly down along the inside of a glass, often believed to indicate that the wine is full-bodied.
 legs ״Һ֮زڱڻϸͨΪʾþŨҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
legged,leg.ging,legs ʽ 
To go on foot; walk or run. Often used with the indefiniteit : 
ߣܣУߣ߻ܡͲit ã 
Because we missed the bus, we had to leg it across town.
ΪǴ˹ֻòд
?
a leg to stand onٵ
A justifiable or logical basis for defense; support:
վסŵĻиݡ߼ı绤֧֣
He doesn't have a leg to stand on in this debate.
α绤Уȫվס
a leg upٵ
The act or an instance of assisting; a boost.
ЭΪʵ֧Ԯ
A position of advantage; an edge:
ƣĵλǿ
We have a leg up on the competition.
ξ
on (one's) last legs
At the end of one's strength or resources; ready to collapse, fail, or die.
ݽߣɲžĳǵľͷʧܻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse leggr 
Դ ˹ά leggr 

= =
legal
le.gal
AHD:[l?gl] 
D.J.[6li8g*l]
K.K.[6lig*l]
adj.Abbr. leg.ݴʣд leg.
Of, relating to, or concerned with law:
ɵģɵġ뷨йصġڷɵģ
legal papers.
ļ
Authorized by or based on law:
ģɷȨĻڷ֮ϵģ
a legal right.
Ȩ
Established by law; statutory:
ģɷɽģɳϵģ
the legal owner.
ӵ
In conformity with or permitted by law:
ϷģϷĵĻɵģ
legal business operations.
Ϸ⾭Ӫ
Recognized or enforced by law rather than by equity.
ϳϵģɷɶǹƽϿɻǿƵ
In terms of or created by the law:
Ϸģݷɹ涨Ļɷɹ涨ģ
a legal offense.
ϷĹ
Applicable to or characteristic of attorneys or their profession.
ʦģʦʦҵģʦʦҵص
n.ʣ
One that is in accord with certain rules or laws.
طߣĳЩ涨ɱһµ
legals Investments that may be legally made by fiduciaries and certain institutions, such as savings banks and insurance companies.Also called  In this sense, also called legal list 
 legals Ϸ֤ȯ˻ĳЩϷеͶʣ索кͱչ˾Ҳ  ڴҲɳ legal list
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin l?3lis} 
Դ  l?3lis} 
from l?x  l?g- [law] * see  leg- 
Դ l?x  l?g- [] *μ leg- 
?
legally
adv.ʣ

= =
legend
leg.end
AHD:[ljnd] 
D.J.[6led9*nd]
K.K.[6lWd9*nd]
n.ʣ
An unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical.
˵ʷ£ʱഫҵδ֤ʵĹ£ָЩձΪǻʷʵ
A body or collection of such stories.
䴫˵棩ѧֹ»¼
A romanticized or popularized myth of modern times.
ִ񻰣ִձе
One that inspires legends or achieves legendary fame.
дɫʻдʽ
An inscription or a title on an object, such as a coin.
Կ֣ģԿ壨Ӳң֮ϵֻ
An explanatory caption accompanying an illustration.
˵ָͼƬ˵õ
An explanatory table or list of the symbols appearing on a map or chart.
ͼԳڵͼϻͼейطŽн͵һ嵥
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French legende 
Դ ŷ legende 
from Medieval Latin (lecti?a [(lesson) to be read] 
Դ  (lecti?a [ ҪģΣ] 
from Latin [feminine gerundive of] legere [to read] * see  leg- 
Դ   [] legereԶδ [] *μ leg- 
?
The wordslegend  and legendary  have come to be used in recent years to refer to any person or achievement whose fame promises to be particularly enduring, even if its renown is 
created more by the media than by oral tradition.Strictly speaking,there is nothinglegendary  about the accomplishments of a major-league baseball star or the voice of a famous opera 
singer, since their accomplishments are documented in an extensive public record.But this new usage is common journalistic hyperboleand in such contexts is acceptable to 55 percent 
of the Usage Panel.
Щlegend  legendary 𽥱ָϣΪг־ɾͣ ʹͨڴýǿڱȡõġϸ˵
ڰܻİȡõĳɼһλĸ質ҵ˵ûʲô˵ǡġ  Ϊǵĳɾ͹Ϊ֪ǣ÷һֺ
ſַ÷ίԱ55%Ϊʹ

= =
legislation
leg.is.la.tion
AHD:[lj1-sl3shn] 
D.J.[7led9!6sle!.*n]
K.K.[7lWd9!6sle.*n]
n.Abbr. leg.,legis.ʣд leg.,legis.
The act or process of legislating; lawmaking.
ƶɣƶɵж̣
A proposed or enacted law or group of laws.
ɣ棺ƶķɻһ鷨

= =
legitimate
le.git.i.mate
AHD:[l-j1t-m1t] 
D.J.[l*6d9!t*m!t]
K.K.[l*6d9!t*m!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in compliance with the law; lawful:
ϷģշɵģϷģ
a legitimate business.
Ϸ
Being in accordance with established or accepted patterns and standards:
ģ뽨򱻽ܵĵ䷶ͱ׼һµģ
legitimate advertising practices.
Ĺ
Based on logical reasoning; reasonable:
ģ߼֮ϵģϺ߼ģ
a legitimate solution to the problem.
Ϻ߼Ľ취
Authentic; genuine:
ģʵģ
a legitimate complaint.
ʵıԹ
Born of legally married parents:
Ϸģ
legitimate issue.
Ϸ
Of, relating to, or ruling by hereditary right:
Ϯģݼ̳Ȩģ̳Ȩйصģɼ̳Ȩͳεģ
a legitimate monarch.
Ϸ
Of or relating to drama of high professional quality that excludes burlesque, vaudeville, and some forms of musical comedy:
ͳģڣӵи߼רҵϷģˣĳЩʽϲ磺
the legitimate theater.
ͳԺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
le.git.i.mat.ed,le.git.i.mat.ing,le.git.i.mates[-m3t]  
To make legitimate, as:
ʹϷ磺
To give legal force or status to; make lawful.
Ϸĵλ跨λʹϷ
To establish (a child born out of wedlock) as legitimate by legal means.
ֶͨθ˽ӣԺϷλ
To sanction formally or officially; authorize.
ʽ׼ȨʽػԹٷ׼Ȩ
To demonstrate or declare to be justified.
֤ΪϷ
?
Middle English legitimat [born in wedlock] 
йӢ legitimat [˽] 
from Medieval Latin l?3tus} [past participle of] l?gitim3re [to make lawful] 
Դ  l?3tus}  [] l?gitim3reĹȥִ [ʹϷ] 
from Latin l?s [legitimate] 
Դ  l?s [Ϸ] 
from l?x  l?g- [law] * see  leg- 
Դ l?x  l?g- [] *μ leg- 
?
legitimately
adv.ʣ
legitimateness
n.ʣ
legitimation
n.ʣ
legitimator
AHD:[-m3tr] ʣ

= =
leisure
lei.sure
AHD:[l?zhr, lzhr] 
D.J.[6li89*, 6le9*]
K.K.[6li9+, 6lW9+]
n.ʣ
Freedom from time-consuming duties, responsibilities, or activities.See Synonyms at rest 1
ʱ䣬ϾӻѴʱΡнѲμ rest1
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
leisure time; leisure travel.
ʱ䣻е
?
at (one's) leisure
When one has free time; at one's convenience:
ĳʱʱĳ˷ʱ
I'll return the call at my leisure.
пվͻݷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Norman French leisour 
Դ ŵ leisour 
from Old French leisir [to be permitted] 
Դ ŷ leisir [] 
from Latin lic?e 
Դ  lic?e 

= =
lemon
lem.on
AHD:[lmn] 
D.J.[6lem*n]
K.K.[6lWm*n]
n.ʣ
A spiny, Asian evergreen tree(Citrus limon)  widely cultivated for its yellow, egg-shaped fruit. 
ʣһ̵ֶļ ̽ ɫ״Ĺʵ㷺 
The fruit of this tree, having a yellow aromatic rind and juicy, acid pulp.
ʣĹʵлɫƤͶ֭
Color Lemon yellow.
ɫʡ ʻ
Informal One that is unsatisfactory or defective:
ʽ ȱ֮˲覴õ˻
Their new car turned out to be a lemon.
ǵ³ǴƷ
adj.ݴʣ
Color Lemon-yellow.
ɫʡ ʻƵ
Made from lemons.
Ƶ
Tasting or smelling like lemons.
ζģƷζ
?
Middle English limon 
йӢ limon 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian limone 
Դ  limone 
from Arabic laym?om?n} 
Դ  laym?om?n} 
from Persian lo?n} 
Դ ˹ lo?n} 
?
Although we know neither where the lemon was first grownnor when it first came to Europe,we do know from its name alone that it came to us from the Middle East,because we can trace 
its etymological path.One of the earliest if not the earliest occurrences of our word is found in a Middle English customs document of 1420-1421.The Middle English word, which was of 
the formlimon,  goes back to Old Frenchlimon,  showing that yet another delicacy passed into England through France.The Old French word probably came from Italianlimone,  another 
step on the route that leads back to the Arabic wordlaym?n  or lo?n,}  which comes from the Persian wordlo?n.}  
ȻǼȲ֪ĶֲģҲ֪ʲôʱ򴫵ŷ޵ģȴܵȷежϳǴжǵģΪǿ׷ݳ
Դķչ·ֵĻķּ¼14201421֮һйӢﺣļСйӢﵥʵʽlimon  ׷ݵŴеlimon 
һʣ һζɷӢŴﵥʺܿԴlimone  ͸ǰһػص˰еlaymun  limun  һԴڲ
˹limun  

= =
lend
lend
AHD:[lnd] 
D.J.[lend]
K.K.[lWnd]
v.ʣ
lent[lnt] lend.ing,lends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give or allow the use of temporarily on the condition that the same or its equivalent will be returned.
裺ĳʱ˻ʹãǱ뷵ͬ൱֮
To provide (money) temporarily on condition that the amount borrowed be returned, usually with an interest fee.
ǮʱṩǮ뷵ȵĽǮͨҪϢ
To contribute or impart:
ף裺
Books and a fireplace lent a feeling of warmth to the room.
ͷڵĻ¯һůĸо
To accommodate or offer (itself) to; be suitable for:
ڣΪṩѣԼ׸ʺڣ
The Bible lends itself to various interpretations.
ʥвͬĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a loan.See Usage Note at loan 
μ loan
?
lend a helping hand
To be of assistance.

?
Middle English lenden 
йӢ lenden 
from Old English l?n * see  leik w- 
Դ Ӣ l?n *μ leik w- 
?
lender
n.ʣ

= =
length
length
AHD:[lngkth, lngth] 
D.J.[le0kG, le0G]
K.K.[lW0kG, lW0G]
n.Abbr. l.ʣд l.
The state, quality, or fact of being long.
״̬ʻʵ
The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension:
ȣĳߴľ
the length of the boat.
Сĳ
A piece, often of a standard size, that is normally measured along its greatest dimension:
һΣһڣһα׼ȣָͨ׼ߴһΣһͨߴ߶ã
a length of cloth.
ϵĳ
A measure used as a unit to estimate distances:
Ĳλ
won the race by a length.
һӮñ
Extent or distance from beginning to end:
룬ȣյķΧ룺
the length of a novel; the length of a journey.
С˵ĳȣеľ
The amount of time between specified moments; the duration:
ʱĳ̣һʱ䣺ضʱ֮ʱʱ䣺
the length of a meeting.
ʱ
Often lengths Extent or degree to which an action or a policy is carried:
  lengths ̶ȣΧжʵеĳ̶ȻΧ
went to great lengths to prove his point.
֤Ĺ۵
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The duration of a vowel.
ӣԪĳʱ
The duration of a syllable.
ڵĳʱ
The vertical extent of a garment. Often used in combination:
³·ĴֱȡڸϴУ
knee-length; floor-length.
ϥǵģϵص
?
at length
After some time; eventually:
ڣһʱ֮
At length we arrived at our destination.
ڵĿĵ
For a considerable time; fully:
꾡أ൱һʱ䣻׵أ
spoke at length about the court ruling.
ͷͥþ˳ʱķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lengthu * see  del- 1
Դ Ӣ lengthu *μ del- 1

= =
lens
lens
AHD:[lnz] 
D.J.[lenz]
K.K.[lWnz]
n.ʣ
 lens.es 
A ground or molded piece of glass, plastic, or other transparent material with opposite surfaces either or both of which are curved, by means of which light rays are refracted so that they 
converge or diverge to form an image.
͸ƬһƬĥĻɵĲϻ͸ʣ෴ı棬еһΣַͨʽɽԱۼɢγͼ
A combination of two or more such pieces, sometimes with other optical devices such as prisms, used to form an image for viewing or photographing.Also called  compound lens 
ԶȵģͷƬ͸ɵ壬ЩҪĹѧ⾵ԱۿӰҲ  compound lens
A device that causes radiation other than light to converge or diverge by an action analogous to that of an optical lens.
侵һͨѧƬƵԭʹ߶ǹ߾ۼɢװ
A transparent, biconvex body of the eye between the iris and the vitreous humor that focuses light rays entering through the pupil to form an image on the retina.
״壬ˮ壺һ͸˫͹壬λںĤ벣֮䣬ʹͫ׽Ĺ߾ۼĤγͼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lensed,lens.ing,lens.es ʽ 
To make a photograph or movie of.
Ӱ
?
New Latin l?s 
ִ l?s 
from Latin [lentil (from the shape of a double convex lens)] 
Դ  [Сⶹ״˫͹] 
?
lensed
adj.ݴʣ

= =
less
less
AHD:[ls] 
D.J.[les]
K.K.[lWs]
adj.ݴʣ
 littleıȽϼ 
Not as great in amount or quantity:
ϣٵģϲģ
had less time to spend with the family.
нʱͼһ
Lower in importance, esteem, or rank:
ϲҪģϲģݽϵ͵ģҪԡ򼶱ϵ͵ģ
no less a person than the ambassador.
λȴʹ͵
Consisting of a smaller number.See Usage Note at few 
ɵĲμ few
prep.ʣ
With the deduction of; minus:
ȥ
Five less two is three.
523
adv.ʣ
 littleıȽϼʽ 
To a smaller extent, degree, or frequency:
ٵأΧ̶ȻƵʸСأ
less happy; less expensive.
ô˵ģϱ˵
n.ʣ
A smaller amount:
С
She received less than she asked for.
õıҪ
Something not as important as something else:
ϴҪĶ
People have been punished for less.
С¶ܵͷ
?
less than
Not at all:

He had a less than favorable view of the matter.
ø
much less 
still less
Certainly not:
ο
I'm not blaming anyone, much less you.
Ҹûκˣ˵
?
Middle English lesse 
йӢ lesse 
from Old English l?a  [adj.] 
Դ Ӣ l?a  [ݴ] 
l?s  [adv.] * see  leis- 2
l?s  [] *μ leis- 2

= =
lessen
less.en
AHD:[lsn] 
D.J.[6les*n]
K.K.[6lWs*n]
v.ʣ
less.ened,less.en.ing,less.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make less; reduce.
ʹСʹ
Archaic To make little of; belittle.
 ʹСʹС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become less; decrease.See Synonyms at decrease 
Сٲμ decrease
?
Middle English lessen, lessenen 
йӢ lessen, lessenen 
from lesse [less] * see  less 
Դ lesse [ٵģС] *μ less

= =
lesson
les.son
AHD:[lsn] 
D.J.[6les*n]
K.K.[6lWs*n]
n.ʣ
Something to be learned:
ΣҵѧҵҪѧϰĶ
lessons from observing nature.
ӹ۲ȻлõĶ
A period of instruction; a class.
һÿΣһڿ
An assignment or exercise in which something is to be learned.
Σѧϰĳҵѵ
The act or an instance of instructing; teaching.
γ̵̣̳̣ж̵
An experience, example, or observation that imparts beneficial new knowledge or wisdom.
飬ѵܸ֪ʶǻ۵ľӻ
The knowledge or wisdom so acquired.
飬ѵõ֪ʶǻ
A rebuke or reprimand.
ѵ⣬Ǵ
Often Lesson A reading from the Bible or other sacred text as part of a religious service.
  Lesson ʥѡΪڽʽһֶӡʥڽѡһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
les.soned,les.son.ing,les.sons 
To teach a lesson to; instruct.
ڿΣ
To rebuke or reprimand.
ѵ⣬Ǵ
?
Middle English lessoun 
йӢ lessoun 
from Old French leson 
Դ ŷ leson 
from Latin l??}  l?cti?n- [a reading] 
Դ  l??}  l?cti?n- [Ķ] 
from l?s [past participle of] legere [to read] * see  leg- 
Դ l?s  [] legereĹȥִ [Ķ] *μ leg- 

= =
lest
lest
AHD:[lst] 
D.J.[lest]
K.K.[lWst]
conj.Ӵʣ
For fear that:
Ψ֣⣺
tiptoed lest the guard should hear her; anxious lest he become ill.
ֺ·Ψе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tht?s the} [so that not] 
Դ Ӣ tht?s the} [Ϊ˲ʹ] 
from l?s [less] * see  less 
Դ l?s [ٵģС] *μ less

= =
let
let 1
AHD:[lt] 
D.J.[let]
K.K.[lWt]
v.ʣ
let,let.ting,lets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give permission or opportunity to; allow:
ã᣻
I let them borrow the car. The inheritance let us finally buy a house.See Usage Note at leave 1
ǽСŲʹǵԹһӲμ leave1
To cause to; make:
ãʹ
Let the news be known.
Ϣ
Used as an auxiliary in the imperative to express a command, request, or proposal:
ΪʹУʾ߽飺
Let's finish the job! Let x equal y.
ǰѹ꣡XY
Used as an auxiliary in the imperative to express a warning or threat:
ΪʹУʾв
Just let her try!
԰ɣ
To permit to enter, proceed, or depart:
롢ǰ
let the dog in.
ù
To release from or as if from confinement:
ͷţųӼлӼзų
let the air out of the balloon; let out a yelp.
ͷеĿ
To rent or lease:
裬⣺
let rooms.
ⷿ
To award, especially after bids have been submitted:
ѡаȥָб֮ѡаȥ
let the construction job to a new firm.
Ŀаһ¹˾
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become rented or leased.
⣬
To be or become assigned, as to a contractor.
аѡаа
?
let down
To cause to come down gradually; lower:
££ʹͣ
let down the sails.
´
To withdraw support from; forsake.
ӡ֧֣
To fail to meet the expectations of; disappoint.
ʹʧûдﵽģʹɥ
let on
To allow to be known; admit:
ϣ
Don't let on that you know me.
Ҫ֪ʶ
To pretend.
װ
let out
To come to a close; end:
ֹ
School let out early. The play let out at 11p.m.  
ѧУѧ硣 11 
To make known; reveal:
ʹ֪й¶
Who let that story out?
˭й¶Ϣ?
To increase the size of (a garment, for example):
Ŵ··ģߴ磺
let out a coat.
Ŵһ
let up
To slow down; diminish:

didn't let up in their efforts.
ûɾ
To come to a stop; cease:
ֹͣͣ
The rain let up.
ͣ
?
let alone
Not to mention; much less:
᣻˵
Their ancestors had been dirt poor and never saw royalty, let alone hung around with them(Garrison Keillor)
ǵҪûмԱ˵һˡ(ɭл)
let go
To cease to employ; dismiss:
ٹãͣ
had to let 20 workers go.
Ͷʮ
let off onʽ
To cause to diminish, as in pressure; ease up on:
ͣѹͣ
Let off on the gas so that we do not exceed the speed limit.
СԷֹ
let (one's) hair down
To drop one's reserve or inhibitions.
ĳ˵ľнѹ
let up on
To be or become more lenient with:
ϿݵضԴ
Why don't you let up on the poor child?
ΪʲôܽϿݵضԴĺ?
?
Middle English leten 
йӢ leten 
from Old English l?n * see  l?- 
Դ Ӣ l?n *μ l?- 
?
let
let 2
AHD:[lt] 
D.J.[let]
K.K.[lWt]
n.ʣ
Something that hinders; an obstacle:
ϰ谭
free to investigate without let or hindrance.
谭ɵ
Sports An invalid stroke in tennis and other net games that must be repeated.
˶ طбطЧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
let.ted  let let.ting,lets  
To hinder or obstruct.
ֹ
?
Middle English lette 
йӢ lette 
from letten [to hinder] 
Դ letten [ֹ] 
from Old English lettan * see  l?- 
Դ Ӣ lettan *μ l?- 

= =
letter
let.ter
AHD:[ltr] 
D.J.[6let*]
K.K.[6lWt+]
n.ʣ
A written symbol or character representing a speech sound and being a component of an alphabet.
ĸһдŻһĸɲ
A written or printed communication directed to a person or an organization.
ţĳ˻ĳ֯дӡͨѶ
Often letters A certified document granting rights to its bearer.
  letters ֤֤ĳЩȨ֤ļ
Literal meaning:
˼
had to adhere to the letter of the law.
طɵ˼
letters (used with a sing. verb)
 letters 뵥ã
Literary culture; belles-lettres.
ѧѧ
Learning or knowledge, especially of literature.
ѧ֪ʶָѧѧʻ֪ʶ
Literature or writing as a profession.
ѧң
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A piece of type that prints a single character.
һǦ֣ӡˢĳһֵǦ
A specific style of type.
ΣǦֵĳضӡˢ
The characters in one style of type.
Ǧ壺Ǧĳӡˢеַ
An emblem in the shape of the initial of a school awarded for outstanding performance, especially in varsity athletics.
УʽĻ£ѧУĸ״ƳɵĻ£ЩˣָЩѧб
v.ʣ
let.tered,let.ter.ing,let.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To write letters on.
д
To write in letters.
д
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To write or form letters.
д֣
To earn a school letter, as for outstanding athletic achievement:
Уĸ£ӮѧУĸд£ȡɼߣ
She lettered in three collegiate sports.
δѧлУĸ
?
to the letter
To the last detail; exactly:
ϸ֣ȷأ
followed instructions to the letter.
۲۵ָʾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French lettre 
Դ ŷ lettre 
from Latin littera 
Դ  littera 
perhaps from Etruscan 
Դ ³ 
from Greek diphthera [hide, leather, writing surface] 
Դ ϣ diphthera [ƤƤд] 
?
letterer
n.ʣ
?
letter,epistle,missive,note
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a written communication directed to another: 
Щʹе˼ָ˵һ潻ʽ 
received a letter of complaint;
յһͶţ
the Epistles of the New Testament;
Լʥʹͽţ
a missive of condolence;
οʹ
a thank-you note. 
л 

= =
level
lev.el
AHD:[lvl] 
D.J.[6lev*l]
K.K.[6lWv*l]
n.ʣ
Relative position or rank on a scale:
ȼĳһȼеλûλ
the local level of government; studying at the graduate level.
طһо׶εѧϰ
A relative degree, as of achievement, intensity, or concentration:
̶ȣˮƽɾ͡ǿȻŨȵԸߵͣ
an unsafe level of toxicity; a high level of frustration.
ԵΣնȣŭ
A natural or proper position, place, or stage:
ʵλãȻĻʵλáλ׶Σ
I finally found my own level in the business world.
ⳡҵԼλ
Position along a vertical axis; height or depth:
߶ȣȣֱϵλã߶Ȼȣ
a platform at knee level.
ϥƽ̨
A horizontal line or plane at right angles to the plumb.
ˮƽߣǦֱ߳ǵˮƽ߻ˮƽ
The position or height of such a line or plane.
ˮƽ߶ȣˮƽ߻ˮƽλû߶
A flat, horizontal surface.
ƽ̹ģˮƽı
A land area of uniform elevation.
ƽԭƽأ߶һµĵ
An instrument for ascertaining whether a surface is horizontal, vertical, or at a 45= angle, consisting essentially of an encased, liquid-filled tube containing an air bubble that moves to a 
center window when the instrument is set on an even plane.Also called  spirit level 
ˮ׼ǣȷһˮƽġֱĻǳ45ȽǵҪһܷġҺĲܹɣһݣһˮƽʱмĹ
Ҳ  spirit level
Such a device combined with a telescope and used in surveying.
ˮ׼ǣװԶװãڲ
A computation of the difference in elevation between two points by using such a device.
ˮ׼ʹװ߶ȵĲͬ
Computer Science A bit, an element, a channel, or a row of information.
ѧ ΣλλԪŵһϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Having a flat, smooth surface.
ƽ̹ģһƽ̹ġ⻬ı
Being on a horizontal plane.
ͬһˮƽϵ
Being at the same height or position as another; even.
ģһͬһ߶Ȼλõģˮƽ
Being at the same degree of rank, standing, or advantage as another; equal.
ͬȵģ˻ڵλ̶Ȼͬģƽȵ
Exhibiting no abrupt variations; steady:
ȶģҡģȶģ
spoke in a level tone.
˵ʱƽ
Rational and balanced; sensible:
ģƽģǵģ
came to a level appraisal of the situation; keeps a level head in an emergency.
عƣڽ侲ͷ
Filled evenly to the top:
ģ붥ƽģ
a level tablespoon of cough medicine.
һ׿ҩ
v.ʣ
lev.eled  lev.elled lev.el.ing  lev.el.ling lev.els  lev.els  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make horizontal, flat, or even:
ʹΪˮƽʹƽ̹ʹƽ
leveled the driveway with a roller; leveled off the hedges with the clippers.
ѹ··ƽüƽ
To tear down; raze.
٣ƽ
To knock down with or as if with a blow:
ûȭ
The challenger leveled the champion with a mighty uppercut.
սһϹȭھڵ
To place on the same level; equalize.
ʹȣʹƽȣѡͬһˮƽϣʹƽ
To aim along a horizontal plane:
ˮƽ׼
leveled the gun at the target.
ǹˮƽ
To direct emphatically or forcefully toward someone:
ֱָӻǿĳˣ
leveled charges of dishonesty.
ָĳ˲ʵ
To measure the different elevations of (a tract of land) with a level.
ˮƽˮ׼Ƕԣأˮ׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bring persons or things to an equal level; equalize.
ʹƽȣ˻ƽȵ£ʹƽ
To aim a weapon horizontally.
׼ˮƽ׼
Informal To be frank and open:
ʽ ϿҴˣֱˣ
advised the suspect to level with the authorities.
ȰɷԵ̹
adv.ʣ
Along a flat or even line or plane.
ˮƽأˮƽˮƽߵ
?
level off
To move toward stability or consistency:
ﵽƽȶ
Prices leveled off.
۸ȶ
To maneuver an aircraft into a flight attitude that is parallel to the surface of the earth after gaining or losing altitude.
ƽɣɻ򸩳ƽеƽ״̬
?
(one's) level best
The best one can do in an earnest attempt:
ŬԼõģ
I did my level best in math class.
ѧҾ
on the levelʽ
Without deception; honest.
ʵģ̹׵
?
Middle English [an instrument to check that a surface is horizontal] 
йӢ [һּĳһƽǷˮƽ] 
from Old French livel 
Դ ŷ livel 
from Vulgar Latin *lom 
Դ  *lom 
from Latin loa [diminutive of] lobra [balance] 
Դ  loa  [] lobraС׺ [ƽ] 
?
levelly
adv.ʣ
levelness
n.ʣ
?
level,flat,even,plane,smooth,flush
These adjectives are applicable to surfaces without irregularities in the form of elevations or depressions.
Щݴʱʾ߶ȻʽϹƽ档
 Level  implies being parallel with the line of the horizon: 
 Level  ˮƽƽе˼ 
acres of level farmland.
üĶˮƽũ
Flat  applies to surfaces without curves, protuberances, or indentations: 
Flat  ָûлȡ¡ݵı棺 
a flat desk;
ƽ棻
flat country;
ƽ̹Ĺң
a flat rock.
ƽ̹ʯ
Even  refers to flat surfacesin which no part is higher or lower than another: 
Even  ָƽ̹ı棬ûи߸ߵ͵͵ĵط 
The water in the pool is as even as a mirror.
еˮһƽ
Plane  is principally a mathematical termand refers to a surface containing all the straight lines connecting any two points on it: 
Plane  Ҫһѧָǰƽֱߵƽ棺 
a plane figure.
ƽͼΡ
Smooth  describes a surface on which the absence of even slight irregularities can be established by sight or touch: 
Smooth  ָһûκοԿĲĶ 
smooth marble;
⻬Ĵʯ
a smooth skin.
⻬Ƥ
Flush  applies to a surface that is on an exact level with an adjoining one,forming a continuous surface: 
Flush  ָһһֱͬһˮƽ߶ϣӶγһı棺 
a door that is flush with the wall. See also Synonyms at  aim 
ǽͬһƽϵ μͬ aim

= =
lever
lev.er
AHD:[lvr, l?vr] 
D.J.[6lev*, 6li8v*]
K.K.[6lWv+, 6liv+]
n.ʣ
A simple machine consisting of a rigid bar pivoted on a fixed point and used to transmit force, as in raising or moving a weight at one end by pushing down on the other.
ܸˣ̶ĳһᣬһּ򵥵װãһˣͨѹһ˶ƶһ˵
A projecting handle used to adjust or operate a mechanism.
ˣڻĳһеװõͻ
A means of accomplishing; a tool:
ߣֶΣﵽĿĵֶΣߣ
used friendship as a lever to obtain advancement.
굱ȡýĹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lev.ered,lev.er.ing,lev.ers 
To move or lift with or as if with a lever.
Ըܸƶûøܸƶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French levier 
Դ ŷ levier 
from lever [to raise] 
Դ lever [] 
from Latin lev3e 
Դ  lev3e 
from levis [light] * see  leg wh- 
Դ levis [] *μ leg wh- 

= =
liability
li.a.bil.i.ty
AHD:[lo-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[7la!*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[7la!*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 li.a.bil.i.ties 
The state of being liable.
Σλ״̬
Something for which one is liable; an obligation, a responsibility, or a debt.
ΣһӦ为Ρծ
liabilities The financial obligations entered in the balance sheet of a business enterprise.
 liabilities ծծĳһҵʲ֧ϵĲծ
Something that holds one back; a handicap.
谭õ; ϰ
Likelihood.


= =
liable
li.a.ble
AHD:[lo-bl] 
D.J.[6la!*b*l]
K.K.[6la!*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Legally obligated; responsible:
εģģշɸģεģ
liable for military service.See Synonyms at responsible 
з۵μ responsible
At risk of or subject to experiencing or suffering something unpleasant. Used withto : 
ܡӰģܻһЩõաto ã 
liable to criminal charges; liable to diabetes.
ܱߵģ׻򲡵
Often used with reference to an unfavorable outcome:
пܵģָͨĳֲõĽ
In a depression banks are liable to fail.
ھڼ䣬кܿܵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Old French lier [to bind] 
Դ ŷ lier [ʹԼ] 
from Latin lig3e * see  leig- 
Դ  lig3e *μ leig- 
?
Liable, apt,  and likely  are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose,  and  John is likely to lose.  The three 
words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable  should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule 
therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight  but notThe chair is liable to be slippery,  though constructions of the latter type have long been common 
in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the 
outcome.Thusapt  is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute  than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those 
idiots   (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car   (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an 
outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable  or apt.  It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to 
lose the election  may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election  does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the 
desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win  may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe 
are liable to win  may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note 
at likely 
Liableapt  likely ²ʽṹоԻ  John is liable to loseJohn is apt to lose  John is likely to lose  ʵ˼ġһϵ﷨
ΪֻеܲʽʾĶĲӰʱʹliable  ˵ԼֱӵĻ״ϵ  ˵ӿܺ
  ڹ淶дУһ͵ľѾձˡApt ͨʾĳֽĿԵȻ ˵߶Դ˽Щǡˣapt ھ ȼ
ÿʱֹͣת У ʹ˵ָҲпܱЩ׳ иȻ  ΪĲָҲȼϿܲĳʹʲô и 
 Ϊ˵ûΪһܲңLikely  liable  apt ߸ԡ ˵һĿԵǷкԣԼѡпܻʧ 
ܰʾʧܹԼĻûĳ£ Լѡпʧ ûְʾ ⣬Ҳûй˵߻Ƿϲĳһİʾһλ
˵We are apt to win  ܴзζ˵We are liable to win  ˼Ϊǿܻ䣻ֻ˵We are likely to win ȷʾϣʤ μ 
likely

= =
liar
li.ar
AHD:[lor] 
D.J.[6la!*]
K.K.[6la!+]
n.ʣ
One that tells lies.
˵ѵ

= =
liberal
lib.er.al
AHD:[l1br-l, l1brl] 
D.J.[6l!b*r*l, 6l!br*l]
K.K.[6l!b*r*l, 6l!br*l]
adj.Abbr. lib.ݴʣд lib.
Not limited to or by established, traditional, orthodox, or authoritarian attitudes, views, or dogmas; free from bigotry.
ɵģģܴͳġͳġϵĻרƵ̬ȡ۵Ƶģäӵ
Favoring proposals for reform, open to new ideas for progress, and tolerant of the ideas and behavior of others; broad-minded.
ģ޳ɸĸܽ˼ģԱ˵˼Ϊݵģؿ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of liberalism.
ģڡڻ
Liberal Abbr. Lib.Of, designating, or characteristic of a political party founded on or associated with principles of social and political liberalism, especially in Great Britain, Canada, and 
the United States.
 Liberal д Lib.ɵģڡɵģõԭΪ֮أָӢôɵ
Tending to give freely; generous:
ģ󷽵ģ
a liberal benefactor.
һλľ
Generous in amount; ample:
ģḻģ
a liberal serving of potatoes.
Ӧ
Not strict or literal; loose or approximate:
ϸ򲻾ģƵģ
a liberal translation.

Of, relating to, or based on the traditional arts and sciences of a college or university curriculum:
ĿƽģڡڻڴѧѧԺγеĴͳͿѧģ
a liberal education.
ѧĿƽ
Archaic Permissible or appropriate for a person of free birth; befitting a lady or gentleman.
 ģģʿŮ
Obsolete Morally unrestrained; licentious.
 ŵģϲܾģŵ
n.ʣ
A person with liberal ideas or opinions.
ߣ˼
Liberal Abbr. Lib.A member of a Liberal political party.
 Liberal д Lib.ɵˣɵĳԱ
?
Middle English [generous] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin lo3lis} 
Դ  lo3lis} 
from lor [free] * see  leudh- 
Դ lor [ɵ] *μ leudh- 
?
liberally
adv.ʣ
liberalness
n.ʣ
?
liberal,bounteous,bountiful,freehanded,generous,handsome,munificent,openhanded
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is willing or marked by a willingness to give unstintingly: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡԸػֳԸؿ衱 
a liberal backer of the arts;
һλĿ֧ߣ
a bounteous feast;
һٷʢϯ
bountiful compliments;
Ĺά֮ǣ
a freehanded host;
󷽵ˣ
a generous donation;
ľ
a handsome offer;
ĸ裻
a munificent gift;

a fond and openhanded grandfather. See also Synonyms at  broad-minded stingy 
Ȱ󷽵游 μͬ broad-mindedstingy

= =
liberate
lib.er.ate
AHD:[l1b-r3t] 
D.J.[6l!b*7re!t]
K.K.[6l!b*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lib.er.at.ed,lib.er.at.ing,lib.er.ates 
To set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control.
ţͷţѹ¡лͳ
Chemistry To release (a gas, for example) from combination.
ѧ ͳĳֻͷŻų壩
Slang To obtain by illegal means, as by looting:
ٵ ӣԷǷֶλãͨӣ
some fine brandy we had liberated from the Germans during World War II.
ЩϺõİڶսڼӵ¹
?
Latin lo3re}  lober3t- 
 lo3re}  lober3t- 
from lor [free] * see  leudh- 
Դ lor [] *μ leudh- 
?
liberatingly
adv.ʣ
liberator
n.ʣ

= =
liberation
lib.er.a.tion
AHD:[l1b-r3shn] 
D.J.[7l!b*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7l!b*6re.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.
ţŵΪ򱻽ŵ״̬
The act or process of trying to achieve equal rights and status.
˶ͼƽȨ͵λΪ
?
liberationist
n.ʣ

= =
liberty
lib.er.ty
AHD:[l1br-t?] 
D.J.[6l!b*ti8]
K.K.[6l!b*ti]
n.ʣ
 lib.er.ties 
The condition of being free from restriction or control.
ɣԼ½ų״
The right and power to act, believe, or express oneself in a manner of one's own choosing.
ԼѡΪ۵Ȩ
The condition of being physically and legally free from confinement, servitude, or forced labor.See Synonyms at freedom 
ɣūۻǿͶнųϺͷɵ״μ freedom
Freedom from unjust or undue governmental control.
ɣӲĻǷ½ų
A right and power to engage in certain actions without control or interference:
ȨܿƻشĳЩΪȨ
the liberties protected by the Bill of Rights.
ܡȨȨ
Often liberties 
  liberties 
A breach or overstepping of propriety or social convention.
Խ죺Υ̤ڻϰ
A statement, an attitude, or an action not warranted by conditions or actualities:
ʵ̬ȻΪ
a historical novel that takes liberties with chronology.
һı˳ʷС˵
An unwarranted risk; a chance:
ðգ᣺
took foolish liberties on the ski slopes.
ڻѩµ޴ð
A period, usually short, during which a sailor is authorized to go ashore.
ϰ̼٣ˮֱ׼ϰһʱ䣬ͨܶ
?
at liberty
Not in confinement or under constraint; free.
ɣԼĻƵģɵ
Not employed, occupied, or in use.
еģռõĻ򲻱ʹõ
?
Middle English liberte 
йӢ liberte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin lo3s} 
Դ  lo3s} 
from lor [free] * see  leudh- 
Դ lor [ɵ] *μ leudh- 
?
Liberty
Lib.er.ty
AHD:[l1br-t?] 
D.J.[6l!b*ti8]
K.K.[6l!b*ti]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of western Missouri, an industrial suburb of Kansas City. Population, 20,459.
٣һУǿ˹ǵһҵ˿20,459

= =
librarian
li.brar.i.an
AHD:[lo-brar?-n] 
D.J.[la!6bre*ri8*n]
K.K.[la!6brWri*n]
n.Abbr. lib.ʣд lib.
A person who is a specialist in library work.
ͼԱͼݹרҵԱ
Computer Science A program used in maintaining a library, especially that of an operating system.
ѧ άĳһĳָάϵͳĳ
?
librarianship
n.ʣ

= =
library
li.brar.y
AHD:[lobrr?] 
D.J.[6la!7breri8]
K.K.[6la!7brWri]
n.ʣ
 li.brar.ies д lib.
A place in which literary and artistic materials, such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference, or lending.
ͼݣ¥һѧϵĵط鼮ڿֽСӡӡˢƷƬŴȣɹĶĺͽ
A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged.
飺ЩϵļϣָϵͳءйеĲ
A room in a private home for such a collection.
ݣի˽˼зֲ
An institution or a foundation maintaining such a collection.
⣺ӵֲĻ
A commercial establishment that lends books for a fee.
ͼ⴦շѵҵ
A series or set of books issued by a publisher.
飺̳һϵлһͼ
A collection of recorded data or tapes arranged for ease of use.
Ŵ⣬Ͽ⣺Ϊʹö¼ݻŴ
Computer Science A collection of standard programs, routines, or subroutines, often related to a specific application, that are available for general use.
ѧ ⣺ͨһضӦóйصı׼гӳļϣɹһʹ
?
Middle English librarie 
йӢ librarie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin libr3m [bookcase] [from neuter of] libr3rius [of books] 
Դ  libr3m []  [] Դlibr3riusԴ [йص] 
from liber  libr- [book] 
Դ liber  libr- [] 

= =
license
li.cense
AHD:[losns] 
D.J.[6la!s*ns]
K.K.[6la!s*ns]
n.ʣ
Official or legal permission to do or own a specified thing.See Synonyms at permission 
ɣٷռĳһضμ permission
Proof of permission granted, usually in the form of a document, card, plate, or tag:
֤飬֤ĳɵ֤ͨʽΪļջƣ
a driver's license.
ʻִ
Deviation from normal rules, practices, or methods in order to achieve a certain end or effect:
ƫһĹϰ߻򷽷ԴﵽĳĿĻЧ
poetic license.
ʫĴ
Latitude of action, especially in behavior or speech.See Synonyms at freedom 
Ϊɣ۵ɣжɣָΪ۲μ freedom
Lack of due restraint; excessive freedom:
ݣȱҪƣȵɣ
When liberty becomes license, dictatorship is near(Will Durant)
ɱɷݣҲٽ()
Heedlessness for the precepts of proper behavior; licentiousness.
ŵңעȷΪĹ룻ŵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
li.censed,li.cens.ing,li.cens.es 
To give or yield permission to or for.
ͬ⣺׼
To grant a license to or for; authorize.See Synonyms at authorize 
׼֤Ȩμ authorize
?
Middle English licence 
йӢ licence 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin licentia [authorization] 
Դ  licentia [] 
from Latin [freedom] 
Դ  [] 
from lic?s  licent- [present participle of] lic?re [to be permitted] 
Դ lic?s  licent-  [] lic?reڷִ [] 
?
licensable
adj.ݴʣ
licenser  
licensor
AHD:[-sn-s?r] ʣ

= =
lick
lick
AHD:[l1k] 
D.J.[l!k]
K.K.[l!k]
v.ʣ
licked,lick.ing,licks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass the tongue over or along:
ڡ֮ϻš
lick a stamp.
һƱ
To lap up.
ʳ
To lap or flicker at like a tongue:
ģͷһĻڶ
The waves licked the sides of the boat.
˻С۵Ĵ
Slang To punish with a beating; thrash.
ٵ ᣺ͷ
Slang To get the better of; defeat:
ٵ ռϷ磻ܣ
licked her weight problem.
˷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass or lap quickly and rapidly:
̣ٵؾĴ
The flames licked at our feet.
糯ǽ¾˹
n.ʣ
The act or process of licking.
Ķ
A small quantity; a bit:
һ
hasn't got a lick of common sense.
ûһʶ
A deposit of exposed natural salt that is licked by passing animals.
μأ¶Ȼεĵط·Ķﳣȥʳ
A sudden hard stroke; a blow.
ͻ
Informal Speed; pace:
ʽ ٶȣ٣
moving along at a good lick.
ƶúܿ
Music A phrase improvised by a soloist, especially on the guitar or banjo.
֡ СţһɶԱ˴־䣬ָڼ׿ɵ
?
lick and a promise
A superficial effort made without care or enthusiasm.
ʵŬʵػıϵŬ
lick into shapeʽ
To bring into satisfactory condition or appearance.
ʹΣʹĳûʹĳ
lick (one's) chops
To anticipate delightedly.
˵ڴ
lick (one's) wounds
To recuperate after a defeat.
Ӵлָ
?
Middle English licken 
йӢ licken 
from Old English liccian * see  leigh- 
Դ Ӣ liccian *μ leigh- 
?
licker
n.ʣ

= =
lid
lid
AHD:[l1d] 
D.J.[l!d]
K.K.[l!d]
n.ʣ
A removable or hinged cover for a hollow receptacle or box.
ǣһпϣõĻлҳĸ
An eyelid.

Biology A flaplike covering, such as an operculum.
ѧ Ƭ״ǣ
A curb, restraint, or limit:
ơֹƣ
approved a new lid on corporate spending.
ͬڹ˾֧
Informal An act of concealment; a cover:
ʽ صĶڸǣ
told us to keep a lid on the report until the campaign was over.
棬ֱ˶
Slang A hat.
ٵ ñ
Slang An ounce of marijuana.
ٵ һ˾Ĵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lid.ded,lid.ding,lids 
To cover with or as if with a lid.
ûøӸס
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hlid * see  klei- 
Դ Ӣ hlid *μ klei- 

= =
lieutenant
lieu.ten.ant
AHD:[l?-tnnt] 
D.J.[lu86ten*nt]
K.K.[lu6tWn*nt]
n.ʣ
Abbr. Lt.A commissioned rank in the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard that is above lieutenant junior grade and below lieutenant commander.
д Lt.ξ򺣰ӵľΣںξںУ
A first lieutenant.
ξ
A second lieutenant.
ξ
One who holds the rank of lieutenant, first lieutenant, or second lieutenant.
ξ٣ξξξε
[lf-tnnt] A commissioned officer in the British and Canadian navies ranking just below a lieutenant commander.
[lf-tnnt] ξӢͼô󺣾еľ٣νںУ
An officer in a police or fire department ranking below a captain.
ӳеľ٣εξ
One who acts in place of or represents a superior; an assistant or a deputy:
ԱְԱϼжˣ
the organized crime figure and his lieutenants.See Synonyms at assistant 
Żﷸĸǲμ assistant
?
Middle English [deputy] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
lieu [lieu] * see  lieu 
lieu [] *μ lieu
tenant [present participle of] tenir [to hold]  from Latin ten?e * see  ten- 
tenant  [] tenirڷִ []  Դ  ten?e *μ ten- 
?
lieutenancy
n.ʣ
?
What is the connection between a lieutenant governor and a lieutenant in the army?In the etymology of the wordlieutenant,  at least, the connection lies in their holding a place;that is, 
the wordlieutenant  is from an Old French compound made up of lieu,  place, and tenant,  holding, the present participle of the verb tenir,  to hold. The word in Old French 
and the borrowed Middle English wordlieutenant,  first recorded near the end of the 14th century, referred to a person who acted for another as a deputy.This usage has survived,for 
example, in our termlieutenant governor,  the deputy of the governor and the one who replaces the governor if need be. In military parlancelieutenant  appears by itself as well as in 
compounds such asfirst lieutenant  and second lieutenant,  which muddy the water a bit,but the original notion of the word in military usage was that the officer it referred to ranked 
below the next one upand could replace him if need be.A lieutenant in the U.S. Army could thus step into the shoes of a captain.
ݳ½ξ֮ʲôϵ?lieutenant ʵĴԴ˵ ٣ϵǶӵһλãҲ˵lieutenant Դһŷ︴ϴʣ lieu 
 tenant ӵС tenir УӵСڷִɡ ŷʺͽõйӢlieutenant ¼14ĩ ôָǴ
ĳµˡ÷ʹã磬ǵĶlieutenant governorݳ ݳĸְͱҪʱݳˡ ھУlieutenant ֣ Ҳڸϴ
first lieutenant  second lieutenants г֣ 㸴һЩھеԭʼָľٵһ٣ڱҪʱȡˣ½
һξȡξ

= =
life
life
AHD:[lof] 
D.J.[la!f]
K.K.[la!f]
n.ʣ
 lives[lovz]  
Biology 
ѧ 
The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response 
to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism.
лл޻ԺʣҪ³´лֳԴ̼ķӦԻӦл屾еĻ
The characteristic state or condition of a living organism.
ле״̬״
Living organisms considered as a group:
лܳƣ
plant life; marine life.
ֲ
A living being, especially a person:
ˣָˣ
an earthquake that claimed hundreds of lives.
ɼ
The physical, mental, and spiritual experiences that constitute existence:
ɴڵ;飺
the artistic life of a writer.
һҵ
The interval of time between birth and death:
һӳ֮ʱ䣺
She led a good, long life.
һҸ
The interval of time between one's birth and the present:
ĳ˳Ŀǰһʱ䣺
has had hay fever all his life.
һһֱݲ
A particular segment of one's life:
׶Σһһеĳһض׶Σ
my adolescent life.
ҵʱ
The period from an occurrence until death:
ӳһֱʱڣ
elected for life; paralyzed for life.
Ϊѡ̱
Slang A sentence of imprisonment lasting till death.
ٵ ֱһ̷
The time for which something exists or functions:
ʹڣЧڣĳڻʱ䣺
the useful life of a car.
ʹ
A spiritual state regarded as a transcending of corporeal death.
ڣһֱΪԽľ״̬
An account of a person's life; a biography.
ǣĳļ
Human existence, relationships, or activity in general:
˵Ĵڡϵ
real life; everyday life.
ʵճ
A manner of living:
ʽ
led a hard life.
żѵ
A specific, characteristic manner of existence. Used of inanimate objects:
ڣһضġصĴڷʽ壺
Great institutions seem to have a life of their own, independent of those who run them(New Republic)
ƺԼĴڷʽھӪǵˡ(¹͹)
The activities and interests of a particular area or realm:
罻ĳһĵĻȤ
musical life in New York.
ŦԼֻ
A source of vitality; an animating force:
ԴȪԾ
She's the life of the show.
ݳԾ
Liveliness or vitality; animation:

a face that is full of life.

Something that actually exists regarded as a subject for an artist:
ģͣΪҵȷʵڵĶ
painted from life.
д滭
Actual environment or reality; nature.
£ʵʵĻʵȻ
Christian Science God.
̿ѧɡ ϵ
?
as big as life
Life-size.
ʵһС
Actually present.
ȷȷʵʵڵ
bring to life
To cause to regain consciouness.
ʹָ֪
To put spirit into; to animate.
ʹԾʹ
To make lifelike.
ʹ
come to life
To become animated; grow excited.
ûԾ˷
for dear life
Desperately or urgently:
ƴأأ
I ran for dear life when I saw the tiger.
ҿϻʱҸе
for life
Till the end of one's life.
ֱս
for the life of (one)
Though trying hard:
Σ
For the life of me I couldn't remember his name.
Ҳ벻
not on your lifeʽ
Absolutely not; not for any reason whatsoever.
ԲҲ
take (one's) life
To commit suicide.
ɱ
take (someone's) life
To commit murder.
ıɱ
the good life
A wealthy, luxurious way of living.
ԣݳ޵ʽ
the life of Rileyʽ
An easy life.
ʵ
the life of the partyʽ
An animated, amusing person who is the center of attention at a social gathering.
ۻ罻עĽĻԾġȤ
to save (one's) life
No matter how hard one tries:
Σĳ˶ôŬ
He can't ski to save his life.
ҲỬѩ
true to life
Conforming to reality.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lof * see  leip- 
Դ Ӣ lof *μ leip- 

= =
lifetime
life.time
AHD:[loftom] 
D.J.[6la!f7ta!m]
K.K.[6la!f7ta!m]
n.ʣ
The period of time during which an individual is alive.
һһһʱ
The period of time during which property, an object, a process, or a phenomenon exists or functions.
ڣЧڣĳʡ塢̻ڻõһʱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a lifetime guarantee; lifetime membership.
ϣԱʸ

= =
lift
lift
AHD:[l1ft] 
D.J.[l!ft]
K.K.[l!ft]
v.ʣ
lift.ed,lift.ing,lifts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise:
ᣬ̧һϵ͵λŪᵽһϸߵλã
lift one's eyes; lifted the suitcase.
̧˫ۣ
To transport by air:
ˣ
The helicopter lifted the entire team to the meet.
ֱɻȫӿ˵˶ֳ
To revoke by taking back; rescind:

lifted the embargo.
ȡ
To bring an end to (a blockade or siege) by removing forces.
ͨװֹΧ
To cease (artillery fire) in an area.
ͣĳһֹͣڻ
To raise in condition, rank, or esteem.
ߵλ
To uplift; elate:
裻ܣ
Your telephone call really lifted my spirits.
ĵ绰ҵľ
To remove (plants) from the ground for transplanting.
ֲѣֲӵԱֵ
To project or sound in loud, clear tones:
ߣɤţʹ
lifted their voices in song.
ʱɤ
Informal To steal; pilfer:
ʽ ԣȡ
A thief lifted my wallet.
С͵ҵǮ
Informal To copy from something already published; plagiarize:
ʽ ϮѷĶճȡ
lifted whole paragraphs from the encyclopedia.
ζǴӰٿȫճ
To pay off or clear (a debt or mortgage, for example).
峥壨ծ⣩
To perform cosmetic surgery on (the face), especially in order to remove wrinkles or sagging skin.
ݣ沿ָΪȥƻɳڵƤ
Sports To hit (a golf ball) very high into the air.
˶ 򣩣߶򣩸߸ߵش򵽿
To pick up (a golf ball) to place it in a better lie.
ѡţ𣨸߶򣩷ڸõλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise; ascend.

To yield to upward pressure:
ɸ߾٣
These windows lift easily.
Щ׾
To disappear or disperse by or as if by rising:
ɢͨͨʧɢ
By afternoon the smog had lifted.
ɢ
To stop temporarily:
ʱͣ
The rain lifted by morning.
峿ͣ
To become elevated; soar:
ܵ裻еˣ
Their spirits lifted when help came.
Ԯʱǵܵ˹
n.ʣ
The act or process of rising or raising to a higher position.
ϸλõĶ
Power or force available for raising:
ʹߵ
the lift of a pump.
õ
An amount or a weight raised or capable of being raised at one time; a load.
һܾװ
The extent or height to which something is raised or rises; the amount of elevation.
߶ȣĳ߻ߵĸ߶Ȼ̶ȣߵ
The distance or space through which something is raised or rises.
̣ĳ߻ľռ
A rise or an elevation in the level of the ground.
ڵƽϵ
An elevation of the spirits:
ܣ»ߣ
The good news gave us a lift.
ϢǾ
A raised, high, or erect position, as of a part of the body:
ߵġߵĻֱλãĳһ֣
the lift of his chin.
°
A machine or device designed to pick up, raise, or carry something.
ػǧﶥ̧ߡ߻ĳĻװ
One of the layers of leather, rubber, or other material making up the heel of a shoe.
ЬʣһЬƤ𽺻
Chiefly British A passenger or cargo elevator.
Ӣ ݣؿͻػ
A ride in a vehicle given to help someone reach a destination:
㳵ĳ˴乤ԵĳĿĵأ
gave my friend a lift into town.
Ѵ㳵
Assistance or help:
Ԯ
gave her a lift with her heavy packages.
̧Щصİ
A set of pumps used in a mine.
һͲʹõһױ
The component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an airfoil or on an entire aircraft or winged missile perpendicular to the relative wind and normally exerted in an upward 
direction, opposing the pull of gravity.
ڻѧɲ֣Է紹ֱ÷ϣ÷෴
?
lift off
To begin flight:
䣺
The spacecraft lifted off at noon.
ɻ緢
?
lift fire
To increase the range of artillery fire by elevating the muzzle of a piece.
̣ڿӴڻ
?
Middle English liften 
йӢ liften 
from Old Norse lypta 
Դ ˹ά lypta 
?
liftable
adj.ݴʣ
lifter
n.ʣ
?
lift,raise,rear,elevate,hoist,heave,boost
These verbs mean to move something from a lower to a higher level or position.
Щʵ˼ʹĳӽϵƵϸˮƽλá
 Lift  sometimes stresses the expenditure of effort: 
 Lift  ʱǿѵŬ 
a trunk too heavy to lift;
̫ض᲻䣻
requires three men to lift the piano.
Ҫ˲̧ܸ١
Raise  often implies movement to an approximately vertical position: 
Raise  ָƶϴֱλã 
raised the window slightly;
̧𴰻
raising a monument to the war dead.
Ϊսеһ
Rear  is frequently interchangeable withraise :  
Rear  raise   
rear a ladder;
һӣ
rear a flagpole.
һˡ
Her family reared a sumptuous mausoleum over her remains (Macaulay).
ļһĹ 
 Elevate  is sometimes synonymous with the preceding terms ( 
 Elevate  ʱǰʵͬ( 
used two pillows to keep his head elevated), but it more often suggests exalting, ennobling, or raising morally or intellectually: 
ͷ̧Դ) غʹߡʹ߹ڵϻߵ˼ 
A generous and elevated mind is distinguished by nothing more certainly than an eminent degree of curiosity (Samuel Johnson).
һſ߹ȻǾǿҵ֪ ѡԼѷ
 Hoist  is applied principally to the lifting of heavy objects,often by mechanical means: 
 Hoist  Ҫָͨеʽ 
hoist a sunken ship;
һҳ
uses a crane to hoist the construction beams. Toheave  is to lift or raise with great effort or force:  
ػĺ Heave ˼̧  
heaved the pack onto his back.
Ѱڱϡ
Boost  suggests upward movement effected by or as if by pushing from below: 
Boost  дƻƵĶʵֵ˶˼ 
boosted the child into the saddle;
Ѻ
boost sales;
۶
boost morale. See also Synonyms at  steal 
ʿ μͬ steal

= =
lighten
lighten 1
AHD:[lotn] 
D.J.[6la!tn]
K.K.[6la!t2]
v.ʣ
light.ened,light.en.ing,light.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make light or lighter; illuminate or brighten.
ʹ۹ʹ
To make (a color) lighter.
ʹɫ䵭
Archaic To enlighten.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lighter; brighten.
ʹ
To be luminous; shine.

To give off flashes of lightning.

?
lighten
lighten 2
AHD:[lotn] 
D.J.[6la!tn]
K.K.[6la!t2]
v.ʣ
light.ened,light.en.ing,light.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make less heavy.
ʹ
To lessen the oppressiveness, trouble, or severity of.See Synonyms at relieve 
ᡭĸ鷳Բμ relieve
To relieve of cares or worries; gladden.
ʹɣʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become less in weight.

To become less oppressive, troublesome, or severe.
û͡鷳
To become cheerful.


= =
lightly
light.ly
AHD:[lotl?] 
D.J.[6la!tli8]
K.K.[6la!tli]
adv.ʣ
With little weight or force; gently.
ػ΢أʵ
To a slight extent or amount:
ȵػأ
apply paint lightly.
Ϳһ
With little difficulty; easily.
أ׵
With agility and grace; nimbly.
ӯأŵأɵ
In a carefree manner; cheerfully:
أأ
took the news lightly.
Ϣ
Without sufficient care or consideration; indifferently:
ģչ˲ܵػǲأ䵭أ
treated the situation much too lightly.
ĮȻ֮

= =
lightning
light.ning
AHD:[lotn1ng] 
D.J.[6la!tn!0]
K.K.[6la!tn!0]
n.ʣ
An abrupt, discontinuous natural electric discharge in the atmosphere.
ŵ磺ͻȻֲȻŵ
The visible flash of light accompanying such a discharge.
磺ַŵĿɼ
Informal A sudden, usually improbable stroke of fortune.
ʽ ͻȻģͨĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
light.ninged[-n1ngd] light.ning,light.nings 
To discharge a flash of lightning.
ͷŹ
adj.ݴʣ
Moving or occurring with remarkable speed or suddenness.
ƵģٻͻȻж
?
Middle English [gerund of] lightnen [to illuminate,] 
йӢ  [] lightnenĶ [] 
lighten  lightnen  from lighten 
lighten  lightnen  Դ lighten 
from Old English lon * see  leuk- 
Դ Ӣ lon *μ leuk- 

= =
like
like 1
AHD:[lok] 
D.J.[la!k]
K.K.[la!k]
v.ʣ
liked,lik.ing,likes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To find pleasant or attractive; enjoy.
ϲΪ
To want to have:
Ҫ
would like some coffee.
Ҫһ
To feel about; regard:
еΪ
How do you like her nerve!
ô
Archaic To be pleasing to.
 ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have an inclination or a preference:
ƫãԸ⣺
If you like, we can meet you there.
ԸĻǶ
Scots To be pleased.
ո 
n.ʣ
Something that is liked; a preference:
ϲĶã
made a list of his likes and dislikes.
ϲúĶһű
?
Middle English liken 
йӢ liken 
from Old English lon [to please] * see  lok- 
Դ Ӣ lon [ʹ] *μ lok- 
?
like,love,enjoy,relish,fancy,dote
These verbs mean to be attracted to or to find agreeable.
Щʶָá
 Like,  the least forceful, suggests mere interest, approval, or favor: 
 Like  ǿһʾȤøУ 
I may like him well enough; but you don't  love your servants  (Harriet Beecher Stowe).
ҿϲ һ̶ȣ㲻  ˡ  ءȳ˹У
 Love  implies a strong attachment or intense affection and deep involvement on an emotional level: 
 Love  ʾǿҵĲ԰Σ 
All his faults are such that one loves him still the better for them (Oliver Goldsmith).
˷Ĵ ʷ˹
 Enjoy  is applied to what gives personal satisfaction or pleasure: 
 Enjoy  ָɸøеĶ 
There are two things to aim at in life:first, to get what you want;and after that, to enjoy it (Logan Pearsall Smith).
˵һΪĿ꣺һҪõҪģȻ Ƥʷ˹
 Relish  applies to what moves one to keen or zestful appreciation: 
 Relish  Щʹ˼һ͵ģ 
Every great and original writer . . . must himself create the taste by which he is to be relished (William Wordsworth).Onefancies  what appeals to one's taste, inclination, 
imagination, or notion of what a person or thing should be:  
κΰдҡ봴Լ͵ķ ̻˹һfancies ϲ˻ﱾʺԼĿζá۵㣺  
She fancies elegant clothes and jewelry.
ڸŵʱװ鱦
Caviar is a delicacy, but few children fancy it.
ӽһ־ʳƷֻкٺϲ
Dote  implies foolish, extravagant attachment: 
Dote  ָ޴ġݵ 
He dotes on his grandchildren and indulges their every whim. 
簮Լﱲǵκ뷨 
?
like
like 2
AHD:[lok] 
D.J.[la!k]
K.K.[la!k]
prep.ʣ
Possessing the characteristics of; resembling closely; similar to.
ƣƣСص㣻
In the typical manner of:
ԡĵͷʽ
It's not like you to take offense.
㲻ᷢƢ
In the same way as:
롭ͬķʽ
lived like royalty.
ŵ
Inclined or disposed to:
Ҫڣ
felt like running away.
Ҫ
As if the probability exists for:
ҪСĿԣ
looks like a bad year for farmers.
ũǷ
Such as; for example:
磻һ
saved things like old newspapers and pieces of string.
ռɱֽ֮Ķ
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing the same or almost the same characteristics; similar:
Ƶģͬ򼸺ͬص㣻ģ
on this and like occasions.
ֺ
Alike:
ģ
They are as like as two siblings.
ֵ
Having equivalent value or quality. Usually used in negative sentences:
ȣֵֵͬġͨڷ񶨾У
There's nothing like a good night's sleep.
ûʲô˯һҹþ
adv.ʣ
In the manner of being; as if. Used as an intensifier of action:
Ƶģͬĳַʽڼж
worked like hell; ran like crazy.
ƴƵ
Informal Probably; likely:
ʽ ܣҲ
Like as not she'll change her mind.
ܿ
Non-Standard Used to provide emphasis or a pause:
Ǳ׼ ڼǿͣ٣
Like let's get going.
Ƿ
n.ʣ
One similar to or like another. Used withthe : 
the ã 
was subject to coughs, asthma, and the like.
׵ÿԡƵĲ
Often likes Informal An equivalent or similar person or thing; an equal or match:
  likes ʽ ֮ˣ֮ͬƵ˻֮ͬԵ
I've never seen the likes of this before. We'll never see his like again.
Ҵû¡ǽټ
conj.Usage Problem Ӵʣ÷ѡ 
In the same way that; as:
ͬʽ
To dance like she does requires great discipline.
Ҫõôѵ
As if:
ƺ
It looks like we'll finish on time.
ƺܹʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from like [similar]  from Old English geloc  Old Norse lor 
Դ like [Ƶ]  Դ Ӣ geloc  ˹ά lor 
and from like [similarly]  from Old English geloe  from geloc [similar] * see  lok- 
Դ like [Ƶ]  Դ Ӣ geloe  Դ geloc [Ƶ] *μ lok- 
?
Writers since Chaucer's time have usedlike  as a conjunction, but 19th-century and 20th-century critics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who 
uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse.Prudence requiresThe dogs howled as  (not like ) we expected them to. Likeis more acceptably used as a 
conjunction in informal style with verbs such as feel, look, seem, sound,  and taste,  as inIt looks like we are in for a rough winter.  But here tooas if  is to be preferred in formal writing. 
There can be no objection to the use oflike  as a conjunction when the following verb is not expressed, as inHe took to politics like a duck to water.  See Usage Note at as 1together 
ҾͰlike Ӵã 19ͺ20͵ǿǴ÷ʽʹֽṹҾпָܱΪä߸㡣Ϊд
  like  С LikeڷʽпΪʺͶ feel, look, seem, sound  taste ã ڿǽһѰĶ С 
ʽǸas if  Ķȷʱlike ΪӴǲκģ μֱˮ  μ as1together
?
like
like 3
AHD:[lok]  Ҳ liked [lokt] 
D.J.[la!k] Ҳ liked [la!kt]
K.K.[la!k] Ҳ liked [la!kt]
v.aux.Chiefly Southern U.S. ʣϲ 
To be just on the point of; be or come near to:
ٽ㣻ڻ򿿽
I like to have killed him when he said that.
˵ʱҼҪɱ
?
Middle English liken [to compare] 
йӢ liken [Ƚ] 
from like [similar] * see  like 2
Դ like [ƵģƵ] *μ like2

= =
likelihood
like.li.hood
AHD:[lokl?-h?d] 
D.J.[6la!kli87h&d]
K.K.[6la!kli7h&d]
n.ʣ
The state of being probable; probability.
Ϊܵ״̬
Something probable.
ܷ

= =
likely
like.ly
AHD:[lokl?] 
D.J.[6la!kli8]
K.K.[6la!kli]
adj.ݴʣ
like.li.er,like.li.est 
Possessing or displaying the qualities or characteristics that make something probable:
ܵģлʾʹĳ³ΪܵƷʣ
They are likely to become angry with him.
ǿܻŭ
Within the realm of credibility; plausible:
ǿɿģƺģ
not a very likely excuse.
̫ŷ
Apparently appropriate or suitable:
ƺʵģԳܺʻ˵ģ
There were several likely candidates for the job.
кüȽʺѡ
Apt to achieve success or yield a desired outcome; promising:
ϣģڳɹõԤЧģָģ
a likely topic for investigation.
ǰɹ۵ĵ
Attractive; pleasant:
Ưģģ
found a likely spot under a shady tree for the picnic.
ҵ˵Ұ͵ĺõط
adv.Usage Problem ʣ÷ѡ 
Probably.
ܵ
?
Middle English likly 
йӢ likly 
from Old English gelooc}  from geloc [similar] 
Դ Ӣ gelooc}  Դ geloc [Ƶ] 
and from Old Norse lor  from lor [similar] * see  lok- 
Դ ˹ά lor  Դ lor [Ƶ] *μ lok- 
?
Used as an adverblikely  is most commonly preceded by a qualifier such as very  or quite :  
Ϊʱlikely ǰͨԵĴʣ very  quite   
He will quite likely require some help with his classes. 
ѧϰҪ 
But the unmodified use oflikely  is common enough in educated writing, and though it might be better avoided in highly formal style,it should not be regarded as incorrect: 
ܹ˵дУlikely ǰκε÷ձ飬 Ȼڷǳʽñ÷Ӧýǲȷ÷ 
They'll likely buy a new car this year. See Usage Note at liable 
ǽܻ³ μ liable

= =
likewise
like.wise
AHD:[lokwoz] 
D.J.[6la!k7wa!z]
K.K.[6la!k7wa!z]
adv.ʣ
In the same way; similarly:
ͬأأ
Some have little power to do good, and have likewise little strength to resist evil(Samuel Johnson)
һûȥµͬҲûа(ѶԼѷ)
As well; also.See Synonyms at also 
ͬҲμ also

= =
limb
limb 1
AHD:[l1m] 
D.J.[l!m]
K.K.[l!m]
n.ʣ
One of the larger branches of a tree.
֦ľһ֦
One of the jointed appendages of an animal, such as an arm, a leg, a wing, or a flipper, used for locomotion or grasping.
֫ɹؽĸ֫첲Сȡ״֫ͨ˶ץȡ
An extension or a projecting part, as of a building or mountain range.
ͻ֧ɣ罨ɽ֧ɻͻ
One that is considered to be an extension, a member, or a representative of a larger body or group.
֧֦ɣΪ˾֯һ֧Ա
Informal An impish child.
ʽ ͯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
limbed,limb.ing,limbs 
To dismember.
֫
?
(out) on a limbʽ
In a difficult, awkward, or vulnerable position.
Σաλܹľ
?
Alteration  probably influenced by limb 2
   limb2Ӱ 
of Middle English lim 
 йӢ limı仯 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
limb
limb 2
AHD:[l1m] 
D.J.[l!m]
K.K.[l!m]
n.ʣ
Astronomy The circumferential edge of the apparent disk of a celestial body.
ѧ ıԵ
Mathematics The edge of a graduated arc or circle used in an instrument to measure angles.
ѧ ķǵȵģֶȻԲȦǶ
Botany The expanded tip of a plant organ, such as a petal or corolla lobe.
ֲѧ Ƭֲٵ֣ܻ
?
Middle English [graduated edge of an astronomical instrument] 
йӢ [ļķֶȻ] 
from Old French limbe 
Դ ŷ limbe 
from Latin limbus [border] 
Դ  limbus [Ե] 

= =
lime
lime 1
AHD:[lom] 
D.J.[la!m]
K.K.[la!m]
n.ʣ
A spiny evergreen shrub or tree(Citrus aurantifolia),  native to Asia and having leathery leaves, fragrant white flowers, and edible fruit. 
ʣһ̵ִĹľȴľʣ Դޣǿ͵ҶӡİɫͿʳʵ 
The egg-shaped fruit of this plant, having a green rind and acid juice used as flavoring.
ʹιʵɫƤ֭ᣬ
?
Probably French 
Ϊ 
from Spanish lima 
Դ  lima 
from Arabic loom} 
Դ  loom} 
probably from lo?n} [lemon] * see  lemon 
Դ lo?n} [] *μ lemon
?
lime
lime 2
AHD:[lom] 
D.J.[la!m]
K.K.[la!m]
n.ʣ
See  linden 
μ  linden
?
Alteration of Middle English lind, line 
 йӢ lindı仯, line 
from Old English lind 
Դ Ӣ lind 
?
lime
lime 3
AHD:[lom] 
D.J.[la!m]
K.K.[la!m]
n.ʣ
See  calcium oxide 
μ  calcium oxide
Any of various mineral and industrial forms of calcium oxide differing chiefly in water content and percentage of constituents such as silica, alumina, and iron.Also called  quicklime 
ʯңƵĿʽҵʽˮͳɷֹ衢нϴҲ  quicklime
Birdlime.
ճ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
limed,lim.ing,limes 
To treat with lime.
ʯҴ
To smear with birdlime.
ճճ
To catch or snare with or as if with birdlime.
ճ񽺲׽ճղճ񽺻ճ񽺲׽ղ
?
Middle English lim 
йӢ lim 
from Old English lom [birdlime] * see  lei- 
Դ Ӣ lom [ճճ] *μ lei- 
?
limy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
limit
lim.it
AHD:[l1m1t] 
D.J.[6l!m!t]
K.K.[6l!m!t]
n.Abbr. lim.ʣд lim.
The point, edge, or line beyond which something cannot or may not proceed.
ޣܻ򲻿ܳԽĵ㡢ߡ
limits The boundary surrounding a specific area; bounds:
 limits ߽磺Χضı߽磻ޣ
within the city limits.
ڳзΧ
A confining or restricting object, agent, or influence.
ƣƻ޶塢ý
The greatest or least amount, number, or extent allowed or possible:
ƣܵСĽΧ
a withdrawal limit of $200; no minimum age limit.
಻200Ԫû
Games The largest amount which may be bet at one time in games of chance.
Ϸ ĶڶĲһο¶ĵĿ
Mathematics A number or pointk  that is approached by a function f(x)  as x  approaches a  if, for every positive number e, there exists a number d such that | ?(x)-k | N e if 0 N | x-a | N d. 
Also called  limit point ,point of accumulation 
ѧ ֵ㣺ÿһeһd0N|x-a |Ndʱ| ?(x)-k |Ne x ӽ a ʱ f(x) ӽһһ k  Ҳ  limit point,point of accumulation
Informal One that approaches or exceeds certain limits, as of credibility, forbearance, or acceptability:
ʽ £˵ˣӽ򳬹ضƣáƻɽܵ޶ȵˣ
He is the limit of irresponsibility.
Ĳε˲̵ĳ̶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lim.it.ed,lim.it.ing,lim.its 
To confine or restrict within a boundary or bounds.
ƣƻ޶һ߽Χ֮
To fix definitely; to specify.
涨ָȷع涨޶
?
Middle English limite 
йӢ limite 
from Old French [border] 
Դ ŷ [߽] 
from Latin los  lomit- [border, limit] 
Դ  los  lomit- [߽磬] 
?
limitable
adj.ݴʣ
?
limit,restrict,confine,circumscribe
These verbs mean to establish or keep within specified bounds.
Щָ򱣳һΧڡ
 Limit  refers principally to the establishment of a maximum, as of quantity, degree, or time,beyond which a person or thing cannot or may not go: 
 Limit  Ҫ̶ָȻʱȷֵ˻ﲻܻ򲻿ԳԽ 
The Constitution limits the President's term of office to four years.
ܷ涨ͳꡣ
Liberty, too, must be limited in order to be possessed (Edmund Burke).Torestrict is to keep within prescribed limits, as of choice or action: 
ΪάɣͬҪܵ ɡˣRestrict ָڹ涨ķΧڣ ѡж 
a pardon, so restricted that none were likely to be forgiven save those who had done no wrong (John Lothrop Motley). 
ԭ£˵ϸڳЩûµˣû˿ˡ ԼŵաĪУ 
The sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted to those over 21.
ƾֻܳ۸21ϵĳˡ
Confine  suggests limits that imprison, restrain, or impede: 
Confine  ʾԡԵĻԵƣ 
All prisoners will be confined to their cells.
еη
Interest in Asia is no longer confined to scholars.
޸ȤѲѧˡ
Circumscribe  connotes an encircling or surrounding line that confinesand especially that confines narrowly: 
Circumscribe  ʾһõĻƻΧߣָƷΧСߣ 
A man . . . should not circumscribe his activity by any inflexible fence of rigid rules (John Stuart Blackie).See also Synonyms at  boundary 
ˡӦýԼΪɽĹɵĲɱͨķΧ֮ Լ˹ͼءμͬ boundary

= =
limitation
lim.i.ta.tion
AHD:[l1m1-t3shn] 
D.J.[7l!m!6te!.*n]
K.K.[7l!m!6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of limiting or the state of being limited.
ƵжƵ״̬
A restriction.
ƹ涨
A shortcoming or defect.
ȱ
Law A specified period during which, by statute, an action may be brought.
ɡ ָϵʱЧɷɹ涨ضʱ䣬ڴڼڿ

= =
limited
lim.it.ed
AHD:[l1m1-t1d] 
D.J.[6l!m!t!d]
K.K.[6l!m!t!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Confined or restricted within certain limits:
޵ģƻ޶һΧ֮ڵģ
has only limited experience.
ֻ޵ľ
Not attaining the highest goals or achievement:
δﵽߵĿɾ͵ģ
a limited success.
޵ĳɹ
Having only mediocre talent or range of ability:
޵ģֻеȵ޵ģ
a popular but limited actor.
һλܻӭ޵Ա
Having governmental or ruling powers restricted by enforceable limitations, as a constitution or a legislative body:
ƵģǿƵͳߵȨ
limited monarchy.
ܾ
Abbr. ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.Of, relating to, or being a limited company.
д ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.޹˾ģ޹˾ġ֮صĻΪ޹˾
Abbr. ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.Of, relating to, or being transportation facilities, such as trains or buses, that make few stops and carry relatively few passengers.
д ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.ֱģ˿Ƶģͣ˵ؽٳ˿͵Ľͨ𳵻ģйص
n.Abbr. ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.ʣд ltd.,Ltd.,Ld.
A limited train or bus.
ֱĻ𳵻
?
limitedly
adv.ʣ
limitedness
n.ʣ

= =
limp
limp
AHD:[l1mp] 
D.J.[l!mp]
K.K.[l!mp]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
limped,limp.ing,limps 
To walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring one leg.
Уָһȳһյߣƫһ
To move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily:
ǣȶжߣ
The project limped along with half its previous funding.
ĿõԤʽһ룬չúܻ
n.ʣ
An irregular, jerky, or awkward gait.
ˣȻŤĲ
adj.ݴʣ
limp.er,limp.est 
Lacking or having lost rigidity, as of structure or substance.
ģȱʧȥԵģṹ
Lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless:
ģûоģĻģĻ޾ʵģ
a limp handshake; limp opposition.
֣΢ķ
?
Probably from obsolete lymphault [lame] 
Դ  lymphault [˵] 
from Old English lemphealt 
Դ Ӣ lemphealt 
lemp- [hanging loosely] 
lemp- [ɳڵ] 
-healt [lame, limping] 
-healt [˵ģȳ] 
?
limply
adv.ʣ
limpness
n.ʣ
?
limp,flabby,flaccid,floppy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is lacking in stiffness or firmness: 
Щݴʹͬ˼ǡӲĻ򲻽ʵġ 
a limp shirt collar;
ĳӣ
flabby, wrinkled flesh;
ļ⣻
flaccid cheeks;
ɳڵգ
a floppy hat brim. firm 
ñ firm

= =
linear
lin.e.ar
AHD:[l1n?-r] 
D.J.[6l!ni8*]
K.K.[6l!ni+]
adj.Abbr. lin.ݴʣд lin.
Of, relating to, or resembling a line; straight.
ߵģֱģߵġֱйصĻֱߵģֱ
In, of, describing, described by, or related to a straight line.
ֱߵģֱ߱ġֱߵġֱߵĻֱĻֱйص
Having only one dimension.
һԵ
Characterized by, composed of, or emphasizing drawn lines rather than painterly effects.
ģֳЧɫЧġ֮ɵĻǿ֮
Botany Narrow and elongated with nearly parallel margins:
ֲѧ εģխҽƽеģ
a linear leaf.
ҶƬ
?
Latin lo3ris} 
 lo3ris} 
from loa [line] * see  line 1
Դ loa [] *μ line1
?
linearly
adv.ʣ

= =
linen
lin.en
AHD:[l1nn] 
D.J.[6l!n*n]
K.K.[6l!n*n]
n.ʣ
Thread made from fibers of the flax plant.
ߣֲάƳɵ
Cloth woven from this thread.
鲼֯ɵĲ
Also linens Articles or garments made from linen or a similar cloth, such as cotton; bed sheets and tablecloths.
 Ҳ linens ֯֯ɵ޻
Paper made from flax fibers or having a linenlike luster.
άƳɵֽάƳɵֽֽ֯
adj.ݴʣ
Made of flax or linen.
ģ鲼Ƴɵ
Resembling linen.
鲼Ƶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lon [made of flax] 
Դ Ӣ lon [Ƴɵ] 
from Germanic *lo- 
Դն *lo- 
from *lom [flax] 
Դ *lom [] 
probably from Latin lom * see  lno- 
Դ  lom *μ lno- 

= =
liner
liner 1
AHD:[lonr] 
D.J.[6la!n*]
K.K.[6la!n+]
n.ʣ
One that draws or makes lines.
ԱԱ
A large commercial ship or airplane, especially one carrying passengers on a regular route.
̴֣ɻָ涨ߵĿ˻
Baseball A line drive.
 ƽֱ
?
liner
liner 2
AHD:[lonr] 
D.J.[6la!n*]
K.K.[6la!n+]
n.ʣ
One that makes or puts in linings.
Ƴ˻װ
A lining.

Material used as a lining.
õĲ
A jacket for a phonograph record.
Ƭķ

= =
linger
lin.ger
AHD:[l1nggr] 
D.J.[6l!0g*]
K.K.[6l!0g+]
v.ʣ
lin.gered,lin.ger.ing,lin.gers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry.See Synonyms at stay 1
ǻָԸ뿪ǻμ stay1
To remain feebly alive for some time before dying.
Ӳдǰش
To persist:

an aftertaste that lingers.
ζ
To proceed slowly; saunter.
й䣺ƶɢ
To be tardy in acting; procrastinate.
ӣΪϻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass (a period of time) in a leisurely or aimless manner.
£лĿĵĶȹһʱ䣩
?
Middle English lengeren [frequentative of] lengen [to prolong] 
йӢ lengeren  [] lengenظ [] 
from Old English lengan * see  del- 1
Դ Ӣ lengan *μ del- 1
?
lingerer
n.ʣ
lingeringly
adv.ʣ

= =
link
link 1
AHD:[l1ngk] 
D.J.[l!0k]
K.K.[l!0k]
n.ʣ
One of the rings or loops forming a chain.
״Ļ
A unit in a connected series of units:
ڣһϵеԪһԪ
links of sausage; one link in a molecular chain.
㳦һ
A unit in a transportation or communications system.
ڣͨϢϵͳеһԪ
A connecting element; a tie or bond:
ŦӣӵԪأϵ᣺
grandparents, our link with the past.
汲ǣȥŦ
An association; a relationship:
ϵ
The Alumnae Association is my link to the school's present administration.
ŮУЭҺѧУ֮Ŧ
A causal, parallel, or reciprocal relationship; a correlation:
ϵϵƽйϵ໥ϵϵ
Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.
оԱ̺ಡ֮Ĺϵ
A cuff link.

Abbr. li.A unit of length used in surveying, equal to 0.01 chain, 7.92 inches, or about 20.12 centimeters.
д li.óȵλ0.017.92ӢԼ20.12
A rod or lever transmitting motion in a machine.
ˣд˶˻ܸ
Computer Science An identifying term attached to an element in a system to facilitate connection to other identified elements.
ѧ ӣ·ϵͳԪϵʶĿɼͬʶĿ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
linked,link.ing,links 
To connect or become connected with or as if with a link.See Synonyms at join 
ûӣûûӻʹμ join
?
Middle English linke 
йӢ linke 
[of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse hlekkr, .hlenkr 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά hlekkr, hlenkr 
?
linker
n.ʣ
?
link
link 2
AHD:[l1ngk] 
D.J.[l!0k]
K.K.[l!0k]
n.ʣ
A torch formerly used for lighting one's way in the streets.
ѣʱõΪĻ
?
Possibly from Medieval Latin linchinus, lichnus [candle] 
Դ  linchinus, lichnus [] 
from Latin lychnus 
Դ  lychnus 
from Greek lukhnos [lamp] * see  leuk- 
Դ ϣ lukhnos [] *μ leuk- 

= =
lion
li.on
AHD:[lon] 
D.J.[6la!*n]
K.K.[6la!*n]
n.ʣ
A large, carnivorous, feline mammal(Panthera leo)  of Africa and northwest India, having a short tawny coat, a tufted tail, and, in the male, a long heavy mane around the neck and 
shoulders. 
ʨӣ޺ӡһִʳ⣨è ʨ 鶯лƺɫĶƤβдëھ粿гŨë 
Any of several large wildcats related to or resembling the lion.
ʨģʨģʨйصĻƵһִèҰ
A very brave person.
ʿ¸ҵ
A person regarded as fierce or ferocious.
ױˣΪ׺֮
An eminent person; a celebrity:
ҪˣˣҪ
a literary lion.
ѧ
?
lion's share
The greatest or best part.
õĲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin le?}  le?n- 
Դ  le?}  le?n- 
from Greek le?n 
Դ ϣ le?n 
[of Semitic origin] ; akin to  Hebrew l3b? 
[Դ]   ϣ l3b? 
?
Lion
Li.on
AHD:[lon] 
D.J.[6la!*n]
K.K.[6la!*n]
n.ʣ
See  Leo 
μ  Leo

= =
lip
lip
AHD:[l1p] 
D.J.[l!p]
K.K.[l!p]
n.ʣ
Anatomy Either of two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth.
ѧ 촽ߵƬ֮һ
A structure or part that encircles or bounds an orifice, as:
״ΧĲֻṹ磺
Anatomy A labium.
ѧ 
The margin of flesh around a wound.
˿ڵıԵΧ˿ڵ
Either of the margins of the aperture of a gastropod shell.
嶯ȱڵԵеһ
A rim, as of a vessel, bell, or crater.
ߣͿӵıԵ
Botany One of the two divisions of bilabiate corolla or calyx, as in the snapdragon, or the modified upper petal of an orchid flower.
ֲѧ ꣺˫ڻ֮һݻװϲ
The tip of a pouring spout, as on a pitcher.
ڣˮڵĩˣˮϵ
Slang Insolent talk.
ٵ ͻĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lipped,lip.ping,lips 
To touch the lips to.
Ӵ촽
To kiss.

To utter.
˵
To lap or splash against.
Ĵý
Sports To hit a golf ball so that it touches the edge of (the hole) without dropping in.
˶ ߶δ룺Ѹ߶ѨıԵδ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lippa * see  leb- 
Դ Ӣ lippa *μ leb- 
?
lipless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
liquid
liq.uid
AHD:[l1kw1d] 
D.J.[6l!kw!d]
K.K.[6l!kw!d]
n.Abbr. liq.ʣд liq.
The state of matter in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility.
Һ̬ʵһ״ָ̬ʱֳٻûзɢԼԽϸߵĲѹԵ
Matter or a specific body of matter in this state.
Һ壺״̬ʻĳ
Linguistics A consonant articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel, such as Englishl  and r.  
ѧ ܹûĦԪһӳĸӢеģ    
adj.Abbr. liq.ݴʣд liq.
Of or being a liquid.
Һ̬ģҺ
Having been liquefied, especially:
Һģָ
Melted by heating:
ڽģ
liquid wax.
Һ̬
Condensed by cooling:
ȴѹģ
liquid oxygen.
Һ̬
Flowing readily; fluid:
ʵģģģ
added milk to make the batter more liquid.
ʹϡ
Having a flowing quality without harshness or abrupt breaks:
ģԣӲûͻȻͣٵģ
liquid prose; the liquid movements of a Balinese dancer.
ɢģͰĶ
Linguistics Articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel.
ѧ ģĦԪһӳ
Clear and shining:
εģ峺ģ
the liquid brown eyes of a spaniel.
Ԫεĺɫ۾
Readily convertible into cash:
ױΪֽģ
liquid assets.
ʲ
?
From Middle English [of a liquid] 
Դ йӢ [Һ] 
from Old French liquide 
Դ ŷ liquide 
from Latin liquidus 
Դ  liquidus 
from liqu?e [to be liquid] 
Դ liqu?e [ΪҺ] 
?
liquidly
adv.ʣ
liquidness
n.ʣ

= =
liquor
liq.uor
AHD:[l1kr] 
D.J.[6l!k*]
K.K.[6l!k+]
n.Abbr. liq.ʣд liq.
An alcoholic beverage made by distillation rather than by fermentation.
ƣͨǷƳɵľƾ
A liquid substance, such as broth, produced in cooking.
֭ʱƳɵҺ壬
An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile substance.
Һ׻ӷʵˮҺ
A solution, an emulsion, or a suspension for industrial use.
ҵõҺҺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
liq.uored,liq.uor.ing,liq.uors 
To steep (malt, for example).
ݣѿ
Slang To make drunk with alcoholic liquor. Often used withup : 
ٵ ȾƣȾƶ ã 
was all liquored up.

?
Middle English licour [a liquid] 
йӢ licour [Һ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin liquor 
Դ  liquor 
from liqu?e [to be liquid] 
Դ liqu?e [ΪҺ] 

= =
list
list 1
AHD:[l1st] 
D.J.[l!st]
K.K.[l!st]
n.ʣ
A series of names, words, or other items written, printed, or imagined one after the other:
Ŀ¼Ⱥ˳д¡ӡһϵ֡ʻĿ
a shopping list; a guest list; a list of things to do.
һŹﵥ
A considerable number; a long series:
ࣺܶܶࣻһ
recited a list of dates memorized.
µһ
v.ʣ
list.ed,list.ing,lists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a list of; itemize:
б᣺
listed his previous jobs.
гǰĹ
To enter in a list; register:
룻Ǽǣ
listed each item received.
յÿһ
To put (oneself) in a specific category:
ΪѣԼĳһ
lists herself as an artist.
ԼΪ
Archaic To recruit.
 ļ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a stated list price:
ۣһгļ۸
a radio that lists for ten dollars over the sale price.
һ̨۱ۼ۸߳10Ԫ
Archaic To enlist in the armed forces.
 Ӧļ
?
French liste 
 liste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian lista 
Դ  lista 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
lister
n.ʣ
?
list
list 2
AHD:[l1st] 
D.J.[l!st]
K.K.[l!st]
n.ʣ
A narrow strip, especially of wood.
խľխָľͷ
Architecture See  listel 
ѧ μ  listel
A border or selvage of cloth.

A stripe or band of color.
ɫɫ
Often lists 
  lists 
An arena for jousting tournaments or other contests.
ǹĳ
A place of combat.

An area of controversy.

A ridge thrown up between two furrows by a lister in plowing.
⣺ʱ繵¡ļ
Obsolete A boundary; a border.
 ߽磻Ե
v.tr.ﶯʣ
list.ed,list.ing,lists 
To cover, line, or edge with list.
ӱߣǡ߻ӱ
To cut a thin strip from the edge of.
ߣӡıϼһϸ
To furrow or plant (land) with a lister.
أػأ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English loe 
Դ Ӣ loe 
?
list
list 3
AHD:[l1st] 
D.J.[l!st]
K.K.[l!st]
n.ʣ
An inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt.
ࣺһߣ紬
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
list.ed,list.ing,lists 
To lean or cause to lean to the side:
ббʹһб
The damaged ship listed badly to starboard. Erosion first listed, then toppled the spruce tree.
ٵĴбһ߳ʴȻǰ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
list
list 4
AHD:[l1st] 
D.J.[l!st]
K.K.[l!st]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
list.ed,list.ing,lists  
To listen or listen to.

?
Middle English listen 
йӢ listen 
from Old English hlystan * see  kleu- 
Դ Ӣ hlystan *μ kleu- 
?
list
list 5
AHD:[l1st]  
D.J.[l!st]
K.K.[l!st]
v.ʣ
list.ed,list.ing,lists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be pleasing to; suit.
ϲʺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be disposed; choose.
⣻ѡ
n.ʣ
A desire or an inclination.

?
Middle English listen [to desire, please] 
йӢ listen [] 
from Old English lystan * see  las- 
Դ Ӣ lystan *μ las- 

= =
listen
lis.ten
AHD:[l1sn] 
D.J.[6l!s*n]
K.K.[6l!s*n]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lis.tened,lis.ten.ing,lis.tens 
To make an effort to hear something:
Ŭȥĳ£
listen to the radio; listening for the bell.
㲥
To pay attention; heed:
ע⣺ע⣻⣺
She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit(Maya Angelou)
ϸ˵ǻۡ(š)
?
listen in
To listen to a conversation between others; eavesdrop.
͵˵̸͵
To tune in and listen to a broadcast.
򿪹㲥㲥
?
Middle English listenen 
йӢ listenen 
alteration  influenced by listen * see  list 4
   listenӰ *μ list4
of Old English hlysnan * see  kleu- 
 Ӣ hlysnanı仯 *μ kleu- 
?
listener
n.ʣ

= =
liter
li.ter
AHD:[l?tr] 
D.J.[6li8t*]
K.K.[6lit+]
n.Abbr. l,lit.ʣд l,lit.
A metric unit of volume equal to approximately 1.056 liquid quarts, 0.908 dry quart, or 0.264 gallon.See table at measurement 
λԼҺ1050ѣ0908ѻ0264زμ measurement
?
French litre 
 litre 
from obsolete litron [measure of capacity] 
Դ  litron [ݻ] 
from Medieval Latin loa 
Դ  loa 
from Greek litra [unit of weight] 
Դ ϣ litra [λ] 

= =
literacy
lit.er.a.cy
AHD:[l1tr--s?] 
D.J.[6l!t*r*si8]
K.K.[6l!t*r*si]
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of being literate, especially the ability to read and write.See Usage Note at literate 
дʶָ֡д״̬ʲμ literate

= =
literal
lit.er.al
AHD:[l1tr-l] 
D.J.[6l!t*r*l]
K.K.[6l!t*r*l]
adj.Abbr. lit.ݴʣд lit.
Being in accordance with, conforming to, or upholding the exact or primary meaning of a word or words.
ģһʻʵȷлҪһµģջάһ
Word for word; verbatim:
ֵģֵģģ
a literal translation.
ֱ
Avoiding exaggeration, metaphor, or embellishment; factual; prosaic:
ƽʵģţεģʵģƽģ
a literal description; a literal mind.
ƽʵԽ
Consisting of, using, or expressed by letters:
ĸģĸɵģʹĸģĸģ
literal notation.
ĸŷ
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A letter or symbol that represents a particular constant or number, known or unknown, and is not programmer-defined.
֣һضֵĿ֪δ֪ĸţɷǱ涨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin litter3s [of letters] 
Դ  litter3s [ĸ] 
from Latin littera [letter] 
Դ  littera [ĸ] 
?
literalness
n.ʣ

= =
literary
lit.er.ar.y
AHD:[l1t-rr?] 
D.J.[6l!t*7reri8]
K.K.[6l!t*7rWri]
adj.Abbr. lit.ݴʣд lit.
Of, relating to, or dealing with literature:
ֵģڡۼѧĻ֮йصģ
literary criticism.
ѧ
Of or relating to writers or the profession of literature:
ѧģһְҵйصģ
literary circles.
ѧȦ
Versed in or fond of literature or learning.
ͨѧģѧģѧ
Appropriate to literature rather than everyday speech or writing.
ŵģѧճԻд
Bookish; pedantic.
ģظ
?
Latin litter3s [of reading and writing] 
 litter3s [д] 
from littera [letter] * see  letter 
Դ littera [ĸ] *μ letter
?
literarily
AHD:[-rar-l?] ʣ
literariness
n.ʣ

= =
literature
lit.er.a.ture
AHD:[l1tr--ch?r, -chr] 
D.J.[6l!t*r*7t.&*, -t.*]
K.K.[6l!t*r*7t.&r, -t.+]
n.Abbr. lit.ʣд lit.
A body of writings in prose or verse.
ѧɢд
Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value:
ѧƷƷָйֵģ
Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity(Rebecca West)
ѧǶԾķͶ·ֵۺͳһ(Τ˹)
The art or occupation of a literary writer.
ѧңһѧߵְҵ
The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field:
ףĳһڵѧ߻оԱ֣
medical literature.
ҽѧ
Printed material:
ӡˢƷ
collected all the available literature on the subject.
ռйһпɵõӡˢ
Music All the compositions of a certain kind or for a specific instrument or ensemble:
֡ ףΪĳһضĻĳһƷ
the symphonic literature.

?
Middle English [book learning] 
йӢ [鱾֪ʶ] 
from Old French litterature 
Դ ŷ litterature 
from Latin litter3?ra} 
Դ  litter3?ra} 
from litter3s [lettered] * see  literate 
Դ litter3s [ʶֵģѧʵ] *μ literate

= =
litter
lit.ter
AHD:[l1tr] 
D.J.[6l!t*]
K.K.[6l!t+]
n.ʣ
A disorderly accumulation of objects; a pile.
ƷҵĶѻһ
Carelessly discarded refuse, such as wastepaper:
õֽ
the litter in the streets after a parade.
йϵ
The offspring produced at one birth by a multiparous mammal.See Synonyms at flock 1
Уһ̥ӵĲ鶯һ̥ĺμ flock1
Material, such as straw, used as bedding for animals.
ݣΪĶ絾
An absorbent material, such as granulated clay, for covering the floor of an animal's cage or excretory box.
ɳΪӻй̵صʣ״ճ
An enclosed or curtained couch mounted on shafts and used to carry a single passenger.
Σԯܷջӵ˯Σڳصһ˿
A flat supporting framework, such as a piece of canvas stretched between parallel shafts, for carrying a disabled or dead person; a stretcher.
ܣһƽ֧żܣƽܳһʲ̧˲˻ˣ
The uppermost layer of the forest floor consisting chiefly of fallen leaves and other decaying organic matter.
ģ֦Ҷ㣺ɭֵرһ㣬ҪҶл
v.ʣ
lit.tered,lit.ter.ing,lit.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give birth to (a litter).
У
To make untidy by discarding rubbish carelessly:
ʹңң
Selfish picnickers litter the beach with food wrappers.
˽ҰӰװֽʹ̲Ҳ
To scatter about:
ӣ
littered towels all over the locker room.
ڸë
To supply (animals) with litter for bedding or floor covering.
òݵȸѻ洲
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give birth to a litter.

To scatter litter.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman litere 
Դ Ӣ litere 
from Medieval Latin lect3a  influenced by Old French lit [bed] 
Դ  lect3a   ŷ litӰ [] 
from Latin lectus [bed] * see  legh- 
Դ  lectus [] *μ legh- 
?
litterer
n.ʣ

= =
little
lit.tle
AHD:[l1tl] 
D.J.[6l!tl]
K.K.[6l!t1]
adj.ݴʣ
lit.tler  less [ls]  Ҳ less.er [lsr] lit.tlest  least [l?st]  
Small in size:
СģߴСģ
a little dining room.See Synonyms at small 
һСμ small
Short in extent or duration; brief:
̣޶Ȼ޶̣̣
There is little time left.
ֻк̵ܶʱ
Small in quantity or degree:
٣̶С
little money.
һǮ
Unimportant; trivial:
СģҪģģ
a little matter.
С
Narrow; petty:
ģСģĵխģ
mean little comments; a little mind consumed with trivia.
ۣΪ¶ķѵ
Without much power or influence; of minor status.
΢ģûжȨӰģλµ
Being at an early stage of growth; young:
Сģڳɳ׶εģģ
a little child.
һС
adv.ʣ
less,least 
Not much; scarcely:
ٵأûж٣
works long hours, sleeping little.
ʱ乤˯ߺ
Not in the least; not at all:
һҲ
They little expected such a generous gift.
Ǹûϵôʢ
n.ʣ
A small quantity or amount:
Сģ
Give me a little.
һ
Something much less than all:
٣ٺܶĳ
I know little of their history.
ǵʷ֪ú
A short distance or time:
̾룬ʱ䣺
a little down the road; waited a little.
һС·һ
?
a little
Somewhat; a bit:
һ
felt a little better.
оһ
little by little
By small degrees or increments; gradually.
𽥵أػأ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ltl 
Դ Ӣ ltl 
?
littleness
n.ʣ

= =
live
live 1
AHD:[l1v] 
D.J.[l!v]
K.K.[l!v]
v.ʣ
lived,liv.ing,lives 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be alive; exist.
ţ
To continue to be alive:
棺
lived through a bad accident.
һ¹л
To support oneself; subsist:
ıƣ
living on rice and fish; lives on a small inheritance.
׺棻һСŲ
To reside; dwell:
סס
lives on a farm.
סũ
To conduct one's life in a particular manner:
һķʽ
lived frugally.
úܽڼ
To pursue a positive, satisfying existence; enjoy life:
׷ĳʽ׷һֻĴڣ
those who truly live.
Щ
To remain in human memory:
ڼУ
an event that lives on in our minds.
Ժ¼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To spend or pass (one's life).
ȹĳ˵һ
To go through; experience:

lived a nightmare.
һ
To practice in one's life:
ʵУ
live one's beliefs.See Synonyms at be 
ʵĳ˵μ be
?
live down
To overcome or reduce the shame of (a misdeed, for example) over a period of time.
ϴĸ棺һʱ˷ˣУĳ
live in
To reside in the place where one is employed:
ڹ
household servants who live in.
ס˼
live out
To live outside one's place of domestic employment:
סܹ͵˼ң
household servants who live out.
ס˼ҵ
live with
To put up with; resign oneself to:
ܣ˳Ӧ
disliked the situation but had to live with it.
ϲ״̬
?
live it upٵ
To engage in festive pleasures or extravagances.
ڻֻ˷
live up to
To live or act in accordance with:
ӡж
lived up to their parents' ideals.
Ǹĸȥ
To prove equal to:
֤롭ͬ
a new technology that did not live up to our expectations.
һֲ¼
To carry out; fulfill:
ʵУɣ
lived up to her end of the bargain.
ﵽ׵Ŀ
?
Middle English liven 
йӢ liven 
from Old English libban, lifian * see  leip- 
Դ Ӣ libban, lifian *μ leip- 
?
live
live 2
AHD:[lov] 
D.J.[la!v]
K.K.[la!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Having life; alive:
ģŵģ
live animals.See Synonyms at living 
ŵĶμ living
Of current interest or relevance:
ŵģڵǰģ뵱ǰйصģ
a live topic; still a live option.
Ż⣻Ȼŵѡ
Glowing; burning:
ȵģȼյģ
live coals.
ȵú̿
Not yet exploded but capable of being fired:
δģδըԿģ
live ammunition.
δĵҩ
Electricity Carrying an electric current or energized with electricity.
ѧ ģеܵ
Not mined or quarried; in the natural state:
ȻģδɻھģȻ״̬ģ
live ore.
Ȼɰ
Broadcast while actually being performed; not taped, filmed, or recorded:
ֱֳģֱֳģδ¼Ƭ¼ģ
a live television program.
ֱֳĵӽĿ
Involving performers or spectators who are physically present:
ֳģֳԱ͹ģ
live entertainment.
ֳֻ
Printing Not yet set into type:
ӡˢ δӡģ
live copy.
δӡĸ
Sports In play:
˶ ڱеģ
a live ball.
ڱ
adv.ʣ
At, during, or from the time of actual occurrence or performance:
ڷأֳתأڡڻڷݵʱ
The landing on the moon was telecast live.
ֳת˵ж
?
Short for alive 
 aliveļд
?
liveness
n.ʣ

= =
lively
live.ly
AHD:[lovl?] 
D.J.[6la!vli8]
K.K.[6la!vli]
adj.ݴʣ
live.li.er,live.li.est 
Full of life and energy; vigorous:
õģͻģʢģ
a lively baby.
һõӤ
Full of spirit; gay and animated:
ģģģõģ
a lively tune.

Marked by animated intelligence:
ӻԾģ
a lively discussion.
ӻԾ
Invigorating; refreshing.
ĵģ
Effervescent; sparkling.
ܷģŻ
Keen; brisk:
ݵģģ
gave the kitchen floor a lively sweeping.
ݵزذ
Rebounding readily upon impact; resilient:
Ժõģײ׺󵯵ģеԵģ
a lively tennis ball.See Synonyms at active 
Ժܺõμ active
adv.ʣ
With energy or vigor; briskly:
أأлأ
Step lively!

?
Middle English lifli 
йӢ lifli 
from Old English looc} 
Դ Ӣ looc} 
from lof [life] * see  leip- 
Դ lof [] *μ leip- 
?
livelily
adv.ʣ
liveliness
n.ʣ

= =
liver
liver 1
AHD:[l1vr] 
D.J.[6l!v*]
K.K.[6l!v+]
n.ʣ
Anatomy A large, reddish-brown, glandular vertebrate organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood 
proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
ѧ ࣺλڳǻϲ׵٣ϴ󣬳ʳɫ٣ɷڵ֭ĳЩѪ׵γɺ̼ˮ֬ʵ³´л
An organ in invertebrates that is similar to the vertebrate liver.
Σλ޼׵뼹׵ĸƵ
The bile-secreting organ of an animal, used as food.
ʳãΣڷڵ֭٣ʳ
Color A dark reddish brown.
ɫʡ ɫ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of or flavored with liver:
ζģøɵģиζģ
liver pat; liver sandwiches.
νζ
Of a dark reddish brown.
ɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lifer * see  leip- 
Դ Ӣ lifer *μ leip- 
?
liver
liver 2
AHD:[l1vr] 
D.J.[6l!v*]
K.K.[6l!v+]
n.ʣ
One who lives in a specified manner:
ߣضʽˣ
a high liver.


= =
living
liv.ing
AHD:[l1v1ng] 
D.J.[6l!v!0]
K.K.[6l!v!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing life:
ģ
famous living painters; transplanted living tissue.
ңֲ֯
In active function or use:
еģӦеģ
a living language.
ʹе
Of persons who are alive:
˵ģ
events within living memory.
˼е¼
Full of life, interest, or vitality:
ģȤģ
made history a living subject.
ʹʷΪȤĿĿ
True to life; realistic:
ģʵģ
the living image of her mother.
ĸ׵ı
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ǿ
beat the living hell out of his opponent in the boxing match.
ȭʹ
n.ʣ
The condition or action of maintaining life:
ά״̬ж
the high cost of living.
ܸߵ
A manner or style of life:
ʽ
preferred plain living.
ƫӵ
A means of maintaining life; livelihood:
ıֶΣƣ
made their living by hunting.
Ϊ
Chiefly British A church benefice, including the revenue attached to it.
Ӣ ̲õʥٺ˰
?
living,alive,live,animate,animated,vital
These adjectives mean possessed of or exhibiting life.
Щݴʱʾӵлʾ
 Living, alive,   andlive  refer principally to organisms that are not dead but continue to live:  
 Living alive  live Ҫָδ壺  
living plants and animals;
ֲͶ
the happiest woman alive;
ŵֵŮˣ
a live canary.
һֻ˿ȸ
Animate  applies to living animal as distinct from living plant life: 
Animate  ָڻֲĻ 
early peoples worshiping animate and inanimate objects.
ǼݸֻŻȥĶ
Animated  suggests renewed life, vigor, or spirit: 
Animated  ָ»õ 
became very animated when he heard the good news.
Ϣʱ
Vital  refers to what is characteristic of or necessary to the continuation of life: 
Vital  ָΪĻģ 
eating to maintain vital energy. See also Synonyms at  livelihood 
Էά μͬ livelihood

= =
load
load
AHD:[l?d] 
D.J.[l*&d]
K.K.[lod]
n.Abbr. ld.ʣд ld.
A weight or mass that is supported:
أ֧
the load on an arch.
ŵĸ
The overall force to which a structure is subjected in supporting a weight or mass or in resisting externally applied forces.
һṹ֧һֿѹʱܵȫѹ
Something that is carried, as by a vehicle, a person, or an animal:
װ˻Ķ
a load of firewood.
һ
The quantity that is or can be carried at one time.
װһܻ򱳸
The share of work allocated to or required of a person, a machine, a group, or an organization.
һˡһ̨һһ֯Ĺ
The demand for services or performance made on a machine or system.
ɣһ̨ϵͳķҪ
The amount of material that can be inserted into a device or machine at one time:
װһװĳװû
The camera has a full load of film.
װһ
A single charge of ammunition for a firearm.
װҩһװ
A mental weight or burden:
ѹ򸺵
Good news took a load off my mind.
Ϣжȥͷص
A responsibility regarded as oppressive.
ΪǿԵ
The external mechanical resistance against which a machine acts.
أһֿ̨ⲿеѹ
Electricity 
ѧ 
The power output of a generator or power plant.
һ̨һ糧Ĳ
A device or the resistance of a device to which power is delivered.
壺װûװõĿ
A front-end load.
ǰڸ
Often loads Informal A great number or amount:
  loads ʽ 
loads of parties during the holiday season.
Ĵۻ
Slang A satisfying view; an eyeful:
ٵ 龰һ۸
Get a load of that new car!
úÿǲ³
Genetic load.
Ŵ
v.ʣ
load.ed,load.ing,loads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put (something) into or onto a structure, device, or conveyance:
װأѡװװһṹװû
loading grain onto a train.
ʳװϻ
To put something into or onto (a structure, device, or conveyance):
װȥѡװװϣһṹװû
loaded the tanker with crude oil.
ԭװ̹
To provide or fill nearly to overflowing; heap:
װѻӦװü
loaded the table with food.
϶ʳ
To weigh down; burden:
ʹأѹȣ
was loaded with worries.
Ϊ
To charge (a firearm) with ammunition.
װҩ
To insert a necessary material into:
װ룬װأ룺
loaded tape into the recorder.
Ѵװ¼
Games To make (dice) heavier on one side by adding weight.
Ϸ ӣһ߼أͨʹӣһ߸
To charge with additional meanings, implications, or emotional import:
⣺塢ںУ
loaded the question to trick the witness.
ĵƭ֤
To dilute, adulterate, or doctor.See Synonyms at adulterate 
ϡͣӣμ adulterate
To raise the power demand in (an electrical circuit), as by adding resistance.
أߣ·ͨ迹
To increase (an insurance premium or a mutual fund share price) by adding expenses or sale costs.
ڣͨӷûۼ۸ߣշѻϹͶʵĹɼۣ
Baseball To have or put runners on (all three bases).
 ʹݣлԱڣȫϣ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
To transfer (data) from a storage device into a computer's memory.
װ룺ѣݣӴװõ洢
To mount (a diskette) onto a floppy disk drive.
װŵѣŵװŵ
To mount (a magnetic tape) onto a tape drive.
װŴѣŴװ¼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To receive a load:
װ
Container ships can load rapidly.
װٶȺܿ
To charge a firearm with ammunition.
װҩ
To put or place a load into or onto a structure, device, or conveyance.
ĳװ룺װװһṹװû
?
Middle English lode 
йӢ lode 
alteration  influenced by laden [to load] * see  lade 
   ladenӰ [װ] *μ lade
of lade [course, way] 
 ladeı仯 [··] 
from Old English l3d * see  leit- 
Դ Ӣ l3d *μ leit- 

= =
loaf
loaf 1
AHD:[l?f] 
D.J.[l*&f]
K.K.[lof]
n.ʣ
 loaves[l?vz]  
A shaped mass of bread baked in one piece.
һһ飨һ鿾
A shaped, usually rounded or oblong, mass of food:
Բλ򳤷εʳ
veal loaf.
Сţ
?
Middle English lof 
йӢ lof 
from Old English hl3f 
Դ Ӣ hl3f 
?
loaf
loaf 2
AHD:[l?f] 
D.J.[l*&f]
K.K.[lof]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
loafed,loaf.ing,loafs 
To pass time at leisure; idle.
ĵعӣֺ
?
Probably back-formation from loafer 
Դ loaferɴ

= =
loan
loan
AHD:[l?n] 
D.J.[l*&n]
K.K.[lon]
n.ʣ
Something lent for temporary use.
ԹʱʹõĶ
A sum of money lent at interest.
ϢһǮ
An act of lending; a grant for temporary use:
裺жʱʹã
asked for the loan of a garden hose.
һ԰ˮ
A temporary transfer to a duty or place away from a regular job:
ʱ뿪湤תƵһְط
an efficiency expert on loan from the main office.
ܹ˾һЧר
v.tr.ﶯʣ
loaned,loan.ing,loans ÷ѡ 
To lend.

?
Middle English lan, lon 
йӢ lan, lon 
from Old Norse l3n * see  leik w- 
Դ ˹ά l3n *μ leik w- 
?
loaner
n.ʣ
?
The verbloan  is well established in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect.The frequent objections to the form by American grammarians may have originatedfrom a 
provincial deference to British critics,who long ago labeled the usage a typical Americanism.Butloan  is used only to describe physical transactions, as of money or goods.For figurative 
transactions,lend  is the only possible form:  
loan Ӣе÷Ѹٹ̣ Ϊǲȷеġ﷨ר֮Զһʽ飬ǳڶӢҵ磬Ǻܾһֱһ÷
Ϊǻloan ֻʽף ǮƷԵĽףֻlend   
Distance lends enchantment.

The allusions lend the work a classical tone.
ʹƷŵζ
Lendis also required in fixed expressions such as lend-lease  and moneylender.  
LendҲڹ̶ ƽ轻  ծ  

= =
lobby
lob.by
AHD:[l?b?] 
D.J.[6lKbi8]
K.K.[6l$bi]
n.ʣ
 lob.bies 
A hall, foyer, or waiting room at or near the entrance to a building, such as a hotel or theater.
ùݻԺȽڴĴϢ
A public room next to the assembly chamber of a legislative body.
ϢңϵĹ
A group of persons engaged in trying to influence legislators or other public officials in favor of a specific cause:
˵ţΪĳضĿŬӰ߻ԱһȺˣ
the banking lobby; the labor lobby.
˵ţ͹˵
v.ʣ
lob.bied,lob.by.ing,lob.bies 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To try to influence the thinking of legislators or other public officials for or against a specific cause:
˵Ϊֻ֧ĳضĿŬӰ߻Ա뷨
lobbying for stronger environmental safeguards; lobbied against the proliferation of nuclear arms.
Ϊǿ˵Ժɢ˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To try to influence public officials on behalf of or against (proposed legislation, for example):
˵Ϊֻ֧򷴶ԡ᰸ͼӰԱ
lobbied the bill through Congress; lobbied the bill to a negative vote.
˵ͨ᰸˵᰸
To try to influence (an official) to take a desired action.
飺ͼŬӰ죨Աȡж
?
Medieval Latin lobia [monastic cloister] 
 lobia [޵Ժ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
lobbyer  
lobbyist
n.ʣ
lobbyism
n.ʣ

= =
local
lo.cal
AHD:[l?kl] 
D.J.[6l*&k*l]
K.K.[6lok*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a particular place:
صģһضطģйصĻɫģ
a local custom; the local slang.
طףٵ
Of or relating to a city, town, or district rather than a larger area:
طģһСһģйصģ
state and local government.
ط
Not broad or general; not widespread:
ֲģ㷺һ㻯ģǴΧģ
local outbreaks of flu.
еľֲ
Medicine Of or affecting a specific part of the body:
ҽѧ ֲģйػӰĳһλģ
a local infection.
ֲȾ
Making all possible or scheduled stops on a route; not express:
ǿ쳵ģпܻƻеĳվͣģؿģ
a local train.

n.ʣ
A public conveyance that makes several intermediate stops before the final destination is reached:
䳵յ֮ǰ;վͣĹ乤ߣ
changed trains to a local.
˵Ի
A local chapter or branch of an organization, especially of a labor union.
ط֧һ֯ĵطָֻ֧
Informal A person from a particular locality.
ʽ ĳһضط
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin loc3s 
Դ  loc3s 
from Latin locus [place] 
Դ  locus [ط] 
?
locally
adv.ʣ
localness
n.ʣ

= =
locality
lo.cal.i.ty
AHD:[l?-k2l1-t?] 
D.J.[l*&6k#l!ti8]
K.K.[lo6k#l!ti]
n.ʣ
 lo.cal.i.ties 
A particular neighborhood, place, or district:
һضڽӵءط
Localities, even individual villages, developed their own languages(Wall Street Journal)See Synonyms at area 
ÿһСӶԼԡ(ڿ)μ area
The fact or quality of having position in space.
λԣڿռռһλõʵ
?
French localit 
 localit 
from Late Latin loc33s} 
Դ  loc33s} 
from loc3s [local] * see  local 
Դ loc3s [ط] *μ local

= =
locate
lo.cate
AHD:[l?k3t, l?-k3t] 
D.J.[6l*&7ke!t, l*&6ke!t]
K.K.[6lo7ket, lo6ket]
v.ʣ
lo.cat.ed,lo.cat.ing,lo.cates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine or specify the position or limits of:
ȷȷָλûΧ
locate Albany on the map; managed to locate the site of the old artists' colony.
ڵͼȷλãͼȷҾ۾ӵصλ
To find by searching, examining, or experimenting:
ҳͨѰҡҳ
locate the source of error.
ҵԴ
To place at a certain location; station or situate:
ãڵһطפʹλڡ
locate an agent in Rochester.
Ѵ˹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become established; settle.
ס
?
Latin loc3e  loc3t- [to place] 
 loc3e  loc3t- [ţ] 
from locus [place] 
Դ locus [ط] 
?
locatable
adj.ݴʣ
locater
n.ʣ

= =
location
lo.ca.tion
AHD:[l?-k3shn] 
D.J.[l*&6ke!.*n]
K.K.[lo6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of locating.
λλΪ
A place where something is or could be located; a site.
ص㣺ĳڻڵĵطص
A site away from a studio at which part or all of a movie is shot:
⾰أһӰĲֻȫԶӰĵط
filming a Western on location in the Mexican desert.
īɳĮ⾰һƬ
A tract of land that has been surveyed and marked off.
ѷأѾ򻮷ֵһƬ
?
Latin loc3?}  loc3ti?n- [a placing] 
 loc3?}  loc3ti?n- [] 
from loc3s [past participle of] loc3re [to place] * see  locate 
Դ loc3s  [] loc3reĹȥִ [ţ] *μ locate
?
locational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
lock
lock 1
AHD:[l?k] 
D.J.[lKk]
K.K.[l$k]
n.ʣ
A device operated by a key, combination, or keycard and used, as on a door, for holding, closing, or securing.
һԿסԿ׿װáװϣ԰ѳ֡ϻ
A section of a waterway, such as a canal, closed off with gates, in which vessels in transit are raised or lowered by raising or lowering the water level of that section.
ˮբŹסˮһ֣˺ӡͨ߻򽵵ⲿֵˮλ̧ѹеĴֻ
A mechanism in a firearm for exploding the charge.
ǹеĻеװãҩ
An interlocking or entanglement of elements or parts.
ӣػ򲿷ֵӻ
Sports A hold in wrestling or self-defense that is secured on a part of an opponent's body.
˶ Ťˤӻҷнץסĳλ
A secure hold or grip:
εĽգ
The distributor has a lock on most of the market.
Ŵ󲿷г
v.ʣ
locked,lock.ing,locks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten the lock of:
ϣ
close and lock a drawer.
ϲϳ
To shut or make secure with or as if with locks:
ãغãüϻգ
locked the house.
Ϸ
To confine or exclude by or as if by means of a lock:
нüסϳ
locked the dog in for the night; locked the criminal up in a cell.
ϰѹؽȥﷸ
To fix in place so that movement or escape is impossible; hold fast:
̶̶һطʹ޷ƶ룻ץΣ
The ship was locked in the ice through the winter. She felt that she had become locked into a binding agreement.
촬ֻڱеѾһԼĺԼס
To sight and follow (a moving target) automatically:
׷٣׼Զ٣һƶĿ꣩
locked the enemy fighter in the gun sights.
ǹ׼ٵս
To aim (a weapon or other device) at a moving target so as to follow it automatically:
ʹװã׼һƶĿԱܶԶ٣
The pilot had locked his targeting radar on the slow-moving frigate(Ed Magnuson)
ԱѾ˻ƶĻϵ״Ŀꡱ(¡Ŭɭ)
To engage and interlock securely so as to be immobile.
ʹ̶ҧʹ޷ƶ
To clasp or link firmly; intertwine:
סץס᣻֯
locked arms and walked away.
סֱ߿
To bind in close struggle or battle:
Ťⲫսвһ
The two dogs were locked in combat.
ֻʱһ
To equip (a waterway) with locks.
ˮϣװˮբ
To pass (a vessel) through a lock.
ʹͨˮբ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
To secure (letterpress type) in a chase or press bed by tightening the quoins.
Ǧװ棺սШӰѣźðǦ̶֣ڿڻӡˢ
To fasten (a curved plate) to the cylinder of a rotary press.
߰ϵڹͲѣ߰棩̶תӡˢĹͲ
To invest (funds) in such a way that they cannot easily be converted into cash.
Σʱʱ޷תΪֽͶ
Computer Science To end the processing of (a magnetic tape or disk) in such a way as to deny access to its contents.
ѧ ܾͨȡݶ̻ŵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become fastened by or as if by means of a lock:
ϣƺù̶
The door locks automatically when shut.
ڹʱԶס
To become entangled; interlock.
᣻
To become rigid or immobile:
Ӳ
The mechanism tends to lock in cold weather.
еװû佩Ӳ
To pass through a lock or locks in a waterway.
ˮˮբ
?
lock out
To withhold work from (employees) during a labor dispute.
ͣ͹ڼ䲻ãӶˣ
?
lock horns
To become embroiled in conflict.
ìܳͻ
lock, stock, and barrel
To the greatest or most complete extent; wholly:
׵أȫأﵽ׵ķΧȫأ
an estate that was auctioned off lock, stock, and barrel.
ȫȥһ鷿ز
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English loc [bolt, bar] 
Դ Ӣ loc [] 
?
lockable
adj.ݴʣ
?
lock
lock 2
AHD:[l?k] 
D.J.[lKk]
K.K.[l$k]
n.ʣ
A length or curl of hair; a tress.
һͷһ
Often locks The hair of the head.
  locks ͷ
A small wisp or tuft, as of wool or cotton.
һһأë޻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English locc 
Դ Ӣ locc 

= =
locomotive
lo.co.mo.tive
AHD:[l?k-m?t1v] 
D.J.[7l*&k*6m*&t!v]
K.K.[7lok*6mot!v]
n.ʣ
A self-propelled vehicle, usually electric or diesel-powered, for pulling or pushing freight or passenger cars on railroad tracks.
һƽĳͨõȼƻϵĻͳ
A driving or pulling force; an impetus:
ƶ
The US could no longer serve as the locomotive for the world economy(George Soros)
Ҳе羭ƶˡ(Ρ˹)
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or involved in locomotion.
˶ģĴƶġ֮صĻе
Serving to put into motion or propel forward:
ƶģʹ˶ǰƽ
It may be that the founding fathers overestimated the locomotive force of the collective and mutual self-interest(Ian Davidson)
ѫǿܹߵع˼ĺ໥ĸƶá(άɭ)
Able to move independently from place to place.
ģܶشһƶһص
Of or relating to a self-propelled locomotive.
ƽģƽĻĻ֮ص
Of or relating to travel.
еģеĻص
?
Latin loc?} [from a place] [ablative of] locus [place] 
 loc?} [һط]  [] locusĶ [ط] 
Medieval Latin m?ovus} [causing motion] * see  motive 
 m?ovus} [˶] *μ motive

= =
lodge
lodge
AHD:[l?j] 
D.J.[lKd9]
K.K.[l$d9]
n.ʣ
A cottage or cabin, often rustic, used as a temporary abode or shelter:
СݣСݻСͨλ壬ʱԵľס
a ski lodge.
ѩС
A small house on the grounds of an estate or a park, used by a caretaker or gatekeeper.
ŷׯ԰԰СݣԱʹ
An inn.
Сõ
Any of various Native American dwellings, such as a hogan, wigwam, or longhouse.
ӡڰסӡڰ˵סжʽԲ׶Ρλ˽
The group living in such a dwelling.
ӡذ䣺סַһȺ
Abbr. L.
д L.
A local chapter of certain fraternal organizations.
ֵܻĵطֻ
The meeting hall of such a chapter.
ֵܻļ
The members of such a chapter.
ֵܻԱ
The den of certain animals, such as the dome-shaped structure built by beavers.
ĳѨ纣һ񷶥ĳ
v.ʣ
lodged,lodg.ing,lodg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with temporary quarters, especially for sleeping:
ṩסΪṩʱԵסָ˯
lodges travelers in the shed.
ṩСݾס
To rent a room to.
ⷿӸ
To place or establish in quarters:
ãû򶨾ס
lodged the children with relatives after the fire.
ֹʹǻص
To serve as a depository for; contain:
أңأ
This cabinet lodges our oldest wines.
ղľ
To place, leave, or deposit, as for safety:
ţڰȫǷšأ
documents lodged with a trusted associate.
ļŵһ
To fix, force, or implant:
̶ǿȣ룺
lodge a bullet in a wall.
һӵǽ
To register (a charge or complaint, for example) before an authority, such as a court; file.
뱸Ȩ編ͥǰߣ뱸
To vest (authority, for example).
ȡãȨ
To beat (crops) down flat:
ũ򵹣
rye lodged by the cyclone.
̨罫Ӵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To live in a place temporarily.
ޣʱĳ
To rent accommodations, especially for sleeping.
ޣסָ˯
To be or become embedded:
Ƕڣ
The ball lodged in the fence.
Ƕ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French loge 
Դ ŷ loge 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
Lodge
Lodge
AHD:[l?j] Henry Cabot (1850-1924) 
D.J.[lKd9]
K.K.[l$d9]
NONE޴ԣ
American politician. As Senate majority leader (1918-1924) and head of the foreign relations committee (1918-1924) he successfully opposed United States membership in the League of 
Nations.
棬أ(1850-1924) μҡβԺ(1918-1924꣩ͶϵίԱ(1918-1924꣩ķԣδܲμӹ
?
Lodge
LodgeHenry Cabot, Jr. (1902-1985)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician and diplomat. He was Richard Nixon's running mate in the 1960 presidential election and later served as ambassador to South Vietnam (1963-1967).
棬Сأ(1902-1985) μҺ⽻ҡ1960ͳѡ¡ɴפԽʹ1963-1967꣩
?
Lodge
LodgeSir Oliver Joseph (1851-1940)
NONE޴ԣ
British physicist known for his pioneering work in radio receivers.
ʿԼɪ(1851-1940) ӢѧңߵջĴо
?
Lodge
LodgeThomas (1558?-1625)
NONE޴ԣ
English writer. His pastoral romanceRosalynde  (c. 1584) provided the plot for Shakespeare's play As You Like It.  
棬˹(1558?-1625) Ӣҡɯʿ԰硶ֵ¡ Ԫ1584꣩Ϊд Դϲ  

= =
lofty
loft.y
AHD:[l?ft?, l?f-] 
D.J.[6l%8fti8, 6lKf-]
K.K.[6l%fti, 6l$f-]
adj.ݴʣ
loft.i.er,loft.i.est 
Of imposing height.
ʵģߵģƺΰĸ߶ȵ
Elevated in character; exalted.See Synonyms at high 
Ʒ¸еģߵĲμ high
Affecting grandness; pompous.
׳ģӡĺƣ׳
Arrogant; haughty.
ģΪǵ
?
Middle English [noble] 
йӢ [] 
from loft [upstairs room, sky] * see  loft 
Դ loft [¥ϵķ䣬] *μ loft
?
loftily
adv.ʣ
loftiness
n.ʣ

= =
log
log 1
AHD:[l?g, l?g] 
D.J.[l%8g, lKg]
K.K.[l%g, l$g]
n.ʣ
A usually large section of a trunk or limb of a fallen or felled tree.
ľģµĻ⵹ɻ֦һΣͨܳ
A long, thick section of trimmed, unhewn timber.
δľģδһγֵľ
Nautical 
 
A device trailed from a ship to determine its speed through the water.
ŵһװãڲĺٶ
A record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events of navigational importance.
¼Դ١ԼϷжԺ¼ļ
The book in which this record is kept.
־ּصı
A record of a vehicle's performance, as the flight record of an aircraft.
־Խͨ߹ļأɻķм¼
A record, as of the performance of a machine or the progress of an undertaking:
־ĳֻĳչļأ
a computer log; a trip log.
־־
v.ʣ
logged,log.ging,logs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut down, trim, and haul the timber of (a piece of land).
ľһϵģľ
To cut (timber) into unhewn sections.
ľϣسδľ
To enter in a record, as of a ship or an aircraft.
¼루ɻģ־
To travel (a specified distance, time, or speed):
нУضľ룬ʱٶȣ
logged 30,000 air miles in April.
ڿз30,000Ӣ
To spend or accumulate (time):
ȹۣʱ䣩
had logged 25 years with the company.
Ѿҹ˾25
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cut down, trim, and haul timber.
ľľ
?
log in  
log on ѧ
To enter into a computer the information required to begin a session.
룬עᣬ¼뿪ʼһϢ
log out  
log off ѧ
To enter into a computer the command to end a session.
˳עһϢ
?
Middle English logge 
йӢ logge 
?
log
log 2
AHD:[l?g, l?g] 
D.J.[l%8g, lKg]
K.K.[l%g, l$g]
n.Mathematics ʣѧ 
A logarithm.


= 1,000; therefore, log 10 1,000 = 3. The kinds most often used are the common logarithm and the natural logarithm. 
Ϊʹĳһȡĳݵָn x=a,  a Ϊ n Ķ x ʾΪlog  na=x 磬10 3=1,000log 101,000=3ͨʹõгö
Ȼ 
?
New Latin logarithmus 
ִ logarithmus 
Greek logos [reason, proportion] * see  leg- 
ϣ logos [ԭ򣬾] *μ leg- 
Greek arithmos [number] * see  ar- 
ϣ arithmos [] *μ ar- 
?
logarithmic
AHD:[-r1Ym1k]   loga.rithmi.cal [-m1-kl] ݴʣ
logarithmically
adv.ʣ

= =
logic
log.ic
AHD:[l?j1k] 
D.J.[6lKd9!k]
K.K.[6l$d9!k]
n.Abbr. log.ʣд log.
The study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning.
߼һоɵĿѧоݵĽṹеķЧ
A system of reasoning:
߼һϵ
Aristotle's logic.
ʿµ߼
A mode of reasoning:
ʽ
By that logic, we should sell the company tomorrow.
ʽ͸ðѹ˾
The formal, guiding principles of a discipline, school, or science.
ԭһѧơѧɻһſѧͳġָõԭ
Valid reasoning:

Your paper lacks the logic to prove your thesis.
ȱ֤۵ȷ
The relationship between elements and between an element and the whole in a set of objects, individuals, principles, or events:
ϵһϵ塢ˡԭ¼У֮䡢֮Ĺϵ
There's a certain logic to the motion of rush-hour traffic.
ͨ߷ڵ˶֮һϵ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
The nonarithmetic operations performed by a computer, such as sorting, comparing, and matching, that involve yes-no decisions.
߼߼ɵҪһЩǷжϵķѧ㣬򡢱ȽϺƥ
Computer circuitry.
·
Graphic representation of computer circuitry.
߼·ͼʾļ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French logique 
Դ ŷ logique 
from Latin logica 
Դ  logica 
from Greek logik??)} [(art) of reasoning, logic] [feminine of] logikos [of reasoning] 
Դ ϣ logik??)} [ģ߼]  [] logikosԴ [] 
from logos [reason] * see  leg- 
Դ logos [ԭ] *μ leg- 

= =
logical
log.i.cal
AHD:[l?j1-kl] 
D.J.[6lKd9!k*l]
K.K.[6l$d9!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, in accordance with, or of the nature of logic.
߼ģ߼ġ߼йصġ߼Ļ߼Ե
Based on earlier or otherwise known statements, events, or conditions; reasonable:
ģǰĻ֪۶ϡ¼ģϺģ
Rain was a logical expectation, given the time of year.
ʱǱȻ
Reasoning or capable of reasoning in a clear and consistent manner.
߼ģĻϽķʽ
?
logicality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?]   logi.cal.ness ʣ
logically
adv.ʣ
?
logical,analytic,ratiocinative,rational
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning: 
Щݴеĺǡֳܹȷءġ 
a logical mind;
߼Եͷԣ
an analytic thinker;
һó˼ߣ
the ratiocinative process;
۵Ḷ́
a rational being. illogical 
ԵĶ illogical

= =
lonely
lone.ly
AHD:[l?nl?] 
D.J.[6l*&nli8]
K.K.[6lonli]
adj.ݴʣ
lone.li.er,lone.li.est 
Without companions; lone.
Եģûлģ
Characterized by aloneness; solitary.
¶ģԶһΪģµ
Unfrequented by people; desolate:
˼ģģ
a lonely crossroads.
ʮ·
Dejected by the awareness of being alone.See Synonyms at alone 
įģʶһ˶ɥĲμ alone
Producing such dejection:
еįģ־ɥģ
the loneliest night of the week.
¶һ
?
lonelily
adv.ʣ
loneliness
n.ʣ
?
Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary,  said It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must 
in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.In many casesthis one person may have been an 
author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded  instance; it is possible that a given author 
picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to 
know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely  occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus  (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother 
Volumnia:My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightlythough I go alone,/Like to alonely  dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and 
talk'd of more than seenyour son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice. Lonely here, of course, has the sense solitary. The dragon 
does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.
ţӢʵ λ֮һ˵ ǾһʵǲҪǾǶĳԴʻÿһӶĳһ˵Ϊܲһ
ԸĻʶΪʱһ˿ǸߣΪһмص״ʹһλߵƷȻ粼ǵģ״м
 ӣ ĳ߿Ǵӱѧʻ˼ʻ˼ڸƷѾֻ֣δǷ֪֡lonely ʵмص״ʹ
óɯʿǵƷʱЩܼǵľɥ顣 ڿ˹ 1607-1608꣩У ˹ĸ׸ķ櫽һλ֣ҵĸ
ף֪ҵðһֱİοңҪšҪֻǰȥһµ ̸ɫ䣬ܲδ׼Ķӣ
ʤ˻ǱƻȦ׺ֶ׽ Lonely ˼Ȼǡµġ еɥеɥҲ̫֪ñᵽĸ

= =
long
long 1
AHD:[l?ng, l?ng] 
D.J.[l%80, lK0]
K.K.[l%0, l$0]
adj.ݴʣ
long.er,long.est д lg.
Extending a relatively great distance.
Զģһνϳ
Having relatively great height; tall.
ߵģнϴ߶ȵģߵ
Having the greater length of two or the greatest length of several:
ϳģģ֮нϳһ֮һ
the long edge of the door.
ŵĳ
Of relatively great duration:
ϳڼģ
a long time.
ܳʱ
Of a specified linear extent or duration:
һֱ߳Ȼڼģ
a mile long; an hour long.
һӢﳤһСʱ֮
Made up of many members or items:
ݷģԱĿɵģ
a long shopping list.
ĿĹ嵥
Extending beyond an average or a standard:
ģ쳬ƽֵ׼ģ
a long game.
ʱ
Tediously protracted; lengthy:
÷ζģģ
a long speech.
߳ݽ
Concerned with distant issues; far-reaching:
ԶģԶģϵԶģΧģ
took a long view of the geopolitical issues.
ԶչԵѧ
Involving substantial chance; risky:
Ҫܶģðյģ
long odds.
ðյĶע
Having an abundance or excess of:
൱̶ȵģзḻĻġģ
politicians whose rsums are long on competence(Margaret Garrard Warner)
μҵļ¶(ء¡)
Having a holding of a commodity or security in expectation of a rise in price:
ڻģл֤ȯȴǵģ
long on soybeans.
ڻ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Having a comparatively great duration. Used of a vowel or consonant.
ģнϳʱġԪ
Of, relating to, or being a vowel sound in English, such as the vowel sound inmate  or feet,  that is historically descended from a long vowel. 
ĸģڡڻΪӢԪģmate  feet еԪʷԴڳԪ 
Stressed or accented. Used of a syllable in accentual prosody.
ģضĻġѧе
Being of relatively great duration. Used of a syllable in quantitative prosody.
ģ൱ͣ١ʫе
adv.ʣ
During or for an extended period of time:
ӳأӳһʱģ
The promotion was long due.

At or to a considerable distance; far:
ңԶģԶģڻ򵽴൱һξģңԶģ
She walked long past the end of the trail.
ߵСңԶľͷ
For or throughout a specified period:
ʱģһʱĻһʱ֮ڵģ
They talked all night long.
̸һ
At a point of time distant from that referred to:
ʱԶģλָĳһʱԶһʱϵģ
That event took place long before we were born.
·ǳǰܾ
Into or in a long position, as of a commodity market.
ֳõģڻͷصģƷг
n.ʣ
A long time:
ʱ䣺
This won't take long.
ⲻ÷̫ʱ
Linguistics A long syllable, vowel, or consonant.
ѧ ڣڡԪ򳤸
One who acquires holdings in a security or commodity in expectation of a rise in price.
ڻƷߣ֤ȯȴǵ
A garment size for a tall person.
ĳߴ磺߸ӵ˵ķװ
longs Trousers extending to the feet or ankles.
 longs 㣺׵Ŀ
?
any longer
For more time:
øʱ䣺
can't wait any longer.
ٵ
as long as 
so long as
During the time that:
ڡʱ֮ڣ
I'll stay as long as I can.
ܴþʹ
Inasmuch as; since:
ȻΪ
As long as you're up, get me a drink.
ȻѾˣŪȵ
Under the condition that; provided that:
ԡΪֻҪ
So long as we don't understand it too well, every other language is poetry(Anatole Broyard)
ֻҪǶԱ̫˽⣬ǾͶʫ(ж³Ƕ)
before long
Soon.
ܿ
long ago
At a time or during a period well before the present:
ǰǰһʱһʱ䣺
I read that book long ago.
ҺܾǰǱ
A time well before the present:
ܾǰܾǰһʱ䣺
heroes of long ago.
ŴӢ
long in the tooth
Growing old.

no longer
Not now as formerly:
٣ǰͬ
He no longer smokes.

not long for
Unlikely to remain for much more time in:
ڡдںܾã
not long for this world.

the long and the short of it
The substance or gist:
ݻ򹣸ţ
You can look on the front page of the paper for the long and the short of it.
ԿһҳϵĹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lang * see  del- 1
Դ Ӣ lang *μ del- 1
?
long
long 2
AHD:[l?ng, l?ng] 
D.J.[l%80, lK0]
K.K.[l%0, l$0]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
longed,long.ing,longs 
To have an earnest, heartfelt desire, especially for something beyond reach.See Synonyms at yearn 
ֿġԵԸģָܼ֮Ŀμ yearn
?
Middle English longen 
йӢ longen 
from Old English langian * see  del- 1
Դ Ӣ langian *μ del- 1
?
Long
Long
AHD:[l?ng, l?ng] Crawford Williamson (1815-1878) 
D.J.[l%80, lK0]
K.K.[l%0, l$0]
NONE޴ԣ
American surgeon and pioneer anesthetist who was among the first (1842) to use ether as an anesthetic.
ʣ͸¡ɭ(1815-1878) ҽʦʹ֮һ1842꣩
?
Long
LongHuey Pierce  Called the Kingfish.(1893-1935)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician. As governor of Louisiana (1928-1932) and U.S. senator (1930-1935) he established dictatorial control over the state.
ʣƤ˹(1893-1935) μҡ·˹ݳ1928-1932꣩͹Ա1930-1935꣩ڸݽ˶ר
?
Long
LongStephen Harriman (1784-1864)
NONE޴ԣ
American railroad engineer and explorer. He led expeditions to the upper Mississippi River (1817) and the Rocky Mountains (1820).
ʣ˹ٷҡ(1784-1864) ·ʦ̽ռҡ쵼ȺΣ1817꣩ɽ1820꣩̽

= =
longitude
lon.gi.tude
AHD:[l?nj1-t?d, -ty?d, l?n-] 
D.J.[6lKnd9!7tu8d, -7tju8d, 6l%8n-]
K.K.[6l$nd9!7tud, -7tjud, 6l%n-]
n.Abbr. long.ʣд long.
Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or 
hours), minutes, and seconds.
ߣĳɽǾ룬Ӣεı򶫻ĳһ߼ԶȣСʱֺʾ
Celestial longitude.
ƾ
?
Middle English [length, a measured length] 
йӢ [ȣһõĳ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin longit??}  longit?din- 
Դ  longit??}  longit?din- 
from longus [long] * see  del- 1
Դ longus [] *μ del- 1

= =
look
look
AHD:[l?k] 
D.J.[l&k]
K.K.[l&k]
v.ʣ
looked,look.ing,looks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To employ one's sight, especially in a given direction or on a given object:
עӣۿָĳһضĳһضϣ
looking out the window; looked at the floor.
⿴ذ
To search:
Ѱң
We looked all afternoon but could not find it.
һ絫Ҳ
To turn one's glance or gaze:
תĳ˵ߣ
looked to the right.
ҿ
To turn one's attention; attend:
תעע⣺
looked to his neglected guitar during vacation.
ڼ뵽Ǳļ
To turn one's expectations:
ת
looked to us for a solution.
Ѱҽ
To seem or appear to be:
ƺԵãƻ
look morose.See Synonyms at seem 
˲μ seem
To face in a specified direction:
ĳһض
The cottage looks on the river.
Сݶź
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To turn one's eyes on:
תĿڣ
looked him in the eye.
۾
To convey by one's expression:
ĳ˵ı鴫
looked annoyance at the judge; looked his devotion to me.
ŭؿŷ٣ȳϵ
To have an appearance of conformity with:
ϣ롭һ£
He looks his age. She dressed up to look the part.
ױԱ㿴Ϻ
To appear to be:

looked the fool in one version of the story.
ǹɵϵĽɫ
n.ʣ
The act or instance of looking:
ж
I took just one look and I was sure.
ֻһ۾ȷ
A gaze or glance expressive of something:
ɫ񣺱ĳֺĿ⣺
gave her a mournful look.
˵ؿһ
Appearance or aspect:
ò
a look of great age.
ͷܾ
looks Physical appearance, especially when pleasing.
 looks òɫָʱ
A distinctive, unified manner of dress or fashion:
ŵķʽеʽġһµĴŷʽʱУ
the preferred look for this fall.
д
?
look after
To take care of:
չˣ
looked after his younger brother.
չСܵ
look for
To search for; seek:
Ѱң
looking for my gloves.
ҵ
To expect:
ϣ
Look for a change of weather in March.
ϣ
look on  
look upon
To regard in a certain way:
Ϊĳַʽ
looked on them as incompetents.
Ϊǲʤ
look out
To be watchful or careful; take care:
Сģģע⣺
If you don't look out, you may fall on the ice. We looked out for each other on the trip.
СĵĻڱˤġ;лտ
look to
To expect:

He looked to hear from her.
յ
To seem about to; promise to:
ƽҪŵ
an Action Program, which . . . looked to reduce tariffs on over 1,800 items(Alan D. Romberg)
һŵ1500Ʒ˰ġжƻ(D.)
look up
To search for and find, as in a reference book.
ңڲοѰҲҵ
To visit:
ݷã
look up an old friend.
ݷһ
To become better; improve:
øãƣ
Things are at last looking up.
Ĺ
?
look a gift horse in the mouthʽ
To be critical or suspicious of something one has received without expense.
ϵµڱԲκδ۾͵õĳʾ
look alive 
look sharp ʽ
To act or respond quickly:
죺ٵжӦ
Look alive! We leave in five minutes.
㣡ڳ
look down on 
look down upon
To regard with contempt or condescension.
ӣ̬ȿ
look down (one's) nose at 
look down (one's) nose on
To regard with contempt or condescension.
ӣ̬ȿ
look forward to
To think of (a future event) with pleasurable, eager anticipation:
⡢еϣţһ£
looking forward to graduation.
ڴűҵ
look up to
To admire:
Ľ
looked up to the older poet.
ĽλЩʫ
?
Middle English loken 
йӢ loken 
from Old English l?n 
Դ Ӣ l?n 

= =
loop
loop 1
AHD:[l?p] 
D.J.[lu8p]
K.K.[lup]
n.ʣ
A length of line, thread, ribbon, or other thin material that is curved or doubled over making an opening.
״ߣһӡߡӻϸĶ۵ɵͼ
The opening formed by such a doubled line.
Բף۵γɵȦ
Something having a shape, order, or path of motion that is circular or curved over on itself.
״״˳˶·Ϊλĳ
Electricity A closed circuit.
ѧ պϵ·
Computer Science A sequence of instructions that repeats either a specified number of times or until a particular condition prevails.
ѧ ѭָһϵظֱﵽĳָ
A type of loop-shaped intrauterine device.
лһֻ״ıװ
A flight maneuver in which an aircraft flies a circular path in a vertical plane with the lateral axis of the aircraft remaining horizontal.
ɣһַбݣһܷɻֱηУͬʱɻᱣˮƽ
Sports See  league 1
˶ μ  league1 
v.ʣ
looped,loop.ing,loops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form into a loop.
γһ
To fasten, join, or encircle with loops or a loop.
Ի̶һ򼸸˩Ρϵ
To fly (an aircraft) in a loop.
зУڻηбмʻɻ
To move in a loop or an arc.
״״˶
Electricity To join (conductors) so as to complete a circuit.
ѧ γɷյ·γɱպϵ·
To add or substitute (words) in a film by altering the sound track.
ĻͨıӰƬм滻䣩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a loop.
γһ
To move in a loop:
˶
The couple looped constantly around the international social circuit(Walter Isaacson)
Է򸾲ϵشڹ罻Ȧ(ֶءɭ)
To make a loop in an aircraft.
ηб
?
Middle English loupe 
йӢ loupe 
probably from Middle Irish lb  perhaps influenced by Middle English lep [basket] 
Դ йŰ lb   йӢ lepӰ [] 
?
loop
loop 2
AHD:[l?p] 
D.J.[lu8p]
K.K.[lup]
n.Archaic ʣ 
A loophole through which small arms may be fired.
ףԽĿ
?
Middle English loupe 
йӢ loupe 
?
Loop
Loop
AHD:[l?p] 
D.J.[lu8p]
K.K.[lup]
NONE޴ԣ
The central business district of Chicago, Illinois. The Loop was originally named for a loop in the elevated railroad tracks.
¬գŵ˹֥ӸеҵġԴڸ߼һ

= =
loose
loose
AHD:[l?s] 
D.J.[lu8s]
K.K.[lus]
adj.ݴʣ
loos.er,loos.est 
Not fastened, restrained, or contained:
ɢģδ˩εģδƵģδƵģ
loose bricks.
ɢש
Not taut, fixed, or rigid:
̶ģӲģδģδ̶ģȹ̵ģ
a loose anchor line; a loose chair leg.
ɵêߣ˵
Free from confinement or imprisonment; unfettered:
ܵģɵģƻнģδģ
criminals who were loose in the neighborhood; dogs that are loose on the streets.
ڸܣڽͷĹ
Not tight-fitting or tightly fitted:
ģɵģ
loose shoes.
ɵЬ
Not bound, bundled, stapled, or gathered together:
δõģδõģɢҵģδġδġδεġδռһģ
loose papers.
ɢҳֽ
Not compact or dense in arrangement or structure:
ܵģϻṹϲܵĻܼģ
loose gravel.
ɢŵʯ
Lacking a sense of restraint or responsibility; idle:
Ͻģģȱپлθеģɢģ
loose talk.
̸
Lacking conventional moral restraint in sexual behavior.
ŵģΪȱٴͳ¹Լ
Not literal or exact:
ȷʵģֶӦȷеģ
a loose translation.

Characterized by a free movement of fluids in the body:
̵ģкǵģڵҺΪģ
a loose cough; loose bowels.
̵ȣк
adv.ʣ
In a loose manner.
ɢ
v.ʣ
loosed,loos.ing,loos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To let loose; release:
ɣɿ
loosed the dogs.
ſ
To make loose; undo:
ʹɿ⿪
loosed his belt.
ɿ
To cast loose; detach:
ѣ⿪
hikers loosing their packs at camp.
ԶӪؽ±
To let fly; discharge:
ŷɣ
loosed an arrow.
һֻ
To release pressure or obligation from; absolve:
ж£ĳ˴ӡѹнų⣺
loosed her from the responsibility.

To make less strict; relax:
ʹôϸ񣻷ɣ
a leader's strong authority that was loosed by easy times.
ĸ߶Ȩеʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become loose.
ɢ
To discharge a missile; fire.
䵼
?
on the loose
At large; free.
ӣ
Acting in an uninhibited fashion.
Էݵķʽж
?
Middle English louse, los 
йӢ louse, los 
from Old Norse lauss * see  leu- 
Դ ˹ά lauss *μ leu- 
?
loosely
adv.ʣ
looseness
n.ʣ
?
loose,lax,slack
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not tautly bound, held, or fastened: 
Щݴе˼ǡδסץס˩סġ 
loose reins;
ɿ
a lax rope;
ɢӣ
slack sails. tight 
ɢĴ tight

= =
loosen
loos.en
AHD:[l?sn] 
D.J.[6lu8s*n]
K.K.[6lus*n]
v.ʣ
loos.ened,loos.en.ing,loos.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To untie or make looser.
⿪ʹ
To free from restraint, pressure, or strictness.
ſɣӾѹϸҪнѳ
To free (the bowels) from constipation.
ʹͨʹرͨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become loose or looser.
ɻø
?
Middle English lousnen, losnen 
йӢ lousnen, losnen 
from losen 
Դ losen 
from los [loose] * see  loose 
Դ los [ɵ] *μ loose

= =
lord
lord
AHD:[l?rd] 
D.J.[l%8d]
K.K.[l%rd]
n.ʣ
A man of high rank in a feudal society or in one that retains feudal forms and institutions, especially:
⽨ϲ׼ڷ⽨ڱŷ⽨ʽͻڸλˣָ
A king.

A territorial magnate.

The proprietor of a manor.

Lords See  House of Lords 
 Lords μ  House of Lords
Lord Abbr. Ld.Chiefly British The general masculine title of nobility and other rank:
 Lord д Ld.Ӣ 壺γõͷ
Used as a form of address for a marquis, an earl, or a viscount.
ѫӾĳƺ
Used as the usual style for a baron.
ооĳóƺ
Used as a courtesy title for a younger son of a duke or marquis.
£ˣԹĶӵľ
Used as a title for certain high officials and dignitaries.
£ˣĳЩ߹ٺ͵λߵ˵ͷ
Used as a title for a bishop.
£ˣ̵ͷ
Lord 
 Lord 
God.
ϵ
Jesus.
Ү
A man of renowned power or authority.
ȨȨ
A man who has mastery in a given field or activity.
ʦĳһкܾͨ
Archaic The male head of a household.
 ɷһ˵Ի
Archaic A husband.
 ɷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lord.ed,lord.ing,lords 
To act like a lord; domineer. Often used with the indefiniteit : 
磺үһж衣ͨ벻it ã 
lorded it over their subordinates.
¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hl3d 
Դ Ӣ hl3d 
hl3f [bread] 
hl3f [] 
weard [guardian] * see  wer- 3
weard [໤] *μ wer- 3

= =
lorry
lor.ry
AHD:[l?r?, l?r?] 
D.J.[6l%8ri8, 6lKri8]
K.K.[6l%ri, 6l$ri]
n.ʣ
 lor.ries Ӣ 
A motor truck.

?
; akin to  Perhaps akin to dialectal lurry [to lug, haul] 
    lurry [ϣק] 

= =
lose
lose
AHD:[l?z] 
D.J.[lu8z]
K.K.[luz]
v.ʣ
lost[l?st, l?st] los.ing,los.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be unsuccessful in retaining possession of; mislay:
ʧڱĳʱɹʧ
He's always losing his keys on the way out the door.
·϶ʧԿ
To come to be deprived of the ownership, care, or control of (something one has had), as by negligence, accident, or theft:
ʧȥԶᣨĳӵеĳȨȨȨ
I've lost three umbrellas this year. Britain lost its American colonies in a revolution.
ҶɡڸУӢɥʧڱֳ
To be deprived of (something one has had):
ᣨĳӵеĳ
lost their lives; lost her youth through hardship.
ʧȥͶʧȥഺ
To be bereaved of:
ɥʧ
lost his wife.
ʧȥ
To be unable to keep alive:
޷޷ʹȥ
a doctor who has lost very few patients.
λҽвĲ
To be unable to maintain, sustain, or keep:
޷ά֣򱣹ܣ
lost everything in the stock market crash; is losing supporters by changing his mind.
ڹпɥʧһУڸı⣬ʧȥ֧
To fail to win; fail in:
δܻʤʧܣ
lost the game; lost the court case.
ڱʧܣ˹˾
To fail to use or take advantage of:
δʹûã
Don't lose a chance to improve your position.
ҪĻ
To fail to hear, see, or understand:
޷⣺
We lost the plane in the fog. I lost her when she started speaking about thermodynamics.
Ũǿɻˡʼѧʱⲻ
To let (oneself) become unable to find the way.
·ʹԼ޷ҵ·
To remove (oneself), as from everyday reality into a fantasy world.
ʧԼճʵ
To rid oneself of:
᣺ʹԼѣ
lost five pounds.
Ӣ
To consume aimlessly; waste:
˷ѣĿĵѣ˷ѣ
lost a week in idle occupations.
л˷һʱ
To stray or wander from:
ӡʧ
lose one's way.
·
To elude or outdistance:
ܿ˦
lost their pursuers.
˦ǵ׷
To be outdistanced by:
˦
chased the thieves but lost them.
׷С͵˦
To become slow by (a specified amount of time). Used of a timepiece.
ˣһʱ䣩ڼʱ
To cause or result in the loss of:
¡ɥʧɡʧԡʧΪ
Failure to reply to the advertisement lost her the job.
δܶԹʹʧȥ˹
To cause to be destroyed. Usually used in the passive:
ʹٻͨڱ
Both planes were lost in the crash.
ܷɻײб
To cause to be damned.
ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To suffer loss.
ʧ
To be defeated.

To operate or run slow. Used of a timepiece.
תڼʱ
?
lose out
To fail to achieve or receive an expected gain.
ʧܣδܴﵽյԤĿ
?
lose out on
To miss (an opportunity, for example).
ᣩ
lose time
To operate too slowly. Used of a timepiece.
ӱת̫ڼʱ
To delay advancement.
չ
?
Middle English losen 
йӢ losen 
from Old English losian [to perish] 
Դ Ӣ losian [ʧ] 
from los [loss] * see  leu- 
Դ los [ʧ] *μ leu- 

= =
loss
loss
AHD:[l?s, l?s] 
D.J.[l%8s, lKs]
K.K.[l%s, l$s]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of losing:
ʧܣʧܵΪʵ
nine losses during the football season.
оŴΰܱ
One that is lost:
ʧȥĶ
wrote their flooded house off as a loss.
ΪʧǱˮûķ
The condition of being deprived or bereaved of something or someone:
ʧɥʧ߻ĳĳ˵״
mourning their loss.
Ϊǵʧ
The amount of something lost:
ʧ
selling at a 50 percent loss.
԰۵ʧ
The harm or suffering caused by losing or being lost.
ʧȥģʹࣺɥʧɥʧɵ˺ʹ
losses People lost in wartime; casualties.
 losses ߣսеԱʧ
Destruction:

The war caused incalculable loss.
ս޷ʧ
Electricity The power decrease caused by resistance in a circuit, circuit element, or device.
ѧ ģɵ··Ԫ·װڵĵɵĵ½
The amount of a claim on an insurer by an insured.
⳥˴ӳб˻õ⳥
?
at a loss
Below cost:
ڳɱģ
sold the merchandise at a loss.
Ȿ
Perplexed; puzzled:
Իģģ
I am at a loss to understand those remarks.
ҲЩ
?
Middle English los 
йӢ los 
from Old English * see  lose 
Դ Ӣ *μ lose

= =
lot
lot
AHD:[l?t] 
D.J.[lKt]
K.K.[l$t]
n.ʣ
An object used in making a determination or choice at random:
ǩһѡĶ
casting lots.
ǩ
The use of objects in making a determination or choice at random:
ǩĳľѡ
chosen by lot.
ǩ
The determination or choice so made.
ǩĽľѡ
Something that befalls one because of or as if because of determination by lot.
ˣڻƺ˵ľĳϵ
One's fortune in life; fate.See Synonyms at fate 
ˣĳһ˲μ fate
A number of associated people or things:
һȺйϵ˻
placating an angry lot of tenants; kids who made a noisy lot.
οһȺŭĵũһȺֵĺ
Kind; type:
ࣻͣ
That dog is a contented lot.
֪Ĺ
Miscellaneous articles sold as one unit.
һΪһλ۵ӻ
Informal A large extent, amount, or number:
ʽ ࣺΧԱ
is in a lot of trouble; made lots of new friends.Often used adverbially with  a or in the plural:  felt a lot better; ran lots faster. 
鷳ѡʣ  ûڸ еöˣܵÿ 
A piece of land having specific boundaries, especially one constituting a part of a city, town, or block.
һƤض߽һأָɳСһ
A piece of land used for a given purpose:
;һأ
a parking lot.
ͣ
A film studio.
Ӱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lot.ted,lot.ting,lots 
To apportion by lots; allot.
䣻
To divide (land) into lots.
֣أأֳɿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hlot 
Դ Ӣ hlot 
?
Lot
Lot 1
AHD:[l?t] 
D.J.[lKt]
K.K.[l$t]
NONE޴ԣ
In the Old Testament, Abraham's nephew, whose wife was turned into a pillar of salt when she looked back as they fled Sodom.
޵£Լеǲֶӣ֮ʱͷ
?
Lot
Lot 2
AHD:[l?t, l?t] 
D.J.[lKt, l%8t]
K.K.[l$t, l%t]
NONE޴ԣ
A river of southern France rising in the Cvennes and flowing about 483 km (300 mi) westward to the Garonne River.
غӣϲһԴɽԼ483300Ӣע

= =
loud
loud
AHD:[loud] 
D.J.[la&d]
K.K.[la&d]
adj.ݴʣ
loud.er,loud.est 
Characterized by high volume and intensity. Used of sound.
ģԸǿΪġ
Producing sound of high volume and intensity.
ģǿҵ
Clamorous and insistent:
ǿģֵģ
loud denials.
Ȼķ
Having offensively bright colors:
ֻڵģд۵ɫģ
a loud necktie.
һ̫ڵ
Having an offensively strong odor.
̱ǵģһŵǿζ
Offensive in manner.

adv.ʣ
louder,loudest 
In a loud manner.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hl?d * see  kleu- 
Դ Ӣ hl?d *μ kleu- 
?
loudly
adv.ʣ
loudness
n.ʣ
?
loud,earsplitting,stentorian,strident
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by or producing great volume and often disagreeable intensity of sound: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡ͹ǿҵģдġ 
loud trumpets;
죻
earsplitting shrieks;
̶ļУ
stentorian tones;

strident, screeching brakes. See also Synonyms at  gaudy 1soft 
̶ġе μͬ gaudy1soft

= =
loudspeaker
loud.speak.er
AHD:[loudsp?kr] 
D.J.[6la&d7spi8k*]
K.K.[6la&d7spik+]
n.ʣ
A device that converts electric signals to audible sound.
ѵźתΪһװ

= =
lounge
lounge
AHD:[lounj] 
D.J.[la&nd9]
K.K.[la&nd9]
v.ʣ
lounged,loung.ing,loung.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or act in a lazy, relaxed way; loll:
й䣺ģɵķʽƶж
lounging on the sofa; lounged around in pajamas.
ɳϣ˯µй
To pass time idly:
ɢضȹ
lounged in Venice till June.
˹й䣬ֱ·
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass (time) in a lazy, relaxed, or idle way:
ɢգɢأɵأش򷢣ʱ䣩
lounged the day away.
ɢش
n.ʣ
A public waiting room, as in a hotel or an air terminal, often having smoking or lavatory facilities.
Ϣңһ乫ĵȺңڱɻյ㣬̻豸
An establishment or a room in an establishment, as in a hotel or restaurant, where cocktails are served.
һʩһʩеһ䷿ӣһݻ͹У˴ۼβ
A living room.

A lobby.
Ϣ
A long couch, especially one having no back and a headrest at one end.
Σ޿һͷĳɳ
?
Possibly from French s'allonger [to stretch out] 
Դ  s'allonger [չ] 
from Old French alongier [to lengthen] 
Դ ŷ alongier [ӳ] 
from Medieval Latin allong3e 
Դ  allong3e 
Latin ad- [ad-] 
 ad- [ǰ׺] 
Latin longus [long] * see  long 1
 longus [] *μ long1
?
lounger
n.ʣ

= =
love
love
AHD:[l?v] 
D.J.[lJv]
K.K.[lJv]
n.ʣ
A deep, tender, ineffable feeling of affection and solicitude toward a person, such as that arising from kinship, recognition of attractive qualities, or a sense of underlying oneness.
ĳ˵һУᣬ޷ݵϲǣ֮飬ݹϵģƷʵķģһǱͬһ
A feeling of intense desire and attraction toward a person with whom one is disposed to make a pair; the emotion of sex and romance.
Ը֮Ϊż˵ǿҵԳ嶯
Sexual passion.

Sexual intercourse.
Խ
A love affair.

An intense emotional attachment, as for a pet or treasured object.
ȺãһǿҵĸһĶ
A person who is the object of deep or intense affection or attraction; beloved. Often used as a term of endearment.
ˣˣлǿϲĶ󣻱ߡǳ
An expression of one's affection:
⣺ϲı֣
Send him my love.
ҵİ
A strong predilection or enthusiasm:
ȣǿҵƫ̻飺
a love of language.
ԵĿ
The object of such an enthusiasm:
ĶˣһֿȵĶ
The outdoors is her greatest love.
Ļ˶
Love Mythology Eros or Cupid.
 Love 񻰡 
Often Love Theology Charity.
  Love ѧ 
Love Christian Science God.
 Love ̿ѧɡ ϵ
Sports A zero score in tennis.
˶ е
v.ʣ
loved,lov.ing,loves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have a deep, tender, ineffable feeling of affection and solicitude toward (a person):
ȰԣĳˣһУᣬ޷ݵϲǣң
We love our parents. I love my friends.
ǰǵĸĸҰҵ
To have a feeling of intense desire and attraction toward (a person).
ԣĳˣǿҵ
To have an intense emotional attachment to:
ԡһǿҵĸ
loves his house.
ͷ
To embrace or caress.
ӵ
To have sexual intercourse with.
͡Խ
To like or desire enthusiastically:
Ⱥãȵϲõ
loves swimming.
ᰮӾ
Theology To have charity for.
ѧ ԡĴȰ
To thrive on; need:
Ҫ棻Ҫ
The cactus loves hot, dry air.
ҪȵĿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To experience deep affection or intense desire for another.
ĳ˵ϲǿ
?
for love
Out of compassion; with no thought for a reward:
ͬģر
She volunteers at the hospital for love.
ڰҪҽԺ
for love or money
Under any circumstances. Usually used in negative sentences:
κ¡ڷ񶨾У
I would not do that for love or money.
κҶ
for the love of
For the sake of; in consideration for:
ΪˣڣΪˡԵʣڶԡĿǣ
did it all for the love of praise.
Ϊ˵õ
no love lost
No affection; animosity:
ûкøУ⣺
There's no love lost between them.
ֻ֮е
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English lufu * see  leubh- 
Դ Ӣ lufu *μ leubh- 
?
love,affection,devotion,fondness,infatuation
These nouns denote feelings of warm personal attachment or strong attraction to another person.
Щʱʾһ˵ůĸǿҵ
 Love  suggests a more intense feeling than that associated with the other words of this group: 
 Love  еشʱһָǿҵĸ飺 
married for love.
Ϊ顣
Affection  is a less ardent and more unvarying feeling of tender regard: 
Affection  ôңһ㲻У 
parental affection.
ĸĴȰ
Devotion  is earnest, affectionate dedication;it implies a more selfless, often more abiding feeling thanlove :  
Devotion  ʾĵģ鰮ķףָlove ˽ִͨŵĸ飺  
The devotion of the aged couple is inspiring.
˵ֿǴ˷ܽġ
Fondness  is strong liking or affection: 
Fondness  һǿҵϲϲ 
showed their fondness for their grandchildren by financing their education.
ͨﱲǵĽǵϲ
Infatuation  is foolish or extravagant attraction,often of short duration: 
Infatuation  һ޴İİͨʱ̣ 
Their infatuation blinded them to the fundamental differences in their points of view. See also Synonyms at  like 1
֮ʹǿ֮ĸ μͬ like1

= =
lovely
love.ly
AHD:[l?vl?] 
D.J.[6lJvli8]
K.K.[6lJvli]
adj.ݴʣ
love.li.er,love.li.est 
Full of love; loving.
ɰģ˰ģа
Inspiring love or affection.
ģе
Having beauty that appeals to the emotions as well as to the eye.See Synonyms at beautiful 
ģģмĿĲμ beautiful
Enjoyable; delightful.

n.ʣ
 love.lies 
A beautiful person, especially a woman.
ŮһˣָŮ
A lovely object.
һɰĶ
?
loveliness
n.ʣ
lovely
adv.ʣ

= =
lover
lov.er
AHD:[l?vr] 
D.J.[6lJv*]
K.K.[6lJv+]
n.ʣ
One who loves another, especially one who feels sexual love.
ˣһ˵ˣǸо԰
lovers A couple in love with each other.
 lovers еһ
A paramour.
鸾
A sexual partner.
԰
One who is fond of or devoted to something:
Ⱥߣĳ»ĳرϲˣ
a lover of fine food.
Ⱥõʳ
?
loverly
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
low
low 1
AHD:[l?] 
D.J.[l*&]
K.K.[lo]
adj.ݴʣ
low.er,low.est 
Having little relative height; not high or tall.
͵ģнС߶ȵģߵ
Rising only slightly above surrounding surfaces.
Ƶ͵ģΧˮƽֻ߳һ
Situated or placed below normal height:
λõ͵ģ߶ȵ͵ģ
a low lighting fixture.
Ͱ豸
Situated below the surrounding surfaces:
͵ģΧƽ͵ģ
water standing in low spots.
ˮλ
Dead and buried.
ģ
Cut to show the wearer's neck and chest; dcollet:
Ϳڵģü͵ʾߵĲӺؿڵģڵģ
a low neckline.

Near or at the horizon:
ƽߵģƽ߻ڵƽϵģ
The sun is low in the sky.
̫ӽƽ
Linguistics Produced with part or all of the tongue depressed, asa,  pronounced (?), in father.  Used of vowels. 
ѧ λŵ͵ģģͷֻȫѹͶģfather  a (?)Ԫ 
Of less than usual or average depth; shallow:
ǳģͨĻһȵģǳģ
The river is low.
ǳ
Humble in status or character.
ģڵλԸϱȽϵͼ
Biology Of relatively simple structure in the scale of living organisms.
ѧ ͼģлĵȼԼ򵥽ṹ
Unrefined; coarse:
׵ģŵģģ
low humor.
Ĭ
Violating standards of morality or decency; base:
ģΥ±׼ӵģ
a low stunt to pull.See Synonyms at mean 2
ˣвμ mean2
Lacking strength or vigor; weak.
˥ģȱģ
Emotionally or mentally depressed.
ģϻѹֵ
Below average in degree, intensity, or amount:
ٵģµģڳ̶ȡǿȻϵƽֵģ
a low temperature.

Below an average or a standard:
ˮƽģƽֵ׼ģ
low wages; a low level of communication.
͹ʣˮ׼ͨѶϵͳ
Ranked near the beginning of an ascending series or scale:
λõ͵ģڽӽϵлȼĿ˵ģ
a low number; a low grade of oil.
һСͼ
Relating to or being latitudes nearest to the equator.
γȣ͵ģγȽӽģ֮йص
Relatively small. Used of a cost, price, or other value:
͵ģСġڷã۸ֵ
a low fee; a low income.
ͷã
Characterized by a small degree, intensity, or amount of a specified attribute:
͵ģĳһضƷʵĵͳ̶ȡǿȻģ
a low cholesterol diet.
͵̴ʳ
Having a pitch corresponding to a relatively small number of sound-wave cycles per second.
ģһÿӦĵ
Not loud; soft:
ģģģ
a low murmur.
Ļ
Being near total depletion:
ȱǮģݽߵģӽȫľ
My savings account is low.
ҵĴ
Not adequately provided or equipped; short:
ģȱģģȱģ
low on supplies.
͹Ӧ
Depreciatory; disparaging:
ֵģ͵ģ
a low opinion of his qualities.
ʵ
Brought down or reduced in health or wealth:
ģӪģӪ״½Ļٵģ
in a low state.
Ƿѵ״̬
Of, relating to, or being the gear configuration or setting, as in an automotive transmission, that produces the least vehicular speed with respect to engine speed.
ٵģڡڻǲٶӦͳٵĳṹеĽṹ
adv.ʣ
In or to a low position, level, or space:
ڵ͵㣬ˮƽڵ͵ĵص㡢ˮƽռ䣺
aimed low; bent low.
Ŀͣ䵽ܵ
In or to a low condition or rank; humbly:
͵ȵأһֵ͵״̬λµģ
thought low of himself.
Լ
In or to a reduced, humbled, or degraded condition:
µأڼٵġͼĻ½״̬ģ
brought low by business reverses.
ҵƸ
Softly; quietly:
͵أأ
speak low.
˵
With a deep pitch:
͵ӵأõͳ
sang low.
ͳĳ
At a small price:
۵أ
bought low and sold high.

n.ʣ
A low level, position, or degree:
£ͣˮƽλûͳ̶ȣ
Rain collects in the lows. The stock market fell to a new low.
ˮڵݵءлµĵ͹
Meteorology A region of atmospheric pressure that is below normal.
ѧ ѹѹֵĵ
The low gear configuration of a transmission.
ٳ֣ĵٳֹ
?
Middle English loue 
йӢ loue 
from Old Norse l3r * see  legh- 
Դ ˹ά l3r *μ legh- 
?
lowness
n.ʣ
?
low
low 2
AHD:[l?] 
D.J.[l*&]
K.K.[lo]
n.ʣ
The characteristic sound uttered by cattle; a moo.
ţĽţĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lowed,low.ing,lows 
To utter the sound made by cattle; moo.
Уţ
?
From Middle English lowen [to moo] 
Դ йӢ lowen [] 
from Old English hl?n * see  kel- 2
Դ Ӣ hl?n *μ kel- 2
?
Low
Low
AHD:[l?] Sir David Alexander Cecil (1891-1963) 
D.J.[l*&]
K.K.[lo]
NONE޴ԣ
British political cartoonist who created the pompous Colonel Blimp.
壬άɽ(1891-1963) Ӣң˰ĲУ˱ط
?
Low
LowJuliette Magill Kinzie Gordon (1860-1927)
NONE޴ԣ
American founder of the Girl Scouts (1912).
壬ءȡǣ(1860-1927) ŮͯӾ1912꣩Ĵʼ
?
Low
LowSeth (1850-1916)
NONE޴ԣ
American educator, reformer, and public official. He served as mayor of Brooklyn (1882-1886) and New York City (1901-1903).
壬أ(1850-1916) ңĸҺԱι³г(1882-1886꣩ŦԼг(1901-1903꣩

= =
lower
lower 1
AHD:[lour, lour]  Ҳ lour [lour] 
D.J.[6la&*, la&*] Ҳ lour [la&*]
K.K.[6la&+, la&r] Ҳ lour [la&r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
low.ered Ҳ loured low.er.ing lour.ing low.ers lours  
To look angry, sullen, or threatening.See Synonyms at frown 
˻вμ frown
To appear dark or threatening, such as the sky.
ڳȥڳвԣ
n.ʣ
A threatening, sullen, or angry look.
в
A dark and ominous look:
֮ףް׵ӣ
the lower of thunderheads.
Ƶǰ
?
Middle English louren 
йӢ louren 
?
loweringly
adv.ʣ
?
lower
lower 2
AHD:[l?r] 
D.J.[6l*&*]
K.K.[6lo+]
adj.ݴʣ
 low1ıȽϼʽ  
Below another in rank, position, or authority.
ͼģλְλȨϱȱ˵͵
Physically situated below a similar or comparable thing:
͵ģ²ģλһƵĻɱȵĶ֮µģ
a lower shelf.
²
Lower Geology Archaeology Relating to or being an earlier or older division of the period named.
 Lower ѧ ѧ ڵģָʱڽϹϵһڵģйص
Biology Less advanced in organization or evolutionary development.
ѧ ͼģ֯չнϵͼ
Denoting the larger and usually more representative house of a bicameral legislature.
ԺģָԺдһģͨиԺ
v.ʣ
low.ered,low.er.ing,low.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To let, bring, or move down to a lower level.
£ýһˮƽƵͷλ
To reduce in value, degree, or quality.
ͣڼ̶ֵȻϼ
To weaken; undermine:

lower one's energy.
ĳ˵
To reduce in standing or respect.
ͣڼϻ𾴶Ͻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move down:
ͣ
Her hand lowered.
ַ
To become less; diminish:
٣С
The temperature has lowered gradually this month.
½

= =
loyal
loy.al
AHD:[loil] 
D.J.[6l%!*l]
K.K.[6l%!*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Steadfast in allegiance to one's homeland, government, or sovereign.
ĵģԼȨҳϵ
Faithful to a person, an ideal, a custom, a cause, or a duty.
ҳϵģһˡһ룬ϰߣҵʵ
Of, relating to, or marked by loyalty.See Synonyms at faithful 
ҳϵģ֮йصģĲμ faithful
?
French 
 
from Old French leial, loial 
Դ ŷ leial, loial 
from Latin l?3lis} [legal] 
Դ  l?3lis} [Ϸ] 
from l?x  l?g- [law] * see  leg- 
Դ l?x  l?g- [] *μ leg- 
?
loyally
adv.ʣ

= =
loyalty
loy.al.ty
AHD:[loil-t?] 
D.J.[6l%!*lti8]
K.K.[6l%!*lti]
n.ʣ
 loy.al.ties 
The state or quality of being loyal.See Synonyms at fidelity 
ҳϣʵҳϻʵ״̬ʲμ fidelity
loyalties Feelings of devoted attachment and affection:
 loyalties ꣺רĵϲĸ飺
My loyalties lie with my family.
ҵҵļͥ

= =
lubricate
lu.bri.cate
AHD:[l?br1-k3t] 
D.J.[6lu8br!7ke!t]
K.K.[6lubr!7ket]
v.ʣ
lu.bri.cat.ed,lu.bri.cat.ing,lu.bri.cates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To apply a lubricant to.
󻬼󻬼
To make slippery or smooth.
ʹ󻬣ʹ⻬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act as a lubricant.
󻬣õ
?
Latin l?3re}  l?bric3t- 
 l?3re}  l?bric3t- 
from l?s [slippery] * see  sleubh- 
Դ l?s [] *μ sleubh- 
?
lubrication
n.ʣ
lubricative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
luck
luck
AHD:[l?k] 
D.J.[lJk]
K.K.[lJk]
n.ʣ
The chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; fortune:
ˣ˻෴¼ɷ
as luck would have it.

Good fortune or prosperity; success:
ˣ˻٣ɹ
We wish you luck.
ף
One's personal fate or lot:
ˣ˵˻
It's just my luck.
ע
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lucked,luck.ing,lucks ʽ 
To gain success or something desirable by chance:
ҳɹżȻóɹõõĶ
lucked into a good apartment; lucked out in finding that rare book.
˵סùԢƾ˷Ǳ
?
in luck
Enjoying success; fortunate.
˵ģܳɹģ˵
out of luck
Lacking good fortune.

push (one's) luck
To risk one's good fortune, often by acting overconfidently.
ðȥԼĺðգͨΪ֮ٶ
try (one's) luck
To attempt something without knowing if one will be successful.
ڲ֪Ƿɹʱĳ
?
Middle English lucke 
йӢ lucke 
from Middle Dutch luc 
Դ йź luc 
short for gheluc 
 ghelucļд 

= =
lucky
luck.y
AHD:[l?k?] 
D.J.[6lJki8]
K.K.[6lJki]
adj.ݴʣ
luck.i.er,luck.i.est 
Having or attended by good luck.See Synonyms at happy 
ģĻ֧Ĳμ happy
Occurring by chance; fortuitous.
ҵģɷģ˵
Believed to bring good luck:
ܲ˵ģ
hoped to draw a lucky number.
ϣ鵽һ
?
luckiness
n.ʣ

= =
luggage
lug.gage
AHD:[l?g1j] 
D.J.[6lJg!d9]
K.K.[6lJg!d9]
n.ʣ
Containers for a traveler's belongings.
аװӻ
The cases and belongings of a traveler.
ߵＰ
?
Probably lug 2
Ϊ lug2
(bag)gage 
(bag)gage

= =
lumber
lumber 1
AHD:[l?mbr] 
D.J.[6lJmb*]
K.K.[6lJmb+]
n.ʣ
Timber sawed into boards, planks, or other structural members of standard or specified length.
ľģɱ׼Ļضȵľ塢ϵľ
Something useless or cumbersome.
صĻû;Ķ
Chiefly British Miscellaneous stored articles.
Ӣ Ҷ
v.ʣ
lum.bered,lum.ber.ing,lum.bers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut down (trees) and prepare as marketable timber.
¡ľģľ׼ɽ׵ľ
To cut down the timber of.
ľѡɿ
Chiefly British To clutter with or as if with unused articles.
Ӣ Ҷѻûû;Ҷѻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cut and prepare timber for marketing.
ľϣԭľľԱ
?
Perhaps from lumber 2
Դ lumber2
?
lumber
adj.ݴʣ
lumberer
n.ʣ
?
lumber
lumber 2
AHD:[l?mbr] 
D.J.[6lJmb*]
K.K.[6lJmb+]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lum.bered,lum.ber.ing,lum.bers 
To walk or move with heavy clumsiness.See Synonyms at blunder 
صƶμ blunder
To move with a rumbling noise.
¡¡ƶʱ¡¡
?
Middle English lomeren 
йӢ lomeren 
[possibly of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Swedish dialectal loma [to move heavily] 
[Դ˹ά]   ䷽ loma [صƶ] 
?
lumberingly
adv.ʣ

= =
luminous
lu.mi.nous
AHD:[l?m-ns] 
D.J.[6lu8m*n*s]
K.K.[6lum*n*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Emitting light, especially emitting self-generated light.
ģųģǷԼڲĹ
Full of light; illuminated.See Synonyms at bright 
ģģĲμ bright
Easily comprehended; clear:
׵ģױģģ
luminous prose.
ǳ׶ɢ
Enlightened and intelligent; inspiring:
ģĺʹϻ۵ģģ
luminous ideas.
˼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French lumineux 
Դ ŷ lumineux 
from Latin l??sus} 
Դ  l??sus} 
from l?n  l?min- [light] * see  leuk- 
Դ l?n  l?min- [] *μ leuk- 
?
luminously
adv.ʣ
luminousness
n.ʣ

= =
lump
lump 1
AHD:[l?mp] 
D.J.[lJmp]
K.K.[lJmp]
n.ʣ
An irregularly shaped mass or piece.
ţ״Ż
A small cube of sugar.
С
Pathology A swelling or small palpable mass.
ѧ ͣ׿СĿĿ
A collection or totality; an aggregate.
ۺϣѣϻ壻ۺ
A person regarded as ungainly or dull witted.
ޱˣΪǱ׾Ļǵ
lumps Informal 
 lumps ʽ 
Severe punishment or treatment, as a beating or an unsparing criticism:
ͷĳʹ򴦷簤
take one's lumps.
õͷ
One's just deserts; comeuppance:
ӦõĳͷĳӦõĳͷӦõĳͷ
get one's lumps.
ʳ
adj.ݴʣ
Formed into lumps:
״ģ
lump sugar.

Not broken or divided into parts:
ģûбֿɸֵģ
a lump payment.
ȫ֧
v.ʣ
lumped,lump.ing,lumps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put together in a single group without discrimination.
۳ţؾۼһȺ
To move with heavy clumsiness.
׾ƶ
To make into lumps.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lumpy.
ʹɿ״
To move heavily.
صƶ
?
lump in (one's) throat
A feeling of constriction in the throat caused by emotion.
ʣ鼤ɵĺס
?
Middle English lumpe 
йӢ lumpe 
[of Low German origin] ; akin to  obsolete Dutch lompe 
[Դڵ͵ص]   ѷϺ lompe 
?
lump
lump 2
AHD:[l?mp] 
D.J.[lJmp]
K.K.[lJmp]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
lumped,lump.ing,lumps ʽ 
To tolerate (what must be endured):
ܻϰڣܣ뱻̵ģ
like it or lump it.
ϲҲ
?
Perhaps from dialectal lump [to look sullen] 
Դ  lump [ȥ] 

= =
lunar
lu.nar
AHD:[l?nr] 
D.J.[6lu8n*]
K.K.[6lun+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, involving, caused by, or affecting the moon.
ģڣ漰Ӱģµ
Measured by the revolution of the moon.
תȵ
Of or relating to silver.
ģڻйص
?
Middle English [crescent-shaped] 
йӢ [ε] 
from Old French lunaire 
Դ ŷ lunaire 
from Latin l?3ris} [of the moon] 
Դ  l?3ris} [] 
from l?a [moon] * see  leuk- 
Դ l?a [] *μ leuk- 

= =
lunch
lunch
AHD:[l?nch] 
D.J.[lJnt.]
K.K.[lJnt.]
n.ʣ
A meal eaten at midday.
ͣԵķ
The food provided for a midday meal.
ʳƷʱṩʳƷ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a lunch date; a lunch box.
Լ᣻ͱ㵱
v.intr.ﶯʣ
lunched,lunch.ing,lunch.es 
To eat a midday meal.
ͣ
?
out to lunchٵ
Not in touch with the real world; crazy.
εģʵûϵģ
?
Short for luncheon 
 luncheonļд
?
luncher
n.ʣ

= =
lung
lung
AHD:[l?ng] 
D.J.[lJ0]
K.K.[lJ0]
n.ʣ
Either of two spongy, saclike respiratory organs in most vertebrates, occupying the chest cavity together with the heart and functioning to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and 
provide it with oxygen.
Σ׵״ģ״ĺ٣һռǻǴѪҺų̼ʹѪҺ
A similar organ in some invertebrates, including spiders and terrestrial snails.
٣ĳЩ޼׵֩½ţƵ
?
at the top of (one's) lungs
As loudly as possible.
ܵ
?
Middle English lunge 
йӢ lunge 
from Old English lungen [lungs] * see  leg wh- 
Դ Ӣ lungen [] *μ leg wh- 

= =
luxury
lux.u.ry
AHD:[l?gzh-r?, l?ksh-] 
D.J.[6lJg9*ri8, 6lJk.*-]
K.K.[6lJg9*ri, 6lJk.*-]
n.ʣ
 lux.u.ries 
Something inessential but conducive to pleasure and comfort.
ݳƷʹ졢ǱĶ
Something expensive or hard to obtain.
Ʒѵ֮
Sumptuous living or surroundings:
򻷾
lives in luxury.
ݻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a luxury condominium; luxury accommodations.
һ׺ĹԢ׼䣻ݻд豸
?
Middle English luxurie [lust] 
йӢ luxurie [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin luxuria [excess, luxury] 
Դ  luxuria [ȣݳ] 
from luxus 
Դ luxus 
?
luxury,extravagance,frill
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something desirable that is not a necessity: 
Щʹе˼ǡ˿õǱĶ 
a fur coat that is a real luxury;
һƵݳƷƤ£
antique porcelain, an extravagance we should have resisted;
ŶӦõƵݳƷ
caviar, smoked salmon, and other culinary frills. necessity 
ӽѬϸӹĲ necessity

= =
machine
ma.chine
AHD:[m-sh?n] 
D.J.[m*6.i8n]
K.K.[m*6.in]
n.Abbr. mach.ʣд mach.
A device consisting of fixed and moving parts that modifies mechanical energy and transmits it in a more useful form.
һɹ̶Ϳƶɵװã԰ѻеתΪΪõʽ
A simple device, such as a lever, a pulley, or an inclined plane, that alters the magnitude or direction, or both, of an applied force; a simple machine.
еװãһװãܸˡֻб٣ԸıĴСͬʱı䣻򵥻еװ
A system or device for doing work, as an automobile or a jackhammer, together with its power source and auxiliary equipment.
еϵͳϵͳװãֳʽһ䶯Դ͸豸
A system or device, such as a computer, that performs or assists in the performance of a human task:
ϵһϵͳװãԴ˻˹
The machine is down.

An intricate natural system or organism, such as the human body.
壺һָӵȻϵͳ֯
A person who acts in a rigid, mechanical, or unconscious manner.
еˣжеġʶ״̬
An organized group of people whose members are or appear to be under the control of one or more leaders:
ģ֯һ֯ĳԱڻһ쵼˵Ŀ£
a political machine.
κ
A device used to produce a stage effect, especially a mechanical means of lowering an actor onto the stage.
̨װãһ̨ЧװãָûеʽԱ̨֮
A literary device used to produce an effect, especially the introduction of a supernatural being to resolve a plot.
ѧЧΪЧѧֶΣָȻʹڵԽ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or felt to resemble a machine:
ģģڻоģ
machine repairs; machine politics.
άޣ
v.ʣ
ma.chined,ma.chin.ing,ma.chines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut, shape, or finish by machine.
Իûλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be cut, shaped, or finished by machine:
λɣ
This metal machines easily.

?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m3a 
Դ  m3a 
from Greek m??, makhana} * see  magh- 
Դ ϣ m??, makhana} *μ magh- 
?
machinable
adj.ݴʣ
machineless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
mad
mad
AHD:[m2d] 
D.J.[m#d]
K.K.[m#d]
adj.ݴʣ
mad.der,mad.dest 
Angry; resentful.See Synonyms at angry 
ģԹ޵Ĳμ angry
Suffering from a disorder of the mind; insane.
ҵģ
Temporarily or apparently deranged by violent sensations, emotions, or ideas:
ȼģǿҵĸол뷨ʱػԵطң
mad with jealousy.
ʼɵ÷
Lacking restraint or reason; foolish:
ģ޴ģȱԼǵģ޴ģ
I was mad to have hired her in the first place.
ȹɵ͸
Feeling or showing strong liking or enthusiasm:
ԡԵģеֳǿҵϲ飺
mad about sports.
ȵϲ
Marked by extreme excitement, confusion, or agitation; frantic:
ҵģҵģԼ˷ܡһ򼤶Ϊ־ģҵģ
a mad scramble for the bus.
ϹʱĿҼ
Boisterously gay; hilarious:
ֵģֵģ
had a mad time.

Affected by rabies; rabid.
Ȯģ쳣
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
mad.ded,mad.ding,mads 
To make or become mad; madden.
ʹ÷ʹ
?
like madʽ
Wildly; impetuously:
أѸأ
drove like mad.
Ƶؼݳ
To an intense degree or great extent:
ں̶ܴϻ޶ϣ
worked like mad; snowing like mad.
عѩ׷
mad as a hatter
Crazy; deranged.
ģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gem?e 
Դ Ӣ gem?e 
past participle of *gem?n [to madden] 
 *gem? [ʹ] 
from gem3d [insane] * see  mei- 1
Դ gem3d [] *μ mei- 1
?
maddish
adj.ݴʣ
?
MAD
MAD
AHD:[m2d] 
D.J.[m#d]
K.K.[m#d]
n.ʣ
 Mutual assured destruction. 
Mutual assured destruction.

= =
magazine
mag.a.zine
AHD:[m2g-z?n, m2g-z?n] 
D.J.[6m#g*7zi8n, 7m#g*6zi8n]
K.K.[6m#g*7zin, 7m#g*6zin]
n.ʣ
A periodical containing a collection of articles, stories, pictures, or other features.
־һרۡС˵ͼƬݵڿ
A place where goods are stored, especially a building in a fort or a storeroom on a warship where ammunition is kept.
ֿ⣺ػĵطָҪеĽ߾ϴžķ
The contents of a storehouse, especially a stock of ammunition.
棺Ķָľ
A compartment in some types of firearms, often a small detachable box, in which cartridges are held to be fed into the firing chamber.
УĳЩϵһͨһԲСУӵѹ뵯֮ǰͷ
A compartment in a camera in which rolls or cartridges of film are held for feeding through the exposure mechanism.
УϵһڽƬ֮ǰͷڴ
Any of various compartments attached to machines, used for storing or supplying necessary material.
ֿ⣺ڻĲŻṩҪĲ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to periodicals:
ڿĻڿйصģ
a magazine story.
һ־ϵĹ
?
French magasin [storehouse] 
 magasin [ֿ] 
from Old French magazin  possibly via Old Italian magazzino 
Դ ŷ magazin  Դ  magazzino 
from Arabic maC3zin} [pl. of] maCzan 
Դ  maC3zin}  [] maCzanĸ 
from Ca [to store] 
Դ Ca [] 

= =
magic
mag.ic
AHD:[m2j1k] 
D.J.[6m#d9!k]
K.K.[6m#d9!k]
n.ʣ
The art that purports to control or forecast natural events, effects, or forces by invoking the supernatural.
ͨﵽԿƻԤȻ¼Ŀֶ
The practice of using charms, spells, or rituals to attempt to produce supernatural effects or control events in nature.
ħʩħڽʽͼȻĽ߿Ȼе¼
The charms, spells, and rituals so used.
ʽõħڽʽ
The exercise of sleight of hand or conjuring for entertainment.
ħϷֵˣлϷ
A mysterious quality of enchantment:
ħһصջ
For me the names of those men breathed the magic of the past(Max Beerbohm)
˵Щ˵ִص(˼ȶķ)
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or invoking the supernatural:
ģġйصĻģ
stubborn unlaid ghost/That breaks his magic chains at curfew time(John Milton)
ֲߵ/ʱֽħ(Լ׶)
Possessing distinctive qualities that produce unaccountable or baffling effects.
ħģӵܲ޷ԤƻʹԻЧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mag.icked,mag.ick.ing,mag.ics 
To produce or make by or as if by magic.
ħɵ
?
Middle English magik 
йӢ magik 
from Old French magique 
Դ ŷ magique 
from Late Latin magica 
Դ  magica 
from Latin magic?} 
Դ  magic?} 
from Greek magik?} [from feminine of] magikos [Magian, magical] 
Դ ϣ magik?}  [] ԴmagikosԴ [ʦ] 
from magos [magician, magus] * see  magus 
Դ magos [ħʦѧ] *μ magus

= =
magnet
mag.net
AHD:[m2gn1t] 
D.J.[6m#gn!t]
K.K.[6m#gn!t]
n.Abbr. mag.ʣд mag.
An object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron or steel.
壺ڴųΧеһ壬Ļֵ
An electromagnet.

A person, a place, an object, or a situation that exerts attraction.
ˡط߳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French magnete 
Դ ŷ magnete 
from Latin magn?s  magn?t- 
Դ  magn?s  magn?t- 
from Greek Magn?) [Magnesian (stone), magnet] 
Դ ϣ Magn?) [ǵģʯͷʯ] 
from Magn?a [Magnesia, an ancient city of Asia Minor] 
Դ  [ǣСϸǵһų] 

= =
magnetic
mag.net.ic
AHD:[m2g-nt1k] 
D.J.[m#g6net!k]
K.K.[m#g6nWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to magnetism or magnets.
ŵģԵĻĻ֮йص
Having the properties of a magnet.
ߴԵ£дԵ
Capable of being magnetized or attracted by a magnet.
ܱģܱŻĻ߱
Operating by means of magnetism:
ѧԭתģ
a magnetic recorder.
¼
Relating to the magnetic poles of the earth:
شŵģ͵Ĵżйصģ
a magnetic compass bearing.
ɷֱż
Having an unusual power or ability to attract:
ģвѰģ
a magnetic personality.
ĸ
?
magnetically
adv.ʣ

= =
magnificent
mag.nif.i.cent
AHD:[m2g-n1f1-snt] 
D.J.[m#g6n!f!s*nt]
K.K.[m#g6n!f!s*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Splendid in appearance; grand:
ģΰģ
a magnificent palace.
ΰĹ
Grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted.
ߵģ˼Ϊϸ߹ߵģߵ
Outstanding of its kind; superlative:
ͬͻģõģ
a magnificent place for sailing.See Synonyms at grand 
õصμ grand
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from magnificence [splendor] 
Դ magnificence [׳] 
from Latin magnificentia 
Դ  magnificentia 
from magnificus [magnificent] * see  magnific 
Դ magnificus [׳] *μ magnific
?
magnificently
adv.ʣ

= =
magnify
mag.ni.fy
AHD:[m2gn-fo] 
D.J.[6m#gn*7fa!]
K.K.[6m#gn*7fa!]
v.ʣ
mag.ni.fied,mag.ni.fy.ing,mag.ni.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make greater in size; enlarge.
ʹڳߴϱ󣻷Ŵ
To cause to appear greater or seem more important than is in fact the case; exaggerate:
ʹʵΰҪţ
You have grossly magnified a trivial situation.See Synonyms at exaggerate 
ֵؿһëƤС²μ exaggerate
To increase the apparent size of, especially by means of a lens.
ϵĳߴ磬ر͸
To glorify or praise.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To increase or have the power to increase the size or volume of an image or a sound.
ŴзŴͼߴĹ
?
Middle English magnifien [to extol] 
йӢ magnifien [] 
from Old French magnifier 
Դ ŷ magnifier 
from Latin magnific3e 
Դ  magnific3e 
from magnificus [magnificent] * see  magnific 
Դ magnificus [׳] *μ magnific

= =
magnitude
mag.ni.tude
AHD:[m2gn1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6m#gn!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6m#gn!7tud, -7tjud]
n.Abbr. mag.ʣд mag.
Greatness of rank or position:
ߣְߵλҪ
such duties as were expected of a landowner of his magnitude(Anthony Powell)
ӦɵλߵĵΡ(ᡤ)
Greatness in size or extent:
޴󣺳ߴ̶ϵĴ
The magnitude of the flood was impossible to comprehend.
ⳡˮֵΣ޷˽
Greatness in significance or influence:
شӰϵش
was shocked by the magnitude of the crisis.
ⳡΣس̶
Astronomy The degree of brightness of a celestial body designated on a numerical scale, on which the brightest star has magnitude -1.4 and the faintest visible star has magnitude 6, 
with the scale rule such that a decrease of one unit represents an increase in apparent brightness by a factor of 2.512.Also called  apparent magnitude 
ѧ ǵȣֻ߶ȱʾһȣǵǵΪ-1.4谵ǵΪ6ֶĹ£ǵȼСһλʾǿ2.512Ҳ
  apparent magnitude
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A number assigned to a quantity so that it may be compared with other quantities.
ֵʾٵһ֣ԱȽ
A property that can be quantitatively described, such as the volume of a sphere or the length of a vector.
ֵʽԣĳ
Geology A measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, as indicated on the Richter Scale.
ѧ 𼶣ͷųСĵλ簴ϱ׼ʾļ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [size] 
Դ ŷ [ߴ] 
from Latin magnit??} [greatness, size] 
Դ  magnit??} [󣻴С] 
from magnus [great] * see  meg- 
Դ magnus [] *μ meg- 

= =
maid
maid
AHD:[m3d] 
D.J.[me!d]
K.K.[med]
n.ʣ
An unmarried girl or woman.
δŮ
A virgin.
Ů
A woman servant.
Ů
?
Middle English maide 
йӢ maide 
from Old English m?gden * see  maghu- 
Դ Ӣ m?gden *μ maghu- 

= =
mail
mail 1
AHD:[m3l] 
D.J.[me!l]
K.K.[mel]
n.ʣ
Materials, such as letters and packages, handled in a postal system.
ʼϵͳеõĶżʰ
Postal material for a specific person or organization.
żĸض˻֯ʼ
Material processed for distribution from a post office at a specified time:
ʵݣһضʱһʾִַ͵ʼ
the morning mail.
糿ʼ
Often mails A system by which letters, packages, and other postal materials are transported. Used withthe.  
  mails ϵͳżʰʼϵͳ붨ڴtheá  
A vehicle by which mail is transported.
ʳʼĳ
v.ʣ
mailed,mail.ing,mails 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send by mail.
ʼġ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send letters and other postal material by mail.
Ͷʣʼĵķʽżʼ
?
Middle English male [bag] 
йӢ male [ڴ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
mailable
adj.ݴʣ
mailability
n.ʣ
?
mail
mail 2
AHD:[m3l] 
D.J.[me!l]
K.K.[mel]
n.ʣ
Flexible armor composed of small overlapping metal rings, loops of chain, or scales.
ף໥ӵС״ӻƬɵĿĿ
The protective covering of certain animals, as the shell of a turtle.
׿ǣĳЩбõĸڹĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mailed,mail.ing,mails 
To cover or armor with mail.
׸ǻװ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French maile 
Դ ŷ maile 
from Latin macula [blemish, mesh] 
Դ  macula [覴ã״] 
?
mail
mail 3
AHD:[m3l] 
D.J.[me!l]
K.K.[mel]
n.Scots ʣո 
Rent, payment, or tribute.
𡢱򹱽
?
Middle English mol, maile 
йӢ mol, maile 
from Old Norse m3l [lawsuit] 
Դ ˹ά m3l [] 

= =
main
main
AHD:[m3n] 
D.J.[me!n]
K.K.[men]
adj.ݴʣ
Most important; principal.See Synonyms at chief 
ҪģҪĲμ chief
Exerted to the utmost; sheer:
ӵ̶ȵģԵģ
by main strength.
ȫ
Nautical Connected to or located near the mainmast:
 ΦйصĻΦģ
a main skysail.
Φ췫
Grammar Of, relating to, or being the principal clause or verb of a complex sentence.
﷨ ġ֮йصĻ䱾򸴺ϾеĶ
Obsolete Of or relating to a continuous area or stretch, as of land or water.
 ಻ϵˮصռĻ֮йص
n.ʣ
The chief or largest part:
ҪĻĲ֣
His ideas are, in the main, impractical.
˵뷨ǲʵʵ
The principal pipe or conduit in a system for conveying water, gas, oil, or other utility.
ҪܵˮȻʯϵͳеҪܵҵ豸
Physical strength:

fought with might and main.
߾ȫս
A mainland.
½
The open ocean.

Nautical 
 
A mainsail.

A mainmast.
Φ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m?gen [strength] * see  magh- 
Դ Ӣ m?gen [] *μ magh- 
?
Main
Main
AHD:[m3n, mon] 
D.J.[me!n, ma!n]
K.K.[men, ma!n]
NONE޴ԣ
A river rising in eastern Germany and flowing about 499 km (310 mi) generally westward to the Rhine River at Mainz.
ӣԴڵ¹һԼ499(310Ӣע

= =
mainland
main.land
AHD:[m3nl2nd, -lnd] 
D.J.[6me!n7l#nd, -l*nd]
K.K.[6men7l#nd, -l*nd]
n.ʣ
The principal landmass of a continent.
½޵Ҫ½ذ
?
mainlander
n.ʣ

= =
mainly
main.ly
AHD:[m3nl?] 
D.J.[6me!nli8]
K.K.[6menli]
adv.ʣ
For the most part; chiefly.
󲿷ֵأҪ

= =
maintain
main.tain
AHD:[m3n-t3n] 
D.J.[me!n6te!n]
K.K.[men6ten]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
main.tained,main.tain.ing,main.tains 
To keep up or carry on; continue:
άֻ򱣳֣
maintain good relations.
άõĹϵ
To keep in an existing state; preserve or retain:
ִڵ״ֻ̬򱣳֣
maintain one's composure.
侲
To keep in a condition of good repair or efficiency:
ʹõɺЧ״̬У
maintain two cars.
С
To provide for; support:
֧֣
maintain a family.
ͥ
To keep in existence; sustain:
ʹڣ֧ţ
enough food to maintain life.
㹻άʳ
To defend or hold against criticism or attack:

maintained his stand on taxes.
ά˰ϵ
To declare to be true; affirm:
ԣţ
maintained her innocence.
޹
?
Middle English maintainen 
йӢ maintainen 
from Old French maintenir 
Դ ŷ maintenir 
from Medieval Latin manuten?e 
Դ  manuten?e 
from Latin man??re} [to hold in the hand] 
Դ  man??re} [] 
man?} [ablative of] manus [hand] * see  man- 2
man?}  [] manusĶ [] *μ man- 2
ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
ten?e [] *μ ten- 
?
maintainability
n.ʣ
maintainable
adj.ݴʣ
maintainer
n.ʣ

= =
maintenance
main.te.nance
AHD:[m3nt-nns] 
D.J.[6me!nt*n*ns]
K.K.[6ment*n*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of maintaining or the state of being maintained:
֣άֵĶ߱άֵ״̬
the maintenance of family traditions.
崫ͳı
The work of keeping something in proper condition; upkeep.
ʹĳﴦĹ״̬ά
Provision of support or livelihood.
ƣάֻııƷ
Means of support or livelihood:
άֻıĲƸ
an income that barely provided maintenance.See Synonyms at livelihood 
벻άμ livelihood
Law The unlawful meddling in a suit by providing either party with the means to carry it on.
ɡ һǷĸ棺ͨһϵķʽǷһ
?
Middle English maintenaunce 
йӢ maintenaunce 
from Old French maintenance 
Դ ŷ maintenance 
from maintenir [to maintain] * see  maintain 
Դ maintenir [ά] *μ maintain

= =
majesty
maj.es.ty
AHD:[m2j1-st?] 
D.J.[6m#d9!sti8]
K.K.[6m#d9!sti]
n.ʣ
 maj.es.ties 
The greatness and dignity of a sovereign.
ΰ
The sovereignty and power of God.
ϵ۵Ȩ
Supreme authority or power:
Ȩ
the majesty of the law.
ɵȨ
A royal personage.
Ա
Majesty Abbr. M.Used withHis, Her,  or Your  as a title and form of address for a sovereign. 
 Majesty д M.His,Her  Your ΪԾ 
Royal dignity of bearing or aspect; grandeur.
ò̬Ļʼϣ߹
Stately splendor; magnificence, as of style or character:
ԸׯԺյģׯϵģ
the Parthenon in all its majesty.
ƺΰ̨ũ
?
Middle English mageste, maieste 
йӢ mageste, maieste 
from Old French majeste 
Դ ŷ majeste 
from Latin m33s} * see  meg- 
Դ  m33s} *μ meg- 

= =
major
ma.jor
AHD:[m3jr] 
D.J.[6me!d9*]
K.K.[6med9+]
adj.ݴʣ
Greater than others in importance or rank:
ҪģҪģҪԻλ泬˵ģ
a major artist.
Ҫ
Great in scope or effect:
׿ԽģģڷΧЧشģ
a major improvement.
׿ԽĽ
Great in number, size, or extent:
ģģĿߴ̶Ϻܴģ
the major portion of the population.
󲿷ֵ˿
Requiring great attention or concern; very serious:
صģҪܴĹĺעģǳصģ
a major illness.
ز
Law Having attained full legal age.
ɡ ģﵽ
Of or relating to the field of academic study in which a student specializes.
޵ģרģһѧרоѧйص
Music 
֡ 
Designating a scale or mode having half steps between the third and fourth and the seventh and eighth degrees.
׵ģʾڵ͵Լߺ͵ڰ˶֮аĵ׻ʽ
Equivalent to the distance between the tonic note and the second or third or sixth or seventh degrees of a major scale or mode:
ģ൱ĵڶ͵߶֮ľģ
a major interval.

Based on a major scale:
ڴ֮ϵģ
major key.

n.ʣ
Abbr. Maj.
д Maj.
A comissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above captain and below lieutenant colonel.
Уٽף½վ򺣾ξ֮϶У֮µľ
A similar rank in another military or paramilitary organization.
ͬУٽߣ»׼֯еͬ
One who holds this rank.
Уӵε
One that is superior in rank, importance, or ability:
ߣڵλҪԺܸߵ˻
an oil-producing country considered as one of the majors.
͹ΪϵҪ֮һ
Law One who has reached full legal age.
ɡ ˣﵽ
A field of study chosen as an academic specialty.
רҵ޿Σѡѧרҵһо
A student specializing in such studies:
ררҵѧ
a linguistics major.
רѧѧ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
A major premise.
ǰ
A major term.
Ŀ
Music A major scale, key, interval, or mode.
֡ ס̻ʽ
majors Sports The major leagues.
 majors ˶ ְ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
ma.jored,ma.jor.ing,ma.jors 
To pursue academic studies in a major:
ޣһרҵѧо
majoring in mathematics.
ѧ
?
Middle English majour 
йӢ majour 
from Latin m3r * see  meg- 
Դ  m3r *μ meg- 
?
Major
Ma.jor
AHD:[m3jr] John Roy (Born 1943) 
D.J.[6me!d/*]
K.K.[6med/+]
NONE޴ԣ
British banker and conservative politician who served as prime minister from 1990 to 1997. During his administration he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and 
negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.
÷ܣԼףӢм뱣μң19901997ࡣִڼ䣬ᳫ˽лͨ͵ԤɣԼڱĺƽ̸

= =
majority
ma.jor.i.ty
AHD:[m-j?r1-t?, -j?r-] 
D.J.[m*6d9%8r!ti8, -6d9Kr-]
K.K.[m*6d9%r!ti, -6d9$r-]
n.ʣ
 ma.jor.i.ties 
The greater number or part; a number more than half of the total.
ȫһ
The amount by which the greater number of votes cast, as in an election, exceeds the total number of remaining votes.
ƱռѡƱľѡгƱ͵Ʊ
The political party, group, or faction having the most power by virtue of its larger representation or electoral strength.
ƾĴѡȨμŻɱ
The status of having reached full legal age, with attendant rights and responsibilities.
꣺Ѿ﷨䲢ӦȨһ״̬
The military rank, commission, or office of a major.
УУľΡְְλ
Obsolete The fact or state of being greater; superiority.
 ռƣʵ״̬Խ
?
French majorit 
 majorit 
from Medieval Latin m3?rit3s} 
Դ  m3?rit3s} 
from Latin m3r [greater] * see  meg- 
Դ  m3r [] *μ meg- 
?
Whenmajority  refers to a particular number of votes, it takes a singular verb: 
majority ָضѡƱĿʱ 䶯õ 
Her majority was five votes.
ƱƱ
His majority has been growing by 5 percent every year. 
Ʊÿ5%ٶ 
When it refers to a group of persons or things that are in the majority,it may take either a singular or plural verb,depending on whether the group is considered as a whole or as a set of 
people considered individually.So we sayThe majority elects  (not elect ) the candidate it wants  (not they want ), since the election is accomplished by the group as a whole;butThe 
majority of the voters live  (not lives ) in the city,  since living in the city is something that each voter does individually. Majority is often preceded by great  (but not by greater ) in 
expressing emphatically the sense of most of: 
ָڶλһ˻ʱ䶯ʼȿõҲøȡڰ嵱һǵ˵ϡ˵ѡ  
elect ) Ҫĺѡ  they want ) ΪѡһΪȺɵģǴͶƱס  lives )   ΪסڳÿͶƱΪ
顣Majority ǰһ great ǲ greater ) ǿָĺ壺 
The great majority approved. 
ͬˡ 
The phrasegreater majority  is appropriate only when considering two majorities:  
greater majority ֻȽʱã  
He won by a greater majority in this election than in the last. 
һӮøѡƱ 

= =
male
male
AHD:[m3l] 
D.J.[me!l]
K.K.[mel]
adj.Abbr. m.,M.ݴʣд m.,M.
Of, relating to, or designating the sex that has organs to produce spermatozoa for fertilizing ova.
۵ģģڡǻĳԱйصģԱܲʹܾľӵ
Characteristic of or appropriate to this sex; masculine.
ԵģԱ֮صĻʺԱ
Consisting of members of this sex.
ɵģԱĳԱɵ
Virile; manly.
ŵģ۾
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Relating to or designating organs, such as anthers or antheridia, that produce gametes capable of fertilizing those produced by female organs.
Եģǻĳ֯йصģ֯Բʹܾ֯ӣ绨ҩֲﾫ
Bearing stamens but not pistils; staminate:
ֻģֻȺûдȺģֻģ
male flowers.
ֻĻ
Designating an object, such as an electric plug, configured for insertion into a fitted bore or socket.
ģһ״ʹܲʵĿ׻еģ
n.ʣ
A member of the sex that begets young by fertilizing ova.
ԣʹܾһԱеһ
A man or boy.
ӣ˻к
Botany A plant having only staminate flowers.
ֲѧ ֲֻԻֲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m3s [diminutive of] m3s [male] 
Դ  m3s  [] m3sС׺ [Ե] 
?
maleness
n.ʣ
?
male,masculine,manlike,manly,manful,virile,mannish
These adjectives mean of, relating to, characteristic of, or appropriate to men.
Щݴ˼˵ġйصġصġʺ˵ġ
 Male,   likefemale,  categorizes by sex; the term is not limited in application to human beings: 
 Male  female һָԱķࣻ ʲָԱ 
a male infant;
Ӥ
a male dachshund.
˹Թ
Masculine  as the opposite offeminine  often refers to what is considered characteristic of men: 
Masculine  Ϊfeminine ķʣ ָЩΪ˵صģ 
a masculine appearance;

masculine attire.
ζš
Manlike   usually suggests qualities belonging or held by some to be proper to a man ( 
Manlike  ָһЩ˾лֳʺ˵ص( 
manlike physical strength); often, however, it merely indicates resemblance to a human being ( 
˵) ָ( 
manlike apes). 
Գ) 
 Manly   connotes qualities regarded as becoming to a man: 
 Manly  ָΪ˵ԣ 
manly power in combat.
սԵ
Manful  suggests bravery and resoluteness: 
Manful  ָ¸Һ;ģ 
We made a manful effort to redress the grievance.
¸ҶǿŬʹࡣ
Virile  stresses the spirit, strength, vigor, power, or sexual potency of an adult male: 
Virile  ǿһеľȨ 
The virile figure of Theodore Roosevelt swung down the national highway (Edward Bok).
¶ࡤ˹յڹҵķչʷصһʡ »ˣ
 Mannish  usually applies to women or their traits, clothing, or actions when they are suggestive of what is deemed by some to be more proper to a man than to a woman: 
 Mannish  ָŮ˻ǵԸװΪеıһЩΪ˵ص㣺 
a mannish cut to the suit;
ʽüʽ
a mannish gait. 
Ĳ̬ 
?
Male
Ma.le
AHD:[m?l?] 
D.J.[6m$8li8]
K.K.[6m$li]
NONE޴ԣ
The capital of the Maldives, onMale,  the chief atoll of the island country. Population, 46,334. 
ۣ׶λ ϡ˿46,334 

= =
mall
mall 1
AHD:[m?l, m2l] 
D.J.[m%8l, m#l]
K.K.[m%l, m#l]
n.ʣ
A large, often enclosed shopping complex containing various stores, businesses, and restaurants usually accessible by common passageways.
ҵ壺һִ͵ģǷյĸҵ̵ꡢҵҵԼ͹ݣͨвеԹ
A street lined with shops and closed to vehicles.
ҵ֣һ̵겢ֹڵĽֵ
A shady public walk or promenade.
·Ĺòеɢ
Upstate New York See  median strip See Regional Note at neutral ground 
ŦԼݱ μ  median stripμ neutral ground
?
After The Mall  in London, England, originally a pall-mall alley 
Դ Ħɢ λӢ׶أһȦ򳡵 
?
mall
mall 2
AHD:[m?l] 
D.J.[m%8l]
K.K.[m%l]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of maul 
 maulı

= =
man
man
AHD:[m2n] 
D.J.[m#n]
K.K.[m#n]
n.ʣ
 men[mn]  
An adult male human being.

A human being regardless of sex or age; a person.
࣬ˣԱˣ
A human being or an adult male human being belonging to a specific occupation, group, nationality, or other category. Often used in combination:
ضˣĳһضְҵš˻ӡͨڸϴʵУ
a milkman; a congressman; a freeman.
ţ̹Ա
The human race; mankind:
壻ȫࣺ
man's quest for peace.
ԺƽĿ
Zoology A member of the genusHomo,  family Hominidae, order Primates, class Mammalia, characterized by erect posture and an opposable thumb, especially a member of the only 
extant species, Homo sapiens,  distinguished by a highly developed brain, the capacity for abstract reasoning, and the ability to communicate by means of organized speech and 
record information in a variety of symbolic systems. 
ѧ ֣٣鳤Ŀ˿ ĳԱصֱ;пԵĴָָ  ֵĳԱصΪ߶ȷĴԡ˼άԼ
ͨ֯Ժһϵϵ¼Ϣн 
A male human being endowed with qualities, such as strength, considered characteristic of manhood.
ӺһΪӣ
Theology In Christianity and Judaism, a being composed of a body and a soul or spirit.
ѧ ĺһĸ壺̻̫ϵ
Informal 
ʽ 
A husband.
ɷ
A lover or sweetheart.
ˣ
men 
 men 
Workers.
ˣ͹
Enlisted personnel of the armed forces:
ʿʿ䣺еʽԱ
officers and men.
ʿ
A male representative, as of a country or company:
ʹڣԴˣĳĳ˾ģ
our man in Tokyo.
ڶĴ
A male servant or subordinate.
ͣ
Informal Used as a familiar form of address for a man:
ʽ һڳƺĳ˵һгνʽ
See here, my good man!
װ
One who swore allegiance to a lord in the Middle Ages; a vassal.
⳼ҳʱЧĳ˵ˣҳ
Games Any of the pieces used in a board game, such as chess or checkers.
Ϸ ӣϷУڹʹõκһ
Nautical A ship. Often used in combination:
 ͨڸϴУ
a merchantman; a man-of-war.
̴ս
Often Man Slang A person or group felt to be in a position of power or authority. Used withthe : 
  Man ٵ ͷͷϰ壺ΪǴȨȨ˻šthe ã 
Their writing mainly concerns the street lifethe pimp, the junky, the forces of drug addiction, exploitation at the hands of the man(Black World)
ǵƷҪĵǽͷ𱡢̶ߡƷķģЩİ(ɫ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
manned,man.ning,mans 
To supply with men, as for defense or service:
䱸ԱṩԱ
man a ship.
䴬ϵĴԱ
To take stations at, as to defend or operate:
Σλϣ
manned the guns.
̨
To fortify or brace:
񣺹
manned himself for the battle ahead.
ʹԼӦǰս
interj.̾ʣ
Used as an expletive to indicate intense feeling:
ѽʾǿҸĸ̾ʣ
Man! That was close.
٣Ƕ̫
?
as one man
In complete agreement; unanimously.
һµأȫͬأһµ
With no exception:
أ
They objected as one man.
Ǻض
one's own man
Independent in judgment and action.
ģжϺΪ϶
to a man
Without exception:
һµأأ
All were lost, to a man.
ȫɥʧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English mann * see  man- 1
Դ Ӣ mann *μ man- 1
?
Traditionally,man  and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman,  
which meant a human being regardless of sex;the wordswer  and wyf  (or wpman  and wifman ) were used to refer to a male human being and a female human being 
respectively. But in Middle Englishman  displaced wer  as the term for a male human being,whilewyfman  (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for a female 
human being. The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the 
precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman  or its derivatives.  Man  sometimes appears to have the sense of person or 
people when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps  and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom,  and in phrases likethe 
common man and  the man in the street.  Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this 
reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman  is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate 
to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time,  since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes 
that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson  and people  can be substituted for man  and men,  often with a gain in clarity. 
 By contrast,man  functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to 
man  or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man.  But this use ofman  is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch 
ashumanity  or humankind  will convey the generic sense of this use of man.   On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman,  the women members significantly less 
than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it  was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel  (including 58 
percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman.  The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure 
visible from space  was acceptable to 86 percent  (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentenceThe history of language is the history of mankind 
(James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were 
acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts 
the wordmanpower  in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that 
extra source of manpower.   A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman  in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, 
layman,  and freshman,  as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike  and showmanship.  Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained 
acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general 
use ofchairman  was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty 
Senate.  But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a 
statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited,  where it is applied to a woman.  Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of 
compounds formed withman.  Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman  are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined 
withperson,  such asbusinessperson, spokesperson,  and chairperson.  For occupational titles ending inman,  new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. 
Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer  are now generally used in place of fireman  and policeman.   A 
majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman  when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the 
registration desk  was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 
ͳϣman Լһָκ˻࣬ ԱڹӢУman Ҫ˼ ˡ Ա𣻵wer  wyf  woepman  
wifman )ֱָˡ͡Ůˡ йӢʱman ȡ wer ʣ ҲСˡˣwyfman ַչݱ˽ woman ֣ΪŮ
ˡ˼ Щ仯ĽǣΪԱȳСΪˣӦ޶ǲֵĴ÷׼ȷȡ
Լman ľ;֡ man ֱһʱʱƺСһˡǡ˼ ڱڵǸ˾Ϥ˽  ܾ
ǶŽ⿪ԭӵ  Լ¶ͨ  ϵ  һԴڼӵһǱڵĹ˾˽Ļ֮ǣһŮ
ҲǱڵĹ˾Ϥ˽ġԭʹman һ֮ʱνŸԱĸı仯ǲܵġ ԣ˵Ψһκʱ˼Ķ ǲ
ʵģ Ϊ仰ָ֮˵˼÷Ǽٶ˿ΪĴǣperson  people  man  men ȡҺ˼
 ෴man Եڴʳָʱָһࡢһ ֻ˲  Ĳ˵ С man ʽ֣
˼Ҳģ壬 ΪָֻеԳԱڴУhumanity  humankind Ҳ man ÷һ塣 ܵ˵÷רʹ
СԱнman һ÷ŮԱٵöࡣ 仰˵ŴϢ֮ĻôִϢ֮Ű С81ĳԱɽ  
ŮԳԱеĽΪ58Ϊ92)רСỹΪһman ɵĸϴʡ ̫еΨһɼ 仰86ĳԱ ŮԳԱĽ
Ϊ76Ϊ91)ʷһʷ ղķʿ˹ءŵΡ棩仰ĽΪ76ŮԳԱ63ܣΪ
82) ʹҪָŮˣָϴȻܡСе66ŮίԱ57Ե71)manpower ¾÷ ЩŮ
ĹҺЩŮ˼ĹȣڴʣͶһԴھ  man ʹһϵˣ ڹְ
ҵɫƣˡϯˡ    ԼƵĹʷУΥ˶  ڱݵĲ  ЩǴ÷Ȼ
ǳָĳֽɫײʱЩܵõ÷רʹС˵ĽܣָŮʱЩʾͱܾˡھϯְίԱָ  ϯ 
һ÷͵õ67СԱĽܣŮԳԱΪ52Ϊ76) ǣھӰŷģгСϯһг֤
Ĺ۵ ֵ÷ָŮԣֻ48ĳԱܣŮԳԱеĽΪ43Ϊ50) 滻man ɵ𸴺ϴʣֹ˼˳ 
֮ԵĸϴŮˡŮ  Ůϯ ԽԽرָŮԡ ⣬person ɵԴҲ˳ ˡ  ϯ  man βְҵƣ 
͹ѽµĹٷñ׼ڹٷģһfirefighter  police officer  fireman  policeman  СԱԽman 
ָЩŮԴµĻ ӵǼǴ䱸Ůѡ˵ĳԱ ÷רʹСеķ56ŮԳԱеķ61Ϊ54) μ -ess,people
?

= =
manage
man.age
AHD:[m2n1j] 
D.J.[6m#n!d9]
K.K.[6m#n!d9]
v.ʣ
man.aged,man.ag.ing,man.ag.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct or control the use of; handle:
ݣָơʹã
manage a complex machine tool.
 ƸӵĻþ
To exert control over:
ƣã
Managing the news . . . is the oldest game in town(James Reston)A major crisis to be managed loomed on the horizon(Time)
ǳϵֶΡ(ղķ˹˹)ƵΣüޡ(ʱ)
To make submissive to one's authority, discipline, or persuasion.
Ԧʹĳ˵ȨɻȰ
To direct the affairs or interests of:
Ӫƹ棺
manage a company; an agency that manages performers.See Synonyms at conduct 
˾ҵľ͹˾μ conduct
To succeed in accomplishing or achieving, especially with difficulty; contrive or arrange:
跨ŬɣմﵽĿĻģָѵ跨ţ
managed to get a promotion.
跨õ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct or conduct business affairs.
ƹܻ
To continue to get along; carry on:
Ӧά֣άֽУ
learning how to manage on my own.
ѧϰ
?
Italian maneggiare 
 maneggiare 
from Vulgar Latin *manidi3e 
Դ  *manidi3e 
from Latin manus [hand] * see  man- 2
Դ  manus [] *μ man- 2

= =
management
man.age.ment
AHD:[m2n1j-mnt] 
D.J.[6m#n!d9m*nt]
K.K.[6m#n!d9m*nt]
n.Abbr. mgt.,mgmt.ʣд mgt.,mgmt.
The act, manner, or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control:
ලƵΪʽʵ
management of a crisis; management of factory workers.
ΣĴԹ˵Ĺ
The person or persons who control or direct a business or other enterprise.
ԱƻĳҵҵԱ
Skill in managing; executive ability.
Ӫܣɣµ

= =
manager
man.ag.er
AHD:[m2n1-jr] 
D.J.[6m#n!d9*]
K.K.[6m#n!d9+]
n.Abbr. mgr.,mngr.ʣд mgr.,mngr.
One who handles, controls, or directs, especially:
Ӫˣƻˣָ
One who directs a business or other enterprise.
ĳ̺Żҵ
One who controls resources and expenditures, as of a household.
ˣԴ;ѵˣһͥ
One who is in charge of the business affairs of an entertainer.
ˣԱԱҵ
Sports 
˶ 
One who is in charge of the training and performance of an athlete or a team.
Ӿĳ˶Աĳ֧ѵͱԱ
A student who is in charge of the equipment and records of a school or college team.
ԱĳѧУѧԺӵĺͼ¼ѧ
?
managership
n.ʣ

= =
manifest
man.i.fest
AHD:[m2n-fst] 
D.J.[6m#n*7fest]
K.K.[6m#n*7fWst]
adj.ݴʣ
Clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious.See Synonyms at apparent 
ԵģԶ׼Ļģ˵Ĳμ apparent
v.tr.ﶯʣ
man.i.fest.ed,man.i.fest.ing,man.i.fests 
To show or demonstrate plainly; reveal:
ʾʾʾ
Mercedes . . . manifested the chaotic abandonment of hysteria(Jack London)
÷˹ֳЪ˹Ա(ܿˡ׶)
To be evidence of; prove.
֤ʵṩ֤ݣ֤
To record in a ship's manifest.
ѡڴϣڲյϼ¼
To display or present a manifest of (cargo).
ʾչʾʾ嵥
n.ʣ
A list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane.
յйĳĳɻػÿ͵嵥
An invoice of goods carried on a truck or train.
йؿػ嵥
A list of railroad cars according to owner and location.
г˳򵥣йгԻ͵صΪ˳ŵ嵥
?
Middle English manifeste 
йӢ manifeste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin manufestus, manifestus [caught in the act, blatant, obvious] * see  g whedh- 
Դ  manufestus, manifestus [˵ģԵģȻ] *μ g whedh- 
?
manifestly
adv.ʣ

= =
manipulate
ma.nip.u.late
AHD:[m-n1py-l3t] 
D.J.[m*6n!pj*7le!t]
K.K.[m*6n!pj*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ma.nip.u.lat.ed,ma.nip.u.lat.ing,ma.nip.u.lates 
To operate or control by skilled use of the hands; handle:
ֵͨļݻƣ
She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she wanted.
زŵƹ⣬ԴﵽҪЧ
To influence or manage shrewdly or deviously:
ؿƣػƭԵӰƣ
He manipulated public opinion in his favor.
ʹ۵
To tamper with or falsify for personal gain:
ݣΪﵽĿĶеĲթ
tried to manipulate stock prices.
ͼݹƱ۸
Medicine To handle and move in an examination or for therapeutic purposes:
ҽѧ ãнƶ
manipulate a joint; manipulate the position of a fetus during delivery.
ùؽڣڷе̥λ
?
Back-formation from manipulation 
Դ manipulation湹
?
manipulability
n.ʣ
manipulatable
adj.ݴʣ
manipulative
adj.ݴʣ
manipulatively
adv.ʣ
manipulativeness
n.ʣ
manipulator
n.ʣ
manipulatory
AHD:[-l-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
?
manipulate,exploit,maneuver
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to influence, manage, use, or control to one's advantage by artful or indirect means: 
Щһͬ˼ͨĻӵķʽӰ졢ûĳ˵ơ 
manipulates people into helping him;
ȥ
exploiting her friends;
ѣ
maneuvering to gain an edge over their corporate competitors. See also Synonyms at  handle 
߻ʹܱǹͬĶһ μͬ handle

= =
mankind
man.kind
AHD:[m2nkond] 
D.J.[6m#n7ka!nd]
K.K.[6m#n7ka!nd]
n.ʣ
The human race; humankind.
֣
Men as opposed to women.
ˣŮ˶Գ

= =
manly
man.ly
AHD:[m2nl?] 
D.J.[6m#nli8]
K.K.[6m#nli]
adj.ݴʣ
man.li.er,man.li.est 
Having qualities traditionally attributed to a man.
дͳΪ߱Ʒʵ
Belonging to or befitting a man; masculine.See Synonyms at male 
ڻʺ˵ģǿ׳Ĳμ male
adv.ʣ
In a manly manner.
˵ķʽ
?
manliness
n.ʣ

= =
manner
man.ner
AHD:[m2nr] 
D.J.[6m#n*]
K.K.[6m#n+]
n.ʣ
A way of doing something or the way in which a thing is done or happens.See Synonyms at method 
ʽĳµķʽĳ±ķʽμ method
A way of acting; bearing or behavior.See Synonyms at bearing 
ֹΪķʽֹΪμ bearing
manners 
 manners 
The socially correct way of acting; etiquette.
ǣ罻ȷΪֹ
The prevailing customs, social conduct, and norms of a specific society, period, or group, especially as the subject of a literary work.
ףһضᡢʱڻȺĴϰס׼͹淶رΪһѧƷ
Practice, style, execution, or method in the arts:
еʵʩл򷽷
This fresco is typical of the painter's early manner.
ڻҵ͵ڷ
Kind; sort:
ࣻ
What manner of person is she?
ʲô?
Kinds; sorts:
֣ࣺ
saw all manner of people at the mall.
ڹĿָ
?
in a manner of speaking
In a way; so to speak.
ĳЩ棻˵
to the manner born
Accustomed to a position, custom, or lifestyle from or as if from birth.
ϰߣϰһֵλϰ׻ʽĻ·
?
Middle English manere 
йӢ manere 
from Old French maniere [from feminine of] manier [handmade, skillful] 
Դ ŷ maniere  [] ԴmanierԴ [ֹģ] 
from Vulgar Latin *manu3s [convenient, handy] 
Դ  *manu3s [ģֹ] 
from Latin [of the hand] 
Դ  [ֵ] 
from manus [hand] * see  man- 2
Դ manus [] *μ man- 2

= =
manoeuvre
ma.noeu.vre
AHD:[m-n?vr, -ny?-] 
D.J.[m*6nu8v*, -6nju8-]
K.K.[m*6nuv+, -6nju-]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of maneuver 
 maneuverı

= =
manual
man.u.al
AHD:[m2ny?-l] 
D.J.[6m#nju8*l]
K.K.[6m#nju*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the hands:
ֵĻйصģ
manual skill.
ֹ
Done by, used by, or operated with the hands.
ֹģʹû
Employing human rather than mechanical energy:
ģʹǻеܵģ
manual labor.
Ͷ
Of, relating to, or resembling a small reference book.
СοģСοйصĻƵ
n.Abbr. m.,man.ʣд m.,man.
A small reference book, especially one giving instructions.
ֲ᣺Сο飬رṩָϵ
Music A keyboard of an organ played with the hands.
֡ ֵ̣ķټ
A machine operated by hand.
ֹĻе
Prescribed movements in the handling of a weapon, especially a rifle:
ʾرղǹʱ涨õĶ
the manual of arms.
ʾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French manuel 
Դ ŷ manuel 
from Latin manu3s 
Դ  manu3s 
from manus [hand] * see  manus 
Դ manus [] *μ manus
?
manually
adv.ʣ

= =
manufacture
man.u.fac.ture
AHD:[m2ny-f2kchr] 
D.J.[7m#nj*6f#kt.*]
K.K.[7m#nj*6f#kt.+]
v.ʣ
man.u.fac.tured,man.u.fac.tur.ing,man.u.fac.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation.
죺ѣԭϣӹΪƷָɴ͹ҵ
To make or process (a product), especially with the use of industrial machines.
е죬еӹӹƷָʹùҵеӹ
To create, produce, or turn out in a mechanical manner:
죺һֻеķʽɣ
His books seem to have been manufactured rather than composed(Dwight Macdonald)
ƷǴģ̸Ǵ(»ء)
To concoct or invent; fabricate:
ƻ
manufacture an excuse.
ұ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or process goods, especially in large quantities and by means of industrial machines.
죺ӹƷָùҵ
n.Abbr. manuf.,manufac.,mfg.,mfr.ʣд manuf.,manufac.,mfg.,mfr.
The act, craft, or process of manufacturing products, especially on a large scale.
죺ƷΪջָ̣ģ
An industry in which mechanical power and machinery are employed.
ҵʹûеͻ豸Ĺҵ
A product that is manufactured.
ƳƷĲƷ
The making or producing of something.
죺ĳ
?
From French [manufacture] 
Դ  [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin *man??ra} 
Դ  *man??ra} 
Latin man?} [ablative of] manus [hand] * see  man- 2
 man?}  [] manusĶ [] *μ man- 2
Latin fact?a [working of a metal] 
 fact?a [] 
from factus [past participle of] facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
Դ factus  [] facereĹȥִ [] *μ dh?- 
?
manufacturable
adj.ݴʣ
manufactural
adj.ݴʣ
manufacturing
n.ʣ

= =
manufacturer
man.u.fac.tur.er
AHD:[m2ny-f2kchr-r] 
D.J.[7m#nj*6f#kt.**]
K.K.[7m#nj*6f#kt.*+]
n.Abbr. mfr.ʣд mfr.
A person, an enterprise, or an entity that manufactures something.
̣ĳˡҵʵ

= =
manuscript
man.u.script
AHD:[m2ny-skr1pt] 
D.J.[6m#nj*7skr!pt]
K.K.[6m#nj*7skr!pt]
n.Abbr. MS.,MS,ms.,msʣд MS.,MS,ms.,ms
A book, document, or other composition written by hand.
ֳдɵ顢ļƷ
A typewritten or handwritten version of a book, an article, a document, or other work, especially the author's own copy, prepared and submitted for publication in print.
ָ壺ôֻӡĻд¡ļƷָ׼ṩӡˢԼֳ
Handwriting.
鷨
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
manuscript delivery; manuscript editing.
ֳַָ
?
From Medieval Latin man?optum} 
Դ  man?optum} 
from neuter of man?optus} [handwritten] 
Դ man?optusԴ} [д] 
Latin man?} [ablative of] manus [hand] * see  man- 2
 man?}  [] manusĶ [] *μ man- 2
Latin scros [past participle of] scrobere [to write] * see  skrobh- 
 scros  [] scrobereĹȥִ [д] *μ skrobh- 

= =
many
man.y
AHD:[mn?] 
D.J.[6meni8]
K.K.[6mWni]
adj.ݴʣ
more[m?r, m?r] most[m?st]  
Being one of a large, indefinite number; numerous:
ģһȷĿģΪڶģ
many a child; many another day.
ຢӣ
Amounting to or consisting of a large, indefinite number:
ģﵽһȷĿ
many friends.

n.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
A large, indefinite number:
ࣺһȷĿ
A good many of the workers had the flu.
๤˵
The majority of the people; the masses:
ˣȺڣ
The many fail, the one succeeds(Tennyson)
ʧܣһ˳ɹ(̹ɭ)
pron.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
A large number of persons or things:
˻
For many are called, but few are chosen(Matthew 22:14)
ܱټ˶࣬ѡϵȴ١(̫22:14)
?
as many
The same number of:
ͬĿģ
moved three times in as many years.
μ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English manig * see  menegh- 
Դ Ӣ manig *μ menegh- 

= =
map
map
AHD:[m2p] 
D.J.[m#p]
K.K.[m#p]
n.ʣ
A representation, usually on a plane surface, of a region of the earth or heavens.
ͼͼָͨһƽϵԴĳһ½ػͼʾ
Something that suggests such a representation, as in clarity of representation.
ƵͼʾͼʾĶͼ̶ȵȷʾ
Mathematics The correspondence of one or more elements in one set to one or more elements in the same set or another set.
ѧ ӦϵһеһԪͬһһеһԪ֮һһӦ
Slang The human face.
ٵ 
Genetics A genetic map.
Ŵѧ ͼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mapped,map.ping,maps 
To make a map of.
ͼ
To depict as if on a map:
ڵͼ棺
Grief was mapped on his face.
ϲ
To explore or make a survey of (a region) for the purpose of making a map.
飺Ϊ˻ͼԣһп̽͵
To plan or delineate, especially in detail; arrange:
ϸ滮ƻ滮ָϸؼƻţ
mapping out her future.
ϸ滮Ľ
Genetics To locate (a gene or DNA sequence) in a specific region of a chromosome in relation to known genes or DNA sequences.
Ŵѧ ȶԣһDNAУ֪DNAйصȾɫض
Mathematics To establish a mapping of (an element or a set).
ѧ ӦһһԪػ򼯺ϵģӳ
?
put on the map
To make well-known, prominent, or famous.
ʹʹܳ
wipe off the map
To destroy completely; annihilate.
ȫ
?
From Middle English mapemounde 
Դ йӢ mapemounde 
from Old French mapemond 
Դ ŷ mapemond 
from Medieval Latin mappa (mundo) [map (of the world)] 
Դ  mappa (mundo) [磩ͼ] 
from Latin [napkin, cloth (on which maps were drawn)] 
Դ  [ͽͼģ] 
[perhaps of Carthaginian origin] 
[Դ̫] 
?
mappable
adj.ݴʣ
mapper
n.ʣ
?
MAP
MAP
abbr.
 Modified American plan. 
Modified American plan.

= =
marble
mar.ble
AHD:[m?rbl] 
D.J.[6m$8b*l]
K.K.[6m$rb*l]
n.ʣ
A metamorphic rock formed by alteration of limestone or dolomite, often irregularly colored by impurities, and used especially in architecture and sculpture.
ʯʯһұ仯һֱңвɫ飬רڽ͵
A piece of this rock.
ʯ飺һʯ
A sculpture made from this rock.
ʯʯɵĵƷ
Something resembling or suggesting metamorphic rock, as in being very hard, smooth, or cold:
ʯƵĶƻʾģǷǳӲ⻬ģ
a heart of marble; a brow of marble.
ʯĳüë
Games 
Ϸ 
A small hard ball, usually of glass, used in children's games.
ӣСϷͨòƳɵСӲ
marbles (used with a sing. verb)Any of various games played with marbles.
 marbles 뵥ãϷһõӽеϷ
marbles (used with a sing. verb)Slang Common sense; sanity:
 marbles 뵥ãٵ ʶǣ
completely lost his marbles after the stock market crash.
ڹдԺȫʧȥ
Marbling.
ʯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mar.bled,mar.bling,mar.bles 
To mottle and streak (paper, for example) with colors and veins in imitation of marble.
ʹдʯƣڴʯɫƣֽϣŪϰƺ
adj.ݴʣ
Composed of metamorphic rock:
ɱҹɵģ
a marble hearth.
ʯ¯
Resembling metamorphic rock in consistency, texture, venation, color, or coldness.
ʯƵģӲȡʵءơɫʻҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French marbre 
Դ ŷ marbre 
from Latin marmor 
Դ  marmor 
from Greek marmaros 
Դ ϣ marmaros 
?
marbly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
march
march 1
AHD:[m?rch] 
D.J.[m$8t.]
K.K.[m$rt.]
v.ʣ
marched,march.ing,march.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with others.
벽ǰһ벽ǰƽȶн
To begin to move in such a manner:
Σʼַʽƶ
The troops will march at dawn.
ӽڷ
To proceed directly and purposefully:
нֱӵػĿĵǰ
marched in and demanded to see the manager.
Ҫ
To progress steadily onward; advance:
Ȳǰ
Time marches on.
ʱ
To be arranged in an orderly fashion that suggests steady, rhythmical progression.
ȶǰųĶУʹ뵽ƽȶнн
To participate in an organized walk, as for a public cause.
ʾУ֯жΪ˹ҵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move or otherwise progress in a steady, rhythmical manner:
ʹоʹƽнĲƶн
march soldiers into battle; marched us off to the dentist.
ʿоͶսǵҽ
To traverse by progressing steadily and rhythmically:
нͨͨƽȺнн߹
They marched the route in a day.
һȫ
n.ʣ
The act of marching, especially:
ннĶָ
The steady forward movement of a body of troops.
оȲǰн
A long tiring journey on foot.
˵ͽ
Steady forward movement or progression:
Ȳչȶǰ˶н
the march of time.
ʱ
A regulated pace:
涨Ĳ
quick march; slow march.
첽
The distance covered within a certain period of time by moving or progressing steadily and rhythmically:
г̣һʱƽȶнƶнľ룺
a week's march away.
һܵг
Music A composition in regularly accented, usually duple meter that is appropriate to accompany marching.
֡ һйо֣ͨΪ
An organized walk or procession by a group of people for a specific cause or issue.
ʾһȺΪĳһضԭɶе֯ж
?
on the march
Advancing steadily; progressing:
ȶǰģнģ
Technology is on the march.
ѧڽ
steal a march on
To get ahead of, especially by quiet enterprise.
͵͵ǰ棺ڡǰ棬ͨ˽µðΪ
?
Middle English marchen 
йӢ marchen 
from Old French marchier 
Դ ŷ marchier 
from Frankish *mark?n [to mark out] * see  merg- 
Դ  *mark?n [] *μ merg- 
?
march
march 2
AHD:[m?rch] 
D.J.[m$8t.]
K.K.[m$rt.]
n.ʣ
The border or boundary of a country or an area of land; a frontier.
߽һһһƬصı߽߾߽
A tract of land bordering on two countries and claimed by both.
ı߽ӵȨ֮һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
marched,march.ing,march.es 
To have a common boundary:
ӽ磺йͬı߽磺
England marches with Scotland.
Ӣոӽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French marche 
Դ ŷ marche 
[of Germanic origin] * see  merg- 
[Դն] *μ merg- 
?
March
March
AHD:[m?rch] 
D.J.[m$8t.]
K.K.[m$rt.]
n.Abbr. Mar.,Marʣд Mar.,Mar
The third month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.See table at calendar 
£һĵ²μ calendar
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin M3?nsis)} [(month) of Mars] 
Դ  M3?nsis)} [սģ·ݣ] 
from M3s  M3rt- [Mars] 
Դ M3s  M3rt- [ս˹] 
?
March
MarchFrancis Andrew (1825-1911)
NONE޴ԣ
American philologist and lexicographer noted for his work in comparative Anglo-Saxon linguistics.
棬˹³(1825-1911) ѧҺʹʵңڰ³-ѷȽѧо

= =
margin
mar.gin
AHD:[m?rj1n] 
D.J.[6m$8d9!n]
K.K.[6m$rd9!n]
n.Abbr. marg.ʣд marg.
An edge and the area immediately adjacent to it; a border.See Synonyms at border 
Ե߽磺ߺڽ򣻱߽μ border
The blank space bordering the written or printed area on a page.
հҳߣֽҳдӡˢԱߵĿհ
A limit in a condition or process, beyond or below which something is no longer possible or acceptable:
ޣһ̵ļ㣬ϻĳЩ޷޷ܣ
the margin of reality; has crossed the margin of civilized behavior.
ӽʵԽΪ޶
An amount allowed beyond what is needed:
أʵҪһ
a small margin of safety.See Synonyms at room 
ôȫμ room
A measure, quantity, or degree of difference:
߶ȡ̶ϵĲͬ
a margin of 500 votes.
ѡƱĲ
Economics 
ѧ 
The minimum return that an enterprise may earn and still pay for itself.
߼棺ҵӮܸ
The difference between the cost and the selling price of securities or commodities.
ӯࣺ֤ȯƷĳɱۼ֮Ĳ
The difference between the market value of collateral and the face value of a loan.
֤۸֮Ĳ
An amount in money, or represented by securities, deposited by a customer with a broker as a provision against loss on transactions made on account.
ױ֤ɿͻ˵һǮһĿ֤ȯΪֹ潻ʱʧľ
Botany The border of a leaf.
ֲѧ ҶıԵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mar.gined,mar.gin.ing,mar.gins 
To provide with a margin.
ӱ
To be a margin to; border.
Ϊıߣ綨
To inscribe or enter in the margin of a page.
ҳעͻ¼
Economics 
ѧ 
To add margin to:
ӵı֤
margin up a brokerage account.
ڽ׻ͷӱ֤
To deposit margin for:
֤
margin a transaction.
뽻ױ֤
To buy or hold (securities) by depositing or adding to a margin.
ɱ֤ͨӱ֤У֤ȯ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin marg?}  margin- * see  merg- 
Դ  marg?}  margin- *μ merg- 
?
margined
adj.ݴʣ

= =
marginal
mar.gin.al
AHD:[m?rj-nl] 
D.J.[6m$8d9*n*l]
K.K.[6m$rd9*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a border, or an edge:
ԵģԵ߽ߵģйصģڻγɱԵ߽硢ߵģ
the marginal strip of beach; a marginal issue that had no bearing on the election results.
Եϸĺ̲ѡٽûжϵıԵ
Being adjacent geographically:
ģڵģ
states marginal to Canada.
ͼôڵĸ
Written or printed in the margin of a book:
עģдڻӡҳϿհ״ģ
marginal notes.
ע
Barely within a lower standard or limit of quality:
޶ȵģάĳһϵͱ׼޶ڵģ
marginal writing ability; eked out a marginal existence.
дܵͣǿά
Economics 
ѧ 
Having to do with enterprises that produce goods or are capable of producing goods at a rate that barely covers production costs.
߼ЧõģĳҵйأҵջɱıʽܹԴ˱
Relating to commodities thus manufactured and sold.
ͳ۳Ʒйص
Psychology Relating to or located at the fringe of consciousness.
ѧ ʶԵйصģʶԵ
n.ʣ
One that is considered to be at a lower or outer limit, as of social acceptability:
ԵЩΪɽܱ׼޻޵ģ
is fascinated by marginals, by people who live on the edge of society(Dan Yakir)
Ե(ſ)
?
marginality
AHD:[-j-n2l1-t?] ʣ
marginally
adv.ʣ

= =
marine
ma.rine
AHD:[m-r?n] 
D.J.[m*6ri8n]
K.K.[m*6rin]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the sea:
ģĻ뺣йصģ
marine exploration.
̽
Native to, inhabiting, or formed by the sea:
еģںеģɺγɵģ
marine animals.

Of or relating to shipping or maritime affairs.
˵ģµģ˵Ļµģ봬˻йص
Of or relating to sea navigation; nautical:
ϺеģģϺеĻ뺣Ϻйأģ
a marine chart.See Synonyms at nautical 
ͼμ nautical
Of or relating to troops that serve at sea as well as on land, specifically the U.S. Marine Corps.
½սӵģйأں½صĲӵģָ½ս
n.ʣ
A soldier serving on a ship or at a naval installation.
ʿھ򺣾ʩз۵ʿ
Marine A member of the U.S. Marine Corps.
 Marine ½սӶԱ
The mercantile or naval ships or shipping fleet of a country.
дһҵ򺣾Ĵֻ򽢶
The governmental department in charge of naval affairs in some nations.
ĳЩƹܺ
A painting or photograph of the sea.
ںĻ滭Ƭ
?
Middle English marin, marine 
йӢ marin, marine 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin maros 
Դ  maros 
from mare [sea] * see  mori- 
Դ mare [] *μ mori- 

= =
mark
mark 1
AHD:[m?rk] 
D.J.[m$8k]
K.K.[m$rk]
n.Abbr. mk.ʣд mk.
A visible trace or impression, such as a line or spot.
ǣüĺۼӡǣһ߻һ
A sign, such as a cross, made in lieu of a signature.
ѺǺţǩıǣʮַ
A written or printed symbol used for punctuation; a punctuation mark.
ţдӡķţ
A number, letter, or symbol used to indicate various grades of academic achievement:
ʾͬȼѧƳɼһ֡ĸţ
got a mark of 95 instead of 100.
95֣100
Often marks An appraisal; a rating:
  marks ۣ
earned high marks from her superiors.
õ˾ĸ߶
An inscription, name, stamp, label, or seal placed on an article to signify ownership, quality, manufacture, or origin.
ǩƷϵӡǡơʴӡߡ߻Դ
A notch in an animal's ear or hide indicating ownership.
ӡβӡʾȨ
Nautical 
 
A knot or piece of material placed at various measured lengths on a lead line to indicate the depth of the water.
꣺ϵڲѲⶨȵĲͬλ֮ĽһʣԴⶨˮ
A Plimsoll mark.
سˮ
A distinctive trait or property:
Եص
Good manners are the mark of a civilized person.
˵
A lasting effect:
õӰ죺
The experience had left its mark.
˺ۼ
Mark A particular mode, brand, size, or quality of a product, especially a weapon or machine.
 Mark ʽƷеķʽƷơָе
A recognized standard of quality:
׼Ͽɵ׼
schoolwork that is not up to the mark.
δ׼ѧҵɼ
Importance; prominence:
Ҫʢ
a fellow of no mark nor likelihood(Shakespeare)
ҪҲûϣļһ(ɯʿ)
Notice; attention:
ע⣻⣺
a matter unworthy of mark.
ֵһС
A target:
ӣ
A mounted officer would be a conspicuous mark(Ambrose Bierce)
ĹԱΪĿעӵĽ㡱(˹ȶ˹)
Something that one wishes to achieve; a goal.
Ŀ꣺һϣõĶĿ
An object or a point that serves as a guide.
ָ
Slang A person who is the intended victim of a swindler; a dupe.
ٵ ƭˣƭӹƭܺˣ
Sports The place from which racers begin and sometimes end their contest.
˶ ߣܲ߳Ҳǽ֮
A point reached or gained:
ﵽĵص㣺
the halfway mark of the race.
ܵе
A record:
¼
set a new mark in the long jump.
µ߼¼
Sports 
˶ 
A strike or spare in bowling.
еһȫ
A stationary ball in lawn bowling; a jack.
ӵ򣺲ݵرеľֹӵĿ
A boundary between countries.
磬߽磺֮ı߽
A tract of land in medieval England and Germany held in common by a community.
еأӢ¹ɴеһ
Computer Science A character or feature in a file or record used to locate a specific point or condition.
ѧ ǣ־ļ¼еַ򲿼ȷĳ״̬λ
v.ʣ
marked,mark.ing,marks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a visible trace or impression on, as with a spot, line, or dent.
ǣԵĺۼӡǣ㡢߻򰼺
To form, make, or depict by making a mark:
Ա־дͨǺɡ棺
marked a square on the board.
ںڰϻһ
To supply with natural markings:
Ȼİƣ
gray fur that is marked with stripes.
ƵĻɫƤë
To single out or indicate by or as if by a mark:
ָû·һǺָʾ
marked the spot where the treasure was buried; a career marked for glory.
ڱصصϼǺţٵľ
To distinguish or characterize:
־ʾ
the exuberance that marks her writings; marked the occasion with celebrations.
ƷصڷḻףΪֳϵص
To make conspicuous:
ʹԣ
a concert marking the composer's 60th birthday.
ףҵ60ֻ
To set off or separate by or as if by a line or boundary:
ĽޣԻ·һ߻߽ʹֿ
marked off the limits of our property.
ǲƲĽ
To attach or affix identification, such as a price tag or maker's label, to.
ϱǣڡճ򸽼ʶ۸ǩߵı־
To evaluate (academic work) according to a scale of letters and numbers.
ĸֵļѧ
To give attention to; notice:
ע⣻ģ
Mark her expression of discontent. Mark my words: they are asking for trouble.
עı֡˵鷳
To take note of in writing; write down:
дмǱʼǣ£
marked the appointment on my calendar.
ҵϼԼʱ
Sports Games To record (the score) in various games.
˶ Ϸ Ƿ֣ڸֱм¼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a visible impression:
־Եӡǣ
This pen will mark under water.
֧ʿˮ
To receive a visible impression:
ǣԵӡǣ
The floor marks easily.
ذºۼ
Sports Games To keep score.
˶ Ϸ ּ¼
To determine academic grades:
Ƿ֣ѧϰɼ
a teacher who marks strictly.
ϸʦ
Archaic To pay attention; notice.
 ע⣻
?
mark down
To mark for sale at a lower price.
ۣʹƷļ۸
mark up
To deface by covering with marks.
ĥ𣬻ۼ߰߶
To mark for sale at a higher price.
ǼۣߡļĿ
?
beside the mark
Beside the point; irrelevant.
⣻
mark time
To move the feet alternately in the rhythm of a marching step without advancing.
̤нĽཻƶŵǰ
To suspend progress for the time being; wait in readiness.
ʱֹͣУȴʱ׼ж
To function in an apathetic or ineffective manner.
һȱȤЧʵķʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English mearc * see  merg- 
Դ Ӣ mearc *μ merg- 
?
mark,brand,label,tag,ticket
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to place a mark of identification on: 
ЩʵĹͬ˼ǡڡʶļǺš 
marked the furs with their place of origin;
ЩƤëĲΪϼǺţ
brand cattle;

labeled the boxes on the shelf;
Ѽϵĺϱǩ
tagging suitcases;
Щϱǩ
ticketed the new merchandise. See also Synonyms at  sign 
Ǹ²Ʒϱǩ μͬ sign
?
mark
mark 2
AHD:[m?rk] 
D.J.[m$8k]
K.K.[m$rk]
n.Abbr. M.ʣд M.
An English and Scottish monetary unit that was equal to 13 shillings and 4 pence.
ңӢոҵλ൱134ʿ
Any of several European units of weight that were equal to about 8 ounces (227 grams), used especially for weighing gold and silver.
λһŷ޵λ൱8˾227ˣָں
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English marc * see  merg- 
Դ Ӣ marc *μ merg- 
?
Mark
Mark
n.Abbr. Mkʣд Mk
Bible See table at Bible 
ʥ μ Bible
In Arthurian legend, a king of Cornwall who was the husband of Iseult and the uncle of her lover Tristan.
ɪеĿֶ֮ӵ˹̹
?
Mark
Markʥͽ
NONE޴ԣ
Author of the second Gospel in the New Testament and disciple of Saint Peter.
ɣԼʥеڶߣʥ˵õʹͽ

= =
market
mar.ket
AHD:[m?rk1t] 
D.J.[6m$8k!t]
K.K.[6m$rk!t]
n.Abbr. mkt.ʣд mkt.
A public gathering held for buying and selling merchandise.
УΪƷٰĹۻ
A place where goods are offered for sale.
гƷĵط
A store or shop that sells a particular type of merchandise:
ʳƷ꣺ĳضƷĵ̵̻꣺
a meat market.
ʳ
The business of buying and selling a specified commodity:
ƷĳضƷҵ
the soybean market.
г
A market price.
г
A geographic region considered as a place for sales:
ƷΪ۵صĵ
grain for the foreign market; the West Coast market.
гʳг
A subdivision of a population considered as buyers:
˿ͷֲķΧ˿бǹߵһ֣
cosmetics for the upscale market.
ײΪѶĻױƷ
The opportunity to buy or sell; extent of demand for merchandise:
飺ʱƷĳ̶ȣ
a big market for gourmet foods.
ʳƷ·ܺ
An exchange for buying and selling stocks or commodities:
ף֤ȯƷĽף
securities sold on the New York market.
ŦԼ֤ȯĽ
The entire enterprise of buying and selling commodities and securities:
ҵϵƷ֤ȯҵ
The market has been slow recently.
ҵĽ׺䵭
v.ʣ
mar.ket.ed,mar.ket.ing,mar.kets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To offer for sale.
Ϊṩ
To sell.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deal in a market.
гϽн
To buy household supplies:
ͥƷ
We marketed for a special Sunday dinner.
ΪرһЩ
?
in the market
Interested in buying:
⹺
We are in the market for a used car.
ֳ
on the market
Available for buying:
йӦģ
Many kinds of seasonal flowers are on the market.
ֻӦļ
Up for sale:
ۣ
They put the family business on the market.
ǳۼеĲҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *marc3s 
Դ  *marc3s 
from Latin merc3s [from past participle of] merc3ro [to buy] 
Դ  merc3s  [] Դmerc3roĹȥִ [] 
from merx  merc- [merchandise] 
Դ merx  merc- [Ʒ] 

= =
marriage
mar.riage
AHD:[m2r1j] 
D.J.[6m#r!d9]
K.K.[6m#r!d9]
n.ʣ
The legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife.
飺һ˺һŮɷӷʽĺϷ
Wedlock.

A wedding.
ʽ
A close union:
ܵĽϣ
the most successful marriage of beauty and blood in mainstream comics(Lloyd Rose)
ϲѪĳɹϡ(Ͱ¡˹)
Games The combination of the king and queen of the same suit, as in pinochle.
Ϸ 飬ϣƤŵ˶еĽͬ·Ĺ
?
Middle English mariage 
йӢ mariage 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from marier [to marry] * see  marry 1
Դ marier [] *μ marry1

= =
married
mar.ried
AHD:[m2r?d] 
D.J.[6m#ri8d]
K.K.[6m#rid]
adj.Abbr. mar.,m.ݴʣд mar.,m.
Having a spouse:
żģ
a married woman; a married man.
ѻ鸾Ůѻ
United in matrimony:
˻ģ
a married couple.
һԷ
Of or relating to the state of marriage:
ģģйصģ
married bliss.
Ŀ
Acquired through marriage:
ͨõģ
her married name.
ϵķ
Closely connected; united.
нϵģ
n.ʣ
 marrieds  married  
A married person:
ѻߣ
young marrieds.


= =
marry
marry 1
AHD:[m2r?] 
D.J.[6m#ri8]
K.K.[6m#ri]
v.ʣ
mar.ried,mar.ry.ing,mar.ries 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To join as spouses by exchanging vows.
飺ͨԼΪ
To take as a spouse.
ȢޣԷ
To give in marriage.
飺ѡ޸ΪȢ
To perform a marriage ceremony for:
Ϊл
The rabbi married the couple.
̫ʦΪ֤
To obtain by marriage:
ã
marry money.
õĲƸ
Nautical To join (two ropes) end to end by interweaving their strands.
 ӣˣͨ֯ɶӣβһ
To unite in a close, usually permanent way:
ܵؽϣԽͨԳ־õķʽнϣ
His material marries the domestic and the exotic(Clifton Fadiman)
ƷɫϵûȻһ塱(١)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take a husband or wife; wed:
ޣ򣩣Ȣޣ飺
They married in their twenties.
ǶʮĻ
To combine or blend agreeably:
Ȼϻϣ
Let the flavors marry overnight.
ζһҹ֮䴼
?
Middle English marien 
йӢ marien 
from Old French marier 
Դ ŷ marier 
from Latin maro3re} 
Դ  maro3re} 
from maros [married] 
Դ maros [] 
?
marry
marry 2
AHD:[m2r?] 
D.J.[6m#ri8]
K.K.[6m#ri]
interj.Archaic ̾ʣ 
Used as an exclamation of surprise or emphasis.
ѽǣڱʾȻǿĸ̾
?
Middle English Marie [the Virgin Mary] 
йӢ  [ʥĸ] 
ultimately from Greek Maria * see  marionette 
Դ ϣ  *μ marionette

= =
marsh
marsh
AHD:[m?rsh] 
D.J.[m$8.]
K.K.[m$r.]
n.ʣ
An area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy vegetation and often forming a transition zone between water and land.
ʪأΪݸǵʪĵ͵أγˮ½֮Ĺɵش
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English mersc * see  mori- 
Դ Ӣ mersc *μ mori- 
?
Marsh
Marsh
AHD:[M?rsh] Ngaio (1899-1982) 
D.J.[m$8.]
K.K.[m$r.]
NONE޴ԣ
New Zealand writer known for her detective novels, includingA Man Lay Dead  (1934) and Last Ditch  (1977). 
ʲӰ£(1899-1982) Ůң̽С˵Ʒһȥˡ 1934꣩ Ĺ 1977꣩ 
?
Marsh
MarshOthniel Charles (1831-1899)
NONE޴ԣ
American paleontologist noted for his study of vertebrate fossils found in the northwestern United States.
ʲ˹˹(1831-1899) ѧңоֵļ׵Ļʯ
?
Marsh
MarshReginald (1898-1954)
NONE޴ԣ
American painter whose works, such asWhy Not Use the 'L?  and The Bowery  (both 1930), depict life in New York City. 
ʲ׽ɵ£(1898-1954) ңƷ硶Ϊʲô˸߼ܵ糵  ֡ 1930꣩ŦԼĶ 

= =
marshal
mar.shal
AHD:[m?rshl] 
D.J.[6m$8.*l]
K.K.[6m$r.*l]
n.ʣ
A military officer of the highest rank in some countries.
Ԫ˧ָӹ٣ĳЩ߾εľӹԱ
A field marshal.
½Ԫ˧
A U.S. federal officer of a judicial district who carries out court orders and discharges duties similar to those of a sheriff.
˾ִ٣˾Աʵʩͥ˰˾
A city law enforcement officer in the United States who carries out court orders.
˾٣зִйԱʵʩͥ
The head, especially of a fire department in the United States.
ӳŵ쵼
A fire marshal.
־ֳ
A person in charge of a parade or ceremony.
˾ߣ˾٣л
A high official in a royal court, especially one aiding the sovereign in military affairs.
߾٣ҵĸ߽׹Աָ
v.ʣ
mar.shaled Ҳ mar.shalled mar.shal.ing marshal.ling mar.shals mar.shals  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange or place (troops, for example) in line for a parade, maneuver, or review.
УţΪСϰıаŻã粿ӣ
To arrange, place, or set in methodical order:
о٣ϵͳĹšûã
marshal facts in preparation for an exam.See Synonyms at arrange 
Ϊ׼Զоʵμ arrange
To enlist and organize:
룬֯
trying to marshal public support.
ͼȡڵ֧
To guide ceremoniously; conduct or usher.
ʽ죻ָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take up positions in or as if in a military formation.
ӣƣվӵıƻưӵıλ
To take form or order:
гΣ
facts marshaling as research progressed.
оĲϽչϳֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French mareschal 
Դ ŷ mareschal 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
marshalcy  
marshalship
n.ʣ
?
Hard-riding marshals of the Wild West in pursuit of criminalsreemphasize the relationship of the wordmarshal  with horses. The Germanic ancestor of our wordmarshal  is a compound 
made up of .marhaz,  horse (related to the source of our word mare ), and .skalkaz,  servant, meaning as a whole literally horse servant,hence groom.The Frankish 
descendant of this Germanic word,.marahskalk,  starting from these humble beginnings, came to designate a high royal official and also a high military commander, not surprisingly so, 
given the importance of the horse in medieval warfare.The word passed into the period (beginning in 800) in which we speak of Old French, after the Franks and their Germanic language 
had been fused with the surrounding culture descended from Roman Gaul.When the Normans established a French-speaking official class in England,the Old French word came with 
them.The Middle English source of our word is first recorded as a surname in 1218 (and the surname Marshal, now spelled Marshall, has been held by some famous people),but it is 
first recorded as a common noun with the sense high officer of the royal court in the first English language proclamation (1258) by an English king, Henry III, after the Norman 
Conquest.Marshal  was applied to this high royal official's deputies, who were officers of courts of law,and the word continued to designate various officials involved with courts of law 
and law enforcement,including the horseback-riding marshals we are familiar with in the United States.
Ұﷸ׷ľٴǿmarshal ֮ϵ marshal նԭһ marhaz  mare Դأ 
skalkaz ˣӶˡɵĺϳɴʣ ˼ǡˡҲǺġ򡱡նʵķݱmarahskalk ΢ĺݱ䵽ָ߼ҹԱ
߼½죬 ˣ͵սҲҪλڷ˺˵նһΧ¬Ļ֮ʽǽŷʱ
ʼ800꣩ŵӢһĹԱײ֮󣬹ŷʱ֮ôӢ1218Ϊһϱ¼һЩ
ʿЪڵƴдΪMarshall)Ϊָҵĸ߼ԱͨʣӢŵ֮һƪӢĹ(1258꣩ڴ
Marshal ָ߼ҹԱĴ Ҳ˾Աô漰ɺͷʵʩĲͬԱĺоͰϤϵľ

= =
marvelous
marvelous Ҳ mar.vel.lous
AHD:[m?rv-ls] 
D.J.[6m$8v*l*s]
K.K.[6m$rv*l*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing wonder or astonishment.
˾Ļص
Miraculous; supernatural.
漣ģȻ
Of the highest or best kind or quality; first-rate:
ѵģʻƷõĻģһģ
has a marvelous collection of rare books.
ӵһ䱾鼮ղ
?
marvelously
adv.ʣ
marvelousness
n.ʣ

= =
masculine
mas.cu.line
AHD:[m2sky-l1n] 
D.J.[6m#skj*l!n]
K.K.[6m#skj*l!n]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to men or boys; male.
˵ģкģԵĻӵģӵ
Suggestive or characteristic of a man; mannish.See Synonyms at male 
ԻģʾӺĲμ male
Abbr. masc.,m.,M.Grammar Relating or belonging to the gender of words or grammatical forms that refer chiefly to males or to things classified as male.
д masc.,m.,M.﷨ ԵģԴʵģڻԵĻ﷨ҪָԵĻΪԵ
Music Ending on an accented beat:
֡ ֹģ
a masculine cadence.
һֹ
n.ʣ
Abbr. masc.,m.,M.Grammar 
д masc.,m.,M.﷨ 
The masculine gender.

A word or word form of the masculine gender.
Դʣʽ
A male person.
ԣ
?
Middle English masculin 
йӢ masculin 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m3onus} 
Դ  m3onus} 
from m3s [male] [diminutive of] m3s 
Դ m3s [ԣԵ]  [] m3sС׺ 
?
masculinely
adv.ʣ
masculineness
n.ʣ

= =
mask
mask
AHD:[m2sk] 
D.J.[m#sk]
K.K.[m#sk]
n.ʣ
A covering worn on the face to conceal one's identity, as:
ߣ֣ߣݵĸ磺
A covering, as of cloth, that has openings for the eyes, entirely or partly conceals the face, and is worn especially at a masquerade ball.
ױģߣߣп׿¶˫ۡȫ򲿷ֵס沿ڼ
A grotesque or comical representation of a face, worn especially to frighten or amuse, as at Halloween.
ʥڴģߣŹֵĻ˷Ц沿ߣڻ˻֣ڹʱ
A facial covering worn for ritual.
ڽʽõ
A figure of a head worn by actors in Greek and Roman drama to identify a character or trait and to amplify the voice.
ߣϣϷԱ߻ͷߣԱϷԸƷʣͬʱ
A protective covering for the face or head.
֣֣ͷıԸ
A gas mask.

A covering for the nose and mouth that is used for inhaling oxygen or an anesthetic.
֣֡Ϊĸ
A covering worn over the nose and mouth, as by a surgeon or dentist, to prevent infection.
֣ҽҽķֹȾĸ
A mold of a person's face, often made after death.
ģ
An often grotesque representation of a head and face, used for ornamentation.
ͷͷֵͨװ
The face or facial markings of certain animals, such as foxes or dogs.
沿дĳõӡǣ
A face having a blank, fixed, or enigmatic expression.
ãȻпնӲ
Something, often a trait, that disguises or conceals:
αװڸǻεĶĳԣ
If ever I saw misery under a mask, it was on her face(Erskine Childers)
ĿѣǾϡ(˹𡤲̶˹)
A natural or artificial feature of terrain that conceals and protects military forces or installations.
壬ڱڸǡװȻ˹ĵò
An opaque border or pattern placed between a source of light and a photosensitive surface to prevent exposure of specified portions of the surface.
ڹ壺ڹԴйԱ֮ġֹضعı߻ͼ
The translucent border framing a television picture tube and screen.
ܺӫİ͸߿
Computer Science A pattern of characters, bits, or bytes used to control the elimination or retention of another pattern of characters, bits, or bytes.
ѧ 룬Σַλֽڵģʽһַλֽģʽ
A cosmetic preparation that is applied to the face and allowed to dry before being removed, used especially for cleansing and tightening the skin.
ĤͿϵĻױǰƷɺȥƤ
Variant of masque 
 masqueı
A person wearing a mask.
ߣ֣
v.ʣ
masked,mask.ing,masks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with a decorative or protective mask.
ϣôװͼĻбܵ߸
To make indistinct or blurred to the senses:
ڸǣڸǣģʹ죺
spices that mask the strong flavor of the meat.
סζ
To cover in order to conceal, protect, or disguise.See Synonyms at disguise 
ڱڻΪڸǡζڸǲμ disguise
To block the view of:
סߣס
Undergrowth masked the entrance to the cave.
ľ赲ߣѨ
To cover (a part of a photographic film) by the application of an opaque border.
ڹסƬһ֣
Chemistry To prevent (an atom or a group of atoms) from taking part in a normal reaction.
ѧ жϷӦֹԭӻԭȺμӳ淴Ӧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put on a mask, especially for a masquerade ball.
ߣָΪ
To conceal one's real personality, character, or intentions.
ΣڸסĳʵĸԡԸĿ
?
French masque 
 masque 
from Italian maschera 
Դ  maschera 
from Late Latin masca [specter, witch, mask] 
Դ  masca [飬þŮ] 
?
maskable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
mass
mass
AHD:[m2s] 
D.J.[m#s]
K.K.[m#s]
n.ʣ
A unified body of matter with no specific shape:
ţ飬ѣ۳һûо״ʣ
a mass of clay.
һ
A grouping of individual parts or elements that compose a unified body of unspecified size or quantity:
ᣬϣûо״ĸɲֿһ壺
Take mankind in mass, and for the most part, they seem a mob of unnecessary duplicates(Herman Melville)
ۣ󲿷ֵ಻һȺں֮ڡ(ն÷ά)
A large but nonspecific amount or number:

a mass of bruises.
һƬ
The principal part; the majority:
壬Ҫ֣
the mass of the continent.
ݵҪ
The physical volume or bulk of a solid body.
һ
Abbr. mPhysics The measure of the quantity of matter that a body or an object contains. The mass of the body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional 
to its weight.
д mѧ ʵӰ죬ͬɱ
An area of unified light, shade, or color in a painting.
ͬɫɢ״һͳһĹ⡢ӰɫһƬ
Pharmacology A thick, pasty mixture containing drugs from which pills are formed.
ҩѧ ĺҩĽ״
masses The body of common people or people of low socioeconomic status. Used withthe.  
 masses ڣƽᾭõλϵߡthe  
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
massed,mass.ing,mass.es 
To gather or be gathered into a mass.
۳š
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, characteristic of, directed at, or attended by a large number of people:
ԴΪģڵģԴΪģָڵĻڲģ
mass education; mass communication.
ڽڴ
Done or carried out on a large scale:
ģУɣģ
mass production.
ģ
Total; complete:
ģȫģȫģ
The mass result is impressive.
սӡ
?
Middle English masse 
йӢ masse 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin massa 
Դ  massa 
from Greek maza * see  mag- 
Դ ϣ maza *μ mag- 
?
Mass
Mass Ҳ mass
AHD:[m2s] 
D.J.[m#s]
K.K.[m#s]
n.ʣ
Public celebration of the Eucharist in the Roman Catholic Church and some Protestant churches.
̽úһЩ½̽þеȡʥ͵Ĺף
The sacrament of the Eucharist.
ȡʥ͵ʥ
A musical setting of certain parts of the Mass, especially the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei.
ĳЩıָ֣ࣩӦ֡֡ٹž֡ʥվ֡ɢֺ֡Ͱ̸ֵ
?
Middle English masse 
йӢ masse 
from Old English m?sse 
Դ Ӣ m?sse 
from Vulgar Latin *messa 
Դ  *messa 
from Late Latin missa 
Դ  missa 
from Latin [feminine past participle of] mittere [to send away, dismiss] 
Դ   [] mittereԹȥִ [ߣɢ] 

= =
massive
mas.sive
AHD:[m2s1v] 
D.J.[6m#s!v]
K.K.[6m#s!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid:
صģɴĶɣɣģģصģ̵ģ
a massive piece of furniture.
һصļҾ
Large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale:
ģģΰģΧ̶ȻģȴĻӡ̵ģ
Local defense must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power(John Foster Dulles)See Synonyms at heavy 
ͨģǿط(Լ˹ء˹)μ heavy
Large in comparison with the usual amount:
ģƽʱȶģ
a massive dose of a drug.
һҩ
Pathology Affecting a large area of bodily tissue; widespread and severe:
ѧ صģΧģӰ쵽֯ģӰ췶Χģصģ
massive gangrene.
Ļ
Mineralogy Lacking internal crystalline structure; amorphous.
ѧ Ǿʵģȹ
Geology Without internal structure or layers and homogeneous in composition. Used of a rock.
ѧ ״ģڲṹĻͬģָʯ
?
Middle English massif 
йӢ massif 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from masse [mass] * see  mass 
Դ masse [] *μ mass
?
massively
adv.ʣ
massiveness
n.ʣ
?
Massive
Mas.sive
AHD:[m2s1v] Mount
D.J.[6m#s!v]Mount
K.K.[6m#s!v]Mount
NONE޴ԣ
A peak, 4,398.4 m (14,421 ft) high, in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains in central Colorado.
壺λڿвɽɽ壬4,398.4(14,421Ӣߣ

= =
master
mas.ter
AHD:[m2str] 
D.J.[6m#st*]
K.K.[6m#st+]
n.Abbr. M.ʣд M.
One that has control over another or others.
ߣһ˵
The owner of a slave or an animal.
ūȵģӵ
One who has control over or ownership of something:
ԡпȨʹȨˣ
the master of a large tea plantation.
Ҷֲ԰
The captain of a merchant ship.Also called  master mariner 
̴Ҳ  master mariner
An employer.

The man who serves as the head of a household.
ҳһ֮Ϊһ֮
One who defeats another; a victor.
ʤߣʤ
One whose teachings or doctrines are accepted by followers.
ʦѧ˵Ϊܻѭ
Master Jesus.
 Master Ү
A male teacher, schoolmaster, or tutor.
ʦУͥʦ
One who holds a master's degree.
˶ʿȡ˶ʿѧλ
An artist or a performer of great and exemplary skill.
ң߳յұ
An old master.
ʦ
A worker qualified to teach apprentices and carry on the craft independently.
ʦɴѧͽƹյĹ
An expert:
רң
a master of three languages.
Եר
Used formerly as a title for a man holding a naval office ranking next below a lieutenant on a warship.
գξָսְλξεĺ
Used as a title for a man who serves as the head or presiding officer of certain societies, clubs, orders, or institutions.
ܾĳһšֲ֯Իϯܵͷ
Chiefly British Used as a title for any of various male law court officers.
Ӣ ͥģз٣ָͥϵĸԹԱͷ
Master Used as a title for any of various male officers having specified duties concerning the management of the British royal household.
 Master йԱڸӢĸԹԱͷ
Master Used as a courtesy title before the given or full name of a boy not considered old enough to be addressed as Mister.
 Master үϻ㱻Ϊǰľ
Archaic Used as a form of address for a man; mister.
 ڳƺ
Master A man who owns a pack of hounds or is the chief officer of a hunt.
 Master ӵȮȺˣƹ
An original, especially an original audio recording, from which copies can be made.
ԭ棺ָ¼¼ԭ棬
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a master.
˵
Principal or predominant:
ҪģҪģ
a master plot.
Ҫ
Controlling all other parts of a mechanism:
Ҫģƻеװõֵģ
a master switch.
Ҫ
Highly skilled or proficient:
ͨģģģ
a master thief.
ֶθ
Being an original from which copies are made.
ԭģΪԭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mas.tered,mas.ter.ing,mas.ters 
To act as or be the master of.
Ϊˣ
To make oneself a master of:
ͨʹԼΪľͨߣգ
mastered the language in a year's study.
һѧϰ
To overcome or defeat:
ܣ
He finally mastered his addiction to drugs.
սʤ˶
To reduce to subjugation; break or tame (an animal, for example).
ʹѱʹƽϢѱ綯
To produce a master audio recording for.
ΪƳƬԭ
To season or age (dyed goods).
ʹȾƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m3r 
Դ Ӣ m3r 
Old French maistre 
ŷ maistre 
both from Latin magister * see  meg- 
Դ  magister *μ meg- 
?
masterdom
n.ʣ

= =
masterpiece
mas.ter.piece
AHD:[m2str-p?s] 
D.J.[6m#st*7pi8s]
K.K.[6m#st+7pis]
n.ʣ
An outstanding work of art or craft.
һעĿƷƷ
The greatest work, as of an artist.Also called  masterwork 
ҵģΰƷҲ  masterwork
Something superlative of its kind:
ܳƷͬеߣ
a masterpiece of political ingenuity.
μɵ
?
Probably translation of Dutch meesterstuk 
Ϊ  meesterstukķ 
or German Meisterstck 
  Meisterstck 
Dutch meester 
 meester 
German Meister [master] 
 Meister [ʦ] 
Dutch stuk 
 stuk 
German Stck [piece of work] 
 Stck [Ʒ] 

= =
mat
mat 1
AHD:[m2t] 
D.J.[m#t]
K.K.[m#t]
n.ʣ
A flat piece of coarse fabric or other material used for wiping one's shoes or feet, or in various other forms as a floor covering.
Ь棬̤ŵ棺άƳɵǲЬšΪڸʽĵ
A small, flat piece of decorated material placed under a lamp, dish of food, or other object.
Ƶ棬棬ӣ̨ơ̻ƷĴװͼĲ
Sports A floor pad to protect athletes, as in wrestling or gymnastics.
˶ 棺ˤӻٵ˶Ա˶Աĵ
A densely woven or thickly tangled mass:
ԣţأ֯ܵĻƵһţ
a mat of hair.
һͷҷ
The solid part of a lace design.
ıߣͼʵĲ
A heavy woven net of rope or wire cable placed over a blasting site to keep debris from scattering.
̺ڱըֳֹƬɢĺ
v.ʣ
mat.ted,mat.ting,mats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, protect, or decorate with mats or a mat.
ڸǣõװ
To pack or interweave into a thick mass:
ʹ᣺֯ɺһţ
High winds matted the leaves against the base of the fence.
ҶӴʵ£һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be packed or interwoven into a thick mass; become entangled.
᣺װ֯ϳһţΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English matte 
Դ Ӣ matte 
from Late Latin matta 
Դ  matta 
possibly from Phoenician (Punic) maa} ; akin to  Hebrew mia [bed, couch] 
Դ ̫ˣ maa}   ϣ mia [ɳ] 
?
mat
mat 2
AHD:[m2t] 
D.J.[m#t]
K.K.[m#t]
n.ʣ
A decorative border placed around a picture to serve as a frame or provide contrast between the picture and the frame.
ıߣڻװװεĳıΪ߻ʹ뾵֮γɶԱ
Also matte 
 Ҳ matte 
A dull, often rough finish, as of paint, glass, metal, or paper.
棺ᡢƷֽŵĴֲڡ޹ı
A special tool for producing such a surface or finish.
رӹ
Printing See  matrix 
ӡˢ μ  matrix 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mat.ted,mat.ting,mats 
To put a mat around (a picture).
Ƭ
To produce a dull finish on.
ʹ޹
adj.also ݴʣ Ҳ 
matte
Having a dull finish.
ֲڵġģдֲڱ
?
From French [dull] 
Դ  [ֲڵġ޹] 
from Old French [defeated, withered] 
Դ ŷ [ܵģģ˵] 
perhaps from Latin mattus [stupefied, senseless] 
Դ  mattus [ľģ֪] 
possibly from *maditus [past participle of] mad?re [to be wet] 
Դ *maditus  [] mad?reĹȥִ [Ϊʪ] 
?
MAT
MAT
abbr.
 Master of Arts in Teaching 
Master of Arts in Teaching

= =
match
match 1
AHD:[m2ch] 
D.J.[m#t.]
K.K.[m#t.]
n.ʣ
One that is exactly like another; a counterpart.
ɶԵһȷʵһƵ˻Ӧ
One that is like another in one or more specified qualities:
һԣĳЩʷƵ˻
He is John's match for bravery.
Լ൱
One that is able to compete equally with another:
֣֣һһƽȾˣ
The boxer had met his match.
ȭĶ
One that closely resembles or harmonizes with another:
˻һʮƻг˻
The napkins were a nice match for the tablecloth.
ͽúܺ
A pair, each one of which resembles or harmonizes with the other:
һԣһԣ֮һһƻг
The colors were a close match.
ɫ
Sports 
˶ 
A game or contest in which two or more persons, animals, or teams oppose and compete with each other:
ˡӱ˴˻࿹ı
a soccer match.
һӢʽ
A tennis contest won by the player or side that wins a specified number of sets, usually two out of three or three out of five.
һӮù涨ͨʤʤ
A marriage or an arrangement of marriage:
鰲ţ
a royal match.
ʼһ
A person viewed as a prospective marriage partner.
żлԼĽ
v.ʣ
matched,match.ing,match.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be exactly like; correspond exactly.
䣺ʮƣ͡
To be like with respect to specified qualities.
൱ĳЩ롭
To resemble or harmonize with:
ͣ롭ƻг
The coat matches the dress.
ºȹӺ
To adapt or suit so that a balanced or harmonious result is achieved; cause to correspond:
ʹʣʹӦʹʻӦԴﵽһƽгĽʹϣ
You should match your deeds to your beliefs.
Ӧʹжһ
To find or produce a counterpart to:
ƥ䣬䣺ֻһ
It's difficult to match the color of old paint.
ҵ;ɻɫɫ
To fit together or cause to fit together.
ʺϻʹʺ
To join or give in marriage.

To place in opposition or competition; pit:
ʹྺڵжԻ֮Уʹ
She matched her skill against all comers.
ƾԼļ˽
To provide with an adversary or a competitor.
ʹо
To do as well as or better than in competition; equal.
£ھһû
To set in comparison; compare:
ʹȽϣȽϣ
beauty that could never be matched.
ܱȵ
To provide funds so as to equal or complement:
ṩʽԱȵϻ㣺
The government will match all private donations to the museum.
˽˾
To flip or toss (coins) and compare the sides that land face up.
Ӳңľʤ
To couple (electric circuits) by means of a transformer.
᣺ͨѹ·
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be a close counterpart; correspond.
ƣ䣬ʺ
?
Middle English macche 
йӢ macche 
from Old English gem?cca [companion, mate] * see  mag- 
Դ Ӣ gem?cca [ͬ飬] *μ mag- 
?
matcher
n.ʣ
?
match
match 2
AHD:[m2ch] 
D.J.[m#t.]
K.K.[m#t.]
n.ʣ
A narrow piece, usually of wood or cardboard, coated on one end with a compound that ignites when scratched against a rough or chemically treated surface.
һͿлڻѧͿϱ㻮ʱɵȼխľ
An easily ignited cord or wick, formerly used to detonate powder charges or to fire cannons and muzzleloading firearms.
ߣһֹȥ׹ܻȼںͻȼ
?
Middle English matche [lamp wick] 
йӢ matche [о] 
from Old French mesche 
Դ ŷ mesche 
from Vulgar Latin *micca 
Դ  *micca 
from Latin myxa [a lamp's nozzle] 
Դ  myxa [Ƶ] 
from Greek muxa [mucus, lamp wick] 
Դ ϣ muxa [ճҺо] 

= =
mate
mate 1
AHD:[m3t] 
D.J.[me!t]
K.K.[met]
n.ʣ
One of a matched pair:
ƥһеһ
the mate to this glove.
֧׵һ֧
A spouse.
ż
Either of a pair of animals or birds that associate in order to propagate.
һ޵Ϊ˷ֳżеһֻ
Either of a pair of animals brought together for breeding.
ԣΪֳ䵽һ޵һֻ
A person with whom one is in close association; an associate.
飬ͬ£һйϵˣͬ
A good friend or companion.
ѻͬ
A deck officer on a merchant ship ranking below the master.
󸱣̴ϵڴļװϵĹԱ
A U.S. Navy petty officer who is an assistant to a warrant officer.
ʿļ׼ξֵС
v.ʣ
mat.ed,mat.ing,mates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To join closely; pair.
ʹнϣʹ
To unite in marriage.
ʹɷ
To pair (animals) for breeding.
ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become joined in marriage.
ż
To be paired for reproducing; breed.
Ϊ˷ֳԵģֳ
To copulate.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Low German m3e [messmate] 
Դ йŵ͵ص m3e [ͬ] 
?
mate
mate 2
AHD:[m3t] Ϸ 
D.J.[me!t]
K.K.[met]
n.ʣ
A checkmate.

v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
mat.ed,mat.ing,mates 
To checkmate or achieve a checkmate.
ʹʧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French mat [checkmated] 
Դ ŷ mat [] 
from Arabic m3t [dead] * see  checkmate 
Դ  m3t [] *μ checkmate

= =
material
ma.te.ri.al
AHD:[m-t?r?-l] 
D.J.[m*6t!*ri8*l]
K.K.[m*6t!ri*l]
n.ʣ
The substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made.
ϣԭϣû
Something, such as an idea or information, that is to be refined and made or incorporated into a finished effort:
زģϣϳһɵƷĳһϢ
material for a comedy.
ϲز
materials Tools or apparatus for the performance of a given task:
 materials þߡ豸ʹĳһĹ߻豸
writing materials.
д
Yard goods or cloth.
֯
A person who is qualified or suited for a position or activity:
ʵѡʸڻʺĳһְλˣ
The members of the board felt that she was vice-presidential material.
»ԱΪǸܲõ˲
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or composed of matter.
ʵģʵģʵģɵ
Of, relating to, or affecting physical well-being; bodily:
ģڡڻӰ彡ģģ
the moral and material welfare of all good citizens(Theodore Roosevelt)
ĵϺʵϵĺô(¶ࡤ˹)
Of or concerned with the physical as distinct from the intellectual or spiritual:
ģڻģ
Great men are they who see that spiritual is stronger than any material force, that thoughts rule the world(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
ΰЩΪǿҿ˼ͳˡ(ֶࡤĬɭ)
Being both relevant and consequential; crucial:
йϵģӦģҪģԵģ
testimony material to the inquiry.See Synonyms at relevant 
Ҫõ֤ʲμ relevant
Philosophy Of or relating to the matter of reasoning, rather than the form.
ѧ ֤ģ۵ģڻݵģʽ
?
Middle English [consisting of matter, material] 
йӢ [ԭɵ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin m33lis} 
Դ  m33lis} 
from Latin m3a [matter] * see  m3ter- 
Դ  m3a [] *μ m3ter- 
?
materialness
n.ʣ

= =
materialism
ma.te.ri.al.ism
AHD:[m-t?r?--l1zm] 
D.J.[m*6t!*ri8*7l!z*m]
K.K.[m*6t!ri*7l!z*m]
n.ʣ
Philosophy The theory that physical matter is the only reality and that everything, including thought, feeling, mind, and will, can be explained in terms of matter and physical 
phenomena.
ѧ Ψ壬ΨۣΪʵΨһʵڣ˼롢顢뷨ڵһоɴĽǶȽв
The theory or doctrine that physical well-being and worldly possessions constitute the greatest good and highest value in life.
ʵ壬壺Ϊϵĸ㡢ײӵмֵġõۻ
A great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
壺׷ǳֵĹ
?
materialist
n.ʣ
materialistic
adj.ݴʣ
materialistically
adv.ʣ

= =
mathematical
math.e.mat.i.cal
AHD:[m2th-m2t1-kl]  Ҳ math.e.mat.ic [-1k] 
D.J.[7m#G*6m#t!k*l] Ҳ math.e.mat.ic [-!k]
K.K.[7m#G*6m#t!k*l] Ҳ math.e.mat.ic [-!k]
adj.Abbr. math.ݴʣд math.
Of or relating to mathematics.
ѧģڻѧϵ
Precise; exact.
ȷģ׼ȷ
Absolute; certain.
Եģȷɵ
Possible according to mathematics but highly improbable:
ԼСģܸѧģкܸߵĲԣ
The team has only a mathematical chance to win the championship.
ӮùھĿԼС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin math?3lis} 
Դ  math?3lis} 
from Latin math?s 
Դ  math?s 
from Greek math?s 
Դ ϣ math?s 
from math?a  math?mat- [science, learning] 
Դ math?a  math?mat- [ѧ֪ʶ] 
from manthanein [to learn] * see  mendh- 
Դ manthanein [ѧϰ] *μ mendh- 
?
mathematically
adv.ʣ

= =
mathematics
math.e.mat.ics
AHD:[m2th-m2t1ks] 
D.J.[7m#G*6m#t!ks]
K.K.[7m#G*6m#t!ks]
n.(used with a sing. verb)ʣ뵥ã
The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities, using numbers and symbols.
ѧֺͷŶȡʺϵео
?
From Middle English mathematik 
Դ йӢ mathematik 
from Old French mathematique 
Դ ŷ mathematique 
from Latin math?a 
Դ  math?a 
from Greek math?? (tekhn?)} [mathematical (science)] [feminine of] math?matikos [mathematical] * see  mathematical 
Դ ϣ math?? (tekhn?)} [ѧģѧ]  [] math?matikosԴ [ѧ] *μ mathematical

= =
maths
maths
AHD:[m2ths] 
D.J.[m#Gs]
K.K.[m#Gs]
n.(used with a sing. verb)Chiefly British ʣ뵥ãӢ 
Mathematics.
ѧ

= =
matter
mat.ter
AHD:[m2tr] 
D.J.[6m#t*]
K.K.[6m#t+]
n.ʣ
Something that occupies space and can be perceived by one or more senses; a physical body, a physical substance, or the universe as a whole.
ʣռһռ䲢ܱһָֻо֪Ķʵ塢ʻ
Physics Something that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.
ѧ 壺Թ̬Һ̬̬ʽڵĶ
A specific type of substance:
ʵһضʽ
inorganic matter.
޻
Discharge or waste, such as pus or feces, from a living organism.
ųŧʺ
Philosophy In Aristotelian and Scholastic use, that which is in itself undifferentiated and formless and which, as the subject of change and development, receives form and becomes 
substance and experience.
ѧ ıʣݣ˹ѧɺѧ÷ΪصġεģΪ仯ͷչʽΪʵʺ
Christian Science That which is postulated by the mortal mind, regarded as illusion and as the opposite of substance or God:
̿ѧɡ þʶΪĻȷĶΪǻþʺϵۣ
Spirit is the real and eternal; matter is the unreal and temporal(Mary Baker Eddy)
ʵġģǲʵġݵġ(ˡ)
The substance of thought or expression as opposed to the manner in which it is stated or conveyed.
˼ıʣ˼άͱķʽ㣵˼ı
A subject of concern, feeling, or action:
ġΪĳߣ
matters of foreign policy; a personal matter.See Synonyms at subject 
⽻ߵ⣻˽²μ subject
Trouble or difficulty:
鷳ѣ
What's the matter with your car?
ĳʲôë?
An approximated quantity, amount, or extent:
ԼܶΧ
The construction will last a matter of years.
̽һ
Something printed or otherwise set down in writing:
ӡˢƷд֮
reading matter.
Ķ
Something sent by mail.
ʼʼĵĶ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
Composed type.
Ű
Material to be set in type.
ŵĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
mat.tered,mat.ter.ing,mat.ters 
To be of importance:
Ҫйϵ
Love is most nearly itself/When here and now cease to matter(T.S. Eliot)See Synonyms at count 1
ǰڿʼֹͣκ۰ɡ(T.S.)μ count1
?
as a matter of fact
In fact; actually.
ʵϣʵ
for that matter
So far as that is concerned; as for that.
ʹ˶ԣڴ
no matter
Regardless of:
ۣ
Yet there isn't a train I wouldn't take,/No matter where it's going(Edna St. Vincent Millay)
һ̤κһ𳵣ȥ(ȡʥɭء)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French matere 
Դ ŷ matere 
from Latin m3a * see  m3ter- 
Դ  m3a *μ m3ter- 

= =
mature
ma.ture
AHD:[m-ty?r, -t?r, -ch?r] 
D.J.[m*6tj&*, -6t&*, -6t.&*]
K.K.[m*6tj&r, -6t&r, -6t.&r]
adj.ݴʣ
ma.tur.er,ma.tur.est 
Having reached full natural growth or development:
ģѴﵽȫȻĳɳչ̶ȵģ
a mature cell.
ϸ
Having reached a desired or final condition; ripe:
ɵģģѴﵽյ״ģģ
a mature cheese.
ε
Of, relating to, or characteristic of full development, either mental or physical:
ģصģϷģ
mature for her age.
ص
Suitable or intended for adults:
ʺϳ˵ģ˵ģ
mature subject matter.
˿ǵ
Composed of adults:
ɵģ
a mature audience.
ȫǳ˵Ĺ
Worked out fully by the mind; considered:
˼ǵģܵģ
a mature plan of action.
˼ǵжƻ
Having reached the limit of its time; due:
ڵģӦ֧ģ
a mature bond.
ڵծȯ
No longer subject to great expansion or development. Used of an industry, a market, or a product.
ҵгƷȷչ״̬
Geology Having reached maximum development of form. Used of streams and landforms.
ѧ ׳ģģﵽչʽָ͵
v.ʣ
ma.tured,ma.tur.ing,ma.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to full development; ripen.
ʹɣʹ
To work out fully in the mind:

able to digest and mature my thoughts for my own mind only(John Stuart Mill)
Լ뷨صĿǡ(Լ˹ͼء׶)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To evolve toward or reach full development:
죬ɣȫչ״̬չﵽ״̬
The child's judgment matures as she grows older.
⺢ӵжó
To become due. Used of notes and bonds.
ڣƱݺծȯ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m3?rus} * see  m3- 1
Դ  m3?rus} *μ m3- 1
?
maturely
adv.ʣ
matureness
n.ʣ
?
mature,age,develop,ripen
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring or come to full development or maximum excellence: 
Щʹе˼ǡʹﵽԲķչ״ʹﵽ״̬ 
maturing the wines in vats;
Ͱｫ죻
aged the brandy for 100 years;
ش100ꣻ
developed the flavor slowly;
ϣ
fruits that were ripened on the vine. 
֦س˵ˮ 

= =
maximum
max.i.mum
AHD:[m2ks-mm] 
D.J.[6m#ks*m*m]
K.K.[6m#ks*m*m]
n.ʣ
 max.i.mums  max.i.ma [-m]  д max.
The greatest possible quantity or degree.
̶߳
The greatest quantity or degree reached or recorded; the upper limit of variation.
޶ȣޣﵽ¼̶߳ȣ޶
The time or period during which the highest point or degree is attained.
ʱڣﵽߵ̶ȵʱʱ
An upper limit permitted by law or other authority.
ģ߼ޣɻȨ
Astronomy 
ѧ 
The moment when a variable star is most brilliant.
ǵʱ
The magnitude of the star at such a moment.
ǼʱĹ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The greatest value assumed by a function over a given interval.
ֵڸڵĺֵ
The largest number in a set.
һ
adj.Abbr. max.ݴʣд max.
Having or being the greatest quantity or the highest degree that has been or can be attained:
ģߵģлΪɵõ̶߳ȵģ
maximum temperature.

Of, relating to, or making up a maximum:
ֵģɼֵģ
a maximum number in a series.
һڵ
?
Latin [from neuter of] maximus [greatest] * see  meg- 
  [] ԴmaximusԴ [] *μ meg- 

= =
may
may 1
AHD:[m3] 
D.J.[me!]
K.K.[me]
v.aux.ʣ
ȥʽ might[mot]  
To be allowed or permitted to:
ɣɣ
May I take a swim? Yes, you may.
ҿȥӾ?ǵģ
Used to indicate a certain measure of likelihood or possibility:
ԣڱʾܻƺҲĳȣ
It may rain this afternoon.
ܻ
Used to express a desire or fervent wish:
ϣڱԸףԸ
Long may he live!
Ը!
Used to express contingency, purpose, or result in clauses introduced bythat  or so that : 
ܹthat  so that ĴӾУʾ ĿĻ 
expressing ideas so that the average person may understand.
˼һ׵Ļ
To be obliged; must. Used in statutes, deeds, and other legal documents.See Usage Note at can 1
룺񣻱롣Լ֤вμ can1
?
Middle English [to be able] 
йӢ [ܹ] 
from Old English m?g [first and third person sing. of] magan [to be strong, be able] * see  magh- 
Դ Ӣ m?g  [] maganĵһ͵˳Ƶ [] *μ magh- 
?
may
may 2
AHD:[m3] 
D.J.[me!]
K.K.[me]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
The blossoms of the hawthorn.
ɽ髻»
?
French mai [hawthorn] 
 mai [ɽ] 
from Mai [May (so called because it blooms in May)] * see  May 
Դ Mai [»ɽ髻ʢʵô] *μ May
?
May
May
AHD:[m3] 
D.J.[me!]
K.K.[me]
n.ʣ
The fifth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.See table at calendar 
£һĵ²μ calendar
The springtime of life; youth.
ĳڣഺ
The celebration of May Day.
˷ڵĻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French Mai 
Դ ŷ Mai 
from Latin Maius (m?) [(the month) of Maia] 
Դ  Maius (m?) [ǣ£] 
from Maia [an Italic goddess] * see  meg- 
Դ Maia [Ů] *μ meg- 
?
May
MayCape
NONE޴ԣ
A peninsula of southern New Jersey between the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay. The southern tip formsCape May Point.  
÷ǣϲһ뵺λڴ֮䡣뵺϶˵γ÷  

= =
maybe
may.be
AHD:[m3b?] 
D.J.[6me!bi8]
K.K.[6mebi]
adv.ʣ
Perhaps; possibly.
Ҳ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
An uncertainty:
ȷԣ
There are so many maybes involved in playing the stock market.
Ʊгǣ浽ôĲ
An uncertain reply:
ȷĴ𸴣
It's better to receive a fast and honest no than a drawn-out maybe.
ɽʵʹľܾҲҪĴ

= =
mayor
may.or
AHD:[m3r, mar] 
D.J.[6me!*, me*]
K.K.[6me+, mWr]
n.ʣ
The head of government of a city, town, borough, or municipal corporation.
гһСл
?
Middle English maire 
йӢ maire 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin m3r 
Դ  m3r 
from Latin [greater, superior] * see  meg- 
Դ  [ģλϸߵ] *μ meg- 
?
mayoral
adj.ݴʣ
mayorship
n.ʣ

= =
me
me
AHD:[m?] 
D.J.[mi8]
K.K.[mi]
pron.ʣ
 Iıʽ 
Used as the direct object of a verb:
ңʵֱӱ
He assisted me.

Used as the indirect object of a verb:
ңʵļӱ
They offered me a ride.
Ҵ
Used as the object of a preposition:
ңʵı
This letter is addressed to me.
дҵ
Informal Used as a predicate nominative:
ʽ ң
It's me.See Usage Note at be See Usage Note at but See Usage Note at I 1
Ҳμ beμ butμ I1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m?} * see  me- 1
Դ Ӣ m?} *μ me- 1
?
ME
ME
abbr.
Also Me.  Maine. 
 Ҳ Me. Maine.
 Mechanical engineering. 
Mechanical engineering.
Mechanical engineer.
еʦ
 Medical examiner. 
Medical examiner.
 or Or M.E.  Middle English. 
   M.E. Middle English.

= =
meadow
mead.ow
AHD:[md?] 
D.J.[6med*&]
K.K.[6mWdo]
n.ʣ
A tract of grassland, either in its natural state or used as pasture or for growing hay.
ݵأԭʼ״ֲ̬ݵһƬݵ
?
Middle English medwe, medoue 
йӢ medwe, medoue 
from Old English m?e 
Դ Ӣ m?e 
from m?d [meadow] * see  m?- 4
Դ m?d [ݵ] *μ m?- 4
?
meadowy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
meal
meal 1
AHD:[m?l] 
D.J.[mi8l]
K.K.[mil]
n.ʣ
The edible whole or coarsely ground grains of a cereal grass.
ĥֲۣȫĥĿʳÿ
A granular substance produced by grinding.
ĥƳɵ״
?
Middle English mele 
йӢ mele 
from Old English melu * see  mel- 
Դ Ӣ melu *μ mel- 
?
meal
meal 2
AHD:[m?l] 
D.J.[mi8l]
K.K.[mil]
n.ʣ
The food served and eaten in one sitting.
ʳһͣһ͵ʳ
A customary time or occasion of eating food.
ͣʱ䣺ϰϵʱʱ
?
Middle English mele 
йӢ mele 
from Old English m?l * see  m?- 2
Դ Ӣ m?l *μ m?- 2

= =
mean
mean 1
AHD:[m?n] 
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
v.ʣ
meant[mnt] mean.ing,means 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be used to convey; denote:
˼ʾ
The question is, said Alice, whether youcan  make words mean so many different things (Lewis Carroll)
ǡ˹˵Ƿܹ ʹʻô಻ͬ˼ (˹޶)
To act as a symbol of; signify or represent:
ζΪ֣ʾ
In this poem, the budding flower means youth.
ʫУŵĻഺ
To intend to convey or indicate:
⣬ζ
No one means all he says, and yet very few say all they mean, for words are slippery and thought is viscous(Henry Adams)
û˵Ļȫı⣬ܰԼıȫ˵ΪֵıԺܺ˵˼ͣ͡(ǵ˹)
To have as a purpose or an intention; intend:
㣺ΪĿĻͼУƻ
I meant to go running this morning, but I overslept.
ҽ糿ȥܲ˯ͷ
To design, intend, or destine for a certain purpose or end:
ͼıͼΪضĿĻơԤ
a building that was meant for storage; a student who was meant to be a scientist.
ԤֿõĴ¥һעΪѧҵѧ
To have as a consequence; bring about:
ɣΪУ
Friction means heat.
Ħ
To have the importance or value of:
ҪԻֵ
The opinions of the critics meant nothing to him. She meant so much to me.
˵ǵûκ塣˵ôҪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have intentions of a specified kind; be disposed:
㣺ض⣻ã
She means well, despite her blunders.
ǺõģΪ֪˴
?
mean businessʽ
To be in earnest.
У
?
Middle English menen 
йӢ menen 
from Old English m?n [to tell of] * see  mei-no- 
Դ Ӣ m?n [] *μ mei-no- 
?
mean,denote,import,signify
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to convey a particular idea: 
Щʹе˼ǡĳض˼ 
what does the word serendipity mean? 
serendipity ʲô˼ 
  Pro-  may denote earlier or anterior.
 Pro-  ָЩڡ֮ǰ
Philadelphia is the city of brotherly love;
ѳǸֵ֮ĳУ
that is what its name imports.
Ǿе塣
A crown signifies royal power. 
ʹڱʾʼȨ 
?
mean
mean 2
AHD:[m?n] 
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
adj.ݴʣ
mean.er,mean.est 
Selfish in a petty way; unkind.
˽ģСģ
Cruel, spiteful, or malicious.
пġɶĻж
Ignoble; base:
ɵģ
a mean motive.
ɵĶ
Miserly; stingy.
˽ģĵ
Low in quality or grade; inferior.
Ʒʻȼӵģͼ
Low in value or amount; paltry:
ֵ͵ģ΢ģ
paid no mean amount for the new shoes.
˫Ь۸ǳ
Common or poor in appearance; shabby:
ƽƶģªģ
The rowhouses had been darkened by the rain and looked meaner and grimmer than ever(Anne Tyler)
һŷݱˮʪȥǰƾˡ(ݡ̩)
Low in social status; of humble origins.
λµģ΢
Humiliated or ashamed.
ģ
In poor physical condition; sick or debilitated.
岻õģвģ
Extremely unpleasant or disagreeable:
˵ģģ
The meanest storm in years.
Щı
Informal Ill-tempered.
ʽ Ƣ
Slang 
ٵ 
Hard to cope with; difficult or troublesome:
ѶԸģѵĻ鷳ģ
He throws a mean fast ball.
һֿӦ
Excellent; skillful:
ɫģģ
She plays a mean game of bridge.
ƴ÷ǳɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gem?e [common] * see  mei- 1
Դ Ӣ gem?e [ͨģƽ] *μ mei- 1
?
meanly
adv.ʣ
?
mean,low,base,abject,ignoble,sordid
These adjectives mean lacking in the elevation or dignity or falling short of the standards befitting human beings.
Щݴʶȱϻ򲻷ĵ±׼ĺ塣
 Mean  suggests pettiness;it may also connote traits such as spite or niggardliness: 
 Mean  խĺ壬ͬʱҲָжģ 
chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort (Shakespeare). 
խҰı͸ ɯʿǣ 
Never ascribe to an opponent motives meaner than your own (J.M. Barrie).Somethinglow violates standards of morality, ethics, or propriety:  
ǧҪͱԼĶ񶾵Ķֽ (J.M.Low ˣ£Υ¡òı׼  
low cunning;
ӵĽթ
a low trick.
ӵĶ硣
Base  suggests a contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish lack of human decency: 
Base  ָ˼뱰ɣӣȱ 
that liberal obedience, without which your army would be a base rabble (Edmund Burke).
ĸԸķӣûǵľӽһȺɵں֮ڡ ɡˣ
 Abject  means brought low in condition; it often indicates starkness or hopelessness: 
 Abject  ָϿᡢ״̬µµıΪ 
abject submission;
ɱɵ
abject poverty.
ɱɵƶ
Ignoble  means lacking those qualities, such as elevated moral character, that give human beings distinction of mind and soul: 
Ignoble  ָȱЩʹ˼롢;߹Ʒܸߵĵˮ׼ 
For my part I think it a less evil that some criminals should escape than that the government should play an ignoble part (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
ңΪһЩﷸӱݲʽɫлҪᡱ Сĵ¶ķ
 Sordid  suggests foul, repulsive degradation: 
 Sordid  ʾıɣ 
It is through art . . . that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence (Oscar Wilde).
ʹܹܿʵ籰ɡΣա ˹£
?
mean
mean 3
AHD:[m?n] 
D.J.[mi8n]
K.K.[min]
n.ʣ
Something having a position, quality, or condition midway between extremes; a medium.
еȣλáƷʡϴмģӹʶ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A number that typifies a set of numbers, such as a geometric mean or an arithmetic mean.
һһ缸
The average value of a set of numbers.
ƽֵ
Logic The middle term in a syllogism.
߼ѧ ۵
means (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A method, a course of action, or an instrument by which an act can be accomplished or an end achieved.
 means 뵥ãֶΣһжȡһķֶλ򹤾
means (used with a pl. verb)
 means 븴ã
Money, property, or other wealth:
ǮƲ
You ought to live within your means.
ӦΪ
Great wealth:
޴Ƹ
a woman of means.

adj.ݴʣ
Occupying a middle or intermediate position between two extremes.
еģмģӹ
Intermediate in size, extent, quality, time, or degree; medium.
еȵģ֮ռмλõģе
?
by all means
Without fail; certainly.
ȻȻ
by any means
In any way possible; in any case:
þֿܵİ취Σ
not by any means an easy opponent.
Ҳһ׵Ķ
by means of
With the use of; owing to:
ʹãڣ
They succeeded by means of patience and sacrifice.
ǿĺȡ˳ɹ
by no means
In no sense; certainly not:
ûУ
This remark by no means should be taken lightly.
ν֮ܵ
?
Middle English mene [middle] 
йӢ mene [м] 
from Old French meien 
Դ ŷ meien 
from Latin medi3s 
Դ  medi3s 
from medius * see  medhyo- 
Դ medius *μ medhyo- 
?
In the sense of financial resourcesmeans  takes a plural verb:  
ڡԴϣmeans ʹõǸ  
His means are more than adequate. 
ĲƸ´ࡣ 
In the sense of a way to an endmeans  may be treated as either a singular or plural. It is singular when referring to a particular strategy or method: 
ӡֶΡϽmeans ȿǵҲǸ ָǸķǵ 
The best means of securing the cooperation of the builders is to appeal to their self-interest. 
֤֮ð취ǵĸ档 
It is plural when it refers to a group of strategies or methods: 
ָһ鷽Ǹ 
The most effective means for dealing with the drug problem have generally been those suggested by the affected communities.  
ԸƷЧİ취ЩܵƷӰṩġ  
Means is most often followed by of :  
Means 泣 of   
a means of noise reduction. 
İ취 
Butfor, to,  and toward  are also used:  
Ҳforto  toward   
a means for transmitting signals;
źŵֶΣ
a means to an end;
ﵽĳĿĵֶΣ
a means toward achieving social equality. 
Ϊʵȶȡֶ 

= =
meaning
mean.ing
AHD:[m?n1ng] 
D.J.[6mi8n!0]
K.K.[6min!0]
n.ʣ
Something that is conveyed or signified; sense or significance.
˼壺˼
Something that one wishes to convey, especially by language:
⣬֮⣺Ҫ˼ָͨԣ
The writer's meaning was obscured by his convoluted prose.
ߵ˼ɬڸ
An interpreted goal, intent, or end:
⣬ͼĿ꣺
The central meaning of his pontificate is to restore papal authority(Conor Cruise O'Brien)
ְ̻ʵͼҪָ̻Ȩ(ɡ³˹²)
Inner significance:
ں֮
But who can comprehend the meaning of the voice of the city?(O. Henry)
˭ں?(ŷ)
adj.ݴʣ
Full of meaning; expressive.
ζģζ
Disposed or intended in a specified manner. Often used in combination:
ģһضķʽû㡣ʹã
a well-meaning fellow; ill-meaning intentions.
һĻƣͼ
?
meaning,acceptation,import,sense,significance,signification
The central meaning shared by these nouns is the idea that is conveyed by something, such as a word, an action, a gesture, or a situation: 
Щʹе˼ǡͨԡΪƻεֳĺ塱 
Synonyms are words that have the same or approximately the same meaning.
ָͬͬƺĴʡ
In one of its acceptations value is a technical term in music. 
һͨϣvalue Ǹרŵ 
The import of his statement is ambiguous.
˼ȷ
The term anthropomorphism  has only one sense. 
anthropomorphism ֻһ˼ 
The significance of a green traffic light is generally understood.
ͨɫͨƵĺ塣
Scientists have been unable to determine the signification of most Etruscan inscriptions. 
ѧһֱ޷ȷ³˵Ŀӡֵ˼ 

= =
meantime
mean.time
AHD:[m?ntom] 
D.J.[6mi8n7ta!m]
K.K.[6min7ta!m]
n.ʣ
The time between one occurrence and another; an interval.
ʱ䣺һһּʱ䣻
adv.ʣ
During a period of intervening time; meanwhile.
ڼʱڣͬʱ
?
Meantime  is more common than meanwhile  as a noun:  
meantime Ϊʱ meanwhile Ϊձ飺  
In the meantime we waited. 
ʱȴš 
As an adverbmeantime  is less common than meanwhile :  
Ϊmeantime  meanwhile ձ飺  
Meanwhile we waited. 
ͬʱǵȺš 
All of these uses are standard, however.
Щ÷Ǳ׼

= =
meanwhile
mean.while
AHD:[m?nhwol, -wol] 
D.J.[6mi8n7hwa!l, -7wa!l]
K.K.[6min7hwa!l, -7wa!l]
n.ʣ
The intervening time.
ʱ
adv.ʣ
During or in the intervening time:
ڼʱڣ
Meanwhile, life goes on.
ڴڼ䣬Ϣ
At the same time:
ͬʱ
The court is deliberating; meanwhile, we must be patient.See Usage Note at meantime 
ͥ飻ʱڣǱҪСĲμ meantime

= =
measurable
meas.ur.a.ble
AHD:[mzhr--bl] 
D.J.[6me9*r*b*l]
K.K.[6mW9*r*b*l]
adj.Abbr. meas.ݴʣд meas.
Possible to be measured:
ܹģ
measurable depths.
ɲ
Of distinguished importance; significant:
Ҫģشģֵעģ
a measurable figure in literature.
ѧһֵע
?
measurability
n.ʣ
measurably
adv.ʣ

= =
measure
meas.ure
AHD:[mzhr] 
D.J.[6me9*]
K.K.[6mW9+]
n.Abbr. meas.ʣд meas.
Dimensions, quantity, or capacity as ascertained by comparison with a standard.
ñ׼Ƚȷĳߴ硢
A reference standard or sample used for the quantitative comparison of properties:
׼ȽϵĲο׼ģ
The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass.
׼ǧǲ
A unit specified by a scale, such as an inch, or by variable conditions, such as a day's march.
λÿ̶ȻһĲȷĵλӢ硢Сʱ
A system of measurement, such as the metric system.
ƣ繫
A device used for measuring.

The act of measuring.

An evaluation or a basis of comparison:
׼߶ȣȽϵĹۻ
the final measure of the worth of a society(Joseph Wood Krutch)See Synonyms at standard 
Ƹչ۳߶ȡ(Լɪ¡³)μ standard
Extent or degree:
Χ̶ȣ
The problem was in large measure caused by his carelessness.
ں̶ܴĴɵ
A definite quantity that has been measured out:
̶֪Ѿȷ
a measure of wine.
ľ
A fitting amount:
ʶȣ
a measure of recognition.
ʶȵϿ
A limited amount or degree:
޶ȣִ磺
a measure of good-will.
зִ
Limit; bounds:
޶ȣޣ
generosity knowing no measure.
޵Ŀ
Appropriate restraint; moderation:
ʶȽƣͣ
The union of . . . fervor with measure, passion with correctness, this surely is the ideal(William James)
ȼʶȵĽƣȷԣضġ(ղķ˹)
Often measures An action taken as a means to an end; an expedient:
  measures ֶΣԣΪֶβȡжȨ֮ƣ
desperate measures.
עһİ취
A legislative bill or enactment.
ɹ涨
Poetic meter.
ʫģɣ
Music The metric unit between two bars on the staff; a bar.
֡ ӣС
v.ʣ
meas.ured,meas.ur.ing,meas.ures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ascertain the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of:
ȷСߴ硢
measured the height of the ceiling.
컨ĸ߶
To mark, lay out, or establish dimensions for by measuring:
֣ͨȷߴ硢С
measure off an area.
һĴС
To estimate by evaluation or comparison:
ͨƻȽϽй
I gave them an account . . . of the situation as far as I could measure it(Winston S. Churchill)
ҾԼܹϵΪһ(˹S.𼪶)
To bring into comparison:
Ƚϣ
She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.
ԼΣյĵֽн
To mark off or apportion, usually with reference to a given unit of measurement:
ƳֳֳͨοһĲλ
measure out a pint of milk.
һƷţ
To allot or distribute as if by measuring; mete:
䣻裺ͨ򷢲䣺
The revolutionary tribunal measured out harsh justice.
ͥķƲ
To serve as a measure of:
ļλ
The inch measures length.
ӢǳȵĲλ
To consider or choose with care; weigh:
Ȩ⣬ã
He measures his words with caution.
ϸ־
Archaic To travel over:
 ǰһξ룩
We must measure twenty miles today(Shakespeare)
ҽ20Ӣ(ɯʿ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a measurement of:
ǣ
The room measures 12 by 20 feet.
1220Ӣ
To take a measurement.
⣩
To allow of measurement:
ڲ
White sugar measures more easily than brown.
ǱȺڲ
?
measure up
To be the equal of.
൱ڣͬ
To have the necessary qualifications:
ϸ񣬷ϱ׼
a candidate who just didn't measure up.
ϱ׼ĺѡ
?
beyond measure
In excess.

Without limit.
޶ȣ޿ɹ
for good measure
In addition to the required amount.
⣺Ҫ
in a measure 
in some measure
To a degree:
ĳ̶ֳϣ
The new law was in a measure harmful.
µķĳ̶ֳ˵к
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French mesure 
Դ ŷ mesure 
from Latin m??ra} 
Դ  m??ra} 
from m?s [past participle of] m?toro [to measure] * see  m?- 2
Դ m?s  [] m?toroĹȥִ [] *μ m?- 2
?
measurer
n.ʣ

= =
measurement
meas.ure.ment
AHD:[mzhr-mnt] 
D.J.[6me9*m*nt]
K.K.[6mW9*m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of measuring or the process of being measured.
̻Ϊ
A system of measuring:
ƶȣ
measurement in miles.
ӢĶƶ
The dimension, quantity, or capacity determined by measuring:
õĳߴ硢ȣ
the measurements of a room.


= =
meat
meat
AHD:[m?t] 
D.J.[mi8t]
K.K.[mit]
n.ʣ
The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or poultry.
ʳõģ⣺ʳ⣬ָݲͬģ鶯
The edible part, as of a piece of fruit or a nut.
⣺ˮҵȼĿʳ
The essence, substance, or gist:
Ҫּʵʣݣ
the meat of the editorial.
۵
Slang Something that one enjoys or excels in; a forte:
ٵ سóɵ飻سר
Tennis is his meat.
ר
Nourishment; food:
ϣʳ
Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink(Edna St. Vincent Millay)
һУʳҲϡ(ȡʥɭء)
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
meat products; a meat market.
Ʒ
?
Middle English mete 
йӢ mete 
from Old English [food] 
Դ Ӣ [ʳ] 

= =
mechanic
me.chan.ic
AHD:[m1-k2n1k] 
D.J.[m!6k#n!k]
K.K.[m!6k#n!k]
n.ʣ
A worker skilled in making, using, or repairing machines, vehicles, and tools.
칤ڻеߵ졢ʹúϺܾͨ
?
From Middle English [mechanical] 
Դ йӢ [е] 
from Old French mecanique 
Դ ŷ mecanique 
from Latin m?s 
Դ  m?s 
from Greek m?s 
Դ ϣ m?s 
from m??} [machine, device] * see  magh- 
Դ m??} [ее] *μ magh- 
?
mechanic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
mechanical
me.chan.i.cal
AHD:[m1-k2n1-kl] 
D.J.[m!6k#n!k*l]
K.K.[m!6k#n!k*l]
adj.Abbr. mech.ݴʣд mech.
Of or relating to machines or tools:
еģߵģ
mechanical skill.
еļ
Operated or produced by a mechanism or machine:
Ƶģɻеݻģ
a mechanical toy dog.
߹
Of, relating to, or governed by mechanics.
еѧģڡڻеѧĻƵ
Performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike manner; automatic:
еģģԴеķʽֵֻģеģ
a droning, mechanical delivery of the speech.
һƪͳ˵
Relating to, produced by, or dominated by physical forces:
ģģģݵģ
the mechanical aspect of trumpet playing.
Сŵ
Philosophy Interpreting and explaining the phenomena of the universe by referring to causally determined material forces; mechanistic.
ѧ е۵ģϵĸ
Of or relating to manual labor, its tools, and its skills.
ֹģֹߵģֹܵ
n.Printing ʣӡˢ 
A layout consisting of type proofs, artwork, or both, exactly positioned and prepared for making an offset or other printing plate.
ƣɻУͼƬ߹ͬɵıţʽӡˢ
?
mechanically
adv.ʣ
mechanicalness
n.ʣ

= =
mechanics
me.chan.ics
AHD:[m1-k2n1ks] 
D.J.[m!6k#n!ks]
K.K.[m!6k#n!ks]
n.Abbr. mech.ʣд mech.
(used with a sing. verb)The branch of physics that is concerned with the analysis of the action of forces on matter or material systems.
뵥ãѧѧһ֧оϵͳ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Design, construction, and use of machinery or mechanical structures.
뵥ãеѧеߵơʹ
(used with a pl. verb)The functional and technical aspects of an activity:
븴ãգĳֻĻ뼼
The mechanics of football are learned with practice.
ͨϰѧ

= =
mechanism
mech.a.nism
AHD:[mk-n1zm] 
D.J.[6mek*7n!z*m]
K.K.[6mWk*7n!z*m]
n.Abbr. mech.ʣд mech.
A machine or mechanical appliance.
еװ
The arrangement of connected parts in a machine.
еװ֮زֵ
A system of parts that operate or interact like those of a machine:
еϵͳת໥õϵͳ
the mechanism of the solar system.
̫ϵĻеϵͳ
An instrument or a process, physical or mental, by which something is done or comes into being:
취;ĳĹ߻̻̣
The mechanism of oral learning is largely that of continuous repetition(T.G.E. Powell)
ѧϰں̶ܴ˵ǽвϵظ(T.G.E.)
A habitual manner of acting to achieve an end.
ַɣΪﵽһĿĶȡϰߵж
Biology The involuntary and consistent response of an organism to a given stimulus.
ѧ ӦܵĴ̼ʶᷴӦ
Psychology A usually unconscious mental and emotional pattern that dominates behavior in a given situation or environment:
ѧ ״̬ض򻷾пΪͨʶľ״̬
a defense mechanism.
䱸״̬
The sequence of steps in a chemical reaction.
ѧӦģ̣ѧӦһϵв
Philosophy The doctrine that all natural phenomena are explicable by material causes and mechanical principles.
ѧ еۣһѧѧ˵ΪһȻԭͻеԭ
?
New Latin m?s 
ִ m?s 
from Late Latin m?a 
Դ  m?a 
from Greek m??} [machine] * see  mechanic 
Դ ϣ m??} [] *μ mechanic

= =
medal
med.al
AHD:[mdl] 
D.J.[6medl]
K.K.[6mWd1]
n.ʣ
A flat piece of metal stamped with a design or an inscription commemorating an event or a person, often given as an award.
£Ͽͼ֣Լһ¼һ˵һƽƬͨΪһֽƷ
A piece of metal stamped with a religious device, used as an object of veneration or commemoration.
ʥƣڽ̱־һƬ
v.ʣ
med.aled Ҳ med.alled med.al.ing Ҳ med.al.ling med.als med.als  ʽ 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To win a medal, as in a sports contest:
񽱣Ӯһö£һУ
We were the first Americans to medal(Jill Watson)
ǵһýµˡ(ɭ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To award a medal to.
轱
?
French mdaille 
 mdaille 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Italian medaglia [coin worth half a denarius, medal] 
Դ  medaglia [һöֵʿӲңƬ] 
from Vulgar Latin *med3a [coins worth half a denarius] 
Դ  *med3a [ֵʿӲ] 
from Late Latin medi3a [little halves] [from neuter pl. of] medi3lis [of the middle, medial] * see  medial 
Դ  medi3a [С벿]  [] Դmedi3lisԸ [мģе] *μ medial
?
medallic
AHD:[m-d2l1k] ݴʣ

= =
media
media 1
AHD:[m?d?-] 
D.J.[6mi8di8*]
K.K.[6midi*]
n.ʣ
A plural of medium See Usage Note at medium 
 mediumĸμ medium
?
media
media 2
AHD:[m?d?-] 
D.J.[6mi8di8*]
K.K.[6midi*]
n.ʣ
Linguistics See  medial 
ѧ μ  medial 
The middle, often muscular layer of the wall of a blood vessel.
ĤͨѪܱڵм
?
Late Latin 
 
from Latin [feminine of Latin] medius [middle] * see  medium 
Դ   [] mediusԴ [м] *μ medium
?
Media
Me.di.a
AHD:[m?d?-] 
D.J.[6mi8di8*]
K.K.[6midi*]
NONE޴ԣ
An ancient country of southwest Asia in present-day northwest Iran. Settled by an Indo-European people, it became part of the Assyrian Empire and was conquered c. 550b.c.  by Cyrus 
the Great, who added it to the Persian Empire. 
׵ǣϲһŹλڽʵùΪһӡŷ䡣ùڹԪǰ 550걻³ʿӶ䲢벨˹۹֮ 
?
Median
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ

= =
mediate
me.di.ate
AHD:[m?d?-3t] 
D.J.[6mi8di87e!t]
K.K.[6midi7et]
v.ʣ
me.di.at.ed,me.di.at.ing,me.di.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the conflicting parties:
ͣڳͻ֮Խͻ
mediate a labor-management dispute.
ͣһͶϵ
To bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with all the conflicting parties.
ͨӼͣжԴﵽ磬Ľ
To effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism.
תΪмýùͻ򴫵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To intervene between two or more disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise.
⣺ڳͻ˫෽֮ʹǴЭ顢ҵ취Э
To settle or reconcile differences.
ͽ⣺ˣʹͬĹ۵̬Э
To have a relation to two differing persons or things.
ͻ˻﷢ϵ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
Acting through, involving, or dependent on an intervening agency.
ӵģͨһмýлģǣ浽мýģмý
Being in a middle position.
мλõ
?
Late Latin medi3e  medi3t- [to be in the middle] 
 medi3e  medi3t- [м] 
from Latin medius [middle] * see  medhyo- 
Դ  medius [м] *μ medhyo- 
?
mediately
AHD:[-1t-l?] ʣ

= =
medical
med.i.cal
AHD:[md1-kl] 
D.J.[6med!k*l]
K.K.[6mWd!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the study or practice of medicine.
ҽѧģҽѧģҽƵģйص
Requiring treatment by medicine.
ƵģҪڿƵ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A thorough physical examination.
飺׵
?
Medieval Latin medic3s 
 medic3s 
from Latin medicus [physician] 
Դ  medicus [ڿҽ] 
from med?o} [to heal] * see  med- 
Դ med?o} [] *μ med- 
?
medically
adv.ʣ

= =
medicine
med.i.cine
AHD:[md1-s1n] 
D.J.[6med!s!n]
K.K.[6mWd!s!n]
n.Abbr. med.ʣд med.
The science of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease and other damage to the body or mind.
ҽѧйϡƻԤ֮˵Ŀѧ
The branch of this science encompassing treatment by drugs, diet, exercise, and other nonsurgical means.
ڿѧҽѧоҩơʳơ˶ƼƵķ֧
The practice of medicine.
ҽʵ
An agent, such as a drug, used to treat disease or injury.
ҩҩƼ˵Լһҩ
Something, such as corrective discipline or punishment, that is unpleasant but necessary or unavoidable.
ҩĳ˲ĵȴĻ򲻿ɱĶԳͷ
Shamanistic practices or beliefs, especially among Native Americans.
ָӡڰ˵̻
Something, such as a ritual practice or sacred object, believed to control natural or supernatural powers or serve as a preventive or remedy.
ħΪǿȻȻĶǿΪԤҩĶڽʽʥ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a medicine cabinet; medicine bottles.
ҩҩƿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin medicoa [from feminine of] mediconus [of a doctor] 
Դ  medicoa  [] ԴmediconusԴ [ҽ] 
from medicus [physician] * see  medical 
Դ medicus [ҽʦ] *μ medical

= =
medieval
medieval Ҳ me.di.ae.val
AHD:[m?d?-?vl, md?-] 
D.J.[7mi8di86i8v*l, 7medi8-]
K.K.[7midi6iv*l, 7mWdi-]
adj.Abbr. med.,M.ݴʣд med.,M.
Relating or belonging to the Middle Ages.
͵ģڻ͵
Informal Old-fashioned; unenlightened:
ʽ ʽģģ
parents with a medieval attitude toward dating.
ĸԼؾ̬
?
From New Latin medium aevum [the middle age] 
Դ ִ medium aevum [] 
Latin [neuter of] medius [middle] * see  medhyo- 
  [] medius [м] *μ medhyo- 
Latin aevum [age] * see  aiw- 
 aevum [ʱ] *μ aiw- 
?
medievally
adv.ʣ

= =
mediterranean
med.i.ter.ra.ne.an
AHD:[md1-t-r3n?-n, -r3nyn] 
D.J.[7med!t*6re!ni8*n, -6re!nj*n]
K.K.[7mWd!t*6reni*n, -6renj*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Surrounded nearly or completely by dry land. Used of large bodies of water, such as lakes or seas.
кģ½Χȫ½Χġָϴˮ壬
?
Latin mediterr3s [inland] 
 mediterr3s [½] 
medius [middle] * see  medhyo- 
medius [м] *μ medhyo- 
terra [land] * see  ters- 
terra [½] *μ ters- 
?
When one hears the wordmediterranean,  one thinks of a specific placeand perhaps of the great cultures that have surrounded it.But the word can also apply to any large body of water 
that is surrounded completely or almost completely by dry land.This usage goes back to the use in Late Latin of the Latin wordmediterr3,  the source of our word,as part of the 
nameMediterr3e  for the mostly landlocked Mediterranean Sea. But Latinmediterr3,  which is derived from medius,  the middle of, the heart of, and terra,  land, in Classical 
Latin actually meant remote from the coast, inland.In Late Latin,in referring to the sea,mediterr3s  probably meant originally in the middle of the earthrather than surrounded 
by land,for to the Mediterranean cultures without knowledge of much of the earth,the Mediterranean Sea was in the center of the world.Our wordmediterranean  is first recorded in 
English in 1594 as the name of the sea.
һ˵mediterranean ʱ 뵽һĵطҿܻ뵽طΧЩΰָͬκμ½Χȫ½
ΧĴˮ塣÷׷ݵmediterraneus ʣ ʵĴԴ༴󲿷ֱ½ΧĵкMediterraneum mare ɲ
֡ mediterraneus  medius ΪмģġģԼΪ½ء terra ʣ ڹŵеȷкΪԶ뺣ģ½ġ
ڽУmediterraneus ָкʱ ĺǡڵġǡ½ΧġΪȱйص֪ʶĸк˵
кġ˵Ӣﵥmediterranean 1594ӢУ Ҳָк
?
Mediterranean
Med.i.ter.ra.ne.an
AHD:[md1-t-r3n?-n] д Medit.
D.J.[7med!t*6re!ni8*n]
K.K.[7mWd!t*6reni*n]
NONE޴ԣ
The region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Some of the most ancient civilizations flourished in the region, which was dominated for millenniums by Phoenicia, Carthage, Greece, 
Sicily, and Rome.
кذкΧĵһЩϵﷱʢһȺΪˡ̫ˡϣˡԼͳ
?
Mediterranean
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ

= =
medium
me.di.um
AHD:[m?d?-m] 
D.J.[6mi8di8*m]
K.K.[6midi*m]
n.ʣ
 me.di.a[-d?-]   me.di.ums  д med.,m.,M.
Something, such as an intermediate course of action, that occupies a position or represents a condition midway between extremes.
м䣬ӹмλû״̬Ķһжм
An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on.
ʣýܴͨݻĳн
An agency by which something is accomplished, conveyed, or transferred:
ý飬ֶΣͨɡתĳĶ
The train was the usual medium of transportation in those days.
ڵʱձ乤
pl. media Usage Problem 
 media ÷ѡ 
A means of mass communication, such as newpapers, magazines, radio, or television.
ڴýڴֶΣ籨ֽ־㲥
media (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The group of journalists and others who constitute the communications industry and profession.
 media 뵥ãҵߣɴýҵýְҵһȺżߺ
pl. mediums A person thought to have the power to communicate with the spirits of the dead or with agents of another world or dimension.Also called  psychic 
 mediums ýߣΪߵһռнҲ  psychic
pl. media 
 media 
A surrounding environment in which something functions and thrives.
ĳûɳ֮ⲿ
The substance in which a specific organism lives and thrives.
ĳлɳе
A culture medium.

A specific kind of artistic technique or means of expression as determined by the materials used or the creative methods involved:
ɣߣòϻԷֵļɻֶΣ
the medium of lithography.
ʯӡˢļ
The materials used in a specific artistic technique:
ʣضõĲϣ
oils as a medium.
ͲΪ
A solvent with which paint is thinned to the proper consistency.
ܽҺչɫϡŨȵϡҺ
Chemistry A filtering substance, such as filter paper.
ѧ ˲ϣйõĲϣֽ
A size of paper, usually 18  23 inches or 17?  22 inches.
кųߴ磺ֽŵĳߴ磬ͨΪ1823Ӣ17? 22Ӣ
adj.Abbr. med.,m.,M.ݴʣд med.,m.,M.
Occurring or being between two degrees, amounts, or quantities; intermediate:
еȵģмģڳ̶ȡмģмģ
broil a medium steak.See Synonyms at average 
һ鲻ϲ۵ţŲμ average
?
Latin [from neuter of] medius [middle] * see  medhyo- 
  [] ԴmediusԴ [м] *μ medhyo- 
?
The etymologically plural formmedia  is often used as a singular to refer to a particular means of communication,as inThis is the most exciting new media since television.  This usage 
is widely regarded as incorrect;medium  is preferred. A stronger case can be made in defense of the use ofmedia  as a collective term, as inThe media has not shown much interest in 
covering the issue.  As with the analogous wordsdata  and agenda,  the originally plural form has begun to acquire a sense that departs from that of the singular: used as a collective 
term,media  denotes an industry or community. Thus the example sentence given here would not be appropriately paraphrased asNo medium has shown much interest in covering the 
issue,  which suggests that the disinclination abides in the means of communication itselfrather than in its practitioners.Ifmedia  follows the pattern of data  and agenda,  this singular 
use may become entirely acceptable someday.But despite its utility,many people still regard it as a grammatical error.
Դʽmedia  ֶָеĳһ֣Եӳĵʽý ľС ˶Ϊһ÷ǲȷģǻϲ
medium һʽ ΪΪmedia Ϊʵ÷б绤 ľӣڴýڱһ¼ûбֳȤ  ԭΪ
ʽdata  agenda Ѿʼ䵥ʽĺ壺 ʵmedia ָҵͬ塣 ĻǸղŸͲܸĳ
ʽûдýԱһ¼ֳܴȤ  ΪĶ仰ʾǴ߱ĲԸ⣬ҵߵĲԸ⡣media Ҳ data  agenda  ô
Ϊʽ÷һᱻȫܵġǲʵԴСԽΪһ﷨

= =
meet
meet 1
AHD:[m?t] 
D.J.[mi8t]
K.K.[mit]
v.ʣ
met[mt] meet.ing,meets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come upon by chance or arrangement.
˻򾭰Ŷ
To be present at the arrival of:
ϣڡʱڳ
met the train.
ϻ
To be introduced to.
ܸ
To come into conjunction with; join:
롭ӣϣ
where the sea meets the sky.
֮
To come into the company or presence of, as for a conference.
̸һϯ翪ʱ
To come to the notice of (the senses):
й٣ע⵽
There is more here than meets the eye.
㿴Ļ
To experience; undergo:
ܣ
met his fate with courage.
¸ҵ
To deal with; oppose:
Ӧ롭ս
We have met the enemy and they are ours(Oliver Hazard Perry)
˻սսʤˡ(¡)
To cope or contend effectively with:
Чش
meet each problem as it arises.
ÿֵ
To come into conformity with the views, wishes, or opinions of:
ﵽҪ󣺾͹۵㡢Ըȡһ£
The firm has done its best to meet us on that point.
˾ǷѾŬǵҪ
To satisfy (a need, for example); fulfill:
㣨Ҫʵ֣
meet all the conditions in the contract.See Synonyms at satisfy 
Ϻͬеμ satisfy
To pay; settle:
֧
enough money to meet expenses.
֧֧㹻Ǯ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together:
棺
Let's meet tonight.
ǽ
To come into conjunction; be joined:
᣻ϣ
East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet(Rudyard Kipling)
Ƕᡱ(³ŵ¡)
To come together as opponents; contend.
սж˫ս
To become introduced.

To assemble.

To experience or undergo. Used withwith : 
ܡwith ã 
The housing bill met with approval.
ס鰸ͨ
To occur together, especially in one person or entity:
ͬʱͬʱָһ˻ʵУ
The hopes and fears of all the years/Are met in thee tonight(Phillips Brooks)
Щеϣ־/ͬʱϡ(˹³˹)
n.ʣ
A meeting or contest, especially an athletic competition.
˶ָ˶
?
meet (someone) halfway
To make a compromise with.
롭Э
?
Middle English meten 
йӢ meten 
from Old English m?n 
Դ Ӣ m?n 
?
meet
meet 2
AHD:[m?t] 
D.J.[mi8t]
K.K.[mit]
adj.ݴʣ
Fitting; proper:
ʵģʵģ
It seems not meet, nor wholesome to my place(Shakespeare)See Synonyms at fit 1
ǿȥʣҲط(ɯʿ)μ fit1
?
Middle English mete 
йӢ mete 
from Old English gem?e * see  med- 
Դ Ӣ gem?e *μ med- 
?
meetly
adv.ʣ

= =
meeting
meet.ing
AHD:[m?t1ng] 
D.J.[6mi8t!0]
K.K.[6mit!0]
n.Abbr. mtg.ʣд mtg.
The act or process or an instance of coming together; an encounter.
ϣἯһж̣
An assembly or a gathering of people, as for a business, social, or religious purpose.
飬᣺һȺΪ̸ҵ⡢ڽϵһ
?
meeting of the minds
Agreement; concord.
Э飻ЭԼ

= =
melody
mel.o.dy
AHD:[ml-d?] 
D.J.[6mel*di8]
K.K.[6mWl*di]
n.ʣ
 mel.o.dies 
A pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds.

Musical quality:
ԣ
the melody of verse.
ʫ
Music 
֡ 
A rhythmically organized sequence of single tones so related to one another as to make up a particular phrase or idea.
ɣڽϵıţʹ֮໥ϵһ־
Structure with respect to the arrangement of single notes in succession.
γɵɵԪɴɵĽṹ
The leading part or the air in a harmonic composition.
ɣ֮Ҫ
A poem suitable for setting to music or singing.
ڸ質ʫΪ֮ݳʫ
?
Middle English melodie 
йӢ melodie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin mel?a 
Դ  mel?a 
from Greek mel?a [singing choral song] 
Դ ϣ mel?a [ϳģʫ] 
melos [tune] 
melos [] 
aoid?} [song] * see  wed- 2
aoid?} [] *μ wed- 2

= =
melon
mel.on
AHD:[mln] 
D.J.[6mel*n]
K.K.[6mWl*n]
n.ʣ
Any of several varieties of two related vines(Cucumis melo  or Citrullus lanatus)  widely cultivated for their edible fruit. 
㷺ֲȡʳ֮ʵ໥ϵĹ  ϣ  
The fruit of any of these plants, having a hard rind and juicy flesh.
ϣϣֹ֮ʵмӲĹƤͶ֭ȿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin m??}  m?l?n- 
Դ  m??}  m?l?n- 
short for Latin m??} 
  m??ļд} 
from Greek m??n} 
Դ ϣ m??n} 
m?n [apple] 
m?n [ƻ] 
pep?n [gourd] 
pep?n [«] 

= =
melt
melt
AHD:[mlt] 
D.J.[melt]
K.K.[mWlt]
v.ʣ
melt.ed,melt.ing,melts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be changed from a solid to a liquid state by application of heat or pressure or both.
ۻȡѹߵĹͬʹ̬תΪҺ̬
To dissolve:
ܽ⣺
Sugar melts in water.
ˮܽ
To disappear or vanish gradually as if by dissolving:
ʧܽƵʧ
The crowd melted away after the rally.
֮Ⱥɢȥ
To pass or merge imperceptibly into something else:
ںϣںΪһ壺
Sea melted into sky along the horizon.
ڵƽߴһƬ
To become softened in feeling:
жϱºͣ
Our hearts melted at the child's tears.
ӵʹǵı
Obsolete To be overcome or crushed, as by grief, dismay, or fear.
 ʹɥ־ȣѹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change (a solid) to a liquid state by the application of heat or pressure or both.
ۻѹߵĹͬʹ̬ΪҺ̬
To dissolve:
ܽ⣺
The tide melted our sand castle away.
ˮɳѳɵĳǱɢ
To cause to disappear gradually; disperse.
ɢʹʧɢ
To cause (units) to blend:
ʹһ
Here individuals of all races are melted into a new race of men(Michel Guillaume Jean de Crvecoeur)
ĳԱںһγһµ塱(ЪҢķá¡׷ƶ)
To soften (someone's feelings); make gentle or tender.
ʹʹĳ˵ĸ飩ʹºͻ
n.ʣ
A melted solid; a fused mass.
ڵʣڵĲ
The state of being melted.
״̬
The act or operation of melting.
ڻ̣۽ж
The quantity melted at a single operation or in one period.
ڻһۻһʱۻ
A usually open sandwich topped with melted cheese:
ΣͨͿڻҵΣ
a tuna melt.
ǹ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
glacial melt water; the summer melt season.
ڵˮȵļ
?
Middle English melten 
йӢ melten 
from Old English meltan * see  mel- 1
Դ Ӣ meltan *μ mel- 1
?
meltability
n.ʣ
meltable
adj.ݴʣ
melter
n.ʣ
meltingly
adv.ʣ
melty
adj.ݴʣ
?
melt,fuse,liquefy,thaw,deliquesce
These verbs mean to change or cause to change into a liquid.
Щʵ˼ΪʹҺ̬
 Melt  implies liquefaction caused principally by heat: 
 Melt  ҪָͨҺ 
The candle softened and melted in the sun.
̫±۽⡣
I melted the butter in a saucepan. Figuratively the term suggests gradual dispersion, dissipation, and disappearance: 
ڳ۽͡ ʵı÷Աʾɢļʧ 
They melt like mist, the solid lands (Tennyson). 
½ؾһʧ  
The usual reserve of their manner . . . has . . . melted away (Thomas De Quincey).
ͨĳĬ̬ʧˡ ˹¡
 Melt  can also mean to become softened in feeling, as through pity, sympathy, or love: 
 Melt  Ҳɱʾͬ򰮵ȶºͣ 
His heart melted at the sight of the injured child.
˵ĺʱıˡ
Fuse  primarily suggests the union of different constituents, such as two minerals, by or as if by heating: 
Fuse  Ҫʾͨýͬɷںϣֿʵںϡ 
It is the most formidable kind of faiththe kind that is emotionally fused with national pride (Conor Cruise O'Brien).
һԶҡһָ彾 ɡ³˹ŷϣ
 Liquefy,   unlike the other terms in this group,is restricted to physical processesbut is used of both gases and solids: 
 Liquefy  һʲͬеЩʣָֻ̣ȿ壬Ҳù壺 
a process that is used to liquefy nitrogen.
ʹҺĹ̡
Thaw  applies to the partial or complete melting of something, such as ice, that is frozen;figuratively it suggests the softening or dissolution of something,as of formality or reserve, 
likened to a frozen substance: 
Thaw  ָĳ䲿ֻȫڽ⣻÷ʾĳıʧ类ʵϽƣ 
The short, shy manner of their white-haired host thawed under the influence of Mrs. Elsmere's racy, unaffected ways (Mrs. Humphry Ward).Todeliquesce  is to become liquid, 
usually gradually, through absorption of moisture from the air:  
ڰ˹Ȼ󷽵ķӰ£λ׷˵ľִٺ֮ʧˡ ร¡ֵ·ˣDeliquesce ʾͨտˮ𽥱Һ壺  
Pure chloride of sodium is not liable to deliquesce (David Page).
Ȼǲ׳ġ ά弪

= =
member
mem.ber
AHD:[mmbr] 
D.J.[6memb*]
K.K.[6mWmb+]
n.Abbr. mem.ʣд mem.
A distinct part of a whole, especially:
һɲָ֣
Linguistics A syntactic unit of a sentence; a clause.
ѧ Ӿ䣺ӵľ䷨λ
Logic A proposition of a syllogism.
߼ѧ ӣ۷֮һ
Mathematics An element in a set.
ѧ ԪѧҪ֮һ
A part or an organ of a human or animal body, as:
֮һֻһ٣
A limb, such as an arm or a leg.
֫첲
The penis.

A part of a plant.
ֲһ
One that belongs to a group or an organization:
ԱԱĳһ֮֯Ա
a club member; a bank that is a member of the FDIC.
ֲԱչ˾֮Ա
Mathematics The expression on either side of an equality sign.
ѧ ʽı߶ˣʽ֮ʽ֮һ
A structural unit, such as a beam or wall.
ģ֮λṹǽ
?
Middle English membre 
йӢ membre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin membrum 
Դ  membrum 

= =
membership
mem.ber.ship
AHD:[mmbr-sh1p] 
D.J.[6memb*7.!p]
K.K.[6mWmb+7.!p]
n.ʣ
The state of being a member.
ԱʸΪԱ״̬
The total number of members in a group:
Աȫ壺һȫԱ
an organization with a growing membership.
ԱԽԽһ֯

= =
memorial
me.mo.ri.al
AHD:[m-m?r?-l, -m?r-] 
D.J.[m*6m%8ri8*l, -6m*&r-]
K.K.[m*6m%ri*l, -6mor-]
n.Abbr. mem.ʣд mem.
Something, such as a monument or holiday, intended to celebrate or honor the memory of a person or an event.
ּڼĳ˻ĳµĶ
A written statement of facts or a petition presented to a legislative body or an executive.
Ը飬飺ʸɲŻŵʵԸ
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as a remembrance of a person or an event; commemorative.
ģԼĳ˻ĳµģԵ
Of, relating to, or being in memory.
ģģйؼģڼе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin memori3e 
Դ  memori3e 
from neuter of Latin memori3s [belonging to memory] 
Դ  memori3 [ڼ] 
from memoria [memory] * see  memory 
Դ memoria [] *μ memory
?
memorially
adv.ʣ

= =
memory
mem.o.ry
AHD:[mm-r?] 
D.J.[6mem*ri8]
K.K.[6mWm*ri]
n.ʣ
 mem.o.ries 
The mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experience.
䣬Ĵ֮
The act or an instance of remembering; recollection:
䣺жӣ䣺
spent the afternoon lost in memory.

All that a person can remember:
ķΧһܼסһУ
It hasn't happened in my memory.
Ҽǲ
Something remembered:
е£ס£ˣ
pleasant childhood memories.
ͯ
The fact of being remembered; remembrance:
׷˼סʵ
dedicated to their grandparents' memory.
Դǵ游ĸ
The period of time covered by the remembrance or recollection of a person or group of persons:
ʱڣ׷ޣĳ˻ĳһȺ˵Ļ䣺
within the memory of humankind.
ļ
Biology Persistent modification of behavior resulting from an animal's experience.
ѧ ΪɶȥľµıΪ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A unit of a computer that preserves data for retrieval.
洢壬ڴ棺洢Ապõļ
Capacity for storing information:
洢洢Ϣ
two million bytes of memory.
ֽڵĴ洢
Statistics The set of past events affecting a given event in a stochastic process.
ͳѧ ȥ£һӰһ¼Ĺȥһ¼
The capacity of a material, such as plastic or metal, to return to a previous shape after deformation.
ԣָʱκָԭ״ϻ
?
Middle English memorie 
йӢ memorie 
from Anglo-French 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin memoria 
Դ  memoria 
from memor [mindful] * see  (s)mer- 1
Դ memor [ģע] *μ (s)mer- 1
?
memory,remembrance,recollection,reminiscence
These nouns denote the act or an instance of remembering, or something remembered.
Щʶָжһӻס¼
 Memory  is the faculty of retaining and reviving impressions or recalling past experiences: 
 Memory  ָ桢ӡȥľ 
He has a bad memory for facts and figures.
ʵֵļܲ
Even memory is not necessary for love (Thornton Wilder).The word also applies to something recalled to the mind,a sense in which it often suggests a personal, cherished quality: 
Ҫ䡱 ɣ١߶£ҲָԺлĶֻ䳣иԺԣ 
My earliest memories were connected with the South (Thomas B. Aldrich).
ļϷϵһġ ˹B棩
 Remembrance   most often denotes the process or act of recalling: 
 Remembrance  ͨĺָĹ̻ж 
The remembrance of his humiliation was almost too painful to bear.
ܵĻʹʹòܡ
Recollection  is sometimes interchangeable withmemory :  
Recollection  ʱmemory   
My recollection of the incident differs from yours. Often, though, the term suggests a deliberate, concentrated effort to remember: 
Ҷµļͬ ǣͨʾŬл䣺 
After a few minutes' recollection she produced the answer.
ӵĻ룬˴𰸡
Reminiscence  is the act or process of recollecting past experiences or events within one's personal knowledge: 
Reminiscence  ָڸ˼䷶Χڻȥ֮¼ж̣ 
Her mind seemed wholly taken up with reminiscences of past gaiety (Charlotte Bront?).When the word refers to what is remembered,it may involve the sharing of the recollection 
with another or others: 
ԹȥʱĻ뼸ȫռԺ ١أָסĶʱʾһ˻򼸸˵Ĺͬ䣺 
They spent some time in reminiscence before turning to the business that had brought them together. 
ǻһ£ȻתǾۼһ 

= =
menace
men.ace
AHD:[mn1s] 
D.J.[6men!s]
K.K.[6mWn!s]
n.ʣ
A possible danger; a threat:
вܷ֮Σգв
the menace of nuclear war.
ս֮в
The act of threatening.
ţŵж
A troublesome or annoying person:
ˣˣߣ
a toddler who was a menace in a shop full of crystal.
ԷˮƷ̵깹вѧĺ
v.ʣ
men.aced,men.ac.ing,men.ac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter threats against.
ԡв
To constitute a threat to; endanger.See Synonyms at threaten 
ԡвΣμ threaten
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make threats.
в
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *min3a 
Դ  *min3a 
sing. of Latin min3? [threats, menaces] 
  min3 [в] 
from min3x  min3c- [threatening] 
Դ min3x  min3c- [вԵ] 
from min3o} [to threaten] 
Դ min3o} [в] 
from minae [threats] * see  men- 2
Դ minae [в] *μ men- 2
?
menacer
n.ʣ
menacingly
adv.ʣ

= =
mend
mend
AHD:[mnd] 
D.J.[mend]
K.K.[mWnd]
v.ʣ
mend.ed,mend.ing,mends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make repairs or restoration to; fix.
޸
To reform or correct:

mend one's ways.
Ĺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To improve in health or condition:
򽡿ת
The patient is mending well.
˵Ĳںת
To heal:
Ȭ
The bone mended in a month.
һ֮ھȬ
To make repairs or corrections.

n.ʣ
The act of mending:
޲޲Ķ
did a neat mend on the sock.
ӷ첹
A mended place:
޲ĵط
You can't tell where the mend is.
ֱĶ
?
mend fences
To improve poor relations, especially in politics:
ƹϵƲϵָУ
Whatever thoughts he may have entertained about mending some fences with[them]  were banished (Conor Cruise O'Brien)
йʲô ƹϵ뷨Щ뷨ųˡ (ɡ³˹²)
on the mend
Improving, especially in health.
ת
?
Middle English menden 
йӢ menden 
short for amenden [to amend] * see  amend 
 amendenļд [ƣĽ] *μ amend
?
mendable
adj.ݴʣ
mender
n.ʣ

= =
mental
mental 1
AHD:[mntl] 
D.J.[6mentl]
K.K.[6mWnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the mind; intellectual:
ģĻ뾫йصģģ
mental powers.

Executed or performed by the mind; existing in the mind:
еģĽлֵģеģ
mental images of happy times.See Usage Note at mental telepathy 
Ժиֳʱ龰μ mental telepathy
Of, relating to, or affected by a disorder of the mind.
ң񲡵ġ뾫йصĻо񲡵
Intended for treatment of people affected with disorders of the mind.
ƾ񲡵ģּҽƾ񲡻ߵ
Of or relating to telepathy or mind reading.
ӦģӦĻġӦйص
Slang 
ٵ 
Emotionally upset; crazed:
ҵģģ
got mental when he saw the dent in his new car.
򿴵Լ³ϵİ۶
Offensive Slang Mentally or psychologically disturbed.
 ٵ 񲻰Ļ񲻰
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ment3s 
Դ  ment3s 
from Latin m?s  ment- [mind] * see  men- 1
Դ  m?s  ment- [] *μ men- 1
?
mentally
adv.ʣ
?
mental
mental 2
AHD:[mntl] 
D.J.[6mentl]
K.K.[6mWnt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the chin.
°͵ģ°͵Ļ°йص
?
From Latin mentum [chin] * see  men- 2
Դ  mentum [°] *μ men- 2

= =
mention
men.tion
AHD:[mnshn] 
D.J.[6men.*n]
K.K.[6mWn.*n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
men.tioned,men.tion.ing,men.tions 
To refer to, especially incidentally.See Synonyms at refer 
ἰָżȻԵزμ refer
n.ʣ
The act of referring to something briefly or casually.
˵ҪżȻᵽĳµΪ
An incidental reference or allusion.
żȻἰʾ
Honorable mention.

?
From Middle English mencioun [reference] 
Դ йӢ mencioun [ἰ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin menti?}  menti?n- * see  men- 1
Դ  menti?}  menti?n- *μ men- 1
?
mentionable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
menu
men.u
AHD:[mny?, m3ny?] 
D.J.[6menju8, 6me!nju8]
K.K.[6mWnju, 6menju]
n.ʣ
A list of the dishes to be served or available for a meal.
˵òʱйӦ˲ĵ
The dishes served or available at a meal.
ȣòʱӦɵҪķ
Computer Science A list, displayed on a monitor, of options available to a computer user.
ѧ ˵ʾĻϹûʹõѡб
A similar list of options:
Ŀѡ񵥣Ƶѡ񵥣
a menu of professional opportunities.
ҵѡ
?
French [small, minute, menu] 
 [СģСģ΢С] 
from Old French menut [small] 
Դ ŷ menut [С] 
from Latin min?s [past participle of] minuere [to diminish] * see  mei- 2
Դ  min?s  [] minuereĹȥִ [] *μ mei- 2
?
An enormous menu might be considered an oxymoronif one were to restrict the word etymologically.Menu can be traced back to the Latin word min?,  meaning small in size, amount, 
or degreeand also possessing or involving minute knowledge.Latinmin?s  became Old French menut  and Modern French menu,  small, fine, trifling, minute. The French 
adjective came to be used as a nounwith the sense of detail, details collectively, and detailed list.As such, it was used in the phrasemenu de repas,  list of items of a meal,
 which was shortened tomenu.  This word was borrowed into English,being first recorded in 1837.The French word had been borrowed before,perhaps only briefly,as a shortening of 
the French phrasemenu peuple,  the common people. This usage, however, is recorded in only one text, in 1658.
һӴĲ˵һ˵ܻᱻһìܵ޴ǷǴԴѧǶȶʽƵĻMenu ʵĴԴݵ minutus  Ϊߴ硢
̶Сġߡ߱漰ϸ֪ʶġminutus ֳΪŷﵥ menut ִﵥ menu ΪСġɵġġϸġ 
ݴ𽥱ʣΪϸڡϸڡϸڴmenu de repas ΪһŲϸ ֱΪmenu  
ԴʱӢУ1837ꡣﵥǰҲӢùҲֻ˺ܶһʱ䣬ΪΪͨڡķmenu peuple ļԴʡ Ȼ
һ÷1658һƪгֹ

= =
merchant
mer.chant
AHD:[m?rchnt] 
D.J.[6mT8t.*nt]
K.K.[6mPt.*nt]
n.ʣ
One whose occupation is the wholesale purchase and retail sale of goods for profit.
ˣͨۻȡĴҵ
One who runs a retail business; a shopkeeper.
̣ˣ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to merchants, merchandise, or commercial trade:
ˣҵģ˵ġƷĻҵó׵ģ֮йصģ
a merchant guild.
л
Of or relating to the merchant marine:
̴ģ̴ġ˵Ļ֮йصģ
merchant ships.
̴
?
Middle English merchaunt 
йӢ merchaunt 
from Old French marcheant 
Դ ŷ marcheant 
from Vulgar Latin *merc33ns} [present participle of] .merc3t3re 
Դ  *merc33ns}  [] merc3t3reڷִ 
frequentative of Latin merc3o} [to trade] 
  merc3oظ} [ ] 
from merx  merc- [merchandise] 
Դ merx  merc- [Ʒ] 

= =
mercury
mer.cu.ry
AHD:[m?rky-r?] 
D.J.[6mT8kj*ri8]
K.K.[6mPkj*ri]
n.ʣ
Symbol Hg A silvery-white poisonous metallic element, liquid at room temperature and used in thermometers, barometers, vapor lamps, and batteries and in the preparation of chemical 
pesticides. Atomic number 80; atomic weight 200.59; melting point -38.87=C; boiling point 356.58=C; specific gravity 13.546 (at 20=C); valence 1, 2.Also called  quicksilver See table at 
element 
 Hg ˮһɫжԪأ³Һ̬¶ȼơѹơƼУҲڻѧɱСԭΪ80ԭΪ200.59۵-38.87=Cе
Ϊ356.58=CΪ13.54620=CʱϼΪ1,2Ҳ  quicksilverμ element
Temperature:
¶ȣ
The mercury had fallen rapidly by morning.
糿¼½
Any of several weedy plants of the generaMercurialis  or Acalypha.  
ɽ壺һɽ  ꪿ Ĳݱֲ 
?
Middle English mercurie 
йӢ mercurie 
from Medieval Latin mercurius 
Դ  mercurius 
from Latin Mercurius [Mercury] 
Դ  Mercurius [ˮ] 
?
Mercury
Mer.cu.ry
AHD:[m?rky-r?] 
D.J.[6mT8kj*ri8]
K.K.[6mPkj*ri]
n.ʣ
Roman Mythology A god that served as messenger to the other gods and was himself the god of commerce, travel, and thievery.
񻰡 ī񣺸·ʹߣ䱾ҵмԵػ
The smallest of the planets and the one nearest the sun, having a sidereal period of revolution about the sun of 88.0 days at a mean distance of 58.3 million kilometers (36.2 million 
miles) and a mean radius of approximately 2,414 kilometers (1,500 miles).
ˮǣС̫ǣΧ̫תΪ88.0죬תƽԼΪ58,300,00036,200,000Ӣƽ뾶ԼΪ2,4141,500Ӣ
?
Middle English Mercurie 
йӢ Mercurie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin Mercurius 
Դ  Mercurius 

= =
mercy
mer.cy
AHD:[m?rs?] 
D.J.[6mT8si8]
K.K.[6mPsi]
n.ʣ
 mer.cies 
Compassionate treatment, especially of those under one's power; clemency.
ȱʴȣʴȵĶԴָԴԼȨµˣʴ
A disposition to be kind and forgiving:
ͬ飬ºݵ飺
a heart full of mercy.
ݵ
Something for which to be thankful; a blessing:
ݣˣӦ֮ʾлݣ
It was a mercy that no one was hurt.
û
Alleviation of distress; relief:
ʹļ᣻ѣ
Distributing food among the homeless was an act of mercy.
޼ҿɹǷʳһּʹΪ
?
at the mercy of
Without any protection against; helpless before:
ɡڲڡǰ
drifting in an open boat, at the mercy of the elements.
һƯɱڲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French merci 
Դ ŷ merci 
from Medieval Latin merc?s 
Դ  merc?s 
from Latin [reward] 
Դ  [] 
?
mercy,leniency,lenity,clemency,charity
These nouns mean kind, forgiving, or sympathetic and humane treatment of or disposition toward others.
ЩʶʾʴȵġݵġͬԼ˵˵Դʽ
 Mercy  is compassionate forbearance: 
 Mercy  ʾͬԵĿݣ 
We hand folks over to God's mercy, and show none ourselves (George Eliot).
ϵǣԼȴʾκ֮ġ Ρأ
 Leniency   andlenity  imply mildness, gentleness, and often a tendency to reduce the severity or harshness of punishment: 
 Leniency  lenity ָº͵ġģ нͳͷ 
When you have gone too far to recede, do not sue [appeal] to me for leniency  (Charles Dickens). 
ߵ̫Զܻͷʱͱ ҵĿˡˡ  ˹Ҹ˹ 
His Majesty gave many marks of his great lenity, often . . . endeavoring to extenuate your crimes (Jonathan Swift).
¶αʾʴȣͼС ɭ˹أ
 Clemency  is mercy shown by one in a position of authority or powerand especially by one charged with administering justice: 
 Clemency  ָһӵȨȨˣָӵȨֳĴȱ 
The judge believed in clemency for youthful offenders.
ΪķӦԴȱΪ
Charity  is goodwill and benevolence,especially as it manifests itself in kindly forbearance in judging others: 
Charity  ָĻУָʱʾĿ̣ 
But how shall we expect charity towards others, when we are uncharitable to ourselves? (Thomas Browne).
ǣǶԴԼʴȵʱôƴ? ˹ʣ

= =
mere
mere 1
AHD:[m?r] 
D.J.[m!*]
K.K.[m!r]
adj.ݴʣ
߼ʽ mer.est 
Being nothing more than what is specified:
ģȷָģ
a mere child; a mere 50 cents an hour.
ǸӣÿСʱ50
Considered apart from anything else:
Ϊ޹صģ
shocked by the mere idea.
ǸһǴ뷨
Small; slight:
Сģ΢ģ
could detect only the merest whisper.
ֻ͵͵˽
Obsolete Pure; unadulterated.
 ģδ
?
Middle English [absolute, pure] 
йӢ [Եģ] 
from Old French mier [pure] 
Դ ŷ mier [] 
from Latin merus 
Դ  merus 
?
mere
mere 2
AHD:[m?r] 
D.J.[m!*]
K.K.[m!r]
n.ʣ
A small lake, pond, or marsh:
С
Sometimes on lonely mountain meres/I find a magic bark(Tennyson)
ʱڼžɽС/ҷһҶСۡ(̹ɭ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  mori- 
Դ Ӣ *μ mori- 
?
mere
mere 3
AHD:[m?r] 
D.J.[m!*]
K.K.[m!r]
n.Archaic ʣ 
A boundary.
߽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m?e 
Դ Ӣ m?e 

= =
merely
mere.ly
AHD:[m?rl?] 
D.J.[6m!*li8]
K.K.[6m!rli]
adv.ʣ
And nothing else or more; only:
ֻУ
merely a flesh wound.
Ƥ֮

= =
merge
merge
AHD:[m?rj] 
D.J.[mT8d9]
K.K.[mPd9]
v.ʣ
merged,merg.ing,merg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be absorbed, especially in gradual stages.
ʹգָ𲽵ر
To combine or unite:
ʹϲϣ
merging two sets of data.
ݺϲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To blend together, especially in gradual stages.
ںһָ𲽵ں
To become combined or united.See Synonyms at mix 
ϲμ mix
?
Latin mergere [to plunge] 
 mergere [Ǳ] 
?
mergence
n.ʣ

= =
merit
mer.it
AHD:[mr1t] 
D.J.[6mer!t]
K.K.[6mWr!t]
n.ʣ
Superior quality or worth; excellence:
ֵ׿ԽƷʻֵ֮
a proposal of some merit; an ill-advised plan without merit.
мֵĽ飻δϸǵ޼ֵļƻ
A quality deserving praise or approval; virtue:
ŵ㣺ֵñ͵Ʒʣ£
a store having the merit of being open late.
̵ŵǺŴ
Demonstrated ability or achievement:
ʾ򹦼
promotions based on merit alone.
ȫݹ
Often merits An aspect of character or behavior deserving approval or disapproval:
  merits ȱӦ񶨵ԸΪ
judging people according to their merits.
书ж
Theology Spiritual credit granted for good works.
ѧ Ʒľ
merits 
 merits 
Law A party's strict legal rights, excluding jurisdictional, personal, or technical aspects.
ɡ ȨһľԷȨ˾˽˻ȷ
The factual content of a matter, apart from emotional, contextual, or formal considerations.
Ƿǣһ¼ʵݵǷǣ顢ɡʽǵȳɷ
v.ʣ
mer.it.ed,mer.it.ing,mer.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To earn; deserve.See Synonyms at earn 1
ãӦͻͲμ earn1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be worthy or deserving:
ֵûӦã
Pupils are rewarded or corrected, as they merit.
ѧܵӦõĽͽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French merite [reward or punishment] 
Դ ŷ merite [ͷ] 
from Latin meritum [from neuter past participle of] mer?re [to deserve] * see  (s)mer- 2
Դ  meritum  [] Դmer?reԹȥִ [Ӧ] *μ (s)mer- 2
?
meritless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
merry
mer.ry
AHD:[mr?] 
D.J.[6meri8]
K.K.[6mWri]
adj.ݴʣ
mer.ri.er,mer.ri.est 
Full of high-spirited gaiety; jolly.See Synonyms at jolly 
˸߲ҵģõĲμ jolly
Marked by or offering fun and gaiety; festive:
ģȤͿΪĻ˸еȤͿֵģֵģ
a merry evening.
һֵҹ
Archaic Delightful; entertaining.
 ˸˵ģֵ
Brisk:
õģ
a merry pace.
ݵĲ
?
Middle English merri 
йӢ merri 
from Old English mirige [pleasant] * see  mregh-u- 
Դ Ӣ mirige [] *μ mregh-u- 
?
merrily
adv.ʣ
merriness
n.ʣ

= =
mess
mess
AHD:[ms] 
D.J.[mes]
K.K.[mWs]
n.ʣ
A disorderly or dirty accumulation, heap, or jumble:
ңңһһѡһһţ
left a mess in the yard.
ͥԺһ
A cluttered, untidy, usually dirty condition:
ۻࣺҵġҵģͨΪҵ״̬
The kitchen was in a mess.

A confused, troubling, or embarrassing condition; a muddle:
ҵľ棺ҵġҵĻ龳ң
With divorce and bankruptcy proceedings pending, his personal life was in a mess.
ƲĹ˾ʹһƬҵ
One that is in such a condition:
ңࣺߣ
clothes that were a mess after painting the ceiling; made a mess of their marriage.
ˢ컨·Ūð಻ǵĻһ
An amount of food, as for a meal, course, or dish:
һʳһٷһ˻һݲ˵ʳ
cooked up a mess of fish.
һ
A serving of soft, semiliquid food:
ġʵʳ
a mess of porridge.
һ
A group of people, usually soldiers or sailors, who regularly eat meals together.
ߣʳţһŵһȺˣָͨʿˮ
Food or a meal served to such a group:
ʳԱԵʳ
took mess with the enlistees.
±һ
A mess hall.
ʳ
v.ʣ
messed,mess.ing,mess.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make disorderly or soiled; clutter or foul:
Ū࣬ʹңѡŪһѡŪࣻʹۻʹң
a puppy that still messes the floor.
ŪذС
To botch; bungle.
Ū㣻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cause or make a mess.

To use or handle something carelessly; fiddle:
ŪҸ㣺ĵʹúͲϹ㣺
messed with the blender until he broke it.
Ųֱ̄Ū
To intrude; interfere:
룻Ԥ
messing in the neighbors' affairs.
Ԥھӵ
To take a meal in a military mess.
۲ͣھӵļʳóԷ
?
mess around ʽ
To pass time in aimless puttering.
ȹ
To associate casually or playfully:
㽻˻죺
liked to mess around with pals on days off.
ϲϢ˻
mess up
Informal To make a mistake, especially from nervousness or confusion:
ʽ ָŻҶ£
messed up and dropped the ball.
ŻŰ
Slang To beat up; manhandle:
ٵ ᣻ֱضԴ
got messed up in a brawl.
ڳд
?
Middle English mes [course of a meal, food, group of people eating together] 
йӢ mes [һˡʳŵԱ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin missus 
Դ  missus 
from Latin [past participle of] mittere [to place] 
Դ   [] mittereĹȥִ [] 

= =
message
mes.sage
AHD:[ms1j] 
D.J.[6mes!d9]
K.K.[6mWs!d9]
n.Abbr. msg.ʣд msg.
A usually short communication transmitted by words, signals, or other means from one person, station, or group to another.
ϢһˡһվһȺ˴һˡһվһȺ˵桢źŻʽ͵ģͨǽ϶̵Ϣ
The substance of such a communication; the point or points conveyed:
Ҫ㣺ϢݣݵҪ㣺
gestured to a waiter, who got the message and brought the bill.
˸ƣ߻Ⲣʵ
A statement made or read before a gathering:
˵ǣڼ
a retiring executive's farewell message.
һݾĸ
A basic thesis or lesson; a moral:
˼ѵԢ⣺
a play with a message.
ԢһϷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mes.saged,mes.sag.ing,mes.sag.es 
To send a message to.
Ϣ
To send as a message:
Ϊķ
messaged the instruction by cable.
õ´ѶϢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send a message; communicate.
ѶͨѶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin miss3m 
Դ  miss3m 
from Latin missus [past participle of] mittere [to send] 
Դ  missus  [] mittereĹȥִ [] 

= =
messenger
mes.sen.ger
AHD:[msn-jr] 
D.J.[6mes*nd9*]
K.K.[6mWs*nd9+]
n.ʣ
One that carries messages or performs errands, as:
Ϣ˻ȵʹߣ
A person employed to carry telegrams, letters, or parcels.
ʵԱͶݵ籨ż
A military or official courier.
ԱӵĴٷĴ
An envoy to another person, party, or government.
ʹߣǲһˡȥʹ
A bearer of news.
Ϣ
A forerunner; a harbinger:
Ԥף
the crocus and other messengers of spring.
컨ʹʹ
A prophet:
֪
the messenger of Allah.
Ĵ
Nautical A chain or rope used for hauling in a cable.Also called  In this sense, also called messenger line 
 £êǣҲ  ڴҲɳ messenger line
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mes.sen.gered,mes.sen.ger.ing,mes.sen.gers 
To send by messenger.
˷
?
Middle English messanger 
йӢ messanger 
from Old French messagier 
Դ ŷ messagier 
from message [message] * see  message 
Դ message [Ϣ] *μ message

= =
metal
met.al
AHD:[mtl] 
D.J.[6metl]
K.K.[6mWt1]
n.ʣ
Abbr. MAny of a category of electropositive elements that usually have a shiny surface, are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, and can be melted or fused, hammered 
into thin sheets, or drawn into wires. Typical metals form salts with nonmetals, basic oxides with oxygen, and alloys with one another.
д MһִԪصʣͨйı棬Ⱥ͵õ壬ܱۻںϣҲԶƳɱƬƳɽߡͽǽʿΣ
ɼֽƳɺϽ
An alloy of two or more metallic elements.
ϽֻֽϳɵĽ
An object made of metal.
ƷýƳɵƷ
Basic character; mettle.

Broken stones used for road surfaces or railroad beds.
·ʯ·ľ϶ʯ
Molten glass, especially when used in glassmaking.
ҺҺ״̬Ĳָڲ
Molten cast iron.
ۻ
Printing Type made of metal.
ӡˢ Ǧ֣ýǦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
met.aled Ҳ met.alled met.al.ing met.al.ling met.als met.als  
To cover or surface (a roadbed, for example) with broken stones.
ʯ裨繫·ı
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin metallum 
Դ  metallum 
from Greek metallon [mine, mineral, metal] 
Դ ϣ metallon [أʣ] 

= =
metallic
me.tal.lic
AHD:[m-t2l1k] 
D.J.[m*6t#l!k]
K.K.[m*6t#l!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a metal.
ģġ֮йصĻص
Containing a metal:
ģ
a metallic compound.

Having a quality suggesting or associated with metal, especially:
ʾʵĻصйϵģָ
Lustrous; sparkling:
йģģ
metallic colors.
ɫ
Sharp-tasting:
ζģ
an unpleasant, metallic flavor.
һüĴ̱ζ
Harshly resonant:
̶ģ
the strange metallic note of the meadow lark, suggesting the clash of vibrant blades(Ambrose Bierce)
Ұȸ̶Ĺ뵽ʱ(˹ȶ˹)
n.ʣ
A yarn or fiber made of or containing metal.
άýƳɵĻнɴ߻ά
A fabric, typically shiny or iridescent, made of such yarn or fiber.
֯ýάƳɵ֯ͨвûɫ
?
metallically
adv.ʣ

= =
meter
meter 1
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mi8t*]
K.K.[6mit+]
n.ʣ
The measured arrangement of words in poetry, as by accentual rhythm, syllabic quantity, or the number of syllables in a line.
ɣʫִʵиɵУɣڵһڵ
A particular arrangement of words in poetry, such as iambic pentameter, determined by the kind and number of metrical units in a line.
ɣʫִʵضţһʫɵλͺʫ
The rhythmic pattern of a stanza, determined by the kind and number of lines.
ɣһʫڵɸʽʫʫеͺ
Music 
֡ 
Division into measures or bars.
ģֳַӺСڵķ
A specific rhythm determined by the number of beats and the time value assigned to each note in a measure.See Synonyms at rhythm 
ࣺĳضֽ࣬һÿռûֵμ rhythm
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English meter 
Դ Ӣ meter 
and from Old French metre 
Դ ŷ metre 
both from Latin metrum 
Դ  metrum 
from Greek metron [measure, poetic meter] * see  m?- 2
Դ ϣ metron [ɣʫ] *μ m?- 2
?
meter
meter 2
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mi8t*]
K.K.[6mit+]
n.Abbr. mʣд m
The international standard unit of length, approximately equivalent to 39.37 inches. It was redefined in 1983 as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a 
second.See table at measurement 
ףȵĹʱ׼λԼ൱39.37Ӣ磬1983걻¶Ϊ1/299,792,458ľμ measurement
?
French mtre 
 mtre 
from Greek metron [measure] * see  m?- 2
Դ ϣ metron [] *μ m?- 2
?
meter
meter 3
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mi8t*]
K.K.[6mit+]
n.ʣ
Any of various devices designed to measure time, distance, speed, or intensity or indicate and record or regulate the amount or volume, as of the flow of a gas or an electric current.
ƣǣ֮һĿΪʱ䡢롢ٶȻǿȻʾ¼
A postage meter.
ʻ
A parking meter.
ͣʱͣշ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
me.tered,me.ter.ing,me.ters 
To measure with a meter:
üƣǱ
meter a flow of water.
ˮ
To supply in a measured or regulated amount:
ӦȷĻ涨Ӧ
metered the allotted gasoline to each vehicle.
ͶӦÿ
To imprint with postage or other revenue stamps by means of a postage meter or similar device:
Ѹǣʻʻ˰Ѹǣ
metering bulk mail.
ʻڴʼϴ
To provide with a parking meter or parking meters:
װͣշѼƣװһͣżʱƣշѼƣ
meter parking spaces.
ͣװͣշѼ
?
From -meter 
Դ -meter

= =
method
meth.od
AHD:[mthd] 
D.J.[6meG*d]
K.K.[6mWG*d]
n.ʣ
A means or manner of procedure, especially a regular and systematic way of accomplishing something:
취еֶλʽָΪĳµһԵĺϵͳԵķ
a simple method for making a pie crust; mediation as a method of solving disputes.See Usage Note at methodology 
ڱƤļ򵥷ԺͽΪ˵ķμ methodology
Orderly arrangement of parts or steps to accomplish an end:
ɣΪﵽһĿڲֻڲİţ
random efforts that lack method.
ȱŬ
The procedures and techniques characteristic of a particular discipline or field of knowledge:
򣬼ɣһضѧƻ֪ʶеĲͼɣ
This field course gives an overview of archaeological method.
ʵؿչʾ˿ѧоȫò
Method A technique of acting in which the actor recalls emotions and reactions from past experience and uses them in identifying with and individualizing the character being portrayed.
 Method ɱݷһֱݼɣԱȥкͷӦνɫȡùӶʹɫ
?
Middle English [medical procedure] 
йӢ [ҽƲ] 
from Latin methodus [method] 
Դ  methodus [] 
from Greek methodos [pursuit, method] 
Դ ϣ methodos [׷󣬷] 
meta- [beyond, after] * see  meta- 
meta- [Խڡ] *μ meta-
hodos [way, journey] 
hodos [·] 
?
method,system,routine,manner,mode,fashion,way
These nouns refer to the plans or procedures followed to accomplish a task or attain a goal.
ЩָΪĳһﵽĳһĿѭļƻ衣
 Method  implies a detailed, logically ordered plan: 
 Method  ָһϸģ߼ļƻ 
The convention system has its faults, of course, but I do not know of a better method for choosing a presidential nominee (Harry S Truman).
ͳһ׵Ȼȱ㣬ҲΪѡһͳ˵ĸõİ취 S³ţ
 System  suggests order, regularity, and coordination of methods,often affecting all parts of a whole: 
 System  ֵ򡢹ɡһԣͨЩӰȫ֣ 
Of generalship, of strategic system . . . there was little or none (John Morley).Aroutine is a habitual, often tiresome method:  
ᵽ쵼ԷٵÿѹûС Լë Routine һϰԵģķ  
The common business of the nation . . . is carried on in a constant routine by the clerks of the different offices (Tobias Smollett).
ҵƽɲͬŵְԱһɲĳ бȰ˹˹Ħأ
 Manner  emphasizes a personal or distinctive method of action or procedure: 
 Manner  ǿжľ߸ԺͶԵķ 
She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking.
˵ôʾȷ
The basset, in the manner of hunting dogs,dashed across the field, nose to the ground.
ȮȮеӣҰＲܣŵء
Mode   often denotes a manner influenced by or arising from tradition or custom: 
Mode  ָͨɴͳϰӰ· 
A nomadic mode of life was typical of many peoples of the Great Plains.
Ǿסڴƽԭĺܶ˵͵ʽ
Fashion  is often synonymous withmanner  and mode;  it sometimes suggests highly personal, even idiosyncratic behavior: 
Fashion  manner  mode ͬ壻 ʱָ߶ȸ˻ǶصΪ 
The chief of staff issued a series of orders in an arbitrary and abrasive fashion.
칫ҵ쵼һϵ̬רᡣ
She sang, in her own inimitable fashion.
˸裬ĸ޿ɱ⡣
Way  is the least specific of these terms: 
Way  Щרָٵһʣ 
It is absurd to think that the only way to tell if a poem is lasting is to wait and see if it lasts (Robert Frost). 
֪һʫǷΨһǵſǷֱ࣬Ц ޲ء˹أ 
For she and I were long acquainted/And I knew all her ways (A.E. Housman).
Ϊʶ/֪еӡ (AE˹

= =
metre
metre 1
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mi8t*]
K.K.[6mit+]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of meter 1
 meterı1
?
metre
metre 2
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mi8t*]
K.K.[6mit+]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of meter 2
 meterı2

= =
metric
metric 1
AHD:[mtr1k] 
D.J.[6metr!k]
K.K.[6mWtr!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the meter or the metric system:
׵ģڻ׵ĻƵģ
U.S. Customary units and their metric equivalents.
ͳλǵ׶Ӧ
?
French mtrique 
 mtrique 
from mtre [meter] * see  meter 2
Դ mtre [] *μ meter2
?
metric
metric 2
AHD:[mtr1k] 
D.J.[6metr!k]
K.K.[6mWtr!k]
n.ʣ
A standard of measurement.
׼
Mathematics A geometric function defined for a coordinate system such that the distance between any two points in that system may be determined from their coordinates.
ѧ Ϊϵļκϵľͨ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to distance.
ģڻھ
?
From Latin metricus [relating to measurement] * see  metrical 
Դ  metricus [йص] *μ metrical
?
metric
metric 3
AHD:[mtr1k] 
D.J.[6metr!k]
K.K.[6mWtr!k]
n.ʣ
Poetic meter.
ʫ壬ģʫ
?
Greek (h?? (tekhn?)} [(the art) of meter] [feminine of] metrikos [relating to measurement] * see  metrical 
ϣ (h?? (tekhn?)} [ʫϵģ]  [] metrikosԴ [йص] *μ metrical

= =
metropolitan
met.ro.pol.i.tan
AHD:[mtr-p?l1-tn] 
D.J.[7metr*6pKl!t*n]
K.K.[7mWtr*6p$l!t*n]
adj.Abbr. met.ݴʣд met.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a major city:
еģ󶼻ģڻڴеģдеصģ
crowded metropolitan streets; a metropolitan newspaper.
æӵĴнֵеıֽ
Of or constituting a large city or urbanized area, including adjacent suburbs and towns:
еģڻ򹹳һлеٽͳģ
the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area; a metropolitan county.
˹һغ˹деĽ
Of, relating to, or constituting the home territory of an imperial or colonial state.
ģеģڣڻ򹹳һ۹ֳҵ
Of or relating to an ecclesiastical metropolitan.
̵ģڻڻж̵
n.ʣ
A citizen of a metropolis, especially one who displays urbane characteristics, attitudes, and values.
ˣоֳָԸͼֵ
In the Western Christian churches, a bishop with provincial powers, with some authority over suffragan bishops.
ɽ̻̽ɽ̻одȨĽԸһĹϽȨ
Eastern Orthodox Church A bishop who is head of an ecclesiastical province and ranks next below the patriarch.
̡ ̳ΪʡԵĽλӽ̻֮
?
Middle English [of a metropolitan bishop] 
йӢ [̽] 
from Late Latin m?ot3nus} [metropolitan] 
Դ  m?ot3nus} [е] 
from Greek m??s} [citizen of a metropolis] 
Դ ϣ m??s} [о] 
from m?s [mother city] * see  metropolis 
Դ m?s [] *μ metropolis

= =
microcomputer
mi.cro.com.put.er
AHD:[mokr?-km-py?tr] 
D.J.[6ma!kr*&k*m7pju8t*]
K.K.[6ma!krok*m7pjut+]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A very small computer, such as a laptop or personal computer, built around a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time.
΢͵ӼһַǳСļϥϻ˼һ΢ɣͬһʱڽһʹ

= =
microphone
mi.cro.phone
AHD:[mokr-f?n] 
D.J.[6ma!kr*7f*&n]
K.K.[6ma!kr*7fon]
n.ʣ
An instrument that converts sound waves into an electric current, usually fed into an amplifier, a recorder, or a broadcast transmitter.
˷磬ͲתɵĹߣͨ¼㲥
?
microphonic
AHD:[-f?n1k] ݴʣ

= =
microscope
mi.cro.scope
AHD:[mokr-sk?p] 
D.J.[6ma!kr*7sk*&p]
K.K.[6ma!kr*7skop]
n.ʣ
An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye.
΢һ͸һЩ͸СķŴߣͨ۲ۿ
An instrument, such as an electron microscope, that uses electronic or other processes to magnify objects.
΢õӵĻֶŴĹߣһ΢

= =
midday
mid.day
AHD:[m1dd3] 
D.J.[6m!d7de!]
K.K.[6m!d7de]
n.ʣ
The middle of the day; noon.
磻У
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ģģһʣ
a midday snack; midday meals.
ͣз

= =
middle
mid.dle
AHD:[m1dl] 
D.J.[6m!dl]
K.K.[6m!d1]
adj.Abbr. mid.ݴʣд mid.
Equally distant from extremes or limits; central:
еģģ˵Ⱦģģ
the middle point on a line.
һ߶εе
Being at neither one extreme nor the other; intermediate.
вģеģȲһˣֲһ˵ģм
Intervening between an earlier and a later period of time; being an intermediate part of a sequence or series:
ڵģмģںڵмģΪһϵлһм䲿ֵģ
the middle years.

Middle Geology Of or relating to a division of geologic time between an earlier and a later division:
 Middle ѧ ڵģڻڵںм䲿ֵģ
the Middle Paleozoic.
й
Middle Of or relating to a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages:
 Middle йŵģڻԻѧչںм䲿ֵģ
Middle Swedish.
й
Grammar Of a verb form or voice in which the subject both performs and is affected by the action specified.
﷨ ж̬ģͶʽ򶯴̬йصģʵΪ壬ΪӰ
n.ʣ
An area or a point equidistant between extremes; a center:
У룺˵ȾĲֻ㣻ģ
the middle of a circle.
Բ
Something intermediate between extremes; a mean.
вм䣬ƽ˵м
The interior portion:
ڲ
the middle of a chain.
ڲ
The middle part of the human body; the waist.
в
Logic A middle term.
߼ѧ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mid.dled,mid.dling,mid.dles 
To place in the middle.
м
Nautical To fold in the middle:
 ѡۣ
middle the sail.
뷫
?
Middle English middel 
йӢ middel 
from Old English * see  medhyo- 
Դ Ӣ *μ medhyo- 

= =
midnight
mid.night
AHD:[m1dnot] 
D.J.[6m!d7na!t]
K.K.[6m!d7na!t]
n.ʣ
The middle of the night, specifically 12 o'clock at night.
ҹҹҹȷָҹ12
Intense darkness or gloom.
ڣȵĺڰ
A period of darkness and gloom.
һκڰʱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ҹģҹģʣ
a midnight swim; a midnight meeting.
ҹӾҹĻ

= =
midst
midst
AHD:[m1dst, m1tst] 
D.J.[m!dst, m!tst]
K.K.[m!dst, m!tst]
n.ʣ
The middle position or part; the center:
в룺мλû򲿷֣ģ
in the midst of the desert.
ɳĮм
A position of proximity to others:
м䣺˸
a stranger in our midst.
мİ
The condition of being surrounded or beset by something:
ڱΧΧƵ״
in the midst of all of our problems.

A period of time approximately in the middle of a continuing condition or act:
УԼĳһ״Ϊеһʱ䣺
in the midst of the war.
ս֮
prep.ʣ
Among; amid.
ڡм䣻ڡ
?
Middle English middest 
йӢ middest 
alteration of middes 
 middesı仯 
mid [middle] * see  mid 1
mid [м] *μ mid1
-es [adv. suff.] * see  -s 3
-es [ʺ׺] *μ -s3

= =
might
might 1
AHD:[mot] 
D.J.[ma!t]
K.K.[ma!t]
n.ʣ
The power, force, or influence held by a person or group.
һ˻һȺ˵Ӱ
Physical strength.

Strength or ability to do something.See Synonyms at strength See Regional Note at powerful 
ĳµμ strengthμ powerful
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English meaht, miht * see  magh- 
Դ Ӣ meaht, miht *μ magh- 
?
might
might 2
AHD:[mot] 
D.J.[ma!t]
K.K.[ma!t]
v.aux.ʣ
 may1Ĺȥʽ  
Used to indicate a condition or state contrary to fact:
ܣʾһʵ෴״̬
She might help if she knew the truth.
֪࣬Ҳæ
Used to indicate a possibility or probability that is weaker thanmay : 
ܣڱʾһֿԻԣmay  
We might discover a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.
ǿڲʺĩ˷һ޽
Used to express possibility or probability or permission in the past:
ܹ᣺ڱʾȥʱеĿԻԣ
She told him yesterday he might not go on the trip.
ȥ
Used to express a higher degree of deference or politeness thanmay, ought,  or should : 
ԣڱʾΪòmayought  should ί 
Might I express my opinion?
ҿԷ?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English meahte, mihte [first and third person sing. past tense of] magan [to be able] * see  may 1
Դ Ӣ meahte, mihte  [] maganĵһ͵˳Ƶȥʱ [ܹ] *μ may1
?
In many Southern varieties of English,might is used in the double modal construction with could,  as inWe might could park over there.  Less frequently,one hearsmay can  and 
might should.  These constructions are not familiar to the majority of American speakersand are best avoided in formal writing.
ϷӢıУmight  could һڡ˫̬ʡṹУ ǿ԰ѳͣǱߡ  Щʱ˻ʹmay can  might could  ڴ󲿷
˵÷ʽӢñʹ

= =
migrate
mi.grate
AHD:[mogr3t] 
D.J.[6ma!7gre!t]
K.K.[6ma!7gret]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
mi.grat.ed,mi.grat.ing,mi.grates 
To move from one country or region and settle in another.
ƾӣǨ㣺һһǨƵһһ
To change location periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to another.
Ǩƣܣڱ任ڵأָԵشһǨƵһ
?
Latin migr3e  migr3t- * see  mei- 1
 migr3e  migr3t- *μ mei- 1
?
migrator
n.ʣ
?
Migrate,  which is used of people and animals, sometimes implies a lack of permanent settlement,especially as a result of seasonal or periodic movement.Emigrate  and immigrate  are 
used only of people and imply a permanent move,generally across a political boundary.Emigrate  describes the move relative to the point of departure:  
Migrate ˺Ͷ ʱȱõľס֮⣬ָڼԻǨԭEmigrate  immigrate ָˣ ζԵǨƣһָԽ
ϵĽ硣Emigrate ĺ뿪йأ  
After the Nazis came to power in Germany, many scientists emigrated (that is, left Germany). 
ɴȡ˵¹Ȩ֮ѧҶǨˣҲ˵뿪˵¹ 
By contrast,immigrate describes the move relative to the destination:  
֮ԣimmigrate ָ뵽Ŀйصƶ  
The promise of prosperity in the United States encouraged many people to immigrate (that is, move to the United States). 
ǰڶҲָǨ 

= =
mild
mild
AHD:[mold] 
D.J.[ma!ld]
K.K.[ma!ld]
adj.ݴʣ
mild.er,mild.est 
Gentle or kind in disposition, manners, or behavior.
º͵ģ顢ֹΪŻ
Moderate in type, degree, effect, or force:
ͻģͺš̶ȡûеģ
a mild pipe tobacco; a mild sedative.
ζ̲ݣƽ͵򾲼
Not extreme:
ǿҵģ
a mild winter storm.
º͵Ķѩ
Warm and full of sunshine; pleasant:
ů͵ģůҳģ˵ģ
a mild spring day; mild weather in June.
ů˵Ĵ죻˵
Not severe or acute:
΢ģػģ
a mild fever.
ȷ
Easily molded, shaped, or worked; malleable:
ɶ͵ģɱ졢ͻģɶ͵ģ
mild steel.
ɶ͸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English milde * see  mel- 1
Դ Ӣ milde *μ mel- 1
?
mildly
adv.ʣ
mildness
n.ʣ

= =
mile
mile
AHD:[mol] 
D.J.[ma!l]
K.K.[ma!l]
n.Abbr. mi.,m.ʣд mi.,m.
A unit of length equal to 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards (1,609 meters), used in the United States and other English-speaking countries.Also called  land mile ,statute mile See table at 
measurement 
Ӣһֳȵλ5,280Ӣ߻1,760(1,609ףӢĹʹҲ  land mile,statute mileμ measurement
A nautical mile.

An air mile.
Ӣ
Sports A race that is one mile long.
˶ һӢܣΪһӢı
A relatively great distance:
Ժܴľ룺
had to walk for miles in the airport.
ڻߺܳ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English mol 
Դ Ӣ mol 
from Latin mo) [a thousand (double paces), a Roman mile] [pl. of] molle [thousand] * see  gheslo- 
Դ  mo) [һǧһӢ]  [] molleĸ [ǧ] *μ gheslo- 

= =
militant
mil.i.tant
AHD:[m1l1-tnt] 
D.J.[6m!l!t*nt]
K.K.[6m!l!t*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Fighting or warring.
սеĻսе
Having a combative character; aggressive, especially in the service of a cause:
սģսԵģкսģԵģĳҵУ
a militant political activist.
һսλ
n.ʣ
A fighting, warring, or aggressive person or party.
ʿսˣһսսлս˻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin mo3ns}  molitant- [present participle of] molit3re [to serve as a soldier] * see  militate 
Դ  mo3ns}  molitant-  [] molit3reڷִ [ʿ] *μ militate
?
militance  
militancy
n.ʣ
militantly
adv.ʣ

= =
military
mil.i.tar.y
AHD:[m1l1-tr?] 
D.J.[6m!l!7teri8]
K.K.[6m!l!7tWri]
adj.Abbr. mil.ݴʣд mil.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of members of the armed forces:
˵ģװĳԱġ֮صĻ֮Ϊģ
a military bearing; military attire.
˵ȣ˵ķװ
Performed or supported by the armed forces:
װģװִлֵ֧ģ
military service.

Of or relating to war:
սĻ֮صģ
military operations.
ж
Of or relating to land forces.
½ģ½Ļ֮ص
n.ʣ
 military Ҳ mil.i.tar.ies  
Armed forces:
װ
a country ruled by the military.
ɾͳεĹ
Members, especially officers, of an armed force.
ˣװĳԱָ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin mo3ris} 
Դ  mo3ris} 
from mos  molit- [soldier] 
Դ mos  molit- [ʿ] 
?
militarily
AHD:[-tar-l?] ʣ

= =
milk
milk
AHD:[m1lk] 
D.J.[m!lk]
K.K.[m!lk]
n.ʣ
A whitish liquid containing proteins, fats, lactose, and various vitamins and minerals that is produced by the mammary glands of all mature female mammals after they have given birth 
and serves as nourishment for their young.
̣飺һְɫҺ壬еʡ֬ǺͶάغͿʣгԲ鶯ٻڳҺ壬׶
The milk of cows, goats, or other animals, used as food by human beings.
ţ̣ţ̣Ϊʳ
A liquid, such as coconut milk, milkweed sap, plant latex, or various medical emulsions, that is similar to milk in appearance.
״Һһ̵Һ壬Ҭֲ֭֭ҺֲҺҩ״Һ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
milk cows; milk products.
ţƷ
v.ʣ
milked,milk.ing,milks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw milk from the teat or udder of (a female mammal).
̣ӣԲ鶯ͷ鷿м
To draw or extract a liquid from:
ե֭ӡեȡ֭Һ
milked the stem for its last drops of sap.
Ӿեһ֭
To press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking:
ȡƼ̵ķȡ
milk venom from a snake.
ȡߵĶ
Informal 
ʽ 
To draw out or extract something from, as if by milking:
׳һȡե
milked the witness for information.
֤˿׳֤
To obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve personal gain; exploit:
եȡѹեӡõǮôıȡ棻
The dictator and his cronies had milked their country of somewhere between $5 billion and $10 billion(Russell Watson)
߼ŴǵĹեȡԼ50ڵ100Ԫ(ɭ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To yield or supply milk.
̣̣ṩţ
To draw milk from a female mammal.
̣ӴԲ鶯ϼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English milc * see  melg- 
Դ Ӣ milc *μ melg- 
?
milker
n.ʣ

= =
mill
mill 1
AHD:[m1l] 
D.J.[m!l]
K.K.[m!l]
n.ʣ
A building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour or meal.
ĥĥ۳װнĥۻĥ۵Ļĳ
A device or mechanism that grinds grain.
ĥʣĥۻĥװûе
A machine or device that reduces a solid or coarse substance into pulp or minute grains by crushing, grinding, or pressing:
ĥͨѹ顢ĥѹֲڵĥɽ״СĻװã
a pepper mill.
ĥ
A machine that releases the juice of fruits and vegetables by pressing or grinding:
ե֭ͨѹĥեˮ߲֭ҺĻ
a cider mill.
ƻե֭
A machine, such as one for stamping coins, that produces something by the repetition of a simple process.
ĥݱ߻ͨظ򵥵ĹƷĻѹӡǮҵĻ
A steel roller bearing a raised design, used for making a die or a printing plate by pressure.
ģ¡ĸƹͲѹӡģӡ
Any of various machines for shaping, cutting, polishing, or dressing metal surfaces.
ֻ졢иĥֲıĻ
A building or group of buildings equipped with machinery for processing raw materials into finished or industrial products:
쳧һһ鳧װнԭƳɳƷҵƳƷĻ
a textile mill; a steel mill.
֯
A building or collection of buildings that has machinery for manufacture; a factory.
һһ鳧װĻ
A process, an agency, or an institution that operates in a routine way or turns out products in the manner of a factory:
촦ģƷĲţйµķʽ繤ƷĻ²ţ
The college was nothing more than a diploma mill.
ѧԺֻǸƾ쳧
A slow or laborious process:
Ḷ́
It took three years to get the bill through the legislative mill.
߳
v.ʣ
milled,mill.ing,mills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grind, pulverize, or break down into smaller particles in a mill.
ĥ飺ĥĥƳϸСĿ
To transform or process mechanically in a mill.
ĥԻеӹͨĥλ
To shape, polish, dress, or finish in a mill or with a milling tool.
ƲģΣĥͨĥ߳ΡĥƳ
To produce a ridge around the edge of (a coin).
ߣӡߣڣǮңӡһȦ͹ı
To groove or flute the rim of (a coin or other metal object).
ӡۣڣǮһƷıӡ۵
To agitate or stir until foamy.
裺ɻĭ
Western U.S. To halt (a cattle stampede) by turning the lead animals in a wide arc so that they form the center of a gradually tightening spiral.
 ʹȺȦתͨͷȦγսĶֹţȺľܣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move around in churning confusion:
ܣҴаĻеƶ
A crowd of school children milled about on the curb looking scared(Anne Tyler)
һȺСѧ·Ĵܣȥ˾š(ݡ̩)
Slang To fight with the fists; box.
ٵ ȭȭͷʹ
To undergo milling.
ĥĥ
?
Middle English milne, mille 
йӢ milne, mille 
from Old English mylen 
Դ Ӣ mylen 
from Late Latin moloonum} [from feminine and neuter of] molonus [of a mill] 
Դ  moloonum}  [] ԴmolonusԴʺԴ [ĥ] 
from Latin mola [millstone] 
Դ  mola [ĥʯ] 
from molere [to grind] * see  mel- 
Դ molere [ĥ] *μ mel- 
?
Tomill,  in Western U.S. English, means to halt a cattle stampede by turning the lead animals.In theOxford English Dictionary  we find this 19th-century example of the verb: At 
last the cattle ran with less energy, and it was presently easy to mill them into a circle and to turn them where it seemed most desirable (Munsey's Magazine).This usage ofmill  
comes from the resemblance of the cattle's circular motion to the action of millstones. A related intransitive sense of the verb is better known in Standard English: A crowd milled around 
in the street. Originally this sense ofmill  also meant circular motion; now it means to move around in churning confusionwith no pattern in particular.
Mill ˵ӢУ ΪͨͷȦֹţȺľܡţӢʵ У ǿҵö19÷ӣ ţȺܵÿ
ûˣʱ׵ͷţţƽȦȻǸϵʵĵطȥ â־Mill ÷ţȺȦĥʯ֮ ô
ﶯʱеصڱ׼ӢиΪ һȺڴ϶Ȧӡ Mill һ屾ָת˶ ָаĻеƶ
ָ
?
Industrial mill towns are a far cry from the small water mill grinding grain near an Anglo-Saxon settlement,but the same wordmill  is used in both contexts, showing how the meaning of a 
word can be generalized.The Old English wordmylen,  water mill for grinding grain, is itself adopted from Late Latinmoloa  or molo,  mill, just as the Germanic peoples, such as 
the Anglo-Saxons, adopted the water mill from the Romans.In Middle Englishmilne,  the descendant of the Old English word, was generalized to refer to a windmill, any power-driven mill 
for grinding grain, and a fulling mill.But it was left for the postmedieval,increasingly industrialized world really to generalize the meaning ofmill,  applying it to machines such as pepper 
mills and cider millsand buildings such as textile mills and steel mills.Mill town is first recorded in 1847. 
ҵԭ³-ѷ˾סظֿˮƶĥСĥʴͬmill ʶã ֳĳһʻ˼ǿи
ġӢmylen һСĥˮĥ˼ ɺеmolina  molinum Ϊĥʡ նеİ³-ѷ˴
ˮĥйӢmilne һɹӢʶ Ĵ󣬿ָ糵κοĥĥԼϴڣϷչĹҵʹmill 
 ָĥƻե֭ȻҲָ֯ȹMill town 1847 
?
mill
mill 2
AHD:[m1l] 
D.J.[m!l]
K.K.[m!l]
n.Abbr. mi.,M.ʣд mi.,M.
A monetary unit equal to !/1000 of a U.S. dollar or !/10 of a cent.
ܶһֻҵλ!/1000Ԫ!/10
?
Short for Latin mo?simus} [thousandth] * see  mil 
  mo?simusļд} [ǧ֮һ] *μ mil
?
Mill
Mill
AHD:[m1l] James (1773-1836) 
D.J.[m!l]
K.K.[m!l]
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish philosopher, economist, and a founder of utilitarianism. His works includeAnalysis of the Mind  (1829). 
գղķ˹(1773-1836) ոѧҡѧҺ͹ĴʼˡƷС 1829꣩ 
?
Mill
MillJohn Stuart (1806-1873)
NONE޴ԣ
British philosopher and economist known especially for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism. His many works includeA System of Logic  (1843), Principles of Political 
Economy  (1848), and The Subjection of Women  (1869). 
գԼ˹ͼأ(1806-1873) ӢѧҼѧңԾ͹ĲͶ࣬С߼ϵ 1843꣩ ξѧԭ 1848
 ŮĴλ 1869꣩ 

= =
millimetre
mil.li.me.tre
AHD:[m1l-m?tr] 
D.J.[6m!l*7mi8t*]
K.K.[6m!l*7mit+]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of millimeter 
 millimeterı

= =
million
mil.lion
AHD:[m1lyn] 
D.J.[6m!lj*n]
K.K.[6m!lj*n]
n.ʣ
 million  mil.lions  
The cardinal number equal to 106. 
һ򣺻106 
A million monetary units, such as dollars:
Ԫ򼶻ҵλԪ
made a million in the stock market.
ڹƱг׬һ
Often millions An indefinitely large number:
  millions ޵ļ
millions of bicycles on the road.
·г
Often millions The common people; the masses:
  millions ڣͨϰգȺڣ
entertainment for the millions.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French milion 
Դ ŷ milion 
probably from Old Italian milione [augmentative of] mille [thousand] 
Դ  milione  [] milleɷ [ǧ] 
from Latin moe * see  gheslo- 
Դ  moe *μ gheslo- 
?
million
adj.ݴʣ

= =
mind
mind
AHD:[mond] 
D.J.[ma!nd]
K.K.[ma!nd]
n.ʣ
The human consciousness that originates in the brain and is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory, and imagination.
ͷԣģڴԵʶ˼롢֪СԸֳ
The collective conscious and unconscious processes in a sentient organism that direct and influence mental and physical behavior.
ǣʶоָӺӰΪʶʶȫ
The principle of intelligence; the spirit of consciousness regarded as an aspect of reality.
ıԴʵһʶ
The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and applying knowledge:
ǣ˼Ӧ֪ʶ
Follow your mind, not your heart.
Ƕܸ
A person of great mental ability:
вǵˣм˼ˣ
the great minds of the century.
͵Ĵ˼
Individual consciousness, memory, or recollection:
Ժ䣺˵ʶ䣺
I'll bear the problem in mind.
һס
A person or group that embodies certain mental qualities:
СͷԵˣĳ˼˻Ⱥ
the medical mind; the public mind.
ҽѧͷԵˣйͷԵ
The thought processes characteristic of a person or group; psychological makeup:
˼˼ĳ˻ĳһȺΪ˼̣
the criminal mind.

Opinion or sentiment:
򿴷
He changed his mind when he heard all the facts.
֪ʵı˿
Desire or inclination:
Ը
She had a mind to spend her vacation in the desert.
㵽ɳĮȼ
Focus of thought; attention:
˼ע
I can't keep my mind on work.
޷о
A healthy mental state; sanity:
ȫǣ־
losing one's mind.
ʧȥ
Mind Christian Science The Deity regarded as the perfect intelligence ruling over all of divine creation.
 Mind ̿ѧɡ ϵۣͳľǻ۵
v.ʣ
mind.ed,mind.ing,minds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember.
ʹʹǵãԺв۵㣩
To become aware of; notice.
ע⣺ʶע
Upper Southern U.S. To have in mind as a goal or purpose; intend.
ϲƫ 㣺ΪĿĿĴԺ֮У
To heed in order to obey:
ӣԱӣ
The children mind well.
Ǻ
To attend to:
ע⣺
Mind closely what I tell you.
עҸĻ
To be careful about:
ģģ
Mind the icy sidewalk!
СĽе
To care about; be concerned about.
ϣ
To object to; dislike:
ԣϲ
doesn't mind doing the chores.

To take care or charge of; look after.
ܣܻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take notice; give heed.
ע⣻
To behave obediently.
ӣֹ˳
To be concerned or troubled; care:
ģĻǣӣ
Not minding about bad food has become a national obsession(Times Literary Supplement)
ӱʳѳΪȫ⡱(ʱѧ)
To be cautious or careful.
СĻ
?
Middle English minde 
йӢ minde 
from Old English gemynd * see  men- 1
Դ Ӣ gemynd *μ men- 1
?
minder
n.ʣ
?
mind,intellect,intelligence,brain,wit,reason
These nouns denote the faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledge.
Щʶʾ˼ȡ֪ʶ
 Mind,   opposed toheart, soul,  or spirit,  refers broadly to the capacities for thought, perception, memory, and decision: 
 Mind  heartsoul  spirit ԣ ָ˼롢֪;ϵ 
No passion so effectually robs the mind of all its powers of acting and reasoning as fear (Edmund Burke).
ûһָ־һɰͷԵΪ˼ ɡˣ
 Intellect  stresses the capacity for knowing, thinking, and understanding as contrasted with feeling and willing: 
 Intellect  ǿ֪˼άԼ֪ԸԵ 
Opinion is ultimately determined by the feelings, and not by the intellect (Herbert Spencer).
۵ȫжǾġ ղء˹
 Intelligence   implies the capacity for solving problems, learning from experience, and reasoning abstractly: 
 Intelligence  ʾ⡢Ӿѧϰ 
The world of the future will be an ever more demanding struggle against the limitations of our intelligence (Norbert Wiener).
δ罫һͻ޵ĸȵĶ ŵءάɣ
 Brain  suggests strength of intellect: 
 Brain  ˼άĺ壺 
Anyone with a brain knows that overwork leads to decreased efficiency.
ͷԵ˶֪ȹή͹Чʡ
Many of the most successful people are endowed with brains, talent, and perseverance.
þ޴ɹ˶зǷǻۡԼͲε
Wit  stresses quickness of intelligence or facility of comprehension: 
Wit  ǿӦѸٻúܿ죺 
There is no such whetstone, to sharpen a good wit and encourage a will to learning, as is praise (Roger Ascham). 
ûһֶһĥ»ǵԸ ޽ܡ˹ķ 
He lacks formal education but is adept at living by his wits.
ȱĽȴͨǻúܺá
Reason,  the capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought, embraces comprehending, evaluating, and drawing conclusions: 
Reason  ָ߼ͷʾ⡢ۻóۣ 
I am sure that, since I have had the full use of my reason, nobody has ever heard me laugh (Earl of Chesterfield).See also Synonyms at  tend 2
Ҹҿ϶Դȫ֮ûЦ ˹طƶ²μͬ tend2

= =
mine
mine 1
AHD:[mon] 
D.J.[ma!n]
K.K.[ma!n]
n.ʣ
An excavation in the earth from which ore or minerals can be extracted.
󣬿󾮣ɾʯĵ¿ӵ
The site of such an excavation, with its surface buildings, elevator shafts, and equipment.
ɽ󳡣ڵؼϽͨ豸
A deposit of ore or minerals in the earth or on its surface.
أ»Ͽʯʵص
An abundant supply or source of something valuable:
ԴȪ⣺ĳЩмֵƷķḻԴȪ
This guidebook is a mine of information.
ⱾָϵķḻԴ
A tunnel dug under an enemy emplacement to gain an avenue of attack or to lay explosives.
׿ӵΪ˽򰲷ըҩڵ˷ھĿӵ
An explosive device used to destroy enemy personnel, shipping, fortifications, or equipment, often placed in a concealed position and designed to be detonated by contact, proximity, or 
a time fuse.
ףˮףһݻٵоӡﱤװıװãͨδڽӴʱ
A burrow or tunnel made by an insect, especially a corridor on a leaf made by a leaf miner.
ǱɵĹָۣǱҶҶɵͨ
v.ʣ
mined,min.ing,mines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To extract (ore or minerals) from the earth.
ɾ򣺴ӵ²ɾ򣨿ʯ
To dig a mine in (the earth) to obtain ore or minerals.
ڣ£Իÿʯ
To tunnel under (the earth or a surface feature).
ڹڣػ㣩֮ڹ
To make (a tunnel) by digging.
ڳͨھڳɣ
To lay explosive mines in or under.
ڡףڡ֮л֮°ŵ׻ˮ
To attack, damage, or destroy by underhand means; subvert.
߸ƻͨεֶϽ𺦻ƻ٣߸
To delve into and make use of; exploit:
ãڡҺãã
mine the archives for detailed information.
ڵѰϸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To excavate the earth for the purpose of extracting ore or minerals.
󣬲ɿΪɿʯھ
To work in a mine.
ڿϹ
To dig a tunnel under the earth, especially under an enemy emplacement or fortification.
ھӵڵھӵָڵ˵̨֮
To lay explosive mines.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *moa 
Դ  *moa 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
mine
mine 2
AHD:[mon] 
D.J.[ma!n]
K.K.[ma!n]
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to me:
ҵģʾҵĶ
The green gloves are mine. If you can't find your hat, take mine.
ǸҵġҲñӣʹҵİ
adj.ݴʣ
 I1иʽ   
Used instead ofmy  before an initial vowel or the letter h.  
ҵģԪĸĸh ǰ my  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English mon * see  me- 1
Դ Ӣ mon *μ me- 1

= =
miner
min.er
AHD:[monr] 
D.J.[6ma!n*]
K.K.[6ma!n+]
n.ʣ
One whose work or business it is to extract ore or minerals from the earth.
󹤣´ӵص׷ʯʹ
A machine for the automatic extraction of minerals, especially of coal.
ɿԶɾأָúĻ
A member of a military unit engaged in laying explosive mines.
ӵŵ׵ľ֯ĳԱ
Zoology A leaf miner.
ѧ ǱҶ

= =
mineral
min.er.al
AHD:[m1nr-l] 
D.J.[6m!n*r*l]
K.K.[6m!n*r*l]
n.ʣ
A naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystalline structure, color, and hardness.
һȻɵͬ޻壬ȷĻѧɷֺͶصľṹɫӲ
Any of various natural substances, as:
Ȼʵһ֣磺
An element, such as gold or silver.
ԪأһԪأ
An organic derivative, such as coal or petroleum.
лһлúʯ
A substance, such as stone, sand, salt, or coal, that is extracted or obtained from the ground or water and used in economic activities.
һʣʯͷɳӡλúػˮȡãھ
A substance that is neither animal nor vegetable; inorganic matter.
޻ȷǶҲֲʣ޻
An inorganic element, such as calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, or zinc, that is essential to the nutrition of human beings, animals, and plants.
޻Ԫأ޻ԪأءƻпΪࡢֲӪزٵĳɷ
An ore.
ʯ
minerals Chiefly British Mineral water.
 minerals Ӣ Ȫˮ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to minerals:
ģĻ֮صģ
a mineral deposit.

Impregnated with minerals.
޻յ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin miner3e [from neuter of] miner3lis [pertaining to mines] 
Դ  miner3e  [] Դminer3lisԴ [йڿ] 
from Old French miniere [mine] 
Դ ŷ miniere [] 
from mine * see  mine 1
Դ mine *μ mine1

= =
mingle
min.gle
AHD:[m1nggl] 
D.J.[6m!0g*l]
K.K.[6m!0g*l]
v.ʣ
min.gled,min.gling,min.gles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics.See Synonyms at mix 
ʹϣʹ죺ʹϻһͨʧȥԲμ mix
To mix so that the components become united; merge.
ʹϣʹֽһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become mixed or united.
ϣϣǻΪϻ
To join or take part with others:
һμӣ
The alumnae mingled with the trustees.
붭½ŮУ
?
Middle English menglen [frequentative of] mengen [to mix] 
йӢ menglen  [] mengenظ [] 
from Old English mengan * see  mag- 
Դ Ӣ mengan *μ mag- 
?
mingler
n.ʣ

= =
miniature
min.i.a.ture
AHD:[m1n?--ch?r, -chr, m1n-] 
D.J.[6m!ni8*7t.&*, -t.*, 6m!n*-]
K.K.[6m!ni*7t.&r, -t.+, 6m!n*-]
n.ʣ
A copy or model that represents or reproduces something in a greatly reduced size.
΢ģֻͣĳﵫߴѼС˵ĸƷģ
Something small of its class.
СһеС
A small painting executed with great detail, often on a surface such as ivory or vellum.
˻ͨƤֽϵĿ̻΢΢ͻ
A small portrait, picture, or decorative letter on an illuminated manuscript.
ΣװεϵСͼװĸ
The art of painting miniatures.
΢񣨻ͼ滭΢ͻ
adj.ݴʣ
Being on a small or greatly reduced scale.See Synonyms at small 
С͵Ļ΢СģߴСߴúСĲμ small
?
Italian miniatura [illumination of manuscripts, small painting] 
 miniatura [װΣ΢] 
from miniare [to illuminate] 
Դ miniare [װ] 
from Latin mini3e [to color red] 
Դ  mini3e [ͿϺɫ] 
from minium [red lead] 
Դ minium [Ǧ] 
?
miniaturist
n.ʣ

= =
minimal
min.i.mal
AHD:[m1n-ml] 
D.J.[6m!n*m*l]
K.K.[6m!n*m*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Smallest in amount or degree.
Сģڳ̶ȺС
Small in amount or degree.
Сģٵģ̶ٵ
Only barely adequate.
չ
Often Minimal Of, relating to, or being minimalism.
  Minimal ģ뼫йصĻ򼫼
?
minimality
AHD:[-m2l1-t?] ʣ
minimally
adv.ʣ
?
Etymologically,minimal is properly used to refer to the smallest possible amount, as inThe amplifier reduces distortion to the minimal level that can be obtained with present 
technologies.  In recent years, however,the word has come to be used to refer simply to a small amount,as inIf you would just put in a minimal amount of time on your homework, I am 
sure your grades would improve.  Critics have often objected to this extension,but it appears to be well established.To determine the acceptability of the newer use,we presented the 
Usage Panel with the sentence 
ӴԴѧ˵minimal ӦȷָСĿ ̨ܽʧΪǰˮƽдﵽ޶  ǽ˴ѱʾһٵ
ڼڼͥҵϻһʱĻҸҿ϶ĳɼõ һС Ǿ죬ƺѱ㷺ܡΪȷֽ÷ı̶ܳȣ
¾÷ 
Alcohol has a particularly unpleasant effect on me when I have a minimal amount of food in my stomach. 
ҵθֻмʳʱȾƾͻҷǳܡ 
Under the strict interpretation ofminimal,  this sentence should mean only Alcohol has an unpleasant effect when I have eaten nothing.If the looser interpretation is allowed, 
however,the sentence can also mean  . . . when I have eaten a bit.Presented with the sentence, 29 percent of the Usage Panel said that it could have only the eaten nothing 
(that is, the strict) interpretation;34 percent said that it could have only the eaten a bit (that is, the looser) interpretation;and 37 percent said that it could have either meaning.Thus 
the looser sense ofminimal  is accepted by 71 percent of the Panel and must be considered acceptable in nontechnical use.  In an analogous shift,the verbminimize  is often used to 
mean to reduce, an extension of its strict etymological sense of to reduce to the smallest possible level.This looser usage is the result of the imprecision that usually attaches 
to the use of the verb in most nontechnical contexts.When a manager announces thatThe company wants to minimize the risk of accidents to line workers,  we naturally interpret the 
manager as meaning that the risk is to be reduced to the smallest level consistent with considerations of efficiency and cost,not that risks are to be reduced to the lowest level logically 
possible.Even when used with allowable imprecision, however, the verbminimize  should carry some implication that the relevant quantity is reduced as much as could reasonably be 
expected in the circumstances.Thusminimize  retains at least an approximately superlative sense and so is inconsistent with modification by adverbs such asgreatly  or considerably,  
which imply that the verb is being used as a simple synonym forlessen  or reduce.  
еminimal ˼Ƚϸ ôһֻΪʲôûʱȾƻҺܡȽϿĴõϣôһͬʱҲСҳԹһ
ʱ˼ٷ֮ʮŵ÷רʹСԱΪһֻܵʲôԡϸϵĴ壩ٷ֮ʮĵĳԱ˵ֻСԹһ㡱һ
Щģ壻ٷ֮ʮߵĳԱ˵ֺ嶼áminimal ĺ屻÷רʹСİٷ֮ʮһĳԱܡ Ƶǣminimize ָ
١ 䡰ٵСˮƽϸϵ졣һϿĺǷǼʹһʵĲȷԶĽһƹ˾ͼϹ
ٳ¹ʵķսͣ  ȻΪ˼ǹ¹ʷսһͬʱֿЧʺͳɱС̶ȣ߼ϿԴﵽͳ̶ȡʹڿ
ȷĳ̶ʹʱmininize ҲӦһ˼ ѱٵĺĳ̶ȡminimize ȻһִΪ߼˼ 
Щgreatly  considerably ܴʹã ΪЩʰʾһʱlessen  reduce ͬʶʹ 

= =
minimize
min.i.mize
AHD:[m1n-moz] 
D.J.[6m!n*7ma!z]
K.K.[6m!n*7ma!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
min.i..mized,min.i..miz.ing,min.i..miz.es 
To reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree.
ٵ޶ȣΧߴ̶С
Usage Problem To reduce.See Usage Note at minimal 
÷ѡ ٲμ minimal
To represent as having the least degree of importance, value, or size:
ӣҪԡֵߴ磺
minimized the magnitude of the crisis.See Synonyms at decry 
Σĳ̶Ȳμ decry
?
From minimum 
Դ minimum
?
minimization
AHD:[-m1-z3shn] ʣ
minimizer
n.ʣ

= =
minimum
min.i.mum
AHD:[m1n-mm] 
D.J.[6m!n*m*m]
K.K.[6m!n*m*m]
n.ʣ
 min.i.mums  min.i.ma [-m]  д min.
The least possible quantity or degree.
ͣС̶
The lowest degree or amount reached or recorded; the lower limit of variation.
͵㣬޶ȣܴﵽܼ¼ͳ̶ȻС仯Χڵ޶
A lower limit permitted by law or other authority.
޶ȣɻȨ޶
A sum of money set by a nightclub or restaurant as the least amount each patron must spend on food and drink.
ѣֲ򷹹ݹ涨ÿ˱ʳѵͽ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The smallest number in a finite set of numbers.
СֵһȷеС
A value of a function that is less than any other value of the function over a specific interval.
СֵһضڱκκֵСĺֵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, consisting of, or representing the lowest possible amount or degree permissible or attainable.
͵ģлܻõĻ͵ĿĻ̶ȵģ֮йص
?
Latin [from neuter of] minimus [least] * see  mei- 2
  [] ԴminimusԴ [] *μ mei- 2

= =
minister
min.is.ter
AHD:[m1n1-str] 
D.J.[6m!n!st*]
K.K.[6m!n!st+]
n.Abbr. min.ʣд min.
One who is authorized to perform religious functions in a Christian church, especially a Protestant church.
ʦ̻Уָ½бȨڽ̻
Roman Catholic Church The superior in certain orders.
̡ ض̽еĽְ
A high officer of state appointed to head an executive or administrative department of government.
쵼еһִлŵĹҸ߼Ա
An authorized diplomatic representative of a government, usually ranking next below an ambassador.
ʹȨһ⽻ʹڣͨλڴʹ
A person serving as an agent for another by carrying out specified orders or functions.
ִߣִͨضضö䵱˵Ĵ˵
v.ʣ
min.is.tered,min.is.ter.ing,min.is.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To attend to the wants and needs of others:
Ԯչ˻裺
Volunteers ministered to the homeless after the flood.See Synonyms at tend 2
ˮ־Ը޼ҿɹṩμ tend2
To perform the functions of a cleric.
ִʦְ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To administer or dispense, as a sacrament.
ַֻʥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French ministre 
Դ ŷ ministre 
from Latin minister [servant] * see  mei- 2
Դ  minister [] *μ mei- 2

= =
ministry
min.is.try
AHD:[m1n1-str?] 
D.J.[6m!n!stri8]
K.K.[6m!n!stri]
n.ʣ
 min.is.tries 
The act of serving; ministration.
񣺷Ϊ
One that serves as a means; an instrumentality.
ߣ䵱ߵĶ
The profession, duties, and services of a minister.
ʦְʦְҵְͷ
The Christian clergy.
ȫ壩ʦʦ
The period of service of a minister.
ʦڣ䵱ʦʱ
A governmental department presided over by a minister.
ɲֹһ
The building in which such a department is housed.
칫¥칫ڵ
The duties, functions, or term of a governmental minister.
һְ𡢹ܻ
Often Ministry Governmental ministers considered as a group.
  Ministry ڸԱܳ
?
Middle English ministerie 
йӢ ministerie 
from Old French ministere 
Դ ŷ ministere 
from Latin ministerium 
Դ  ministerium 
from minister [servant] * see  mei- 2
Դ minister [] *μ mei- 2

= =
minor
mi.nor
AHD:[monr] 
D.J.[6ma!n*]
K.K.[6ma!n+]
adj.Abbr. min.ݴʣд min.
Lesser or smaller in amount, extent, or size.
СģٵģģߴϽٻС
Lesser in importance, rank, or stature:
ϵ͵ģҪԡ̶Ͻϵ͵ģ
a minor politician.

Lesser in seriousness or danger:
΢ģس̶ȻΣϽģ
a minor injury.

Law Being under legal age; not yet a legal adult.
ɡ δģڷµģδΪϿɵĳ
Chiefly British Relating to or being the junior or younger of two pupils with the same surname.
Ӣ ٵģָͬյѧ꼶ϵͻСĻ֮йص
Of or relating to a secondary area of academic specialization.
޵ģѧרҵϵĵڶ
Logic Dealing with a more restricted category.
߼ѧ СģСǰģһϸйص
Music 
֡ 
Relating to or being a minor scale.
СģС׵ģС׵Ļйص
Less in distance by a half step than the corresponding major interval.
ģ̵ģٰ֮׵
Based on a minor scale:
Сģ׵ģС֮ϵģ
a minor key.
һС
n.ʣ
One that is lesser in comparison with others of the same class.
СߣͬȽ١СҪ
Law One who has not reached full legal age.
ɡ δˣδﵽ
A secondary area of specialized academic study, requiring fewer courses or credits than a major.
רҵѧоĵڶضҪĿγ̺ѧֱ޿Ҫ
One studying in a secondary area of specialization:
ѧѧϰڶרҵѧ
She is a chemistry minor.
ǻѧרҵĸѧ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
A minor premise.
Сǰ
A minor term.
С
Music A minor key, scale, or interval.
֡ С׻
minors Sports The minor leagues of a sport, especially baseball.
 minors ˶ Сˣһ˶С;ֲϻᣬָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
mi..nored,mi..nor.ing,mi..nors 
To pursue academic studies in a minor field:
ޣһڽѧо
minored in literature.
ѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin * see  mei- 2
Դ  *μ mei- 2

= =
minority
mi.nor.i.ty
AHD:[m-n?r1-t?, -n?r-, mo-] 
D.J.[m*6n%8r!ti8, -6nKr-, ma!-]
K.K.[m*6n%r!ti, -6n$r-, ma!-]
n.ʣ
 mi.nor.i.ties 
The smaller in number of two groups forming a whole.
ɣһȺϽٵһ
A group or party having fewer than a controlling number of votes.
ɣͶƱƱԿƽһɻһ
A racial, religious, political, national, or other group regarded as different from the larger group of which it is part.
ΪġеȺͬһ塢ڽ̡Ρ͵Ⱥ
A member of such a group.See Usage Note at color 
ȺһԱμ color
The state or period of being under legal age:
δ꣺δﵽ״ʱڣ
still in her minority.
Դδ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
the minority vote; minority political concerns.
ͶƱɵ
?
French minorit 
 minorit 
from Medieval Latin min?3s} 
Դ  min?3s} 
from Latin minor [smaller] * see  minor 
Դ  minor [С] *μ minor

= =
minus
mi.nus
AHD:[mons] 
D.J.[6ma!n*s]
K.K.[6ma!n*s]
prep.ʣ
Mathematics Reduced by the subtraction of; less:
ѧ ͨó
Nine minus three is six.
936
Informal Without:
ʽ ûУ
I went to work minus my briefcase.
ûйİȥϰ
adj.ݴʣ
Mathematics Negative or on the negative part of a scale:
ѧ ģĻڸֵģ
a minus value; minus five degrees.
һֵ
Ranking on the lower end of a designated scale:
ģһָļдڽϵλõģ
a grade of A minus.
A
n.ʣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The minus sign (-).

A negative quantity.
һֵ
A deficiency or defect.
ȱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin minus [comparative of] minor [less] * see  mei- 2
Դ  minus  [] minorıȽϼ [ٵ] *μ mei- 2

= =
minute
minute 1
AHD:[m1n1t] 
D.J.[6m!n!t]
K.K.[6m!n!t]
n.Abbr. min.,minʣд min.,min
A unit of time equal to one sixtieth of an hour, or 60 seconds.
֣һʱ䵥λΪһСʱʮ֮һ60
A unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth of a degree, or 60 seconds.Also called  minute of arc 
֣ǵĶλһȵʮ֮һ60Ҳ  minute of arc
A measure of the distance one can cover in a minute:
һֵ·̣һ־Ķλָһ߹·̣
lives ten minutes from school.
סѧУֻʮ·
A short interval of time; moment.See Synonyms at moment 
Ƭ̣һκ̵ܶʱ䣬һμ moment
A specific point in time:
ʱеһضĵ㣺
Stop that this minute!
ھ͸Ͽͣ
A note or summary covering points to be remembered; a memorandum.
¼ҪסҪıʼǻܽ᣻¼
minutes An official record of the proceedings at a meeting.
 minutes ¼̵ʽ¼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
min.ut.ed,min.ut.ing,min.utes 
To record in a memorandum or the minutes of a meeting.
¼뱸¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin (pars) min?oma)} [(first) minute (part)] 
Դ  (pars) min?oma)} [һӣ֣] 
from Latin min?a [feminine of] min?tus [small] * see  minute 2
Դ  min?a  [] min?tusԴ [С] *μ minute2
?
minute
minute 2
AHD:[mo-n?t, -ny?t, m1-] 
D.J.[ma!6nu8t, -6nju8t, m!-]
K.K.[ma!6nut, -6njut, m!-]
adj.ݴʣ
Exceptionally small; tiny.See Synonyms at small 
΢Сģ쳣Сģϸ΢Ĳμ small
Beneath notice; insignificant.
΢ģص
Characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination:
ϸģϸĹ۲ϸµоΪģ
held a minute inspection of the grounds.See Synonyms at detailed 
Եϸμ detailed
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin min?s [past participle of] minuere [to lessen] * see  mei- 2
Դ  min?s  [] minuereĹȥִ [] *μ mei- 2
?
minuteness
n.ʣ

= =
miracle
mir.a.cle
AHD:[m1r-kl] 
D.J.[6m!r*k*l]
K.K.[6m!r*k*l]
n.ʣ
An event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature and so is held to be supernatural in origin or an act of God:
ʥ漣һȻܽ͵¼ΪԳȻϵΪ
Miracles are spontaneous, they cannot be summoned, but come of themselves(Katherine Anne Porter)
漣ȻģǲǱٻԼ(ɪաݡ)
One that excites admiring awe.See Synonyms at wonder 
˾˻£ܼĽ˻²μ wonder
A miracle play.
ʥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin mo3culum} 
Դ  mo3culum} 
from mo3ro} [to wonder at] 
Դ mo3ro} [̾] 
from mos [wonderful] * see  smei- 
Դ mos [˾̾] *μ smei- 

= =
mirror
mir.ror
AHD:[m1rr] 
D.J.[6m!r*]
K.K.[6m!r+]
n.ʣ
A surface capable of reflecting sufficient undiffused light to form a virtual image of an object placed in front of it.Also called  looking glass 
ܹ㹻ķɢԹӶγɷǰʵͼһƽҲ  looking glass
Something that faithfully reflects or gives a true picture of something else.
ӣ壩ʵӳ͸һʵĻ
Something worthy of imitation.
ֵģµĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mir.rored,mir.ror.ing,mir.rors 
To reflect in or as if in a mirror:
ӳھлھӳ
The city mirrors many of the greatest moments of Western culture(Olivier Bernier)
зӳΰʱ̡(άҮҮ)
?
Middle English mirour 
йӢ mirour 
from Old French mireor 
Դ ŷ mireor 
from mirer [to look at] 
Դ mirer [] 
from Latin mo3ro} [to wonder at] 
Դ  mo3ro} [] 
from mos [wonderful] * see  smei- 
Դ mos [˾ȵ] *μ smei- 

= =
miserable
mis.er.a.ble
AHD:[m1zr--bl, m1zr-] 
D.J.[6m!z*r*b*l, 6m!zr*-]
K.K.[6m!z*r*b*l, 6m!zr*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Very uncomfortable or unhappy; wretched.
ʹģǳʻ򲻿ֵģ
Causing or accompanied by great discomfort or distress:
ܵģ»żزʻʹģ
a miserable climate.
˷ǳܵ
Mean or shameful; contemptible:
ӵĻɳܵģֵһ˵ģ
a miserable trick.
һӵİϷ
Wretchedly inadequate:
ٵÿģǳģ
lived in a miserable shack; fed the prisoners miserable rations.
סڿУٵÿĶ
Of poor quality; inferior:
ģܲģͼģ
miserable handicraft.
ŵĹƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin miser3s [pitiable] 
Դ  miser3s [] 
from miser3o} [to pity] 
Դ miser3o} [ϧ] 
from miser [wretched] 
Դ miser [] 
?
miserable
n.ʣ
miserableness
n.ʣ
miserably
adv.ʣ

= =
misery
mis.er.y
AHD:[m1z-r?] 
D.J.[6m!z*ri8]
K.K.[6m!z*ri]
n.ʣ
 mis.er.ies 
The state of suffering and want as a result of physical circumstances or extreme poverty.
ҵľʻ򼫶ƶµܿѻȱ״̬
Mental or emotional unhappiness or distress:
գϵĲˣ
Our happiness or misery depends on our dispositions, and not on our circumstances(Martha Washington)
ǵĻֻʹǵģĻġ(ɯʢ)
A cause or source of suffering.
ʹĸɻԭ
Informal A physical ache or ailment.
ʽ ϵʹ򼲲
?
Middle English miserie 
йӢ miserie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin miseria 
Դ  miseria 
from miser [wretched] 
Դ miser [] 

= =
misfortune
mis.for.tune
AHD:[m1s-f?rchn] 
D.J.[m!s6f%8t.*n]
K.K.[m!s6f%rt.*n]
n.ʣ
Bad fortune or ill luck.
ˣù
The condition resulting from bad fortune or ill luck:
¹ʣɶ˻ľ
wanted to help those in misfortune.
Щ澳
A distressing occurrence:
ù£ҵ£
Misfortunes are too apt to wear out Friendship(Charlotte Charke)
ҵꡱ(ء)
?
misfortune,adversity,mishap,mischance
These nouns all refer to a state or an instance of ill fortune or bad luck.
Щʶָʾһֻù״̬¼
 Misfortune,   which applies most broadly,often suggests the operation of distressing circumstances beyond the victim's control: 
 Misfortune  ÷Χ㣬ܺܿƵ˷յⲿת 
She had the misfortune to become gravely ill.
浹ùز
Adversity  frequently implies continuing hardship or affliction: 
Adversity  ϵļѺĥѣ 
debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity. Bothmishap  and mischance  connote slight or negligible incidents or consequences:  
ծ۵ũ澳ж Mishap  mischance ʶ΢Ļ΢¼Ӱ˼  
They arrived at their destination without any mishaps.
Ǻ޲صĿĵء
By mischance I dialed a wrong number. 
ܵùҲ˵绰 

= =
mislead
mis.lead
AHD:[m1s-l?d] 
D.J.[m!s6li8d]
K.K.[m!s6lid]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mis..led[-ld] mis.lead.ing,mis.leads 
To lead in the wrong direction.
ѡ
To lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving.See Synonyms at deceive 
ѡ;ѡ´˼Ϊָͨƭμ deceive
?
misleader
n.ʣ

= =
miss
miss 1
AHD:[m1s] 
D.J.[m!s]
K.K.[m!s]
v.ʣ
missed,miss.ing,miss.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fail to hit, reach, catch, meet, or otherwise make contact with.
δСδﵽδϡδδӴ
To fail to perceive, understand, or experience:
δδδ鵽
completely missed the point of the film.
ȫûⲿӰĺ
To fail to accomplish, achieve, or attain (a goal).
ûɡδȡûδﵽĿ꣩
To fail to attend or perform:
δϯδУ
never missed a day of work.
δȱ
To leave out; omit.
©ȥ
To let go by; let slip:
ʧȥ
miss a chance.
һλ
To escape or avoid:
ѻ⣺
narrowly missed crashing into the tree.
һײ
To discover the absence or loss of:
ʧ֡ڣ
I missed my book after getting off the bus without it.
û˹֮ŷ鶪
To feel the lack or loss of:
˼
Do you miss your family?
?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fail to hit or otherwise make contact with something:
δлδӴ
fired the final shot and missed again.
һǹû
To be unsuccessful; fail.
ʧܣδɹ
To misfire, as an internal-combustion engine.
㲻Żȼ
n.ʣ
A failure to hit, succeed, or find.
δСδɹδҵ
The misfiring of an engine.
޷
?
miss fire
To fail to discharge. Used of a firearm.
ʧܣָ
To fail to achieve the anticipated result.
δﵽԤڵĿ
miss out on
To lose a chance for:
᣺
missed out on the promotion.
Ļ
miss the boatʽ
To fail to avail oneself of an opportunity.
δû
To fail to understand.

?
Middle English missen 
йӢ missen 
from Old English missan * see  mei- 1
Դ Ӣ missan *μ mei- 1
?
miss
miss 2
AHD:[m1s] 
D.J.[m!s]
K.K.[m!s]
n.ʣ
Miss Used as a courtesy title before the surname or full name of a girl or single woman.See Usage Note at Ms. 
 Miss С㣺һŮŮջȫ֮ǰòĳƺμ Ms.
Used as a form of polite address for a girl or young woman:
С㣺ڶһŮŮӵòĳƺ
I beg your pardon, miss.
˵һ飬С
A young unmarried woman.
С㣺δŮ
Miss Used as a prefix to the name of that which a usually young woman is held to represent:
 Miss ǰ׺һͨŮԣ
She's Miss Personality.
Ůӵĸ
mis.ses A series of clothing sizes for women and girls of average height and proportions.
 mis.ses ŮŮ룺Ϊƽ߶ȺĵŮ˻Ůƶһϵ·ĳߴ
?
Short for mistress 
 mistressļд

= =
missile
mis.sile
AHD:[m1sl, -ol] 
D.J.[6m!s*l, -7a!l]
K.K.[6m!s*l, -7a!l]
n.ʣ
An object or a weapon that is fired, thrown, dropped, or otherwise projected at a target; a projectile.
Ͷӳ»ʽͶһĿһͶ
A guided missile.
ɵͶ
A ballistic missile.

n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
missile technology; a missile silo.
ֿ
?
Latin [from neuter of] missilis [able to be thrown] 
  [] ԴmissilisԴ [ܱͶ] 
from missus [past participle of] mittere [to let go, throw] 
Դ missus  [] mittereĹȥִ [ӳͷ] 

= =
missing
miss.ing
AHD:[m1s1ng] 
D.J.[6m!s!0]
K.K.[6m!s!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Not present; absent.
ڵģȱϯ
Lost:
ʧٵģ
a missing person; soldiers missing in action.
һʧԱжʧٵսʿ
Lacking; wanting:
ȱģȱٵģ
This book has 12 missing pages.
Ȿȱ˼ҳ

= =
mission
mis.sion
AHD:[m1shn] 
D.J.[6m!.*n]
K.K.[6m!.*n]
n.ʣ
A body of persons sent to conduct negotiations or establish relations with a foreign country.
⽻ʹţţһ̸лϵ
The business with which such a body of persons is charged.
ʹŵʹ⽻ʹʹ
A permanent diplomatic office abroad.
ʹݣʹݣش⽻פ
A body of experts or dignitaries sent to a foreign country.
ţһȺרһҪԱɵı
A body of persons sent to a foreign land by a religious organization, especially a Christian organization, to spread its faith or provide educational, medical, and other assistance.
ţţһڽ֯ǻ֯ǲģṩҽƻԮ
A mission established abroad.
ڹĴ
The district assigned to a mission worker.
һߵĵ
A building or compound housing a mission.
̻ķᣬŵķϾ
An organization for carrying on missionary work in a territory.
̻Ϊչ̻һĻ
missions Missionary duty or work.
 missions ̹̹ͻ
A Christian church or congregation with no cleric of its own that depends for support on a larger religious organization.
ãûԼʦڽֵ֧֯Ļ̽û
A series of special Christian services for purposes of proselytizing.
᣺ڸıڽĿĶеһϵضĻ̷
A welfare or educational organization established for the needy people of a district.
ƻΪһƶĸԻԻ
A special assignment given to a person or group:
ʹɸĳ˻ĳ
an agent on a secret mission.
ִĵԱ
A combat operation assigned to a person or military unit.
ս񣺷ɸһ˻µλսж
An aerospace operation intended to carry out specific program objectives:
̫жͼضĿĵص̫ж
a mission to Mars.
̫ж
An inner calling to pursue an activity or perform a service; a vocation.
ʹְ׷һֻʵһְٻְ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mis.sioned,mis.sion.ing,mis.sions 
To send on a mission.
ǲִ
To organize or establish a religious mission among or in.
ڡ֯
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a mission.
ŵģŵģŵģ봫йص
Of or relating to a style of architecture or furniture used in the early Spanish missions of California.
̻ʽģһ̻ʹõĽҾߵķйص
Often Mission Of, relating to, or having the distinctive qualities of an early 20th-century style of plain, heavy, dark-stained wood furniture.
  Mission ̻ʽҾߵģһ20ڵʵءɫϳƼҾߵ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin missi?}  missi?n- 
Դ  missi?}  missi?n- 
from missus [past participle of] mittere [to send off] 
Դ missus  [] mittereĹȥִ [] 
?
missional
adj.ݴʣ
?
Mission
Mission
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southern Texas near the Rio Grande west-northwest of Brownsville. It is a distribution center in an oil and farm region. Population, 28,653.
꣺ÿ˹ϲУλڲ˹άƫºӸũҵƷɢء˿28,653

= =
missionary
mis.sion.ar.y
AHD:[m1sh-nr?] 
D.J.[6m!.*7neri8]
K.K.[6m!.*7nWri]
n.ʣ
 mis.sion.ar.ies 
One who is sent on a mission, especially one sent to do religious or charitable work in a territory or foreign country.
ʿǲȥ̣Ǳǲһȥڽ̻ƹ
One who attempts to persuade or convert others to a particular program, doctrine, or set of principles; a propagandist.
ߣͼȰ˵ı˵ĹʹĳһضĿԭˣĴ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to missions or missionaries.
̵Ļ򴫽̻Ļйص
Engaged in the activities of a mission or missionary.
̻ģμӲ򴫽̻Ļ
Tending to propagandize or use insistent persuasion:
ʹòͣȰ˵ģ
missionary fervor.
Ŀ

= =
mist
mist
AHD:[m1st] 
D.J.[m!st]
K.K.[m!st]
n.ʣ
A mass of fine droplets of water in the atmosphere near or in contact with the earth.
ϸ꣺ӽ΢״ˮ
Water vapor condensed on and clouding the appearance of a surface.
ˮ
Fine drops of a liquid, such as water, perfume, or medication, sprayed into the air.
ϸСҺΣˮˮҩ
A suspension of fine drops of a liquid in a gas.
Һε
Something that dims or conceals.
״ʻĳ
A haze before the eyes that blurs the vision.
Ժǰʹģ
Something that produces or gives the impression of dimness or obscurity:
ʡģʻ谵Ч
the mists of the past.
ģ
A drink consisting of a liquor served over cracked ice.
˹أӱԾ
v.ʣ
mist.ed,mist.ing,mists 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become obscured or blurred by or as if by mist.
ģģǻģ򱻻·Ūģ
To rain in a fine shower.
ëë꣺ϸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To conceal or veil as if with mist.
ϣ·ϻڱ
To moisturize (plants or dry air, for example) with a fine spray of water.
ϸСˮ磬ֲĿˮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  meigh- 
Դ Ӣ *μ meigh- 

= =
mistake
mis.take
AHD:[m1-st3k] 
D.J.[m!6ste!k]
K.K.[m!6stek]
n.ʣ
An error or a fault resulting from defective judgment, deficient knowledge, or carelessness.
ȱݵжϣ֪ʶɵʧ
A misconception or misunderstanding.See Synonyms at error 
⣺μ error
v.ʣ
mis.took[m1-st?k] mis.tak.en[m1-st3kn] mis.tak.ing,mis.takes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To understand wrongly; misinterpret:
᣺⣻⣺
mistook my politeness for friendliness.
ҵòΪѺ
To recognize or identify incorrectly:
ϣ֪
He mistook her for her sister.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a mistake; err.

?
From Middle English mistaken [to misunderstand] 
Դ йӢ mistaken [] 
from Old Norse mistaka [to take in error] 
Դ ˹ά mistaka [;] 
mis- [wrongly] * see  mei- 1
mis- [] *μ mei- 1
taka [to take] 
taka [] 
?
mistaker
n.ʣ

= =
mistress
mis.tress
AHD:[m1str1s] 
D.J.[6m!str!s]
K.K.[6m!str!s]
n.ʣ
A woman in a position of authority, control, or ownership, as the head of a household:
ͥȨߡ߻ߵλĸŮ
Thirteen years had seen her mistress of Kellynch Hall(Jane Austen)
ʮһֱſֿ˸ڵŮˡ(򡤰˹͡)
A woman owner of an animal or a slave.
ŮˣһһūŮӵ
A woman with ultimate control over something:
ŮˣĳտƵŮˣ
the mistress of her own mind.
Լ
A nation or country that has supremacy over others:
пȨһң
Great Britain, once the mistress of the seas.
ӢһǺϰ
Something personified as female that directs or reigns:
Ůͳߣ˻ָӻͳεŮԵĳ
my mistress . . . the open road(Robert Louis Stevenson)
Ĵ·ҵˡ(޲ء·˹ʷɭ)
A woman who has mastered a skill or a branch of learning:
Ů֣һ֮һѧʵŮԣ
a mistress of the culinary art.

A woman who has a continuing sexual relationship with a usually married man who is not her husband and from whom she generally receives material support.
鸾ͨѻ鵫ֲԼɷӱֳõԹϵõֵ֧Ů
Mistress Used formerly as a courtesy title when speaking to or of a woman.
 Mistress ŮʿˣŮԽ̸̸һλŮʱòν
Chiefly British A woman schoolteacher.
Ӣ Ůʦ
?
Middle English maistresse 
йӢ maistresse 
from Old French [feminine of] maistre [master] 
Դ ŷ  [] maistreԴ [] 
from Latin magister * see  master 
Դ  magister *μ master

= =
misunderstand
mis.un.der.stand
AHD:[m1s-?n-dr-st2nd] 
D.J.[7m!sJnd*6st#nd]
K.K.[7m!sJnd+6st#nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mis.un.der.stood[-st?d] mis.un.der.stand.ing,mis.un.der.stands 
To understand incorrectly; misinterpret.
⣺⣻

= =
mix
mix
AHD:[m1ks] 
D.J.[m!ks]
K.K.[m!ks]
v.ʣ
mixed,mix.ing,mix.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To combine or blend into one mass or mixture.
ϣӣϳɻںϳһŻһϳ
To create or form by combining ingredients:
ϳɣͨϲγɣ
mix a drink; mix cement.
ϳһϣϳˮ
To add (an ingredient or element) to another:
룬ӽѣһϻɷ֣һ֮У
mix an egg into batter.
мӽһ
To combine or join:
ϳɻϣ
mix joy with sorrow.
ϲ
To bring into social contact:
ʹϵ
mix boys and girls in the classroom.
Ůͬ
To crossbreed.
ӽ
Electronics 
ѧ 
To combine (two or more audio tracks or channels) to produce a composite audio recording.
¼Ƶϳֻ򲨶ΣԲһֻƵ¼
To produce (a soundtrack or recording) in this manner.
¼ַʽһ¼£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become mixed or blended together.
ʹϣΪϵĻһ
To be capable of being blended together:
һ
Oil does not mix with water.
Ͳܺˮںһ
To associate socially or get along with others:
ദ
He does not mix well at parties.
ϲ̫Ⱥ
To be crossbred.
ӽ
To become involved:
룬룺
In the case of a family argument, it is better for a friend not to mix in.
ñͥ
n.ʣ
An act of mixing.
ϣ͵Ϊ
A mixture, especially of ingredients packaged and sold commercially:
ۺָװ
a cake mix.

A blend of diverse elements; an amalgamation:
ںϣϣֶĳɷֵĻϣںϣ
a mix of mean streets and the grandest boulevardsno other place in Paris is as eclectic and eccentric . . . as the 17th(Jean Rafferty)
ªĽֵİ棬ûطʮء()
Electronics A recording that is produced by combining and adjusting two or more audio tracks or channels.
ѧ Ƶ¼ͨϺ͵ֻƵһ¼
?
mix down ѧ
To combine all of the audio components of a recording into a final soundtrack or mix.
ϳһ¼Ƶɷγ
mix up
To confuse; confound:
ʹŪ壺ʹң
His explanation just mixed me up more. I always mix up the twins.
ĽҸӺͿˡǰ˫̥Ū
To involve or implicate:
ǣǣ
He got himself mixed up with the wrong people.
ЩΪ
?
mix it upٵ
To fight.

?
Back-formation from Middle English mixt, mixed [mixed] 
Դ йӢ mixt湹, mixed [ϵ] 
from Anglo-Norman mixte 
Դ Ӣ mixte 
from Latin mixtus [past participle of] misc?re [to mix] * see  meik- 
Դ  mixtus  [] misc?reĹȥִ [] *μ meik- 
?
mixable
adj.ݴʣ
?
mix,blend,mingle,coalesce,merge,amalgamate,fuse
These verbs mean to put into or come together in one mass so that constituent parts or elements are diffused or commingled.
Щζŷϳһ乹ɲֻɷֱɢϡ
 Mix  is the least specific,implying only components capable of being combined: 
 Mix  õģֻгɷݱϵ˼ 
mix water and wine;
ˮ;ƣ
motives that were mixed.
ֶ
Greed and charity don't mix. Toblend  is to mix intimately and harmoniously so that the components shade into each other, losing some or all of their original definition:  
̰ǲݵġ Blend ǽܶгػ¸ɷֱ˴ں϶ʧȥĳЩȫԭʼ壺  
blended mocha and java coffee beans;
ĦȺצۿȶ
snow-covered mountains blending into the clouds.
ѩǵɽС
Mingle   implies combination without loss of individual characteristics: 
Mingle  ΪвɫĻϣ 
Respect was mingled with surprise (Sir Walter Scott). 
Ľдž桱 ֶء˹ؾ 
His companions mingled freely and joyously with the natives (Washington Irving).
Ļɶֵںһ ʢ١ŷģ
 Coalesce  involves a union, often slowly achieved, with a distinct new identity: 
 Coalesce  ΪһͨȡõԵͬһԵˣ 
Indigenous peoples and conquerors gradually coalesced into the present-day population.
Ǻ𽥺ϲڵľ˿ڡ
Merge  implies the absorption of one entity into another with resultant homogeneity: 
Merge  аһʵյһȥȺгĽ 
Tradition and innovation are merged in this new composition.
ͳ봴ºгͳһµƷС
Twilight merged into night.
ƻʧҹɫС
Amalgamate  implies the integration of elements: 
Amalgamate  иɷۺϵ˼ 
The four sentences of the original are amalgamated into two (William Minto).
ԭеĸӱϲ䡱 У
 Fuse   emphasizes an enduring union, as that formed by heating metals,strongly marked by the merging of parts: 
 Fuse  ǿɼȵĽγɵĳ־ϣɲֵںΪǿ 
He diffuses a tone and spirit of unity, that blends, and (as it were) fuses, each into each (Samuel Taylor Coleridge).
һŽպ;໥ϲڣԭӦõ Ѷ̩ա¶Σ
?
Mix
Mix
AHD:[m1ks] Thomas Edwin  Known as Tom.(1880-1940) 
D.J.[m!ks]
K.K.[m!ks]
NONE޴ԣ
American film actor noted for his performances in silent Westerns.
׿˹˹£(1880-1940) ӰԱƬеıݶ

= =
mixture
mix.ture
AHD:[m1kschr] 
D.J.[6m!kst.*]
K.K.[6m!kst.+]
n.ʣ
The act or process of mixing:
ϣͣϵΪ̣
an alloy made from the mixture of two metals.
ֽ϶ƳɵһֺϽ
The condition of being mixed:
״̬ϵ״
the inevitable mixtures of urban neighborhoods.
о۾ĲɱĻ
Something produced by mixing.
ͨĶ
One that consists of diverse elements:
壺ɲͬعɵ
The day was a mixture of sun and clouds.
ʱ
A fabric made of different kinds of thread or yarn.
֯ɲͬ߻ɴƳɵ֯
Chemistry A composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and are capable of being separated.
ѧ ֻ˴˲ѧϳɲֿܱɵĺϳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin mixt?a 
Դ  mixt?a 
from mixtus [past participle of] misc?re [to mix] * see  meik- 
Դ mixtus  [] misc?reĹȥִ [] *μ meik- 
?
mixture,blend,admixture,compound,composite,amalgam
These nouns refer to a combination produced by mixing.
Щָͨϲϡ
 Mixture   has the widest application: 
 Mixture  Ϊ㷺Ӧã 
a mixture of tea and honey;
ͷ۵Ļ
yarn that is a mixture of nylon and cotton.
޵Ļߣ
He showed a curious mixture of eagerness and terror (Francis Parkman).
ֳȿֺµһֺӡ ˹
 Blend  denotes an intimate, harmonious mixturein which the original components lose their distinctness: 
 Blend  ʾһܡгĻϣԭʼĹɳɷʧȥԣ 
The novel is a fascinating blend of illusion and reality.
ⲿС˵ǻʵ˽ϡ
Admixture   suggests that one of the components of the mixture is dissimilar to the others: 
Admixture  ûɷ֮һͬɷ֣ 
The essential oil in the perfume contains a large admixture of alcohol. Acompound  is a combination of elements or parts that together constitute a new and independent entity:  
ˮ㾫ͺдƾ Compound ǹһµĶʵԪ򲿷ֵĺϳ  
The wordhouseboat  is a compound. 
houseboat һϳɴʡ 
Creative genius is a compound made up of exceptional intellect and superior imagination. Acomposite  usually lacks the unity of a compound since the components may not wholly lose 
their identities: 
ԵǳͳĽϡ Composite ͨȱһϳ壬 Ϊɷֿܲȫʧȥǵʣ 
The suite is a composite of themes for various parts of the opera.
ⲿ粻ֵͬĺϳƪ
Amalgam  implies an intimate union of diverse elementslikened to an alloy of mercury and another metal: 
Amalgam  ָһɲͬԪأˮһֽĺϽһֽܵĽϣ 
an amalgam of charming agreeability and indefatigable humor. 
ΪָĬĻ 

= =
moan
moan
AHD:[m?n] 
D.J.[m*&n]
K.K.[mon]
n.ʣ
A low, sustained, mournful cry, usually indicative of sorrow or pain.
ʣһֺܵͣʹģ˵Ŀޣֱͨ˻ʹ
A similar sound:
һƵ죺
the eerie moan of the night wind.
ҹĿ°
Lamentation.
ʹ
v.ʣ
moaned,moan.ing,moans 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a moan or moans.

To make a sound resembling a moan:

A saxophone moaned in the background.
һ˹Ļ
To complain, lament, or grieve:
Թʹʹģ
an old man who still moans about his misspent youth.
һΪ˷ഺʹļ׵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bewail or bemoan:
̾ϧϧ
She moaned her misfortunes to anyone who would listen.
κ˰̾˲
To utter with moans or a moan.
˵̾˵
?
Middle English mone 
йӢ mone 
from Old English *m3n * see  mei-no- 
Դ Ӣ *m3n *μ mei-no- 

= =
mobile
mo.bile
AHD:[m?bl, -b?l, -bol] 
D.J.[6m*&b*l, -7bi8l, -7ba!l]
K.K.[6mob*l, -7bil, -7ba!l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of moving or of being moved readily from place to place:
ƶģƶģĻܹһƶһģ
a mobile organism; a mobile missile system.
ױƶ壻ƶĵϵͳ
Capable of moving or changing quickly from one state or condition to another:
仯ģܴһ״̬ܿƶתΪһ״̬ģ
a mobile, expressive face.
һűʱ仯
Fluid; unstable:
ױģȵģ
a mobile situation following the coup.
ȶ
Marked by the easy intermixing of different social groups:
ڵģԲͬἯŵ׽Ϊģ
a mobile community.
һгڵ
Moving relatively easily from one social class or level to another:
ģ׵شһײˮ׼һײˮ׼ģ
an upwardly mobile generation.
λһ
Tending to travel and relocate frequently:
ģлǨģ
a restless, mobile society.
һݵģ
Flowing freely; fluid:
Եģɵģ
a mobile liquid.
һԵҺ
n.ʣ
AHD:[m?b?l] 
A type of sculpture consisting of carefully equilibrated parts that move, especially in response to air currents.
ɶܣһɾϸƴﵽƽĲɵĵܣͨʱ˶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?s 
Դ  m?s 
from *movibilis 
Դ *movibilis 
from mov?e [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ mov?e [ƶ] *μ meu- 
?
Mobile
Mo.bile
AHD:[m?-b?l, m?b?l] 
D.J.[m*&6bi8l, 6m*&7bi8l]
K.K.[mo6bil, 6mo7bil]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southwest Alabama at the mouth of theMobile River,  about 61 km (38 mi) long, on the north shore of Mobile Bay,  an arm of the Gulf of Mexico. Founded c. 1710, the city was 
held by the French, British, and Spanish until it was seized by U.S. forces in 1813. In the Battle of Mobile Bay (August 1864) Adm. David Farragut defeated a major Confederate flotilla 
and secured Union control of the area. Population, 196,278. 
īȶϵһУڳԼ61(38Ӣīȶ ڴλīһ ī ıԼ1710꣬1813ΪӶȡǰ
ӢӵСīȶս(18648£УϽػһ֧ȷԸõĿơ˿196,278 

= =
mobilize
mo.bi.lize
AHD:[m?b-loz] 
D.J.[6m*&b*7la!z]
K.K.[6mob*7la!z]
v.ʣ
mo.bi.lized,mo.bi.liz.ing,mo.bi.liz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make mobile or capable of movement.
ʹƶʹܶʹ˶
To assemble, prepare, or put into operation for or as if for war:
ԱΪս·Ϊսϣ׼Ͷ빤
mobilize troops; mobilize the snowplows.
Ա
To assemble, marshal, or coordinate for a purpose:
ΪһĿĶϣлЭ
mobilized the country's economic resources.
ҵľԴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become prepared for or as if for war.
ԱʹΪս·Ϊս׼
?
mobilization
AHD:[-l1-z3shn] ʣ

= =
mock
mock
AHD:[m?k] 
D.J.[mKk]
K.K.[m$k]
v.ʣ
mocked,mock.ing,mocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To treat with ridicule or contempt; deride.
ڿࣺóЦӵ̬ȶԴЦ
To mimic, as in sport or derision.See Synonyms at ridicule 
ģ£ΪǲȡֻЦģ£ðμ ridicule
To imitate; counterfeit.
ʹͽ
To frustrate the hopes of; disappoint.
ܡϣʹʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express scorn or ridicule; jeer:
ЦӻЦϷŪ
They mocked at the idea.
ǳŪ
n.ʣ
The act of mocking.
ŪŪΪ
Mockery; derision:
Ц
said it merely in mock.
ȫóĿ˵
An object of scorn or derision.
ӻЦĶ
An imitation or a counterfeit.
ģ»ð
adj.ݴʣ
Simulated; false; sham:
װģģģαװģαģ
a mock battle.
ģս
adv.ʣ
In an insincere or pretending manner:
װأһֲαװķʽ
mock sorrowful.
װѹ
?
Middle English mokken 
йӢ mokken 
from Old French mocquer 
Դ ŷ mocquer 
?
mocker
n.ʣ
mockingly
adv.ʣ

= =
mode
mode
AHD:[m?d] 
D.J.[m*&d]
K.K.[mod]
n.ʣ
A manner, way, or method of doing or acting:
ʽΪһַʽ;򷽷
modern modes of travel.See Synonyms at method 
ִзʽμ method
A particular form, variety, or manner:
ʽʽһضʽʽ
a mode of expression.
һֱ﷽ʽ
A given condition of functioning; a status:
״״̬ضĹ״̬״
The spacecraft was in its recovery mode.
ɴڻս׶
The current or customary fashion or style.See Synonyms at fashion 
ʱУУеĻͨʽʽμ fashion
Music 
֡ 
Any of certain fixed arrangements of the diatonic tones of an octave, as the major and minor scales of Western music.
ʽκضһְ˶̵Ĺ̶ϣΪֵ׺ʹ
A patterned arrangement, as the one characteristic of the music of classical Greece or the medieval Christian Church.
һָɣһֹϣͻ̻ɫģʽ
Philosophy The particular appearance, form, or manner in which an underlying substance, or a permanent aspect or attribute of it, is manifested.
ѧ ʽĳۡʽַʽǱʻ־÷ֳ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
See  modality 
μ  modality 
The arrangement or order of the propositions in a syllogism according to both quality and quantity.
ʽŻ
Statistics The value or item occurring most frequently in a series of observations or statistical data.
ͳѧ һϵеĹ۲ݻгִֵĿ
Mathematics The number or range of numbers in a set that occurs the most frequently.
ѧ һгƵ
Geology The mineral composition of a sample of igneous rock.
ѧ ƷĿﹹ
Physics Any of numerous patterns of wave motion.
ѧ ͣΣŲڶģʽ
Grammar Mood.
﷨ 
?
Middle English [tune] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin modus [manner, tune] 
Դ  modus [ʽ] 
Sense 2, French 
2  
from Old French [fashion, manner] 
Դ ŷ [ʱУʽ] 
from Latin modus * see  med- 
Դ  modus *μ med- 

= =
model
mod.el
AHD:[m?dl] 
D.J.[6mKdl]
K.K.[6m$d1]
n.ʣ
A small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object.
ģͣͨƳɵС壬ȷرһͨǸ
A preliminary work or construction that serves as a plan from which a final product is to be made:
ģͣһƻĳƷṹвĲƷ
a clay model ready for casting.
׼ģ
Such a work or construction used in testing or perfecting a final product:
ͣƷһƷṹ
a test model of a solar-powered vehicle.
̫Ĳ
A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics:
ģʽͼ⣺ϵͳۻͼԵ֪ĻƲʵԣҲоǵص㣺
a model of generative grammar; a model of an atom; an economic model.
﷨ͼ⣻ԭͼ⣻ģʽ
A style or design of an item:
ͺţͣĿʽƣ
My car is last year's model.
ҵȥĻ
One serving as an example to be imitated or compared:
ģͣģ»Ƚϵķ
a model of decorum.See Synonyms at ideal 
񷨵ĵ䷶μ ideal
One that serves as the subject for an artist, especially a person employed to pose for a painter, sculptor, or photographer.
ģأΪҵָһҡ̼һӰҹӶڳĳƵ
A person employed to display merchandise, such as clothing or cosmetics.
ƷģأչʾƷ·ױƷ
Zoology An animal whose appearance is copied by a mimic.
ѧ ԭͣĶ
v.ʣ
mod.eled Ҳ mod.elled mod.el.ing mod.el.ling mod.els mod.els  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or construct a model of.
ģͣ졭ģ
To plan, construct, or fashion according to a model.
ģơ
To make conform to a chosen standard:
ԡģʹһѡı׼һ£
He modeled his manners on his father's.
Ը׵ľֹΪ
To make by shaping a plastic substance:
ģܣͨ
model clay.
ģճ
To display by wearing or posing.
ģչʾͨŻչʾ
In painting, drawing, and photography, to give a three-dimensional appearance to, as by shading or highlighting.
ʹУͻ滭ӰУͨͻǿҹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a model.
ģͣһģ
To serve as a model.
Ϊģʹ
adj.ݴʣ
Being, serving as, or used as a model.
ģ͵ģģ͵ģΪģ͵ģģ͵
Worthy of imitation:
ֵЧµģ
a model child.
׼ĺöͯ
?
French modle 
 modle 
from Italian modello [diminutive of] modo [form] 
Դ  modello  [] modoС׺ [γ] 
from Latin modus [measure, standard] * see  med- 
Դ  modus [׼] *μ med- 
?
modeler
n.ʣ

= =
moderate
mod.er.ate
AHD:[m?dr-1t] 
D.J.[6mKd*r!t]
K.K.[6m$d*r!t]
adj.Abbr. mod.ݴʣд mod.
Being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme:
нƵģʶȵģں֮ڵģȻ򼫶˵ģ
a moderate price.
ʶȵļ۸
Not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate:
º͵ģеģһ߼˵ģº͵Ļ侲ģº͵ģ
a moderate climate.
º͵
Of medium or average quantity or extent.
еȵģеȵĻһΧ
Of limited or average quality; mediocre.
ƽģͨģ޵Ļһʵģͨ
Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion.
ȽģģԼĻ򼫶˵Ĺ۵ʩģָλڽ
n.ʣ
One who holds or champions moderate views or opinions, especially in politics or religion.
ºߣлӹ۵ˣָλڽ
v.ʣ
mod.er.at.ed,mod.er.at.ing,mod.er.ates[m?d-r3t]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lessen the violence, severity, or extremeness of.
ʹͻ١ļҡ򼫶˵ĳ̶
To preside over:
֣
She was chosen to moderate the convention.
ѡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become less violent, severe, or extreme; abate.
仺ͣýϲҡһ򲻼ˣ
To act as a moderator.

?
Middle English moderat 
йӢ moderat 
from Latin moder3s [past participle of] moder3ro [to moderate] * see  med- 
Դ  moder3s  [] moder3roĹȥִ [] *μ med- 
?
moderately
adv.ʣ
moderateness
n.ʣ
moderation
n.ʣ
?
moderate,qualify,temper
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make less extreme or intense: 
Щʹе˼ǡʹôһǿҡ 
moderated the severity of the rebuke;
ͷ
qualified her criticism;

admiration tempered with fear. intensify 
ں¶Ľ֮ intensify

= =
modern
mod.ern
AHD:[m?drn] 
D.J.[6mKd*n]
K.K.[6m$d*n]
adj.Abbr. mod.ݴʣд mod.
Of or relating to recent times or the present:
ģڻйʱĻڵģ
modern history.
ʷ
Characteristic or expressive of recent times or the present; contemporary or up-to-date:
ִģʽģʾʱڵģִĻµģ
a modern lifestyle; a modern way of thinking.
ִʽִ˼ʽ
Of or relating to a recently developed or advanced style, technique, or technology:
ִģµģڻйһչĻȽķ񡢼ܻ
modern art; modern medicine.
ִµҽҩ
Avant-garde; experimental.
ȷģԵ
Modern Linguistics Of, relating to, or being a living language or group of languages:
 Modern ѧ ִģڡйػΪһʹõԻϵģ
Modern Italian, Modern Romance languages.
ִִϵ
n.ʣ
One who lives in modern times.
ִˣִ
One who has modern ideas, standards, or beliefs.
ʱʿˣִ˼롢׼
Printing Any of a variety of typefaces characterized by strongly contrasted heavy and thin parts.
ӡˢ ִʽӡˢͣǦ࣬ǿҶԱȵغϸΪ
?
French moderne 
 moderne 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin modernus 
Դ  modernus 
from Latin modo [in a certain manner, just now] 
Դ  modo [ĳּȶʽղ] 
from mod?} [ablative of] modus [manner] * see  med- 
Դ mod?}  [] modusĶ [ʽ] *μ med- 
?
modernly
adv.ʣ
modernness
n.ʣ
?
The wordmodern,  first recorded in 1585 in the sense of present or recent times, has traveled through the centuriesdesignating things that inevitably must become old-fashionedas 
the word itself goes on to the next modern thing.We have now invented the wordpostmodern,  as if we could finally fixmodern  in time, but evenpostmodern  (first recorded in 1949) will 
seem fusty in the end, perhaps sooner thanmodern  will. Going back to Late Latinmodernus,  modern, which is derived frommodo  in the sense just now, the English 
wordmodern  (first recorded at the beginning of the 16th century) was not originally concerned with anything that could be later considered old-fashioned. It simply meant being at this 
time, now existing, an obsolete sense today.Beginning in the later 16th century, however, we see the word contrasted with the wordancient  and also used of technology in a way that 
is clearly related to our own modern way of using the word.Modern was being applied specifically to what pertained to present times and also to what was new and not old-
fashioned.Thus in the 19th and 20th centuries the word could be used to designate a movement in art,which is now being followed by postmodernism.
modern ״1585ԡڵĻʱ屻أ ѾͣȻùʱʱҲִѷ
˵postmodern  ·ܼʱ̶סmodern ˣ ʹpostmodern ״1949أҲԵùʱ Ҳmodern 졣 ׷
modernus ִġ ԴԱʾղš˼modo  Ӣﵥmodern 16ͳأԭΪʱûκϵ ֻζšʱģִġ
ѷ˵һ˼Ȼ16ǿʳΪancient ķʲڿƼ ʹõءModern ʱָʱ Ҳָ
Ҳʱ19ͺ20ܱʾϵһ˶βǺִ

= =
modest
mod.est
AHD:[m?d1st] 
D.J.[6mKd!st]
K.K.[6m$d!st]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own talents, abilities, and value.
ģлʾһֶԼĲŻֵʵĹƵ
Having or proceeding from a disinclination to call attention to oneself; retiring or diffident.See Synonyms at shy 1
ӵģлԲԸ˶ԼעģĻȱŵĲμ shy1
Observing conventional proprieties in speech, behavior, or dress.
ׯģɵģڽΪװشͳǵ
Free from showiness or ostentation; unpretentious.See Synonyms at plain 
ǫģҫŪģĲμ plain
Moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not extreme:
ʶȵģڳߴ磬ΧʶȵĻ޵ģ˵ģ
a modest price; a newspaper with a modest circulation.
еļ۸񣬶ıֽ
?
Latin modestus * see  med- 
 modestus *μ med- 
?
modestly
adv.ʣ

= =
modify
mod.i.fy
AHD:[m?d-fo] 
D.J.[6mKd*7fa!]
K.K.[6m$d*7fa!]
v.ʣ
mod.i.fied,mod.i.fy.ing,mod.i.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change in form or character; alter.
ʽϸı䣬޸
To make less extreme, severe, or strong:
ᣬڼ˳̶ȡ̶Ȼǿϼ᣺
refused to modify her stand on the issue.
ܾһϵǿӲ
Grammar To qualify or limit the meaning of. For example,summer  modifies day  in the phrase a summer day.  
﷨ Σλơ˼ڶa summer day У summer  day  
Linguistics To change (a vowel) by umlaut.
ѧ 任ԪͨԪ仯ı䣨һԪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become modified; change.
Σı
?
Middle English modifien 
йӢ modifien 
from Old French modifier 
Դ ŷ modifier 
from Latin modific3e [to measure, limit] 
Դ  modific3e [޶] 
modus [measure] * see  med- 
modus [] *μ med- 
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [ǰ׺ʹɡ] 
?
modifiability
n.ʣ
modifiable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
moist
moist
AHD:[moist] 
D.J.[m%!st]
K.K.[m%!st]
adj.ݴʣ
moist.er,moist.est 
Slightly wet; damp or humid.See Synonyms at wet 
ʪģȳʪģʪĻʪصĲμ wet
Filled with or characterized by moisture.
ģʪĻʪΪ
Tearful.
ˮ
?
Middle English moiste 
йӢ moiste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
alteration  influenced by Latin musteus [juicy]  from mustum [must] * see  must 3
    musteusӰ []  Դ mustum [] *μ must3
of Vulgar Latin *muscidus 
  *muscidusı仯 
alteration of Latin m?s [moldy] 
  m? [¸] 
from m?s [mucus] 
Դ m?s [ճҺ] 
?
moistly
adv.ʣ
moistness
n.ʣ

= =
moisture
mois.ture
AHD:[moischr] 
D.J.[6m%!st.*]
K.K.[6m%!st.+]
n.ʣ
Diffuse wetness that can be felt as vapor in the atmosphere or condensed liquid on the surfaces of objects; dampness.
ʪڴбоΪҺķɢĳʪʪ
The state or quality of being damp.
ʪʪ״̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from moiste [moist] * see  moist 
Դ moiste [ʪ] *μ moist

= =
molecule
mol.e.cule
AHD:[m?l1-ky?l] 
D.J.[6mKl!7kju8l]
K.K.[6m$l!7kjul]
n.Abbr. mol.ʣд mol.
The smallest particle into which an element or a compound can be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties; a group of like or different atoms held together by 
chemical forces.
ӣֵܱûı仯ѧɷֵһԪ򻯺Сӣɻѧһһƻͬԭ
A small particle; a tiny bit.
Сһ
?
French molcule 
 molcule 
from New Latin m??cula} 
Դ ִ m??cula} 
diminutive of Latin m??s} [mass] 
  m??sС׺} [] 

= =
moment
mo.ment
AHD:[m?mnt] 
D.J.[6m*&m*nt]
K.K.[6mom*nt]
n.ʣ
A brief, indefinite interval of time.
˲䣺һݵġȷʱ
A specific point in time, especially the present time:
Ŀǰڣضʱָ̣Ŀǰ
He is not here at the moment.
ڲ
A particular period of importance, influence, or significance in a series of events or developments:
ؼʱ̣ʱһϵ¼ͷչҪӰشĳһضʱڣ
a great moment in history; waiting for her big moment.
ʷΰʱȴŹؼʱ̵
Outstanding significance or value; importance:
شֵҪԣ
a discovery of great moment.
شķ
A brief period of time that is characterized by a quality, such as excellence, suitability, or distinction:
ֵʱ̣ĳһ׿ԽԡʺԻԵĶݵһʱ䣺
a lackluster performance that nevertheless had its moments.
ƽıԾֵ
Philosophy 
ѧ 
An essential or constituent element, as of a complex idea.
ڣһָĻɵĳɷ֣һָ˼
A phase or an aspect of a logically developing process.
һ߼չ̵Ľ׶λ
Abbr. MPhysics 
д Mѧ 
The product of a quantity and its perpendicular distance from a reference point.
أһʹӲյ㵽ֱĳ˻
The tendency to cause rotation about a point or an axis.
ת᣺ʹƵת
Statistics The expected value of a positive integral power of a random variable. The first moment is the mean of the distribution.
ͳѧ أЧֵһǷƽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?m 
Դ  m?m 
from *movimentum 
Դ *movimentum 
from mov?e [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ mov?e [ƶ] *μ meu- 
?
moment,instant,minute,second,jiffy,flash
These nouns denote a brief interval of time.Amoment is an indeterminately short but not insignificant period:  
Щ˼ǶݵʱMoment ָȷضݶǷǳݵһʱ䣺  
I'll be with you in a moment.
ҹͺһ
It took him a moment to answer.
ܿͻشˡ
Instant  is a period of time almost too brief to detect;it implies haste and often urgency: 
Instant  ָһμʱ䣬Բָæָ 
She hesitated for just an instant.
ֻƬ̡
Stop it this instant.
ͣ
Minute   andsecond, used strictly, refer to measured intervals of time;often, though,minute  is interchangeable with moment  (  
Minute  second ϸã ָõʱͨminute  moment Ի  
Wait a minute.
һ
The plane will be arriving in a minute), andsecond  with instant  (  
ɻٹһҪ) second Ժ instant (  
I slipped out of the room for a few seconds to turn the oven on). 
һȥ¯) 
 Jiffy   andflash  occur principally in combinations preceded by in a; in a jiffy  means in a short space of time,whilein a flash  suggests the almost imperceptible duration of a flash of 
light:  
 Jiffy  flash Ҫǰ in ain a jiffy ϴ ָݵʱ䣬in a flash ָһһġԲʱ  
He was on his stool in a jiffy, driving away with his pen (Charles Dickens). 
գۼ˵ϣĸֱʷ ˹Ҹ˹ 
She was on her feet in a flash when the doorbell rang. See also Synonyms at  importance 
һ죬վ μͬ importance

= =
momentum
mo.men.tum
AHD:[m?-mntm] 
D.J.[m*&6ment*m]
K.K.[mo6mWnt*m]
n.ʣ
 mo.men.ta[-t]   mo.men.tums  
Symbol p Physics A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity.Also called  linear momentum 
 p ѧ һֺ˶ȵĵλ˶ٶȵĳ˻Ҳ  linear momentum
Impetus of a physical object in motion.
˶Ķ
Impetus of a nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events:
ͷʷչĶ˼Ḷ̌
The soaring rise in interest rates finally appeared to be losing momentum.
ʵķǵͷڼ
Philosophy An essential or constituent element; a moment.
ѧ ҪĻ򹹳ɵԪأ
?
Latin m?m [movement] 
 m?m [˶] 
short for *movimentum 
 *movimentumļд 
from mov?e [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ mov?e [ƶ] *μ meu- 

= =
money
mon.ey
AHD:[m?n?] 
D.J.[6mJni8]
K.K.[6mJni]
n.ʣ
 mon.eys  mon.ies  
A commodity, such as gold, or an officially issued coin or paper note that is legally established as an exchangeable equivalent of all other commodities, such as goods and services, 
and is used as a measure of their comparative values on the market.
ǮңֽңһƷӻٷеһֽңֻһֽҶΪһƷͷĵȼ۽гֵĳ߶
The official currency, coins, and negotiable paper notes issued by a government.
ͨеĹٷҡҺͿתֽ
Assets and property considered in terms of monetary value; wealth.
ƲƸΪнǮֵĲƲƸƸ
Pecuniary profit or loss:
ǮϵӯǮϵʧ
He made money on the sale of his properties.
ƲȡǮ
One's salary; pay:
нˮ꣺
It was a terrible job, but the money was good.
⹤ᣬнˮܸ
An amount of cash or credit:
ʽһֽ
raised the money for the new playground.
Ϊ²ٳＯʽ
Often moneys  or monies Sums of money, especially of a specified nature:
  moneys   monies Ǯָĳһضʵģ
state tax moneys; monies set aside for research and development.
˰գΪоͿʽ
A wealthy person, family, or group:
Ǯ˼ңеˡͥţ
to come from old money; to marry into money.
ң޸Ǯ˼
?
for (one's) money
According to one's opinion, choice, or preference:
ĳ˵ѡƫã
For my money, it's not worth the trouble.
ҿֵ
in the money
Slang Rich; affluent.
ٵ еģԣ
Sports Games Taking first, second, or third place in a contest on which a bet has been placed, such as a horserace.
˶ Ϸ ¶עıУڵһڶλ
on the money
Exact; precise.
õģ˽
put money on˶ Ϸ
To place a bet on.
ڡ¶ע
put (one's) money where (one's) mouth isٵ
To live up to one's words; act according to one's own advice.
ĳ˵ĻԼĽж
?
Middle English moneie 
йӢ moneie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin mon?a [mint, coinage] 
Դ  mon?a [ҳӲ] 
from Mon?a [epithet of Juno, temple of Juno of Rome where money was coined] 
Դ Mon?a [ŵıƣŵǮҵ] 

= =
monitor
mon.i.tor
AHD:[m?n1-tr] 
D.J.[6mKn!t*]
K.K.[6m$n!t+]
n.ʣ
One that admonishes, cautions, or reminds, especially with respect to matters of conduct.
֮֮롢ѵ壬ָעΪı
A pupil who assists a teacher in routine duties.
೤ʦճѧ
A usually electronic device used to record, regulate, or control a process or system.
ͨ¼ڻһ̻ϵͳĵ
A receiver, such as a screen or speaker, that is used to check the quality or content of an electronic transmission:
Ļߵ㲥ݵһֽĻ
followed the broadcast on the television monitor.
ŵӫϵĹ㲥
Computer Science A device that accepts video signals from a computer and displays information on a screen.
ѧ ʾӼϽƵźŲʾĻϵ豸
Computer Science A program that observes, supervises, or controls the activities of other programs.
ѧ ල򣬼ӳ򣺹۲졢ලеĳ
An articulated device holding a rotating nozzle with which a jet of water is regulated, used in mining and firefighting.
ˮǹһֽ½װãһˮǿȵת죬ڲɿ;Ȼ
A heavily ironclad warship of the 19th century with a low, flat deck and one or more gun turrets.
͵սһ19͵սкصװһƽļװһ
A modern warship designed for coastal bombardment.
սִս
Biology Any of various tropical carnivorous lizards of the familyVaranidae,  living in the East Indies, southern Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Guinea and ranging in length from several 
centimeters to 3 meters (10 feet). 
ѧ ᣺һ ȴʳ棬ڶӡȺǡޡ޺¼ǡ䳤ȴӼֵ(10Ӣߣ 
v.ʣ
mon.i.tored,mon.i.tor.ing,mon.i.tors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To check the quality or content of (an electronic audio or visual signal) by means of a receiver.
ӣü飨ƵƵźŵģ
To check by means of an electronic receiver for significant content, such as military, political, or illegal activity:
ӣͨӽҪݣйؾ¡λǷΪݣ
monitor a suspected criminal's phone conversations.
ɷĵ绰̸
To keep track of systematically with a view to collecting information:
Ѽ¼ΪռϢϵͳظ٣
monitor the bear population of a national park; monitored the political views of the people.
¼ҹ԰ܵѼǵι۵
To test or sample on a regular or ongoing basis:
ԣȡںͳؼⲢг飺
monitored the city's drinking water for impurities.
Գеˮе
To test (air or an object's surface, for example) for radiation intensity.
ⶨķǿȣⶨ磬棩ķǿ
To keep close watch over; supervise:
мӣල
monitor an examination.
࿼
To direct.
ָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act as a monitor.
ӣʾ
?
Latin 
 
from mon?e [to warn] * see  men- 1
Դ mon?e [] *μ men- 1
?
monitorship
n.ʣ

= =
monkey
mon.key
AHD:[m?ngk?] 
D.J.[6mJ0ki8]
K.K.[6mJ0ki]
n.ʣ
 mon.keys 
Any of various long-tailed, medium-sized members of the order Primates, including the macaques, baboons, guenons, capuchins, marmosets, and tamarins and excluding the 
anthropoid apes and the prosimians.
ӣһֳβе͵鳤දβСԳԭ
One that behaves in a way suggestive of a monkey, as a mischievous child or a mimic.
ˣΪֹˣСģµ
The iron block of a pile driver.
ײ׮
Slang A person who is mocked, duped, or made to appear a fool:
ٵ ˳ЦŪˣ
They made a monkey out of him.
Ū
Slang Drug addiction:
ٵ 񫣺
have a monkey on one's back.
ĳж
v.ʣ
mon.keyed,mon.key.ing,mon.keys 
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To play, fiddle, trifle, or tamper with something.
֡ϹŪŪĳ
To behave in a mischievous or apish manner:
ΪƤ޴
Stop monkeying around!
Ϲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To imitate or mimic; ape.
ģ»ģ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
monopoly
mo.nop.o.ly
AHD:[m-n?p-l?] 
D.J.[m*6nKp*li8]
K.K.[m*6n$p*li]
n.ʣ
 mo.nop.o.lies 
Exclusive control by one group of the means of producing or selling a commodity or service.
¢ϣͨһƷֶʹռ
Law A right granted by a government giving exclusive control over a specified commercial activity to a single party.
ɡ רȨĵĳһƷȨһȨ
A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.
¢ߣĳһҵеȨĹ˾
A commodity or service so controlled.
ƵƷ
Exclusive possession or control:
ռȫƣ
arrogantly claims to have a monopoly on the truth.
Ψ֪
Something that is exclusively possessed or controlled:
ռƵ
showed that scientific achievement is not a male monopoly.
ʾѧϵĳɾͲ˵ר
?
Latin monop?m 
 monop?m 
from Greek monop?n 
Դ ϣ monop?n 
mono- [mono-] 
mono- [ǰ׺ʾһ] 
p?n [to sell] * see  pel- 4
p?n [] *μ pel- 4
?
monopolism
n.ʣ
monopolist
n.ʣ
monopolistic
adj.ݴʣ
monopolistically
adv.ʣ

= =
monster
mon.ster
AHD:[m?nstr] 
D.J.[6mKnst*]
K.K.[6m$nst+]
n.ʣ
An imaginary or legendary creature, such as a centaur or Harpy, that combines parts from various animal or human forms.
һ˵еɸλɵĹ˰Ĺȣһֹ
A creature having a strange or frightening appearance.
ػֲĶ
An animal, a plant, or other organism having structural defects or deformities.
нṹȱݻεĶֲ
Pathology A fetus or an infant that is grotesquely abnormal and usually not viable.
ѧ ̥εͨܳɻ̥Ӥ
A very large animal, plant, or object.
ζֲ
One who inspires horror or disgust:
˸е־ˣ
a monster of selfishness.
˽
?
Middle English monstre 
йӢ monstre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?m [portent, monster] 
Դ  m?m [£] 
from mon?e [to warn] * see  men- 1
Դ mon?e [] *μ men- 1

= =
month
month
AHD:[m?nth] 
D.J.[mJnG]
K.K.[mJnG]
n.Abbr. m.,mo.ʣд m.,mo.
A unit of time corresponding approximately to one cycle of the moon's phases, or about 30 days or 4 weeks.
£Լӯһ൱ʱ䵥λԼʮ
One of the 12 divisions of a year as determined by a calendar, especially the Gregorian calendar.Also called  calendar month 
·ݣȷָɹȷĽһΪʮ֮һҲ  calendar month
A period extending from a date in one calendar month to the corresponding date in the following month.
һµʱ䣺ĳµһ쵽¸һһʱ
A sidereal month.

A lunar month.
̫
A solar month.
̫
?
month of Sundaysʽ
An indefinitely long period of time:
һκܳȷʱ䣺
It will take you a month of Sundays to chop all that wood.
ûѺܳʱеĲ
?
Middle English moneth 
йӢ moneth 
from Old English m?h * see  m?- 2
Դ Ӣ m?h *μ m?- 2
?
The singularmonth,  preceded by a numeral (or number) and a hyphen, is used as a compound attributive: 
month ֮ǰһʣ֣һַ ϶ 
a three-month vacation. 
µļڡ 
The plural possessive form without a hyphen is also possible: 
ַĸиʽҲԣ 
a three months' vacation. 
µļ 

= =
monthly
month.ly
AHD:[m?nthl?] 
D.J.[6mJnGli8]
K.K.[6mJnGli]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring, appearing, or coming due every month:
ÿһ·ֻٵģ
a monthly meeting; monthly rent payments.
ÿһεĻ飻¸
Continuing or lasting for a month.
һµ
adv.ʣ
Once a month; every month.
ÿһΣÿ
n.ʣ
 month.lies 
A periodical publication appearing once each month.
¿ÿ³һεĿ
monthlies Informal The menses.
 monthlies ʽ ¾

= =
monument
mon.u.ment
AHD:[m?ny-mnt] 
D.J.[6mKnj*m*nt]
K.K.[6m$nj*m*nt]
n.ʣ
A structure, such as a building or sculpture, erected as a memorial.
Ϊһ罨
An inscribed marker placed at a grave; a tombstone.
ĹĹر߿ֵıĹʯ
Something venerated for its enduring historic significance or association with a notable past person or thing:
ʷַʷȥ˻ģ
traditions that are monuments to an earlier era.
ͳʱż
An outstanding, enduring achievement:
ܳĲƷ
a translation that is a monument of scholarship.
ѧвɾ
An exceptional example:
ܳĵ䷶
Thousands of them wrote texts, some of them monuments of dullness(Robert L. Heilbroner)
ǧƵд£ĳЩν﷦ζĵ䷶(޲L.¡)
An object, such as a post or stone, fixed in the ground so as to mark a boundary or position.
ʯڵϱʾ߽ص壬˻ʯ
A written document, especially a legal one.
ļָϷϿɵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin monumentum [memorial] 
Դ  monumentum [] 
from mon?e [to remind] * see  men- 1
Դ mon?e [] *μ men- 1

= =
mood
mood 1
AHD:[m?d] 
D.J.[mu8d]
K.K.[mud]
n.ʣ
A state of mind or emotion.
飬ľһе״̬
A pervading impression of an observer:
ӡ󣻸ܣ۲ߵձӡ
the somber mood of the painting.
һĸо
An incidence of sulking or angry behavior.
ŭƢŭΪķ
Inclination; disposition.
Ը
?
Middle English mod 
йӢ mod 
from Old English m?d [disposition] * see  m?- 1
Դ Ӣ m?d [飬Ƣ] *μ m?- 1
?
mood,humor,temper
These nouns refer to a temporary state of mind or feeling.
Щָһʱľ״̬
 Mood   is the most inclusive term: 
 Mood  ǷΧܹĴ 
a contentious mood;
۵Ƣ
a cheerful mood.
飻
I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley).
 ûİһ̸Ц ˹ͨءѩ
 Humor   often implies a state of mind resulting from one's characteristic disposition or temperament;it sometimes suggests fitfulness or variability: 
 Humor  ָһ˵Ըľ״̬ʱָĻ仯״̬ 
The humor of the Cabinet shifted after the scandal was exposed.
ڸڳű¶̬֮ȷ˱仯
All which had been done . . . was the effect not of humor, but of system (Edmund Burke).
ѾġƶȵĽ ɡˣ
 Temper  most often refers to a state of mind marked by irritability or intense anger: 
 Temper  ָͨбŭŭʵһ־״̬ 
The nation was in such a temper that the smallest spark might raise a flame  (Macaulay).
ȫ¶ʮַ߿лǶܻ桱 
?
mood
mood 2
AHD:[m?d] 
D.J.[mu8d]
K.K.[mud]
n.ʣ
Grammar A set of verb forms or inflections used to indicate the speaker's attitude toward the factuality or likelihood of the action or condition expressed. In English the indicative mood 
is used to make factual statements, the subjunctive mood to indicate doubt or unlikelihood, and the imperative mood to express a command.
﷨ ǿ˵˶ԱΪʵԻ̬ȵһϵж̬仯ʽӢгʵĳǿ
򲻿ܣʹһ
Logic The arrangement or form of a syllogism.
߼ѧ ʽ۷лʽ
?
Alteration of mode 
 modeı仯

= =
moon
moon
AHD:[m?n] 
D.J.[mu8n]
K.K.[mun]
n.ʣ
The natural satellite of Earth, visible by reflection of sunlight and having a slightly elliptical orbit, approximately 356,000 kilometers (221,600 miles) distant at perigee and 406,997 
kilometers (252,950 miles) at apogee. Its mean diameter is 3,475 kilometers (2,160 miles), its mass approximately one eightieth that of Earth, and its average period of revolution 
around Earth 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes calculated with respect to the sun.
򣺵Ȼǣ̫ͨ⣬һԳԲεĹڽصʱԼ356,000(221,600ӢԶصԼ406,997(252,950Ӣ
ƽֱΪ3,475(2,160ӢԼΪİʮ֮һ̫ΧƵתƽΪ2912Сʱ44
A natural satellite revolving around a planet.
ǵģǣΧתȻ
The moon as it appears at a particular time in its cycle of phases:
˷£ĳһضʱͻתӦλó֣
the full moon; a half moon.
£
A month, especially a lunar month.
̫£һ£ָ
A disk, globe, or crescent resembling the natural satellite of Earth.
״״ƵȻǵĵ״
Moonlight.
¹
Slang The bared buttocks.
ٵ β
v.ʣ
mooned,moon.ing,moons 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wander about or pass time languidly and aimlessly.
й䣺ûɵػĿĵйʱ
To yearn or pine as if infatuated.
񣺿·
Slang To expose one's buttocks in public as a prank or disrespectful gesture.
ٵ ¶ƨϷŪڹϱ¶ԼƨɣΪһֶصıʾ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Slang To expose one's buttocks to (others) as a prank or disrespectful gesture:
ٵ ¶ƨɣԱ¶ƨΪ𾴵ıʾ
threatened to moon a passing . . . camera crew(Vanity Fair)
вҪһȺ·¶ƨɡ()
?
Middle English moone 
йӢ moone 
from Old English m?a * see  m?- 2
Դ Ӣ m?a *μ m?- 2
?
Moon
Moon
AHD:[m?n] Sun Myung (Born 1920) 
D.J.[mu8n]
K.K.[mun]
NONE޴ԣ
Korean-born American religious leader and founder of the Unification Church (1954). He was found guilty in 1982 of conspiracy to evade taxes in the United States.
ڽ䣬ͳһ̣1954꣩ʼˡ1982϶ı˰

= =
moral
mor.al
AHD:[m?rl, m?r-] 
D.J.[6m%8r*l, 6mKr-]
K.K.[6m%r*l, 6m$r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness of human action and character:
£ϣģΪƷʺû򻵵жϣ֮йصģ
moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.
ϵ飻ϵѾ
Teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of character and behavior:
̵µģڻչʾƷʼΪϵŵȷģ
a moral lesson.
¿
Conforming to standards of what is right or just in behavior; virtuous:
ϺµģеµģΪϷϻȷ׼ģееģ
a moral life.
Ϻµ
Arising from conscience or the sense of right and wrong:
ĵģϵģɸĻǷǸжģ
a moral obligation.
ϵ
Having psychological rather than physical or tangible effects:
ϵģϵĶʵӰģ
a moral victory; moral support.
ϵʤ֧
Based on strong likelihood or firm conviction, rather than on the actual evidence:
ȷŵģںǿĿԻᶨŷʵڵ֤ݵģ
a moral certainty.
ĵİ
n.ʣ
The lesson or principle contained in or taught by a fable, a story, or an event.
Ԣ⣺Ԣԡ»¼еģԢԡ»¼̵
A concisely expressed precept or general truth; a maxim.
ԣȷ֪ӡձ
morals Rules or habits of conduct, especially of sexual conduct, with reference to standards of right and wrong:
 morals Ե£ֹΪĹϰߣָΪ£ȷʹı׼
a person of loose morals; a decline in the public morals.
Ϊŵˣµ˥
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?3lis} 
Դ  m?3lis} 
from m?s  m?r- [custom] * see  m?- 1
Դ m?s  m?r- [ϰߣ] *μ m?- 1
?
morally
adv.ʣ
?
moral,ethical,virtuous,righteous
These adjectives mean in accord with principles or rules of right or good conduct.
ЩݴΪȷõΪԭ
 Moral  applies to personal character and behavior,especially sexual conduct,measured against prevailing standards of rectitude: 
 Moral  һƷʼΪйأָΪձȷˮ׼ 
The fact that man knows right from wrong proves his intellectual superiority to the other creatures;  but the fact that he can do wrong proves his  moral inferiority to any creature that  
cannot (Mark Twain).
ֱܷǷһʵ֤ǻ һȣ  µʵҲ֤˵   µĶһȡ ˡ£
 Ethical  stresses conformity with idealistic standards of right and wrong,as those applicable to the practices of lawyers and doctors: 
 Ethical  ǿеǷǱ׼һ£ʦҽѭʵ׼ 
The world has achieved brilliance without conscience.Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants (Omar N. Bradley).
ȡ˲õһҳȴʧȥġǵһк˾˺͵Ӥ硱 ׵
 Virtuous  implies moral excellence and loftiness of character;in a narrower sense it refers to sexual chastity: 
 Virtuous  ʾеĵº͸߹Ʒʣָģ 
The life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous (Frederick Douglass).
ֻе˶ʵֱҸеʱ򣬹ܵԱ֤ ׵ˡ˹
 Righteous   emphasizes moral uprightness and especially the absence of guilt or sin;when it is applied to actions, reactions, or impulses,it often implies justifiable outrage: 
 Righteous  ǿ·ֱָûģָΪӦʱʾɵķŭ 
The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much (James 5:16). 
Ԥ֪δǷǳֱˡ ղķ˹5:16) 
He was . . . stirred by righteous wrath (John Galsworthy).
 𼫴ķŭ Լ߶˹

= =
morality
mo.ral.i.ty
AHD:[m-r2l1-t?, m?-] 
D.J.[m*6r#l!ti8, m%8-]
K.K.[m*6r#l!ti, m%-]
n.ʣ
 mo.ral.i.ties 
The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.
Ʒ£ȷĻõΪ׼Ʒ
A system of ideas of right and wrong conduct:
¹淶ȷΪĹ۵ɵϵͳ
religious morality; Christian morality.
ڽ̵£̵
Virtuous conduct.
Ʒ¸еΪ
A rule or lesson in moral conduct.
¹ۣΪ

= =
more
more
AHD:[m?r, m?r] 
D.J.[m%8, m*&r]
K.K.[m%r, mor]
adj.ݴʣ
 manyıȽϼʽ,much 
Greater in number:
ϸģ
a hall with more seats.
н϶λĴ
Greater in size, amount, extent, or degree:
ڳߴ硢Χ̶ϸģ
more land; more support.
أ֧
Additional; extra:
ӵģģ
She needs some more time.
Ҫʱ
n.ʣ
A greater or additional quantity, number, degree, or amount:
ϴ򸽼ӵ̶֡Ȼ
The more I see of you the more I like you.
ԽԽϲ
pron.ʣ
(used with a pl. verb)A greater or additional number of persons or things:
븴ãĻ򸽼ӵ˻
I opened only two bottles but more were in the refrigerator.
ֻƿкܶڱ
adv.ʣ
 muchıȽϼʽ 
To or in a greater extent or degree:
ﵽڸķΧ̶ȣ
loved him even more.

Used to form the comparative of many adjectives and adverbs:
ڹݴʺ͸ʵıȽϼ
more difficult; more softly.See Usage Note at perfect 
ѣͲμ perfect
In addition:
ӵģ
phoned twice more.
ִε绰
Moreover; furthermore.
⣻
?
more and more
To a steadily increasing extent or degree:
ﵽȲӵĳ̶Ȼȼ
getting more and more worried.
ԽԽ
more or less
About; approximately:
Լࣺ
holds two tons, more or less.
ܳ
To an undetermined degree:
ȷĳ̶ȣ
were more or less in agreement.
һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m3a 
Դ Ӣ m3a 
m3e * see  m?- 3
m3e *μ m?- 3
?
More
More
AHD:[m?r, m?r] Hannah (1745-1833) 
D.J.[m%8, m*&r]
K.K.[m%r, mor]
NONE޴ԣ
British writer whose works include tragedies, such asPercy  (1777), the novel Coelebs in Search of a Wife  (1809), and religious tracts advocating reforms for the poor. 
Īȣ(1745-1833) Ӣң硶 1777꣩С˵ ư˹Ѱ޼ǡ 1809꣩һЩᳫΪ˶иĸڽС 
?
More
MoreSir Thomas (1478-1535)
NONE޴ԣ
English politician, humanist scholar, and writer who refused to comply with the Act of Supremacy, by which English subjects were enjoined to recognize Henry VIII's authority over the 
pope, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London and beheaded for treason. His political essayUtopia  (1516), speculates about life under an ideal government. More was canonized in 
1935. 
Ī˹(1478-1535) ӢμҡѧߺңܾΪϵķһǿӢϺȨڽ̻֮ϣ׶ֱ
ѹΪնסġа 1516꣩һ֮µĪ1935걻Ϊʥͽ 

= =
moreover
more.o.ver
AHD:[m?r-?vr, m?r-, m?r?vr, m?r-] 
D.J.[m%8r6*&v*, m*&r-, 6m%8r7*&v*, 6m*&r-]
K.K.[m%r6ov+, mor-, 6m%r7ov+, 6mor-]
adv.ʣ
Beyond what has been stated; besides.See Synonyms at also 
⣺Ĳ䣻μ also

= =
morning
morn.ing
AHD:[m?rn1ng] 
D.J.[6m%8n!0]
K.K.[6m%rn!0]
n.Abbr. m.ʣд m.
The first or early part of the day, lasting from midnight to noon or from sunrise to noon.
糿һ֮еһЩʱΣҹ̫ʱ
The dawn.

The first or early part; the beginning:
һЩĲ֣ʼ
the morning of a new nation.
¹ҵչ׶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from morn [morn] * see  morn 
Դ morn [糿] *μ morn

= =
mortal
mor.tal
AHD:[m?rtl] 
D.J.[6m%8tl]
K.K.[6m%rt1]
adj.ݴʣ
Liable or subject to death.
һģĻһ
Of or relating to humankind; human:
ģġϵģ˵ģ
the mortal limits of understanding.
ļ
Of, relating to, or accompanying death:
ģġйصĻģ
mortal throes.
ʹ
Causing death; fatal:
ģģ
a mortal wound.See Synonyms at fatal 
˿ڲμ fatal
Fighting or fought to the death; unrelenting:
һģģ
a mortal enemy; a mortal attack.
ǿĵˣһս
Of great intensity or severity; dire:
ҵģɲģ
mortal terror.
ȵĿֲ
Conceivable:
óģܵģ
no mortal reason for us to go.
ûκǰȥ
Used as an intensive:
ǿ
a mortal fool.
һɵ
n.ʣ
A human being.
һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin mort3s 
Դ  mort3s 
from mors  mort- [death] * see  mer- 
Դ mors  mort- [] *μ mer- 
?
mortally
adv.ʣ

= =
mortgage
mort.gage
AHD:[m?rg1j] 
D.J.[6m%8g!d9]
K.K.[6m%rg!d9]
n.Abbr. mtg.,mtge.ʣд mtg.,mtge.
A temporary, conditional pledge of property to a creditor as security for performance of an obligation or repayment of a debt.
ѺծȨʱġĲƲѺԴΪλ򳥻ծı֤
A contract or deed specifying the terms of a mortgage.
ѺݣѺ֤һ־涨ѺĺԼ֤
The claim of a mortgagee upon mortgaged property.
ծȨҪȨرѺƲĵѺȨ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mort.gaged,mort.gag.ing,mort.gag.es 
To pledge or convey (property) by means of a mortgage.
ѺԵѺķʽ֤תƲƲ
To make subject to a claim or risk; pledge against a doubtful outcome:
Ͷעʹĳһջ󣻶ԲȷĵѺ
mortgaged their political careers by taking an unpopular stand.
ŲȡܻӭͶעǵ
?
Middle English morgage 
йӢ morgage 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
mort [dead]  from Vulgar Latin *mortus  from Latin mortuus [past participle of] moro [to die] * see  mer- 
mort []  Դ  *mortus  Դ  mortuus  [] moroĹȥִ [] *μ mer- 
gage [pledge]  [of Germanic origin] 
gage [Ѻ]  [Դն] 
?
The great jurist Sir Edward Coke,who lived from 1552 to 1634,has explained why the termmortgage  comes from the Old French words mort,  dead, and gage,  pledge. It 
seemed to him that it had to do with the doubtfulness of whether or not the mortgagor will pay the debt.If the mortgagor does not,then the land pledged to the mortgagee as security for 
the debt is taken from him for ever,and so dead to him upon condition, &c.And if he doth pay the money,then the pledge is dead as to the [mortgagee].This etymology, as 
understood by 17th-century attorneys,of the Old French termmorgage,  which we adopted, may well be correct.The term has been in English much longer than the 17th century,being first 
recorded in Middle English with the formmorgage  and the figurative sense pledge in a work written before 1393.
ΰѧҰ»ˣ15521634꣬ѾΪʲômortgage Դŷ mort  gage Ѻ ƺζѺǷܳծ
ĲȷйءδծôѺΪծȫ֤ĵزǶԶᣬ˶˵һʧȥȫ塣ȷʵծ
ôѺڣ۴ˣҲʧȥȫ塱ִԴ˵类17͵ʦģڹϵķmorgage ѱǽܣ ȫȷġһ17
ǰӢгˣӢmorgage ʽ¼ 1393֮ǰдһʼ޴塰Ѻ

= =
mosquito
mos.qui.to
AHD:[m-sk?t?] 
D.J.[m*6ski8t*&]
K.K.[m*6skito]
n.ʣ
 mos.qui.toes  mos.qui.tos  
Any of various two-winged insects of the family Culicidae, in which the female of most species is distinguished by a long proboscis for sucking blood. Some species are vectors of 
diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.Also called  Regional skeeter See Regional Note at possum 
ӣһÿƵ˫棬дó泤Ѫĳ๡ЩӿɴűͻȲҲ  ġ skeeterμ possum
?
Spanish 
 
Portuguese [from diminutive of] mosca [fly] 
  [] ԴmoscaС׺ [Ӭ] 
from Latin musca 
Դ  musca 
?
Flies will never be popular creatures,in spite or because of their omnipresence.Two examples of the fly's influence on our lives can be found in the etymologies of the wordsmosquito  
and musket,  both of which can be traced back tomusca,  the Latin word for fly.This Latin word becamemosca  in Spanish and Portuguese, Romance languages that developed from 
Vulgar Latin. Mosquito, the diminutive of mosca,  was borrowed into English (first recorded around 1583) with the same sense mosquito that it had in Spanish and Portuguese. The 
Romance language French was the source of our wordmusket  (first recorded around 1587), which came from Frenchmousquet,  but this word entered French from yet another Romance 
language, Italian.From the descendant of Latinmusca,  Italian mosca,  was formed the diminutive moschetta  with the senses bolt for a catapult and small artillery piece. 
Frommoschetta  came moschetto,  musket, the source of Frenchmousquet.  The use ofmoschetta,  literally little fly, to mean bolt from a crossbowcan be ascribed to the 
factthat both bolt and insect fly, buzz, and sting.
ӬԶΪ˻ӭĶܻҲΪ޴ڡӬӰӿmosquito  musket Դҵ ߶׷ݵmusca  
ǡӬ˼ĵݱбΪmosca  Mosca С mosquito ӢУԼ1583״γ֣
һʾӡ ݱķǵmusket Լ1587״γ֣ĴԴ һmousquet  һȻ
һݱн뷨ġԴmusca  mosca γһС moschetta  ˼ǡʹõݶ͡Сڵ 
moschetta в moschetto Ϊǹ Ƿmousquet ĴԴ moschetta ˼ָСӬ ϵĹԹһʵǾǹ
ͲӬɣҶܷһ
?
Mosquito
Mos.qui.to
AHD:[m-sk?t?] 
D.J.[m*6ski8t*&]
K.K.[m*6skito]
n.ʣ
 Mosquito  Mos.qui.tos  
See  Miskito 
μ  Miskito

= =
most
most
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[m*&st]
K.K.[most]
adj.ݴʣ
 many߼ʽ,much 
Greatest in number:
ģ
won the most votes.
ӵѡƱ
Greatest in amount, extent, or degree:
Χ̶ģ
has the most compassion.
ͬĵ
In the greatest number of instances:
ڴУ
Most fish have fins.

n.ʣ
The greatest amount or degree:
̶ȣ
She has the most to gain.
Ի
Slang The greatest, best, or most exciting. Used withthe : 
ٵ ΰġõĻ˼ġthe ã 
That party was the most!
һᾫʼ
pron.ʣ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)The greatest part or number:
뵥ãಿֻ
Most of the town was destroyed. Most of the books were missing.
ƻ鶼Ҳ
adv.ʣ
 more߼ʽ,much 
In or to the highest degree or extent. Used with many adjectives and adverbs to form the superlative degree:
߻̶ȡΧڡݴʺ͸ù߼
most honest; most impatiently.
ʵģĵ
Very:
ǳ
a most impressive piece of writing.
һƪӡ
Informal Almost:
ʽ 
Most everyone agrees.
ͬ
?
at (the) most
At the maximum:
ﵽֵ
We saw him for ten minutes at the most. She ran two miles at most.
ܼʮӡӢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m?3st} * see  m?- 3
Դ Ӣ m?3st} *μ m?- 3
Adv., sense 3, probably short for almost 
3Ϊ almostļд
?
Most
Most
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[m%8st]
K.K.[m%st]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of northwest Czechoslovakia near the German border northwest of Prague. It dates to at least the 11th century. Population, 63,634.
Ī˹أݿ˹工һУλڲ¹߾ʷٿ׷ݵ11͡˿63,634

= =
mostly
most.ly
AHD:[m?stl?] 
D.J.[6m*&stli8]
K.K.[6mostli]
adv.ʣ
For the greatest part; mainly.
ಿֵأҪ
Generally; usually.
ձأͨ

= =
motel
mo.tel
AHD:[m?-tl] 
D.J.[m*&6tel]
K.K.[mo6tWl]
n.ʣ
An establishment that provides lodging for motorists in rooms usually having direct access to an open parking area.Also called  motor court ,motor lodge 
ùݣһΪеṩסʩֱͨͨͣͨҲ  motor court,motor lodge
?
Blend of motor 
 motor
hotel 
hotel

= =
mother
mother 1
AHD:[m?Yr] 
D.J.[6mJH*]
K.K.[6mJH+]
n.ʣ
A woman who conceives, gives birth to, or raises and nurtures a child.
ĸףͽСŮ
A female parent of an animal.
ĸޣ˫׵Ĵһ
A female ancestor.
Ů
A woman who holds a position of authority or responsibility similar to that of a mother:
Ůܣӵĸ׵ĵλȨƻεŮˣ
a den mother.
Ůܼ
Roman Catholic Church 
̡ 
A mother superior.
Ů޵ԺԺ
Used as a form of address for such a woman.
Ů޵ԺԺĳƺ
A woman who creates, originates, or founds something:
ŮʼˣŮˣ졢򴴽ĳŮˣ
the discovery of radium, which made Marie Curie mother to the Atomic Age(Alden Whitman)
صķʹΪԭʱ֮ĸ(¶ǡ)
A creative source; an origin:
ԴȪԵԴͷԴ
Philosophy is the mother of the sciences.
ѧΪѧĸ
Used as a title for a woman respected for her wisdom and age.
裬Щǻۻ϶𾴵Ů˵ĳƺ
Maternal love and tenderness:
ĸԣĸ᣺
brought out the mother in her.
ĸ
Vulgar Slang Something considered extraordinary, as in disagreeableness, size, or intensity.
 ٵ ޴Ϊܲƽĳ񡢳ߴǿȷ
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or being mother.
ĸ׵ģĸϵĻΪĸ׵
Characteristic of a mother:
ĸɫģ
mother love.
ĸ
Being the source or origin:
ԴģΪԴȪԴģ
the mother church.
̻᱾
Derived from or as if from one's mother; native:
ģӻƺĳ˵ĸ״ȡģģ
one's mother language.
ĸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
moth.ered,moth.er.ing,moth.ers 
To give birth to; create and produce.
Ͳ
To watch over, nourish, and protect maternally.See Usage Note at father 
ĸװؼලͱμ father
?
Middle English moder, mother 
йӢ moder, mother 
from Old English m?r * see  m3ter- 
Դ Ӣ m?r *μ m3ter- 
?
mother
mother 2
AHD:[m?Yr] 
D.J.[6mJH*]
K.K.[6mJH+]
n.ʣ
A stringy slime composed of yeast cells and bacteria that forms on the surface of fermenting liquids and is added to wine or cider to start the production of vinegar.
ĸһɷϸγڷϸɵճ״ѾƻƻԿʼƵ
?
Probably alteration  influenced by mother 1
Ϊ   mother1Ӱ 
of obsolete Dutch moeder 
 ѷϺ moederı仯 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
probably from moeder [mother of children] * see  m3ter- 
Դ moeder [ǵĸ] *μ m3ter- 

= =
motion
mo.tion
AHD:[m?shn] 
D.J.[6m*&.*n]
K.K.[6mo.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of changing position or place.
˶ıλûصĶ
A meaningful or expressive change in the position of the body or a part of the body; a gesture.
Ƶı仯ĳλġбλøı䣻
Active operation:
ת
set the plan in motion.
ִиüƻ
The ability or power to move:
˶ƶ
lost motion in his arm.
ĸ첲ܶ
The manner in which the body moves, as in walking.
̬ƶķʽ߹
A prompting from within; an impulse or inclination:
ڲĴ̼嶯
resigned of her own motion.
Ըְ
Music Melodic ascent and descent of pitch.
֡ ɵıƣɵ½
Law An application made to a court for an order or a ruling.
ɡ 룺ԺһΪԼ
A formal proposal put to the vote under parliamentary procedures.
飺һ½еͶƱϯʽ鰸
A mechanical device or piece of machinery that moves or causes motion; a mechanism.
еװã˶˶Ļеװûеװ
The movement or action of such a device.
е˶װõ˶Ϊ
v.ʣ
mo.tioned,mo.tion.ing,mo.tions 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct by making a gesture:
ƣͨ
motioned us to our seats.
ָʾǵλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To signal by making a gesture:
ʾ⣺ָ
motioned to her to enter.
ʾ
?
go through the motions
To do something in a mechanical manner indicative of a lack of interest or involvement.
̬еĳ£ʾȱȤͶ
?
Middle English mocioun 
йӢ mocioun 
from Old French motion 
Դ ŷ motion 
from Latin m??}  m?ti?n- 
Դ  m??}  m?ti?n- 
from m?s [past participle of] mov?re [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ m?s  [] mov?reĹȥִ [ƶ] *μ meu- 

= =
motivate
mo.ti.vate
AHD:[m?t-v3t] 
D.J.[6m*&t*7ve!t]
K.K.[6mot*7vet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mo.ti.vat.ed,mo.ti.vat.ing,mo.ti.vates 
To provide with an incentive; move to action; impel.
ṩ裨ĳģʹжƶ
?
motivator
n.ʣ

= =
motive
mo.tive
AHD:[m?t1v] 
D.J.[6m*&t!v]
K.K.[6mot!v]
n.ʣ
An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that acts as an incitement to action.
һΪյΪԸҪƵƶ
[m?t1v, m?-t?v] A motif in art, literature, or music.
[m?t1v, m?-t?v] ⣺ѧֵ
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or able to cause motion:
˶ģ˶Ļ˶ģ
motive power.
ȣ
Impelling to action:
ģжģ
motive pleas.

Of or constituting an incitement to action.
ģжյĻܹյж
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mo.tived,mo.tiv.ing,mo.tives 
To motivate.
ʹ
?
Middle English motif, motive 
йӢ motif, motive 
from Old French motif 
Դ ŷ motif 
from Late Latin m?ovus} [of motion] 
Դ  m?ovus} [˶] 
from Latin m?s [past participle of] mov?re [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ  m?s  [] mov?reĹȥִ [ƶ] *μ meu- 

= =
motor
mo.tor
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6m*&t*]
K.K.[6mot+]
n.ʣ
Something, such as a machine or an engine, that produces or imparts motion.
趯壬е
A device that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy, especially an internal-combustion engine or an arrangement of coils and magnets that converts electric current into 
mechanical power.
綯ܰκʽתеܵһװãָȼͷһܰѵתΪеȦʹ
A motor vehicle, especially an automobile.
ָ
adj.ݴʣ
Causing or producing motion:
ԭģ߲˶ģ
motor power.
ԭ
Driven by or having a motor.
зģɷĻз
Of or for motors or motor vehicles:
ģġ֮йصĻΪ֮Ƶģ
motor oil.

Of, relating to, or designating nerves that carry impulses from the nerve centers to the muscles.
˶񾭵ģйػָʾ񾭰ѳ嶯񾭴
Involving or relating to movements of the muscles:
˶ģ漰йؼ˶ģ
motor coordination; a motor reflex.
˶Э˶
v.ʣ
mo.tored,mo.tor.ing,mo.tors 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drive or travel in a motor vehicle.
ݳ˳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry by motor vehicle.

?
Middle English motour [prime mover] 
йӢ motour [] 
from Latin m?r 
Դ  m?r 
from m?s [past participle of] mov?re [to move] * see  meu- 
Դ m?s  [] mov?reĹȥִ [ƶ] *μ meu- 

= =
mould
mould 1
AHD:[m?ld] 
D.J.[m*&ld]
K.K.[mold]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of mold 1
 moldı1
?
mould
mould 2
AHD:[m?ld] 
D.J.[m*&ld]
K.K.[mold]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of mold 2
 moldı2
?
mould
mould 3
AHD:[m?ld] 
D.J.[m*&ld]
K.K.[mold]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of mold 3
 moldı3

= =
mount
mount 1
AHD:[mount] 
D.J.[ma&nt]
K.K.[ma&nt]
v.ʣ
mount.ed,mount.ing,mounts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To climb or ascend:
ʵǣϣ
mount stairs.
¥
To place oneself upon; get up on:
ϣϣʹԼȥϵϣ
mount a horse; mount a platform.
̨̨
To climb onto (a female) for copulation. Used of male animals.
ｻʱڡϣԶϣԽн䣬Զ
To furnish with a horse for riding.
䰰Ϊ䰰
To  set on a horse:
ﵽϣ
mount the saddle.

To set in a raised position:
װãߵλϣ
mount a bed on blocks.
Ѵŵľ
To fix securely to a support:
裻̶Ϊ֧סι̵ع̶ס
mount an engine in a car.
̶
To place or fix on or in the appropriate support or setting for display or study:
ǶǶ룺Ϊչʾоڻ̶ĳ֧ϻ򱳾ϣ
mount stamps in an album; mount a specimen on a slide.
ƱǶʲѱ걾Ƕ΢Ƭ
To provide with scenery, costumes, and other equipment necessary for production:
׼ݣΪݳòװҪߣ
mount a play.
׼һ̨Ϸ
To organize and equip:
֯װ
mount an army.
һ֧
To prepare and set in motion:
׼һ˶
mount an attack.
һν
To set in position for use:
ã尲ĳλԱʹã
mount guns.
ܺǹ
To carry as equipment:
䱸ΪװöЯ
The warship mounted ten guns.
ս䱸ʮ֧ǹ
To post (a guard).
ããڣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go upward; rise.

To get up on something, as a horse or bicycle.
ϣĳг
To increase in amount, extent, or intensity:
Χܶȷ
Expenses are mounting up. Costs quickly mounted.See Synonyms at rise 
ӡɱμ rise
n.ʣ
The act or manner of mounting.
ʣǣʵǵΪʽ
A means of conveyance, such as a horse, on which to ride.
عߣڡϵطʽ
An opportunity to ride a horse in a race.
᣺Ļ
An object to which another is affixed or on which another is placed for accessibility, display, or use, especially:
̶һ壻Ϊԡչʾʹöһϵ
A glass slide for use with a microscope.
Ƭ΢ﲣƬ
A hinge used to fasten stamps in an album.
ֽƱ̶ڼʲ͸ֽ
A setting for a jewel.
̨鱦
An undercarriage or stand on which a device rests while in service.
ʹʱ豸̶ϵĵ֧
?
Middle English mounten 
йӢ mounten 
from Old French monter 
Դ ŷ monter 
from Vulgar Latin *mont3e 
Դ  *mont3e 
from Latin m?s  mont- [mountain] * see  men- 2
Դ  m?s  mont- [ɽ] *μ men- 2
?
mountable
adj.ݴʣ
mounter
n.ʣ
?
mount
mount 2
AHD:[mount] 
D.J.[ma&nt]
K.K.[ma&nt]
n.ʣ
Abbr. mt.,Mt.A mountain or hill. Used especially as part of a proper name.
д mt.,Mt.ɽɽ꣬ɽʽ
Any of the seven fleshy cushions around the edges of the palm of the hand in palmistry.
ϵ7λƲԵС͹
?
Middle English mont 
йӢ mont 
from Old English munt 
Դ Ӣ munt 
and from Old French mont, munt 
Դ ŷ mont, munt 
both from Latin m?s  mont- * see  men- 2
Դ  m?s  mont- *μ men- 2

= =
mountain
moun.tain
AHD:[mountn] 
D.J.[6ma&nt*n]
K.K.[6ma&nt*n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. mt.,Mt.,mtn.,Mtn.A natural elevation of the earth's surface having considerable mass, generally steep sides, and a height greater than that of a hill.
д mt.,Mt.,mtn.,Mtn.ɽȻγɵĸ߳ڵһߵأռعͨමұҪ
A large heap:
һѣ
a mountain of laundry.
һҪϴ·
A huge quantity:

a mountain of trouble.
ܶ鷳
?
Middle English mountaine 
йӢ mountaine 
from Old French montaigne, muntaigne 
Դ ŷ montaigne, muntaigne 
from Vulgar Latin *mont3a 
Դ  *mont3a 
from feminine of *mont3s [of a mountain] 
Դ *mont3 [ɽ] 
from Latin mont3s 
Դ  mont3s 
from m?s  mont- [mountain] * see  men- 2
Դ m?s  mont- [ɽ] *μ men- 2
?
mountainy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
mourn
mourn
AHD:[m?rn, m?rn] 
D.J.[m%8n, m*&rn]
K.K.[m%rn, morn]
v.ʣ
mourned,mourn.ing,mourns 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel or express grief or sorrow.See Synonyms at grieve 
ʹеʾ˻ʹμ grieve
To show grief for a death by conventional signs, as by wearing black clothes.
ɥ߱ʾϴͳǣһڲ
To make a low, indistinct, mournful sound. Used especially of a dove.
棺͵͵ġġʹָҰӹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel or express deep regret for:
еʾź
mourned the wasted years.
ûȵ껪
To grieve over (someone who has died).
߱ʾ
To utter sorrowfully.
˵
?
Middle English mournen 
йӢ mournen 
from Old English murnan * see  (s)mer- 1
Դ Ӣ murnan *μ (s)mer- 1
?
mourner
n.ʣ
mourningly
adv.ʣ

= =
mouse
mouse
AHD:[mous] 
D.J.[ma&s]
K.K.[ma&s]
n.ʣ
 mice[mos]  
Any of numerous small rodents of the families Muridae and Cricetidae, such as the common house mouse(Mus musculus),  characteristically having a pointed snout, small, rounded 
ears, and a long, naked or almost hairless tail. 
һƺͲƼСද糣ļ󣨼 صΪ졢СԲ䡢ëëβ 
Any of various similar or related animals, such as the jumping mouse, the vole, or the jerboa.
ƻ֮йصĶ
A cowardly or timid person.
ССų
Informal A discolored swelling under the eye caused by a blow; a black eye.
ʽ ۲ף۾²ܴ׿飻۾
pl. mice or mous.es [mous1z]  Computer Science A hand-held, button-activated input device that when rolled along a flat surface directs an indicator to move correspondingly about a 
computer screen, allowing the operator to move the indicator freely, as to select operations or manipulate text or graphics.
 mice  mous.es [mous1z]  ѧ ꣺һְֶ豸ƽ̨ϻʱӦƶĻϵָ룬ʹò߿ƶָ
ɴѡ㡢ıͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
moused,mous.ing,mous.es[mouz]  
To hunt mice.

To search furtively for something; prowl.
͵͵Ѱ͵͵ѰѰ
?
Middle English mous 
йӢ mous 
from Old English m?s * see  m?s- 
Դ Ӣ m?s *μ m?s- 

= =
mouth
mouth
AHD:[mouth] 
D.J.[ma&G]
K.K.[ma&G]
n.ʣ
 mouths[mouYz]  
The body opening through which an animal takes in food.
죺ͨʳĿڲλ
The cavity lying at the upper end of the alimentary canal, bounded on the outside by the lips and inside by the oropharynx and containing in higher vertebrates the tongue, gums, and 
teeth.
ڣλ϶ǻ⣬˫Ϊ硢зٵǻڸ߼׵аࡢͳ
This cavity regarded as the source of sounds and speech.
ΪܷͽԴǻ
The opening to any cavity or canal in an organ or a bodily part.
ڴٻĳλͨκζǻͨĿڴ
The part of the lips visible on the human face.
촽ɱĴһ
A person viewed as a consumer of food:
ˣʳߵˣ
has three mouths to feed at home.
Ҫ
A pout, grimace, or similar expression.
죬ĹࡢƵı
Utterance; voice:
¶˵˵Ļ
gave mouth to her doubts.
˵ɻ
A tendency to talk excessively or unwisely.
죺˵˵
Impudent or vulgar talk:
Բѷ³ð
Watch your mouth.
ҪԲѷ
A spokesperson: a mouthpiece.
˻
A natural opening, as the part of a stream or river that empties into a larger body of water or the entrance to a harbor, canyon, valley, or cave.
ӿڣһȻγɵĿڣΪϪˮһ֣ͨ˿ˮ塢򶴵
The opening through which a container is filled or emptied.
עڣܻĿ
The opening between the jaws of a vise or other holding or gripping tool.
ǯڣǯӻ̶нùߵǯ֮Ŀռ
Music 
֡ 
An opening in the pipe of an organ.
٣ϵĿ
The opening in the mouthpiece of a flute across which the player blows.
ӣϴߴĿ
v.ʣ
mouthed,mouth.ing,mouths[mouY]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To speak or pronounce, especially:
˵ָ
To declare in a pompous manner; declaim:
ׯصķʽ˵
mouthing his opinions of the candidates.
Щѡ˵Ŀ
To utter without conviction or understanding:
ſڿӣ˵˵ػԼͲ˽˵
mouthing empty compliments.
˵Щά
To form soundlessly:
Σ˵
I mouthed the words as the others sang.
˳ʱ
To utter indistinctly; mumble.
죺˵
To take or move around in the mouth.
ʹﶯ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To orate affectedly; declaim.
ƣиȾ˵
To grimace.

?
mouth off ٵ
To express one's opinions or complaints in a loud, indiscreet manner.
ɧء±çرĳ˵Ĺ۵Թ
To speak impudently; talk back.
죺ò˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English m?h * see  men- 2
Դ Ӣ m?h *μ men- 2

= =
mouthful
mouth.ful
AHD:[mouthf?l] 
D.J.[6ma&G7f&l]
K.K.[6ma&G7f&l]
n.ʣ
The amount of food or other material that can be placed or held in the mouth at one time.
ڣպһܷŽʳ
A small amount to be tasted or eaten.
һڣƷ
A long word, name, or phrase that is difficult to pronounce.
ֿ߳ڵĴʡֻ
An important or perceptive remark:
ҪĻжĻ
You said a mouthful!
˵ö

= =
move
move
AHD:[m?v] 
D.J.[mu8v]
K.K.[muv]
v.ʣ
moved,mov.ing,moves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change in position from one point to another:
ƶһλһλõı仯
moved away from the window.
Ӵƿ
To progress in sequence; go forward:
ǰչ ǰǰ
a novel that moves slowly.
չС˵
To follow a specified course:
תض·˶
Earth moves around the sun.
̫ת
To progress toward a particular state or condition:
չضλ״չ
moving up in the company; moved into the lead.
ڹ˾ְȵλ
To go from one residence or location to another; relocate.
ңһסػ򶨾ӵᵽһ¶
To start off; depart.
뿪
To be disposed of by sale:
ۣͨ۶֣
Woolens move slowly in the summer.
ëƷ
To change posture or position; stir:
任λûƣ
was afraid to move.
ŵòҶ
Games To change the position of a piece in a board game.
Ϸ ƶӣϷлһӵλ
To be put in motion or to turn according to a prescribed motion. Used of machinery.
תʹԤƵĲ迪ʼлڻе
To exhibit great activity or energy.
չֳֻ
To initiate an action; act.
УжʼһΪж
To be active in a particular environment:
ԾĳĻлԾ
moves in diplomatic circles.
Ծ⽻
To stir the emotions:
ʹж飺
words that have the power to move.
˸жĻ
To make a formal motion in parliamentary procedure:
鰸ĳʽ飺
move for an adjournment.
ݻ
To evacuate. Used of the bowels.
ͨ㣺йڳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change the place or position of:
Ǩƣʹıλûλ
moved her office; could not move his arm.
ıְ񣻲ƶĸ첲
To cause to go from one place to another:
ʹƶ´һλƵһλã
moved the crowd away.
ƿȺ
Games To change (a piece) from one position to another in a board game:
Ϸ ӣϷƶһӣ
moved a pawn.

To change the course of:
ת򣺱任·ߣ
moved the discussion to other matters.
תĻ
To dislodge from a fixed point of view, as by persuasion:
˵ʹıһγɵĹ۵㣬˵İ취
Speak to him, ladies, see if you can move him(Shakespeare)
Ůʿǣ̸̸ģܷ˵(ɯʿ)
To prompt to an action; rouse:
𣬷𣺵Ϊķ
Anger moved her to speak out.
ŭʹȫг
To set or keep in motion.
ʹתʹ˶˶״̬
To cause to function.
ʹת
To cause to progress or advance.
ʹǰչǰ
To arouse the emotions of; affect.
飺飻ʹж
To excite or provoke to the expression of an emotion:
жֳ
The film moved me to tears.See Synonyms at affect 1
ⲿƬʹҸжμ affect1
To propose or request in formal parliamentary procedure:
飺ʽ
moved that a vote be taken.
ȡͶƱ
To make formal application to (a court, for example).
룺ʽͥ
To dispose of by sale:
ת֣֣
moved the new merchandise quickly.
µĻ
To cause (the bowels) to evacuate.
ͨ㣺ʹй
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of moving.
ƶƶΪƶʵ
A particular manner of moving:
ƶⷽʽ
made some intricate moves on the dance floor.
߷ӵ貽
A change of residence or location.
ңסصı任
Games 
Ϸ 
An act of transferring a piece from one position to another in board games.
ӣϷнһӴһλƶһλ
The prescribed manner in which a piece may be played.
·Ԥƺõӵķʽ
A participant's turn to make a play.
壺ֵһμ߲Ĵ
An action taken to achieve an objective; a maneuver:
ԣΪĳĿĶȡжԣ
a move to halt the arms race.
ֹͣĲ
?
move in
To begin to occupy a residence or place of business.
ʼռһסլػҵ
?
get a move onʽ
To get started; get going.
Ͽʼ׼
move in on
To make intrusive advances toward; intrude on.
룺ĳؾַʵǰ
To attempt to seize control of:
ƣҪտȨ
moving in on their territory.
ǵ
on the move
Busily moving about; active:
æµģæµضߵģģ
A nurse is on the move all day.
ʿæ
Going from one place to another:
ǨƲģһطһģ
troops on the move.
תƵĲ
Making progress; advancing:
нչģǰģ
a technology that is clearly on the move.
нչļ
?
Middle English moven 
йӢ moven 
from Old French movoir 
Դ ŷ movoir 
from Latin mov?e * see  meu- 
Դ  mov?e *μ meu- 

= =
movement
move.ment
AHD:[m?vmnt] 
D.J.[6mu8vm*nt]
K.K.[6muvm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of moving; a change in place or position.
˶˶Ķʵصλõı仯
A particular manner of moving.
˶ⷽʽ
A change in the location of troops, ships, or aircraft for tactical or strategic purposes.
ǲΪսĿĶԾӡֻɻı仯
A series of actions and events taking place over a period of time and working to foster a principle or policy:
һʱΪﵽĳԭ߶еһϵл¼
a movement toward world peace.
ȡƽ˶
An organized effort by supporters of a common goal:
˶壺йͬĿĵ֧е֯ļŬ
an early leader of the labor movement.
͹˶쵼
A tendency or trend:
ƣƻ
a movement toward larger kitchens.

A change in the market price of a security or commodity.
۸ģ䶯֤ȯƷг۸ı䶯
An evacuation of the bowels.
ͨ㣺й
The matter so evacuated.
㣺й
The suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.
̬Уڻ滭̺жֻ̬о
The progression of events in the development of a literary plot.
ۣѧƽ¼ķչ
The rhythmical or metrical structure of a poetic composition.
ɣʫƪϻĽṹ
Music A self-contained section of a composition.
֡ £ƪнṹһΣ֣
A mechanism, such as the works of a watch, that produces or transmits motion.
תװãܴͻ˶еװãĻо

= =
movie
mov.ie
AHD:[m?v?] 
D.J.[6mu8vi8]
K.K.[6muvi]
n.ʣ
A sequence of photographs projected onto a screen with sufficient rapidity as to create the illusion of motion and continuity.
ӰһƬͶӰĻϲԼٶηӳʹ֮ԺͶ̬Ӿ
A connected cinematic narrative represented in this form.
ӰڣԵӰʽֵصӰƬ
A theater that shows movies.
ӰԺŵӰľԺ
movies 
 movies 
A showing of a movie. Often used withthe.  
ӳӰķӳthe  
The movie industry.
ӰҵӰҵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a movie producer; movie stars.
ƬˣӰ
?
Shortening and alteration of moving picture 
 moving pictureļдͱ仯

= =
much
much
AHD:[m?ch] 
D.J.[mJt.]
K.K.[mJt.]
adj.ݴʣ
more[m?r, m?r] most[m?st]  
Great in quantity, degree, or extent:
̶ܴȵģ̶ȻΧϴģ
not much rain; much affection.
ˮࣻమ
n.ʣ
A large quantity or amount:

Much has been written.
ѱд
Something great or remarkable:
ҪĻ˲Ķ
I've never been much to look at.
Ҵ
adv.ʣ
more,most 
To a great degree or extent:
ܣ̶ȺΧܴأ
much smarter.
ܴ
Just about; almost:
ࣺ
much the same.
һ
Frequently; often:
ʱأʱ
doesn't get out much.
ȥ
?
much less
And certainly not:
˵
Happiness is an emotion not often spoken of at the magazine, much less experienced(Brendan Gill)
ҸǾ־ᵽĸ飬˵ܹʱõġ(׵)
?
Middle English muche 
йӢ muche 
short for muchel 
 muchelļд 
from Old English mycel * see  meg- 
Դ Ӣ mycel *μ meg- 

= =
mud
mud
AHD:[m?d] 
D.J.[mJd]
K.K.[mJd]
n.ʣ
Wet, sticky, soft earth, as on the banks of a river.
ࣺʪճںӰ
Slang Wet plaster, mortar, or cement.
ٵ ࣺʪࡢҽˮ
Slanderous or defamatory charges or comments:
̰ҥ˵ġָۣ
slinging mud at his opponent.
Զֶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mud.ded,mud.ding,muds 
To cover or spatter with or as if with mud.
ĨࣺĨʹȫ
?
Middle English mudde 
йӢ mudde 
probably from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
Middle Dutch modde 
йź modde 
?
MUD
MUD
AHD:[m?d] 
D.J.[mJd]
K.K.[mJd]
n.ʣ
A computer program, usually running over the Internet, that allows multiple users to participate in virtual-reality role-playing games.
λʹһöλͬʱɫݵĳ
?
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(ungeon)  
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(ungeon)  
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(imension)  
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(imension)  
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(omain) 
m(ulti-)u(ser) d(omain) 
?
MUDder
n.ʣ
?
MUDding
n.ʣ

= =
muddy
mud.dy
AHD:[m?d?] 
D.J.[6mJdi8]
K.K.[6mJdi]
adj.ݴʣ
mud.di.er,mud.di.est 
Full of or covered with mud.
ŢģǵĻմ
Not bright or pure:
ǵģ򲻴ģ
a muddy color.
ǵɫ
Not clear; cloudy, as with sediment:
ģģǵģʣ
muddy coffee.
ǵĿ
Lacking luster; dull:
ģȱٹģģ
a muddy complexion.
ϰķɫ
Confused or vague:
ҵĻģ
muddy thinking.
ҵ˼ά
v.tr.ﶯʣ
mud.died,mud.dy.ing,mud.dies 
To make dirty or muddy.
ŪࣺʹŢ
To make dull or cloudy.
ʹ鲻ãʹ
To make obscure or confused.
ʹԻʹͿ
?
muddily
adv.ʣ
muddiness
n.ʣ

= =
mug
mug 1
AHD:[m?g] 
D.J.[mJg]
K.K.[mJg]
n.ʣ
A heavy cylindrical drinking cup usually having a handle.
һֽϳͲ״ͨа
The amount that such a cup can hold.
һһıӿ֮
?
[Perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
mug
mug 2
AHD:[m?g] 
D.J.[mJg]
K.K.[mJg]
n.ʣ
Informal 
ʽ 
The human face.See Synonyms at face 
μ face
The area of the human mouth, chin, and jaw.
˵졢°ͺĲλ
A grimace.

A mug shot.
沿Ƭ
A thug; a hoodlum.
ͽ
Chiefly British A victim or dupe.
Ӣ ܺߣ
v.ʣ
mugged,mug.ging,mugs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Informal To photograph (a person's face) for police files.
ʽ Ϊִ浵֮öһ˵
To threaten or assault (a person) with the intent to rob.
ϮΪ͵ԶвŹĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make exaggerated facial expressions, especially for humorous effect.
ŵı飬ָʱ
?
Probably from mug 1 [possibly in allusion to mugs decorated with grotesque faces] 
Դ mug1 [ָܰùװεĴ] 
?
Various senses of the termmug  illustrate uses and abuses of the human face. One use to which the face was put in the 18th century was as a form of decoration for cups or mugs.It is 
probably from these grotesque and striking facesthatmug  came to mean face, the word in this sense being first recorded in 1708.The next recorded development ofmug  is its use 
as a verb in 1818 in the sense to strike in the face. This verb has developed the sense to attack and rob,all too familiar to urban dwellers.The face's role in conveying emotion 
explains the development of the verb sense to make faces, grimace,recorded first in 1855.Another sense of the noun, photograph or portrait of the face,found earliest in 1887,is 
an obvious development, although it is ironic that those who mug criminally end up in a mug book.The use of the face to express affection explains the sense to kiss, fondle,
recorded first in Australia in 1890.
mug ĸֲͬĺʾ˶ʹúá һ;18ΪϵװͼҲЩ˾ȵףmug ʼָ ôд
ȼ¼1708ꡣ˺һм¼mug ÷Ϊʵ˼ǡ ԺַչΪϮ١֮⣬Գ˵̫Ϥˡڱ
ʱݵɫԽ͸öʵ塰񡱣˼¼1855ꡣʵһ˼Ƭ1887꣬Ȼзζ
Щٷսմ浵ȻһԶ׼Ľ鰮ָǣ÷1890ڰĴм

= =
multiple
mul.ti.ple
AHD:[m?lt-pl] 
D.J.[6mJlt*p*l]
K.K.[6mJlt*p*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having, relating to, or consisting of more than one individual, element, part, or other component; manifold.
ϵģһɡ漰һϸ塢Ԫءֻɲֵģ
n.ʣ
Mathematics A number that may be divided by another number with no remainder:
ѧ һԱһ
4, 6, and 12 are multiples of 2.
46122ı
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin multiplum [a multiple] 
Դ  multiplum [ģ] 
Latin multi- [multi-] 
 multi- [ǰ׺ʾࡱ] 
Latin -plus [-fold] * see  pel- 2
 -plus [ǰ׺ʾ] *μ pel- 2

= =
multiply
multiply 1
AHD:[m?lt-plo] 
D.J.[6mJlt*7pla!]
K.K.[6mJlt*7pla!]
v.ʣ
mul.ti.plied,mul.ti.ply.ing,mul.ti.plies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To increase the amount, number, or degree of.
ʹӣʹ̶ֻ
Mathematics To perform multiplication on.
ѧ ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow in amount, number, or degree.See Synonyms at increase 
ӣ̶ֻ߳μ increase
To breed or propagate.
ֳֳ
Mathematics To perform multiplication.
ѧ ˷
?
Middle English multiplien 
йӢ multiplien 
from Old French multiplier 
Դ ŷ multiplier 
from Latin multiplic3e 
Դ  multiplic3e 
from multiplex [multiplex] * see  multiplex 
Դ multiplex [] *μ multiplex
?
multiply
multiply 2
AHD:[m?lt-pl?] 
D.J.[6mJlt*7pli8]
K.K.[6mJlt*7pli]
adv.ʣ
In many or multiple ways.
أöַʽ

= =
multitude
mul.ti.tude
AHD:[m?lt1-t?d, -ty?d] 
D.J.[6mJlt!7tu8d, -7tju8d]
K.K.[6mJlt!7tud, -7tjud]
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of being numerous.
ڶ״̬
A very great number.
ܴĿ
The masses; the populace:
ڣڣ
the concerns of the multitude.
ڽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin multit??} 
Դ  multit??} 
from multus [many] * see  mel- 2
Դ multus [] *μ mel- 2
?
multitude,host,legion,army
These nouns all denote a very great number of people or things.
ЩʶζŴ˻
 Multitude  is the most general term: 
 Multitude  Ĵʣ 
a multitude of friends;
ڶѣ
a multitude of reasons.
ԭ
Host   andlegion  both stress impressively, sometimes countlessly large numbers: 
Host  degion ǿ ʱʾ޷ľ޴Ŀ 
a host of ideas;
ڶ
a legion of complaints.
ڶıԹ
Army  emphasizes order and often purposeful association: 
Army  ǿĿĵˣ 
an army of mosquitoes;
һȺӣ
an army of firefighters. 
һԱ 

= =
municipal
mu.nic.i.pal
AHD:[my?-n1s-pl] 
D.J.[mju86n!s*p*l]
K.K.[mju6n!s*p*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or typical of a municipality.
еģڡйػһе
Having local self-government.
طε
Issued on the authority of a local or state government.
طԵģɵط䲼
Of or relating to the internal affairs of a nation.
ģһڲص
n.ʣ
A municipal bond:
ծȯ
invested in tax-free municipals.
˰ծͶ
?
Latin m?3lis} 
 m?3lis} 
from m?m [town] 
Դ m?m [] 
from m?s [citizen] 
Դ m?s [] 
m?s [public office, duty] * see  mei- 1
m?s [ְְ] *μ mei- 1
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [е] *μ kap- 
?
municipally
adv.ʣ

= =
murder
mur.der
AHD:[m?rdr] 
D.J.[6mT8d*]
K.K.[6mPd+]
n.ʣ
The unlawful killing of one human being by another, especially with premeditated malice.
ıɱһ˶һķǷɱָԤı
Slang Something that is very uncomfortable, difficult, or hazardous:
ٵ £ǳġѵĻΣյ£
The rush hour traffic is murder.
ͨ߷ʱ֮
v.ʣ
mur.dered,mur.der.ing,mur.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To kill (another human being) unlawfully.
ɱǷɱһˣ
To kill brutally or inhumanly.
̵ĻԵɱ
To put an end to; destroy:
ƻ
murdered their chances.
ǵĻ
To spoil by ineptness; mutilate:
̣޴̣ƻ
a speech that murdered the English language.
̣ӢԵݽ
Slang To defeat decisively; trounce.
ٵ ׻ܣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To commit murder.
ıɱ
?
get away with murderʽ
To escape punishment for or detection of an egregiously blameworthy act.
ң⣺ӱܶԼ˶ӦΪͷ
murder will out
Secrets or misdeeds will eventually be disclosed.
ܣ߻£ҪҴ
?
Middle English murther 
йӢ murther 
from Old English morthor * see  mer- 
Դ Ӣ morthor *μ mer- 
?
murderer
n.ʣ
murderess
n.ʣ

= =
murderer
mur.der.er
AHD:[m?rdr-r] 
D.J.[6mT8d**]
K.K.[6mPrd*r+]
n.ʣ
One who commits murder.
ıɱ

= =
murmur
mur.mur
AHD:[m?rmr] 
D.J.[6mT8m*]
K.K.[6mPm+]
n.ʣ
A low, indistinct, continuous sound:
ͳ΢塢
spoke in a murmur; the murmur of the waves.
˵ε΢Ļ
An indistinct, whispered, or confidential complaint; a mutter.
治ġСĻ͵͵ıԹ
Medicine An abnormal sound, usually emanating from the heart, that sometimes indicates a diseased condition.
ҽѧ ͨ෢ʱζв
v.ʣ
mur.mured,mur.mur.ing,mur.murs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession of sounds.
Сһֻһϵеĵ΢
To complain in low mumbling tones; grumble.
Թõ΢Թɧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To say in a low indistinct voice; utter indistinctly:
˵΢˵
murmured his approval.
Сʾͬ
?
Middle English murmure 
йӢ murmure 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin murmur [a humming, roaring] 
Դ  murmur [ߺ] 
?
murmurer
n.ʣ
murmuringly
adv.ʣ
murmurous
adj.ݴʣ
murmurously
adv.ʣ

= =
muscle
mus.cle
AHD:[m?sl] 
D.J.[6mJs*l]
K.K.[6mJs*l]
n.ʣ
A tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement.
άܹͨӰ˶֯
A contractile organ consisting of a special bundle of muscle tissue, which moves a particular bone, part, or substance of the body:
⣺һļ֯ɵĿ٣ܹʹĲֹĳλϵĳ˶
the heart muscle; the muscles of the arm.
ļֱۼ
Muscular strength:

enough muscle to be a high jumper.
Ϊ˶Ա㹻ļ
Informal Power or authority:
ʽ ȨȨ
put some muscle into law enforcement.
ǿִ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
mus.cled,mus.cling,mus.cles ʽ 
To make one's way by or as if by force:
ǿл߽ǿмһ·
muscled into the conversation.
ǿв廰
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?s [diminutive of] m?s [mouse] * see  m?s- 
Դ  m?s  [] m?sС׺ [] *μ m?s- 
?
muscly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
muscular
mus.cu.lar
AHD:[m?sky-lr] 
D.J.[6mJskj*l*]
K.K.[6mJskj*l+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or consisting of muscle:
ģͼйصġɼɵģ
muscular contraction.

Having well-developed muscles:
ǿ׳ģⷢģ
a muscular build.
һǿ׳
Having or suggesting great power; forceful or vigorous:
ģģл򰵺ǿģǿĻʢģ
muscular advocacy groups.
ӵ
Having or suggesting an emphasis on hard physical activity, as at the expense of subtlety:
޵ģȻģл򰵺ǿģϸ΢֮
muscular religion; muscular reasoning that does not take the details into account.
޵ڽ̣ϸڵȻ
?
From Latin m?s [muscle] * see  muscle 
Դ  m?s [] *μ muscle
?
muscularity
AHD:[-l2r1-t?] ʣ
muscularly
adv.ʣ
?
muscular,athletic,brawny,burly,sinewy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is strong and powerfully built: 
ЩݴʵҪ˼ǡǿ׳ 
a muscular boxer;
һ׳ȭ֣
a robust and athletic young woman;
һǿ׳õḾŮ
brawny arms;
ⷢĸ첲
a burly stevedore;
һװж
a lean and sinewy frame. 
һݽ׳ 

= =
museum
mu.se.um
AHD:[my?-z?m] 
D.J.[mju86zi8*m]
K.K.[mju6zi*m]
n.Abbr. mus.ʣд mus.
A building, place, or institution devoted to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, or artistic value.
ݣá桢оչЩпѧԡʷԻֵƷнԽ͵ĽصṫĽ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
museum exhibits; museum tours.
ݵչƷݵѲչ
?
Latin M??um} 
 M??um} 
from Greek Mouseion [shrine of the Muses] 
Դ ϣ Mouseion [˹] 
from Mouseios [of the Muses] 
Դ Mouseios [˹] 
from Mousa [Muse] * see  men- 1
Դ Mousa [˹] *μ men- 1

= =
mushroom
mush.room
AHD:[m?shr?m, -r?m] 
D.J.[6mJ.7ru8m, -7r&m]
K.K.[6mJ.7rum, -7r&m]
n.ʣ
Any of various fleshy fungi of the class Basidiomycota, characteristically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on a stalk, especially any of the edible kinds, as those of the 
genusAgaricus.  
Ģʵеһ֣е͵ɡ״µľرɡ һֿʳ 
Something shaped like one of these fungi.
״״Щһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
mush.roomed,mush.room.ing,mush.rooms 
To multiply, grow, or expand rapidly:
ţǳչ
The population mushroomed in the postwar decades.
սʮ˿ڿ
To swell or spread out into a shape similar to a mushroom.
ʾ״ɢͻչĢ״
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to, consisting of, or containing mushrooms:
ĢģĢģĢйصġĢɵĻ߰Ģģ
mushroom sauce.
Ģ
Resembling a mushroom in shape:
״Ģģ
a mushroom cloud.
Ģ
Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth or evanescence:
ģĢһĿʧ
mushroom towns.
ٷչĳ
?
Middle English musheron 
йӢ musheron 
from Anglo-Norman moscheron, musherum 
Դ Ӣ moscheron, musherum 
from Old French mousseron 
Դ ŷ mousseron 
from Medieval Latin musari?}  musari?n- 
Դ  musari?}  musari?n- 

= =
music
mu.sic
AHD:[my?z1k] 
D.J.[6mju8z!k]
K.K.[6mjuz!k]
n.Abbr. mus.ʣд mus.
The art of arranging sounds in time so as to produce a continuous, unified, and evocative composition, as through melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre.
ͨࡢɡɫӹġͳһġи
Vocal or instrumental sounds possessing a degree of melody, harmony, or rhythm.
нࡢɻ
A musical composition.

The written or printed score for such a composition.
дµĻӡˢ
Such scores considered as a group:
׼
We keep our music in a stack near the piano.
ǰ׿ٶѳһ
A musical accompaniment.
ְ
A particular category or kind of music.
һ
An aesthetically pleasing or harmonious sound or combination of sounds:
һеġгϣ
the music of the wind in the pines.
еķ·һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French musique 
Դ ŷ musique 
from Latin m?a 
Դ  m?a 
from Greek (h?? (tekhn?)} [(art) of the Muses] 
Դ ϣ (h?? (tekhn?)} [˹Ů] 
[feminine of] mousikos [of the Muses] 
 [] mousikosԴ [˹Ů] 
from Mousa [Muse] * see  men- 1
Դ Mousa [˹] *μ men- 1

= =
musical
mu.si.cal
AHD:[my?z1-kl] 
D.J.[6mju8z!k*l]
K.K.[6mjuz!k*l]
adj.Abbr. mus.ݴʣд mus.
Of, relating to, or capable of producing music:
ֵģֵġйֵĻֵܹģ
a musical instrument.
һ
Characteristic of or resembling music; melodious:
ֵģĻֵģɵģ
a musical speaking voice.
ö˵
Set to or accompanied by music:
ֵģ
a musical revue.
ʱ·̾
Devoted to or skilled in music.
ֻ߾ֵͨ
n.Abbr. mus.ʣд mus.
A play or movie in which an often simple plot, developed by dialogue, is interspersed with songs and sometimes dances.
磬Ƭͨ򵥵ϷӰöԻƶڷչм䴩赸
Archaic A musicale.
 ֻ
?
musically
adv.ʣ

= =
musician
mu.si.cian
AHD:[my?-z1shn] 
D.J.[mju86z!.*n]
K.K.[mju6z!.*n]
n.Abbr. mus.ʣд mus.
One who composes, conducts, or performs music, especially instrumental music.
ּңָӻֵˣر
?
Middle English musicien 
йӢ musicien 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?a [music] * see  music 
Դ  m?a [] *μ music
?
musicianly
adj.ݴʣ
musicianship
n.ʣ

= =
must
must 1
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[mJst]
K.K.[mJst]
v.aux.ʣ
To be obliged or required by morality, law, or custom:
룺ΪġɻϰҪǿȣ
Citizens must register in order to vote.
Ϊ˽ѡ٣ǱǼ
To be compelled, as by a physical necessity or requirement:
룬ҪҪҪȣ
Plants must have oxygen in order to live.
Ϊ˴ֲ
Used to express a command or an admonition:
һ룺ʾԸ
You must not go there alone. You simply must be careful.
һҪȥһҪС
To be determined to; have as a fixed resolve:
һ¾һҪҪ
If you must leave, do it quietly.
һҪ뿪Ǿĵ
Used to indicate inevitability or certainty:
ʾɱԻ߿ԣ
We all must die.
Ƕ
Used to indicate logical probability or presumptive certainty:
ܣʾ߼ƶϵĿԻٶıȻԣ
If the lights were on, they must have been at home.
ţôһڼ
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To be required or obliged to go:
Ҫȥ
I must from hence(Shakespeare)
ұߡ(ɯʿ)
n.ʣ
Something that is absolutely required or indispensable:
һԣԱҪ򲻿ɱӦȥ֮£
Promptness on the job is a must. Comfortable shoes are a must when taking a walking tour of Wales.
׼ʱǾԱҪġȥʿʱЬǾԱҪƷ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a new book that is must reading; a list of must legislation for the session.
һɲ飻ͥȱٵһ
?
Middle English moste 
йӢ moste 
from Old English m?e [past tense of] m?tan [to be allowed] * see  med- 
Դ Ӣ m?e  [] m?tanĹȥʱ [] *μ med- 
?
must
must 2
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[mJst]
K.K.[mJst]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being stale or musty.
ù¸߷ùԻ״̬
?
Probably back-formation from musty 
Դ mustyɴ
?
must
must 3
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[mJst]
K.K.[mJst]
n.ʣ
The unfermented or fermenting juice expressed from fruit, especially grapes.
֭ˮѹķͻδ͵Ĺ֭رǴм
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin mustum [neuter of] mustus [new, fresh] 
Դ  mustum  [] mustus [µģʵ] 
?
must
must 4
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[mJst]
K.K.[mJst]
n.ʣ
Variant of musth 
 musthı
?
must
must 5
AHD:[m?st] 
D.J.[mJst]
K.K.[mJst]
n.ʣ
Musk.

?
Scottish 
ո 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
variant of musc * see  musk 
 muscı *μ musk

= =
mute
mute
AHD:[my?t] 
D.J.[mju8t]
K.K.[mjut]
adj.ݴʣ
mut.er,mut.est 
Refraining from producing speech or vocal sound.
Ĭģ˵Ļ򲻷
Unable to speak.
˵
Unable to vocalize, as certain animals.See Synonyms at dumb 
ܷģĳЩμ dumb
Expressed without speech; unspoken:
ģģ
a mute appeal.
Ŀ
Law Refusing to plead when under arraignment.
ɡ ⲻ棺ָʱܲ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Not pronounced; silent, as thee  in the word house.  
ģģģe ڵ house  
Pronounced with a temporary stoppage of breath, as the sounds (p) and (b); plosive; stopped.
ͣٵģʱԶݱģ縨(p)(b)ѵģͣٵ
n.ʣ
Offensive One who is incapable of speech.
 ư
Law A defendant who refuses to plead when under arraignment.
ɡ ָʱܲı
Music Any of various devices used to muffle or soften the tone of an instrument.
֡ κһ߼
Linguistics 
ѧ 
A silent letter.

A plosive; a stop.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
mut.ed,mut.ing,mutes 
To soften or muffle the sound of.

To soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of.
ʹͣʹɫӰɫȱ
?
Middle English muet 
йӢ muet 
from Old French [from diminutive of] mu 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴmuС׺ 
from Latin m?s 
Դ  m?s 
?
mutely
adv.ʣ
muteness
n.ʣ

= =
mutter
mut.ter
AHD:[m?tr] 
D.J.[6mJt*]
K.K.[6mJt+]
v.ʣ
mut.tered,mut.ter.ing,mut.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To speak indistinctly in low tones.
棺С˵
To complain or grumble morosely.
ıԹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or say in low, indistinct tones.
ֹСġ˵
n.ʣ
A low grumble or indistinct utterance.
棺߲˵
?
Middle English muttren 
йӢ muttren 
possibly from Latin muttoe 
Դ  muttoe 
?
mutterer
n.ʣ

= =
mutton
mut.ton
AHD:[m?tn] 
D.J.[6mJtn]
K.K.[6mJt2]
n.ʣ
The flesh of fully grown sheep.
⣺
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French mouton, moton 
Դ ŷ mouton, moton 
from Medieval Latin mult?}  mult?n- 
Դ  mult?}  mult?n- 
[of Celtic origin] * see  mel- 1
[Դ] *μ mel- 1

= =
mutual
mu.tu.al
AHD:[my?ch?-l] 
D.J.[6mju8t.u8*l]
K.K.[6mjut.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the same relationship each to the other:
˴صģ໥֮йͬϵģ
mutual predators.
˴صʳԶ
Directed and received in equal amount; reciprocal:
໥ģ˴˵ģָĻȵܵģݵģ
mutual respect.
໥֮
Possessed in common:
ͬӵеģ
mutual interests.
ͬ
Of, relating to, or in the form of mutual insurance.
໥յģ໥յģй໥յĻ໥ʽ
n.ʣ
A mutual fund.
л
?
French mutuel 
 mutuel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin m?s [borrowed] * see  mei- 1
Դ  m?s [] *μ mei- 1
?
mutuality
AHD:[-2l1-t?] ʣ
mutually
adv.ʣ
?
Mutual  is uncontroversially used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more things, in which use it can be paraphrased by expressions involvingbetween  or each other.  
Thustheir mutual animosity  means their animosity for each other or the animosity between them, anda mutual defense treaty  is one in which each party agrees to come to the 
defense of the other. Butmutual  is also widely used where one might expect common, as inThe bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor  and particularly in the 
expressionour mutual friend,  which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel.Critics have often objected to this use,but it is well established in 
reputable writing.However,mutual  in this latter sense is reserved to describe relations that hold between two or more specific parties and a third person or thing. It cannot be used as a 
substitute forcommon  in the sense general:  
Mutual ر߻߸֮໥ϵ һЩbetween  each other ı͡ ໥ĵ ˼ΪǱ˴֮ĵ⡱
ߡ֮ĵ⡱ ໥Լ ΪһͬһзԼ Mutual Ҳ㷺ʾͬġ 鰸˫Ҫ  
ڶǹͬѣ  ڲҸ˹ΪһС˵֮ǰѾ㷺Ӧáۼһֱ÷ڹ淶дѱȫȷˡ
mutual ˼߸ضԪؼ͵֮Ĺϵ Ϊձġʱܴcommon 塱ĺ壺  
English is the common (not mutual ) language of the island. 
Ӣǡ mutual  ͨ 
It is commonly (not mutually ) believed that Spanish is an easier language than French.  
 mutually  һֱȷ򵥵  

= =
my
my
AHD:[mo] 
D.J.[ma!]
K.K.[ma!]
adj.ݴʣ
 Iиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ҵģһǰΪδʣ
my boots; my accomplishments.
ҵѥӣҵ
Used preceding various forms of polite, affectionate, or familiar address:
ڸò׽ıʽ֮ǰ
My friend, you are so right.
ҵѣ˵ȷ
Used in various interjectional phrases:
ڸָ̾
My word! My goodness!
ҵ죡ҵϵۣ
interj.̾ʣ
Used as an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, or dismay:
ڱʾ桢˻߾㵵ĸ̾ʣ
Oh, my! What a tiring day!
ร۵һ죡
?
Middle English mi 
йӢ mi 
from Old English mon * see  me- 1
Դ Ӣ mon *μ me- 1
?
my
.my
abbr.
 Malaysia [in Internet addresses] 
Malaysia[in Internet addresses] 

= =
myself
my.self
AHD:[mo-slf] 
D.J.[ma!6self]
K.K.[ma!6sWlf]
pron.ʣ
That one identical with me.
Լ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or as the object of a preposition:
ʣʱ򶯴ʵֱӻӱ
I bought myself a new car.
ΪԼһ³
Used for emphasis:
ǿ
I myself was certain of the facts.
Լʵȷ
Used in an absolute construction:
ڴľ䷨ϵ
In office myself, I helped her get a job.
ҰԼİ칫һݹ
My normal or healthy condition or state:
ҵ򽡿״
I'm feeling myself again.
ָֻ˽
?
Middle English mi-self 
йӢ mi-self 
from Old English m?? selfne} 
Դ Ӣ m?? selfne} 
m?} [me] * see  me- 1
m?} [ң] *μ me- 1
selfum, selfne [dative and accusative of] self * see  self 
selfum, selfne  [] selfͱ *μ self
?
The reflexive pronouns,such asmyself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself,  and herself,  are often used as emphatic forms:  
ʣmyself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself  herself ǿʽ  
Like yourself, I have no apologies to make. 
ͬԼһҲκεǸ 
The practice is particularly common in compound phrases: 
ڸϴʵǷǳͨģ 
Mrs. Evans or yourself will have to pick them up at the airport. 
˼̫̫㱾˶ȥǡ 
These usages have been common in the writing of reputable authors for several centuries: 
Щ÷ʢƷкձ飺 
Let me say to you and to myself in one breath, Cultivate the tree which you have found to bear fruit in your soil (Henry David Thoreau).
һҲԼ˵ɹ﷢չԼ άޣ
The strongest criticism that can be made of these uses of reflexives is that like other emphatic devices they may easily be overused,and when the pronoun refers to the writer or 
speaker,the result of the emphasis may be an implication of pomposity or self-importance.
Щ÷ȱݾǿôһױʹãָ߻˵ʱǿĽǰԴ

= =
mysterious
mys.te.ri.ous
AHD:[m1-st?r?-s] 
D.J.[m!6st!*ri8*s]
K.K.[m!6st!ri*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being a mystery:
صģصġйصĻصģ
 mysterious and infinite truths.
زɽ
Simultaneously arousing wonder and inquisitiveness, and eluding explanation or comprehension:
˼ģģͬʱͺģԽͻ޷ģ
a mysterious visitor; mysterious conduct.
ض˻ɵİݷߣ˼ָ
?
French mystrieux 
 mystrieux 
from mystre [secret] 
Դ mystre [] 
from Latin myst?m * see  mystery 1
Դ  myst?m *μ mystery1
?
mysteriously
adv.ʣ
mysteriousness
n.ʣ
?
mysterious,esoteric,arcane,occult,inscrutable
These adjectives mean beyond human power to explain or understand. Something
ЩݴΪԽȥ͵ġ
 mysterious  arouses wonder and inquisitiveness and at the same time eludes explanation or comprehension: 
 mysterious  ͺͬʱ͵ģ 
a mysterious noise;
ص
mysterious symbols.
صķţ
The sea lies all about us. . . . In its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life (Rachel Carson).What isesoteric  is mysterious because it is known and understood 
by only a small, select group, as by a circle of initiates or the members of a profession: 
ǵΧصĹȥһֱİ桱 жɭesoteric ָΪֻһСȺ⣬ ˵Ȧӻĳһְ
ҵĳԱ 
a compilation of esoteric philosophical theories.
صѧ顣
Arcane  applies to what is hidden from the knowledge of all but those having the key to a secret: 
Arcane  ָ֪ʶĶǶд𰸵ģ 
the arcane science of dowsing.
ռѧ
Occult  suggests knowledge reputedly gained only by secret, magical, or supernatural means: 
Occult  ָֻͨܡȻֶβܻõ֪ʶ 
occult powers;

the occult sciences. Something that isinscrutable  cannot be fathomed by means of investigation or scrutiny:  
ؿѧ inscrutable ʾͨ۲춼޷׵  
an inscrutable smile.
׽΢Ц
 It is not for me to attempt to fathom the inscrutable workings of Providence (Earl of Birkenhead).
Ҳϵع ˺ڵеĶ

= =
mystery
mystery 1
AHD:[m1st-r?] 
D.J.[6m!st*ri8]
K.K.[6m!st*ri]
n.ʣ
 mys.ter.ies 
Something that is not fully understood or that baffles or eludes the understanding; an enigma:
ܣգܱȫѻ
How he got in is a mystery. Even after all the testimonies, the murder remained a mystery.
ȥһաʹе֤ʣıɱȻһ
A mysterious character or quality:
أصʻԣ
a landscape with mystery and charm.
ض˵ķ羰
A work of fiction, drama, or film dealing with a puzzling crime.
С˵磺Īйص鹹С˵ϷӰƷ
Often mysteries The skills, lore, or practices that are peculiar to a particular activity or group and are regarded as the special province of initiates:
  mysteries ؼؾĳһеļܡǻۻ飬ϵ۵ⴴ죺
the mysteries of Freemasonry; the mysteries of cooking game.
ûطҵؾ
Theology A religious truth that is incomprehensible to the reason and knowable only through divine revelation.
ѧ ڽ̵ģ壺вԭֻͨʾʶڽ
An incident from the life of Jesus, especially the Incarnation, Passion, Crucifixion, or Resurrection, of particular importance for redemption.
񼣣Үе¼ָѡܶʮּܻ򸴻غҪ
Roman Catholic Church One of the 15 incidents from the lives of Jesus or the Blessed Virgin Mary, such as the Annunciation or the Ascension, serving as the subject of meditation 
during recitation of the rosary.
̡ 񼣣Үջʥĸʮ֮һʥĸ챨ڻҮڣΪĬ
One of the Christian sacraments, especially the Eucharist.
ʥ񣺻̵ʥ֮һָʥ
mysteries The consecrated elements of the Eucharist.
 mysteries ʥ壺ʥбΪʥĳɷ
A religious cult practicing secret rites to which only initiates are admitted.
ܵڽݣֻбʼſԾеܵڽ
A secret rite of such a cult.
ܵʽݵʽ
?
Middle English misterie 
йӢ misterie 
from Latin myst?m 
Դ  myst?m 
from Greek must?n [secret rite] 
Դ ϣ must?n [ʽ] 
from must?s [an initiate] 
Դ must?s [ʼ] 
from muein [to close the eyes, initiate] 
Դ muein [ۣʼ] 
?
mystery
mystery 2
AHD:[m1st-r?] 
D.J.[6m!st*ri8]
K.K.[6m!st*ri]
n.ʣ
 mys.ter.ies 
Archaic A trade or an occupation.
 ó׻ְҵ
Archaic A guild, as of merchants or artisans.
 л᣺лᣬ˻򹤽л
A mystery play.
ؾ
?
Middle English misterie [service, craft] 
йӢ misterie [] 
from Medieval Latin misterium [craft-guild] 
Դ  misterium [ֹл] 
from Late Latin 
Դ  
alteration of Latin ministerium [occupation] 
  ministeriumı仯 [ְҵ] 
from minister [assistant, servant] * see  mei- 2
Դ minister [֣] *μ mei- 2

= =
myth
myth
AHD:[m1th] 
D.J.[m!G]
K.K.[m!G]
n.ʣ
A traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the world view of a people, as by explaining aspects of 
the natural world or delineating the psychology, customs, or ideals of society:
񻰣񻰹£һִͳġͨǹŴĹ£漰гȻ顢ȻΪĿҪ͵ӢͨȻķд׻
˼룺
the myth of Eros and Psyche; a creation myth.
˹񻰣񻰴
Such stories considered as a group:
񻰣ΪһȺЩ£
the realm of myth.

A story, a theme, an object, or a character regarded as embodying an aspect of a culture:
ʽΪĻĳһĹ¡
a star whose fame turned her into a myth; the pioneer myth of suburbia.
ǵʹأػߵĴ
A fiction or half-truth, especially one that forms part of an ideology.
鹹ʵ鹹ʵָγɲʶ̬
A fictitious story, person, or thing:
˵鹹ˣ鹹С˵˻飺
German artillery superiority on the Western Front was a myth(Leon Wolff)
սϣ¾Ĵڵƴ鹹(ֶ)
?
New Latin mts 
ִ mts 
from Late Latin mts 
Դ  mts 
from Greek muthos 
Դ ϣ muthos 

= =
nail
nail
AHD:[n3l] 
D.J.[ne!l]
K.K.[nel]
n.ʣ
A slim, pointed piece of metal hammered into material as a fastener.
ӣͼһϸļͷШĳͼ
A fingernail or toenail.
ָףֺ
A claw or talon.
צצ״
Something resembling a nail in shape, sharpness, or use.
״״ȻӦָ׵Ķ
A measure of length formerly used for cloth, equal to !/16 yard (5.7 cm).
ɶǰĵλʮ֮һ(5.7ף
v.tr.ﶯʣ
nailed,nail.ing,nails 
To fasten, join, or attach with or as if with a nail.
Σöӻһ̶
To cover, enclose, or shut by fastening with nails:
öӹ̶ͨöӹ̶ǡΧжϣ
nail up a window.
һȴ
To keep fixed, motionless, or intent:
ʹ̶ʹã̶ֹġޱĻרעģ
Fear nailed me to my seat.
־ʹڵ϶
Slang 
ٵ 
To stop and seize; catch:
ץסֹץסץס
Police nailed the suspect.
ץסɷ
To detect and expose:
¶
nailed the senator in a lie; nail corruption before it gets out of control.
¶ԺԱĻԣʧȥǰ¶
Slang 
ٵ 
To strike or bring down, especially with something shot or hurled:
򣺴ָǹͶ
nail a bird in flight.
¿еķ
To gain thorough understanding of; master:
˽⣻գ
a brilliant student who nailed all her courses in thermodynamics.
ѧȫγ̵ѧ
Baseball To put out (a base runner).
 ɱԱ
?
nail down
To discover or establish conclusively:
ȷؾ
nailed down the story by checking all the facts.
ͨеʵµĽ
To win:
Ӯã
nailed down another victory in the golf tournament.
Ӯһ߶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n?gl [fingernail, toenail] * see  nogh- 
Դ Ӣ n?gl [ָףֺ] *μ nogh- 
?
nailer
n.ʣ

= =
naive
naive  na.?ve
AHD:[n?-?v]  Ҳ na.if   na.?f [n?-?f] 
D.J.[n$86i8v] Ҳ na.if   na.?f [n$86i8f]
K.K.[n$6iv] Ҳ na.if   na.?f [n$6if]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless.
ȱʵģȻ
Simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous.
ģͬӰ򵥺ŵģ
Lacking critical ability or analytical insight; not subtle or learned:
ɵģȱ۹ģеĻûоģ
this extravagance of metaphors, with its naive bombast(H.L. Mencken)
ЩĿţĸߵ(H.L.)
Not previously subjected to experiments:
δʵģǰδʵģ
testing naive mice.
δ
Not having previously taken or received a particular drug:
δùģǰδùرҩ
persons naive to marijuana.
ûù
n.ʣ
One who is artless, credulous, or uncritical.
ˣŵˣ
?
French na?ve [feminine of] na?f 
 na?ve  [] na?fԴ 
from Old French [natural, native] 
Դ ŷ [Ȼģ] 
from Latin n3ovus} [native, rustic] 
Դ  n3ovus} [ģ׵] 
from n3s [past participle of] n3sco [to be born] * see  gen- 
Դ n3s  [] n3scoĹȥִ [] *μ gen- 
?
naively
adv.ʣ
naiveness
n.ʣ
?
naive,simple,ingenuous,unsophisticated,natural,unaffected,guileless,artless
These adjectives mean free from guile, cunning, or sham.
Щݴʶвթƻα˼
 Naive  suggests the simplicity of nature;it sometimes connotes a credulitythat impedes effective functioning in a practical world: 
 Naive  ڱʾԵĵʱŵ˼ʵʱ谭ЧĹ 
this naive simple creature, with his straightforward and friendly eyes so eager to believe appearances (Arnold Bennett).
Сһֱ۾ű ŵ¡أ
 Simple  stresses absence of complexity, artifice, pretentiousness, or dissimulation;it may imply a favorable quality, such as openness of character, or an unfavorable one, such as 
lack of good sense: 
 Simple  ǿӡΡαװΣҲԺкõƷʣԸʣ򲻺õƷʣȱõļ 
Those of highest worth and breeding are most simple in manner and attire (Francis Parkman). 
ЩͽڴžֹΪȻ ˹ 
He was one of those simple men that love and sympathize with children (W.H. Hudson). 
Ըʵ֮һͬ麢ӡ (WH 
Among simple people she had the reputation of being a prodigy of information (Harriet Beecher Stowe).
ͨ˵УϢͨ ءȳ˹У
 Ingenuous  denotes childlike directness, simplicity, and innocence;it connotes an inability to mask one's feelings: 
 Ingenuous  ںӰֱʡ棻ʾȱԼе 
an ingenuous admission of responsibility.
̹ϵس
Unsophisticated  indicates absence of worldly wisdom: 
Unsophisticated  ǿʣ 
The sights of Paris bowled over the unsophisticated tourists.
辰ɫòʵǴһ
Natural  stresses spontaneity that is the result of freedom from self-consciousness or inhibitions: 
Natural  ǿûʶƶȻ 
When Kavanagh was present, Alice was happy, but embarrassed; Cecelia, joyous and natural (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).
ɳʱ˹ܸ˵е㾽ȣֶȻ ˹ʷޣ
 Unaffected   implies sincerity and lack of affectation: 
 Unaffected  ָ϶ 
With men he can be rational and unaffected, but when he has ladies to please, every feature works (Jane Austen).
 һ൱ϺǣҪСǻʱἫ֮¡ 򡤰˹͡
 Guileless   signifies absence of insidious or treacherous cunning: 
 Guileless  ǿûթգ 
a harmless, honest, guileless creature;
޺ġʵġ̹ʵСһ
a guileless, disarming look.
ϵĻһƳ
Artless   stresses absence of plan or purpose, as to mislead,and suggests a lack of concern for or awareness of the reaction produced in others: 
Artless  ǿ޼ƻĿģ󵼣жԱ˵ķӦȱĻʶ˼ 
a woman of artless grace and simple goodness. 
Į¶ִŮ 

= =
naked
na.ked
AHD:[n3k1d] 
D.J.[6ne!k!d]
K.K.[6nek!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no clothing on the body; nude.
ģû·ڸģ
Having no covering, especially the usual one:
޸ǵģ޿ǵģֵģָõĶ
a naked sword.
ʵĽ
Devoid of vegetation, trees, or foliage:
ҶģͺģȱֲľҶӵģ
the naked ground; naked tree limbs.
ͺͺĵذ壻ͺͺ֦
Being without addition, concealment, disguise, or embellishment:
εģûиӡءƭαװģ
the naked facts; naked ambition.
װ׵ʵԵҰ
Devoid of a specified quality, characteristic, or element:
ʵģȱرʡصصģ
a look that was naked of all pretense.
κνε
Exposed to harm; vulnerable:
¶ģģ˺ı¶ģģ
naked to mine enemies(Shakespeare)
ҵĵǰ¶㡱(ɯʿ)
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Not encased in ovaries:
ûаӷģ
naked seeds.

Unprotected by scales:
ûаģ
naked buds.
аѿ
Lacking a perianth:
ȱٻģ
naked flowers.
޻
Without leaves or pubescence:
ûҶӻëģ
naked stalks.
Ҷ
Zoology Lacking outer covering such as scales, fur, feathers, or a shell.
ѧ ⲿڸǵģȱⲿۡƤë
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English nacod * see  nog w- 
Դ Ӣ nacod *μ nog w- 
?
nakedly
adv.ʣ
nakedness
n.ʣ

= =
name
name
AHD:[n3m] 
D.J.[ne!m]
K.K.[nem]
n.ʣ
A word or words by which an entity is designated and distinguished from others:
֣ʶ˵Ĵڵһʻһʣ
some of the most famous names of the 20th century.
20͵һЩ
A word or group of words used to describe or evaluate, often disparagingly.
ٰͨһʻһ
Representation or repute, as opposed to reality:
壬ʵ෴ģ
a democracy in name, a police state in fact.
ΪңʵΪܾ
General reputation:

a bad name.

A distinguished reputation; renown.
׿Խ
An illustrious or outstanding person:
ˣĻܳˣ
some of the most famous names of the 20th century.
һЩ20
v.tr.ﶯʣ
named,nam.ing,names 
To give a name to:
֣
named the child after both grandparents.
Ժ游ĸָȡ
To mention, specify, or cite by name:
о٣ָᵽָٻ
named the primary colors.
˵ԭɫ
To call by an epithet:
ôºųƺ
named them all cowards.
Ϊų
To nominate for or appoint to a duty, an office, or an honor.
ָɵĳһְλְ
To specify or fix:
̶ָ
We need to name the time for our meeting.
Ҫȷǻʱ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Well-known by a name:
ģֵģ
a name performer.
ıݼ
?
in the name of
By the authority of:
ɡȨָ
Open up in the name of the law!
ɹ涨ʼ
to (one's) name
Belonging to one:
ĳ˵ģ
I don't have a hat to my name.
ûкʵְλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English nama * see  n-men- 
Դ Ӣ nama *μ n-men- 
?
namable  
nameable
adj.ݴʣ
namer
n.ʣ
?
name,designation,denomination,title,appellation,cognomen
These nouns all denote the word or words by which someone or something is called and identified.
Щʶָƺȷĳ˻ĳһʻʡ
 Name  is the general term: 
 Name  ΪձĴʣ 
I can't recall the child's name.
ҼǲС֡
What is friendship but a name? (Oliver Goldsmith).Adesignation  is a name given principally to classify according to distinguishing characteristics:  
껹ʲô? ߮ʷ˹Designation  ԭԲͬصȷʾ  
During the Depression a shantytown was known by the designation Hooverville.
ʱڣƶԡ塱
Denomination,  also a categorizing term,is applied especially to classes of persons or things: 
Denomination  Ҳָ˻µķࣺ 
pickpockets, formerly known by the denomination cutpurse.
֣ǰcutpurse
Title,  applied to people, indicates rank or positionand generally connotes distinction and respect ( 
Title  ˣָͷλְλͨԺպ֮( 
a prince who renounced his title when he became an American citizen); applied to entities such as literary or musical forms,it is a distinguishing name ( 
Ϊʱͷ) ʵ壬ѧʽǱʾ( 
looking for a colorful and evocative title for the book). Anappellation is a name other than a proper name that describes or characterizes and that gains currency primarily through use:  
ΪⱾһɫʲߺ) Appellation Ҫָͨʹ׬ȡֽ֣ͨʵ  
hasn't yet earned the appellation of expert.
δרҵ
Cognomen  is frequently used as the equivalent of a first name or a surname or often a nickname: 
Cognomen  ͨһ֡ջºŵ 
Rufus, an unusual cognomen;
³˹ǲգ
a king renowned under the cognomen the Just. See also Synonyms at  appoint ,celebrity 
ԡߡ μͬ appoint,celebrity

= =
namely
name.ly
AHD:[n3ml?] 
D.J.[6ne!mli8]
K.K.[6nemli]
adv.ʣ
That is to say; specifically.
Ǿ˵ȷ

= =
nap
nap 1
AHD:[n2p] 
D.J.[n#p]
K.K.[n#p]
n.ʣ
A brief sleep, often during the day.
С˯С˯ָڰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
napped,nap.ping,naps 
To sleep for a brief period, often during the day; doze.
С˯˯С˯ͨڰ˯
To be unaware of imminent danger or trouble.
񣺴ûʶƽΣջ鷳֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from nappen [to doze] 
Դ nappen [] 
from Old English hnappian 
Դ Ӣ hnappian 
?
The famous verse 4 in Psalm 121,rendered in the King James Version as Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep,is rendered in a Middle English translation 
as Loo, ha shal not nappen ne slepen that kepeth ireal.The wordnappen  is indeed the Middle English ancestor of our wordnap.  Lest it be thought undignified to say that God could 
nap,it must be realized that our wordnap  was at one time not associated only with the younger and older members of society nor simply with short periods of rest.The ancestors of our 
word,Old Englishhnappian  and its descendant, Middle Englishnappen,  could both refer to prolonged periods of sleep as well as short ones and also, as in the quotation from Psalm 
121, to sleepiness.But these senses have been lost.Since the word has become less dignified,we would not findnap  used in a translation of Psalm 121 any longer. 
ʥʫƪ121ĵĽڣնʥ뱾мΪɣɫе˼Ȳ˯ҲܴӢбΪLoo , ha shal not nappen ne slepen that 
kepeth irealnappen Ӣоʹڣ ǵnap ǰ ǲ𾴵ΪϵҲܴǱʶnap ĳЩʱֻе˺
أ ȻҲָݵϢʵǰӢhnappian ʣ Ӣеnappen ܱʾӳʱ˯߼ݵ˯ߣ ͬʥʫƪ121
еʾС˯Щ˼ѾʧˡΪ𽥱òʥ޷ҵnap ʥʫƪ121ķе˼ 
?
nap
nap 2
AHD:[n2p] 
D.J.[n#p]
K.K.[n#p]
n.ʣ
A soft or fuzzy surface on fabric or leather.
ë֯Ƥϵë״ı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
napped,nap.ping,naps 
To form or raise a soft or fuzzy surface on (fabric or leather).
ʹëʹڣ֯Ƥϣγɻ¡ë״ı
?
Alteration  perhaps influenced by obsolete French nape [tablecloth] 
   ѷϷ napeӰ [] 
of Middle English noppe 
 йӢ noppeı仯 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
nap
nap 3
AHD:[n2p] 
D.J.[n#p]
K.K.[n#p]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
napped,nap.ping,naps 
To pour or put a sauce or gravy over (a cooked dish):
֭õĲˣϵϻζ֭
a stuffed veal chop napped with an elegant Port sauce(Jay Jacobs)
ţƬϽζ֭(ܡŸ˹)
?
French napper 
 napper 
from nappe [cover] * see  nappe 
Դ nappe [] *μ nappe
?
nap
nap 4
AHD:[n2p] 
D.J.[n#p]
K.K.[n#p]
n.ʣ
Games 
Ϸ 
A card game that resembles whist.
Ϸƻ˹صһϷ
The highest bid in this game, announcing the intention to win five tricks, the maximum number in a hand.Also called  napoleon 
עһϷ߽ƣҪӮȦƣÿƵҲ  napoleon
See  napoleon 
μ  napoleon 
?
Short for napoleon 
 napoleonļд

= =
narrative
nar.ra.tive
AHD:[n2r-t1v] 
D.J.[6n#r*t!v]
K.K.[6n#r*t!v]
n.ʣ
A narrated account; a story.
ĳ£
The art, technique, or process of narrating.
壺ɻ
Computer Science A comment.
ѧ ע
adj.ݴʣ
Consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story:
ʵģ
narrative poetry.
ʫ
Of or relating to narration:
ڻģ
narrative skill.

?
narratively
adv.ʣ

= =
narrow
nar.row
AHD:[n2r?] 
D.J.[6n#r*&]
K.K.[6n#ro]
adj.ݴʣ
nar.row.er,nar.row.est 
Of small or limited width, especially in comparison with length.
խģС޵ģָ볤
Limited in area or scope; cramped.
СģƵģΧ޵ģ
Lacking flexibility; rigid:
ȱԵģ̰ģ
narrow opinions.
̰Ĺ
Barely sufficient; close:
ģӽģ
a narrow margin of victory.
ʤ
Painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous:
ϸģȷģȫСĵģϸģעϸڵģ
narrow scrutiny.
ϸ۲
Linguistics Tense.
ѧ ʱ̬
v.ʣ
nar.rowed,nar.row.ing,nar.rows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce in width or extent; make narrower.
ʹխڿȻΧСʹխ
To limit or restrict:
ƣ޶
narrowed the possibilities down to three.
ѿԼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become narrower; contract.
øխ
n.ʣ
A part of little width, as a pass through mountains.
··խ֣紩ɽС
narrows (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
 narrows 뵥ã
A body of water with little width that connects two larger bodies of water.
Ͽˮխˮ
A part of a river or an ocean current that is not wide.
խˮһֻıխ
?
Middle English narwe 
йӢ narwe 
from Old English nearu 
Դ Ӣ nearu 
?
narrowish
adj.ݴʣ
narrowly
adv.ʣ
narrowness
n.ʣ

= =
nasty
nas.ty
AHD:[n2st?] 
D.J.[6n#sti8]
K.K.[6n#sti]
adj.ݴʣ
nas.ti.er,nas.ti.est 
Disgustingly dirty.
 ģŻ
Physically repellent.
ŵģϵ
Morally offensive; indecent.See Synonyms at offensive 
 ģģӦǴģĲμ offensive
Malicious; spiteful:
ģɵģ
Will he say nasty things at my funeral?(Ezra Pound)
Ҫҵ˵һЩ˵Ļ?(ӵ)
Very unpleasant or annoying:
ʹ˲; ˵ģǳʹ˲ʹģ
nasty weather; a nasty trick.See Synonyms at dirty 
˲ĹƲμ dirty
Painful or dangerous; grave:
صģʹĻΣյģص
a nasty accident.
һص¹
Exasperatingly difficult to solve or handle:
 Ѵģ⣬ģ
a nasty puzzle; a nasty problem.
ԽţԽ
n.ʣ
 nas.ties 
One that is nasty:
ļһ
It is the business of museums to present us with nasties as well as with fine things(Country Life)
ݵְչʾһЩõĶͬʱҲлĶ()
?
Middle English nasti 
йӢ nasti 
possibly alteration of Old French nastre [bad] 
Ϊ ŷ nastreı仯 [] 
short for villenastre 
 villenastreļд 
vilein [bad] * see  villain 
vilein [] *μ villain
-astre [pejorative suff.]  from Latin -aster 
-astre [ӵĸ]  Դ  -aster 
?
nastily
adv.ʣ
nastiness
n.ʣ

= =
nation
na.tion
AHD:[n3shn] 
D.J.[6ne!.*n]
K.K.[6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
A relatively large group of people organized under a single, usually independent government; a country.
ң൱ģһͨǶ쵼֯һ
The government of a sovereign state.
Ȩҵ
A people who share common customs, origins, history, and frequently language; a nationality:
壺һйͬķףԴʷʹԵ壻һ壺
Historically the Ukrainians are an ancient nation which has persisted and survived through terrible calamity(Robert Conquest)
ʷ˵ڿһӿµͱĹϵ塱(޲ء˹)
A federation or tribe, especially one composed of Native Americans.
ˣˣӡڰɵ
The territory occupied by such a federation or tribe.
Ĳռݵ
?
Middle English nacioun 
йӢ nacioun 
from Old French nation 
Դ ŷ nation 
from Latin n3?}  n3ti?n- 
Դ  n3?}  n3ti?n- 
from n3s [past participle of] n3sco [to be born] * see  gen- 
Դ n3s  [] n3scoĹȥִ [] *μ gen- 
?
nationhood
n.ʣ
nationless
adj.ݴʣ
?
Nation
Na.tion
AHD:[n3shn] Carry Amelia Moore (1846-1911) 
D.J.[6ne!.*n]
K.K.[6ne.*n]
NONE޴ԣ
American temperance crusader who conducted a series of raids on saloons, in which she would break bottles of liquor and destroy barroom furniture with a hatchet.
С¶(1846-1911) ˶ߣ쵼˶ԾưɵһϵϮǶƿһ̱СٻưɼļҾ

= =
national
na.tion.al
AHD:[n2sh-nl, n2shnl] 
D.J.[6n#.*n*l, 6n#.n*l]
K.K.[6n#.*n*l, 6n#.n*l]
adj.Abbr. nat.,natl.ݴʣд nat.,natl.
Of, relating to, or belonging to a nation as an organized whole:
 ȫԵģΪһ֯ڻĳһҵģ
a national anthem.

Of or relating to nationality:
ģڻģ
their national origin.
ǵԴ
Characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation:
 ҵģ־һضҵģ
a national trait.

Of or maintained by the government of a nation:
 еģڹģ
a national landmark.
ҵر־
Being in the interest of one's own nation:
Լģ
Isolationism is a strictly national policy.
һϸĹ
Devoted to one's own nation or its interests; patriotic.
ģԼĹҼģ
n.ʣ
A citizen of a particular nation.See Synonyms at citizen 
ضҵĹμ citizen
Often nationals Sports Games A contest or tournament involving participants from all parts of a nation.
  nationals ˶ Ϸ ȫԱȫĲߵľ
?
nationally
adv.ʣ

= =
nationality
na.tion.al.i.ty
AHD:[n2sh-n2l1-t?, n2sh-n2l-] 
D.J.[7n#.*6n#l!ti8, n#.6n#l-]
K.K.[7n#.*6n#l!ti, n#.6n#l-]
n.ʣ
 na.tion.al.i.ties 
The status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth, or naturalization.
Դĳһضҵ״̬
A people having common origins or traditions and often constituting a nation.
壺һӵйͬԴʹͳ壬ͨһ
Existence as a politically autonomous entity; national independence.
λΪһڣ
National character.

Nationalism.


= =
native
na.tive
AHD:[n3t1v] 
D.J.[6ne!t!v]
K.K.[6net!v]
adj.Abbr. nat.ݴʣд nat.
Existing in or belonging to one by nature; innate:
ģ츳ģȻĴڵĻĳ˵ģģ
native ability.

Being such by birth or origin:
ģԷԴģģ
a native Scot.
ո
Being one's own because of the place or circumstances of one's birth:
صģĳһضص򻷾ĳ˵ģ
our native land.
ǵĹ
Originating, growing, or produced in a certain place or region; indigenous:
ԭģеģһضصԴģԭģ
a plant native to Asia.
ԭֲ
Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the original inhabitants of a particular place.
ģԭסģڣڣΪ͵ĳһĵصľ
Occurring in nature pure or uncombined with other substances:
ȻģģȻģδԪϵģ
native copper.
Ȼͭ
Natural; unaffected:
ȻģȻģģ
native beauty.
Ȼ
Archaic Closely related, as by birth or race.
 ѪԴģϵģ
n.Abbr. nat.ʣд nat.
One born in or connected with a place by birth:
ˣĳģ
a native of Scotland now living in the United States.
־סո
One of the original inhabitants or lifelong residents of a place.
ˣһطԭʼھסеһλ
An animal or a plant that originated in a particular place or region.
زĶֲĳһضطԴĶֲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French natif 
Դ ŷ natif 
from Latin n3ovus} 
Դ  n3ovus} 
from n3s [past participle of] n3sco [to be born] * see  gen- 
Դ n3s  [] n3scoĹȥִ [] *μ gen- 
?
natively
adv.ʣ
nativeness
n.ʣ
?
native,indigenous,endemic,autochthonous,aboriginal
These adjectives mean of, belonging to, or connected with a specific place or country by virtue of birth or origin.
ЩݴΪԴζţڣһضص͹Ͻġ
 Native   implies birth or origin in the specified place: 
 Native  ڳԴһضĵص㣺 
a native Frenchman;
ķˣ
the native North American sugar maple.
ڱ޵Ƿ㡣
Indigenous   specifies that something or someone is nativerather than coming or being brought in from elsewhere: 
Indigenous  ָĳĳ˲бصҴδӱ 
The tomato is indigenous to South America.
̲ԭģ
The Ainu are indigenous to the northernmost islands of Japan. Somethingendemic  is prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality or people:  
Ŭձıˡ Endemic  Ƕĳһضصصĺģ  
Food shortages and starvation are endemic in certain parts of the world.
ʳȱͼĳЩ
Autochthonous  applies to what arises in the locality where it is foundand has not been exposed to or has resisted change from outside sources: 
Autochthonous  ڷֵģδ¶ߵԴı仯 
Bartk collected autochthonous folk melodies and used them in his compositions.
п˲ɼصɲԼĴС
Aboriginal  describes what has existed from the beginning;it is often applied to the earliest known inhabitants of a place: 
Aboriginal  һʼʹڵģھסĳһ緢ֵԭʼˣ 
aboriginal chiefs;
ԭʼ죻
the aboriginal population;
ԭʼ˿ڣ
aboriginal nature. See also Synonyms at  crude 
ԭʼ˵ μͬ crude

= =
natural
nat.u.ral
AHD:[n2chr-l, n2chrl] 
D.J.[6n#t.*r*l, 6n#t.r*l]
K.K.[6n#t.*r*l, 6n#t.r*l]
adj.Abbr. nat.ݴʣд nat.
Present in or produced by nature:
ȻģڻȻģ
a natural pearl.
Ȼ
Of, relating to, or concerning nature:
Ȼģڡڻ漰Ȼģ
a natural environment.
Ȼ
Conforming to the usual or ordinary course of nature:
ϺȻɵģȻĻձĹɷģ
a natural death.
Ȼ
Not acquired; inherent:
Ǻģģ
Love of power is natural to some people.
ЩȰȨ
Having a particular character by nature:
ģȻĳضʵģ
a natural leader.See Synonyms at normal 
μ normal
Biology Not produced or changed artificially; not conditioned:
ѧ Ȼ״̬ģ˹ģûΪıģԼģ
natural immunity; a natural reflex.
ȻߣȻ
Characterized by spontaneity and freedom from artificiality, affectation, or inhibitions.See Synonyms at naive 
ģȻ˹ġĺͲĲμ naive
Not altered, treated, or disguised:
ȻģδĶġδĻδαװģ
natural coloring; natural produce.
ȻɫȻƷ
Faithfully representing nature or life.
ʵֵģʵطӳȻ
Expected and accepted:
ϣģܵģ
In Willie's mind marriage remained the natural and logical sequence to love(Duff Cooper)
УǰȻĺ߼(򡤿)
Established by moral certainty or conviction:
ģɼǱȻĿԺȷȷģ
natural rights.
Ȩ
Being in a state regarded as primitive, uncivilized, or unregenerate.
δѵģδģԭʼġδĻδһ״̬
Related by blood:
Ѫͳصģ
the natural parents of the child.
ӵĸ
Born of unwed parents; illegitimate:
˽ģδĸĸģ˽ģ
a natural child.
˽
Mathematics Of or relating to positive integers.
ѧ ȻģڻȻйص
Music 
֡ 
Not sharped or flatted.
ûиģûн
Having no sharps or flats.
λģûиͽ
n.ʣ
One having all the qualifications necessary for success:
ѡ߱ɹһʸˣ
You are a natural for this job.
ѡ
One suited by nature for a certain purpose or function:
츳ʺĳһضĿĻܵˣ
She is a natural at mathematics.
ѧ츳
Music 
֡ 
The sign (_) placed before a note to cancel a preceding sharp or flat.
λţǰһǺ(_)ǰĸ򽵰
A note so affected.
λɴ˶
Color A yellowish gray to pale orange yellow.
ɫʡ ɫǳƺɫһֻƻɫۻɫ
Games A combination in certain card and dice games that wins immediately.
Ϸ ϷֽƺӶĲĽϣԿپʤ
An Afro hairstyle.
޷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin n3?r3lis} 
Դ  n3?r3lis} 
from n3?ra} [nature] * see  nature 
Դ n3?ra} [Ȼ] *μ nature
?
naturalness
n.ʣ

= =
naturally
nat.u.ral.ly
AHD:[n2chr--l?, n2chr-] 
D.J.[6n#t.*r*li8, 6n#t.r*-]
K.K.[6n#t.*r*li, 6n#t.r*-]
adv.ʣ
In a natural manner.
ȻأȻطʽ
By nature; inherently.
Ȼأ
Without a doubt; surely.
ɵģȻ

= =
nature
na.ture
AHD:[n3chr] 
D.J.[6ne!t.*]
K.K.[6net.+]
n.ʣ
The material world and its phenomena.
ʽ磺缰
The forces and processes that produce and control all the phenomena of the material world:
ȻͿͽ̣
the laws of nature.
Ȼ
The world of living things and the outdoors:
磺磺
the beauties of nature.
Ȼ
A primitive state of existence, untouched and uninfluenced by civilization or artificiality:
Ȼ̬ڵԭʼ״̬ûбĻΪӴӰģ
couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature.
ܳȻ
Theology Humankind's natural state as distinguished from the state of grace.
ѧ ԭʼ״̬ŵ״̬бȻ״̬
A kind or sort:
ࣺͣ
confidences of a personal nature.See Synonyms at type 
ڵŲμ type
The essential characteristics and qualities of a person or thing:
ԣ˻ԸƷʣ
She was only strong and sweet and in her nature when she was really deep in trouble(Gertrude Stein)
ǿʹ棬ʵȴա(³¡˹̹)
The fundamental character or disposition of a person; temperament:
ƢԸ˵ıԸ飺
Strange natures made a brotherhood of ill(Percy Bysshe Shelley)
ϲŭ޳鵼ӡ(ϣѩ)
The natural or real aspect of a person, place, or thing.See Synonyms at disposition 
ԣˡطµȻʵһμ disposition
The processes and functions of the body.

?
Middle English [essential properties of a thing] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin n3?ra} 
Դ  n3?ra} 
from n3s [past participle of] n3sco [to be born] * see  gen- 
Դ n3s  [] n3scoĹȥִ [] *μ gen- 

= =
naughty
naugh.ty
AHD:[n?t?] 
D.J.[6n%8ti8]
K.K.[6n%ti]
adj.ݴʣ
naugh.ti.er,naugh.ti.est 
Behaving disobediently or mischievously:
ģƤģ
a naughty child.
Ƥĺ
Indecent; improper:
׵ģʵģ
a naughty wink.
ʵգ
Archaic Wicked; immoral.
 аģµ
n.ʣ
 naugh.ties 
One that is naughty.
Ƥ
?
Middle English noughti [wicked] 
йӢ noughti [а] 
from nought [nothing, evil] 
Դ nought [ޣа] 
from Old English n3t [nothing] * see  naught 
Դ Ӣ n3t [] *μ naught
?
naughtily
adv.ʣ
naughtiness
n.ʣ
?
Words have changes in their fortunes over time just as people and institutions do.The wordnaughty  at one time might have been high on one's list as an all-purpose word similar to 
bad  or nice.  During the 16th centuryone could usenaughty  to mean unhealthy, unpleasant, bad (with respect to weather), vicious (of an animal), inferior, or bad in quality (one 
could say very naughtie figes or naughty corrupt water). All of these senses have disappeared, however,andnaughty  is now used mainly in contexts involving mischief or 
indecency. This recalls its early days in Middle English (with the formnoughti ), when the word was restricted to the senses evil, hostile, ineffectual, and needy.Middle 
Englishnoughti,  first recorded in works written in the last quarter of the 14th century, was derived fromnought,  which as a noun had senses such as evil,as a pronoun meant 
nothing,and as an adjective could mean such things as immoral, weak, useless.Nought was descended from Old English n3,  with similar senses,a compound made up ofn3,  
no, and wiht,  thing, being. Thusnaughty,  in a sense, has risen from nothing,but its fortunes have been better than they are at present.
Ǻƶʱı˼naughty һΪ bad  nice ͨôĳ˵ĴʻС 16ͣǿnaughty ָģ
ģģصģаģӵģġǿ˵ǳˡ 򡰲ıȾˮ ȻеЩ嶼ʧˣ
naughty ҪڹϵƤ׵С ʹ˻ӢЩʱʽΪnaughti  ʱ޶Ϊаģģõģƶġ˼
Ӣnoughti ȼ¼д14ͺʮУ nought ģ ΪСа񡱵˼ΪǡûС˼ΪݴΪ
ģģõġNought ǴӹӢ nawiht дģ Ƶ˼na ûС wiht 飬ɵĺϳɴʡ naughty ĳ˵ û
˼ȴڵЩ˼õö

= =
naval
na.val
AHD:[n3vl] 
D.J.[6ne!v*l]
K.K.[6nev*l]
adj.Abbr. nav.ݴʣд nav.
Of or relating to ships or shipping.See Synonyms at nautical 
ģڣڴ˵Ĳμ nautical
Of or relating to a navy.
ģڣں
Having a navy:
оģ
a great naval power.
ΰĺǿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin n33lis} 
Դ  n33lis} 
from n3s [ship] * see  n3u- 
Դ n3s [] *μ n3u- 

= =
navigation
nav.i.ga.tion
AHD:[n2v1-g3shn] 
D.J.[7n#v!6ge!.*n]
K.K.[7n#v!6ge.*n]
n.Abbr. nav.ʣд nav.
The theory and practice of navigating, especially the charting of a course for a ship or an aircraft.
еۻʵǴеĺͼ
Travel or traffic by vessels, especially commercial shipping.
Ͻͨͨҵָҵ
?
navigational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
navy
na.vy
AHD:[n3v?] 
D.J.[6ne!vi8]
K.K.[6nevi]
n.ʣ
 na.vies 
All of a nation's warships.
ӣһӵеȫֻ
Often Navy A nation's entire military organization for sea warfare and defense, including vessels, personnel, and shore establishments.
  Navy һҶԺϾºͷȫֻ֯Աͺ
A group of ships; a fleet.
ӣ
Color Navy blue.
ɫʡ ɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French navie 
Դ ŷ navie 
from Latin n3a [pl. of] n3vigium [ship] 
Դ  n3a  [] n3vigiumĸ [] 
from n33re} [to sail] * see  navigate 
Դ n33re} [] *μ navigate

= =
near
near
AHD:[n?r] 
D.J.[n!*]
K.K.[n!r]
adv.ʣ
near.er,near.est д nr
To, at, or within a short distance or interval in space or time.
ӽأķΧʱͿռļڸΧʱͿռļڸΧڻʱͿռļ
Just about; almost; nearly:
ࣻӽ
was near exhausted from the labor; near dead after the assault.
۵üƣߣϮ󼸺ɥ
With or in a close relationship.
ϵܵ
adj.ݴʣ
nearer,nearest д nr
Close in time, space, position, or degree:
ӽģʱ䡢ռ䡢ص̶Ͻӽ
near equals.
ĶԵ
Closely related by kinship or association; intimate:
еģ׵ģϵϵصģеģ
a near relative; a near and dear friend.See Synonyms at close 
ףϵеĺѲμ close
Nearly occurring but not actually happening:
ģӽģûķڷģ
a near victory; a near disaster.
һͳɹˣһͷ
Just barely avoided:
ǿģײűģ
a near hit by the incendiary bomb.
ȼյϮ
Closely corresponding to or resembling an original:
ƵģǳƵĻӽԭεģ
a near likeness.
ǳ
Closely resembling the genuine article:
ӽƷģ
a dress of near satin; near silver beads.
Ƴе·
Closer of two or more:
Ͻģ߻ߵнϽӽһģ
Take the near street and then turn right.
ŽֵĽȻҹ
Being on the left side of an animal or a vehicle.
ģڶ乤
Being the animal or vehicle on the left.
Ķ乤ߵ
Short and direct:
̵ģֱӵģ
the nearest route to town.
·
Stingy; parsimonious.
ĵģС
prep.ʣ
Close to:
ӽ
an inn near London.
׶صľƹ
v.ʣ
neared,near.ing,nears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come close or closer to.
£ӽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw near or nearer; approach.
ӽ򡭿ӽ
?
Middle English ner 
йӢ ner 
from Old English n?r [from comparative of] n?ah [close, near] * see  n?hw-iz 
Դ Ӣ n?r  [] Դn?ahıȽϼ [ģ] *μ n?hw-iz 
?
nearness
n.ʣ

= =
nearby
near.by
AHD:[n?rbo] 
D.J.[6n!*6ba!]
K.K.[6n!r6ba!]
adj.ݴʣ
Located a short distance away; close at hand.See Synonyms at close 
ڸģλڸģڸĲμ close
adv.ʣ
Not far away.
Զ

= =
nearly
near.ly
AHD:[n?rl?] 
D.J.[6n!*li8]
K.K.[6n!rli]
adv.ʣ
Almost but not quite:
ࣻһ㣺
The coat nearly fits.
²
In a close manner; intimately:
ӽأеأ
a matter nearly affecting our interests.
Ӱ¼

= =
neat
neat 1
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[ni8t]
K.K.[nit]
adj.ݴʣ
neat.er,neat.est 
Orderly and clean; tidy.
ģģģɾ
Orderly and precise in procedure; systematic.
ģĺ;ȷģϵͳ
Marked by ingenuity and skill; adroit:
ģȷأɵģģ
a neat turn of phrase.
ǵת
Not diluted or mixed with other substances:
ģϡ͵ģδϡͻʻϵģ
neat whiskey.
ʿ
Left after all deductions; net:
ģеĹ˺ģģ
neat profit.

Slang Wonderful; terrific:
ٵ õģѵģ
That was a neat party.
һκܺõľۻ
?
Anglo-Norman neit [clear, pure] 
Ӣ neit [ɾ] 
variant of Old French net 
 ŷ netı 
from Latin nitidus [elegant, gleaming] 
Դ  nitidus [ϵȵģ˸] 
from nit?e [to shine] 
Դ nit?e [] 
?
neatly
adv.ʣ
neatness
n.ʣ
?
neat,tidy,trim,shipshape,spick-and-span,spruce,trig
These adjectives mean marked by good order and cleanliness.
ЩݴʶõĴ͸ɾйصġ
 Neat  implies a pleasingly clean and orderly condition: 
 Neat  ָĿ״̬ 
a neat room;
ķ䣻
neat hair.
ͷ
Tidy  emphasizes precise arrangement and order: 
Tidy  ǿĲúʹ 
When she saw me come in tidy and well dressed, she even smiled (Charlotte Bront?).
Ҵ࣬װؽʱЦˡ ١أ
 Trim  stresses especially smart appearance resulting from neatness, tidiness, and pleasing proportions: 
 Trim  ǿڸɾĴֳۣ 
A trim little sailboat was dancing out at her moorings (Herman Melville).
һ۵СͣƯ ն÷ά
 Shipshape  evokes the meticulous order and neatness that might be found aboard a ship: 
 Shipshape  пڴֻое;Ȼ 
We'll try to make this barn a little more shipshape (Rudyard Kipling).
ǽʹֻӾȻ ³ǵ¡֣
 Spick-and-span  suggests the immaculate freshness and cleanliness of something new: 
 Spick-and-span  ʾº״̬ 
young men in spick-and-span uniforms (Edith Wharton).
¹ڳˡ ˹٣
 Spruce  implies neatness and smartness, as of dress or appearance: 
 Spruce  ָװĸɾࣺ 
a good-looking man; spruce and dapper, and very tidy (Anthony Trollope).
òÿˣƯģҷǳྻ ᡤգ
 Trig  suggests sprightly smartness: 
 Trig  Ư˼ 
the trig corporal, with the little visorless cap worn so jauntily (William Dean Howells).
Ǹһ˻õñʿ ϰ˹
?
neat
neat 2
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[ni8t]
K.K.[nit]
n.ʣ
 neat  
A cow or other domestic bovine animal.
ţţţֶ
?
Middle English net 
йӢ net 
from Old English n?t 
Դ Ӣ n?t 

= =
necessary
nec.es.sar.y
AHD:[ns1-sr?] 
D.J.[6nes!7seri8]
K.K.[6nWs!7sWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Absolutely essential.See Synonyms at indispensable 
Ĳμ indispensable
Needed to achieve a certain result or effect; requisite:
زٵģﵽĳĿĶ߱ģҪģ
the necessary tools.
رĹ
Unavoidably determined by prior conditions or circumstances; inevitable:
ɱģԭеɻܱģɱģ
the necessary results of overindulgence.
ȷεıȻ
Logically inevitable.
Ȼģ߼ϲɱ
Required by obligation, compulsion, or convention:
ǿƵģǿƻϰҪģ
made the necessary apologies.
òǸ
n.ʣ
 nec.es.sar.ies 
Something indispensable.
ƷȱٵĶ
?
Middle English necessarie 
йӢ necessarie 
from Old French necessaire 
Դ ŷ necessaire 
from Latin necess3s 
Դ  necess3s 
from necesse * see  ked- 
Դ necesse *μ ked- 

= =
necessarily
nec.es.sar.i.ly
AHD:[ns1-sar-l?, -sr-] 
D.J.[7nes!6se*r*li8, -6ser-]
K.K.[7nWs!6sWr*li, -6sWr-]
adv.ʣ
Of necessity; inevitably.
Ȼأɱ

= =
necessitate
ne.ces.si.tate
AHD:[n-ss1-t3t] 
D.J.[n*6ses!7te!t]
K.K.[n*6sWs!7tet]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ne.ces.si.tat.ed,ne.ces.si.tat.ing,ne.ces.si.tates 
To make necessary or unavoidable.
ʹΪ裺ʹΪȻ򲻿ɱ
To require or compel.
ʹҪǿ
?
Medieval Latin necessit3e  necessit3t- 
 necessit3e  necessit3t- 
from Latin necessit3s [necessity] * see  necessity 
Դ  necessit3s [Ʒ] *μ necessity
?
necessitation
n.ʣ
necessitative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
necessity
ne.ces.si.ty
AHD:[n-ss1-t?] 
D.J.[n*6ses!ti8]
K.K.[n*6sWs!ti]
n.ʣ
 ne.ces.si.ties 
The condition or quality of being necessary.
ҪҪ
Something necessary:
ƷĶ
The necessities of life include food, clothing, and shelter.
ıģʳ·ס
Something dictated by invariable physical laws.
ȻԣɲȻɾĶ
The force exerted by circumstance.
Ȼʩӵѹ
The state or fact of being in need.
ҪҪ״̬ʵ
Pressing or urgent need, especially that arising from poverty.See Synonyms at need 
ѣΣеģȵҪǴƶвĲμ need
?
of necessity
As an inevitable consequence; necessarily.
޷ģȻ
?
Middle English necessite 
йӢ necessite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin necessit3s 
Դ  necessit3s 
from necesse [necessary] * see  necessary 
Դ necesse [Ȼ] *μ necessary

= =
neck
neck
AHD:[nk] 
D.J.[nek]
K.K.[nWk]
n.ʣ
The part of the body joining the head to the shoulders or trunk.
ͷͼɵ岿λ
The part of a garment around or near the neck.
Ȧ죺·Χƻ򿿽Ĳ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
A narrow or constricted part of a structure, as of a bone or an organ, that joins its parts; a cervix.
״֣ǻӲλСĲ֣
The part of a tooth between the crown and the root.
ں֮Ĳλ
A relatively narrow elongation, projection, or connecting part:
խشСӳͻֻӲ֣
a neck of land; the neck of a flask.
ƿ
Music The narrow part along which the strings of an instrument extend to the pegs.
֡ پ쵽ָ
Geology Solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano.
ѧ ҾɽӲĻɽ
The siphon of a bivalve mollusk, such as a clam.
ܣ˫嶯ܣ
A narrow margin:
ңСĿ϶
won by a neck.
ȡʤ
v.ʣ
necked,neck.ing,necks 
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To kiss and caress amorously.
ӵǣҵذ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strangle or decapitate (a fowl).
նףݣ
?
Middle English nekke 
йӢ nekke 
from Old English hnecca 
Դ Ӣ hnecca 
?
neckless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
necklace
neck.lace
AHD:[nkl1s] 
D.J.[6nekl!s]
K.K.[6nWkl!s]
n.ʣ
An ornament worn around the neck.
ھϵװƷ
Something felt to resemble this neck ornament, as in shape:
Ȧ״ϣоƵĶ
a necklace of hundreds of tiny islands.
ٸСɵȦ

= =
need
need
AHD:[n?d] 
D.J.[ni8d]
K.K.[nid]
n.ʣ
A lack of something required or desirable:
ҪҪȱ
crops in need of water; a need for affection.
ҪˮׯڣԸҪ
Something required or wanted; a requisite:
ƷҪҪҪ
Our needs are modest.
ǵıƷǫ
Necessity; obligation:
Ҫ
There is no need for you to go.
ûбҪȥ
A condition of poverty or misfortune:
ƶƶҵ״
The family is in dire need.
ͥΪƶ
v.ʣ
need.ed,need.ing,needs 
aux.ʣ
To be under the necessity of or the obligation to:
ҪҪҪ
They need not come.
ǲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have need of; require:
ҪҪ
The family needs money.
ͥҪǮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in need or want.
ҪҪ
To be necessary.
бҪ
?
Middle English nede 
йӢ nede 
from Old English n??d} [distress, necessity] 
Դ Ӣ n??d} [ƶ] 
?
need,necessity,exigency,requisite
These nouns denote a condition in which something essential is required or wanted; they also refer to that which is required or wanted.
ЩʶָڶԱƷҪһ״ҲָҪĻҪĶ
 Need  is the most general: 
 Need  ձ飺 
There's no need to be concerned.
ûҪǡ
She is serene and contented;
ܰꡢƽ
her emotional and spiritual needs are being met.
;ϵҪõ㡣
Necessity  more strongly thanneed  suggests urgency, inevitability, or unavoidable obligation: 
Necessity  need ǿ ָȵġɱĻ򲻿ɶܵ 
I think the necessity of being ready increases.Look to it  (Abraham Lincoln). 
Ϊ׼ ˡע⡱  ǲֿϣ 
The rehabilitation of the cabin became a necessity (Bret Harte).
Сݵ޽ǲɱˡ ءأ
 Exigency  implies acute urgency,especially that arising from conditions or circumstances such as those of an emergency: 
 Exigency  ָǳȣָƽ¼򻷾 
No . . . more pernicious [doctrine] was ever invented . . . than that any of [the Constitution's]  provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies of government  (David 
Davis)
ûС ܱһΣͷ  ȡΪкġ  ά˹
 Requisite  applies to something indispensable: 
 Requisite  ָȱٵ 
a place where the three grand requisites of water, fuel and fodder were to be obtained (James Fenimore Cooper).See also Synonyms at  lack 
ҪƷˮȼϺͲ϶߱ĵط ķ˹Ī꣩μͬ lack
?
Depending on the sense,the verbneed  behaves sometimes like an auxiliary verb (such as can  or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such aswant  or try ). When used as a main 
verb,need agrees with its subject, takesto  before the verb following it, and combines withdo  in questions, negations, and certain other constructions:  
壬need ʱʹã can  may ) ʱʵ嶯ʣwant  try ) ʵ嶯ʱneed һ£ to 涯ʵǰ棬 ʾ
񶨾ĳЩض䷨Ϻdo ã  
He needs to go.
ߡ
Does he need to go so soon?
ôҪ?
He doesn't need to go. 
Ҫߡ 
When used as an auxiliary verb,need does not agree with its subject, does not taketo  before the verb following it, and does not combine withdo :  
ʱneed úһ£ ðto 󶯴ʵǰ棬 Ҳúdo ã  
He needn't go.
ߡ
Need he go so soon? 
ôҪ? 
The auxiliary forms ofneed  are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main verb forms in that they 
always refer to an externally imposed obligation.Hence one might sayYou needn't  (or less formally, don't need to ) fill out both forms,  but where the sense of necessity is internal to 
the subject,only the main verb can be used: 
Need ʽҪʱ̬ʾ䡢񶨾С ˼Ϻʵ嶯ʵʽϸ΢ָⲿǿѹǿ˵ûҪ 
̫ don't need to ) ݱ  Ƕ˵Ҫ˼ڵģֻʵ嶯ʣ 
I don't need to (not needn't ) be told how to manage my own affairs.  
ҲҪ needn't ) ֪Լ  
Note also that the use ofneed  as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition that the activity in question has in fact been performed.The boys needn't have spoken frankly  
implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentenceThe boys did not need to speak frankly  does not; only the latter could be followed by a clauselikethey conveyed their 
meanings by indirection.  
עneed ʱһȾ ʵĶʵѾˡЩкǱҪ̹ ζʵѾ̹ʵ˵ˣ Ȼкǲ
Ҫ̹ϵ˵ û˼ ֻк߿һӣǼӵرǵ˼  

= =
needle
nee.dle
AHD:[n?dl] 
D.J.[6ni8dl]
K.K.[6nid1]
n.ʣ
A small, slender implement used for sewing or surgical suturing, made usually of polished steel and having an eye at one end through which a length of thread is passed and held.
룬룺ֹһƷϵСϸߣͨɲƳɣһһۿߴ
Any one of various other implements, such as one used in knitting or crocheting.
֯룺һֱСߣڱ֯͹֯õ
A small, pointed stylus used to transmit vibrations from the grooves of a phonograph record.
룺СĳݳƬ۵
A slender pointer or indicator on a dial, scale, or similar part of a mechanical device.
ָ룺̶̡ȻеװõƲϵϸָָʾ
A magnetic needle.

A hypodermic needle.
ע룺Ƥעͷ
Informal A hypodermic injection; a shot.
ʽ Ƥע䣻ע
A narrow stiff leaf, as those of conifers.
ҶӲҶɰؿֲ
A fine, sharp projection, as a spine of a sea urchin or a crystal.
״ϸͻ纣ļ׵ǻˮ
A sharp-pointed instrument used in engraving.
ߣʱõļͻ
Informal A goading, provoking, or teasing remark or act.
ʽ ݼУ̼ġġЦۻΪ
v.ʣ
nee.dled,nee.dling,nee.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To prick, pierce, or stitch with a small, slender, sharp-pointed implement.
죬ݣСġϸġĹ̡
Informal To goad, provoke, or tease.
ʽ ̼ŭЦ
Slang To increase the alcoholic content of (a beverage).
ٵ ӣϵģƾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sew or do similar work with a small, slender, sharp-pointed implement.
ңСġϸĹƵĹ
?
Middle English nedle 
йӢ nedle 
from Old English n?l * see  (s)n?- 
Դ Ӣ n?l *μ (s)n?- 
?
needler
n.ʣ

= =
needless
need.less
AHD:[n?dl1s] 
D.J.[6ni8dl!s]
K.K.[6nidl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Not needed or wished for; unnecessary.
ҪģҪģҪģҪ
?
needlessly
adv.ʣ
needlessness
n.ʣ

= =
negative
neg.a.tive
AHD:[ng-t1v] 
D.J.[6neg*t!v]
K.K.[6nWg*t!v]
adj.Abbr. neg.ݴʣд neg.
Expressing, containing, or consisting of a negation, refusal, or denial:
񶨵ģϵģʾлɷ񶨡ܾɵģ
gave a negative answer to our request for funding.
ǵĲҪ񶨵Ļش
Indicating opposition or resistance:
ϵģԵģʾԻܾģ
a negative reaction to the new advertising campaign.
¹ַַ
Having no positive features:
ģûлأ
negative ideas; a negative outlook on life.
İ취
Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive:
ģģǻֳ⣬Ϊǻĺ;߽Եģ
conducted a negative campaign against his opponent.
Ķֽи
Medicine Not indicating the presence of microorganisms, disease, or a specific condition.
ҽѧ ڵģԵģʾ΢֯һضĴ
Logic Designating a proposition that denies agreement between a subject and its predicate.
߼ѧ һµģ񶨵ģָһＰһ¹ϵŵ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Relating to or designating a quantity less than zero.
ģйػʾһС
Relating to or designating the sign (-).
ŵģйػʾţ-
Relating to or designating a quantity to be subtracted from another.
ٵģ۳ģڻһһϼ
Relating to or designating a quantity, a number, an angle, a velocity, or a direction in a sense opposite to another of the same magnitude indicated or understood to be positive.
ģڻһһ֡һǡһʻһĳ˵ͬıʾΪ෴
Physics 
ѧ 
Relating to or designating an electric charge of the same sign as that of an electron, indicated by the symbol (-).
ģģڻĸɺ͵Ӿͬķţ÷(-)ʾ
Relating to or designating a body having an excess of electrons.
ɵģڻйӵ
Chemistry Of or designating an ion, the anion, that is attracted to a positive electrode.
ѧ ӵģڻӣӵģ缫
Biology Moving or turning away from a stimulus, such as light:
ѧ ģ뿪Զ̼ģ⣺
a negative tropism.

n.ʣ
A statement or an act indicating or expressing a contradiction, denial, or refusal.See Usage Note at affirmative 
񶨣ָܾʾϻܾ˵Ϊμ affirmative
A statement or an act that is highly critical of another or of others:
һָ߶̬ȵ˵Ϊ
campaign advertising that was based solely on negatives.
ΪĹַ
Something that lacks all positive, affirmative, or encouraging features; an element that is the counterpoint of the positive:
ȱлġ϶Ļصķ۵Ԫأ
Life is full of overwhelming odds. You can't really eliminate the negatives but you can diminish them(Art Linkletter)
޷ֵĻᣬ㲻Щأǡ(ءֿ)
A feature or characteristic that is not deemed positive, affirmative, or desirable:
ԣΪǻġ϶Ļɫص㣺
As voters get to know his liberal views, his negatives will rise(Richard M. Nixon)I'm known for being very forthright and honest in my opinions. If that's a negative, it's a negative
(Kitty Dukakis)
ͶƱ߿ʼ˽ۺ֮¶(M.)򷢱ֱҳʵҲȱĻһȱ㡱(١ſ
˹)
Grammar A word or part of a word, such asno, not,  or non-,  that indicates negation. See Usage Note at double negative 
﷨ 񶨴ʣʾ񶨵Ĵʻʵһ֣nonot  non-  μ double negative
The side in a debate that contradicts or opposes the question being debated.
Էڱз򷴶Աһ
An image in which the light areas of the object rendered appear dark and the dark areas appear light.
ƬһӳйĲʾɫĲλʾ
A film, plate, or other photographic material containing such an image.
ƬһӳĵӰйӰԭ
Mathematics A negative quantity.
ѧ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
neg.a.tived,neg.a.tiv.ing,neg.a.tives 
To refuse to approve; veto.
ܾͬ
To deny; contradict.See Synonyms at deny 
ϣμ deny
To demonstrate to be false; disprove.
֤Ǵģ޳
To counteract or neutralize.
谭
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French negatif 
Դ ŷ negatif 
from Latin neg3ovus} 
Դ  neg3ovus} 
from neg3s [past participle of] neg3re [to deny] * see  negate 
Դ neg3s  [] neg3reĹȥִ [] *μ negate
?
negatively
adv.ʣ
negativeness  
negativity
AHD:[-t1v1-t?] ʣ

= =
neglect
ne.glect
AHD:[n1-glkt] 
D.J.[n!6glekt]
K.K.[n!6glWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ne.glect.ed,ne.glect.ing,ne.glects 
To pay little or no attention to; fail to heed; disregard:
ע⣬ԣ̫ע⣻ӣӣ
neglected their warnings.
ǵľ
To fail to care for or attend to properly:
ӣδʵӻģ
neglects her appearance.
û̫ò
To fail to do or carry out, as through carelessness or oversight:
ûɣ©ⶪδʵʩ
neglected to return the call.
ⲻص绰
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of neglecting something.
ԣĳµΪ
The state of being neglected.
ӣӵ״̬
Habitual lack of care.
ϰԵȱ
?
Latin neglegere  negl?ct- 
 neglegere  negl?ct- 
neg- [not] * see  ne 
neg- [] *μ ne 
legere [to choose, pick up] * see  leg- 
legere [ѡѡ] *μ leg- 
?
neglecter
n.ʣ

= =
negligible
neg.li.gi.ble
AHD:[ngl1-j-bl] 
D.J.[6negl!d9*b*l]
K.K.[6nWgl!d9*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not significant or important enough to be worth considering; trifling.
ԺԵģش󣬲ҪԿǵģ΢
?
neglig(ent) 
neglig(ent)
-ible 
-ible
?
negligibility  
negligibleness
n.ʣ
negligibly
adv.ʣ

= =
negotiate
ne.go.ti.ate
AHD:[n1-g?sh?-3t] 
D.J.[n!6g*&.i87e!t]
K.K.[n!6go.i7et]
v.ʣ
ne.go.ti.at.ed,ne.go.ti.at.ing,ne.go.ti.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To confer with another or others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement:
̣飺ΪЭһ˻Э̣
It is difficult to negotiate where neither will trust(Samuel Johnson)
˫˴˲αѽЭ̡(ѶԼѷ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange or settle by discussion and mutual agreement:
Э̣ͨ˫ͬŻ⣺
negotiate a contract.
Э̺ͬ
To transfer title to or ownership of (a promissory note, for example) to another party by delivery or by delivery and endorsement in return for value received.
öɣΪȡüֵͨ򽻻ȨȨһƱתһ
To sell or discount (assets or securities, for example).
ۼ۳ۣۻۼۣ磬Ʋ֤ȯ
To succeed in going over or coping with:
ɹӦɹؾڶԸ
negotiate a sharp curve.
תһת
To succeed in accomplishing or managing:
ɹɣɹɻ
negotiate a difficult musical passage.
һμ
?
Latin neg?3ro}  neg?ti3t- [to transact business] 
 neg?3ro}  neg?ti3t- [] 
from neg?m [business] 
Դ neg?m [] 
neg- [not] * see  ne 
neg- [ǵ] *μ ne ?m [leisure] ?m [] 
?
negotiator
n.ʣ
negotiatory
AHD:[-sh-t?r?, -t?r?, -sh?--] ݴʣ

= =
neighbour
neigh.bour
AHD:[n3br] 
D.J.[6ne!b*]
K.K.[6neb+]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
adj.Chiefly British ݴʣӢ 
Variant of neighbor 
 neighborı

= =
neither
nei.ther
AHD:[n?Yr, no-] 
D.J.[6ni8H*, 6na!-]
K.K.[6niH+, 6na!-]
adj.ݴʣ
Not one or the other; not either:
߶ǵģеһһģǵģ
Neither shoe feels comfortable.
ֻЬо
pron.ʣ
Not either one; not the one or the other:
߶֮һҲһ
Neither of the twins is here. Neither will do. Neither of them is incorrect.
Ƕ˫̥У
conj.Ӵʣ
Not either; not in either case. Used with the correlative conjunctionnor : 
ǣеһһ¡nor ã 
Neither we nor they want it. She neither called nor wrote. I got neither the gift nor the card.
ǺǶҪû绰ҲûдҼûõҲûõؿ
Also not:
Ҳ
If he won't go, neither will she.
ȥҲȥ
adv.ʣ
Similarly not; also not:
ҲһҲ
Just as you would not, so neither would they.
ǲԸһҲӦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n33hw?ther}  influenced by ?ghw?ther, ?gther [either] * see  either 
Դ Ӣ n33hw?ther}   ?ghw?therӰ, ?gther [Ҳ] *μ either
n3} [not] * see  ne 
n3} [ǵ] *μ ne 
hw?ther [which of two] * see  k wo- 
hw?ther [еһ] *μ k wo- 
?
According to the traditional rule,neither is used only to mean not one or the other of two. To refer to none of several,none  is preferred:  
ͳneither ֻڱʾҲһ ҪָһҲûСʱnone   
None (not neither ) of the three opposition candidates would make a better president than the incumbent.   
λԵͳѡеκһ  neither ) ǿ   
The traditional rule also holds thatneither  is grammatically singular:  
ͳΪneither ﷨ǵ  
Neither candidate is having an easy time with the press. 
ÿһλѡ˶ٰ߰ 
However, it is often used with a plural verb,especially when followed byof  and a plural:  
ã䵱of һʱ  
Neither of the candidates are really expressing their own views.  
ûһλѡʵرǵĹ۵㡣  
As a conjunctionneither  is properly followed by nor,  not or,  in formal style:  
Ϊһʣʽneither ˸ nor  or   
Neither prayers nor curses (not or curses ) did any good.  See Usage Note at either ,every ,he 1none ,nor 1or 1
 or curses ) κ  μ either,every,he1none,nor1or1

= =
nephew
neph.ew
AHD:[nfy?] 
D.J.[6nefju8]
K.K.[6nWfju]
n.ʣ
A son of one's brother or sister or the brother or sister of one's spouse.
ֶӣֵܽûżֵܽõĶ
The illegitimate son of an ecclesiastic who has taken a vow of celibacy.
˽ӣѷҪĴʿ˽Ů
?
Middle English neveu, nepheu 
йӢ neveu, nepheu 
from Old French nevo, neveu 
Դ ŷ nevo, neveu 
from Latin nep?s * see  nep?t- 
Դ  nep?s *μ nep?t- 

= =
nerve
nerve
AHD:[n?rv] 
D.J.[nT8v]
K.K.[nPv]
n.ʣ
Any of the cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses pass between the brain or other parts of the central nervous system and the 
eyes, glands, muscles, and other parts of the body. Nerves form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body.
񾭣ָκԪɵ״άйٴ̼˶񾭳嶯ͨڴԻϵͳֺ۾塢ִݡγһȫ
Ϣ·
The sensitive tissue in the pulp of a tooth.
񾭣ĸо֯
A sore point or sensitive subject:
двλʹ㣺
The criticism touched a nerve.
һѪ
Courage and control under pressure:
ѹµ
lost his nerve at the last minute.
һʧȥ
Fortitude; stamina.
㣻
Forceful quality; boldness.
ϣ¸
Brazen boldness; effrontery:
գ³ç
had the nerve to deny it.See Synonyms at temerity 
ҷμ temerity
nerves Nervous agitation caused by fear, anxiety, or stress:
 nerves ˥ڿ־塢ǻѹµ񾭽ţ
an attack of nerves.
Ъ˹֢
A vein or rib in the wing of an insect.
ĳ
The midrib and larger veins in a leaf.
ҶҶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
nerved,nerv.ing,nerves 
To give strength or courage to.

?
get on (someone's) nerves
To irritate or exasperate.
ŭ̼
strain every nerve
To make every effort.
߾ȫ
?
Middle English [sinew, nerve] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French nerf 
Դ ŷ nerf 
from Medieval Latin nervus 
Դ  nervus 
from Latin * see  (s)neu- 
Դ  *μ (s)neu- 

= =
nervous
nerv.ous
AHD:[n?rvs] 
D.J.[6nT8v*s]
K.K.[6nPv*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the nerves or nervous system:
ϵͳģ񾭻ϵͳйصģ
nervous tissue.
֯
Stemming from or affecting the nerves or nervous system:
ڻͬϵͳصģ
a nervous disorder.
񾭻
Easily agitated or distressed; high-strung or jumpy.
׽ǵĻʹģ񾭼񾭽
Marked by or having a feeling of unease or apprehension:
ڷ鷽治ĵģ
nervous moments before takeoff.
ȥǰʱ
Vigorous in style or feeling; spirited:
ڷϳģ
the nervous thrust of a modern creation(Henry A. Kissinger)
ִƶá(A.)
Archaic Strong; sinewy.
 ǿ׳ģⷢ
?
Middle English [sinewy, containing nerves] 
йӢ [ǿģ] 
from Latin nerv?s [sinewy] 
Դ  nerv?s [] 
from nervus [sinew] * see  nerve 
Դ nervus [죬] *μ nerve
?
nervously
adv.ʣ
nervousness
n.ʣ

= =
nest
nest
AHD:[nst] 
D.J.[nest]
K.K.[nWst]
n.ʣ
A container or shelter made by a bird out of twigs, grass, or other material to hold its eggs and young.
񳲣С֦ݻѻ߲ѡϢ
A similar structure in which fish, insects, or other animals deposit eggs or keep their young.
ߣ㡢ѻ׳һƽṹ
A place in which young are reared; a lair.
Ѩ׳ĵطѨ
A number of insects, birds, or other animals occupying such a place:
ѣһЩ桢ռݵĵط
a nest of hornets.

A place affording snug refuge or lodging; a home.
ѣṩʵıסĵط
A place or an environment that fosters rapid growth or development, especially of something undesirable; a hotbed:
´Ѹٳɳչĵط򻷾ָĵĵط´
a nest of criminal activity.
´
Those who occupy or frequent such a place or environment.
ﷸռлȥط򻷾
A set of objects of graduated size that can be stacked together, each fitting within the one immediately larger:
һߴ罥һ׶װһÿЩһǺϣ
a nest of tables.

A cluster of similar things.
һƶ
Computer Science A subroutine or set of data contained sequentially within another.
ѧ Ƕףף˳еӳһ
A group of weapons in a prepared position:
׼õһ
a machine-gun nest.
һʵǹ
v.ʣ
nest.ed,nest.ing,nests 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To build or occupy a nest.
޽ռһ
To create and settle into a warm and secure refuge.
Ѱӻסһůȫı
To hunt for birds' nests, especially in order to collect the eggs.
ȡѣѰѣΪռ
To fit together in a stack.
ɶѷã׵ضѷһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in or as if in a nest.
ڳУŻƷŽ
To put snugly together or inside one another:
صãǡطһһһ
to nest boxes.
صѷź
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
net
.net
abbr.
 network provider [in Internet addresses] 
network provider[in Internet addresses] 
?
NET
NET
abbr.
National Educational Television.
ҽ̨
?
net
net 1
AHD:[nt] 
D.J.[net]
K.K.[nWt]
n.ʣ
An openwork fabric made of threads or cords that are woven or knotted together at regular intervals.
߻йɵĿ϶֯ɵ͸֯ṹ
Something made of openwork fabric, especially:
͸֯ṹĶָ
A device for capturing birds, fish, or insects.
׽Ĺ
A barrier against flying insects:
ʣ赲ɳϣ
a mosquito net.

A mesh for holding the hair in place.
̶ͷȦ
Something that entraps; a snare.
壺ڰĶ
A fine mesh fabric used as curtain or dress material or as the foundation for various laces.
߲ϣװϻΪֻ߻״ṹ
Sports 
˶ 
A barrier of meshwork cord or rope strung between two posts to divide a court in half, as in tennis and badminton.
֮ƽһ򳡵״ϡƹ
A ball that is hit into this meshwork barrier.
ײ״ϵ
The goal in soccer, hockey, and lacrosse.
ţͳ
A meshed network of lines, figures, or fibers.
״ߡͼάĿ״
A radio, television, or telephone network.
·ӻ绰ͨ
Computer Science See  network 
ѧ μ  network 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
net.ted,net.ting,nets 
To catch or ensnare in or as if in a net.
׽ס
To cover, protect, or surround with or as if with a net.
ûסΧ
Sports To hit (a ball) into the net.
˶ 
To make into a net.
סʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ned- 
Դ Ӣ *μ ned- 
?
netter
n.ʣ
?
net
net 2
AHD:[nt] 
D.J.[net]
K.K.[nWt]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. n.Business 
д n.óס 
Remaining after all deductions have been made, as for expenses:
ģ۳п֧ʣµģ翪
net profit.

Remaining after tare is deducted:
۳Ƥʣµģ
net weight.

Ultimate; final:
ģģ
the net result.
ɼ
n.ʣ
Abbr. n.Business A net amount, as of profit or weight.
д n.óס 
The main point; the essence:
Ҫ㣻ʣ
the net of our discussion.
۵Ҫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
net.ted,net.ting,nets 
To bring in or yield as profit.
Ϊ
To clear as profit.

?
Middle English [elegant, remaining after deductions] 
йӢ [ϵȵģµ] 
from Old French [elegant] 
Դ ŷ [ŵ] 
and from Old Italian netto [remaining after deductions] 
Դ  netto [ٺµ] 
both from Latin nitidus [clean, elegant] * see  neat 1
Դ  nitidus [ɾϵȵ] *μ neat1

= =
network
net.work
AHD:[ntw?rk] 
D.J.[6net7wT8k]
K.K.[6nWt7wPk]
n.ʣ
An openwork fabric or structure in which cords, threads, or wires cross at regular intervals.
߻˿һγɵ״֯Ʒṹ
Something resembling an openwork fabric or structure in form or concept, especially:
״ṹʽϻ״ṹĶǣ
A system of lines or channels that cross or interconnect:
ͨ໥ӵ·ˮ
a network of railroads.
·
A complex, interconnected group or system:
Ӷ໥õϵͳ
an espionage network.
ϵͳ
An extended group of people with similar interests or concerns who interact and remain in informal contact for mutual assistance or support.
˼йͬûȤñַʽԻö෽ֵ֧Ⱥ
A chain of radio or television broadcasting stations linked by wire or microwave relay.
㲥·΢תվӵĵ̨̨
A company that produces the programs for these stations.
㲥˾͹㲥ӽĿĹ˾
A group or system of electric components and connecting circuitry designed to function in a specific manner.
·ضķʽƳɾһܡɵԪӵ·ɵϵͳ
Computer Science A system of computers interconnected by telephone wires or other means in order to share information.Also called  net 1
ѧ 磬磺ΪϢõ绰߻ʽӶɵļϵͳҲ  net1
v.ʣ
net.worked,net.work.ing,net.works 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with or as if with an openwork fabric or structure.
·û֯ṹ
To broadcast over a radio or television network.
ù㲥ͽĿ
Computer Science To connect (computers) into a network.
ѧ ʹγ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To interact or engage in informal communication with others for mutual assistance or support.
ͨ˷ʽĽԻö෽
?
networker
n.ʣ

= =
neutral
neu.tral
AHD:[n?trl, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8tr*l, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nutr*l, 6nju-]
adj.Abbr. neut.ݴʣд neut.
Not aligned with, supporting, or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest.
ģ롭˵ġֵ֧ĻԮսеһ
Belonging to neither side in a controversy:
мģսκһģ
on neutral ground.
վм
Belonging to neither kind; not one thing or the other; indifferent.
ǴǱ˵ģκһֵģǴǱ˵ģûжԴ
Sexless; neuter.
ԵģԵ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Of or relating to a solution or compound that is neither acidic nor alkaline.
ƽģҺ򻯺ҲǼԵĻ֮йص
Of or relating to a compound that does not ionize in solution.
ǵģҺвܵĻ֮йص
Physics 
ѧ 
Of or relating to a particle, an object, or a system that has neither positive nor negative electric charge.
ԵģӡϵͳλȷҲǸĻ֮йص
Of or relating to a particle, an object, or a system that has a net electric charge of zero.
ԵģӡϵͳλΪĻ֮йص
Color Of or indicating a color, such as gray, black, or white, that lacks hue; achromatic.
ɫʡ мɫģڻһȱɫȵɫģҡڻɫģɫʵ
Linguistics Pronounced with the tongue in a middle position, neither high nor low, as thea  in around.  
ѧ ģʱͷλмλõģҲͣ磺around е a  
n.ʣ
A nation nonaligned with either side in a war.
սвκһ˵Ĺ
A citizen of such a nation.
񣺲˹еľ
One who takes no side in a controversy:
ߣκһˣ
I am by disposition one of life's neutrals, a human Switzerland(John Gregory Dunne)
Ǹߣһʿˡ(Լи˶)
Color A neutral hue.
ɫʡ ɫ
A position in which a set of gears is disengaged so that power cannot be transmitted.
յһ׳ڴ˴ѿʹܴ͵λ
?
Middle English neuteral 
йӢ neuteral 
from Old French neutral 
Դ ŷ neutral 
from Latin neutr3s [grammatically neuter] 
Դ  neutr3s [﷨Ե] 
from neuter  neutr- * see  neuter 
Դ neuter  neutr- *μ neuter
?
neutrally
adv.ʣ
?
Neutral
Neu.tral
AHD:[n?trl, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8tr*l, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nutr*l, 6nju-]
n.ʣ
 Neutral  Neu.trals  
A confederacy of Iroquoian-speaking Native American peoples formerly inhabiting the northern shore of Lake Erie. The Neutral were destroyed by the Iroquois in the mid-17th century.
壺ǰסϵˡ17Ҷ˻ٵ
A member of this people.
ĳԱ

= =
never
nev.er
AHD:[nvr] 
D.J.[6nev*]
K.K.[6nWv+]
adv.ʣ
Not ever; on no occasion; at no time:
δδκγϣδ
He had never been there before. You never can be sure.
ǰδԶȷ
Not at all; in no way; absolutely not:
Բ
Never fear. That will never do.
Ҫ¡ǾԲᷢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n?e 
Դ Ӣ n?e 
ne [not] * see  ne 
ne [] *μ ne ?e [ever] * see  aiw- ?e [] *μ aiw- 

= =
nevertheless
nev.er.the.less
AHD:[nvr-Y-ls] 
D.J.[7nev*H*6les]
K.K.[7nWv*H*6lWs]
adv.ʣ
In spite of that; nonetheless; however:
ȻˣȻȻ
a small, nevertheless fatal error.
СȴĴ

= =
new
new
AHD:[n?, ny?] 
D.J.[nu8, nju8]
K.K.[nu, nju]
adj.ݴʣ
new.er,new.est 
Having been made or come into being only a short time ago; recent:
µģǰƳɻγɵģģ
a new law.
·
Still fresh:
ʵģ
a new coat of paint.
һ
Never used or worn before now:
δùģûģ
a new car; a new hat.
³ñ
Just found, discovered, or learned:
·ֵģշֵġ·Ļѧģ
new information.
Ϣ
Not previously experienced or encountered; novel or unfamiliar:
ģδĻδģĻϤģ
ideas new to her; visiting new places.
˵˼룻ι۲Ϥĵط
Different from the former or the old:
ͬǰģɵĲͬģ
the new morality.
µ
Recently obtained or acquired:
»õģõĻõģ
new political power; new money.
Ȩ²Ƹ
Additional; further:
ӵģӵģ
new sources of energy.
Դ
Recently arrived or established in a place, position, or relationship:
ĳصģĻһطλòŽĻϵģ
new neighbors; a new president.
ڣִͳ
Changed for the better; rejuvenated:
õģµģ
The nap has made a new person of me.
С˯ʹҾ
Being the later or latest in a sequence:
ģµģ
a new edition.
°
Currently fashionable:
Ŀǰеģ
a new dance.

New In the most recent form, period, or development.
 New ͵ģ½ʽʱڻչ
Inexperienced or unaccustomed:
޾ĻϤģ
new at the job; new to the trials of parenthood.
֣Ϊ˸ĸ
adv.ʣ
Freshly; recently. Often used in combination:
ʵأ½ءںϳɴʣ
new-mown.
¸
?
Middle English newe 
йӢ newe 
from Old English no?owe} * see  newo- 
Դ Ӣ no?owe} *μ newo- 
?
newness
n.ʣ
?
new,fresh,novel,newfangled,original
These adjectives describe what has existed for only a short time, has only lately come into use, or has only recently arrived at a state or position, as of prominence.
Щݴʿ̻˶ʱڵģոͶʹõĻս״̬λõ
 New  is the most general: 
 New  һģ 
a new movie;
µӰ
new clothes;
·
a new friend;
ѣ
a new popular hero.
ճӢۡ
It is time for a new generation of leadership, to cope with new problems and new opportunities.For there is a new world to be won (John F. Kennedy).Somethingfresh  has or has 
retained qualities of newness such as briskness, brightness, or purity: 
һһ쵼˴⡢»ʱһ罫 ԼF.ϣfresh ָһЩлɱƷʵʣ á򴿽ࣺ 
The police found fresh fingerprints on the light switch.
ڵƿϷӡ
Identifying the virus gave scientists fresh hope of discovering a vaccine.
ѧҷϣ
Novel  applies to what is both new and strikingly unusual: 
Novel  ڼµȻѰĶ 
The Spaniards were astonished at these novel maneuvers [by musketeers on skates] upon the ice  (John Lothrop Motley).
˱Щڱϵģۻв еĴģսϰĿɿڴ  Լ˹·աĪ
 Newfangled  suggests that something is needlessly novel;the term is often derogatory: 
 Newfangled  Щӱб壺 
the newfangled doctrine of utility (John Galt).Something that isoriginal  is novel and the first of its kind:  
 ʵЧѧ˵ ԼأOriginal ӱĺģ  
The science of pure mathematics, in its modern development, may claim to be the most original creation of the human spirit (Alfred North Whitehead).
ѧѧƣִչ׶λɱ֮Ϊྫ족 ¡ŵ˹غ£

= =
newly
new.ly
AHD:[n?l?, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8li8, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nuli, 6nju-]
adv.ʣ
Not long ago; recently:
ǰ
newly baked bread.
տ
Once more; anew:
һΣ£
a newly painted room.
·ˢķ
In a new or different way; freshly:
µķʽʵأ
an old idea newly phrased.
ϵ̸

= =
news
news
AHD:[n?z, ny?z] 
D.J.[nu8z, nju8z]
K.K.[nuz, njuz]
pl.n.(used with a sing. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Information about recent events or happenings, especially as reported by newspapers, periodicals, radio, or television.
ţ¼Ϣرֽͨڿ㲥͵ӽб
A presentation of such information, as in a newspaper or on a newscast.
ű籨ֽŹ㲥жϢı
New information of any kind:
Ϣ
The requirement was news to him.
Ҫ
Newsworthy material:
żֵĲϣ
a public figure on a scale unimaginable in America; whatever he did was news(James Atlas)
һгߵλĹκ鶼š(ղķ˹˹)
?
Middle English newes [new things, tidings] [pl. of] newe [new thing, new] * see  new 
йӢ newes [飬³]  [] neweĸ [飬µ] *μ new
?
newsless
adj.ݴʣ
?
news,advice,intelligence,tidings,word
The central meaning shared by these nouns is information about hitherto unknown events and happenings: 
Ще˼ǡйصĿǰΪֹ֪¼Ϣ 
just heard the good news;
Ϣ
sent advice that the mortgage would be foreclosed;
֪ͨǵѺƷȡȨ
a source of intelligence about the negotiations;
̸һ鱨Դ
tidings of victory;
ʤѶϢ
received word of the senator's death. 
õԱĴ 
?
If you take the first letters of the directions North, East, West, and South,it is true that you have the letters of the wordnews,  but it is not true that you have the etymology ofnews,  
contrary to what has often been thought. The history of the word is much less clever than this and not at all unexpected.News is simply the plural of the noun new,  which we use, for 
example, in the adage Out with the old, in with the new.The first recorded user of this plural to mean tidings may have been James I of Scotland;a work possibly written by him 
around 1437 contains the words Awak . . . I bring The [thee] newis [news] glad.It is pleasant to see that the first news was good.However, his descendant James I of England is the 
first person recorded (1616) to have saidNo newis is better than evill newis,or as we would put it, No news is good news.
ȡĸʸԵĸ͵õnews ĸ Ⲣnews ĳ ʵʷԶҲȫġNews  new ĸ
ʽ ˵ɵȥˣµˡʹʡڰʵĸΪѶõ¼ողķʿһдһԼ1437
Ļ߿ˡҸϢһǺϢǺ˸˵ġȻĺӢղķʿһȴǼ(1616꣩˵Ļˣû
ϢȻϢá˵ġûϢǺϢ

= =
newspaper
news.pa.per
AHD:[n?zp3pr, ny?z-] 
D.J.[6nu8z7pe!p*, 6nju8z-]
K.K.[6nuz7pep+, 6njuz-]
n.ʣ
A publication, usually issued daily or weekly, containing current news, editorials, feature articles, and usually advertising.
ֽͨÿջÿܷеĳݰʱ¡ﴫǺ͹
See  newsprint 
μ  newsprint
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a newspaper reporter; newspaper sales.
żߣֽ

= =
next
next
AHD:[nkst] 
D.J.[nekst]
K.K.[nWkst]
adj.ݴʣ
Nearest in space or position; adjacent:
ӽģٽģռλģڽģ
the next room.
ڷ
Immediately following, as in time, order, or sequence:
´εģεģŵģʱϡ˳ϻϣ
next week; the next item on the list.
ܣһ
adv.ʣ
In the time, order, or place nearest or immediately following:
ٵأʱ䡢˳λأ
reading this book next; our next oldest child.
ȥⱾ飻ǵڶ
On the first subsequent occasion:
ȥһ£
when next I write.
ҿʼд
n.ʣ
The next person or thing:
˻£
The next will be better.
һЩ
?
next to
Adjacent to:
ģڵģ
the car next to hers.
ĳ
Following in order or degree:
˳̶Ͻȥģ
Next to skiing, she likes hiking.
˻ѩϲͽ
Almost; practically:
ʵϣ
next to impossible.

?
Middle English nexte 
йӢ nexte 
from Old English no?hst} [superlative of] n?ah [near] * see  n?hw-iz 
Դ Ӣ no?hst}  [] n?ah߼ [] *μ n?hw-iz 

= =
nice
nice
AHD:[nos] 
D.J.[na!s]
K.K.[na!s]
adj.ݴʣ
nic.er,nic.est 
Pleasing and agreeable in nature:
ģ˵ģϺ˵ģģ
had a nice time.

Having a pleasant or attractive appearance:
ÿģ˵Ļ˸о泩ģ
a nice dress; a nice face.
Ư
Exhibiting courtesy and politeness:
ŵģʾǫòģ
a nice gesture.
ŵ
Of good character and reputation; respectable.
еģɵģкԸģ𾴵
Overdelicate or fastidious; fussy.
ֽģ̺ģھϸ򽲾ģעϸڵ
Showing or requiring great precision or sensitive discernment; subtle:
ϸģеģʾҪܸߵľܶȻĶģϸ΢ģ
a nice distinction; a nice sense of style.
ϸ΢𣻶Էе
Done with delicacy and skill:
ϸģϸĻģ
a nice bit of craft.
ֹƷ
Used as an intensive withand : 
һǿʣ͡and ã 
nice and warm.
ů
Obsolete 
 
Wanton; profligate:
ģŵģ
For when mine hours/Were nice and lucky, men did ransom lives/Of me for jests(Shakespeare)
Ϊҵʱ/˵ʱǽҵ/Ц(ɯʿ)
Affectedly modest; coy:
װǫģģ
Ere . . . /The nice Morn on th'Indian  steep,/From her cabin'd loop-hole peep (John Milton)
ʱ/ӡڰ ͱڽߵĳ/Сݡ (Լ׶)
?
Middle English [foolish] 
йӢ [޴] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin nescius [ignorant] 
Դ  nescius [֪] 
from nescoe [to be ignorant] * see  nescience 
Դ nescoe [ȱ֪ʶ] *μ nescience
?
nicely
adv.ʣ
niceness
n.ʣ
?
Nice
Nice
AHD:[n?s] 
D.J.[ni8s]
K.K.[nis]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southeast France on the Mediterranean Sea northeast of Cannes. Controlled by various royal houses after the 13th century, the city was finally ceded to France in 1860. It is the 
leading resort city of the French Riviera and is known for its beaches, casinos, and luxurious hotels. Population, 337,085.
˹ϲУɶĵкذ13Ժ󱻶ͥƣ1860ոøǷغҪγУɳֳ̲ͺ
˿337,085

= =
nickel
nick.el
AHD:[n1kl] 
D.J.[6n!k*l]
K.K.[6n!k*l]
n.ʣ
Symbol Ni A silvery, hard, ductile, ferromagnetic metallic element used in alloys, in corrosion-resistant surfaces and batteries, and for electroplating. Atomic number 28; atomic weight 
58.71; melting point 1,453=C; boiling point 2,732=C; specific gravity 8.902; valence 0, 1, 2, 3.See table at element 
 Ni һɫġӲԵĽԪأںϽ͸ı͵Լơԭ28ԭ58.71۵1,453=Cе2,732=C8.902ϼ0123
μ element
A U.S. coin worth five cents, made of a nickel and copper alloy.
ңֵ5ֵӲңͭϽƳ
Slang A nickel bag.
ٵ ԪƷС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
nick.eled  nick.elled nick.el.ing  nick.el.ling nick.els  nick.els  
To coat with nickel.
Ʊ
?
Swedish 
 
short for kopparnickel [niccolite] 
 kopparnickelļд [] 
partial translation of German Kupfernickel 
  KupfernickelĲַ 
Kupfer [copper] 
Kupfer [ͭ] 
Nickel [demon, rascal, from the deceptive copper color of the ore]  from the name Nikolaus [Nicholas] 
Nickel [ħԽͭƭɫ]  Դ Nikolaus [˹] 

= =
niece
niece
AHD:[n?s] 
D.J.[ni8s]
K.K.[nis]
n.ʣ
The daughter of one's brother or sister or of the brother or sister of one's spouse.
ֶŮŮĳ˻żֵܻõŮ
The illegitimate daughter of an ecclesiastic who has taken a vow of celibacy.
ʿ˽ŮĵְԱ˽Ů
?
Middle English nece 
йӢ nece 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *neptia 
Դ  *neptia 
from Latin neptis * see  nep?t- 
Դ  neptis *μ nep?t- 

= =
night
night
AHD:[not] 
D.J.[na!t]
K.K.[na!t]
n.ʣ
The period between sunset and sunrise, especially the hours of darkness.
ҹ䵽ճһʱ䣬ָʱ
This period considered as a unit of time:
ҹ䣺ʱ䵥λһʱ䣺
for two nights running.
ҹ
This period considered from its conditions:
ҹ״̬Ͽǵһʱ䣺
a rainy night.
ҹ
The period between dusk and midnight of a given day:
ĳһдӻƻ赽ҹʱ䣺
either late Thursday night or early Friday morning.
ҹ賿
The period between evening and bedtime.
Ӱ޵һʱ
This period considered from its activities:
ĳֻеҹ
a night at the opera.
֮ҹ
This period set aside for a specific purpose:
ĳضĿҹʱ䣺
Parents' Night at school.
ѧУҳ֮ҹ
The period between bedtime and morning:
Ӿ޵糿ʱ䣺
spent the night at a motel.
ùݹһҹ
One's sleep during this period:
˯ߵʱ䣺
had a restless night.
һҹδ
Nightfall:
ҹĻ٣
worked from morning to night.
絽ع
Darkness:
ڰ
vanished into the night.
ҹɫ
A time or condition of gloom, obscurity, ignorance, or despair:
İʱ̣ơʱڻ״
In a real dark night of the soul it is always three o'clock in the morning(F. Scott Fitzgerald)
賿ڰʱ(F.˹ءƴĽ)
A time or condition marked by absence of moral or ethical values:
ɥʱ̣ȱ¹ֵʱڻ״
He never would have let us go untroubled into the night of private greed(Anthony Lewis)
ض̰Ԩ(ᡤ˹)
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the night:
ҹģҹĻҹйصģ
the night air.
ҹ΢
Intended for use at night:
ҹģ
a night light.
ҹ
Working during the night:
ҹ乤ģ
the night nurse.
ֵҹĻʿ
Active chiefly at night:
Ҫҹģ
night prowlers.
ҹ
Occurring after dark:
ںеģ
night baseball.
ҹеİ˶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English niht * see  nek w-t- 
Դ Ӣ niht *μ nek w-t- 

= =
nightmare
night.mare
AHD:[notmar] 
D.J.[6na!t7me*]
K.K.[6na!t7mWr]
n.ʣ
A dream arousing feelings of intense fear, horror, and distress.
Σʹ˿־塢ºʹ
An event or experience that is intensely distressing.
ʹ˼ʹ
A demon or spirit once thought to plague sleeping people.
ħΪĥ˯˵ħ
?
Middle English [a female demon that afflicts sleeping people] 
йӢ [ĥ˯ŵ˵Ů] 
night [night] * see  night 
night [ҹ] *μ night
mare [goblin]  from Old English * see  mer- 
mare []  Դ Ӣ *μ mer- 
?
nightmarish
adj.ݴʣ
nightmarishly
adv.ʣ
nightmarishness
n.ʣ

= =
nine
nine
AHD:[non] 
D.J.[na!n]
K.K.[na!n]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 8 + 1.
ţ8+ȵĻ
The ninth in a set or sequence.
ھŸһϻеĵھŸ
Something having nine parts, units, or members.
Ÿһ飺оŸԪֻԱ
Games A playing card marked with nine pips.
Ϸ оŵһ˿
A set of nine persons or things, especially:
ˣһ֮оŸ˻һϣָ
Baseball The nine players on a side, or the whole team.
 Աİ
Nine Greek Mythology The nine Muses.
 Nine ϣ񻰡 ˹Ů
A size, as in clothing or shoes, designated as nine.
źţ·Ьӵĳߴ룬Ϊź
Sports The first or second 9 holes of an 18-hole golf course.
˶ һ18ĸ߶򳡵ǰŶŶ
?
to the ninesʽ
To the highest degree:
ﵽ̶߳ȣ
dressed to the nines.
ʱֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English nigon * see  new? 
Դ Ӣ nigon *μ new? 
?
nine
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
nineteen
nine.teen
AHD:[non-t?n] 
D.J.[na!n6ti8n]
K.K.[na!n6tin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 18 + 1.
ʮţ181ȵĻ
The 19th in a set or sequence.
ʮŸһϻеĵʮŸ
?
Middle English nintene 
йӢ nintene 
from Old English nigont?e * see  new? 
Դ Ӣ nigont?e *μ new? 
?
nineteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
ninety
nine.ty
AHD:[nont?] 
D.J.[6na!nti8]
K.K.[6na!nti]
n.ʣ
 nine.ties 
The cardinal number equal to 9  10.
ʮ910ȵĻ
nineties 
 nineties 
Often Nineties The decade from 90 to 99 in a century.
  Nineties ʮһд9099ʮʱ
A decade or the numbers from 90 to 99:
9099֮ʱ֣
My grandparents are in their nineties. During the heat wave, the temperature stayed in the nineties.
ҵ游ĸѾʮˡϮڼ䣬¶ȱھʮ
?
Middle English ninti 
йӢ ninti 
from Old English nigontig * see  new? 
Դ Ӣ nigontig *μ new? 
?
ninety
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
ninth
ninth
AHD:[nonth] 
D.J.[na!nG]
K.K.[na!nG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number nine in a series.
ھţ9
One of nine equal parts.
ŷ֮һŵȷеһ
Music 
֡ 
A harmonic or melodic interval of an octave and a second.
Ỵ̂һ˶̺͵ڶ̵ĺ
The tone at the upper limit of such an interval.
ڵһ
A chord consisting of a root with its third, seventh, and ninth.
źңɵߺ͵ھɵĺ
?
Middle English ninthe 
йӢ ninthe 
from Old English nigonthe 
Դ Ӣ nigonthe 
from nigon [nine] * see  new? 
Դ nigon [] *μ new? 
?
ninth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
nitrogen
ni.tro.gen
AHD:[notr-jn] 
D.J.[6na!tr*d9*n]
K.K.[6na!tr*d9*n]
n.Symbol N ʣ N 
A nonmetallic element that constitutes nearly four fifths of the air by volume, occurring as a colorless, odorless, almost inert diatomic gas, N2, in various minerals and in all proteins 
and used in a wide variety of important manufactures, including ammonia, nitric acid, TNT, and fertilizers. Atomic number 7; atomic weight 14.0067; melting point -209.86=C; boiling point 
-195.8=C; valence 3, 5. See table at element 
һַǽԪأԼռ֮ģһɫζΪԵ˫ԭ壬N2ڸֿеĵУ㷺ڸҪа
ᡢᡢɫըҩԼʡԭ7ԭ14.0067۵-209.86Cе-195.8Cϼ3,5 μ element
?
French nitrogne 
 nitrogne 
nitro- [nitric acid]  from New Latin * see  nitro- 
nitro- []  Դ ִ *μ nitro-
-gne [-gen] 
-gne [] 
?
nitrogenous
AHD:[no-tr?j-ns] ݴʣ

= =
no
no 1
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[n*&]
K.K.[no]
adv.ʣ
Used to express refusal, denial, disbelief, emphasis, or disagreement:
ܾ񶨡šǿͬ⣺
No, I'm not going. No, you're wrong.
Ҳȥ
Not at all; not by any degree. Often used with the comparative:
ȫκγ̶϶Ƚϣ
no better; no more.
ã
Not:
ǣ
whether or no.
ǻ
n.ʣ
 noes[n?z]  
A negative response; a denial or refusal:
񶨵Ļش𣻷񶨻ܾ
The proposal produced only noes.
ĽֻǾܾ
A negative vote or voter.
ߣƱͶƱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n3} 
Դ Ӣ n3} 
ne [not] * see  ne 
ne [] *μ ne 3} [ever] * see  aiw- 3} [ڼǿ̶] *μ aiw- 
?
no
no 2
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[n*&]
K.K.[no]
adj.ݴʣ
Not any; not one; not a:
ޣûκΣûһûУ
No cookies are left.
һҲûʣ
Not at all; not close to being:
ǣǣԶԶǣ
He is no child.
Ǹ
Hardly any:
ûУ
got there in no time flat.See Usage Note at nor 1
׼ʱϵμ nor1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of non 
 nonı 
from Old English n3n [none] 
Դ Ӣ n3n [ûһ] 
ne [not] * see  ne 
ne [] *μ ne 3n [one] * see  one 3n [һ] *μ one
?
No
No 1Ҳ Noh
AHD:[n?] 
D.J.[n*&]
K.K.[no]
n.ʣ
 No Ҳ Noh  
The classical drama of Japan, with music and dance performed in a highly stylized manner by elaborately dressed performers on an almost bare stage.
ܣ֣ձŵϷ磬ڼװε̨ɾװıֺ赸һּΪ̶ķ
?
Japanese n?} [talent, ability, No] 
 n?} [ʣܣ] 
from Chinese nng 
Դ  nng 
?
No
No 2
NONE޴ԣ
The symbol for the element nobelium 
 Ԫnobeliumķ
?
No
No
AHD:[n?] Lake
D.J.[n*&]Lake
K.K.[no]Lake
NONE޴ԣ
A lake of south-central Sudan. Formed by the flood waters of the White Nile, it varies in size seasonally.
ŵյϲһɰ޺ӵĺˮγɣݲͬļڱС
?
no
.no
abbr.
 Norway [in Internet addresses] 
Norway[in Internet addresses] 

= =
noble
no.ble
AHD:[n?bl] 
D.J.[6n*&b*l]
K.K.[6nob*l]
adj.ݴʣ
no.bler,no.blest 
Possessing hereditary rank in a political system or social class derived from a feudalistic stage of a country's development.
ģϵ׼ӵм̳еλģԴһҷչķ⽨׶
Having or showing qualities of high moral character, such as courage, generosity, or honor:
еģߵģлֳߵĵƷʵģ¸ҡȻ˸
a noble spirit.
ߵľ
Proceeding from or indicative of such a character; showing magnanimity:
ֳߵģԻʾʵģֳеģ
What poor an instrument/May do a noble deed!(Shakespeare)
˲/е¡(ɯʿ)
Grand and stately in appearance; majestic:
ׯϺׯصģ
a mighty Spanish chestnut, bare now of leaves, but in summer a noble tree(Richard Jeffries)
һþ޴ͺ֦Ҷǳïʢϡ(¡ܸ˹)
Chemistry Inactive or inert.
ѧ ԾĻԵ
n.ʣ
A member of the nobility.
߹һԱ
A gold coin formerly used in England, worth half of a mark.
һ־ʱӢʹõĽңֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin n?s * see  gn?- 
Դ  n?s *μ gn?- 
?
nobleness
n.ʣ
nobly
adv.ʣ

= =
nobody
no.bod.y
AHD:[n?b?d?, -b?d?, -b-d?] 
D.J.[6n*&7bKdi8, -7bJdi8, -b*di8]
K.K.[6no7b$di, -7bJdi, -b*di]
pron.ʣ
No person; not anyone:
ûˣκˣ
Nobody told you to go.
û˸
n.ʣ
 no.bod.ies 
A person of no importance or influence.
СûӰص

= =
nod
nod
AHD:[n?d] 
D.J.[nKd]
K.K.[n$d]
v.ʣ
nod.ded,nod.ding,nods 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lower and raise the head quickly, as in agreement or acknowledgment.
ͷٵص²̧ͷʾͬ
To let the head fall forward when sleepy; doze momentarily:
ʱͷǰţʱС˯
nodded off on the train.
ڻϴ˯
To be careless or momentarily inattentive as if sleepy; lapse:
ʧСĻһʱʧ
Even Homer nods.
ʹҲ
To sway, move up and down, or droop, as flowers in the wind.
°ڶƶ£ڷеĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lower and raise (the head) quickly in agreement or acknowledgment.
㣨ͷȣٵص²̧ͷʾͬ
To express by lowering and raising the head:
ͷʾͨͷʾ
He nodded his agreement.
ͷʾͬ
To summon, guide, or send by nodding the head:
ͷʾ⣺ͨͷٻָʹȥ
The chairperson nodded us into the room.
λϯͷʾ⽫
n.ʣ
A forward or up-and-down movement of the head, usually expressive of drowsiness or agreement:
ͷͷǰƶĶͨΪͬı
gave a nod of affirmation.
ͷȷ
An indication of approval or assent:
ͬ⣺ʾͬ޳ɵźţ
The contestant got the nod from the judges.
ѡִӲǻͬź
?
Middle English nodden ; akin to  perhaps akin to Middle High German notten 
йӢ nodden    йŸߵص notten 
?
nodder
n.ʣ

= =
noise
noise
AHD:[noiz] 
D.J.[n%!z]
K.K.[n%!z]
n.ʣ
Sound or a sound that is loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired.
ߵġöġĻϲ
Sound or a sound of any kind:

The only noise was the wind in the pines.
Ψһеķ
A loud outcry or commotion:
ĺź
Whatever the fate of Eureka, it should have some positive effects, even if modest in comparison to its political noise, for the technological cooperation of European firms(Foreign 
Affairs)
ŷ׿ΣӰ죬ȻɧСö࣬Ϊŷ޸˾ļ(⽻)
Physics A disturbance, especially a random and persistent disturbance, that obscures or reduces the clarity of a signal.
ѧ һָţָһĺͳĸţʹźűģ
Computer Science Irrelevant or meaningless data generated by a computer along with desired data.
ѧ ݣݲɻ
Informal 
ʽ 
A complaint or protest.
Թ
Rumor; talk.
ҥ
noises Remarks or actions intended to convey a specific impression or to attract attention:
 noises עУۺΪڴһӡע⣺
The U.S. is making appropriately friendly noises to the new Socialist Government(Flora Lewis)
ʵµע⡱(˹)
v.ʣ
noised,nois.ing,nois.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To spread the rumor or report of.
ҥҥԻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To talk much or volubly.
ػ˵
To be noisy; make noise.
֣ӵģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *nausea [discomfort] 
Դ  *nausea [] 
from Latin nausea [seasickness] * see  nausea 
Դ  nausea [δ] *μ nausea
?
noise,din,racket,uproar,pandemonium,hullabaloo,hubbub,clamor,babel
These nouns refer to loud, confused, or disagreeable sound or sounds.
ЩָġҵĻϲ
 Noise  is the least specific: 
 Noise  õձģ 
deafened by the noise in the subway;
еʹʲôҲ壻
the noise of cannon fire.  Adin is a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds:  
ڵ Din Ǹģ̶ͨĻϣ  
The din in the factory ends abruptly when the noon whistle sounds.
ĵʱʱֹͣˡ
Racket  is loud, distressing noise: 
Racket  ָġʹʹ 
Can you imagine the racket made by a line of empty trailer trucks rolling along cobblestone streets?
һӿյϳʯ·н?
Uproar, pandemonium,   andhullabaloo  imply disorderly tumult together with loud, bewildering sound:  
Uproar, pandemonium  hullababo ŴиߵġʹԻ  
The evening uproar of the howling monkeys burst out (W.H. Hudson). 
ŽеĺӱҹĹ롱 (WHѷ 
When night came, it brought with it a pandemonium of dancing and whooping, drumming and feasting (Francis Parkman). 
ҹʱ衢ֵ֮ ˹ 
The first performance of the iconoclastic composition caused a tremendous hullabaloo in the audience.
һƴͳϰƷıڹ˼ɧ
Hubbub  emphasizes turbulent activity,as of those engaged in commerce, and concomitant din: 
Hubbub  ǿҵĻЩҵԵġųģ 
We couldn't hear the starting announcement above the hubbub of bettors, speculators, tipsters, and touts.
ڴߡͶߡܱԼ鱨ǵ޷ʼ档
Clamor  is loud, usually sustained noise,as of a public outcry of dissatisfaction: 
Clamor  ָģͨΪֵ֧繫ڲĺ 
not in the clamor of the crowded street (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow). 
ӵĽֵϵĽС ˼ʷޣ 
The debate was interrupted by a clamor of opposition.
۱Էһкϡ
Babel  stresses confusion of vocal sounds arising from simultaneous utterance and random mixture of languages: 
Babel  ǿͬʱԻϵĻң 
My outstanding memory of the diplomatic reception is of elegantly dressed guests chattering in a babel of tongues. 
Ҷ⽻ӴͻļǴŸŵĿ÷ǳӵੲ 
?
For those who find that too much noise makes them ill,it will come as no surprise that the wordnoise  possibly can be traced back to the Latin word nausea,  seasickness, feeling of 
sickness. Our wordsnausea  and noise  are doublets, that is, words borrowed in different forms from the same word.Nausea,  first recorded probably before 1425, was borrowed 
directly from Latin.Noise, on the other hand, first recorded around the beginning of the 13th century, came to us through Old French,probably ultimately from Latin,which explains its 
change in form.The unrecorded change in sense probably took place in Vulgar Latin.Old Frenchnois,  descended from Latin nausea,  meant sound, din, uproar, quarrel, all senses 
that came into Middle English with the word.Noise,  however, is an example of how words can change for the better, for a noise can be pleasantas well as unpleasant,as in the sentence 
The only noise was the wind in the pines.
Щ̫ʹǺܲ˵뾪noise ܿܿ׷ݵ nausea δĸо nausea  noise ͬԴʣ Ҳ˵
ͬһʵĲͬʽNausea һμ¼Ҳ1425ǰ ֱһ棬noise Լ13ͳһμ¼ ڹŷʹãԴ
ʽ仯Ͻδ¼ı仯Сŷnois  nausea ֡ת 嶼˴ʽ
ӢȻnoise һݱõķӣ ΪһöģҲǲöģھӡThe only noise was the wind in the pines

= =
noisy
nois.y
AHD:[noiz?] 
D.J.[6n%!zi8]
K.K.[6n%!zi]
adj.ݴʣ
nois.i.er,nois.i.est 
Making noise:

a small, noisy dog.
һֻСġֵĹ
Full of, characterized by, or accompanied by noise:
ֵģӵģлģ
a noisy cafeteria.
ӵ
?
noisily
adv.ʣ
noisiness
n.ʣ

= =
nominal
nom.i.nal
AHD:[n?m-nl] 
D.J.[6nKm*n*l]
K.K.[6n$m*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names.
ֵģģڡ󡢹ڻֵ
Assigned to or bearing a person's name:
ģģָһ˵ֵģ
nominal shares.
Ʊ
Existing in name only.
ϵģֵ
Philosophy Of or relating to nominalism.
ѧ Ψ۵ģڻΨ۵
Insignificantly small; trifling:
΢ģҪģصģ
a nominal sum.
ԵС
Business 
óס 
Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.
ֵģгֵģڡڻһǮ߹Ʊ֤ȯƱֵģǹгֵ
Of, relating to, or being the rate of interest or return without adjustment for compounding or inflation.
ʵģڡڣĩ۳ͨصʻ򳥻
Grammar Of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.
﷨ ԵģڻʻʵĴ
Aerospace Engineering According to plan or design:
̫ѧ ѧ ƻеģݼƻƵģ
a nominal flight check.
еķм
n.Grammar ʣ﷨ 
A word or group of words functioning as a noun.
ԵĴʣΪʵĴʻһ
?
Middle English nominalle [of nouns] 
йӢ nominalle [ʵ] 
from Latin n?3lis} [of names] 
Դ  n?3lis} [ֵ] 
from n?n  n?min- [name] * see  n-men- 
Դ n?n  n?min- [] *μ n-men- 
?
nominally
adv.ʣ

= =
nominate
nom.i.nate
AHD:[n?m-n3t] 
D.J.[6nKm*7ne!t]
K.K.[6n$m*7net]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
nom.i.nat.ed,nom.i.nat.ing,nom.i.nates 
To propose by name as a candidate, especially for election.
Ϊѡˣָѡ
To designate or appoint to an office, a responsibility, or an honor.See Synonyms at appoint 
ίλְָλμ appoint
?
Latin n?3re}  nomin3t- [to name] 
 n?3re}  nomin3t- [] 
from n?n  n?min- [name] * see  n-men- 
Դ n?n  n?min- [] *μ n-men- 
?
nominator
n.ʣ

= =
none
none
AHD:[n?n] 
D.J.[nJn]
K.K.[nJn]
pron.ʣ
No one; not one; nobody:
ûˣûһˣûˣ
None dared to do it.
˭Ҳ
Not any:
ûһ
None of my classmates survived the war.
ҵͬѧս
No part; not any:
ûһ֣ûһ㣺
none of your business.

adv.ʣ
Not at all:

He is none too ill.
һ㶼û
In no way:
޷
The jeans looked none the better for having been washed.
ΪѱϴǼţ޷ȥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n3n 
Դ Ӣ n3n 
ne [no, not] * see  ne 
ne [ûУ] *μ ne 3n [one] * see  oi-no- 3n [һ] *μ oi-no- 
?
It is widely asserted thatnone  is equivalent to no one,  and hence requires a singular verb and singular pronoun: 
ձΪnone ൱ no one  Ҫһʺ͵֮Ӧ 
None of the prisoners was given his soup.  
ûһ˿ ӡ  
It is true thatnone  is etymologically derived from the Old English word 3,  one, but the word has been used as both a singular and a plural noun from Old English onward.The plural 
use can be found in reputable sources such as the King James Bible, Dryden, and Burke;and H.W. Fowler described the traditional rule as a mistake.Either a singular or a plural 
verb is acceptably used in a sentencesuch asNone of the conspirators has  (or have ) been brought to trial.  Whennone  is modified by almost,  however, it is difficult to avoid treating 
the word as a plural: 
ʵģnone ݴԴѧڹӢʻ an һ Ǵ˴ʴӹӢ￪ʼȱʣֱʽ÷ڹ淶ԭʼղķʿʥ
Լ˵Ʒз֡HWհѴͳĹΪһ󡱡ǵǸʾԱھУеͬı߶δ  have )   Ȼ
none  almost ʱ ѱ⽫˴ʵ 
Almost none of the officials were (not was ) interviewed by the committee. 
еĹԱδ was ) ίԱӼ 
None can only be plural in its use in sentences such as None but his most loyal supporters believe  (not believes ) his story.  See Usage Note at every ,neither 
None ھֻøʽ ʵ֧⣬û  believes ) Ĺ  μ every,neither

= =
nonetheless
none.the.less
AHD:[n?nY-ls] 
D.J.[7nJnH*6les]
K.K.[7nJnH*6lWs]
adv.ʣ
Nevertheless; however.
Ȼ

= =
nonsense
non.sense
AHD:[n?nsns, -sns] 
D.J.[6nKn7sens, -s*ns]
K.K.[6n$n7sWns, -s*ns]
n.ʣ
Words or signs having no intelligible meaning:
ϻĴţ
a message that was nonsense until decoded.
֮ǰϢ
Subject matter, behavior, or language that is foolish or absurd.
˵֣޴⡢Ϊ
Extravagant foolishness or frivolity:
Цţȵ޴ȵḡ
a clown's exuberant nonsense.
СḡЦľٶ
Matter of little or no importance or usefulness:
޼ֵԵĶûûҪԵĶ
a chatty letter full of gossip and nonsense.
ö
Insolent talk or behavior; impudence:
ԻΪðʧ
wouldn't take any nonsense from the children.
Ǻ
Genetics A section within a strand of messenger RNA containing a nucleotide triplet that codes for no amino acid. Nonsense cannot be read during protein synthesis and so terminates 
the polypeptide chain.
Ŵѧ ͻ䣬룺һΪްָŴĺʹǺеһ֣ڵʺϳڼ䲻ܱʹֹ

= =
noon
noon
AHD:[n?n] 
D.J.[nu8n]
K.K.[nun]
n.Abbr. n.,N.ʣд n.,N.
Twelve o'clock in the daytime; midday.
磺ʮ㣻
The time or point in the sun's path at which the sun is on the local meridian.Also called  noontide ,noontime 
̫Ϸ֮ʱ֮Ҳ  noontide,noontime
The highest point; the zenith.
ߵ㣺
Archaic Midnight.
 ҹ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
磺ͨһʣ
noon meals; noon meetings.
緹
?
Middle English non 
йӢ non 
from Old English n?n [canonical hour of nones (3] p.m.  in early Middle Ages) 
Դ Ӣ n?n [涨ʱ䣨ڵ]  3㣩 
from Late Latin n??ra)} [ninth (hour after sunrise), nones] 
Դ  n??ra)} [ŵ㣨ճСʱ] 
feminine sing. of Latin n?s [ninth] * see  new? 
  n? [ھ] *μ new? 

= =
nor
nor 1
AHD:[n?r] [nr] ضʱ 
D.J.[n%8][n*]ضʱ 
K.K.[n%r][n*]ضʱ 
conj.Ӵʣ
And not; or not; not either:
Ҳǣ򲻣ҲҲǣ
has neither phoned nor written us; life forms that are neither plants nor animals.
û绰ҲûдŸǣȷֲҲǶ̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
blend of ne [no] * see  no 1
 ne [] *μ no1
or [or] * see  or 1
or [] *μ or1
?
The traditional rule requires thatnor  be used following neither  in expressions in which the negation is carried over to the second element:He is neither able nor  (not or ) willing to go. 
Noris likewise required when a negation is carried over into the second of two independent clauses, in which caseit also triggers inversion of the subject and the auxiliary verb in the 
second clause: 
ͳҪnor  neither 棬 ֱУ񶨷ڵڶ֣ȲҲ  or ) Ըߡ NorڵеĵڶҲʱã ÷УҲ
ڶʵת䣺 
He cannot find anyone now, nor does he expect to find anyone in the future;
ҲκˣԺҲҵκ 
Jane will never compromise with Bill, nor will Bill compromise with Jane. 
ͬȶͽ⣬ȶҲͬͽ⡣ 
When the first negative is expressed bynot  or never,  however, and when the second conjoined element is a verb phrase,the use ofnor  is often optional:  
Ȼһ񶨴not  never  ҵڶᲿǶʶʱnor ÷ͨѡ  
He will not permit the change, or (or nor ) even consider it.  
ı䣬ߣ nor    
When a noun phrase of the typeno this or that  is introduced by no, or  is more common than nor :  
һʶʽno this or that  noor ʱ nor ã  
He has no experience or interest (less frequently nor interest ) in chemistry. 
ڻѧûҲûȤ nor interest )  
Oris also more common than nor  when such a noun phrase, adjective phrase, or adverb phrase is introduced bynot :  
Or± nor ã һʶݴʶ򸱴ʶﱻnot ʱ  
He is not a philosopher or a statesman.
ȲѧҲμҡ
We were not rich or happy. See Usage Note at neither ,or 1
ǼȲҲ μ neither,or1
?
nor
nor 2
AHD:[n?r, nr] ضʱ 
D.J.[n%8, n*]ضʱ 
K.K.[n%r, n*]ضʱ 
conj.Regional Ӵʣġ 
Than.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
perhaps ultimately from nor [nor] * see  nor 1
Դ nor [] *μ nor1
?
NOR
NOR
AHD:[n?r] 
D.J.[n%8]
K.K.[n%r]
n.ʣ
A logical operator that consists of a logical OR followed by a logical NOT and returns a true value only if both operands are false.
ǣ߼ǽ߼֮󹹳ɵ߼ӾΪʱŷ

= =
norm
norm
AHD:[n?rm] 
D.J.[n%8m]
K.K.[n%rm]
n.ʣ
A standard, model, or pattern regarded as typical:
ģΪ͵ı׼ģͣʽ
the current middle-class norm of two children per family.
ֽÿӵв׼
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A mode.
ģ
An average.
ƽ
The length of a vector.

?
French norme 
 norme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin norma [carpenter's square, norm] * see  gn?- 
Դ  norma [ľֱǹ棬淶] *μ gn?- 

= =
normal
nor.mal
AHD:[n?rml] 
D.J.[6n%8m*l]
K.K.[6n%rm*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. norm.Conforming with, adhering to, or constituting a norm, standard, pattern, level, or type; typical:
д norm.ģϡѭ򹹳һ׼򡢱׼ʽˮƽʽģ͵ģ
normal room temperature; one's normal weight; normal diplomatic relations.
׼£أ⽻ϵ
Abbr. norm.Biology Functioning or occurring in a natural way; lacking observable abnormalities or deficiencies.
д norm.ѧ ȻģδߵģһȻķʽģȱԵĲȱݵ
Abbr. n,N,n.Chemistry 
д n,N,n.ѧ 
Designating a solution having one gram equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution.
ԵģָƽҺÿҺкһ˵ʵ
Designating an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a straight and unbranched chain of carbon atoms.
ģָ̼֬⻯ﺬһֱ޷֦̼ԭ
Abbr. norm.Mathematics Being at right angles; perpendicular.
д norm.ѧ ֱģֱǵ
Abbr. norm.
д norm.
Relating to or characterized by average intelligence or development.
ģ漰ƽչˮƽģ
Free from emotional disorder.
ģûҵ
n.Abbr. norm.ʣд norm.
Something normal; the standard:
̬׼
scored close to the normal.
÷ֽ
The usual or expected state, form, amount, or degree.
״̬ͨĻ״̬ɡ̶
Correspondence to a norm.
ƽ׼һ
An average.
ƽ
Mathematics A perpendicular, especially a perpendicular to a line tangent to a plane curve or to a plane tangent to a space curve.
ѧ һֱߣָһһƽߵߴֱ߻һһռߵƽߴֱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin norm3s 
Դ  norm3s 
from Latin [made according to the square] 
Դ  [ֱǹ] 
from norma [carpenter's square] * see  gn?- 
Դ norma [ľֱǹ] *μ gn?- 
?
normally
adv.ʣ
?
normal,regular,natural,typical
These adjectives mean not deviating from what is common, usual, or to be expected.
ЩݴΪƫġͨĻ
 Normal  stresses adherence to an established standard, model, or pattern: 
 Normal  ǿѽı׼ģͻʽ 
normal body temperature;
£
normal curiosity.
ĺġ
Regular  indicates unvarying conformity with a fixed rule or principle or a uniform procedure: 
Regular  ָطѶĹ򡢷ͳһĲ裺 
her regular bedtime;
Ϣʱ䣻
regular attendance at school. What isnatural  is proper to, consonant with, or in accord with one's inherent nature or character:  
ʱУ Natural ݹСлĳԻص  
a natural fear of nuclear war;
ԺսܵĿ־壻
a grandparent's natural affection for a grandchild.
游ĸȻϲ
Typical   stresses adherence to those qualities, traits, or characteristics that identify a kind, group, or category: 
Typical  ǿЩһ֡һһʻص㣺 
a typical American;
͵ˣ
a painting typical of the Impressionist school. 
͵ӡɻ 
?
Normal
Nor.mal
AHD:[n?rml] 
D.J.[6n%8m*l]
K.K.[6n%rm*l]
NONE޴ԣ
A town of central Illinois north-northeast of Bloomington. It is the seat of Illinois State University (founded 1857). Population, 40,023.
Ŭ³ٶƫŵ˹ĵСŵ˹ݴѧ1857꣩ڵء˿40,023

= =
north
north
AHD:[n?rth] 
D.J.[n%8G]
K.K.[n%rG]
n.Abbr. N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.ʣд N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.
The direction along a meridian 90= counterclockwise from east; the direction to the left of sunrise.
Ӷʱ뷽90Ⱦߵķճʱߵķ
The cardinal point on the mariner's compass located at 0=.
ˮλ0ȵĻ
An area or a region lying in the north.
λڱĵ
Often North 
  North 
The northern part of the earth.
ı
The northern part of a region or country.
ҵı
North The northern part of the United States, especially the states that fought for the Union in the Civil War.
 North ݣıָϱսʱΪս
adj.Abbr. N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.ݴʣд N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.
To, toward, of, facing, or in the north.
ģȥ泯ڱ
Originating in or coming from the north:
ԴԻԱģ
a cold north wind.
ı
adv.Abbr. N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.ʣд N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.,Nor.
In, from, or toward the north.
ڣӻ򳯱
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English north * see  ner- 1
Դ Ӣ north *μ ner- 1
?
North
NorthFrederick (Second Earl of Guilford)  Known as Lord North.(1732-1792)
NONE޴ԣ
British politician who served as prime minister (1770-1782) under George III and instituted policies that led to the rebellion of the American colonies.
ŵ˼׵ˣ(1732-1792) Ӣμңʱ(1770-1782꣩˵ֳطķ
?
North
NorthSir Thomas (1535?-1601?)
NONE޴ԣ
English translator whose edition of the works of Plutarch served as a source for many of Shakespeare's plays.
ŵ˼ʿ˹(1535?-1601?) ӢңĹ³ؿİ汾ɯʿϷԴ

= =
northeast
north.east
AHD:[n?rth-?st, n?r-?st] 
D.J.[n%8G6i8st, n%8r6i8st]
K.K.[n%rG6ist, n%r6ist]
n.Abbr. NEʣд NE
The direction or point on the mariner's compass halfway between due north and due east, or 45= east of due north.
ˮϵķ㣬м䣬ƫ45
An area or a region lying in the northeast.
λڶ
Northeast A region of the northeast United States, generally including the New England states, New York, and sometimes Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
 Northeast ĵ°ӢݣŦԼʱҲϦݺ
adj.Abbr. NEݴʣд NE
To, toward, of, facing, or in the northeast.
ģ򣬳ǣԻڶ
Originating in or coming from the northeast:
ԴԶģ
a northeast wind.

adv.Abbr. NEʣд NE
In, from, or toward the northeast.
ڣӻ򳯶
?
northeastern
adj.ݴʣ

= =
northern
north.ern
AHD:[n?rYrn] 
D.J.[6n%8H*n]
K.K.[6n%rH*n]
adj.Abbr. N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.ݴʣд N,N.,n,n.,No.,no.
Situated in, toward, or facing the north.
ģλڣ泯
Coming from the north:
Աģ
northern breezes.
Աĺͷ
Native to or growing in the north.
ڻڱ
Often Northern Of, relating to, or characteristic of northern regions or the North.
  Northern бصģǣ롭йأб򱱷ص
Being north of the equator.
Ա
?
Middle English northerne 
йӢ northerne 
from Old English * see  ner- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ ner- 1
?
northernness
n.ʣ

= =
northwest
north.west
AHD:[n?rth-wst, n?r-wst] 
D.J.[n%8G6west, n%86west]
K.K.[n%rG6wWst, n%r6wWst]
n.Abbr. NWʣд NW
The direction or point on the mariner's compass halfway between due north and due west, or 45= west of due north.
ƫˮϵķ㣬м䣬ƫ45
An area or a region lying in the northwest.
ĵ
Northwest 
 Northwest 
A historical region of the north-central United States west of the Mississippi River and north of the Missouri River.
бһʷϵĵȺӱ
A region of the northwest United States, generally including Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
ĵϰʢ١ոԺͰ
adj.Abbr. NWݴʣд NW
To, toward, of, facing, or in the northwest.
ģ򣬳ǣ
Originating in or coming from the northwest:
Դڻģ
a northwest wind.

adv.Abbr. NWʣд NW
In, from, or toward the northwest.
أԻ
?
northwestern
adj.ݴʣ

= =
nose
nose
AHD:[n?z] 
D.J.[n*&z]
K.K.[noz]
n.ʣ
The part of the human face or the forward part of the head of other vertebrates that contains the nostrils and organs of smell and forms the beginning of the respiratory tract.
ӣһֻ׵ͷǰĲ֣ǿסٺͺʼ
The sense of smell:

a dog with a good nose.
Ĺ
The ability to detect, sense, or discover as if by smell:
о졢оֵ
has a nose for gossip.
ڰŪǷ
The characteristic smell of a wine or liqueur; bouquet.
㣺Ѿƻصζ
Informal The nose considered as a symbol of prying:
ʽ ̽̽ΪǴ̽ıӣ
Keep your nose out of my business.
Ҫҵ
Something, such as the forward end of an aircraft, a rocket, or a submarine, that resembles a nose in shape or position.
ĳЩ״λڱӶɻǱˮͧǰ
v.ʣ
nosed,nos.ing,nos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To find out by or as if by smell:
ƾƾҳ
nosed out the thieves' hiding place.
ҳĲ֮
To touch with the nose; nuzzle.
ñӴԱѹ
To move, push, or make with or as if with the nose.
ñƽñӻƺñŲƻ
To advance the forward part of cautiously:
Сĵǰ
nosed the car into the flow of traffic.
ʻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To smell or sniff.

Informal To search or inquire meddlesomely; snoop or pry:
ʽ ̽̽µѲѯʣ̽̽
nosing around looking for opportunities.
ʲôû
To advance with caution:
Сǰ
The ship nosed into its berth.
ҴСĵֻһľ
?
nose out
To defeat by a narrow margin.
ʤԷ
?
down (one's) noseʽ
With disapproval, contempt, or arrogance:
в޳ɡӺͿ
Year-round residents here look down their noses at the summer people.
סڴ˵˰ضԴ
on the nose
Exactly; precisely:
ǡõأȷأ
predicted the final score on the nose.
ȷԤ
under (someone's) nose
In plain view:
Եأ
The keys are right under your nose.
Կ׾
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English nosu * see  nas- 
Դ Ӣ nosu *μ nas- 

= =
not
not
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[nKt]
K.K.[n$t]
adv.ʣ
In no way; to no degree. Used to express negation, denial, refusal, or prohibition:
ûа취ĳһ̶ȡʾ񶨡ֹܾ
I will not go. You may not have any.
Ҳȥ㲻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of naught, nought * see  naught 
 naughtı仯, nought *μ naught
?
Care should be taken with the placement ofnot  and other negatives in a sentence in order to avoid ambiguity. All elephants are not friendly  could be taken to mean either All 
elephants are unfriendly or Not all elephants are friendly. Similarly, the sentenceKim didn't sleep until noon  could mean either Kim went to sleep at noon or Kim got up 
before noon.  In formal writingthenot only . . . but also  construction should be used in such a way that each of its elements is followed by a construction of the same type.Instead 
ofShe not only bought a new car but a new lawnmower,  write She bought not only a new car but a new lawnmower;  in the second version, bothnot only  and but also  are followed by 
noun phrases.  In thenot only  construction also  is often omitted when the second part of the sentence merely intensifies the first:  
Ϊ˼ģھзnot 񶨴ʱСģ All elephants are not friendly ɱΪеĴ󶼲Ѻá򡰲еĴѺá ƣKim 
didn't sleep until noon ԱΪķȥ˯򡰿ķǰ𴲡 ʽд,not onlybut also ṹӦã ÿһɷֺ󶼸һͬʽĽṹӦ
She not only bought a new car but a new lawnmower д She bought not only a new car but a new lawnmower  ڵڶnot only  but also 󶼸ʶ ڶ
ֻǿһʱnot only ṹ also ͨʡԣ  
She is not only smart but brilliant.
˶ҲŻ硣
He not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately. See Usage Note at only 
ҪʯҪҪ μ only
?
NOT
NOT
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[nKt]
K.K.[n$t]
n.ʣ
A logical operator that returns a false value if the operand is true and a true value if the operand is false.
ǣΪ淵ؼֵΪٷֵ߼

= =
notable
no.ta.ble
AHD:[n?t-bl] 
D.J.[6n*&t*b*l]
K.K.[6not*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Worthy of note or notice; remarkable:
ģֵעģģ
notable beauty; sled dogs that are notable for their stamina.
עĿˣѩ˹ǵ
Characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent:
Ļڲͬصģͻģ
formed a commission of notable citizens.See Synonyms at noted 
һرίԱμ noted
n.ʣ
A person of distinction or great reputation.See Synonyms at celebrity 
ˣڲͬм˲μ celebrity
Often Notable One of a council of prominent persons in pre-Revolutionary France called into assembly to deliberate at times of emergency.
  Notable ӦԹ󣺷ǰҪԱһԱڽʱ̱ٵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin not3s 
Դ  not3s 
from not3e [to note] 
Դ not3e [ע] 
from nota [note] * see  note 
Դ nota [ע] *μ note
?
notableness
n.ʣ
notably
adv.ʣ

= =
notation
no.ta.tion
AHD:[n?-t3shn] 
D.J.[n*&6te!.*n]
K.K.[no6te.*n]
n.ʣ
A system of figures or symbols used in a specialized field to represent numbers, quantities, tones, or values:
־ͼϵͳʾֵ֡
musical notation.
ַ
The act or process of using such a system.
ע⣺ʹ׷ŵΪ
A brief note; an annotation:
Ǻţţ
marginal notations.
ҳע
?
Latin not3?}  not3ti?n- 
 not3?}  not3ti?n- 
from not3s [past participle of] not3re [to note] 
Դ not3s  [] not3reĹȥִ [ע] 
from nota [note] * see  note 
Դ nota [ע] *μ note
?
notational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
note
note
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[n*&t]
K.K.[not]
n.Abbr. n.ʣд n.
A brief record, especially one written down to aid the memory:
ʼǣһ̵ļ¼ָдΪļ¼
took notes during the lecture.
Ͽʼ
A brief informal letter.See Synonyms at letter 
̼㣺̷ʽŲμ letter
A formal written diplomatic or official communication.
ʽļʽ⽻ٷļ
A comment or an explanation, as on a passage in a text.
עͣͣڿĵһеע
A piece of paper currency.
ֽңһֽֽ
A certificate issued by a government or a bank and sometimes negotiable as money.
Ʊݣȷ֤ݣʱǮ
A promissory note.
Ʊ
Music 
֡ 
A tone of definite pitch.
ߣһߵ
A symbol for such a tone, indicating pitch by its position on the staff and duration by its shape.
״ױϵλñʾһߵķ
A key of an instrument, such as a piano.
ټٻļ
The characteristic vocal sound made by a songbird or other animal:
ص
the clear note of a cardinal.
ȸĸ
The sign of a particular quality or emotion:
ĳʻе
ended his plea on a note of despair; a note of gaiety in her manner.See Synonyms at sign 
ھнֹ͸¶μ sign
Importance; consequence:
Ҫԣ
Nothing of note happened.
ûʲôҪ·
Notice; observation:
ע⣻֣
quietly took note of the scene.
ĵע龰
Obsolete A song, melody, or tune.
 ʣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
not.ed,not.ing,notes 
To observe carefully; notice.See Synonyms at see 1
ע⣺ϸĵطֲμ see1
To make a note of; write down:
£ʼǣд£
noted the time of each arrival.
ÿεʱ
To show; indicate:
ʾ
a reporter who is careful to note sources of information.
ϸָϢԴļ
To make mention of; remark:
˵𡭣̸
noted the lateness of their arrival.
̸ǵĳٵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin nota [annotation] * see  gn?- 
Դ  nota [ע] *μ gn?- 
?
noter
n.ʣ

= =
notebook
note.book
AHD:[n?tb?k] 
D.J.[6n*&t7b&k]
K.K.[6not7b&k]
n.ʣ
A book of blank pages for notes.
ʼǱ

= =
nothing
noth.ing
AHD:[n?th1ng] 
D.J.[6nJG!0]
K.K.[6nJG!0]
pron.ʣ
No thing; not anything:
ʲôҲûûκ
The box contained nothing. I've heard nothing about it.
ʲôҲûСʲôҲû˵
No part; no portion:
գޣ
Nothing remains of the old house but the cellar hole.
ϷӳСªľƽ֮ʲôҲû
One of no consequence, significance, or interest:
ûӰ죺ûκνֵҪԵ˻£
The new nonsmoking policy is nothing to me.
µĽ̷ûӰ
n.ʣ
Something that has no existence.
ڵ
Something that has no quantitative value; zero:
ûֵ㣺
a score of two to nothing.
ıȷ
One that has no substance or importance; a nonentity:
ҪĶûʵԻҪԵ˻£ڣ
A nothing is a dreadful thing to hold onto(Edna O'Brien)
һµ顱(ȡ²)
adj.ݴʣ
Insignificant or worthless:
ģ޼ֵģ
the utterly nothing role of a wealthy suitor(Bosley Crowther)
һе׷һҲʲô(˹סɪ)
adv.ʣ
In no way or degree; not at all:
һҲκη̶϶
She looks nothing like her sister.
һҲ
?
nothing doingʽ
Certainly not.
Ȼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n3g 
Դ Ӣ n3g 
n3} [no] * see  no 2
n3} [û] *μ no2
thing [thing] * see  thing 
thing [] *μ thing
?
According to the traditional rule,nothing  is invariably treated as a singular, even when followed by an exception phrase containing a plural noun: 
ݴͳnothing ʼΪһ Ŀ־֮ûʲô赲һʵĴʱҲ⣺ 
Nothing except your fears stands (not stand ) in your way. 
Ŀ־֮ûʲô stand ) 赲㡣 
Nothing but roses meets (not meet ) the eye.  
õûʲô meet ) ע⡣  

= =
notice
no.tice
AHD:[n?t1s] 
D.J.[6n*&t!s]
K.K.[6not!s]
n.ʣ
The act of noting or observing; perception or attention:
ע⣺עֵΪ
That detail escaped my notice.
ûע⵽ϸ
Respectful attention or consideration:
ģ𾴵עǣ
grateful for the teacher's notice.
мʦĹ
A written or printed announcement:
棺ӡˢͨ棺
a notice of sale.
֪ͨ
A formal announcement, notification, or warning, especially an announcement of one's intention to withdraw from an agreement or leave a job:
ʽ֪ͨĳʽָ֪ĳ˳Эְ֪ͨ
give one's employer two weeks' notice; raised the price without notice.
ȸ߹ְܺûͨǼ
The condition of being formally warned or notified:
ʽ棺ʽע״̬
put us on notice for chronic lateness.
򾭳ٵǵֹڹ
A printed critical review, as of a play or book.
ӡˢۣһϷһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
no.ticed,no.tic.ing,no.tic.es 
To take notice of; observe:
ע⡭
noticed a figure in the doorway.See Synonyms at see 1
ע⵽ϵӰμ see1
To perceive with the mind; detect:
Ĺ۲죻飺
noticed several discrepancies.
עԼ
To comment on; mention.
ۡἰ
To treat with courteous attention.
ע𾴵ضԴ
To give or file a notice of:
֪ͨ
noticed the court case for next Tuesday.
֪ͨϯܶķͥ
?
Middle English [knowledge] 
йӢ [֪ʶ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin n?a 
Դ  n?a 
from n?s [known] [past participle of] n?scere [to get to know] * see  gn?- 
Դ n?s [֪]  [] n?scereĹȥִ [ʼ֪] *μ gn?- 

= =
noticeable
no.tice.a.ble
AHD:[n?t1-s-bl] 
D.J.[6n*&t!s*b*l]
K.K.[6not!s*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Evident; observable:
Եģܱģ
noticeable changes in temperature; a noticeable lack of friendliness.
ı仯ԵȱѺ
Worthy of notice; significant.
Ҫģֵעģ
?
noticeability
n.ʣ
noticeably
adv.ʣ
?
noticeable,observable,marked,conspicuous,prominent,outstanding,salient,remarkable,signal,arresting,striking
These adjectives mean attracting notice.
ЩΪע⡣
 Noticeable   andobservable  both refer to something that can be readily noticed or observed:  
 Noticeable  observable ܱע  
His long, feminine eyelashes were very noticeable (Joseph Conrad). 
ǳģŮƵĽëע⡱ Լɪ򡤿£ 
The movements of the prowler were observable from the window. What ismarked  is emphatically evident:  
ӴǺע⵽߶ǻߡ Marked ݵǸע  
He walks with a marked limp.
Եһȳһյߡ
The play is a marked success.
Ϸɹ
Conspicuous  applies to what is immediately apparent and noteworthy: 
Conspicuous  Իֵע 
Her outlandish attire made her conspicuous in the crowd.
ķʹȺкܴۡ
Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of repuability to the gentleman of leisure (Thorstein Veblen).
ԹƷעĿʿǵ ˹Τף
 Prominent   andoutstanding  connote a standing out among others, especially others of its kind:  
 Prominent  outstonding ʾˣָͬеһЩ  
A new theory of the origin of language is the most prominent feature of the book.
ԴⱾһص㡣
Einstein and Churchill were among the outstanding figures of the 20th century. What issalient  is so prominent and consequential that it seems to leap out and claim the attention:  
˹̹𼪶20ͽܳ Salient ָǳҪע⣺  
Defenders of the pit bull always seem to miss the salient point that it is the ferocity of the bite, not the number of bites, that has made the dog so feared today (Sports Illustrated).
ͷıƺǺؼһ㣬ҧͶҧĴʹù˿¡ ˹ȡ˹е£
 Remarkable  describes what elicits comment because it is unusual or extraordinary: 
 Remarkable  ʾЩƽͽۣܳ 
This story of Mongolian conquests is surely the most remarkable in all history (H.G. Wells).
ɹߵĹʷͻĲ֡ (HG˹
 Signal  suggests that something is notably remarkable: 
 Signal  ָĳ£ 
I had an Opportunity of doing his Majesty . . . a most signal Service (Jonathan Swift).
лΪ·һٵʹ ɭ˹أ
 Arresting  applies to what attracts and holds the attention:
 Arresting  ָץסעģ
The Miraculous Mandarinis one of Bartk's most arresting compositions. 
˼ĴٹˡǰͶпעĿƷ֮һ 
Striking  describes something that seizes the attention and produces a vivid impression on the sight or the mind: 
Striking  ָЩӾעͲӡ 
The child bears a striking resemblance to the parents. See also Synonyms at  perceptible 
Ӽĸ μͬ perceptible

= =
notify
no.ti.fy
AHD:[n?t-fo] 
D.J.[6n*&t*7fa!]
K.K.[6not*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
no.ti.fied,no.ti.fy.ing,no.ti.fies 
To give notice to; inform:
ע⣻֪ͨ
notified the citizens of the curfew by posting signs.
ʼı־֪ͨ
Chiefly British To give notice of; make known.
Ӣ ֪ͨʹΪ֪
?
Middle English notifien 
йӢ notifien 
from Old French notifier 
Դ ŷ notifier 
from Latin n?3re} 
Դ  n?3re} 
notus [known] [past participle of] n?scere [to get to know] * see  gn?- 
notus [֪]  [] n?scereĹȥִ [֪] *μ gn?- 
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [-fy] 
?
notifier
n.ʣ

= =
notion
no.tion
AHD:[n?shn] 
D.J.[6n*&.*n]
K.K.[6no.*n]
n.ʣ
A belief or opinion.
˼
A mental image or representation; an idea or conception.
뷨˼
A fanciful impulse; a whim.See Synonyms at idea 
⣬ʶ룬Ƿǵͷμ idea
notions Small lightweight items for household use, such as needles, buttons, and thread.
 notions ɵ⣺ڰٻ̵۵ļСƷõߣťۣ
?
Middle English nocioun [concept] 
йӢ nocioun [] 
from Latin n??}  n?ti?n- 
Դ  n??}  n?ti?n- 
from n?s [known] [past participle of] n?scere [to get to know] * see  gn?- 
Դ n?s [֪]  [] n?scereĹȥִ [֪] *μ gn?- 

= =
notorious
no.to.ri.ous
AHD:[n?-t?r?-s, -t?r-] 
D.J.[n*&6t%8ri8*s, -6t*&r-]
K.K.[no6t%ri*s, -6tor-]
adj.ݴʣ
Known widely and usually unfavorably; infamous:
ǽģõģ֪ģͨв޳ɵζǽģ
a notorious gangster; a district notorious for vice.
ķͽжĵ
?
From Medieval Latin n??rius} [well-known] 
Դ  n??rius} [֪] 
from Latin n?s [known] [past participle of] n?scere [to get to know] * see  gn?- 
Դ  n?s [֪]  [] n?scereĹȥִ [֪] *μ gn?- 
?
notoriously
adv.ʣ
notoriousness
n.ʣ

= =
notwithstanding
not.with.stand.ing
AHD:[n?tw1th-st2nd1ng, -w1Y-] 
D.J.[7nKtw!G6st#nd!0, -w!H-]
K.K.[7n$tw!G6st#nd!0, -w!H-]
prep.ʣ
In spite of:
Ȼǣ
The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.
꣬Ȼ
adv.ʣ
All the same; nevertheless:
νȻ
We proceeded, notwithstanding.
Ȼǰ
conj.Ӵʣ
In spite of the fact that; although.
Ȼ
?
Middle English notwithstandinge  translation of Medieval Latin n?e * see  non obstante 
йӢ notwithstandinge    n? *μ non obstante
not [not] * see  not 
not [] *μ not
withstanding [present participle of] withstanden [to resist] * see  withstand 
withstanding  [] withstandenڷִ [ֿ] *μ withstand

= =
noun
noun
AHD:[noun] 
D.J.[na&n]
K.K.[na&n]
n.Abbr. n.Grammar ʣд n.﷨ 
A word that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action and can function as the subject or object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or an appositive.
ʣʾƣˡء¡ʻΪĴʣΪʵ򶯴ʵıʵıͬλ
?
Middle English [name, noun] 
йӢ [֣] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin n?n  n?min- * see  n-men- 
Դ  n?n  n?min- *μ n-men- 

= =
nourish
nour.ish
AHD:[n?r1sh, n?r-] 
D.J.[6nT8r!., 6nJr-]
K.K.[6nPr!., 6nJr-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
nour.ished,nour.ish.ing,nour.ish.es 
To provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed.
Ϊͳɳṩʳʣι
To foster the development of; promote:
ٷչ
Athens was an imperial city, nourished by the tribute of subjects(V. Gordon Childe)
ŵһ۹ɹ(V.ǡ)
To keep alive; maintain:
ʹ棻֣
nourish a hope.
ϣ
?
Middle English norishen 
йӢ norishen 
from Old French norrir  norriss- 
Դ ŷ norrir  norriss- 
from Vulgar Latin *nutroe 
Դ  *nutroe 
from Latin n?ore} * see  (s)n3u- 
Դ  n?ore} *μ (s)n3u- 
?
nourisher
n.ʣ

= =
novel
novel 1
AHD:[n?vl] 
D.J.[6nKv*l]
K.K.[6n$v*l]
n.ʣ
A fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters.
С˵鹹£һȣرͨΪԣ˼չ
The literary genre represented by novels.
С˵ֵѧ
?
Ultimately from Italian novella 
Դ  novella 
from Old Italian [piece of news, chit-chat, tale] 
Դ  [ţ̸] 
from Vulgar Latin *novella 
Դ  *novella 
from neuter pl. of Latin novellus [diminutive of] novus [new] * see  newo- 
Դ  novellusԸ  [] novusС׺ [µ] *μ newo- 
?
novel
novel 2
AHD:[n?vl] 
D.J.[6nKv*l]
K.K.[6n$v*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Strikingly new, unusual, or different.See Synonyms at new 
ģӱġƽĻͬĲμ new
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin novellus [diminutive of] novus * see  newo- 
Դ  novellus  [] novusС׺ *μ newo- 
?
novelly
adv.ʣ

= =
novelty
nov.el.ty
AHD:[n?vl-t?] 
D.J.[6nKv*lti8]
K.K.[6n$v*lti]
n.ʣ
 nov.el.ties 
The quality of being novel; newness.
棺ӱʣ
Something new and unusual; an innovation.
µĺͲƽ
A small mass-produced article, such as a toy or trinket.
С´С߻СװƷ

= =
now
now
AHD:[nou] 
D.J.[na&]
K.K.[na&]
adv.ʣ
At the present time:
ڣ
goods now on sale; the now aging dictator.
ۻ˥ȥĶ
At once; immediately:
̣
Stop now.
ֹͣ
In the immediate past; very recently:
ոգ
left the room just now.
뿪
At this point in the series of events; then:
һϵ¼һ㣻ʱ
The ship was now listing to port.
ʱۿڿ
Nowadays.

In these circumstances; as things are:
ЩУǣ
Now we won't be able to stay.
ǲ
Used to introduce a command, reproof, or request:
ǴҪ
Now pay attention.
ע
Used to indicate a change of subject or to preface a remark:
ʾı仯Ϊǣ
Now, let's get down to work.
ڣͷ!
conj.Ӵʣ
Seeing that; since:
ΪȻ
 Now that spring is here, we can expect milder weather.
ڴˣǿº͵
n.ʣ
The present time or moment:
˿̣ʱ
wouldn't work up to now.
ڶϹ
adj.ݴʣ
Of the present time; current:
ڵģʱµģ
our now governor.
ֽݳ
Slang Currently fashionable; trendy:
ٵ ֽʱֵģģ
the now sound of this new rock band.
֧ҡֶӵ
?
now and again 
now and then
Occasionally.
ż
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English n?} * see  nu- 
Դ Ӣ n?} *μ nu- 
?
nowness
n.ʣ
?
NOW
NOW
abbr.
National Organization for Women.
ҸŮ֯

= =
nowadays
now.a.days
AHD:[nou-d3z] 
D.J.[6na&*7de!z]
K.K.[6na&*7dez]
adv.ʣ
During the present time; now.
ڣ
?
Middle English nouadaies 
йӢ nouadaies 
nou [now] * see  now 
nou [] *μ now
a  variant of on [on] * see  on 
a   onı [ڡ] *μ on
daies [genitive of] dai [day] * see  day 
daies  [] daiи [] *μ day

= =
nowhere
no.where
AHD:[n?hwar, -war] 
D.J.[6n*&7hwe*, -7we*]
K.K.[6no7hwWr, -7wWr]
adv.ʣ
Not anywhere.
û
To no place or result:
û޽
protested the ruling but got nowhere.
Է޽
n.ʣ
A remote or unknown place:
ģңԶ֪ĵط
a cabin in the middle of nowhere.
֪ʲôĵС

= =
nuclear
nu.cle.ar
AHD:[n?kl?-r, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8kli8*, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nukli+, 6nju-]
adj.ݴʣ
Biology Of, relating to, or forming a nucleus:
ѧ ϸ˵ģϸ˵ġ֮ػ֮γɵģ
a nuclear membrane.
ϸĤ
Physics Of or relating to atomic nuclei.
ѧ ԭӺ˵ĻԭӺ˵
Using or derived from the energy of atomic nuclei; atomic.
ԭӺܵģԭӺܵģԭӺеóģԭܵ
Of, using, or possessing atomic or hydrogen bombs:
ԭӵⵯģڣʹûӵԭӵⵯģ
nuclear war; nuclear nations.
սк˹
?
From nucleus 
Դ nucleus

= =
nucleus
nu.cle.us
AHD:[n?kl?-s, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8kli8*s, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nukli*s, 6nju-]
n.ʣ
 nu.cle.i[-kl?-o]   nu.cle.us.es  
A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core:
ˣģģĻĲֱ֣ۼϵΧģ
the nucleus of a city.

Something regarded as a basis for future development and growth; a kernel:
㣬ʼΪһչĻģ
a few paintings that formed the nucleus of a great art collection.
һղصļŻ
Biology A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell, containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and 
reproduction.
ѧ ϸˣϸ֮ڴġĤġΪεϸʽṹϸŴʲ³´лͷֳ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
The central kernel of a nut or seed.
ʣĵ
The center of a starch granule.
ۿ
Anatomy A group of specialized nerve cells or a localized mass of gray matter in the brain or spinal cord.
ѧ 񾭺ˣһרŵϸڴԻлʵľֲ
Physics The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons and containing almost all of the mass of the atom.
ѧ ԭӺˣԭӵĲ֣Ӻӹɣԭӵȫ
Chemistry A group of atoms bound in a structure, such as a benzene ring, that is resistant to alteration in chemical reactions.
ѧ ˣΧڿѧӦ仯Ľṹеһԭӣ籽
Astronomy 
ѧ 
The central portion of the head of a comet.
ˣͷĲ
The central or brightest part of a nebula or galaxy.
ˣƻӵĻ
Meteorology A particle on which water vapor molecules accumulate in free air to form a droplet or ice crystal.
ѧ ˣˮϻ۲ɿγСλ
?
Latin nuculeus, nucleus [kernel] 
 nuculeus, nucleus [ˣ] 
from nucula [little nut] 
Դ nucula [С] 
diminutive of nux  nuc- [nut] 
 nuxС׺  nuc- [] 

= =
nuisance
nui.sance
AHD:[n?sns, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8s*ns, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6nus*ns, 6nju-]
n.ʣ
One that is inconvenient, annoying, or vexatious; a bother:
Ķ˲ġ˵ġĶ˵Ķ
Having to stand in line was a nuisance. The disruptive child was a nuisance to the class.
òŶᡣѧȫ
Law A use of property or course of conduct that interferes with the legal rights of others by causing damage, annoyance, or inconvenience.
ɡ 𺦣ƲʹûΪĹͨ𺦡˻򲻱˵ĺϷȨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from nuire  nuis- [to harm] 
Դ nuire  nuis- [˺] 
from Vulgar Latin *nocere 
Դ  *nocere 
from Latin noc?e * see  nek- 1
Դ  noc?e *μ nek- 1

= =
number
num.ber
AHD:[n?mbr] 
D.J.[6nJmb*]
K.K.[6nJmb+]
n.ʣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A member of the set of positive integers; one of a series of symbols of unique meaning in a fixed order that can be derived by counting.
еһԪܹԼóһ̶˳еһϵֻΨһķеһ
A member of any of the further sets of mathematical objects, such as negative integers and real numbers, that can be derived from the positive integers by induction.
ѧеһԪ縺ʵͨó
numbers Arithmetic.
 numbers 
Abbr. no.,n.,num.,No.
д no.,n.,num.,No.
A symbol or word used to represent a number.
֣ʾķŻ
A numeral or a series of numerals used for reference or identification:
ţ룺ʾջʶһֻһϵ֣
his telephone number; the apartment number.
ĵ绰룻
A position in an ordered sequence that corresponds to one of the positive integers:
ţλһ˳ϵеλã
the house that is number three from the corner; ranked number six in her class.
ӹսǴĵӣİŵλ
One item in a group or series considered to be in numerical order:
һڣһ᣺˳еһһϵеһ
an old number of a magazine.
һھ־
A total; a sum:
ܺͣ
the number of feet in a mile.
һӢӢ
An indefinite quantity of units or individuals:
岻ȷ
The crowd was small in number. A number of people complained about the poor lighting in the museum.
Ⱥ˵ࡣ˱Թ
numbers 
 numbers 
A large quantity; a multitude:

Numbers of people visited the fair.
˲μƷչ
Numerical superiority:
Խ
The South had leaders, the North numbers.
Ϸ쵼ϵƣϵ
Grammar The indication, as by inflection, of the singularity or plurality of a linguistic form.
﷨ ͨ۱仯ʽıʾ
numbers 
 numbers 
Metrical feet or lines; verses:
ɵֻʫУģ
These numbers will I tear, and write in prose(Shakespeare)
Ҫȥģɢĵʽд(ɯʿ)
Obsolete Poetic meter.
 ʫ
numbers Archaic Musical periods or measures.
 numbers  ֵֽڻ
numbers (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Games A numbers game.
 numbers 뵥ãϷ ƱĲ
Numbers (used with a sing. verb)Abbr. Nb.,Num.Bible See table at Bible 
 Numbers 뵥ãд Nb.,Num.ʥ μ Bible
One of the separate offerings in a program of music or other entertainment:
һһĿֱֻеĶһΣ
The band's second number was a ballad.
ֶӵĵڶĿǰ
Slang A frequently repeated, characteristic speech, argument, or performance:
ٵ һףظĵ͵ԡ۱Ϊ
The suspects will do their usual numberprotesting innocenceand then confess.
ɷʹһԭʼ绤Լ--Ȼ̹
Slang A person or thing singled out for a particular characteristic:
ٵ ص˻£ʾظԵ˻£
a suspect who was a crafty number.
ƻɷ
v.ʣ
num.bered,num.ber.ing,num.bers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assign a number to.

To determine the number or amount of; count.

To total in number or amount; add up to.
ܼƣܼܺͣ
To include in a group or category:
룺һһΧڣ
He was numbered among the lost.
ʧߵ
To mention one by one; enumerate.
о٣һһо
To limit or restrict in number:
ָտƣ
Our days are numbered.
ǵӲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To call off numbers; count:
ν
numbering to ten.
ʮ
To constitute a group or number:
γһ
The applicants numbered in the thousands.
ǧ
?
by the numbers
In unison as numbers are called out by a leader:
ͷߺʱͳһж
performing calisthenics by the numbers.

In a strict, step-by-step or mechanical way.
еأϸģһһĻеķʽ
do a number onٵ
To defeat, abuse, or humiliate in a calculated and thorough way.
׵شܣĲ߻ͳ׵شܡʹûʹ
get (someone's) number 
have (someone's) number
To determine or know someone's real character or motives.
ĳȷ˽ĳԸ򶯻
without number 
beyond number
Too many to be counted; countless:
ģģ
Mosquitoes without number filled the yard.
ӳԺ
?
Middle English nombre 
йӢ nombre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin numerus * see  nem- 
Դ  numerus *μ nem- 
?
numberer
n.ʣ
?
As a collective nounnumber  may take either a singular or a plural verb. It takes a singular verb when it is preceded by the definite articlethe :  
Ϊһʣnumber ȿԸʵʽҲԸʸʽ ǰǶڴthe ʱʣ  
The number of skilled workers is small. 
١ 
It takes a plural verb when preceded by the indefinite articlea :  
ǰǲڴa ʱʣ  
A number of the workers are unskilled. 
๤˼ 

= =
numerical
nu.mer.i.cal
AHD:[n?-mr1-kl, ny?-]  Ҳ nu.mer.ic [-mr1k] 
D.J.[nu86mer!k*l, nju8-] Ҳ nu.mer.ic [-6mer!k]
K.K.[nu6mWr!k*l, nju-] Ҳ nu.mer.ic [-6mWr!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a number or series of numbers:
ֵģһֻһϵֵģ
numerical order.

Designating number or a number:
ֱֵʾ
a numerical symbol.
ֱʾķ
Expressed in or counted by numbers:
ֱģ
numerical strength.
ֱ
?
From Latin numerus [number] * see  number 
Դ  numerus [] *μ number
?
numerically
adv.ʣ

= =
numerous
nu.mer.ous
AHD:[n?mr-s, ny?-] 
D.J.[6nu8m*r*s, 6nju8-]
K.K.[6num*r*s, 6nju-]
adj.ݴʣ
Amounting to a large number; many.
ģΪڶģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin numer?s 
Դ  numer?s 
from numerus [number] * see  number 
Դ numerus [] *μ number
?
numerously
adv.ʣ
numerousness
n.ʣ

= =
nurse
nurse
AHD:[n?rs] 
D.J.[nT8s]
K.K.[nPs]
n.ʣ
A person educated and trained to care for the sick or disabled.
ʿѵչ˲˻з˵
A woman employed to suckle children other than her own; a wet nurse.
裺Ӷ˵ĶԼĺӲˣ
A woman employed to take care of a child; a nursemaid.
ķߣӶտӵĸŮķ
One that serves as a nurturing or fostering influence or means:
ߣߣΪػ򷽷ߣ
Town life is the nurse of civilization(C.L.R. James)
ߡ(C.L.R.ղķ˹)
Zoology A worker ant or bee that feeds and cares for the colony's young.
ѧ ϣ䣺ιϹȺȺ׳Ĺϻ򹤷
v.ʣ
nursed,nurs.ing,nurs.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To serve as a nurse for:
ʿ
nursed the patient back to health.
˻ָ
To feed at the breast; suckle.
ι̣
To try to cure by special care or treatment:
Σͼͨ⻤ƶ
nurse a cough with various remedies.
øҩƿ
To treat carefully, especially in order to prevent pain:
СĵضԴָΪֹʹ
He nursed his injured knee by shifting his weight to the other leg.
ƵһϣԻ˵ϥ
To manage or guide carefully; look after with care; foster:
ϸĹϸࣺСĵزݻָϸϣ
nursed her business through the depression.See Synonyms at nurture 
ھоμ nurture
To bear privately in the mind:
У˽Ա뷨
nursing a grudge.

To consume slowly, especially in order to conserve:
Լʹãϸػ
nursed one drink for the whole evening.
Ʒһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To serve as a nurse.
ʿ
To take nourishment from the breast; suckle.
̣鷿ȡӪ
?
Middle English norice, nurse [wet nurse] 
йӢ norice, nurse [] 
from Old French norrice 
Դ ŷ norrice 
from Vulgar Latin *nutroa 
Դ  *nutroa 
from Late Latin n?ocia} 
Դ  n?ocia} 
from feminine of Latin n?ocius} [that suckles] 
Դ  n?ociusԴ} [ι] 
from n?ox}  n?troc- [wet nurse] * see  (s)n3u- 
Դ n?ox}  n?troc- [] *μ (s)n3u- 
?
nurser
n.ʣ

= =
nursery
nurs.er.y
AHD:[n?rs-r?, n?rsr?] 
D.J.[6nT8s*ri8, 6nT8sri8]
K.K.[6nPs*ri, 6nPsri]
n.ʣ
 nurs.er.ies 
A room or area in a household set apart for the use of children.
ͯңͥרΪӷֳķط
A place for the temporary care of children in the absence of their parents.
ʱжĸʱʱչ˺ӵĵط
A nursery school.
׶԰
A place where plants are grown for sale, transplanting, or experimentation.
ԣֲۡʵֲֲĵط
A place in which something is produced, fostered, or developed.
´أչĳĵط
?
Middle English noricerie 
йӢ noricerie 
probably from Old French norricerie 
Դ ŷ norricerie 
from norrice [nursemaid] * see  nurse 
Դ norrice [ķ] *μ nurse

= =
nut
nut
AHD:[n?t] 
D.J.[nJt]
K.K.[nJt]
n.ʣ
An indehiscent, hard-shelled, one-loculated, one-seeded fruit, such as an acorn or a hazelnut.
һֲѣӲǣңӵĹʵʵ
A seed borne within a fruit having a hard shell, as in the peanut, almond, or walnut.
ӣӲǵĹʵ֮ڵӣ绨ӻ
The kernel of any of these.
ʣЩ
Slang 
ٵ 
A crazy or eccentric person.
ӣˣŹֵ
An enthusiast; a buff:
ߣȵˣԵˣ
a movie nut.
Ӱ
Informal A difficult endeavor or problem:
ʽ £⣺
Painting the closet was a tough nut to crack.
ڳˢ᲻Ǽ
Slang The human head.
ٵ Դͷ
Music 
֡ 
A ridge of wood at the top of the fingerboard or neck of a stringed instrument, over which the strings pass.
ٹָ嶥پľʵ͹𲿷֣
A device at the lower end of the bow for a stringed instrument, used for tightening the hairs.
ɽŦٹβ˵װãɽ˿
A small block of metal or wood with a central, threaded hole that is designed to fit around and secure a bolt or screw.
ĸñв˨ݶϵСľͷ
Slang 
ٵ 
The cost of launching a business venture.
Ǯչķ
The operating expenses of a theater, theatrical production, or similar enterprise:
ѣԺϷҵã
The[theater]  has simply failed to attract enough paying customers per week to meet its nut (Variety)
۾Ժ ûÿ㹻Ĺ˿Խ⡱ ()
nuts Vulgar Slang The testicles.
 nuts  ٵ һغ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
nut.ted,nut.ting,nuts 
To gather or hunt for nuts.
ɸɹʰ
?
Middle English nute 
йӢ nute 
from Old English hnutu 
Դ Ӣ hnutu 
?
nutter
n.ʣ

= =
nutrition
nu.tri.tion
AHD:[n?-tr1shn, ny?-] 
D.J.[nu86tr!.*n, nju8-]
K.K.[nu6tr!.*n, nju-]
n.ʣ
The process of nourishing or being nourished, especially the process by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and for replacement of tissues.
ӪḶָ́ͨһ̣ʳﲢ֯ĸ
The science or study that deals with food and nourishment, especially in human beings.
ӪѧʳӪָ˵ʳӪĿѧо
A source of nourishment; food.
ӪƷʳƷ
?
Middle English nutricion 
йӢ nutricion 
from Old French nutrition 
Դ ŷ nutrition 
from Late Latin n?oti?}  n?troti?n- 
Դ  n?oti?}  n?troti?n- 
from Latin n?otus} [past participle of] n?trore [to suckle] * see  (s)n3u- 
Դ  n?otus}  [] n?troreĹȥִ [ʹɳ] *μ (s)n3u- 
?
nutritional
adj.ݴʣ
nutritionally
adv.ʣ

= =
nylon
ny.lon
AHD:[nol?n] 
D.J.[6na!7lKn]
K.K.[6na!7l$n]
n.ʣ
Any of a family of high-strength, resilient synthetic polymers, the molecules of which contain the recurring amide group CONH.
ڣǿȣеԵĺϳɾۺӺзֵԭ
Cloth or yarn made from one of these synthetic materials.
֯ƷֺϳɲƳɵĲɴ
nylons Stockings made of one of these synthetic materials.
 nylons ࣺЩϳɲƳɵĳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
Ƶģһʣ
nylon stockings; a nylon curtain.
ࣻ
?
[Coined by its inventors, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc.] 
[䷢E.I Du Pont Nemours޹˾] 

= =
o'clock
o'clock
AHD:[-kl?k] 
D.J.[*6klKk]
K.K.[*6kl$k]
adv.ʣ
Of or according to the clock:
ʱӵĻӵģ
three o'clock.

According to an imaginary clock dial with the observer at the center and 12 o'clock considered as straight ahead in horizontal position or straight up in vertical position. Used to indicate 
relative position:
ķ򣺸һ棬۲ģ12ʱΪǰϷָλã
enemy planes at 10 o'clock.
л10ӷ
?
Short for of the clock 
 of the clockļд 

= =
oak
oak
AHD:[?k] 
D.J.[*&k]
K.K.[ok]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous monoecious deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs of the genusQuercus,  bearing acorns as fruit. 
ݣ ͬҶľľʵ 
The durable wood of any of these trees or shrubs.
ľľЩľľľ
Something made of this wood.
ľƷľĵƷ
Any of various similar trees or shrubs, such as the poison oak.
״ƵľľҶ
Color Any of various brown shades resembling the wood of an oak in color.
ɫʡ ɫľɫƵɫ
?
Middle English ok 
йӢ ok 
from Old English 3c 
Դ Ӣ 3c 
?
oaken
AHD:[?kn] ݴʣ

= =
oar
oar
AHD:[?r, ?r] 
D.J.[%8, *&r]
K.K.[%r, or]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A long, thin, usually wooden pole with a blade at one end, used to row or steer a boat.
֣һβҶ״ƬĳϸĸˣΪľʣڻƶ
A person who rows a boat.

v.ʣ
oared,oar.ing,oars 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To propel with or as if with oars or an oar.
ýƶ
To traverse with or as if with oars or an oar:
ý
an hour to oar the strait.
һСʱϿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move forward by or as if by rowing:
УǰУ
oared strongly across the finish line.
ʹյ
?
Middle English or 
йӢ or 
from Old English 3r 
Դ Ӣ 3r 
?
oared
adj.ݴʣ
oarless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
oath
oath
AHD:[?th] 
D.J.[*&G]
K.K.[oG]
n.ʣ
 oaths[?Yz, ?ths]  
A solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness.
ԼģׯʽŵĳһԣͨϵۻʥΪ֤
The words or formula of such a declaration or promise.
ԣŵԴǻʽ
Something declared or promised.
ŵ
An irreverent or blasphemous use of the name of God or something held sacred.
ûϵۻʥ֮÷
An imprecation; a curse.

?
Middle English oth 
йӢ oth 
from Old English 3h 
Դ Ӣ 3h 

= =
obedient
o.be.di.ent
AHD:[?-b?d?-nt] 
D.J.[*&6bi8di8*nt]
K.K.[o6bidi*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or instructions of one in authority.
ӵģ˳ӵģϼָʾָӵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin oboedi?s  oboedient- [present participle of] oboedore [to obey] * see  obey 
Դ  oboedi?s  oboedient-  [] oboedoreڷִ [] *μ obey
?
obediently
adv.ʣ
?
obedient,biddable,compliant,acquiescent,submissive,docile,amenable,tractable
These adjectives mean carrying or willing to carry out the orders, requests, or wishes of another.
ЩݴʵĺִлԸִб˵Ҫϣ
 Obedient  implies acceptance of and submission to authority: 
 Obedient  ʾȨķܣ 
an obedient pupil;
ѧ
an obedient soldier.
ʿ
The obedient colonies in this scheme are heavily taxed;the refractory remain unburdened (Edmund Burke).One who isbiddable  follows directions or obeys commands:  
һϵ˳ӵֳظ˰أԿƵֳûи ɡˣһbriddable ˷ָӣ  
A more gentle and biddable invalid . . . can hardly be conceived (Henry Kingsley).
ûһ˻ˡ ˹
 Compliant   andacquiescent  suggest a disposition to yield to authority meekly and without protest:  
 Compliant  acquiescent ָ˳ûзȨ飺  
children compliant with the parental will;
˳ӸĸԸ
too acquiescent to challenge the propriety of offering a bribe.
԰ĵΪ̫Ĭԡ
Submissive  implies an inclination or a willingness to submit without resistance and sometimes with deference to the control of another: 
Submissive  ʾһֺ޷ʱ˵ĿƻоԸ 
replacing the troublemakers with more submissive people from the masses of unemployed (Suzanne Muchnic).One who isdocile  is receptive to being taught and willing to be led, 
supervised, or directed by another:  
ʧҵȺ˳ȡߡ ɺȡʲˣһdocile ׽̵ܽԸⱻ쵼ලָӣ  
A State which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposeswill find that with small men no great thing can really be 
accomplished (John Stuart Mill).
һΪʹΪ˳ӵĹ߶谭ǷչĹңʹΪ洦ĿġҲֱᷢ΢˲ɴ¡ Լ˹ͼءգ
 Amenable  suggests an agreeable responsiveness to authority, advice, or suggestion: 
 Amendable  ָΪȨʾͬķӦ 
a high-spirited and rebellious girl not at all amenable to persuasion.
һѵŮȰ档
Tractable   applies to those who can be handled, dealt with, or managed, especially with ease: 
Tracfable  ָԣرǺ׾ͿԱӦԸݵˣ 
the natives . . . being . . . of an intelligent tractable disposition (Samuel Butler).
˳ĵˡ Ѷգ

= =
obey
o.bey
AHD:[?-b3] 
D.J.[*&6be!]
K.K.[o6be]
v.ʣ
o.beyed,o.bey.ing,o.beys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction of.
ӣִлָʾָ
To carry out or comply with (a command, for example).
ִлأ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To behave obediently.
ӣ
?
Middle English obeien 
йӢ obeien 
from Old French obeir 
Դ ŷ obeir 
from Latin oboedoe [to listen to] 
Դ  oboedoe [] 
ob- [to] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
audoe [to hear] * see  au- 
audoe [] *μ au- 
?
obeyer
n.ʣ

= =
object
ob.ject
AHD:[?bj1kt, -jkt] 
D.J.[6Kbd9!kt, -7d9ekt]
K.K.[6$bd9!kt, -7d9Wkt]
n.ʣ
Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially by vision or touch; a material thing.
壬ʵһָֻй٣ָӾ򴥾ԸоĶʵ
A focus of attention, feeling, thought, or action:
ע顢˼Ϊļ
an object of contempt.
Ķ
The purpose, aim, or goal of a specific action or effort:
ĿģĿ꣺жŬĿġĿ꣺
the object of the game.
ϷĿ
Abbr. obj.Grammar 
д obj.﷨ 
A noun or substantive that receives or is affected by the action of a verb within a sentence.
һнܶʵĶ֮ӰʻԴ
A noun or substantive following and governed by a preposition.
ڽʺڽʵʻԴ
Philosophy Something intelligible or perceptible by the mind.
ѧ 壬͹ۣͷпɷӳԸ֪
v.ʣ
ob.ject.ed,ob.ject.ing,ob.jects[b-jkt]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To present a dissenting or opposing argument; raise an objection:
ԣͬ򷴶ԣ
objected to the testimony of the witness.
֤˵֤
To be averse to or express disapproval of something:
Уϲ޳ɻֶĳķԣ
objects to modern materialism.
ִ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put forward in or as a reason for opposition; offer as criticism:
ΪԵɣ˵
They objected that discipline was lacking.
ȱټΪԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin obiectum [thing put before the mind] 
Դ  obiectum [ǰ迼ǵ] 
from neuter past participle of Latin obicere [to put before] 
Դ  obicereԹȥִ [ڡǰ] 
ob- [before, toward] * see  ob- 
ob- [ǰ] *μ ob-
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [] *μ y?- 
V., from Middle English obiecten 
ʣԴ йӢ obiecten 
from Old French objecter 
Դ ŷ objecter 
from Latin obiect3e [frequentative of] obicere [to hinder, oppose] 
Դ  obiect3e  [] obicereظ [ֹ] 
?
objector
n.ʣ
?
object,protest,kick,demur,remonstrate,expostulate
These verbs mean to express opposition to something, most often by presenting arguments against it.
ЩʱʾĳµķԣͨԹ۵ʾ
 Object  implies the expression of disapproval or distaste: 
 Object  ʾ޳ɻϲıʾ 
The general public objects to the use of drugs.
ڷʹöƷ
Freedom of the press in Britain is freedom to print such of the proprietor's prejudices as the advertisers don't object to (Hannen Swaffer).
Ӣӡˢ̲Եҵƫɡ ᡤ˹Τ
 Protest  suggests strong opposition,usually forthrightly expressed: 
 Protest  ָǿҵķԣֱͨ˵ر 
The patient protested to the receptionist when he was kept waiting.
˵˰ӴԱʾ顣
We should, therefore, protest openly everything . . . that smacks of discrimination or slander (Mary McLeod Bethune).
ˣӦùӻ̰κ ׵¡ݶ
 Kick  implies the expression of strong negative feelings,often of anger or rebellion: 
 Kick  ʾǿҵķԸ飬ָ߻ѵĸо 
a rampant heresy, such as . . . Would make all women kick against their Lords (Tennyson). 
һа˵硭ʹŮ˷ǵɷ  
I won't kick if you insist on paying the bill. Todemur  is to raise an objection that may delay decision or action:  
ָҲԡ Demur ָӾжķԣ  
We proposed that dinner be served before the last guest arrived,but the hostess demurred.
һ˵֮ǰͿŮ˷ԡ
Remonstrate   implies the presentation of objections, complaints, or reproof in the form of argument or pleading: 
Remonstrate  ָ绤ʽʾԱԹǴ 
The people of Connecticut . . . remonstrated against the bill (George Bancroft).Toexpostulate  is to express objection in the form of earnest reasoning:  
Ҹݵ񡭿鷨 Ρ޷أExpostulate ָ潲ʽʾԣ  
Her parents expostulated with her on the foolhardiness of her behavior. See also Synonyms at  intention 
ĸȰΪֹҪô³ç μͬ intention

= =
objection
ob.jec.tion
AHD:[b-jkshn] 
D.J.[*b6d9ek.*n]
K.K.[*b6d9Wk.*n]
n.Abbr. obj.ʣд obj.
The act of objecting.

A statement presented in opposition.
ԵĻ
A ground, reason, or cause for expressing opposition.
ԵɣԵɣ

= =
objective
ob.jec.tive
AHD:[b-jkt1v] 
D.J.[*b6d9ekt!v]
K.K.[*b6d9Wkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or having to do with a material object.
ʵģʵģʵģйص
Having actual existence or reality.
ʵڵģʵ
Uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices:
͹۵ģ͹۵ģģ޸ƫģ
an objective critic.See Synonyms at fair 1
͹۵ۼҲμ fair1
Based on observable phenomena; presented factually:
ݿüģʵģ
an objective appraisal.
ʵж
Medicine Indicating a symptom or condition perceived as a sign of disease by someone other than the person affected.
ҽѧ ͹۵ģģʾ˶ǻ߱˾֢״״̬
Abbr. obj.Grammar 
д obj.﷨ 
Of, relating to, or being the case of a noun or pronoun that serves as the object of a verb.
ģʵıʹõʵĻʵı
Of or relating to a noun or pronoun used in this case.
ģʻʵ
n.ʣ
Something that actually exists.
ʵʴڵ
Something worked toward or striven for; a goal.See Synonyms at intention 
Ŀ꣺ŬȡõĿμ intention
Abbr. obj.Grammar 
д obj.﷨ 
The objective case.

A noun or pronoun in the objective case.
ʻ
The lens or lens system in a microscope or other optical instrument that first receives light rays from the object and forms the image.Also called  In this sense, also called object glass 
,objective lens ,object lens 
ﾵȴϽչ߲γӰ΢ѧе͸͸ϵͳҲ  ڴҲɳ object glass,objective lens,object lens
?
objectively
adv.ʣ
objectiveness
n.ʣ

= =
obligation
ob.li.ga.tion
AHD:[?bl1-g3shn] 
D.J.[7Kbl!6ge!.*n]
K.K.[7$bl!6ge.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie.
ᣬɻԼԼΪ
A social, legal, or moral requirement, such as a duty, contract, or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action.
ΣᡢɻҪǿĳ˷ӻĳЩضΪ񡢺Լŵ
A course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which one is bound or restricted.
Ϊ淶ԼᡢɻǿӵΪ
The constraining power of a promise, contract, law, or sense of duty.
ԼŵԼɻθеԼ
Law 
ɡ 
A legal agreement stipulating a specified payment or action, especially if the agreement also specifies a penalty for failure to comply.
ͬԼ涨֧ΪķɺԼָ涨Բصĳͷ
The document containing the terms of such an agreement.
ͬļֺԼļ
Something owed as payment or in return for a special service or favor.
ծΪرİ˼ǷµӦ򱨴Ķ
The service or favor for which one is indebted to another.
ݣһ˶һ˸мİ
The state, fact, or feeling of being indebted to another for a special service or favor received.
ܶ״̬Ϊ˽ܵرݶмһ˵״̬ʵо
?
obligational
adj.ݴʣ
?
obligation,responsibility,duty
These nouns refer to a course of action that is demanded of a person, as by law or conscience.
ЩָɻĵҪһ˵Ϊ
 Obligation  usually applies to a specific constraint arising from a particular cause: 
 Obligation  ͨضԭľƣ 
Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal, their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal (Lucretia Mott).
һ׮УɷӵĶƽȵģǻģǵҲǱ˴֮ġ ¬ϼĪأ
 Responsibility  stresses accountability for the fulfillment of an obligation: 
 Responsibility  ǿΣ 
I believe that every right implies a responsibility;every opportunity, an obligation;every possession, a duty (John D. Rockefeller, Jr.).
ÿһȨζÿһζÿһݲƲζΡ СԼD˷գ
 Duty  applies especially to constraint deriving from moral or ethical considerations: 
 Duty  ָڵ»ĿǶܵƣ 
I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it, to support its Constitution, to obey its laws, to respect its flag, and to defend it against all enemies (William Tyler Page).
ű֧ܷطɣع죬ҵΡ ķ̩ա棩

= =
oblige
o.blige
AHD:[-bloj] 
D.J.[*6bla!d9]
K.K.[*6bla!d9]
v.ʣ
o.bliged,o.blig.ing,o.blig.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means.
ǿƣǿȣͨɡַǿȡǿ
To make indebted or grateful:
ʹлм
I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.
Һܸлÿ
To do a service or favor for:
ʩڣ
They obliged us by arriving early.
һæ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To do a service or favor:
æʩݣ
The soloist obliged with yet another encore.
ԱһĿ
?
Middle English obligen 
йӢ obligen 
from Old French obligier 
Դ ŷ obligier 
from Latin oblig3e 
Դ  oblig3e 
ob- [to] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
lig3e [to bind] * see  leig- 
lig3e [] *μ leig- 
?
obliger
n.ʣ
?
oblige,accommodate,favor
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to perform a service or a courteous act for: 
ЩʹеĺǡһòΪ 
obliged me by keeping the matter quiet;
ͨ鱣ܰҵæ
accommodating her by lending her money;
Ǯ
favor an audience with an encore. See also Synonyms at  force disoblige 
Ϊڱһ μͬ forcedisoblige

= =
obscene
ob.scene
AHD:[?b-s?n, b-] 
D.J.[Kb6si8n, *b-]
K.K.[$b6sin, *b-]
adj.ݴʣ
Offensive to accepted standards of decency or modesty.See Synonyms at coarse 
˷׵ģ빫ϵɵĻı׼гͻĲμ coarse
Inciting lustful feelings; lewd.
ģģ⫵
Offensive or repulsive to the senses; loathsome:
ۻģģйپܾĻųģģ
The way he writes about the disease that killed her is simply obscene(Michael Korda)
ȥŮĲд˶ġ(˶¶)
?
Latin obsc?s 
 obsc?s 
?
obscenely
adv.ʣ

= =
obscure
ob.scure
AHD:[?b-sky?r, b-] 
D.J.[Kb6skj&*, *b-]
K.K.[$b6skj&r, *b-]
adj.ݴʣ
ob.scur.er,ob.scur.est д obs.
Deficient in light; dark.
ڰģģ߲ģڰ
So faintly perceptible as to lack clear delineation; indistinct.See Synonyms at dark 
ģģģֻ΢ظоȱĲμ dark
Indistinctly heard; faint.
΢ģźģأ΢
Linguistics Having the reduced, neutral sound represented by schwa ().
ѧ ģԪɵĻΪֵ
Far from centers of human population:
ƫƧģԶǻĵģ
an obscure village.
ƫƧĴׯ
Out of sight; hidden:
εģҰ֮ģεģ
an obscure retreat.
صĳ
Not readily noticed or seen; inconspicuous:
עģϱֵĻ򿴼ģעģ
an obscure flaw.
ע覴
Of undistinguished or humble station or reputation:
ݱ΢ģԺյĻ΢ĵλ
an obscure poet; an obscure family.
ʫˣ΢ļͥ
Not clearly understood or expressed; ambiguous or vague:
ģģѽģûбأģĻ򺬺ģ
an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit(Anatole Broyard)See Synonyms at ambiguous 
һɳ嶯ѽĽս״̬С(ж³Ƕ)μ ambiguous
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ob.scured,ob.scur.ing,ob.scures 
To make dim or indistinct:
ʹģʹ䰵򲻷
Smog obscured our view.See Synonyms at block 
ģǵҰμ block
To conceal in obscurity; hide:
أںڰУأ
Unlike the origins of most nations, America's origins are not obscured in the mists of time(National Review)
ҵԴԴʱĳбء()
Linguistics To reduce (a vowel) to the neutral sound represented by schwa ().
ѧ ʹ
n.ʣ
Something obscure or unknown.
ĳģĻĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French obscur 
Դ ŷ obscur 
from Latin obsc?s * see  (s)keu- 
Դ  obsc?s *μ (s)keu- 
?
obscurely
adv.ʣ
obscureness
n.ʣ

= =
observation
ob.ser.va.tion
AHD:[?bzr-v3shn] 
D.J.[7Kbz*6ve!.*n]
K.K.[7$bz+6ve.*n]
n.Abbr. obs.ʣд obs.
The act or faculty of observing.
۲Ϊ
The fact of being observed.
۲쵽ʵ
The act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon, with instruments.
۲⣺ע⵽¼ĳ
The result or record of such notation:
۲۲Ľ¼
a meteorological observation.
һѧĹ۲
A comment or remark.See Synonyms at comment 
ۣһۻ۲μ comment
An inference or a judgment that is acquired from or based on observing.
۲ۣӹ۲óۻж
?
observational
adj.ݴʣ
observationally
adv.ʣ

= =
observe
ob.serve
AHD:[b-z?rv] 
D.J.[*b6zT8v]
K.K.[*b6zPv]
v.ʣ
ob.served,ob.serv.ing,ob.serves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be or become aware of, especially through careful and directed attention; notice.
ע⣬죺쵽ͨϸֱӵע⣻ע
To watch attentively:
۲죺۾ؿ
observe a child's behavior.
۲һӵΪ
To make a systematic or scientific observation of:
۲⣺ԡϵͳĻѧĹ۲죺
observe the orbit of the moon.
۲Ĺ
To say casually; remark.
ۣ˵
To adhere to or abide by:
أػӣ
observe the terms of a contract.
غͬ
To keep or celebrate (a holiday, for example):
ףף磬գ
observe an anniversary.
ף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take notice.
۲
To say something; make a comment or remark.
ۣ˵ۻ򷢱
To watch or be present without participating actively:
ۿϯ룺
We were invited to the conference solely to observe.
Ǳ룬ֻǳϯ
?
Middle English observen [to conform to] 
йӢ observen [롭һ] 
from Old French observer 
Դ ŷ observer 
from Latin observ3e [to abide by, watch] 
Դ  observ3e [أ] 
ob- [over] * see  ob- 
ob- [ڡ] *μ ob-
serv3e [to keep, watch] * see  ser- 1
serv3e [] *μ ser- 1
?
observingly
adv.ʣ
?
observe,keep,celebrate,commemorate,solemnize
These verbs are compared as they mean to give proper heed to or show proper reverence for something, such as a rule, custom, or holiday.
ЩʶʾһעĳЩԹ涨ϰߡձһʱ
 Observe  stresses respectful adherence,as to law or tradition,often in the form of compliance with prescribed rites: 
 Observe  ǿԵӣڷɻͳع涨ʽΪʽ 
observe the speed limit;
ٶƣ
observe the Sabbath.
ذϢա
Keep   contrasts withbreak and violate;  it implies actions such as the discharge of a duty or the fulfillment of a promise: 
Keep  break  violate  δְûʵŵԵΪ 
He said he would help, and he kept his word.
˵Ҫæģˡ
Celebrate  in this comparison emphasizes observance in the form of rejoicing or festivity: 
Celebrate  ȽǿԻֻϲʽӣ 
We are planning a surprise party to celebrate her birthday. Tocommemorate  is to honor the memory of a past event; 
Ϊն׼һɶԡ commemorate ǶԹȥ¼ļ𾴣 
 solemnize  implies dignity and gravity in the celebration of an occasion: 
 solemnize  ĳһףׯغࣺ 
It [July 2, 1776] ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance . . . It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade . . .from one end of this continent to the other, from this time 
forward forevermore (John Adams).See also Synonyms at  see 1
177672գ ӦΪ֮ Ӧ׳۵ĵ¡ףƬ½ͷͷӴʱԶ Լǵ˹μͬ see1

= =
observer
ob.serv.er
AHD:[b-z?rvr] 
D.J.[*b6zT8v*]
K.K.[*b6zPv+]
n.ʣ
One that observes:
ߣ۲ߣصˣ
an observer of local customs; observers of religious holidays.
ϰ׵ߣڽ̽յĹ۲
A delegate sent to observe and report on the proceedings of an assembly or a meeting but not vote or otherwise participate.
۲ţһţȥ۲첢漯չͶƱ
A crew member on a military aircraft who makes observations.
۲Ա÷ɻϽй۲ĻԱ
A member of an armed force who watches and reports from an observation post.
۲ԱһԱӹ۲վ۲첢

= =
obstacle
ob.sta.cle
AHD:[?bst-kl] 
D.J.[6Kbst*k*l]
K.K.[6$bst*k*l]
n.ʣ
One that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress.
Ի谭
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin obst3m 
Դ  obst3m 
from obst3e [to hinder] 
Դ obst3e [谭] 
ob- [against] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
obstacle,obstruction,bar,barrier,block,hindrance,impediment,snag
All of these nouns refer to something that prevents action or slows progress.
Щʶָֹжӻ
 Obstacle  applies to something that stands in the way and must be removed, circumvented, or surmounted: 
 Obstacle  ָ·У뱻߻л򱻿˷ 
We combat obstacles in order to get repose (Henry Adams).Anobstruction  makes passage or progress difficult:  
Ϊ˻ЪϢѶ ǵ˹Obstruction ʹͨǰѣ  
a sandbar that is an obstruction to navigation.
Ϊе谭ɳޡ
Bar   andbarrier  suggest an obstruction that confines or prevents exit or entry:  
Bar  barrier ʾƻֹ谭  
Tyranny may always enterthere is no charm, no bar against itthe only bar against it is a large resolute breed of men (Walt Whitman). 
ܻûûϰΨһ谭һȺ¸ҵˡ ء 
Literature is my Utopia . . . No barrier of the senses shuts me out from the sweet, gracious discourse of my book friends (Helen Keller).
ѧҵаûκθйٵϰֹǵŵĽ̸ סգ
 Block  suggests obstruction that effectively prevents all passage: 
 Block  ʾЧضͨ谭 
The student failed the examination because of a mental block.
Ǹѧӳٶ۶ʧܡ
Hindrance   andimpediment are applied to something that interferes with or delays passage or progress:  
Hindrance  impediment ָʹͨӻ  
an attachment that would be a hindrance to him in any honorable career (Thomas Hardy). 
һ˵κΪٵҵжΪ谭ĸƷ ˹ 
Overcrowded prisons are an impediment to the rehabilitation of criminals. Asnag  is an unforeseen or hidden, often transitory obstacle:  
ӵηﷸǾؽ谭 Snag һûбԤĻεģΪʱݵ谭  
The tourist ran up against a snag in the form of a lost passport. 
۹һ鷳ʧĻ 

= =
obtain
ob.tain
AHD:[b-t3n, ?b-] 
D.J.[*b6te!n, Kb-]
K.K.[*b6ten, $b-]
v.ʣ
ob.tained,ob.tain.ing,ob.tains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To succeed in gaining possession of as the result of planning or endeavor; acquire.
ãƻŬɹػã
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be established, accepted, or customary:
УȷϡϻϰԵģ
standards, proprieties that no longer obtain(Meg Greenfield)
еı׼(÷񡤸ַƶ)
Archaic To succeed.
 ɹ
?
Middle English obteinen 
йӢ obteinen 
from Old French obtenir 
Դ ŷ obtenir 
from Latin obtin?e 
Դ  obtin?e 
ob- [intensive pref.] * see  ob- 
ob- [õǰ׺] *μ ob-
ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
ten?e [ץס] *μ ten- 
?
obtainable
adj.ݴʣ
obtainer
n.ʣ

= =
obvious
ob.vi.ous
AHD:[?bv?-s] 
D.J.[6Kbvi8*s]
K.K.[6$bvi*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.See Synonyms at apparent 
Եģ׸еģʮԵĲμ apparent
Easily seen through because of a lack of subtlety; transparent:
׿͸ģΪɶױ͸ģ
an obvious political ploy.
һױʶƵַ
Archaic Standing in the way or in front.
 ·ģվ·лǰ
?
From Latin obvius 
Դ  obvius 
from obviam [in the way, within reach] 
Դ obviam [·Уɴ] 
ob- [against] * see  ob- 
ob- [롭] *μ ob-
viam [accusative sing. of] via [way] * see  wegh- 
viam  [] viaı [·] *μ wegh- 
?
obviously
adv.ʣ
obviousness
n.ʣ

= =
occasion
oc.ca.sion
AHD:[-k3zhn] 
D.J.[*6ke!9*n]
K.K.[*6ke9*n]
n.ʣ
An event or a happening; an incident.
ϣش¼¹
The time at which an event occurs.
¼ʱ
A significant event.
Ҫ¼
A favorable or appropriate time or juncture; an opportunity.See Synonyms at opportunity 
ᣬʱһĻʵʱʱμ opportunity
Something that brings on or precipitates an action, a condition, or an event, especially the immediate cause.See Synonyms at cause 
ʹٳɻж״¼̵ָɵĲμ cause
Something that provides a reason or justification; a ground.
ɣṩɻʵ
A need created by a particular circumstance:
ҪһضҪ
He must buy what he has little occasion for(Laurence Sterne)
̫ҪĶ(˹˹)
A large or important social gathering.
ʢ棺һͻҪἯ
occasions Archaic Personal requirements or necessities.
 occasions  ˵ҪƷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
oc.ca.sioned,oc.ca.sion.ing,oc.ca.sions 
To provide occasion for; cause:
Ϊṩϣ
The year's annual reports occasion an especially revealing glimpse of how corporations lend . . . embellishment to the stark numbers of the comptroller's office(Mark Muro)
һȱʹǿ˾ֽ̰εġ(ˡ)
?
on occasion
From time to time; now and then.
żϵأʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin occ3?}  occ3si?n- 
Դ  occ3?}  occ3si?n- 
from occ3s [past participle of] occidere [to fall] 
Դ occ3s  [] occidereĹȥִ [] 
ob- [down] * see  ob- 
ob- [ڡ] *μ ob-
cadere [to fall] * see  kad- 
cadere [] *μ kad- 

= =
occasional
oc.ca.sion.al
AHD:[-k3zh-nl] 
D.J.[*6ke!9*n*l]
K.K.[*6ke9*n*l]
adj.Abbr. occas.ݴʣд occas.
Occurring from time to time.See Synonyms at periodic 
żģʱʱطμ periodic
Not habitual; infrequent:
ǾģϰԵģģ
took an occasional glass of wine.
żƿ
Created for a special occasion:
ⳡϵģΪⳡ϶Ƶģ
occasional verse.
Ӧʱʫ
Intended for use as the occasion requires:
ʱģ򳡺Ҫʹã
an occasional chair.
ʱ
Acting as a cause.
Ϊԭ
Acting in a specified capacity from time to time:
ʱĳضģ
an occasional hunter.
ʱԻ

= =
occasionally
oc.ca.sion.al.ly
AHD:[-k3zh-n-l?] 
D.J.[*6ke!9*n*li8]
K.K.[*6ke9*n*li]
adv.Abbr. occas.ʣд occas.
Now and then; from time to time.
żȻأʱʱأԵ

= =
occupation
oc.cu.pa.tion
AHD:[?ky-p3shn] 
D.J.[7Kkj*6pe!.*n]
K.K.[7$kj*6pe.*n]
n.Abbr. occ.ʣд occ.
An activity that serves as one's regular source of livelihood; a vocation.
ְҵԳΪĳԴһҵ
An activity engaged in especially as a means of passing time; an avocation.
ҵָԴʱһ
The act or process of holding or possessing a place.
ռУռлӵĳصΪ
The state of being held or possessed.
ռݣռݻӵе״̬
Invasion, conquest, and control of a nation or territory by foreign armed forces.
ԣӶһһ߾ԡͿ
The military government exercising control over an occupied nation or territory.
ƣһռ߾ʵʩĿ
?
Middle English occupacioun 
йӢ occupacioun 
from Old French occupacion 
Դ ŷ occupacion 
from Latin occup3?}  occup3ti?n- 
Դ  occup3?}  occup3ti?n- 
from occup3s [past participle of] occup3re [to occupy] * see  occupy 
Դ occup3s  [] occup3reĹȥִ [ռ] *μ occupy

= =
occupy
oc.cu.py
AHD:[?ky-po] 
D.J.[6Kkj*7pa!]
K.K.[6$kj*7pa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
oc.cu.pied,oc.cu.py.ing,oc.cu.pies 
To fill up (time or space):
ռãռãʱռ䣩
a lecture that occupied three hours.
СʱĽ
To dwell or reside in.
סڡסھס
To hold or fill (an office or a position).
ռУռлλӣ칫һְλ
To seize possession of and maintain control over by or as if by conquest.
ռݣֶͨλֶλòֶ
To engage, employ, or busy (oneself):
æڣ¡ӶԼæڣ
occupied himself with sculpting.
Լæڵ
?
Middle English occupien 
йӢ occupien 
alteration of Old French occuper 
 ŷ occuperı仯 
from Latin occup3e [to seize] 
Դ  occup3e [ץס] 
ob- [intensive pref.] * see  ob- 
ob- [ǰ׺] *μ ob-
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 
?
occupier
n.ʣ

= =
occur
oc.cur
AHD:[-k?r] 
D.J.[*6kT8]
K.K.[*6kP]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
oc.curred,oc.cur.ring,oc.curs 
To take place; come about.See Synonyms at happen 
ʹμ happen
To be found to exist or appear:
֣ڻ֣
Heavy rains occur during a summer monsoon.
һļ
To come to mind:
֣ԣ
The idea never occurred to me.
뷨Ժ
?
Latin occurrere 
 occurrere 
ob- [toward] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
currere [to run] * see  kers- 
currere [] *μ kers- 

= =
occurrence
oc.cur.rence
AHD:[-k?rns] 
D.J.[*6kT8r*ns]
K.K.[*6kPr*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of occurring.
Ϊ
Something that takes place.

?
occurrent
adj.ݴʣ
?
occurrence,happening,event,incident,episode,circumstance
These nouns all refer to something that takes place or comes to pass.
Щʾָ򼴽ȥ顣
 Occurrence   andhappening  are the most general:  
 Occurrence  happening һģ  
an everyday occurrence;
ճ֮£
a happening of no great importance.
ûش顣
Event  usually signifies a notable occurrence: 
Event  ָܱͨע⵽飺 
The events of the day are reported on the evening news.
¼˱
Great events make me quiet and calm; it is only trifles that irritate my nerves  (Victoria).
ΰ ¼ʹƽʹݣֻЩ²ķ  άǣ
 Incident  may apply to a minor occurrence: 
 Incident  С飺 
Errors are inescapable incidents in the course of scientific research. The term may also refer to a distinct event of sharp identity and significance: 
ڿйУǲɱ顣 Ҳָشķǳ¼ 
His debut at Carnegie Hall was the first of a succession of exciting incidents in his life. Anepisode  is an incident in the course of a progression or within a larger sequence:  
ڿڻõ״ε̨˼¼еĵһ Episode ĳһķлڸĽе飺  
Happiness was but the occasional episode in a general drama of pain (Thomas Hardy).
ֲձĿʹеһС ˹
 Circumstance  in this comparison denotes a particular incident or occurrence: 
 Circumstance  Ƚָһض飺 
What schoolboy of fourteen is ignorant of this remarkable circumstance? (Macaulay).
ʮѧֵע¼лԵʲô? 

= =
ocean
o.cean
AHD:[?shn] 
D.J.[6*&.*n]
K.K.[6o.*n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. oc.The entire body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface.
д oc.󣺸ǵڰٷ֮ʮˮ
Often Ocean Abbr. O,O.,Oc.Any of the principal divisions of the ocean, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, their southern extensions in Antarctica, and the Arctic Ocean.
  Ocean д O,O.,Oc.󣺺ļҪ֣̫ƽӡԼϼͱ
A great expanse or amount:
󣺾޴Ŀռչ
that ocean of land which is Russia(Henry A. Kissinger)
Ƭء(A.)
?
Middle English occean 
йӢ occean 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?s 
Դ  ?s 
from Greek ?s [the god Oceanus, a great river encircling the earth] 
Դ ϣ ?s [˹񣬻ƵĴ] 

= =
odd
odd
AHD:[?d] 
D.J.[Kd]
K.K.[$d]
adj.ݴʣ
odd.er,odd.est 
Deviating from what is ordinary, usual, or expected; strange or peculiar:
ŹֵģͨġͨĻĲͬģֵĻŹֵģ
an odd name; odd behavior.See Synonyms at strange 
ֵ֣ŹֵΪμ strange
Being in excess of the indicated or approximate number, extent, or degree. Often used in combination:
ģͷģָԼΧ̶ȡùɸϴʣ
invited 30-odd guests.
ʮλ
Constituting a remainder:
ʣģ
had some odd dollars left over.
ʣµһЩͷ
Small in amount:
ͷģĿϺСģ
jingled the odd change in his pockets.
Ǯҡö
Being one of an incomplete pair or set:
ɶԵģһ˫һеһֻ
an odd shoe.
һֻɶԵЬ
Remaining after others have been paired or grouped.
䵥ģģɶԻʣµ
Mathematics Designating an integer not divisible by two, such as 1, 3, and 5.
ѧ ģܱ2135
Not expected, regular, or planned:
ϵģ֮ġǹԻƻԵģ
called at odd intervals.
ʱ
Remote; out-of-the-way:
ƫƧģƫԶģλƫƧģ
found the antique shop in an odd corner of town.
һСƫƧ﷢
n.ʣ
Something odd.
ֵ
Sports 
˶ 
In the United States, a golf score one stroke higher than the score of one's opponent.
ȶָߵĵ÷֣߶ĳ˵ĵ÷ָڶֵĵ÷
In Great Britain, a golfing handicap of one stroke given to a superior player or an advantage of one stroke taken away from an inferior player's score in order to equalize the chances of 
winning.
öֵһӢ߶ΪȡʤᣬŵѡֽϰԻõ͵ѡֻһε
?
Middle English odde 
йӢ odde 
from Old Norse oddi [point of land, triangle, odd number] 
Դ ˹ά oddi [½صһǣΣ] 
?
oddly
adv.ʣ
oddness
n.ʣ
?
Odd
Odd
AHD:[?d] 
D.J.[Kd]
K.K.[$d]
interj.̾ʣ
Variant of Od 
 Odı

= =
odor
o.dor
AHD:[?dr] 
D.J.[6*&d*]
K.K.[6od+]
n.ʣ
The property or quality of a thing that affects, stimulates, or is perceived by the sense of smell.See Synonyms at smell 
ζһʻܣӰ졢Ϊܵμ smell
A sensation, stimulation, or perception of the sense of smell.
ĸܡо
A strong, pervasive quality:
Ϣǿҵġʣ
An odor of sadness permeated the gathering.
һȺеı˵Ϣ
Esteem; repute:

a doctrine that is not currently in good odor.
һʱ²ߺѧ˵
?
Middle English odour 
йӢ odour 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin odor 
Դ  odor 

= =
odour
o.dour
AHD:[?dr] 
D.J.[6*&d*]
K.K.[6od+]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of odor 
 odorı

= =
of
of
AHD:[?v, ?v] [v] ضʱ 
D.J.[Jv, Kv][*v]ضʱ 
K.K.[Jv, $v][*v]ضʱ 
prep.ʣ
Derived or coming from; originating at or from:
ӡԡԴڻڣ
men of the north.
ӱ
Caused by; resulting from:
ɡɡ£
a death of tuberculosis.
ڷν
Away from; at a distance from:
뿪ģ࡭Զģ
a mile east of here.
һӢ
So as to be separated or relieved from:
Ϊ˷ֿӡнѣ
robbed of one's dignity; cured of distemper.
ϣȮ
From the total or group comprising:
뿪ģ
give of one's time; two of her friends; most of the cases.
ĳ˵ʱԣѣ
Composed or made from:
ɡɻɡƳɣ
a dress of silk.
˿Ƶ·
Associated with or adhering to:
롭롭ӣ
a man of your religion.
ͬڽ̵
Belonging or connected to:
ڵĻ롭
the rungs of a ladder.
ӵĺᵵ
Possessing; having:
ռеģӵеģ
a person of honor.

On one's part:
ĳһ
very nice of you.

Containing or carrying:
Ļеģ
a basket of groceries.
һʳƷӻ
Specified as; named or called:
ΪΪ
a depth of ten feet; the Garden of Eden.
ʮӢߵȣ԰
Centering on; directed toward:
ԡΪĵģָ򡭵ģ
a love of horses.
ƥӰ
Produced by; issuing from:
ɡԡ
products of the vine.
Ĺʵ
Characterized or identified by:
ԡΪĻָʾ
a year of famine.

With reference to; about:
ָģڣ
think highly of her proposals; will speak of it later.
ۺܸߣں潲
In respect to:
͡˵
slow of speech.
ͽ˵
Set aside for; taken up by:
Ϊãɡռݣ
a day of rest.
Ϣ
Before; until:
ڡ֮ǰֱ
five minutes of two.
ֵ
During or on a specified time:
ھһʱڣ
of recent years.
Щ
By:

beloved of the family.
Ȱ
Used to indicate an appositive:
ָͬ
that idiot of a driver.
Ǹ׳˾
Archaic On:
 ڡϣ
A plague of all cowards, I say(Shakespeare)
ųǴ˵(ɯʿ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  apo- 
Դ Ӣ *μ apo- 
?
Grammarians have sometimes condemned categorically the so-called double genitive construction,as ina friend of my father's; a book of mine.  The construction is well supported by 
literary precedent,however, and serves a useful purpose.Thus there is no substitute for the double genitive in a sentence such asThat's the only friend of yours that I've ever met,  
since sentences such asThat's your only friend that I've ever met  and That's your only friend, whom I've ever met  are obviously impossible. 
﷨ѧʱǴַϵ˫иʽҸ׵ѣҵһ  ֽṹΪѧȽ֧֣ΪǺõġһΨһ 
ľ˫иûʽģ ΪΨһ  Ψһһ Ȼȫһ 
?
OF
OF
abbr.Baseball  
 Outfield ,outfielder. 
Outfield,outfielder.

= =
off
off
AHD:[?f, ?f] 
D.J.[%8f, Kf]
K.K.[%f, $f]
adv.ʣ
From a place or position:
뿪뿪һطְλ
drove off.

At a certain distance in space or time:
һʱ䣬һξ룺ʱϻռһ룺
a mile off; a week off.
һӢԶһڵļ
From a given course or route; aside:
Զ룬뿪뿪ĵ··ߣһߣ
swerved off into a ditch.
ת
Into a state of unconsciousness:
һ֪״̬
I must have dozed off.
һǴ˯ȥ
So as to be no longer on, attached, or connected:
, ӣСٴл᣺
shaved off his mustache.
εĺ
So as to be divided:
ָ
marked off the playing field by yards.

So as to be no longer continuing, operating, or functioning:
Уټٹ򷢻ã
switched off the radio.
ص
So as to be completely removed, finished, or eliminated:
ȫߡɻų
kill off the mice.
ɱ
So as to be smaller, fewer, or less:
С٣Сٻ򼸺ûУ
Sales dropped off.
½
So as to be away from work or duty:
뿪ְ
They took a day off.
Ϣһ
Offstage.
뿪̨뿪Ļ
adj.ݴʣ
Distant or removed; farther:
ԶģԶģ
the off side of the barn.
ǵһ
Remote; slim:
ңԶģϸСģ
stopped by on the off chance that they're home.
ͣ³ʹڼҵĿԺС
Not on, attached, or connected:
ûдĻģ
with his shoes off.
ûЬ
Not operating or operational:
ûйеģ
The oven is off.
¯ӹ
No longer taking place; canceled:
ٷȡģ
The wedding is off.
ȡ
Slack:
иģ
Production was off this year.

Not up to standard; below a normal or satisfactory level:
ûдﵽ׼ģϸˮƽ֮µģ
Your pitching is off today.
Ͷ
Not accurate; incorrect:
ȷģȷģ
Your statistical results are off.
ͳݲȷ
Somewhat crazy; eccentric:
еģŹֵģ
I think that person is a little off.
ҾǸеŹ
Started on the way; going:
ʼ·ģ׼ߵģ
I'm off to see the president.
ȥ
Absent or away from work or duty:
ϰ뿪ְģ
He's off every Tuesday.
ÿڶϢ
Spent away from work or duty:
ݼٵģ뿪ְжȹ
My off day is Saturday.
ҵϢ
Being on the right side of an animal or a vehicle.
ڣұߵ
Being the animal or vehicle on the right.
ұ߶ģұߵ
Nautical Farthest from the shore; seaward.
 򺣵ģ밶Զģ򺣵
Sports Toward or designating the side of the field facing the batsman in cricket.
˶ ԱǰģڰУָԻֵһ
Off-color.
ɫ
prep.ʣ
So as to be removed or distant from:
Ϊ˱߻Զ룺
The bird hopped off the branch.
ֻ֦
Away or relieved from:
뿪ӡѿ
off duty.
°
By consuming:
ԡΪʳΪʳ
living off locusts and honey.
ԳԻȳͷΪ
With the means provided by:
ɡṩķʽ
living off my pension.
ҵϽΪ
Informal From:
ʽ ӡ
What else do you want off me?(Jimmy Breslin)
㻹õЩʲô?(ס˹)
Extending or branching out from:
ӡ֧ģ
an artery off the heart.
֧Ķ
Not up to the usual standard of:
ûдﵽͨˮ׼ģ
off his game.
ʧ
So as to abstain from:
Ϊ˽ģ
went off narcotics.
˯ȥ
Nautical To seaward of:
 򺣵ķģ
a mile off Sandy Hook.
ɣϺһӢ
v.ʣ
offed,off.ing,offs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go away; leave:
߿뿪
Off with you or I'll call the police.
߿Ҿͺ
v.tr.Slang ﶯʣٵ 
To murder.
ıɱ
?
Variant of Middle English of 
 йӢ ofı 
from Old English * see  apo- 
Դ Ӣ *μ apo- 
?
In Modern Englishthe compound prepositionoff of  is generally regarded as informal and is best avoided in formal speech and writing: 
ִӢУϽoff of һ㱻ΪǷʽģ ʽݺƷлرʹã 
He stepped off (not off of ) the platform. 
 off of ) ̨ 
Offis informal as well in its use to indicate a source: formal style requiresI borrowed it from  (not off ) my brother.  
OffָԴʱҲǷʽ÷ ʽ÷ӦǣҴ  off ) ֵǽ  

= =
offence
of.fence
AHD:[-fns] 
D.J.[*6fens]
K.K.[*6fWns]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of offense 
 offenseı

= =
offend
of.fend
AHD:[-fnd] 
D.J.[*6fend]
K.K.[*6fWnd]
v.ʣ
of.fend.ed,of.fend.ing,of.fends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in.
ʹ죺ʹˡŭ޻˺ĸ
To be displeasing or disagreeable to:
ʹˣʹ˻ܻӭ
Onions offend my sense of smell.
д̼ҵ
To transgress; violate:
룻Υ
offend all laws of humanity.
ΥԵķ
To cause to sin.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To result in displeasure:
²죺
Bad manners may offend.
òΪܵ²
To violate a moral or divine law; sin.
Υ»
To violate a rule or law:
Υ
offended against the curfew.
Υ
?
Middle English offenden 
йӢ offenden 
from Old French offendre 
Դ ŷ offendre 
from Latin offendere * see  g when- 
Դ  offendere *μ g when- 
?
offend,insult,affront,outrage
These verbs mean to cause resentment, humiliation, or hurt.Tooffend  is to cause displeasure, wounded feelings, or repugnance in another:  
ЩʶΪޡ˺Offend һ졢˵ĸоǿҵķУ  
He often offended men who might have been useful friends (John Lothrop Motley).
˺ЩԳΪѵˡ Լ˼աĪ
 Insult  implies gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness resulting in shame or embarrassment: 
 Insult  ȫȻĲСӵĴ³ȣ 
His letters . . . boil with sarcastic gibes and insulting remarks on the subject of universal suffrage (Mario Vargas Llosa).Toaffront  is to insult openly, usually intentionally:  
ѡȨϣСŷ̵ĳЦðԵԡ ¡߶˹ͰɯAffront ǹðͨΪأ  
Affronted at his impertinence, she stared at him coldly and wordlessly.
ðءԵض
Outrage  implies the flagrant violation of a person's integrity, pride, or sense of right and decency: 
Outrage  һ˵ֱϻȨɵĸоĹȻΥð 
Agnes . . . was outraged by what seemed to her Rose's callousness (Mrs. Humphry Ward).
˿ȥ˹ŭˡ ֵ·ˣ

= =
offensive
of.fen.sive
AHD:[-fns1v] 
D.J.[*6fens!v]
K.K.[*6fWns!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Disagreeable to the senses:
˲ģйٲģ
an offensive odor.
һɴ̱ǵζ
Causing anger, displeasure, resentment, or affront:
˷ŭģʹŭ졢޻ŭ
an offensive gesture.
ðԵ
Making an attack:
нģ
The offensive troops gained ground quickly.
֧ľӺܿӮ
Of, relating to, or designed for attack:
ΪϮƵģϮйصģΪϮƵģ
offensive weapons.
Ե
[?fn-] Sports Of or relating to a team having possession of a ball or puck:
[?fn-] ˶ ģֱĶйصģ
the offensive line.

n.ʣ
An attitude or a position of attack:
ƣ̬Ȼʽ
a peace offensive.
ƽ
An attack or assault:
һν򹥻
led a massive military offensive.
ȫľ¹
?
offensively
adv.ʣ
offensiveness
n.ʣ
?
offensive,disgusting,loathsome,nasty,repellent,repulsive,revolting,vile
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is extremely unpleasant to the senses or feelings: 
ЩݴеǡԸйټĻԸ鼫ġ 
an offensive remark;
һðԵĻ
disgusting language;
Żԣ
a loathsome disease;
ļ
a nasty smell;
һɶĵζ
a repellent demand;
һҪ
repulsive behavior;
ľٶ
revolting food;
Żʳ
vile thoughts. See also Synonyms at  hateful 
ɳܵ뷨 μͬ hateful

= =
offer
of.fer
AHD:[?fr, ?fr] 
D.J.[6%8f*, 6Kf*]
K.K.[6%f+, 6$f+]
v.ʣ
of.fered,of.fer.ing,of.fers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To present for acceptance or rejection; proffer:
ףṩʸʹԷܻ򱻶Էܾ׳
offered me a drink.
Һһ
To put forward for consideration; propose:
Թǣ
offer an opinion.
һֹ۵
To present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement:
ʹҪõ㣺
offered new statistics in order to facilitate the decision-making process.
ṩµԼӿĹ
To present for sale.
ۣṩ۳
To provide; furnish:
ṩṩװ
a hotel that offers conference facilities.
ṩõù
To propose as payment; bid.
ۣļǮ
To present as an act of worship:
Ϊһֳ羴Ϊ
offer up prayers.

To exhibit readiness or desire to do; volunteer:
ʾԸ⣺չʾ׼õ״̬ȥԸ־Ը
offered to carry the packages.
־ԸЩ
To put up; mount:
ʩԣУֿʩԣ
partisans who offered strong resistance to the invaders.
ʩǿҵֿλ
To threaten:
в
offered to leave without them if they didn't hurry.
в˵ǲͱһ
To produce or introduce on the stage:
ݣ̨ϲܣ
The repertory group is offering two new plays this season.
ν¾
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To present an offering in worship or devotion.
ṩΪ
To make an offer or a proposal, especially of marriage.
飺ָ
To present itself:
֣Լ
This plan was dropped, because of its risk, and because a better offered(T.E. Lawrence)
ƻˣΪ̫ðգҲΪһõļƻ(T.E.˹)
n.ʣ
The act of offering:
Ϊ
an offer of assistance.
ṩ
Something, such as a suggestion, proposal, bid, or recommendation, that is offered.
类Ľ顢᰸ۻƼ
Law A proposal that if accepted constitutes a legally binding contract.
ɡ 飺Լһ᰸类ܣһԼЭ
The condition of being offered, especially for sale:
ۣṩ״ָۣ
thousands of bushels of wheat on offer.
ǧʽӴ
An attempt; a try.
ͼ
A show of intention.
ͼ¶
?
Middle English offren 
йӢ offren 
from Old English offrian [to present in worship] 
Դ Ӣ offrian [] 
and from Old French offrir [to propose, present] 
Դ ŷ offrir [] 
both from Latin offerre [to present, offer] 
Դ  offerre [] 
ob- [to] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
ferre [to bring] * see  bher- 1
ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
offerer  
offeror
n.ʣ
?
offer,proffer,tender,present
These verbs are compared as they mean to put before another for acceptance or rejection.
ЩʽбȽǣǾΪһǰܻܾ
 Offer  is the basic general term in this group: 
 Offer  һһԵĴʣ 
the hostess offered us a cup of coffee.
Ů˸һȡ
Many department stores offer television sets.
ٻṩӻ
I offered him some money for his help.
ΪæҸһЩǮ
She offered no response (Arnold Bennett).
ûлش ŵ¡أ
 Proffer  implies voluntary action motivated especially by courtesy or generosity: 
 Proffer  òʴȶ־ԸΪ 
Mr. van der Luyden . . . proffered to Newland low-voiced congratulations (Edith Wharton).Totender  is to offer formally; it may connote polite observance of amenities: 
¡¬´½ʾ˵ףء ˿٣Tender ʽظ裬 òӣ 
She tendered her respects.
ʽľ⡣
The chief of staff is expected to tender his resignation this week.
׼ύĴְ顣
Present  suggests formality and often a measure of ceremony: 
Present  ʽϺʽϵһַʽ 
The impresario will present an expanded series of concerts next season.
¸ڽٰһδ͵ϵֻᡣ
The ambassador presented her credentials to the monarch.
⽻ٽ֤ʽ
A footman entered, and presented . . . some mail on a silver tray (Winston Churchill).
һ۽ϵһЩżˡ ˹١𼪶

= =
office
of.fice
AHD:[?f1s, ?f1s] 
D.J.[6%8f!s, 6Kf!s]
K.K.[6%f!s, 6$f!s]
n.Abbr. off.ʣд off.
A place in which business, clerical, or professional activities are conducted.
칫칫ңҵְҵԻһط
The administrative personnel, executives, or staff working in such a place.
칫ҡְԱڰ칫ҹԱְԱ
A duty or function assigned to or assumed by someone.See Synonyms at function 
ְĳ˻ΪĳӦְμ function
A position of authority, duty, or trust given to a person, as in a government or corporation:
ְλڹ˾ţĳ˵Ȩְεְλ
the office of vice president.
ͳְλ
A subdivision of a governmental department:
ŵϸ֣
the U.S. Patent Office.
רȨ
A major executive division of a government:
Ĳ֡һҪ֣
the British Home Office.
Ӣ
A public position:
ְ
seek office.
ҹְ
offices Chiefly British The parts of a house, such as the laundry and kitchen, in which servants carry out household work.
 offices Ӣ ϴ´һ֣ϴ¼ͳ˽м
Often offices A usually beneficial act performed for another.
  offices æһΪ˶Ϊ
Ecclesiastical A ceremony, rite, or service, usually prescribed by liturgy, especially:
̻᡿ ʥ£һʽǣͨʽ涨ģǣ
The canonical hours.
Ϻ̹ʱ
A prayer service in the Anglican Church, such as Morning or Evening Prayer.
տΣӢеһʽ糿ĺ
A ceremony, rite, or service for a special purpose, especially a rite for the dead.
רĿʽһרĿʽָΪ߽еʽ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
office furniture; office buildings.
칫Ҿߣ칫¥
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [duty] 
Դ ŷ [ְ] 
from Latin officium * see  dh?- 
Դ  officium *μ dh?- 

= =
officer
of.fi.cer
AHD:[?f1-sr, ?f1-] 
D.J.[6%8f!s*, 6Kf!-]
K.K.[6%f!s+, 6$f!-]
n.Abbr. off.ʣд off.
One who holds an office of authority or trust in an organization, such as a corporation or government.
˾еĸ߼ְԱһУ繫˾ӵȨְλε
One who holds a commission in the armed forces.
٣ھӵְλ
A person licensed in the merchant marine as master, mate, chief engineer, or assistant engineer.
̴ĸ߼Աһ̴ִյĴ󸱡ܹʦʦ
A police officer.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French officier 
Դ ŷ officier 
from Medieval Latin offic3s 
Դ  offic3s 
from Latin officium [service, duty] * see  office 
Դ  officium [ְ] *μ office

= =
official
of.fi.cial
AHD:[-f1shl] 
D.J.[*6f!.*l]
K.K.[*6f!.*l]
adj.Abbr. off.ݴʣд off.
Of or relating to an office or a post of authority:
ְϵģְȨְλйصģ
official duties.

Authorized by a proper authority; authoritative:
ȨģʵȨڵģ
official permission.
ʽ׼
Holding office or serving in a public capacity:
ְģְڹְܲз
an official representative.
һٷĴ
Characteristic of or befitting a person of authority; formal:
ʽȨΪĻʺȨģʽ
an official banquet.
һʽ
Authorized by or contained in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary. Used of drugs.
ҩģҩҩȨĻеġҩ
n.Abbr. off.ʣд off.
One who holds an office or a position, especially one who acts in a subordinate capacity for an institution such as a corporation or governmental agency.
ԱְԱһְˣָ繫˾
Sports A referee or an umpire.
˶ 
?
From Middle English [ecclesiastical officer] 
Դ йӢ [̻Ա] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin offici3s [an attendant of an office] 
Դ  offici3s [칫ҵķԱ] 
from officium [duty, service] * see  office 
Դ officium [Σ] *μ office
?
officialdom
n.ʣ
officially
adv.ʣ

= =
offset
off.set
AHD:[?fst, ?f-] 
D.J.[6%8f7set, 6Kf-]
K.K.[6%f7sWt, 6$f-]
n.ʣ
An agent, an element, or a thing that balances, counteracts, or compensates for something else.
һƽ⡢кͻ򲹳һԼԪص
One thing set off or developed from something else.
һ﷢չ֮
The start or initial stage; the outset.
ʼˣʼʼ׶
Architecture A ledge or recess in a wall formed by a reduction in thickness above; a setoff.
ѧ ڽףΪϷǽڵĺȶγɵǽֻ򰼴
Botany A shoot that develops laterally at the base of a plant, often rooting to form a new plant.
ֲѧ ֦뾥һֲԲɵֲ֦ͨһֲ
Geology A spur of a mountain range or hills.
ѧ ɽ֧һɽĺ
A bend in a pipe, bar, or other straight continuous piece made to allow it to pass around an obstruction.
ܣͷܣӡ˻ֱĶһ䣬ʹܱܿһϰ
A short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line in surveying, used to help in calculating the area of an irregular plot.
֧ࣺڲУߴֱõһ̵ľ룬԰һС֮
A descendant of a race or family; an offshoot.
֧壬ϵһĺ᣻֧ϵ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
An unintentional or faulty transfer of wet ink from a printed sheet to another surface in contact with it.Also called  setoff 
ƽӡˢʧһӡֽδɵīתӡֽŵıҲ  setoff
Offset printing.
ӡ
v.ʣ
off.set,off.set.ting,off.sets[?fst, ?f-, ?f-st, ?f-]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for:
ƽ⡢кͻ򲹳
fringe benefits designed to offset low salaries.
Բ͹ʵĶ⸣
Printing 
ӡˢ 
To cause (printed matter) to transfer or smear on another surface.
ƽӡˢʹӡģīתƵͿĨһı
To produce by offset printing.
ýӡ
To make or form an offset in (a wall, bar, or pipe).
ʹڣǽ˻ӣγɱڽ׻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To develop, project, or be situated as an offset.
ʼչΪʼĽ׶ηչɡƳɻʹڿʼ׶
Printing To become marked by or cause an unintentional transfer of ink.
ӡˢ ӡתӡīˮӡ
?
offset
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
offspring
off.spring
AHD:[?fspr1ng, ?f-] 
D.J.[6%8f7spr!0, 6Kf-]
K.K.[6%f7spr!0, 6$f-]
n.ʣ
 offspring 
The progeny or descendants of a person, an animal, or a plant considered as a group.
ˡֲܳƣ
A child of particular parentage.
ĺ
A result; a product.

?
Middle English ofspring 
йӢ ofspring 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
of [off] * see  off 
of [뿪] *μ off
springan [to rise] 
springan [Դ] 

= =
often
of.ten
AHD:[?fn, ?fn, ?ftn, ?f-] 
D.J.[6%8f*n, 6Kf*n, 6%8ft*n, 6Kf-]
K.K.[6%f*n, 6$f*n, 6%ft*n, 6$f-]
adv.ʣ
of.ten.er,of.ten.est 
Many times; frequently.
أεأƵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration  probably influenced by selden [seldom] 
   seldenӰ [ٵ] 
of oft 
 oftı仯 
from Old English * see  upo 
Դ Ӣ *μ upo 

= =
oh
oh
AHD:[?] 
D.J.[*&]
K.K.[o]
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express strong emotion, such as surprise, fear, anger, or pain.
ѽԱǿ羪ȡ¡ŭʹĴ
Used in direct address:
ޣֱӶ˽
Oh, sir! You forgot your keys.
ޣԿ
Used to indicate understanding or acknowledgment of a statement.
ޣʾڳͬ
?
OH
OH
abbr.
 Ohio. 
Ohio.
?
oh
oh 2
AHD:[?] 
D.J.[*&]
K.K.[o]
n.ʣ
Zero.

?
[From the number zero's resemblance to the letter O] 
[From the number zero's resemblance to the letter O] 

= =
oil
oil
AHD:[oil] 
D.J.[%!l]
K.K.[%!l]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous mineral, vegetable, and synthetic substances and animal and vegetable fats that are generally slippery, combustible, viscous, liquid or liquefiable at room 
temperatures, soluble in various organic solvents such as ether but not in water, and used in a great variety of products, especially lubricants and fuels.
ࣺһִӿֲĺ˹ϳԼֲͣһΪʪȼճҺ̬ĻΪҺ壬ڸлܼᣬˮڴĲ
Ʒر󻬼ȼ
Petroleum.
ʯ
A petroleum derivative, such as a machine oil or lubricant.
ʯͻ󻬼
A substance with an oily consistency.
״лճȵ
Oil paint.
ͻ
A painting done in oil paint.
ͻƷ
Insincere flattery.
лά
v.tr.ﶯʣ
oiled,oil.ing,oils 
To lubricate, supply, cover, or polish with oil.
ͣʹ⻬͸ǻʹ
?
oil (someone's) hand 
oil (someone's) palm ʽ
To bribe:
лߣ
an attorney who tried to oil the judge's hand in order to obtain a directed verdict favorable to his client.
Ϊʹоί˵ľ򷨹лߵʦ
To give a tip to:
Сѣ
oiled the headwaiter's palm.
С
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French oile 
Դ ŷ oile 
from Latin oleum [olive oil] 
Դ  oleum [] 
from Greek elaion, .elaiwon 
Դ ϣ elaion, elaiwon 
from elaia, elaiw3} [olive] 
Դ elaia, elaiw3} [] 

= =
okay
o.kay
AHD:[?-k3] 
D.J.[*&6ke!]
K.K.[o6ke]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
interj.̾ʣ
Variant of OK 1
 OKı1

= =
old
old
AHD:[?ld] 
D.J.[*&ld]
K.K.[old]
adj.ݴʣ
old.er,old.est 
Having lived or existed for a relatively long time; far advanced in years or life.
ϵģϵģѴ˻һԽϳʱڵģͻߵ
Relatively advanced in age:
곤ģԽϳģ
Pamela is our oldest child.
ĺ
Made long ago; in existence for many years:
¾ɵģϵģܶǰģģ
an old book.
һ
Of or relating to a long life or to people who have had long lives:
ٵģйسٵĻߵģ
a ripe old age.

Having or exhibiting the physical characteristics of age:
ϵģֳϵģ
a prematurely old face.
δ˥
Having or exhibiting the wisdom of age; mature:
ģлֳǵģģ
a child who is old for his years.
˵Եóĺ
Having lived or existed for a specified length of time:
ģһʱ䳤˵ģ
She was 12 years old.
ʮ
Belonging to a remote or former period in history; ancient:
ϵģŴģңԶģǰʷʱڵģ
old fossils.
ŴĻʯ
Belonging to or being of an earlier time:
ǰģڻڽһʱڵģ
her old classmates.
ľʱͬѧ
Often Old Abbr. O,o.Being the earlier or earliest of two or more related objects, stages, versions, or periods.
  Old д O,o.ģ׶Ρ汾׶нĻһ
Geology 
ѧ 
Having become slower in flow and less vigorous in action. Used of a river.
͵ģϱ仺ģôļġݺ
Having become simpler in form and of lower relief. Used of a landform.
͵ģΪ򵥵ġƽġݵ
Exhibiting the effects of time or long use; worn:
¾ɵģֳʱ˺ܾõӰģƾɵģ
an old coat.
һƾɵ
Known through long acquaintance; long familiar:
ϤģʶϾõģ
an old friend.
һ
Skilled or able through long experience; practiced.
ģͨڵľмģо
Often ol' [?l] 
  ol' [?l] 
Used as an intensive:
ǿʣ
Come back any old time. Don't give me any ol' excuse.
ԭʱָǸ
Used to express affection or familiarity:
ڱǻϤ
Good ol' Sam.
ɽķ
n.ʣ
An individual of a specified age:
һˣ
a five-year-old.See Usage Note at elder 1
һĺӲμ elder1
Old people considered as a group. Used withthe : 
˵ܳƣthe ã 
caring for the old.
չ
Former times; yore:
ʱ
in days of old.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English eald * see  al- 2
Դ Ӣ eald *μ al- 2
?
oldness
n.ʣ
?
old,ancient,archaic,antediluvian,obsolete,antique,antiquated
These adjectives describe what belongs to or dates from an earlier time or period.
ЩݴЩڻ׷ݵһʱʱڵĶ
 Old  is the most general term: 
 Old  һԵʣ 
old lace;
ƾɵЬ
an old saying;
ϵ
old colleagues;
ͬ£
an old Dutch painting.
һŴͻ
Ancient  pertains to the distant past: 
Ancient  רָңԶĹȥ 
the hills,/Rock-ribbed, and ancient as the sun (William Cullen Bryant).
ɽֵ/̫һϡ סأ
 Archaic  implies a very remote, often primitive period: 
 Archaic  ʾңԶԭʼʱڣ 
an archaic Greek bronze of the seventh centuryb.c.  
Ԫǰ 7͹ϣͭ 
He was convicted under an archaic statute that had never been repealed.
һʱδȡķ
Antediluvian  applies to what is so old and outdated that it seems to belong to the period preceding the biblical Flood: 
Antediluvian  ָĳ˵Ĺʱʥصĺˮʱǰģ 
lived in a ramshackle, antediluvian tenement;
סһҡҡ׹̫ڳ¾ɵ۹Ԣ
a branch of one of your antediluvian families (William Congreve).
Щϵļеһ֧ 򣩡
 Obsolete  indicates the fact of having fallen into disuse: 
 Obsolete  ָѲʹõʵ 
an obsolete custom;
ʱϰߣ
obsolete methods of research.
ѹʱо
Either man is obsolete or war is (R. Buckminster Fuller).
ʱ˾սˡ (RͿ˹ءգ
 Antique  is applied both to what is very old and to what is especially appreciated or valued because of its age: 
 Antique  ָʮֹϵĶָԶмֵĶ 
in hat of antique shape (Matthew Arnold). 
ŹŶʽñӡ ޡŵ£ 
She collects antique French furniture and porcelains.
ѼʽķҾߺʹ
Antiquated  describes what is out of date, no longer fashionable, or discredited: 
Antiquated  ʱģʱֵĻʹŵ 
No idea is so antiquated that it was not once modern.No idea is so modern that it will not someday be antiquated (Ellen Glasgow).See also Synonyms at  elderly 
뷨̫ʱˣˡ뷨ǳʱ£ôʱġ ˹磩μͬ elderly

= =
omit
o.mit
AHD:[?-m1t] 
D.J.[*&6m!t]
K.K.[o6m!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.mit.ted,o.mit.ting,o.mits 
To fail to include or mention; leave out:
©ûаἰ
omit a word.
©һ
To pass over; neglect.
ӣ
To desist or fail in doing; forbear.
ֹͣ
?
Middle English omitten 
йӢ omitten 
from Latin omittere 
Դ  omittere 
ob- [against, away] * see  ob- 
ob- [ݣ] *μ ob-
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 

= =
on
on
AHD:[?n, ?n] 
D.J.[Kn, %8n]
K.K.[$n, %n]
prep.ʣ
Used to indicate position above and supported by or in contact with:
ڡϣڱʾڡϼ֧Ż롭Ӵλã
The vase is on the table. We rested on our hands and knees.
ƿϡǰͷֺϥϢ
Used to indicate contact with or extent over (a surface) regardless of position:
ڡ棺ʾλýӴĳһϣ
a picture on the wall; a rash on my back.
ǽϹŵһұϳ
Used to indicate location at or along:
ʾλڻţ
the pasture on the south side of the river; a house on the highway.
Ӱϱߵٹ·ߵķ
Used to indicate proximity:
ʾӽ
a town on the border.
߽һ
Used to indicate attachment to or suspension from:
ʾڡϻڡ
beads on a string.
ϸ
Used to indicate figurative or abstract position:
ԱʾĻλã
on the young side, but experienced; on her third beer; stopped on chapter two.
൱ᣬʮ㣻ȵơʱڶΪֹ
Used to indicate actual motion toward, against, or onto:
򡭣ڱʾʵʵĶ򣬶šڡϣ
jumped on the table; the march on Washington.
ϣʢٵĽ
Used to indicate figurative or abstract motion toward, against, or onto:
򡭣ڡϣڱʾ˶ĳ򣬶šڡ֮ϣ
going on six o'clock; came on the answer by accident.
ˣżȻҵ˴
Used to indicate occurrence at a given time:
ڱʾ¼ĳָʱ䣺
on July third; every hour on the hour.
һ죻ʱʱ̿
Used to indicate the particular occasion or circumstance:
Աʾĳһضϣ
On entering the room, she saw him.
һ㿴
Used to indicate the object affected by actual, perceptible action:
ţڱʾʵʵġܲΪӰ쵽Ŀ꣺
The spotlight fell on the actress. He knocked on the door.
۹ưѹ⼯дŮԱϣ
Used to indicate the object affected by a figurative action:
ԣڱʾһжӰ쵽Ŀ꣺
Have pity on them.
ǰ
Used to indicate the object of an action directed, tending, or moving against it:
ţţڱʾжָĿ꣺
an attack on the fortress.
ԳǱϮ
Used to indicate the object of perception or thought:
˼ڱʾо˼Ķ
gazed on the vista; meditated on his actions.
עŷ羰߻ж
Used to indicate the agent or agency of a specified action:
ΪԭڱʾĳһضΪûĳһΪаĶ
cut his foot on the broken glass; talked on the telephone.
鲣Ľˣͨ绰
Used to indicate a medicine or other corrective taken or undertaken routinely:
ãڱʾйɻ򾭳ԷõҩΪ
went on a strict diet.
ϸʳ
Used to indicate a substance that is the cause of an addiction, a habit, or an altered state of consciousness:
ڣ񫡢ϰ߻ʶ״̬ıʣ
high on dope.
״̬
Used to indicate a source or basis:
ݣڱʾԴ
We will reach our judgments not on intentions or on promises but on deeds and on results(Margaret Thatcher)
ǽʵͽĿĻŵжϡ(ءж)
Used to indicate the state or process of:
ʾ״̬̣
on leave; on fire; on the way.
ݼ٣Ż;
Used to indicate the purpose of:
ͼ
travel on business.

Used to indicate a means of conveyance:
ʾͷʽ
ride on a train.

Used to indicate availability by means of:
ʾõķʾáʽȡ
beer on tap; a physician on call.
ʱȡõơƣʱĴ
Used to indicate belonging to:

a nurse on the hospital staff.
ҽԺְĻʿ
Used to indicate addition or repetition:
ʾӻظ
heaped error on error.
ϼӴ
Concerning; about:
漰ڣ
a book on astronomy.
йѧ鼮
Concerning and to the disadvantage of:
Ҳڣ
We have some evidence on him.
һЩ֤
Informal In one's possession; with:
ʽ ӵУţ
I haven't a cent on me.
һǮû
At the expense of; compliments of:
ԡΪۣά
drinks on the house.
ѵ
adv.ʣ
In or into a position or condition of being supported by or in contact with something:
ڡϣڻܵĳ֧ŻĳӴλû״̬
Put the coffee on.
ӿ
In or into a position of being attached to or covering something:
ţڸǣڻ뵽ӻ򸲸ĳλϣ
Put your clothes on.
·
In the direction of something:
ĳķϣ
He looked on while the ship docked.
ͷʱһֱڹۿ
Toward or at a point lying ahead in space or time; forward:
ǰǰλڿռʱ֮ǰ
The play moved on to the next city.
תƵһݳ
At or to a more distant point in time or space:
ԺأڻʱռϸԶһ㣺
I'll do it later on.
Ժ
In a continuous course:
ĹУ
He worked on quietly.
һֱĬĬع
In or into performance or operation:
ִУڻִлУ
Turn on the radio.

In progress or action; in a state of activity:
չڽչжУ״̬£
The show must go on.
ݳȥ
In or at the present position or condition:
λڻ״ִ£
stay on; hang on.
ά״ҵ绰
In a condition of being scheduled for or decided upon:
ԭƻأԤȰŻѾ״̬£
There is a party on tonight.
Ҫһۻ
adj.ݴʣ
Being in operation:
еģ
The television is on.
ӻǿŵ
Engaged in a given function or activity, such as a vocal or dramatic role:
ĳģõĻĳݳϷеĽɫ
You're on in five minutes!
Ӻϳ
Under or behaving as if under observation:
עģעµĻעжģ
A minister is always on.
Ϊڱע
Slang Functioning or performing at a high degree of competence or energy:
ٵ ԽģԸ̶߳Ȼûִеģ
The goalie is really on.
Աֳɫ
Planned; intended:
ƻģģ
Our calendar is open; we have nothing on for this weekend.
ճ̱ǿյģĩûʲôƻ
Happening; taking place:
ģֵģ
The parade is on.
ڽ
?
be on toٵ
To be aware of or have information about:
֪ʶʶ֪
You'll never deceive us again; we're on to you.
ҲƭˣʶĹ
on and off
Intermittently.
ϵأ
on and on
Without stopping; continuously.
޼ϵأϵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English an, on * see  an- 
Դ Ӣ an, on *μ an- 
?
To indicate motion toward a position,bothon  and onto  can be used:  
ʾĳһλõƶʱon  on to ʹã  
The cat jumped on the table.
The cat jumped on the table 
The cat jumped onto the table.
The cat jumped onto the table
Ontois more specific, however, in indicating that the motion was initiated from an outside point.He wandered onto the battlefield  means that he began his wandering at some point off 
the battlefield. He wandered on the battlefield  may mean that his wandering began on the battlefield.  In constructions whereon  is an adverb attached to a verb, it should not be 
joined withto  to form the single word onto: 
Onto壬 ʾĶǴһ㿪ʼġHe wandered onto the battlefield ָǴսһ㿪ʼεġ He wandered on the battlefield Ϊսʼ
εġ on ڽṹΪӶʵĸʱ Ӧúto һγһĴ onto 
move on to (not onto ) new subjects; 
תƵ onto ) µĿ  
hold on to (not onto ) our gains.   
ס onto ) ǵĳɹ  
In their uses to indicate spatial relations,on  and upon  are often interchangeable:  
ڱʾռĹϵϣon  upon Ի  
It was resting on (or upon ) two supports. 
ڣ upon ) ֤ 
She took it on (or upon ) herself to finish the project. 
 upon ) Ŀ 
We saw a finch light on (or upon ) a bough.  
ǿ֦ͣţ upon ) һֻȸ  
To indicate a relation between two things, however, instead of between an action and an end point,upon cannot always be used:  
ڱʾ֮ĹϵǱʾһΪΪյ֮Ĺϵʱupon ܱʹã  
Hand me the book on (not upon ) the table. 
Ұڣ upon ) ϡ 
It was the only town on (not upon ) the main line.  
ǣ upon ) ҪΨһĳ  
Similarly,upon  cannot always be used in place of on when the relation is not spatial:  
֮ͬϵǿռϵĹϵʱupon  on   
He wrote a book on (not upon ) alchemy. 
дһйأ upon ) 飻 
She will be here on (not upon ) Tuesday.  
 upon ) ڶҪ  
?
ON
ON
abbr.
Also O.N.  Old Norse. 
 Ҳ O.N. Old Norse.
 Ontario. 
Ontario.

= =
order
or.der
AHD:[?rdr] 
D.J.[6%8d*]
K.K.[6%rd+]
n.Abbr. ord.,O,O.,o.ʣд ord.,O,O.,o.
A condition of logical or comprehensible arrangement among the separate elements of a group.
˳һԪص߼ġİ״̬
A condition of methodical or prescribed arrangement among component parts such that proper functioning or appearance is achieved:
ء֯ذŸɲﵽתõ۵״̬
Order, cleanliness, seemliness make a structure that is half support, half ritual(Florida Scott-Maxwell)
ׯشһ֧֡һǷµϵ(˹ء˹)
Condition or state in general:
ܵλ״̬
in good order.

The established system of social organization:
ƣȷ֯ϵͳ
Every revolution exaggerates the evils of the old order(C. Wright Mills)
ÿθı׶ˡ(C.ء׶˹)
A condition in which freedom from disorder or disruption is maintained through respect for established authority:
ΰѽȨ𾴶һѵ״̬
finally restored order in the rebellious provinces.
ڷѵʡ½
A sequence or an arrangement of successive things.
˳һϵнӱ߷˳
The prescribed form or customary procedure:
ƶȣȶʽͳ
the order of worship.
ʽ
An authoritative indication to be obeyed; a command or direction.
Ȩıӵָָʾ
A command given by a superior military officer requiring obedience, as in the execution of a task.
ϼٷġӵִ
orders Formal written instructions to report for military duty at a specified time and place.
 orders ָʾҪڹ涨ʱ͵ص㱨ʽָʾ
A commission or an instruction to buy, sell, or supply something.
ۻӦָʾ
That which is supplied, bought, or sold.
ĻҪ󣩹Ӧָʾ
A request made by a customer at a restaurant for a portion of food.
ˣ˿ڲòʱĳһֲ˵
The food requested.
Ĳ
Law A direction or command delivered by a court or other adjudicative body and entered into the record but not necessarily included in the final judgment or verdict.
ɡ Ժָʾɷͥṹָʾ¼ڰؼжо
Ecclesiastical 
̻᡿ 
Any of several grades of the Christian ministry:
ְȼʦĵλȼ
the order of priesthood.
ʦǵĵȼ
Often orders The rank of an ordained Christian minister or priest.
  orders ְʦɮµְλ
Often orders The sacrament or rite of ordination.
  orders ְʽְְʽ
Any of the nine grades or choirs of angels.
ʹŸȼϯλеһ
A group of persons living under a religious rule:
޵᣺ڽ̹µһȺˣ
Order of Saint Benedict.
ʥƻ
An organization of people united by a common fraternal bond or social aim.
ֵܻ᣺ɹֵͬĿĶ֯
A group of people upon whom a government or sovereign has formally conferred honor for unusual service or merit, entitling them to wear a special insignia:
ѫʿţɹнܳѫҵѫµһȺˣ
the Order of the Garter.
εѫʿ
The insignia worn by such people.
ѫ£ЩǴѫ
Often orders A social class:
  orders ײ㣺
the lower orders.
µȽײ
A class defined by the common attributes of its members; a kind.
ࣺԱĵȼࣻ
Degree of quality or importance; rank:
ȼҪֵĳ̶ȣȼ
poetry of a high order.
ˮ׼ʫƪ
Architecture 
ѧ 
Any of several styles of classical architecture characterized by the type of column employed:
ͣʽֹŵ佨֮һӵΪ
the Corinthian order.
˹ʽ
A style of building:
ķ
a cathedral of the Gothic order.
ʽĽ
Biology A taxonomic category of organisms ranking above a family and below a class.See table at taxonomy 
ѧ Ŀѧλڿ֮ϡµμ taxonomy
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The sum of the exponents to which the variables in a term are raised; degree.
ڤܳƣһеıڤӣ
An indicated number of successive differentiations to be performed.
λ΢ֵָĴ
The number of elements in a finite group.
һȺеԪظ
The number of rows or columns in a determinant or matrix.
ʽлеĿ
v.ʣ
or.dered,or.der.ing,or.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To issue a command or an instruction to.See Synonyms at command 
ָʾμ command
To give a command or an instruction for:
ָʾ
The judge ordered a recount of the ballots.
ҪؼѡƱ
To direct to proceed as specified:
ָָضĳУ
ordered them off the property.
ָʾǱЩƲ
To give an order for; request to be supplied with.
¶Ҫ󹩻
To put into a methodical, systematic arrangement.See Synonyms at arrange 
ʹзϵͳرŲμ arrange
To predestine; ordain.
עעԤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give an order or orders; request that something be done or supplied.
¶¶һŻţҪӦĳ
?
in order that
So that.
Ϊ
in order to
For the purpose of.
ΪĿ
in short order
With no delay; quickly.
ģѸٵģӸ
on order
Requested but not yet delivered.
Ѷδ
on the order of
Of a kind or fashion similar to; like:
ʽ롭ƣ
a house on the order of a mountain lodge.
һɽСݵķ
Approximately; about:
ԼԼԣ
equipment costing on the order of a million dollars.
ѽԪ豸
to order
According to the buyer's specifications.
ı׼
?
Middle English ordre 
йӢ ordre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
variant of ordene 
 ordeneı 
from Latin ??}  ?rdin- * see  ar- 
Դ  ??}  ?rdin- *μ ar- 
?
orderer
n.ʣ

= =
once
once
AHD:[w?ns] 
D.J.[wJns]
K.K.[wJns]
adv.ʣ
One time only:
һΣ
once a day.
һһ
At one time in the past; formerly.
ȥĳһʱ䣻ǰ
At any time; ever:
ǰ
Once known, his face is never forgotten.
ʶ
By one degree of relationship:
ϵһģ
my first cousin once removed.
׵ĺ
n.ʣ
A single occurrence; one time:
һΣһΣ
Once will have to do. You can go just this once.
ȥһΣֻȥһ
conj.Ӵʣ
As soon as; if ever; when:
һͣһʱ
Once he goes, we can clean up.
һߣǾ
adj.ݴʣ
Having been formerly; former:
ģǰģ
the once capital of the nation.
ùǰ׶
?
at once
All at one time; simultaneously:
̣ͬʱ
Everything happened at once. The view of the skyline is at once awesome, grand, and disappointing.
е¶һˡֳ̳˾ηġ׳ĺ˾ɥľɫ
Immediately; instantly:
ϣ
Leave the room at once.
뿪
?
Middle English ones 
йӢ ones 
from on [one] 
Դ on [һ] 
from Old English 3n * see  oi-no- 
Դ Ӣ 3n *μ oi-no- 

= =
one
one
AHD:[w?n] 
D.J.[wJn]
K.K.[wJn]
adj.ݴʣ
Being a single entity, unit, object, or living being; not two or more.
һģһģһʵ塢Ԫģ߸
Characterized by unity; undivided:
ͬһģģΪصģɷֵģ
They spoke with one voice.
ͬ
Of the same kind or quality:
ͬһģͬһʵģ
two animals of one species.
ͬһ
Forming a single entity of two or more components:
һʵģҪγɵһһʵ壺
three chemicals combining into one solution.
ֻܳһҺ
Being a single member or element of a group, category, or kind:
һԱģһҪصģΪһ顢һŻһеһԱһҪصģ
I'm just one player on the team.
ֻеһԱ
Being a single thing in contrast with or relation to another or others of its kind:
ͬණͬģͬһԻصһ
One day is just like the next.
ÿ춼һ
Occurring or existing as something indefinite, as in time or position:
ĳһʱĳһȷʱ䷢ֵģʱλϣ
He will come one day.
һ
Occurring or existing as something particular but unspecified, as in time past:
ȥʱ䣩ĳһضģĳĳֻڣȥʱ䣺
late one evening.
ĳһ
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ǿ
That is one fine dog.
һĹ
Being the only individual of a specified or implied kind:
ضģضָеΨһ壺
the one person I could marry; the one horse that can win this race.
ΨһԸ޵ˣΨһӮα
n.ʣ
The cardinal number, represented by the symbol 1, designating the first such unit in a series.
һ÷1ʾһϵĵԪеĵһ
A single person or thing; a unit:
һһ˻һԪ
This is the one I like best.
ϲһ
pron.ʣ
An indefinitely specified individual:
ĳˣ
She visited one of her cousins.
ȥݷһλ
An unspecified individual; anyone:
δָˣκһˣ
The older one grows the more one likes indecency(Virginia Woolf)
ϲֱɵС(ǡֶ)
?
at one
In accord or unity.
һ£
one and all
Everyone.
ÿˣȫ
one by one
Individually in succession.
һһ
?
Middle English on 
йӢ on 
from Old English 3n * see  oi-no- 
Դ Ӣ 3n *μ oi-no- 
?
When constructions headed byone  appear as the subject of a sentence or relative clause, there may be a question as to whether the verb should be singular or plural.Such a 
construction is exemplified in the sentenceOne of every ten rotors was found defective.  Although the pluralwere  is sometimes used in such sentences, an earlier survey found that the 
singular was preferred by a large majority of the Usage Panel. Another problem is raised by constructions such asone of those people who  or its variants. In the sentenceThe defeat 
turned out to be one of the most costly blows that were ever inflicted on our forces,  most grammarians would hold that the pluralwere  is correct, in as much as the subject of the verb is 
the plural nounblows.  However, constructions of this sort are often used with a singular verb even by the best writers.Note also that when the phrase containingone  is introduced by 
the definite article, the verb in the relative clause must be singular: 
one ͷĽṹΪһӻϵӾʱ ͳֶõǸ⣬ھÿʮתһΪƷ еֽṹ Ȼwere ʱ
־У һڵĵ鷢÷רʹСĴ󲿷ֳԱõһone of those people who Ľṹ仯ġ ھThe defeat 
turned out to be one of the most costly blows that were ever inflicted on our forces, , ﷨ѧøwere ȷģ ԼҪڶʵǸblow ¡ 
Ȼֽṹ뵥ãҲáҲҪע⵱one Ķﱻڴʱ صĴӾеĶһҪõ 
He is the only one of the students who has (not have ) already taken Latin.  See Usage Note at he 1
ЩѧΨһһ have ) ѧˡ  μ he1

= =
oneself
one.self
AHD:[w?n-slf]  Ҳ one's self [w?n slf, w?nz slf] 
D.J.[wJn6self] Ҳ one's self [wJn 6self, wJnz 6self]
K.K.[wJn6sWlf] Ҳ one's self [wJn 6sWlf, wJnz 6sWlf]
pron.ʣ
One's own self:
ԣ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the object of a preposition:
ԼʣΪֱӱӱܴʣʱܴʣ
One can congratulate oneself on one's victories.
һҲԼףԼʤ
Used in an absolute construction:
ڶṹ
When in charge oneself, one may rearrange the committees as one pleases.
ԼʱԸԼԸ°ίԱ
One's normal or healthy condition or state.
һ˵Ļ򽡿״״̬

= =
onion
on.ion
AHD:[?nyn] 
D.J.[6Jnj*n]
K.K.[6Jnj*n]
n.ʣ
A bulbous plant(Allium cepa)  cultivated worldwide as a vegetable. 
Уһ״ֲ  Ϊһ߲ر㷺ֲ 
The rounded, edible bulb of this plant, composed of fleshy, tight, concentric leaf bases having a pungent odor and taste.
ͷֲ۾ɽͬԲɣд̱ǵζζ
?
Middle English oinyon 
йӢ oinyon 
from Old French oignon 
Դ ŷ oignon 
from Latin uni?}  uni?n- 
Դ  uni?}  uni?n- 

= =
only
on.ly
AHD:[?nl?] 
D.J.[6*&nli8]
K.K.[6onli]
adj.ݴʣ
Alone in kind or class; sole.
Ψһģ򼶱ڲͬģص
Standing alone by reason of superiority or excellence.
ڵģܳͻ
adv.ʣ
Without anyone or anything else; alone:
أûԵأ
room for only one passenger.
˿ͷ
At the very least:

If you would only come home. The story was only too true.
ֻҪϻؼǧȷ
And nothing else or more:
ֻУ
I only work here.
ֻ﹤
Exclusively; solely:
רŵأΨһأ
facts known only to us.
Щֻǲ֪
In the last analysis or final outcome:
ķս
actions that will only make things worse.
ʹΪ
With the final result; nevertheless:
ս֣Ȼ
received a raise only to be laid off.
нĽֻǱǲ
As recently as:
أ
called me only last month.
ϸ¸֪ͨ
In the immediate past:
ղţ
only just saw her.
ղŻ
conj.Ӵʣ
Were it not that; except.
磻
With the restriction that; but:
ǣǣ
You may go, only be careful.
ȥҪС
However; and yet:
ȻϾ
The merchandise is well made, only we can't use it.
Ʒ£Ȼǲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 3oc} 
Դ Ӣ 3oc} 3n [one] * see  one 3n [һ] *μ one
-loc [having the form of] * see  -ly 1
-loc [ʽ] *μ -ly1
?
When used as an adverb,only  should be placed with care to avoid ambiguity. Generally this means havingonly  adjoin the word or words that it limits. Variation in the placement ofonly  
can change the meaning of the sentence, as the following examples show: 
only ʱӦעģ һ˵ζŰonly ڱ޶ʵԱߡ Only λõĸı䣬 ıӵݣ磺 
Dictators respect only force;
ֻͬ
they are not moved by words.
ǲᱻԴ򶯡
 Dictators only respect force;
ֻȨ
they do not worship it.
ǲ
She picked up the receiver only when he entered, not before.
һͽӵ˵绰
She only picked up the receiver when he entered;
ֻʱӵ绰
she didn't dial the number. 
ûв绰 
Though strict grammarians insist that the rule for placement ofonly  should always be followed, there are occasions when placement ofonly  earlier in the sentence seems much more 
natural. In the following exampleonly  is placed according to the rule:  
Ȼϸ﷨ѧӦѭonly λõ÷ ʱonly ڵľӿͷʮȻ only λǰŵģ  
The committee can make its decision by Friday of next week only if it receives a copy of the latest report. 
ίԱֻյı󣬲ſ 
Placement ofonly  earlier in the sentence, immediately after can,  would serve the rhetorical function of warning the reader that a condition on the statement follows.See Usage Note at 
not 
Only λý can ĺھӿͷ õװѶߺһμ not

= =
onto
on.to
AHD:[?nt?, -t, ?n-] 
D.J.[6Kn7tu8, -t*, 6%8n-]
K.K.[6$n7tu, -t*, 6%n-]
prep.ʣ
On top of; to a position on; upon:
֮ϣڡˣһλϣڡ棺
The dog jumped onto the chair.See Usage Note at on 
μ on
Informal Fully aware of; informed about:
ʽ ֪ǳϤ˽⣺
The police are onto the robbers' plans.
ֶٷı
adj.Mathematics ݴʣѧ 
Of, relating to, or being a mapping such that every element of the set referred to is the image of an element in another.
ӳɵģһеÿһԪأӳΪһһԪصģ֮йصģΪ

= =
opaque
o.paque
AHD:[?-p3k] 
D.J.[*&6pe!k]
K.K.[o6pek]
adj.ݴʣ
Impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor translucent.
͸ģܱߴ͸ģȲ͸Ҳǰ͸
Not reflecting light; having no luster:
ߵģûйģ
an opaque finish.
һ־Ϳ
Impenetrable by a form of radiant energy other than visible light:
߲ܴ͸ģ赲ɼ֮ĸַģ
a chemical solution opaque to x-rays.
һXⲻܴ͸Ļѧ
So obscure as to be unintelligible:
ɬģ
opaque, elusive, minimal meanings(John Simon)
׵˼(Լ)
Obtuse of mind; dense.See Synonyms at dark 
޶۵ģޱĲμ dark
n.ʣ
Something that is opaque, especially an opaque pigment used to darken parts of a photographic print or negative.
͸ϣ͸ͿϣָӰƬӰİһֲ͸Ϳ
?
Middle English opake [shady] 
йӢ opake [ڹ] 
and French opaque [opaque]  from Old French [shady] 
  opaque [͸]  Դ ŷ [] 
both from Latin op3s 
Դ  op3s 
?
opaquely
adv.ʣ
opaqueness
n.ʣ

= =
opening
o.pen.ing
AHD:[?p-n1ng] 
D.J.[6*&p*n!0]
K.K.[6op*n!0]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of becoming open or being made to open.
򿪻ʹŵΪ
An open space serving as a passage or gap.
ͨ׵Ŀ
A breach or an aperture.
ȱڣ
A clearing in the woods.
еģյأɭﲻľĿյ
The first part or stage, as of a book.
£ĵһֻһ
The first performance:
ݣһݳ
the opening of a play.
ⲿϷĵһݳ
A formal commencement of operation:
һʽʼ
attended the opening of the new museum.
ϯһ²ݵĿĻ
Games A specific pattern or series of beginning moves in certain games, especially chess.
Ϸ ʼвĳЩϷָ壩ʼĹ̶߷
An opportunity affording a chance of success.See Synonyms at opportunity 
ṩɹʵĻμ opportunity
An unfilled job or position; a vacancy.
пȱĹְλ

= =
opera
opera 1
AHD:[?pr-, ?pr] 
D.J.[6Kp*r*, 6Kpr*]
K.K.[6$p*r*, 6$pr*]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
A theatrical presentation in which a dramatic performance is set to music.
磺ϷԺݵֵϷ
The score of such a work.
֣ʽ
A theater designed primarily for operas.
ԺҪΪݳƵľԺ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
opera stars; an opera libretto.
ǣĸ
?
Italian [work, opera] 
 [ְҵ] 
from Latin [work, service] * see  op- 
Դ  [ְҵ] *μ op- 
?
opera
opera 2
AHD:[?pr-, ?pr-] 
D.J.[6*&p*r*, 6Kp*r*]
K.K.[6op*r*, 6$p*r*]
n.ʣ
A plural of opus 
 opusĸ

= =
operate
op.er.ate
AHD:[?p-r3t] 
D.J.[6Kp*7re!t]
K.K.[6$p*7ret]
v.ʣ
op.er.at.ed,op.er.at.ing,op.er.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform a function; work:
ִһܣ
The motor operates smoothly.

To perform surgery.

To exert an influence:
ʩӰ죺
forces operating on the economy.
Ӱ쾭
To produce a desired or proper effect:
ԤڵĻʵã
a drug that operates quickly.
ѸٲõĶƷ
To carry on a military or naval action or campaign.
о»ϻ
Informal To conduct business in an irregular or devious manner:
ʽ òĻ򲻺Ϸֶ⣺
drug dealers operating in residential and urban areas.
Ʒھе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To control the functioning of; run:
ƣתĳĹܣת
operate a sewing machine.
ʹ÷һ
To conduct the affairs of; manage:
Ӫ
operate a business.
Ӫһҵ
?
Latin oper3o}  oper3t- 
 oper3o}  oper3t- 
from opera [work] * see  op- 
Դ opera [] *μ op- 

= =
operation
op.er.a.tion
AHD:[?p-r3shn] 
D.J.[7Kp*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7$p*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. op.,Op.ʣд op.,Op.
The act or process of operating or functioning.
õΪ
The state of being operative or functional:
õĲ״̬
a factory in operation.
תеĹ
A process or series of acts involved in a particular form of work:
£ҵһ⹤ʽеһϵж̣
the operation of building a house.
ǷӵĹ
An instance or a method of efficient, productive activity:
ЧʵľӪʽ
That restaurant is quite an operation.
Ҳ͹ӪЧʺܸ
An unethical or illegal business:
µġǷĽף
a fencing operation for stolen goods.
ķǷ
Medicine A surgical procedure for remedying an injury, an ailment, a defect, or a dysfunction.
ҽѧ Ϊ޲˿ڡȱݻεƼ
Mathematics A process or an action, such as addition, substitution, transposition, or differentiation, performed in a specified sequence and in accordance with specific rules.
ѧ 㣺һһ˳еļ̣ӷ 滻΢ֵ
Computer Science An action resulting from a single instruction.
ѧ ִУɵһָΪ
A military or naval action, campaign, or mission.
жϰ½򺣾жսۻϰ
operations The headquarters or center from which a military action, flights into and out of an airfield, or other activities are controlled.
 operations սΪһж˳սָܲ
operations The division of an organization that carries out the major planning and operating functions.
 operations ߻ִвţһִܲҪƻսĻֲ

= =
operational
op.er.a.tion.al
AHD:[?p-r3sh-nl] 
D.J.[7Kp*6re!.*n*l]
K.K.[7$p*6re.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to an operation or a series of operations.
ģģһϵвйص
Of, intended for, or involved in military operations.
жģƻжģ漰ж
Fit for proper functioning; ready for use:
ʤεģõģ
an operational aircraft.
õķɻ
Being in effect or operation:
ʵеĻЧģ
de facto apartheid still operational even in the new African nations(Leslie Marmon Silko)
ʹڡµġ޹Ȼڡ(˹ɡϣ)
?
operationally
adv.ʣ

= =
operator
op.er.a.tor
AHD:[?p-r3tr] 
D.J.[6Kp*7re!t*]
K.K.[6$p*7ret+]
n.ʣ
One who operates a machine or device:
Ա豸ˣ
a switchboard operator.

The owner or manager of a business or an industrial enterprise.
ߣҵģӪ߻
One who deals aggressively in stocks or commodities.
ڹСҵ磩׵
Informal A person who is adept at accomplishing goals through shrewd or unscrupulous maneuvers.
ʽ ԼıﵽĿĵ
Mathematics A symbol, such as a plus sign, that represents an operation.
ѧ ţķţӺ
A chromosomal segment of DNA that regulates the activity of the structural genes of an operon by interacting with a specific repressor.
DNAеȾɫԪأDNAеȾɫ壬ͨһԼ໥öŴӽṹΪ

= =
opinion
o.pin.ion
AHD:[-p1nyn] 
D.J.[*6p!nj*n]
K.K.[*6p!nj*n]
n.ʣ
A belief or conclusion held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof:
۵㣺ȷŵûȷ֪ʶ֤֤һۣ
The world is not run by thought, nor by imagination, but by opinion(Elizabeth Drew)
粻˼תƣϢ(ɯס³)
A judgment based on special knowledge and given by an expert:
רҵר֪ʶĻרжϣ
a medical opinion.
ҽѧ
A judgment or an estimation of the merit of a person or thing:
ۣһ˻һŵۻжϣ
has a low opinion of braggarts.
ţߵ
The prevailing view:
ۣ
public opinion.
ڹ۵
Law A formal statement by a court or other adjudicative body of the legal reasons and principles for the conclusions of the court.
ɡ УɷԺ˾ݷԭԷԺоʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin opo?}  oponi?n- 
Դ  opo?}  oponi?n- 
?
opinion,view,sentiment,feeling,belief,conviction,persuasion
These nouns signify something a person believes or accepts as being sound or true.
Щ˼ĳŻѳɵʵ
 Opinion  is applicable to a judgment,especially a personal judgment,based on grounds insufficient to rule out the possibility of dispute: 
 Opinion  ڷԺоָ˵жϣһָݣָݲųۣܵ 
It is wise to seek a second medical opinion before submitting to surgery.
ھ֮ǰѰһֶǴ
A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own,have rendered the great Government of the United States helpless and contemptible (Woodrow Wilson).
ЩֻԼһСˣѾʹΰһͱСƵĵز 塤ѷ
 View  stresses individuality of outlook: 
 View  ǿ˵ĳЩ۵㣺 
My view is . . . that freedom of speech means that you shall not do something to people either for the views they have or the views they express (Hugo L. Black).
ΪɵĺǶӵеĹ۵Ĺ۵㣬㶼ӦμӸı䡱 Lˣ
 Sentiment  and especiallyfeeling  stress the role of emotion as a determinant:  
 Sentiment  feeling ǿΪһ־صã  
If men are to be precluded from offering their sentiments on a matter which may involve the most serious and alarming consequences . . . reason is of no use to us (George 
Washington). 
ʹǱڿܵغϸ¡ûõġ Ρʢ٣ 
The economist gave us her feelings on the causes of inflation. Abelief  is a conclusion, not necessarily derived firsthand, to which one subscribes strongly:  
λѧҸͨ͵Ĺ۵㡣 Blief һֹ۵㣬һǼŵĵһ۵㣺  
Our belief in any particular natural law cannot have a safer basis than our unsuccessful critical attempts to refute it (Karl Popper).
ǶκȻɵļŶǻŲܵԸȥƷһʵĻ 
 Conviction  is a belief that excludes doubt: 
 Conviction  һӹɵ 
Responsible journalism is journalism responsible in the last analysis to the editor's own conviction of what, whether interesting or only important, is in the public interest (Walter 
Lippmann).
мҵֱָ༭ڲȤĻҪ¶ԼҵŶԴڸ ء
 Persuasion  applies to a confidently held opinion not necessarily based on intellectual considerations: 
 Persuasion  ζżŵĹ۵㣬һ˼ 
He had a strong persuasion that Likeman was wrong (H.G. Wells).
Ǵġ  H .G.˹

= =
opponent
op.po.nent
AHD:[-p?nnt] 
D.J.[*6p*&n*nt]
K.K.[*6pon*nt]
n.ʣ
One that opposes another or others in a battle, contest, controversy, or debate.
֣ۡۡսԿͷսзԶԷ˵
adj.ݴʣ
Acting against an antagonist or opposing force:
ģΪģԵģ
opponent armies.
о
Located in front.
λǰģҪ
?
Latin opp??ns}  opp?nent- [present participle of] opp?nere [oppose] * see  oppose 
 opp??ns}  opp?nent-  [] opp?nereڷִ [Կ] *μ oppose
?
opponency
n.ʣ
?
opponent,adversary,antagonist
These nouns all mean one who offers opposition.Anopponent  opposes, resists, or combats:  
Щʶַָˡһopponent ԡֿ򷴿  
two men, one . . . a zealous supporter and the other a zealous opponent of the system pursued (Macaulay).
ˣһ֡Ƕһϵ֧ߣһǼߡ 
 Adversary  suggests a more formidable opponent and can imply animosity: 
 Adversary  ԶԸĶ֣ҿܲ⣺ 
the Adversary of God and Man,/Satan   (John Milton). 
ϵۺĶ/   Լֶأ 
And do as adversaries do in law,/Strive mightily, but eat and drink as friends (Shakespeare).Anantagonist  is an actively hostile opponent:  
ɵҪ£/¸ҵսҪѺõ ɯʿǣAntagonist ˼ǵǿҵķߣ  
He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves, and sharpens our skill.Our antagonist is our helper (Edmund Burke).See also Synonyms at  enemy 
ǲĶʹʿ˼ɡǵĶǵľǡ ɡˣμͬ enemy

= =
opportunity
op.por.tu.ni.ty
AHD:[?pr-t?n1-t?, -ty?-] 
D.J.[7Kp*6tu8n!ti8, -6tju8-]
K.K.[7$p+6tun!ti, -6tju-]
n.ʣ
 op.por.tu.ni.ties 
A favorable or advantageous circumstance or combination of circumstances.
Ļ˻Ļ
A favorable or suitable occasion or time.
Ļ᣺ʻĻʱ
A chance for progress or advancement.
ڽչĻ
?
opportunity,occasion,opening,chance,break
All these nouns refer to a favorable or advantageous circumstance or combination of circumstances.
ЩʶָһĻء
 Opportunity  is an auspicious state of affairs or a suitable time: 
 Opportunity  һ״̬ʵʱ 
He would . . . trust to time and opportunity for the gratification of his revenge (Frederick Marryat). 
ʱȫıж ¡Īأ 
If you prepare yourself . . . you will be able to grasp opportunity for broader experience when it appears (Eleanor Roosevelt).
׼һ֣ͻץסøḻĻᡣ ŵأ
 Occasion  suggests the proper time for action: 
 Occasion  ĳжʱ䣺 
Who would do ill ne'er wants [lacks] occasion  (George Herbert). 
ɴµҪȱ٣ ʱ  Ρأ 
I seized the occasion to set the record straight. Anopening  is an opportunity affording a good possibility of success:  
ץסʱ˼¼ Opening һṩɹԵĻ᣺  
The lawyer waited patiently for her opening,then exposed the inconsistency in the testimony.
ʦĵصȴĻᣬȻ¶֤ݵĲԡ
Chance  often implies an opportunity that arises through luck or accident: 
Chance  ζΪżȻֵĻ 
This is a chance for the two of you to get acquainted.
һϤĻᡣ
Don't throw this chance away;it won't come around again. Abreak  is an often sudden piece of luck, especially good luck: 
Ҫߣǲġ Break һͻȻ Ǻ 
When the star was taken ill, the understudy finally got her first big break.
ʱ油ڵõ˵һδûᡣ
The best you get is an even break (Franklin P. Adams).
һιƽĺ Pǵ˹
?
Opportunity
Op.por.tu.ni.ty
AHD:[?pr-t?n1-t?, -ty?-] 
D.J.[7Kp*6tu8n!ti8, -6tju8-]
K.K.[7$p+6tun!ti, -6tju-]
NONE޴ԣ
An unincorporated community of eastern Washington, a residential suburb of Spokane. Population, 22,326.
壺λڻʢٶһţ˹ϵһסլ˿22,326

= =
oppose
op.pose
AHD:[-p?z] 
D.J.[*6p*&z]
K.K.[*6poz]
v.ʣ
op.posed,op.pos.ing,op.pos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be in contention or conflict with:
͡ͻĳԿͻ
oppose the enemy force.
͵оͻ
To be resistant to:
ܣ
opposes new ideas.
µ
To place opposite in contrast or counterbalance.
ԣĳԶԱȻƽ
To place so as to be opposite something else.
ʹԣΪʹԶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act or be in opposition.
Կ
?
Middle English opposen [to question, interrogate] 
йӢ opposen [ʣ] 
from Old French opposer 
Դ ŷ opposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [] *μ pose1
of Latin opp?e [to oppose]  ob- [against] * see  ob-  p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
  opp? []  ob- [] *μ ob- p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
opposer
n.ʣ
?
oppose,fight,combat,resist,withstand,contest
These verbs are compared as they mean to set someone or something in opposition to another, as in an effort to overcome or defeat.
Щʱʾĳ»ĳ෴λȡʤʱ˼ġ
 Oppose  has the fewest connotations: 
 Oppose  ں٣ 
oppose a legislative bill;
ԺϷʵ
was opposed to nuclear reactors.
Ժ˷Ӧ
The idea is inconsistent with our constitutional theory and has been stubbornly opposed . . . since the early days of the Republic (E.B. White).
뷨ǵܷ۲һ̵ֱܵơԴӹ͹ھͿʼˡ (E.B.أ
 Fight   andcombat  suggest vigor and aggressiveness:  
 Fight  combat ʾͶ־  
fight corruption;
ܣ
combating disease.
ټ
All my life I have fought against prejudice and intolerance (Harry S Truman). 
ҵһΪ˷ƫƫ S³ţ 
We are not afraid . . . to tolerate any error so long as reason is left free to combat it (Thomas Jefferson).Toresist  is to strive to fend off or offset the actions, effects, or force of:  
ǲ¡ȥֻܴҪԴڣջսʤ ķ˹ѷResist ָֿһЩжЧ  
Pardon was freely extended to all who had resisted the invasion (John R. Green). 
еԵǡ ԼR֣ 
My servants . . . resisted the adoption of this plan (A.W. Kinglake).
ҵӶǾܾƻ (A.W.ˣ
 Withstand  often implies successful resistance: 
 Withstand  ָͨɹķ 
Neither the southern provinces, nor Sicily, could have withstood his power (Henry Hallam).Tocontest  is to call something into question and take an active stand against it: 
Ϸʡ¶ﶼûܶסǿ ķContest ָĳʣ òȡж۵㣺 
I don't contest your right to dispose of your property as you see fit,but I doubt the propriety of this bequest. 
ҲĲƲȨһŲĺϷ 

= =
opposite
op.po.site
AHD:[?p-z1t] 
D.J.[6Kp*z!t]
K.K.[6$p*z!t]
adj.Abbr. opp.ݴʣд opp.
Placed or located directly across from something else or from each other:
ԵģԵĻ෴ģԵģ
opposite sides of a building.

Facing the other way; moving or tending away from each other:
ģ泯һģ໥ģ
opposite directions.

Altogether different, as in nature, quality, or significance:
෴ģȻ෴ģȻԡҪԷ棺
The effect of the medication was opposite to that intended.
ҩķӦԤڵ෴
Botany Growing in pairs on either side of a stem:
ֲѧ ģ֦ɵ˫ģ
opposite leaves.
Ҷ
n.ʣ
One that is opposite or contrary to another.
ߣһԻ෴
An opponent or antagonist.
ֻ򷴷
An antonym.

adv.ʣ
In an opposite position:
ڶأ෴λã
They sat opposite at the table.

prep.ʣ
Across from or facing:
ڡ棺
parked the car opposite the bank.
ͣеĶ
In a complementary dramatic role to:
ݶϷ
He played opposite her.
ϷݶϷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin oppositus [past participle of] opp?nere [oppose] * see  oppose 
Դ  oppositus  [] opp?nereĹȥִ [Կ] *μ oppose
?
oppositely
adv.ʣ
oppositeness
n.ʣ
?
opposite,contrary,antithetical,contradictory
These adjectives mean marked by a natural or innate and irreconcilable opposition.Two things that are altogether different areopposite :  
Щݴ˼ȻĻĺͲɵ͵໥жԡȫͬopposite   
Antonyms are words of opposite meaning.
ָ˼෴Ĵʡ
It is said that opposite characters make a union happiest (Charles Reade).
˵Ը෴ܹһĽϡ ˹£ 
 Contrary  stresses extreme divergence: 
 Contrary  ǿȵĲͬ 
Democrats and Republicans often hold contrary opinions.
͹͵ʿͨ෴
Antithetical  emphasizes diametrical opposition: 
Antithetical  ǿȫ෴ 
She engaged in practices entirely antithetical to her professed beliefs.
ΪԼǽȻ෴ġ
Contradictory  implies denial or inconsistency: 
Contradictory  ʾһַ񶨺Ͳһ£ 
contradictory attributes of unjust justice and loving vindictiveness (John Morley).
ͱìܵص Լë

= =
oppress
op.press
AHD:[-prs] 
D.J.[*6pres]
K.K.[*6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
op.pressed,op.press.ing,op.press.es 
To keep down by severe and unjust use of force or authority:
ѹȣȣϿĻȨȨѹ
a people who were oppressed by tyranny.
ѹȵ
To weigh heavily on:
ʩѹڣ
Poverty oppresses the spirit.
ƶĥǵ
Obsolete To overwhelm or crush.
 ߸ѹ
?
Middle English oppressen 
йӢ oppressen 
from Old French opresser 
Դ ŷ opresser 
back-formation from oppression [oppression] 
Դ oppression湹 [ѹ] 
from Latin oppressi?}  oppressi?n- 
Դ  oppressi?}  oppressi?n- 
from oppressus [past participle of] opprimere 
Դ oppressus  [] opprimereĹȥִ 
ob- [against] * see  ob- 
ob- [] *μ ob-
premere [to press] * see  per- 4
premere [ѹ] *μ per- 4
?
oppressor
n.ʣ

= =
optical
op.ti.cal
AHD:[?pt1-kl] 
D.J.[6Kpt!k*l]
K.K.[6$pt!k*l]
adj.Abbr. opt.ݴʣд opt.
Of or relating to sight; visual:
ģйصģɼģ
an optical defect.
Ӿȱ
Designed to assist sight:
ģΪƵģ
optical instruments.
ѧ
Of or relating to optics.
ѧйص
Relating to or using visible light:
ɼйصģʹÿɼģ
optical astronomy.
ѧѧ
Using light-sensitive devices.
ʹ΢Ӧ
?
optically
adv.ʣ

= =
optimism
op.ti.mism
AHD:[?pt-m1zm] 
D.J.[6Kpt*7m!z*m]
K.K.[6$pt*7m!z*m]
n.ʣ
A tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation:
ֹ壬ֹۣڴһжźõķչǿķһ
There is a touch of optimism in every worry about one's own moral cleanliness(Victoria Ocampo)
ڶ´ȵÿνУһֹء(άǡ¿ķ)
Philosophy 
ѧ 
The doctrine, asserted by Leibnitz, that this world is the best of all possible worlds.
ƾۣȴһۣΪǾƾ
The belief that the universe is improving and that good will ultimately triumph over evil.
ֹۣΪǲϷչƵģձսʤ
?
French optimisme 
 optimisme 
from New Latin optimum [the greatest good] * see  optimum 
Դ ִ optimum [һ] *μ optimum

= =
optimum
op.ti.mum
AHD:[?pt-mm] 
D.J.[6Kpt*m*m]
K.K.[6$pt*m*m]
n.ʣ
 op.ti.ma[-m]   op.ti.mums  д opt.
The point at which the condition, degree, or amount of something is the most favorable.
Ч̶Ȼʵ
Biology The most favorable condition for growth and reproduction.
ѧ ʶȣʺͷֳ
adj.ݴʣ
Most favorable or advantageous; best.
õģʺϻģõ
?
Latin [neuter sing. of] optimus [best] * see  op- 
  [] optimusԵ [õ] *μ op- 

= =
option
op.tion
AHD:[?pshn] 
D.J.[6Kp.*n]
K.K.[6$p.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of choosing; choice.See Synonyms at choice 
ѡѡΪѡμ choice
The power or freedom to choose.
ѡɣѡȨѡ
The exclusive right, usually obtained for a fee, to buy or sell something within a specified time at a set price.
ԹȨȨһʱڰ涨۸ĳȨͨһö
The privilege of demanding fulfillment of a contract at a specified time.
ԼȨڹ涨ʱҪкͬȨ
A right to buy or sell specific securities or commodities at a stated price within a specified time.
Ȩڹ涨ʱڵԹ̶۸ضծȯƷȨ
The right of the holder of an insurance policy to specify the manner in which payments are to be made or credited to the policyholder.
˶ʽѡȨյָԺַʽл֧Ȩ
Something chosen or available as a choice.
ѡѡѡԹѡ
An item or a feature that may be chosen to replace or enhance standard equipment, as in a car.
ɹѡõĲص㣺ԸĽ׼豸ĿɹѡõĲص㣬С
v.tr.ﶯʣ
op.tioned,op.tion.ing,op.tions 
To acquire or grant an option on:
õ׼ѡ
had optioned for a film several short stories about two policemen(Barbara Goldsmith)
ΪһӰƬѡ˼ƪλĶƪС˵(Űʷ˹)
Baseball To transfer (a player) to a minor-league club with the option of recalling him within a specified period of time.
 Աһλ֣תͨЭᲢһʱڿѡǷٻ
?
Latin opti?}  opti?n- 
 opti?}  opti?n- 

= =
optional
op.tion.al
AHD:[?psh-nl] 
D.J.[6Kp.*n*l]
K.K.[6$p.*n*l]
adj.Abbr. opt.ݴʣд opt.
Left to choice; not compulsory or automatic.
ѡģǿƵĻ
?
optionally
adv.ʣ

= =
or
or 1
AHD:[?r] [r] ضʱ 
D.J.[%8][*]ضʱ 
K.K.[%r][*]ضʱ 
conj.Ӵʣ
Used to indicate an alternative, usually only before the last term of a series:
Աʾһѡ񣬳һϵпѡһǰ棺
hot or cold; this, that, or the other.
Ȼ䣻Ǹ
Used to indicate the second of two alternatives, the first being preceded byeither  or whether : 
ǡǣǡڶѡеĵڶǰ棬һǰeither  whether  
Your answer is either ingenious or wrong. She didn't know whether to laugh or cry.
ĻشǶһľǴˡ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
Archaic Used to indicate the first of two alternatives, with the force ofeither  or whether.  
 ֮һָѡĵһǰ棬õeither  whether.  
Used to indicate a synonymous or equivalent expression:
ʾһͬʻͬıʾ
acrophobia, or fear of great heights.
ָ֢ԸߴĿ־
Used to indicate uncertainty or indefiniteness:
ʾ̫ȷ̫ȷУ
two or three.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from other [or]  from Old English other  from oththe 
Դ other []  Դ Ӣ other  Դ oththe 
and from outher  from Old English 33ther} * see  either 
Դ outher  Դ Ӣ 33ther} *μ either
?
When all the elements in a series connected byor  are singular, the verb they govern is singular: 
һϵor ӵĸΪʱ 󶯴Ҳõγɣ 
Tom or Jack is coming.
ķܿҪ
Beer, ale, or wine is included in the charge. 
ơƻѾƾѰʵϡ 
When all the elements are plural,the verb is plural.When the elements do not agree in number,some grammarians have suggested that the verb be governed by the element to which it 
is nearer: 
иΪʽʱøʽͳһʱЩ﷨ѧŶʽĵʽ 
Tom or his sisters are coming.
ķҪ
The girls or their brother is coming.
ŮǻֵҪ
Cold symptoms or headache is the usual first sign. 
ð֢״ͷʹͨǵһźš 
Other grammarians, however, have argued that such constructions must be avoided and that substitutes be found in which the problem of agreement does not arise: 
ǣЩ﷨ѧȴűʹֽṹʹòνһṹ 
Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.
ķĽҪ
The usual first sign may be either cold symptoms or a headache. See Usage Note at and/or ,either ,neither ,nor 1
ͨһźŲǸð֢״Ƿͷʹ μ and/or,either,neither,nor1
?
or
or 2
AHD:[?r]  
D.J.[%8]
K.K.[%r]
conj.Ӵʣ
Before. Followed byever  or ere : 
ڡ֮ǰڡ֮ǰever  ere  
I doubt he will be dead or ere I come(Shakespeare)
ҵ֮ǰȥ(ɯʿ)
prep.ʣ
Before.
ڡ֮ǰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of er 
 erı 
from Old English ?r [soon, early] 
Դ Ӣ ?r [ã] 
and from Old Norse 3r * see  ayer- 
Դ ˹ά 3r *μ ayer- 
?
or
or 3
AHD:[?r] 
D.J.[%8]
K.K.[%r]
n.Heraldry ʣѧ 
Gold, represented in heraldic engraving by a white field sprinkled with small dots.
ƽµСԲ׺İɫʾĽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin aurum 
Դ  aurum 
?
OR
OR
abbr.
Or O.R.  Operating room. 
  O.R. Operating room.
 Operations research. 
Operations research.
 Oregon. 
Oregon.
Owner's risk.

?
OR
OR 1
AHD:[?r] 
D.J.[%8]
K.K.[%r]
n.ʣ
A logical operator that returns a true value if one or both operators are true.
򣺵һΪ淵ֵ߼

= =
oral
o.ral
AHD:[?rl, ?r-] 
D.J.[6%8r*l, 6*&r-]
K.K.[6%r*l, 6or-]
adj.ݴʣ
Spoken rather than written.See Usage Note at verbal 
ͷģ˵ĶдĲμ verbal
Of or relating to the mouth:
ڻģ
oral surgery.
ǻ
Used in or taken through the mouth:
ڿǻͨģ
an oral thermometer; an oral vaccine.
¼ƣڷ
Consisting of or using speech:
ɻʹģ
oral instruction.
ͷָ
Linguistics Articulated through the mouth only, with the nasal passages closed.
ѧ ǻģֻͨ졢ģʱǻ
Psychology Of or relating to the first stage of psychosexual development in psychoanalytic theory, during which the mouth is the chief focus of exploration and pleasure.
ѧ ڲУڻչĵһ׶εģڴڼͨԻԿе
n.ʣ
An academic examination in which questions and answers are spoken rather than written. Often used in the plural.
ԣѧһʹ𰸾ÿͷʽǱͷˮƽԣøʽ
?
Late Latin ?3lis} 
 ?3lis} 
from Latin ?s  ?r- [mouth] * see  ?s- 
Դ  ?s  ?r- [] *μ ?s- 
?
orally
adv.ʣ
?
Oral
O.ral
AHD:[?rl]   U.ralsk   U.rals'k [y?-r2lsk, ?-r\adie/lsk] 
D.J.[6%8r*l]  U.ralsk   U.rals'k [j&*6r#lsk, u86r$8lsk]
K.K.[6%r*l]  U.ralsk   U.rals'k [j&6r#lsk, u6r$lsk]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of northwest Kazakhstan on the Ural River south-southwest of Samara, Russia. Founded by Cossacks c. 1622, it is a processing and manufacturing center. Population, 181,000
ŷ޶Уλڶ˹ƫϵϡԼ1622ɸ˽ɣǼӹġ˿181,000

= =
orange
or.ange
AHD:[?r1nj, ?r-] 
D.J.[6%8r!nd9, 6Kr-]
K.K.[6%r!nd9, 6$r-]
n.ʣ
Any of several southeast Asian evergreen trees of the genusCitrus,  widely cultivated in warm regions and having fragrant white flowers and round fruit with a yellowish or reddish rind 
and a sectioned, pulpy interior, especially C. sinensis,  the sweet orange, and C. aurantium,  the Seville or sour orange. 
ۣ̽һֶǸ ľ㷺ֲůдζİɫĻƤΪɫɫԲιʵͶ֭Ĺ⣬ָ     
The fruit of any of these trees, having a sweetish, acidic juice.
٣ЩĴ֭ˮĹʵ
Any of several similar plants, such as the Osage orange and the mock orange.
ϳȣɽ÷ƵֲϳȺɽ÷
Color The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between red and yellow, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 590 to 630 
nanometers; any of a group of colors between red and yellow in hue, of medium lightness and moderate saturation.
ɫʡ ɫٻɫɼнںͻɫ֮һɫʣòɫͨԼ590630΢֮ķ߿ɱ۹۲죻ɫϽںɫͻɫ֮
ɫɫежȱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pume orenge 
Դ ŷ pume orenge 
translation and alteration  influenced by Orenge [Orange, a town in France] 
    [Σһ] 
of Old Italian melarancio 
  melarancioķͱ仯 
mela [fruit] 
mela [ʵ] 
arancio [orange tree]  alteration of Arabic n3j  from Persian n3g  from Sanskrit n3ga?}  [possibly of Dravidian origin] 
arancio []    n3  Դ ˹ n3g  Դ  n3ga?}  [Դڴ] 
?
orange
adj.ݴʣ
?
Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced 
to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange  keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is 
possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in 
southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formn3ga?.}  As the fruit passed westward,so did 
the word,as evidenced by Persiann3g  and Arabic n3.  Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of 
our term is Old Italianmelarancio,  derived from mela,  fruit, and arancio,  orange tree, from Arabicn3.  Old Italianmelarancio  was translated into Old French as pume orenge,  
theo  replacing the a  because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was 
its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge.  Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the 
orange in the New World.
ڵйĽǡǡӳȦƵн̣ΪԭйĽӼнǱӡȣ֮󴫲жҡŷޣ´½
orange ʵķչʷֻӵķչһʱͬԵģ ԴڴݱҲ˵Դڷӡһŷϵеһֻԣӡ
ϲ˹̩׶̩¬ݱʽӡŷϵģʽnarangch  ˮʱҲͬ¿ɵõ֤粨
˹еnarang Ͱе naranj  ˰ѵһӴˮѸٴŷޡʱõʵķչҪһʱǹ
melarancio Դ mela ˮ arancio  Դڰnaranj  melarancio ɹŷΪ pume orenge  o 任Ϊ a ΪܰӰ
 Ӽɴ˵ؽ뷨һʳ;һվɹŷorenge Ӣʻ㡣 õһʻӢڴԼ1380ҵһıУ
ڽӽ´½ʱ
?
Orange
Orange 1
AHD:[?r1nj, ?-] 
D.J.[6%8r!nd9, 6K-]
K.K.[6%r!nd9, 6$-]
NONE޴ԣ
Princely family of Europe ruling continously in the Netherlands since 1815. The name was first used for a former principality of southeast France that passed to the house of Nassau in 
1530.
ҵģ1815һֱͳκŷҼ塣һΪϲһʹãù1530겢ɧ
?
Orange
Orange 2
AHD:[?r1nj, ?r-] 
D.J.[6%8r!nd9, 6Kr-]
K.K.[6%r!nd9, 6$r-]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southern California north-northeast of Santa Ana. It is a manufacturing center in a citrus-growing area. Population, 110,658.
棺ϲУλʥǺӶƫʢ̽۵ġ˿110,658
A city of northeast New Jersey, a chiefly residential suburb of Newark and New York City. Population, 29,925.
棺ݶСŦŦԼеһҪ˿29,925
A city of southeast Texas east of Beaumont. It is a port and processing center. Population, 19,381.
棺ÿ˹ݶϲУλڱâԶǸۿںͼӹҵġ˿19,381

= =
orbit
or.bit
AHD:[?rb1t] 
D.J.[6%8b!t]
K.K.[6%rb!t]
n.ʣ
The path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite as it revolves around another body.
йһһתеĹ
One complete revolution of such a body.
һܣǵĻһ
The path of a body in a field of force surrounding another body; for example, the movement of an atomic electron in relation to a nucleus.
һлһ·ԭӺΧ˶
A range of activity, experience, or knowledge.
Χ鷶Χ֪ʶķΧ
A range of control or influence:
ƻӰķΧ
What magnetism drew these quaking ruined creatures into his orbit?(Malcolm Lowry)See Synonyms at range 
ʲôħʹЩķǶ׳Ƴ(ķ)μ range
Either of two bony cavities in the skull containing an eye and its external structures; an eye socket.
ۿ­Χⲿṹǵǻеһ۴
v.ʣ
or.bit.ed,or.bit.ing,or.bits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into an orbit:
죺й
orbit a satellite.
һ
To revolve around (a center of attraction):
תƣģת
The moon orbits Earth.
Χŵת
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in an orbit.
ĳһת
?
Middle English orbite [eye socket] 
йӢ orbite [۴] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin orbita [orbit] 
Դ  orbita [й] 
probably from orbis 
Դ orbis 

= =
orchestra
or.ches.tra
AHD:[?rk1-str, -kstr] 
D.J.[6%8k!str*, -7kestr*]
K.K.[6%rk!str*, -7kWstr*]
n.Abbr. orch.ʣд orch.
Music 
֡ 
A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including strings, woodwinds, brass instruments, and percussion instruments.
ţøһһȺּңͨ֡ľͭ
The instruments played by such a group.
Ⱥʹõ
The area in a theater or concert hall where the musicians sit, immediately in front of and below the stage.
ֳأھԺߵλą̃ǰԵ̨
The front section of seats nearest the stage in a theater.
ͷϯԺп̨ǰλ
The entire main floor of a theater.
糡ԺеҪ
A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in ancient Greek theaters.
Բ򣺹ϣ糡̨ǰΪϳõİԲεط
?
Latin orch?a [the space in front of the stage in Greek theaters where the chorus performed] 
 orch?a [ϣ糡̨ǰϳӽбݵĵط] 
from Greek orkh?a 
Դ ϣ orkh?a 
from orkheisthai [to dance] 
Դ orkheisthai [] 
?
orchestral
AHD:[?r-kstrl] ݴʣ
orchestrally
adv.ʣ

= =
orderly
or.der.ly
AHD:[?rdr-l?] 
D.J.[6%8d*li8]
K.K.[6%rd*li]
adj.ݴʣ
Free from disorder; neat:
ģģɾģ
an orderly room.
ྻķ
Having a systematic arrangement:
ģϵͳŵģ
an orderly universe.
һŵɵĴѧ
Marked by or adhering to method or system:
һ˿ģԷʽΪصĻַģ
orderly in the upkeep of his rooms.
ڱķһ˿
Devoid of violence or disruption; peaceful:
ƽģûбѵģƽģ
an orderly transition of governments.
ƽ
n.ʣ
 or.der.lies 
An attendant who does routine, nonmedical work in a hospital.
ӹҽԺĸճӻҽԹӹ
A soldier assigned to attend a superior officer and perform various tasks.
ӱȥϼٲִиʿ
adv.ʣ
Systematically; regularly.
ͰأͰأɵ
?
orderliness
n.ʣ
?
orderly,methodical,systematic
These adjectives mean proceeding in or observant of a prescribed pattern or arrangement.
ЩݴʶζŰĳּķʽŽлϸظ÷ʽš
 Orderly  especially implies correct or customary procedure or proper or harmonious arrangement: 
 Orderly  ζȷĻ򳣹ĳĻЭİţ 
Firefighters supervised the orderly evacuation of the building.
Աָӣǣشӽɢ
Workers set up chairs on the stage in orderly and symmetrical rows.
Ա̨ϵӰڳҶԳƵļš
Methodical  stresses adherence to a logically and carefully planned succession of steps: 
Methodical  ǿһ߼ܰŵļ֣ 
The pattern supplies methodical instructions for cutting and assembling the parts of the garment.
˷ṩ˶Բüͷ·ļֵ˵
The methodical housekeeper performs tasks according to a schedule.
λɵĹܼڹϸѭճ̱
Systematic  emphasizes observance of a coordinated and orderly set of proceduresconstituting part of a complex but unitary whole: 
Systematic  ǿϸһЭġĳ򣬸óһͳһۺɡ 
Scientists are conducting systematic research into antigens to combat immune disorders. 
ѧΪѰߵĿԭϵͳо 

= =
ordinary
or.di.nar.y
AHD:[?rdn-r?] 
D.J.[6%8dn7eri8]
K.K.[6%rd27Wri]
adj.ݴʣ
Commonly encountered; usual.See Synonyms at common 
ͨģͨģͨĲμ common
Of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average.
һģûгѰ̶ȻƷʵģһ
Of inferior quality; second-rate.
ƽӹģϲģ
Having immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction, as a judge.
εģȨģӵֱӵĲȨǱȨģ編
Mathematics Designating a differential equation containing no more than two variables and derivatives of one with respect to the other.
ѧ ģΪ΢ַƵģ÷̵ıһһ
n.ʣ
 or.di.nar.ies 
The usual or normal condition or course of events:
ƽ£ͨĻһ¼̣
Nothing out of the ordinary occurred.
ûʲôѰ·
Law 
ɡ 
A judge or other official with immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction.
ٻԱֱӲȨǱȨķٻԱ
The judge of a probate court in some states of the United States.
٣һЩ鷨ͥķ
Often Ordinary Ecclesiastical 
  Ordinary ̻᡿ 
The part of the Mass that remains unchanged from day to day.
ʽǱֲһ
A division of the Roman Breviary containing the unchangeable parts of the office other than the Psalms.
䣺ÿһֲ֣տβֶǾԼʫƪ
A cleric, such as the residential bishop of a diocese, with ordinary jurisdiction over a specified territory.
߼ʿһʵʹڽ̹ϽȨĸ߼ʿĳס
Heraldry One of the simplest and commonest charges, such as the bend and the cross.
ѧ ͨͼΪΪձ֮һбƺʮ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A complete meal provided at a fixed price.
׷Թ̶ļ۸ṩȫʳ
A tavern or an inn providing such a meal.
СƲ˹ݣӦ׷ľƲ˹ݻСƹ
?
Middle English ordinarie 
йӢ ordinarie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?3rius} 
Դ  ?3rius} 
from ??}  ?rdin- [order] * see  ar- 
Դ ??}  ?rdin- [˳] *μ ar- 
?
ordinariness
n.ʣ

= =
ore
ore
AHD:[?r, ?r] 
D.J.[%8, *&r]
K.K.[%r, or]
n.ʣ
A mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted.
ʯһֿֿļпɲ̽ȡھмֵĳɷָ֣
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?a 
Դ Ӣ ?a 
and from Old English 3r [brass, copper, bronze] 
Դ Ӣ 3r [ͭͭͭ] 

= =
organ
or.gan
AHD:[?rgn] 
D.J.[6%8g*n]
K.K.[6%rg*n]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.Also called  pipe 
organ 
٣һһĿĹӺһݻеװʹͨӵļ̹ɵҲ  pipe organ
Any one of various other instruments, such as the electronic organ, that resemble a pipe organ either in mechanism or sound.
ӷ٣κһڻеװûƹܷٵӷ
Biology A differentiated part of an organism, such as an eye, a wing, or a leaf, that performs a specific function.
ѧ ٣һضõĶز֣һֻۡһֻһƬҶ
An instrument or agency dedicated to the performance of specified functions:
ִضܵĻػ
The FBI is an organ of the Justice Department.
˾һ
An instrument or a means of communication, especially a periodical issued by a political party, business firm, or other group.
࣬ͨѶĻʽָҵ˾֯ڷе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French organe 
Դ ŷ organe 
and from Old English organe 
Դ Ӣ organe 
both from Latin organum [tool, instrument] 
Դ  organum [ߣ] 
from Greek organon * see  werg- 
Դ ϣ organon *μ werg- 

= =
organic
or.gan.ic
AHD:[?r-g2n1k] 
D.J.[%86g#n!k]
K.K.[%r6g#n!k]
adj.Abbr. org.ݴʣд org.
Of, relating to, or affecting organs or an organ of the body:
ٵģڡڻӰһٵģ
an organic disease.
ټ
Of, relating to, or derived from living organisms:
лģڡڻԴڻлģ
organic matter.
л
Using or produced with fertilizers of animal or vegetable matter, using no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides:
лģöֲϡûʻɱģ
organic gardening; organic vegetables.
лʸ԰лϹȵ߲
Free from chemical injections or additives, such as antibiotics or hormones:
ûѧʵģ翹ػɶɵȻѧ˺̼ģ
organic chicken.
Ȼļ
Simple, healthful, and close to nature:
ʵģ򵥵ġĺͽӽȻģ
an organic lifestyle.
ʽ
Having properties associated with living organisms.
лģӵͬлϵʵ
Resembling a living organism in organization or development; interconnected:
лģ֯չƻлģ֯ģ
society as an organic whole.
Ϊл
Constituting an integral part of a whole; fundamental.
ģϳһں˵ģ
Law Denoting or relating to the fundamental or constitutional laws and precepts of a government or an organization.
ɡ ģζŻڻĻķɺͶ֯ӡ
Chemistry Of or designating carbon compounds.
ѧ ̼йص
?
organically
adv.ʣ
organicity
AHD:[?rg-n1s1-t?] ʣ

= =
organism
or.gan.ism
AHD:[?rg-n1zm] 
D.J.[6%8g*7n!z*m]
K.K.[6%rg*7n!z*m]
n.ʣ
An individual form of life, such as a plant, an animal, a bacterium, a protist, or a fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various 
processes of life.
лһָʽֲϸԭһл١ϸɵĲһͬԽ̵
A system regarded as analogous in its structure or functions to a living body:
лĹ죺һֱΪṹܷϵͳ
the social organism.
л
?
organismal
AHD:[-n1zml]   organ.ismic [-m1k] ݴʣ
organismically
adv.ʣ

= =
organization
or.gan.i.za.tion
AHD:[?rg-n1-z3shn] 
D.J.[7%8g*n!6ze!.*n]
K.K.[7%rg*n!6ze.*n]
n.Abbr. org.ʣд org.
The act or process of organizing.
֯֯Ϊ߹
The state or manner of being organized:
֯״̬֯״̬߷ʽ
a high degree of organization.
ˮ׼һ֯
Something that has been organized or made into an ordered whole.
֯֯߱Žһд
Something made up of elements with varied functions that contribute to the whole and to collective functions; an organism.
֯òͬĵȴ϶ΪһͬõԪɵл
A group of persons organized for a particular purpose; an association:
֯ΪĿ֯һȺˣһˣ
a benevolent organization.
һ֯
A structure through which individuals cooperate systematically to conduct business.
֯һȺϵͳغԿչĽṹ
The administrative personnel of such a structure.
֯ĹԱ
?
organizational
adj.ݴʣ
organizationally
adv.ʣ

= =
organize
or.gan.ize
AHD:[?rg-noz] 
D.J.[6%8g*7na!z]
K.K.[6%rg*7na!z]
v.ʣ
or.gan.ized,or.gan.iz.ing,or.gan.iz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put together into an orderly, functional, structured whole.
֯ʹһġõнṹ
To arrange in a coherent form; systematize:
ͳóһֽյʽʹϵͳ
organized her thoughts before speaking.
˵֮ǰ֯˼·
To arrange in a desired pattern or structure:
֯˼ϣʽṹţ
The painting is organized about a young reaper enjoying his noonday rest(William Carlos Williams)
ǹһĸ(˹˹)
To arrange systematically for harmonious or united action:
֯ΪЭͳһжϵͳذŲã
organize a strike.See Synonyms at arrange 
֯չμ arrange
To establish as an organization:
һ֯ʽ
organize a club.See Synonyms at found 1
һֲμ found1
To induce (employees) to form or join a labor union.
ɹ᣺Աɻ߲μĳ͹Э
To induce the employees of (a business or an industry) to form or join a union:
֯ҵҵĹԱɻμĳһˣ
organize a factory.
ѹĹ֯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To develop into or assume an organic structure.
ʹлչɻȡһлĽṹ
To form or join an activist group, especially a labor union.
ʹ֯ɻμһȺ壬ָ͹Э
?
Middle English organisen 
йӢ organisen 
from Old French organiser 
Դ ŷ organiser 
from Medieval Latin organiz3e 
Դ  organiz3e 
from Latin organum [tool, instrument] * see  organ 
Դ  organum [] *μ organ
?
organizer
n.ʣ

= =
orient
o.ri.ent
AHD:[?r?-nt, -nt, ?r-] 
D.J.[6%8ri8*nt, -7ent, 6*&r-]
K.K.[6%ri*nt, -7Wnt, 6or-]
n.ʣ
Orient The countries of Asia, especially of eastern Asia.
 Orient Ǹ޵һЩңرǶǵĹ
The luster characteristic of a pearl of high quality.
һָƷй
A pearl having exceptional luster.
õ飺һ־зǷɫ
Archaic The place on the horizon where the sun rises; the east.
 ճ̫֮ӵƽĵط
adj.ݴʣ
Having exceptional luster:
ģرĹ
orient gemstones.
鱦
Archaic Eastern; oriental.
 ģģ
Archaic Rising in the sky; ascending.
 ģеģ
v.ʣ
or.i.ent.ed,or.i.ent.ing,or.i.ents[?r?-nt, ?r-]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To locate or place in a particular relation to the points of the compass:
궨̵ĺϵȷλû
orient the swimming pool north and south.
궨Ӿصϱ
To locate or place (something) so as to face the east, especially to build (a church) with the nave laid out west to east and the main altar at the eastern end.
ʹ򶫷趨ãĳʹ֮򶫷رǽ裨һãʹеʥ̳
To align or position with respect to a point or system of reference:
ԡΪգĳһĳһϵͳΪʹһ߻ȷλã
oriented the telescope toward the moon; oriented her interests toward health care.
ԶȤڽ
To determine the bearings of.
ȷ
To make familiar with or adjusted to facts, principles, or a situation.
ʹϤӦʹϤڻӦʵԭ
To focus (the content of a story or film, for example) toward the concerns and interests of a specific group.
ʹ򣺽С˵ӰݣбӭĳһضȺĹעȤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn toward the east.
ת򶫷
To become adjusted or aligned.
ʹ߳Ϊһֱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ori?s  orient- [rising sun, east] [from present participle of] ororo [to arise, be born] * see  er- 1
Դ  ori?s  orient- [̫]  [] Դororoڷִ [] *μ er- 1

= =
oriental
o.ri.en.tal
AHD:[?r?-ntl, ?r-] 
D.J.[7%8ri86entl, 7*&r-]
K.K.[7%ri6Wnt1, 7or-]
adj.ݴʣ
Often Oriental Of or relating to the countries of the Orient or their peoples or cultures; eastern:
  Oriental ģڻйضĹһЩҵĻģģ
Oriental immigration(S.I. Hayakawa)
򶫷Ǩơ(S.I.紨һ)
Oriental Of or designating the biogeographic region that includes Asia south of the Himalaya Mountains and the islands of the Malay Archipelago.
 Oriental ģڻʾϲɽϲͰٺ
Lustrous and valuable:
йĺͼֵǵģ
oriental pearls.
ֵǵ
Of or relating to a genuine or superior gem:
ʵģڻڴĻϵȵıʯģ
an oriental ruby.
ϵȵĺ챦ʯ
Relating to or designating corundum that resembles another stone in color.
ģڻʾɫһʯͷĸ
n.ʣ
Often Oriental Offensive Used as a disparaging term for an Asian person.See Usage Note at Asian 
  Oriental  Уڶ˵Ʋμ Asian
?
orientally
adv.ʣ

= =
orientation
o.ri.en.ta.tion
AHD:[?r?-n-t3shn, -n-, ?r-] 
D.J.[7%8ri8en6te!.*n, -*n-, 7*&r-]
K.K.[7%riWn6te.*n, -*n-, 7or-]
n.ʣ
The act of orienting or the state of being oriented.
򶫣Ϊ򱻶״̬
Location or position relative to the points of the compass.
ָصĵصλ
The construction of a church so that its longitudinal axis is from west to east and its main altar is at the eastern end.
ʥ̳λڶˣһγ򶫡ʥ̳˵Ľýṹ
The direction followed in the course of a trend, movement, or development.
βһϵơ˶չķ
A tendency of thought; a general inclination:
˼ձ
a Marxist orientation.
˼
Sexual orientation.
Ա
An adjustment or adaptation to a new environment, situation, custom, or set of ideas.
ӦµĻ״ϰ׻һϵ˼Ӧ߽
Introductory instruction concerning a new situation:
ܣƵĽָ
orientation for incoming students.
ͬѧн
Psychology Awareness of the objective world in relation to one's self.
ѧ λصĹ

= =
origin
or.i.gin
AHD:[?r-j1n, ?r-] 
D.J.[6%8r*d9!n, 6Kr-]
K.K.[6%r*d9!n, 6$r-]
n.Abbr. orig.ʣд orig.
The point at which something comes into existence or from which it derives or is derived.
Դ￪ʼڻԴȡõʼ
Ancestry:
Ѫͳ
We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try(James Baldwin)
ŬҲı䲻ǵĳ(ղķ˹)
The fact of originating; rise or derivation:
ԴʵԴ
The rumor had its origin in an impulsive remark.
ҥԴһγ嶯̸
Anatomy The point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during contraction.
ѧ ˣ𣺼ĸŵ㣬ڼʱԵĹ̶
Mathematics The point of intersection of coordinate axes, as in the Cartesian coordinate system.
ѧ ԭ㣺Ľ㣬ڵѿ
?
Middle English origine [ancestry] 
йӢ origine [] 
from Latin oro?}  orogin- 
Դ  oro?}  orogin- 
from oroo} [to arise, be born] * see  er- 1
Դ oroo} [Դ] *μ er- 1
?
origin,inception,source,root
These nouns signify the point at which something originates.
ЩָĳԴ
 Origin  is the point at which something comes into existence: 
 Origin  ֵָʼ㣺 
The origins of some words are unknown.
ЩʵԴǲ֪ġ
Man with all his noble qualities . . . still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin (Charles Darwin).Whenorigin  refers to people, it means parentage or 
ancestry:  
˾еĸ߹Ʒʡг΢Ĩӡ ˹ģorigin ָʱ˼Ǹĸ˫׻  
He came . . . of mixed French and Scottish origin (Charlotte Bront?).
ŷոĻѪͳ ١أ
 Inception  is the beginning,as of an action or process: 
 Inception  ָʼһж̣ 
Between the inception of the litigation and its final disposition the plaintiff's first attorney retired.
Ͽʼ䣬ԭĵһʦˡ
Source  can refer to the point of origin of a stream or a river: 
Source  ָϪķԴ㣺 
the Alpine sources of the Rhine (John Foster Kirk).In another sense the term signifies the point at which something springs into being or from which it derives or is obtained: 
Դ԰˹ɽ Լ˹ء¿ˣôʵһʾ￪ʼֵʼԴ 
one great original source of revenue . . . the wages of labor (Adam Smith). 
ƸһԴͶĹʡ ǵʷ˹ 
The mysterious . . . is the source of all true art and science (Albert Einstein).
ͿѧԴصġ ء˹̹
 Root  often denotes what is considered the fundamental cause of or basic reason for something: 
 Root  ʾΪĸԭ 
Lack of money is the root of all evil (George Bernard Shaw). 
ȱǮĸԴ Ρɣ 
Most of the problems a President has to face have their roots in the past (Harry S Truman).
һλͳòٵĴⶼǰġ S³ţ

= =
original
o.rig.i.nal
AHD:[-r1j-nl] 
D.J.[*6r!d9*n*l]
K.K.[*6r!d9*n*l]
adj.Abbr. orig.ݴʣд orig.
Preceding all others in time; first.
ģʱ䴦֮ǰģһ
Not derived from something else; fresh and unusual:
дģԴģдҷǷģ
an original play, not an adaptation.
ԭ籾Ǹıɵ
Showing a marked departure from previous practice; new:
µģǰʵԵģµģ
a truly original approach.See Synonyms at new 
ȫµķμ new
Productive of new things or new ideas; inventive:
дԵģ˼ģд췢ģ
an original mind.
дԵ˼
Being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or translation is made.
Ƶģӡԭ
n.ʣ
A first form from which other forms are made or developed:
ԭΣʽչԭΣ
Later models of the car retained many features of the original.
½ʽǰƷ
An authentic work of art:
ƷʵɿƷ
bought an original, not a print.
漣ǸƷ
Work that has been composed firsthand:
ָ壺һɵƷ
kept the original but sent a photocopy to his publisher.
ָ嵫ɸһӰӡ
A person who is appealingly odd or curious; a character.
ˣƢܹŹֵֻˣ
Archaic The source from which something arises; an originator.
 ﷢Դ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin oro3lis} 
Դ  oro3lis} 
from oro?}  orogin- [source] * see  origin 
Դ oro?}  orogin- [Դ] *μ origin

= =
originate
o.rig.i.nate
AHD:[-r1j-n3t] 
D.J.[*6r!d9*7ne!t]
K.K.[*6r!d9*7net]
v.ʣ
o.rig.i.nat.ed,o.rig.i.nat.ing,o.rig.i.nates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring into being; create:
ʹ֣ʹ֣죺
originated the practice of monthly reports.
ÿ±Ĺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come into being; start.See Synonyms at stem 1
֣֣ʼμ stem1
?
origination
n.ʣ
originative
adj.ݴʣ
originatively
adv.ʣ
originator
n.ʣ

= =
ornament
or.na.ment
AHD:[?rn-mnt] 
D.J.[6%8n*m*nt]
K.K.[6%rn*m*nt]
n.ʣ
Something that decorates or adorns; an embellishment.
װװλʹɫƷװƷ
A person considered as a source of pride, honor, or credit:
ʵˣΪǽԴȪˣ
a ballerina who is an ornament to the world of dance.
Ϊ赸ʵ
Music A note or group of notes that embellishes a melody.
֡ һһɵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
or.na.ment.ed,or.na.ment.ing,or.na.ments[-mnt]  
To furnish with ornaments:
װΣװװΣ
ornamented the windows with hanging plants.
ôֲװδ
To be an ornament to:
ΪװΣ
The babies ornament her ankles, dangle from her pant legs(Carolyn Chute)
Ǽֱ׵ĿȰڵ(ա)
?
Middle English ournement 
йӢ ournement 
from Old French ornement 
Դ ŷ ornement 
from Latin ?3mentum} 
Դ  ?3mentum} 
from ?3re} [to adorn] * see  ar- 
Դ ?3re} [װ] *μ ar- 
?
ornamenter
n.ʣ

= =
orphan
or.phan
AHD:[?rfn] 
D.J.[6%8f*n]
K.K.[6%rf*n]
n.ʣ
A child whose parents are dead.
¶ĸȥĺ
A child who has been deprived of parental care and has not been adopted.
չܵĺӣһ˸ĸĹػûбĺ
A young animal without a mother.
һֻʧȥĸ޵
One that lacks support, supervision, or care:
һʧȥ֧֡ලĵˣ
A lack of corporate interest has made the subsidiary an orphan.
ȱͬ棬ʹӹ˾չ
adj.ݴʣ
Deprived of parents.
޸ĸ
Intended for orphans:
Ϊ˹¶ģ
an orphan home.
¶֮
Lacking support or supervision; abandoned:
ʧȥֻ֧໤ģģ
an aggregation of every orphan technology at the Pentagon, stuff that's been around for years that nobody would buy(Harper's)
 Ǵ¥зüļϣѾ˹ˡ()
v.tr.ﶯʣ
or.phaned,or.phan.ing,or.phans 
To deprive (a child) of one parent or both parents.
ʹɹ¶ᣨһӣһĸ˫
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin orphanus 
Դ  orphanus 
from Greek orphanos [orphaned] * see  orbh- 
Դ ϣ orphanos [Ϊ¶] *μ orbh- 
?
orphanhood
n.ʣ

= =
orthodox
or.tho.dox
AHD:[?rth-d?ks] 
D.J.[6%8G*7dKks]
K.K.[6%rG*7d$ks]
adj.ݴʣ
Adhering to the accepted or traditional and established faith, especially in religion.
ͳģֱܵĻͳĺҵѽرڽ
Adhering to the Christian faith as expressed in the early Christian ecumenical creeds.
ŷڻ̽ģڻڽֻ
Orthodox 
 Orthodox 
Of or relating to any of the churches or rites of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
ڻж̽ûʽ
Of or relating to Orthodox Judaism.
ڻйͳ̵̫
Adhering to what is commonly accepted, customary, or traditional:
ͳģֱձܵġԼ׵Ļͳģ
an orthodox view of world affairs.
µĴͳ
n.ʣ
One that is orthodox.
ͳ
Orthodox A member of an Eastern Orthodox church.
 Orthodox ̽õһԱ
?
Middle English orthodoxe 
йӢ orthodoxe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin orthodoxus 
Դ  orthodoxus 
from Late Greek orthodoxos 
Դ ϣ orthodoxos 
Greek ortho- [ortho-] 
ϣ ortho- [ͳ] 
Greek doxa [opinion]  from dokein [to think] * see  dek- 
ϣ doxa []  Դ dokein [Ϊ] *μ dek- 
?
orthodoxly
adv.ʣ

= =
other
oth.er
AHD:[?Yr] 
D.J.[6JH*]
K.K.[6JH+]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the remaining one of two or more:
һģʣһģ
the other ear.
һֻ
Being the remaining ones of several:
ģʣµһЩģ
His other books are still in storage.
黹û
Different from that or those implied or specified:
ģָָһһЩͬģ
Any other person would tell the truth.
һ˵
Of a different character or quality:
ͬģͬԸʵģ
a strange, other dimension .  . . where his powers seemed to fail(Lance Morrow)
һصġͬķ桭ڴƺ(˹Ī)
Of a different time or era either future or past:
ǰģδģǰδʱʱģ
other centuries; other generations.
ǰͣ
Additional; extra:
ӵģģ
I have no other shoes.
ûɴЬ
Opposite or contrary; reverse:
෴ģԵĻ෴ģģ
the other side.

Alternate; second:
ģģڶģ
every other day.
ÿһ
Of the recent past:
֮ǰģոչȥģ
just the other day.
ڼǰ
n.ʣ
The remaining one of two or more:
һеʣһ
One took a taxi, and the other walked home.
һ˴򳵻ؼңһлؼ
others The remaining ones of several:
 others ˣʣһЩ
After her departure the others resumed the discussion.
֮˼
A different person or thing:
ͬ˻
one hurricane after the other.
쫷
An additional person or thing:
˻
How many others will come later?
жҪ
pron.ʣ
A different or an additional person or thing:
ͬĻ˻
We'll get someone or other to replace him.
ǻұ
others People aside from oneself:
 others ˣԼˣ
the eyes of others our prisons; their thoughts our cages(Virginia Woolf)
˵Ŀǵļ˵˼ǵ(ǡֶ)
adv.ʣ
In another way; otherwise; differently:
ʽأһַʽ򣻲ͬأ
She performed other than perfectly.
ݵԶ˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?r * see  al- 1
Դ Ӣ ?r *μ al- 1

= =
otherwise
oth.er.wise
AHD:[?Yr-woz] 
D.J.[6JH*7wa!z]
K.K.[6JH+7wa!z]
adv.ʣ
In another way; differently:
ķʽͬأ
She thought otherwise.
һ濼
Under other circumstances:
򣬲Ȼ£Ȼ
Otherwise I might have helped.
ȻҲ԰æ
In other respects:
棺
an otherwise logical mind.
߼ͷ
adj.ݴʣ
Other than supposed; different:
ͬģ֮ģͬٶģģ
The evidence is otherwise.
֤ʾһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English (on) ?osan} [(in) another manner] 
Դ Ӣ (on) ?osan} [ԣһַʽ] ?e [dative of] ?ther [other] ?e  [] ?ther [] 
won [dative of] wose [manner] * see  wise 2
won  [] wose [ʽ] *μ wise2

= =
ought
ought 1
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[%8t]
K.K.[%t]
v.aux.ʣ
Used to indicate obligation or duty:
ӦڱʾΣ
You ought to work harder than that.
ӦŬع
Used to indicate advisability or prudence:
Ӧãڱʾл̬ȣ
You ought to wear a raincoat.
Ӧô
Used to indicate desirability:
ӦãڱʾԸ
You ought to have been there; it was great fun.
ӦȥĶ̫
Used to indicate probability or likelihood:
ãڱʾԻԣ
She ought to finish by next week.

?
Middle English oughten [to be obliged to] 
йӢ oughten [] 
from oughte [owned] 
Դ oughte [ӵе] 
from Old English 3e [past tense of] 3gan [to possess] * see  ?ik- 
Դ Ӣ 3e  [] 3ganĹȥʱ [ӵ] *μ ?ik- 
?
Ought to  is sometimes used without a following verb if the meaning is clear:  
˼ȷʱought to 治ʣ  
Should we begin soon? Yes, we ought to. 
Ͽʼ? ǵģʼ 
In questions and negative sentences,especially those with contractions,to is also sometimes omitted:  
ʾͷ񶨾УǴдЩУto ʱҲᱻʡԣ  
Oughtn't we be going soon? 
ѵǲ? 
Although the omission ofto  was formerly possible in English, it is now considered nonstandard. Usages such asHe hadn't ought to come  and She shouldn't ought to say that  are 
common in many varieties of American English. They should be avoided in written English,however, in favor of the more standard variantought not to.  
ǰӢʡto ǿܵģ ͻᱻΪ׼  ˵ ֮÷ڸʽӢкձ顣 ӢӦʹãӦʹ
׼ıought not to  
?
ought
ought 2
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[%8t]
K.K.[%t]
pron.ʣ
adv.ʣ
Variant of aught 1
 aughtı1
?
ought
ought 3
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[%8t]
K.K.[%t]
n.ʣ
Variant of aught 2
 aughtı2
?
ought
ought 4
AHD:[?t] 
D.J.[%8t]
K.K.[%t]
v.Obsolete ʣ 
A past participle of owe 
 oweĹȥִ

= =
ounce
ounce 1
AHD:[ouns] 
D.J.[a&ns]
K.K.[a&ns]
n.Abbr. oz,oz.ʣд oz,oz.
A unit of weight in the U.S. Customary System, an avoirdupois unit equal to 437.5 grains (28.35 grams).
˾Ƶһλ437.5(28.35ˣ
A unit of apothecary weight, equal to 480 grains (31.10 grams).See table at measurement 
˾ҩλ480(31.10ˣμ measurement
A fluid ounce.See table at measurement 
Һ˾μ measurement
A tiny bit:
һ㣺
not an ounce of sympathy.
ûһͬ
?
Middle English unce 
йӢ unce 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin uncia * see  oi-no- 
Դ  uncia *μ oi-no- 
?
ounce
ounce 2
AHD:[ouns] 
D.J.[a&ns]
K.K.[a&ns]
n.ʣ
See  snow leopard 
μ  snow leopard
?
Middle English unce 
йӢ unce 
from Old French once 
Դ ŷ once 
alteration of lonce 
 lonceı仯 
from Vulgar Latin *luncea 
Դ  *luncea 
from Latin lynx  lync- [lynx] 
Դ  lynx  lync- [] 
from Greek lunx * see  leuk- 
Դ ϣ lunx *μ leuk- 

= =
our
our
AHD:[our] 
D.J.[a&*]
K.K.[a&r]
adj.ݴʣ
 weиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ǵģǰδʣ
our accomplishments; our hometown.
ǵĳɾͣǵļ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?e * see  nes- 2
Դ Ӣ ?e *μ nes- 2

= =
ours
ours
AHD:[ourz] 
D.J.[a&*z]
K.K.[a&rz]
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to us:
ǵģָһ˻򼸸˻ǵģ
The original of the painting is ours. If your car doesn't start, take ours.
ͻԭǵġҪĳˣǵĳ
?
Middle English oures 
йӢ oures 
from oure [our] 
Դ oure [ǵ] 
from Old English ?e * see  nes- 2
Դ Ӣ ?e *μ nes- 2

= =
ourselves
our.selves
AHD:[our-slvz, ?r-] 
D.J.[a&*6selvz, $8-]
K.K.[a&r6sWlvz, $r-]
pron.ʣ
Those ones identical with us.
Լ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the object of a preposition:
ԼʵֱӻӱＰʱʱķ÷
We bought ourselves an espresso machine.
ǸԼ˹ŨȻ
Used for emphasis:
ԣڼǿ
We ourselves were certain of the facts.
ԼЩʵа
Used in an absolute construction:
Լڶṹ
Feeling chilly ourselves, we moved the party indoors.
ǸеЩ⣬ͰƵ
Our normal or healthy condition or state:
ǵĽ״̬
We're feeling ourselves again after our bout with the flu.See Usage Note at myself 
оһָֻ֮˲μ myself

= =
out
out
AHD:[out] 
D.J.[a&t]
K.K.[a&t]
adv.ʣ
In a direction away from the inside:
أ뿪ķأ
go out of the office.
߳칫
Away from the center or middle:
أ뿪Ļмλõأ
The troops fanned out.
ӳɢ
Away from a usual place:
뿪ͨĵصأ
stepped out for a drink of water; went out for the evening.
ȥȵˮȥ
Out of normal position:
أ뿪ͨλõأ
threw his back out.

From inside a building or shelter into the open air; outside:
ڻ⣺ӽӻ浽⣻أ
The boy went out to play.
кȥ
In the open air; outside:
¶죻⣺
Is it snowing out?
ѩ?
From within a container or source:
أڻԴ
drained the water out.
ˮų
From among others:
УУ
picked out the thief in the crowd.
ȺϳС͵
To exhaustion or depletion:
ľػأ
The supplies have run out.
ӦƷ
Into extinction or imperceptibility:
Ϩػ֪أ
The fire has gone out.
Ϩ
To a finish or conclusion:
أڵأﵽĩβۣ
Play the game out.

To the fullest extent or degree:
ȫأ׵أﵽ޶Ȼ̶ȵأ
all decked out for the dance.
е˶ʢװμ
In or into competition or directed effort:
أڻ뾺֮лԵŬ֮еأ
went out for the basketball team; was out to win.
ȫμӣʤ
Into being or evident existence:
֣ڿʼڻԴڵ״̬У
The new car models have come out.
³ģͶƳ
Into public circulation:
ͨУ빫״̬
The paper came out early today.
һ籨ֽͷ
Into view:
üأҰУ
The moon came out.

Without inhibition; boldly:
޼ɻأûйǵأ¸ҵأ
Speak out.
˵
Into possession of another or others; into distribution:
ڷУΪһһЩӵеأڷУ
giving out free passes.
ַ֤ͨ
Into disuse or an unfashionable status:
ʱأأ벻ʹûʱֵ״̬
Narrow ties have gone out.
խѹʱ
Into a state of deprivation or loss:
˵أɥʧ˵أ뱻ʧ״̬
voted the incompetent governor out.
ͶƱܵݳ
Out of consideration:
ǵأ
A taxi is out, because we haven't the money.
ûǮԱָ⳵
In the time following; afterward:
ԺںԺ
to gauge economic conditions six months out(Christian Science Monitor)
ºľ״(̿ѧԱ)
Baseball So as to be retired, or counted as an out:
 ֵأҪֵػߵأ
He grounded out to the shortstop.
λֽɱ
Used in two-way radio to indicate that a transmission is complete and no reply is expected.
ʾѶշõߵͨѶͨҲлظ
adj.ݴʣ
Exterior; external:
ⲿģΧģ
the out surface of a ship's hull.
ǵ
Directed away from a place or center; outgoing:
Զĵģĳػĳȥģģ
the out doorway.

No longer fashionable.
ʱģʱֵ
Baseball Not allowed to continue to bat or run; retired.
 ֵģܵģֵ
prep.ʣ
Forth from; through:
ӡǰͨ
He fell out the window.
Ӵڵ
Beyond or outside of:
Խڡ֮⣺
Out this door is the garage.
ǳ
n.ʣ
One that is out, especially one who is out of power.
ҰߣˣָϵҰ
Informal A means of escape:
ʽ ·֮ƣ
The window was my only out.
Ψһ·
Abbr. OBaseball 
д O 
A play in which a batter or base runner is retired.
ֵһֵ߱һ
The player retired in such a play.
ֵˣڴһֵ˶Ա
Sports A serve or return that falls out of bounds in a court game.
˶ ķ
Printing A word or other part of a manuscript omitted from the printed copy.
ӡˢ ©ӡˢ©ŵֻӵ
v.ʣ
out.ed,out.ing,outs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be disclosed or revealed; come out:
ҷ¶¶
Truth will out.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
Sports To send (a tennis ball, for example) outside the court or playing area.
˶ 磺ȣ򳡻
Chiefly British To knock unconscious.
Ӣ 
?
on the outsʽ
Not on friendly terms; disagreeing.
ģѺõģֲͬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?t * see  ud- 
Դ Ӣ ?t *μ ud- 

= =
outbreak
out.break
AHD:[outbr3k] 
D.J.[6a&t7bre!k]
K.K.[6a&t7brek]
n.ʣ
A sudden increase:
ͻȻ
an outbreak of influenza.
ͻ
A sudden eruption; an outburst:
ͻȻ
an outbreak of strikes, violent agitation, and arrests(Samuel Chew)
չɧҺʹжͻȻ(Ѷ)

= =
outcome
out.come
AHD:[outk?m] 
D.J.[6a&t7kJm]
K.K.[6a&t7kJm]
n.ʣ
A natural result; a consequence.See Synonyms at effect 
֣ȻĽμ effect

= =
outdoor
out.door
AHD:[outd?r, -d?r]  Ҳ out-of-door [outv-d?r, -d?r] 
D.J.[6a&t7d%8, -7d*&r] Ҳ out-of-door [7a&t*v6d%8, -6d*&r]
K.K.[6a&t7d%r, -7dor] Ҳ out-of-door [7a&t*v6d%r, -6dor]
adj.ݴʣ
Located in, done in, or suited to the open air:
ģڻڻɵĻڻģ
badminton and other outdoor games.
ë˶

= =
outdoors
out.doors
AHD:[out-d?rz, -d?rz]  Ҳ out-of-doors [outv-d?rz, -d?rz] 
D.J.[a&t6d%8z, -6d*&rz] Ҳ out-of-doors [7a&t*v6d%8z, -6d*&rz]
K.K.[a&t6d%rz, -6dorz] Ҳ out-of-doors [7a&t*v6d%rz, -6dorz]
adv.ʣ
In or into the open; outside:
ڻ⣺¶죻棺
walking outdoors for fresh air.
ߵ¶ʿ
n.ʣ
The open air.

An area away from human settlements.
Զסصĵ

= =
outer
out.er
AHD:[outr] 
D.J.[6a&t*]
K.K.[6a&t+]
adj.ݴʣ
Located on the outside; external.
ģλģⲿ
Farther than another from the center or middle.
ԶĵģĴмһԶ
Relating to the body or its appearance rather than the mind or spirit.
ʵģ͹ģ漰弰ò˼;

= =
outlet
out.let
AHD:[outlt, -l1t] 
D.J.[6a&t7let, -l!t]
K.K.[6a&t7lWt, -l!t]
n.ʣ
A passage for escape or exit; a vent.
·ܻ˳ͨ
A means of release or gratification, as for energies, drives, or desires:
й;嶯Էйķ
exercised as an outlet for frustration.
ܴʱķй;
A stream that flows out of a lake or pond.
ˮӺϪ
The mouth of a river where it flows into a larger body of water.
ӿڣˮ崦
The point of intersection of a driveway and a road, especially in a rural area.
ڣеͽֵĽ㣬ָũ
A commercial market for goods or services.
гṩҵг
A store that sells the goods of a particular manufacturer or wholesaler.
̵꣺ض̵̻Ļ̵
A receptacle, especially one mounted in a wall, that is connected to a power supply and equipped with a socket for a plug.
ԴԴӲװΪͷĻĵԴָװǽϵ

= =
outline
out.line
AHD:[outlon] 
D.J.[6a&t7la!n]
K.K.[6a&t7la!n]
n.ʣ
A line marking the outer contours or boundaries of an object or a figure.
ߣͼⲿߵ
The shape of an object or a figure.
λͼε״
A style of drawing in which objects are delineated in contours without shading.
ͼ߹εַ
A sketch done in this style.
ͼ裺Դַɵͼ
A general description covering the main points of a subject:
ҪҪ
an outline of American literature.
ѧҪ
A statement summarizing the important points of a text.
Ҫ۵
A summary of a written work or speech, usually analyzed in headings and subheadings.
٣ϻݽĸͨԱ͸
A preliminary draft or plan, as of a project or proposal.
ݰĲݰƻ繤̻Ĳݰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
out.lined,out.lin.ing,out.lines 
To draw an outline of.

To display or accentuate the outline of.
ʾչʾǿ
To give the main features or various aspects of; summarize:
Ҫ򡭵ĸ棻
outlined the major provisions of the tax bill.
˰ҪԴ
?
outline,contour,profile,silhouette
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a line defining the boundary and shape of an object, a mass, or a figure: 
Щʵ˼Ϊȷһ塢ȺεĽ޺״ߡ 
the outline of the mountains against the sunset;
ɽӳ
saw the contour of the island from the airplane;
ӷɻϿĵΣ
the profile of a king on a coin;
ӲϹΣ
saw the dark silhouette of the family waving farewell. 
ֵһ˵ĺɫӰ 

= =
outlook
out.look
AHD:[outl?k] 
D.J.[6a&t7l&k]
K.K.[6a&t7l&k]
n.ʣ
A point of view; an attitude:
۵㣺̬ȣ
a positive outlook.
һֻ̬
Expectation for the future:
չǰ
the long-term outlook for economic growth.
÷չĳչ
A place where something can be viewed.
ԿһЩĵط
The view seen from such a place.
ɫһطľ
The act of looking out.
Ϊ

= =
output
out.put
AHD:[outp?t] 
D.J.[6a&t7p&t]
K.K.[6a&t7p&t]
n.ʣ
The act or process of producing; production.
Ĺ̻Ϊ
An amount produced or manufactured during a certain time.
ĳһʱ
Intellectual or creative production:
ƷĻԵƷ
literary output; artistic output.
ѧƷƷ
The energy, power, or work produced by a system.
һϵͳʻ
Computer Science The information produced by a computer from a specific input.
ѧ źţضвϢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
out.put.ted  out.put out.put.ting,out.puts 
To produce or manufacture (something) during a certain time.
һʱ죨ĳ

= =
outset
out.set
AHD:[outst] 
D.J.[6a&t7set]
K.K.[6a&t7sWt]
n.ʣ
The beginning; the start:
ˣʼ
Problems arose at the very outset.
ո𲽣
An initial stage, as of an activity:
ڽ׶Σ
The outset of any major project can be difficult.
κҪʵʩĳڶܻ

= =
outside
out.side
AHD:[out-sod, outsod] 
D.J.[a&t6sa!d, 6a&t7sa!d]
K.K.[a&t6sa!d, 6a&t7sa!d]
n.ʣ
The part or parts that face out; the outer surface.
棬ⲿ¶Ĳ֣
The part or side of an object that is presented to the viewer; the external aspect.
ۣܱĲֻ棻
Outward aspect or appearance:
ۻ
You'll never persuade me that I can't tell what men are by their outsides(George Eliot)
Զ޷˵ҲҪòȡˡ(Ρ)
The space beyond a boundary or limit.
磺ĳΧߵĵط
Sports A position at a distance from the inside or center, as of a playing field or racetrack.
˶ ⣬λãԶ룬˶ܵڲĵλ
The utmost limit; the maximum:
ޣˣޣΧ
We'll be leaving in ten days at the outside.
ʮԺǾͳ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being on or near the outer side; outer:
ⲿģģģλĻģģ
the outside margin.
Ŀհ
Of, restricted to, or situated on the outer side of an enclosure or a boundary; external:
ģڣڻλΧ֮ģⲿģ
an outside door lock; an outside antenna.

Located away from the inside or center:
Զڲĵģ
the outside traffic lane.
೵
Acting, occurring, originating, or being at a place beyond certain limits:
ģһΧĵط֡λһΧ֮ĵط
knew little of the outside world.
֪
Gaining or providing access to the external side:
ģӮûṩͨ 
an outside telephone line.
绰
Not belonging to or originating in a certain group or association:
ⲿģڻһ֯ڵģ
requested outside assistance; deplored outside interference.
Ҫ֧Ԯʹĸ
Being beyond the limits of one's usual work or responsibilities:
ҵģĳ˵һ㹤ְģ
My outside interests are skiing and sailing.
ҵҵమǻѩͺ
Extreme, uttermost:
ȵģ׵ģ
The costs have exceeded even our outside estimates.
ѳǹƵֵ
Very unlikely; remote:
ٵģһģǳܵģϸ΢ģ
only an outside possibility of winning the tournament.
һϣӮν
Baseball Passing on the side of home plate away from the batter. Used of a pitch.
 ģԱԶıݱϴġͶ
adv.ʣ
On or to the outer or external side.
ػ
Outdoors.
ڻ
prep.ʣ
On or to the outer or external side of:
ڡ⣬λڻڡࣺ
saw someone outside the window.
Щ
Beyond the limits of:
Ľޣ
a little place outside the city.
֮һСط
With the exception of; except:
ˣ
We have no other information outside the figures already given.
ṩЩ⣬ûϢ

= =
outskirt
out.skirt
AHD:[outsk?rt] 
D.J.[6a&t7skT8t]
K.K.[6a&t7skPt]
n.ʣ
The part or region remote from a central district, as of a city or town. Often used in the plural:
нԶ루лĵĲֻԸʽ֣
on the outskirts of Paris.
ڰ轼

= =
outstanding
out.stand.ing
AHD:[out-st2nd1ng, outst2n-] 
D.J.[a&t6st#nd!0, 6a&t7st#n-]
K.K.[a&t6st#nd!0, 6a&t7st#n-]
adj.ݴʣ
Standing out among others of its kind; prominent.See Synonyms at noticeable 
ܳģͬģܳĲμ noticeable
Superior to others of its kind; distinguished.
ģʤͬģ׿Խ
Projecting upward or outward; standing out.
͹ģϻͻģͻ
Still in existence; not settled or resolved:
δɵģȻڵģδδģ
outstanding debts; a long outstanding problem.
дծ񣻳δ
Publicly issued and sold:
ѹҳ۵ģ
outstanding stocks and bonds.
ѷеĹƱծȯ
?
outstandingly
adv.ʣ

= =
outward
out.ward
AHD:[outwrd] 
D.J.[6a&tw*d]
K.K.[6a&tw*d]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, located on, or moving toward the outside or exterior; outer.
ģģλĻƵģⲿ
Relating to the physical self:
ģйصģ
a concern with outward beauty rather than with inward reflections.
ע˼Ʒ
Purely external; superficial:
ģģģ
outward composure.

adv.ʣ
Also out.wards [-wrdz] Toward the outside; away from a central point.
 Ҳ out.wards [-wrdz] أԶĵ
Archaic On the outside; externally.
 棻ϵ
n.ʣ
The material or external world:
磺
There is nothing here,/Which, from the outward to the inward brought,/Molded thy baby thought(Tennyson)
һ/ڲ/Ӱɵ˼롱(̹ɭ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?d 
Դ Ӣ ?d ?t [out] * see  out ?t [] *μ out
-weard [-ward] 
-weard [-ward׺] 
?
outwardness
n.ʣ

= =
oval
o.val
AHD:[?vl] 
D.J.[6*&v*l]
K.K.[6ov*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Resembling an egg in shape.
εģ״󼦵
Resembling an ellipse in shape; elliptical.
Բεģ״ԲģԲ
n.ʣ
An egg-shaped or elliptical form or figure.
ΣԲΣλԲε״ͼ
An elliptical track, as for racing or athletic events.
Բܵڱ˶ĿԲܵ
?
Medieval Latin ?3lis} 
 ?3lis} 
from Latin ?m [egg] * see  awi- 
Դ  ?m [ѣ] *μ awi- 
?
ovally
adv.ʣ
ovalness
n.ʣ

= =
oven
ov.en
AHD:[?vn] 
D.J.[6Jv*n]
K.K.[6Jv*n]
n.ʣ
A chamber or enclosed compartment for heating, baking, or roasting food, as in a stove, or for firing, baking, hardening, or drying objects, as in a kiln.
¯䣺ů¯ȡ濾ʳһܷС䣻¯ڵȼӲһܷС
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ofen 
Դ Ӣ ofen 

= =
over
o.ver
AHD:[?vr] 
D.J.[6*&v*]
K.K.[6ov+]
prep.ʣ
In or at a position above or higher than:
ڡڡϷȡߣ
a sign over the door; a hawk gliding over the hills.
Ϸıǣɹɽͷӥ
Above and across from one end or side to the other:
Ӷһ˻ߣһһ߻ˣ
a jump over the fence.

To the other side of; across:
һߣԽ
strolled over the bridge.

Across the edge of and down:
ӡıԵ£Խ£
fell over the cliff.
ɽ
On the other side of:
ڡ棺ڡһߣڡĶ棺
a village over the border.
߽Ĵׯ
Upon the surface of:
ڡ棺
put a coat of varnish over the woodwork.
ľƷͿ
On top of or down upon:
ڡˣڡϲڡϣ
clubbed him over the head; tripped over the toys.
ĳ˵ͷ߰
Through the extent of; all through:
ڡķΧڣ鼰
walked over the grounds; looked over the report.
߱ͥ԰ƪ
Through the medium of; via:
ͨɣͨý飻ɣ
addressed us over the loudspeaker; can't tell you over the phone.
͸ݽͨ绰
So as to cover:
ڸǣ
put rocks over a cave entrance; threw a shawl over her shoulders.
ʯڶڴΧļ
Up to or higher than the level or height of:
߳ﵽڡı׼߶ȣ
The water was over my shoulders.
ˮҵļ
Through the period or duration of:
ڡʱڻڼ䣺
records maintained over two years.
ļ¼
Until or beyond the end of:
ֱ򳬹ľͷ
stayed over the holidays.
һֱڽ
More than in degree, quantity, or extent:
ڳ̶ȡΧϳ
over ten miles; over a thousand dollars.
ʮӢһǧԪ
In superiority to:
ڣ
won a narrow victory over her rival; a distinct advantage over our competitors.
ʤ֣ǵľ
In preference to:
Ը
selected him over all the others.
˸Ըѡ
In a position to rule or control:
ͳΣƣͳλλã
The director presides over the meeting. There is no one over him in the department.
ֻ顣û˱ְλ
So as to have an effect or influence on:
ЧӰ죺Ϊ˶ԡЧӰ죺
the change that came over you.
ıĹ۵
While occupied with or engaged in:
¡ʱ
a chat over coffee.
ſ
With reference to; concerning:
漰ڣ
an argument over methods.
ڷ
adv.ʣ
Above the top or surface:
棺Ͽջ棺
climbed the ladder and peered over.
ݶϸ
Across to another or opposite side:
Խأһߵһߣ
stopped at the curb, then crossed over.
ϰǰͣ£ȻԽȥ
Across the edge, brink, or brim:
ԽԽԵ
The coffee spilled over.
ó
Across an intervening space:
Խ
Throw the ball over.
򴫳
Across a distance in a particular direction or at a location:
Ǳߣһξĳضĳط
lives over in England.
ԶӢ
To another often specified place or position:
Ƕһָĵطλã
Move your chair over toward the fire.
Ƶ¯
To one's place of residence or business:
أ칫ҵأĳ˾ס
invited us over for cocktails.
ǲμӼβƻ
Throughout an entire area or region:
鼰أĳش
wandered all over.
й
To a different opinion or allegiance:
ĳһͬĹ۵ӵ
win someone over.
Ӯĳ˵İ
So as to be comprehensible, acceptable, or effective; across:
أɽܵأЧأΪܱ⡢ܻЧأͷβ
eventually got my point over.
ڰҵĹ۵㽲
To a different person, condition, or title:
һͬˡƣ
sign the property over.
ǩתòƲ
So as to be completely enclosed or covered:
ȫأǵأԱ㱻װΧ򸲸ǵأ𸲸õأ
The river froze over. Engineers sealed the tunnel entrance over.
ȫˡʦܷס
Completely through; from beginning to end:
꾡أͷβأ
Think the problem over. Let's read the memo over.
ȫ˼⡣ǰѱ¼꾡ضһ
From an upright position:
ֱλã
kicked the bookstand over.
߷
From an upward position to an inverted or reversed position:
תأأϷת෴λã
turn the paper over.
ҳ
Another time; again:
һΣٴΣ
counted his cards over; had to do it over.
ƣֻһ
In repetition:
ظأ
made me write it ten times over.
ҷдʮ
In addition or excess; in surplus:
ӵءأʣأ
lots of food left over.
ʣʳ
Beyond or until a specified time:
ֱֱĳضʱ䣺
stay a day over.
һ
At an end:

Summer is over.

Used in two-way radio to indicate that a transmission is complete and a reply is awaited.
ɣ˫ߵ㲥ʹãָĳһϢͣŴ
adj.ݴʣ
External; outer.
ģⲿ
Excessive; extreme.
ģ˵
Not yet used up; remaining.
δģʣ
Extra; surplus.
ӵģ
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A series of six balls bowled from one end of a cricket pitch.
һͶӰͶһϵе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.vered,o.ver.ing,o.vers 
To jump over:
߹
Horse and rider overed the stile with ease.
׾ٵ̤
?
over against
As opposed to; contrasted with.
ڡ棻롭γɶ
over with
Completely finished; done:
ɵأɵأ
Let's get the shopping over with. Are we over with all this shopping?
ǹƷǹҪƷ?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ofer * see  uper 
Դ Ӣ ofer *μ uper 

= =
overall
o.ver.all
AHD:[?vr-?l] 
D.J.[6*&v*7r%8l]
K.K.[6ov+7r%l]
adj.ݴʣ
From one end to the other:
ͷβģһ˵һ˵ģ
the overall length of the house.
䷿ӵȫ
Including everything; comprehensive:
ܵģһеģȫģ
the overall costs of medical care.
ҽƱܻ
Regarded as a whole; general:
ϵģģģ
My overall impression was favorable.
ҵӡǺܺõ
adv.ʣ
[?vr-?l] On the whole; generally:
[?vr-?l] ܵ˵ϣ
enjoyed the performance overall.
ܵ˵ݳܻӭ
n.ʣ
Chiefly British A loose-fitting protective outer garment; a smock.
Ӣ һֿɵ𱣻õ£
overalls Loose-fitting trousers, usually of strong fabric, with a bib front and shoulder straps, often worn over regular clothing as protection from dirt.
 overalls ɵĿӣװ㣺ɼ֯ƳɵĿɵĿӣǰΧȹϲ֣бͨ·Ե

= =
overcoat
o.ver.coat
AHD:[?vr-k?t] 
D.J.[6*&v*7k*&t]
K.K.[6ov+7kot]
n.ʣ
A heavy coat worn over ordinary clothing in cold weather.
£ʱͨ·֮ĺ
An additional, protective coating, as of paint.
㣬ĤһġԵͿ

= =
overcome
o.ver.come
AHD:[?vr-k?m] 
D.J.[7*&v*6kJm]
K.K.[7ov+6kJm]
v.ʣ
o.ver.came[-k3m] o.ver.come,o.ver.com.ing,o.ver.comes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To defeat (another) in competition or conflict; conquer.See Synonyms at defeat 
սʤڱлܣˣμ defeat
To prevail over; surmount:
ʤ˷Խ
tried to overcome the obstacles of poverty.
˷ƶϰ
To overpower, as with emotion; affect deeply.
ԸʹӰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To surmount opposition; be victorious.
ʤսʤȡʤ

= =
overflow
o.ver.flow
AHD:[?vr-fl?] 
D.J.[7*&v*6fl*&]
K.K.[7ov+6flo]
v.ʣ
o.ver.flowed,o.ver.flow.ing,o.ver.flows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To flow or run over the top, brim, or banks.
ģԵ
To be filled beyond capacity, as a container or waterway.
ģɵ޶ȣһ򺽵
To have a boundless supply; be superabundant.See Synonyms at teem 1
磺ԴԴϵعӦ磬μ teem1
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To flow over the top, brim, or banks of.
ģӡĶԵ򰶱
To spread or cover over; flood.
鼰û
To cause to fill beyond capacity.
ʹʹó
n.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-fl?] 
The act of overflowing.
ģĵΪ
Something that flows over; an excess.
ĳʣĳʣ
An outlet or a vent through which excess liquid may escape.
ڣܣʹʣҺȥĳڻ©
Computer Science A condition in which a calculation produces a unit of data too large to be stored in the location allotted to it.
ѧ λݹڲܱ浽涨λõһ

= =
overhead
o.ver.head
AHD:[?vr-hd] 
D.J.[6*&v*7hed]
K.K.[6ov+7hWd]
adj.ݴʣ
Located, functioning, or originating from above.
ģ߼ܵģλϲģϷתĻԴϲ
Of or relating to the operating expenses of a business.
õȣģģڻҵתѵ
n.ʣ
The operating expenses of a business, including the costs of rent, utilities, interior decoration, and taxes, exclusive of labor and materials.
ããҵĹã豸ڲװ޼˰ȵĻʺ͹ԭϵķ
Nautical The top surface in an enclosed space of a ship.
 壺ܱյĴյĶ
Something, such as a light fixture, that is located above head height.
װãװͷĹ̶װãװ
Sports A stroke in a game, such as tennis or badminton, that is made with a hard downward motion from above the head.
˶ ëеһŴͷµĶ
An overhead projector.
ͷͶӰ
adv.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-hd] 
Over or above the level of the head; high or higher up:
ͷ棻ϻϣ
look overhead.
Ͽ

= =
overhear
o.ver.hear
AHD:[?vr-h?r] 
D.J.[7*&v*6h!*]
K.K.[7ov+6h!r]
v.ʣ
o.ver.heard[-h?rd] o.ver.hear.ing,o.ver.hears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hear (speech or someone speaking) without the speaker's awareness or intent.
żȻлżȻĳ˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hear something without the speaker's awareness or intent.
͵лżȻ͵ĳ
?
overhearer
n.ʣ

= =
overlap
o.ver.lap
AHD:[?vr-l2p] 
D.J.[7*&v*6l#p]
K.K.[7ov+6l#p]
v.ʣ
o.ver.lapped,o.ver.lap.ping,o.ver.laps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lie or extend over and cover part of.
صλڻסһ
To have an area or a range in common with.
롭ͬһͬΧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie over and partly cover something.
صλĳҲֵڸס
To correspond in character or function:
ͬԻơ൱
Their duties overlap.
ǵְͬ
Mathematics To have one or more elements in common. Used of sets.
ѧ 롭ͬĳһͬԪأָ
n.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-l2p] 
A part or portion that overlaps or is overlapped.
ص֣صصĲ
An instance of overlapping.
ص

= =
overlook
o.ver.look
AHD:[?vr-l?k] 
D.J.[7*&v*6l&k]
K.K.[7ov+6l&k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.looked,o.ver.look.ing,o.ver.looks 
To look over or at from a higher place.
ӻڸߴ
To rise above, especially so as to afford a view over:
ڡ֮ϣָ߳Ϊ˸ȫò
The tower overlooks the sea.
¥
To fail to notice or consider; miss.
©ûעǵ©
To ignore deliberately or indulgently; disregard.
ԣغԣ
To look over; examine.
ӣػݵغԣ
To watch over; oversee.See Synonyms at supervise 
չܣ죬ලμ supervise
n.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-l?k] 
An elevated place that affords an extensive view:
߳ʹҰĸߴ
a scenic overlook.
ɫĳ

= =
overnight
o.ver.night
AHD:[?vr-not] 
D.J.[6*&v*7na!t]
K.K.[6ov+7na!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Lasting for, extending over, or remaining during a night:
һҹģһҹģ򱣳һҹģ
an overnight trip; an overnight guest.
һҹУҹĿ
For use over a single night or for a short journey:
;õģֻһ;Ļ򹩶;õģ
overnight supplies.
ֻһҹõıҪƷ
Mailed for guaranteed delivery on the next day:
֤͵ģΪ֤ڶ챻Ͷʼĵģ
an overnight package.
ǰһʼĵİ
Happening as if in a single night; sudden:
ͻȻģƺһҹֵ֮ģͻȻģ
an overnight success.
ͻĳɹ
adv.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-not] 
During or for the length of the night:
ͻȻֵأҹҹĳһʱ̣
Let the meat marinate overnight.
֭һҹ
In or as if in the course of one night; suddenly:
ͻȻڻһҹ䣬һӣͻȻ
became a sensation overnight.
ͻȻ䶯
n.ʣ
An overnight stay or trip.
һҹĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.night.ed,o.ver.night.ing,o.ver.nights[?vr-not]  
To spend the night:
һҹ
overnighting at a country inn.
һùһҹ

= =
overseas
o.ver.seas
AHD:[?vr-s?z, ?vr-s?z] 
D.J.[7*&v*6si8z, 6*&v*7si8z]
K.K.[7ov+6siz, 6ov+7siz]
adv.ʣ
Beyond the sea; abroad.
ڻ⣻ڻ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, originating in, or situated in countries across the sea.
ģڡڡԴڻںҵ

= =
overt
o.vert
AHD:[?-v?rt, ?v?rt] 
D.J.[*&6vT8t, 6*&7vT8t]
K.K.[o6vPt, 6o7vPt]
adj.ݴʣ
Open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret:
ģ׵ģģԵģڲءڸǵĻܵģ
overt hostility; overt intelligence gathering.
Ȼĵ⣻ǻ۵Ľᾧ
Of, relating to, or being military or intelligence operations sanctioned or mandated by Congress:
ģڡйعֹ׼ľж鱨
overt aid to the rebels.
ߵĹԮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [past participle of] ovrir [to open] 
Դ ŷ  [] ovrirĹȥִ [] 
from Vulgar Latin *?ore} 
Դ  *?ore} 
alteration  influenced by Latin c?ore} [to cover] 
    c?oreӰ} [ڲ] 
of Latin aperoe * see  wer- 4
  apero *μ wer- 4
?
overtly
adv.ʣ
overtness
n.ʣ

= =
overtake
o.ver.take
AHD:[?vr-t3k] 
D.J.[7*&v*6te!k]
K.K.[7ov+6tek]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.took[-t?k] o.ver.tak.en[-t3kn] o.ver.tak.ing,o.ver.takes 
To catch up with; draw even or level with.
ϣ׷ϣ͡ƽ֣롭ʤ
To pass after catching up with.
׷Ȼ󳬹
To come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise:
ͻȻϮͻȻڣϣ
geopolitical strategists who were overtaken by events in the Middle East.
жܶĵѧսԼ

= =
overthrow
o.ver.throw
AHD:[?vr-thr?] 
D.J.[7*&v*6Gr*&]
K.K.[7ov+6Gro]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.threw[-thr?] o.ver.thrown[-thr?n] o.ver.throw.ing,o.ver.throws 
To throw over; overturn.
ܾƷ
To bring about the downfall or destruction of, especially by force or concerted action:
Ʒָƾһж𡭵Ŀ̨ٻ
a plot to overthrow the government.
Ʒı
Sports To throw an object over and beyond (an intended mark):
˶ ׹ԽͳһԤڵĿ꣩
The infielder overthrew first base.
ҰְͶһ
n.ʣ
AHD:[?vr-thr?] 
An instance of overthrowing, especially one that results in downfall or destruction.
Ʒ򵹣Ʒ򵹵ʵָ¿̨ٻʵ
Sports The throwing of a ball over and beyond a target, especially in baseball.
˶ ӵùԶָУԽͳĿͶ
?
overthrow,overturn,subvert,topple,upset
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause the downfall, destruction, abolition, or undoing of: 
Щʵ˼ǡ𡭵Ŀ̨ƻϳ𡱣 
overthrow an empire;
Ʒһ۹
overturn existing institutions;
ϳִƶȣ
subverting civil order;
ƻ
toppled the government;
߸
unable to upset the will. 
ܴݿ־ 

= =
overtime
o.ver.time
AHD:[?vr-tom] 
D.J.[6*&v*7ta!m]
K.K.[6ov+7ta!m]
n.Abbr. OT,o.t.,O.T.ʣд OT,o.t.,O.T.
Time beyond an established limit, as:
ʱ޶ʱ䣬磺
Working hours in addition to those of a regular schedule.
Ӱʱ䣺̶ʱĹСʱ
Sports A period of playing time added after the expiration of the set time limit.
˶ ӳʱ䣺ڹ̶ʱ֮ı
Payment for additional work done outside of regular working hours.
Ӱѣʱ֮Ķ⹤ı
adv.ʣ
Beyond the established time limit, especially that of the normal working day:
Ӱأ˼ȶʱ䣬ָʱ޶ȣ
The newspaper staff worked overtime.
ŹԱʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.timed,o.ver.tim.ing,o.ver.times[?vr-tom]  
To exceed the desired timing for:
ʱԤڵʱ䣺
overtime a photographic exposure.
ʹӰعʱ

= =
overwhelm
o.ver.whelm
AHD:[?vr-hwlm, -wlm] 
D.J.[7*&v*6hwelm, -6welm]
K.K.[7ov+6hwWlm, -6wWlm]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
o.ver.whelmed,o.ver.whelm.ing,o.ver.whelms 
To surge over and submerge; engulf:
ȫǹûûϯ
waves overwhelming the rocky shoreline.
û˶ʯĺĺ
To defeat completely and decisively:
ƷײԵػܣ
Our team overwhelmed the visitors by 40 points.
Ƕ40ֳ׻˿Ͷ
To affect deeply in mind or emotion:
ƣ˼Ӱ̣
Despair overwhelmed me.

To present with an excessive amount:
ݸ裺ڴظ裺
They overwhelmed us with expensive gifts.
ǸǴİ
To turn over; upset:
ʹ򷭣ʹ㵹ʹ㷭
The small craft was overwhelmed by the enormous waves.
С޴ĺ˴

= =
owe
owe
AHD:[?] 
D.J.[*&]
K.K.[o]
v.ʣ
owed,ow.ing,owes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be indebted to the amount of:
ǷǷһծ
He owes me five dollars.
ǷԪ
To have a moral obligation to render or offer:
Ӧĵ壺е黹ṩ
I owe them an apology.
ӦǵǸ
To be in debt to:
ծ
We owe the plumber for services rendered.
ṩķǷծ
To be indebted or obliged for:
жڣӦ鹦ڣ
owed their riches to oil; owes her good health to diet and exercise.
ʯͲǵĲƸĽ鹦ʳͶ
To bear (a certain feeling) toward a person or persons:
Уĳ˻ĳЩУĸ飩
You seem to owe your neighbors a grudge.
ھԹ
Archaic To have as a possession; own.
 ΪƲӵУռ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in debt:
Ƿծ
She still owes for the car.
ȻûǮ
?
Middle English owen 
йӢ owen 
from Old English 3n [to possess] * see  ?ik- 
Դ Ӣ 3n [ӵ] *μ ?ik- 

= =
owl
owl
AHD:[oul] 
D.J.[a&l]
K.K.[a&l]
n.ʣ
Any of various often nocturnal birds of prey of the order Strigiformes, having hooked and feathered talons, large heads with short hooked beaks, large eyes set forward, and fluffy 
plumage that allows for almost noiseless flight.
èͷӥκθ־ҹʳҹдĸëצӣж̹๵ĴͷǰӵĴ۾ëҹķ
Any of a breed of domestic pigeons resembling owls.
һèͷӥһļҸ
?
Middle English owle 
йӢ owle 
from Old English ?e 
Դ Ӣ ?e 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 

= =
own
own
AHD:[?n] 
D.J.[*&n]
K.K.[on]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or belonging to oneself or itself:
ԼģԼģĳԼĻĳﱾģ
She makes her own clothes.
Լ·
n.ʣ
That which belongs to one:
һ˵Ķ
It is my own.
ԼĶ
v.ʣ
owned,own.ing,owns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have or possess as property:
ӵУΪƲлӵУ
owns a chain of restaurants.
ӵ
To have control over:
ƣ
For a time, enemy planes owned the skies.
һ˵ķɻ
To admit as being in accordance with fact, truth, or a claim; acknowledge.
ϣʵҪһµģ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a full confession or acknowledgment:
ȫϣ
When confronted with the evidence the thief owned up.See Synonyms at acknowledge 
֤ǰС͵ԹԵ˲μ acknowledge
?
of (one's) own
Belonging completely to oneself:
ӵУȫȫĳԼ
a room of one's own.
Լһ
on (one's) own
By one's own efforts:
ͨԼŬ
She got the job on her own.
Լҵݹ
Responsible for oneself; independent of outside help or control:
ԼأԼԼ𣻶İ֮⣺
He is now out of college and on his own.
뿪˴ѧԼ
?
Middle English owen 
йӢ owen 
from Old English 3n * see  ?ik- 
Դ Ӣ 3n *μ ?ik- 
?
owner
n.ʣ

= =
ownership
own.er.ship
AHD:[?nr-sh1p] 
D.J.[6*&n*7.!p]
K.K.[6on+7.!p]
n.ʣ
The state or fact of being an owner.
ݣ˵״̬ʵ
Legal right to the possession of a thing.
ȨϷӵһȨ

= =
ox
ox
AHD:[?ks] 
D.J.[Kks]
K.K.[$ks]
n.ʣ
 ox.en[?ksn]  
An adult castrated bull of the genusBos,  especially B. taurus,  used chiefly as a draft animal. 
ţָһֳı˸˵ţţ ָ ţ ҪĶ 
A bovine mammal.
ţƵĲ鶯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English oxa 
Դ Ӣ oxa 

= =
oxide
ox.ide
AHD:[?ksod] 
D.J.[6Kk7sa!d]
K.K.[6$k7sa!d]
n.ʣ
A binary compound of an element or a radical with oxygen.
һԪصĶԪԭ
?
French 
 
ox(ygne) [oxygen] * see  oxygen 
ox(ygne) [] *μ oxygen
(ac)ide [acid]  from Latin acidus [tart, acid] * see  acid 
(ac)ide []  Դ  acidus [] *μ acid
?
oxidic
AHD:[?k-s1d1k] ݴʣ

= =
pace
pace 1
AHD:[p3s] 
D.J.[pe!s]
K.K.[pes]
n.ʣ
A step made in walking; a stride.
һʱһһ
A unit of length equal to 30 inches (0.76 meter).
ȵλ൱30Ӣ(0.76ףĳȵλ
The distance spanned by a step or stride, especially:
һһľ룬ָ
The modern version of the Roman pace, measuring five English feet.Also called  geometric pace 
ִ࣬5ӢҲ  geometric pace
Thirty inches at quick marching time or 36 at double time.
첽ǰʱÿ30Ӣ˫ʱÿ36Ӣ
Five Roman feet or 58.1 English inches, measured from the point at which the heel of one foot is raised to the point at which it is set down again after an intervening step by the other 
foot.
5Ӣ߻58.1Ӣ磬һֻŵĽŸ̧һֻŲֻ֮ŸΪֹ
The rate of speed at which a person, an animal, or a group walks or runs.
٣ˡһȺ߻ܵ
The rate of speed at which an activity or a movement proceeds.
ʣٶȣ˶ʼ
A manner of walking or running:
̬߻ܵķʽ
a jaunty pace.
Ĳ̬
A gait of a horse in which both feet on one side leave and return to the ground together.
㣺ͬͬʱغصһֲ̬
v.ʣ
paced,pac.ing,pac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To walk or stride back and forth across:
ⲽȥ߻
paced the floor nervously.
ڵذϽŵⲽ
To measure by counting the number of steps needed to cover a distance.
⣺ͨ߹һĲ
To set or regulate the rate of speed for.
涨
To train (a horse) in a particular gait, especially the pace.
ѵ㣺ѵһⲽǲ̬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To walk with long, deliberate steps.
⣺ԳҴݵĲ
To go at the pace. Used of a horse or rider.
㣺߹ָ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pas 
Դ ŷ pas 
from Latin passus [from past participle of] pandere [to stretch, spread out] * see  pet- 
Դ  passus  [] ԴpandereĹȥִ [չ] *μ pet- 
?
pace
pace 2
AHD:[p3s?, p?ch3, -k3] 
D.J.[6pe!si8, 6p$8t.e!, -ke!]
K.K.[6pesi, 6p$t.e, -ke]
prep.ʣ
With the permission of; with deference to. Used to express polite or ironically polite disagreement:
ɡ׼Ŷԡľ⣺õ˳ӣʾòԵò飺
I have not, pace my detractors, entered into any secret negotiations.
ûУˡûмκ̸
?
Latin p3e [ablative of] p3x [peace] * see  pag- 
 p3e  [] p3xĶ [ƽ] *μ pag- 
?
pace
adv.ʣ

= =
pacific
pa.cif.ic
AHD:[p-s1f1k]  Ҳ pa.cif.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[p*6s!f!k] Ҳ pa.cif.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[p*6s!f!k] Ҳ pa.cif.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Tending to diminish or put an end to conflict; appeasing.
͵ģͼСֹͣͻģƽϢ
Of a peaceful nature; tranquil.
º͵ģģڰԵģ
?
French pacifique 
 pacifique 
from Old French pacifice 
Դ ŷ pacifice 
from Latin p3s 
Դ  p3s 
p3x  p3c- [peace] * see  pag- 
p3x  p3c- [ƽ] *μ pag- 
-ficus [-fic] 
-ficus [׺ʾγɵġ] 
?
pacifically
adv.ʣ
?
Pacific
Pa.cif.ic
AHD:[p-s1f1k] 
D.J.[p*6s!f!k]
K.K.[p*6s!f!k]
n.ʣ
The Pacific Ocean.
̫ƽ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, in, or near the Pacific Ocean.
̫ƽģ̫ƽл򸽽
Of, on, or near the western coast of the United States.
̫ƽذģ̫ƽذλϻ򿿽
Of or concerning countries bordering the Pacific Ocean, especially those of Asia and North America.
̫ƽҵģ̫ƽٽܱߵĹҵģָλ뱱Ĺ

= =
pack
pack 1
AHD:[p2k] 
D.J.[p#k]
K.K.[p#k]
n.Abbr. pk.ʣд pk.
A collection of items tied up or wrapped; a bundle.
һһסĻõĶϣ
A container made to be carried on the back of a person or an animal.
˻ﱳϵĿװ
The amount, as of food, that is processed and packaged at one time or in one season.
װһʱڻһڼӹõʳƷ
A small package containing a standard number of identical or similar items:
׼װ׼ͬƶСװ
a pack of matches.
һл
A complete set of related items:
һףһضһף
a pack of cards.
һ
Informal A large amount; a heap:
ʽ ࣺһѣ
earned a pack of money.
׬һǮ
A group of animals, such as dogs or wolves, that run and hunt together.See Synonyms at flock 1
Ⱥһܲһ׷һȺ繷ǲμ flock1
A gang of people:
һˣ
a pack of hoodlums.
һȺå
An organized troop having common interests:
һ壺йͬȤ֯Ⱥ壺
a Cub Scout pack.
ͯӾ
A mass of large pieces of floating ice driven together.
鸡ѻһĴ鸡
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
The swathing of a patient or a body part in hot, cold, wet, or dry materials, such as cloth towels, sheets, or blankets.
Ʒ䡢ȡʪɵĲ²˻岿ֵİ粼ëë̺
The materials so used.
ʹõĲ
A material, such as gauze, that is therapeutically inserted into a body cavity or wound; packing.
һΪҽöǻ˿ڵĲϣɴɴ
An ice pack; an ice bag.

A cosmetic paste that is applied to the skin, allowed to dry, and then rinsed off.
ͿһƤĻױ࣬ɺˮȥ
v.ʣ
packed,pack.ing,packs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fold, roll, or combine into a bundle; wrap up.
ۡϳɰ
To put into a receptacle for transporting or storing:
Ϊ򴢴Žһ
pack one's belongings.

To fill up with items:
װöװ
pack one's trunk.
װĳ˵Ƥ
To process and put into containers in order to preserve, transport, or sell:
װΪ˱桢ӹװ
packed the fruit in jars.
ˮװ
To bring together (persons or things) closely; crowd together:
ѣ˻ܵؾۼһ𣻼һ
managed to pack 300 students into the lecture hall.
Ŭٸѧۼڻ
To fill up tight; cram.
ʹװѡ
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
To wrap (a patient) in a pack.
ùɴˣ
To insert a pack into a body cavity or wound.
ѹǻ˿
To wrap tightly for protection or to prevent leakage:
Ϊ˱ֹ©ã
pack a valve stem.
û
To press together; compact firmly:
ѹѹһѹ
packed the clay and straw into bricks.
ճѹש
Informal To carry, deliver, or have available for action:
ʽ УУˡͻЯжõĶ
a thug who packed a pistol; a fighter who packs a hard punch; a storm that packed winds in excess of 75 miles an hour.
ЯǹĶȭȭ֣һдÿСʱ75ӢĴı
To send unceremoniously:
ߣ㷢ͣ
The parents packed both children off to bed.
ĸ򷢺ϴ˯
To constitute (a voting panel) by appointment, selection, or arrangement in such a way that it is favorable to one's purposes or point of view; rig:
ͨͨĳ˵ĿĻ۵ָѡٻɣѡίԱᣩ¢ϣ
In 1937 Roosevelt threatened to pack the court(New Republic)
1937˹в˵Ҫͨ١(¹͹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To place one's belongings in boxes or luggage for transporting or storing.
װΪ򴢴ĳ˵Ķӻ
To be susceptible of compact storage:
ղأأ
Dishes pack more easily than glasses.
ӱȲղ
To form lumps or masses; become compacted.
飺γɿţý
?
pack it inʽ
To cease work or activity:
ֹֹͣͣ
Let's pack it in for the day.
͵Ű
?
Middle English pak 
йӢ pak 
[possibly of Low German origin] 
[Դڵ͵ص] 
?
packability
n.ʣ
packable
adj.ݴʣ
?
pack
pack 2
AHD:[p2k] 
D.J.[p#k]
K.K.[p#k]
n.ʣ
Variant of pac 
 pacı

= =
package
pack.age
AHD:[p2k1j] 
D.J.[6p#k!d9]
K.K.[6p#k!d9]
n.Abbr. pkg.ʣд pkg.
A wrapped or boxed object; a parcel.
õĻúװõ
A container in which something is packed for storage or transportion.
װһΪѰõĶ
A preassembled unit.
ԤװԤװõԪ
A commodity, such as food, uniformly processed and containerized.
Ʒʳͬӹװõ
A proposition or an offer composed of several items, each of which must be accepted.
飬飺ɺüɵĽ飬ÿһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pack.aged,pack.ag.ing,pack.ag.es 
To place into a package or make a package of.
Žѡɰ
?
packager
n.ʣ

= =
packet
pack.et
AHD:[p2k1t] 
D.J.[6p#k!t]
K.K.[6p#k!t]
n.Abbr. pkt.ʣд pkt.
A small package or bundle.
һС
Informal A sizable sum of money.
ʽ һǮ൱ĿһǮ
Nautical A boat, usually a coastal or river steamer, that plies a regular route and carries passengers, freight, and mail.
 ֣ʴһСͨһغĻӱߵִڹ̶·߲˳˿͡ż
Computer Science A short block of data transmitted in a packet switching network.
ѧ ڰд͵ĶϢ
?
Middle English pekette [probably diminutive of] pak [pack] * see  pack 1
йӢ pekette  [] pakС׺ [װ] *μ pack1

= =
pad
pad 1
AHD:[p2d] 
D.J.[p#d]
K.K.[p#d]
n.ʣ
A thin, cushionlike mass of soft material used to fill, to give shape, or to protect against jarring, scraping, or other injury.
棬ģġ󿿵һϣװλֹѹβ˺
A flexible saddle without a frame.
죺һûܵ͵İ
An ink-soaked cushion used to ink a rubber stamp.
ӡ̨ӡࣺͿīˮƤӡµīˮ
A number of sheets of paper of the same size stacked one on top of the other and glued together at one end; a tablet.
ֽһЩεһճסĴСȵֽ㲾
The broad, floating leaf of an aquatic plant such as the water lily.
ҶҶˮֲƯĿҶӣ˯
The cushionlike flesh on the underpart of the toes and feet of many animals.
ֺ⣺දĽֺͽ״
The foot of such an animal.
ţֶĽ
The fleshy underside of the end of a finger or toe.
棺ָֺĩ˶²
A launch pad.
̨
A helipad.
ֱɻ̨
A keypad.

Slang One's apartment or room.
ٵ Ԣңĳ˵ĹԢ򷿼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pad.ded,pad.ding,pads 
To line or stuff with soft material.
ĲĻ
To lengthen (something written or spoken) with extraneous material:
ӳͼӴף޹ؽҪĲϼӳͷ
pad a rsum; pad an expense account.
ӳ˼鱨֧
?
on the padٵ
Taking bribes.
ܻ
?
Origin unknown 
Դδ֪ 
?
padless
adj.ݴʣ
?
pad
pad 2
AHD:[p2d] 
D.J.[p#d]
K.K.[p#d]
v.ʣ
pad.ded,pad.ding,pads 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go about on foot.
У
To move or walk about almost inaudibly.
ɽŲߣûƶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go along (a route) on foot:
;У
padding the long road into town.
źܳ·ȥ
n.ʣ
A muffled sound resembling that of soft footsteps.
ͳĽŲĵͳ
A horse with a plodding gait.
ųؽŲ
?
[Probably of Low German origin] ; akin to  akin to path 
[ԴԵ͵ص]    path 
?
padder
n.ʣ

= =
page
page 1
AHD:[p3j] 
D.J.[pe!d9]
K.K.[ped9]
n.ʣ
Abbr. p.,pg.
д p.,pg.
One side of a leaf, as of a book, letter, newspaper, or manuscript, especially the entire leaf:
ҳһҳһ棬顢šָֽ壬ҳ
tore a page from the book.
Ȿ˺һҳ
The writing or printing on one side of a leaf.
һҳӡˢ֣һҳһϵּӡˢ
The type set for printing one side of a leaf.
һҳ棺Ϊһӡˢİ
A noteworthy or memorable event:
Ҫ££ֵעֵü¼
a new page in history.
ʷһֵü
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A quantity of memory storage equal to between 512 and 4,096 bytes.
ҳ൱5124096ֽڵļ䴢
A quantity of source program coding equal to between 8 and 64 lines.
ҳ൱864֮ϳ
pages A source or record of knowledge:
 pages ֪ʶԴ¼
in the pages of science.
ڿѧ¼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
paged,pag.ing,pag.es 
To number the pages of; paginate.
ҳ룺ҳҳ룻ҳ
To turn the pages of:
ҳ
page through a magazine.
һ־
?
French 
 
alteration of Old French pagine 
 ŷ pagineı仯 
from Latin p3a * see  pag- 
Դ  p3a *μ pag- 
?
pageful
n.ʣ
?
page
page 2
AHD:[p3j] 
D.J.[pe!d9]
K.K.[ped9]
n.ʣ
A boy who acted as a knight's attendant as the first stage of training for chivalric knighthood.
̣һʿ̴ӵкԴΪѵʿݵĵһ׶
A youth in ceremonial employment or attendance at court.
ԱڼʽϹûӵ
One who is employed to run errands, carry messages, or act as a guide in a hotel, theater, or club.
ȡšΪ糡ֲԱ
One who is similarly employed in the U.S. Congress or another legislature.
̴ӹ٣һرƵعõ
A boy who holds the bride's train at a wedding.
Сࣺڻִȹյк
v.tr.ﶯʣ
paged,pag.ing,pag.es 
To summon or call (a person) by name.
ֻͨУһˣ
To summon or call (a person) by means of a beeper.
ͨлУһˣ
To attend as a page.
Ϊ߲μ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
possibly from Italian paggio 
Դ  paggio 
perhaps ultimately from Greek paidion 
Դ ϣ paidion 
diminutive of pais  paid- [child] * see  pau- 
 paisС׺  paid- [С] *μ pau- 
?
Page
Page
AHD:[p3j] Thomas Nelson (1853-1922) 
D.J.[pe!d9]
K.K.[ped9]
NONE޴ԣ
American writer and diplomat remembered for his nostalgic works about the Old South, such asTwo Little Confederates  (1888) and Red Rock  (1898). 
棬˹ɶѷ(1853-1922) Һ⽻ңԾϲĻƷǼ硶ϲСӡ 1888꣩ ʯ 1898꣩ 
?
Page
PageWalter Hines (1855-1918)
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist and diplomat. As U.S. ambassador to Great Britain (1913-1918) he encouraged American participation in World War I.
棬ֶء˹(1855-1918) żߺ⽻ңΪפӢ۹Ĵʹ(1913-1918꣩ʹٲμӵһս

= =
pail
pail
AHD:[p3l] 
D.J.[pe!l]
K.K.[pel]
n.ʣ
A watertight cylindrical vessel, open at the top and fitted with a handle; a bucket.
Ͱһֲ©ˮԲа֣ˮͰ
The amount that a pail can hold.
һͰ֮ˮͰװˮ
?
Middle English paile 
йӢ paile 
probably from Old French paele [warming pan] 
Դ ŷ paele [̿¯] 
perhaps from Latin patella [small pan] * see  paella 
Դ  patella [С] *μ paella
?
pailful
n.ʣ

= =
pain
pain
AHD:[p3n] 
D.J.[pe!n]
K.K.[pen]
n.ʣ
An unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease, or emotional disorder.
ʹΪ˺ĻҵĽԸֲͬس̶ȳֵ˲
Suffering or distress.
ʹ
pains The pangs of childbirth.
 pains ʹʱľʹ
pains Great care or effort:
 pains ࣬ŬĹעŬ
take pains with one's work.
Ŭ
Informal A source of annoyance; a nuisance.
ʽ յĸԴֵ£յĸԴĶ
v.ʣ
pained,pain.ing,pains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause pain to; hurt or injure.
˺ʹࣻ˺Ū
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be the cause of pain.
ʹʹࣺΪʹʹԭ
?
on pain of 
under pain of
Subject to the penalty of a specified punishment, such as death.
ΥԡӦһָͷ̷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French peine 
Դ ŷ peine 
from Latin poena [penalty, pain] 
Դ  poena [̷ʹ] 
from Greek poin?} [penalty] * see  k wei- 1
Դ ϣ poin?} [ͷ] *μ k wei- 1
?
pain,ache,pang,smart,stitch,throe,twinge
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a sensation of severe physical discomfort: 
Щеһ˼ǡϼĸо 
abdominal pain;
ʹ
aches and cramps in a leg;
ϵʹ;Σ
the pangs of childbirth;
ӵľʹ
aspirin that alleviated the smart;
ʹİ˹ƥ֣
a stitch in the side;
һͻȻʹ
the throes of dying;
Ŀʹ
a twinge of arthritis. See also Synonyms at  effort 
ؽʹ μͬ effort

= =
painful
pain.ful
AHD:[p3nfl] 
D.J.[6pe!nf*l]
K.K.[6penf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing pain.
ʹ
Full of pain.
ʹ
Requiring care and labor; irksome:
Ҫķģʹģ
a painful task.
Ĺ
Archaic Diligent; careful.
 βģ
?
painfully
adv.ʣ
painfulness
n.ʣ

= =
paint
paint
AHD:[p3nt] 
D.J.[pe!nt]
K.K.[pent]
n.ʣ
A liquid mixture, usually of a solid pigment in a liquid vehicle, used as a decorative or protective coating.
᣺һװλ򱣻ҺͨҺܼеĹ
The thin, dry film formed by such a mixture when applied to a surface.
Ѹ㣺ڱʱֻﱡɵĤ
The solid pigment before it is mixed with a vehicle.
δĹͿϣںչɫ֮ǰĹ
A cosmetic, such as rouge, that is used to give color to the face; makeup.
ױƷһƤɫĻױƷ֬ױƷ
See  pinto 
μ  pinto
v.ʣ
paint.ed,paint.ing,paints 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a picture) with paints.
滭
To represent in a picture with paints.
ڻϱֳ
To depict vividly in words.
дԴ
To coat or decorate with paint:
᣺ͿĨװΣ
paint a house.
᷿
To apply cosmetics to.
ױѻױƷͿڡ
To apply medicine to; swab:
Ϳҩڡҩڣ
paint a wound.
ҩ˿
Computer Science To display (graphic data) on a video terminal.
ѧ ʾͼƵնʾͼݣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice the art of painting pictures.
滭ͻ
To cover something with paint.
Ϳ᣺ͿĨĳ
To apply cosmetics to oneself:
ͿױƷûױƷԼɫ
Let her paint an inch thick, to this favor she must come(Shakespeare)
ͿһӢĻױƷɣȺá(ɯʿ)
To serve as a surface to be coated with paint:
Ϳ᣺ΪͿϣ
These nonporous surfaces paint badly with a brush.
Щ͸ıѱˢˢ
?
paint the town redٵ
To go on a spree.
磬
?
From Middle English painten [to paint] 
Դ йӢ painten [Ϳϣ] 
from Old French peintier 
Դ ŷ peintier 
from peint [past participle of] peindre 
Դ peint  [] peindreĹȥִ 
from Latin pingere * see  peig- 
Դ  pingere *μ peig- 
?
paintability
n.ʣ
paintable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
painter
painter 1
AHD:[p3ntr] 
D.J.[6pe!nt*]
K.K.[6pent+]
n.ʣ
One who paints, either as an artist or a worker.
ңṤˣΪһΪ
?
painter
painter 2
AHD:[p3ntr] 
D.J.[6pe!nt*]
K.K.[6pent+]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A rope attached to the bow of a boat, used for tying up, as when docking or towing.
ϵͧϵڴͷһڵͷʱ
?
Middle English peintour 
йӢ peintour 
probably from Old French pentoir [strong rope] 
Դ ŷ pentoir [ʵ] 
from pendre [to hang] 
Դ pendre [] 
from Vulgar Latin *pendere 
Դ  *pendere 
from Latin pend?e * see  (s)pen- 
Դ  pend?e *μ (s)pen- 
?
painter
painter 3
AHD:[p3ntr] 
D.J.[6pe!nt*]
K.K.[6pent+]
n.Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. ʣϲ 
See  mountain lion 
μ  mountain lion
?
Alteration of panther 
 pantherı仯

= =
painting
paint.ing
AHD:[p3nt1ng] 
D.J.[6pe!nt!0]
K.K.[6pent!0]
n.ʣ
The process, art, or occupation of coating surfaces with paint for a utilitarian or an artistic effect.
滭滭ͿһĹְ̡ҵΪ˹ĻЧ
A picture or design in paint.
ửĻ

= =
pair
pair
AHD:[par] 
D.J.[pe*]
K.K.[pWr]
n.ʣ
 pair  pairs  д pr.
Two corresponding persons or items, similar in form or function and matched or associated:
һԣӦ˻ʽƲϵ
a pair of shoes.
һ˫Ь
One object composed of two joined, similar parts that are dependent upon each other:
һ໥Ʋɵ
a pair of pliers.
һǯ
Two persons who are joined in marriage or engagement.
ޣڻԼһ
Two persons who have something in common and are considered together:
һ飺йͬȤΪһˣ
a pair of hunters.
һ
Two mated animals.
һԶżֻ
Two animals joined together in work.See Synonyms at couple 
һĶһֻμ couple
Games Two playing cards of the same denomination.
Ϸ ͬһԣͬһ
Two members of a deliberative body with opposing opinions on a given issue who agree to abstain from voting on the issue, thereby offsetting each other.
Ա෴Ա˫ͬԴȨ˻
Chemistry An electron pair.
ѧ żӶ
v.ʣ
paired,pair.ing,pairs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange in sets of two; couple.
ԣųһԣɶԳ
To join in a pair; mate.
ʹԣϳһԣʹ
To provide a partner for.
Ϊṩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form pairs or a pair.
ɶԣ˫ʹγɼԻһ
To join in marriage; mate.
䣺ʹżʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French paire 
Դ ŷ paire 
from Latin paria [equals] [pl. of] p3r [a pair] 
Դ  paria [ȵ]  [] p3rĸ [һ] 
from p3r [equal] * see  per- 2
Դ p3r [ȵ] *μ per- 2
?
Pair  as a noun can be followed by a singular or plural verb. The singular is always used whenpair  denotes the set taken as a single entity: This pair of shoes is on sale.  A plural verb 
is used when the members are considered as individuals:The pair are working more harmoniously now.  After a number other than onepair  itself can be either singular or plural, but the 
plural is now more common:She bought six pairs  (or pair ) of stockings.  
Ϊһpair ɽӵʻʡ pair ζŰһ׵ɵʱͨõʽ ˫Ьڴ  Ѹɲֵɵĸʱ öʵĸʽ
ԴںøӺг  һЩһpair ȿǵҲǸ øΪձ飺˫  pair )   

= =
palace
pal.ace
AHD:[p2l1s] 
D.J.[6p#l!s]
K.K.[6p#l!s]
n.ʣ
The official residence of a royal personage.
ҵҪסʽĹۡ
Chiefly British The official residence of a high dignitary, such as a bishop or an archbishop.
Ӣ լۡ߹Թʽ̻ۡ
A large or splendid residence.
סլһĸûʵĹۡ
A large, often gaudily ornate building used for entertainment or exhibitions.
ôãһģͨװλĽֻչ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French palais 
Դ ŷ palais 
from Pal3m [Palatine Hill, Rome (from its being the site where emperors built their homes), imperial residence] 
Դ ķ [̹ϣԴΪǽǵļҺ󣩻ʵ۵ľס] 

= =
pale
pale 1
AHD:[p3l] 
D.J.[pe!l]
K.K.[pel]
n.ʣ
A stake or pointed stick; a picket.
׮׮Ĺӣ׮
A fence enclosing an area.
դˣΧסһ˻
The area enclosed by a fence or boundary.
ʻֽΧסĵ
Heraldry A wide vertical band in the center of an escutcheon.
ѧ ֱһµĶܵĲֵһϹĴֱǶ
Pale The medieval dominions of the English in Ireland. Used withthe.  
 Pale ֵڰӢ͵the һ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
paled,pal.ing,pales 
To enclose with pales; fence in.
դΧΧס
?
beyond the pale
Irrevocably unacceptable or unreasonable:
ԽģΪݵģص޷ܻ򲻺
behavior that was quite beyond the pale.
ǳ̵Ϊ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pal 
Դ ŷ pal 
from Latin p3s * see  pag- 
Դ  p3s *μ pag- 
?
pale
pale 2
AHD:[p3l] 
D.J.[pe!l]
K.K.[pel]
adj.ݴʣ
pal.er,pal.est 
Whitish in complexion; pallid.
԰׵ģɫ԰׵ģҰ׵
Color 
ɫʡ 
Of a low intensity of color; light.
ǳɫģɫǿȵ͵ģ
Having high lightness and low saturation.
ܵģŨ
Of a low intensity of light; dim or faint:
ģʵģǿȹģ谵Ļ΢ģ
a late afternoon sun coming through the el tracks and falling in pale oblongs on the cracked, empty sidewalks(Jimmy Breslin)
͸߼·ĿտյеͶ»谵ĸӡ(ס˹)
Feeble; weak:
ģģ
a pale rendition of the aria.

v.ʣ
paled,pal.ing,pales 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to turn pale.
ʹʹɫ䵭
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become pale; blanch:
䵭ף
paled with fright.
ŵɫ
To decrease in relative importance.
ҪԽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pallidus 
Դ  pallidus 
from pall?e [to be pale] * see  pel- 1
Դ pall?e [] *μ pel- 1
?
palely
adv.ʣ
paleness
n.ʣ

= =
palm
palm 1
AHD:[p?m] 
D.J.[p$8m]
K.K.[p$m]
n.ʣ
The inner surface of the hand that extends from the wrist to the base of the fingers.
ƣ˵ָ֮԰
The similar part of the forefoot of a quadruped.
ǰƣ͵Ȳ鶯ǰ˵ƵĲ
A unit of length equal to either the width or the length of the hand.
һƳһƿƵĳȵһֳȵλ
The part of a glove or mitten that covers the palm of the hand.
׵ģƷݣƵ׵һ
Nautical A metal shield worn by sailmakers over the palm of the hand and used to force a needle through heavy canvas.
 Ʒģƣһ촬ƣʹ봩ķ
Nautical The blade of an oar or paddle.
 棺ֵҶƬ
The flattened part of the antlers of certain animals, such as the moose.
ƣĳֶĽƽĲ֣¹
v.tr.ﶯʣ
palmed,palm.ing,palms 
To conceal (something) in the palm of the hand, as in cheating at dice or cards or in a sleight-of-hand trick.
УһЩڶĲӻƻϷеϷƭΪ
To pick up furtively.
͵͵ʰ
Basketball To commit a violation by letting (the ball) rest momentarily in the palm of the hand while dribbling.
 ߲ʱ棬Ƭͣ
?
palm off
To dispose of or pass off by deception.
ƭֶתû
?
Middle English paume 
йӢ paume 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin palma [palm tree, palm of the hand] * see  pel- 2
Դ  palma [] *μ pel- 2
?
palmful
n.ʣ
?
palm
palm 2
AHD:[p?m] 
D.J.[p$8m]
K.K.[p$m]
n.ʣ
Any of various chiefly tropical evergreen trees, shrubs, or woody vines of the family Palmae (or Arecaceae), characteristically having unbranched trunks with a crown of large pinnate or 
palmate leaves having conspicuous parallel venation.
鵿ֲ鵿ƣƿƣĸҪȴľľٱֲصΪ޷֧ɣ䶥˼״״ҶԵƽҶ
A leaf of a palm tree, carried as an emblem of victory, success, or joy.
ЯΪʤɹ˵ģ֦
Triumph; victory.
ʤ
A small metallic representation of a palm leaf added to a military decoration that has been awarded more than one time.
Ҷ£ҶСѫ£ѫµĸװΣѲֹһεѫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
and from Old French palme 
Դ ŷ palme 
both from Latin palma [palm of the hand, palm tree (from the shape of the tree's leaves)] * see  pel- 2
Դ  palma [ƣԴҶ״] *μ pel- 2

= =
pamphlet
pam.phlet
AHD:[p2mfl1t] 
D.J.[6p#mfl!t]
K.K.[6p#mfl!t]
n.Abbr. pam.,pph.ʣд pam.,pph.
An unbound printed work, usually with a paper cover.
СӣװĳֽƤ
A short essay or treatise, usually on a current topic, published without a binding.
ҳѡСĻרģһеĿʱδװ
?
Middle English pamflet 
йӢ pamflet 
from Medieval Latin pamfletus 
Դ  pamfletus 
from Pamphiletus [diminutive of] Pamphilus [a short amatory Latin poem of the 12th century] 
Դ Pamphiletus  [] PamphilusС׺ [Ԫ12͵һ̵ֶʫ] 
from Greek pamphilos [beloved by all] 
Դ ϣ pamphilos [ϲ] 
pan- [pan-] 
pan- [ǰ׺ȫ] 
philos [beloved] 
philos [Ȱ] 
?
pamphletary
AHD:[p2mfl1-tr?] ݴʣ

= =
pan
pan 1
AHD:[p2n] 
D.J.[p#n]
K.K.[p#n]
n.ʣ
A shallow, wide, open container, usually of metal and without a lid, used for holding liquids, cooking, and other domestic purposes.
ƽ׹һǳҳڵýƳɲûиӣʢҺ塢
A vessel similar in form to a pan, especially:
״״ӵָ
An open, metal dish used to separate gold or other metal from gravel or waste by washing.
Խ̣һֳڽ̣ͨϴӻʯֿ
Either of the receptacles on a balance or pair of scales.
̣ƽ˵ĳ̻ʢĳ
A vessel used for boiling and evaporating liquids.
лҺ
A basin or depression in the earth, often containing mud or water.
״ݵأػݵأˮ
A natural or artificial basin used to obtain salt by evaporating brine.
γأȻĻ˹أˮȡ
Hardpan.
Ӳ
A freely floating piece of ice that has broken off a larger floe.
С鸡Ӵ鸡϶ƯС
The small cavity in the lock of a flintlock used to hold powder.
ҩأװըҩݷǹϵС
Slang The face.See Synonyms at face 
ٵ μ face
Informal Severe criticism, especially a negative review:
ʽ ָ񶨵ۣ
gave the film a pan.
ҵⲿӰ
v.ʣ
panned,pan.ning,pans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wash (gravel, for example) in a pan for gold or other precious metal.
ԽгϴɰԱõӻĽ
To cook (food) in a pan:
ǳʳ
panned the fish right after catching it.
Ͻ
Informal To criticize or review harshly.
ʽ ̵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To wash gravel, sand, or other sediment in a pan.
ԽԽгϴɰɳӻ
To yield gold as a result of washing in a pan.
ϴջ
?
pan out
To turn out well; be successful:
ãɹ
If I don't pan out as an actor I can still go back to school(Saul Bellow)
ҲʤһҽܹصѧУ()
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English panne 
Դ Ӣ panne 
from West Germanic *panna 
Դ ն *panna 
probably from Vulgar Latin *patna 
Դ  *patna 
from Latin patina [shallow pan, platter] 
Դ  patina [ǳǳ] 
from Greek patan?} * see  pet- 
Դ ϣ patan?} *μ pet- 
?
But Dr. Brett cautioned that what sounds exciting from the Moon does not always pan out in the laboratory(London Daily Telegraph,  December 14, 1972). If Dr. Brett had been 
talking about hunting for gold on the moon,there would be a solid connection between his use of the expressionpan out  and its original use in gold mining. Pan out, like the verb pan  
itself, comes from the noun pan  in the sense a shallow circular metal vessel used in washing gold from gravel.The expressionpan out  was used in a variety of senses, including 
to wash gold-bearing earth in a pan; to obtain gold by washing ore in a miner's pan;and with reference to a mine or mineral-bearing soil, to produce gold or minerals.From 
such literal usagespan out  was transferred to other situations. In Frederick Whymper'sTravel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska,  published in 1868, we are told that It panned 
out well means that it gave good returns.All these uses occurred first in American English,making the expression a true Americanism.
ǲزʿ˵˼Ϣܻʵһóɹ(׶ÿյѶ 19721214գ زʿ̸۵ǹѰҽӣ
ôpanout ÷ڽ󿪲ɷԭʼ÷ͻһ̶ֹϵ Pan out 󶯴 pan һԴ pan  ˼ǡһǳԲĽ
ӿɰϴӡpan out ıڸ˼У Խϴڿ󹤵Խϴɰõӡ󾮻򺬿йأӻ
ѧ÷Уpan out  ڸ׵ˡķ1868ڰ˹ У ǵ֪It panned at well˼ǡõõĻر
Щ÷ȳӢУһ
?
pan
pan 2
AHD:[p?n] 
D.J.[p$8n]
K.K.[p$n]
n.ʣ
A leaf of the betel vine.
ƵҶƬ
A chewing preparation of this leaf with betel nuts, spices, and lime, used in the Far East.
׽ӡϺҶ׽ãԶ
?
Hindi p3n 
ӡ p3n 
from Sanskrit par?m [feather, betel leaf] * see  per- 2
Դ  par?m [ëҶ] *μ per- 2
?
pan
pan 3
AHD:[p2n] 
D.J.[p#n]
K.K.[p#n]
v.ʣ
panned,pan.ning,pans 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move a movie or television camera to follow an object or create a panoramic effect.
ҡ㣺ƶӰӰԱʹﱣڻлȫЧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move (a camera) so as to follow a moving object or create a panoramic effect.
ʹҡ㣺ʹӰƶԱѱﱣڻлȫЧ
?
Short for panorama 
 panoramaļд
or panoramic 
 panoramic
?
Pan
Pan
AHD:[p2n] 
D.J.[p#n]
K.K.[p#n]
n.Greek Mythology ʣϣ񻰡 
The god of woods, fields, and flocks, having a human torso and head with a goat's legs, horns, and ears.
ƹ֡غȺ˵ɺͷɽȡǺͶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin P3n 
Դ  P3n 
from Greek Pan 
Դ ϣ Pan 

= =
panda
pan.da
AHD:[p2nd] 
D.J.[6p#nd*]
K.K.[6p#nd*]
n.ʣ
A rare, bearlike mammal(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)  of the mountains of China and Tibet (Xizang), having woolly fur with distinctive black and white markings. Also called  giant panda 
,panda bear 
èܣèййɽһϡУܵĲ鶯è ëƤϵĻƺڰ׷ Ҳ  giant panda,panda bear
A small, raccoonlike mammal(Ailurus fulgens)  of northeast Asia, having reddish fur, white face markings, and a long ringed tail. Also called  lesser panda ,red panda 
Сè޶һֳܵСͲ鶯Сè гɫëװߣгĻ״β Ҳ  lesser panda,red panda
?
French 
 
perhaps of Nepalese origin 
ΪᲴԴ 

= =
pane
pane
AHD:[p3n] 
D.J.[pe!n]
K.K.[pen]
n.ʣ
One of the glass-filled divisions of a window or door.
ϵĲ
The glass used in such a division.
ŴһĲ
A panel, as of a door or wall.
Ƕ壺Ƕ壬ϵĻǽϵ
One of the flat surfaces or facets of an object, such as a bolt, having many sides.
һߵıƽеһһݶ
?
Middle English [section, pane of glass] 
йӢ [飬] 
from Old French pan [piece of cloth, panel] 
Դ ŷ pan [飬Ƕ] 
from Latin pannus [cloth] * see  pan- 
Դ  pannus [] *μ pan- 

= =
panel
pan.el
AHD:[p2nl] 
D.J.[6p#n*l]
K.K.[6p#n*l]
n.ʣ
A flat, usually rectangular piece forming a raised, recessed, or framed part of the surface in which it is set.
壬һͨΪεƽ䱻̶ıͻ𡢰ݻܲ
The space or section in a fence or railing between two posts.
դӵĺľĿռ򲿷
A vertical section of fabric; a gore.
֯ƷĴֱ֣β
A thin wooden board, used as a surface for an oil painting.
壺һֱľ壬ͻƽ
A painting on such a board.
廭ְϵͻ
A board having switches or buttons to control an electric device.
̣ص壺пƵ綯װõĿػťİ
An instrument panel.

A section of a telephone switchboard.
绰ܻ壺绰һ
Law 
ɡ 
The complete list of persons summoned for jury duty.
Աټְ˵
Those persons selected from this list to compose a jury.
ԱԱѡŵЩ
A jury.

A group of people gathered to plan or discuss an issue, judge a contest, or act as a team on a radio or television quiz program.
רС飺һ߻һ⡢һߵ̨̨СĿг䵱һӵһȺ
A discussion by such a group.
רС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pan.eled  pan.elled pan.el.ing  pan.el.ling pan.els  pan.els  
To cover or furnish with panels.
԰壺ðǻװϰ
To decorate with panels.
ðװ
To separate into panels.
ֳɰ
Law To select or impanel (a jury).
ɡ ѡɣţ
?
Middle English [piece of cloth] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
probably from Vulgar Latin *pannellus 
Դ  *pannellus 
diminutive of Latin pannus [cloth] * see  pan- 
  pannusС׺ [] *μ pan- 

= =
panic
pan.ic
AHD:[p2n1k] 
D.J.[6p#n!k]
K.K.[6p#n!k]
n.ʣ
A sudden, overpowering terror, often affecting many people at once.See Synonyms at fear 
ֻ֣ţһͻȻԿܵĿ־壬ͬʱӰ˲μ fear
A sudden widespread alarm concerning finances, often resulting in a rush to sell property:
ÿֻţйؽڷͻȻĹ㷺ĿֻţƲ
a stock-market panic.
пֻ
Slang One that is uproariously funny.
ٵ ǳ˻
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or resulting from sudden, overwhelming terror:
ʧģֻŵģͻȻĹ㷺ľŵģйصĻģ
panic flight.
ʧ
Of or resulting from a financial panic:
ֻŵģڴֻŵģģ
panic selling of securities.
ڴֻŵµծȯ
Often Panic Mythology Of or relating to Pan.
  Panic 񻰡 ģģйص
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
pan.icked,pan.ick.ing,pan.ics 
To affect or be affected with panic.See Synonyms at frighten 
ʹֻţֻܿӰμ frighten
?
From French panique [terrified] 
Դ  panique [ֻŵ] 
from Greek Panikos [of Pan (a source of terror, as in flocks or herds), groundless (used of fear)] 
Դ ϣ Panikos [ģ־֮ԴȺȺУûɵģں£] 
from Pan [Pan] * see  Pan 
Դ Pan [] *μ Pan
?
panicky
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pant
pant 1
AHD:[p2nt] 
D.J.[p#nt]
K.K.[p#nt]
v.ʣ
pant.ed,pant.ing,pants 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To breathe rapidly in short gasps, as after exertion.
ٵغ֮
To beat loudly or heavily; throb or pulsate.
ػص
To give off loud puffs, especially while moving.
۵һָ˶
To long demonstratively; yearn:

was panting for a chance to play.
ȥĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter hurriedly or breathlessly:
˵æػ˵
I panted my congratulations to the winner of the race.
ܵӮҵ
n.ʣ
A short, labored breath; a gasp.
Ϣ̴ٶĺڴ
A throb; a pulsation.

A short, loud puff, as of steam from an engine.
̴ٶ緢
?
Middle English panten 
йӢ panten 
perhaps alteration of Old French pantaisier 
Ϊ ŷ pantaisierı仯 
from Vulgar Latin *pantasi3e 
Դ  *pantasi3e 
from Greek phantasioun [to form images] 
Դ ϣ phantasioun [] 
from phantasia [appearance] * see  fantasy 
Դ phantasia [ò] *μ fantasy
?
pantingly
adv.ʣ
?
pant
pant 2
AHD:[p2nt] 
D.J.[p#nt]
K.K.[p#nt]
n.ʣ
Trousers. Often used in the plural.
ӡøʽ
Underpants. Often used in the plural.
ڿ㡣øʽ
?
with (one's) pants downٵ
In an embarrassing position.
ε
?
Short for pantaloon 
 pantaloonļд 
?
It would seem unlikely that the name of a 4th-century Roman Catholic saint should be the ultimate source of a word for a modern article of clothing commonly worn by both men and 
women.Pants, however, can be traced back to Pantaleon, the patron saint of Venice. He became so closely associated with the inhabitants of that citythat the Venetians became 
popularly known asPantaloni.  Consequently, among the commedia dell'arte's stock characters the representative Venetian (a stereotypically wealthy but miserly merchant) was 
calledPantalone.  His name in French,Pantalon,  was borrowed into English (first recorded around 1590). During the middle of the 17th centurythe French came to identify him with one 
particular style of trousers,and this same style became known aspantaloons  in English. Pantaloons was later applied to another style of trousers that came into fashion toward the end 
of the 18th century, tight-fitting garments that had begun to replace knee breeches.After thatpantaloons  was used to refer to trousers in general. The last step in the development of the 
wordpants  met with some resistance. This abbreviation ofpantaloon  was considered vulgar and, as Oliver Wendell Holmes put it,a word not made for gentlemen, but gents.
First found in the writings of Edgar Allan Poe in 1840,pants has replaced the gentleman's word in English and has lost all obvious connection to Saint Pantaleon.
һλԪ4͵ͽƺΪ˺ŮƽĲִƷĸԴPants ׷ݵ˹ıӻ 
ľϵܣ˹Ҳͨ׵ıΪPantaloni  ڼϲĽɫǸдԵ˹ˣһ޸ĵˣPantalone  
ķPanlalon õӢУμ¼Լ1590꣩ 17ڣ˿ʼһ͵Ŀӵͬͬһ͵ĿӢpantaloons  
Pantaloons һ͵ĿӲ18ĩսУ ·Ѿʼȡϥ㡣Ժpantaloons ָӡ pants һʷչһЩ
 Pantaloon дΪǴ׵ģ µ¶ķ˹˵ΪʿĴʣΪһ졯1840귢ڰ¼ӡסµ
ƷУpants ӢѾǸʿԡ Ȼʧȥ˺ʥһϵ

= =
paper
pa.per
AHD:[p3pr] 
D.J.[6pe!p*]
K.K.[6pep+]
n.ʣ
A material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood, rags, and certain grasses, processed into flexible sheets or rolls by deposit from an aqueous suspension, and used 
chiefly for writing, printing, drawing, wrapping, and covering walls.
ֲֽͨάʱҲÿάϳάˮҺϸճƳɵĲϣҪдӡˢ滭װ򸲸ǽ
A single sheet of this material.
ֽţʵĵ
One or more sheets of paper bearing writing or printing, especially:
ļһŻѾдӡˢֽţָ
A formal written composition intended to be published, presented, or read aloud; a scholarly essay or treatise.
ѧģһƪдõʽΪ˳桢ݻѧ»
A piece of written work for school; a report or theme.
棬ģΪѧУдĹΣ
Often papers An official document, especially one establishing the identity of the bearer.
  papers ģһֹٷļָݾһԵ
papers A collection of letters, diaries, and other writings, especially by one person:
 papers ļšռǺƷռָһ˵ģ
the Madison papers.
ѷż
Commercial documents that represent value and can be transferred from owner to owner; negotiable instruments considered as a group:
Ʊݣм֤ȯֵתõҵļһĿͨߣ
billions more invested in American stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, and other paper(Christian Science Monitor)
Ʊծҵ֤ȯʮͶʡ(̿ѧԱ)
A newspaper.
ֽ
Wallpaper.
ֽ
A wrapper made of paper, often with its contents:
װֽװֽĶ
a paper of pins.
һֽ
Slang 
ٵ 
A free pass to a theater.
Ժ볡ȯ
The audience admitted with free passes.
볡Ĺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pa.pered,pa.per.ing,pa.pers 
To cover, wrap, or line with paper.
װֽǡװ
To cover with wallpaper.
ֽǽֽѺ
To supply with paper.
ṩֽ
Slang To issue free passes for (a theater, for example).
ٵ ṩ볡ȯԺ
To construct (something) in haste and with little forethought:
ִɣæزδȿǵشĳ
papered together a new coalition of political convenience.
Ϊαæγɵ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of paper.
ֽ
Resembling paper, as in thinness or flimsiness.
ֽģֽƵģͱ
Of or relating to clerical work:
йģ漰鹤йصģ
paper duties.
鹤
Existing only in printed or written form:
ϵģӡˢдʽֵģ
paper profits; a paper corporation.
ϵƤ˾
Planned but not realized; theoretical.
ϵģƻжʵģϵ
?
paper over
To put or keep out of sight; conceal:
أʹΣ
paper over a deficit with accounting gimmicks.
ˣο
To downplay or gloss over (differences, for example), especially in order to maintain a nominal, apparent, or temporary unity.
ΣλƽϢ粻ͬ㣩ΪάϵġĻʱŽ
?
on paper
In writing or print.
ϣдӡˢʽ
In theory, as opposed to actual performance or fact:
ϣϣͬʵıֻʵ
It is a good team on paper, but its members play poorly together.
һ֧ĶӣǶԱϲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French papier 
Դ ŷ papier 
from Latin papts [papyrus plant, papyrus paper] 
Դ  papts [ֽɯֲֽɯֽ] 
from Greek papuros 
Դ ϣ papuros 
?
paperer
n.ʣ

= =
parade
pa.rade
AHD:[p-r3d] 
D.J.[p*6re!d]
K.K.[p*6red]
n.ʣ
An organized public procession on a festive or ceremonial occasion.
Уж飺ջ֯Ĺ
The participants in such a procession.
ߣֶеĲ
A regular place of assembly for reviews of troops.Also called  parade ground 
ıľʱĵطҲ  parade ground
A ceremonial review of troops.
ıУģľӵʽ
The troops taking part in such a review.
ĲӣμӼĵľ
A line or extended group of moving persons or things:
неˣƶ˻γɵһлһȺ
a parade of strollers on the mall.
ڹĵһȺι
An extended, usually showy succession:
棺Χġͨҫʽ
a parade of fads and styles.
ʱֺͷе
An ostentatious show; an exhibition:
ҫҫʾչʾ
make a parade of one's talents.See Synonyms at display 
ҫĳ˵Ĳܲμ display
A public square or promenade.
㳡㳡ɢĳ
v.ʣ
pa.rad.ed,pa.rad.ing,pa.rades 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take part in a parade; march in a public procession:
μУμУڹжн
The circus performers and animals paraded down Main Street.
ϷŵԱǺЩ
To assemble for a ceremonial military review.
ıģΪıʽ
To stroll in public, especially so as to be seen; promenade.
ɢָΪñ˿ڹߣɢ
To behave so as to attract attention; show off.
ҫչʾΪ˵עҫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to take part in a parade:
ʹμУ
paraded the floats past city hall.
ʹʳд
To assemble (troops) for a ceremonial review.
ıУģΪıʽϣӣ
To march or walk through or around:
߹УнΧơߣ
parade the campus.
У԰ɢ
To exhibit ostentatiously; flaunt:
ʾҫҫչʾʾ
paraded their wealth.See Synonyms at show 
ҫǵĲƸμ show
?
Probably French 
Ϊ  
from Old French [exhibition] 
Դ ŷ [չʾ] 
from parer [to embellish] 
Դ parer [ԡȾɫ] 
from Latin par3e [to prepare] * see  per- 1
Դ  par3e [׼] *μ per- 1
?
parader
n.ʣ

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paradise
par.a.dise
AHD:[p2r-dos, -doz] 
D.J.[6p#r*7da!s, -7da!z]
K.K.[6p#r*7da!s, -7da!z]
n.ʣ
Often Paradise The Garden of Eden.
  Paradise ԰
Theology 
ѧ 
The abode of righteous souls after death; heaven.
갲Ϣ԰ֱסĵط
An intermediate resting place for righteous souls awaiting the Resurrection.
ãֱȴмϢ
A place of ideal beauty or loveliness.
԰ڣɰĵط
A state of delight.
֣¸һõ״̬
?
Middle English paradis 
йӢ paradis 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin parados 
Դ  parados 
from Greek paradeisos [garden, enclosed park, paradise] 
Դ ϣ paradeisos [԰Χס԰ӣ԰] 
from Avestan pairi-da?- [enclosure, park] 
Դ ά˹ pairi-da?- [Χأ԰] 
pairi- [around] * see  per 1
pairi- [ε] *μ per 1
da?- [wall] * see  dheigh- 
da?- [ǽ] *μ dheigh- 
?
paradisiacal
AHD:[-d1-so-kl, -zo-]   para.di.siac [-2k]   para.di.sai.cal [-d1-s31-kl, -z3-]   para.di.saic [-1k]   para.disal [-dosl, -zl] ݴʣ
paradisiacally  
paradisaically  
paradisally
adv.ʣ
?
Perhaps the supreme example of the semantic process known as melioration is the wordparadise.  In tracing this word from its origins to its present status,we see an elevation, or 
melioration, of meaning that raises the word to new heights.The history begins with the Avestan (the eastern dialect of Old Iranian) wordpairi-da?,  enclosure, made up ofpairi,  
around, and da?,  wall. The Greek military leader and historian Xenophon, who served with Greek mercenaries in Persia,first used the Greek wordparadeisos  adopted from the 
Avestan wordto refer to the Persian kings' and nobles' parks or pleasure grounds.This Greek word extended to mean garden or orchard was an obvious choice for  translators 
of the Bible into Greekto use both for the Garden of Eden and the Abode of the Blessed, or heaven.The Greek word was adopted into Late Latin and was used much as we might expect 
in its biblical senses in ecclesiastical Latin (Late Latinparados ). The Old English wordparadis  taken from Latin is found, but our word probably really established itself in Middle 
English (first recorded before 1200),derived both from Latin and from Old French, which had adopted the word from Latin.
paradise. ҲΪ͵ӣ ԴڵĵλǿԿĽĽʴһµĸ߶ȡʷ̴ΪأȦء
İά˹ԣpairi-daeza-, ʼ Ϊεġpairi, Ϊǽ daeza-, ɡ ϣӶ˹۵ϣ½ʷѧɫŵң
ʹϣparadeisos,  ôʲ˰ά˹Ӵʣָ˹͹ǵĻ԰ֳϣʾ԰򡰹԰Ȼڰѡʥϣʱ
ѡ԰ãֺϣʱڵҵڽ̻ģparadisus )Ϊʥʱ
ʹã Ӣparadis һģ õʿйӢ״μ¼1200ǰȷǷԴĺʹвʵĹ

?
Paradise
Paradise
NONE޴ԣ
An unincorporated community of north-central California in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada north of Sacramento. Population, 25,408.
˹бһδȡȨλԱڻɽɽš˿25,408

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paradox
par.a.dox
AHD:[p2r-d?ks] 
D.J.[6p#r*7dKks]
K.K.[6p#r*7d$ks]
n.ʣ
A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true:
Ƕǵۣìܵȷ˵
the paradox that standing is more tiring than walking.
վű·һƷǶǵ˵
One exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects:
ì˻ֳ˷ѽìص˻
You have the paradox of a Celt being the smooth Oxonian(Anthony Burgess)
ΪһԲţˣпìܵص㡱(ᡤ˹)
An assertion that is essentially self-contradictory, though based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises.
˵ۣһ־ܴӿɽܵļƵìܵ۶
A statement contrary to received opinion.
ۣ˵ͨļ෴Ĺ۵
?
Latin paradoxum 
 paradoxum 
from Greek paradoxon [from neuter sing. of] paradoxos [conflicting with expectation] 
Դ ϣ paradoxon  [] ԴparadoxosԵ [Ըͻ] 
para- [beyond] * see  para- 1
para- [] *μ para-1
doxa [opinion]  from dokein [to think] * see  dek- 
doxa [۵]  Դ dokein [˼] *μ dek- 
?
paradoxical
adj.ݴʣ
paradoxically
adv.ʣ
paradoxicalness
n.ʣ

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paragraph
par.a.graph
AHD:[p2r-gr2f] 
D.J.[6p#r*7gr#f]
K.K.[6p#r*7gr#f]
n.Abbr. par.ʣд par.
A distinct division of written or printed matter that begins on a new, usually indented line, consists of one or more sentences, and typically deals with a single thought or topic or quotes 
one speaker's continuous words.
Σ䣺дӡʱһпͷһĲ֣ͨһЩһӹҳǽĳһһ˵˽ȥĻ
A mark (?) used to indicate where a new paragraph should begin or to serve as a reference mark.
ţںţշţһڱµĶ俪ʼĵطעŵļǺ(?)
A brief article, notice, or announcement, as in a newspaper.
ģѶֽϵһƪ̵¡ʾ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.a.graphed,par.a.graph.ing,par.a.graphs 
To divide or arrange into paragraphs.
ֶλŶ
?
Middle English paragraf 
йӢ paragraf 
from Old French paragrafe 
Դ ŷ paragrafe 
from Medieval Latin paragraphus 
Դ  paragraphus 
from Greek paragraphos [line showing a break in sense or a change of speakers in a dialogue] 
Դ ϣ paragraphos [˼жϻԻ˵˱仯] 
from paragraphein [to write beside] 
Դ paragraphein [ڡд] 
para- [beside] * see  para- 1
para- [ڡԱ] *μ para-1
graphein [to write] * see  gerbh- 
graphein [д] *μ gerbh- 
?
paragraphic  
paragraphical
adj.ݴʣ

= =
parallel
par.al.lel
AHD:[p2r-ll] 
D.J.[6p#r*7lel]
K.K.[6p#r*7lWl]
adj.Abbr. par.ݴʣд par.
Being an equal distance apart everywhere:
ƽеģÿһľ붼ȵģ
dancers in two parallel rows.
ƽе赸
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Of, relating to, or designating two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.
ƽߵģڡйػָཻĹֱߵ
Of, relating to, or designating two or more planes that do not intersect.
ƽģڡйػָཻƽ
Of, relating to, or designating a line and a plane that do not intersect.
һһƽеģڡйػָཻһֱһƽ
Of, relating to, or designating curves or surfaces everywhere equidistant.
ȵģڡйػָ֮ƽ֮䴦Ⱦ
Having comparable parts, analogous aspects, or readily recognized similarities:
ƵģͬģԵȵģпɱȽϲ֡ƲֻʶƵģ
the parallel lives of two contemporaries.
ʱƵ
Having the same tendency or direction:
ͬģͬģͬͼģ
parallel motives and aims.
ͬĶĿ
Grammar Having identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses or phrases.
﷨ ԵȵģеģӦľӻоͬ滻ľ䷨ṹ
Music Moving consistently by the same intervals:
֡ ƽеģͬģ
harmony with parallel voices.
ƽɵĺг
Electronics Denoting a circuit or part of a circuit connected in parallel.
ѧ ģָһ·һƽзʽ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
Of or relating to the simultaneous transmission of all the bits of a byte over separate wires:
еģڻйͨͬ·һֽλԪͬʱ͵ģ
a parallel part; a parallel printer.
вдӡ
Of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations:
еģڻйضͬʱеģ
parallel processing.
д
adv.ʣ
In a parallel relationship or manner:
ƽеأеأòеĹϵʽ
a road and a railway that run parallel.
ƽĹ··
n.Abbr. par.ʣд par.
Mathematics One of a set of parallel geometric figures, such as lines or planes.
ѧ ƽߣƽ棺ֱ߻ƽһƽеļͼ֮һ
One that closely resembles or is analogous to another:
֮һǳƵĶ
a unique event, without parallel in history.
ʷ϶һ޶¼
A comparison indicating likeness; an analogy.
ȣȽϣһָ֮ıȽϣ
The condition of being parallel; near similarity or exact agreement in particulars; parallelism.
ƽ״̬ƣƣ״ǳƻϸȫһ£
Any of the imaginary lines representing degrees of latitude that encircle the earth parallel to the plane of the equator.
γߣγȦƽƽһƵγȸߵ͵еһ
Printing A sign indicating material referred to in a note or reference.
ӡˢ ƽзţһڱעοбָݵķ
Electronics An arrangement of components in a circuit that splits the current into two or more paths. Used chiefly in the phrasein parallel.  
ѧ һְѵֳͨ·ӵ·Ԫķڶin parallel  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.al.leled Ҳ par.al.lelled par.al.lel.ing par.al.lel.ling par.al.lels par.al.lels  
To make or place parallel to something else:
ʹƽУʹһ岢лŷã
paralleled the ditch to the highway.
ƽڹ·ڹ
To be or extend parallel to:
ƽڣ롭ƽлƽڡ
a trail that parallels the crater rim.
ƽڻɽڱԵһС
To be similar or analogous to:
롭ƻƣ
claimed that fetal development parallels the evolution of the species.
̥ķݱ
To be or provide an equal for; match.
롭ƥУΪṩƥеĶƥ
To show to be analogous; compare or liken:
⣬ȽϣƵ㣻Ƚϻ⣺
critics who have paralleled the novel's plot to an ancient myth.
С˵ŴԱȵۼ
?
Latin parall?s 
 parall?s 
from Greek parall?s 
Դ ϣ parall?s 
para [beside] * see  para- 1
para [ڡԱ] *μ para-1
all??n} [of one another]  from allos [other] * see  al- 1
all??n} []  Դ allos [] *μ al- 1
?
In its mathematical usageparallel  is an absolute term two lines either do or do not intersectand as such does not admit of qualification as to degree.Some grammarians have 
arguedthat this restriction should apply as well to nontechnical uses of the word.According to this logic,one may not sayThe two roads have been made more parallel,  except perhaps 
as a loose way of saying what is rendered more precisely by expressions such asmore nearly parallel.  Like the analogous objection that has been made to the comparison ofequal,  
the point betrays a misconception about the relation between mathematical concepts and their ordinary-language equivalents.Applied to objects in the world,parallel  can only denote a 
rough approximation to a geometric ideal. A pair of rails or parked cars cannot be truly parallel in the mathematician's sense of the termbut only more or less so,just as a road or shelf 
cannot be truly straight in the geometric sensebut nonetheless may be described as very straight or relatively straight.The grammarians' compunctions make even less sense when 
applied to metaphorical uses ofparallel,  as inThe difficulties faced by the Republicans are quite parallel to those that confronted the Democrats four years ago,  in which the intended 
meaning has nothing to do with the possibility of intersectionbut instead suggests the structural correspondence of two distinct situations.In this sense, parallelism is clearly a matter of 
degreeand the wordparallel  can be modified accordingly. See Usage Note at equal ,perfect ,unique 
ѧ÷Уparallel һԵı﷨ ҪôཻҪôͲཻû޶Ҳûг̶ȲһЩ﷨ѧҲӦڸôڷǿƼ
÷߼ǲ˵·ѱ޵øƽˣ  Ϊӽƽ ı﷽ȷرʾĶĲȷ˵ equal ı
Ʒһ ۵ʹѧͨеȼ۴֮Ĺϵ⡣õʵʱparellel ָ뼸״̬½ӽ״ һͣ
ĳܰѧҶ໥УǴƽжѣ繫·ͼӲϵıֱԿɱɺֱĻԶԵıֱ
õparallel ı÷ʱ﷨ѧҵĲ͸Ե岻ˣ 磺͵ٵǰʮƣ  仰Уôʵ
ཻĿԺ޹ϵȻֲָͬṹϵһ¡ڴϣǳ̶ȵ⣬Ӧأparallel һҲܱ޶ˡ μ 
equal,perfect,unique

= =
paralyze
par.a.lyze
AHD:[p2r-loz] 
D.J.[6p#r*7la!z]
K.K.[6p#r*7la!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.a.lyzed,par.a.lyz.ing,par.a.lyz.es 
To affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic.
ʹ̱̱
To make unable to move or act:
ʹƶ
paralyzed by fear.
ŵòܶ
To impair the progress or functioning of; make inoperative or powerless:
ֹƻ谭չ򷢻ӹܣʹЧ
strict regulations that paralyze economic activity.
谭ûϸĹƶ
?
French paralyser 
 paralyser 
from paralysie [paralysis] 
Դ paralysie [̱] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin paralysis * see  paralysis 
Դ  paralysis *μ paralysis
?
paralyzation
AHD:[-l1-z3shn] ʣ
paralyzer
n.ʣ
paralyzingly
adv.ʣ

= =
parameter
pa.ram.e.ter
AHD:[p-r2m1-tr] 
D.J.[p*6r#m!t*]
K.K.[p*6r#m!t+]
n.ʣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A constant in an equation that varies in other equations of the same general form, especially such a constant in the equation of a curve or surface that can be varied to represent a 
family of curves or surfaces.
ͬһ͵ĵʽȡֵ仯ĵʽеĳ߷̺ƽ淽ܴһ߻ƽĳ
One of a set of independent variables that express the coordinates of a point.
һ֮ӦĵĶ֮һ
One of a set of measurable factors, such as temperature and pressure, that define a system and determine its behavior and are varied in an experiment.
ҪأԪ֮һһɲȷĳһϵͳϵͳ״ʵǱ仯֮һ¶Ⱥѹ
Usage Problem A factor that restricts what is possible or what results:
÷ѡ أ޶Ժͽأ
all the parameters of shelterwhere people will live, what mode of housing they will choose, and how they will pay for it(New York)
ס޵ءסǽѡʲôסʽԼθǮ(ŦԼ)
A factor that determines a range of variations; a boundary:
ΧҪأΧޣ仯Χأ޶ȣ
an experimental school that keeps expanding the parameters of its curriculum.
һչγ̷ΧʵѧУ
Statistics A quantity, such as a mean, that is calculated from data and describes a population.
ͳѧ ĸһƽȴмֵ
Usage Problem A distinguishing characteristic or feature.
÷ѡ ɫص
?
New Latin parametrum [a line through the focus and parallel to the directrix of a conic] 
ִ parametrum [ͨ㲢Բ׶ߵ׼ƽеֱ] 
Greek para- [beside] * see  para- 1
ϣ para- [Ա] *μ para-1
Greek metron [measure] * see  -meter 
ϣ metron [] *μ -meter
?
parametric
AHD:[p2r-mtr1k]   para.metri.cal ݴʣ
parametrically
adv.ʣ
?
In recent yearsparameter  has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its 
new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction 
can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning 
parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city.  But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an 
aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter  as a general substitute for 
characteristic,  as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture,  an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. Some of the 
difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter  appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter,  with which it shares the sense limit, though the two words differ in their 
precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter  in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well 
established,  where the wordperimeter  would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter  was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 
Щparameter ѳΪһӿƼõͨ÷ԭΣ ͬʱҲ˴ĻĳЩ÷ɱǸôʿƼչ磬ĳһԷ
й½߶Ȼܶȵܱƶ޶ȵѧбȽϡǵȻ˵ίԱṫʷϸóĵ¼ƻ  һЩ
˵˵˻ûĿƼ壬ѡҪΪͨĶעһЩȷĿѧϢ;ˣparameter Ϊ characteristic һȼ۴ʺ
ϵĺԣ ̵̫ĵ¹淶ĻҪ  80%÷СԱܵӡParameter ķǿƼеһЩѵ 
perimeter Сơĺɵģ ʵȷкǲͬġֻɽparameter  ˵Ļηõ൱ ľе
ã perimeter ܻȷеر꺬塣 61%÷СԱparameter  

= =
parcel
par.cel
AHD:[p?rsl] 
D.J.[6p$8s*l]
K.K.[6p$rs*l]
n.ʣ
Something wrapped up or packaged; a package.
СĶ
A plot of land, usually a division of a larger area.
صģһƬһ飺ͨһƬһֵһ
A quantity of merchandise offered for sale.
һһڣ۵һƷ
A group or company; a pack:
һȺһһȺһŻһࣺ
this youthful parcel of noble bachelors(Shakespeare)
һȺĹѧʿ(ɯʿ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.celed Ҳ par.celled par.cel.ing par.cel.ling par.cels par.cels  
To divide into parts and distribute:
֣䣺ָɼ֣
parceled out the land to their three children.
طָǵ
To make into a parcel; package.
һ
Nautical To wind protective strips of canvas around (rope).
 ͲǻڣϰϱԵͲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [portion] 
Դ ŷ [һ֣һ] 
from Vulgar Latin *particella 
Դ  *particella 
diminutive of Latin particula 
  particulaС׺ 
diminutive of pars  part- [part] * see  per- 2
 parsС׺  part- [] *μ per- 2

= =
pardon
par.don
AHD:[p?rdn] 
D.J.[6p$8dn]
K.K.[6p$rd2]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.doned,par.don.ing,par.dons 
To release (a person) from punishment; exempt from penalty:
⣺ʹĳˣͷ
a convicted criminal who was pardoned by the governor.
һķ
To let (an offense) pass without punishment.
ˡԭ£ʹĳܳͷ
To make courteous allowance for; excuse:
ͼݣԲòɣţ
Pardon me, I'm in a hurry.See Synonyms at forgive 
ԲҺܼμ forgive
n.ʣ
The act of pardoning.
ˡԭ£ˡԭµΪ
Law 
ɡ 
Exemption of a convicted person from the penalties of an offense or a crime by the power of the executor of the laws.
⣺ִԱķĶԹʧгͷ
An official document or warrant declaring such an exemption.
״Ĺٷļ
Allowance or forgiveness for an offense or a discourtesy:
ԭ£ˡԹʧ³çĿݻԭ£
begged the host's pardon for leaving early.
ԭǰȥ
Roman Catholic Church An indulgence.
̡ 
?
Middle English pardonen 
йӢ pardonen 
from Old French pardoner 
Դ ŷ pardoner 
from Vulgar Latin *perd?3re} [to give wholeheartedly] 
Դ  *perd?3re} [ϵظ] 
Latin per- [intensive pref.] * see  per- 
 per- [ǿǰ׺] *μ per-
Latin d?3re} [to present, forgive]  from d?m [gift] * see  d?- 
 d?3re} [ͣԭ]  Դ d?m [] *μ d?- 
?
pardonable
adj.ݴʣ
pardonableness
n.ʣ
pardonably
adv.ʣ

= =
parent
par.ent
AHD:[parnt, p2r-] 
D.J.[6pe*r*nt, 6p#r-]
K.K.[6pWr*nt, 6p#r-]
n.ʣ
One who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or a mother.
˫֮һĸӵˣ׻ĸ
An ancestor; a progenitor.
ȱ游
An organism that produces or generates offspring.
ĸ壺
A guardian; a protector.
໤ˣ
A source or cause; an origin:
ԴԴ
Despair is the parent of rebellion.
Ͷ·ǷĸԴ
v.ʣ
par.ent.ed,par.ent.ing,par.ents 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Usage Problem To act as a parent to; raise and nurture:
÷ѡ ļҳ
A genitor who does not parent the child is not its parent(Ashley Montagu)
ӵĸĸܳΪӵĸĸ(ʲ)
To cause to come into existence; originate.
ʹ𡭵Ĵڣ
v.intr.Usage Problem ﶯʣ÷ѡ 
To act as a parent.
ĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin par?s  parent- [from past active participle of] parere [to give birth] * see  per- 1
Դ  par?s  parent-  [] ԴparereĹȥִ̬ [] *μ per- 1
?
parenthood
n.ʣ
?
The Usage Panel is better disposed to accept the verbparent  than in previous surveys, though a majority continues to find it unacceptable.In 1968 it was acceptable to only 19 percent 
of the Panel;in the most recent survey45 percent accepted it in the sentenceIn looking for foster homes, we give preference first to relatives and second to families with prior experience 
in parenting.   The use of the verbparent  to mean act as a parent to is not entirely new:it occurs as early as 1884 in a metaphorical context.But its use in a literal sense with 
respect to children is a recent development and reflects a modern reconceptualization of family life.The word is not completely synonymous with the traditional expressionraise a child,  
though the precise nature of the differences may depend on the context.For some speakers,use of the word suggests a self-conscious shift from child to parent as the focus of the 
parental relationship,and it may be this implication that feeds critical reservations about the verb.But the usage also reflects a widespread practical realizationthat the activities 
required of a parent extend well beyond the direct interactionwith the child emphasized inchild raising.  Thus theparenting  classes for young parents offered by schools and state 
agencies encompass not only the activities traditionally associated with raising a childbut also topics such as personal self-sufficiency, household financial management, and methods 
of dealing with schools and health care agencies.See Usage Note at father 
÷Сڽܶparent ˣ Ȼд󲿷˾òɽܡ196819СԱͬ÷ĵУ45˽,ڣѰ
ͥʱѡӵݣйӾļͥ ľе÷ Parent Ϊĸĸ÷ ȫǸ÷1884꣬һ
ԵоͳֹˡͺⷽԣıǽڷչĽӳִͥĹʲϰ raise a child ȫͬ壬 ֮ܲͬȷе
ʿȡ˵һЩ˵ʹʰһѼҳĹϵΪصԾĴӺӵĸתҲ˹Եı
Ȼ÷Ҳӳ˹㷺ʵʶҪĸĻչֱ뺢ӵ໥ã໥ child raising ǿ ˣѧУ͹רŲ
ҳṩ parenting Σ ͳ븧йص񣬶һԸ㡢ͥͬѧУͱŴ򽻵ķȿμ father

= =
park
park
AHD:[p?rk] 
D.J.[p$8k]
K.K.[p$rk]
n.Abbr. pk.ʣд pk.
An area of land set aside for public use, as:
õأһΪõĵ磺
A piece of land with few or no buildings within or adjoining a town, maintained for recreational and ornamental purposes.
԰ڲڽһֻ֮õкٻûн
A landscaped city square.
԰㳡һĳй㳡
A large tract of rural land kept in its natural state and usually reserved for the enjoyment and recreation of visitors.
Ȼ۱أĴƬȻ״̬ͨΪ۹ṩֺǲ
A broad, fairly level valley between mountain ranges:
ȵأɽ֮ƽ̹ɽȵش
the high parks of the Rocky Mountains.
ɽĸɽƽ
A tract of land attached to a country house, especially when including extensive gardens, woods, pastures, or a game preserve.
ׯ԰ָпĻ԰֡ԭϷĸסһ
Sports A stadium or an enclosed playing field:
˶ ˶ػȦΧ˶
a baseball park.

An area where military vehicles or artillery are stored and serviced.
ӪƷӪأһͣŻά޾óڵ
The materiel kept in such an area.
Ʒֵͣطװ
An area in or near a town designed and usually zoned for a certain purpose:
רóأڳڻ丽ͨΪĳһضĿĶ
a commercial park.
ҵ
See  parking lot 
μ  parking lot 
v.ʣ
parked,park.ing,parks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or leave (a vehicle) for a time in a certain location.
ͣͣţʱŻͣĳһط
Aerospace To place (a spacecraft or satellite) in a usually temporary orbit.
̫ѧ 䣨ʱѣɴͣͨʱĹ
Informal To place or leave temporarily:
ʽ ʱûͣ
parked the baby with neighbors; parking cash in a local bank account.
Ѻݽھӣطдֽ
To assemble (artillery or other equipment) in a military park.
ŷúãѣڻװзó
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To park a motor vehicle:
ͣͣŻ
pulled over and parked next to the curb.
ѳͣ·
Slang To engage in kissing and caressing in a vehicle stopped in a secluded spot.
ٵ ͣȣѳͣƧڳǸ
?
Middle English [game preserve, enclosed tract of land] 
йӢ [ϷأȦΧ] 
from Old French parc 
Դ ŷ parc 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դڵ¹] 
?
parker
n.ʣ
?
Park
Park
AHD:[p?rk] Mungo (1771-1806) 
D.J.[p$8k]
K.K.[p$rk]
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish explorer in Africa known for his expeditions on the Niger River (1795-1796 and 1805).
ˣâ꣺(1771-1806) ո̽ռңڷ޵ն̽գ1795-17961805꣩
?
Park
ParkRobert Ezra (1864-1944)
NONE޴ԣ
American sociologist who wrote authoritative studies of ethnic minorities in the United States, such asRace and Culture  (1950). 
ˣ޲ء˹(1864-1944) ѧңд˺ܶйȨԵо硶Ļ 1950꣩ 

= =
parliament
par.lia.ment
AHD:[p?rl-mnt] 
D.J.[6p$8l*m*nt]
K.K.[6p$rl*m*nt]
n.Abbr. parl.,Parl.ʣд parl.,Parl.
A national representative body having supreme legislative powers within the state.
ᣬ᣺һڹھȨȫԵĴ
Parliament The national legislature of various countries, especially that of the United Kingdom, made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
 Parliament ԺָӢԺԺɵĹ
?
Middle English [a meeting about national concerns] 
йӢ [йعĻ] 
from Old French parlement 
Դ ŷ parlement 
from parler [to talk] * see  parley 
Դ parler [̸̸] *μ parley

= =
part
part
AHD:[p?rt] 
D.J.[p$8t]
K.K.[p$rt]
n.Abbr. p.,pt.ʣд p.,pt.
A portion, division, piece, or segment of a whole.
֣һݡһ顢һƬһ
Any of several equal portions or fractions that can constitute a whole or into which a whole can be divided:
ȷ֣һɱָļȷֻ򼸲֮һ
a mixture of two parts flour to one part sugar.
ۺһǵĻ
A division of a literary work:
䣺ѧƷķֿ֣
a novel in three parts.
ΪֵС˵
An organ, a member, or another division of an organism.
٣л١λָʽ
parts The external genitalia.
 parts ֳ
A component that can be separated from or attached to a system; a detachable piece:
ԴһϵͳϷװȥɲ֣ɷĲ֣
spare parts for cars.

A role:
ɫ
She has the main part in the play.
ڸþе
One's responsibility, duty, or obligation; share:
ְĳ˵Ρְ񣻷ݶ
We each do our part to keep the house clean.
ǸְԱַݵ
Often parts Individual endowment or ability; talent.
  parts Ż˵ʻܣ
Often parts A region, area, land, or territory:
  parts һػ
Minding your own business is second nature in these parts(Boston)
ְЩ˵ĵڶԡ(ʿ)
The line where the hair on the head is parted.
ַ죬ַߣͷֿһ
Music 
֡ 
The music or score for a particular instrument, as in an orchestra.
ΪĳƵֻףֶе
One of the melodic divisions or voices of a contrapuntal composition.
һеһֲһ
v.ʣ
part.ed,part.ing,parts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide or break into separate parts.
ʹѣֳɻѳɼ
To break up (a relationship) by separating the elements involved:
ƣͨضϾϵ
parted company.
˾
To put or keep apart:
ʹֿʹ򱣳ַ룺
No one could part the two friends.
˭Ҳܰѷֿ
To comb (hair, for example) away from a dividing line, as on the scalp.
ҷ᣺ѣ磬ͷӷַ촦ͷƤ
Archaic To divide into shares or portions.
 ֳֳ֣ɼݶ򼸲
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become divided or separated:
ֿΪֿģ
The curtain parted in the middle.
мֿĴ
To go apart from one another; separate:
룺˴˷ֿ룺
They parted as friends. They were forced to part from one another.
ѺõطˣǱȱ˴˷
To separate or divide into ways going in different directions:
ֲֳͨͬļ·
The road parts about halfway into the forest.
·ȥɭֵ;ֲ
To go away; depart.See Synonyms at separate 
ȥ뿪μ separate
To disagree by factions:
ں壺ϵִ
The committee parted over the issue of pay raises for employees.
ίԱڹ߹ԱһϷ˷
Archaic To die.
 
adv.ʣ
Partially; in part:
ȫأֵأԲʽأ
part yellow, part green.
ư
adj.ݴʣ
Not full or complete; partial:
ֵģȫģȫĻȫģֵģ
a part owner of the business.
ҵĲ
?
part with
To give up or let go of; relinquish.
ʹ뿪Ȩ
?
for (one's) part
So far as one is concerned.
ĳ˶
for the most part
To the greater extent; generally or mostly.
룬̶ܴͨȵأձػ󲿷ֵ
in good part
Good-naturedly or with good grace; without taking offense:
ƢԺõأõػŵأأ
take a joke in good part.
ؿЦ
in part
To some extent; partly.
ֵأĳ̶ֳϣֵ
on the part of
Regarding or with respect to the one specified:
͡ԣڻĳһض˶ԣ
Brilliant strategy on the part of Confederate forces ensured their victory at Chancellorsville.
˾սȷǮɪ˹άʤ
part and parcel
A basic or essential part:
Ҫ֣Ļ򲻿ȱٵĲ֣
Working overtime is part and parcel of his job.
ʱĻ
take part
To join in; participate:
룻룺
He took part in the celebration.
μף
take (someone's) part
To side with in a disagreement; support.
ִ֧֣վڡһ֧
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pars  part- * see  per- 2
Դ  pars  part- *μ per- 2

= =
partial
par.tial
AHD:[p?rshl] 
D.J.[6p$8.*l]
K.K.[6p$r.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, being, or affecting only a part; not total; incomplete:
ֵģֵģ벿йصģֻһֵĻֻһӰģȫģģ
The plan calls for partial deployment of missiles. The police have only a partial description of the suspect.
ƻҪ󲿷ֵɢֻɷ˲ȫ
Favoring one person or side over another or others; biased or prejudiced:
ƫ̻ģĳ˻ĳһĸϲģƫĻƫģ
a decision that was partial to the plaintiff.
һƫ̻ԭľ
Having a particular liking or fondness for something or someone:
ƫģĳĳƫģ
partial to detective novels.
ƫ̽С˵
Mathematics Of, relating to, or being operations or sequences of operations, such as differentiation and integration, when applied to only one of several variables at a time.
ѧ ڣڻ΢ֵȵ̣һνڼеһ
n.ʣ
Music See  harmonic 
֡ μ  harmonic 
Mathematics A partial derivative.
ѧ ƫ΢
?
Middle English parcial 
йӢ parcial 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin parti3s 
Դ  parti3s 
from Latin pars  part- [part] * see  part 
Դ  pars  part- [] *μ part
?
partialness
n.ʣ

= =
partially
par.tial.ly
AHD:[p?rsh-l?] 
D.J.[6p$8.*li8]
K.K.[6p$r.*li]
adv.ʣ
To a degree; not totally.
ĳ̶ֳϵģȫ

= =
participant
par.tic.i.pant
AHD:[p?r-t1s-pnt] 
D.J.[p$86t!s*p*nt]
K.K.[p$r6t!s*p*nt]
n.ʣ
One that participates, shares, or takes part in something.
ߣ롢μ
adj.ݴʣ
Sharing in or taking part; participating.
μӵģ
?
participance
n.ʣ

= =
participate
par.tic.i.pate
AHD:[p?r-t1s-p3t] 
D.J.[p$86t!s*7pe!t]
K.K.[p$r6t!s*7pet]
v.ʣ
par.tic.i.pat.ed,par.tic.i.pat.ing,par.tic.i.pates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take part in something:
μĳ£
participated in the festivities.
μף
To share in something:
ĳ£
If only I could participate in your good fortune.See Synonyms at share 1
Ҫܷĺ˾ͺ˲μ share1
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To partake of.
õĳֶ
?
Latin particip3e  particip3t- 
 particip3e  particip3t- 
from particeps  particip- [partaker] 
Դ particeps  particip- [ߣ] 
pars  part- [part] * see  part 
pars  part- [] *μ part
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 
?
participative
adj.ݴʣ
participator
n.ʣ

= =
particle
par.ti.cle
AHD:[p?rt1-kl] 
D.J.[6p$8t!k*l]
K.K.[6p$rt!k*l]
n.Abbr. part.ʣд part.
A very small piece or part; a tiny portion or speck.
΢ǳСĿ򲿷֣һСݶһС
A very small or the smallest possible amount, trace, or degree:
СܴﵽķǳСС̶ȣ
not a particle of doubt.
һ˿ɶû
Physics 
ѧ 
A body whose spatial extent and internal motion and structure, if any, are irrelevant in a specific problem.
ʵ㣺ռڲ˶ͽṹڵĻĳ޹ص
An elementary particle.
ӣ΢
A subatomic particle.See table at subatomic particle 
ԭӣԭ΢μ subatomic particle
Grammar Linguistics 
﷨ ѧ 
An uninflected item that has grammatical function but does not clearly belong to one of the major parts of speech, such asup  in look up  or to  in English infinitives. 
ʣ﷨ܵȷعĳҪޱ仯ʣup  look up л to Ӣﲻʽ 
In some systems of grammatical analysis, any short function word, including articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.
СƷʣĳЩ﷨ϵͳһйܵĶ̴ʣڴʡʺ
Roman Catholic Church 
̡ 
A small piece of a consecrated host.
һСʥ
One of the smaller, individual hosts.
һСʥСĵʥ֮һ
Archaic A small division or section of something written, such as a clause of a document.
 һС֣дĶеһСֻһСΣļеһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin particula 
Դ  particula 
diminutive of pars  part- [part] * see  part 
 parsС׺  part- [] *μ part

= =
particular
par.tic.u.lar
AHD:[pr-t1ky-lr, p-t1k-] 
D.J.[p*6t!kj*l*, p*6t!k-]
K.K.[p+6t!kj*l+, p*6t!k-]
adj.Abbr. part.ݴʣд part.
Of, belonging to, or associated with a specific person, group, thing, or category; not general or universal:
ģģĳضˡ塢Ļ֮صģһձģ
She has a particular preference for Chinese art.
йرİ
Separate and distinct from others of the same group, category, or nature:
ضģģͬһ塢ֳַģ
We will make an exception in this particular case.
ǽӵ
Worthy of note; exceptional:
رģģֵעģڲͬģ
a piano performance of particular depth and fluidity.
вͬȺԵһθ
Of, relating to, or providing details:
ϸģϸڵġϸйصĻṩϸڵģ
gave a particular description of the room.
䷿ӽ꾡
Attentive to or concerned with details or niceties, often excessively so; meticulous or fussy.See Synonyms at detailed 
޵ģģֵָͨע漰ϸںϸ΢ģС΢ĻСĲμ detailed
Logic Encompassing some but not all of the members of a class or group. Used of a proposition.
߼ѧ سƵģһһȺеһЩȫġһ
n.ʣ
An individual item, fact, or detail:
һһ㣬һһʵϸڣ
correct in every particular.See Synonyms at item 
ÿһϸڶȷμ item
Often particulars An item or a detail of information or news:
  particulars 飬ϸڣ鱨Ϣһϸڣ
The police refused to divulge the particulars of the case.
ܾ͸¶
Often particulars A separate case or an individual thing or instance, especially one that can be distinguished from a larger category or class:
  particulars ӣָһɴӴ
What particulars were ambushed behind these generalizations?(Aldous Huxley)
Щһ۱ʲôء(¶˹)
Logic A particular proposition.
߼ѧ س
?
in particular
Particularly; especially.
أ
?
Middle English particuler 
йӢ particuler 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin particul3s 
Դ  particul3s 
from Latin particula 
Դ  particula 
diminutive of pars  part- [part] * see  part 
 parsС׺  part- [] *μ part

= =
particularly
par.tic.u.lar.ly
AHD:[pr-t1ky-lr-l?, p-t1k-] 
D.J.[p*6t!kj*l*li8, p*6t!k-]
K.K.[p+6t!kj*l*li, p*6t!k-]
adv.ʣ
To a great degree; especially:
̶ܴϵأرأ
I particularly like the brown shoes.
ϲɫЬ
With particular reference or emphasis; individually or specifically:
رἰǿأػأ
Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him(John Knowles)
ÿʷ϶ֻԼһ̡(Լŵ˹)
With regard to particulars; in detail.
漰ϸأϸڵ

= =
partition
par.ti.tion
AHD:[p?r-t1shn] 
D.J.[p$86t!.*n]
K.K.[p$r6t!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of dividing something into parts.
ָѣĳЩָɼֵΪ
The state of being so divided.
ָѣֿ״̬
Something that divides or separates, as a wall dividing one room or cubicle from another.
ָֿһӻСķǽ
A wall, septum, or other separating membrane in an organism.
ĤڵıڡĤ뱡Ĥ
A part or section into which something has been divided.
ָ֣ĳﱻָɵĲֻ
Division of a country into separate, autonomous nations.
ѣһҷָɶġεļ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
An expression of a positive integer as a sum of positive integers.
ʽһʾܼϵı﷽ʽ
The decomposition of a set into a family of mutually exclusive sets.
֣ࣺһϷֲɼųļ
Computer Science A location in memory assigned to a program.
ѧ һĴ洢ռ
Law Division of property, especially real estate.
ɡ ֣Ʋָָķָ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
par.ti.tioned,par.ti.tion.ing,par.ti.tions 
To divide into parts, pieces, or sections.
ָѣѡָɼ֡򼸶
To divide or separate by means of a partition:
÷ָķʽֿ룺
We partitioned off the alcove to make another bedroom.
ǰѰҷָһ
To divide (a country) into separate, autonomous nations.
ʹңѣѣһңָɶġεļ
?
Middle English particioun 
йӢ particioun 
from Old French partition 
Դ ŷ partition 
from Latin parto?}  partoti?n- 
Դ  parto?}  partoti?n- 
from partos [past participle of] partore [to divide] 
Դ partos  [] partoreĹȥִ [ֿ] 
from pars  part- [part] * see  part 
Դ pars  part- [] *μ part
?
partitioner
n.ʣ
partitionment
n.ʣ

= =
partly
part.ly
AHD:[p?rtl?] 
D.J.[6p$8tli8]
K.K.[6p$rtli]
adv.ʣ
In part or in some degree; not completely.
ֵģֵػĳ̶ֳϵأȫ

= =
partner
part.ner
AHD:[p?rtnr] 
D.J.[6p$8tn*]
K.K.[6p$rtn+]
n.ʣ
One that is united or associated with another or others in an activity or a sphere of common interest, especially:
飬ͬһһ漰ͬһ˻ϻϵˣָ
A member of a business partnership.
ҵˣҵϵеһԱ
A spouse.
ż
Either of two persons dancing together.
飺һ֮һ
Sports Games One of a pair or team in a sport or game, such as tennis or bridge.
˶ Ϸ Ƶ˶һӻһ֮һ
Often partners Nautical A wooden framework used to strengthen a ship's deck at the point where a mast or other structure passes through it.
  partners  壺ִװ塢Φ˻ṹдӹõľƿ
v.ʣ
part.nered,part.ner.ing,part.ners 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a partner of.
ʹΪ
To bring together as partners.
ʹϻΪϻ˶һ
To be the partner of.
ΪĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work or perform as a partner.
ϻΪһ
?
Middle English partener 
йӢ partener 
alteration  influenced by part [part] 
   partӰ [] 
of parcener [parcener] * see  parcener 
 parcenerı仯 [̳ͬ] *μ parcener
?
partner,colleague,ally,confederate
These nouns all denote one who is united or associated with another, as in a venture or relationship. Apartner  participates in a relationship in which each member has equal status:  
ЩʶָһðҵһϵһϻϵһPartner ָμӵһÿԱƽȵλĹϵеһԱ  
a partner in a law firm;
ʦеĺϻˣ
husbands and wives who are ideal partners. Acolleague  is an associate in an occupation, such as a profession:  
µɷӡ Colleague ְҵйأְҵ  
a colleague and fellow professor. Anally  is one who associates with another, at least temporarily in a common cause:  
һͬͬµĽڡ Ally һϵһһͬҵʱϣ  
The United States and the Soviet Union were allies in World War II.  Aconfederate  is a member of a confederacy, a league, or an alliance; sometimes the term signifies a collaborator in 
a suspicious venture: 
ڵڶսͬ˹ Confederate ָͬˡеһԱ ʱҲָһ¼еĹıߣ 
The confederates, undefeated, pushed onward.
δܵͬ˾ǰƽ
The burglar was caught, but his confederate got away. 
Էץסˣͬȴ 

= =
party
par.ty
AHD:[p?rt?] 
D.J.[6p$8ti8]
K.K.[6p$rti]
n.ʣ
 par.ties 
A social gathering especially for pleasure or amusement:
ᣬۻᣬɶԣָΪǲֵ罻ۻ᣺
a cocktail party.
βƻ
A group of people who have gathered to participate in an activity.See Synonyms at band 2
һȺˣ飺һμһһȺ˲μ band2
An established political group organized to promote and support its principles and candidates for public office.
ɣ齨֧ԭԼѡ˾ѡְ
A person or group involved in an enterprise; a participant or an accessory:
ߣͬıߣһҵڵ˻壻߻ͬı
I refuse to be a party to your silly scheme.
Ҿܾ޴ļƻ
Law A person or group involved in a legal proceeding as a litigant.
ɡ ϵˣΪϵ˶һϵ˻
A subscriber to a telephone party line.
Էõ绰·û
A person using a telephone.
绰
A person:
ˣ
And though Grainger was a spry old party, such steps couldn't be his(Anthony Hyde)
ʹ׽Ǹϵ׳֮ˣҲܲȡж(ᡤ)
A selected group of soldiers:
ţѡһʿ
a raiding party.
ͻϮ
Slang 
ٵ 
An act of sexual intercourse.
Ϊ
An orgy.

adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or participating in an established political organization:
ģɵģȷ֯ġ֮йصĻ֯ģ
party members; party politics.
Ա
Suitable for use at a social gathering:
ģ罻ۻʹõģ
party dresses; a party hat.
ñ
Characteristic of a pleasurable social gathering:
ֵģۻģ
a party atmosphere.
ֵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
par.tied,par.ty.ing,par.ties ʽ 
To celebrate or carouse at or as if at a party:
ʹף᣺ڻƺϾףʹ
That night we partied until dawn.
ʹ
?
Middle English partie [part, side, group] 
йӢ partie [ߣ] 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] partir [to divide] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴpartirԹȥִ [ֿ] 
from Latin partoe 
Դ  partoe 
from pars  part- [part] * see  part 
Դ pars  part- [] *μ part
?
Party  is unexceptionable when used to refer to a participant in a social arrangement, as inShe was not named as a party in the conspiracy.  It is this sense that underlies the legal use 
of the term,as when one speaks of theparties to a contract.  The legal use has in turn led to the presence of the word in many fixed expressions,such asinjured party  and third party.  
Butparty  is also widely used as a general substitute for person,  as inWould all parties who left packages at the desk please reclaim their property.  This usage has been established 
for many centuries,but in the Victorian era it came to be associated with the language of the semieducated(theOxford English Dictionary  describes it as shoppy), and it has been 
the subject of many later criticisms.This use ofparty  may have been reinforced by its modern adoption by telephone operators. In other contexts,when used in earnest,it may be 
perceived as a superfluous variant forperson.  But the jocular use of the term is well established,particular in references such asa wise old party.  
Party ָһĲǺܳģ һıĲߡ  һ幹һʵķ÷˵ parties to a contract  ַ÷ʹ
һʳ̶ĶУinjured party  third party  party Ҳ㷺ڶ person ķƣ нϵǵĶ  ÷ȷ
ͣάʱʼֽܹ˵ϵţӢʵ Ϊ仰뱾еġ ѳΪмĶ
Party һ÷ڻԱľöǿˡ УĳʱԱperson Ҫı塣 һڶг÷ȷѾãἰ
һ ʱ 

= =
passage
passage 1
AHD:[p2s1j] 
D.J.[6p#s!d9]
K.K.[6p#s!d9]
n.Abbr. pass.ʣд pass.
The act or process of passing, especially:
ͨͨΪָ̣
A movement from one place to another, as by going by, through, over, or across; transit or migration.
ͨһһƶ羭ԽᴩתƻǨ
The process of elapsing:
ţƣŵḶ́
the passage of time.
ʱ
The process of passing from one condition or stage to another; transition:
ת䣺һ״̬׶αΪһ״̬׶εḶ́ת
the passage from childhood to adulthood.
ͯ굽Ĺ
Enactment into law of a legislative measure.
鰸ͨ鰸ƶΪ
A journey, especially one by air or water:
ọ́г̣Уָ˷ɻ˴У
a rough passage on the stormy sea.
ھκ˵ĺϽеһյĺ
The right to travel as a passenger, especially on a ship:
УΪÿеȨָڴϽеУ
book passage; pay for one's passage.
Ʊ
The right, permission, or power to come and go freely:
ͨȨȥɵȨɻ
Only medical supply trucks were granted safe passage through enemy territory.
ֻҩĿȫͨз
A path, channel, or duct through, over, or along which something may pass:
ͨܵʹĳЩԽ򾭹С·
the nasal passages.
ǻ
A corridor.See Synonyms at way 
Ȳμ way
An occurrence or event:
£¼
Another encouraging passage took place . . . when heads of state . . . took note of the extraneous factors affecting their economies that are beyond their control(Helen Kitchen)
һ˹¼ˣ쵼ע⵽һЩƲ˵Ӱ쾭õⲿء(ס)
Something, such as an exchange of words or blows, that occurs between two persons:
ۣ򶷣֮Դǽ򶷵¼
a passage at arms.

A segment of a written work or speech:
һΣһڣƷݽһ֣
a celebrated passage from Shakespeare.
ɯʿǵһĶ
Music A segment of a composition, especially one that demonstrates the virtuousity of the composer or performer:
֡ һڣƷһָ֣ʾһ߾տյһ֣
a passage of exquisite beauty, played to perfection.
һαݾտ
A section of a painting or other piece of artwork; a detail.
ϸڣ滭Ʒһ֣ϸ
Physiology An act of emptying, as of the bowels.
ѧ ййΪű
Biology The process of passing or maintaining a group of microorganisms or cells through a series of hosts or cultures.
ѧ ̴֣һȺ΢ϸͨһϵмĹ
Obsolete Death.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from passer [to pass] * see  pass 
Դ passer [] *μ pass
?
passage
passage 2
AHD:[p2s1j, p-s?zh] 
D.J.[6p#s!d9, p*6s$89]
K.K.[6p#s!d9, p*6s$9]
n.ʣ
A slow, cadenced trot in which the horse alternately raises and returns to the ground first one diagonal pair of feet, then the other.
ɳбᲽеһнĲӣһбԽһԽ̧ͷ
v.ʣ
pas.saged,pas.sag.ing,pas.sag.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To execute such a trot in dressage.
ѱֲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (a horse) to execute such a trot in dressage.
ʹѱĹֲ
?
French 
 
from passager [to execute a passage] 
Դ passager [ֲ] 
alteration  influenced by passer [to pass] 
   passerӰ [] 
of passger 
 passgerı仯 
from Italian passeggiare 
Դ  passeggiare 
from passare [to pass] 
Դ passare [] 
from Vulgar Latin *pass3e 
Դ  *pass3e 
from Latin passus [step] * see  pace 1
Դ  passus [] *μ pace1

= =
passenger
pas.sen.ger
AHD:[p2sn-jr] 
D.J.[6p#s*nd9*]
K.K.[6p#s*nd9+]
n.Abbr. pass.ʣд pass.
A person who travels in a conveyance, such as a car or train, without participating in its operation.
˿ͣ𳵵ȹͨߣʻ
Informal One that participates only passively in an activity.
ʽ һ
A wayfarer or traveler.
ͽ߻ÿ
?
Middle English passinger 
йӢ passinger 
alteration of passager 
 passagerı仯 
from Old French passageor 
Դ ŷ passageor 
from passager [passing] 
Դ passager [] 
from passage [passage] * see  passage 1
Դ passage [] *μ passage1

= =
passion
pas.sion
AHD:[p2shn] 
D.J.[6p#.*n]
K.K.[6p#.*n]
n.ʣ
A powerful emotion, such as love, joy, hatred, or anger.
飺ǿҵĸ飬簮ϲ޻
Ardent love.
ҵ
Strong sexual desire; lust.
ǿҵɫ
The object of such love or desire.
Ͼ˼ߣĶ
Boundless enthusiasm:
޵Ȱ
His skills as a player don't quite match his passion for the game.
ˮƽϷĿᰮ̶Ȳ̫
The object of such enthusiasm:
Ȱ֮Ķ
soccer is her passion.
ᰮ˶
An abandoned display of emotion, especially of anger:
鱬ⷢйָŭ
He's been known to fly into a passion without warning.
Զͷ
Passion 
 Passion 
The sufferings of Jesus in the period following the Last Supper and including the Crucifixion.
ѣҮ֮󣬰ʮּϵʱܵĿ
A narrative, musical setting, or pictorial representation of Jesus's sufferings.
ҮѵĹ»ͼҮѵĹ¡ΪֻԴΪĵĻ
Archaic Martyrdom.
 ѳ
Archaic Passivity.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin passi?}  passi?n- [sufferings of Jesus or a martyr] 
Դ  passi?}  passi?n- [ҮջѳܵĿ] 
from Late Latin [physical suffering, martyrdom, sinful desire] 
Դ  [ĥѣ] 
from Latin [an undergoing] 
Դ  [һξ] 
from passus [past participle of] pato [to suffer] * see  p?(i)- 
Դ passus  [] patoĹȥִ [] *μ p?(i)- 
?
passion,fervor,fire,zeal,ardor
These nouns all denote powerful, intense emotion.
Щʶʾǿҵġҵĸ顣
 Passion   is a deep, overwhelming emotion: 
 Passion  һġѹһеĸ飺 
an ardent, generous, perhaps an immoderate passion for fame (Edmund Burke). 
һֶҡ桢Ҳ޽Ƶ ɡˣ 
There is not a passion so strongly rooted in the human heart as envy (Richard Brinsley Sheridan).The term may signify sexual desirebut can also refer to anger: 
ûʲôȼиٹˡ ¡˹֡лǣʿָҲָŭ 
He flew into a violent passion and abused me mercilessly (H.G. Wells).
Ȼŭҡ (HGΤ˹
 Fervor  is great warmth and intensity of feeling: 
 Fervor  ָļҺǿң 
The union of the mathematician with the poet, fervor with measure, passion with correctness, this surely is the ideal (William James).
汸ѧҺʫ˵ʣҶ޶ȣнƣȷġ ղķ˹
 Fire  is burning passion: 
 Fire  һȼյ飺 
In our youth our hearts were touched with fire (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
ʱг顱 µ¶ķ˹JR)
 Zeal  is strong, enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance: 
 Zeal  ָҵĿǿҡȵȰΪٽ֪ƣڷܾ 
his fervent zeal for the interests of the state (Macaulay). 
Թǿȳ  
We are sometimes stirred by emotion and take it for zeal (Thomas  Kempis).
ʱǽȴΪȳ ˹aƤ˹
 Ardor  is fiery intensity of feeling: 
 Ardor  Ǹüҡ 
the furious ardor of my zeal repressed (Charles Churchill).See also Synonyms at  feeling 
Ҽȵ鱻סˡ ˹񼪶μͬ feeling

= =
passive
pas.sive
AHD:[p2s1v] 
D.J.[6p#s!v]
K.K.[6p#s!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Receiving or subjected to an action without responding or initiating an action in return.
Ĭģ޷ӦжΪӦܻĳһж
Accepting or submitting without objection or resistance; compliant.
˳ӵģ޷Ի򷴿Ľܻܵģѱ
Not participating, acting, or operating; inert.See Synonyms at inactive 
ģġжĻõģȱĲμ inactive
Of, relating to, or being certain bonds or shares that do not bear financial interest.
ϢģûнϢĳծȯƱġ֮йصĻԴʽڵ
Of, relating to, or being a solar heating or cooling system that uses no external mechanical power.
̫ůйصģ벻ⲿе̫ܼܵȻȴϵͳйصĻԴʽڵ
Abbr. pass.Grammar Of, relating to, or being a verb form or voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject is the object of the action or the effect of the verb. For example, in the 
sentenceThey were impressed by his manner, were impressed  is in the passive voice. 
д pass.﷨ ̬ģʾ﷨Ƕı򶯴ʲĽĶʽ̬ġ֮йصĻʽڵġ They were impressed by his 
manner, were impressed ΪķУ򶯣Ǳ̬ 
Chemistry Unreactive except under special or extreme conditions; inert.
ѧ ѧӦģֻĻ򼫶˵״̬²ѧӦģԵ
Electronics Exhibiting no gain or contributing no energy:
ѧ Եģʾ򲻷ģ
a passive circuit element.
Եĵ·Ԫ
Psychology Relating to or characteristic of an inactive or submissive role in a relationship, especially a sexual relationship.
ѧ ģģһֹϵвԾġĻдģָԹϵ
n.ʣ
Abbr. pass.Grammar 
д pass.﷨ 
The passive voice.
̬
A verb or construction in the passive voice.
̬ʽ̬ʽĶʻṹ
One that is submissive or inactive. Often used in the plural:
ߣѱ򲻻ԾˡԸʽ֣
And the rest of us, we passives of the world, proceeded . . . as if nothing untoward had happened(Martin Gottfried)
ˣߣšͺûκβҵ·(ظ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French passif 
Դ ŷ passif 
from Latin passos [capable of suffering] 
Դ  passos [ܳܵ] 
from passus [past participle of] pato [to suffer] * see  p?(i)- 
Դ passus  [] patoĹȥִ [] *μ p?(i)- 
?
passively
adv.ʣ
passiveness
n.ʣ

= =
passport
pass.port
AHD:[p2sp?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[6p#s7p%8t, -7p*&rt]
K.K.[6p#s7p%rt, -7port]
n.ʣ
An official government document that certifies one's identity and citizenship and permits a citizen to travel abroad.
գ֤ĳ˵ݺ͹ʸԼ񵽹еʽٷļ
An official permit issued by a foreign country allowing one to transport goods or to travel through that country.
֤ͨ䷢ĳ˾ùеĹٷ֤ͨ
An official document issued by an allied foreign government to a ship, especially a neutral merchant ship in time of war, authorizing it to enter and travel through certain waters freely.
֤˵䷢ֻһֹٷļָսʱȨ̴ضˮɽͺеļ
Something that gives one the right or privilege of passage, entry, or acceptance:
֤ĳͨС򱻽ɵȨȨĶ
Hard work was her passport to success.
Ĺóɹı֤
?
French passeport 
 passeport 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
passer [to pass] * see  pass 
passer [] *μ pass
port [port] * see  port 1
port [ۿ] *μ port1

= =
past
past
AHD:[p2st] 
D.J.[p#st]
K.K.[p#st]
adj.ݴʣ
No longer current; gone by; over:
ȥģֵģȥģģ
His youth is past.
ഺѹ
Having existed or occurred in an earlier time; bygone:
ģЩʱڻֵģģ
past events; in years past.
ȥ飻ڹȥļ
Earlier than the present time; ago:
ǰģڵʱģǰģ
40 years past.
ʮǰ
Just gone by or elapsed:
չȥģչȥŵģ
in the past few days.
չȥļ
Having served formerly in a given capacity, especially an official one:
ǰεģǰһضְλϷģʽְλ
a past president; a past inmate of a cell.
ǰͳ
Abbr. p.Grammar Of, relating to, or being a verb tense or form used to express an action or a condition prior to the time it is expressed.
д p.﷨ ȥʱģڱڵǰʱ֮ǰĶ״̬Ķʱ̬ʽġ֮йصĻʽ
n.ʣ
The time before the present.
ʱ֮ǰʱ
Previous background, career, experiences, and activities:
£ȥǰıҵͻ
an elderly person with a distinguished past.
ӵлԻ͹ȥ
A former period of someone's life kept secret or thought to be shameful:
صĹĳ겻Ϊ֪Ϊǳʱڣ
a family with a checkered past.
һŲʷļ
Abbr. p.Grammar 
д p.﷨ 
The past tense.
ȥʱ
A verb form in the past tense.
ʵĹȥʽ
adv.ʣ
So as to pass by or go beyond:

He waved as he walked past.
߹ʱ
prep.ʣ
Beyond in time; later than or after:
ȡĳʱ֮󣻳ڡڡ֮
past midnight; a quarter past two.
ҹԺһ
Beyond in position; farther than:
ԶڣĳһλãȡԶ
The house is about a mile past the first stoplight. They walked past the memorial in silence.
ڵһָͨʾƴԼһӢĵطǾ߹
Beyond the power, scope, extent, or influence of:
ȨΧ̶ȻӰ
The problem is past the point of resolution.
ʵ޷
Beyond in development or appropriateness:
ĳ׶Σڽչ˳̶ȷ泬
The child is past drinking from a bottle. You're past sucking your thumb, so don't do it.
СѲƿˡѲ˱ĴָˣԱ
Beyond the number or amount of:
Ŀ泬
The child couldn't count past 20.See Usage Note at pass 
ӵ䲻ܳʮμ pass
?
Middle English [from past participle of] passen [to pass] * see  pass 
йӢ  [] ԴpassenĹȥִ [] *μ pass

= =
paste
paste 1
AHD:[p3st] 
D.J.[pe!st]
K.K.[pest]
n.ʣ
A smooth viscous mixture, as of flour and water or of starch and water, that is used as an adhesive for joining light materials, such as paper and cloth.
һۺˮۺˮճճϣֽźͲʱΪճ
A soft, smooth, thick mixture, as:
һճĻ磺
A smooth dough of water, flour, and butter or other shortening, used in making pastry.
ţ֣ˮۺͻͻʹͻͶɵĹ⻬ţ
A food that has been pounded until it is reduced to a smooth, creamy mass:
ɹ⻬ġ״һʳƷ
anchovy paste.

A sweet, doughy candy or confection:
ǣ״ǹ۽
rolled apricot paste.

The moist clay or clay mixture used in making porcelain or pottery.Also called  pate 
ʪƴʪճճҲ  pate
A hard, brilliant, lead-containing glass used in making artificial gems.
Ǧʲ챦ʯӲҫ۵ĺǦ
A gem made of this glass.Also called  In this sense, also called strass 
챦ʯֲƳɵıʯҲ  ڴҲɳ strass
v.tr.ﶯʣ
past.ed,past.ing,pastes 
To cause to adhere by or as if by applying paste.
ճûýʹճ
To cover with something by or as if by pasting:
ԡڣճķʽĳ
He pasted the wall with burlap. The wall is pasted with splotches.
ô鲼ǽǽմ۵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin pasta 
Դ  pasta 
from Greek [barley-porridge] [from neuter pl. of] pastos [sprinkled, salted] 
Դ ϣ []  [] ԴpastosԸ [ɢģ] 
from passein [to sprinkle] * see  kw?t- 
Դ passein [ɢ] *μ kw?t- 
?
paste
paste 2
AHD:[p3st] 
D.J.[pe!st]
K.K.[pest]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
past.ed,past.ing,pastes ٵ 
To punch or strike.
ȭͻ
n.ʣ
A hard blow.
һػ
?
Probably alteration of baste 3
Ϊ baste3ı仯 

= =
pastime
pas.time
AHD:[p2stom] 
D.J.[6p#s7ta!m]
K.K.[6p#s7ta!m]
n.ʣ
An activity that occupies one's spare time pleasantly:
֣ʹĳ˵ĿʱĻ
Sailing is her favorite pastime.
ݷϲֻ
?
Middle English passe tyme 
йӢ passe tyme 
translation of French passe temps 
  passe tempsķ 
passer [to pass] 
passer [ȹ] 
temps [time] 
temps [ʱ] 

= =
pasture
pas.ture
AHD:[p2schr] 
D.J.[6p#st.*]
K.K.[6p#st.+]
n.ʣ
Grass or other vegetation eaten as food by grazing animals.
ݣʳΪʳԵĲݻֲ
Ground on which such vegetation grows, especially that which is set aside for use by domestic grazing animals.
ֲĳأָٳιʳĳ
The feeding or grazing of animals.
ι
v.ʣ
pas.tured,pas.tur.ing,pas.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To herd (animals) into a pasture to graze.
ѣ󣩸ϵԲ
To provide (animals) with pasturage. Used of land.
ṩݣΪṩݡָ
To graze on (land or vegetation).
ţ򣩳ݣʹϳԲ
To use (land) as pasture.
ѣأ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To graze in a pasture.
Ϸ
?
put out to pasture
To herd (grazing animals) into pasturable land.
ѣʳϵȥ
Informal To retire or compel to retire from work or a full workload.
ʽ ݣݣӹ»ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin p3?ra} 
Դ  p3?ra} 
from Latin p3s [past participle of] p3scere [to feed] * see  p3- 
Դ  p3s  [] p3scereĹȥִ [ι] *μ p3- 
?
pasturable
adj.ݴʣ
pasturer
n.ʣ

= =
pat
pat 1
AHD:[p2t] 
D.J.[p#t]
K.K.[p#t]
v.ʣ
pat.ted,pat.ting,pats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tap gently with the open hand or with something flat.
ģƻƽ
To stroke lightly as a gesture of affection.
ḧʾ
To mold by tapping gently with the hands or a flat implement.
ĴֻͨƽĴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To run or walk with a tapping sound.
߻
To hit something or against something gently or lightly.
ͻػػĳֵĳ
n.ʣ
A light, gentle stroke or tap.
ĸĴ
The sound made by a light stroke or tap or by light footsteps.
ĴĽŲĸĴĽŲ
A small mass shaped by or as if by patting:
С飺ûĶεС飺
a pat of butter.
һС
?
pat on the back
A word or gesture of praise or approval:
ͬĻƣ
received a pat on the back for doing a good job.
ɵóɫõ
?
From Middle English [a blow] 
Դ йӢ [] 
[perhaps of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
pat
pat 2
AHD:[p2t] 
D.J.[p#t]
K.K.[p#t]
adj.ݴʣ
Trite or glib; superficially complete or satisfactory:
ǻ; µģ¸ĻڳģĻģ
A pat answer is not going to satisfy an inquisitive audience.
µĴ𸴲׷׵Ĺ
Timely or opportune.
ʱģɵ
Suitable; fitting.
ʵģǡ
Games Being a poker hand that is strong enough to make drawing cards unlikely to improve it.
Ϸ ҪƵģʮǿ˿ֵģƲٺ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Completely, exactly, or perfectly:
׵أȷأأ
They've got the system down pat. He has the lesson pat.
ǿʼ濼ƶȡѧúܿ
?
From pat 1
Դ pat1
?
patly
adv.ʣ
patness
n.ʣ

= =
patch
patch 1
AHD:[p2ch] 
D.J.[p#t.]
K.K.[p#t.]
n.ʣ
A small piece of material affixed to another, larger piece to conceal, reinforce, or repair a worn area, hole, or tear.
Ƭ׺ڽϴһƬϵһСƬϣǿ޲һĥ𲿷֡С˺Ѵ
A small piece of cloth used for patchwork.
һСƬ޲õĲ
A small cloth badge affixed to a garment as a decoration or an insignia, as of a military unit.
£׺·װλǵСϵı
A dressing or covering applied to protect a wound or sore.
ҩ࣬ڱ˿ڻʹ
A pad or shield of cloth worn over an eye socket or an injured eye.
Ƭ֣ѻ˵ϵĵӻƬ
A transdermal patch.
Ƥ
A beauty spot applied to a woman's face or shoulder to conceal an imperfection or to enhance the fairness of her skin.
װڸŮϵ˰ߣڸǲƤ
A small piece, part, or section, especially that which differs from or contrasts with the whole:
СƬһСָ֣ͬγɶյһС֣
a patch of thin ice; patches of sunlight.
һƬչ߲
A small plot or piece of land, especially one that produces or is used for growing specific vegetation:
һСأֲָĳһ߲˵СƬأ
a briar patch; a bean patch.
һƬֲҰǾޱأһƬⶹ
A temporary, removable electronic connection, as one between two components in a communications system.
ߣƵʱ·һͨϵͳеԪ·
v.ʣ
patched,patch.ing,patch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a patch or patches on.
򲹶ѲƬڡ
To make by sewing scraps of material together:
׺СƬ첹
patch a quilt.

To mend, repair, or put together, especially hastily, clumsily, or poorly:
ƴգ޲޸ġ޲ƴյһָæġֱŵĻ׾ӵģ
They patched together the broken statues with glue and plaster. The delegates will be forced to patch up their differences.
ý͸ϰѴĵƴŽȾǵķЭ
To connect temporarily (electronic components), as with a patch cord.
ʱӣý߰ѣԪʱԵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Electronics To be connected temporarily.
ѧ ʱ
?
Middle English pacche 
йӢ pacche 
perhaps alteration of pece, pieche [piece] * see  piece 
Ϊ peceı仯, pieche [Ƭ] *μ piece
?
patchable
adj.ݴʣ
patcher
n.ʣ
?
patch
patch 2
AHD:[p2ch] 
D.J.[p#t.]
K.K.[p#t.]
n.ʣ
A fool or clown; a dolt.
ɵϻС󣻴
?
Perhaps from Italian dialectal paccio 
Դ  paccio 
from Old Italian 
Դ  
?
Patch
Patch
AHD:[p2ch] Edith Marion (1876-1954) 
D.J.[p#t.]
K.K.[p#t.]
NONE޴ԣ
American entomologist known for her works characterizing the insect family Aphidae. In 1930 she became the first woman president of the Entomological Association of America.
棬˹(1876-1954) ѧң1930ΪѧĵһλŮϯ
?
Patch
PatchSam (1807?-1829)
NONE޴ԣ
American daredevil. He was killed diving into the Genesee River at Rochester, New York.
棬ķ(1807?-1829) ðռңŦԼ޳˹صĽǱˮʱȥ

= =
patent
pat.ent
AHD:[p2tnt] 
D.J.[6p#tnt]
K.K.[6p#t2t]
n.Abbr. pat.ʣд pat.
A grant made by a government that confers upon the creator of an invention the sole right to make, use, and sell that invention for a set period of time.
רȨ跢һʱ졢ʹú䷢ƷΨһȨ
Letters patent.
ר֤
An invention protected by such a grant.
רƷרķרƷ
A grant made by a government that confers on an individual fee-simple title to public lands.
רȨĶԹؾӵеĸȨ
The official document of such a grant.
ר֤蹫רȨʽļ
The land so granted.
רأַʽ
An exclusive right or title.
רȨԵȨ
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. pat.
д pat.
Protected or conferred by a patent or letters patent:
רȨģ
a patent right.
רȨ
Of, relating to, or dealing in patents:
רȨģڡڻ漰רȨģ
patent law.
ר
also [p3tnt] Obvious; plain.See Synonyms at apparent 
Ҳ [p3tnt] ԵģĲμ apparent
[p3tnt] Biology 
[p3tnt] ѧ 
Not blocked; open.
谭ģδرյģŵ
Spreading open; expanded.
ɢģӵģչģչ
Of, relating to, or being a nonprescription drug or other medical preparation that is often protected by a trademark.
ҽģڡڻΪһַҽ̱걣ҩƷҩ
Of high quality. Used of flour.
Ʒʵģġ
also [p3tnt] Archaic Open to general inspection. Used especially of documents.
Ҳ [p3tnt]  ģܼġڶļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pat.ent.ed,pat.ent.ing,pat.ents 
To obtain a patent on or for (an invention, for example).
רȨĳһ
To invent, originate, or be the proprietor of (an idea, for example).
УӵУ˼룩
To grant a patent to or for.
רȨ
?
Middle English [document granting a right] 
йӢ [ĳһȨĹ] 
short for (lettre) patent [open (letter)] 
 (lettre) patentļд [ģż] 
from Old French (lettre) patente 
Դ ŷ (lettre) patente 
from Latin pat?s  patent- [open] [present participle of] pat?re [to be open] * see  pet- 
Դ  pat?s  patent- []  [] pat?reڷִ [] *μ pet- 
?
patentability
n.ʣ
patentable
adj.ݴʣ

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path
path
AHD:[p2th, p?th] 
D.J.[p#G, p$8G]
K.K.[p#G, p$G]
n.ʣ
 paths[p2Yz, p?Yz, p2ths, p?ths]  
A trodden track or way.
СС̤ľ·
A road, way, or track made for a particular purpose:
ܵ;޽·ϣ
a bicycle path.
г
The route or course along which something travels or moves:
·ߣĳͨƶĵ··ߣ
the path of a hurricane.
쫷о·
A course of action or conduct:
·;жΪ·ߣ;
the path of righteousness.
֮·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English p?th * see  pent- 
Դ Ӣ p?th *μ pent- 

= =
pathetic
pa.thet.ic
AHD:[p-tht1k]  Ҳ pa.thet.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[p*6Get!k] Ҳ pa.thet.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[p*6GWt!k] Ҳ pa.thet.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing or capable of arousing sympathetic sadness and compassion.
ͬģģܹ˸кͬ
Arousing or capable of arousing scornful pity.
ֱֿģ޼ֵģܹɫʵ
?
French pathtique 
 pathtique 
from Late Latin path?s 
Դ  path?s 
from Greek path?s [sensitive] 
Դ ϣ path?s [е] 
from path?s [liable to suffer] 
Դ path?s [ܿѵ] 
from pathos [suffering] * see  k went(h)- 
Դ pathos [ʹ࣬] *μ k went(h)- 
?
pathetically
adv.ʣ
?
pathetic,pitiful,pitiable,piteous,lamentable
These adjectives describe one that inspires or deserves pity.Somethingpathetic  elicits sympathetic sadness and compassion:  
ЩݴʶָӮͬ˻Pathetic ʾ˸кͬ飺  
Everything human is pathetic  (Mark Twain).Often the word refers to what is so poor that it arouses scornful pity: 
ͬġ  ˡ£ʳָʮƶӵ 
The academic standards in the school were pathetic. Bothpitiful  and pitiable  apply to what is touchingly sad:  
ѧУѧˮƽ͵ÿ Pitiful  pitiable ָ˸˵Ķ  
She told a most pitiful story (Samuel Butler). 
һʮ˸˵Ĺ¡  Ѷգ 
The emperor had been in a state of pitiable vacillation (William Hickling Prescott).Sometimes the terms connote contemptuous pity,as for what is hopelessly inept or inadequate: 
ʵ˿ľ岻״̬   ϣ֡˹أʱָͬ飬˾ܻ򲻺ʵĶ 
If when the chips are down, the world's most powerful nation . . . acts like a pitiful, helpless giant, the forces of totalitarianism and anarchy will threaten free nations and free 
institutions throughout the world (Richard M. Nixon). 
ΣʱǿĹҡһľˣôȨͶвȫɹҺ֯  ¡Mɣ 
That cold accretion called the world, which, so terrible in the mass, is so unformidable, even pitiable, in its units (Thomas Hardy).
ǸΪĳɵĺ壬壬ôų ˹
 Piteous  applies to what cries out for pity: 
 Piteous  ָģ 
They . . . made piteous lamentation to us to save them (Daniel Defoe).
ʾ˿ıԱ Ѹ
 Lamentable  suggests the evocation of pity mixed with sorrow: 
 Lamentable  ָб˵ͬĻ 
Tell thou the lamentable tale of me,/And send the hearers weeping to their beds  (Shakespeare).See also Synonyms at  moving 
ҵı˹/ʹ ɯʿǣμͬ moving

= =
patience
pa.tience
AHD:[p3shns] 
D.J.[6pe!.*ns]
K.K.[6pe.*ns]
n.ʣ
The capacity, quality, or fact of being patient.
ģ͵Ʒʻʵ
Chiefly British The game solitaire.
Ӣ ֽϷ
?
patience,long-suffering,resignation,forbearance
These nouns all denote the capacity to endure hardship, difficulty, or inconvenience without complaint.
ЩʶкԹԵܿѡѻ򲻱
 Patience  emphasizes calmness, self-control, and the willingness or ability to tolerate delay: 
 Patience  ǿӳٵ򾲡ƺԸ 
Our patience will achieve more than our force (Edmund Burke). 
ǵԶʤǵܴﵽġ ɵ¡ˣ 
No fear can stand up to hunger, no patience can wear it out (Joseph Conrad).
ûп־ܱȼ£κҲԿ˷ Լɪ򡤿£
 Long-suffering  is long and patient endurance, as of wrong or provocation: 
 Long-suffering  ָöԩƵȣ 
The general, a man by no means notable for docility and long-suffering, flew into a rage.
λһӲ˳ӻ͵ˣñס
Resignation  implies an unresisting acceptance of or submission to something trying,as out of despair or necessity: 
Resignation  ָĽܻĳһʹ£ΪҪ 
Too timorous to protest the disrespect with which she was being treated, the young woman could only accept it with resignation.
Ů̫ųܵĲֻܽһʵ
Forbearance   denotes restraint, as in retaliating, demanding what is due, or voicing disapproval or condemnation: 
Forbearance  ָơͣڸȡȷʾԻǴУ 
It is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love, and charity towards each other (Patrick Henry). 
 ˴ʩлͽ͡ʹ໥Ρ ˡ 
The parents showed remarkable forbearance toward their defiant and unruly son. 
ĸԶӵѱʾ˼ݡ 

= =
patient
pa.tient
AHD:[p3shnt] 
D.J.[6pe!.*nt]
K.K.[6pe.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Bearing or enduring pain, difficulty, provocation, or annoyance with calmness.
͵ģܵģƽسܻʹࡢѡƻŵ
Marked by or exhibiting calm endurance of pain, difficulty, provocation, or annoyance.
̵ģͿģƽʹࡢѡƻŵģʾһص
Tolerant; understanding:
ݵģģ
an unfailingly patient leader and guide.
һλһľĵ쵼ߺ·
Persevering; constant:
̵ģģ
With patient industry, she revived the failing business and made it thrive.
Լļ̺࣬ʹ·ҵշ
Capable of calmly awaiting an outcome or a result; not hasty or impulsive.
ĵģ嶯ģƽȴģĻ򲻳嶯
Capable of bearing or enduring pain, difficulty, provocation, or annoyance:
ģʹģܹʹࡢѡƻŵģ
My uncle Toby was a man patient of injuries(Laurence Sterne)
ҵбǸܹ˺ˡ(˹˹)
n.ʣ
One who receives medical attention, care, or treatment.
ˣҽƻչ˵
Archaic One who suffers.
 ܿѵ
?
Middle English pacient 
йӢ pacient 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pati?s  patient- [present participle of] pato [to endure] * see  p?(i)- 
Դ  pati?s  patient-  [] patoڷִ [ܣ] *μ p?(i)- 
?
patiently
adv.ʣ

= =
patriotic
pa.tri.ot.ic
AHD:[p3tr?-?t1k] 
D.J.[7pe!tri86Kt!k]
K.K.[7petri6$t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Feeling, expressing, or inspired by love for one's country.
ģаģģȰģİ
?
patriotically
adv.ʣ

= =
patrol
pa.trol
AHD:[p-tr?l] 
D.J.[p*6tr*&l]
K.K.[p*6trol]
n.ʣ
The act of moving about an area especially by an authorized and trained person or group, for purposes of observation, inspection, or security.
ѲߣѲӣΪ˹۲졢Ӳȫĳһ߶ָȨѵ˻ĴѲ
A person or group of persons who perform such an act.
Ѳ߶ӣˣִж˻
A military unit sent out on a reconnaissance or combat mission.
ӣǲӻս
One or more military vehicles, boats, ships, or aircraft assigned to guard or reconnoiter a given area.
Ѳ߲ӣɱĳһָľ³ֻͧɻ
A division of a Boy Scout troop consisting of between six and eight boys.
ͯӾСӣͯӾɵС
v.ʣ
pa.trolled,pa.trol.ling,pa.trols 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To engage in a patrol of.
Ѳߡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in a patrol.
ѲߣѲ
?
French patrouille 
 patrouille 
from patrouiller [to patrol] 
Դ patrouiller [Ѳ죬Ѳ] 
alteration of Old French patouiller [to paddle about in mud, patrol] 
 ŷ patouillerı仯 [ཬ߶Ѳ] 
probably from pate [paw] * see  patois 
Դ pate [צ] *μ patois
?
patroller
n.ʣ

= =
pattern
pat.tern
AHD:[p2trn] 
D.J.[6p#t*n]
K.K.[6p#t*n]
n.ʣ
A model or an original used as an archetype.
ԭͣͣΪԭ͵ģͻԭ
A person or thing considered worthy of imitation.
ģΪֵģµ˻
A plan, diagram, or model to be followed in making things:
ͼʱõģ͡ͼֽͼΣ
a dress pattern.
װʽ
A representative sample; a specimen.See Synonyms at ideal 
Ʒ걾дԵƷ걾μ ideal
An artistic or decorative design:
װεģͼʽ
a paisley pattern.See Synonyms at figure 
˹ʽμ figure
A design of natural or accidental origin:
ȻͼΣȻżȻγɵͼ
patterns of bird formations.
ͼ
A consistent, characteristic form, style, or method, as:
һµʽһµġԵʽ򷽷磺
A composite of traits or features characteristic of an individual or a group:
ɫ˻صͱʵۺϣ
one's pattern of behavior.
һ˵Ϊص
Form and style in an artistic work or body of artistic works.
ƷķƷƷṹʽͷ
The configuration of gunshots upon a target that is used as an indication of skill in shooting.
ϵͼΣеܼǹۣʾˮƽĸߵ
The distribution and spread, around a targeted region, of spent shrapnel, bomb fragments, or shot from a shotgun.
ڵɢΧƬڵƬǹڰķֲɢ
Enough material to make a complete garment.
һϣһ㹻
A test pattern.
ģʽ
The flight path of an aircraft about to land:
ܵɻʱķܵ
a flight pattern.
½
v.ʣ
pat.terned,pat.tern.ing,pat.terns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make, mold, or design by following a pattern:
ġƣ죺ģƣ
We patterned this plan on the previous one. My daughter patterned her military career after her father's.
ǷǰͼͼֽҵŮЧ׵ģʽԼľģʽ
To cover or ornament with a design or pattern.
ͼװΣǣĳֻͼװλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a pattern.
ͼ
?
Middle English patron 
йӢ patron 
from Old French * see  patron 
Դ ŷ *μ patron

= =
pause
pause
AHD:[p?z] 
D.J.[p%8z]
K.K.[p%z]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
paused,paus.ing,paus.es 
To cease or suspend an action temporarily.
ֹͣʱԵֹֹͣĳһж
To linger; tarry:
ͣͣ
paused for a while under the huge oak tree.
һ޴פƬ
To hesitate:
ԥ
He paused before replying.
ԥƬ̲Żش
n.ʣ
A temporary cessation.
ʱͣ
A delay or suspended reaction, as from uncertainty; a hesitation:
ԥӳٻƳٵΪȷԥ
After a pause the audience broke into cheers.
ݵĳͻȻ
A break, stop, or rest, often for a calculated purpose or effect:
ʱͣ٣жϡֹͣЪϢΪ˼ƻõĿĻЧ
After a dramatic pause, the lawyer finished her summation.
ϷԵĳĬ֮λʦ
Music A sign indicating that a note or rest is to be held.
֡ ӳţʾ׻ͣٵķţֹ
A break or rest in a line of poetry; a caesura.
ʫУͣ٣һʫежϻͣ٣ֹ
Reason for hesitation:
ԥԭ
The immensity of the task gives one pause.
ļṩƳٵ
?
From Middle English [pause] 
Դ йӢ [ͣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pausa 
Դ  pausa 
from Greek pausis 
Դ ϣ pausis 
from pauein [to stop] 
Դ pauein [ֹͣ] 
?
pause,intermission,recess,respite,suspension
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a temporary stop, as in activity: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡʱͣ٣ڻС 
a short pause in the conversation;
ԻĶжϣ
a concert with the usual 15-minute intermission;
ͨʮӼЪֻ᣻
the legislature's summer recess;
صݻڣ
toiling without respite;
ϵؿɣ
a suspension of work. 
ʱ 

= =
pave
pave
AHD:[p3v] 
D.J.[pe!v]
K.K.[pev]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
paved,pav.ing,paves 
To cover with a pavement.
··
To cover uniformly, as if with pavement.
衭֮ã·
To be or compose the pavement of.
裺·̳
?
pave the way
To make progress or development easier:
Ϊƽ·ʹȡýչ
experiments that paved the way for future research.
Ϊоƽ˵·ʵ
?
Middle English paven 
йӢ paven 
from Old French paver 
Դ ŷ paver 
from Latin pavoe [to beat, tread down] * see  peu- 
Դ  pavoe [̤] *μ peu- 
?
paver
n.ʣ

= =
pavement
pave.ment
AHD:[p3vmnt] 
D.J.[6pe!vm*nt]
K.K.[6pevm*nt]
n.ʣ
A hard, smooth surface, especially of a public area or thoroughfare, that will bear travel.
·棺Ӳı棬ָط·
The material with which such a surface is made.
ϣ·Ĳ
Chiefly British A sidewalk.
Ӣ е

= =
paw
paw
AHD:[p?] 
D.J.[p%8]
K.K.[p%]
n.ʣ
The nailed or clawed foot of an animal, especially of a quadruped.
צƣָ׻צĶ㣬ָ㶯צ
Informal A human hand, especially a large, clumsy one:
ʽ ֱָ֣֣֣
Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water(John Steinbeck)
ֱֽˮ(Լ˹̹)
v.ʣ
pawed,paw.ing,paws 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with the paw or paws.
ץצץ
To strike or scrape with a beating motion:
ѣ٣λ
The bull pawed the ground before charging.
ͷţŵ׼
To handle clumsily, rudely, or with too much familiarity.See Synonyms at touch 
³Ūֱִأֱشμ touch
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To scrape the ground with the forefeet:
ǰץأ
The horse pawed restlessly.
ƥǰ㲻ͣŵ
To handle someone or something clumsily, rudely, or with too much familiarity:
׾ëëţñ׾ġֱġòķʽԴĳ˻ĳ
Don't paw at everything you see.

?
Middle English pawe 
йӢ pawe 
from Old French powe 
Դ ŷ powe 
?
pawer
n.ʣ

= =
pay
pay 1
AHD:[p3] 
D.J.[pe!]
K.K.[pe]
v.ʣ
paid[p3d] pay.ing,pays 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give money to in return for goods or services rendered:
֧ṩķƷǮ
pay the cashier.
Ա
To give (money) in exchange for goods or services:
ѣΪƷ֧Ǯ
paid three dollars for a hamburger; paid an hourly wage.
Ԫһ֧һСʱĹ
To discharge or settle (a debt or an obligation):
壺壨ծΣ
paying taxes; paid the bill.
˰ʵ
To give recompense for; requite:
ر豨ꣻ
a kindness that cannot be paid back.
޷ĺ
To give recompense to; reward or punish:
ر豨ͷ
I'll pay him back for his insults.
Ҫ
To bear (a cost or penalty, for example) in recompense:
ܱӦۣܣۣȣΪ⳥
She paid the price for her unpopular opinions.
ΪԼܻӭĹ۵㸶˴
To yield as a return:
ͣΪر裺
a savings plan that paid 12 percent interest.
֧ٷ֮ʮʵĴƻ
To afford an advantage to; profit:
ڣԺôڣ
It paid us to be generous.
кô
To give or bestow:
裺
paying compliments; paying attention.
ޣע
To make (a visit or call).
ݷã򣨵绰
past tense and past participle paid or payed [p3d]  To let out (a line or cable) by slackening.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ paid  payed [p3d]  ɣͨɿʹѳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give money in exchange for goods or services.
ΪƷ
To discharge a debt or an obligation.
壺ծ
To bear a cost or penalty in recompense:
ۣõӦܷû̷Ϊ
You'll pay for this mischief!
ܳͷ
To be profitable or worthwhile:
ֵã
It doesn't pay to get angry.
ֵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, giving, or receiving payments.
ģտģ֧ġ֧йصġ֧
Requiring payment to use or operate:
轻ѵģҪʹûõģ
a pay telephone.
ѵ绰
Yielding valuable metal in mining:
пɼֵģͨܲмֵģ
a pay streak.
пɼֵĿ
n.ʣ
The act of paying or state of being paid.
տñΪ״̬
Money given in return for work done; salary; wages.
𣬹ʣõıꣻʣн
Recompense or reward:
꣬ͣ
Your thanks are pay enough.
л㹻
Retribution or punishment.
ͷ
Paid employment:
Ӷ֧õĹӶ
the workers in our pay.
ǹӶĹ
A person considered with regard to his or her credit or reliability in discharging debts.
õˣ֧ˣΪڻծŻɿ
?
pay off
To pay the full amount on (a debt).
壨ծ񣩣֧ծ񣩵ȫ
To effect profit:
棺
a bet that paid off poorly.
ûжϢĶע
To get revenge for or on; requite.
Ϊ򡭱
To pay the wages due to (an employee) upon discharge.
㹤ʣҪͣԱ֧
Informal To bribe.
ʽ ¸
Nautical To turn or cause to turn (a vessel) to leeward.
 ʹףת·磺תʹת·
pay out
To give (money) out; spend.
ѣǮ
To let out (a line or rope) by slackening.
ɣͨʹų
pay up
To give over the full monetary amount demanded.
ȫҪȫʽ
?
pay (one's) dues
To earn a given right or position through hard work, long-term experience, or suffering:
ԼӦõģͨ๤ڵľʹӦõȨλ
She paid her dues in small-town theaters before getting a part in a Broadway play.
ͨСϷԺŦԼϻϷҵһϯ֮
pay (one's) way
To contribute one's own share; pay for oneself.
Ǯ׳ԼһݣΪԼ֧
pay the piper
To bear the consequences of something.
еĳµĺ
pay through the noseʽ
To pay excessively.
ߵĴ
?
Middle English paien 
йӢ paien 
from Old French paiier 
Դ ŷ paiier 
from Late Latin [to appease] 
Դ  [ͣʹƽ] 
from Latin p33re} [to pacify] 
Դ  p33re} [ƽϢ] 
from p3x  p3c- [peace] * see  pag- 
Դ p3x  p3c- [ƽ] *μ pag- 
?
Given the unpeaceful feelings one often has in paying bills or income taxes,it is difficult to believe that the wordpay  ultimately derives from the Latin word p3,  peace. However, it 
is not the peace of the one who pays that is involved in this development of meaning.Fromp3,  meaning peace and also a settlement of hostilities, was derived the word 
p33re,}  to impose a settlement on peoples or territories. In Late Latinp33re}  was extended in sense to mean to appease. The Old French wordpaiier  that developed from Latin 
p33re}  came to have the specific  application to pacify or satisfy a creditor,a sense that came into Middle English along with the wordpaien  (first recorded around the beginning of 
the 13th century), the ancestor of our wordpay.  
˳֧ʵ˰ʱв֮飬ŵpay Դ pax ƽ ǣ֧ĵƽйΪ
˼ǡƽ͡ӵĺͽ⡱ĵpax Դ pacare ԰ ںpacare 屻Ϊοʹ͡ ŷﵥpaiier Դ pacave
  ʼС͡ƽϢʹծ⡱⣬˼ͬpaien Լ13ͳ״μ¼Ӣ ʾǵpay ǰ 
?
pay
pay 2
AHD:[p3] 
D.J.[pe!]
K.K.[pe]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
payed  paid [p3d] pay.ing,pays  
To coat or cover (seams of a ship, for example) with waterproof material such as tar or asphalt.
ڡͿͣ÷ˮͿڣ紬ϣ
?
Obsolete French peier 
ѷϷ peier 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pic3e 
Դ  pic3e 
from pix  pic- [pitch] 
Դ pix  pic- [࣬] 

= =
payment
pay.ment
AHD:[p3mnt] 
D.J.[6pe!m*nt]
K.K.[6pem*nt]
n.Abbr. pmt.,pt.,payt.ʣд pmt.,pt.,payt.
The act of paying or the state of being paid.
֧֧õΪ״̬
An amount paid:
֧
received a large payment.
õһǮ
One's due, reward, or punishment; requital.
ӦһӦñꡢ𡢳ͷ⳥

= =
pea
pea
AHD:[p?] 
D.J.[pi8]
K.K.[pi]
n.ʣ
A member of the pea family.
㶹ֲһ
A Eurasian climbing annual vine(Pisum sativum)  cultivated in all temperate zones, having compound leaves with terminal leaflets modified into tendrils and globose, edible seeds 
enclosed in a green, elongated pod. 
㶹ֲһŷǴ½һֲ㶹 ֲ´жСҶƬĸҶҶɾͰɫĳе״ʳ 
The seed of this plant, used as a vegetable.
㶹ѣֲӣ߲
Also peas The unopened pods of this plant.
 Ҳ peas 㶹ԣֲδ򿪵ļ
Any of several plants of the genusLathyrus,  such as the sweet pea or the beach pea. 
㶹ֲһɽ ֲ㶹ɳ򺣱㶹 
?
Back-formation from Middle English pease  [mistaken for pl.] 
Դ йӢ pease湹  [] 
from Old English pise, piose 
Դ Ӣ pise, piose 
from Late Latin poa 
Դ  poa 
variant of Latin pom 
  po 
from Greek pison 
Դ ϣ pison 

= =
peace
peace
AHD:[p?s] 
D.J.[pi8s]
K.K.[pis]
n.ʣ
The absence of war or other hostilities.
ƽûսΪ״̬
An agreement or a treaty to end hostilities.
ԼжΪЭԼ
Freedom from quarrels and disagreement; harmonious relations:
гûͲ͵״̬ǢĹϵ
roommates living in peace with each other.
ദ
Public security and order:
ΰ򣺹ΰ
was arrested for disturbing the peace.
򱻲
Inner contentment; serenity:
ƽĵƽƽͣţ
peace of mind.
ƽ
interj.̾ʣ
Used as a greeting or farewell, and as a request for silence.
һ£ҪӭＰ󰲾
?
at peace
In a state of tranquillity; serene:
ƽģƽ͵ģ״̬ģƽģ
She is at peace with herself and her friends.
ƽ͵ضԴԼ
Free from strife:
ƽģûģ
Everyone wants to live in a world at peace.
˶һƽ
keep one's peace 
hold one's peace
To be silent.
Ĭտڲ˵
keep the peace
To maintain or observe law and order:
ֺƽάֻطɻ
officers who were sworn to keep the peace.
Ҫάľ
?
Middle English pes 
йӢ pes 
from Old French pais, pes 
Դ ŷ pais, pes 
from Latin p3x  p3c- * see  pag- 
Դ  p3x  p3c- *μ pag- 

= =
peaceful
peace.ful
AHD:[p?sfl] 
D.J.[6pi8sf*l]
K.K.[6pisf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Undisturbed by strife, turmoil, or disagreement; tranquil.See Synonyms at calm 
ƽģģɧһ򲻺͸ŵģĲμ calm
Inclined or disposed to peace; peaceable.
ƽģƽ
Of or characteristic of a condition of peace.
ƽ״̬ģƽ״̬Ļкƽ״̬ص
?
peacefully
adv.ʣ
peacefulness
n.ʣ

= =
peach
peach 1
AHD:[p?ch] 
D.J.[pi8t.]
K.K.[pit.]
n.ʣ
A small Chinese tree(Prunus persica)  widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit. 
һְСйľ 㷺ֲ´ۺɫʵʳ 
The soft, juicy fruit of this tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured stone containing a single seed.
ӣϲ֭ĹʵɫëﷺƤƵںˣһ
Color A light moderate to strong yellowish pink to light orange.
ɫʡ ɫҺɫеȵƺɫƺɫۺɫ
Informal A particularly admirable or pleasing person or thing.
ʽ ˻ӭˣ𾴻ӭ˻
?
Middle English peche 
йӢ peche 
from Old French [a peach] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin persica [peach tree] 
Դ  persica [] 
ultimately from persicus [Persian] 
Դ persicus [˹] 
from  Persia 
Դ  Persia
?
peach
peach 2
AHD:[p?ch] 
D.J.[pi8t.]
K.K.[pit.]
v.ʣ
peached,peach.ing,peach.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To inform on someone; turn informer:
ܣܣΪߣ
Middle-level bureaucrats cravenly peach on their bosses[when]  one of them does something the tiniest bit illegal (National Observer)
 еȽ׼ԱͬһΥ£Ǿͻᵨӵ˾ܡ (۲)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To inform against:
淢
He has peached me and all the others, to save his life(Daniel Defoe)
ҼȫԼ(ϸ)
?
Middle English pechen 
йӢ pechen 
from apechen [to accuse]  probably from Anglo-Norman *anpecher  from Late Latin impedic3e [to entangle] * see  impeach 
Դ apechen [ظ棬ָ]  Դ Ӣ *anpecher  Դ  impedic3e [ʹ룬ǣ] *μ impeach
and from empechen [to accuse] * see  impeach 
Դ empechen [ָأظ棬] *μ impeach

= =
peak
peak 1
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[pi8k]
K.K.[pik]
n.Abbr. pk.ʣд pk.
A tapering, projecting point; a pointed extremity:
ⶥͻ֣ͻĶ˵㣻ͻ֣
the peak of a cap; the peak of a roof.
ñܣݶļⲿ
The pointed summit of a mountain.
ɽ壺ɽļⶥ
The mountain itself.
ɽ
The point of a beard.
ļ
A widow's peak.
˼⣺Ѹǰķ
The point of greatest development, value, or intensity:
۷壬ߵ㣺չֵҶߵĵ㣺
a novel written at the peak of the writer's career.See Synonyms at summit 
дλҵĶʱڵС˵μ summit
Physics The highest value attained by a varying quantity:
ѧ ֵֵɱ䶯еõֵ
a peak in current.
ķֵ
Nautical 
 
The narrow portion of a ship's hull at the bow or stern.
գڴ׻βյĽխһ
The upper after corner of a fore-and-aft sail.
ݷǵĺϲ
The outermost end of a gaff.
бˣΦбļ
v.ʣ
peaked,peak.ing,peaks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Nautical To raise (a gaff) above the horizontal.
 б죺ѣΦб죩ˮƽ
To bring to a maximum of development, value, or intensity.
ﵽ۷壺ʹչֵǿȴﵽ̶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be formed into a peak or peaks:
𣻳ɷ״
Beat the egg whites until they peak.
ѵ¡ɷ״Ϊֹ
To achieve a maximum of development, value, or intensity:
ﵽ㣬ﵽ߳չֵǿȴﵽ壺
Sales tend to peak just before the holidays.
ǰ߳
adj.ݴʣ
Approaching or constituting the maximum:
ߵģµģӽ򹹳߷ģ
working at peak efficiency.
Чʵת
?
Probably Middle English pike, peke * see  pike 5
Ϊ йӢ pike, peke *μ pike5
?
peak
peak 2
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[pi8k]
K.K.[pik]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
peaked,peak.ing,peaks 
To become sickly, emaciated, or pale.
ݣ㲣ݡ㲻ʲ̬Ĳ԰
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
pear
pear
AHD:[par] 
D.J.[pe*]
K.K.[pWr]
n.ʣ
A widely cultivated tree(Pyrus communis)  in the rose family, having glossy leaves, white flowers grouped in a corymb, and edible fruit. 
һǾޱƵձֲľ 棩 йҶƬɫɡ״أʵʳ 
The fruit of this tree, spherical at the base and tapering toward the stalk.
棺Ĺʵײ״𽥱
?
Middle English pere 
йӢ pere 
from Old English peru [a pear] 
Դ Ӣ peru [] 
ultimately from Vulgar Latin *pira 
Դ  *pira 
from Latin [pl. of] pirum 
Դ   [] pirumĸ 

= =
pearl
pearl 1
AHD:[p?rl] 
D.J.[pT8l]
K.K.[pPl]
n.ʣ
A smooth, lustrous, variously colored deposit, chiefly calcium carbonate, formed around a grain of sand or other foreign matter in the shells of certain mollusks and valued as a gem.
飺ڼ嶯ıУΧһɳӻγɵһֹ⻬ɫ󡢾вͬɫҪ̼ƵĳΪʯ
Mother-of-pearl; nacre.
ĸĸ
One that is highly regarded for one's beauty or value.
ĶܳΪкܸ߼ֵ˻
Printing A type size measuring approximately five points.
ӡˢ λ֣ߴԼ5ӡˢ
Color A yellowish white.
ɫʡ ף΢Ƶİɫ
v.ʣ
pearled,pearl.ing,pearls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To decorate or cover with or as if with pearls.
ǶװλǶ
To make into the shape or color of pearls.
״ɫʹγ״ɫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dive or fish for pearls or pearl-bearing mollusks.
ɼ飩Ǳˮ嶯
To form beads resembling pearls.
״γԲ
?
Middle English perle 
йӢ perle 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin *pernula 
Դ  *pernula 
diminutive of perna [ham, seashell (from the shape of the shell)] 
 pernaС׺ [ȣӱǵ״] 
?
pearl
pearl 2
AHD:[p?rl] 
D.J.[pT8l]
K.K.[pPl]
v.ʣ
n.ʣ
Variant of purl 2
 purlı2
?
Pearl
Pearl
AHD:[p?rl] 
D.J.[pT8l]
K.K.[pPl]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of central Mississippi, a suburb of Jackson. Population, 19,588.
ǣвһУܿѷн˿19,588

= =
peasant
peas.ant
AHD:[pznt] 
D.J.[6pez*nt]
K.K.[6pWz*nt]
n.ʣ
A member of the class constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, and laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture.
СũũũСũũͶȹɵĽ׼еһԱγũҵŵҪͶ
A country person; a rustic.
ׯˣ
An uncouth, crude, or ill-bred person; a boor.
ˣ׾ġ³Ļ޽ˣֹ³
?
Middle English paissaunt 
йӢ paissaunt 
from Old French paisant 
Դ ŷ paisant 
from pais [country] 
Դ pais [] 
from Late Latin p3?nsis} [inhabitant of a district] 
Դ  p3?nsis} [ĳһľ] 
from Latin p3s [district] * see  pag- 
Դ  p3s [] *μ pag- 

= =
pebble
peb.ble
AHD:[pbl] 
D.J.[6peb*l]
K.K.[6pWb*l]
n.ʣ
A small stone, especially one worn smooth by erosion.
ʯһСʯӣָʴĹ⻬ʯͷ
Clear, colorless quartz; rock crystal.
ˮʯӢ͸ɫʯӢʯӢ
A lens made of such quartz.
ˮ͸ʯӢƳɵľƬ
Geology A rock fragment between 4 and 64 millimeters (0.16 and 2.51 inches) in diameter, especially one that has been naturally rounded.
ѧ ˮʯʯӢƬֱ464(0.162.51Ӣ磩ָȻԲεʯӢ
An irregularly rough, grainy surface, as on leather or paper.
ֲڱ棬ʯƣȵĴֲ״棬Ƥֽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
peb.bled,peb.bling,peb.bles 
To pave with pebbles.
ʯ
To impart an irregularly rough, grainy surface to (leather or paper).
ŪֲڣӡʯƣƤֽţԼΪֲں״
To pelt with pebbles.
ʯͶ
?
Middle English pobble, pibel, pebul 
йӢ pobble, pibel, pebul 
from Old English papol- 
Դ Ӣ papol- 
as in papolst3n [pebblestone] 
 papolst3n [ʯ] 
?
pebbly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
peculiar
pe.cu.liar
AHD:[p1-ky?lyr] 
D.J.[p!6kju8lj*]
K.K.[p!6kjulj+]
adj.ݴʣ
Unusual or eccentric; odd.
ŹֵģѰĻŹֵģֵ
Distinct from all others.See Synonyms at strange 
صģڲͬĲμ strange
Belonging distinctively or primarily to one person, group, or kind; special or unique:
еģרڻҪĳˡĳȺĳ˵ģرĻΨһģ
rights peculiar to the rich; a species peculiar to this area.
еȨе
n.ʣ
A privilege or property that is exclusively one's own.
רȨרвƲĳԼеȨƲ
Chiefly British A church or parish under the jurisdiction of a diocese different from that in which it lies.
Ӣ ãܲͬڽ֮ϽĽû
?
Middle English peculier [personal] 
йӢ peculier [˵] 
from Latin pec?3ris} 
Դ  pec?3ris} 
from pec?m [private property] * see  peku- 
Դ pec?m [˽˲Ʋ] *μ peku- 
?
peculiarly
adv.ʣ

= =
pedal
ped.al
AHD:[pdl] 
D.J.[6pedl]
K.K.[6pWd1]
n.ʣ
A foot-operated lever used for actuating or controlling a mechanism, as in a loom, a sewing machine, a piano, or an organ.
̤̤꣬壺װ֯һٻַýſԿƻеװõĸ
A similar foot-operated part attached to a crank and used for powering various devices, such as a bicycle.
̤壺ڷгȸװõýŲݵĲ
Music 
֡ 
A pedal point.

A pedal keyboard.
̤
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a pedal.
̤ģ̤ģ̤Ļ̤йص
also [p?dl] Of or relating to a foot or footlike part:
Ҳ [p?dl] ŵģ㲿ģڻйؽŻ״ģ
the pedal extremities.

v.ʣ
ped.aled  ped.alled ped.al.ing  ped.al.ling ped.als  ped.als  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use or operate a pedal or pedals.
ʹ̤̤꣬壺ʹṳ̂
To ride a bicycle.
̤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To operate the pedals of.
̤
?
French pdale 
 pdale 
from Italian pedale 
Դ  pedale 
from Latin ped3s [one foot long] 
Դ  ped3s [һ֮] 
from p?s  ped- [foot] * see  ped- 
Դ p?s  ped- [] *μ ped- 

= =
pedestrian
pe.des.tri.an
AHD:[p-dstr?-n] 
D.J.[p*6destri8*n]
K.K.[p*6dWstri*n]
n.ʣ
A person traveling on foot; a walker.
ˣеˣеˣ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or made for pedestrians:
ڡйػΪ˶Ƶģ
a pedestrian bridge.

Going or performed on foot:
лͽģ
a pedestrian journey.
ͽ
Undistinguished; ordinary:
ƽģһģ
pedestrian prose.See Synonyms at dull 
ζɢĲμ dull
?
From Latin pedester  pedestr- [going on foot] 
Դ  pedester  pedestr- [е] 
from pedes [a pedestrian] 
Դ pedes [] 
from p?s  ped- [foot] * see  ped- 
Դ p?s  ped- [] *μ ped- 
?
pedestrianism
n.ʣ

= =
peel
peel 1
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[pi8l]
K.K.[pil]
n.ʣ
The skin or rind of certain fruits and vegetables.
ƤƤĳЩˮ߲˵ƤƤ
v.ʣ
peeled,peel.ing,peels 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strip or cut away the skin, rind, or bark from; pare.
ƤƤȥȥƤƤƤ
To strip away; pull off:
ȥ˺£
peeled the label from the jar.
˺ƿ޵ıǩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lose or shed skin, bark, or other covering.
ȥƤƤƤ
To come off in thin strips or pieces, as bark, skin, or paint:
䣺һƬƬһذƤƤɫȣ
Her sunburned skin began to peel.
ǾչɹƤʼ
Slang To remove one's clothes; undress.
ٵ £ȥĳ˵··
?
peel off
To leave flight formation in order to land or make a dive. Used of an aircraft.
ӣΪ½򸩳бӡڷɻ
To leave or depart.
뿪
?
From Middle English pilen, pelen [to peel] 
Դ йӢ pilen, pelen [ȥȥ] 
from Old French peler, 
Դ ŷ peler, 
Old English pilian  both from Latin pil3e [to deprive of hair]  from pilus [hair] 
Ӣ pilian  Դ  pil3e [ȥʹʧȥͷ]  Դ pilus [ͷ] 
and from Old French pillier [to tug, pull, plunder]  from Latin pilleum [felt cap] 
Դ ŷ pillier [ҷ]  Դ  pilleum [ձñ] 
?
peel
peel 2
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[pi8l]
K.K.[pil]
n.ʣ
A long-handled, shovellike tool used by bakers to move bread or pastries into and out of an oven.
ľһʦڱóĲ״
Printing A T-shaped pole used for hanging up freshly printed sheets of paper to dry.
ӡˢ Tθˣһ¸ӡֽɵTθ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pele 
Դ ŷ pele 
from Latin p3a [spade, peel] * see  pag- 
Դ  p3a [ľ] *μ pag- 
?
peel
peel 3
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[pi8l]
K.K.[pil]
n.ʣ
A fortified house or tower of a kind constructed in the borderland of Scotland and England in the 16th century.
կһ16ͽӢո߽شԷֵķݻ
?
Middle English pel [stake, small castle] 
йӢ pel [׮СǱ] 
from Anglo-Norman [stockade] 
Դ Ӣ [Χ] 
variant of Old French [stake] 
 ŷı [׮] 
from Latin p3s * see  pag- 
Դ  p3s *μ pag- 
?
Peel
Peel
AHD:[p?l] Sir Robert (1788-1850) 
D.J.[pi8l]
K.K.[pil]
NONE޴ԣ
British politician. As home secretary (1822-1827 and 1828-1830) he established the London police force (1829) and helped pass the Catholic Emancipation Act (1829). He later served as 
prime minister (1834-1835 and 1841-1846).
Ƥ޲أ(1788-1850) ӢμңΪ(1822-18271828-1830꣩׶ؾ첿(1829꣩ͨͽͷŷ(1829ֵ꣩ѡΪ
(1834-18351841-1846꣩

= =
peep
peep 1
AHD:[p?p] 
D.J.[pi8p]
K.K.[pip]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
peeped,peep.ing,peeps 
To utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a baby bird; cheep.
񷢳֨֨౵ĽĶ̴ϸ֨֨ؽ
To speak in a hesitant, thin, high-pitched voice.
رԹһԥϸ߼˵
n.ʣ
A short, soft, high-pitched sound or utterance, like that of a baby bird.
֨֨һĶ̶Ҹ߼
A slight sound or utterance:
˵
I don't want to hear a peep out of you.
Ҳµ˵
Any of various small North American sandpipers.
κһСı
?
Middle English *pepen 
йӢ *pepen 
probably alteration of pipen 
Ϊ pipenı仯 
from Old English pon [to pipe] 
Դ Ӣ pon [ùִüɤ˵] 
from Old English poe [tube, musical instrument] 
Դ Ӣ poe [ܣ] 
and from Latin po3re} [to peep] * see  pipe 
Դ  po3re} [֨֨] *μ pipe
?
peep
peep 2
AHD:[p?p] 
D.J.[pi8p]
K.K.[pip]
v.ʣ
peeped,peep.ing,peeps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To peek furtively; steal a quick glance.
ӣ͵ٵ͵һ
To peer through a small aperture or from behind something.
͵͸ϸĳ͵͵ؿ
To appear as though emerging from a hiding place:
֣ƺصĵطֳ
the moon peeping through the clouds.
͸Ʋ㻺
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to emerge or become partly visible:
ʹֻ򲿷ֿɼģ
He peeped his head through the door.
ź̽Դ
n.ʣ
A quick or furtive look or glance.
Ƴܿػ͵͵ؿ
A first glimpse or appearance:
һƳ֣
the peep of dawn.

?
Middle English pepen 
йӢ pepen 
perhaps alteration of piken [to peek] * see  peek 
Ϊ pikenı仯 [͵] *μ peek

= =
peer
peer 1
AHD:[p?r] 
D.J.[p!*]
K.K.[p!r]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
peered,peer.ing,peers 
To look intently, searchingly, or with difficulty.See Synonyms at gaze 
ӻۿרĵء̽ػΪѾؿμ gaze
To be partially visible; show:
ˣ֣֣
The moon peered from behind dark clouds.
Ũƺ
?
Middle English piren  probably from Frisian piren 
йӢ piren  Դ  piren 
peren  short for aperen [to appear] * see  appear 
peren   aperenļд [] *μ appear
?
peer
peer 2
AHD:[p?r] 
D.J.[p!*]
K.K.[p!r]
n.ʣ
A person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age:
ͬͬȵˣλ׼൱ˣ
children who are easily influenced by their peers.
ͬӰĺ
A nobleman.

A man who holds a peerage by descent or appointment.
һϮλ
Archaic A companion; a fellow:
 ͬ٭飺
To stray away into these forests drear,/Alone, without a peer(John Keats)
ʧУ¶ް顱(Լô)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French per [equal, peer] 
Դ ŷ per [ͬȵˣͬ] 
from Latin p3r * see  per- 2
Դ  p3r *μ per- 2

= =
pen
pen 1
AHD:[pn] 
D.J.[pen]
K.K.[pWn]
n.ʣ
An instrument for writing or drawing with ink or similar fluid, especially:
ʣһīˮҺд滭Ĺߣǣ
A ballpoint pen.
Բ
A fountain pen.
ˮ
A pen point.
ʼ
A penholder and its pen point.
ʸ˼ʼ
A quill.
ë
An instrument for writing regarded as a means of expression:
ʸӣ﷽ʽдߣ
Tyranny has no enemy so formidable as the pen(William Cobbett)
ֺ˼Ǳǿĵˡ(Ʊ)
A writer or an author:
ңߣ
a hired pen.
ܹ͵
A style of writing:
Ʒ
wrote plays with a witty pen.
ûǵıд籾
pens Pinions.
 pens 
The chitinous internal shell of a squid.
״ǣĿʵڿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
penned,pen.ning,pens 
To write or compose with or as if with a pen.
дûñд׫д
?
Middle English penne 
йӢ penne 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin penna 
Դ  penna 
from Latin [feather] * see  pet- 
Դ  [ë] *μ pet- 
?
penner
n.ʣ
?
pen
pen 2
AHD:[pn] 
D.J.[pen]
K.K.[pWn]
n.ʣ
A fenced enclosure for animals.
һȦΧ
The animals kept in such an enclosure.
Ȧле
Any of various enclosures, such as a bullpen or playpen, used for a variety of purposes.
ΧţϷȵж;Χ
A repair dock for submarines.
ǱͧͣʱõĴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
penned  pent [pnt] pen.ning,pens 
To confine in or as if in a pen.See Synonyms at enclose 
ƱΧвμ enclose
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English penn 
Դ Ӣ penn 
?
pen
pen 3
AHD:[pn] 
D.J.[pen]
K.K.[pWn]
n.ʣ
A female swan.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
pen
pen 4
AHD:[pn] 
D.J.[pen]
K.K.[pWn]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A penitentiary; a prison.

?
Short for penitentiary 
 penitentiaryļд

= =
penalty
pen.al.ty
AHD:[pnl-t?] 
D.J.[6pen*lti8]
K.K.[6pWn*lti]
n.ʣ
 pen.al.ties 
A punishment established by law or authority for a crime or an offense.
ͷ̷ɷɻȨƶĶﷸ򷸷Ϊĳͷ
Something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit for an offense.
ָһǮܴɵĶ
The disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from an action or a condition:
ʧĳΪ״µĲʹĽ
neglected his health and paid the penalty.
彡ʳ
Sports A punishment, handicap, or loss of advantage imposed on a team or competitor for infraction of a rule.
˶ 򣬷֣³жԷӻ˶Աʩӵĳͷϰ
Often penalties Games Points scored in contract bridge by the opponents when the declarer fails to make a bid.
  penalties Ϸ Ʒ֣δܽƶԷķ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a penalty kick; a penalty stroke.
򣬷򣻷
?
Middle English penalte 
йӢ penalte 
from Old French penalite 
Դ ŷ penalite 
from Medieval Latin poen33s} 
Դ  poen33s} 
from Latin poen3s [penal] * see  penal 
Դ  poen3s [ͷ] *μ penal

= =
pencil
pen.cil
AHD:[pnsl] 
D.J.[6pens*l]
K.K.[6pWns*l]
n.ʣ
A narrow, generally cylindrical implement for writing, drawing, or marking, consisting of a thin rod of graphite, colored wax, or similar substance encased in wood or held in a mechanical 
holder.
Ǧʣһд滭ǡխҴԲ״ĹߣɰľͷееϸʯīɫƵ
Something shaped or used like a pencil, especially a narrow medicated or cosmetic stick:
ָҩװõϸȱεĻһõĶ
an eyebrow pencil.
ü
A style or technique in drawing or delineating.
񣬼ɣ滭еķ
Descriptive skill:
дļɣ
His characters are drawn with a strong pencil(Henry Hallam)
ԸԾȻֽϡ(ķ)
An artist's brush, especially a fine one.
ϸʣָϸʵҵĻ
Physics A beam of radiant energy in the form of a narrow cone or cylinder.
ѧ ׶խԲ׶ԲεķԹ
Mathematics A family of geometric objects, such as lines, that have a common property, such as passage through a given line in a given plane.
ѧ һйͬʵ壬һߵ֪ƽϴһֱ֪ߵļͼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pen.ciled Ҳ pen.cilled pen.cil.ing pen.cil.ling pen.cils pen.cils  
To write or produce by using a pencil.
Ǧд򻭳
To mark or color with or as if with a pencil.
ǦɫûǦдɫ
?
Middle English pencel [artist's brush] 
йӢ pencel [ҵĻ] 
from Old French pincel, peincel 
Դ ŷ pincel, peincel 
from Vulgar Latin *p?s 
Դ  *p?s 
alteration of Latin p?s [diminutive of] p?niculus [diminutive of] p?nis [tail, brush] * see  pes- 
  p?  [] p?niculusС׺  [] p?nisС׺ [β״ˢ] *μ pes- 
?
penciler  
penciller
n.ʣ

= =
pendulum
pen.du.lum
AHD:[pnj-lm, pndy-, pnd-] 
D.J.[6pend9*l*m, 6pendj*-, 6pend*-]
K.K.[6pWnd9*l*m, 6pWndj*-, 6pWnd*-]
n.ʣ
A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices, especially clocks.Also called  
simple pendulum 
ڣһ̶ĿӰذڶİ壬ͨڵУӵȸҲ  simple pendulum
Something that swings back and forth from one course, opinion, or condition to another:
ĳһ·ߡ뷨̬ذڶĶ
the pendulum of public opinion.
仯
?
New Latin 
ִ 
probably from Italian pendolo [pendulous, pendulum] 
Դ  pendolo [ɴģӰ] 
from Latin pendulus [hanging] * see  pendulous 
Դ  pendulus [] *μ pendulous

= =
penetrate
pen.e.trate
AHD:[pn1-tr3t] 
D.J.[6pen!7tre!t]
K.K.[6pWn!7tret]
v.ʣ
pen.e.trat.ed,pen.e.trat.ing,pen.e.trates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enter or force a way into; pierce.
룬͸ʹ룻
To enter into and permeate:
룺͸
The insistent rhythm of piano practice penetrated each room of the house.
ٵĳɻصӵÿ
To cause to be permeated or diffused; steep.
ݣʹ͸ɢʪ͸
To insert the penis into the vagina or anus of.
롭
To enter (an organization, for example), usually surreptitiously, so as to gain influence or information; infiltrate.
룬Ǳ룺루磬һ֯ԱȡʵϢǱ
To enter and gain a share of (a market):
룺루гȡãгֶ 
penetrated the home-computer market with an affordable new model.
Դڿɳܵ»ʹõг
To grasp the inner significance of; understand.
ϤˣҪԣ
To see through:
͸͸
keen eyes that penetrate the darkness.
ܿ͸ڰ۾
To affect deeply, as by piercing the consciousness or emotions.
Ⱦжͨʶж
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pierce or enter into something; make a way in or through something.
͸ĳ򴩹ĳ
To gain admittance or access.
룬룺õ׼Ȩ׼
To gain insight.
Ϥö
?
Latin penetr3e  penetr3t- 
 penetr3e  penetr3t- 
from penitus [deeply] 
Դ penitus [] 
?
penetrator
n.ʣ

= =
peninsula
pen.in.su.la
AHD:[p-n1nsy-l, -s-l] 
D.J.[p*6n!nsj*l*, -s*l*]
K.K.[p*6n!nsj*l*, -s*l*]
n.ʣ
A piece of land that projects into a body of water and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus.
뵺һͻˮԵϿʹ½½
?
Latin paenoa 
 paenoa 
paene [almost] 
paene [] oa [island] oa [] 
?
peninsular
adj.ݴʣ

= =
penny
pen.ny
AHD:[pn?] 
D.J.[6peni8]
K.K.[6pWni]
n.ʣ
 pen.nies 
A unit of currency in Ireland and the United Kingdom.See table at currency 
ʿһְӢĻҵλμ currency
Abbr. p.In the United States and Canada, the coin that is worth one cent.
д p.֣һͼôֵ1ֵӲ
pl. pence[pns]  
 pence[pns]  
Abbr. p.A coin used in Great Britain since 1971, worth !/100 of a pound.Also called  new penny 
д p.ʿһ1971Ӣʹõֵͬ!/100ӲҲ  new penny
Abbr. d.A coin formerly used in Great Britain, worth !/12 of a shilling or !/240 of a pound.
д d.ʿһֵͬһ!/12һ!/240ӢӲ
Any of various coins of small denomination.
κСӲ
A sum of money.
һǮ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
۸Ϊһʿģͨһʣ
a penny arcade; penny candy.
һʿֳһʿǹ
?
pretty penny
A considerable sum of money:
һǮ
I paid a pretty penny for that ring.
һһǮǸָ
?
Middle English [an English coin] 
йӢ [ӢӲ] 
from Old English penig 
Դ Ӣ penig 

= =
pension
pension 1
AHD:[pnshn] 
D.J.[6pen.*n]
K.K.[6pWn.*n]
n.ʣ
A sum of money paid regularly as a retirement benefit or by way of patronage.
ݽ𣬸һΪݻȡǮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pen.sioned,pen.sion.ing,pen.sions 
To grant a pension to.
Ͻ
To retire or dismiss with a pension:
Ͻʹݻͣ
Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers(E.J. Dionne, Jr.)
һЩũЩ곤ĻЧʵµũȡݽݡ(СE.J.)
?
Middle English pensioun [payment] 
йӢ pensioun [֧Ŀ] 
from Old French pension 
Դ ŷ pension 
from Latin p??}  p?nsi?n- 
Դ  p??}  p?nsi?n- 
from p?s [past participle of] pendere [to weigh, pay] * see  (s)pen- 
Դ p?s  [] pendereĹȥִ [] *μ (s)pen- 
?
pensionable
adj.ݴʣ
?
pension
pension 2
AHD:[p?-sy?] 
D.J.[p$806sj%80]
K.K.[p$06sj%0]
n.ʣ
A boarding house or small hotel in Europe:
޹Ԣŷ޴½޵ĹԢСùݣ
A pension had somewhat less to offer than a hotel; it was always smaller, and never elegant; it sometimes offered breakfast, and sometimes not(John Irving)
޹Ԣṩķùôƣһ˵СҲʱṩͶʱṩ(Լŷ)
Accommodations or the payment for accommodations, especially at a boarding house or small hotel in Europe.
޷ѣָŷ޴½޹ԢСù֧޵Ŀ
Room and board.

?
French 
 
from Old French [payment] * see  pension 1
Դ ŷ [֧Ŀ] *μ pension1

= =
people
peo.ple
AHD:[p?pl] 
D.J.[6pi8p*l]
K.K.[6pip*l]
n.ʣ
 people 
Human beings considered as a group or in indefinite numbers:
ࣺ򲻶ࣺ
People were dancing in the street. I met all sorts of people.
ڽ衣˸ָ
A body of persons living in the same country under one national government; a nationality.
ͬסͬһҡͬһϽһЩˣ
pl. peo.ples A body of persons sharing a common religion, culture, language, or inherited condition of life.
 peo.ples 壺йͬڽĻԻ̳ͬһ˵Ⱥ
Persons with regard to their residence, class, profession, or group:
ͬˣͬľסء׼ְҵȺϵһˣ
city people.

The mass of ordinary persons; the populace. Used withthe : 
ڣƽ˵Ⱥ壻ڡthe ã 
those who fear and distrust the people, and wish to draw all powers from them into the hands of the higher classes(Thomas Jefferson)
ЩҲȺڵˣеȨеϲ׼ϡ(˹ܸѷ)
The citizens of a political unit, such as a nation or a state; the electorate. Used withthe.  
ĳһһҵĳԱѡthe  
Persons subordinate to or loyal to a ruler, a superior, or an employer:
Ͻƻҳĳһͳߡ˾ˣ
The queen showed great compassion for her people.
Ůĳʴ
Family, relatives, or ancestors.
ˣݣ
Informal Animals or other beings distinct from human beings:
ʽ Ķ飺
Rabbits and squirrels are the furry, little people of the woods.
Ӻɭë׵С
v.tr.ﶯʣ
peo.pled,peo.pling,peo.ples 
To furnish with or as if with people; populate.
ܣֲƺֲˣס
?
Middle English peple 
йӢ peple 
from Old French pueple 
Դ ŷ pueple 
from Latin populus 
Դ  populus 
[of Etruscan origin] 
[Դ³] 
?
peopler
n.ʣ
?
Used as a pluralpeople  is a form with no exactly corresponding singular.  (English is not odd in this respect:the equivalent word is anomalous in Spanish, Italian, Russian, and many 
other languages.)In the past, grammarians have sometimes insisted thatpeople  is a collective noun that should not be used as a substitute forpersons  when referring to a specific 
number of individuals, as inSix people were arrested.  Butpeople  has always been used in such contexts, and the distinction is now so widely ignored in general writingthat it seems 
pedantic to insist on it.Persons is still preferred in quasilegal contexts, however, as inVehicles containing fewer than three persons may not use the left lane during rush hours.  Only 
the singularperson  is used in compounds involving a specific numeral:  
People ʱȷеĵʽ ڴ˷Ӣǲ̶ģӦĴǲġȥ﷨ѧ˵people Ǽʣ 
ضpersons  ˱ С people У һбˣټԵöࡣPersons 
Զ౻ڷԵﾳУ ڽͨ߷˵ʹе  ֻеperson ĿйصĸϴУ  
a six-person car;

a two-person show. 
ݳ 
Butpeople  is used in other compounds: people mover; people power.  These examples are exceptions to the general rule that plural nouns cannot be used in such compounds;note that 
we do not sayteethpaste  or books-burning.  See Usage Note at man 
people ҲϴУ people moverpeople power  ЩǸʲڸϴʵĹעǲ˵teethpaste  books-burning  μ 
man

= =
pepper
pep.per
AHD:[ppr] 
D.J.[6pep*]
K.K.[6pWp+]
n.ʣ
Black pepper.
ں
Any of several plants of the genusPiper,  as cubeb, betel, and kava. 
ֲκһֺ ֲѡӺͿߺ 
Any of several tropical American, cultivated forms ofCapsicum frutescens  or C. annuum , having podlike, many-seeded, variously colored berries. 
޺κһȴ״С   ɫʸĶ״ѵ 
The podlike fruit of any of these plants, varying in size, shape, and degree of pungency, with the milder types including the bell pepper and pimiento, and the more pungent types 
including the cherry pepper.
״κһж״ʵĴֲС״̶Ȳȣζº͵İϴ̼ӣҽ
Any of various condiments made from the more pungent varieties ofCapsicum frutescens,  such as cayenne pepper, tabasco pepper, and chili. Also called  hot pepper 
ϣκһζ ƳɵĵζƷۡͺ͸ Ҳ  hot pepper
Baseball A warm-up exercise in which players standing a short distance from a batter field the ball and toss it to the batter, who hits each toss back to the fielders.Also called  pepper 
game 
 ů˶һ˶˶ԱվڻֵĽͶ֣ٽͶظضӶԱҲ  pepper game
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pep.pered,pep.per.ing,pep.pers 
To season or sprinkle with pepper.
úζԺ
To sprinkle liberally; dot.
䣻ɢ
To shower with or as if with small missiles.See Synonyms at barrage 2
裺ûСμ barrage2
To make (a speech, for example) lively and vivid with wit or invective.
ʹãʹ˵ǻ
?
Middle English peper 
йӢ peper 
from Old English pipor 
Դ Ӣ pipor 
from Latin piper 
Դ  piper 
from Greek peperi 
Դ ϣ peperi 
from Sanskrit pippalo} 
Դ  pippalo} 
from pippalam [pepper tree] 
Դ pippalam [] 

= =
per
Important derivatives are: far,paramount,paradise,for,forth,afford,further,foremost,former2 
first,prow,protein,proton,fore,forefather,before,from,furnish,veneer,purchase,prone,reciprocal,approach,reproach,approximate,probable,probe,proof,prove,approve,improve,pre
-,private,privilege,privy,deprive,proper,property,appropriate,premier,primal,primary,primate,prime,primitive,prince,principal,principle,pristine,priest
ҪΪ far,paramount,paradise,for,forth,afford,further,foremost,former2 
first,prow,protein,proton,fore,forefather,before,from,furnish,veneer,purchase,prone,reciprocal,approach,reproach,approximate,probable,probe,proof,prove,approve,improve,pre
-,private,privilege,privy,deprive,proper,property,appropriate,premier,primal,primary,primate,prime,primitive,prince,principal,principle,pristine,priest
Base of prepositions and preverbs with the basic meanings of forward, through, and a wide range of extended senses such as in front of, before, early, first, 
chief, toward, against, near, at, around.
ڡǰǰ ԽĽʺͶǰǰ׺Ļ˼͸⣬ ڡǰ, ڡ֮ǰ, , һ, Ҫ, 򣬶, 
ԣ, ӽ, ڡط, ڡΧĴ.
Basic form*per  and extended form *peri . 
ʽ*per ʽ *peri . 
turnverein , from Middle High German  vereinen , to unite, from Old High German  far- ; 
turnverein , Դ йŸߵص  vereinen , , Դ Ÿߵص  far- ; 
veer 2 , from Middle Dutch  vieren , to let out, slacken; 
veer 2 , Դ йź  vieren , й©, ; 
(seeghend- ) Germanic  compound *fer-getan , to lose one's hold, forget. 
μghend-) ն ϴ *fer-getan , ʧȥĳ˵֧, . 
frump , from Middle Dutch  verrompelen , to wrinkle. a, b, c,  and d  all from Germanic  *fer- , *far- , used chiefly as an intensive prefix denoting destruction, reversal, or completion. 
frump , Դ йź  verrompelen , . a, b, c,  d Դ ն  *fer- , *far- , Ҫǿǰ׺Ϊƻ, ת, . 
Suffixed (comparative) form*per-ero- , farther away. far , from Old English  feor(r) , far, from Germanic  *fer(e)ra . 
Ӻ׺ģȽϼʽ*per-ero- , ңԶ. far , Դ Ӣ  feor(r) , Զ, Դ ն  *fer(e)ra . 
per , per- ; paramount , paramour , parget , parvenu , from Latin  per , through, for, by. 
per , per- ; paramount , paramour , parget , parvenu , Դ   per , , , . 
peri- ; perissodactyl , from Greek  peri , around, near, beyond. 
peri- ; perissodactyl , Դ ϣ  peri , ڸ, ӽ, Ǳ. 
paradise , from Avestan  pairi- , around; 
paradise , Դ ά˹  pairi- , ; 
purdah , from Old Persian  pari , around, over; 
purdah , Դ Ų˹  pari , ڡΧ, ڡ֮; 
(seewer- ) Old Iranian  *pari-v3- , protective. a, b,  and c  all from Old Iranian  *pari- , around. 
μwer-)   *pari-v3- , . a, b,  c Դ   *pari- , ڡΧ. 
perestroika , from Old Russian  pere- , around, again, from Slavic  *per- . 
perestroika , Դ Ŷ˹  pere- , ڡΧ, , Դ ˹  *per- . 
Zero-grade form*p- . 
㼶ʽ*p- . 
for , from Old English  for , before, instead of, on account of; 
for , Դ Ӣ  for , ڡ֮ǰ, , Ϊ; 
for- , from Old English  for- , prefix denoting destruction, pejoration, exclusion, or completion. Both a  and b  from Germanic  *fur , before, in. 
for- , Դ Ӣ  for- , ǰ׺Ϊƻ, , ų, . a  b Դ ն  *fur , ڡ֮ǰ, ڡ֮. 
Extended form*p- . forth ; afford , from Old English  forth , from Germanic  *furth- , forward. 
ʽ*p- . forth ; afford , Դ Ӣ  forth , Դ ն  *furth- , ǰ. 
Suffixed (comparative) form*p- . further , from Old English  furthra , furthor , farther away, from Germanic  *furthera- . 
Ӻ׺ģȽϼʽ*p- . further , Դ Ӣ  furthra , furthor , Զ, Դ ն  *furthera- . 
Compound*p-  (or *por-st-i- , with o-grade form *por- ), that which stands before, stake, post (see st3- ); 
ϴ*p-   *por-st-i- , Oʽ *por- ), վڡ֮ǰ, ľ,  μ st3-); 
porrect , from Latin  por- , forth, forward. Both a  and b  from Latin  por-  from *p- . 
porrect , Դ   por- , ǰ, ǰ. a  b Դ   por-  Դ *p- . 
Suffixed form*p?d} . parget , from Latin  porr?} , forward. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*p?d} . parget , Դ   porr?} ,ǰ. 
Extended zero-grade form*p-} . 
㼶ʽ*p-} . 
Suffixed (superlative) form*p-mo-} . 
Ӻ׺ģ߼ʽ*p-mo-} . 
foremost , former 2 , from Old English  forma , first, foremost, from Germanic  *fruma- , *furma- ; 
foremost , former 2 , Դ Ӣ  forma , , ǰ, Դ ն  *fruma- , *furma- ; 
(seeed- ) Latin  compound prandium , first meal, late breakfast, lunch (probably N *pr3m  N *pm-(e)d-yo-} ; second element *-(e)d- , to eat). 
μed-)  ϴ prandium , һٷ, ųԵ緹,  Ϊ N *pr3m  N *pm-(e)d-yo-} ; ڶԪ *-(e)d- , to eat). 
Suffixed (superlative) form*p-isto-} . first , from Old English  fyrst , fyrest , first, from Germanic  *furista- , foremost. 
Ӻ׺ģ߼ʽ*p-isto-} . first , Դ Ӣ  fyrst , fyrest , ȣһ, Դ ն  *furista- , ǰ. 
Suffixed form*p-wo-} . 
Ӻ׺ʽ*p-wo-} . 
prow , from Greek  pr?a , forward part of a ship, from analogically suffixed form *pr?a ; 
prow , Դ ϣ  pr?a , ǰ, ƵԴӺ׺ʽ *pr?a ; 
protein , protist , proto- , proton , from Greek  pr?s , first, foremost, from suffixed (superlative) form *pr?- . Both a  and b  from Greek  *pr?- , first, foremost. 
protein , protist , proto- , proton , Դ ϣ  pr?s , һ, ǰ, ԴӺ׺ģ߼ʽ *pr?- . a  b Դ ϣ  *pr?- , һ, ǰ. 
Suffixed form*p-i} . arpent , from Latin  arepennis , half-acre (second element obscure), from Gaulish  ari  (combining form are- ), before, from Celtic  *(p)ari , *are . 
Ӻ׺ʽ*p-i} . arpent , Դ   arepennis , Ķ ڶԪģ, Դ ¬  ari  ʽ are- ),ڡ֮ǰ, Դ   *(p)ari , *are . 
Extended form*p} . 
ʽ*p} . 
fore , fore- ; ( forefather ), from Old English  fore , for , before; 
fore , fore- ; ( forefather ), Դ Ӣ  fore , for , ǰ; 
vorlage , from Old High German  fora , before; 
vorlage , Դ Ÿߵص  fora , ڡ֮ǰ; 
before , from Old English  beforan , before, from Germanic  prefixed and suffixed form *bi-fora-na , in the front ( *bi- , at, by; see ambhi ). a, b,  and c  all from Germanic  *fura , before. 
before , Դ Ӣ  beforan , ڡ֮ǰ, Դ ն  ǰ׺ͺ׺ʽ *bi-fora-na , ǰ ( *bi- , , ; μ ambhi). a, b,  c Դ ն  *fura , ڡ֮ǰ. 
para- 1 ; palfrey , from Greek  para , beside, alongside of, beyond. 
para- 1 ; palfrey , Դ ϣ  para , ڡԱ, šԱ, . 
Extended form*pr} . 
ʽ*pr} . 
fro ; ( froward ), from Old Norse  fr3} , from, from Germanic  *fra , forward, away from; 
fro ; ( froward ), Դ ˹ά  fr3} , ӣ, Դ ն  *fra , ǰ, Զ; 
(seeed-, ?ik- ) Germanic *fra- , completely. 
μed-, ?ik-) Germanic *fra- , ȫ. 
Suffixed form*pr- . 
Ӻ׺ʽ*pr- . 
from , from Old English  from , from, from Germanic  *fram , from; 
from , Դ Ӣ  from , , Դ ն  *fram , ; 
furnish , veneer , from Old French  f(o)urnir , to supply, provide, from Germanic  derivative verb *frumjan , to further, from Germanic  *frum , forward; 
furnish , veneer , Դ ŷ  f(o)urnir , , ṩ, Դ ն   *frumjan , ٽ, Դ ն  *frum , forward; 
pram 2 , from Czech  prm , raft. 
pram 2 , Դ ݿ  prm , ͧ. 
Suffixed form*pr?- . Frau , ( Fr?ulein ), from Old High German  frouwa , lady, from Germanic  *fr??-} , lady, lengthened-grade feminine of *frawan- , lord. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*pr?- . Frau , ( Fr?ulein ), Դ Ÿߵص  frouwa , Ůʿ, Դ ն  *fr??-} , Ůʿ, *frawan- ı䳤Դ, . 
Suffixed form*pr?- . naprapathy , from Slavic  prav?} , right. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*pr?- . naprapathy , Դ ˹  prav?} , ȷģõ. 
pro 1 , pro- 1 , ( proud ); ( improve ), purchase , from Latin  pr?} , pr- , before, for, instead of. 
pro 1 , pro- 1 , ( proud ); ( improve ), purchase , Դ   pr?} , pr- , ڡ֮ǰ, Ϊ, . 
Suffixed form*pr?- . prone , from Latin  pr?s , leaning forward. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*pr?- . prone , Դ   pr?s , ǰб. 
Possible suffixed form*pro-ko- . reciprocal , from Latin  compound reciprocus , alternating, backward and forward ( *re-ko- , backward; see re- ). 
ΪӺ׺ʽ*pro-ko- . reciprocal , Դ  ϴ reciprocus ,, ػأء ( *re-ko- , ; μ re-). 
Suffixed adverb*pro-k we . 
Ӻ׺ĸ*pro-k we . 
approach , ( rapprochement ), reproach , from Latin  prope , near; 
approach , ( rapprochement ), reproach , Դ   prope , ӽ; 
suffixed form*prok w-ink wo- . propinquity , from Latin  propinquus , near; 
Ӻ׺ʽ*prok w-ink wo- . propinquity , Դ   propinquus , ; 
suffixed (superlative) form*prok w-samo- . proximate ; approximate , from Latin  proximus , nearest. 
Ӻ׺ģ߼ʽ*prok w-samo- . proximate ; approximate , Դ   proximus , . 
Compound*pro-bhw-o- , growing well or straightforward ( *bhw-o- , to grow; see bheu- ). ( probable ), probe , probity , ( proof ), prove ; approve , improbity , ( reprove ), from Latin  
probus , upright, good, virtuous. 
ϴ*pro-bhw-o- , õĻֱ ( *bhw-o- , ; μ bheu-). ( probable ), probe , probity , ( proof ), prove ; approve , improbity , ( reprove ), Դ   probus , ʵ, 
, Ʒµ. 
pro- 2 , from Greek  pro , before, in front, forward. 
pro- 2 , Դ ϣ  pro , ڡ֮ǰ, ǰ, ǰ. 
Suffixed (comparative) form*pro-tero- . hysteron proteron , Proterozoic , from Greek  proteros , before, former. 
Ӻ׺ģȽϼʽ*pro-tero- . hysteron proteron , Proterozoic , Դ ϣ  proteros , ǰ, ǰ. 
Prakrit , from Sanskrit  pra- , before, forth. 
Prakrit , Դ   pra- , ǰ,ǰ. 
(seew?ro- ) Celtic  *ro- , intensive prefix, in *ro-wero- , sufficiency. 
μw?ro-)   *ro- , ǿǰ׺, in *ro-wero- , . 
Extended forms*prai- , *prei- . 
ʽ*prai- , *prei- . 
pre- ; preterit , from Latin  prae , before. 
pre- ; preterit , Դ   prae , ڡ֮ǰ. 
Suffixed (comparative) form*prei-yos- . prior 2 , from Latin  prior , former, higher, superior. 
Ӻ׺ģȽϼʽ*prei-yos- . prior 2 , Դ   prior , ǰߵ, ߵ, ϸߵ. 
Suffixed form*prei-wo- . 
Ӻ׺ʽ*prei-wo- . 
private , privilege , privity , privy ; deprive , from Latin  pros , single, alone (N standing in front, isolated from others); 
private , privilege , privity , privy ; deprive , Դ   pros , , ¶ (N ǰվŵ, ͱ˷ġ); 
proper , property ; appropriate , proprioception , proprioceptor , from Latin  proprius , one's own, particular (N pr?}  pro?} , in particular, from the ablative of pros , single; pr?} , for; see V. 
5 .). 
proper , property ; appropriate , proprioception , proprioceptor , Դ   proprius , ĳԼ, е (N pr?}  pro?} , ر, Դ pros Ķ, ; pr?} , Ϊ; 
 V. 5 .). 
Extended form*preis- . 
ʽ*preis- . 
Suffixed (superlative) form*preis-mo- . 
Ӻ׺ģ߼ʽ*preis-mo- . 
premier , primal , primary , primate , prime , primitive , primo , primus ; imprimis , primavera 1 , primeval , primipara , primogenitor , primogeniture , primordial , from Latin  pros  (N 
*pros ; ablative plural proos} ), first, foremost; 
premier , primal , primary , primate , prime , primitive , primo , primus ; imprimis , primavera 1 , primeval , primipara , primogenitor , primogeniture , primordial , Դ   pros  (N 
*pros ; ĸ proos} ), һ, ǰ; 
prince , principal , principle , from Latin  compound pros , he who takes first place, leader, chief, emperor ( -ceps , -taker; see kap- ); 
prince , principal , principle , Դ  ϴ pros , ռݵһλõ, 쵼, , ʵ ( -ceps , áߡ; μ kap-); 
suffixed form*preis-tano- . pristine , from Latin  pros , former, earlier, original. 
Ӻ׺ʽ*preis-tano- . pristine , Դ   pros , ǰ, ڵ, . 
Extended form*pres-  in compound *pres-g wu- , going before ( *g w-u- , going; see g w3- ). presbyter , ( priest ); presbyopia , from Greek  presbus , old, old man, elder. 
ʽ*pres- ڸϴ *pres-g wu- ֮, ǰġ ( *g w-u- , ȥչ; μ gw3- ). presbyter , ( priest ); presbyopia , Դ ϣ  presbus , ϵ, , 곤. 
Extended form*proti . pros- , from Greek  pros , against, toward, near, at. 
ʽ*proti . pros- , Դ ϣ  pros , , , , . 
?
Pokorny 2. A.per  810. 
ƶ2. A.per  810. 
?
?
per
per
AHD:[p?r] 
D.J.[pT8]
K.K.[pP]
prep.Abbr. p.ʣд p.
To, for, or by each; for every:
ÿһÿԡΪͨÿһÿһ
Gasoline once cost 40 cents per gallon.
ÿ40
Usage Problem According to; by:
÷ѡ ݣգ
Changes were made to the manuscript per the author's instructions.
ߵʾָ˸Ķ
By means of; through.
ɣԡʽͨ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
For each one; apiece:
ÿһأΪÿһÿÿˣ
sold the cookies for one dollar per.
һԪһ
Per hour:
ÿСʱأ
was driving at 60 miles per.
ÿСʱ60Ӣٶȿ
?
Latin * see  per 1
 *μ per 1
?
Per  is appropriately used in the description of ratios (  
Per (  
five miles per day;
five miles per day;
20 dollars per person). 
20 dollars per person) 
In its more general use to mean according to (as inper the terms of the contract ), it is best reserved for business and legal communications,unless the writer seeks a tone of jocular 
formality.
ձ˼ǡݡ per the terms of the contract ) ҵͷɽѰһֻʽ

= =
perceive
per.ceive
AHD:[pr-s?v] 
D.J.[p*6si8v]
K.K.[p+6siv]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
per.ceived,per.ceiv.ing,per.ceives 
To become aware of directly through any of the senses, especially sight or hearing.
ʶͨκһָй٣ָӾֱʶ
To achieve understanding of; apprehend.See Synonyms at see 1
⣺öԡ⣻μ see1
?
Middle English perceiven 
йӢ perceiven 
from Old French perceivre 
Դ ŷ perceivre 
from Latin percipere 
Դ  percipere 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺] 
capere [to seize] * see  kap- 
capere [ץס] *μ kap- 
?
perceivable
adj.ݴʣ
perceivably
adv.ʣ
perceiver
n.ʣ

= =
percent
percent Ҳ per cent
AHD:[pr-snt] 
D.J.[p*6sent]
K.K.[p+6sWnt]
adv.Abbr. p.c.,pct.ʣд p.c.,pct.
Out of each hundred; per hundred.
ٷ֮ÿһ٣ÿһ
n.ʣ
pl. percentalso per cent  One part in a hundred:
 percent Ҳ per cent  ٷ֮һһеһݣ
The report states that 42 percent of the alumni contributed to the endowment.Also called  per centum 
˵аٷ֮ʮУӦ˾Ҳ  per centum
pl. percents A percentage or portion:
 percents ٷֱȻһ֣
She has invested a large percent of her salary.
ѹʵĴ󲿷Ͷ
percents Chiefly British Public securities yielding interest at a specified percentage.
 percents Ӣ й̶ʵĹծضٷֱϢĹ֤ȯ
adj.ݴʣ
Paying or demanding interest at a specified percentage:
֧ϢģȡϢģضٷ֧ҪϢģ
a 5? percent checking account.
5?ȡ֧Ʊʻ
?
From per cent. 
Դ per cent. 
abbreviation of per centum [by the hundred] 
 per centumд [] 
per [per] * see  per 
per [ÿ] *μ per
centum [hundred] * see  dek? 
centum [] *μ dek? 
?
Statistically speaking,a quantity can be increased by any percentage but cannot be decreased by more than 100 percent.Once pollution has been reduced by 100 percent, for example, it 
ceases to exist,and no further reduction is possible.In defiance of this logic, however, advertisers sometimes refer toa 150 percent decrease in lost luggage or  a new dental rinse that 
reduces plaque on teeth by over 300 percent.  On reflection,it is possible to infer the intended meaning in these examplespresumably the rinse is three times as effective as some 
other tooth-cleaning procedurebut the ostensible claim is logically nonsensical,and the phrasing serves mostly to obscure the fact that the standard of comparison has not been made 
explicit.The latter phrase was unacceptable to 66 percent of the Usage Panel.
ͳѧ˵԰ܰٷ֮һٵı١磬һȾٰٷ֮٣ͻʧҲͲٻκνһٵĿˡȻ
ʱֹɶʧ½˰ٷ֮һ  һˬڼ˰ٷ֮١  ӹڵķӦ˵ƶЩ˼ٶˬ
ݴʩЧֱ˵ȴǲ߼ģҶôģ˱Ƚϱ׼вʵһǰٷ֮ʮ÷СԱܽܵ

= =
percentage
per.cent.age
AHD:[pr-snt1j] 
D.J.[p*6sent!d9]
K.K.[p+6sWnt!d9]
n.ʣ
A fraction or ratio with 100 understood as the denominator; for example, 0.98 equals a percentage of 98.
ٷֱȣ100Ϊĸķʣ磬0.98ڰٷ֮ʮ
The result obtained by multiplying a quantity by a percent.
ͨһٷֱȵõĽ
A proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part:
֣ʣйصһ򲿷֣һ֣
The hecklers constituted only a small percentage of the audience.
ֻһС
An amount, such as an allowance, a duty, or a commission, that varies in proportion to a larger sum, such as total sales:
Ӷ𣬽ڱ۶һϴܶ˰Ӷ۶
work for a percentage.
ȡӶ
Informal Advantage; gain:
ʽ ô棺
There is no percentage in work without pay.
֧нˮĹ
?
Percentage,  when preceded by the,  takes a singular verb: 
Percentage  the ʱ õζʣ 
The percentage of unskilled workers is small. 
ıС 
When preceded bya,  it takes either a singular or plural verb,depending on the number of the noun in the prepositional phrase that follows: 
a ʱ öʵʽɺĽʶʵ 
A small percentage of the workers are unskilled.
Ƿ
A large percentage of the crop has spoiled. 
󲿷ׯڱ 

= =
perception
per.cep.tion
AHD:[pr-spshn] 
D.J.[p*6sep.*n]
K.K.[p+6sWp.*n]
n.ʣ
The process, act, or faculty of perceiving.
̡֪֪Ϊ
The effect or product of perceiving.
֪֪Ч
Psychology 
ѧ 
Recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli based chiefly on memory.
ҪڼϵʶͶԸо̼
The neurological processes by which such recognition and interpretation are effected.
ʶЧӦľ
Insight, intuition, or knowledge gained by perceiving.
ֱ֪֪ͨõ֪ʶ
The capacity for such insight.

?
Middle English percepcioun 
йӢ percepcioun 
from Old French percepcion 
Դ ŷ percepcion 
from Latin percepti?}  percepti?n- 
Դ  percepti?}  percepti?n- 
from perceptus [past participle of] percipere [to perceive] * see  perceive 
Դ perceptus  [] percipereĹȥִ [۲] *μ perceive
?
perceptional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
perfect
per.fect
AHD:[p?rf1kt] 
D.J.[6pT8f!kt]
K.K.[6pPf!kt]
adj.Abbr. perf.ݴʣд perf.
Lacking nothing essential to the whole; complete of its nature or kind.
ģȱģ˵ȱκҪֵģʻ걸
Being without defect or blemish:
ģƵģδ𺦻۵ģ
a perfect specimen.
ı걾
Thoroughly skilled or talented in a certain field or area; proficient.
վտģĳȫмܵģ
Completely suited for a particular purpose or situation:
ʵģȫʺĳضĿģ
She was the perfect actress for the part.
ɫѡ
Completely corresponding to a description, standard, or type:
Ϻ׼ģȫĳһ׼͵ģ
a perfect circle; a perfect gentleman.
׼Բʮʿ
Accurately reproducing an original:
ȷģȷظһԭģ
a perfect copy of the painting.
ıġ
Complete; thorough; utter:
ģ׵ģȫģ׵ģȫȻģ
a perfect fool.
ʮɵ
Pure; undiluted; unmixed:
ӵģģδϡ͵ģϵģ
perfect red.

Excellent and delightful in all respects:
ģϺģ涼˸˵ģ
a perfect day.
õһ
Botany Having both stamens and pistils in the same flower; monoclinous.
ֲѧ ͬģʹͬһ仨ϵģͬ
Grammar Of, relating to, or constituting a verb form expressing action completed prior to a fixed point of reference in time.
﷨ ɵģڡڻ򹹳ɱʾĳһضʱɶĶʱ̬
Music 
֡ 
Designating the three basic intervals of the octave, fourth, and fifth.
ȫ̵ģָȡȡͣٵ
Designating a cadence or chord progression from the dominant to the tonic at the end of a phrase or piece of music.
ȫֹģ»βָɵĺҵ
n.Abbr. perf.ʣд perf.
Grammar The perfect tense.
﷨ ʽʱ̬
A verb or verb form in the perfect tense.
ʵʽʱ̬Ķʻ򶯴ʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
per.fect.ed,per.fect.ing,per.fects[pr-fkt]  
To bring to perfection or completion.
ʹʹȫ
?
Middle English perfit 
йӢ perfit 
from Old French parfit 
Դ ŷ parfit 
from Latin perfectus [past participle of] perficere [to finish] 
Դ  perfectus  [] perficereĹȥִ [] 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ȫ] 
facere [to do] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
perfecter
n.ʣ
perfectness
n.ʣ
?
perfect,consummate,faultless,flawless,impeccable
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being wholly without flaw: 
Щݴʹͬ˼Ϊȫû覴õġ 
a perfect diamond;
覵ʯ
a consummate performer;
ıߣ
faultless logic;
иɻ߼
a flawless instrumental technique;
ûȱݵݼգ
speaks impeccable French. imperfect 
˵иɻķ imperfect
?
Perfect  has often been described as an absolute term like chief  and prime,  hence not allowing modification bymore, quite, relatively,  and other qualifiers of degree. But the 
qualification ofperfect  has numerous reputable precedents (most notably in the preamble to the U.S. Constitution in the phrasein order to form a more perfect Union ). What is more, 
the stricture is philosophically dubious.There can be no mathematically perfect forms in nature;therefore to say that any actual circle is perfectcan mean only that it approximates 
the geometric ideal of circularity,a quality that it can obviously have to a greater or lesser degree.By the same token,perfect  freely allows comparison in examples such as There could 
be no more perfect spot for the picnic,  where it is used to mean ideal for the purposes.See Usage Note at complete ,equal ,parallel ,unique 
Perfect  chief  prime ľ ˲ܸmorequiterelatively δʼ̶޶ʡ Ƕperfect ޶д淶ǰδ ͻ
ܷԲ֡in order to form a more perfect Union ) ǣ޶ѧ˵ģġȻвѧ׼ʽҪ˵κμȶԲǡԵ
ֻζŽ״̬ļԲȻֻǻپ߱ԡͬأperfect һЩ ǶӦǸʺҰ͵ĵط Ƚϣ ˴Ϊﵽ
ͼ뷽ʽμ complete,equal,parallel,unique

= =
perfection
per.fec.tion
AHD:[pr-fkshn] 
D.J.[p*6fek.*n]
K.K.[p+6fWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being perfect.
ʻ״̬
The act or process of perfecting:
ɵΪ̣
Perfection of the invention took years.
һҪܶ
A person or thing considered to be perfect.
Ϊ˻
An instance of excellence.


= =
perfectly
per.fect.ly
AHD:[p?rf1kt-l?] 
D.J.[6pT8f!ktli8]
K.K.[6pPf!ktli]
adv.ʣ
In a perfect manner or to a perfect degree.
ģ̬ȵĻﵽ̶ȵ
To a complete or full degree or extent; wholly:
ﵽ̶ȵģȫģ
The diners were perfectly satisfied with the meal.See Usage Note at perfect 
ʳǶٷǳμ perfect

= =
perform
per.form
AHD:[pr-f?rm] 
D.J.[p*6f%8m]
K.K.[p+6f%rm]
v.ʣ
per.formed,per.form.ing,per.forms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To begin and carry through to completion; do:
ִУʼִĳ£
The surgeon performed the operation.
ҽʦ
To take action in accordance with the requirements of; fulfill:
УݡҪȡж㣺
perform one's contractual obligations.
кͬ涨
To enact (a feat or role) before an audience.
ݣڹǰݣһջɫ
To give a public presentation of; present:
ݳйչʾݣ
The theater group performed a three-act play.
һĻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To carry on; function:
ִУִУִСĹܣ
a car that performs well on curves.
书õ
To fulfill an obligation or requirement; accomplish something as promised or expected.
УɣҪΣ֤ϣ
To portray a role or demonstrate a skill before an audience:
ݣڹǰݽɫչʾգ
The juggler performed atop a unicycle.
ӼԱڶֳϱ
To present a dramatic or musical work or other entertainment before an audience.
ݳࣺڹǰϷ硢ƷĿ
?
Middle English performen 
йӢ performen 
from Anglo-Norman performer 
Դ Ӣ performer 
from Old French parfornir 
Դ ŷ parfornir 
par- [intensive pref.]  from Latin per- [per-] 
par- [ǿǰ׺]  Դ  per- [ǰ׺ȫס˼] 
fournir [to furnish] * see  furnish 
fournir [ṩ] *μ furnish
?
performable
adj.ݴʣ
performer
n.ʣ
?
perform,execute,accomplish,achieve,effect,fulfill,discharge
These verbs signify to carry through to completion. To
Щʶʾִɡ
 perform  is to carry out an action, an undertaking, or a procedure;the word often connotes observance of due form or the exercise of skill or care: 
 Perform  ǲȡĳж裻˴ͨʵʽػջСĵִУ 
The ship's captain performed the wedding ceremony.
˻
The orchestra and chorus performed an Easter oratorio.
źͺϳӱ˸ʥ֡
Sophisticated laser experiments are performed regularly in the laboratory.
ӵļʵ鶨ʵҾС
Execute  implies performing a task or putting something into effect in accordance with a plan or design: 
Execute  ָݼƻʹĳ²Ӱ죺 
To execute laws is a royal office;to execute orders is not to be a king (Edmund Burke). 
ִзʥĹִܳΪ ɵ¡ˣ 
The violinist had the technical skill to execute the cadenza, with its double stops and harmonics, with brilliance.
С˫ͣټʵ໪ֶεļܡ
Accomplish  connotes the successful completion of something,often of something that requires tenacity or talent: 
Accomplish  ʾɹĳ£ָҪɵ£ 
Make one brave push and see what can be accomplished in a week (Robert Louis Stevenson). 
һ¸ҵĳԿһܻܺʲô ޲ء·˿ʷɭ 
He accomplished his purpose, the rapid acquisition of enormous profits, only by making risky investments.  Toachieve  is to accomplish something especially by dint of effort or despite 
difficulty; the term often implies a significant result: 
ͨðͶʾʵԼĿꡪѸٻ˾޶档 Achieve ָͨŬ˷Ѷĳ ʳָشĽ 
Some are born great . . . Some achieve greatness . . . And some have greatness thrust upon them (Shakespeare). 
 һЩΰһЩȡӢһЩǿǵΰ ɯʿǣ 
Greater benefits can be achieved through diplomatic channels than by acts of aggression.
ͨ⽻ҪԷʽø档
Effect  suggests the power of an agent to bring about a desired result: 
Effect  ָĳԤ 
Even the antibiotics the doctor prescribed didn't effect a complete cure. Tofulfill is to live up to expectations or satisfy demands, wishes, or requirements:  
ʹҽĿضȫȫؽ Fulfill ָﵽĳĳҪԸ  
It is unrealistic to hope that all one's desires can be fulfilled.
ϣԼõǲʵġ
She fulfilled her obligations to her parents. Todischarge an obligation or duty is to perform all the steps necessary for its fulfillment:  
ԼԸĸΡ Discharge ָȡдﵽ̶貽λ  
I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do (Edward VIII).
ҷϣеصйǲܵġ »

= =
performance
per.form.ance
AHD:[pr-f?rmns] 
D.J.[p*6f%8m*ns]
K.K.[p+6f%rm*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of performing or the state of being performed.
ʩУʵֻʵĳµΪʵֵĹ
The act or style of performing a work or role before an audience.
ݣڹǰݽɫʾж
The way in which someone or something functions:
ĳ˻ĳ·õķʽ
The pilot rated the airplane's performance in high winds.
ԱǿмӴ˷ɻĹ
A presentation, especially a theatrical one, before an audience.
ݣָ糡Թڵı
Something performed; an accomplishment.
ɵ£ɾ

= =
perfume
per.fume
AHD:[p?rfy?m, pr-fy?m] 
D.J.[6pT87fju8m, p*6fju8m]
K.K.[6pP7fjum, p+6fjum]
n.ʣ
A substance that emits and diffuses a fragrant odor, especially a volatile liquid distilled from flowers or prepared synthetically.
ˮһֿɢζʣָӻȡҺϳ
A pleasing, agreeable scent or odor.See Synonyms at fragrance 
һ˵ζζμ fragrance
v.tr.ﶯʣ
per.fumed,per.fum.ing,per.fumes[pr-fy?m]  
To impregnate with fragrance; impart a pleasant odor to.
Ѭ㣺͸˵ζ
?
French parfum 
 parfum 
from Old Italian parfumo 
Դ  parfumo 
from parfumare [to fill with smoke] 
Դ parfumare [] 
par- [intensive pref.]  from Latin per- [per-] 
par- [޶ǰ׺]  Դ  per- [ǰ׺ʾ鼰] 
fumare [to smoke]  from Latin f?3re}  from f?s [smoke] 
fumare []  Դ  f?3re}  Դ f?s [] 

= =
perhaps
per.haps
AHD:[pr-h2ps] 
D.J.[p*6h#ps]
K.K.[p+6h#ps]
adv.ʣ
Maybe; possibly.
ܣ
?
From Middle English perhap 
Դ йӢ perhap 
per [by]  from Latin * see  per 
per [ͨ]  Դ  *μ per
hap [chance] * see  hap 
hap [] *μ hap

= =
period
pe.ri.od
AHD:[p1r?-d] 
D.J.[6p!ri8*d]
K.K.[6p!ri*d]
n.Abbr. per.ʣд per.
An interval of time characterized by the occurrence of a certain condition, event, or phenomenon:
ڼ䣬һʱ䣺ĳض¼ķΪʱЪ
a period of economic prosperity.
÷ʱ
An interval of time characterized by the prevalence of a specified culture, ideology, or technology:
ʱڣĳضĻ˼ʢΪһʱ䣺
artifacts of the pre-Columbian period.
ǰױʱֹƷ
An interval regarded as a distinct evolutionary or developmental phase:
ڣʱչضʱڣ
Picasso's early career is divided into his blue period and rose period.
ϼıΪں͵ʱ
Geology A unit of time, longer than an epoch and shorter than an era.
ѧ ͣȴ̵ʱ䵥λ
Any of various arbitrary units of time, especially:
ʱ䵥λָκʱ䵥λָ
Any of the divisions of the academic day.
һڿΣѧУѧϰյĻ
Sports Games A division of the playing time of a game.
˶ Ϸ ֳʱĻ
Physics Astronomy The time interval between two successive occurrences of a recurrent event or phases of an event; a cycle.
ѧ ѧ ڣֻ򷴸ֵ¼ʱѭ
An instance or occurrence of menstruation.
ڣ¾ӻ
A point or portion of time at which something is ended; a completion or conclusion.
᣺ĳ½ʱʱΣɻս
The full pause at the end of a spoken sentence.
βĩͣ
A punctuation mark ( . ) indicating a full stop, placed at the end of declarative sentences and other statements thought to be complete, and after many abbreviations.
ţһֱʾȫͣٵıţھĩΪɵĲʽ
A sentence of several carefully balanced clauses in formal writing.
Ͼ䣺ʽаɴӾĽṹȳƵľ
A metrical unit of quantitative verse consisting of two or more cola.
λеĶɵĶλ
An analogous unit or division of classical Greek or Latin prose.
ʫĵĻ֣ϣɢƵķֶ
Music A group of two or more phrases within a composition, made up of 8 or 16 measures and terminating with a cadence.
֡ ֶ֣ΣƷкµɰ˻ʮλɲԺҽβ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The least interval in the range of the independent variable of a periodic function of a real variable in which all possible values of the dependent variable are assumed.
С㣺ںԱ仯С䣬дпֵȷ
A group of digits separated by commas in a written number.
֣һмöŸ
The number of digits that repeat in a repeating decimal. For example, !/7 = 0.142857142857 . . . has a six-digit period.
ֽڣѭСеѭλ!/7=0.1428571428576ѭλ
Chemistry A sequence of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and forming one of the horizontal rows in the periodic table.
ѧ ԪڣһϵԪذԭγɵڱеһ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, belonging to, or representing a certain historical age or time:
ĳʱڵģڡڻĳضʷʱڵģ
a period piece; period furniture.
ʱ£ĳʱļҾ
?
Middle English periode 
йӢ periode 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin periodus 
Դ  periodus 
from Latin perihodos [rhetorical period] 
Դ  perihodos [޴ǲ] 
from Greek periodos [circuit] 
Դ ϣ periodos [Ϸ] 
peri- [peri-] 
peri- [ǰ׺Χ] 
hodos [way] 
hodos [ʽ] 
?
period,epoch,era,age,term
These nouns refer to a portion or length of time.
Щʾָʱһֻ򳤶ȡ
 Period  is the most general: 
 Period  ձģ 
a short waiting period;
һС
one of the most difficult periods of her life;
ѵʱڣ
worked for a period of ten years;
ʮʱ䣻
the Romantic period in music.
е֡
Epoch  refers to a period regarded as being remarkable or memorable: 
Epoch  ֵָüĻõʱ⣺ 
We enter on an epoch of constitutional retrogression (John R. Green).Anera  is a period of time notable because of new or different aspects or events:  
ǽܵ˥˽׶ ԼR֣Era ָ»ͬķ¼ֵעһʱ䣺  
How many a man has dated a new era in his life from the reading of a book (Henry David Thoreau).Anage  is usually a period marked by a particular distinctive characteristic:  
жڶһʼһ άޣAge رͻصΪ־ʱڣ  
the age of Newton;
ţʱ
the Iron Age.
ʱ
These principles form the bright constellation which has . . . guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation (Thomas Jefferson). Aterm  is a period of time to which 
limits have been set:  
Щ涨˲ָͨʱĽŲ ķ˹ѷTerm ָ޶һʱ䣺  
Senators are elected for a term of six years. 
Ա 
?
Perhaps more than once one may have wonderedwhy the wordperiod  has the sense punctuation mark ( . ) as well as some of its other senses having to do with time.The answer to 
this question lies in the senses of the Greek wordperiodos  from which our word is descended. Periodos, made up of peri-,  around, and hodos,  way, meant such things as 
going round, way round, going round in a circle, circuit,and with regard to time cycle or period of time.The word also meant the period of menstruation.In rhetoric it referred 
to a group of words organically related in grammar and sense.The Greek word was adopted into Latin asperihodos  with only its rhetorical sense and one other sense,but in 
Medieval Latin it reacquired senses it had in Greek,such as cycle, and acquired a new sense,a punctuation mark used at the end of a rhetorical period.Although this sense is 
recorded in Medieval Latin,it is not recorded in English until 1609.But the wordperiod  had entered Middle English from Medieval Latin and Old French, first being recorded in a work 
written around 1425in the sense a cycle of recurrence of a disease.
κ˶᲻ֹһεķʣΪʲôperiod Сţ˼ ͬʱ˼ʱйءʵĴǵĵԴԵϣﵥperiodos ˼ 
Periodos ΪΧ peri- Ϊʽ hodos ɣ ôζšΧơߣΧơ·תȦߣΧƣͬʱҲָʱ䣬Ϊһʱʱڡ˴Ҳ
Ϊڡ޴ѧָһ﷨ʹлĴʡϣΪperihodos ã ޴Ǻһ˼µõ
ϣе˼硰ڡֵõһµ˼޴ǲĩβıšܴмأֱ1609Ӣмء
period ĺ͹ŷнӢ ״μԼ1425ƷУΪڡ

= =
periodic
pe.ri.od.ic
AHD:[p1r?-?d1k] 
D.J.[7p!ri86Kd!k]
K.K.[7p!ri6$d!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or marked by repeated cycles.
ڵģԵģѭĻԴΪ
Happening or appearing at regular intervals.
ʱģһЪڳֻ
Recurring or reappearing from time to time; intermittent.
ЪԵģʱظֵģЪ
Characterized by periodic sentences.
ģѭΪ
?
periodically
adv.ʣ
?
periodic,sporadic,intermittent,occasional,fitful
These adjectives all mean recurring or reappearing now and then.Somethingperiodic  occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals:  
ЩʶΪʱظֵġĳΪperiodic ָйɵĻͨԤϵļЪ  
periodic feelings of anxiety.
Խǡ
Sporadic  implies appearance or occurrence in scattered, irregular, unpredictable, or isolated instances: 
Sporadic  ָҵġɵġ޷ԤĻ³ֻ 
a city subjected to sporadic bombing raids.
ǺըĳС
Intermittent  describes something that stops and starts at intervals: 
Intermittent  ЪԿʼֹͣ£ 
intermittent rain showers. What isoccasional  happens at random and irregularly:  
ЪԱꡣ Occational ޹ɷ飺  
occasional outbursts of temper. Somethingfitful  occurs in spells and often abruptly:  
ͻȻ Fitful ·ں̵ܶʱҳͻȻģ  
fitful bursts of energy. 
ͻȻ 
?
Periodic  has long been used loosely to mean occasional, intermittent, but this usage may be confusing for readers who are accustomed to using the word only in its narrower 
sense of at regular or predictable intervals.Thus the writer who saidParker's losses at the track were not covered by his periodic winners  invited the (most likely unintended) 
inference that Parker had a system that enabled him to pick winners at regular intervals. Substitution ofoccasional  in this context would have resolved the ambiguity. 
Periodic ʱϽָʱģżġ ÷ʹЩϰڽڡйɻԤļЪڡխĶԻд
еʧܲʤ 仰ߣҪУڶӮñķۡ occasional Ӧܽģɵ 

= =
periodical
pe.ri.od.i.cal
AHD:[p1r?-?d1-kl] 
D.J.[7p!ri86Kd!k*l]
K.K.[7p!ri6$d!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Periodic.
Ե
Published at regular intervals of more than one day.
ڿԳһĹ̶Ъ
Of or relating to a publication issued at such intervals.
ڿڻһڳ
n.ʣ
A publication issued at regular intervals of more than one day.
ڿԶһڶڳĳ

= =
perish
per.ish
AHD:[pr1sh] 
D.J.[6per!.]
K.K.[6pWr!.]
v.ʣ
per.ished,per.ish.ing,per.ish.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely manner:
ɥ򱻺ָڱ»ͻȻķʽ
Must then a Christ perish in torment in every age to save those who have no imagination?(George Bernard Shaw)
ǻÿΪЩȱǶһĥ?(Ρ)
To pass from existence; disappear gradually:
ʧʧ
Man will go down into the pit, and all his thoughts will perish(A.J. Balfour)
ջе˼Ҳ֮(A.J.)
Chiefly British To spoil or deteriorate.
Ӣ ˻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to destruction; destroy:
ʹ𣻴ݻ٣
Many foul blights/Perish'd his hard won gains(Thomas Hood)
ηʹаյʤˡ(˹)
?
perish the thought
Used to express the wish that one not even think about something.
һδԸ
?
Middle English perishen 
йӢ perishen 
from Old French perir  periss- [to perish] 
Դ ŷ perir  periss- [ƻ] 
from Latin peroe 
Դ  peroe 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ʾÿ] oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [ȥ] *μ ei- 

= =
permanent
per.ma.nent
AHD:[p?rm-nnt] 
D.J.[6pT8m*n*nt]
K.K.[6pPm*n*nt]
adj.Abbr. perm.ݴʣд perm.
Lasting or remaining without essential change:
õģ;õģûиԱ仯άֵģ
the universal human yearning for something permanent, enduring, without shadow of change(Willa Cather)
ȫûб仯ҳ־õĶ(ɪ)
Not expected to change in status, condition, or place:
ģϣڵλ仯ģ
a permanent address; permanent secretary to the president.
õַͳ
n.ʣ
A long-lasting hair wave produced by applying a chemical lotion to the hair while wet, winding the hair on rollers, and drying it with heat.Also called  permanent wave 
̹ͷûѧͿʪͷϲͷھϣȻȺɶɵĳñֵľҲ  permanent wave
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin perman?s  permanent- [present participle of] perman?re [to endure] 
Դ  perman?s  permanent-  [] perman?reڷִ [־] 
per- [throughout] * see  per- 
per- [鼰] *μ per-
man?e [to remain] * see  men- 3
man?e [] *μ men- 3
?
permanently
adv.ʣ
permanentness
n.ʣ
?
In this world of impermanenceit seems that we have tried to hold on to a few things at least by using the wordpermanent.  Coming ultimately from the present participleperman?s  of 
Latin perman?,  to endure, Middle Englishpermanent  (first recorded around 1425) also had to do with the enduring and the stable. When we consider some of the applications of 
this adjective,as inpermanent press, permanent tooth,  we are struck by the relative evanescence of the so-called permanent.But perhaps never more so than in the case of the 
permanent wave.When asked what this phenomenon was,one journalist wrote in 1932,(so far as my experience goes): a wave that is anything but permanent.
޳ѾͼһЩͨʹpermanent ֡ Ϊ־ãpermanere ڷִ permanens  
Ӣpermanent Լ1425״μ¼Ҳ־úȹ̵˼йء ǿݴʵһЩ÷ʱھ;ѹ, У Ǳ뵽νԵĶ
ԡܴӲʽͶ뵽ˡʵôʱһż1932дҵľԣǡǡġ

= =
permeate
per.me.ate
AHD:[p?rm?-3t] 
D.J.[6pT8mi87e!t]
K.K.[6pPmi7et]
v.ʣ
per.me.at.ed,per.me.at.ing,per.me.ates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To spread or flow throughout; pervade:
鲼
Our thinking is permeated by our historical myths(Freeman J. Dyson)See Synonyms at charge 
ǵʷ͸ǵ˼롱(J.ɭ)μ charge
To pass through the openings or interstices of:
͸ӿڻ϶д
liquid permeating a membrane.
ĤҺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spread through or penetrate something.
룬鼰ᴩ͸ĳ
?
Latin perme3e  perme3t- [to penetrate] 
 perme3e  perme3t- [͸ᴩ] 
per- [through] * see  per- 
per- [ͨ] *μ per-
me3e [to pass] * see  mei- 1
me3e [ʹ] *μ mei- 1
?
permeant
AHD:[-nt]   perme.ative [-3t1v] ݴʣ
permeation
n.ʣ

= =
permissible
per.mis.si.ble
AHD:[pr-m1s-bl] 
D.J.[p*6m!s*b*l]
K.K.[p+6m!s*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Permitted; allowable:
ɵģģ
permissible tax deductions; permissible behavior in school.
ɵ˰տ۳ѧУΪ
?
permissibility  
permissibleness
n.ʣ
permissibly
adv.ʣ

= =
permission
per.mis.sion
AHD:[pr-m1shn] 
D.J.[p*6m!.*n]
K.K.[p+6m!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of permitting.
ʾΪ
Consent, especially formal consent; authorization.
׼ʽϿɣͬ⣬ָʽͬ⣻Ͽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin permissi?}  permissi?n- 
Դ  permissi?}  permissi?n- 
from permissus [past participle of] permittere [to permit] * see  permit 
Դ permissus  [] permittereĹȥִ [] *μ permit
?
permission,authorization,consent,leave,license,sanction
The central meaning shared by these nouns is approval for a course of action that is granted by one in authority: 
Щʵ˼ǡͬȨʿϵһϵж 
was refused permission to smoke;
ֹ̣
seeking authorization to begin construction;
׼ʼ죻
gave their consent to the marriage;
׼ǽ飻
will ask leave to respond to the speaker;
Իشߣ
was given license to depart;
ȡ뿪
gave sanction to the project. prohibition 
׼Ŀ prohibition

= =
permit
per.mit
AHD:[pr-m1t] 
D.J.[p*6m!t]
K.K.[p+6m!t]
v.ʣ
per.mit.ted,per.mit.ting,per.mits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To allow the doing of (something); consent to:
ĳ£ͬ⣺
permit the sale of alcoholic beverages.
۾ƾ
To grant consent or leave to (someone); authorize:
׼׼ϻͬĳ˵Ĺ۵㣩׼
permitted him to explain.
׼
To afford opportunity or possibility for:
пܣṩԣ
weather that permits sailing.
ɺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To afford opportunity; allow:
׼ṩ᣻
if circumstances permit.

n.ʣ
AHD:[p?rm1t, pr-m1t] 
Permission, especially in written form.
ɣɣָʽ
A document or certificate giving permission to do something; a license or warrant:
ļĳµļִ֤ջȨ֤
a building permit.

?
Middle English permitten 
йӢ permitten 
from Latin permittere 
Դ  permittere 
per- [through] * see  per- 
per- [ͨ] *μ per-
mittere [to let go] 
mittere [] 
?
permittee
AHD:[p?rm1-t?] ʣ
permitter
n.ʣ
?
In the sense to allow for, be consistent with,permit  is often accompanied by of  when its subject is inanimate:  
ڡ뱣һ¡ϣʱpermit 泣 of   
The wording of the note permits of several interpretations. 
֪ͨĴмֽ͡ 
Butpermit of  should not be used in the sense to give permission:  
permit of ڡ׼壺  
The law permits (not permits of  ) camping on the beach.  
 permits of ) ں̲Ӫ  

= =
perpetual
per.pet.u.al
AHD:[pr-pch?-l] 
D.J.[p*6pet.u8*l]
K.K.[p+6pWt.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Lasting for eternity.
ԶģԶ
Continuing or lasting for an indefinitely long time.
ڵģõģ򱣳޳ʱ
Instituted to be in effect or have tenure for an unlimited duration:
Чģ޳ʱЧʹȨģ
a treaty of perpetual friendship.
õѺԼ
Continuing without interruption.See Synonyms at continual 
ϵģûжϵĲμ continual
Flowering throughout the growing season.
ļģڶ
?
Middle English perpetuel 
йӢ perpetuel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin perpetu3s 
Դ  perpetu3s 
from perpetuus [continuous] 
Դ perpetuus [] 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ʾȫס] 
petere [to go toward] * see  pet- 
petere [ǰ] *μ pet- 
?
perpetually
adv.ʣ

= =
perplex
per.plex
AHD:[pr-plks] 
D.J.[p*6pleks]
K.K.[p+6plWks]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
per.plexed,per.plex.ing,per.plex.es 
To confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt.See Synonyms at puzzle 
ʹʹѽ⣺ʹ󣬻ʹڲȷŻɵ鷳вμ puzzle
To make confusedly intricate; complicate.
ʹӻʹѰ죺ҵԽʹ
?
Back-formation from Middle English perplexed [puzzled] * see  perplexed 
Դ йӢ perplexed湹 [] *μ perplexed
?
perplexingly
adv.ʣ

= =
persist
per.sist
AHD:[pr-s1st, -z1st] 
D.J.[p*6s!st, -6z!st]
K.K.[p+6s!st, -6z!st]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
per.sist.ed,per.sist.ing,per.sists 
To be obstinately repetitious, insistent, or tenacious.
ֲ䣺ǿظִֻ
To hold firmly and steadfastly to a purpose, a state, or an undertaking despite obstacles, warnings, or setbacks.
ֲиأκ谭ۣᶨؼһĿġ״ҵ
To continue in existence; last:
ڣ
hostilities that have persisted for years.
ĵ
?
Latin persistere 
 persistere 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ʾȫ] 
sistere [to stand] * see  st3- 
sistere [̶䣬] *μ st3- 
?
persister
n.ʣ

= =
persistent
per.sist.ent
AHD:[pr-s1stnt, -z1s-] 
D.J.[p*6s!st*nt, -6z!s-]
K.K.[p+6s!st*nt, -6z!s-]
adj.ݴʣ
Refusing to give up or let go; persevering obstinately.
ֲиģִģܾεģֵ̼
Insistently repetitive or continuous:
ģģϵظģ
a persistent ringing of the telephone.
ͣĵ绰
Existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time; enduring:
־õģõģͬһ״̬³޳ʱģ־õģ
persistent rumors; a persistent infection.
־õҥԣ־ԴȾ
Botany Lasting past maturity without falling off, as the calyx on an eggplant or the scales of a pine cone.
ֲѧ ޴ģģֳ״̬䣬ӵĻɹ۰
Zoology Retained permanently, rather than disappearing in an early stage of development:
ѧ ģģ־õرģھʧģ
the persistent gills of fishes.

?
persistently
adv.ʣ

= =
person
per.son
AHD:[p?rsn] 
D.J.[6pT8s*n]
K.K.[6pPs*n]
n.Abbr. per.,pers.ʣд per.,pers.
A living human being. Often used in combination:
ˣһŵĸˡںϳɴУ
chairperson; spokesperson; salesperson.
ϯˣԱ
An individual of specified character:
ˣضԸˣ
a person of importance.See Usage Note at man 
Ҫμ man
The composite of characteristics that make up an individual personality; the self.
ԣɸ˵Ըܺͣ
The living body of a human being:
壬壺˵Ļŵ壺
searched the prisoner's person.

Physique and general appearance.
壬òϵ
Law A human being or an organization with legal rights and duties.
ɡ ȻˣˣзȨȻ˺֯
Theology The separate individualities of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as distinguished from the essence of the Godhead that unites them.
ѧ λһλʥʥӺʥĶλͳһǵϵ۵ʵ
Grammar 
﷨ 
Any of three groups of pronoun forms with corresponding verb inflections that distinguish the speaker (first person), the individual addressed (second person), and the individual or thing 
spoken of (third person).
˳ƣָϵνﶯʱ仯˳ʽ˵ˣһ˳ƣ̸֮ˣڶ˳ƣἰ˻˳ƣ
Any of the different forms or inflections expressing these distinctions.
ʾĳ˳ƵĴΣʾЩĲͬʽ仯
A character or role, as in a play; a guise:
ɫݣϷеĽɫװ磺
Well, in her person, I say I will not have you(Shakespeare)
Ľɫ˵Ҳݡ(ɯʿ)
?
in person
In one's physical presence; personally:
ԣֵأԵأ
applied for the job in person.
ӦƸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French persone 
Դ ŷ persone 
from Latin pers?a [mask, role, person] 
Դ  pers?a [ߣɫ] 
probably from Etruscan phersu [mask] 
Դ ³ phersu [] 

= =
personal
per.son.al
AHD:[p?rs-nl] 
D.J.[6pT8s*n*l]
K.K.[6pPs*n*l]
adj.Abbr. pers.ݴʣд pers.
Of or relating to a particular person; private:
˵ģ˽˵ģĳض˵ģ˽˵ģ
Like their personal lives, women's history is fragmented, interrupted(Elizabeth Janeway)
ͬǵĸһŮʷ֧жϵġ(ɯסά)
Done, made, or performed in person:
Եģ˵ģУ
a personal appearance.
Գ
Done to or for or directed toward a particular person:
Ϊĳ˵ģڡΪ˻ĳض˵ģ
a personal favor.
ظĳ˵Ķ
Concerning a particular person and his or her private business, interests, or activities; intimate:
˵ģܵģ漰ض˼˽¡Ȥģܵģ
I have something personal to tell you.
ܵҪ
Aimed pointedly at the most intimate aspects of a person, especially in a critical or hostile manner:
ģ̵ض׼˵ֵܲģرһк͵̬ȣ
an uncalled-for, highly personal remark.
һ䲻ҴĻ
Tending to make remarks, or be unduly questioning, about another's affairs:
µģ漰˽˵ģϲۻǲ䷳ʱ˵ģ
She always becomes personal in an argument.
ʱܻ漰˽
Of or relating to the body or physical being:
ģ漰ʵģ
personal cleanliness.

Relating to or having the nature of a person or self-conscious being:
ʶģеģ漰˵ıʻʶģ
belief in a personal God.

Law Relating to a person's movable property:
ɡ ģڸ˿ɶƲģ
personal possessions.

Grammar Indicating grammatical person.
﷨ ˳Ƶģָ﷨ϵ˳Ƶ
n.Abbr. pers.ʣд pers.
A personal item or notice in a newspaper.
ڸ˵ļѶֽϵĸ˼Ѷ
personals A column in a newspaper or magazine featuring personal notices.
 personals ¹棺ֽ־ϿǸ˼ѶĿ

= =
personnel
per.son.nel
AHD:[p?rs-nl] 
D.J.[7pT8s*6nel]
K.K.[7pPs*6nWl]
n.ʣ
The body of persons employed by or active in an organization, business, or service.
ȫԱһ֯ҵҵУӶĻµȫԱ
(used with a pl. verb)Persons.
븴ãԱԱ
An administrative division of an organization concerned with the body of persons employed by or active in it and often acting as a liaison between different departments.
²ţһ֯ţȫӶ߻йأҾΪ֮ͬ˶
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
personnel problems; personnel matters.
⣻
?
French 
 
from Old French [personal] 
Դ ŷ [˵] 
from Latin pers?3lis} * see  personality 
Դ  pers?3lis} *μ personality

= =
perspective
per.spec.tive
AHD:[pr-spkt1v] 
D.J.[p*6spekt!v]
K.K.[p+6spWkt!v]
n.ʣ
The technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface.
͸ӷһڶάƽϱάȹϵļ
A view or vista.
ɫԶ
A mental view or outlook:
룬չϵĹ۵չ
It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present(Fabian Linden)
żع˹ȥչδ(Ȱֵ)
The appearance of objects in depth as perceived by normal binocular vision.
ȫ͸ӣͨͨ˫ͲԶȫò
The relationship of aspects of a subject to each other and to a whole:
ֵıֵĹϵ֮Լ֮Ĺϵ
a perspective of history; a need to view the problem in the proper perspective.
ʷۣǡ۵
Subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of view:
۵㣬ҪĿ͹ۣ۵㣺
the perspective of the displaced homemaker.
ְŮܼҵĹ۵
The ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance:
ʵʵ໥ϵҪϸо
tried to keep my perspective throughout the crisis.
ͼΣбҵĶ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, seen, or represented in perspective.
͸ӷģ͸ӵģ͸ӷйصĻ͸۲ֵ
?
Middle English [science of optics]  influenced by French perspective [perspective]  alteration of Italian prospettiva  from prospetto [new]  from Latin pr?s * see  prospect 
йӢ [ѧ]    perspectiveӰ [͸]    prospettivaı仯  Դ prospetto [µ]  Դ  pr?s *μ prospect
from Medieval Latin perspecto) [feminine of] perspectovus [optical] 
Դ  perspecto)  [] perspectovusԴ [Ӿģѧ] 
from perspectus [past participle of] perspicere [to inspect] 
Դ perspectus  [] perspicereĹȥִ [飬Ӳ] 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺Χ鼰] 
specere [to look] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
perspectival
adj.ݴʣ
perspectively
adv.ʣ

= =
persuade
per.suade
AHD:[pr-sw3d] 
D.J.[p*6swe!d]
K.K.[p+6swed]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
per.suad.ed,per.suad.ing,per.suades 
To induce to undertake a course of action or embrace a point of view by means of argument, reasoning, or entreaty:
Ȱ˵ͨۡķʽյһһֹ۵㣺
to make children fit to live in a society by persuading them to learn and accept its codes(Alan W. Watts)See Usage Note at convince 
ͨȰ˵ѧϰͽ淶ʹӦ(W.ߴ)μ convince
?
Latin persu3?re} 
 persu3?re} 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ͨ] 
su3?re} [to urge] * see  sw3d- 
su3?re} [Ȱ] *μ sw3d- 
?
persuadable
adj.ݴʣ
persuader
n.ʣ
?
persuade,induce,prevail,convince
These verbs are compared as they mean to succeed in causing a person to do or consent to something.
Щڱɹʹĳͬĳµ˼ʱġ
 Persuade  means to win someone over, as by reasons, advice, urging, or personal forcefulness: 
 Persuade  ˼ɡ顢شٻ˵սʤĳˣ 
Nothing can persuade her to change her mind once it is made up. Toinduce  is to lead, as to a course of action, by means of influence or persuasion:  
һ¶ľûʲô˵ıע⡣ Induce ָͨӰȰ˵ķʽжȣ  
Pray what could induce him to commit so rash an action?  (Oliver Goldsmith).Oneprevails  on somebody who resists:  
ʲô³çж ʷ˹Prevail ָȰߣ  
He had prevailed upon the king to spare them (Daniel Defoe).Toconvince  is to persuade by the use of argument or evidence:  
ѾȰˡ ϸConvince ָͨʹ֤֤Ȱ  
In science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom the idea first occurs (Francis Darwin).
ڿѧ磬˵ˣڵһ۵ˡ ˹ģ

= =
pest
pest
AHD:[pst] 
D.J.[pest]
K.K.[pWst]
n.ʣ
An annoying person or thing; a nuisance.
˻鷳£
An injurious plant or animal, especially one harmful to human beings.
кֲкֲָЩк
A deadly epidemic disease; a pestilence.
ߣһĴȾ
?
French peste [pestilence] 
 peste [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pestis 
Դ  pestis 
?
Pest
Pest
AHD:[pst, psht] 
D.J.[pest, pe.t]
K.K.[pWst, pW.t]
NONE޴ԣ
A former town of north-central Hungary on the left bank of the Danube River. Since 1873 it has been part of Budapest.
˹бʱһλڶ觺󰶡1873һֱǲ˹һ

= =
pet
pet 1
AHD:[pt] 
D.J.[pet]
K.K.[pWt]
n.ʣ
An animal kept for amusement or companionship.
ǲĶ
An object of the affections.
谮Ķ󣺰Ķ
A person especially loved or indulged; a favorite:
ָݵˣϲˣ
the teacher's pet.
ʦĳ
adj.ݴʣ
Kept as a pet:
ģ
a pet cat.
è
Particularly cherished or indulged:
簮ģ谮ģر䰮簮ģ
a pet grandchild.
簮
Expressing or showing affection:
ǵģʾģְģ
a pet name.
ǳƣ
Being a favorite:
ϲģΪܻӭģ
a pet topic.
Ż
v.ʣ
pet.ted,pet.ting,pets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stroke or caress gently; pat.See Synonyms at caress 
׸ĴĲμ caress
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To make love by fondling and caressing.
ͨӵ
?
Scottish Gaelic peata [tame animal, pet] 
ոĸǶ peata [˳Ķ] 
from Old Irish 
Դ Ű 
?
petter
n.ʣ
?
pet
pet 2
AHD:[pt] 
D.J.[pet]
K.K.[pWt]
n.ʣ
A fit of bad temper or pique.
ŭһŭƢķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pet.ted,pet.ting,pets 
To be sulky and peevish.
ˣ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
PET
PET
abbr.
 Positron emission tomography. 
Positron emission tomography.

= =
petition
pe.ti.tion
AHD:[p-t1shn] 
D.J.[p*6t!.*n]
K.K.[p*6t!.*n]
n.ʣ
A solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty.
Ըϼ֣صĿ󣻿
A formal written document requesting a right or benefit from a person or group in authority.
Ը飺ĳλԱȨʽļ
Law 
ɡ 
A formal written application requesting a court for a specific judicial action:
״״ΪĳһضķΪҪͥдʽ룺
a petition for appeal.
״
The judicial action asked for in any such request.
룺κҪķΪ
Something requested or entreated.
״ݣĶ
v.ʣ
pe.ti.tioned,pe.ti.tion.ing,pe.ti.tions 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To address a petition to.
򡭿
To ask for by petition; request formally.
ԸͨԸʽҪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a request, especially formally:
룺ָʽ
petitioned for retrial.

?
Middle English peticion 
йӢ peticion 
from Old French petition 
Դ ŷ petition 
from Latin peto?}  petoti?n- 
Դ  peto?}  petoti?n- 
from petos [past participle of] petere [to request] * see  pet- 
Դ petos  [] petereĹȥִ [Ҫ] *μ pet- 
?
petitionary
AHD:[p-t1sh-nr?] ݴʣ
petitioner
n.ʣ

= =
petrol
pet.rol
AHD:[ptrl] 
D.J.[6petr*l]
K.K.[6pWtr*l]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Gasoline.

?
French (essence de) ptrole [(essence of) petroleum, gasoline] 
 (essence de) ptrole [ͣҪأ] 
from Old French petrole [petroleum] 
Դ ŷ petrole [] 
from Medieval Latin petr?m * see  petroleum 
Դ  petr?m *μ petroleum

= =
petroleum
pe.tro.le.um
AHD:[p-tr?l?-m] 
D.J.[p*6tr*&li8*m]
K.K.[p*6troli*m]
n.Abbr. pet.ʣд pet.
A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface, can be separated into fractions including natural 
gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils, paraffin wax, and asphalt and is used as raw material for a wide variety of derivative products.
ʯͣһճȼġɫӻƵڵ塢Һ͹̬̼⻯ĻȻڵر֮£ԷɶֳɷݣȻ͡ӷ͡ú͡ȼϺ͡
ʯ࣬ΪԭϹ㷺ڸָƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin petr?m 
Դ  petr?m 
Latin petra [rock]  from Greek 
 petra [ʯ]  Դ ϣ 
Latin ?m [oil] * see  oil 
 ?m [ʯ] *μ oil

= =
petty
pet.ty
AHD:[pt?] 
D.J.[6peti8]
K.K.[6pWti]
adj.ݴʣ
pet.ti.er,pet.ti.est 
Of small importance; trivial:
΢ģϸģ
a petty grievance.
΢ɧ
Marked by narrowness of mind, ideas, or views.
ʶǳģƫģ˼롢۵Ϊ
Marked by meanness or lack of generosity, especially in trifling matters.
ӵģ˽ȱٿΪģָС
Secondary in importance or rank; subordinate.See Synonyms at trivial 
μģ΢µģҪԻȼλڵڶģμĲμ trivial
Law Variant of petit 
ɡ  petitı
?
Middle English peti 
йӢ peti 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
variant of petit * see  petit 
 petitı *μ petit
?
pettily
adv.ʣ
pettiness
n.ʣ
?
Petty
Pet.ty
AHD:[pt?] Sir William (1623-1687) 
D.J.[6peti8]
K.K.[6pWti]
NONE޴ԣ
English political economist who wroteTreatises of Taxes and Contributions  (1662-1685). 
ڣ(1623-1687) ӢξѧңС˰ۡ 1662-1685꣩ 

= =
phase
phase
AHD:[f3z] 
D.J.[fe!z]
K.K.[fez]
n.Abbr. ph.ʣд ph.
A distinct stage of development:
׶Σʱڣչ׶Σ
The American occupation of Japan fell into three successive phases(Edwin O. Reischauer)
ռձĹ̿Ի׶Ρ(O.Ф)
A temporary manner, attitude, or pattern of behavior:
ʱģ״̬̬ȣΪģʽ
just a passing phase.
ֻһɶ
An aspect; a part:
棬棻֣
every phase of the operation.
Ӫ˵ĸ
Astronomy One of the cyclically recurring apparent forms of the moon or a planet.
ѧ µȵģ࣬ӯԵظֵʽ
Physics 
ѧ 
A particular stage in a periodic process or phenomenon.
ࣺ࣬ԵĹ̻е׶
The fraction of a complete cycle elapsed as measured from a specified reference point and often expressed as an angle.
ǣһضǶȹ۲⵽һѭһ֣ͨýǶȱʾ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Any of the forms or states, solid, liquid, gas, or plasma, in which matter can exist, depending on temperature and pressure.
̬¶Ⱥѹʴڵʽ״̬塢Һ塢ԭʵ
A discrete homogeneous part of a material system that is mechanically separable from the rest, as is ice from water.
ࣺзֱͬԴϵϵǿԷֱģˮ
Biology A characteristic form, appearance, or stage of development that occurs in a cycle or that distinguishes some individuals of a group:
ѧ ͣڣһѭгֵɫʽչ׶ΣʹһЩȺʽ
the white color phase of a weasel; the swarming phase of locusts.
İɫ׶ΣȳȺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
phased,phas.ing,phas.es 
To plan or carry out systematically by phases.
ʹֽ׶ʵУ׶Եϵͳƻִ
To set or regulate so as to be synchronized.
λΪʹͬж
?
phase in
To introduce, one stage at a time.
ֽ׶飺һ׶һ
phase out
To bring or come to an end, one stage at a time.
𲽳һһ׶εؽ
?
in phase
In a correlated or synchronized way.
׶ΣصĻͬķʽ
out of phase
In an unsynchronized or uncorrelated way.
ֽ׶ΣòͬĻصķʽ
?
Back-formation from New Latin phas?s [phases of the moon] 
Դ ִ phas? [] 
from Greek [pl. of] phasis [appearance] 
Դ ϣ  [] phasisĸ [] 
from phainein [to show] * see  bh3- 1
Դ phainein [ʾ] *μ bh3- 1
?
phasic
AHD:[f3z1k] ݴʣ
?
phase,aspect,facet,angle,side
These nouns refer to a particular or possible way of viewing something, such as an object, a situation, or a process.
Щʾָ۲ĳЩһ塢һλһ̵Ļܵķʽ
 Phase  may denote a change in an object itselfrather than in the viewpoint of an observer ( 
 Phase  ָһ屾ı仯ǹ۲߹۵ı仯( 
an ermine in its winter color phase), but the term also refers to a stage or period of change or development: 
һֶֻհɫ) ͬʱҲָ仯չĽ׶λʱڣ 
A phase of my life was closing tonight, a new one opening tomorrow (Charlotte Bront?).
һڽ콫ʼµһ̡ ءʵ٣
 Aspect  is the way something appears to an observer at a specific vantage point: 
 Aspect  ǹ۲ߴĳһضĽǶȹ۲쵽ĳһ棺 
In our description of nature the purpose is . . . to track down . . . relations between the manifold aspects of our experience (Niels Bohr).Afacet  is one of numerous aspects, as of a 
problem:  
ԵĿġ׷١ǵľ෽֮Ĺϵ ζ˹Facet ෽еһ棬һһ棺  
studying the many facets of life in manufacturing towns after the Industrial Revolution.
оҵҵΪĳ෽档
Angle   suggests a limitation of perspective,frequently with emphasis on the observer's own point of view: 
Angle  ǰʾ˿ľԣڹ۲Ĺ۵㣺 
an account of the causes of World War II from the angle of the Allies.
һͬ˹ǶȳĶԵڶսԭ
Side  refers to something having two or more parts or aspects: 
Side  ָಿֻ 
Much might be said on both sides (Joseph Addison).
˫Ӧǿһ¡ Լɪ򡤰ɭ

= =
phenomenon
phe.nom.e.non
AHD:[f1-n?m-n?n, -nn] 
D.J.[f!6nKm*7nKn, -n*n]
K.K.[f!6n$m*7n$n, -n*n]
n.ʣ
 phe.nom.e.na[-n]  
An occurrence, a circumstance, or a fact that is perceptible by the senses.
¼Աй֪¼ʵ
pl. phe.nom.e.nons 
 phe.nom.e.nons 
An unusual, significant, or unaccountable fact or occurrence; a marvel.
漣ͬѰġǷʵ¼漣
A remarkable or outstanding person; a paragon.See Synonyms at wonder 
ţһܳĻˣ˲μ wonder
Philosophy 
ѧ 
That which appears real to the mind, regardless of whether its underlying existence is proved or its nature understood.
󣺶ʶʵĻǷ֤ʵǷ
In Kantian philosophy, the appearance of an object to the mind as opposed to its existence in and of itself, independent of the mind.
ڿѧУڻ䱾Եʶĳ֣־Ϊת
Physics An observable event.
ѧ 󣬱֣ɹ۲쵽
?
Late Latin phaenomenon 
 phaenomenon 
from Greek phainomenon [from neuter present participle of] phainesthai [to appear] * see  bh3- 1
Դ ϣ phainomenon  [] Դphainesthaiڷִ [] *μ bh3- 1
?
Phenomenon  is the only singular form of this noun; phenomena is the usual plural. Phenomenons  may also be used as the plural in nonscientific writing when the meaning is 
extraordinary things, occurrences, or persons: 
Phenomenon Ψһĵʽ phenomena ǳõĸʽ Phenomenons ڷǿƼԵҲɵʹã ˼ǣѰ»ˡ 
They were phenomenons in the history of music. 
ʷϵĽܳ 

= =
philosopher
phi.los.o.pher
AHD:[f1-l?s-fr] 
D.J.[f!6lKs*f*]
K.K.[f!6l$s*f+]
n.Abbr. phil.,philos.ʣд phil.,philos.
A student of or specialist in philosophy.
ѧңѧϵѧר
A person who lives and thinks according to a particular philosophy.
ˣܣĳһضѧ˼
A person who is calm and rational under any circumstances.
ߣߣκǵ
?
Middle English philosophre 
йӢ philosophre 
from Old French philosophe 
Դ ŷ philosophe 
from Latin philosophus 
Դ  philosophus 
from Greek philosophos [lover of wisdom, philosopher] 
Դ ϣ philosophos [ǻ۵Ȱߣѧ] 
philo- [philo-] 
philo- [ʾϲá֮] 
sophia [knowledge, learning] 
sophia [֪ʶѧ] 

= =
philosophy
phi.los.o.phy
AHD:[f1-l?s-f?] 
D.J.[f!6lKs*fi8]
K.K.[f!6l$s*fi]
n.ʣ
 phi.los.o.phies д phil.,philos.
Love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual means and moral self-discipline.
ǻ۵Ȱ׷ͨ;͵ϵﵽǻ۵Ȱ׷
The investigation of causes and laws underlying reality.
֣̽ʵĻ϶ԭ͹ɵ̽
A system of philosophical inquiry or demonstration.
ѧϵѧ֤̽ʵϵ
Inquiry into the nature of things based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods.
Ȼѧ߼ƾķ̽ı
The critique and analysis of fundamental beliefs as they come to be conceptualized and formulated.
зԽҪ͹ʽĻ
The synthesis of all learning.
֪ʶۺ
All learning except technical precepts and practical arts.
ʵ֪ʶ
All the disciplines presented in university curriculums of science and the liberal arts, except medicine, law, and theology.
ѧеѧƣڴѧαϳȥҽѧɺѧƺѧĿγ
The science comprising logic, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
ѧ߼ѧѧѧѧʶɵѧ
A system of motivating concepts or principles:
ֵϵԸɵϵ
the philosophy of a culture.
ĳĻļֵϵԭ
A basic theory; a viewpoint:
ԭ۵㣺
an original philosophy of advertising.
дĹ
The system of values by which one lives:
ֵۣۣۣһļֵϵ
has an unusual philosophy of life.
вѰ
?
Middle English philosophie 
йӢ philosophie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin philosophia 
Դ  philosophia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from philosophos [lover of wisdom, philosopher] * see  philosopher 
Դ philosophos [Ȱǻ۵ˣ] *μ philosopher

= =
phone
phone 1
AHD:[f?n] ʽ 
D.J.[f*&n]
K.K.[fon]
n.ʣ
A telephone.
绰
An earphone.

v.ʣ
phoned,phon.ing,phones 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To telephone.
绰
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To get in touch with by telephone.
ͨ绰ȡϵ
To impart (information or news, for example) by telephone.
ͨ绰ݣϢţ
?
Short for telephone 
 telephoneļд
?
phone
phone 2
AHD:[f?n] 
D.J.[f*&n]
K.K.[fon]
n.Linguistics ʣѧ 
A speech sound considered without reference to its status as a phoneme or an allophone in a language.
ӡأУػص
?
Greek ph??} [sound, voice] * see  bh3- 2
ϣ ph??} [죬] *μ bh3- 2

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photograph
pho.to.graph
AHD:[f?t-gr2f] 
D.J.[6f*&t*7gr#f]
K.K.[6fot*7gr#f]
n.Abbr. photog.ʣд photog.
An image, especially a positive print, recorded by a camera and reproduced on a photosensitive surface.
ƬƬ²һй渴ƳӰָƬӡӰ
v.ʣ
pho.to.graphed,pho.to.graph.ing,pho.to.graphs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take a photograph of.
Ϊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To practice photography.
Ӱ
To be the subject for photographs:
Ϊն
She photographs well.

?
photographable
adj.ݴʣ
photographer
AHD:[f-t?gr-fr] ʣ

= =
photographic
pho.to.graph.ic
AHD:[f?t-gr2f1k]  Ҳ pho.to.graph.i.cal [-1-kl] 
D.J.[7f*&t*6gr#f!k] Ҳ pho.to.graph.i.cal [-!k*l]
K.K.[7fot*6gr#f!k] Ҳ pho.to.graph.i.cal [-!k*l]
adj.Abbr. photog.ݴʣд photog.
Of, relating to, or consisting of photography or a photograph.
ƬģӰģӰĻƬģ֮йصģӰƬɵ
Used in photography:
Ӱģ
a photographic lens.
Ӱͷ
Resembling a photograph, especially representing or simulating something with great accuracy and fidelity of detail.
ƬģƬģָϸ׼ȷ߶Ⱦȷĳ
Capable of forming accurate and lasting impressions:
γ׼ȷ־ӡģ
a photographic memory.
ȷ־õļ
?
photographically
adv.ʣ

= =
phrase
phrase
AHD:[fr3z] 
D.J.[fre!z]
K.K.[frez]
n.Abbr. phr.ʣд phr.
A sequence of words intended to have meaning.
һϵд
A characteristic way or mode of expression.
˵صķʽı
A brief, apt, and cogent expression.
䣬䣺ŷı
A word or group of words read or spoken as a unit and separated by pauses or other junctures.
ƬΪ˵Ĵʻĵλͨͣ
Grammar Two or more words in sequence that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence.
﷨ 飺γһ䷨λ˳ĴһҪС
Music A segment of a composition, usually consisting of four or eight measures.
֡ ̾䣬־䣺һ֣ͨĻ˸
A series of dance movements forming a unit in a choreographic pattern.
䣺赸ʽγһλһϵ赸
v.ʣ
phrased,phras.ing,phras.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express orally or in writing:
ǣ⣺ͷ
The speaker phrased several opinions.
̸˼۵
To pace or mark off (something read aloud or spoken) by pauses.
¶Ͼ䣺ͣΪʶ򽲵Ķ򻮳ָ
Music 
֡ 
To divide (a passage) into phrases.
ѣһƷֳɶ̾
To combine (notes) in a phrase.
Ӷ̾е
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or render phrases, as in reading aloud.
ǣǣ˵ʶʱ
Music To perform a passage with the correct phrasing.
֡ ȷķ־һƷ
?
Latin phrasis [diction] 
 phrasis [] 
from Greek [speech, diction, phrase] 
Դ ϣ [] 
from phrazein [to point out, show] * see  g whren- 
Դ phrazein [ָʾ] *μ g whren- 
?
phrasal
adj.ݴʣ
phrasally
adv.ʣ

= =
physical
phys.i.cal
AHD:[f1z1-kl] 
D.J.[6f!z!k*l]
K.K.[6f!z!k*l]
adj.Abbr. phys.ݴʣд phys.
Of or relating to the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit.See Synonyms at bodily 
ģĻģйصģ;Ĳμ bodily
Involving or characterized by vigorous bodily activity:
ҵģԾйصĻصģ
a physical dance performance.
ҵ赸
Slang Involving or characterized by violence:
ٵ ģģ漰ģԱΪģ
A real cop would get physical(TV Guide)
һľʹñ(ӵ)
Of or relating to material things:
ʵģʵģεģйصģ
our physical environment.
ǵʻ
Of or relating to matter and energy or the sciences dealing with them, especially physics.
ȻģоĿѧģ֮йصģָ
n.ʣ
A physical examination.

?
Middle English phisical [medical] 
йӢ phisical [ҽƵ] 
from Medieval Latin physic3s 
Դ  physic3s 
from Latin physica [physics] * see  physics 
Դ  physica [] *μ physics
?
physicality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?] ʣ
physically
adv.ʣ

= =
physician
phy.si.cian
AHD:[f1-z1shn] 
D.J.[f!6z!.*n]
K.K.[f!6z!.*n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. phys.A person licensed to practice medicine; a medical doctor.
д phys.ҽ׼ҽˣҽ
A person who practices general medicine as distinct from surgery.
ڿҽͨҽѧƵ
A person who heals or exerts a healing influence.
ҽߣοߣ˵ˣӰ
?
Middle English fisicien 
йӢ fisicien 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from fisique [medical science] * see  physic 
Դ fisique [ҽƿѧ] *μ physic

= =
physicist
phys.i.cist
AHD:[f1z1-s1st] 
D.J.[6f!z!s!st]
K.K.[6f!z!s!st]
n.Abbr. phys.ʣд phys.
A scientist who specializes in physics.
ѧңרѧĿѧ

= =
physics
phys.ics
AHD:[f1z1ks] 
D.J.[6f!z!ks]
K.K.[6f!z!ks]
n.ʣ
(used with a sing. verb)Abbr. phys.The science of matter and energy and of interactions between the two, grouped in traditional fields such as acoustics, optics, mechanics, 
thermodynamics, and electromagnetism, as well as in modern extensions including atomic and nuclear physics, cryogenics, solid-state physics, particle physics, and plasma physics.
뵥ãд phys.ѧйʺ֮໥õĿѧͳϷΪѧѧеѧѧ͵ѧֽչԭ
ѧѧ΢ѧ͵ѧ
(used with a pl. verb)Physical properties, interactions, processes, or laws:
븴ãʡϵ̻
the physics of supersonic flight.
ٷе
(used with a sing. verb)Archaic The study of the natural or material world and phenomena; natural philosophy.
뵥ã ȻѧȻоȻѧ
?
From Latin physica 
Դ  physica 
from Greek (ta) phusika [from neuter pl. of] phusikos [of nature] 
Դ ϣ (ta) phusika  [] ԴphusikosԸ [Ȼ] 
from phusis [nature] * see  bheu- 
Դ phusis [Ȼ] *μ bheu- 

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physiological
phys.i.o.log.i.cal
AHD:[f1z?--l?j1-kl]  Ҳ phys.i.o.log.ic [-1k] 
D.J.[7f!zi8*6lKd9!k*l] Ҳ phys.i.o.log.ic [-!k]
K.K.[7f!zi*6l$d9!k*l] Ҳ phys.i.o.log.ic [-!k]
adj.Abbr. phys.,physiol.ݴʣд phys.,physiol.
Of or relating to physiology.
ѧģѧйص
Being in accord with or characteristic of the normal functioning of a living organism.
ģܵģģлܵģд
Color Of or being an additive primary color.
ɫʡ ԭɫģΪԭɫ
?
physiologically
adv.ʣ

= =
piano
piano 1
AHD:[p?-2n?, py2n?] 
D.J.[pi86#n*&, 6pj#n*&]
K.K.[pi6#no, 6pj#no]
n.ʣ
 pi.an.os ֡ 
An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.Also called  pianoforte 
٣һֲ˿߲̤ͨķʽʹ֮Ҳ  pianoforte
?
Italian 
 
short for pianoforte * see  pianoforte 
 pianoforteļд *μ pianoforte
?
piano
piano 2
AHD:[p?-?n?, py?-] ֡ 
D.J.[pi86$8n*&, 6pj$8-]
K.K.[pi6$no, 6pj$-]
adv.ʣ
adj.Abbr. p,p.ݴʣд p,p.
In a soft or quiet tone. Used chiefly as a direction.
أģ΢أģ򰲾Ҫݳָʾ
n.ʣ
 pi.a.nos 
A passage to be played softly or quietly.
ֶΣҪ򾲾Ķ
?
Italian 
 
from Late Latin pl3s [smooth, graceful] 
Դ  pl3s [ƽȵģŵ] 
from Latin [flat] * see  pel- 2
Դ  [ƽ̹] *μ pel- 2

= =
picnic
pic.nic
AHD:[p1kn1k] 
D.J.[6p!kn!k]
K.K.[6p!kn!k]
n.ʣ
A meal eaten outdoors, as on an excursion.
Ұͣòͣڻòͣ罼ʱ
Slang An easy task or a pleasant experience.
ٵ ɵĹľ
A shoulder of pork from which most of the butt has been removed.
ȣ޳󲿷ֺƤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pic.nicked,pic.nick.ing,pic.nics 
To go on or participate in a picnic.
ȥҰͣμҰ
?
French piquenique 
 piquenique 
probably reduplication of piquer [to pick] * see  pique 
Ϊ piquerص [ʰ] *μ pique
?
picnicker
n.ʣ
picnicky
adj.ݴʣ

= =
picture
pic.ture
AHD:[p1kchr] 
D.J.[6p!kt.*]
K.K.[6p!kt.+]
n.ʣ
A visual representation or image painted, drawn, photographed, or otherwise rendered on a flat surface.
滭ͼ滭ջƽϵӾֻ
A visible image, especially one on a flat surface:
ɫӾָƽϵľɫ
the picture reflected in the lake.
ӳľɫ
A vivid or realistic verbal description:
ʵд
a Shakespearean picture of guilt.
ɯʿǶд
A vivid mental image.
е
A person or an object bearing a marked resemblance to another:
ƣһ˻мԵ˻
She's the picture of her mother.

A person, an object, or a scene that typifies or embodies an emotion, a state of mind, or a mood:
̬廯һ̬ˡɫ
Your face was the very picture of horror.
Գ־
The chief circumstances of an event or time; a situation.
龰¼ʱҪ
A movie.
Ӱ
A tableau vivant.
̨ͣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pic.tured,pic.tur.ing,pic.tures 
To make a visible representation of.
չʾԡӾϵı
To form a mental image of; visualize.
룬ʹγӾ
To describe vividly in words; make a verbal picture of:
棻ƳһĻ
He pictured her heroism in glowing language.See Synonyms at represent 
Ӣ¼μ represent
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin pict?a 
Դ  pict?a 
from pictus [painted] [past participle of] pingere [to paint] * see  peig- 
Դ pictus [滭]  [] pingereĹȥִ [滭] *μ peig- 

= =
pie
pie 1
AHD:[po] 
D.J.[pa!]
K.K.[pa!]
n.ʣ
A baked food composed of a shell of pastry that is filled with fruit, meat, cheese, or other ingredients, and usually covered with a pastry crust.
ڱˮɣһˮ⡢һԭϵɿʳƷͨһƤ
A layer cake having cream, custard, or jelly filling.
ֲ͡׻ļв㵰
A whole that can be shared:
ܶȫ壺Էֳɼݵ
That would . . . enlarge the economic pie by making the most productive use of every investment dollar(New York Times)
ķʽÿһͶʣӾóɹ(ŦԼʱ)
?
pie in the sky
An empty wish or promise:
룺ʵֵԸŵԣ
To outlaw deficits . . . is pie in the sky(Howard H. Baker, Jr.)
ֻ֡ǿ¥(СH.)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
The etymology of the wordpie  turns etymologists into Simple Simons, that is, we do not know what it is for certain.It may come from Medieval Latinpica  or pia,  pie, pasty, but we 
do not know the origins of these wordsand the earliest use of the Middle English wordpie  is earlier (1199) than the first use of Medieval Latin pica  (c. 1310) or pia  (1230). It has been 
suggested that Medieval Latinpica  may be from Latin po,  magpie. The connection could have been made because the miscellaneous nature of pie ingredients might have brought 
to mind either the magpie's piebald coloration or its habit of collecting miscellaneous items.In any case, the first pies contained fowl, fish, or meat;the first certain recorded mention of a 
fruit pie is in Robert Greene'sArcadia,  published in 1590: Thy breath is like the steame of apple-pyes.
Pie ĴԴѴԴѧұɵӣ Ҳ˵ǶԴ޷ȷԴpica  pia Ϊڱţ ǲ֪ЩʵĴԴӢ
pie ʹã1199꣩ pica Ԫ1310꣩ pia 1230꣩ʹûҪ硣 Ҳ˵pica ԴΪϲȵ pica  ϵ
ԼΪڱԭϻӵ뵽ϲȵɫëռָϰߡڱ⡢ڣˮġȷ¼ڳ
1590޲ءֵƷ У ĺƻɵ
?
pie
pie 2
AHD:[po] 
D.J.[pa!]
K.K.[pa!]
n.ʣ
See  magpie 
μ  magpie 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin poa 
Դ  poa 
?
pie
pie 3
AHD:[po] 
D.J.[pa!]
K.K.[pa!]
n.ʣ
A monetary unit formerly in use in India and Pakistan.
ɣӡȺͰͻ˹̹ǰõһֻҵλ
?
Hindi p3o} 
ӡ p3o} 
from Sanskrit p33} [quarter] 
Դ  p33} [ķ֮һ] 
from p3t  p3d- [foot, leg] * see  ped- 
Դ p3t  p3d- [ţ] *μ ped- 
?
pie
pie 4
AHD:[po] 
D.J.[pa!]
K.K.[pa!]
n.ʣ
An almanac of services used in the English church before the Reformation.
տι飬տαڽ̸ĸǰӢ̻ʹõһ
?
Medieval Latin poa 
 poa 
?
pie
pie 5
AHD:[po] 
D.J.[pa!]
K.K.[pa!]
n.ʣ
v.Printing ʣӡˢ 
Variant of pi 2
 piı2
?
PIE
PIE
abbr.
 Proto-Indo-European 
Proto-Indo-European

= =
piece
piece
AHD:[p?s] 
D.J.[pi8s]
K.K.[pis]
n.ʣ
A thing considered as a unit or an element of a larger thing, quantity, or class; a portion:
һ֣һΣΪǽϴ塢һλԪصĶһ֣
a piece of string.
һϸ
A portion or part that has been separated from a whole:
һݣһ飺ѴϷһֻһݣ
a piece of cake.
һ鵰
An object that is one member of a group or class:
еһһһеһԱ壺
a piece of furniture.
һҾ
An artistic, musical, or literary work or composition:
һƷһֻѧƷ
They are lively and well-plotted pieces, both in prose(Tucker Brooke)
Ʒ϶ǺھɵƷ(ˡ³)
An instance; a specimen:
һӣһƷ
a piece of sheer folly.
һޱ
A declaration of one's opinions or findings:
ĳ˹۵
speak one's piece.
ĳ˵
A coin:
һöӲң
a ten-cent piece.
һöʮӲ
Games 
Ϸ 
One of the counters or figures used in playing various board games.
룺永Ϸʱõһ
Any one of the chess figures other than a pawn.
ӣгһ
Slang A firearm, especially a rifle.
ٵ ǹǹڣָǹ
Informal A given distance:
ʽ һضľ룺
There was farm country down the road on the right a piece(James Agee)
·ֱһξ֮иׯ(ղķ˹)
Vulgar Slang A sexually attractive person.
 ٵ Ըе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pieced,piec.ing,piec.es 
To mend by adding pieces or a piece to.
޲ͨһֻ򼸲޲
To join or unite the pieces of:
ӣϣӺϻƴ𡭵Ƭ
He pieced together the vase. She pieced together an account of what had gone on during the stormy meeting.
ѻƿƬճǳҵĻһƴǳ߳
?
a piece of (one's) mind
Frank and severe criticism; censure.
ָ̹׶ָϿ
of a piece
Belonging to the same class or kind.
Ƶģͬģͬͬ
piece by piece
In stages:
𲽵أ
took the clock apart piece by piece.
һһذӱ
piece of the actionٵ
A share of an activity or of profits:
һݣһжӦֵõһݣ
a piece of the action in a Florida land deal(Shana Alexander)
Լеһ桱(ɯɡɽ)
?
Middle English pece 
йӢ pece 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *pettia 
Դ  *pettia 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 

= =
pierce
pierce
AHD:[p?rs] 
D.J.[p!*s]
K.K.[p!rs]
v.ʣ
pierced,pierc.ing,pierc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut or pass through with or as if with a sharp instrument; stab or penetrate.
룬̴ûü񹤾򴩹̴
To make a hole or opening in; perforate.
ڣڣڡһӣ
To make a way through:
ͻƣ
The path pierced the wilderness.
·Ұ
To sound sharply through:
ƣ
His shout pierced the din.
Ľк
To succeed in penetrating (something) with the eyes or the intellect:
Ϥ͸Ŀ򶴲ĳ£
Large glowing yellow eyes pierced the darkness.
һ˫Ļ۾Ϥ˺ڰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To penetrate into or through something:
͸򴩹ĳ
The rocket pierced through space.
̫
?
Middle English percen 
йӢ percen 
from Old French percer 
Դ ŷ percer 
probably from Vulgar Latin *pert?3re} 
Դ  *pert?3re} 
from Latin pert?s [past participle of] pertundere [to bore through] 
Դ  pert?s  [] pertundereĹȥִ [] 
per- [per-] 
per- [ǰ׺ʾͨ͸] 
tundere [to beat] 
tundere [򣬻] 
?
piercer
n.ʣ
piercing
adj.ݴʣ
piercingly
adv.ʣ
?
Pierce
Pierce
AHD:[p?rs] Franklin (1804-1869) 
D.J.[p!*s]
K.K.[p!rs]
NONE޴ԣ
The 14th President of the United States (1853-1857). He was unable to reconcile the issue of slavery that divided the United States.
Ƥ˹֣(1804-1869) ʮͳ(1853-1857꣩ûܹʹѵū

= =
pig
pig
AHD:[p1g] 
D.J.[p!g]
K.K.[p!g]
n.ʣ
Any of several mammals of the family Suidae, having short legs, cloven hoofs, bristly hair, and a cartilaginous snout used for digging, especially the domesticated hog,Sus scrofa,  
when young or of comparatively small size. 
һƲ鶯жȡּ㣬ӲëǵĴӣھָ׻ԽСʱҰ  
The edible parts of one of these mammals.
⣺ֲ鶯Ŀʳò
Informal A person regarded as being piglike, greedy, or gross.
ʽ ⤣һˣΪһģ̰Ļֵ
A crude block of metal, chiefly iron or lead, poured from a smelting furnace.
飺¯е飬ҪǦ
A mold in which such metal is cast.
ģбģ
Pig iron.

Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a police officer.
 ٵ 죺Ծı
Slang A member of the social or political establishment, especially one holding sexist or racist views.
ٵ ߣߣμŵһԱָԱӹ۵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pigged,pig.ging,pigs 
To give birth to pigs; farrow.
У
?
pig out ٵ
To eat ravenously; gorge oneself:
̻ʣ̻ʵسԣԣ
a parent who asks a child, Would you like to pig out on pizza?(George F. Will)
һλʺӣһ?ļҳ(F.)
?
in a pig's eyeٵ
Under no condition; never.
Ӳ
pig in a poke
Something that is offered in a manner that conceals its true nature or value.
ʽڸʵԻֵĶ
pig itٵ
To live in a piglike fashion.
һ
?
Middle English pigge [young pig] 
йӢ pigge [С] 
probably from Old English *picga 
Դ Ӣ *picga 

= =
pigeon
pi.geon
AHD:[p1jn] 
D.J.[6p!d9*n]
K.K.[6p!d9*n]
n.ʣ
Any of various birds of the widely distributed family Columbidae, characteristically having deep-chested bodies, small heads, and short legs, especially the rock dove or any of its 
domesticated varieties.
ӣһֲַܹĸǿصкص壬ͷСȶָ̣ҰҸ
Slang One who is easily swindled; a dupe.
ٵ ɵϣϵƭˣױŪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pijon 
Դ ŷ pijon 
probably from Vulgar Latin *po?}  pobi?n- 
Դ  *po?}  pobi?n- 
alteration of Late Latin po?} [young chirping bird, squab] 
  po?ı仯} [еС񣬳] 
from poore} [to chirp] 
Դ poore} [] 
?
pigeon
pigeon 2
AHD:[p1jn] 
D.J.[6p!d/*n]
K.K.[6p!d/*n]
n.ʣ
An object of special concern; an affair or matter.
ĵ£رעĶ¼
?
Alteration of pidgin
Alteration of pidgin

= =
pile
pile 1
AHD:[pol] 
D.J.[pa!l]
K.K.[pa!l]
n.ʣ
A quantity of objects stacked or thrown together in a heap.See Synonyms at heap 
һѣһŷŻһһЩμ heap
Informal A large accumulation or quantity:
ʽ һѣĶѻ
a pile of trouble.
һ鷳
Slang A large sum of money; a fortune:
ٵ ǮƣƲһĿǮƲ
made their pile in the commodities market.
Ʒг˴Ǯ
A funeral pyre.
Ĳ
A very large building or complex of buildings.See Synonyms at building 
ãȺǳۺϽȺμ building
A nuclear reactor.
˷Ӧ¯
A voltaic pile.

v.ʣ
piled,pil.ing,piles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or lay in or as if in a pile or heap:
𣬵𣺰ѻ󰴶ѷŻڣ
piled books onto the table.
϶
To load (something) with a heap or pile:
ڡϣѻŷڣĳϣ
piled the table with books.

To heap (something) in abundance:
ѻĳ
piled potato salad onto the plate.
ڵгһɳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a heap or pile.
ѳɶѣѻ
To move in, out, or forward in a disorderly mass or group:
ӵȺƶ
pile into a bus; pile out of a car.
ӵϣ
?
pile up
To accumulate.
ۣ
Informal To undergo a serious vehicular collision.
ʽ ײһؽͨײ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin poa [pillar] 
Դ  poa [] 
?
pile
pile 2
AHD:[pol] 
D.J.[pa!l]
K.K.[pa!l]
n.ʣ
A heavy beam of timber, concrete, or steel, driven into the earth as a foundation or support for a structure.
׮ľͷˮ̶ֵڵΪĳһṹĻ֧
Heraldry A wedge-shaped charge pointing downward.
ѧ ШͨͼǣһͷµШͼ
A Roman javelin.
ǹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
piled,pil.ing,piles 
To drive piles into.
׮롭
To support with piles.
׮֧
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pol [shaft, stake] 
Դ Ӣ pol [ˣ׮] 
from Latin pom [spear, pestle] 
Դ  pom [ì] 
?
pile
pile 3
AHD:[pol] 
D.J.[pa!l]
K.K.[pa!l]
n.ʣ
Cut or uncut loops of yarn forming the surface of certain fabrics, such as velvet, plush, and carpeting.
ëͷδɴ߻ĳЩ֯ޡë޺͵̺֯ϵı
The surface so formed.
棺γɵı
Soft, fine hair, fur, or wool.
ëϸëëϸëëƤë
?
From Middle English piles [hair, plumage] 
Դ йӢ piles [ëë] 
probably from Middle Dutch pijl [fine hair] 
Դ йź pijl [ϸë] 
Middle Low German pile [downy plumage] 
йŵ͵ص pile [ëë] 
both from Latin pilus [hair] 
Դ  pilus [ë] 
?
piled
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pill
pill 1
AHD:[p1l] 
D.J.[p!l]
K.K.[p!l]
n.ʣ
A small pellet or tablet of medicine, often coated, taken by swallowing whole or by chewing.
ҩƬҩ裺һСһСƬҩͨ£»׽ķʽ
Informal An oral contraceptive. Used withthe.  
ʽ ڷҩthe һ 
Slang Something, such as a baseball, that resembles a pellet of medicine.
ٵ ״СҩһĶ
Something both distasteful and necessary.
޷ӱܵ££ᵫ
Slang An insipid or ill-natured person.
ٵ ļһ˷ζƢ
v.ʣ
pilled,pil.ling,pills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dose with pills.
ҩ
To make into pills.
ѡƳҩ
Slang To blackball.
ٵ ͶƱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form small balls resembling pills:
״γҩһС
a sweater that pills.
ë
?
Middle English pille 
йӢ pille 
from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German pille 
Դ йźйŵ͵ص pille 
Old French pile 
ŷ pile 
all from Latin pilula [diminutive of] pila [ball] 
Դ  pilula  [] pilaС׺ [] 
?
pill
pill 2
AHD:[p1l] 
D.J.[p!l]
K.K.[p!l]
v.ʣ
pilled,pil.ling,pills 
v.intr.Chiefly British ﶯʣӢ 
To come off, as in flakes or scales.
׶ɣɣһƬƬһ
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To subject to extortion.
٣Ӷ᣺թ
?
Middle English pillen [to plunder, peel] 
йӢ pillen [ӶᣬȥƤ] 
from Old English pilian * see  peel 1
Դ Ӣ pilian *μ peel1
and from Old French piller [to plunder] * see  pillage 
Դ ŷ piller [Ӷᣬ] *μ pillage

= =
pillar
pil.lar
AHD:[p1lr] 
D.J.[6p!l*]
K.K.[6p!l+]
n.ʣ
A slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column.
ӣ֧ϸŵĴֱ֧
Such a structure or one similar to it used for decoration.
̨װεӽṹ֧
One who occupies a central or responsible position:
ռĻְλˣ
a pillar of the state.
Ҷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pil.lared,pil.lar.ing,pil.lars 
To support or decorate with pillars or a pillar.
֧ţװΣһ֧Żװ
?
from pillar to post
From one place to another; hither and thither.
һһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pilier 
Դ ŷ pilier 
from Medieval Latin po3re} 
Դ  po3re} 
from Latin poa 
Դ  poa 

= =
pillow
pil.low
AHD:[p1l?] 
D.J.[6p!l*&]
K.K.[6p!lo]
n.ʣ
A cloth case, stuffed with something soft, such as down, feathers, or foam rubber, used to cushion the head, especially during sleep.
ͷװĲӣëëĭ𽺣ָ˯ʱͷ
A decorative cushion.
ӣװξĵ
The pad on which bobbin lace is made.
ߵӣϱ֯ߵĵ
v.ʣ
pil.lowed,pil.low.ing,pil.lows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rest (one's head) on or as if on a pillow.
ϣͷڻͷ
To serve as a pillow for:
ͷã
Grass pillowed my head.
ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rest on or as if on a pillow.
ԡΪͷڻ
To assume the shape of a pillow.
ͷٶΪͷ״
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pyle 
Դ Ӣ pyle 
from West Germanic *pulwo} 
Դ ն *pulwo} 
from Latin pulvos 
Դ  pulvos 
?
pillowy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pilot
pi.lot
AHD:[polt] 
D.J.[6pa!l*t]
K.K.[6pa!l*t]
n.ʣ
One who operates or is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight.
Աڷмʻʸʻɻ
Nautical 
 
One who, though not belonging to a ship's company, is licensed to conduct a ship into and out of port or through dangerous waters.
Ա䲻ִĴԱʸһִۻͨΣˮ
The helmsman of a ship.
֣ƶ
One who guides or directs a course of action for others.
쵼ˣ쵼ָ˻
The part of a tool, device, or machine that leads or guides the whole.
ˡǣ쵼ߡһ
A pilot light, as in a stove.
ĸú¯
A television program produced as a prototype of a series being considered for adoption by a network.
ԲĿǰĿһΪϵнĿеĵӽĿԱĳһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pi.lot.ed,pi.lot.ing,pi.lots 
To serve as the pilot of.
Ա
To steer or control the course of.See Synonyms at guide 
ƽ̲μ guide
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as a tentative model for future experiment or development:
ԵģΪչԷģ
a pilot project.
ԵĿ
Serving or leading as guide.
ͷĻ
?
Obsolete French [helmsman] 
ѷϷ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian pilota 
Դ  pilota 
alteration of pedota 
 pedotaı仯 
probably from Medieval Greek *p??t?s} 
Դ ϣ *p??t?s} 
from Greek p?n [steering oar] * see  ped- 
Դ ϣ p?n [] *μ ped- 
?
The pilot of an aircraft flying through the air has a foot on the ground not literallybut etymologically.If we poke around in the etymological soil for the roots of the wordpilot,  we find that it 
goes back to the Indo-European rootped-,  meaning foot. From the lengthened-grade suffixed formp?-  came the Greek word p?,  blade of an oar, and in the plural, rudder. In 
Medieval Greekthere is assumed to have existed the derivativep??t?s,}  steersman, which passed into Old Italian and acquired several forms,includingpedota,  and pilota,  the 
form that was borrowed into Old French aspilot.  English borrowed the word from French,and aspilot  it has moved from the water to the air, first being recorded in 1848 with reference to 
an airborne pilota balloonist.
ԱһŲȵطɽ仰佲ͨڴԴȴԡΪҵpilot ĸԴԴ ǻᷢԴӡŷϵʸped- Ϊš Ӽӳʸ
׺ʽpedo- ǵõϣ pedon Ҷʽ桱 ͵ϣݳpedotes ֡ ôʽ˹ﲢһЩʽpedota 
 pilota  Щʽùpilot  ӢֽԷpilot ˮϱõϣ 1848һָϷԱʻԱ

= =
pin
pin
AHD:[p1n] 
D.J.[p!n]
K.K.[p!n]
n.ʣ
A short, straight, stiff piece of wire with a blunt head and a sharp point, used especially for fastening.
ͷ룺һһͷһͷĶֱ̡Ӳ˿ڹ̶
Something, such as a safety pin, that resembles such a piece of wire in shape or use.
룺ȫĶλ;һ˿
A whit; a jot:
СС£޼ֵСС£
didn't care a pin about the matter.
һҲ
A slender, usually cylindrical piece of wood or metal for holding or fastening parts together, or serving as a support for suspending one thing from another, as:
ӣӣһϸҳΪԲεľƻʹλ̶ʹһһ磺
A thin rod for securing the ends of fractured bones.
ֶһ̶ֹѿͷĩ˵ϸ
A peg for fixing the crown to the root of a tooth.
ڹ̶ϵĶ
A cotter pin.

The part of a key stem entering a lock.
Կףײ
Music One of the pegs securing the strings and regulating their tension on a stringed instrument.
֡ ᣬ̶һҵɽĲ
Nautical A belaying pin.
 ϵ˨
Nautical A thole pin.
 ˨
An ornament fastened to clothing by means of a clasp.
룺һֱϵ
A rolling pin.
ߦ
Sports 
˶ 
One of the wooden clubs at which the ball is aimed in bowling.
ľбľ֮һ
A flagstick.

See  fall 
μ  fall 
pins Informal The legs:
 pins ʽ ȣ˫ȣ
spry for his age, and steady on his pins.
ȴȽ
Electronics A lead on a device that plugs into a socket to connect the device to a system.
ѧ ͷһ豸ͷпʹ豸һϵͳ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
Any of the pegs on the platen of a printer, which engage holes at the edges of paper.
룺ӡѹֽͲϵ룬ֽűԵ
Any of the styluses that form a dot matrix on a printer.
룺һڴӡγɵĴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pinned,pin.ning,pins 
To fasten or secure with or as if with a pin or pins.
ñסññ̶ס
To transfix.
ס̴ס
To place in a position of trusting dependence:
ڣԵظڣ
He pinned his faith on an absurdity.
Ż
To hold fast; immobilize:
ʹסʹ
The passenger was pinned under the wreckage of the truck.
󣬳˿ͱס
Sports To win a fall from in wrestling.
˶ ˤڵأˤУԷˤڵضʤ
To give (a woman) a fraternity pin in token of attachment.
ԼѧͣŮˣΪ
adj.ݴʣ
Having a grain suggestive of the heads of pins. Used of leather.
ͷСģƤָͷС
?
pin down
To fix or establish clearly:
סع̶
was finally able to pin down the cause of the disease.
ȷ
To force (someone) to give firm opinions or precise information:
ǿŵǿĳṩȷȷϢ
The reporter pinned the governor down on the issue of capital punishment.
ǿݳϷȷп
pin on
To attribute (a wrongdoing or crime):
»йڡ
The murder was pinned on the wrong defendant.
汻ضıɱ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pinn 
Դ Ӣ pinn 
perhaps from Latin pinna [feather] * see  pet- 
Դ  pinna [ë] *μ pet- 
?
PIN
PIN
AHD:[p1n] 
D.J.[p!n]
K.K.[p!n]
abbr.
 personal identification number 
personal identification number

= =
pinch
pinch
AHD:[p1nch] 
D.J.[p!nt.]
K.K.[p!nt.]
v.ʣ
pinched,pinch.ing,pinch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To squeeze between the thumb and a finger, the jaws of a tool, or other edges.
ڴĴָһָߵļƬڼ໥ѹ
To squeeze or bind (a part of the body) in such a way as to cause discomfort or pain:
ʹʹĳַʽУĳ֣ɲʺʹ
These shoes pinch my toes.
˫Ь
To nip, wither, or shrivel:
ʹֲήл󣬿ήή
buds that were pinched by the frost; a face that was pinched with grief.
˪ϮήĻ٣ʹŤ
To straiten:
ʹȱƣ
A year and a half of the blockade has pinched Germany(William L. Shirer)
һķʹ¹ή(L.)
Slang To take (money or property) unlawfully; steal.See Synonyms at steal 
ٵ ȡȡǷȡãǮ͵ȡμ steal
Slang To take into custody; arrest.
ٵ 
To move (something) by means of a pinch bar.
˸ƶĳ
Nautical To head (a boat) very close into the wind.
 ʻʹӭŷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To press, squeeze, or bind painfully:
ʹѹʹʹѹ
This collar pinches.
ӽղ
To be miserly.
ϧԼ
Nautical To drag an oar at the end of a stroke.
 ϽһλϽ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of pinching.
ššȶʵ
An amount that can be held between thumb and forefinger:
һ飬
a pinch of rosemary.
һԵ
A painful, difficult, or straitened circumstance:
ѣʹࡢѻȵĴ
felt the pinch of the recession.
еʱڵ
An emergency situation:

This coat will do in a pinch.
·Ҫ
A narrowing of a mineral deposit, as in a mine.
٣ļ٣ú
Informal A theft.
ʽ ͵
Slang An arrest by a law enforcement officer.
ٵ ִԱ
adj.Baseball ݴʣ 
Relating to pinch-hitting or pinch runners:
油ģ油油Աģ
a pinch single; a pinch steal of second base.
沶һݰ򣻵ڶ油͵
?
pinch penniesʽ
To be thrifty or miserly.
ĵģڽڼĵ
?
Middle English pinchen 
йӢ pinchen 
from Old North French *pinchier 
Դ ŷ *pinchier 
variant of Old French pincier 
 ŷ pincierı 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *po3re} 
Դ  *po3re} 

= =
pine
pine 1
AHD:[pon] 
D.J.[pa!n]
K.K.[pa!n]
n.ʣ
Any of various evergreen trees of the genusPinus,  having fascicles of needle-shaped leaves and producing woody, seed-bearing cones. These trees are widely cultivated for ornament 
and shade and for their timber and resinous sap, which yields turpentine and pine tar. 
һ ״ҶҲľʴѵΪװΡľĺͲͺɽ͵֬㷺ֲ 
Any of various other coniferous trees, such as the Norfolk Island pine.
Ҷ״Ҷ״ḣ˵
The wood of any of these trees.
ľľ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
pine floors; pine walls.
ľذ壻ľǽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English po-  as in pow [pine tree] 
Դ Ӣ po-   pow [] 
from Latin pos * see  pei- 
Դ  pos *μ pei- 
?
pine
pine 2
AHD:[pon] 
D.J.[pa!n]
K.K.[pa!n]
v.ʣ
pined,pin.ing,pines 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire.See Synonyms at yearn 
ָ˼Ըμ yearn
To wither or waste away from longing or grief:
ݣ㲣ʹݻ˥
pined away and died.
˶
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To grieve or mourn for.
Ϊ
n.Archaic ʣ 
Intense longing or grief.
ʹʹȱʹ
?
Middle English pinen 
йӢ pinen 
from Old English pon [to cause to suffer] 
Դ Ӣ pon [ܿ] 
from *poe [pain] 
Դ *poe [ʹ] 
from Vulgar Latin *p?a [penalty] 
Դ  *p?a [ͷ] 
variant of Latin poena 
  poenaı 
from Greek poin?} * see  k wei- 1
Դ ϣ poin?} *μ k wei- 1

= =
pink
pink 1
AHD:[p1ngk] 
D.J.[p!0k]
K.K.[p!0k]
n.ʣ
Color Any of a group of colors reddish in hue, of medium to high lightness, and of low to moderate saturation.
ɫʡ ۺɫɫԴɫɫеһ飬еߵȣʶȱͶȴӵ͵е
Any of various plants of the genusDianthus,  such as the carnation and sweet William, often cultivated for their showy, fragrant flowers. 
ʯһʯ ֲ翵ܰʯȣĻֲ 
Any of various other plants, such as the wild pink and the moss pink.
ʯֲࣺһ֣ѩֺҶ
A flower of any of these plants.
ʯ񻨣ֲĻ
The highest or best degree:
㣬ȣ
in the pink of health.
弫
pinks 
 pinks 
Light-colored trousers formerly worn as part of the winter semidress uniform by U.S. Army officers.
ɫӣ½پʱװƷĵɫ
The scarlet coat worn by fox hunters.
ɫ£Ժߴɫ
Slang A pinko.
ٵ Ƚϼ
adj.ݴʣ
pink.er,pink.est 
Color Of the color pink.
ɫʡ ۺɫ
Slang Having moderately leftist political opinions.
ٵ Ϊģι۵Դɫʵ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
pinkness
n.ʣ
?
pink
pink 2
AHD:[p1ngk] 
D.J.[p!0k]
K.K.[p!0k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pinked,pink.ing,pinks 
To stab lightly with a pointed weapon; prick.
̡ش̣
To decorate with a perforated pattern.
Сͼÿͼװ
To cut with pinking shears.
þ״
?
Middle English pinken 
йӢ pinken 
?
pink
pink 3
AHD:[p1ngk]  Ҳ pink.ie   pink.y [p1ngk?] 
D.J.[p!0k] Ҳ pink.ie   pink.y [6p!0ki8]
K.K.[p!0k] Ҳ pink.ie   pink.y [6p!0ki]
n.ʣ
 pinks Ҳ pink.ies   
A sailing vessel with a narrow overhanging stern.
β洬ββʵķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Dutch pinke 
Դ йź pinke 

= =
pint
pint
AHD:[pont] 
D.J.[pa!nt]
K.K.[pa!nt]
n.Abbr. p.,pt.ʣд p.,pt.
A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to !/8 gallon or 16 ounces (0.473 liter).
ƷѣλҺλ!/8ػ16˾(0.473
A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in dry measure, equal to !/16 peck or ? quart (0.551 liter).
λƷѣĸλ!/16˻?(0.551
A unit of volume or capacity in the British Imperial System, used in dry and liquid measure, equal to 0.568 liter.See table at measurement 
ӢƣƷѣӢλҺλ0.568μ measurement
A container with a pint capacity.
һƷѵ
The amount of a substance that can be held in such a container.
һƷĶװĶ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һƷѣģһʣ
pint bottles; pint capacity.
һƷƿһƷ
?
Middle English pinte [a unit of volume] 
йӢ pinte [λ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *poa [mark on a container] [from feminine of] .ponctus 
Դ  *poa [ϵı־]  [] ԴԡponctusԴ 
past participle of Latin pingere [to paint] * see  peig- 
  pingereĹȥִ [Ϳ] *μ peig- 

= =
pioneer
pi.o.neer
AHD:[po-n?r] 
D.J.[7pa!*6n!*]
K.K.[7pa!*6n!r]
n.ʣ
One who ventures into unknown or unclaimed territory to settle.
ػߣߣðս벻֪ռеĵطӵ
One who opens up new areas of thought, research, or development:
ߣȷ棬ʼˣչ˼롢о򿪷ˣ
a pioneer in aviation.
ҵ
A soldier who performs construction and demolition work in the field to facilitate troop movements.
ṤսϣɽƻԱ󲿶жʿ
Ecology An animal or plant species that establishes itself in a previously barren environment.
̬ѧ ڲë֮ĳֲֶ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of early settlers:
ߵģػߵػйصģػصģ
the pioneer spirit.
ػľ
Leading the way; trailblazing:
ȷģصģ
a pioneer treatment for cancer.
Ը֢ĿƷ
v.ʣ
pi.o.neered,pi.o.neer.ing,pi.o.neers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To open up (an area) or prepare (a way):
·죺򿪣򣩻׼;
rockets that pioneered outer space.
ռĻ
To settle (a region).
ڣһ
To initiate or participate in the development of:
򳫵ĳչ
surgeons who pioneered organ transplants.
״ֲҽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act as a pioneer:
٣أ
pioneered in development of the laser.
ؼ
?
French pionnier 
 pionnier 
from Old French peonier [foot soldier] 
Դ ŷ peonier [] 
from peon 
Դ peon 
from Medieval Latin ped?}  ped?n- 
Դ  ped?}  ped?n- 
from Late Latin [one who has broad feet] 
Դ  [ƽ] 
from Latin p?s  ped- [foot] * see  ped- 
Դ  p?s  ped- [㣬] *μ ped- 

= =
pipe
pipe
AHD:[pop] 
D.J.[pa!p]
K.K.[pa!p]
n.ʣ
A hollow cylinder or tube used to conduct a liquid, gas, or finely divided solid.
ӣܣ͹ܣ䵼Һ塢ϸĩĹ״пԲ
A section or piece of such a tube.
صܣֹӵһֻһ
A device for smoking, consisting of a tube of wood, clay, or other material with a small bowl at one end.
̶ͲþߣľͷճɵĹӣһͷС
An amount of smoking material, such as tobacco, needed to fill the bowl of a pipe; a pipeful.
һͲһѩѵϵװһ̶һ
Informal 
ʽ 
A tubular part or organ of the body.
״٣״ֻ
pipes The passages of the human respiratory system.
 pipes ٣ϵͳͨ
Abbr. p.
д p.
A wine cask having a capacity of 126 gallons or 2 hogsheads (478 liters).
Ͱһ־ͰΪ126ػͰ(478
This volume as a unit of liquid measure.
һͰҺλΪһҺλ
Abbr. p.Music 
д p.֡ 
A tubular wind instrument, such as a flute.
״
Any of the tubes in an organ.
еĹ״ṹ
pipes A small wind instrument, consisting of tubes of different lengths bound together.
 pipes һСεĴɸֲͬȹ
pipes A bagpipe.
 pipes 
pipes Informal The vocal cords; the voice, especially as used in singing.
 pipes ʽ ɤӣ٣ָ質ʱ
A birdcall.

Nautical A whistle used for signaling crew members:
 Աźŵ
a boatswain's pipe.
ˮֳ
Geology 
ѧ 
A vertical, cylindrical vein of ore.
״ֱĹ״
One of the vertical veins of eruptive origin in which diamonds are found in South Africa.
Ͳ״һֱɵͲ״Ϸǵĸֿзʯ
Geology An eruptive passageway opening into the crater of a volcano.
ѧ ׵ֱͨɽڵͨ
Metallurgy A cone-shaped cavity in a steel ingot, formed during cooling by escaping gases.
ұѧ ģףܣϵ׶οףȴʱ
v.ʣ
piped,pip.ing,pipes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convey (liquid or gas) by means of pipes.
ùܵ䣨Һ壩
To convey as if by pipes, especially to transmit by wire or cable:
ָͣͬͨܵͣõ߻ͣ
piped music into the store.
봢
To provide with pipes or connect with pipes.
ΪװӣܵװϹܵùܵ
To play (a tune) on a pipe or pipes.
ָ֣ࣨ
To lead by playing on pipes.
ָ
Nautical 
 
To signal (crew members) with a boatswain's pipe.
óڱˮֳĳˮʾ
To receive aboard or mark the departure of by sounding a boatswain's pipe.
óڻӭͱˮֳĿӭӻʾ
To utter in a shrill, reedy tone.
üɤ˵
To furnish (a garment or fabric) with piping.
Ϊߣߣѻװ·֯
To force through a pastry tube, as frosting onto a cake.
ڸѻ
Slang To take a look at; notice.
ٵ ע⵽
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play on a pipe.
֣
To speak shrilly; make a shrill sound.
ɤӸ˵
To chirp or whistle, as a bird does.
ؽУƵؼ
Nautical To signal the crew with a boatswain's pipe.
 ڣˮֳĳˮʾ
Metallurgy To develop conical cavities during solidification.
ұѧ γܣʱγ
?
pipe down ٵ
To stop talking; be quiet.
ʹֹͣ˵
pipe up
To speak up.
˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English poe 
Դ Ӣ poe 
from Vulgar Latin *poa 
Դ  *poa 
from Latin po3re} [to chirp] 
Դ  po3re} [] 

= =
pipeline
pipe.line
AHD:[poplon] 
D.J.[6pa!p7la!n]
K.K.[6pa!p7la!n]
n.ʣ
A conduit of pipe, especially one used for the conveyance of water, gas, or petroleum products.
ܵߣһָˮʯͲƷ͹ܵ
A direct channel by which information is privately transmitted.
;Ϣܴ͵ֱͨ
A system through which something is conducted, especially as a means of supply:
һϵͳָ;
Farther down the pipeline are three other approaches to vaccine development(Boston Globe)
⣬ֲţ;(ʿٻ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pipe.lined,pipe.lin.ing,pipe.lines 
To convey by or as if by a system of pipes.
ùܵͣͨͨܵϵͳ
To lay a system of pipes through.
Ϊװܵùܵͨϵͳ

= =
pistol
pis.tol
AHD:[p1stl] 
D.J.[6p!st*l]
K.K.[6p!st*l]
n.ʣ
A firearm designed to be held and fired with one hand.
ǹһһֳֻղ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pis.toled,pis.tol.ing,pis.tols 
To shoot with such a handgun.
ǹǹ
?
French pistole 
 pistole 
from German 
Դ  
from Middle High German pischulle 
Դ йŸߵص pischulle 
from Czech pi?'tala [pipe, whistle, firearm] 
Դ ݿ pi?'tala [ӣڣ] 
from pi?ti [to whistle] 
Դ pi?ti [] 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 

= =
pit
pit 1
AHD:[p1t] 
D.J.[p!t]
K.K.[p!t]
n.ʣ
A natural or artificial hole or cavity in the ground.
ӣһȻĻ˹ĶѨ
An excavation for the removal of mineral deposits; a mine.
ӵΪĿеھ򣻿
The shaft of a mine.
ӣĿ󾮻
A concealed hole in the ground used as a trap; a pitfall.
壺صĶ
Hell.

A miserable or depressing place or situation.
һɱĴ
pits Slang The worst. Used withthe : 
 pits ٵ ģġthe ã 
New York politics are the pits(Washington Star)
ŦԼ⡱(ʢ֮)
A small indentation in a surface:
СۣСݣ
pits in a windshield.
ϵС
A natural hollow or depression in the body or an organ.
ϵģѣȻĶ
A small indented scar left in the skin by smallpox or other eruptive disease; a pockmark.
컨µģСƵỊ̇컨ԼƤϵģ
Informal An armpit. Often used in the plural.
ʽ ҸѣҸѣø
An enclosed, usually sunken area in which animals, such as dogs or gamecocks, are placed for fighting.
Ϳͳأһֳµв
The section directly in front of and below the stage of a theater, in which the musicians sit.
ֶϯھ糡̨ǰ·Ĳ֣ʦ
Chiefly British The ground floor of a theater behind the stalls.
Ӣ ڣԺǰںĵײ
The section of an exchange where trading in a specific commodity is carried on.
׳أڵһ֣ǿｻضƷ
The gambling area of a casino.
ֳ̨ڵĶĲ
A sunken area in a garage floor from which mechanics may work on cars.
޳أһݵĳأڴ
Often pits Sports An area beside an auto racecourse where cars may be refueled or serviced during a race. Used withthe.  
  pits ˶ վվһܵټͻĵطthe  
Football The middle areas of the defensive and offensive lines.
 غͽ߼м
Botany A cavity in the wall of a plant cell where there is no secondary wall, as in fibers, tracheids, and vessels.
ֲѧ ƿףһûдڱڵֲϸǻάܰ͵
v.ʣ
pit.ted,pit.ting,pits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with cavities, depressions, or scars:
ʹ£ʹжػϲ㣺
a surface pitted with craters.
ӵı
To set in direct opposition or competition:
ʹֱӶλã
a war that pitted brother against brother.
һֱֵ֮Ӷս
To place, bury, or store in a pit.
ѡڣš򴢴ڿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become marked with pits.
𰼵㣺ÿӿ
To retain an impression after being indented. Used of the skin.
ݣ̰ۺ󱣳ӡǡƤ
To stop at a refueling area during an auto race.
ͣټ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pytt 
Դ Ӣ pytt 
ultimately from Latin puteus [well] * see  peu- 
Դ  puteus [] *μ peu- 
?
pit
pit 2
AHD:[p1t] 
D.J.[p!t]
K.K.[p!t]
n.ʣ
The single, central kernel or stone of certain fruits, such as a peach or cherry.
ˣĳЩˮĵĺ˻ʣһӣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pit.ted,pit.ting,pits 
To extract the pit from (a fruit).
ȥĺˣӣˮȡ
?
Dutch 
 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 

= =
pitch
pitch 1
AHD:[p1ch] 
D.J.[p!t.]
K.K.[p!t.]
n.ʣ
Any of various thick, dark, sticky substances obtained from the distillation residue of coal tar, wood tar, or petroleum and used for waterproofing, roofing, caulking, and paving.
ࣺ࣬ĳֺġڶճʣ̿ľʯ͵ʣڷˮݶ·
Any of various natural bitumens, such as mineral pitch or asphalt.
֬ȻࣺĳȻ࣬ʯ֬
A resin derived from the sap of various coniferous trees, as the pines.
֬֬ĳ֬ĳЩҶȡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pitched,pitch.ing,pitch.es 
To smear or cover with or as if with pitch.
Ϳา
?
Middle English pich 
йӢ pich 
from Old English pic 
Դ Ӣ pic 
and from Anglo-Norman piche 
Դ Ӣ piche 
both from Latin pix  pic- 
Դ  pix  pic- 
?
pitch
pitch 2
AHD:[p1ch] 
D.J.[p!t.]
K.K.[p!t.]
v.ʣ
pitched,pitch.ing,pitch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw, usually with careful aim.See Synonyms at throw 
ͶͶףͶָСĵ׼μ throw
To discard by throwing:
׿
pitched the can out the window.
׳һ
Baseball 
 
To throw (the ball) from the mound to the batter.
Ͷ򣺽ͶͶ
To play (a game) as pitcher.
УͶ
To assign as pitcher.
ָɡΪͶ
To erect or establish; set up:
𣬴𣬽
pitched a tent; pitch camp.
Ӫ
To set firmly; implant; embed:
εֲ룻
pitched stakes in the ground.
ڵϴ׮
To set at a specified downward slant:
ضбĽǶȣ
pitched the roof at a steep angle.
ݶɶбʽ
To set at a particular level, degree, or quality:
ĳ׼ȷĳˮƽ̶Ȼʣ
pitched her expectations too high.
־򶨵̫
Music To set the pitch or key of.
֡ Ϊ
To adapt so as to be applicable; direct:
ãָ
pitched his speech to the teenagers in the audience.
ķǸе
Informal To attempt to promote or sell, often in a high-pressure manner:
ʽ ͼۣԸѹķʽ
showed up on local TV to pitch their views(Business Week)
ڵص̨棬ǵĹ۵㡱(ܿ)
Sports To hit (a golf ball) in a high arc with backspin so that it does not roll very far after striking the ground.
˶ 򣺽߶򣩻򴥵غ󲻻úԶ
Games To lead (a card), thus establishing the trump suit.
Ϸ ȡʤȷʤֵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To throw or toss something, such as a ball, horseshoe, or bale.
ףӣͶͶ׳ĳ
Baseball To play in the position of pitcher.
 Ͷ֣Ͷֵλ
To plunge headlong:
ǰ壺ͷǰˤ
He pitched over the railing.
ˤ
To stumble around; lurch.
Ĵǻٲ
To buck, as a horse.
Ծ
Nautical To dip bow and stern alternately.
 µͷβˮ
To oscillate about a lateral axis so that the nose lifts or descends in relation to the tail. Used of an aircraft.
񶯣ƺζͷʱʱڻβڷɻ
To oscillate about a lateral axis that is both perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and horizontal to the earth. Used of a missile or spacecraft.
ƫƺζγߴֱˮƽڵɴ
To slope downward:
б
The hill pitches steeply.
Сɽ
To set up living quarters; encamp; settle.
񣬰ӪӪأӪλ
Sports To hit a golf ball in a high arc with backspin so that it does not roll very far after striking the ground.
˶ 򣺻ʹ򴥵غ󲻻̫Զ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of pitching.
ͶףͶĶʵ
Baseball 
 
A throw of the ball by the pitcher to the batter.
ף׳Ͷֻ
A ball so thrown.
Ͷ
Sports The rectangular area between the wickets in cricket, 22 yards (20.1 meters) by 10 feet (3.1 meters).Also called  wicket 
˶ 򳡣֮ķ򳡣22루20.1ף10Ӣ(3.1ףҲ  wicket
Nautical The alternate dip and rise of the bow and stern of a ship.
 ͷ봬βˮ
The alternate lift and descent of the nose and tail of an airplane.
ɻҡΣɻͷβ³
A steep downward slope.
ббĶ
The degree of such a slope.
бȣбµĶ
Architecture 
ѧ 
The angle of a roof.
ݶб
The highest point of a structure:
㣺Ķ㣺
the pitch of an arch.
ŵߵ
A level or degree, as of intensity:
̶ȣˮƽ̶ȣָǿȣ
worked at a feverish pitch.
߶ع
Acoustics The distinctive quality of a sound, dependent primarily on the frequency of the sound waves produced by its source.
ѧ ʣԣҪݴԴƵ
Music The relative position of a tone within a range of musical sounds, as determined by this quality.
֡ ߣһУĳһӦλã߾
Music Any of various standards for this quality associating each tone with a particular frequency.
֡ һ߱׼ÿһضƵ
The distance traveled by a machine screw in a single revolution.
ݾࣺתһõľ
The distance between two corresponding points on adjacent screw threads or gear teeth.
ݾࣺӦĵڵݶ֮ľ
The distance between two corresponding points on a helix.
ļࣺӦĵ֮ľ
The distance that a propeller would travel in an ideal medium during one complete revolution, measured parallel to the shaft of the propeller.
ƽתһȦľ룺ɻתһεǰƾ룬ƽеľ
Informal 
ʽ 
A line of talk designed to persuade:
ԴʣȰĳ˵̸
[his]  pious pitch for . . . austerity (Boston Globe)
 ˵˿еʥ۵㡱 (ʿٻ)
An advertisement.

Chiefly British The stand of a vender or hawker.
Ӣ ̯̯λ̷̯λ
Games See  seven-up 
Ϸ μ  seven-up
Printing The density of characters in a printed line, usually expressed as characters per inch.
ӡˢ ӡˢܶȣһӡˢƷֵܶȣÿӢٸʾ
?
pitch in ʽ
To set to work vigorously.
ʹɣͶ룺Ͷ빤
To join forces with others; help or cooperate.
Эףˣ
pitch into ʽ
To attack verbally or physically; assault.
ҹͷ
pitch on  
pitch upon ʽ
To succeed in choosing or achieving, usually quickly:
ѡѡɹҳѸٵѡʵ֣
pitched on the ideal solution.
ľ
?
Middle English pichen 
йӢ pichen 
probably from Old English *piccean [causative of] .pocian [to prick] 
Դ Ӣ *piccean  [] pocianʹ۶ [] 

= =
pity
pit.y
AHD:[p1t?] 
D.J.[6p!ti8]
K.K.[6p!ti]
n.ʣ
 pit.ies 
Sympathy and sorrow aroused by the misfortune or suffering of another.
ͬ飬ܵĲһͬͱ
A matter of regret:
ϧźź£
It's a pity she can't attend the reception.
ܲμдᣬź
v.ʣ
pit.ied,pit.y.ing,pit.ies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel pity for.
ͬ飬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel pity.
ÿͬ
?
have pity on 
take pity on
To show compassion for.
ԡʾͬ
?
Middle English pite 
йӢ pite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin piet3s [piety, compassion] 
Դ  piet3s [ͬ] 
from pius [dutiful] 
Դ pius [ĵ] 
?
pityingly
adv.ʣ
?
pity,compassion,commiseration,sympathy,condolence,empathy
These nouns signify sympathetic, kindly concern aroused by the misfortune, affliction, or suffering of another.
ЩʶʾԱ˵ĲҡʹѱʾͬĹע
 Pity  often implies a feeling of sorrowthat inclines one to help or to show mercy: 
 Pity  ʾһʹĸ飬ʹĳʾ 
Pity is the feeling which arrests the mind in the presence of whatsoever is grave and constant in human sufferings and unites it with the human sufferer (James Joyce).
һָ飬еׯϵĺͲʱ˵ǣ֮ͬĽᡱ ղķ˹˹
 Compassion  denotes deep awareness of the suffering of another and the wish to relieve it: 
 Compassion  ʾᲢϣ˽ѣ 
Compassion is not weakness, and concern for the unfortunate is not socialism (Hubert H. Humphrey).
ͬ鲢ȱ㣬Ϊ벢塱 ݲءHķ
 Commiseration  signifies the expression of pity or sorrow: 
 Commiseration  ʾ˵飺 
They not unfrequently wonder why, from being born blind, they should be held to be objects of commiseration (Benjamin C. Brodie).
ǾʣΪʲôϹӣ͸óΪ˿Ķ C޵ã
 Sympathy  as it is compared here denotes the act of or capacity for sharing in the sorrows or troubles of another: 
 Sympathy  Ĵȣǿܿе˹ͬǵΪ 
They had little sympathy to spare for their unfortunate enemies (William Hickling Prescott).
һҲͬǲҵĵˡ ϣ֡˹أ
 Condolence  is a formal, conventional expression of pity,usually to relatives upon a death: 
 Condolence  һʽͳرķʽһ 
We extended our condolences to the bereaved family.
ߵļ˱ʾ
Empathy  is a vicarious identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives: 
Empathy  һֶ˵Ĵ򶯻ͬ⣺ 
Empathy for the criminal's childhood misery does not imply exoneration of the crimes he committed as an adult. 
ﷸҵͯʾڿ˺ 

= =
place
place
AHD:[pl3s] 
D.J.[ple!s]
K.K.[ples]
n.ʣ
An area with definite or indefinite boundaries; a portion of space.
طһȷȷı߽ĵطһռ
Room or space, especially adequate space:
ռ䣺ռ䣬ָ㹻Ŀռ䣺
There is place for everyone at the back of the room.
е
The particular portion of space occupied by or allocated to a person or thing.
סĳ˻ռݵضĿռ
A building or an area set aside for a specified purpose:
ĳһΪضĿ
a place of worship.
ݵ
A dwelling; a house:
ס㣻ӣ
bought a place on the lake.
ں
A business establishment or office.
´˾ҵ´칫
A locality, such as a town or a city:
У
visited many places.
ι
Often Place Abbr. pl.,Pl.A public square or street with houses in a town.
  Place д pl.,Pl.㳡֣ϵĹ㳡зݵĽ
A space in which one person, such as a passenger or a spectator, can sit or stand.
ϯλλһվĿռ䣬˿ͻվĿռ
A setting for one person at a table.
λλ߿һλ
A position regarded as belonging to someone or something else; stead:
һĳ˻ĳλã
She was chosen in his place.
ѡȥ
A particular point that one has reached, as in a book:
ҳĳﵽĳһ㣬һУ
I have lost my place.
ǿһҳ
A particular spot, as on the body:
壩ضλĵط壺
the place that hurts.
˵ĵط
The proper or designated role or function:
λݣʵĻָĽɫܣ
the place of the media in a free society.
ýеĵλ
The proper or customary position or order:
ʵλãʵĳϣʵĻϰԵλû˳
These books are out of place.
Щ
A suitable setting or occasion:
ʵʱ̣ʵĳϣ
not the place to argue.
ĳ
The appropriate right or duty:
ְȨʵȨΣ
not her place to criticize.
Ȩָ
Social station:
λ
He overstepped his place.
Խ
A particular situation or circumstance:
ضϣض򻷾
Put yourself in my place.
Լҵλ
High rank or status.
ߵȼλ
A job, post, or position:
λְλ
found a place in the company.
⹫˾ıְ
Relative position in a series; standing.
Σһϵеλãλ
Games Second position for betting purposes, as in a horserace.
Ϸ ڶԶĲΪĿлڶ
The specified stage in a list of points to be made, as in an argument:
׶ΣһۻĳһضĽ׶Σ
in the first place.

Mathematics The position of a figure in a numeral or series.
ѧ λĳһһĿλ
v.ʣ
placed,plac.ing,plac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put in or as if in a particular place or position; set.
ţãţŵĳһضλûط
To put in a specified relation or order:
Уضϵ˳ţ
Place the words in alphabetical order.
ʰĸ˳
To offer for consideration:
Թǣ
placed the matter before the board.
ίԱ
To find accommodation or employment for.
ΪסΪְλ
To put into a particular condition:
ʹڣŵض£
placed him under arrest.

To arrange for the publication or display of:
棬ǣš򹫲
place an advertisement in the newspaper.
ڱֽϵϹ
To appoint to a post:
ţίɵĳһλã
placed her in a key position.
ŵһҪλ
To rank in an order or a sequence:
šΣλãһлеλã
I'd place him second best.
Ұڵڶλ
To estimate:
ƣ
placed the distance at 100 feet.
100ӢԶ
To identify or classify in a particular context:
϶壺һضı¼ࣺ
could not place that person's face.
˵
To give an order for:
ԡ
place a bet.

To apply or arrange for:
ţ
place an order.

To adjust (one's voice) for the best possible effects.
ĳ˵Ч
v.intr.Sports Games ﶯʣ˶ Ϸ 
To arrive among the first three finishers in a race, especially to finish second.
ڱȡǰ֮һָڶ
?
in place
In the appropriate or usual position or order:
ʺϵĻͨλûϣ
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
һоʼŻõƬ
In the same spot; without moving forwards or backwards:
ԭأͬһص㣻ǰҲƶ
While marching in place, the band played a popular tune.
ֶԭ̤
in place of
Instead of.

keep (one's) place 
know (one's) place
To recognize one's social position and act according to traditional decorum.
֪Ȥر֣֪Լݣͳ
put (someone) in his or her place
To lower the dignity of (someone); humble.
ĳ˵ϣ
place in the sun
A dominant or favorable position or situation.
ռƻĵλλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pl?ce 
Դ Ӣ pl?ce 
Old French [open space]  from Medieval Latin placea  from Vulgar Latin *plattea 
ŷ [Ŀռ]  Դ  placea  Դ  *plattea 
both from Latin plat?a [broad street] 
Դ  plat?a [ֵ] 
from Greek plateia (hodos) [broad (street)] [feminine of] platus * see  plat- 
Դ ϣ plateia (hodos) [֣]  [] platusԴ *μ plat- 
?
placeable
adj.ݴʣ
placer
n.ʣ

= =
plague
plague
AHD:[pl3g] 
D.J.[ple!g]
K.K.[pleg]
n.ʣ
A widespread affliction or calamity, especially one seen as divine retribution.
ߣ㷺ĿѻֻرǱΪĳͷ
A sudden destructive influx or injurious outbreak:
ͻȻֺһͻƻĻ㼯кı
a plague of locusts; a plague of accidents.
ȳֺ֮
A cause of annoyance; a nuisance:
ţᷳԭͷʹ£
the plague of social jabbering(George Santayana)
罻̸ɵķš(Ρɣ)
A highly infectious, usually fatal, epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague.
ߣȾһָ߶ȴȾҾߣرָܰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
plagued,plagu.ing,plagues 
To pester or annoy persistently or incessantly.See Synonyms at harass 
ʹգţϵشŻŲμ harass
To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity:
ʹ꣬ţƺĳּĥ
Runaway inflation further plagued the wage- or salary-earner(Edwin O. Reischauer)
ʧصͨͼ˹нײʹࡱ(O.Ф)
?
Middle English plage [blow, calamity, plague] 
йӢ plage [ѣֻ] 
from Late Latin pl3a 
Դ  pl3a 
from Latin [blow, wound] * see  pl3k- 2
Դ  [ѣ] *μ pl3k- 2
V., Middle English plaghen 
ʣ йӢ plaghen 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
from plaghe [plague] 
Դ plaghe [ֺ] 
from Late Latin pl3a 
Դ  pl3a 
?
plaguer
n.ʣ

= =
plain
plain
AHD:[pl3n] 
D.J.[ple!n]
K.K.[plen]
adj.ݴʣ
plain.er,plain.est д pln.
Free from obstructions; open; clear:
ģģ谭ģŵģģ
in plain view.
Ұ
Obvious to the mind; evident:
׵ģԵģ۵ģ˵ģ
make one's intention plain.See Synonyms at apparent 
˵Լͼμ apparent
Not elaborate or complicated; simple:
򵥵ģϸ򲻸ӵģ򵥵ģ
plain food.
򵥵ʳ
Straightforward; frank or candid:
ֱ˵ģ̹ʵĻ̹׵ģ
plain talk.
ϲĽ̸
Not mixed with other substances; pure:
ģʵģģ
plain water.
ˮ
Common in rank or station; average; ordinary:
ͨģƽģλͨͨģƽģһģ
a plain man.
ƽ
Not pretentious; unaffected.
װǻƵģ
Marked by little or no ornamentation or decoration.
صģӵģװƷװε
Not dyed, twilled, or patterned:
ɫģƽƵģȾġƵĻͼģ
a plain fabric.
ƽĲ
Lacking beauty or distinction:
۵ģÿģȱͻģ
a plain face.
ÿ
Sheer; utter; unqualified:
ȫȻģԵģ
plain stupidity.
ʮı
Archaic Having no visible elevation or depression; flat; level.
 ˮƽģƽ̹ģа͹Ĳλģƽģˮƽ
n.Abbr. pln.ʣд pln.
An extensive, level, usually treeless area of land.
ƽԭһƬġˮƽͨ
A broad, level expanse, as a part of the sea floor or a lunar mare.
Ϊ׻ƽ̹ˮƽ
Something free of ornamentation or extraneous matter.
ʵ޻
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Clearly; simply:
أ׵أ
plain stubborn.
ʮ־ǿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pl3s * see  pel- 2
Դ  pl3s *μ pel- 2
?
plainly
adv.ʣ
plainness
n.ʣ
?
plain,modest,simple,unostentatious,unpretentious
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not ornate, ostentatious, or showy: 
Щݴʹеһ˼ָģεģʵ޻ġ 
a plain hair style;
صķͣ
a modest cottage;
ӵũ᣻
a simple dark suit;
ĺװ
an unostentatious office;
ӵİ칫ң
an unpretentious country church. ornate 
ʵ޻ ornate

= =
plan
plan
AHD:[pl2n] 
D.J.[pl#n]
K.K.[pl#n]
n.ʣ
A scheme, program, or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of an objective:
ƻĳһĿ֮ǰļƻ򷽷
a plan of attack.
ļƻ
A proposed or tentative project or course of action:
ţж֮ǰԻƻԵķ̣
had no plans for the evening.
ûнİ
A systematic arrangement of important parts; an outline or a sketch:
٣ҪҪֵϵͳ԰ţҪͼ
the plan of a story.
¹
A drawing or diagram made to scale showing the structure or arrangement of something.
ȱͼԱʾĳṹŵıͼ
In perspective rendering, one of several imaginary planes perpendicular to the line of vision between the viewer and the object being depicted.
ƽͼԣ͸ӵͼУ뱻Ĺ۲ߺ֮Ӿߴֱ鹹λ֮һ
v.ʣ
planned,plan.ning,plans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To formulate a scheme or program for the accomplishment, enactment, or attainment of:
ﻮΪĳµɡչʵƶƻ
plan a campaign.
ⶩѡƻ
To have as a specific aim or purpose; intend:
ƻ㣺ضĿĿģ㣺
They plan to buy a house.
Ǵһ
To draw or make a graphic representation of.
ͼʾһͼʽĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make plans.
ƻ
?
French 
 
alteration  influenced by plan [flat surface] * see  plain 
   planӰ [ƽ] *μ plain
of plant [ground plan, map]  from planter [to plant]  from Latin plant3e  from planta [sole of the foot] * see  plat- 
 plantı仯 [ƽƻͼ]  Դ planter [ֲ]  Դ  plant3e  Դ planta [ŵ] *μ plat- 
?
planner
n.ʣ
?
plan,blueprint,design,project,scheme,strategy
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a method or program in accordance with which something is to be done or accomplished: 
ЩʵΪ뽫Ҫɵĳķ滮 
has no vacation plans;
޼ڼƻ
a blueprint for the reorganization of the company;
ؽ˾ĳﻮ
social conventions that are a product of human design;
ƵĲƷϰף
an urban-renewal project;
ؽ滮
a new scheme for power conservation;
ڵ·
a strategy for capturing a major market share. 
Ҫгݶս 

= =
plane
plane 1
AHD:[pl3n] 
D.J.[ple!n]
K.K.[plen]
n.ʣ
Mathematics A surface containing all the straight lines that connect any two points on it.
ѧ ƽ棺ֱߵƽ
A flat or level surface.
ˮƽ棺ƽ̹ˮƽı
A level of development, existence, or achievement:
չˮƽչɼˮƽ
scholarship on a high plane.
ˮƽĽѧ
An airplane or a hydroplane.
ɻɻˮϷɻ
A supporting surface of an airplane; an airfoil or a wing.
ɻ֧ű棻
adj.ݴʣ
Mathematics Of or being a figure lying in a plane:
ѧ ƽģڻΪƽϵͼεģ
a plane curve.
ƽ
Flat; level.See Synonyms at level 
ƽ̹ģƽ̹ģˮƽĲμ level
?
Latin pl3m [flat surface] [from neuter of] pl3nus [flat] * see  pel- 2
 pl3m [ƽ̹ı]  [] Դpl3nusԴ [ƽ̹] *μ pel- 2
N., sense 4, short for aeroplane 
4 aeroplaneļд
?
planeness
n.ʣ
?
The plane in which we fly is properly named for a very important element of its structurethe wing that keeps it in the air.But the story behind this name is slightly complicated.To begin 
with,plane  in the sense winged vehicle, first recorded in April 1908, is a shortened form ofaeroplane.  In June of that yearplane  appeared in a quotation from the London Times  
that mentioned Mr. Wright. Aeroplane,  first recorded in 1866, is made up of the prefixaero-,  air, aviation, and the word plane,  referring to the structure designed to keep an air 
vehicle aloft. Originally the plane in such contexts was imagined as flat,hence the choice of the wordplane;  in practice this surface to curve slightly in order to work.The wordaeroplane  
for the vehicle is first found in 1873. The first recorded appearance of the formairplane  in our current sense, which uses air-  instead of aero-,  is found in 1907. An American flies in 
anairplane  while a Briton still travels in anaeroplane,  but both can catch aplane.  
ԷеķɻԷɻṹһǳҪɲ֡άַɻڿзеĻǡġֱĴ˵΢ЩӡΪķ
plane ״μ1908£ aeroplane дʽ һ6£plane  ׶ʱ ἰһС Aeroplane ״μ¼1866꣬ ǰ׺aero- 
աַָڸ߿շеĽṹĵ plane ɡ ЩеĻƽ̹ģѡ˵plane  ʵΪл΢Щ
ַĵaeroplane ״1873귢֡ airplane ʽ״μ¼1907꣬ʹ air-  aero-  ʹairplane У Ӣ
Ȼһaeroplane У Ƕܸϳһplane  
?
plane
plane 2
AHD:[pl3n] 
D.J.[ple!n]
K.K.[plen]
n.ʣ
A carpenter's tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing and leveling wood.
ƽ٣ľ٣пԵڵУƽľĵľþ
A trowel-shaped tool for smoothing the surface of clay, sand, or plaster in a mold.
߹ģܣԹιģɳıĲ͹
v.ʣ
planed,plan.ing,planes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To smooth or finish with or as if with a plane.
ƽûƽٹ׹
To remove with a plane:
ٵƽȥ
plane off the rough edges on a board.
ٵϵĴֱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work with a plane.
٣ƽٹ
To act as a plane.
٣ƽһ˶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin pl3a 
Դ  pl3a 
from pl33re} [to plane] 
Դ pl33re} [] 
from pl3s [flat] * see  pel- 2
Դ pl3s [ƽ̹] *μ pel- 2
?
plane
plane 3
AHD:[pl3n] 
D.J.[ple!n]
K.K.[plen]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
planed,plan.ing,planes 
To rise partly out of the water, as a hydroplane does at high speeds.
УˮϷɻԸٶȻʱһ̧ˮ
To soar or glide.

To travel by airplane.
˷ɻ
?
Middle English planen [to glide, soar] 
йӢ planen [裬] 
from Old French planer 
Դ ŷ planer 
from plain [flat, level] 
Դ plain [ƽ̹ģˮƽ] 
from Latin pl3s * see  pel- 2
Դ  pl3s *μ pel- 2
?
plane
plane 4
AHD:[pl3n] 
D.J.[ple!n]
K.K.[plen]
n.ʣ
The plane tree.
ˮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin platanus 
Դ  platanus 
from Greek platanos 
Դ ϣ platanos 
perhaps from platus [broad] * see  plat- 
Դ platus [] *μ plat- 

= =
planet
plan.et
AHD:[pl2n1t] 
D.J.[6pl#n!t]
K.K.[6pl#n!t]
n.ʣ
A nonluminous celestial body larger than an asteroid or a comet, illuminated by light from a star, such as the sun, around which it revolves. In the solar system there are nine known 
planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
ǣһСǻһǴĲ壬תĺǣ̫Ĺ̫ϵоŸ֪ǣˮǡǡ򡢻ǡľǡǡǡǺ
ڤ
One of the seven celestial bodies, Mercury, Venus, the moon, the sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, visible to the naked eye and thought by ancient astronomers to revolve in the heavens 
about a fixed Earth and among fixed stars.
ǣܹۿ߸֮һˮǡǡ̫ǡľǺǣŴѧΪΧŹ̶ĵ͹̶ĺת
One of the seven revolving astrological celestial bodies that in conjunction with the stars are believed to influence human affairs and personalities.
ǳ߸漰ռ֮һһӰ˵Ը
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French planete 
Դ ŷ planete 
from Late Latin plan?a 
Դ  plan?a 
from Greek plan??s} 
Դ ϣ plan??s} 
variant of plan?s  plan?t- 
 plan?  plan?t- 
from planasthai [to wander] * see  pel- 2
Դ planasthai [] *μ pel- 2

= =
plant
plant
AHD:[pl2nt] 
D.J.[pl#nt]
K.K.[pl#nt]
n.ʣ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cellulose cell walls, and 
lacking the power of locomotion.
ֲֲойõģĶϸ壬ܲߣҶأάعɵϸڣȱ˶
A plant having no permanent woody stem; an herb.
ݱֲݣûľֲݱֲ
A building or group of buildings for the manufacture of a product; a factory.
ĳһֲƷһһȺ
The equipment, including machinery, tools, instruments, and fixtures and the buildings containing them, necessary for an industrial or manufacturing operation.
豸ҵҵ豸ߡ͹̶װãԼǵĽ
The buildings, equipment, and fixtures of an institution:
ʩĳһĽ豸͹̶װã
the entire plant of a university.
ѧȫʩ
A person or thing put into place in order to mislead or function secretly, especially:
ƣΪ󵼻Ϊܻڳе˻ָ
A person placed in a group of spectators to influence behavior.
̽һȺԹӰΪ
A person stationed in a given location as a spy or an observer.
Ϊ۲ߴڸλõ
A misleading piece of evidence placed so as to be discovered.
ƭαװΪ˱ֶ˷õһ󵼵֤
A remark or an action in a play or narrative that becomes important later.
ʣҪϷеۻ
Slang A scheming trick; a swindle.
ٵ թƻƭ֣թ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
plant.ed,plant.ing,plants 
To place or set (seeds, for example) in the ground to grow.
ֲ֣ӣʹ
To place seeds or young plants in (land); sow:
֣ڣУӻ磻֣
plant a field in corn.
ڵﲥֹ
To place (spawn or young fish) in water or an underwater bed for cultivation:
ΪֳˮлˮºӴ루ѻ㣩
plant oysters.
ĵ
To stock with spawn or fish.
ֳ磺ѻ
To introduce (an animal) into an area.
һ
To set firmly in position; fix:
̶ι̵ع̶һλϣ̶
planted both feet on the ground.
ڵվ˫
To establish; found:

plant a colony.
ֳ
To fix firmly in the mind; implant:
䣺εع̶ͷУ䣺
The right of revolution is planted in the heart of man(Clarence Darrow)
Ȩֲġ(˹)
To station (a person) for the purpose of functioning in secret, as by observing, spying, or influencing behavior:
壺ΪܻĿĶãһˣ۲죬ӻӰ˵Ϊ
Detectives were planted all over the store.
̽Ѱ̵ĸ
To place so as to be discovered and to mislead:
ãΪ˱ּ󵼶ţ
planted a gun on the corpse to make the death look like suicide.
ʬϷǹʹɱ
Slang To conceal; hide.
ٵ أ
Slang To deliver (a blow or punch).
ٵ 裨һȭػ
?
Middle English plante 
йӢ plante 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
Old French 
ŷ 
both from Latin planta [shoot, sole of the foot] * see  plat- 
Դ  planta [ѿŵ] *μ plat- 
?
plantable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
plantation
plan.ta.tion
AHD:[pl2n-t3shn] 
D.J.[pl#n6te!.*n]
K.K.[pl#n6te.*n]
n.ʣ
An area under cultivation.
ֲ
A group of cultivated trees or plants.
˹֣ģֲֲƬֲ
A large estate or farm on which crops are raised, often by resident workers.
ֲ԰ֲׯڵĴֲ԰ũɾסĹֲ
A newly established settlement; a colony.
ֳأ¿أ½أֳ
?
It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation  appears in the name Plimoth Plantation,  a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit 
their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black 
slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation  illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun  in a work probably written during 
the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplant3?,}  the source of our English word, originally meant propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,but in Medieval Latin developed other 
related senses,such as planting, foundation, establishment, and nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.The two senses that were used in New 
England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The 
Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand 
were at one time worked by slave labor.
ͬĵplantation  Plimoth Plantation é˹ֲ԰УԲֹһ˵ܿǾ߷ζģ ָѰڽɵ˵СȻ
ǵڽʽرҲΪսǰϷׯ԰ָ߹˾סƯݺѹȵĺūסƾéݡplantation ÷˵˼
ķչ Կ15ʮ괴һƷеplantacioun ʽ״μ¼Ӣ plantatio ӢﵥʵĴԴ Ϊֲķֳͨ
Сַ֦չص˼硰ֲ͡ԻѱֲĻֲļϡӢϷ
˼ܹˡé˹ֲ԰˼ǴµĹнؾӵػֳصĸġϷׯ԰˼׷ݵ׸ĸ
£̲ݻ޻ũȴȴׯ԰ũһʱūֲ
?
Plantation
Plan.ta.tion
AHD:[pl2n-t3shn] 
D.J.[pl#n6te!.*n]
K.K.[pl#n6te.*n]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southeast Florida, a residential suburb of Fort Lauderdale. Population, 48,501.
ѰݶϲУ͵´һнסլ˿48,501

= =
plaster
plas.ter
AHD:[pl2str] 
D.J.[6pl#st*]
K.K.[6pl#st+]
n.ʣ
A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with fiber added, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings.
ࣺʯһʯࡢɳӺˮĻʱάӲΪ⻬Ĺ壬Ϳǽں컨
Plaster of Paris.
ʯ
A pastelike mixture applied to a part of the body for healing or cosmetic purposes.Also called  sticking plaster 
ӲࣺͿĳһϻݵĺ״Ҳ  sticking plaster
Chiefly British An adhesive bandage.
Ӣ ճԱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
plaster bandages; plaster walls.
ࣻǽ
v.ʣ
plas.tered,plas.ter.ing,plas.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, coat, or repair with plaster.
ͿࣺûาǣͿϻ޲
To cover or hide with or as if with a coat of plaster:
ڸǣûһาǻأ
plastered over our differences.
ڸ֮Ĳ
To apply a plaster to:
ҩڡ
plaster an aching muscle.
ʹļϸҩ
To cover conspicuously, as with things pasted on; overspread:
Ŀظǣ罫ĳճڡϣ
plaster the walls with advertising.
ǽ
To affix conspicuously, usually with a paste:
ĿĿϣͨý
plaster notices on all the doors.
е϶ϸʾ
To make smooth by applying a sticky substance:
ĨƽͨͿճʶʹƽ
plaster one's hair with pomade.
÷ͽͷĨƽ
To make adhere to another surface:
ʹһ棺
His hair was plastered to his forehead(William Golding)
ͷǰϡ()
Informal 
ʽ 
To inflict heavy damage or injury on.
ʹ꣺ڡܳصƻ
To defeat decisively.
׻ܣԵػ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To apply plaster.
ͿĨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English [medical dressing] 
Դ Ӣ [ҽ÷] 
and from Old French plastre [cementing material] 
Դ ŷ plastre [ճӲ] 
both from Latin emplastrum [medical dressing] 
Դ  emplastrum [ҽ÷] 
from Greek emplastron 
Դ ϣ emplastron 
from emplassein [to plaster on] 
Դ emplassein [Ϳ] 
en- [in, on] * see  en- 2
en- [ڡУڡ] *μ en-2
plassein [to mold] * see  pel- 2
plassein [ʹ] *μ pel- 2
?
plasterer
n.ʣ
plastery
adj.ݴʣ

= =
plastic
plas.tic
AHD:[pl2st1k] 
D.J.[6pl#st!k]
K.K.[6pl#st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being shaped or formed:
ܵģܱεģ
plastic material such as clay.See Synonyms at malleable 
ȿܲϲμ malleable
Relating to or dealing with shaping or modeling:
ģڻ漰ģģ
the plastic art of sculpture.

Having the qualities of sculpture; well-formed:
̬õģеܵԵģеģ
the astonishing plastic beauty of the chorus girls(Frank Harris)
̬õĺϳŮ(ˡ˹)
Giving form or shape to a substance:
̬ģ̬εģ
the plastic forces that create and wear down a mountain range.
γɺ͸ʴɽ
Easily influenced; impressionable.
ӰģӰģе
Made of a plastic or plastics:
ܽģһֻƳɵģ
a plastic garden hose.
ˮõܽˮ
Physics Capable of undergoing continuous deformation without rupture or relaxation.
ѧ Եģܹζѻɳڵ
Biology Capable of building tissue; formative.
ѧ γ֯ģ֯ģγɵ
Marked by artificiality or superficiality; synthetic:
ȻģԲȻǳΪ־ģȻģ
a TV host's plastic smile; a plastic world of fad, hype, and sensation.
˲ȻЦݣֻһݣź͸йٵ˹ϳ
Informal Of or obtained by means of credit cards:
ʽ ÿģÿĻÿķʽõģ
plastic money.
ÿ
n.ʣ
Any of various organic compounds produced by polymerization, capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films, or drawn into filaments used as textile fibers.
ܽͨۺƳɵһлܱͣѹɸ״ĤҲɱϸ˿֯ά
Objects made of plastic.
ܽƷƳɵƷ
Informal A credit card or credit cards:
ʽ ÿһÿһЩÿ
would accept cash or plastic in payment.
ʱԽֽÿ
?
Latin plasticus 
 plasticus 
from Greek plastikos 
Դ ϣ plastikos 
from plastos [molded] 
Դ plastos [] 
from plassein [to mold] * see  pel- 2
Դ plassein [] *μ pel- 2
?
plastically
adv.ʣ
plasticity
AHD:[pl2s-t1s1-t?] ʣ

= =
plate
plate
AHD:[pl3t] 
D.J.[ple!t]
K.K.[plet]
n.ʣ
A smooth, flat, relatively thin, rigid body of uniform thickness.
Ƭ⻬ģƽģȽϱģȺȵӲ
A sheet of hammered, rolled, or cast metal.
壺졢ƣɵĽ
A very thin applied or deposited coat of metal.
壺ܱӦõĻһ
A flat piece of metal forming part of a machine:
¯壺ɻһĽƽ壺
a boiler plate.
¯
A flat piece of metal on which something is engraved.
棺̵ĽƽƬ
A thin piece of metal used for armor.
壺׵ıƬ
Armor made of such pieces.
ףñƬƳɵ
Abbr. pl.Printing 
д pl.ӡˢ 
A sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, paperboard, or other material prepared for use as a printing surface, such as an electrotype or a stereotype.
ӡˢ棺׼ӡˢһƬϣ𽺣ֽϣǦ
A print of a woodcut, lithograph, or other engraved material, especially when reproduced in a book.
Ǧ棺ḷ̌ƽ̲ϵӡģָиʱӡ
A full-page book illustration, often in color and printed on paper different from that used on the text pages.
ɫͼҳͼ⣬Ϊɫӡˢӡˢҳϲֽͬ
Abbr. pl.Photography A light-sensitive sheet of glass or metal on which a photographic image can be recorded.
д pl.Ӱ й棺ܼ¼ӰͼһƬйⲣ
Dentistry A thin metallic or plastic support fitted to the gums to anchor artificial teeth.
ѧ УװϹ̶ı֧
Architecture In wood-frame construction, a horizontal member, capping the exterior wall studs, upon which the roof rafters rest.
ѧ ľľṹиǽڹǵˮƽݺᴪ֧
Baseball Home plate.
 ݰ
A shallow dish in which food is served or from which it is eaten.
ӣʳʳǳ
The contents of such a dish:
һʳʢŵĶ
ate a plate of spaghetti.
һԲ
A whole course served on such a dish.
ȫͣеһ
Service and food for one person at a meal:
һ˷ݵĲ͵㣺һٷṩһ˵ķԵʳƷ
dinner at a set price per plate.
ͷ
Household articles, such as hollowware, covered with a precious metal, such as silver or gold.
ͥƷù𸲸ǵļƷ簼
A dish passed among the members of a group or congregation for the collection of offerings.
̣һȺдݵռ
Sports 
˶ 
A dish, cup, or other article of silver or gold offered as a prize.
ΪƷĻ̣Ʒ
A contest, especially a horserace, offering such a prize.
һľָ
A thin cut of beef from the brisket.
ţ²⣺ţزһƬ
Anatomy Zoology 
ѧ ѧ 
A thin, flat layer or scale, as that of a fish.
֯ƽһ״
A platelike part, organ, or structure, such as that covering some reptiles.
٣Ƭ״ٻṹ縲ĳЩжϵۼ
Electricity 
ѧ 
An electrode, as in a storage battery or capacitor.
壺ػеĵ缫
The anode in an electron tube.
ӹе
Geology In the theory of plate tectonics, one of the sections into which the earth's crust is divided and that is in constant motion relative to other plates, which are also in motion.
ѧ 飺ڰ鹹ѧеؿǱֵļ֮һ鴦ڳ˶УͬʱҲ˶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
plat.ed,plat.ing,plates 
To coat or cover with a thin layer of metal.
ǣһͿ򸲸
To cover with armor plate:
Ըְ壺׸ǣ
plate a warship.
װ
Printing To make a stereotype or electrotype from.
ӡˢ ư棺ӡǦ
To give a glossy finish to (paper) by pressing between metal sheets or rollers.
ƣͨͲ֮ļѹֽ׹
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [from feminine of] plat [flat] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴplatԴ [ƽ̹] 
from Vulgar Latin *plattus 
Դ  *plattus 
from Greek platus * see  plat- 
Դ ϣ platus *μ plat- 
?
plater
n.ʣ

= =
plateau
pla.teau
AHD:[pl2-t?] 
D.J.[pl#6t*&]
K.K.[pl#6to]
n.ʣ
 pla.teaus  pla.teaux [-t?z]  
Abbr. plat.An elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland.
д plat.ԭߵģȽƽĴƬأԭ
A relatively stable level, period, or state:
ȶˮƽȽȶˮƽʱڻ״̬
Mortgage rates declined, then reached a plateau.
Ѻ۸µȻﵽȶˮƽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pla.teaued,pla.teau.ing,pla.teaus 
To reach a stable level; level off:
ﵽȶˮƽﵽȶˮƽﵽƽ⣺
The tension seemed to grow by degrees, then it plateaued(Tom Clancy)
ѹӣȻﵽȶˮƽ(ķ)
?
French 
 
from Old French platel [platter] 
Դ ŷ platel [ǳ] 
from plat [flat] * see  plate 
Դ plat [ƽ̹] *μ plate

= =
platform
plat.form
AHD:[pl2tf?rm] 
D.J.[6pl#t7f%8m]
K.K.[6pl#t7f%rm]
n.Abbr. plat.ʣд plat.
A horizontal surface raised above the level of the adjacent area, as a stage for public speaking or a landing alongside railroad tracks.
̨̳ڽ߶ȵˮƽı棬Ϊݽ̨·ߵƽ̨
A vessel, such as a submarine or an aircraft carrier, from which weapons can be deployed.
ƽ̨ܲĴֻǱˮͧ򺽿ĸ
An oil platform.
꾮ƽ̨ʯ꾮ƽ̨
A place, a means, or an opportunity for public expression of opinion:
ĵط᣺
a journal that served as a platform for radical views.
ṩ˷־
A vestibule at the end of a railway car.
ȣ𳵳ĩ˵
A formal declaration of the principles on which a group, such as a political party, makes its appeal to the public.
٣ڷʽԭԵһ壬һ
A thick layer, as of leather or cork, between the inner and outer soles of a shoe, giving added height.
ЬЬ׵ڲ㼰֮ƤľƳɵĺ㣬Ӹ߶
A shoe having such a construction.
кЬЬкЬṹЬ
?
French plate-forme [diagram] 
 plate-forme [ͼ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
plat [flat] * see  plate 
plat [ƽ̹] *μ plate
forme [form]  from Latin forma 
forme [ʽ]  Դ  forma 

= =
plausible
plau.si.ble
AHD:[pl?z-bl] 
D.J.[6pl%8z*b*l]
K.K.[6pl%z*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible:
ʵģеģȷġܵĻɽܵģɿģ
a plausible excuse.
Ľ
Giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or reliability; specious:
ģʵɽԻԵƭӡģʵģ
the plausible talk of a crafty salesperson.
ƶ˵ԱĻ
?
Latin plausibilis [deserving applause] 
 plausibilis [ֵùƵ] 
from plausus [past participle of] plaudere [to applaud] 
Դ plausus  [] plaudereĹȥִ [] 
?
plausibility  
plausibleness
n.ʣ
plausibly
adv.ʣ
?
plausible,believable,colorable,credible
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is appearing to merit belief or acceptance: 
Щݴе˼ǡֵŻܡ 
a plausible pretext;
ƿŵĽڣ
a believable excuse;
ƿŵ磻
a colorable explanation;
òĽͣ
a credible assertion. implausible 
ŵ implausible

= =
player
play.er
AHD:[pl3r] 
D.J.[6ple!*]
K.K.[6ple+]
n.ʣ
One that plays, especially:
Ϸˣָ
Sports Games One who participates in a game or sport.
˶ Ϸ ˶Աμӱ
A gambler.
ͽ
One who performs in theatrical roles.
ԱϷɫ
Music One who plays an instrument.
֡ ߣ
An active participant:
Ĳߣ
a major player in world affairs.
Ļ
Music The mechanism actuating a player piano.
֡ ԶװãԶٵԶװ
A phonograph.

?
Player
Play.er
AHD:[pl3r] Gary (Born 1935) 
D.J.[6ple!*]
K.K.[6ple+]
NONE޴ԣ
South African-born American golfer. He is one of the few athletes to have captured all four titles in the Grand Slam of golf.
Ү( 1935) Ϸ߶֣ǼӮ߶ھ˶Ա֮һ

= =
playground
play.ground
AHD:[pl3ground] 
D.J.[6ple!7gra&nd]
K.K.[6ple7gra&nd]
n.ʣ
An outdoor area set aside for recreation and play, especially one containing equipment such as seesaws and swings.
ٳǲˣĻⳡأָṩΰǧ豸
A field or sphere of unrestricted pleasurable activity:
ʤأֻĳΧ
Foreign affairs had been T.R.'s personal playground during his Presidency(John Dos Passos)
⽻T.R.ͳڵĸϲá(Լ˹˹)

= =
plea
plea
AHD:[pl?] 
D.J.[pli8]
K.K.[pli]
n.ʣ
An earnest request; an appeal:
е󣻺
spoke out in a plea for greater tolerance.
Ŀ
An excuse; a pretext:
ڣдǣ
necessity,/The Tyrant's plea(John Milton)
ҪĽڡ(Լ׶)
Law 
ɡ 
An allegation offered in pleading a case.
ԸΪ绤ʱı
A defendant's answer to the declaration made by the plaintiff in a civil action.
ߣбԭĳ״Ļش
The answer of the accused to a criminal charge or indictment:
磺ָػߵĻش
entered a plea of not guilty.
Ĵ
A special answer depending on or demonstrating one or more reasons why a suit should be delayed, dismissed, or barred in equity law.
磺ݻķɰӦƳ١ػֹһԭضĻش
An action or a suit.
ϻϰ
?
Middle English plai [lawsuit] 
йӢ plai [] 
from Old French plai, plaid 
Դ ŷ plai, plaid 
from Late Latin placitum [decree] 
Դ  placitum [] 
from Latin [from neuter past participle of] plac?re [to please] * see  pl3k- 1
Դ   [] Դplac?reԹȥִ [ʹ] *μ pl3k- 1

= =
plead
plead
AHD:[pl?d] 
D.J.[pli8d]
K.K.[plid]
v.ʣ
plead.ed  pled [pld] plead.ing,pleads 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To appeal earnestly; beg:
󣺳Ͽҵ
plead for more time.
ʱ
To offer reasons for or against something; argue earnestly:
ֻۣ֧򷴶ĳ£磺
plead against a bill.
鰸
To provide an argument or appeal:
绤ɻ
Your youth and simplicity plead for you in this instance.
͵Ϊı绤
Law 
ɡ 
To put forward a plea of a specific nature in court:
磬磺ڷͥضĴ磺
plead guilty.

To make or answer an allegation in a legal proceeding.
磬磺ڷɳб
To address a court as a lawyer or an advocate.
绤Ϊһʦ绤ڷͥϷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assert as defense, vindication, or excuse; claim as a plea:
ԡΪ⣬ԡΪɣΪ绤Ϊ
plead illness.
Ϊ
Law 
ɡ 
To present as an answer to a charge, an indictment, or a declaration made against one.
ԡΪ磺Ϊĳָء߻еĴ
To argue or present (a case) in a court or similar tribunal.
Ϊ绤ڷͥƵķͥбۻظ棨
?
Middle English pleden, plaiden 
йӢ pleden, plaiden 
from Old French plaidier 
Դ ŷ plaidier 
from Medieval Latin placit3e [to appeal to the law] 
Դ  placit3e [ڷ] 
from Late Latin placitum [decree, opinion] * see  plea 
Դ  placitum [۵] *μ plea
?
pleadable
adj.ݴʣ
pleader
n.ʣ
pleadingly
adv.ʣ
?
In strict legal usage,one is said toplead guilty  or plead not guilty  but not to plead innocent.  In nonlegal contexts, however,plead innocent  is well established. 
ϸķУ˵һ plead guilty   plead not guilty   plead innocent  ȻڷǷ plead innocent ȴõ㷺ȷ 

= =
pleasant
pleas.ant
AHD:[plznt] 
D.J.[6plez*nt]
K.K.[6plWz*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
pleas.ant.er,pleas.ant.est 
Giving or affording pleasure or enjoyment; agreeable:
ģṩֻģģ
a pleasant scene; pleasant sensations.
ķ羰ʵĸо
Pleasing in manner, behavior, or appearance.See Synonyms at amiable 
ϲģʽֹϲĲμ amiable
Fair and comfortable:
ʵĺʵģ
pleasant weather.
ʵ
Merry; lively.
ֵģ
?
Middle English plesaunt 
йӢ plesaunt 
from Old French plaisant [present participle of] plaisir [to please] 
Դ ŷ plaisant  [] plaisirڷִ [ʹ] 
from Latin plac?e * see  pl3k- 1
Դ  plac?e *μ pl3k- 1
?
pleasantly
adv.ʣ
pleasantness
n.ʣ

= =
please
please
AHD:[pl?z] 
D.J.[pli8z]
K.K.[pliz]
v.ʣ
pleased,pleas.ing,pleas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give enjoyment, pleasure, or satisfaction to; make glad or contented.
ʹ֣ʹ㣺Ȥֻ㣻ʹ˻
To be the will or desire of:
ϣǡԸԸ
May it please the court to admit this firearm as evidence.
ԸͥΪ֤
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give satisfaction or pleasure; be agreeable:
ʹˣʹ⣺ˣã
waiters who try hard to please.

To have the will or desire; wish:
Ҫ⣺ԸԸϣ
Do as you please. Sit down, if you please.
¡ԸĻ
adv.ʣ
If it is your desire or pleasure; if you please. Used in polite requests:
룺Ըˣˡò
Please stand back. Pay attention, please.
˺ע
Yes. Used in polite affirmative replies to offers:
ãУСڶĿ϶𸴣
May I help you? Please.
ҿ԰?õ
?
Middle English plesen 
йӢ plesen 
from Old French plaisir 
Դ ŷ plaisir 
from Latin plac?e * see  pl3k- 1
Դ  plac?e *μ pl3k- 1
?
pleaser
n.ʣ
?
please,delight,gladden,gratify,tickle
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give pleasure to: 
Щʹе˼ǡԿ֡ 
was pleased by their success;
Ϊǵĳɹˣ
a gift that would delight any child;
ʹκζֵͯ
praise that gladdens the spirit;
ʹõ
progress that gratified all concerned;
ʹйظĽչ
compliments that tickle their vanity. displease 
ʹǵ displease

= =
pleasure
pleas.ure
AHD:[plzhr] 
D.J.[6ple9*]
K.K.[6plW9+]
n.ʣ
The state or feeling of being pleased or gratified.
ã㣺˻״̬о
A source of enjoyment or delight:
ˣ֣ܻ˵Եɣ
The graceful skaters were a pleasure to watch.
Ļһ
Amusement, diversion, or worldly enjoyment:
֣֡ǲ׵֣
Pleasure . . . is a safer guide than either right or duty(Samuel Butler)
֡ǱȨȫָꡱ(Ѷ)
Sensual gratification or indulgence.
йٵģ֣йٵ
One's preference or wish:
ϲãĳ˵ƫԸ
What is your pleasure?
ϲʲô
v.ʣ
pleas.ured,pleas.ur.ing,pleas.ures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give pleasure or enjoyment to; gratify:
ʹֻ֣ܣʹ㣺
Our host pleasured us with his company.
ǵʹǸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take pleasure; delight:
ܣϲÿ֣ϲ
The hiker paused, pleasuring in the sounds of the forest.
ͣ½Ųɭ
To go in search of pleasure or enjoyment.
Ѱ֣׷ֻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French plaisir 
Դ ŷ plaisir 
from plaisir [to please] * see  please 
Դ plaisir [ʹ] *μ please
?
pleasureless
adj.ݴʣ
?
pleasure,enjoyment,delight,delectation,joy
These nouns denote a pleasant feeling, as of happiness or personal satisfaction, evoked by something that is to one's liking.
Щʱʾ˵ĸоĳϲĶĿֻ˵㡣
 Pleasure  is the least specific: 
 Pleasure  ģ 
One of the greatest pleasures of life is conversation (Sydney Smith). 
֮һǽ̸ Ϥᡤʷ˹ 
Pleasure without joy is as hollow as passion without tenderness (Alan Jay Lerner).
ûлֵĸ˾ûļһն סɣ
 Enjoyment  suggests pleasure, often abiding pleasure, arising from something gratifying or beneficial: 
 Enjoyment  ΪĶľǳ־õĸˣ 
Books are her major source of enjoyment.
鼮ֵҪԴȪ
Was it [ornament] done with enjoymentwas the carver happy while he was about it?  (John Ruskin).
  Ǵſɵ𡪡̹ʱ?  Լ˹𣩡
 Delight   anddelectation  imply keen but sometimes transitory pleasure:  
 Delight  delectation ΪǿҵĵʱǶݵĸˣ  
There is delight in singing (Walter Savage Landor). 
ֳһЩ족 ֶءά桤 
Certified masterpieces by dead composers, manipulated by charismatic star performers for the delectation of an increasingly passive and uninquisitive audience (Will 
Crutchfield).
ѹı֤ġɾгΪӭԽԽȱĵĹڵĻֶࡱ ƶ£
 Joy  suggests an intense and especially an ecstatic or exultant state;the word is often associated with sharing, self-realization, or high-mindedness: 
 Joy  ʾǿҵϲϲ״̬ʾʵֻƷ 
The deep joy we take in the company of people with whom we have just recently fallen in love is undisguisable (John Cheever). 
ǸոհϵһȺеõĿ޷صġ Լ渥 
The rule of joy and the law of duty seem to me all one (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
ֵı׼ķ˵ͬһ¡ Сµ¶ķ˹

= =
pledge
pledge
AHD:[plj] 
D.J.[pled9]
K.K.[plWd9]
n.ʣ
A solemn binding promise to do, give, or refrain from doing something:
ŵԣԣӦⲻĳµׯԼŵ
signed a pledge never to reveal the secret; a pledge of money to a charity.
ǩй¶ܵŵԣǮҵŵ
Something given or held as security to guarantee payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation.
ѺΪ֤ծĵеĶ
The condition of something thus given or held:
Ѻеĵ
put an article in pledge.
Ʒ
Law 
ɡ 
Delivery of goods or personal property as security for a debt or an obligation:
ѺΪծ񵣱Ʒ˲ƲĽ
a loan that required a pledge of property.
ҪòƲѺƷĴ
The contract by which such delivery is made.
ѺԼʹѺƷЭ
A token or sign:
ף־ţ
fair pledges of a fruitful tree(Robert Herrick)
ʵö(޲ء)
A person who has been accepted for membership in a fraternity or similar organization and has promised to join but has not yet been initiated.
ˣѾֵܻƵ֯ΪԱļ룬δ
The act of drinking in honor of someone; a toast.
ɱΪĳ˵ȾƵľٶף
A vow to abstain from alcoholic liquor:
֤飺Ⱦƾϵԣ
ex-drinkers who have taken the pledge.
֤Ľ
v.ʣ
pledged,pledg.ing,pledg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To offer or guarantee by a solemn binding promise:
ŵׯԼŵ֤
pledge loyalty to a nation; pledged their cooperation.See Synonyms at devote 
ŵģŵǵĺμ devote
See Synonyms at promise 
μ promise
To bind or secure by or as if by a pledge:
áûõԼ֤
pledged themselves to the cause.
ԼΪ򵣱
To deposit as security; pawn.
ѺΪţѺ
To promise to join (a fraternity or similar organization).
ļ룺ļ루ֵܻ֯
To accept as a prospective member of such an organization.
᣺ĳ˳Ϊ֯δԱ
To drink a toast to.
Ϊף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a solemn binding promise; swear.
ŵׯԼԣ
To drink a toast.
ף
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French plege 
Դ ŷ plege 
probably from Late Latin plevium [a security] 
Դ  plevium [] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
plentiful
plen.ti.ful
AHD:[plnt1-fl] 
D.J.[6plent!f*l]
K.K.[6plWnt!f*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Existing in great quantity or ample supply.
ḻģԣģڻ㹩Ӧ
Providing or producing an abundance:
ģӦḻģ
a plentiful harvest.

?
plentifully
adv.ʣ
plentifulness
n.ʣ
?
plentiful,abundant,ample,copious,plenteous
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being fully as much as one needs or desires: 
Щݴе˼ǡͬҪϣһġ 
a plentiful supply of stationery;
ḻľ߹Ӧ
her abundant talent;
ḻĴǣ
ample space;
Ŀռ䣻
copious provisions;
ḻĹӦ
a plenteous crop of wheat. scant 
С scant

= =
plenty
plen.ty
AHD:[plnt?] 
D.J.[6plenti8]
K.K.[6plWnti]
n.ʣ
A full or completely adequate amount or supply:
㣺Ļȫ㹻Ӧ
plenty of time.
ʱ
A large quantity or amount; an abundance:
ḻ
Awards and honors came to her in plenty(Joyce Carol Oates)
Ľͺӿ(˿޶´)
A condition of general abundance or prosperity:
٣ձḻٵ״
fruitful regions gladdened by plenty and lulled by peace!(Samuel Johnson)
ڷٶ֣ںƽƽĸĵ!(ѶԼѷ)
adj.ݴʣ
Plentiful; abundant:
ḻģģ
Ships were then not so plenty in those waters as now(Herman Melville)
ʱЩˮڳ㡱(ն÷ά)
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Sufficiently; very:
ֵأǳ
It's plenty hot.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French plente 
Դ ŷ plente 
from Latin pl?3s} 
Դ  pl?3s} 
from pl?s [full] * see  pel- 1
Դ pl?s [] *μ pel- 1

= =
plot
plot
AHD:[pl?t] 
D.J.[plKt]
K.K.[pl$t]
n.ʣ
A small piece of ground, generally used for a specific purpose:
С鳡أõأһС鳡أһĳһĿĵģ
a garden plot; a cemetery plot.
һС黨԰һĹ
A measured area of land; a lot.
أһ龭أһ
A ground plan, as for a building; a diagram.
ͼͼһع滮ڽģͼ
See  graph 1
μ  graph1 
The plan of events or main story in a narrative or drama.
ڣڹ»Ϸ¼ĸҪҪ
A secret plan to accomplish a hostile or illegal purpose; a scheme.See Synonyms at conspiracy 
ıƻΪﵽһежԻǷĿĶƶܼƻμ conspiracy
v.ʣ
plot.ted,plot.ting,plots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To represent graphically, as on a chart:
ͼͼϸرʾһͼϣ
plot a ship's course.
ĺͼ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To locate (points or other figures) on a graph by means of coordinates.
ʾλãͨͼΣһƽͼϵλ
To draw (a curve) connecting points on a graph.
ͼʾãߣƽͼϵĵ
To conceive and arrange the action and incidents of:
룺ԤͰšж¼
I began plotting novels at about the time I learned to read(James Baldwin)
ҿʼѧϰĶʱҾֹ˼С˵ˡ(ղķ˹)
To form a plot for; prearrange secretly or deviously:
ı߻ΪƶһıܵػյԤ׼
plot an assassination.
ıһΰɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be located by means of coordinates, as on a chart or with data.
ʾͼϣһƽͼϻͨȷ
To form or take part in a plot; scheme.
ıв߻ƶһıͼı
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
plotlessness
n.ʣ

= =
plough
plough
AHD:[plou] 
D.J.[pla&]
K.K.[pla&]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of plow 
 plowı

= =
pluck
pluck
AHD:[pl?k] 
D.J.[plJk]
K.K.[plJk]
v.ʣ
plucked,pluck.ing,plucks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove or detach by grasping and pulling abruptly with the fingers; pick:
ɣժΣָͷץβͻȻֿժ
pluck a flower; pluck feathers from a chicken; plucked a rabbit from the hat.
ժһ仨μëñץһֻ
To pull out the hair or feathers of:
¡ëë
pluck a chicken.
μë
To remove abruptly or forcibly:
ͻȻǿƵسȥ
plucked the child from school in midterm.
ѧпǺ
To give an abrupt pull to; tug at:
ͻȻس
pluck a sleeve.

Music To sound (the strings of an instrument) by pulling and releasing them with the fingers or a plectrum.
֡ ңָƬȻſ죨ң
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give an abrupt pull; tug.
ͻȻһ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of plucking.
ɣժΣΡժɵȵΪ
Resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties; spirit.
ǰǶı͵
The heart, liver, windpipe, and lungs of a slaughtered animal.
ࣺ׶ࡢܺͷβ
?
Middle English plukken 
йӢ plukken 
from Old English pluccian 
Դ Ӣ pluccian 
probably from Vulgar Latin *pilucc3e 
Դ  *pilucc3e 
ultimately from Latin pil3e 
Դ  pil3e 
from pilus [hair] 
Դ pilus [ͷ] 
?
plucker
n.ʣ

= =
plug
plug
AHD:[pl?g] 
D.J.[plJg]
K.K.[plJg]
n.ʣ
An object, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper.
ӣ˨ӣ׵壬ľһŲ
A dense mass of material that obstructs a passage.
סͨһųܵ
A usually cylindrical or conic piece cut from something larger, often as a sample.
Բ״ӽϴƷµͨΪԲ״Բ׶״С飬Ʒ
Electricity 
ѧ 
A fitting, commonly with two metal prongs for insertion in a fixed socket, used to connect an appliance to a power supply.
ͷһֽͷһΪһ̶ĲƵ͵Ӧϵͳ
A spark plug.

A hydrant.
˨
A flat cake of pressed or twisted tobacco.
ѹɿ״ģ̲ݣѹɻʳɵıƽĿ״̲
A piece of chewing tobacco.
һڽ̲
Geology A mass of igneous rock filling the vent of a volcano.
ѧ Ҿһɽһ
Informal A favorable public mention of a commercial product, business, or performance, especially when broadcast.
ʽ ҵ棺һҵƷһҵһݵĹޣڹ㲥ʱ
Slang Something inferior, useless, or defective, especially an old, worn-out horse.
ٵ ŻʵġõĻȱݵָһƥ
Slang A gunshot or bullet:
ٵ ǹӵ
a plug in the back.
һǹ
Sports A lure to which hooks are attached, used especially in angling.
˶ ϵ㹳նڴ
v.ʣ
plugged,plug.ging,plugs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill (a hole) tightly with or as if with a plug; stop up.
˨û·һһ׶
To insert (something) as a plug:
ΪһӲȥ
plugged a cork in the bottle.
ľסƿ
Slang 
ٵ 
To hit with a bullet; shoot.
ǹ
To hit with the fist; punch.
ȭŹ
Informal To publicize (a product, for example) favorably, as by mentioning on a broadcast:
ʽ 棬ԵһֲƷͨ㲥ἰ
authors who plug their latest books on TV talk shows.
ڵ̸ĿΪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become stopped up or obstructed:
ס
alveoli that plug up with phlegm.
̵סķ
Informal To work doggedly and persistently:
ʽ ͷɣᶨƺͼֲиع
You may plug along fifty years before you get anywhere(Saul Bellow)
ܵͷʮŻͷء()
?
plug in
To connect (an appliance) to an electrical outlet.
ԴһԴ
To function by being connected to an electrical outlet:
ͨԴͨԴϹܣ
a power drill that plugs in.
ϵԴĵ
plug into
To connect or be connected to in the manner of an electrical appliance:
Եķʽ᣺
The local system is plugged into the national telephone network. This computer plugs into a data bank.
Ե绰ϵͳȫĵ绰ӡ̨Ͽ
Slang To cause to be closely attuned or responsive to:
ٵ ʹ롭Эʹ롭
connoisseurs who are plugged into the current art scene.
뵱ǰ۲ļͼ
?
Dutch 
 
from Middle Dutch plugge 
Դ йź plugge 
?
plugger
n.ʣ

= =
plunge
plunge
AHD:[pl?nj] 
D.J.[plJnd9]
K.K.[plJnd9]
v.ʣ
plunged,plung.ing,plung.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To thrust or throw forcefully into a substance or place:
룬룺һʻص
Plunge the lobsters, head first, into a large pot of rapidly boiling salted water(Craig Claiborne)
Ϻͷӽһ̵ˮС(׸񡤿)
To cast suddenly, violently, or deeply into a given state or situation:
ʹͻȻ룺ͻȻءҵػͶһض״̬Σ
The street was plunged in cool shadow(Richard Wright)
ֵͻȻ֮С(¡)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall or throw oneself into a substance or place:
Ͷ룻룺ʹԼͶʻռУ
We plunged into the icy mountain lake.
ɽ
To throw oneself earnestly or wholeheartedly into an activity or a situation:
ȫͶ룬ȫעڣػȫȫʹԼͶ뵽һֻУ
The students plunged into their examinations.
ѧȫעڿ
To enter or move headlong through something:
룺æؽ򴩹ĳ
The hunting dogs plunged into the forest in pursuit of game.
Թǳɭ׷
To descend steeply; fall precipitously:
͵㣻ͻȻ½
a cliff that plunges to the sea.

To move forward and downward violently:
ͻ壺ҵǰ˶
The disabled aircraft plunged to the ground and burst into flames.
ϵķɻΪһŻ
To speculate or gamble extravagantly.
ðգͶ޽ƵͶĲ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of plunging.
Ͷ룬룺Ͷ롢ȵΪ
A place or an area, such as a swimming pool, for diving or plunging.
Ͷ룺ˮǱˮĵطӾ
A swim; a dip.
Ӿˮ
?
take the plungeʽ
To begin an unfamiliar venture, especially after hesitating:
ðգȡȻж飺ʼһβϤðգڳһ֮
After a three-year engagement, they're finally taking the plunge.
ǽ
?
Middle English plungen 
йӢ plungen 
from Old French plongier 
Դ ŷ plongier 
from Vulgar Latin *plumbic3e [to heave a sounding lead] 
Դ  *plumbic3e [һǦ] 
from Latin plumbum [lead] 
Դ  plumbum [Ǧ] 

= =
plural
plu.ral
AHD:[pl?rl] 
D.J.[6pl&*r*l]
K.K.[6pl&r*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or composed of more than one member, set, or kind:
ģһϵĳԱȺɵģйصģ
the plural societies of the world.
ϸָ
Abbr. pl.,plu.Grammar Of, relating to, or being a grammatical form that designates more than one of the things specified.
д pl.,plu.﷨ ̬ģڡڻǱʾضеһ﷨ʽ
n.Abbr. pl.,plu.Grammar ʣд pl.,plu.﷨ 
The plural number or form.
ʽ
A word or term in the plural form.
ʣʽĵʻ
?
Middle English plurel 
йӢ plurel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pl?3lis} 
Դ  pl?3lis} 
from pl?s  pl?r- [more] * see  pel- 1
Դ pl?s  pl?r- [] *μ pel- 1
?
plurally
adv.ʣ

= =
plus
plus
AHD:[pl?s] 
D.J.[plJs]
K.K.[plJs]
conj.Ӵʣ
Mathematics Increased by the addition of:
ѧ ӣͨӡӣ
Two plus two is four.
Ӷ
Added to; along with:
ϣӣ
Their strength plus their spirit makes them formidable. Intelligence plus wit makes for an interesting person.
ǵټʹսʤǻۼϻǾͻһȤ
Usage Problem And:
÷ѡ ңͣ
[He]  is a committed man, plus he has imagination, vitality and national stature (Merv Griffin)
[] һᶨˣͬʱڹ (÷򡤸)
adj.ݴʣ
Positive or on the positive part of a scale:
ģģĻĳһģ
a plus value; a temperature of plus five degrees.
һֵȵ¶
Added or extra:
ӵģģ
a plus benefit.

Informal Increased to a further degree or number:
ʽ һЩģӼֵģӵһĳ̶ȻĿģ
At 70 plus,[he]  is old enough to be metaphysical (Anatole Broyard)
ʮ䣬[] Ѿϵϡ̸Ūˡ (ж³Ƕ)
Ranking on the higher end of a designated scale:
Ըڵģָϸߵһ˵ģ
a grade of C plus.
C+ķ
Physics Positive.
ѧ 
n.ʣ
 plus.es  plus.ses  
Mathematics The plus sign (+).
ѧ ţӺţӷ(+)
A positive quantity.

A favorable condition or factor:
أ
The clear weather was a plus for the golf tournament.
ʵ߶ṩõĻ
?
Latin pl?s [more] * see  pel- 1
 pl?s [] *μ pel- 1
?
Philosophers of mathematics have long debated the proper analysis of the relation denoted by the + sign in equations such as 2 + 2 = 4,so it is not surprising that the syntactic status of 
its natural language equivalent, the wordplus,  should be similarly problematic though to be sure, the questions are primarily of theoretical interest.When mathematical equations are 
pronounced as English sentences,the verb is usually in the singular:Two plus two  is (or equals ) four.  By the same token,subjects containing two noun phrases joined byplus  are 
usually construed as singular:  
ѧѧѾ2+2=4ʽеġ+ʾĹϵȷ˳ڵıۣһŵȻԶӦplus ﷨λӦͬȷҲͲΪ
ˡ ȻȷЩҲҪϵȤѧʽתΪӢӣͨõʽTwo plus two is equals  four  ͨͬļǺţ
plus ʶͨΪ  
The construction slowdown plus the bad weather has made for a weak market. 
ļٺʹгƣ 
This observation has suggested to some thatplus  should be regarded as a preposition in these uses, on the model of expressions such astogether with or in addition to.  But the 
phrases introduced byplus  do not behave like prepositional phrases in other respects. They cannot be moved to the beginning of the sentence, for example.We do not sayPlus the bad 
weather, the construction slowdown has made for a weak market   (contrast the acceptable sentence beginning withTogether with the bad weather ). What is more,subjects containing two 
noun phrases connected byplus  are usually singular even when the first noun phrase is plural:  
Щ˵仰ᰵʾplus ÷ӦΪһʣ together with  in addition to ıģʽС plus Ķ沢Զ 
ǲܷŵסǲ˵֮ʩļٻᵼг   ԱȽTogether with the bad weather ͷĿɱܵľӣ ⣬ʹplus 
ԶеһԶΪͨΪ  
Our contacts plus their capital makes (more common than make ) for a formidable marketing organization  
ǵĹϵǵʱɣ make  һǿӪ֯  
 (compareTwo cows plus two cows  makes four cows ). This situation suggests thatplus  in these uses should be regarded as a particular kind of conjunction, which joins two elements 
that are taken together as a single entity,the way the conjunctionand  does in a sentence such as Peas and carrots  is Sophie's favorite combination.   The usage ofplus  in he 
construction industry has been hurt by the rise in rates. Plus which, bad weather has affected housing starts is not well established in formal writing, nor is the use ofplus  introducing 
an independent clause, as inShe has a great deal of talent, plus she is willing to work hard.  
ԱȽTwo cows plus two cows makes four cows ) ʾplus Щ÷ӦΪ ᱻΪһɷ֣and  Peas 
and carrots is Sophie's favorite combination ľһ Plus  ҵܵߵ𺦡 ⣬ҲӰ˷ݵ˽һе÷ʽд
δ㷺ܵģ plus һ÷ˣ 츳ԸŬ  

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pocket
pock.et
AHD:[p?k1t] 
D.J.[6pKk!t]
K.K.[6p$k!t]
n.ʣ
A small baglike attachment forming part of a garment and used to carry small articles, as a flat pouch sewn inside a pair of pants or a piece of material sewn on its sides and bottom to 
the outside of a shirt.
ڴһСʹ״γһ֡ЯСڿıƽĴӻڳߵ͵ײһƬ
A small sack or bag.
СС
A receptacle, a cavity, or an opening.See Synonyms at hole 
Ѩ򿪿ڲμ hole
Financial means; money supply:
ֶΣǮԴ
The cost of the trip must come out of your own pocket.
÷ѱԸ
A small cavity in the earth, especially one containing ore.
أСѨ京пʯİѨ
A small body or accumulation of ore.
ӣСʯĶѻ
A pouch in an animal body, such as the cheek pouch of a rodent or the abdominal pouch of a marsupial.
ι죺ĶǴ򸹴දļҳдද︹Ĵ
Games One of the pouchlike receptacles at the corners and sides of a billiard or pool table.
Ϸ Ѩײ̨ĽǺͱϵĴ״еһ
Sports A racing position in which a contestant has no room to pass a group of contestants immediately to his or her front or side.
˶ 赲λãһλãһѡûпռ䳬ǰϵһȺѡ
A small, isolated, or protected area or group.
ĵĻ򱻱С
An air pocket.

A bin for storing ore, grain, or other materials.
ֿ⣺ſʯϵĴ
adj.ݴʣ
Suitable for or capable of being carried in one's pocket:
ڿڴģģڻܹڿڴЯģ
a pocket handkerchief; a pocket edition of a dictionary.
´ڴֵ
Small; miniature:
Сģģ
a pocket backyard; a pocket museum.
СԺ㲩
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pock.et.ed,pock.et.ing,pock.ets 
To place in or as if in a pocket.
ŽڴŽ·Žڴ
To take possession of for oneself, especially dishonestly:
˽̣ãΪУָʵأ
pocketed the receipts from the charity dance.
뱥˽
To accept or tolerate (an insult, for example).
ܣ̣裩
To conceal or suppress:
أѹ֣
I pocketed my pride and asked for a raise.
ѹҵҪн
To prevent (a bill) from becoming law by failing to sign until the adjournment of the legislature.
鰸ֱͨݻǰδǩֹһ鰸Ϊ
Sports To hem in (a competitor) in a race.
˶ ʱΧߣ
Games To hit (a ball) into a pocket of a pool or billiard table.
Ϸ һ򣩻̨Ĵ
?
in (one's) pocket
In one's power, influence, or possession:
ˡ֧䣺ĳ˵ȨӰƲ£
The defendant had the jury in his pocket.
ѿ
in pocket
Having funds.
ӵʽ
Having gained or retained funds of a specified amount:
׬Ǯ̻ر׬ȡ˻סһʽ
was a hundred dollars in pocket after a day at the races.
ڶϴһһԪ
line (one's) pockets
To make a profit, especially by illegitimate means.
˽ңȡָͨǷ;
?
Middle English [pouch, small bag] 
йӢ [ӣС] 
from Anglo-Norman pokete 
Դ Ӣ pokete 
diminutive of Old North French poke [bag] 
 ŷ pokeС׺ [ڴ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
pocketable
adj.ݴʣ
pocketless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
poem
po.em
AHD:[p?m] 
D.J.[6p*&*m]
K.K.[6po*m]
n.ʣ
A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed language chosen for its sound and 
suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
ʫĺͳķʽﾭ顢˼еĿѧƷͰʾѡŨΪࡢϵѧַ
A composition in verse rather than in prose.
ʫƪʫɢʽ
A literary composition written with an intensity or beauty of language more characteristic of poetry than of prose.
ʫģñɢĶʫΪĽջдѧƷ
A creation, an object, or an experience having beauty suggestive of poetry.
ʫһʫһĴ
?
French pome 
 pome 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin po?a 
Դ  po?a 
from Greek poi?a 
Դ ϣ poi?a 
from poiein [to create] * see  k wei- 2
Դ poiein [죻] *μ k wei- 2

= =
poet
po.et
AHD:[p?1t] 
D.J.[6p*&!t]
K.K.[6po!t]
n.ʣ
A writer of poems.
ʫˣʫ
One who demonstrates great imaginative power, insight, or beauty of expression:
ʫ˲ˣʾ˷Ƿǵˣ
a poet of the classical ballet.
ŵʦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French poete 
Դ ŷ poete 
from Latin po?a 
Դ  po?a 
from Greek poi??s} [maker, composer] 
Դ ϣ poi??s} [ߣ] 
from poiein [to create] * see  k wei- 2
Դ poiein [죻] *μ k wei- 2
?
poet,bard,versifier,rhymer,rhymester,poetaster
These nouns denote persons who write verse.
Щʱʾдʫˡ
 Poet  is the most inclusive but usually applies to one who writes poetry of merit,as in being eloquent in expression, imaginative, and creative: 
 Poet  һʰĵָͨдʫˣڱ۱ġдģ 
Every man, that writes in verse is not a Poet (Ben Jonson).
ÿд˽ʫˡ 
 Bard  in its original meaning denoted a Celtic poet who composed and sang verses dealing with legendary heroes or events;now the term applies especially to a lyric poet: 
 Bard  ˼ָ봫˵еӢۻ¼йصʫеĿʫˣָһλʫˣ 
In reading their verse aloud, few bards can compare to Dylan Thomas.
ڴʶǵʫһϣλ˹ϡ
Versifier, rhymer,   andrhymester refer principally to minor or inferior poets:  
Versifierrhymer  rhymester ҪָҪʫ˻εȵʫˣ  
He dismissed her work as that of a mere versifier.
ƷΪһðʫ
How could the critics praise such a rhymer?
ۼôһŵʫˣ
This rhymster has written mainly doggerel.
νʫҪдʫ
Poetaster,  the most pejorative of these terms,applies to a writer of insignificant, meretricious, or shoddy verse: 
Poetaster  Щ߱һʣ޼ֵ޻ӵʫߣ 
His verse has the sing-song rhythm of a poetaster. 
ʫʫ˵ĵĽ 

= =
poetry
po.et.ry
AHD:[p?1-tr?] 
D.J.[6p*&!tri8]
K.K.[6po!tri]
n.Abbr. poet.ʣд poet.
The art or work of a poet.
ʫʫ˵Ʒ
Poems regarded as forming a division of literature.
ʫ裺Ϊһѧ֧ʫƪ
The poetic works of a given author, group, nation, or kind.
ʫĳһضߡȺ塢һʫƷ
A piece of literature written in meter; verse.
ʫʫдɵһƪѧƷʫ
Prose that resembles a poem in some respect, as in form or sound.
ɢʫĳЩ棨ʽϣʫɢ
The essence or characteristic quality of a poem.
ʫʫ⾳һʫľԵƷ
The quality of a poem, as possessed by an object, act, or experience:
ʫ⣺ʫƷʣ塢Ϊеģ
the poetry of the dance movements.
赸еʫ
?
Middle English poetrie 
йӢ poetrie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin po?a 
Դ  po?a 
from Latin po?a [poet] * see  poet 
Դ  po?a [ʫ] *μ poet

= =
point
point
AHD:[point] 
D.J.[p%!nt]
K.K.[p%!nt]
n.Abbr. pt.ʣд pt.
A sharp or tapered end:
ˣĻϸһˣ
the point of a knife; the point of the antenna.
⣻ߵļ
An object having a sharp or tapered end:
мϸ˵壺
a stone projectile point.
ʯƵ
A tapering extension of land projecting into water; a peninsula, cape, or promontory.
ǣᵣ뵺ˮеһ𽥱üϸ½أ뵺ǻ
A mark formed by or as if by a sharp end.
㣺ɻ·һͷγɵı
A mark or dot used in printing or writing for punctuation, especially a period.
㣺ӡˢдΪһǻԲ㣬ָһ
A decimal point.
С
Linguistics A vowel point.
ѧ Ԫ
One of the protruding marks used in certain methods of writing and printing for the sightless.
äԵֵģ㣺ͻı֮һĳЩΪäƵдӡˢ
Mathematics A dimensionless geometric object having no properties except location.
ѧ 㣺λûصά
A place or locality considered with regard to its position:
ص㣺ǵλõĵطλ
connections to Chicago and points west.
֥Ӹ缰һЩص
A narrowly particularized and localized position or place; a spot:
λãʮ־ҹ̶ĵطλãص㣺
The troops halted at a point roughly 1,000 yards from the river.
ھԼһǧĵطͣ
A specified degree, condition, or limit, as in a scale or course:
ȷĳ̶ȣȷضĳ̶ȡ״ޣڱȻУ
the melting point of a substance.
ĳʵ۵
Any of the 32 equal divisions marked at the circumference of a mariner's compass card that indicate direction.
ʮλ֮һָʾˮ޾̶Բϱǵʮȷ֮һ
The interval of 11=15 between any two adjacent markings.
ڵĿ̶֮11=15ļн
A distinct condition or degree:
ĳ״ĳ̶ֳȣ
finally reached the point of exhaustion.
ڵƣĳ̶
The interval of time immediately before a given occurrence; the verge:
ͷһض¼ǰʱٽ㣺
on the point of resignation; at the point of death.
Ҫְ֮ʱ֮ʱ
A specific moment in time:
ʱ̣ʱϵһضʱ̣
At this point, we are ready to proceed.
ʱ׼ǰ
An objective or a purpose to be reached or achieved, or one that is worth reaching or achieving:
ĿģﵽȡõĿĿģֵôﵽȡõĿĿģ
What is the point of discussing this issue further?
ȥʲô?
The major idea or essential part of a concept or narrative:
Ҫ㣻Ҫ壺һҪ۵ؼĲ֣
You have missed the whole point of the novel.
ƪС˵Ҫ
A significant, outstanding, or effective idea, argument, or suggestion:
ҪĽ飬ڵ뷨ҪġͬһĻЧĹ۵㡢۵飺
Your point is well taken.
Ľ鱻ܺõز
A separate, distinguishing item or element; a detail:
ص㣺ġڲͬĿأϸڣ
Diplomacy is certainly not one of his strong points. Your weak point is your constant need for approval.
⽻ȻسҪõ˵ͬ
A quality or characteristic that is important or distinctive, especially a standard characteristic used to judge an animal.
ӵ㣺һҪƷʻָж϶һ׼
A single unit, as in counting, rating, or measuring.
λһֵλԻõĵλ
A unit of academic credit usually equal to one hour of class work per week during one semester.
ѧ֣ѧֵĵλͨһѧÿܵһʱ
A numerical unit of academic achievement equal to a letter grade.
ѧҵɼʽĵλĸʾĵȼ
Sports Games A unit of scoring or counting.
˶ Ϸ Ʒֻĵλ
A unit equal to one dollar, used to quote or state variations in the current prices of stocks or commodities.
㣺һ൱һԪĵλƱƷּ۵ı仯
A unit equal to one percent, used to quote or state interest rates or shares in gross profits.
ٷֵ㣺һٷֵĵλʻëĹƱ
One percent of the total principal of a loan, paid up front to the lender and considered separately from the interest.
Ϣһʴܱİٷ֮һԤ֧һϢֿ
Music A phrase, such as a fugue subject, in contrapuntal music.
֡ λֵĶ̾䣺λеһ־䣬һ
Printing A unit of type size equal to 0.01384 inch, or approximately !/72 of an inch.
ӡˢ ӡˢСһֵλ0.01384Ӣ磬ԼΪʮ֮һӢ
A jeweler's unit of weight equal to 2 milligrams or 0.01 carat.
㣺ʯõλ2΢˻0.01
The act or an instance of pointing.
׼ָΪ
The stiff and attentive stance taken by a hunting dog.
ˣԹȡĽӲע
Needlepoint.

See  bobbin lace 
μ  bobbin lace
A reconnaissance or patrol unit that moves ahead of an advance party or guard, or that follows a rear guard.
һȺǰʿǰƶѲߵĵλҲָβһ֧
The position occupied by such a unit or guard:
λãһλռݵλã
A team of Rangers were walking point at the outset of the operation.
һͻԱھ֮μ
An electrical contact, especially one in the distributor of an automobile engine.
Ӵ㣺紥㣬ϵĽӴ
Chiefly British An electrical socket or outlet.
Ӣ Դͷ
points The extremities of an animal, such as a horse or dog.
 points ֫򹷵
A movable rail, tapered at the end, such as that used in a railroad switch.
תһ˼ϸƶ죬·
The vertex of the angle created by the intersection of rails in a frog or switch.
޲ǣڲĻϣ콻ɵĽǵĶ
A ribbon or cord with a metal tag at the end, used to fasten clothing in the 16th and 17th centuries.
ͷϵĩ˴ǩ˿ϸ1617ͱϵ·
v.ʣ
point.ed,point.ing,points 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct or aim:
ָ׼
point a weapon.See Synonyms at aim 
׼μ aim
To bring (something) to notice:
ָʹĳע⣺
pointed out an error in their reasoning.
ָеĴ
To indicate the position or direction of:
ָλãָ
pointed out the oldest buildings on the skyline.
ָƽϵĽ
To sharpen (a pencil, for example); provide with a point.
⣨磬һ֧Ǧʣʹмͷ
To separate with decimal points:
õ
pointing off the hundredths place in a column of figures.
һÿλõ
To mark (text) with points; punctuate.
ӱ㣺õǣ£ӱڡ
Linguistics To mark (a consonant) with a vowel point.
ѧ ԪţԪǣһ
To give emphasis to; stress:
ǿصָ
comments that simply point up flawed reasoning.
һǡǡǿ۵Ĵ
To indicate the presence and position of (game) by standing immobile and directing the muzzle toward it. Used of a hunting dog.
ԹָʾڣվָģںλãһֻԹ
To fill and finish the joints of (masonry) with cement or mortar.
ԻĨˮ͸ǣʯģϲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct attention or indicate position with or as if with the finger.
ָʾָ·ָעָʾλ
To turn the mind or thought in a particular direction or to a particular conclusion:
ʾʾʹתĳһضĳһض˼룺
All indications point to an early spring.
еļʾ
To be turned or faced in a given direction; aim.
׼תĳһضķ׼
To indicate the presence and position of game. Used of a hunting dog.
ԹָʾλãָʾĴںλãһֻԹ
Nautical To sail close to the wind.
 ӭʻ
?
beside the point
Irrelevant to the matter at hand.
ͷ޹ص
in point
Having relevance or pertinence.
йϵģص
in point of
With reference to; in the matter of:
͡ԣڡ
In point of fact, I never lived at the address stated on the form.
ʵϣҴδڱǸַס
make a point of
To consider or treat (an action or activity) as indispensable:
رע⣬ӣѣһжΪΪȱٵĲ֣
made a point of visiting their niece on the way home.
ڻؼҵ·˳㿴ǵֶŮ
stretch a point
To make an exception.

to the point
Concerning or with relevance to the matter at hand:
ģеģй۵¼ģ۵¼йصģ
remarks that were to the point; rambled and would not speak to the point.
ͱصĻҽȴ뱾ص
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
partly from Old French point [prick, mark, moment]  from Vulgar Latin *punctum  from Latin p?m [from neuter past participle of] pungere [to prick] 
Դ ŷ point [̺ۣǣʱ]  Դ  *punctum  Դ  p?m  [] ԴpungereԹȥִ [̣] 
and partly from Old French pointe [sharp end]  from Vulgar Latin *puncta  from Latin p?a [feminine past participle of] pungere [to prick] * see  peuk- 
ҲԴ ŷ pointe [ͷ]  Դ  *puncta  Դ  p?a  [] pungereԹȥִ [̣] *μ peuk- 

= =
poison
poi.son
AHD:[poizn] 
D.J.[6p%!z*n]
K.K.[6p%!z*n]
n.ʣ
A substance that causes injury, illness, or death, especially by chemical means.
һ֣ͨѧãˡ
Something destructive or fatal.
ĳֻԻ
Chemistry Physics A substance that inhibits another substance or a reaction:
ѧ ѧ ƼƱʻĳһӦʣ
a catalyst poison.
߻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
poi.soned,poi.son.ing,poi.sons 
To kill or harm with poison.
ööɱ˺
To put poison on or into:
¶ҩ棺
poisoning arrows; poisoned the drink.
ͷͿھ¶
To pollute:
Ⱦ
Noxious fumes poison the air.See Synonyms at contaminate 
кȾ˿μ contaminate
To have a harmful influence on; corrupt:
𺦣ɲӰ죺ԡкӰ죻ʹ񻯣
Jealousy poisoned their friendship.
ǵ
Chemistry Physics To inhibit (a substance or reaction).
ѧ ѧ ƣһʻӦ
adj.ݴʣ
Poisonous.
ж
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin p??}  p?ti?n- [drink] * see  p?(i)- 
Դ  p??}  p?ti?n- [Ʒ] *μ p?(i)- 
?
poisoner
n.ʣ
?
The phrasepoison potion  besides being alliterative also consists of doublets, that is, two words that go back ultimately to the same source in another language.The source for both 
words is Latinp??,}  which meant the act of drinking, a drink, or a liquid dose, as of a medicine or poison.Our wordpotion  retains the form of the Latin word (actually the form of the 
stem p??n-} ) and the dose sense, although it passed through Old French (pocion ) on its way to Middle English ( pocion ), first recorded in a work composed around 1300.In Old 
Frenchpocion  is a learned borrowing, one that was deliberately taken from Latin in a form corresponding to the Latin form.But the Latin word had also passed through Vulgar Latin into 
Old French in the different formpoison.  This word meant beverage, liquid dose, and also poison beverage, poison.The wordpoison  is first recorded in Middle English in a 
work composed around 1200. 
Poison potion һѺͷ⻹ͬԴδʹɵģ ҲտɹᵽһеͬһԴʵԴpotio , ΪȵΪһƷ
һҺҩҩǽʹõpotion һʵʽʵǴʸ potion- ʽ͡ҩ˼ ȻǾɹŷpocion й
Ӣģ pocion  йӢ¼1300ɵһСڹŷpocion һѧԵĽʣ ôһֺʽӦʽн
õġһҲѾһʽͨpoison ŷ ΪϡҺԼԵϡҩPoison һԼ
1200дɵмǽйӢġ 

= =
poisonous
poi.son.ous
AHD:[poiz-ns] 
D.J.[6p%!z*n*s]
K.K.[6p%!z*n*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the capability of harming or killing by or as if by poison; toxic or venomous.
жģͨͨҩ˺ɱģжĻ綾
Containing a poison.
ҩ
Marked by apparent ill will:
񶾵ģжģԵĶģ
poisonous hate . . . in his eyes(Ernest Hemingway)
񶾵ĳޡС(ŷ˹ء)
?
poisonously
adv.ʣ
poisonousness
n.ʣ
?
poisonous,mephitic,pestilent,pestilential,toxic,venomous,virulent
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having the destructive or fatal effect of a poison: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡĳֶҩĻԻЧġ 
a poisonous snake;
һߣ
a mephitic vapor;
һж
a pestilent agitator;
񶾵ɿߣ
pestilential jungle mists;
же
toxic fumes;
̣
venomous jealousy;
񶾵ļʣ
a virulent form of cancer. 
֢һʽ 

= =
poke
poke 1
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[p*&k]
K.K.[pok]
v.ʣ
poked,pok.ing,pokes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push or jab at, as with a finger or an arm; prod.
ͱƻֱָۣ
To make (a hole or pathway, for example) by or as if by prodding, elbowing, or jabbing:
֣ƿͨ·ͨͱƻŪһһͨ
I poked my way to the front of the crowd.
ҼȺǰ
To push; thrust:
ƣ죺
A seal poked its head out of the water.
һֻͷ̽ˮ
To stir (a fire) by prodding the wood or coal with a poker or stick.
λòͱľͷúʹյø
Slang To strike; punch.
ٵ 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make thrusts or jabs, as with a stick or poker.
̻ùӻ򲦻
To pry or meddle; intrude:
̽棻룺
poking into another's business.
˵
To search or look curiously in a desultory manner:
ѰңɢķʽѰۿ
poked about in the desk.

To proceed in a slow or lazy manner; putter:
й䣺Իķʽǰ
just poked along all morning.
ֻйһ
To thrust forward; appear:
֣
The child's head poked from under the blankets.
Сë̺ͷ
n.ʣ
A push, thrust, or jab.
ƣ̣
Slang A punch or blow with the fist:
ٵ һȭȭͷػŹ
a poke in the jaw.
һȭ
One who moves slowly or aimlessly; a dawdler.
йߣػĿĵƶˣӵ
?
poke fun at
To ridicule in a mischievous manner; tease.
öķʽȡЦϷŪ
?
Middle English poken 
йӢ poken 
probably from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch 
 йź 
?
poke
poke 2
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[p*&k]
K.K.[pok]
n.ʣ
A projecting brim at the front of a bonnet.
ǰܣһŮñǰͻñ
A large bonnet having a projecting brim.
ǰŮñͻñصһŮñ
?
From poke 1
Դ poke1
?
poke
poke 3
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[p*&k]
K.K.[pok]
n.Chiefly Southern U.S. ʣϲ 
A sack; a bag.
ӣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Old North French * see  pocket 
Դ ŷ *μ pocket
?
Apig in a poke  is concealed in a sack from the buyer. The nounpoke meaning a bag or sackdates from the 14th century in English. In many parts of Scotlandpoke  means a little 
paper bag for carrying purchases or a cone-shaped piece of paper for an ice-cream cone. TheOxford English Dictionary  gives similar forms in other languages: Icelandicpoki,  Gaelic 
poc  or poca,  and French poche. Pouchand pocket are undoubtedly cognates. 
һֻ һֻж poke ʡΪһӡӢп׷ݵ14͡ ոطpoke ָЯƷһСֽ
ܾһ׶ֽƬ ţӢʵ ˸ôеĽʽ еpoki Ƕе poc  poca ͷе poche Pouch pocket ͬԴ
 
?
poke
poke 4
AHD:[p?k] 
D.J.[p*&k]
K.K.[pok]
n.ʣ
Pokeweed.
½½
?
Short for dialectal pocan 
  pocanļд 
[of Virginia Algonquian origin] ; akin to  Akin to puccoon 
[Դڸݵİ]    puccoon 

= =
polar
po.lar
AHD:[p?lr] 
D.J.[6p*&l*]
K.K.[6pol+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a pole.
صģصģйؼص
Measured from or referred to a pole:
Ӽزģռصģ
polar distance; polar diameter.
ֱࣻ
Relating to, connected with, or located near the North Pole or South Pole.
صģڱϼģ뼫ģλڱϼ
Passing over a planet's north and south poles:
ԽصģһǵϼͱϿյģ
a polar orbit.
ԽصĹ
Traveling in an orbit that passes over a planet's north and south poles.
оصģһһϱϿյĹе
Serving as a guide, as a polestar or a pole of the earth.
ָʾģģģһűǻһ
Occupying or characterized by opposite extremes:
ģ෴ģռ෴˵ģռ෴Ϊģ
In creative territory[they]  make a strange yet ineluctable couple, more complementary, even polar, than twin-like (Josh Rubins)
ڴ[] ȴֲɱһԣ˵˫̥˵ǻģǽȻġ (Լʲ³˹)
Central or pivotal.
ģĵ
Chemistry Having to do with or characterized by a dipole:
ѧ żģżйصĻżģ
a polar molecule.
żķ

= =
pole
pole 1
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[p*&l]
K.K.[pol]
n.Abbr. p.ʣд p.
Either extremity of an axis through a sphere.
ģһеһ
Geography Either of the regions contiguous to the extremities of the earth's rotational axis, the North Pole or the South Pole.
ѧ ϼתĵеһϼ
Physics A magnetic pole.
ѧ ż
Either of two oppositely charged terminals, as in an electric cell or battery.
缫෴ɵĵ缫еһڵػ
Astronomy A celestial pole.
ѧ ļ
Biology 
ѧ 
Either extremity of the main axis of a nucleus, a cell, or an organism.
ϸļϸˡϸл˵һ
Either end of the spindle formed in a cell during mitosis.
Ĵϸ˿γɵķĴ˵һ
The point on a nerve cell where a process originates.
ͻʼ㣺ϸһ̿ʼһ
Either of two antithetical ideas, propensities, forces, or positions:
˫ֻ˼롢λеһ֣
the moral poles of modern medicine: on the one hand, a tinkering with procreation with at best ambiguous, at worst monstrous moral possibilities. On the other hand, scientific skill 
and cunning unambiguously in the service of hope(Charles Krauthammer)
ִҽѧϻһĸĽģɣµĵ»һȴǿѧļͷʵԸ(˹Ĭ)
A fixed point of reference.
е㣺ΪյĹ̶
Mathematics The origin in a polar coordinate system; the vertex of a polar angle.
ѧ 㣺һϵеʼˣһǵĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin polus 
Դ  polus 
from Greek polos [axis, sky] * see  k wel- 1
Դ ϣ polos [ᣬ] *μ k wel- 1
?
pole
pole 2
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[p*&l]
K.K.[pol]
n.ʣ
A long, relatively slender, generally rounded piece of wood or other material.
ˣһ鳤ġԽϸġͨΪԲ״ľͷ
The long, tapering wooden shaft extending up from the front axle of a vehicle to the collars of the animals drawing it; a tongue.
ԯһǰ쵽ǣóĶ׾Ȧϵһġɴֱϸľˣԯ
See  rod 
μ  rod 
A unit of area equal to a square rod.
ƽˣһƽ˵λ
Nautical A small or light spar.
 һСĻΦ
Sports The inside position on the starting line of a racetrack:
˶ ڲࣺܵʼλã
qualified in the time trials to start on the pole.
ڲ࿪ʼʱ
v.ʣ
poled,pol.ing,poles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Nautical To propel with a pole:
 һƶ
boatmen poling barges up a placid river.
ƽȵĺϳŴ
To propel (oneself) or make (one's way) by the use of ski poles:
ԸƽʹûѩƶԼ·ǰУ
We ski through the glades on corn snow, then pole our way over a long one-hour runout to a road(Frederick Selby)
ǻѩּյأȻһСʱ·̵һ·ϡ(׵ˡ)
To support (plants) with a pole.
Ը֧ţֲ
To strike, poke, or stir with a pole.
øӻ򡢴
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Nautical To propel a boat or raft with a pole.
 ԸͳŴһ˻ƶС
Sports To use ski poles to maintain or gain speed.
˶ Իѩƽ٣ʹûѩֻٶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English p3l 
Դ Ӣ p3l 
from Latin p3s [stake] * see  pag- 
Դ  p3s [] *μ pag- 
?
Pole
Pole
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[p*&l]
K.K.[pol]
n.ʣ
A native or inhabitant of Poland.
ˣ˻
A person of Polish descent.
˺᣺вѪͳ
?
Pole
PoleReginald (1500-1558)
NONE޴ԣ
English prelate. The last Roman Catholic archbishop of Canterbury (1556), he was a leading figure in the Counter Reformation.
׽ŵ£׽ɵ£(1500-1558) Ӣ̡һοز̴(1556꣩ڷڽ̸ĸһ쵼

= =
police
po.lice
AHD:[p-l?s] 
D.J.[p*6li8s]
K.K.[p*6lis]
n.ʣ
 police 
The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and 
prevent and detect crime.
֣Լ͹һţڱҪάִзɺͷֹƷΪĲ
A body of persons making up such a department, trained in methods of law enforcement and crime prevention and detection and given the authority to maintain the peace, safety, and 
order of the community.
죺һŵһȺˣǱרѵִзɺͷֹƷΪķάһĺƽȫְȨ
A body of persons having similar organization and function:
ƾԱְ֯ܵһȺˣ
campus police.Also called  police force 
У԰Ҳ  police force
(used with a pl. verb)Police officers considered as a group.
븴ãܳƣ죺һȺľ
Regulation and control of the affairs of a community, especially with respect to maintenance of order, law, health, morals, safety, and other matters affecting the public welfare.
һĹͿƣرǶй򡢷ɡºͰȫάԼӰ쵽
The cleaning of a military base or other military area:
ֵڣԾ»ػµе
Police of the barracks must be completed before inspection can take place.
ڼ֮ǰӪֵڱ
The soldier or soldiers assigned to a specified maintenance duty.
ֵԱָɸĳһضάʿʿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
police uniforms; the police department.
Ʒ첿
v.tr.ﶯʣ
po.liced,po.lic.ing,po.lic.es 
To regulate, control, or keep in order with or as if with a law enforcement agency.
άΰͨ·ͨһִзɵĻԼ򱣳
To make (a military area, for example) neat in appearance:
ʹ磬һµȥࣺ
policed the barracks; policing up one's room.
Ӫĳ˵ķ
?
French 
 
from Old French policie [civil organization] 
Դ ŷ policie [֯] 
from Late Latin polooa} 
Դ  polooa} 
from Latin [the State] 
Դ  [] 
from Greek politeia 
Դ ϣ politeia 
from polit?s [citizen] 
Դ polit?s [] 
from polis [city] * see  pel- 3
Դ polis [] *μ pel- 3
?
policeable
adj.ݴʣ
policer
n.ʣ

= =
policeman
po.lice.man
AHD:[p-l?smn] 
D.J.[p*6li8sm*n]
K.K.[p*6lism*n]
n.ʣ
A man who is a member of a police force.
죺ھ첿ӵһԱ

= =
policy
policy 1
AHD:[p?l1-s?] 
D.J.[6pKl!si8]
K.K.[6p$l!si]
n.ʣ
 pol.i.cies 
A plan or course of action, as of a government, political party, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters:
ߣһƻж·ߣҵļƻж·ߣӰȷж飺
American foreign policy; the company's personnel policy.
Ķߣù˾
A course of action, guiding principle, or procedure considered expedient, prudent, or advantageous:
ֶΣıԣһж·ߡָԭ򣬱ΪȨ˵ġĻģ
Honesty is the best policy.
ʵõĲ
Prudence, shrewdness, or sagacity in practical matters.
ʵеĽ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
policy statements; policy issues.

?
Middle English policie [art of government, civil organization] 
йӢ policie [ι֮֯] 
from Old French * see  police 
Դ ŷ *μ police
?
policy
policy 2
AHD:[p?l1-s?] 
D.J.[6pKl!si8]
K.K.[6p$l!si]
n.ʣ
 pol.i.cies 
A written contract or certificate of insurance.
յԼһıԼ֤
A numbers game.
ƱĲ
?
Obsolete police 
 police 
from French [contract, bill of lading] 
Դ  [Լ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian polizza 
Դ  polizza 
alteration of Medieval Latin apodixa [receipt] 
  apodixaı仯 [վ] 
from Medieval Greek apodeixis 
Դ ϣ apodeixis 
from Greek [proof] 
Դ ϣ [֤] 
from apodeiknunai [to prove] 
Դ apodeiknunai [֤] 
apo- [intensive pref.] * see  apo- 
apo- [ǿǰ׺] *μ apo-
deiknunai [to show] * see  deik- 
deiknunai [ʾ] *μ deik- 

= =
polish
pol.ish
AHD:[p?l1sh] 
D.J.[6pKl!.]
K.K.[6p$l!.]
v.ʣ
pol.ished,pol.ish.ing,pol.ish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action:
ĥ⣻òûѧӦʹƽ
polished the silver and the brass.
ͭ
To remove the outer layers from (grains of rice) by rotation in drums.
Իȥǣͨڹתȥף
To free from coarseness; refine:
ʹΣʹڴףʹţ
Four years of prep school should polish those children.
ԤѧϰӦЩӱĶ
To remove flaws from; perfect or complete:
ȥȱ㣻ʹƣ
polishing one's piano technique; polished up the lyrics.
ĳ˵ĸ༼գɫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become smooth or shiny by or as if by being rubbed:
ĥ⣻򱻲û·򱻲öƽ
The surface on our dining table polishes easily.
ǲײ
To become perfect or refined.
侫
n.ʣ
Smoothness or shininess of surface or finish:
⻬ƽ
satin with a polish.
⻬Ķ
A substance containing chemical agents or abrasive particles and applied to smooth or shine a surface.
Ϲлѧýʻֲ΢һʣһ
The act or process of polishing.
ĥ⣬Ϊ
Elegance of style or manner.See Synonyms at elegance 
ţȻֹŲμ elegance
?
polish off ʽ
To finish or dispose of quickly and easily.
Ѹٵɣܿ׵׵
?
Middle English polisshen 
йӢ polisshen 
from Old French polir  poliss- 
Դ ŷ polir  poliss- 
from Latin poloe * see  pel- 5
Դ  poloe *μ pel- 5
?
polisher
n.ʣ
?
Polish
Po.lish
AHD:[p?l1sh] 
D.J.[6p*&l!.]
K.K.[6pol!.]
adj.Abbr. Pol.ݴʣд Pol.
Of or relating to Poland or its people, their language, or culture.
ģģڻڲ塢ԻĻ
n.ʣ
The Slavic language of the Poles.
˹

= =
polite
po.lite
AHD:[p-lot] 
D.J.[p*6la!t]
K.K.[p*6la!t]
adj.ݴʣ
po.lit.er,po.lit.est 
Marked by or showing consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage.
òģΪ롢Բرܵ淶ΪĻֳЩص
Refined; elegant:
нģŵģ
polite society.

?
Middle English polit [polished] 
йӢ polit [ŵģн] 
from Latin polos [past participle of] polore [to polish] * see  polish 
Դ  polos  [] poloreĹȥִ [ȥȱ㣬ʹ] *μ polish
?
politely
adv.ʣ
politeness
n.ʣ
?
polite,mannerly,civil,courteous,genteel
All these adjectives mean mindful of, conforming to, or marked by good manners.
Щݴʶָע⡢ػþֹġ
 Polite   andmannerly  imply consideration for others and the adherence to conventional social standards expected of a well-bred person:  
 Polite  mannerly Ź˺нĴͳ׼  
The English are busy; they don't have time to be polite (Montesquieu). 
 Ӣ˺æϾȥ˼ò ϵ˹榣 
It costs nothing to be polite (Winston S. Churchill). 
ֹǲѱǮġ ˹١S񼪶 
The child was scolded by his grandmother for not being more mannerly. 
СΪȱòĸ֡ 
 Civil   suggests only the barest observance of accepted social usages;it often means merely neither polite nor rude: 
 Civil  ʾֻر˽ܵϰߣʾֻǼȲòҲ³ 
Always be civil to the girls, you never know who they may marry is an aphorism which has saved many an English spinster from being treated like an Indian widow (Nancy 
Mitford).
ԶҪŮӱ޷֪ǽ˭ʹӢϴŮӡڰѸĶԴ ϣظ£
 Courteous  implies courtliness and dignity: 
 Courteous  ָ͢ʽĵź͸߹ 
If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world (Francis Bacon).
һ˶İţһ繫 ˹
 Genteel,  which originally meant well-bred and refined,now usually suggests excessive and affected refinement: 
 Genteel  ԭָнĺŵģͨʾֻţ 
A man, indeed, is not genteel when he gets drunk; but most vices may be committed very genteelly (James Boswell).
һˣʱʵڲܸţȴǱطµġ ղķ˹˹

= =
political
po.lit.i.cal
AHD:[p-l1t1-kl] 
D.J.[p*6l!t!k*l]
K.K.[p*6l!t!k*l]
adj.Abbr. pol.,polit.ݴʣд pol.,polit.
Of, relating to, or dealing with the structure or affairs of government, politics, or the state.
ҵģεģģڡڻйλҵĽṹ
Relating to, involving, or characteristic of politics, parties, or politicians:
Եģڡ漰ΡμҵģЩģ
Calling a meeting is a political act in itself(Daniel Goleman)
ٿ鱾һΪ()
Having or marked by a definite or organized policy or structure with regard to government:
βԵģйصһȷĻ֯߻ṹģЩģ
the union's political machine; political pressure.
ҵ֯ѹ
Relating to or involving acts regarded as damaging to a government or state:
Թкģڻ漰ΪΣҵΪģ
political crimes.
η
?
politicalization
AHD:[-1z3shn] ʣ
politicalize
AHD:[-k-loz] ʣ
politically
adv.ʣ

= =
politician
pol.i.ti.cian
AHD:[p?l1-t1shn] 
D.J.[7pKl!6t!.*n]
K.K.[7p$l!6t!.*n]
n.ʣ
One who is actively involved in politics, especially party politics.
μңεˣر
One who holds or seeks a political office.
ߣռлѰְλ
One who seeks personal or partisan gain, often by scheming and maneuvering:
ͣı˻ˣͨıͼ
Mothers may still want their favorite sons to grow up to be President, but . . . they do not want them to become politicians in the process(John F. Kennedy)
ĸҲȻϣǳ谮ĶӳΪͳǲڳΪͳһе͡(ԼF.)
One who is skilled or experienced in the science or administration of government.
μңĿѧĻо

= =
politics
pol.i.tics
AHD:[p?l1-t1ks] 
D.J.[6pKl!t!ks]
K.K.[6p$l!t!ks]
n.Abbr. pol.,polit.ʣд pol.,polit.
(used with a sing. verb)
뵥ã
The art or science of government or governing, especially the governing of a political entity, such as a nation, and the administration and control of its internal and external affairs.
βԣͳεѧرָʵͳԼڲⲿĹͿƣһ
Political science.
οѧ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)
뵥ã
The activities or affairs engaged in by a government, politician, or political party:
λμһµĻ
All politics is local(Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.)Politics have appealed to me since I was at Oxford because they are exciting morning, noon, and night(Jeffrey Archer)
еζǵطԵġ(С˹P.)ԴҴţξңΪÿ糿϶˷ܵġ(ܸж)
The methods or tactics involved in managing a state or government:
βԣһһ漰ķԣ
The politics of the former regime were rejected by the new government leadership. If the politics of the conservative government now borders on the repressive, what can be expected 
when the economy falters?
ǰȨιΪ쵼صھͽӽѹԣǵòȶʱָܶʲô
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Political life:
뵥ãģ
studied law with a view to going into politics; felt that politics was a worthwhile career.
Ϊгһղ̳ѧϰɣоһֵôµҵ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Intrigue or maneuvering within a political unit or a group in order to gain control or power:
뵥ãıֶΣελڲΪȡͳελȨеıݣ
Partisan politics is often an obstruction to good government. Office politics are often debilitating and counterproductive.
ıķϵǴʺ·Ч
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Political attitudes and positions:
뵥ã̬ȣ
His politics on that issue is his own business. Your politics are clearly more liberal than mine.
һϵ̬Լ顣ι۵ȻҪҵĸΪ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)The often internally conflicting interrelationships among people in a society.
뵥ãĳͻϵе֮ľڲͻ໥ϵ
?
Politics,  although etymologically plural, takes a singular verb when used to refer to the art or science of governing or to political science: 
Politics ȻӴԴǶǸʵģ ָͳεѧָѧʱȴҪһʽĶʣ 
Politics has been a concern of philosophers since Plato. 
ӰͼξѧǸȤ⡣ 
But in its other sensespolitics  can take either a singular or plural verb. Many other nouns that end in-ics  behave similarly, and the user is advised to consult specific entries for 
precise information.
˼ʱpolitics ȿɽӵʽĶҲɽӸʽĶʡ -ics β÷Ҳˣ ʹǲľĴԻȡ׼ȷϢ

= =
poll
poll
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[p*&l]
K.K.[pol]
n.ʣ
The casting and registering of votes in an election.
ͶƱѡͶƱǼѡƱ
The number of votes cast or recorded.
ͶƱͶƱ򱻼¼ѡƱ
Often polls The place where votes are cast and registered. Used withthe.  
  polls ͶƱվͶѡƱ͵ǼѡƱĵطthe  
A survey of the public or of a sample of public opinion to acquire information.
飺ΪȡϢԹڵĵԹһγ
The head, especially the top of the head where hair grows.
ͷͷָͷϳͷĲλ
The blunt or broad end of a tool such as a hammer or an ax.
߽϶ۻϿһˣ紸ӻͷ
v.ʣ
polled,poll.ing,polls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To receive (a given number of votes).
õһĿģѡƱ
To receive or record the votes of:
õ¼ͶƱ
polling a jury.
ͶƱѡ
To cast (a vote or ballot).
ͶƱѡƱ
To question in a survey; canvass.
ڵѯʣ
To cut off or trim (hair, horns, or wool, for example); clip.
޼ͷǻë޼
To trim or cut off the hair, wool, branches, or horns of:
ͷë֦ڻǣ
polled the sheep; polled the trees.
ë޼ľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To vote at the polls in an election.
ѡͶƱ
?
Middle English pol [head] 
йӢ pol [ͷ] 
from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch 
 йź 
?
poller
n.ʣ

= =
pollute
pol.lute
AHD:[p-l?t] 
D.J.[p*6lu8t]
K.K.[p*6lut]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pol.lut.ed,pol.lut.ing,pol.lutes 
To make unfit for or harmful to living things, especially by the addition of waste matter.See Synonyms at contaminate 
ȾʹԻﲻ˻кģָͨӲμ contaminate
To make less suitable for an activity, especially by the introduction of unwanted factors:
ۣʹ̫ĳһָͨҪأ
The stadium lights polluted the sky around the observatory.
ݵĵƹʹ̨Χղôڹ۲
To render impure or morally harmful; corrupt.
ܣࣺʹòкģܻ
To make ceremonially impure; profane:
£ʹʽϲࣻ£
Churches and altars were polluted by atrocious murders(Edward Gibbon)
úʥ̳ײеıɱˡ(»)
?
Middle English polluten 
йӢ polluten 
from Latin polluere  poll?t- 
Դ  polluere  poll?t- 
?
polluter
n.ʣ

= =
pollution
pol.lu.tion
AHD:[p-l?shn] 
D.J.[p*6lu8.*n]
K.K.[p*6lu.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of polluting or the state of being polluted, especially the contamination of soil, water, or the atmosphere by the discharge of harmful substances.
ȾȾΪ̻Ⱦ״ָ̬ΪŷкʶɵĶˮȾ
Something that pollutes; a pollutant or a group of pollutants:
ȾȾȾĶһֻһȾʣ
Pollution in the air reduced the visibility near the airport.
еȾ˻ܼ

= =
pond
pond
AHD:[p?nd] 
D.J.[pKnd]
K.K.[p$nd]
n.ʣ
A still body of water smaller than a lake, often of artificial origin.
ȺСľֹˮ壬˹ھɵ
?
Middle English ponde 
йӢ ponde 
from Old English pund- [enclosure] 
Դ Ӣ pund- [Χ] 

= =
ponder
pon.der
AHD:[p?ndr] 
D.J.[6pKnd*]
K.K.[6p$nd+]
v.ʣ
pon.dered,pon.der.ing,pon.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To weigh in the mind with thoroughness and care.
˼ͷгϸؼȨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reflect or consider with thoroughness and care.
ϸǣ˼ϸ˼
?
Middle English ponderen 
йӢ ponderen 
from Old French ponderer 
Դ ŷ ponderer 
from Latin ponder3e * see  (s)pen- 
Դ  ponder3e *μ (s)pen- 
?
ponderer
n.ʣ
?
ponder,meditate,deliberate,ruminate,mull,muse
These verbs mean to consider something carefully and at length. Toponder  is to weigh in the mind with painstaking thoroughness and care:  
Щʱʾϸ꾡ؿĳ顣Ponder ָɷѿĵ꾡ϸͷȨ⣺  
He and the council had already pondered the list of members returned to the parliament (John Morley). 
ίԱѾؿǹطԱ ԼĦ 
The Doctor had been pondering, and had made up his mind to a certain course (Henry Kingsley).
ҽѾ˼ڤһʱ䲢ѾҪĳַ ˹
 Meditate  implies serious consideration,as of undertaking a course of action or of implementing a plan;the term can also denote engagement in deep reflection: 
 Meditate  ָ˼ڲȡһжִһƻĿǣʻɱʾ˼ 
The King struck the blow he had for some time meditated (William E.H. Lecky). 
ʵʩѾõĴ E.H.棩 
He quitted her presence to meditate upon revenge (Frederick Marryat).Todeliberate  is to think attentively and usually slowly, as about a choice or decision to be made: 
Կθ ׵ˡأDeliberate ָעͨǻ˼ ڽҪһѡ˼ 
The jury deliberated for two days before returning a verdict.
ϸǵ
Ruminate   andmull  imply turning a matter over and over again in the mind:  
Ruminate  mull ָһ﷭ȥ룺  
The old warrior king was . . . ruminating on his gloomy fortunes (Washington Irving). 
ʿ֮ڡ׽˺ǰ; ʢ١ŷģ 
I sat mulling over my problem without finding a solution. Tomuse  is to be absorbed in one's thoughts; the word often connotes an abstracted quality: 
һһ˼ҵ⣬Ҳ취 Muse ָԼ˼У ôʾһֳʣ 
And musing there an hour alone,/I dreamed that Greece might still be free (Byron).
Ĭһͷ/μϣҲȻɡ ף

= =
pool
pool 1
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[pu8l]
K.K.[pul]
n.ʣ
A small body of still water.
ֹСˮ
An accumulation of standing liquid; a puddle:
һ̲һأһ̲Һ壻һˮ
a pool of blood.
һ̲Ѫ
A deep or still place in a stream.
ˮľ̶ֹ
A swimming pool.
Ӿ
An underground accumulation of petroleum or gas in porous sedimentary rock.
Ͳ㣬˹㣺λڶ׵ĳеĵʯͲ˹
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pooled,pool.ing,pools 
To form pools or a pool:
ʹγɳˮݣ
The receding tide pooled in hollows along the shore.
ˮȥµСˮ
To accumulate in a body part:
ٻĳһٻ
preventing blood from pooling in the limbs.
ֹѪҺ֫ٻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English p?l 
Դ Ӣ p?l 
?
pool
pool 2
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[pu8l]
K.K.[pul]
n.ʣ
Games 
Ϸ 
A game of chance, resembling a lottery, in which the contestants put staked money into a common fund that is later paid to the winner.
ĲϷһƱƵĶĲϷ淨ÿһĿĶעγɹӮ߽ȫǮ
A fund containing all the money bet in a game of chance or on the outcome of an event.
ȫĿڶĲϷĳµĽкȫǮĶע
A grouping of resources for the common advantage of the participants:
ԴļϣΪ߹ͬԴϣ
a pool of implements for the use of all the workers on the estate; forming a pool of our talents.
ֲ԰й˹ͬʹõĹߣǵĲܾۼ
An available supply, the use of which is shared by a group.
ʣõĴʣһȺ˹ͬʹõ
A group of journalists who cover an event and then by agreement share their reports with participating news media:
ţĳһ¼ȻٸЭŻһȺߣ
the White House press pool.
׹ļ.
A mutual fund established by a group of stockholders for speculating in or manipulating prices of securities.
ϻΪͶ֤ȯ۸һȺ֤ȯ˽Ĺͬ
The persons or parties participating in such a fund.
ϻԱĻ֯˻
An agreement between competing business concerns to establish controls over production, market, and prices for common profit.
¢Ӫྺҵ֮ɵЭ飬漰ͬгӪƷ۸
Any of several games played on a six-pocket billiard table usually with 15 object balls and a cue ball.Also called  In this sense, also called pocket billiards 
̨Ϸһ̨ϷͨʮĿһҲ  ڴҲɳ pocket billiards
v.ʣ
pooled,pool.ing,pools 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into a fund for use by all:
ͬеΪͬʹöͶ
Let's pool our resources to finish the project quickly.
ǼǵԴԾĿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To join or form a pool.
ϻﾭӪӪ
?
French poule [hen, stakes, booty] 
 poule [ĸעսƷ] 
from Old French [hen, young chicken] 
Դ ŷ [ĸС] 
from Latin pullus [young of an animal] * see  pau- 
Դ  pullus [С] *μ pau- 
?
pooler
n.ʣ

= =
poor
poor
AHD:[p?r] 
D.J.[p&*]
K.K.[p&r]
adj.ݴʣ
poor.er,poor.est 
Having little or no wealth and few or no possessions.
ƶģģûлȫûвƲ
Lacking in a specified resource or quality:
ƶģĳضԴȱģ
an area poor in timber and coal; a diet poor in calcium.
ȱľĺú̿ĵȱƵʳ
Not adequate in quality; inferior:
׾ӵģģϲģ͵ȵģ
a poor performance.
׾ӵı
Lacking in value; insufficient:
ģѷģֵȱģģ
poor wages.
΢Ĺ
Lacking in quantity:
ģ
poor attendance.
޼
Lacking fertility:
ƶģ
poor soil.
ƶ
Undernourished; lean.
Ӫģݵ
Humble:
ǫģ
a poor spirit.
ǫ
Eliciting or deserving pity; pitiable:
ģֵģɱģ
couldn't rescue the poor fellow.
޷ǸС
n.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
People with little or no wealth and possessions considered as a group:
ǣûлȫûвƸƲһȺˣ
The urban poor are in need of homes.
Ҫס
?
Middle English poure 
йӢ poure 
from Old French povre 
Դ ŷ povre 
from Latin pauper * see  pau- 
Դ  pauper *μ pau- 
?
poorness
n.ʣ
?
poor,indigent,needy,impecunious,penniless,impoverished,poverty-stricken,destitute
These adjectives mean lacking the money or the means requisite to an adequate or comfortable life.
ЩݴʶΪȱʵǮֶΡ
 Poor  is the most general: 
 Poor  õģ 
Resolve not to be poor: whatever you have, spend less. Poverty is a great enemy to human happiness (Samuel Johnson).
ĲˣжǮҪٻЩǮƶҸĴС ѶԼѷ
 Indigent   andneedy refer to one in need or want:  
 Indigent  needy ָһҪҪǮˣ  
The town government is responsible for assistance to indigent people.
ṩ
Local politicians used to distribute Thanksgiving turkeys to needy families.
طǹȥ˼ҷ͸жڻ𼦡
Impecunious   andpenniless  mean having little or no money:  
Impecunious  penniless ΪкٻûǮģ  
Certainly an impecunious Subaltern was not a catch (Rudyard Kipling). 
һĲ½ξȻֵȥ ³ǵ¡֣ 
If the breadwinner deserts the family, it will be left penniless. One who isimpoverished  has been reduced to poverty:  
֧ͥҳߣôͥһĲ Impoverished һƶأ  
The dictator, whose greed and excesses had produced an impoverished citizenry, fled the country.
Ĺң̰бѾʹҵƶ
Poverty-stricken  means suffering from poverty and miserably poor: 
Poverty-stricken  ˼ƶĥĻҵƶģ 
The poverty-stricken exiles contributed far more, in proportion . . . than the wealthy merchants (John Lothrop Motley).
ƶĹҪȸԣĹ״öࡱ Լ˹աĪ
 Destitute  means lacking any means of subsistence: 
 Destitute  ˼ûκάƵֶεģ 
Some nations have no middle class;
Щûв׼
one group is rich, while the other is destitute. 
һȺ帻ԣһȺʮƶ 
?
In informal speechpoor  is sometimes used as an adverb, as inThey never played poorer.  In formal usagemore poorly  would be required in this example. 
һЩʽ,poor ʱʣ They never played poorer  ʽ÷Ӧڴʹmore poorly  

= =
pop
pop 1
AHD:[p?p] 
D.J.[pKp]
K.K.[p$p]
v.ʣ
popped,pop.ping,pops 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a short, sharp, explosive sound.
һ̴١ı
To burst open with a short, sharp, explosive sound.
һ̴١ıըը
To move quickly or unexpectedly; appear abruptly:
ͻȻ֣䲻ƶѸٻϵƶͻȻ֣
At last the cottage popped into view.
ڴ
To open wide suddenly:
ͻȻŴ
The child's eyes popped with astonishment.
Ӿ۾
Baseball To hit a short high fly ball, especially one that can be caught by an infielder:
 ̸̳߷ɵ򣺻һ̸̳߷ɵָڳԱԽס
popped out to shortstop.
μֵĸ߷
To shoot a firearm, such as a pistol.
ǹǹ翪ǹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to make a sharp bursting sound.
ʹһʹı
To cause to explode with a sharp bursting sound:
ѣʹıը
popped the balloon.
ʹ
To put or thrust suddenly or unexpectedly:
ͻȻ룬ͻȻײͻȻϵطŻ룺
popping a crisp plump shrimp into her mouth(Kathleen Winsor)
һֻϺͻȻŽ(˹֡)
To discharge (a firearm).
䣨
To fire at; shoot.
ǹ
To hit or strike:

popped me on the head.
ͷϴһ
Baseball To hit (a ball) high in the air but not far.
 Сڿڿлҽģһ
Slang 
ٵ 
To take (drugs), especially orally:
ҩָڷ
To calm a case of the jitters . . . the bride popped Valium(People)
Ϊʹֻŵƽ̷˼()
To have (a drink):
ȣϣ
popped a few beers after work.
˼ƿơ
n.ʣ
A sudden sharp, explosive sound.
һͻȻıը
A shot with a firearm.
һη
Chiefly Midwestern U.S. See  soft drink See Regional Note at tonic 
 μ  soft drinkμ tonic
Baseball A pop fly.
 Сڿ
adv.ʣ
With a popping sound.
һأб
Abruptly or unexpectedly.
ͻȻأأͻȻػϵ
Slang Apiece; each:
ٵ ÿŵأÿأ
Tickets to the benefit were $50 a pop.
ݵ볡ȯÿʮԪ
?
pop off ʽ
To leave abruptly or hurriedly.
ͻȻ뿪ͻȻæ뿪
To die suddenly.
УͻȻ
To speak thoughtlessly in a burst of released anger.
˵һŭͻȻвǵѿ˵
?
pop the questionʽ
To propose marriage.

?
Middle English poppen 
йӢ poppen 
from pop [a blow, stroke] 
Դ pop [һ] 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
pop
pop 2
AHD:[p?p] 
D.J.[pKp]
K.K.[p$p]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
Father.

?
Short for papa 
 papaļд
?
pop
pop 3
AHD:[p?p] ʽ 
D.J.[pKp]
K.K.[p$p]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or for the general public; popular or popularized:
еģͨ׵ģڵġйصģеĻڻģ
pop culture; pop psychology.
ͨĻͨѧ
Of, relating to, or specializing in popular music:
ֵģֵйصģרֵģ
a pop singer.
ָ
Of or suggestive of pop art:
ͨģͨģͨģ
a pop style.
ͨ
n.ʣ
Popular music.

Pop art.
ͨ
?
POP
POP
abbr.
Proof of purchase.
֤

= =
pope
pope
AHD:[p?p] 
D.J.[p*&p]
K.K.[pop]
n.ʣ
Often Pope Roman Catholic Church The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.
  Pope ̡ ̻ʣ̣̼̽õ쵼
Eastern Orthodox Church The patriarch of Alexandria.
̡ ɽܽ
The Coptic patriarch of Alexandria.
ɽܽ
The male head of some non-Christian religions:
һЩǻڽ̵䣺
the Taoist pope.
̳̽
A person considered to have unquestioned authority:
ʦΪвɵȨˣ
the pope of surrealism.
ʵʦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English p3a 
Դ Ӣ p3a 
from Late Latin 
Դ  
from Latin [father (title of bishops)] 
Դ  [̵̣ͷΣ] 
from Greek pappas * see  papa 
Դ ϣ pappas *μ papa 
?
Pope
PopeAlexander (1688-1744)
NONE޴ԣ
English writer best remembered for his satirical mock-epic poemsThe Rape of the Lock  (1712) and The Dunciad  (1728). 
Ѱأɽ(1688-1744) ӢңƷǷԷӢʷʫᷢǡ 1712꣩ Ⱥʷʫ 1728꣩ 
?
Pope
PopeJohn (1822-1892)
NONE޴ԣ
American Union general in the Civil War who was defeated by Gen. Robert E. Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run (1862).
գԼ(1822-1892) սʱٽڵڶνڶϪս(1862꣩޲ءE

= =
popular
pop.u.lar
AHD:[p?py-lr] 
D.J.[6pKpj*l*]
K.K.[6p$pj*l+]
adj.Abbr. pop.ݴʣд pop.
Widely liked or appreciated:
ΪϲĻ͵ģ
a popular resort.
ܻӭʤ
Liked by acquaintances; sought after for company:
Ϊϲģܻӭģ
Beware of over-great pleasure in being popular or even beloved(Margaret Fuller)
֪Ϊϲ򰮴֡(ء)
Of, representing, or carried on by the people at large:
ڵģڵġڵĻڴеģ
the popular vote.
ڱ
Fit for, adapted to, or reflecting the taste of the people at large:
ڻģͨ׵ģʺϴڿζġӭϴڿζģӳڿζģ
popular entertainment; popular science.
ڻ֣ͨ׿ѧ
Accepted by or prevalent among the people in general:
ձģռģڽܵģڴеģ
a popular misunderstanding of the issue.
ձ
Suited to or within the means of ordinary people:
ƽģһ˵ģͨ˵Ļͨܰ쵽ģ
popular prices.
һ۸
Originating among the people:
еģ
popular legend.
䴫˵
?
Middle English populer 
йӢ populer 
from Old French populaire 
Դ ŷ populaire 
from Latin popul3s [of the people] 
Դ  popul3s [] 
from populus [the people] 
Դ populus [] 
[of Etruscan origin] 
[Դ³] 
?
popularly
adv.ʣ

= =
population
pop.u.la.tion
AHD:[p?py-l3shn] 
D.J.[7pKpj*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7p$pj*6le.*n]
n.Abbr. pop.,p.ʣд pop.,p.
All of the people inhabiting a specified area.
ȫԱסĳһе
The total number of such people.
˿˵
The total number of inhabitants constituting a particular race, class, or group in a specified area.
˿ڷֲĳ֡ȺȺľסߵ
The act or process of furnishing with inhabitants.
񣬶ӣʹ˾סж
Ecology All the organisms that constitute a specific group or occur in a specified habitat.
̬ѧ ȺȺĳһȺĳһܾӵص
Statistics The set of individuals, items, or data from which a statistical sample is taken.Also called  In this sense, also called universe 
ͳѧ 壬ĸ壺гͳƷһ塢ƷҲ  ڴҲɳ universe

= =
porch
porch
AHD:[p?rch, p?rch] 
D.J.[p%8t., p*&rt.]
K.K.[p%rt., port.]
n.ʣ
A covered platform, usually having a separate roof, at an entrance to a building.
ȣڴжƽ̨ͨеݶ
An open or enclosed gallery or room attached to the outside of a building; a verandah.
ȣ̨ڽ֮¶ʽĻʽȻ򷿼䣻̨
Obsolete A portico or covered walk.
 ȻжĹ
?
Middle English porche 
йӢ porche 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin porticus [portico] 
Դ  porticus [] 
from porta [gate] * see  per- 2
Դ porta [] *μ per- 2

= =
pore
pore 1
AHD:[p?r, p?r] 
D.J.[p%8, p*&r]
K.K.[p%r, por]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pored,por.ing,pores 
To read or study carefully and attentively:
УϸרĵĶо
pored over the classified ads in search of a new job.
ϸĶѰµĹ
To gaze intently; stare.
ӣע
To meditate deeply; ponder:
˼Ĭ룻ϸ˼
pored on the matter.
˼һ
?
Middle English pouren 
йӢ pouren 
?
pore
pore 2
AHD:[p?r, p?r] 
D.J.[p%8, p*&r]
K.K.[p%r, por]
n.ʣ
A minute opening in tissue, as in the skin of an animal, serving as an outlet for perspiration, or in a plant leaf or stem, serving as a means of absorption and transpiration.
ëף֯е΢Сڣ綯ƤУҪΪףֲҶӻߣҪΪռõ;
A space in rock, soil, or unconsolidated sediment that is not occupied by mineral matter and that allows the passage or absorption of fluids:
ϸף΢׿϶ʯɵĳвʵĲ֣ҺԴͨգ
Water seeped into the pores of the rock.
ˮѸٱʯĿ϶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin porus [passage] 
Դ  porus [ͨ] 
from Greek poros * see  per- 2
Դ ϣ poros *μ per- 2

= =
pork
pork
AHD:[p?rk, p?rk] 
D.J.[p%8k, p*&rk]
K.K.[p%rk, pork]
n.ʣ
The flesh of a pig or hog used as food.
⣺ʳƷ
Slang Government funds, appointments, or benefits dispensed or enacted by politicians to gain favor with their constituents.
ٵ ζݣѡǵְλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French porc [pig] 
Դ ŷ porc [] 
from Latin porcus * see  porko- 
Դ  porcus *μ porko- 

= =
porridge
por.ridge
AHD:[p?r1j, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8r!d9, 6pKr-]
K.K.[6p%r!d9, 6p$r-]
n.ʣ
A soft food made by boiling oatmeal or another meal in water or milk.
ࣺһˮţʳ
?
Alteration of pottage  influenced by obsolete porray [vegetable soup]  from Middle English porreie  from Old French poree [leek soup]  from por [leek]  from Latin porrum 
 pottageı仯   porrayӰ []  Դ йӢ porreie  Դ ŷ poree [´]  Դ por [´]  Դ  porrum 
?
porridgy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
port
port 1
AHD:[p?rt, p?rt] 
D.J.[p%8t, p*&rt]
K.K.[p%rt, port]
n.Abbr. pt.ʣд pt.
A place on a waterway with facilities for loading and unloading ships.
ۿڣˮϾпɹֻװжʩĵط
A city or town on a waterway with such facilities.
У豸һˮߵĳл
The waterfront district of a city.
еıˮ
A place along a coast that gives ships and boats protection from storms and rough water; a harbor.
ֻܷۣܹܷ籩˵ĺܷ
A port of entry.
ıظۣ뾳
Computer Science 
ѧ 
An entrance to or exit for a data network.
ڣĽڻ
A connection point for a peripheral device.
˿ڣⲿ豸ӵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin portus * see  per- 2
Դ  portus *μ per- 2
?
port
port 2
AHD:[p?rt, p?rt]  
D.J.[p%8t, p*&rt]
K.K.[p%rt, port]
n.ʣ
The left-hand side of a ship or aircraft facing forward.Also called  larboard 
ɻҲ  larboard
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or on the port.
ϵģϵģйصģϵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
port.ed,port.ing,ports 
To turn (a craft) or make a shift to the port side:
ת棩תƣ
port the helm; ported sharply to avoid a shoal.
ת棻תԶһȺ
?
Probably from port side 
Դ port side 
from port 1
Դ port1
?
port
port 3
AHD:[p?rt, p?rt] 
D.J.[p%8t, p*&rt]
K.K.[p%rt, port]
n.ʣ
Nautical 
 
A porthole.
ϴ
Archaic A cover for a porthole.
 ϴ
An opening, as in a cylinder or valve face, for the passage of steam or fluid.
ţţҺͨĳ
A hole in an armored vehicle or a fortified structure for viewing or for firing weapons.
ףװ׳ϻڳڹ۲ǹڵĿ
Scots A gateway or portal, as to a town.
ո Żţͨһ
?
Middle English [gate, porthole] 
йӢ [ţϴ] 
from Old French porte [gate] 
Դ ŷ porte [] 
from Latin porta * see  per- 2
Դ  porta *μ per- 2
?
port
port 4Ҳ Port
AHD:[p?rt, p?rt] 
D.J.[p%8t, p*&rt]
K.K.[p%rt, port]
n.ʣ
A rich sweet fortified wine.
ͼѾƣһֿζʢŨĸ߶Ѿ
?
After  Oporto 
Դ  Oporto
?
port
port 5
AHD:[p?rt, p?rt] 
D.J.[p%8t, p*&rt]
K.K.[p%rt, port]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
port.ed,port.ing,ports 
To carry (a weapon) diagonally across the body, with the muzzle or blade near the left shoulder.
бǹ֧ʹǹ֧бؿڣʹǹڻǹſ
n.ʣ
The position of a rifle or other weapon when ported.
ǹбǹʱǹֻλ
The manner in which one carries oneself; bearing.
ֹΪһеľֹΪ
?
French porter [to carry] 
 porter [֣] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin port3e * see  per- 2
Դ  port3e *μ per- 2
N., Middle English porte 
ʣ йӢ porte 
from Old French port 
Դ ŷ port 
from porter [to carry] 
Դ porter [֣] 

= =
portable
port.a.ble
AHD:[p?rt-bl, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8t*b*l, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rt*b*l, 6por-]
adj.ݴʣ
Carried or moved with ease:
Яƶģ
a portable typewriter; a portable generator.
ʽֻЯʽ
Obsolete Bearable; endurable.
 õģõ
n.ʣ
Something, such as a light or small typewriter, that can be carried or moved with ease.
ЯЯĶƻСֻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin port3s 
Դ  port3s 
from Latin port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
Դ  port3e [Я] *μ per- 2
?
portability  
portableness
n.ʣ
portably
adv.ʣ

= =
porter
porter 1
AHD:[p?rtr, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8t*, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rt+, 6por-]
n.ʣ
A person employed to carry burdens, especially an attendant who carries travelers' baggage at a hotel or transportation station.
˹ԱܹͰˣָÿù̴ӻվԱ
A railroad employee who waits on passengers in a sleeping car or parlor car.
еߣԱϵ̳صȺͳзÿ͵ĹԱ
A maintenance worker for a building or an institution.
ά޹ά޽Ĺ
?
Middle English portour 
йӢ portour 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin port3r 
Դ  port3r 
from Latin port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
Դ  port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
porter
porter 2
AHD:[p?rtr, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8t*, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rt+, 6por-]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
One in charge of a gate or door.
߻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin port3s 
Դ  port3s 
from Latin porta [gate] * see  per- 2
Դ  porta [] *μ per- 2
?
porter
porter 3
AHD:[p?rtr, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8t*, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rt+, 6por-]
n.ʣ
A dark beer resembling light stout, made from malt browned or charred by drying at a high temperature.
ơƣһڵɫơƵĺơƣþºɶɫ̿ɫѿͶ
?
Short for porter's ale 
 porter's aleļд 
?
Porter
Por.ter
AHD:[p?rtr, p?r-] Cole Albert (1891?-1964) 
D.J.[6p%8t*, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rt+, 6por-]
NONE޴ԣ
American composer and lyricist remembered for his witty and sophisticated Broadway scores.
أأ(1891?-1964) ҼʫˣƤֳİϻ־
?
Porter
PorterDavid (1780-1843)
NONE޴ԣ
American naval officer who was court-martialed for unauthorized military activities in Puerto Rico. He later commanded the Mexican navy (1826-1829). His sonDavid Dixon Porter  (1813
-1891) was a Union naval officer during the Civil War. 
أά(1780-1843) ٣ڲԲȡжܵ·ͥСΪī纣˾(1826-1829꣩ĶӴϿɭ (1813-
1891꣩սڼ 
?
Porter
PorterSir George (Born 1920)
NONE޴ԣ
British chemist. He shared a 1967 Nobel Prize for research on high-speed chemical reactions.
أΣ( 1920) ӢѧҡԸٻѧӦо1967ŵ
?
Porter
PorterKatherine Anne (1890-1980)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer known for her carefully crafted short stories as well as her novelShip of Fools  (1962). 
أɪաݣ(1890-1980) ҡ乹˼ɵĶƪС˵Լ䳤ƪС˵˴ 1962꣩ 
?
Porter
PorterRodney Robert (Born 1917)
NONE޴ԣ
British biochemist. He shared a 1972 Nobel Prize for research on the chemical structure and nature of antibodies.
أ޵ᡤ޲أ( 1917) ӢѧҡԿĻѧṹʵо1972ŵ
?
Porter
PorterWilliam Sydney  Pen name O. Henry.(1862-1910)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer whose short stories are collected in a number of volumes, includingCabbages and Kings  (1904) and The Four Million  (1906). 
أϤ᣺(1862-1910) ҡмƪС˵ռɲᣬĲǡ 1904꣩ İ 1906꣩ 

= =
portion
por.tion
AHD:[p?rshn, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8.*n, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%r.*n, 6por-]
n.ʣ
A section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole.
֣ϴеһֻһһ
A part separated from a whole.
һݣϷһ
A part that is allotted to a person or group, as:
ֵһݣָ˻Ⱥһ֣磺
A helping of food.
һʳ
The part of an estate received by an heir.
̳÷һ
A woman's dowry.
Ů˵ļױ
A person's lot or fate.See Synonyms at fate 
˵˲μ fate
v.tr.ﶯʣ
por.tioned,por.tion.ing,por.tions 
To divide into parts or shares for distribution; parcel.
֣䣺ѡΪݻݶַ
To provide with a share, an inheritance, or a dowry.
貿Ųױ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin porti?}  porti?n- * see  per- 2
Դ  porti?}  porti?n- *μ per- 2
?
portionable
adj.ݴʣ
portioner
n.ʣ
portionless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
portrait
por.trait
AHD:[p?rtr1t, -tr3t, p?r-] 
D.J.[6p%8tr!t, -7tre!t, 6p*&r-]
K.K.[6p%rtr!t, -7tret, 6por-]
n.ʣ
Abbr. por.A likeness of a person, especially one showing the face, that is created by a painter or photographer, for example.
д por.ФФ񻭣ɻһӰʦĸ˵ĻƬ
A verbal picture or description, especially of a person.
дͼƬд棬ָһ
?
French 
 
from Old French [image] [from past participle of] portraire [to portray] * see  portray 
Դ ŷ []  [] ԴportraireĹȥִ [Ф] *μ portray

= =
portray
por.tray
AHD:[p?r-tr3, p?r-] 
D.J.[p%86tre!, p*&r-]
K.K.[p%r6tre, por-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
por.trayed,por.tray.ing,por.trays 
To depict or represent pictorially; make a picture of.
棬軭ͼ֣
To depict or describe in words.

To represent dramatically, as on the stage.See Synonyms at represent 
ݣϷԵر̨֣ϲμ represent
?
Middle English portraien 
йӢ portraien 
from Old French portraire 
Դ ŷ portraire 
por- [forth]  from Latin pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
por- [ǰ]  Դ  pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
traire [to draw]  from Latin trahere [to drag] 
traire []  Դ  trahere [] 
?
portrayable
adj.ݴʣ
portrayer
n.ʣ

= =
pose
pose 1
AHD:[p?z] 
D.J.[p*&z]
K.K.[poz]
v.ʣ
posed,pos.ing,pos.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To assume or hold a particular position or posture, as in sitting for a portrait.
ƣڳضλûƣΪФ
To affect a particular mental attitude.
װǻƣڳΪر̬
To represent oneself falsely; pretend to be other than what one is.
װģٵرԼװһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place (a model, for example) in a specific position.
ʹģأںض
To set forth in words; propound:

pose a question.

To put forward; present:

pose a threat.See Synonyms at propose 
вμ propose
n.ʣ
A bodily attitude or position, especially one assumed for an artist or a photographer.See Synonyms at posture 
ƣֵӻƣָΪһӰʦڳ߲μ posture
A studied attitude assumed for effect.See Synonyms at affectation 
̬֮װǻƣΪЧװ̬Ȼ̬μ affectation
?
Middle English posen [to place] 
йӢ posen [] 
from Old French poser 
Դ ŷ poser 
from Vulgar Latin *paus3e 
Դ  *paus3e 
from Late Latin paus3e [to rest] 
Դ  paus3e [Ϣ] 
from Latin pausa [pause] * see  pause 
Դ  pausa [ֹͣ] *μ pause
?
posable
adj.ݴʣ
?
pose
pose 2
AHD:[p?z] 
D.J.[p*&z]
K.K.[poz]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
posed,pos.ing,pos.es 
To puzzle, confuse, or baffle.
ʹԻʹһʹɻ
?
Short for appose [to examine closely]  from Middle English apposen  alteration of opposen * see  oppose 
 apposeļд [ϸ]  Դ йӢ apposen   opposenı仯 *μ oppose
and from French poser [to assume (obsolete)]  from Old French * see  pose 1
Դ  poser [еΣ]  Դ ŷ *μ pose1

= =
position
po.si.tion
AHD:[p-z1shn] 
D.J.[p*6z!.*n]
K.K.[p*6z!.*n]
n.Abbr. pos.ʣд pos.
A place or location.
ص㣺λûλ
The right or appropriate place:
ʵλãȷʵĵط
The bands were in position for the start of the parade.
ֶѾеĿʼλ
An area occupied by members of a force for a strategic purpose:
սλãΪսĿĶʿռݵĵ
The troops took up positions along the main road.
Ҫ߲
The way in which something is placed:
÷ʽĳķʽ
the position of the hands on the clock.
ʱָڷŵλ
The arrangement of body parts; posture:
ƣλλðţƣ
a standing position.
վ
An advantageous place or location:
λãλûص㣺
jockeys maneuvering for position.
ʹֶζȡ
A situation as it relates to the surrounding circumstances:
ΧйصĴ
in a position to bargain.
ּۻ
A point of view or attitude on a certain question:
̬ȣĳһĹ۵̬ȣ
the senator's position on arms control.
ԱƵ̬
Social standing or status; rank.
λλݣ
A post of employment; a job.
ְλӶְλ
Sports The area for which a particular player is responsible.
˶ رλãĳһضԱĵ
Games The arrangement of the pieces at any particular time in a game such as chess, checkers, or backgammon.
Ϸ ֣塢˫½ʱһضʱ̶ӵİ
The act or process of positing.
УõΪ
A principle or proposition posited.
ԭǰ᣺ٶԭ
A commitment to buy or sell a given amount of securities or commodities.
ɵĻƷ۸֤ȯƷĳŵ
The amount of securities or commodities held by a person, firm, or institution.
ʲ˾ʲˡ˾е֤ȯƷ
The ownership status of a person's or an institution's investments.
ʲȨ˻ͶʵȨλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
po.si.tioned,po.si.tion.ing,po.si.tions 
To put in place or position.
λһλû
To determine the position of; locate.
λãУȷλãڣλ
?
Middle English posicioun 
йӢ posicioun 
from Old French posicion 
Դ ŷ posicion 
from Latin positi?}  positi?n- 
Դ  positi?}  positi?n- 
from positus [past participle of] p?nere [to place] * see  apo- 
Դ positus  [] p?nereĹȥִ [] *μ apo- 
?
positional
adj.ݴʣ
positionally
adv.ʣ
positioner
n.ʣ

= =
positive
pos.i.tive
AHD:[p?z1-t1v] 
D.J.[6pKz!t!v]
K.K.[6p$z!t!v]
adj.Abbr. pos.ݴʣд pos.
Characterized by or displaying certainty, acceptance, or affirmation:
϶ģȷԡ֤ͬʵΪĻչЩԵģ
a positive answer; positive criticism.
϶Ļش𣻿϶
Measured or moving forward or in a direction of increase or progress.
ģչķƶϺֱ׼
Explicitly or openly expressed or laid down:
ȷģȷ򹫿رƶģ
a positive demand.
ȷҪ
Admitting of no doubt; irrefutable:
ɵģɵģ޷粵ģ
positive proof.
ɵ֤
Very sure; confident:
ȷģĵģʮаյģŵģ
I'm positive he's right.See Synonyms at sure 
ҼȷĲμ sure
Overconfident; dogmatic.
ϵģŵģ̵
Formally or arbitrarily determined; prescribed.
ָģʽԾģ涨
Concerned with practical rather than theoretical matters.
ʵ֤ģʵʶйص
Composed of or characterized by the presence of particular qualities or attributes; real.
򶨵ģƷʻɵĻΪصģʵ
Philosophy 
ѧ 
Of or relating to positivism.
ʵ֤ģʵ֤ѧĻйص
Of or relating to laws imposed by human authority rather than by nature or reason alone:
ȨƶķɵģȨȻʩеķɵģ֮йصģ
the glaring discrepancy between American positive law and natural rights(David Brion Davis)
ԷȨ֮Եìܡ(άжά˹)
Of or relating to religion based on revelation rather than on nature or reason alone.
ʾģĬʾģʾǵȻԵڽ̵ģйص
Informal Utter; absolute:
ʽ ȫȻģȫģԵģ
a positive darling.
װ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Relating to or designating a quantity greater than zero.
ģйصĻʾ
Relating to or designating the sign ( + ).
ŵģʾ(+)
Relating to or designating a quantity, number, angle, or direction opposite to another designated as negative.
ģڻһʾΪ෴֡ǶȻ
Physics Relating to or designating electric charge of a sign opposite to that of an electron.
ѧ ģ෴ĵɵģʾĻԵ
Medicine Indicating the presence of a particular disease, condition, or organism:
ҽѧ Եģĳּ֢лĴڵģ
a positive test for pregnancy.
гԷӦ
Biology Indicating or characterized by response or motion toward the source of a stimulus, such as light:
ѧ Դ̼ķӦȵģԴ̼ԴĻӦ˶ġΪصģڹ⣺
positive tropism.
̼˶
Having the areas of light and dark in their original and normal relationship, as in a photographic print made from a negative.
ƬģʹԭĹϵеģλڴӵƬӡƬ
Grammar Of, relating to, or being the simple uncompared degree of an adjective or adverb, as opposed to either the comparative or superlative.
﷨ ԭģݴʻ򸱴Ƚϼ߼Լ򵥵ԭεģһԭйص
Driven by or generating power directly through intermediate machine parts having little or no play:
ֱӵģֱкٻȫûתռм豸ģ
positive drive.
ֱӵ
n.ʣ
An affirmative element or characteristic.
ȷҪأ֤ʵػص
Philosophy Something perceptible to the senses.
ѧ ʵ֤оܲ
Mathematics A quantity greater than zero.
ѧ ֵ
Physics A positive electric charge.
ѧ 磺ɣ
A photographic image in which the lights and darks appear as they do in nature.
ƬϵʾȻһӰ
Grammar 
﷨ 
The uncompared degree of an adjective or adverb.
ԭݴʻ򸱴ʵķǱȽϼ
A word in this degree.
ԭʣԭݴʻ򸱴
Music A division of some pipe organs, similar in sound to the great but smaller and less powerful.
֡ ٹܣܷٵһ֣ܷٵƣС
?
Middle English [having a specified quality] 
йӢ [ĳƷʵ] 
from Old French positif 
Դ ŷ positif 
from Latin positos [formally laid down] 
Դ  positos [ʽƶ] 
from positus [past participle of] p?nere [to place] * see  apo- 
Դ positus  [] p?nereĹȥִ [] *μ apo- 
?
positively
adv.ʣ
positiveness  
positivity
n.ʣ

= =
possess
pos.sess
AHD:[p-zs] 
D.J.[p*6zes]
K.K.[p*6zWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pos.sessed,pos.sess.ing,pos.sess.es 
To have as property; own.
Уӵ
To have as a quality, characteristic, or other attribute:
Ʒʡص
possessed great tact.
зǷı
To acquire mastery of or have knowledge of:
ջ򶮵ã
possess valuable data.

To gain or exert influence or control over; dominate:
ףӰ죺ӻʩӰƣ֧䣺
Fury possessed me.
ҲȻŭ
To control or maintain (one's nature) in a particular condition:
ά֣ƣض¿ƻסӣ
I possessed my temper despite the insult.
Ȼܵһǰסŭ
To cause to own, hold, or master something, such as property or knowledge:
ʹӵУʹգʹӵСʹлʹգƲ֪ʶ
She possessed herself of the unclaimed goods.
ЩûĻռΪ
To cause to be influenced or controlled, as by an idea or emotion:
ססʹӰ졢ʹܿƣʹĳһ뷨Ӱƣ
The thought of getting rich possessed him.
ŷ
Obsolete To gain or seize.
 ûȡ
?
Middle English possessen 
йӢ possessen 
from Old French possesser 
Դ ŷ possesser 
from Latin possid?e  possess- 
Դ  possid?e  possess- 
pos- [as master] * see  poti- 
pos- [Ϊ] *μ poti- 
sed?e [to sit] * see  sed- 
sed?e [] *μ sed- 
?
possessor
n.ʣ

= =
possession
pos.ses.sion
AHD:[p-zshn] 
D.J.[p*6ze.*n]
K.K.[p*6zW.*n]
n.Abbr. poss.ʣд poss.
The act or fact of possessing.
ӵУӵеΪʵ
The state of being possessed.
ռУռе״̬
Something owned or possessed.
ӵռ
possessions Wealth or property.
 possessions ƸƲ
Law Actual holding or occupancy with or without rightful ownership.
ɡ ռУУʵʳлռ
A territory subject to foreign control.
أأƵ
Self-control.
ҿ
The state of being dominated by or as if by evil spirits or by an obsession.
ԣħ󣩱ħ˵״̬
Sports 
˶ 
Physical control of the ball or puck by a player or team.
ԱӶ
The condition of being on offense:
״̬
The home team was in possession during most of the fourth quarter.
ڵļľ󲿷ʱһֱڽ״̬
?
possessional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
possibility
pos.si.bil.i.ty
AHD:[p?s-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[7pKs*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[7p$s*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 pos.si.bil.i.ties 
The fact or state of being possible.
ܣԣܵʵ״̬
Something that is possible.
ܵ
possibilities Potentiality for favorable or interesting results:
 possibilities ǱڼֵûȤǱ
The idea has tremendous possibilities.
뷨Ǳڼֵ

= =
possible
pos.si.ble
AHD:[p?s-bl] д poss.
D.J.[6pKs*b*l]
K.K.[6p$s*b*l]
adj.Abbr. poss.ݴʣд poss.
Capable of happening, existing, or being true without contradicting proven facts, laws, or circumstances.
ܷģܴڵģ뱻֤ʵ״ìܵ·ڵĻʵ
Capable of occurring or being done without offense to character, nature, or custom.
õģеͨģܹڲΥԸʻ·ɵ
Capable of favorable development; potential:
ǱģзչģطչģǱģ
a possible site for the new capital.
пܳΪ׶ĵط
Of uncertain likelihood.
ȷģпܵģڲȷĿԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin possibilis 
Դ  possibilis 
from posse [to be able] * see  poti- 
Դ posse [ܹ] *μ poti- 
?
possibly
adv.ʣ
?
possible,workable,practicable,feasible,viable
These adjectives signify capable of occurring or of being done.
Щݴʶʾܹܹɵġ
 Possible  indicates that something may happen, exist, be true, or be realizable: 
 Possisle  ʾĳ¿ܷڡΪʵΪʵֵģ 
I beseech you . . . think it possible you may be mistaken (Oliver Cromwell). 
ҿ㡭ſˡ  
Only the initiated know and honor those [scientists] whose patient integrity and devotion to exact observation have made the last step possible  (Hans Zinsser).
ֻ߲֪ܽҳЩ ǵԵĳϿҼԾȷ۲ͶʹһΪܡ  ˹ɪ
 Workable  is used of something that can be put into effective operation: 
 Workable  ݿЧʵе 
Assuming that the scheme is workable, how will you begin to implement it? Something that ispracticable  is capable of being effected, done, or put into practice:  
ƻǿеģ㽫ʼʵ? Practicable ܹӰ졢ɻִе£  
As soon as it was practicable, he would wind up his business (George Eliot).
һУҲ⡱ Ρأ
 Feasible  refers to what can be accomplished, brought about, or carried out: 
 Feasible  ָܹɡʵʩִеģ 
Making cars by hand is possible but not economically feasible. Somethingviable  is both practicable and workable; the term often implies capacity for continuing effectiveness or 
success: 
ֹǿܵģӾýǶȽвͨġ Viable ָȿЧʵеģ ʾʾЧԻɹ 
How viable are the ancient legends as vehicles for modern literary themes? (Richard Kain).
Ŵ˵ΪִѧĹߣĿж? ¡

= =
post
post 1
AHD:[p?st] 
D.J.[p*&st]
K.K.[post]
n.ʣ
A long piece of wood or other material set upright into the ground to serve as a marker or support.
֧ˣֱڵΪǻ֧ĳľͷ
A similar vertical support or structure, as:
Ʊ˵Ĵֱ֧ṹ
A support for a beam in the framework of a building.
ˣк֧
A terminal of a battery.
صĽͷ
Sports A goal post.
˶ 
The starting point at a racetrack.
ܵϵ
An earring attached by a short bar or stud that passes through the ear and fits into a cap in the back.
̹ͨζڶñ״й̶Ķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
post.ed,post.ing,posts 
To display (an announcement) in a place of public view.
棺ڹ棩
To cover (a wall, for example) with posters.
úǽϣ
To announce by or as if by posters:
֪ͨúúһ㣺
post banns.

To put up signs on (property) warning against trespassing.
ڣеأʾԽֹԽ
To denounce publicly:
ָ
post a man as a thief.
ĳΪС͵
To publish (a name) on a list.
֣
Games To gain (points or a point) in a game or contest; score.
Ϸ Ƿ֣Ϸе÷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin postis * see  st3- 
Դ  postis *μ st3- 
?
post
post 2
AHD:[p?st] 
D.J.[p*&st]
K.K.[post]
n.ʣ
A military base.
»
The grounds and buildings of a military base.
פأ»صĳغͽ
A local organization of military veterans.
Эĵطֻ
Either of two bugle calls in the British Army, sounded in the evening as a signal to retire to quarters.
ϨƺţӢϨƺ֮һϴΪ޵ź
An assigned position or station, as of a guard or sentry.
վλڱָɵվλ
A position of employment, especially an appointed public office.
ְλָĹԱְλ
A place to which someone is assigned for duty.
λָĳ˸λ
A trading post.
óվ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
post.ed,post.ing,posts 
To assign to a specific position or station:
פضλã
post a sentry at the gate.
ڴſڱ
To appoint to a naval or military command.
ίɣ˾ٻ򽢳
To put forward; present:
ʾ
post bail.

?
French poste 
 poste 
from Italian posto 
Դ  posto 
from Old Italian 
Դ  
from Vulgar Latin *postum 
Դ  *postum 
from Latin positum [neuter past participle of] p?nere [to place] * see  apo- 
Դ  positum  [] p?nereԹȥִ [] *μ apo- 
?
post
post 3
AHD:[p?st] 
D.J.[p*&st]
K.K.[post]
n.ʣ
A delivery of mail.
ʵݣʼͶ
The mail delivered.
ʼͶݵʼ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A governmental system for transporting and delivering the mail.
ʼϵ
A post office.
ʾ
Archaic One of a series of relay stations along a fixed route, furnishing fresh riders and horses for the delivery of mail on horseback.
 վһϵع̶·תվװͶʼּƥ
Obsolete A rider on such a mail route; a courier.
 ʼ·ϵ֣Ͷ
v.ʣ
post.ed,post.ing,posts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mail (a letter or package).
ʼģʼģż
To send by mail in a system of relays on horseback.
վݣվϵͳʼ
To inform of the latest news:
֪ͨϢ
Keep us posted.
ʹǵ֪Ϣ
To transfer (an item) to a ledger in bookkeeping.
ʣĳڱת
To make the necessary entries in (a ledger).
ʣҪȫ루ʣ
Computer Science To enter (a unit of information) on a record or into a section of storage.
ѧ ½洢һλϢ¼ʹ洢
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel in stages or relays.
Уֽ׶εվ
To travel with speed or in haste.
Уٻæ
To bob up and down in the saddle in rhythm with a horse's trotting gait.
񶯣ƥٵĲµ
adv.ʣ
By mail.
ʵݵ
With great speed; rapidly.
ٵأٵ
By post horse.
ݵ
?
French poste 
 poste 
from Old French [relay station for horses] 
Դ ŷ [תվ] 
from Old Italian posta 
Դ  posta 
from Vulgar Latin *posta [station] 
Դ  *posta [վ] 
from Latin posita [feminine past participle of] p?nere [to place] * see  apo- 
Դ  posita  [] p?nereԹȥִ [] *μ apo- 
?
Post
Post
AHD:[p?st] Charles William (1854-1914) 
D.J.[p*&st]
K.K.[post]
NONE޴ԣ
American manufacturer of breakfast cereals and the coffee-substitute Postum.
˹أ˹(1854-1914) Ƭ˹ķȴƷ
?
Post
PostEmily Price (1872-1960)
NONE޴ԣ
American etiquette authority. She wroteEtiquette: The Blue Book of Social Usage  (1922) and a popular syndicated newspaper column. 
˹أ˹(1872-1960) רңСǣ;Ƥ顷 1922꣩Ϊܻӭϼӱֽ׫дר 
?
Post
PostWiley (1899-1935)
NONE޴ԣ
American aviator who made the first solo flight around the world (1933).
˹أΤף(1899-1935) ң״εƵеķԱ(1933꣩

= =
postage
post.age
AHD:[p?st1j] 
D.J.[6p*&st!d9]
K.K.[6post!d9]
n.ʣ
The charge for mailing an item.
ʣʼĵƷķ
The stamps, labels, or printing placed on an item to be mailed as evidence of payment of this charge.
ѸʴʼƷ֮ΪѸ֤֮Ʊǩӡ

= =
poster
poster 1
AHD:[p?str] 
D.J.[6p*&st*]
K.K.[6post+]
n.ʣ
A large, usually printed placard, bill, or announcement, often illustrated, that is posted to advertise or publicize something.
ͨӡˢɵĴ󲼸桢򹫸棬вͼ򹫲ĳ
An artistic work, often a reproduction of an original painting or photograph, printed on a large sheet of paper.
ӡһֽϵƷͨԭƬĸƷ
One that posts bills or notices.
ߣ֪ͨ
?
poster
poster 2
AHD:[p?str] 
D.J.[6p*&st*]
K.K.[6post+]
n.Archaic ʣ 
One that travels in speed or with haste.
ˣеˣæ·

= =
postman
post.man
AHD:[p?stmn] 
D.J.[6p*&stm*n]
K.K.[6postm*n]
n.ʣ
See  mailman 
μ  mailman

= =
postpone
post.pone
AHD:[p?st-p?n, p?s-p?n] 
D.J.[p*&st6p*&n, p*&s6p*&n]
K.K.[post6pon, pos6pon]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
post.poned,post.pon.ing,post.pones 
To delay until a future time; put off.See Synonyms at defer 1
ӳ٣ӵԺʱ䣻ڲμ defer1
To place after in importance; subordinate.
ڴҪλãҪϰѡں棻áڴλ
?
Latin postp?e 
 postp?e 
post- [post-] 
post- [ǰ׺֮] 
p?e [to put] * see  post 2
p?e [] *μ post2
?
postponable
adj.ݴʣ
postponement
n.ʣ
postponer
n.ʣ

= =
postulate
pos.tu.late
AHD:[p?sch-l3t] 
D.J.[6pKst.*7le!t]
K.K.[6p$st.*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pos.tu.lat.ed,pos.tu.lat.ing,pos.tu.lates 
To make claim for; demand.
ҪƶԡӵȨҪ
To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument.
šΪʵԡΪҪٶԡΪʵڻҪָΪļٶ
To assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted.See Synonyms at presume 
ΪٶΪǰӡΪȻμ presume
n.ʣ
AHD:[p?sch?-l1t, -l3t] 
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument:
ٶ裺δ֤ٶĳ³ΪϵָΪߣ
the postulate that there is little moral difference between the superpowers(Henry A. Kissinger)
賬֮ûʲô²(A.)
A fundamental element; a basic principle.
أԭ
Mathematics An axiom.
ѧ 裬
A requirement; a prerequisite.
ȾҪ
?
Medieval Latin postul3e  postul3t- [to nominate to a bishopric, to assume] 
 postul3e  postul3t- [Ϊ̣] 
from Latin [to request] * see  prek- 
Դ  [Ҫ] *μ prek- 
?
postulation
n.ʣ

= =
pot
pot 1
AHD:[p?t] 
D.J.[pKt]
K.K.[p$t]
n.ʣ
Any of various usually domestic containers made of pottery, metal, or glass, as:
ޣͨմɡƳɵļ磺
A round, fairly deep cooking vessel with a handle and often a lid.
бһԲνĴߣͨи
A short, round container for storing or serving food:
ޣʢʳİСԲ
a jam pot; a mustard pot.
ޣĩƿ
A coffeepot.
Ⱥ
A teapot.

Such a container and its contents:
һޣ֮װ
a pot of stew; brewed a pot of coffee.
һ⣻һ
A potful.
һ֮һһ
A large drinking cup; a tankard.
ˮơƱ
A drink of liquor contained in such a cup.
һƣװеϻ
An artistic or decorative ceramic vessel of any shape.
ޣκ״Իװ
A flowerpot.
ƿ
Something, such as a chimney pot or a chamber pot, that resembles a round cooking vessel in appearance or function.
״λԲδƵĶ̴Ѷܻ
A trap for eels, other fish, or crustaceans, typically consisting of a wicker or wire basket or cage.
¨׽㡢׿දõĲߣ𡢽
Games 
Ϸ 
The total amount staked by all the players in one hand at cards.See Synonyms at bet 
һϷϷһĵܽμ bet
The area on a card table where stakes are placed.
̧棺ϷŶĽĵط
A shot in billiards or related games intended to send a ball into a pocket.
ײϷϷڽеһ
Informal A common fund to which members of a group contribute.
ʽ ͬ֯еĸԱͬＯʽ
Often pots Informal A large amount:
  pots ʽ һʣ
made pots of money on their investment.
ͨͶ׬˴Ǯ
Computer Science A section of storage reserved for storing accumulated data.
ѧ ר洢ۼݵĴ
Informal A potshot.
ʽ һѻ
Informal A potbelly.
ʽ ơƶ
Informal A potty or toilet.
ʽ Ͱ
See  potentiometer 
μ  potentiometer 
v.ʣ
pot.ted,pot.ting,pots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place or plant in a pot:
Уڻڻ
pot a geranium.
ÿڻ
To preserve (food) in a pot.
ڹУʳڹ
To cook in a pot.
ڹ
To shoot (game) for food rather than for sport.
ʳΪȡʳΪֶ
Informal To shoot with a potshot.
ʽ 䣺
Informal To win or capture; bag.
ʽ ӮûԻ
Games To hit (a ball) into a pocket.
Ϸ 򣩻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Informal To take a potshot.
ʽ һ䣺нѻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pott 
Դ Ӣ pott 
from Vulgar Latin *pottus 
Դ  *pottus 
?
pot
pot 2
AHD:[p?t] 
D.J.[pKt]
K.K.[p$t]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
Marijuana.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
potato
po.ta.to
AHD:[p-t3t?] 
D.J.[p*6te!t*&]
K.K.[p*6teto]
n.ʣ
 po.ta.toes 
A South American plant(Solanum tuberosum)  widely cultivated for its starchy, edible tubers. 
򺬵۵Ŀʳ㷺ֲֲ   
A tuber of this plant.
龥ֲĿ龥
A sweet potato.See Regional Note at possum 
μ possum
?
Spanish patata 
 patata 
alteration  probably influenced by Quechua papa [white potato] 
    papaӰ [] 
of Taino batata [sweet potato] 
 ̩ŵ batataı仯 [] 

= =
potential
po.ten.tial
AHD:[p-tnshl] 
D.J.[p*6ten.*l]
K.K.[p*6tWn.*l]
adj.Abbr. pot.ݴʣд pot.
Capable of being but not yet in existence; latent:
ǱڵģܵģдڿܵڵģǱģ
a potential problem.
Ǳڵ
Having possibility, capability, or power.
ģпԵģĻȨ
Grammar Of, relating to, or being a verbal construction with auxiliaries such asmay  or can;  for example, it may snow.  
﷨ ʾԵģиmay  can Ķ﷨ṹģ it mays now  
n.Abbr. pot.ʣд pot.
The inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming into being.
ǱǱܣɳչγɵ
Something possessing the capacity for growth or development.
Ǳܵչ
Grammar A potential verb form.
﷨ ʵĿʽ
Physics The work required to bring a unit electric charge, magnetic pole, or mass from an infinitely distant position to a designated point in a static electric, magnetic, or gravitational 
field, respectively.
ѧ ܣһλĵɡżŴԶλ÷ֱ뾲糡ųĳһָĹ
Symbol V Electricity The potential energy of a unit charge at any point in an electric circuit measured with respect to a specified reference point in the circuit or to ground; voltage.
 V ѧ ƣλڵ·ĳһضյڵ·κһĵλܣѹ
?
Middle English potencial 
йӢ potencial 
from Old French potenciel 
Դ ŷ potenciel 
from Late Latin potenti3s [powerful] 
Դ  potenti3s [] 
from Latin potentia [power] 
Դ  potentia [Ȩ] 
from pot?s  potent- [present participle of] posse [to be able] * see  potent 
Դ pot?s  potent-  [] posseڷִ [ܹ] *μ potent
?
potentially
adv.ʣ

= =
pound
pound 1
AHD:[pound] 
D.J.[pa&nd]
K.K.[pa&nd]
n.ʣ
 pound  pounds  
Abbr. lb.
д lb.
A unit of weight equal to 16 ounces (453.592 grams).
൱16˾(453.592ˣλ
A unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces (373.242 grams).See table at measurement 
൱12˾(373.242ˣҩλμ measurement
A unit of weight differing in various countries and times.
ͬλڸҼʱͬλ
A British unit of force equal to the weight of a standard one-pound mass where the local acceleration of gravity is 9.817 meters (32.174 feet) per second per second.
һӢõĵλ൱ٶΪ9.817/루32.174Ӣ/룩ĵһ׼
The basic monetary unit of the United Kingdom, worth 20 shillings or 240 old pence before the decimalization of 1971.Also called  pound sterling 
ӢӢĻҵλֵ201971ʮǰ240ɱʿҲ  pound sterling
A basic unit of currency in Cyprus, Egypt, Ireland, Lebanon, Sudan, Syria, and United Kingdom.See table at currency 
ҵλ·˹ۡյǼӢĻҵλμ currency
A monetary unit of Scotland before the Act of Union (1707).Also called  In this sense, also called pound scots 
ոϲЧǰ(1707꣩ոĻҵλҲ  ڴҲɳ pound scots
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pund 
Դ Ӣ pund 
from West Germanic *punda- 
Դ ն *punda- 
from Latin (lo?} [(a pound) by weight] * see  (s)pen- 
Դ  (lo?} [ϵһ] *μ (s)pen- 
?
pound
pound 2
AHD:[pound] 
D.J.[pa&nd]
K.K.[pa&nd]
v.ʣ
pound.ed,pound.ing,pounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike repeatedly and forcefully.See Synonyms at beat 
ػءػμ beat
To beat to a powder or pulp; pulverize or crush.
飬飬ãɷĩ򽬣ĥѹ
To instill by persistent, emphatic repetition:
ǿգ䣺ϵأظǿй䣺
pounded knowledge into the students' heads.
֪ʶϵӲѧͷ
To assault with heavy gunfire.
ҿҵڻϮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike vigorous, repeated blows:
ػش
He pounded on the table.
ػ
To move along heavily and noisily:
ضֵƶ
The children pounded up the stairs.
ǳֵ¥
To pulsate rapidly and heavily; throb:
¶ٶֳصز¶
Her heart pounded.
ؼ
To move or work laboriously:
ģжƶ
a ship that pounded through heavy seas.
Խӿ󺣵Ĵֻ
n.ʣ
A heavy blow.
ػ
The sound of a heavy blow; a thump.
ػ
The act of pounding.
ʹػʹػΪ
?
pound the pavementٵ
To travel the streets on foot, especially in search of work.
ͷͽڽߣָҹ
?
Middle English pounden 
йӢ pounden 
alteration of pounen 
 pounenı仯 
from Old English p?n 
Դ Ӣ p?n 
?
pounder
n.ʣ
?
pound
pound 3
AHD:[pound] 
D.J.[pa&nd]
K.K.[pa&nd]
n.ʣ
A public enclosure for the confinement of stray dogs or livestock.
;ĹĹ
A place in which impounded property is held until redeemed.
ʱ˽˲ֱصĿջ
An enclosure in which animals or fish are trapped or kept.
Χ׽Χ
A place of confinement for lawbreakers.
Υߵĵط
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pound.ed,pound.ing,pounds 
To confine in or as if in a pound; impound.
ڻΧУûգ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pund- [enclosure] 
Դ Ӣ pund- [ΧأΧ] 
as in pundfald [pen] 
 pundfald [Χ] 
?
Pound
Pound
AHD:[pound] Ezra Loomis (1885-1972) 
D.J.[pa&nd]
K.K.[pa&nd]
NONE޴ԣ
American writer who exerted great influence on the development of modern literature through his poetic works, such as the unfinishedCantos  (1925-1960), his critical works, including 
ABC of Reading  (1934), his voluminous contributions to literary magazines, and his tutelage of writers such as T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Ernest Hemingway. 
ӵ£˹¬˹(1885-1972) ңʫִѧķչԶӰ죬δġʫƪ 1925-1960꣩Ʒ ĶABC 1934꣩
ѧ־Ͷ岢ҶTSأղķ˹˹ͺҲӰ 
?
Pound
PoundRoscoe (1870-1964)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who was dean of Harvard Law School (1916-1936) and wrote several influential books, includingThe Spirit of the Common Law  (1921). 
ӵ£˹(1870-1964) ѧңιѧԺĽ(1916-1936꣩мӰ飬ľ 1921꣩ 

= =
pour
pour
AHD:[p?r, p?r] 
D.J.[p%8, p*&r]
K.K.[p%r, por]
v.ʣ
poured,pour.ing,pours 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a liquid or granular solid) stream or flow, as from a container.
ʹҺ״壩һ
To send forth, produce, express, or utter copiously, as if in a stream or flood:
кߣˮˮ㷢ϲر˵
poured money into the project; poured out my inner thoughts.
ѴǮͶĿУĵ뷨
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stream or flow continuously or profusely.
ӿԴԴϵش
To rain hard or heavily.

To pass or proceed in large numbers or quantity:
ģӿؾУ
Students poured into the auditorium.
ѧӿ뱨
To serve a beverage, such as tea or coffee, to a gathering:
壬Ϊۻ嵹ϣ򿧷ȣ
We need someone to pour.
Ҫ赹ˮ
n.ʣ
A pouring or flowing forth, especially a downpour of rain.
кָк
?
Middle English pouren 
йӢ pouren 
probably from Old North French purer [to sift, pour out] 
Դ ŷ purer [ɸɸ] 
from Latin p?3re} [to purify] 
Դ  p?3re} [] 
from p?s [pure] * see  peu- 
Դ p?s [] *μ peu- 
?
pourer
n.ʣ

= =
poverty
pov.er.ty
AHD:[p?vr-t?] 
D.J.[6pKv*ti8]
K.K.[6p$v*ti]
n.ʣ
The state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts.
ƶ״ȱȡƷֶ
Deficiency in amount; scantiness:
㣺ȱѷ
the poverty of feeling that reduced her soul(Scott Turow)
ƶʹÿ顱(˹ءͼ)
Unproductiveness; infertility:
ƶ񤣻У
the poverty of the soil.
ƶ
Renunciation made by a member of a religious order of the right to own property.
ƲģΪڽ̻ԱӵвƲ֮Ȩ
?
Middle English poverte 
йӢ poverte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin paupert3s 
Դ  paupert3s 
from pauper [poor] * see  pau- 
Դ pauper [ƶ] *μ pau- 

= =
powder
pow.der
AHD:[poudr] 
D.J.[6pa&d*]
K.K.[6pa&d+]
n.ʣ
A substance consisting of ground, pulverized, or otherwise finely dispersed solid particles.
ĩĥۡȷֲĹɵ
Any of various preparations in the form of powder, as certain cosmetics and medicines.
ɢԷĩʽڵƷĳЩױƷҩƷ
An explosive mixture, such as gunpowder.
ҩױըĻ絯ҩ
Light, dry snow.
ϸѩɶѩƬ
v.ʣ
pow.dered,pow.der.ing,pow.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce to powder; pulverize.
ѡĥɷۣʹɷĩɷ
To dust or cover with or as if with powder.
ڣԷۣŷĩ
Slang To defeat handily or decisively.
ٵ ػػԵػ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become pulverized; turn into powder.
飻ɷĩ
To use powder as a cosmetic.
ۣ˷ۣ÷ױƷ
?
keep (one's) powder dry
To be ready for a challenge with little warning.
׼һ׼ûʲôս
take a powder
To make a quick departure; run away.
Ѹ뿪֮زز
?
Middle English poudre 
йӢ poudre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pulvis  pulver- 
Դ  pulvis  pulver- 
?
powderer
n.ʣ

= =
power
pow.er
AHD:[pour] 
D.J.[6pa&*]
K.K.[6pa&+]
n.Abbr. pwr.ʣд pwr.
The ability or capacity to perform or act effectively.
ȨЧִлж
Often powers A specific capacity, faculty, or aptitude:
  powers ܣһ־츳ܣ
her powers of concentration.
ע
Strength or force exerted or capable of being exerted; might.See Synonyms at strength 
ǿʩӻܹʩӵȨμ strength
The ability or official capacity to exercise control; authority.
ȨʵпƵٷȨȨ
A person, group, or nation having great influence or control over others:
ߣ֯ǿ˻мӰˡŻң
the western powers.
ǿ
The might of a nation, political organization, or similar group.
һҡ֯Ƽŵ
Forcefulness; effectiveness:
˵̣Ч
a novel of unusual power.
˵С˵
Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. A large number or amount.See Regional Note at powerful 
ϲ ڶ࣬μ powerful
The energy or motive force by which a physical system or machine is operated:
ʹϵͳת
turbines turned by steam power; a sailing ship driven by wind power.
תֻʻ
The capacity of a system or machine to operate:
ʹϵͳת
a vehicle that runs under its own power.
Զٿص
Electrical or mechanical energy, especially as used to assist or replace human energy.
ܣеܣܻеܣָЭ
Electricity supplied to a home, building, or community:
Ӧͥĵ
a storm that cut off power to the whole region.
жӦı
Physics The rate at which work is done, expressed as the amount of work per unit time and commonly measured in units such as the watt and horsepower.
ѧ ʣʣÿλʱĹʾͨغΪλ
Electricity 
ѧ 
The product of applied potential difference and current in a direct-current circuit.
·ֱ·еʵʵλĳ˻
The product of the effective values of the voltage and current with the cosine of the phase angle between current and voltage in an alternating-current circuit.
·еѹЧֵԼѹ֮λǵ֮˻
Mathematics 
ѧ 
See  exponent 
μ  exponent 
The number of elements in a finite set.
ָԪص
Statistics The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis where it is false.
ͳѧ ƷĻʣƷüĿ
A measure of the magnification of an optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope.
ʣѧ΢ԶķŴ
powers Theology The sixth of the nine orders of angels.
 powers ѧ żʹеĵ
Archaic An armed force.
 װ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to political, social, or economic control:
ȨģΡ򾭼ÿƵģ
a power struggle; a power base.
ȨȨ
Operated with mechanical or electrical energy in place of bodily exertion:
еܵģ綯ģûеܴģ
a power tool; power car windows.
綯ߣ綯
Of or relating to the generation or transmission of electricity:
Ե͵ģڵ͵ģ
power companies; power lines.
˾·
Informal Of or relating to influential business or professional practices:
ʽ רҵģЧģӰҵְҵʵĻйصģ
a pinstriped suit with a power tie; met with high-level executives at a power breakfast.
һĿĺװͻϻ߼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pow.ered,pow.er.ing,pow.ers 
To supply with power, especially mechanical power.
תṩָе
?
powers that be
Those who hold effective power in a system or situation:
ȨߣĳһϵͳְλʵȨˣ
a plan vetoed by the powers that be.
ȨǷ˵ļƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French poeir [to be able, power] 
Դ ŷ poeir [ܹȨ] 
from Vulgar Latin *pot?e [to be able] 
Դ  *pot?e [ܹ] 
from potis [able, powerful] * see  poti- 
Դ potis [ģȨƵ] *μ poti- 

= =
powerful
pow.er.ful
AHD:[pour-fl] 
D.J.[6pa&*f*l]
K.K.[6pa&*f*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or capable of exerting power.
ģģȨܹʩȨ
Effective or potent:
ЧģЧĻõģ
a powerful drug.
Чҩ
Computer Science Fast, versatile, or able to handle large tasks. Used of hardware or software.
ѧ ǿģЧģԴٶȿ졢ܶǿġڼӲ
Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. Great:
ϲ ޴ģ
The storm did a powerful lot of harm.
ⳡ籩˾޴ֺ
adv.Chiefly Upper Southern U.S. ʣϲ 
Very:
ǳģ
It was powerful humid.
ǳʪ
?
powerfully
adv.ʣ
powerfulness
n.ʣ
?
In the upper southern United States the wordspowerful  and mighty  are intensives used frequently like the adverb very :  Your boy's grown powerful big.The new baby is mighty 
purty.Powerfulis used as an adjective in some expressions:  The storm did a powerful lot of harm. In the same dialect regionthe nounpower  has, in addition to its standard meaning, the 
sense of a large number or amount.This sense appears in theOxford English Dictionary  as common in dialectal British English of the 18th and 19th centuries: It has done a 
power of work (Charles Dickens).All these derivative senses ofpower  and might  take advantage of the notion of strength inherent in these nouns, making them natural intensives. 
Colloquial English is always on the lookout for ways to make language more vivid with new intensives.We think of the upper southern part of the United States as linguistically 
conservative,but in fact it has preserved uses ofpower, powerful,  and mighty  that were innovative in their time. 
ϲpowerful  mighty ǿʲ very һõúƵ  ĶѳúܴˡǳɾPowerfulЩлݴʣ  Ⱪɾ޴
ֺ ͬһУpower ˾б׼⣬ Сֻ֮⡣ţӢʵ У 18ͼ19͵ӢӢ﷽ʹҲʮձ飺 
˴ ˹Ҹ˹power  might Щ嶼ʱĺʹǳΪǿʡ ӢһֱѰ;µǿ
ʹԱøΪΪϲԵʹǺܱصģʵϣⲿֵȴڵʱʮִµpowerpowerful  mighty ÷ 

= =
practicable
prac.ti.ca.ble
AHD:[pr2kt1-k-bl] 
D.J.[6pr#kt!k*b*l]
K.K.[6pr#kt!k*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being effected, done, or put into practice; feasible.See Synonyms at possible 
ʵõģеͨģʵСӦõģеĲμ possible
Usable for a specified purpose:
ʵõģõģʵʹõģ
a practicable way of entry.
ʵõ
?
Medieval Latin practic3s [capable of being used] 
 practic3s [õ] 
from practic3e [to practice] 
Դ practic3e [ʵʵ] 
from pr3a [practice] 
Դ pr3a [ʵ] 
from Late Latin pr3?} [practical as against contemplative life] 
Դ  pr3?} [ڤԵʵ] 
from Greek praktik?} [feminine of] praktikos [practical] * see  practica 
Դ ϣ praktik?}  [] praktikosԴ [ʵʵģʵõ] *μ practica
?
practicability
n.ʣ
practicably
adv.ʣ
?
Practicable  means feasible as well as usableand hence overlaps in meaning to some extent withpractical,  which can mean useful. However,practicable  does not share 
any other senses with practical.  
Practicable Ϊеġ ҲСõġ֮⣬Ϊõġpractical һ̶ȵص Ȼpracticable  pratical ûغ 

= =
practical
prac.ti.cal
AHD:[pr2kt1-kl] 
D.J.[6pr#kt!k*l]
K.K.[6pr#kt!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, governed by, or acquired through practice or action, rather than theory, speculation, or ideals:
ʵģʵʵģʵжģۡ²ģʵжйصģʵжƵģͨʵжõģ
gained practical experience of sailing as a deck hand.
Ϊˮֻ˺ʵ
Manifested in or involving practice:
ʵֵģʵõģʵʾĻǣ浽ʵģ
practical applications of calculus.
΢ֵʵ
Actually engaged in a specified occupation or a certain kind of work; practicing.
ʵʹģʵʴĳְҵģʵɵ
Capable of being used or put into effect; useful:
ʵõģʵüֵģõĻõģõģ
practical knowledge of Japanese.See Usage Note at practicable 
ձ˵ʵѧμ practicable
Intended to serve a purpose without elaboration:
עʵЧģʵʵģΪﵽĳһĿĶûģ
practical low-heeled shoes.
ʵõĵ͸Ь
Concerned with the production or operation of something useful:
õģʵõģйģ
Woodworking is a practical art.
ľһʵù
Level-headed, efficient, and unspeculative.
ʵģͷ侲ģЧʸߵģ̤ʵ
Being actually so in almost every respect; virtual:
ʵϵģÿһ涼ʵʵģʵϵģ
a practical disaster.
ʵϵ
?
Middle English practicale 
йӢ practicale 
from Medieval Latin practic3s 
Դ  practic3s 
from Late Latin pr3s 
Դ  pr3s 
from Greek praktikos 
Դ ϣ praktikos 
from prassein [to make, do] 
Դ prassein [죬] 
?
practicality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?]   practi.cal.ness ʣ

= =
practically
prac.ti.cal.ly
AHD:[pr2kt1k-l?] 
D.J.[6pr#kt!kli8]
K.K.[6pr#kt!kli]
adv.ʣ
In a way that is practical.
ʵõأʵʵأͨʵõķʽ
For all practical purposes; virtually.
ʵʵأʵʳأʵϣʵ
All but; nearly; almost.

?
Practically  is used unexceptionally in its primary sense of in a way that is practical. Its use in the sense for all practical purposes is perfectly acceptable.Thus, a person 
whose liabilities exceed his or her assets may be said to bepractically bankrupt,  even though that person has not been legally declared insolvent. By a slight extension of this 
meaning,  however,practically  is often used to mean all but or nearly:  
Practically ƽĺǡͨʵõķʽ Ϊʵʳءһ˼÷Ҳȫɽܵġˣĳ˵ծ񳬳ĲƲֵĻʹ
ûڷƲͿ˵ʵƲ  Ȼһ˼죬practically ;ʾ򡰲ࡱ˼  
He had practically finished his meal when I arrived. 
ҵʱѲ극ˡ 
This use ofpractically,  sometimes considered informal,is widely encountered in reputable writing.
practically һ÷ ʱΪǷʽģȴһ÷

= =
practice
prac.tice
AHD:[pr2kt1s] 
D.J.[6pr#kt!s]
K.K.[6pr#kt!s]
v.ʣ
prac.ticed,prac.tic.ing,prac.tic.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To do or perform habitually or customarily; make a habit of:
ϰڣϰԵ򰴹ִУʹΪϰߣ
She practiced restraint in her friendships.
ʮֽ
To do or perform (something) repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill:
ϰΪȡ߼ܶϰĳ£
practice a dance step.
貽
To give lessons or repeated instructions to; drill:
ѵϿλ򷴸ָ
practiced the students in handwriting.
ѧϰ鷨
To work at, especially as a profession:
£ִҵ£ָΪְҵ£
practice law.
ִ
To carry out in action; observe:
ʵУжִУأ
She practices her religion piously.
һϵڽŷ
Obsolete To plot (something evil).
 ıͼıͼı߻а֮£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To do or perform something habitually or repeatedly.
ϰڣϰԵػ򷴸ִ
To do something repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill.
ϰΪȡĳּܶĳ
To work at a profession.
ִҵĳְҵ
Archaic To intrigue or plot.
 ı߻
n.ʣ
A habitual or customary action or way of doing something:
ϰߣϰԻԵΪ·ʽ
makes a practice of being punctual.
׼ʱϰ
Repeated performance of an activity in order to learn or perfect a skill:
ΪջĳּĳķУ
Practice will make you a good musician.
ϰʹΪּ
Archaic The skill so learned or perfected.
 ļɣϰջƵļ
The condition of being skilled through repeated exercise:
ϰ״̬
out of practice.

The act or process of doing something; performance or action:
ִУʵĳµΪִ̣лж
a theory that is difficult to put into practice.
һԸʵ
Exercise of an occupation or a profession:
ҵ񣬹ְҵҵʵ
the practice of law.
ʦҵ
The business of a professional person:
רҵְҵԱҵ
an obstetrician with her own practice.
רҵǲҽʦ
A habitual or customary action or act. Often used in the plural:
߳ľٶϰԵĻԵΪжøʽ
That company engages in questionable business practices. Facial tattooing is a standard practice among certain peoples.
˾µҵЩ⡣ĳЩĻϰ
Law The methods of procedure used in a court of law.
ɡ 򷨣ڷͥϳ򷽷
Archaic 
 
The act of tricking or scheming, especially with malicious intent.
ıթͼıΪָж
A trick, a scheme, or an intrigue.
ıơƲ߻ͼı
?
Middle English practisen 
йӢ practisen 
from Old French practiser 
Դ ŷ practiser 
alteration of practiquer 
 practiquerı仯 
from practique [practice] 
Դ practique [ʵ] 
from Late Latin pr3?} [practical] * see  practicable 
Դ  pr3?} [ʵʵģʵõ] *μ practicable
?
practicer
n.ʣ
?
practice,drill,exercise,rehearse
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to do or cause to do again and again in order to acquire proficiency: 
Ще˼ǡΪﵽ̶ȶػʹ 
practice the shot put;
ϰǦ
drill pupils in the multiplication tables;
ѧϰ˷ھ
exercising one's wits;
ǻۣ
an actor rehearsing a role. See also Synonyms at  habit 
ɫԱ μͬ habit

= =
practise
prac.tise
AHD:[pr2kt1s] 
D.J.[6pr#kt!s]
K.K.[6pr#kt!s]
v.ʣ
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of practice 
 practiceı
?
practiser
n.ʣ

= =
praise
praise
AHD:[pr3z] 
D.J.[pre!z]
K.K.[prez]
n.ʣ
Expression of approval, commendation, or admiration.
ޣͣͬĽ
The extolling or exaltation of a deity, ruler, or hero.
̣ͳ߻Ӣ۵
Archaic A reason for praise; merit.
 ŵ㣬£̵ɣŵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
praised,prais.ing,prais.es 
To express warm approbation of, commendation for, or admiration for.
ͣҵͬĽ
To extol or exalt; worship.
̣羴̳
?
Middle English preise 
йӢ preise 
from preisen [to praise] 
Դ preisen [] 
from Old French preisier 
Դ ŷ preisier 
from Late Latin preti3e [to prize] 
Դ  preti3e [] 
from Latin pretium [price] * see  per- 5
Դ  pretium [۸] *μ per- 5
?
praiser
n.ʣ
?
praise,acclaim,commend,extol,laud
These verbs mean to express approval or admiration.Topraise  is to voice approbation, commendation, or esteem:  
ЩΪͬĽPraise ָͬأ  
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him (Shakespeare). 
Ϊ῭ ɯʿǣ 
She was enthusiastically praising the beauties of Gothic architecture (Francis Marion Crawford).
Ÿʽ ˹͸£
 Acclaim   usually implies hearty approbation warmly and publicly expressed: 
 Acclaim  ʾر 
The restoration of the frescoes is being widely but not universally acclaimed by art historians.
ڻ޸ʷѧõ˹㷺һµĳ̡
Commend  suggests moderate or restrained approval, as that accorded by a superior: 
Commend  ʾϼºͶнƵ 
The judge commended the jury for their patience and hard work. Toextol  is to praise highly; the term suggests exaltation or glorification: 
ļڵĹ Extol ָ߶ ôʱһ̵˼ 
that sign of old age, extolling the past at the expense of the present (Sydney Smith).
ıʱΪ˹ȥ ᡤʷ˹
 Laud  connotes respectful or lofty, often inordinate praise: 
 Laud  ָ𾴻ߵĻΪȵ 
aspirations which are lauded up to the skies (Charles Kingsley).
ĺԸ ˹˹

= =
pray
pray
AHD:[pr3] 
D.J.[pre!]
K.K.[pre]
v.ʣ
prayed,pray.ing,prays 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter or address a prayer or prayers to God, a god, or another object of worship.
棺ϵۡһݶĵ
To make a fervent request or an entreaty.
ԸǿҵҪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or say a prayer or prayers to; address by prayer.
ԡ
To ask (someone) imploringly; beseech. Now often used elliptically forI pray you  to introduce a request or an entreaty: 
ĳˣڳI pray you ֮ԣʾҪ 
Pray be careful.
Сһ
To make a devout or earnest request for:
ȳϻҪ
I pray your permission to speak.
ҿ׼ҷ
To move or bring by prayer or entreaty.
ж򶯣ж
?
Middle English preien 
йӢ preien 
from Old French preier 
Դ ŷ preier 
from Latin prec3o} 
Դ  prec3o} 
from *prex [prayer] * see  prek- 
Դ *prex [] *μ prek- 

= =
prayer
prayer 1
AHD:[prar] 
D.J.[pre*]
K.K.[prWr]
n.ʣ
A reverent petition made to God, a god, or another object of worship.
棺ϵۡһݶ
The act of making a reverent petition to God, a god, or another object of worship.
ΪϵۡһݶΪ
An act of communion with God, a god, or another object of worship, such as in devotion, confession, praise, or thanksgiving:
ϵۣݡڡݻжڵȳϵۡһݶйͨΪ
One evening a week, the family would join together in prayer.
ÿڵһȫҶҪһϵ
A specially worded form used to address God, a god, or another object of worship.
ģϵۡһݶһʽ
prayers A religious observance in which praying predominates:
 prayers ʽΪһڽʽ
morning prayers.

A fervent request:
ҵ
Her prayer for rain was granted at last.
ʵ
The thing requested:

His safe arrival was their only prayer.
ܰȫΨһԸ
The slightest chance or hope:
ãĻϣ
In a storm the mountain climbers won't have a prayer.
еɽǽϣ
Law 
ɡ 
The request of a complainant, as stated in a complaint or in equity, that the court grant the aid or relief solicited.
ԭõͥЭҪľ߻ƽе
The section of the complaint or bill that contains this request.
״߻״аһĲ
?
Middle English preiere 
йӢ preiere 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin prec3a 
Դ  prec3a 
from feminine of Latin prec3s [obtained by entreaty] 
Դ  prec3 [ͨõ] 
from prec3o} [to entreat] 
Դ prec3o} [] 
from *prex [prayer] * see  prek- 
Դ *prex [] *μ prek- 
?
prayer
prayer 2
AHD:[pr3r] 
D.J.[6pre!*]
K.K.[6pre+]
n.ʣ
One who prays.


= =
preach
preach
AHD:[pr?ch] 
D.J.[pri8t.]
K.K.[prit.]
v.ʣ
preached,preach.ing,preach.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To proclaim or put forth in a sermon:
ڽʱ
preached the gospel.

To advocate, especially to urge acceptance of or compliance with:
ĴԴʹǣܻأ
preached tolerance and peaceful coexistence.
̼ƽ
To deliver (a sermon).

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a sermon.

To give religious or moral instruction, especially in a tedious manner.
˵̣ڽ̻ѵ룬ָ߳ζķʽ
?
Middle English prechen 
йӢ prechen 
from Old French preechier 
Դ ŷ preechier 
from Late Latin praedic3e 
Դ  praedic3e 
from Latin [to proclaim] 
Դ  [] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
dic3e [to proclaim] * see  deik- 
dic3e [] *μ deik- 
?
preachingly
adv.ʣ

= =
precaution
pre.cau.tion
AHD:[pr1-k?shn] 
D.J.[pr!6k%8.*n]
K.K.[pr!6k%.*n]
n.ʣ
An action taken in advance to protect against possible danger or failure; a safeguard:
ԤԤȲȡԤܵΣջʧܣ
He took every precaution but still got a bad deal on that used car.
Сĵھɳƭ
Caution practiced in advance; forethought or circumspection:
Ԥľ棻˼ǻأ
Precaution was impossible in those dire circumstances.
ڽȵĻϾȥ
?
Late Latin praecauti?}  praecauti?n- 
 praecauti?}  praecauti?n- 
from praecautus 
Դ praecautus 
past participle of Latin praecav?e [to guard against] 
  praecav? [] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺] 
cav?e [to beware] 
cav?e [ʶ] 

= =
precede
pre.cede
AHD:[pr1-s?d] 
D.J.[pr!6si8d]
K.K.[pr!6sid]
v.ʣ
pre.ced.ed,pre.ced.ing,pre.cedes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To come, exist, or occur before in time.
ڡڡ֮ǰ֡ڻ
To come before in order or rank; surpass or outrank.
ڡڴλڻڡȼ
To be in a position in front of; go in advance of.
ڡǰλãڡǰ
To preface; introduce:
򣻽ܣ
He preceded his lecture with a humorous anecdote.
һĬ¿ʼ˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come or go before in time, order, rank, or position.
ȣȣʱ䡢򡢵ȼλϴǰȡ
?
Middle English preceden 
йӢ preceden 
from Old French preceder 
Դ ŷ preceder 
from Latin praec?e 
Դ  praec?e 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
c?e [to go] * see  ked- 
c?e [ȥ] *μ ked- 

= =
preceding
pre.ced.ing
AHD:[pr1-s?d1ng] 
D.J.[pr!6si8d!0]
K.K.[pr!6sid!0]
adj.Abbr. prec.ݴʣд prec.
Existing or coming before another or others in time, place, rank, or sequence; previous.
ǰģȵģʱ䡢طȼϱһڻֶȵģǰ

= =
precious
pre.cious
AHD:[prshs] 
D.J.[6pre.*s]
K.K.[6prW.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Of high cost or worth; valuable.
ģǮֵܸߵģֵǮ
Highly esteemed; cherished.See Synonyms at costly 
ģܵ߶۵ģصĲμ costly
Dear; beloved.
װģȰ
Affectedly dainty or overrefined:
ģεŵģ
precious mannerisms.
ϰ
Informal Thoroughgoing; unmitigated:
ʽ ʮģģ
a precious mess.
һ
n.ʣ
One who is dear or beloved; a darling.
䰮ˣֿˣ
adv.ʣ
Used as an intensive:
ǿʣ
He had precious little right to complain(James Agee)
ûȨԹ(ղķ˹)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French precios 
Դ ŷ precios 
from Latin preti?s 
Դ  preti?s 
from pretium [price] * see  per- 5
Դ pretium [ֵ] *μ per- 5
?
preciously
adv.ʣ
preciousness
n.ʣ

= =
precipitate
pre.cip.i.tate
AHD:[pr1-s1p1-t3t] 
D.J.[pr!6s!p!7te!t]
K.K.[pr!6s!p!7tet]
v.ʣ
pre.cip.i.tat.ed,pre.cip.i.tat.ing,pre.cip.i.tates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw from or as if from a great height; hurl downward:
ɸߴ£ӻӼߴ£Ͷ
The finest bridge in all Peru broke and precipitated five travelers into the gulf below(Thornton Wilder)
³õŶ˲׽Ԩ(ɣ١)
To cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely.See Synonyms at speed 
ʹǰͻȻʹָͻȻطμ speed
Meteorology To cause (water vapor) to condense and fall from the air as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
ѧ ʹ½ʹˮγꡢѩѩӿн
Chemistry To cause (a solid substance) to be separated from a solution.
ѧ ʹʹ̬ʣҺз
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Meteorology To condense and fall from the air as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
ѧ ᣺ᲢΪꡢѩӿн
Chemistry To be separated from a solution as a solid.
ѧ ҺзΪ
To fall or be thrown headlong:
䣬һͷ£ԻȻ£
An already ailing economy precipitated into ruin despite foreign intervention.
Эǧٿ׾״̬
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-t1t] 
Moving rapidly and heedlessly; speeding headlong.
ִнģҴٵģٶƶģȻٵ
Acting with or marked by excessive haste and lack of due deliberation.See Synonyms at impetuous See Synonyms at reckless 
ʵģ嶯µģжżȱӦпǵģ֮ΪصĲμ impetuousμ reckless
Occurring suddenly or unexpectedly.
ͻȻģͻȻϵط
n.ʣ
AHD:[-t3t, -t1t] д ppt,ppt.
Chemistry A solid or solid phase separated from a solution.
ѧ ҺзĹ״̬
A product resulting from a process, an event, or a course of action.
һ̡¼ΪвĽ
?
Latin praecipit3e  praecipit3t- [to throw headlong] 
 praecipit3e  praecipit3t- [Ȼ] 
from praeceps  praecipit- [headlong] 
Դ praeceps  praecipit- [Ȼ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
caput  capit- [head] * see  kaput- 
caput  capit- [ͷ] *μ kaput- 
?
precipitately
AHD:[-t1t-l?] ʣ
precipitateness
n.ʣ
precipitative
adj.ݴʣ
precipitator
n.ʣ
?
The adjectiveprecipitate  and the adverb precipitately  were once applied to physical steepness but are now used primarily of rash, headlong actions: 
ݴprecipitate ͸ precipitately Ķ Ҫָ³çΪ 
They made a precipitate decision.
һʵľ
He withdrew precipitately from the race.
ʵشӱ˳
Precipitouscurrently means steep in both literal and figurative senses:  
Precipitousͱ϶ʾġ  
the precipitous rapids of the upper river;
εļ
a precipitous drop in commodity prices. 
Ʒ۸񼱾µ 
Butprecipitous  and precipitously  are also frequently used to mean abrupt, hasty, which takes them into territory that would ordinarily belong toprecipitate  and precipitately :  
precipitous  precipitously ҲΪͻȻģʵġ Ǵͨprecipitate  precipitately 巶Χ  
their precipitous decision to leave. 
Ҫ뿪Ĳִپ 
This usage is a natural extension of the use ofprecipitous  to describe a rise or fall in a quantity over time:a precipitous increase in reports of measles  is also an abrupt or sudden 
event. Though this extended use ofprecipitous  is well attested in the work of reputable writers, it is still widely regarded as an error.
÷precipitous ÷Ȼƹ㣬 һʱ䣺ļ ҲʾһּͻȻ¼ precipitous һƹ÷ҵ
Ʒеõ˳֤ʵ Ա㷺Ϊһ

= =
precise
pre.cise
AHD:[pr1-sos] 
D.J.[pr!6sa!s]
K.K.[pr!6sa!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Clearly expressed or delineated; definite:
ģȷеģģȷģ
The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect.
ܹܺɷ
Exact, as in performance, execution, or amount; accurate or correct:
ȷģȷģʵСʵʩϺ׼ȷģȷĻ׼ȷģ
a precise measurement; a precise instrument.
ȷĲ
Strictly distinguished from others; very:
ȷģϸģҪģ
at that precise moment.
һʱ
Distinct and correct in sound or meaning:
ģģȷģ
precise pronunciation; precise prose.
ȷķϸɢ
Conforming strictly to rule or proper form:
ͳģϸϺʵʽģ
The setting up of this Maypole was a lamentable spectacle to the precise separatists that lived at New Plymouth(Thomas Morton)
é˹ͳ˵˷ڻĽʵĵıҳ桱(˹Ī)
?
Middle English [exact] 
йӢ [ȷ] 
from Old French precis [condensed, precisely fixed] 
Դ ŷ precis [ģȶ] 
from Latin praecos [past participle of] praecodere [to shorten] 
Դ  praecos  [] praecodereĹȥִ [] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
caedere [to cut] * see  ka-id- 
caedere [] *μ ka-id- 
?
preciseness
n.ʣ

= =
precision
pre.ci.sion
AHD:[pr1-s1zhn] 
D.J.[pr!6s!9*n]
K.K.[pr!6s!9*n]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of being precise; exactness.
ȷȷ״̬ʣ׼ȷ
Mathematics The exactness with which a number is specified; the number of significant digits with which a number is expressed.
ѧ ȷԣָʱ׼ȷԣʱЧλ
adj.ݴʣ
Used or intended for accurate or exact measurement:
ܵģڻڽоȷ׼ȷģ
a precision tool.

Made so as to vary minimally from a set standard:
ر׼ģ׼Сģ
precision components.
׼ɲ
Of or characterized by accurate action:
жȷģжȷĻ֮Ϊصģ
precision bombing.
ȷĺը
?
Latin praeco?}  praecosi?n- [a cutting off] 
 praeco?}  praecosi?n- [ж] 
from praecos [past participle of] praecodere [to cut off] * see  precise 
Դ praecos  [] praecodereĹȥִ [ж] *μ precise

= =
preclude
pre.clude
AHD:[pr1-kl?d] 
D.J.[pr!6klu8d]
K.K.[pr!6klud]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pre.clud.ed,pre.clud.ing,pre.cludes 
To make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent.See Synonyms at prevent 
ԤԤȲȡжȡԣֹμ prevent
To exclude or prevent (someone) from a given condition or activity:
ųѣĳˣض״̬ų⣺
Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor.
ǫѷֹҽһ
?
Latin praecl?e 
 praecl?e 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
claudere [to close] 
claudere [ر] 
?
preclusion
AHD:[-kl?zhn] ʣ
preclusive
AHD:[-kl?s1v, -z1v] ݴʣ
preclusively
adv.ʣ

= =
predecessor
pred.e.ces.sor
AHD:[prd1-ssr, pr?d1-] 
D.J.[6pred!7ses*, 6pri8d!-]
K.K.[6prWd!7sWs+, 6prid!-]
n.ʣ
One who precedes another in time, especially in holding an office or a position.
ǰΣָһӵͬһְְλ
Something that has been succeeded by another:
ԭǰһĶ
The new building is more spacious than its predecessor.
һ½ԭȵĸ
Archaic An ancestor; a forebear.
 ȣ汲
?
Middle English predecessoure 
йӢ predecessoure 
from Old French predecesseur 
Դ ŷ predecesseur 
from Late Latin praed?r 
Դ  praed?r 
Latin prae- [pre-] 
 prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
Latin d?r [a retiring magistrate]  from d?s [past participle of] d?c?dere [to depart]  d?- [away] * see  de-  c?e [to go] * see  ked- 
 d?r [ݵ˾]  Դ d?s  [] d?c?dereĹȥִ [뿪]  d?- [뿪] *μ de- c?e [] *μ ked- 

= =
predict
pre.dict
AHD:[pr1-d1kt] 
D.J.[pr!6d!kt]
K.K.[pr!6d!kt]
v.ʣ
pre.dict.ed,pre.dict.ing,pre.dicts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge.
Ԥ⣬Ԥ֪Ԥ棺Ԥȳ߻򹫲ָ֪ʶΪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To foretell something; prophesy.
ԤԣԤʾԤĳ£Ԥ
?
Latin praedoe  praedict- 
 praedoe  praedict- 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
doe [to say] * see  deik- 
doe [˵] *μ deik- 
?
predictability
n.ʣ
predictable
adj.ݴʣ
predictably
adv.ʣ
predictive
adj.ݴʣ
predictively
adv.ʣ
predictiveness
n.ʣ
predictor
n.ʣ
?
predict,call,forecast,foretell,prognosticate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to tell about something in advance of its occurrence by means of special knowledge or inference: 
Ще˼ǡƾ֪ʶ鷢֮ǰԤȱ桱 
predict an eclipse;
Ԥգ£ʴ
couldn't call the outcome of the game;
ԤԱ
forecasting the weather;
Ԥ
foretold the collapse of the government;
Ԥĵ̨
prognosticating a rebellion. 
Ԥһ 

= =
predominant
pre.dom.i.nant
AHD:[pr1-d?m-nnt] 
D.J.[pr!6dKm*n*nt]
K.K.[pr!6d$m*n*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Having greatest ascendancy, importance, influence, authority, or force.See Synonyms at dominant 
ģġҪġӰġȨĻǿĲμ dominant
Most common or conspicuous; main or prevalent:
Ҫģͨ۵ģҪĻеģ
the predominant color in a design.
еɫ
?
Medieval Latin praedomin3s  praedominant- [present participle of] praedomin3ro [to predominate] * see  predominate 
 praedomin3s  praedominant-  [] praedomin3roڷִ [ƣͳ] *μ predominate
?
predominantly
adv.ʣ

= =
preface
pref.ace
AHD:[prf1s] 
D.J.[6pref!s]
K.K.[6prWf!s]
n.Abbr. pref.ʣд pref.
A preliminary statement or essay introducing a book that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author.
ԣһԤԳɢģԽ䷶Χͼ򱳾ͨ׫д
An introductory section, as of a speech.
ףԲ֣ݽ
Something introductory; a preliminary:
Ļͷˣ
An informal brunch served as a preface to the three-day conference.
һٷʽΪĿ
Often Preface The words introducing the central part of the Eucharist in several Christian churches.
  Preface УһЩʥĲֵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pref.aced,pref.ac.ing,pref.ac.es 
To introduce by or provide with a preliminary statement or essay.
ԤԳɢܻṩԤԳɢĵ
To serve as an introduction to.
ΪԡĽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praef3?}  praef3ti?n- 
Դ  praef3?}  praef3ti?n- 
from praef3s [past participle of] praef3ro [to say before] 
Դ praef3s  [] praef3roĹȥִ [ڡ֮ǰ˵] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
f3o} [to speak] * see  bh3- 2
f3o} [] *μ bh3- 2
?
prefacer
n.ʣ

= =
prefer
pre.fer
AHD:[pr1-f?r] 
D.J.[pr!6fT8]
K.K.[pr!6fP]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pre.ferred,pre.fer.ring,pre.fers 
To choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value:
ϲΪĻмֵĶѡϰѡ񡭣
prefers coffee to tea.
ϲʤڲ
Law 
ɡ 
To give priority or precedence to (a creditor).
ȳ裨ծȨˣȨ
To file, prosecute, or offer for consideration or resolution before a magistrate, court, or other legal authority:
ظ棩ط١Ժɻ롢ظõǻ
preferred the suit in a higher court.
һԺ
Archaic To recommend for advancement or appointment; promote.
 ƼƼְ
?
Middle English preferren 
йӢ preferren 
from Old French preferer 
Դ ŷ preferer 
from Latin praeferre 
Դ  praeferre 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
preferrer
n.ʣ

= =
preferable
pref.er.a.ble
AHD:[prfr--bl, prfr-] 
D.J.[6pref*r*b*l, 6prefr*-]
K.K.[6prWf*r*b*l, 6prWfr*-]
adj.ݴʣ
More desirable or worthy than another; preferred:
ƫģһмֵģƫģ
Coffee is preferable to tea, I think.
ΪȱȲ
?
preferability  
preferableness
n.ʣ
preferably
adv.ʣ

= =
preference
pref.er.ence
AHD:[prfr-ns, prfrns] 
D.J.[6pref*r*ns, 6prefr*ns]
K.K.[6prWf*r*ns, 6prWfr*ns]
n.Abbr. pref.ʣд pref.
The selecting of someone or something over another or others.
ѡĳ˻ĳһѡ
The right or chance to so choose.
ѡȨѡȨ
Someone or something so chosen.See Synonyms at choice 
ѡѡ˻μ choice
The state of being preferred.
ƫƫ״̬
Law 
ɡ 
A priority of payment given to one or more creditors by an insolvent debtor.
ȳƲծ˸һծȨ˵ȳ
The right of a creditor to priority of payment.
ܳȨծȨ˵õȳȨ
The granting of precedence or advantage to one country or group of countries in levying duties or in other matters of international trade.
Żݣڹ˰ó׵ϸһһҼŵȨ
?
Middle English preferraunce [preferment] 
йӢ preferraunce [] 
from Old French preference 
Դ ŷ preference 
from preferer [to prefer] * see  prefer 
Դ preferer [ƫ] *μ prefer

= =
pregnant
pregnant 1
AHD:[prgnnt] 
D.J.[6pregn*nt]
K.K.[6prWgn*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Carrying developing offspring within the body.
еģڻŵĺ
Weighty or significant; full of meaning:
ζģзĻشģζģ
a conversation occasionally punctuated by pregnant pauses.
ζͣٵ̸
Of great or potentially great import, implication, or moment:
ҪģشĻǱشҪԡӰʱ̣
It was a politically pregnant time in Poland(New York)
ǲϼΪҪʱ̡(ŦԼ)
Filled or fraught; replete:
ģֵģ
This was, from the Party's point of view, both deplorable in itself and pregnant with danger for the future(Robert Conquest)
ӵ˵ⲻҲҶҶδҲΣա(޲ء˹)
Having a profusion of ideas; creative or inventive.
ģкܶģԵĻд
Producing results; fruitful:
ģڳɹģ
a pregnant decision.
ɹľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praegn3s  praegnant- 
Դ  praegn3s  praegnant- 
variant of praegn3s * see  gen- 
 praegn3 *μ gen- 
?
pregnantly
adv.ʣ
?
pregnant
pregnant 2
AHD:[prgnnt] 
D.J.[6pregn*nt]
K.K.[6prWgn*nt]
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Convincing; cogent. Used of an argument or a proof.
ŷģŷģġ۾ݻ֤
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Old French preignant [present participle of] prembre [to press] 
Դ ŷ preignant  [] prembreڷִ [ǿ] 
from Latin premere * see  per- 4
Դ  premere *μ per- 4

= =
prejudice
prej.u.dice
AHD:[prj-d1s] 
D.J.[6pred9*d!s]
K.K.[6prWd9*d!s]
n.ʣ
An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.See Synonyms at predilection 
ƫδ˽ʵԤγɵķжϻ򿴷μ predilection
A preconceived preference or idea.
ɼԤȵİû
The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.
ƫǰзжϻΪ״̬
Irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion.
ӣضȺ塢ڽ̵ķԵĻɻ
Detriment or injury caused to a person by the preconceived, unfavorable conviction of another or others.
˺˱мȳɶеɵ𺦻˺
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prej.u.diced,prej.u.dic.ing,prej.u.dic.es 
To cause (someone) to judge prematurely and irrationally.
ʹ֮ʹĳˣͷԵж
To affect injuriously or detrimentally by a judgment or an act.See Synonyms at bias 
𺦣жϻΪԻ˺ԵӰμ bias
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praei?m 
Դ  praei?m 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
i?m [judgment]  from i?x  i?dic- [judge] * see  deik- 
i?m [ж]  Դ i?x  i?dic- [ж] *μ deik- 

= =
preliminary
pre.lim.i.nar.y
AHD:[pr1-l1m-nr?] 
D.J.[pr!6l!m*7neri8]
K.K.[pr!6l!m*7nWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business; introductory or prefatory.
ͷģģҪ¼жҵĻΪ׼ģԤԵĻǰ
n.ʣ
 pre.lim.i.nar.ies 
Something that precedes, prepares for, or introduces the main matter, action, or business.
ˣڡ׼Ҫ¼жҵ
An academic test or examination that is preparatory to one that is longer, more complex, or more important.
ԣΪӻҪĿԶеԤѧԻ
Sports A contest to determine the finalists in a competition.
˶ һоߵľ
Sports An event that precedes the main event of a particular program, especially in boxing or wrestling.
˶ ԤضҪĿľָȭˤ
Often preliminaries Printing The front matter of a book.
  preliminaries ӡˢ ǰԣĿͷ
?
From New Latin praelo3ris} 
Դ ִ praelo3ris} 
Latin prae- [pre-] 
 prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
Latin lon  lomin- [threshold] 
 lon  lomin- [ڣ] 
?
preliminarily
AHD:[-nar-l?] ʣ
?
preliminary,introductory,prefatory,preparatory
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is going before and preparing the way for something else: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡ֮ǰΪ·ġ 
a preliminary investigation;
ȵ飻
introductory remarks;
ԣ
an author's prefatory notes;
ߵע⣻
 preparatory steps. 
Ԥ 

= =
premature
pre.ma.ture
AHD:[pr?m-ty?r, -t?r, -ch?r] 
D.J.[7pri8m*6tj&*, -6t&*, -6t.&*]
K.K.[7prim*6tj&r, -6t&r, -6t.&r]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring, growing, or existing before the customary, correct, or assigned time; uncommonly or unexpectedly early:
ģͨġȷĻָʱģ쳣ϵ磺
a premature end.
Ľ
Born after a gestation period of less than the normal time:
ģڶʱںģ
a premature infant.
Ӥ
?
Middle English [ripe] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin praem3?rus} [ripe too early] 
Դ  praem3?rus} [̫] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
m3?rus} [ripe] * see  m3- 1
m3?rus} [] *μ m3- 1
?
prematurely
adv.ʣ
prematureness  
prematurity
n.ʣ

= =
premier
pre.mier
AHD:[pr1-m?r, -my?r, pr?m?r] 
D.J.[pr!6m!*, -6mj!*, 6pri8m!*]
K.K.[pr!6m!r, -6mj!r, 6prim!r]
adj.ݴʣ
First in status or importance; principal or chief:
ҪģڵλҪλӵһģҪĻҪģ
an architect of premier rank.
ҪλĽʦ
First to occur or exist; earliest.
ģȵģȷڵģ
n.ʣ
AHD:[pr1-m?r] 
A prime minister.

A chief administrative officer, as of a Canadian province.
ôʡݵҪԱ
?
Middle English primier 
йӢ primier 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pro3rius} 
Դ  pro3rius} 
from pros [first] * see  per 1
Դ pros [һλ] *μ per 1
?
premiership
n.ʣ

= =
premise
prem.ise
AHD:[prm1s] 
D.J.[6prem!s]
K.K.[6prWm!s]
n.also ʣ Ҳ 
premiss
AHD:[prm1s] 
A proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn.
ǰ᣺Ϊ۾ݻɴеó۵
Logic 
߼ѧ 
One of the propositions in a deductive argument.
ǰ᣺֤е֮һ
Either the major or the minor proposition of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn.
еģǰ᣺еó۵ҪҪ
premises Law The preliminary or explanatory statements or facts of a document, as in a deed.
 premises ɡ ǰʵԼԵе׼ԻԳʵԼеĳʵ
premises 
 premises 
Land and the buildings on it.
ݼػؼϵĽ
A building or part of a building.
һ
v.ʣ
prem.ised,prem.is.ing,prem.is.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To state in advance as an introduction or explanation.
ԤΪԻͶǰ
To state or assume as a proposition in an argument.
裬Ԥ⣺֤Ϊһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a premise.
ԤԤǰ
?
Middle English premisse 
йӢ premisse 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin praemissa (propositi?) [(the proposition) put before, premise] 
Դ  praemissa (propositi?) [ڡǰģ⣩ǰ] 
from Latin [feminine past participle of] praemittere [to set in front] 
Դ   [] praemittereԹȥִ [ǰ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 
?
Why do we call a single buildingthe premises ? To answer this question,we must go back to the Middle Ages.But first, let it be noted thatpremises  comes from the past participle 
praemissa,  which is both a feminine singular and a neuter plural form of the Latin verbpraemittere,  to send in advance, utter by way of preface, place in front, prefix. In Medieval 
Latin the feminine formpraemissa  was used as a term in logic, for which we still use the termpremise  descended from the Medieval Latin word  (first recorded in a work composed 
before 1380).Medieval Latinpraemissa  in the plural meant things mentioned before and was used in legal documents, almost always in the plural,a use that was followed in Old 
French and Middle English, both of which borrowed the word from Latin.A more specific legal sense in Middle English,that property, collectively, which is specified in the beginning of 
a legal document and which is conveyed, as by grant,was also always in the plural in Middle English and later Modern English.And so it remained when this sense was extended to 
mean a house or building with its grounds or appurtenances,a usage first recorded before 1730.
ΪʲôǰѵһΪthe premises  Ϊ˻ش⣬Ǳص͡ȱעpremises Ǵӹȥʽ praemissa ģ ˼ΪԤȷ,
ǰԵķʽ˵ǰߣǰ׺praemittere ԵʽԸʽ Уpraemissa Ϊʽ߼״ Ȼʹ
Դpremise  һμ1380ǰƷУpraemissa ĸʽΪǰᵽ ڷļԸʽ
֣ŷйӢжнʼ÷йӢһָķɷ壬ļͷָתõĲƲͨ͡,Ӣ
ִӢҲԸʽʹá˵˼չΪͬؼʩһӻһʱԱһ÷÷1730ǰ

= =
premium
pre.mi.um
AHD:[pr?m?-m] 
D.J.[6pri8mi8*m]
K.K.[6primi*m]
n.Abbr. pm.,prem.ʣд pm.,prem.
A prize or an award.
Ʒ
Something offered free or at a reduced price as an inducement to buy something else.
ƷΪ̼Ʒͻ۵Ķ
A sum of money or bonus paid in addition to a regular price, salary, or other amount.
𣺳ļ۸񡢹ʻĿӵһǮ򽱽
The amount paid, often in addition to the interest, to obtain a loan.See Synonyms at bonus 
ԳΪ˵õϢӸǮμ bonus
The amount paid or payable, often in installments, for an insurance policy.
սΪյ֧ͨǮ
The amount at which something is valued above its par or nominal value, as money or securities.
ۣĳڱ׼ۻƱ۵ļֵǮ֤ȯ
The amount at which a securities option is bought or sold.
ȹۣ֤ȯȹȨ۸
Payment for training in a trade or profession.
ѧѣΪҵְҵѵı
An unusual or high value:
ͬѰĻܸߵļֵ
Employers put a premium on honesty and hard work.
ǺӳʵڷܵĹ
adj.ݴʣ
Of superior quality or value:
ż۸ߵģֵߵģ
premium gasoline.
ż۸ߵ
?
at a premium
More valuable than usual, as from scarcity:
ǳģϡȱѰΪмֵģ
Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.
ˮⱻȾ֮ˮϡ
?
Latin praemium [inducement, reward] 
 praemium [գ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
emere [to take, buy] * see  em- 
emere [ã] *μ em- 

= =
preparation
prep.a.ra.tion
AHD:[prp-r3shn] 
D.J.[7prep*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7prWp*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. prep.,prepn.ʣд prep.,prepn.
The act or process of preparing.
׼׼Ϊ
The state of having been made ready beforehand; readiness.
׼Ԥ׼״̬׼
A preliminary measure that serves to make ready for something. Often used in the plural:
׼׼ĳµԤʩøʽ
preparations for the wedding.
׼
A substance, such as a medicine, prepared for a particular purpose.
ƷΪضĿ׼ʣҩƷ
Music 
֡ 
The anticipation of a dissonant tone by means of its introduction as a consonant tone in the preceding chord.
׼гΪгǰһԴ͸òг
The dissonant tone so anticipated.
׼

= =
prepare
pre.pare
AHD:[pr1-par] 
D.J.[pr!6pe*]
K.K.[pr!6pWr]
v.ʣ
pre.pared,pre.par.ing,pre.pares д prep.
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make ready beforehand for a specific purpose, as for an event or occasion:
׼ԤΪضĿ׼Ϊĳ»ĳֳϣ
The teacher prepared the students for the exams.
ʦѧΪ׼
To put together or make by combining various elements or ingredients; manufacture or compound:
һѸֳɷֻԪػһƳɣϳɣ
prepared a meal; prepared the lecture.
ˣдݸ
To fit out; equip:
ףװ
prepared the ship for an arctic expedition.
װ̽յĴֻ
Music To lead up to and soften (a dissonance or its impact) by means of preparation.
֡ ͨ׼벢ͣг
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make things or oneself ready.
׼ʹԼ׼
To study or complete a course of study at a preparatory school.
ԤѧУѧϰѧϰԤѧУĿγ
?
Middle English preparen 
йӢ preparen 
from Old French preparer 
Դ ŷ preparer 
from Latin praepar3e 
Դ  praepar3e 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
par3e [prepare, equip] * see  per- 1
par3e [׼װ] *μ per- 1
?
preparedly
AHD:[-par1d-l?] ʣ
preparer
n.ʣ

= =
preposition
preposition 1
AHD:[prp-z1shn] 
D.J.[7prep*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7prWp*6z!.*n]
n.Abbr. prep.Grammar ʣд prep.﷨ 
In some languages, a word placed before a substantive and indicating the relation of that substantive to a verb, an adjective, or another substantive, as Englishat, by, in, to, from,  and 
with.  
ʣһЩзһʵǰڱʾһʵ붯ʡݴʻһʵʵĹϵӢеat, by, in, to, from  with  
A word or construction similar in function to a preposition, such asin regard to  or concerning.  
ǰôʣڽʵĴʻṹ in regard to   concerning  
?
Middle English preposicioun 
йӢ preposicioun 
from Old French preposicion 
Դ ŷ preposicion 
from Latin praepositi?}  praepositi?n- [a putting before, preposition]  translation of Greek prothesis 
Դ  praepositi?}  praepositi?n- [ǰã]   ϣ prothesisķ 
from praepositus [past participle of] praep?nere [to put in front] 
Դ praepositus  [] praep?nereĹȥִ [ǰ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
The doctrine that a preposition may not be used to end a sentence was first promulgated by Dryden, probably on the basis of a specious analogy to Latin,and was subsequently refined 
by 18th-century grammarians.The rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims of schoolroom grammatical lore.But sentences ending with prepositions can be found in the 
works of most of the great writers since the Renaissance.In fact, English syntax allows and sometimes requires final placement of the preposition.Such placement is the only possible 
one in sentencessuch asWe have much to be thankful for  or That depends on what you believe in.  Efforts to rewrite such sentencesto place the preposition elsewhere will have 
comically stilted results;for example:We have much for which to be thankful  or That depends on that in which you believe.   Even sticklers for the traditional rule can have no grounds 
for criticizing sentencessuch asI don't know where she will end up  or It's the most curious book I've ever run across.  In these examples,up  and across  are used as adverbs, not 
prepositions, as demonstrated by the ungrammaticality of sentencessuch asI don't know up where she will end  and  It's the most curious book across which I have ever run.  
ʲһɵٿܻһǶǵȶģ18﷨ѧҼԸĥӴһΪѧУ﷨
ԣýʽβľӿոҵƷҵʵϣӢ䷨ʱҪѽʷַáֻов
ΨһܵģWe have much to be thankful for  That depends on what you believe in  Ҫд־ӣѽʷڱĻЧ:We have much for which 
to be thankful  That depends on that in which you believe   ʹЩڴͳҲҲȥľӣI don't know where she will end up  It's the most 
curious book I've ever run across  Щup  across ʣ ¾еΥ﷨ʾǽʣI don't know up where she will end    It's 
the most curious book across which I have ever run  
?
preposition
preposition 2Ҳ pre-po.si.tion
AHD:[pr?p-z1shn] 
D.J.[7pri8p*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7prip*6z!.*n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pre.po.si.tioned,pre.po.si.tion.ing,pre.po.si.tions 
To position or place in position in advance:
Ԥȶλã
artillery that was prepositioned at strategic points in the desert.
ԤȷɳĮսҪ㴦ľ

= =
prescribe
pre.scribe
AHD:[pr1-skrob] 
D.J.[pr!6skra!b]
K.K.[pr!6skra!b]
v.ʣ
pre.scribed,pre.scrib.ing,pre.scribes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin.See Synonyms at dictate 
ָ涨Ϊָʾȷμ dictate
To order the use of (a medicine or other treatment).
涨ĳҩƷ÷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To establish rules, laws, or directions.
涨ɻָʾ
To order a medicine or other treatment.
ҽ
Law 
ɡ 
To assert a right or title to something on the grounds of prescription.
򷨶ȡȨ
To become invalidated or unenforceable by the process of prescription.
򷨶ɥʧȨ򲻿ִ
?
Middle English prescriben 
йӢ prescriben 
from Latin praescroe 
Դ  praescroe 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
scroe [to write] * see  skrobh- 
scroe [д] *μ skrobh- 
?
prescriber
n.ʣ

= =
prescription
pre.scrip.tion
AHD:[pr1-skr1pshn] 
D.J.[pr!6skr!p.*n]
K.K.[pr!6skr!p.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of establishing official rules, laws, or directions.
ٷ򣬷ɻָʾΪ
Something prescribed as a rule.
Ϊ涨Ķ
A written order, especially by a physician, for the preparation and administration of a medicine or other treatment.
ҩָҽҪҩƷƷָʾ
A prescribed medicine or other treatment.
ϵҩƷ
An ophthalmologist's or optometrist's written instruction, as for the grinding of corrective lenses.
ۿҽдĴۿҽʦָʾΪĥƺʵľƬⵥ
A formula directing the preparation of something.
ָʾ涨ĳҩ䷽
Law The process of acquiring title to property by reason of uninterrupted possession of specified duration.Also called  positive prescription 
ɡ òƲȨĳĳضʱòƲȨĳҲ  positive prescription
Law The limitation of time beyond which an action, a debt, or a crime is no longer valid or enforceable.Also called  negative prescription 
ɡ ׷ޣһʱƣʱһжծЧٿʵʩҲ  negative prescription
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
a prescription drug; a prescription pad.
ҩҽ޵
?
Middle English prescripcion [establishment of a claim] 
йӢ prescripcion [Ҫ] 
from Old French prescription 
Դ ŷ prescription 
from Medieval Latin praescro?}  praescropti?n- 
Դ  praescro?}  praescropti?n- 
from Latin [introduction, precept] 
Դ  [ԣ] 
from praescros [past participle of] praescrobere [to order] * see  prescribe 
Դ praescros  [] praescrobereĹȥִ [] *μ prescribe

= =
presence
pres.ence
AHD:[przns] 
D.J.[6prez*ns]
K.K.[6prWz*ns]
n.ʣ
The state or fact of being present; current existence or occurrence.
ϯڣϯ״̬ʵʵڻ
Immediate proximity in time or space.
ʱٽ
The area immediately surrounding a great personage, especially a sovereign.
ΰΧָ
A person who is present.
ڳ
A person's bearing, especially when it commands respectful attention:
ֹ˾ָֹ𾴵ģ
He continues to possess the presence, mental as well as physical, of the young man(Brendan Gill)See Synonyms at bearing 
ھϺϼ˵ʡ(׵)μ bearing
The quality of self-assurance and effectiveness that permits a performer to achieve a rapport with the audience:
ԱıݷȣԱеźĿʹ֮Ǣ
stage presence.
̨
A supernatural influence felt to be nearby.
꣬飺еڸĳȻ
The diplomatic, political, or military influence of a nation in a foreign country, especially as evidenced by the posting of its diplomats or its troops there:
ĳ⽻λʵָίɵǵ⽻ٺפʾģ
The American diplomatic presence in London began in 1785 when John Adams became our first minister(Nancy Holmes)
1785Լǵ˹Ϊǵһιʹ׶صʼˡ(ϣķ˹)

= =
present
present 1
AHD:[prznt] 
D.J.[6prez*nt]
K.K.[6prWz*nt]
n.ʣ
A moment or period in time perceptible as intermediate between past and future; now.
ڣĿǰڹȥͽ֮ɸܵΪɵʱΣ
Abbr. pres.,pr.Grammar 
д pres.,pr.﷨ 
The present tense.
ʱ̬
A verb form in the present tense.
ʱ̬Ķʽ
presents Law The document or instrument in question:
 presents ɡ ļ̸۵ļ飺
Be it known by these presents.
ԸЩļ
adj.ݴʣ
Existing or happening now; current:
ڵģĿǰģڴڵĻģĿǰģ
the present leader; present trends.
쵼Ŀǰĳ
Being at hand or in attendance:
ǰģʱֱߵĻϯģ
Thirty guests were present at the ceremony.
ʮλ˳ϯε
Existing in something specified:
ڵģĳضڵģ
Oxygen is present in the bloodstream.
Ѫ
Now being considered; actually here or involved:
ǰģڱǵģȷʵڻǣеģ
the present subject; present company excepted.
ڿǵ⣻˾
Abbr. pres.,pr.Grammar Designating a verb tense or form that expresses current time.
д pres.,pr.﷨ ʱ̬ģָɱĿǰĶʱ̬ʽ
Archaic Readily available; immediate.
 Ͽõģ̵
Obsolete Alert to circumstances; attentive.
 Χеģĵ
?
at present
At the present time; right now.
ڵģϵ
for the present
For the time being; temporarily.
ʱģĿǰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praes?s  praesent- [present participle of] praeesse [to be present] 
Դ  praes?s  praesent-  [] praeesseڷִ [ϯ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
esse [to be] * see  es- 
esse [] *μ es- 
?
presentness
n.ʣ
?
present
present 2
AHD:[pr1-znt] 
D.J.[pr!6zent]
K.K.[pr!6zWnt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pre.sent.ed,pre.sent.ing,pre.sents 
To introduce, especially with formal ceremony.
ܣָʽ
To introduce (a young woman) to society with conventional ceremony.
ôͳǽܣ긾Ů罻
To bring before the public:
ǰ
present a play.
һϷ
To make a gift or an award of.
ͻ
To make a gift to.

To offer for observation, examination, or consideration; show or display.See Synonyms at offer 
ʾ֣ṩΪ۲죬ǣʾֲμ offer
To salute with (a weapon, such as a rifle or saber).
⣨粽ǹ;
Ecclesiastical To recommend (a cleric) for a benefice.
̻᡿ ƼԤʿʥְ
Law 
ɡ 
To offer to a legislature or court for consideration.
飺Ժ
To bring a charge or an indictment against.
ߣ
n.ʣ 
present
AHD:[prznt] 
Something presented; a gift.
Ʒ
?
Middle English presenten 
йӢ presenten 
from Old French presenter 
Դ ŷ presenter 
from Latin present3e [to show] 
Դ  present3e [ʾ] 
from praes?s  praesent- [present participle of] praeesse [to be in front of] * see  present 1
Դ praes?s  praesent-  [] praeesseڷִ [ڡǰ] *μ present1
?
presenter
n.ʣ

= =
presentation
pres.en.ta.tion
AHD:[przn-t3shn, pr?zn-] 
D.J.[7prez*n6te!.*n, 7pri8z*n-]
K.K.[7prWz*n6te.*n, 7priz*n-]
n.ʣ
The act of presenting.
ʾʾĶ
The state of being presented.
֣ʾ״̬
A performance, as of a drama.
ݣݳϷ
Something, such as an award or a gift, that is offered or given.
͵Ķ罱Ʒ
Something, such as a lecture or speech, that is set forth for an audience:
Ϊ׼Ķ署ݽ
gave a presentation on drug abuse.
ڶƷĽ
A formal introduction.
ʽĽܣ
A social debut.
״ν罻磬״ݳ
Ecclesiastical The act or right of naming a cleric to a benefice.
̻᡿ ʥְģƼԤʿʥְȨΪ
The process of offering for consideration or display.
ṩԹǻչĹ
Medicine The position of the fetus in the uterus at birth with respect to the mouth of the uterus.
ҽѧ λ̥¶λãʱ̥ӹӹڵλ
?
presentational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
presently
pres.ent.ly
AHD:[prznt-l?] 
D.J.[6prez*ntli8]
K.K.[6prWz*ntli]
adv.ʣ
In a short time; soon:
ãһ
She will arrive presently.
һ͵
Usage Problem At this time or period; now:
÷ѡ ڣĿǰ
He is presently staying with us.
Ǵһ
Archaic At once; immediately.
 
?
An original meaning ofpresently  was at the present time; currently. That sense is said to have disappeared from the literary language in the 17th century,but it has survived in 
popular usage and is widely found nowadays in literate speech and writing.Still, there is a lingering prejudice against this use.In the most recent surveythe sentenceGeneral Walters is 
. . . presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations  was acceptable to exactly 50 percent of the Usage Panel. 
presenthy һԭʼΪڣĿǰ ˵17ʱѧʧڴ÷Ծɴڲֽ㷺ܹ˵Ŀͷ֮УȻ
һ÷ĳɼȻڡĵлʿڹפϹʹ 仰Ľڴ÷СΪٷ֮ʮ 

= =
preserve
pre.serve
AHD:[pr1-z?rv] 
D.J.[pr!6zT8v]
K.K.[pr!6zPv]
v.ʣ
pre.served,pre.serv.ing,pre.serves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm; protect.
ʹ𺦣Σջ˺ڰȫУ
To keep in perfect or unaltered condition; maintain unchanged.
棺ִƻ򲻱״Уάֲ
To keep or maintain intact:
֣֣άȱģ
tried to preserve family harmony.See Synonyms at defend 
Ŭάּͥμ defend
To prepare (food) for future use, as by canning or salting.
ʳ׼ʳƷԱʹãùװƵķ
To prevent (organic bodies) from decaying or spoiling.
ʹ壩ⸯܻ򸯻
To keep or protect (game or fish) for one's private hunting or fishing.
ԣֻ򱣻㣩Էֹ˽˲Ի򲶵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To treat fruit or other foods so as to prevent decay.
ʳӹˮʳƷԷ
To maintain a private area stocked with game or fish.
ԣάĳһ˽
n.ʣ
Something that acts to preserve; a preservative.
ڱʣ
Often preserves Fruit cooked with sugar to protect against decay or fermentation.
  preserves ۽Ϊⸯ򷢽Ͷˮ
An area maintained for the protection of wildlife or natural resources.
ҰﱣΪҰȻԴĵ
Something considered as being the exclusive province of certain persons:
ר򣺱ΪĳЩ˶ռĶ
Ancient Greek is the preserve of scholars.
ϣѧߵĶռ
?
Middle English preserven 
йӢ preserven 
from Old French preserver 
Դ ŷ preserver 
from Medieval Latin praeserv3e 
Դ  praeserv3e 
from Late Latin [to observe beforehand] 
Դ  [Ԥȷ] 
Latin prae- [pre-] 
 prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
Latin serv3e [to guard, preserve] * see  ser- 1
 serv3e [] *μ ser- 1
?
preservability
n.ʣ
preservable
adj.ݴʣ
preservation
AHD:[przr-v3shn] ʣ
preserver
n.ʣ

= =
preside
pre.side
AHD:[pr1-zod] 
D.J.[pr!6za!d]
K.K.[pr!6za!d]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pre.sid.ed,pre.sid.ing,pre.sides 
To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president.
֣ܣռݵȨĵλΪϯܹ
To possess or exercise authority or control.
ƹܣϽӵȨʵʩȨ
Music To be the featured instrumental performer:
֡ ࣺ࣬ߣ
presided at the keyboard.

?
French prsider 
 prsider 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praesid?e 
Դ  praesid?e 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
sed?e [to sit] * see  sed- 
sed?e [] *μ sed- 
?
presider
n.ʣ

= =
president
pres.i.dent
AHD:[prz1-dnt, -dnt] 
D.J.[6prez!d*nt, -7dent]
K.K.[6prWz!d*nt, -7dWnt]
n.Abbr. pres.,Pres.,p.,P.ʣд pres.,Pres.,p.,P.
One appointed or elected to preside over an organized body of people, such as an assembly or a meeting.
ˣϯѡΪĳһ֯ĸˣ缯
Often President The chief executive of a republic.
  President ͳ͹
President The chief executive of the United States, serving as both chief of state and chief political executive.
 President ͳڹͳͬʱΪԪ׺
The chief officer of a branch of government, a corporation, a board of trustees, a university, or a similar body.
ˣء˾»ᡢѧУ֯ĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praesid?s  praesident- [from present participle of] praesid?re [to preside] * see  preside 
Դ  praesid?s  praesident-  [] Դpraesid?reڷִ [] *μ preside
?
presidentship
n.ʣ

= =
press
press 1
AHD:[prs] 
D.J.[pres]
K.K.[prWs]
v.ʣ
pressed,press.ing,press.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exert steady weight or force against; bear down on.
ѹԡʩӳڡϰ
To squeeze the juice or other contents from.
ѹӡаѹ֭ѹե
To extract (juice, for example) by squeezing or compressing.
եȡüѹѹեķȡ֭
To reshape or make compact by applying steady force; compress.
ѹʩӳʹ³λѹѹ
To iron (clothing, for example).
٣·
To clasp in fondness or politeness.
ӵʾϲò
To try to influence, as by insistent arguments; importune or entreat.
ش٣ͼӰ죬üֵĹ۵Ӱ죻
To urge or force to action; impel.
ȣĶǿжƶ
To place in trying or distressing circumstances; harass or oppress.See Synonyms at urge 
ʹʹڼѻʹľأʹջʹμ urge
To move (keys on a computer keyboard, for example) by applying pressure.
ʹʩѹƶϵļ
To lay stress on; emphasize.
أǿڡϣǿ
To advance or carry on vigorously:
лִУ
Far from backing down, he pressed the attack(Justin Kaplan)
ǵùģж(ʿ)
To put forward importunately or insistently.
֣лֵ
To make (a phonograph record or videodisk) from a mold or matrix.
ư棺ģͻģ죨Ƭ¼Ƭ
Sports To lift (a weight) to a position above the head without moving the legs.
˶ ƾ٣ƶȰѣ壩ͷϷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert force or pressure.
ѹѹ
To weigh heavily, as on the mind.
ظ˼
To advance eagerly; push forward.
飻Ҫ
To require haste; be urgent.
߱ƣҪٵģ
To iron clothes or other material.
٣ƽѹ·Ʒ
To assemble closely and in large numbers; crowd.
һѣҴؾۼһӵ
To employ urgent persuasion or entreaty.
ȰеȰ
Sports To raise or lift a weight in a press.
˶ ƾٵĶ
Basketball To employ a press.
 ȶ
n.ʣ
Any of various machines or devices that apply pressure.
ѹեһʹѹĻ豸
Any of various machines used for printing; a printing press.
ӡˢһӡˢĻӡˢ
A place or an establishment where matter is printed.
ӡˢƷӡˢĵط
The art, method, or business of printing.
ӡˢҵӡˢƷӡˢӡˢҵ
The collecting and publishing or broadcasting of news; journalism in general.
ҵŵռͣҵܳ
The entirety of media and agencies that collect, publish, transmit, or broadcast the news.
Ž磺ռ棬ŵýͻܳ
The people involved in the media, as news reporters, photographers, publishers, and broadcasters.
ԱýҵˣżߣӰߣ˼㲥Ա
Commentary or coverage especially in newspapers or periodicals:
ֽۣڿۻ򱨵
Like the pool hall and the tattoo parlor, the motorcycle usually gets a bad press(R.Z. Sheppard)
̨ͬ򷿺Ժ۶ĦгҲûʲôû(R.Z.лõ)
The act of gathering in large numbers or of pushing forward.
ӿӵۼһǰƼΪ
A large gathering; a throng.See Synonyms at crowd 1
ȺһȺˣȺμ crowd1
The act of applying pressure.
ѹʩѹΪ
The state of being pressed.
ѹ״̬
The haste or urgency of business or matters.
̬ȣļٻ
The set of proper creases in a garment or fabric, formed by ironing.
̵ߡƣ̵ķγɵ·ϵʵߡ
Chiefly Northeastern U.S. An upright closet or case used for storing clothing, books, or other articles.
 ·Ʒֱڳ
A viselike device for keeping a racket from warping.
ļУǯ״ķֹεװ
Sports A lift in weightlifting in which the weight is raised to shoulder level and then steadily pushed straight overhead without movement of the legs.
˶ ƾ٣ھиȱƽȻڲƶȵ°ٵͷƾ
Basketball An aggressive defense tactic in which players guard opponents closely, often over the entire court.
 ƶͷزԣȫѡзضԷ
?
press the fleshʽ
To shake hands and mingle with many people, especially while campaigning for public office.
ӵֲ˻һָھѡְʱ
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Middle English pressen 
йӢ pressen 
from Old French presser 
Դ ŷ presser 
from Latin press3e [frequentative of] premere [to press] * see  per- 4
Դ  press3e  [] premereظ [ѹ] *μ per- 4
?
press
press 2
AHD:[prs] 
D.J.[pres]
K.K.[prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pressed,press.ing,press.es 
To force into service in the army or navy; impress.
ǿ뺣ǿȷ
To take arbitrarily or by force, especially for public use.
ãȡǿãָΪ˹õĿ
To use in a manner different from the usual or intended, especially in an emergency.
ʱʹãƽƻвͬãָڽ״
n.ʣ
Conscription or impressment into service, especially into the army or navy.
ǿǿָ½򺣾
Obsolete An official warrant for impressing men into military service.
 ǿǿĹٷļ
?
Alteration of obsolete prest [to hire for military service by advance payment] 
  prestı仯 [ԤȸķӶ] 
from Middle English [enlistment money, loan] 
Դ йӢ [裬] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from prester [to lend] 
Դ prester [] 
from Medieval Latin praest3e 
Դ  praest3e 
from Latin [to furnish] 
Դ  [װ] 
from praest?} [present, at hand] 
Դ praest?} [ֽ񣬼] 

= =
pressure
pres.sure
AHD:[prshr] 
D.J.[6pre.*]
K.K.[6prW.+]
n.ʣ
The act of pressing.
ѹեѹեȵĶ
The condition of being pressed.
ѹ״̬
The application of continuous force by one body on another that it is touching; compression.
ѹѹӴУһһѹѹ
Abbr. PPhysics Force applied uniformly over a surface, measured as force per unit of area.
д Pѧ ѹѹǿͳһÿһλϵѹ
Meteorology Atmospheric pressure.
ѧ ѹ
A compelling or constraining influence, such as a moral force, on the mind or will:
ѹ˼ϻԸǿԻѹԵӰ죬
pressure to conform; peer-group pressure.
ҪӦѹͬһѹ
Urgent claim or demand:
ѹеҪ
under the pressure of business; doesn't work well under pressure.
ϵѹѹ֮²ܺܺõع
An oppressive condition of physical, mental, social, or economic distress.
ţϣϣ罻ϻ򾭼ʹʶѹĴ
A physical sensation produced by compression of a part of the body.
ѹȸУĳһѹȶϵĸо
Archaic A mark made by application of force or weight; an impression.
 ӡӡǣµļǺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pres.sured,pres.sur.ing,pres.sures 
To force, as by overpowering influence or persuasion.
ʹѹһеӰ˵
To pressurize.
ѹ
To pressure-cook.
øѹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin press?a 
Դ  press?a 
from pressus [past participle of] premere [to press] * see  per- 4
Դ pressus  [] premereĹȥִ [ѹ] *μ per- 4

= =
prestige
pres.tige
AHD:[pr-st?zh, -st?j] 
D.J.[pre6sti89, -6sti8d9]
K.K.[prW6sti9, -6stid9]
n.ʣ
The level of respect at which one is regarded by others; standing.
𾴵ĳ̶ȣݣ
A person's high standing among others; honor or esteem.
еĳػ
Widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance:
Ӱģõ㷺ϵ׿ԽǷҪ
a position of prestige in diplomatic circles.
⽻Ҫһϯ֮
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
a prestige address; the prestige groups in society.
˵еȦ
?
French [illusion] 
 [] 
from Latin praestoe [tricks] 
Դ  praestoe [Ϸ] 
probably alteration of *praestroe 
Ϊ *praestro 
from praestringere [to touch, blunt, blind] 
Դ praestringere [ʹٶۣʹĿѣ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
stringere [to draw tight] * see  streig- 
stringere [] *μ streig- 

= =
presume
pre.sume
AHD:[pr1-z?m] 
D.J.[pr!6zu8m]
K.K.[pr!6zum]
v.ʣ
pre.sumed,pre.sum.ing,pre.sumes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary.
Ʋ⣬ٶû֤֤෴뵱Ȼȷ
To give reasonable evidence for assuming; appear to prove.
϶Ϊ֤ݣƺ֤
To venture without authority or permission; dare:
ðԣûȨûõðյð
He presumed to invite himself to dinner.
ǰԷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act overconfidently; take liberties.
£ŵж
To take unwarranted advantage of something; go beyond the proper limits:
ããǷĳʵޣ
Don't presume on their hospitality.
Ҫǵÿ
To take for granted that something is true or factual; suppose:
룬ţȻ϶ĳĻȷģ룺
That's the new assistant, I presume.
Ǿ
?
Middle English presumen 
йӢ presumen 
from Old French presumer 
Դ ŷ presumer 
from Late Latin praes?e 
Դ  praes?e 
from Latin [to anticipate] 
Դ  [Ԥ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
s?e [to take] * see  em- 
s?e [ãȡ] *μ em- 
?
presumedly
AHD:[-z?m1d-l?] ʣ
presumer
n.ʣ
?
presume,presuppose,postulate,posit,assume
These verbs signify to take something for granted or as being a fact.Topresume  is to suppose that something is reasonable, justifiable, sound, or possible in the absence of proof to 
the contrary:  
ЩʶʾΪĳȻĻ϶ĳʵPresume ָû֤ݱ෴϶ĳǺģ޿ɷģĻǿܵģ  
I presume you're tired after the long ride (Edith Wharton). 
;к϶ˡ ˿٣ 
We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets.
ǲƶû
Presuppose  can mean merely to believe or suppose in advance;it can also mean to require as an antecedent condition: 
Presuppose  ɽָŻԤȼ裻ҲָҪһȾ 
It is unrealistic to presuppose a sophisticated knowledge of harmony and counterpoint in a beginning music student.
Ҫһѧ˾кѧͶλ֪ʶǲʵġ
The evolution of species presupposes a process of natural selection.
ݱȻѡĹΪǰġ
Postulate   andposit  denote the assertion of the existence, reality, necessity, or truth of something, as something considered to be self-evident or axiomatic,as the basis for reasoning 
or argument: 
Postulate  posit ָĳµĴڡʵ֡Ķԣ 类ΪĻĳ£Ϊͱ۵ĸݣ 
We can see individuals, but we can't see providence; we have to postulate it (Aldous Huxley). 
ǲòΪǿԿȴԶǱ ˹裩 
Historical linguists posit a common ancestor from which both Romance and Germanic languages descend. Toassume  is to accept something as existing or being true without proof or 
on inconclusive grounds:  
ʷѧΪ˹ϵ͵ϵͬһݱ Assume ָû֤ݻȷΪĳǴڵĻʵģ  
Why do you assume that I'm angry?
ΪʲôΪ?
We must never assume that which is incapable of proof (G.H. Lewes).
ǴӲû֤֤¼ٶĳ¡ (GH·˹

= =
pretend
pre.tend
AHD:[pr1-tnd] 
D.J.[pr!6tend]
K.K.[pr!6tWnd]
v.ʣ
pre.tend.ed,pre.tend.ing,pre.tends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a false appearance of; feign:
αװʾһòαװ
You had to pretend conformity while privately pursuing high and dangerous nonconformism(Anthony Burgess)
˽׷߶Σյ½̽ʱԵüװŷ̡(ᡤ˹)
To claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess:
ٳƣʵػٵҪƣԳƣ
doesn't pretend to be an expert.
ҪαǸר
To represent fictitiously in play; make believe:
װ磺Ϸ鹹ذݣʹţ
pretended they were on a cruise.
ǼװںѲ
To take upon oneself; venture:
ðʹԼеðոĳ£
I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong.
Ҳ˵Ǵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feign an action or a character, as in play.
ݣٰĳΪĳɫϷмٰ
To put forward a claim.
ԳƣҪ
To make pretensions:
װ
pretends to gourmet tastes.
ʳҵƷζ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Imitation; make-believe:
ģµģƵģ
pretend money; pretend pearls.
αң
?
Middle English pretenden 
йӢ pretenden 
from Old French pretendre 
Դ ŷ pretendre 
from Latin praetendere 
Դ  praetendere 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
tendere [to extend] * see  ten- 
tendere [죬ӳ] *μ ten- 
?
pretend,assume,affect,simulate,feign,fake,counterfeit
These verbs all mean to take on a false or misleading appearance.
ЩʶָαĻ󵼵ı
 Pretend  often suggests a vain or transparent attempt to fool or deceive: 
 Pretend  ʾһͽ͵ػԵȥŪƭ 
My bedmate pretended to be asleep (George W. Cable).
ҵ˼װ˯ˡ ΡW
 Assume   maybut does not necessarilyconnote dishonesty, insincerity, or trickery: 
 Assume  пܡǲȻءζŲʵĻƭ 
Assume a virtue, if you have it not  (Shakespeare). 
ûµĻǾͼװ¡ ɯʿǣ 
I assumed an air of confidence that I was far from feeling.
ԶԶܲʱʾһŵ
Affect  suggests an effort to give the appearance of something either out of personal preference or to make an impression: 
Affect  ʾһֳڸϲûҪºӡʾĳ̬Ŭ 
He affects the disdainful petulance of a rock star (Annalyn Swan).
װҡǰԡ ֡˹
 Simulate  emphasizes the assumption of an appearance or a form that closely resembles reality: 
 Simulate  ǿļװʵʽ 
A . . . verdant scum upon the surface of deep pools simulated the turf that had been removed (John Lothrop Motley).The remaining termsfeign, fake,  and counterfeit all imply at 
least a measure of deliberate sham. 
̶̵ĸһּ󣬺ݵرתˡ ԼĪʣµļfeignfake  counterfeit ʾĳ̶ֳȵ١ 
 Feign  suggests false representation or fictitious fabrication: 
 Feign  ָıֻΪ죺 
The child feigned a look of innocence when his mother asked who had eaten the cake.
˭˵ʱǸСװ޹ı
Fake  implies fraudulent simulation: 
Fake  ָƭԵαװð䣺 
He faked an interest in my work.
װҵĹȤ
Counterfeit  denotes a close imitation that can often pass for an original: 
Counterfeit  ָԼĺģ£ 
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee (Oliver Goldsmith).
ǴαװüõϲôЦ ʷ˹

= =
pretext
pre.text
AHD:[pr?tkst] 
D.J.[6pri87tekst]
K.K.[6pri7tWkst]
n.ʣ
An ostensible or professed purpose; an excuse.
ڣдʣĿģ
An effort or a strategy intended to conceal something.
ΣװǻƣҪڸǵֶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pre.text.ed,pre.text.ing,pre.texts 
To allege as an excuse.
ڣ˵ɽ
?
Latin praetextum [from neuter past participle of] praetexere [to disguise] 
 praetextum  [] ԴpraetexereԹȥִ [] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
texere [to weave] * see  teks- 
texere [֯] *μ teks- 

= =
pretty
pret.ty
AHD:[pr1t?] 
D.J.[6pr!ti8]
K.K.[6pr!ti]
adj.ݴʣ
pret.ti.er,pret.ti.est 
Pleasing or attractive in a graceful or delicate way.See Synonyms at beautiful 
Ưģģ˵ģŻķʽʹ˸еƯμ beautiful
Clever; adroit:
ģɵģ
a pretty maneuver.
ֶ
Very bad; terrible:
̫ģģ
in a pretty predicament; a situation that has reached a pretty pass.
ΪΣر
Ostensibly or superficially attractive but lacking substance or conviction:
ģԵظоģȱʵݻŷ
full of pretty phrases.
һЩĴ
Informal Considerable in size or extent:
ʽ ൱ڳ̶Ⱥ͹ϼģ൱ģ
a pretty fortune.
ܴһʲƲ
adv.ʣ
To a fair degree; moderately:
൱أ൱ĳ̶ȣʶȵأ
a pretty good student.
൱õѧ
In a pretty manner; prettily or pleasingly.
ŵأŵأõ
n.ʣ
 pret.ties 
One that is pretty.
ˣƯ
pretties Delicate clothing, especially lingerie.
 pretties Ư·ָŮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pret.tied,pret.ty.ing,pret.ties 
To make pretty:
ʹƯ
pretty up the house.
װη
?
pretty much
For the most part; mostly:
ȫ
The . . . matter was pretty much dying down(John Strahinich)
ϲҪûˡ(Լ˹ϣ)
?
Middle English prety [clever, fine, handsome] 
йӢ prety [ģÿģӢ] 
from Old English pr?ttig [cunning] 
Դ Ӣ pr?ttig [թ] 
from pr?tt [trick] 
Դ pr?tt [Ʋߣı] 
?
prettily
adv.ʣ
prettiness
n.ʣ

= =
prevail
pre.vail
AHD:[pr1-v3l] 
D.J.[pr!6ve!l]
K.K.[pr!6vel]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pre.vailed,pre.vail.ing,pre.vails 
To be greater in strength or influence; triumph:
ʤռϷ磺Ӱϴʤ
prevailed against great odds.
Ծȡʤ
To be or become effective; win out:
ɹЧЧЧɹ
hoped justice would prevail.
ϣȡʤ
To be most common or frequent; be predominant:
Ҫռձƽռ
a region where snow and ice prevail.
ѩ϶ĵ
To be in force, use, or effect; be current:
УãӰ죻У
an ancient tradition that still prevails.
ŴĴͳԾʢ
To use persuasion or inducement successfully. Often used withon, upon,  or with.  See Synonyms at persuade 
ɹȰʹon, upon  with  μ persuade
?
Middle English prevailen 
йӢ prevailen 
from Old French prevaloir  prevaill- 
Դ ŷ prevaloir  prevaill- 
from Latin praeval?e [to be stronger] 
Դ  praeval?e [ǿ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
val?e [to be strong] * see  wal- 
val?e [ǿ] *μ wal- 
?
prevailer
n.ʣ

= =
prevalent
prev.a.lent
AHD:[prv-lnt] 
D.J.[6prev*l*nt]
K.K.[6prWv*l*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced.See Synonyms at prevailing 
еģʢеģ㷺ػձطڵģܵĻʵеĲμ prevailing
?
Middle English [very strong] 
йӢ [ǿ׳] 
from Latin praeval?s  praevalent- [present participle of] praeval?re [to be stronger] * see  prevail 
Դ  praeval?s  praevalent-  [] praeval?reڷִ [ǿ] *μ prevail
?
prevalently
adv.ʣ

= =
prevent
pre.vent
AHD:[pr1-vnt] 
D.J.[pr!6vent]
K.K.[pr!6vWnt]
v.ʣ
pre.vent.ed,pre.vent.ing,pre.vents 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To keep from happening:
Ԥʹֹ
took steps to prevent the strike.
ȡչ
To keep (someone) from doing something; impede:
谭ʹĳˣĳ£ӣ
prevented us from winning.
ǻʤ
Archaic To anticipate or counter in advance.
 ԤӦԤϻ
Archaic To come before; precede.
 ڡ֮ǰڡ֮ǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To present an obstacle:
ӣֳֹ谭
There will be a picnic if nothing prevents.
ûرǽҰ
?
Middle English preventen [to anticipate] 
йӢ preventen [ԤϣԤ] 
from Latin praevenoe  praevent- 
Դ  praevenoe  praevent- 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
venoe [to come] * see  g w3- 
venoe [] *μ g w3- 
?
preventability  
preventibility
n.ʣ
preventable  
preventible
adj.ݴʣ
preventer
n.ʣ
?
prevent,preclude,avert,obviate,forestall
These verbs mean to stop or hinder something from happening, especially by advance planning or action.
ЩָֹͣĳµķָԤȵļƻж
 Prevent  implies anticipatory counteraction: 
 Prevent  ָԤֹ 
The surest way to prevent war is not to fear it (John Randolph).Topreclude  is to exclude the possibility of the occurrence of an event or action:  
ֹսаյķǲҪ¡ Լ׵򣩡Preclude ָųĳ»ΪĿԣ  
a tranquillity which . . . his wife's presence would have precluded (John Henry Newman).Toavert  is to ward off something about to happen:  
ӵĳʹΪܡ ԼŦAvert ָֹҪ飺  
Only quick thinking on the pilot's part averted a disastrous accident.
ֻλԱĻǲֹ¼ķ
Obviate  implies that something,such as a difficulty, has been anticipated and disposed of effectively: 
Obviate  ָĳѾԤϵұЧų 
the objections . . . having . . . been obviated in the preceding chapter (Joseph Butler).
Ѿǰһʱ䱻ųˡ Լɪ򡤰գ
 Forestall  usually suggests anticipatory measures taken to counteract, neutralize, or nullify the effects of something: 
 Forestall  ָͨԤȲȡʩкͻĳµĺ 
We installed an alarm system to forestall break-ins. 
ǰװһ׾ϵͳԤС͵Ĵ 

= =
previous
pre.vi.ous
AHD:[pr?v?-s] 
D.J.[6pri8vi8*s]
K.K.[6privi*s]
adj.Abbr. prev.ݴʣд prev.
Existing or occurring before something else in time or order; prior:
ǰģȵģǰģʱ˳ϴڻ֮ǰģǰģ
children by a previous marriage.
ǰһĺ
Informal Acting, occurring, or done too soon; premature.
ʽ ģģ̫ɵģ
?
From Latin praevius [going before] 
Դ  praevius [ڡ֮ǰ] 
prae- [pre-] 
prae- [ǰ׺ڡ֮ǰ] 
via [way] * see  wegh- 
via [ʽ] *μ wegh- 
?
previously
adv.ʣ
previousness
n.ʣ

= =
prey
prey
AHD:[pr3] 
D.J.[pre!]
K.K.[pre]
n.ʣ
An animal hunted or caught for food; quarry.
Ϊʳﱻ׷Ķ
One that is defenseless, especially in the face of attack; a victim.
ƷûзָԹʱ
The act or practice of preying.
ԣʳԵΪʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
preyed,prey.ing,preys 
To hunt, catch, or eat as prey:
ʳ׷ץʳã
Owls prey on mice.
èͷӥʳ
To victimize or make a profit at someone else's expense.
ʹΪƷʹΪƷı
To plunder or pillage.
ٻ
To exert a baneful or injurious effect:
ĥʹʹࣺʩӲĻкӰ죺
Remorse preyed on his mind.
ûʹ㷲
?
Middle English preie 
йӢ preie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin praeda [booty, prey] * see  ghend- 
Դ  praeda [] *μ ghend- 
?
preyer
n.ʣ

= =
price
price
AHD:[pros] 
D.J.[pra!s]
K.K.[pra!s]
n.Abbr. pr.ʣд pr.
The amount as of money or goods, asked for or given in exchange for something else.
۸ҪΪһǮ
The cost at which something is obtained:
ۣΪõĳĴۣ
believes that the price of success is hard work.
ȡóɹĴ۱Ŭع
The cost of bribing someone:
߽𣺻¸˶Ļѣ
maintained that every person has a price.
Ϊÿ˶û߽ͨ
A reward offered for the capture or killing of a person:
ͽ𣺼ûĳ˶õͽ
a felon with a price on his head.
ʹطͷ
Archaic Value or worth.
 ֵƸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
priced,pric.ing,pric.es 
To fix or establish a price for:
ۣۻ۸
shoes that are priced at nine dollars.
۸ΪԪЬ
To find out the price of:
ʼ۸ѯʻѯļ۸
spent the day pricing dresses.
һѯ·ļ۸
?
price out of the market
To charge so much for goods or services that people no longer buy or use them.
ҪۣƷҪʹٹʹ
?
Middle English pris 
йӢ pris 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pretium * see  per- 5
Դ  pretium *μ per- 5
?
priceable
adj.ݴʣ
pricer
n.ʣ
?
price,charge,cost,expense
These nouns signify an amount given or asked for in payment for goods or services.
ЩʶָΪõҪ󸶳Ŀ
 Price  is the amount of money needed to purchase something offered for sale: 
 Price  ָΪڳ۵Ʒ踶Ǯ 
The house didn't sell because the price was too high.
ǴҪ̫߶ȥ
Charge  is the sum asked especially for the rendering of a service: 
Charge  ָΪṩĳַȡķã 
There is a nominal charge for postage and handling.
ʼĺͰԵշѡ
Cost,   a more inclusive term,generally applies to the total spent or to be spent,including money, time, and labor: 
Cost  ˼㷺һ㣬һָѻѻҪѵǮʱ 
Sales more than offset production costs.
ԶԶ˳ɱá
Expense  suggests cost in the aggregate: 
Expense  ָȫĻѣ 
Litigation often entails enormous expense. 
Ҫ 
?
Price
Price
AHD:[pros] (Mary) Leontyne (Born 1927) 
D.J.[pra!s]
K.K.[pra!s]
NONE޴ԣ
American operatic soprano who performed with the New York Metropolitan Opera (1961-1985), earning greatest praise for her roles in Verdi's operas.
˹죺( 1927) Ů19611985ڼŦԼ󶼻бݣڸаݵĽɫ

= =
pride
pride
AHD:[prod] 
D.J.[pra!d]
K.K.[pra!d]
n.ʣ
A sense of one's own proper dignity or value; self-respect.
ܵϻֵĸо
Pleasure or satisfaction taken in an achievement, a possession, or an association:
Ϊɼռлϵû⣺
parental pride.
ĸĽ
Arrogant or disdainful conduct or treatment; haughtiness.
񣺰ӵΪ߰
A cause or source of pleasure or satisfaction; the best of a group or class:
˻ԵɣһȺһȼõģ
These soldiers were their country's pride.
ЩʿĽ
The most successful or thriving condition; prime:
ȫʢڣ㣺ɹٵʢʱڣ
the pride of youth.
绪ï
An excessively high opinion of oneself; conceit.
ԸԼߵۣԸԴ
Mettle or spirit in horses.
ľ
A company of lions.See Synonyms at flock 1
ʨȺμ flock1
A flamboyant or impressive group:
ע⣺ӡһȺ
a pride of acrobats.
һȺעĿӼԱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prid.ed,prid.ing,prides 
To indulge (oneself) in a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction:
ʹ⣬ʹԺʹԼڿֻĸо֮У
I pride myself on this beautiful garden.
ΪĻ԰Ժ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English prte 
Դ Ӣ prte 
from pr?d [proud] * see  proud 
Դ pr?d [ģԺ] *μ proud
?
Pride
Pride
AHD:[prod] Thomas (Died 1658) 
D.J.[pra!d]
K.K.[pra!d]
NONE޴ԣ
English Parliamentarian who led a regiment to Parliament and expelled Presbyterian and Royalist members who opposed the condemnation of Charles I (1648). He was a signatory of 
Charles's death warrant.
£˹( 1658) Ӣ٣쵼ӽᣬ˷ԸһĳɺͱԱ(1648꣩ǩ˲һִ

= =
priest
priest
AHD:[pr?st] 
D.J.[pri8st]
K.K.[prist]
n.Abbr. Pr.,P.ʣд Pr.,P.
In many Christian churches, a member of the second grade of clergy ranking below a bishop but above a deacon and having authority to administer the sacraments.
˾죬˾񸦣񸸣ʦ̽УλϵĵڶײְԱȨִʥ
A person having the authority to perform and administer religious rites.
˾Ȩִкָڽʽ
Informal One whose role is considered comparable to that of a priest:
ʽ 쵼ߣ˾죬񸸵ȽɫƵˣ
computers and their priests.
̩
v.tr.ﶯʣ
priest.ed,priest.ing,priests 
To ordain or admit to the priesthood.
ʹΪְԱܡΪְԱ
?
Middle English preost 
йӢ preost 
from Old English pr?t 
Դ Ӣ pr?t 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *prester  from Late Latin presbyter * see  presbyter 
Դ  *prester  Դ  presbyter *μ presbyter
or from West Germanic *pr?t  from Latin praepositus [superintendent] * see  provost 
Դ ն *pr?t  Դ  praepositus [] *μ provost

= =
primarily
pri.mar.i.ly
AHD:[pro-mar-l?, -mr-] 
D.J.[pra!6me*r*li8, -6mer-]
K.K.[pra!6mWr*li, -6mWr-]
adv.ʣ
Chiefly; mainly:
Ҫģģ
a scholastic program primarily for seniors; a primarily middle-class neighborhood.
ҪΪ꼶ѧĽγ̣ҪΪв׼ľס
At first; originally.
ʼ

= =
primary
pri.mar.y
AHD:[promr?, -m-r?] 
D.J.[6pra!7meri8, -m*ri8]
K.K.[6pra!7mWri, -m*ri]
adj.Abbr. prim.ݴʣд prim.
First or highest in rank, quality, or importance; principal.
ҪģҪģڽײ㣬ҪϴҪĻߵģҪ
Being or standing first in a list, series, or sequence.
ȵģϵлϴλ
Occurring first in time or sequence; earliest.
ģʱʹ״γֵģ
Being or existing as the first or earliest of a kind; primitive.
ԭʼģĳһһڻֵģ
Geology Characteristic of or existing in a rock at the time of its formation.
ѧ ԭģʯʱڵصĻڸʱڴڵ
Serving as or being an essential component, as of a system; basic.See Synonyms at chief 
ҪģģΪҪɷֵģһϵͳҪɷֵģĲμ chief
Immediate; direct:
ģֱӵģ
a primary effect; a primary information source.
ЧӦһֲԴ
Preliminary to a later stage in a continuing process:
ģڳĹΪĽ׶Ԥģ
primary training.
ѵ
Of or relating to a primary school:
ѧУģСѧйصģСѧģ
the primary grades.
Сѧһ꼶
Color Of or relating to a primary color or colors.
ɫʡ ԭɫģһֻֻɫйص
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Having a word root or other linguistic element as a basis that cannot be further analyzed or broken down. Used of the derivation of a word or word element.
вɷֵģвٷֽĴʸصڴʻص
Referring to present or future time. Used as a collective designation for various present and future verb tenses in Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit.
ʱģָڻָϣиڻʱ̬ܳ
Electronics Of, relating to, or constituting an inducting current, circuit, or coil.
ѧ ԭȦģȦ·ģȦ·йصģȦ·
Of, relating to, or designating the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing.
ģԵͻҪëĻָҪë
Of or relating to agriculture, forestry, the industries that extract natural materials from the earth, or the products so obtained:
ȻģũҵɭҵӵȡԭϵĹҵйصĻַʽõĲƷģ
a primary commodity.
ȻƷ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Relating to the replacement of one of several atoms or radicals in a compound by another atom or radical.
һ̼ԭӵģһԭӻԭĳһԭӻԭŵĹ̵Ļйص
Having a carbon atom attached solely to one other carbon atom in a molecule.
һģһ̼ԭӵһ̼ԭ
Biochemistry Of, relating to, or being the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
ﻯѧ ԭԵģаеĻ뵰айص
Botany Of, relating to, or being growth or tissue derived solely from apical meristems present in the embryo:
ֲѧ ģ̥дڵĶ˷֯е֯Ļ֯йصģ
primary meristem; primary xylem.
֯ľʲ
n.ʣ
 pri.mar.ies 
One that is first in time, order, or sequence.
һλʱ䣬˳ϴڵһ
One that is first or best in degree, quality, or importance.
ߣ̶ȣҪԷλõ
One that is fundamental, basic, or elemental.
ҪأģĻҪ
A meeting of the registered voters of a political party for the purpose of nominating candidates and for choosing delegates to their party convention.
ѡλ᣺ĳһѵǼǵѡΪѡ˼ΪѡеĻ
A preliminary election in which the registered voters of a political party nominate candidates for office.
ѡĳһѵǼǵѡμӹְѡѡ˵ĳѡ
Color A primary color.
ɫʡ ԭɫɫ
One of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing.
ԵͻҪ
Electronics An inducting current, circuit, or coil.
ѧ ȦӦ·Ȧ
Astronomy 
ѧ 
A celestial body, especially a star, relative to other bodies in orbit around it.
ǣڹȦ壬ָ
The brighter of two stars that make up a double star.
˫нһţ˫еĽһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin pro3rius} [chief] 
Դ  pro3rius} [Ҫ] 
from pros [first] * see  per 1
Դ pros [Ҫ] *μ per 1

= =
prime
prime
AHD:[prom] 
D.J.[pra!m]
K.K.[pra!m]
adj.ݴʣ
First in excellence, quality, or value.See Usage Note at perfect 
ѵģŵģŵ㡢ֵͷȵĲμ perfect
First in degree or rank; chief.See Synonyms at chief 
ҪģҪģ̶ȻְλߵģҪĲμ chief
First or early in time, order, or sequence; original.
ģȵģʱ䡢˳ǵһģԭʼ
Of the highest U.S. government grade of meat.
ϵȵģָ涨ߵȼ
Mathematics Of, relating to, or being a prime number.
ѧ ģģڻ
n.ʣ
The earliest hours of the day; dawn.
һļСʱ
The first season of the year; spring.
һļڣ
The age of ideal physical perfection and intellectual vigor.
ʢ꣬׳꣺״̬
The period or phase of ideal or peak condition.See Synonyms at bloom 1
ȫʢʱڣ߷ʱڣ۷״̬ʱڻ׶βμ bloom1
The first position of thrust and parry in fencing.
һƣгͷеĵһ
A mark () appended above and to the right of a character, especially:
ţһϽǵı()ָ
One used to distinguish different values of the same variable in a mathematical expression.
ѧͬһĲֵͬ
One used to represent a unit of measurement, such as feet or minutes in latitude and longitude.
λĳһλ羭ȻγϵӢ߻
Ecclesiastical 
̻᡿ 
The second of the seven canonical hours. No longer in ecclesiastical use.
ڶʱ䣺߶ʱеĵڶΡ̻ѷϳ
The time appointed for this service, the first hour of the day or 6a.m.  
ʱ䣺ݵʱ䣬һһĵһСʱ  
Mathematics A prime number.
ѧ 
A prime rate.
Żݴ
v.ʣ
primed,prim.ing,primes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make ready; prepare:
ʹ׼ã׼
guard dogs primed for attack.
Ź׼
To prepare (a gun or mine) for firing by inserting a charge of gunpowder or a primer.
װҩΪǹףװҩ򵼻ʹ׼
To prepare for operation, as by pouring water into a pump or gasoline into a carburetor.
׼üˮڼͣӶʹ빤״̬
To prepare (a surface) for painting by covering with size, primer, or an undercoat.
ڡͿ᣺ڣĳһ棩ͿϵᡢɫԱ
To inform or instruct beforehand; coach.
ǰָǰָ֪ͨѵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become prepared for future action or operation.
׼ΪΪж׼
?
prime the pumpʽ
To encourage the growth or action of something.
ĳµķչж
?
Middle English [first in occurrence] 
йӢ [һֵ] 
from Old French [feminine of] prin 
Դ ŷ  [] prinԴ 
from Latin pros 
Դ  pros 
N., sense 7, from Middle English 
7Դ йӢ 
from Old English prom 
Դ Ӣ prom 
from Late Latin pro) [first (hour)] 
Դ  pro) [һСʱ] 
from Latin [feminine of] promus * see  per 1
Դ   [] promusԴ *μ per 1
?
primely
adv.ʣ
primeness
n.ʣ

= =
primitive
prim.i.tive
AHD:[pr1m1-t1v] 
D.J.[6pr!m!t!v]
K.K.[6pr!m!t!v]
adj.Abbr. prim.ݴʣд prim.
Not derived from something else; primary or basic.
ģǴģԭĻ
Of or relating to an earliest or original stage or state; primeval.
ԭʼģڵģڻĻԭʼĽ׶λ״̬ģԶŵ
Being little evolved from an early ancestral type.
ģڵŴͽ
Characterized by simplicity or crudity; unsophisticated:
򵥵ģԼ򵥻ֲΪģʵ޻ģ
primitive weapons.See Synonyms at rude 
ªμ rude
Anthropology Of or relating to a nonindustrial, often tribal culture, especially one that is characterized by a low level of economic complexity:
ѧ ԭʼģδģڻڷǹҵĻģָͨĻģָ÷չ״ˮƽµĻģ
primitive societies.
ԭʼ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Serving as the basis for derived or inflected forms:
ʵģΪ۱仯ʽĻģ
Pick  is the primitive word from which picket  is derived. 
Pick  picket ĸ 
Being a protolanguage:
ԭʼĸģ
primitive Germanic.
ԭʼն
Mathematics An algebraic or geometric expression from which another expression is derived.
ѧ ԭʼģһִĻ򼸺εıڴһֱ
Relating or belonging to forces of nature; elemental:
ȻģģڻȻģģ
primitive passions.

Of or created by an artist without formal training; simple or naive in style.
δʽѵģδʽѵҴģڷϼ򵥻ص
Of or relating to the work of an artist from a nonindustrial, often tribal culture, especially a culture that is characterized by a low level of economic complexity.
ԭʼƷģڻڷǹҵĻָ÷չ״ˮƽµĻƷ
Of or relating to late medieval or pre-Renaissance European painters or sculptors.
ԭ廭ҵģڻͺڻո֮ǰŷ޻һܼҵ
Biology Occurring in or characteristic of an early stage of development or evolution.
ѧ ԭģĳһչڽ׶εĻ
n.ʣ
Anthropology A person belonging to a nonindustrial, often tribal society, especially a society characterized by a low level of economic complexity.
ѧ ԭʼˣڷǹҵĻָ÷չ״ˮƽµĻ
An unsophisticated person.
ˣʵ
One that is at a low or early stage of development.
ڷչڵͼڷչ׶ε
One belonging to an early stage in the development of an artistic trend, especially a painter of the pre-Renaissance period.
ңĳһ˼չڽ׶εңָոǰ
An artist having or affecting a simple, direct, unschooled style, as of painting.
ԭңлϲӡֱʡδܽӰңͻ
A self-taught artist.
ѧ
A work of art created by a primitive artist.
ԭҵƷ
Linguistics A word or word element from which another word is derived by morphological or historical processes or from which inflected forms are derived.
ѧ ԭʣʣͨʷʷһʻʵ۱仯Ĵʻ
Computer Science A basic or fundamental unit of machine instruction or translation.
ѧ ԪָͷСĻλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French primitif, primitive 
Դ ŷ primitif, primitive 
from Latin proovus} 
Դ  proovus} 
from pros [at first] 
Դ pros [] 
from pros [first] * see  per 1
Դ pros [һ] *μ per 1
?
primitively
adv.ʣ
primitiveness  
primitivity
n.ʣ

= =
prince
prince
AHD:[pr1ns] 
D.J.[pr!ns]
K.K.[pr!ns]
n.Abbr. p.,P.,Pr.ʣд p.,P.,Pr.
A male member of a royal family other than the monarch, especially a son of the monarch.
ӣзǾԳԱָĶ
The ruler of a principality.
ͳ
A hereditary ruler; a king.
Ϯͳߣ
A nobleman of varying status or rank.
壺־λλĹ
An outstanding man, especially in a particular group or class:
ͷңܳˣָĳһضײУ
a merchant prince.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pros * see  per 1
Դ  pros *μ per 1
?
princeship
n.ʣ
?
Prince
Prince
AHD:[pr1ns] Harold Smith  Known as Hal.(Born 1928) 
D.J.[pr!ns]
K.K.[pr!ns]
NONE޴ԣ
American stage director, producer, and writer whose productions includeDamn Yankees  (1955) and Fiorello!  (1959), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 
˹£ʷ˹̨ݡƬңƷС 1955 ŷޡ 1959˻Ƚ 

= =
princess
prin.cess
AHD:[pr1ns1s, -ss, pr1n-ss] 
D.J.[6pr!ns!s, -7ses, pr!n6ses]
K.K.[6pr!ns!s, -7sWs, pr!n6sWs]
n.ʣ
A woman who is ruler of a principality.
ŮŮͳιأĸŮ
A woman member of a royal family other than the monarch, especially a daughter of a monarch.
ҵķǾŮԳԱָŮ
A noblewoman of varying status or rank.
ˣλڸλûλĹ帾Ů
The wife of a prince.
ˣӣ
A woman regarded as having the status or qualities of a princess.
ΪйݻλĸŮ
Archaic A hereditary woman ruler; a queen.
 ϮŮͳߣŮ
adj.ݴʣ
Designed to hang in smooth, close-fitting, unbroken lines from shoulder to flared hem:
ȹģͽͨɼ°ϵģ
a princess dress.
³ȹ
?
Middle English princesse 
йӢ princesse 
from Old French [feminine of] prince [prince] * see  prince 
Դ ŷ  [] princeԴ [] *μ prince

= =
principal
prin.ci.pal
AHD:[pr1ns-pl] 
D.J.[6pr!ns*p*l]
K.K.[6pr!ns*p*l]
adj.Abbr. prin.ݴʣд prin.
First, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief.See Synonyms at chief 
ҪģҪģҪԣλ̶ֵϴҪģߵĻҪĲμ chief
Of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal in a financial transaction.
ģʱģڻڱĻתеʽ
n.Abbr. prin.ʣд prin.
One who holds a position of presiding rank, especially the head of an elementary school or high school.
׳ˣߵλˣָСѧУ
A main participant in a situation.
ҪߣĳһеҪμ
A person having a leading or starring role.
ҪԱǣ쵼Ҫɫ
The capital or main body of an estate or a financial holding as distinguished from the interest or revenue from it.
ʱƲʲʱ壬Ϣ
A sum of money owed as a debt, upon which interest is calculated.
ΪծһǮԴΪϢ
Law 
ɡ 
A person who empowers another to act as his or her representative.
ίˣȨһ˴µ
The person having prime responsibility for an obligation as distinguished from one who acts as surety or as an endorser.
ˣĳһҪεˣڵ˻ת
One who commits or is an accomplice to a crime.
зЭ
The main truss or rafter that supports and gives form to a roof.
ľɻӹݶõܻľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pro3lis} 
Դ  pro3lis} 
from pros  proncip- [leader, emperor] * see  per 1
Դ pros  proncip- [쵼] *μ per 1
?
principally
adv.ʣ
principalship
n.ʣ
?
Principal  and principle  are often confused but have no meanings in common. Principle is only a noun, and most of its senses refer to that which is basic or to rules and 
standards.Principal is both a noun and an adjective. As a noun (aside from its specialized meanings in law and finance)it generally denotes a person who holds a high position or plays 
an important role: 
Principal  principle ˼ȫͬ Principle һʣ ҪָĶͱ׼Principal ݴʡ Ϊʣڷ
ɻϵ⺬壩һָڸλҪɫˣ 
a meeting among all the principals in the transaction. 
Ҫͷᡣ 
As an adjectiveit has the sense of chief or leading.
ΪݴʣСҪġҪġ˼

= =
principle
prin.ci.ple
AHD:[pr1ns-pl] 
D.J.[6pr!ns*p*l]
K.K.[6pr!ns*p*l]
n.Abbr. prin.ʣд prin.
A basic truth, law, or assumption:
ԭԭ۶ϣ
the principles of democracy.
εԭ
A rule or standard, especially of good behavior:
׼򣬵壺׼ָȷΪı׼
a man of principle.
нڲٵ
The collectivity of moral or ethical standards or judgments:
±׼»׼׼ļ壺
a decision based on principle rather than expediency.
׼Ȩ˵ľ
A fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action.
Ϊģʽ̶ĻԼ߻Ϊʽ
A basic or essential quality or element determining intrinsic nature or characteristic behavior:
ܣԣڵıʻΪĻҪʻأ
the principle of self-preservation.
ұ
A rule or law concerning the functioning of natural phenomena or mechanical processes:
ԭȻееĹ
the principle of jet propulsion.
ƽԭ
Chemistry One of the elements that compose a substance, especially one that gives some special quality or effect.
ѧ أɷ֣ĳһʵĳɷеһָ֣ʻЧĳɷ
A basic source.See Usage Note at principal 
Դԭμ principal
Principle Christian Science God.
 Principle ̿ѧɡ ϵ
?
in principle
With regard to the basics:
ϣԭйصأ
an idea that is acceptable in principle.
Խܵ뷨
on principle
According to or because of principle.
ԭأݻΪΪ׼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of Old French principe 
 ŷ principeı仯 
from Latin prom 
Դ  prom 
from pros  proncip- [leader, emperor] * see  per 1
Դ pros  proncip- [쵼] *μ per 1
?
Despite generations of spelling lessons,the wordsprinciple  and principal  are still commonly confused. Perhaps an understanding of their history will help in keeping them straight.Both 
words go back to the same Latin word,pro,  meaning first, as in time, position, or authority.The split that has caused all the trouble occurred in the next stage of 
development.Frompros  were derived the noun pro,  start, origin, guiding principle, the adjectivepro3lis,}  first in importance or esteem, and the noun pro3lis,}  a leading 
citizen. Clearly the latter two words with the3}  between the p  and the l  have given us the adjectiveprincipal  (first recorded around 1300) and the noun principal   (also first recorded 
in a work composed around 1300).Perhaps it should not be mentioned that one Middle English spelling for the noun wasprinciple.  On the other hand,the Latin wordprom  and its Old 
French descendant principe  were involved in the creation of the word principle  in Middle English, first recorded in a work written around 1380.Words likemanciple  and participle  
influenced the spelling of this new word, but again perhaps we should keep silent about the fact that we also find the word spelledprincipal  and prinsipal  in Middle English. A key point 
to remember about these seemingly aberrant Middle English spellings isthat in Middle English spelling was not nearly as fixed as it usually is today,a development that was much 
furthered by the invention of printing.When we interchange spellings forprinciple  and principal,  we are doing something that would have been less of a fault in the days before the 
conformity imposed on us by this marvelous invention. 
ƴдϷǿprinciple  principal ǱǸ졣 ˽һʵʷŪǵƴдʶ׷ݵͬһprinceps  Ϊ
ʱ䣬λȨϵһġ鷳ķѳڷչ̵һ׶Ρprinceps  principium ΪˣԴָԭ򣬡 ݴprincipalis 
ҪĻ𾴵ġ principalis Ϊ쵼λĹ񡱡 Ȼp  l ֮ 3  ʹݴprincipal ¼1300ң
 principal   ¼ҲڴԼ1300ҴƷУǲӦᵽйӢеһƴprinciple  һ棬principium ŷʵ
 principe ͬôйӢﵥ principle  ¼дԼ1380һƷmanciple  participle ĵʶӰµʵƴд ǻӦһ
ζҲйӢбƴдprincipal  prinsipal һʵֳĬ סЩйӢòƷƴдĹؼڣйӢеƴдʽô
̶Ϊʱûзӡˢķƴдһµԭӵͷ֮ǰǰprinciple  principal ƴдཻҲ㲻ʲô 

= =
print
print
AHD:[pr1nt] 
D.J.[pr!nt]
K.K.[pr!nt]
n.ʣ
A mark or an impression made in or on a surface by pressure:
ӡǣѹĳһɵĺۼӡǣ
the print of footsteps in the sand.See Synonyms at impression 
ɳϵĽӡμ impression
A device or an implement, such as a stamp, die, or seal, used to press markings onto or into a surface.
ӡǵߣڱӡǵװû򹤾ߣͼ¡ģӡ
Something formed or marked by such a device.
ӡǣͼװƳɻǵĶ
Lettering or other impressions produced in ink from type by a printing press or other means.
ӡˢ֣ͨӡˢʽīӡƳֻӡ
Matter so produced; printed material.
ӡˢԭϣַʽӡƳĶӡˢ
Printed state or form.
ӡˢӡ״̬ʽ
A printed publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.
ӡˢӡˢķ־ֽ
Printed matter.
ӡˢƷ
A design or picture transferred from an engraved plate, wood block, lithographic stone, or other medium.
ӡ԰̡ľ̡ʯӡʯýתͼͼ
A photographic image transferred to paper or a similar surface, usually from a negative.
ӡࣺӵƬɹƵֽƵıϵͼ
A copy of a film or movie.
ƬӰĸƷ
A fabric or garment with a dyed pattern that has been pressed onto it, usually by engraved rollers.
ѹӡӡȾͨɵ̹ĹȦѹƶɵͼĲװ
The pattern itself.
ӡ
v.ʣ
print.ed,print.ing,prints 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To press (a mark or design, for example) onto or into a surface.
ӡͼӡǡͼȣѹƵһ
To make an impression on or in (a surface) with a device such as a stamp, seal, or die.
ǣôӡͼºӡµȹڣĳһ棩ӡ
To press (a stamp or similar device) onto or into a surface to leave a marking.
±ǣѹӻƵװãĳһӡ
To produce by means of pressed type on a paper surface, with or as if with a printing press.
ӡˢ壺ûӡˢͨѹƵģֽӡƳ
To offer in printed form; publish.
ӡˢ棺ѡУ
To write (something) in characters similar to those commonly used in print.
дͨʹõӡˢд
To impress firmly in the mind or memory.
ӡǣʹԺл
To produce a photographic image from (a negative, for example) by passing light through film onto a photosensitive surface, especially sensitized paper.
ӡͨʹߴƬͶ䵽й壬ָйֽϣӶɹƳƬϵģͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work as a printer.
ӡˢ
To produce printed material.
ӡˢĲ
To produce something in printed form by means of a printing press or other reproduction process.
ӡˢҵӡˢƹ̽ӡˢƷ
To write characters similar to those commonly used in print.
ӡˢдӡˢձַд
To produce or receive an impression, a marking, or an image.
ĳӡ󣺲ӡ󡢱ǻͼ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, writing for, or constituting printed publications:
еģڻڳģڳģΪдģ
a print journalist; print coverage.
ΪдļߣΪдı
?
print out ѧ
To print as a function; produce printout.
ӡΪһܶӡӡ
?
in print
In printed or published form:
ӡˢģӡˢʽģ
denials that were to be found in print.
ӡˢʽֵķ
Offered for sale by a publisher:
򵽵ģڳ۵ģɳṩ۵ģ
books that are still in print.
ЩԿ
out of print
No longer offered for sale by a publisher:
ģѾģٱṩ۵ģ
books that are out of print.

?
Middle English preinte 
йӢ preinte 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] preindre [to press] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴpreindreԹȥִ [ѹӡ] 
alteration of prembre 
 prembreı仯 
from Latin premere * see  per- 4
Դ  premere *μ per- 4

= =
prior
prior 1
AHD:[pror] 
D.J.[6pra!*]
K.K.[6pra!+]
adj.ݴʣ
Preceding in time or order:
ǰģȵģʱϾȵģ
[They]  insist that foreign vessels seeking access obtain prior approval (Seymour M. Hersh)
[] ҪͨͨӦȡͬ⡱ (ĦM.ʲ)
Preceding in importance or value:
ҪģȵģҪԻֵȵģ
a prior consideration.
ȿ
?
Latin * see  prior 2
 *μ prior2
?
priorly
adv.ʣ
?
prior
prior 2
AHD:[pror] 
D.J.[6pra!*]
K.K.[6pra!+]
n.ʣ
A monastic officer in charge of a priory or ranking next below the abbot of an abbey.
СԺԺԺԺ
One of the ruling magistrates of the medieval Italian republic of Florence.
ִ٣ķ͹ִ
?
Middle English priour 
йӢ priour 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
Old French prior 
ŷ prior 
both from Medieval Latin 
Դ  
from Latin [superior] * see  per 1
Դ  [ڣڡ] *μ per 1
?
priorate
AHD:[-1t]   prior.ship [-sh1p] ʣ
?
Prior
Pri.or
AHD:[pror] Matthew (1664-1721) 
D.J.[6pra!*]
K.K.[6pra!+]
NONE޴ԣ
English poet and diplomat known for his epigrams and light satirical verse.
ޣ(1664-1721) Ӣʫ˺⽻٣ǵĶʫԴ̵ʫ

= =
priority
pri.or.i.ty
AHD:[pro-?r1-t?, -?r-] 
D.J.[pra!6%8r!ti8, -6Kr-]
K.K.[pra!6%r!ti, -6$r-]
n.ʣ
 pri.or.i.ties 
Precedence, especially established by order of importance or urgency.
ȣȣָҪԻ̶ȵ˳ȵλ
An established right to precedence.
ȨѻõģѱϵģȵȨ
An authoritative rating that establishes such precedence.
־ȵλȨķּ
A preceding or coming earlier in time.
ȣǰʱϾǰ
Something afforded or deserving prior attention.
ȿǵ»ֵע
?
Middle English priorite 
йӢ priorite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin pri?3s} 
Դ  pri?3s} 
from Latin prior [first] * see  prior 2
Դ  prior [һ] *μ prior2

= =
prison
pris.on
AHD:[pr1zn] 
D.J.[6pr!z*n]
K.K.[6pr!z*n]
n.ʣ
A place where persons convicted or accused of crimes are confined; a penitentiary or a jail.
ָػ϶˵ĵط
A place or condition of confinement or forcible restraint.
ңĳ˵ĵط״
A state of imprisonment or captivity.
Ѻ״̬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pris.oned,pris.on.ing,pris.ons 
To confine in a prison; imprison.
ڼУʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
alteration  influenced by Old French pris [taken] 
   ŷ prisӰ [׽ס] 
of Latin pr??}  pr?nsi?n- [a seizing] 
  pr??ı仯}  pr?nsi?n- [׽] 
from *preh??} 
Դ *preh??} 
from preh?s [past participle of] prehendere [to seize] * see  ghend- 
Դ preh?s  [] prehendereĹȥִ [ץס] *μ ghend- 
?
The wordprison  has its origins not in the notions of what such a place is but rather in the notion of how one gets there. Prison can be traced back to the Latin word pr??,}  the action or 
power of making an arrest. This in turn is derived from the verbprehendere  or prendere,  which meant to take hold of, take into custody, arrest.Pr??}  then dives into the obscurity 
of the time when Romance languages such as French were being formed from Vulgar Latin and resurfaces in the Old French of the 12th century with the formprison  and the senses 
capture and place of imprisonment.This new sense could have already been developed in Latinand not been recorded,but we have to wait until the 12th century to see it,the 
sense captivity being added in the same century.From Old French as well as the Medieval Latin wordpriso,  prison, derived from Old French, came our Middle English word 
prisoun,  first recorded in a work written before 1121in the sense imprisonment.The sense place of imprisonment is recorded shortly afterward in a text copied down before 
1225but perhaps actually written in the Old English period before the Norman Conquest.
Prison ʵԴһʲôĵطһôȥġ Prison ׷ݵ˼ǡдж prensio  ҲǴӶ
prehendere  prendere ģ ˼ǡ׽סPrensio ϵеԣ編𽥴ͨγʱȴˣ 12prison 
ʽڹŷ¶棬 京ǡ׽ס͡˵ĵطµĺܿѵõ˷չֻûб¼ֱ12Ͳſͬһ
͡²˼˽ȥӹŷͬʱҲǴԴڹŷpriso вйӢﵥ prison  ļ¼һ
1121ƷУ˼ǡĵط˼Ժֵġ1225ǰ¼һƪг֣ʵдʱŵ֮ǰ
Ӣʱ

= =
prisoner
pris.on.er
AHD:[pr1z-nr, pr1znr] 
D.J.[6pr!z*n*, 6pr!zn*]
K.K.[6pr!z*n+, 6pr!zn+]
n.ʣ
A person held in custody, captivity, or a condition of forcible restraint, especially while on trial or serving a prison sentence.
ˣнˣָѶڼ
One deprived of freedom of expression or action:
ʧȥۻжɵˣ
He was a prisoner of his own personalityof that given set of traits that . . . predisposed him to see the world in a certain way, to make certain moves, certain choices(William H. 
Hallahan)
ǸԼԸϵͽЩضʹضķʽ硢ضĻضѡ(H.պ)

= =
privacy
pri.va.cy
AHD:[prov-s?] 
D.J.[6pra!v*si8]
K.K.[6pra!v*si]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others.
ˣӣȺ򲻼˵ʻ״̬
The state of being free from unsanctioned intrusion:
˽ܷǷֵ״̬
a person's right to privacy.
˽Ȩ
The state of being concealed; secrecy.
ܣص״

= =
private
pri.vate
AHD:[prov1t] 
D.J.[6pra!v!t]
K.K.[6pra!v!t]
adj.Abbr. priv.,pvt.ݴʣд priv.,pvt.
Secluded from the sight, presence, or intrusion of others:
εģ˵۹⡢ֻŵģ
a private hideaway.
Ƨ
Designed or intended for one's exclusive use:
˽˵ģרõģרΪĳ˵ʹƵģ
a private room.
˽˷
Of or confined to the individual; personal:
˵ģ˽˵ģڸ˵ģ˵ģ
a private joke; private opinions.
˵Ц˹۵
Undertaken on an individual basis:
˴µģԸΪеģ
private studies; private research.
˽о˽˵о
Of, relating to, or receiving special hospital services and privileges:
˽ҽģڡڻҽԺرȨģ
a private patient.
ر
Not available for public use, control, or participation:
˽˵ģ˽еģڲʹáƻμӵģ
a private club; a private party.
˽˾ֲ˽˾ۻ
Belonging to a particular person or persons, as opposed to the public or the government:
˽еģضĳ˻һЩ˵ģڹڻ
private property.
˽вƲ
Conducted and supported primarily by private individuals or by a nongovernmental agency or corporation:
˽ģҪһЩ˻Ļ˾쵼ֵ֧ģ
a private college; a private sanatorium.
˽ѧԺ˽ӪԺ
Of, relating to, or derived from nongovernment sources:
ģڡڻԴڷصģ
private funding.

Not holding an official or public position:
޹ְģûйٷְλ򹫿ְλģ
a former President who is now a private citizen.
ǰͳһƽ
Not for public knowledge or disclosure; secret:
ܵģΪ֪ģģܵģ
private papers; a private communication.
ļϵ
Not appropriate for use or display in public; intimate:
˹ģڹǰʹûʾģ˵ģ
private behavior; a private tragedy.
ܵľٶ˹ı
Placing a high value on personal privacy:
˽ģӸ˽ģ
a retiring, private individual.
¶Ĭ
n.ʣ
Abbr. PVT,Pvt
д PVT,Pvt
A noncommissioned rank in the U.S. Army or Marine Corps that is below private first class.
ȱ½򺣾½սӵķʿپΣһȱ
One who holds this rank or a similar rank in a military or paramilitary organization.
ȱ׼ʿ»֯гһλƾε
privates Private parts. Often used withthe.  
 privates ֳthe  
?
go private
To take a publicly owned company into private ownership, as by a leveraged buyout.
ռΪ˽УеĹ˾Ϊ˽УܸͨչȫعȨ
in private
Not in public; secretly or confidentially.
ܵأǹأܵػ˽µ
?
Middle English privat 
йӢ privat 
from Latin pro3tus} [not in public life] [past participle of] prov3re [to release, deprive] 
Դ  pro3tus} [ǹ]  [] prov3reĹȥִ [] 
from pros [single, alone] * see  per 1
Դ pros [һģ¶] *μ per 1
?
privately
adv.ʣ
privateness
n.ʣ

= =
privilege
priv.i.lege
AHD:[pr1v-l1j, pr1vl1j] 
D.J.[6pr!v*l!d9, 6pr!vl!d9]
K.K.[6pr!v*l!d9, 6pr!vl!d9]
n.ʣ
A special advantage, immunity, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class, or a caste.See Synonyms at right 
ȨŻݣˡĳһײĳһ׼Ϊеرĺô⡢ȨŻݲμ right
Such an advantage, an immunity, or a right held as a prerogative of status or rank, and exercised to the exclusion or detriment of others.
Ȩ׼ĳһײλеģųеֺôȨ
The principle of granting and maintaining a special right or immunity:
ȨԭάĳȨԭ
a society based on privilege.
Ȩԭϵ
Law The right to privileged communication in a confidential relationship, as between client and attorney, patient and physician, or communicant and priest.
ɡ ܾй¶ȨĳֻܹϵдڵͨѶȨʦҽʦ֮ͨѶȨ
An option to buy or sell a stock, including put, call, spread, and straddle.
ȹȨƱѡȨͶʡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
priv.i.leged,priv.i.leg.ing,priv.i.leg.es 
To grant a privilege to.
衭ȨŻݣ
To free or exempt.
ţ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pro?gium} [a law affecting one person] 
Դ  pro?gium} [ڸ˵ķ] 
pros [single, alone] * see  per 1
pros [ģ¶] *μ per 1
l?x  l?g- [law] * see  leg- 
l?x  l?g- [] *μ leg- 

= =
prize
prize 1
AHD:[proz] 
D.J.[pra!z]
K.K.[pra!z]
n.ʣ
Something offered or won as an award for superiority or victory, as in a contest or competition.See Synonyms at bonus 
ͣƷھڱиĻõΪʤʤļνĶμ bonus
Something worth striving for; a highly desirable possession.
ƷֵŬȡĶĽӵ
adj.ݴʣ
Offered or given as a prize:
ΪƷṩģ
a prize cup.

Given a prize, or likely to win a prize:
񽱵Ļ񽱵ģ
a prize cow.
ýĸţ
Worthy of a prize; first-class:
Ӧýģһģ
our prize azaleas.
һĶž黨
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prized,priz.ing,priz.es 
To value highly; esteem or treasure.See Synonyms at appreciate 
ӣػӲμ appreciate
To estimate the worth of; evaluate.
ۡ
?
Alteration of Middle English pris [value, price, reward] * see  price 
 йӢ prisı仯 [ֵ۸񣬱] *μ price
?
prize
prize 2
AHD:[proz] 
D.J.[pra!z]
K.K.[pra!z]
n.ʣ
Nautical Something seized by force or taken as booty, especially an enemy ship and its cargo captured at sea during wartime.
 ƷսƷʱȡõĻΪսƷȡõĶָսʱںϱĵд
The act of seizing; capture.
񣺲Ϊ²
?
Alteration of Middle English prise 
 йӢ priseı仯 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] prendre 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴprendreԹȥִ 
from Latin prehendere, prendere [to seize] * see  ghend- 
Դ  prehendere, prendere [] *μ ghend- 
?
prize
prize 3Ҳ prise
AHD:[proz] 
D.J.[pra!z]
K.K.[pra!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prized Ҳ prised priz.ing pris.ing priz.es pris.es  
To move or force with or as if with a lever; pry.
ˣ˿ûøܸʹƶ
n.ʣ
Leverage.
ܸ
Chiefly Southern U.S. Something used as a lever or for prying.
ϲ ܸˣ˰ܸ˻ĳĶ
?
From Middle English prise [instrument for prying] 
Դ йӢ prise [ĳĹ] 
probably from prise [the taking of something] * see  prize 2
Դ prise [ȡĳ] *μ prize2

= =
probability
prob.a.bil.i.ty
AHD:[pr?b-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[7prKb*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[7pr$b*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 prob.a.bil.i.ties 
The quality or condition of being probable; likelihood.
ԣȻԣܵʻ״
A probable situation, condition, or event.
ܣֵܳơ״¼
The likelihood that a given event will occur:
ԣĳ·Ŀԣ
a great probability of rain this evening.
ܿ
Statistics A number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences.
ͳѧ ʣʣʾĳض·Ŀ֣ʵʷĴܷĴ֮ȱʾ
?
in all probability
Most probably; very likely.
Ϊܵأܿܵ

= =
probable
prob.a.ble
AHD:[pr?b-bl] 
D.J.[6prKb*b*l]
K.K.[6pr$b*b*l]
adj.Abbr. prob.ݴʣд prob.
Likely to happen or to be true:
ܵģܷĻΪʵģ
War seemed probable in 1938. The home team, far ahead, is the probable winner.
ս1938ͺпܱӵ÷ңңȣܿܳΪʤ
Likely but uncertain; plausible.
ŵģܵܿ϶ģƺʵ
Theology Of or relating to opinions and actions in ethics and morals for whose lawfulness intrinsic reasons or extrinsic authority may be adduced.
ѧ ֤ģڻ͵ϵĹ۵жģЩ͵µĺϷԿԮڵĻڵԭ
?
Middle English [plausible] 
йӢ [ʵ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin prob3s 
Դ  prob3s 
from prob3e [to prove] * see  prove 
Դ prob3e [֤֤ʵ] *μ prove

= =
probably
prob.a.bly
AHD:[pr?b-bl?] 
D.J.[6prKb*bli8]
K.K.[6pr$b*bli]
adv.Abbr. prob.ʣд prob.
Most likely; presumably.
ܿܵأ

= =
probe
probe
AHD:[pr?b] 
D.J.[pr*&b]
K.K.[prob]
n.ʣ
An exploratory action, expedition, or device, especially one designed to investigate and obtain information on a remote or unknown region:
̽̽װã̽Եж̽ջװãָƫԶĻΪ֪ĵе鲢ȡϢ
electronic probes into the crust of the earth.
ؿǵĵװ
A slender, flexible surgical instrument used to explore a wound or body cavity.
̽룬̽ӣ̽˿ڻǻһϸĿҽе
The act of exploring or searching with or as if with a device or an instrument.
̽飬̽⣺ûװû߽̽ѰҵΪ
An investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities; a penetrating inquiry:
飬龿İɵĻеĵ飺
a congressional probe into price fixing.See Synonyms at inquiry 
Լ۸ȶĵμ inquiry
A space probe.
̫̽̽
v.ʣ
probed,prob.ing,probes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To explore with or as if with a probe:
û̽̽⣺
probe a wound to find its extent; probing the anthill with a stick.
̽˿ȷСù̽Ѩ
To delve into; investigate.
飻龿
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To conduct an exploratory investigation; search.
̽Եĵ飻Ѱ
?
Middle English [examination] 
йӢ [] 
from Medieval Latin proba 
Դ  proba 
from Late Latin [proof] 
Դ  [֤] 
from Latin prob3e [to test] 
Դ  prob3e [] 
from probus [good] * see  per 1
Դ probus [õ] *μ per 1
?
prober
n.ʣ
probingly
adv.ʣ

= =
problem
prob.lem
AHD:[pr?blm] 
D.J.[6prKbl*m]
K.K.[6pr$bl*m]
n.Abbr. prob.ʣд prob.
A question to be considered, solved, or answered:
⣺Ӧÿǡش⣺
math problems; the problem of how to hem a skirt evenly.
ѧ⣻θȹƽıߵ
A situation, matter, or person that presents perplexity or difficulty:
⣺ʹԻеѵơ
urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog; the philosophical problem of evil.See Usage Note at dilemma 
罻ͨӵĳ⣻ѧμ dilemma
adj.ݴʣ
Difficult to deal with or control:
ѶԸģԴƵģ
a problem child; problem customers.
ԹĺӣѶԸĹ˿
Dealing with a moral or social problem:
ģ»ģ
a problem play.
һľ籾
?
Middle English probleme 
йӢ probleme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin probl?a  probl?mat- 
Դ  probl?a  probl?mat- 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from proballein [to throw before, put forward] 
Դ proballein [ǰãǰ] 
pro- [before] * see  pro- 2
pro- [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ pro-2
ballein  bl?- [to throw] * see  g wel- 
ballein  bl?- [ӣͶ] *μ g wel- 

= =
procedure
pro.ce.dure
AHD:[pr-s?jr] 
D.J.[pr*6si8d9*]
K.K.[pr*6sid9+]
n.ʣ
A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something:
򣬽̣Ӱ죺ʽлĳµ;
complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.
ͶߣֳͨûǮ
A series of steps taken to accomplish an end:
裺Ϊִлĳ²ȡһϵв裺
a long therapeutic procedure.
ƹ
A set of established forms or methods for conducting the affairs of a business, legislative body, or court of law.
һ״ҵͥļȶģʽʽ
?
French procdure 
 procdure 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from proceder [to proceed] * see  proceed 
Դ proceder [У] *μ proceed

= =
proceed
pro.ceed
AHD:[pr?-s?d, pr-] 
D.J.[pr*&6si8d, pr*-]
K.K.[pro6sid, pr*-]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pro.ceed.ed,pro.ceed.ing,pro.ceeds 
To go forward or onward, especially after an interruption; continue:
УлǰָϺУ
proceeded to his destination; paused to clear her throat, then proceeded.
յǰͣɤӣֽŽ
To begin to carry on an action or a process:
ʼжչ
looked surprised, then proceeded to roar with laughter.
ȥܳԾȻʼЦֹ
To move on in an orderly manner:
νȥ
Business proceeded as usual.
һȻؽ
To come from a source; originate or issue:
ԴڣԴʼ
behavior proceeding from hidden motives.See Synonyms at stem 1
ԴζΪμ stem1
Law To institute and conduct legal action:
ɡ зϻߣ
proceeded against the defaulting debtor.
Բְծ
n.ʣ 
proceeds
AHD:[pr?s?dz] 
The amount of money derived from a commercial or fundraising venture; the yield.
룬ҵõǮ
?
Middle English proceden 
йӢ proceden 
from Old French proceder 
Դ ŷ proceder 
from Latin pr??dere} 
Դ  pr??dere} 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
c?e [to go] * see  ked- 
c?e [ȥ] *μ ked- 
?
proceeder
n.ʣ

= =
proceeding
pro.ceed.ing
AHD:[pr?-s?d1ng, pr-] 
D.J.[pr*&6si8d!0, pr*-]
K.K.[pro6sid!0, pr*-]
n.ʣ
A course of action; a procedure.
ٶж
proceedings A sequence of events occurring at a particular place or occasion:
 proceedings ĳһصص·һϵ¼
watched the proceedings from a ringside seat.
Χλۿ
proceedings Abbr. proc.A record of business carried on by a society or other organization; minutes.
 proceedings д proc.¼¼ѧ֯¼¼
Often proceedings Law 
  proceedings ɡ 
Legal action; litigation.
ж
The instituting or conducting of legal action.
ϻϳ

= =
process
process 1
AHD:[pr?ss, pr?ss] 
D.J.[6prKs7es, 6pr*&7ses]
K.K.[6pr$s7Ws, 6pro7sWs]
n.ʣ
 proc.ess.es[pr?ss1z, pr?ss-, pr?s1-s?z, pr?s1-]  д proc.
A series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result:
̣һϵеĳһж仯ã
the process of digestion; the process of obtaining a driver's license.
̣ȡüʻִյĹ
A series of operations performed in the making or treatment of a product:
̣ĳһƷһϵв
a manufacturing process; leather dyed during the tanning process.
̣ƤƤȾɫ
Progress; passage:
Уչ
the process of time; events now in process.
ʱƣչе¼
Law The entire course of a judicial proceeding.
ɡ ϳ˾ȫ
Law 
ɡ 
A summons or writ ordering a defendant to appear in court.
ƱԺѶͥĴƱ״
The total quantity of summonses or writs issued in a particular proceeding.
ƱĳضϳзеĴƱ״
Biology An outgrowth of tissue; a projecting part:
ѧ ͻ¡֯ͻĲ֣
a bony process.
Ǵ
Any of various photomechanical or photoengraving methods.
ư๤ջưķ
See  conk 3
μ  conk3
v.tr.ﶯʣ
proc.essed,proc.ess.ing,proc.ess.es 
To put through the steps of a prescribed procedure:
УʹͨһϵԤĸ裺
processing newly arrived immigrants; received the order, processed it, and dispatched the goods.
Ӵµ񣻽ӵдȻͻ
To prepare, treat, or convert by subjecting to a special process:
ƣӹͨ׼ת
process ore to obtain minerals.
ӹʯȡ
Law 
ɡ 
To serve with a summons or writ.
Ʊͥ򡭷Ʊ״
To institute legal proceedings against; prosecute.
ߣԡϣ
Computer Science To perform operations on (data).
ѧ ִ̣жԣݣĲ
To straighten (hair) by a chemical process; conk.
ʹֱͨѧѣŪֱѾͷŪֱ
adj.ݴʣ
Prepared or converted by a special process:
ӹģرģͨӹתģ
process cheese.
ӹ
Made by or used in any of several photomechanical or photoengraving processes:
ưģư淨͹淨Ļʹõģ
a process print.
ưͼ
?
Middle English proces 
йӢ proces 
from Old French [development] 
Դ ŷ [չ] 
from Latin pr?s [from past participle of] pr?c?dere [to advance] * see  proceed 
Դ  pr?s  [] Դpr?c?dereĹȥִ [ǰ] *μ proceed
?
In recent yearsthere has been a tendency to pronounce the plural ending-es  of processes  as (-?z), perhaps by analogy with words of Greek origin such asanalysis  and neurosis.  
Butprocess  is not of Greek origin, and there is no etymological justification for this pronunciation of its plural.The pronunciation may someday become so widespread as to be a 
standard variant,but it still strikes some listeners as a bungled affectation.
аprocesses ĸβ -es (-ez)ƣ ҲԴϣĴanalysis  neurosis ơ process Դϣ ˴ӴԴѧĽǶ˵临
ʽӦôһַᱻ㷺öΪ׼ı壬һЩַһ׾ӵĽ
?
process
process 2
AHD:[pr-ss] 
D.J.[pr*6ses]
K.K.[pr*6sWs]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pro.cessed,pro.cess.ing,pro.cess.es 
To move along in or as if in a procession:
жнжƵн
The man in the panama hat offered his arm and . . . they processed into the dining room(Anita Brookner)
ñֱۡжƵ߽(³ŵ)
?
Back-formation from procession 
Դ procession湹

= =
procession
pro.ces.sion
AHD:[pr-sshn] 
D.J.[pr*6se.*n]
K.K.[pr*6sW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of moving along or forward; progression.
УнءǰƶĶн
Origination; emanation; rise.
֣γ
A group of persons, vehicles, or objects moving along in an orderly, formal manner.
У飺һȺˡһЩͨ߻Ʒдءǰƶ
The movement of such a group.
нȺ˶
An orderly succession:
ƣдĽ棺
the procession of the seasons.
ڵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pro.ces.sioned,pro.ces.sion.ing,pro.ces.sions 
To form or go in a procession.
ŶǰжӶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin pr??}  pr?cessi?n- 
Դ  pr??}  pr?cessi?n- 
from Latin [an advance] 
Դ  [ǰ] 
from pr?s [past participle of] pr?c?dere [to advance] * see  proceed 
Դ pr?s  [] pr?c?dereĹȥִ [ǰ] *μ proceed

= =
proclaim
pro.claim
AHD:[pr?-kl3m, pr-] 
D.J.[pr*&6kle!m, pr*-]
K.K.[pro6klem, pr*-]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.claimed,pro.claim.ing,pro.claims 
To announce officially and publicly; declare.See Synonyms at announce 
棺ʽҹμ announce
To indicate conspicuously; make plain:
ʾ
wearing a button that proclaimed my choice for president.
һöѡ˭ϯ
To praise; extol.

?
Middle English proclamen, proclaimen  influenced by claimen [to claim] 
йӢ proclamen, proclaimen   claimenӰ [] 
from Old French proclamer 
Դ ŷ proclamer 
from Latin pr?3m3re} 
Դ  pr?3m3re} 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
cl33re} [to cry out] * see  kel- 2
cl33re} [г] *μ kel- 2
?
proclaimer
n.ʣ
proclamatory
AHD:[pr?-kl2m-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
produce
pro.duce
AHD:[pr-d?s, -dy?s, pr?-] 
D.J.[pr*6du8s, -6dju8s, pr*&-]
K.K.[pr*6dus, -6djus, pro-]
v.ʣ
pro.duced,pro.duc.ing,pro.duc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring forth; yield:

produce offspring.
ܺ
To create by physical or mental effort:
죺Ͷķʽ
produce a tapestry; produce a poem.
̺ʫ
To manufacture:

factories that produce cars and trucks.
ͿĹ
To cause to occur or exist; give rise to:
ʹʹڻ֣ʹ
chemicals that produce a noxious vapor when mixed.
ѧʻϺųж
To bring forth; exhibit:
չʾ
reached into a pocket and produced a packet of matches; failed to produce an eyewitness to the crime.
ڴóһл޷ṩĿ֤
To supervise and finance the making and public presentation of:
ݣලݣ
produce a stage play; produce a videotape.
һ̨磻¼Ӱ
Mathematics To extend (an area or volume) or lengthen (a line).
ѧ 죺ʹչʹߣӳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or yield products or a product:
һֲֻƷ
an apple tree that produces well.
ḻƻ
To manufacture or create economic goods and services.
оüֵĲƷ
n.ʣ
AHD:[pr?d?s, pr?d?s] д prod.
Something produced; a product.
ƷĶƷ
Farm products, especially fresh fruits and vegetables.
ũƷũƷָˮ߲
?
Middle English producen [to proceed, extend] 
йӢ producen [ǰ] 
from Latin pr??cere} [to extend, bring forth] 
Դ  pr??cere} [죬] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
d?e [to lead] * see  deuk- 
d?e [] *μ deuk- 
?
producible  
produceable
adj.ݴʣ
?
produce,bear,yield
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring forth as a product: 
Щʹе˼ǡĳֲƷ 
a mine producing gold;
ɳƽĿ
a seed that finally bore fruit;
տɽӣ
a plant that yields a medicinal oil. 
ɲҽҩ͵ֲ 

= =
product
prod.uct
AHD:[pr?dkt] 
D.J.[6prKd*kt]
K.K.[6pr$d*kt]
n.Abbr. prod.ʣд prod.
Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process.
ƷеȻĶ
A direct result; a consequence:
ֱӽ
Is history the product of impersonal social and economic forces?(Anthony Lewis)
ʷǷ;Ĳ?(ᡤ˹)
Chemistry A substance resulting from a chemical reaction.
ѧ ѧӦɵ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The number or quantity obtained by multiplying two or more numbers together.
˻˵õ
A scalar product.

A vector product.
ʸ
?
Middle English [result of multiplication, produced] 
йӢ [˷Ľ] 
from Medieval Latin pr?m [result of multiplication] 
Դ  pr?m [˷Ľ] 
from neuter past participle of Latin pr??cere} [to bring forth] * see  produce 
Դ  pr??cereԹȥִ} [] *μ produce

= =
production
pro.duc.tion
AHD:[pr-d?kshn, pr?-] 
D.J.[pr*6dJk.*n, pr*&-]
K.K.[pr*6dJk.*n, pro-]
n.Abbr. prod.ʣд prod.
The act or process of producing:
Ϊ̣
timber used for the production of lumber and paper.
ľϺֽľ
The fact or process of being produced:
죺ʵ̣
a movie going into production.
̵ĵӰ
The creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services.
ͨƷṩƸֵƸ
Something produced; a product.
ƷƷƷ
An amount or quantity produced; output.

A work of art or literature.
ƷѧƷ
A work produced for the stage, screen, television, or radio.
ӡ㲥ݳĿΪ̨Ļӻ̨Ʒ
A staging or presentation of a theatrical work:
ݣݻϷƷ
a new Broadway production of a musical.
ݵİϻ־
An exaggerated spectacle or display:
ŵж
proposed on his knees, making a real production of it.
¹飬С
?
productional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
productive
pro.duc.tive
AHD:[pr-d?kt1v, pr?-] 
D.J.[pr*6dJkt!v, pr*&-]
K.K.[pr*6dJkt!v, pro-]
adj.ݴʣ
Producing or capable of producing.
ԵģĻ
Producing abundantly; fertile.See Synonyms at fertile 
ģĵģܴģֵĲμ fertile
Yielding favorable or useful results; constructive.
ģгЧĻõģԵ
Economics Of or involved in the creation of goods and services to produce wealth or value.
ѧ ԵģֵƸĲƷĴĻ֮
Effective in achieving specified results; originative:
ģضЧģµģ
policies productive of much harm.
຦
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
Producing mucus or sputum:
ճҺĻ̵ģ
a productive cough.
̵Կ
Forming new tissue:
֯ģ
a productive inflammation.
֢֯
Linguistics Of or relating to the linguistic skills of speaking and writing.
ѧ йģ˵дԼɵĻ֮йص
?
productively
adv.ʣ
productiveness
n.ʣ

= =
productivity
pro.duc.tiv.i.ty
AHD:[pr?d?k-t1v1-t?, pr?dk-] 
D.J.[7pr*&dJk6t!v!ti8, 7prKd*k-]
K.K.[7prodJk6t!v!ti, 7pr$d*k-]
n.ʣ
The quality of being productive.

Economics The rate at which goods or services are produced especially output per unit of labor.
ѧ ʣָÿλͶĲƷ
Ecology The rate at which radiant energy is used by producers to form organic substances as food for consumers.
̬ѧ ʣʣ̫лΪлṩʳ

= =
profession
pro.fes.sion
AHD:[pr-fshn] 
D.J.[pr*6fe.*n]
K.K.[pr*6fW.*n]
n.ʣ
An occupation requiring considerable training and specialized study:
ְҵҪѵרѧϰҵ
the professions of law, medicine, and engineering.
ɡҽѧ̵ְҵ
The body of qualified persons in an occupation or field:
ͬҵͬУĳһְҵʸ˵壺
members of the teaching profession.
ʦҵԱ
An act or instance of professing; a declaration.
ƣƵΪʵ
An avowal of faith or belief.
ı
A faith or belief:

believers of various professions.


= =
professional
pro.fes.sion.al
AHD:[pr-fsh-nl] 
D.J.[pr*6fe.*n*l]
K.K.[pr*6fW.*n*l]
adj.Abbr. prof.ݴʣд prof.
Of, relating to, engaged in, or suitable for a profession:
רҵģְҵģְҵġְҵصġְҵĻʺְҵģ
a professional field such as law; professional training.
רҵ編ɣְҵѵ
Conforming to the standards of a profession:
ְҵ׼ģ
professional ethics.
ְҵ
Engaging in a given activity as a source of livelihood or as a career:
רҵģְҵģĳһضΪְҵıֶΣ
amateur and professional actors.
ҵרҵԱ
Performed by persons receiving pay:
ְҵԵģܽǮǴµģ
professional football.
ְҵ
Having or showing great skill; expert:
רҵģлֳ߳յģרҵģ
a thoroughly professional repair job.
ȫרҵ
n.Abbr. prof.ʣд prof.
A person following a profession, especially a learned profession.
רҵԱĳְҵˣָѧʵְҵ
One who earns a living in a given or implied occupation:
רҵߣضְҵΪˣ
hired a professional to decorate the house.
һרҵװιװ޷
A skilled practitioner; an expert.
мңҵߣר
?
professionally
adv.ʣ

= =
professor
pro.fes.sor
AHD:[pr-fsr] 
D.J.[pr*6fes*]
K.K.[pr*6fWs+]
n.ʣ
A college or university teacher who ranks above an associate professor.
ڣѧѧԺְƸڸڵĽʦ
A teacher or an instructor.
ʦʦ
One who professes.

?
Middle English professour 
йӢ professour 
from Old French professeur 
Դ ŷ professeur 
from Latin professor 
Դ  professor 
from professus [past participle of] profit?ro [to profess] * see  profess 
Դ professus  [] profit?roĹȥִ [ƣ] *μ profess
?
professorial
AHD:[pr?f1-s?r?-l, -s?r-, pr?f1-] ݴʣ
professorially
adv.ʣ
professorship
n.ʣ

= =
proficiency
pro.fi.cien.cy
AHD:[pr-f1shn-s?] 
D.J.[pr*6f!.*nsi8]
K.K.[pr*6f!.*nsi]
n.ʣ
 pro.fi.cien.cies 
The state or quality of being proficient; competence.
ͨʻ״̬

= =
profile
pro.file
AHD:[pr?fol] 
D.J.[6pr*&7fa!l]
K.K.[6pro7fa!l]
n.ʣ
A side view of an object or a structure, especially of the human head.
棺Ӳۿ죬ָ˵Դ
A representation of an object or a structure seen from the side.See Synonyms at form 
ͼӲۿṹĴμ form
An outline of an object.See Synonyms at outline 
βμ outline
Degree of exposure to public notice; visibility:
̬ȣ̬Թڹĵµı¶ĳ̶ȣܼȣ
kept a low profile until the controversy had abated.
ֱֵ̬
A biographical essay presenting the subject's most noteworthy characteristics and achievements.
Ҫֵעصͳɾ͵ĴԵ
A formal summary or analysis of data, often in the form of a graph or table, representing distinctive features or characteristics:
һͼݵʽͼͼʽֳԵصɫ
a psychological profile of a job applicant; a biochemical profile of blood.
ְߵͼѪҺͼ
Geology A vertical section of soil or rock showing the sequence of the various layers.
ѧ 棺ʯĴֱ棬ʾͬεȺ˳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.filed,pro.fil.ing,pro.files 
To draw or shape a profile of.
衭γɡ
To produce a profile of.
ͼ
?
Italian profilo 
 profilo 
from profilare [to draw in outline] 
Դ profilare [] 
pro- [forward]  from Latin pr?- * see  pro- 1
pro- [ǰ]  Դ  pr?- *μ pro-1
filare [to draw a line]  from Late Latin fil3e [to spin]  from Latin fom [thread] * see  g who- 
filare [һ]  Դ  fil3e [ת]  Դ  fom [] *μ g who- 
?
profiler
n.ʣ

= =
profit
prof.it
AHD:[pr?f1t] 
D.J.[6prKf!t]
K.K.[6pr$f!t]
n.ʣ
An advantageous gain or return; benefit.
棺ر
The return received on a business undertaking after all operating expenses have been met.
һгȥеúõĻر
Often profits 
  profits 
The return received on an investment after all charges have been paid.
еķöͶõĻر
The rate of increase in the net worth of a business enterprise in a given accounting period.
ֵʣڸļڼҵҵľֵӵı
Income received from investments or property.
棺ͶʻƲõ
The amount received for a commodity or service in excess of the original cost.
ԭʼɱƷ
v.ʣ
prof.it.ed,prof.it.ing,prof.its 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a gain or profit.
󣺴
To derive advantage; benefit:
棺úô棺
profiting from the other team's mistakes.See Synonyms at benefit 
һӵʧμ benefit
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be beneficial to.
ڡԡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pr?s [from past participle of] pr?ficere [make progress, to profit] 
Դ  pr?s  [] Դpr?ficereĹȥִ [ȡýչ] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
profitless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
profitable
prof.it.a.ble
AHD:[pr?f1-t-bl] 
D.J.[6prKf!t*b*l]
K.K.[6pr$f!t*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Yielding profit; advantageous or lucrative.See Synonyms at beneficial 
ͼģģĻ׬ǮĲμ beneficial
?
profitability  
profitableness
n.ʣ
profitably
adv.ʣ

= =
profound
pro.found
AHD:[pr-found, pr?-] 
D.J.[pr*6fa&nd, pr*&-]
K.K.[pr*6fa&nd, pro-]
adj.ݴʣ
pro.found.er,pro.found.est 
Situated at, extending to, or coming from a great depth; deep.See Synonyms at deep 
ģλڡ쵽ӺĵطģĲμ deep
Coming as if from the depths of one's being:
µģĳ˱ʵģ
profound contempt.
µĸ
Thoroughgoing; far-reaching:
ԶģᴩģԶģ
profound social changes.
Զ
Penetrating beyond what is superficial or obvious:
ģǳĻԵģ
a profound insight.
Ķ
Unqualified; absolute:
ȫģģȫģ
a profound silence.
һƬྲ
?
Middle English profounde 
йӢ profounde 
from Old French profond 
Դ ŷ profond 
from Latin profundus 
Դ  profundus 
pr?- [before] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ pro-1
fundus [bottom] 
fundus [ײ] 
?
profoundly
adv.ʣ
profoundness
n.ʣ

= =
program
pro.gram
AHD:[pr?gr2m, -grm] 
D.J.[6pr*&7gr#m, -gr*m]
K.K.[6pro7gr#m, -gr*m]
n.ʣ
A listing of the order of events and other pertinent information for a public presentation.
Ŀڹܵİ¼Ϣ˳еĵ
The presentation itself:
Ŀݱ
a program of piano pieces.
ı
A scheduled radio or television show.
ӽĿ㲥ĿԤĹ㲥ݳ
An ordered list of events to take place or procedures to be followed; a schedule:
򰴳һƻ
a program of physical therapy for a convalescent.
Ϊ˶õҽƼƻ
A system of services, opportunities, or projects, usually designed to meet a social need:
ϵͳƻ񡢻ĿϵͳͨΪӭĳһƶ
Working parents rely on the center's after-school latchkey program(New York Times)
ĸĸĿܺͯķ(ŦԼʱ)
A course of academic study; a curriculum.
ѧγ̣ѧоĿγ̣γ̱
A plan or system of academic and related or ancillary activities:
ѧϰƻѧԼػĻƻϵͳ
a work-study program.
߹ѧϰĿγ
A plan or system of nonacademic extracurricular activities:
ѧԿļƻϵͳ
the football program.

A set of coded instructions for insertion into a machine, in accordance with which the machine performs a desired sequence of operations.
ָеһӦԤг
Computer Science 
ѧ 
A procedure for solving a problem that involves collection of data, processing, and presentation of results.
Ƴ򣺽漰ݼԼʾĳ
Such a procedure coded for a computer.
Ϊĳ
An instruction sequence in programmed instruction.
ָ򣺱ָеָ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.grammed  pro.gramed pro.gram.ming  pro.gram.ing pro.grams  pro.grams  
To include or schedule in a program:
ƻڻһƻУ
program a new musical composition.
µĿ
To design a program for; schedule the activities of.
ưŻΪƳ򣻼ƻĻ
To provide (a machine) with a set of coded working instructions.
ָΪṩһ׿ִеָ
Computer Science To provide (a computer) with a set of instructions for solving a problem or processing data.
ѧ дʽṩһ׽ݼ
To train to perform automatically in a desired way, as if programming a machine:
ԷԵѵѵʹһҪķʽԶִУͺ
crudely programming children to make the right responses.
ܴԵѵԷȷķӦ
To prepare an instructional sequence for (material to be taught) in programmed instruction.
ţڼƻѧΪѧϣ׼ѧָĴ
?
Late Latin programma [public notice] 
 programma [] 
from Greek programma  programmat- 
Դ ϣ programma  programmat- 
from prographein [to write publicly] 
Դ prographein [д] 
pro- [forth] * see  pro- 2
pro- [ǰ] *μ pro-2
graphein [to write] * see  gerbh- 
graphein [д] *μ gerbh- 
?
programmability
n.ʣ
programmable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
progress
prog.ress
AHD:[pr?grs, -rs, pr?grs] 
D.J.[6prKg7res, -r*s, 6pr*&7gres]
K.K.[6pr$g7rWs, -r*s, 6pro7grWs]
n.ʣ
Movement, as toward a goal; advance.
ǰĿ˶ǰ
Development or growth:
չչ
pupils who show progress.
ȡýѧ
Steady improvement, as of a society or civilization:
ϵĽȹ̵ĸƣ
a believer in human progress.See Synonyms at development 
ཫϽ˲μ development
A ceremonial journey made by a sovereign through his or her realm.
ѲУѲΣʽó
v.intr.ﶯʣ 
progress
pro.gressed,pro.gress.ing,pro.gress.es[pr-grs]  
To advance; proceed:
ǰ
Work on the new building progressed at a rapid rate.
ٵ޽½
To advance toward a higher or better stage; improve steadily:
߻õĽ׶ǰȶظƣ
as technology progresses.
ż
?
in progress
Going on; under way:
УڽУУ
artistic works that are in progress.
еƷ
?
Middle English progresse 
йӢ progresse 
from Latin pr?s [from past participle of] pr?gredo [to advance] 
Դ  pr?s  [] Դpr?gredoĹȥִ [ǰ] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
grado} [to go, walk] * see  ghredh- 
grado} [ߣ] *μ ghredh- 

= =
progressive
pro.gres.sive
AHD:[pr-grs1v] 
D.J.[pr*6gres!v]
K.K.[pr*6grWs!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Moving forward; advancing.
ģǰģǰ
Proceeding in steps; continuing steadily by increments:
ģһһģȶģ
progressive change.
ѭ򽥽ı仯
Promoting or favoring progress toward better conditions or new policies, ideas, or methods:
ģᳫ֧õߡ˼·ǰģ
a progressive politician; progressive business leadership.
ͣҵ쵼
Progressive Of or relating to a Progressive Party:
 Progressive ģĻйصģ
the Progressive platform of 1924.
һŶĽ
Of or relating to progressive education:
ģڽĽģ֮йصģ
a progressive school.
ʵнѧУ
Increasing in rate as the taxable amount increases:
εģ۽ģ˰һģ
a progressive income tax.
۽˰
Pathology Tending to become more severe or wider in scope:
ѧ صģڸصĻڷΧϸģ
progressive paralysis.
ص̱
Grammar Designating a verb form that expresses an action or condition in progress.
﷨ еģ涨ʽģʽеĶ״̬
n.ʣ
A person who actively favors or strives for progress toward better conditions, as in society or government.
ʿֻ֧ȡõƽˣָ
Progressive A member or supporter of a Progressive Party.
 Progressive ԱԱ֧
Grammar A progressive verb form.
﷨ ʵĽ
?
progressively
adv.ʣ
progressiveness
n.ʣ

= =
prohibit
pro.hib.it
AHD:[pr?-h1b1t] 
D.J.[pr*&6h!b!t]
K.K.[pro6h!b!t]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.hib.it.ed,pro.hib.it.ing,pro.hib.its 
To forbid by authority:
ֹȨֹ
Smoking is prohibited in most theaters.See Synonyms at forbid 
ڴϷԺֹ̲μ forbid
To prevent; preclude:
ֹ⣺
Modesty prohibits me from saying what happened.
ӷ˵
?
Middle English prohibiten 
йӢ prohibiten 
from Latin prohib?e  prohibit- 
Դ  prohib?e  prohibit- 
pro- [in front] * see  pro- 1
pro- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
hab?e [to hold] * see  ghabh- 
hab?e [] *μ ghabh- 

= =
project
proj.ect
AHD:[pr?jkt, -1kt] 
D.J.[6prKd97ekt, -!kt]
K.K.[6pr$d97Wkt, -!kt]
n.ʣ
A plan or proposal; a scheme.See Synonyms at plan 
ƻƻ飻μ plan
An undertaking requiring concerted effort:
̣ҪһЭŬ
a community cleanup project; a government-funded irrigation project.
ƻʵĹȹ
An extensive task undertaken by a student or group of students to apply, illustrate, or supplement classroom lessons.
оƻһѧһѧִʹáſҵĴ
A housing project.
סլ
v.ʣ 
project
pro.ject.ed,pro.ject.ing,pro.jects[pr-jkt]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To thrust outward or forward:
ʹͻǰͻ
project one's jaw in defiance.
ʾ
To throw forward; hurl:
ͶǰͶӣ
project an arrow.
Ͷһ֧
To send out into space; cast:
ӳ䣺ɢ䵽ȥͶ
project a light beam.
Ͷһ
To cause (an image) to appear on a surface:
ͶӳʹһӰӣһϣ
projected the slide onto a screen.
ѻõƬͶӳĻ
Mathematics To produce (a projection).
ѧ ͶӰߣ
To direct (one's voice) so as to be heard clearly at a distance.
ɤƣĳ˵ԱԶܱ
Psychology To externalize and attribute (an emotion, for example) to someone or something else.
ѧ ѸͶڡ¶飩ĳ˻
To convey an impression of to an audience or to others:
ڻ˴ݶԡӡ
a posture that projects defeat; projected a positive corporate image.
ʤƣ﹫˾
To form a plan or an intention for:
ƻΪγһƻһ
project a new business enterprise.
ﻮҵ
To calculate, estimate, or predict (something in the future), based on present data or trends:
Ԥƣڵǰϻƣδĳ£ļ㡢ƻԤ⣺
projecting next year's expenses and income.
Ԥķú
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To extend forward or out; jut out:
ͻǰͻ
beams that project beyond the eaves.See Synonyms at bulge 
ܵμ bulge
To direct one's voice so as to be heard clearly at a distance.
ԼɤԱԶܱ
?
Middle English projecte 
йӢ projecte 
from Latin pr?m [projecting structure] [from neuter past participle of] pr?icere [to throw out] 
Դ  pr?m [ͻṹ]  [] Դpr?icereԹȥִ [ӳ] 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [] *μ y?- 
?
projectable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
prolong
pro.long
AHD:[pr-l?ng, -l?ng] 
D.J.[pr*6l%80, -6lK0]
K.K.[pr*6l%0, -6l$0]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.longed,pro.long.ing,pro.longs 
To lengthen in duration; protract.
ӳӳʱ䣻־
To lengthen in extent.
ڳ̶ϼӳ
?
Middle English prolongen 
йӢ prolongen 
from Old French prolonguer 
Դ ŷ prolonguer 
from Late Latin pr?3re} 
Դ  pr?3re} 
Latin pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
 pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
Latin longus [long] * see  del- 1
 longus [] *μ del- 1
?
prolonger
n.ʣ

= =
prominent
prom.i.nent
AHD:[pr?m-nnt] 
D.J.[6prKm*n*nt]
K.K.[6pr$m*n*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Projecting outward or upward from a line or surface; protuberant.
ͻģֱ߻ƽģͻ
Immediately noticeable; conspicuous.See Synonyms at noticeable 
۵ģע⵽ģ۵Ĳμ noticeable
Widely known; eminent.
ģ㷺֪ģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin pr??ns}  pr?minent- [present participle of] pr?min?re [to jut out] 
Դ  pr??ns}  pr?minent-  [] pr?min?reڷִ [͹] 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
-min?e [to jut, threaten] * see  men- 2
-min?e [в] *μ men- 2
?
prominently
adv.ʣ

= =
promise
prom.ise
AHD:[pr?m1s] 
D.J.[6prKm!s]
K.K.[6pr$m!s]
n.ʣ
A declaration assuring that one will or will not do something; a vow.
ģ֤ĳ˽ĳ»򽫲ĳµ棻
Something promised.
ԣŵԣŵ
Indication of something favorable to come; expectation:
Ԥʾʾ齫Ҫİʾ
a promise of spring in the milder air.
ͷԤʾŴҪ
Indication of future excellence or success:
УϣУǰ;ʾδĳڻɹ
a young player of great promise.
һǰ;Ա
v.ʣ
prom.ised,prom.is.ing,prom.is.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To commit oneself by a promise to do or give; pledge:
ŵ֤ͨҪҪĳŵԼģ
promised a quick answer; left early but promised to return.
ŵ𸴣ȥӦ
To afford a basis for expecting:
֤һԤڵĻ
thunderclouds that promise rain.
ƾͻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a declaration assuring that something will or will not be done.
ģһ֤ĳ½򽫲ᱻ
To afford a basis for expectation:
֤һԻɣ
an enterprise that promises well.
һзչҵ
?
Middle English promis 
йӢ promis 
from Old French promise 
Դ ŷ promise 
from Medieval Latin pr?a 
Դ  pr?a 
alteration of Latin pr?m [from neuter past participle of] pr?mittere [to send forth, promise] 
  pr?  [] Դpr?mittereԹȥִ [ŵ] 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 
?
promiser
n.ʣ
?
promise,covenant,engage,pledge,plight,swear,vow
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to declare solemnly that one will perform or refrain from a particular course of action: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡĳ˽лĳһضΪʽ 
promise to write soon;
ŵܿдţ
covenanting to exchange their prisoners of war;
Ӧս
engaged to reorganize the department;
ŵ齨
pledged to uphold the law;
Ҫطɣ
plighted their loyalty to the king;
ǵҳϣ
swore to get revenge;
Ҫ
vowed they would never surrender. 
ǽͶ 

= =
promising
prom.is.ing
AHD:[pr?m1-s1ng] 
D.J.[6prKm!s!0]
K.K.[6pr$m!s!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Likely to develop in a desirable manner.
ǰ;ģпеķʽչ
?
promisingly
adv.ʣ

= =
promote
pro.mote
AHD:[pr-m?t] 
D.J.[pr*6m*&t]
K.K.[pr*6mot]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.mot.ed,pro.mot.ing,pro.motes 
To raise to a more important or responsible job or rank.
ʹѡεҪĻεĹְλ
To advance (a student) to the next higher grade.
ʹһѧһߵ꼶
To contribute to the progress or growth of; further.See Synonyms at advance 
ٽƽڡĽɳһμ advance
To urge the adoption of; advocate:
ٽʹɣ飺
promote a constitutional amendment.
ܷ
To attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity:
ͨʹܻӭ
commercials promoting a new product.
ٽ²Ʒ۵ҵ
To help to establish or organize (a new enterprise), as by securing financial backing:
죺֯ҵͨб֤ľ֧֣
promote a Broadway show.
ϻݳ
?
Middle English promoten 
йӢ promoten 
from Old French promoter 
Դ ŷ promoter 
from Latin pr??re}  pr?m?t- 
Դ  pr??re}  pr?m?t- 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
mov?e [to move] * see  meu- 
mov?e [ƶ] *μ meu- 
?
promotability
n.ʣ
promotable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
prompt
prompt
AHD:[pr?mpt] 
D.J.[prKmpt]
K.K.[pr$mpt]
adj.ݴʣ
prompt.er,prompt.est 
Being on time; punctual.
ʱģ׼ʱģʱ
Carried out or performed without delay:
̵ģƳٵرִлеģ
a prompt reply.
̴
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prompt.ed,prompt.ing,prompts 
To move to act; spur; incite:
裺ʼж̼
A noise prompted the guard to go back and investigate.
ʹͷ
To give rise to; inspire:
𣻼
The accident prompted a review of school safety policy.
ⳡ¹ѧУȫƶȵķ˼
To assist with a reminder; remind.
ѣĳ
To assist (an actor or a reciter) by providing the next words of a forgotten passage; cue.
ʾͨṩ¼һԱߣʾ
n.ʣ
The act of prompting or giving a cue.
ѣʾѻ谵ʾΪ
A reminder or cue.
ʾ
Computer Science A symbol that appears on a monitor to indicate that the computer is ready to receive input.
ѧ ʾʾıʾ׼ýķ
Business 
óס 
A prompt note.
֪ͨ
The time limit stipulated in a prompt note.
ޣ֪ͨʱ
?
Middle English [ready] 
йӢ [׼õ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pr?s [from past participle of] pr?mere [to bring forth] 
Դ  pr?s  [] Դpr?mereĹȥִ [] 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
emere [to take, obtain] * see  em- 
emere [ߣ] *μ em- 
?
prompter
n.ʣ
promptitude
AHD:[pr?mpt1-t?d, -ty?d]   promptness [pr?mptn1s] ʣ
promptly
adv.ʣ

= =
prone
prone
AHD:[pr?n] 
D.J.[pr*&n]
K.K.[pron]
adj.ݴʣ
Lying with the front or face downward.
Եģŵ
Having a tendency; inclined:
Сģģ
paper that is prone to yellowing; children who are prone to mischief.
׷Ƶֽĺ
adv.ʣ
In a prone manner:
Եأӣ
The patient was lying prone on the bed.
˸ڴ
?
Middle English [inclined, disposed] 
йӢ [бģ] 
from Latin pr?s [leaning forward] * see  per 1
Դ  pr?s [ǰ] *μ per 1
?
pronely
adv.ʣ
proneness
n.ʣ
?
prone,supine,prostrate,recumbent
These adjectives mean lying down, as on the ground.
ЩݴΪڵϡ
 Prone   refers to lying face downward with the front of the body facing the surface on which it rests: 
 Prone  ָţǰĵ棺 
The spaniel lay prone on the floor, his long ears draped over his extended front legs.
ֻԪſڵذϣĶֱǰϡ
Supine   means lying down on the back: 
Supine  ָţ 
The victim was supine on the stretcher.
ܺڵϡ
Prostrate  denotes lying down flat or at full length: 
Prostrate  ָƽŻֱţ 
the prostrate trunk of a coconut tree (Herman Melville).The word often implies that a prone or a supine position has been assumed out of humiliation, submission, helplessness, or 
physical or emotional incapacity: 
Ҭֱɡ Ĭ÷άʾʾΪ衢ѱܵһָԻƣ 
Heselrigge, as he lay prostrate . . . implored for life (Jane Porter).
񡭵ڵʱ 򡤱أ
 Recumbent  means lying down in a position of comfort or rest: 
 Recumbent  ָʻɵţ 
The picnickers were recumbent on thick moss under a big tree. 
Ұ͵ڴº̦޺ʵ 

= =
pronoun
pro.noun
AHD:[pr?noun] 
D.J.[6pr*&7na&n]
K.K.[6pro7na&n]
n.Abbr. pron.,pr.Grammar ʣд pron.,pr.﷨ 
One of a class of words that function as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and designate persons or things asked for, previously specified, or understood from the context.
ʣǴʻʴָָġԤѡȷĻĿɱ˻µĴ

= =
pronounce
pro.nounce
AHD:[pr-nouns] 
D.J.[pr*6na&ns]
K.K.[pr*6na&ns]
v.ʣ
pro.nounced,pro.nounc.ing,pro.nounc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use the organs of speech to make heard (a word or speech sound); utter.
ʹ÷ʹʻ
To say clearly, correctly, or in a given manner:
ȷءȷ˵֣һּȶķʽ˵
learning to pronounce French; pronounced my name wrong.
ѧȷҵ
To represent (a word) in phonetic symbols.
ע
To declare officially or formally:
棺ٷʽΪ
pronounced the legislature to be in session; was pronounced dead on arrival.
ڿ᣻һʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To say words; speak.
˵˵
To declare one's opinion; make a pronouncement:
ĳԼĿƣ
pronouncing on the issues of the day.
Խⷢ
?
Middle English pronouncen 
йӢ pronouncen 
from Old French prononcier 
Դ ŷ prononcier 
from Latin pr??nti3re} 
Դ  pr??nti3re} 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
n?3re} [to announce]  from n?s [messenger] * see  neu- 
n?3re} []  Դ n?s [˿] *μ neu- 
?
pronounceable
adj.ݴʣ
pronouncer
n.ʣ

= =
pronunciation
pro.nun.ci.a.tion
AHD:[pr-n?ns?-3shn] 
D.J.[pr*7nJnsi86e!.*n]
K.K.[pr*7nJnsi6e.*n]
n.Abbr. pron.ʣд pron.
The act or manner of pronouncing words; utterance of speech.
Ϊʽ˵
A way of speaking a word, especially a way that is accepted or generally understood.
˵һʵķʽָԱܻձķʽ
A graphic representation of the way a word is spoken, using phonetic symbols.
˵һʸ﷽ʾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French prononciation 
Դ ŷ prononciation 
from Latin pr??nti3ti?}  pr?n?nti3ti?n- 
Դ  pr??nti3ti?}  pr?n?nti3ti?n- 
from pr??nti3tus} [past participle of] pr?n?nti3re [to pronounce] * see  pronounce 
Դ pr??nti3tus}  [] pr?n?nti3reĹȥִ [] *μ pronounce
?
pronunciational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
proof
proof
AHD:[pr?f] 
D.J.[pru8f]
K.K.[pruf]
n.Abbr. prf.ʣд prf.
The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.
֤ݣ֤ʹ˼ܶΪʵ֤ݻ۱
The validation of a proposition by application of specified rules, as of induction or deduction, to assumptions, axioms, and sequentially derived conclusions.
֤ͨضĹһ֤ʵ﷨͹ɷм衢ó
A statement or an argument used in such a validation.
֤ʣ֤ԣ֤ʵĳ
Convincing or persuasive demonstration:
֤ʵŻ˵ʵ֤
was asked for proof of his identity; an employment history that was proof of her dependability.
Ҫ֤ʵݣ֤ʵĿɿ
The state of being convinced or persuaded by consideration of evidence.
õϿɣ֤ͨݶȷŻ˵״̬
Determination of the quality of something by testing; trial:
飬飺ͨĳµʣ飺
put one's beliefs to the proof.
˵
Law The result or effect of evidence; the establishment or denial of a fact by evidence.
ɡ ֤ݣ֤ݵĽЧ֤ͨݶʵȷϻ
The alcoholic strength of a liquor, expressed by a number that is twice the percentage by volume of alcohol present.
ǿȱ׼ĳ־Ƶľƾǿȣִƾٷֱʾ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A trial sheet of printed material that is made to be checked and corrected.Also called  proof sheet 
ʽţУĴӡϵĲֽҲ  proof sheet
A trial impression of a plate, stone, or block taken at any of various stages in engraving.
ëߣӡʯͷʯڵ̵ĸ׶ʱӡ
A trial photographic print.
õƬӡ
Any of a limited number of newly minted coins or medals struck as specimens and for collectors from a new die on a polished planchet.
ֱΪ걾ɵǮһռڹ⻬ӲͿһɫ
Archaic Proven impenetrability:
 ͸ԣ֤ǲܱ͸ģ
I was clothed in Armor of proof(John Bunyan)
ŵǹ֮ס(Լ)
adj.ݴʣ
Fully or successfully resistant; impervious. Often used in combination:
͡ģģȫػɹصƵģܴ͸ġںϳɴУ
waterproof watches; a fireproof cellar door.
ˮؽ
Of standard alcoholic strength.
׼ģб׼ƾǿȵ
Used in proving or making corrections.
Уõģ֤УԵ
v.ʣ
proofed,proof.ing,proofs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
To make a trial impression of (printed or engraved matter).
ӡУӡˢӡ
To proofread (copy).
Уԣӡ
To activate (dormant dry yeast) by adding water.
棺ˮʹø鲻õĸɴĸ
To work (dough) into proper lightness.
ͣѣţɺȵ
To treat so as to make resistant:
ʹ߷ԣԷˮ
proof a fabric against shrinkage.
ʹ֯ﲻˮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Printing To proofread.
ӡˢ У
To become properly light for cooking:
ͣʺ
The batter proofed overnight.
ѷһ
?
Middle English prove, preve 
йӢ prove, preve 
from Anglo-Norman prove 
Դ Ӣ prove 
and from Old French prueve 
Դ ŷ prueve 
both from Late Latin proba 
Դ  proba 
from Latin prob3e [to prove] * see  prove 
Դ  prob3e [֤] *μ prove
?
proofer
n.ʣ

= =
propaganda
prop.a.gan.da
AHD:[pr?p-g2nd] 
D.J.[7prKp*6g#nd*]
K.K.[7pr$p*6g#nd*]
n.ʣ
The systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause or of information reflecting the views and interests of those people advocating such a doctrine or cause.
һѧ˵ҵϢϵͳ䷴ӳѧ˵ҵ˵Ĺ۵
Material disseminated by the advocates of a doctrine or cause:
ϣһѧ˵ҵĳɢĲϣ
the selected truths, exaggerations, and lies of wartime propaganda.
ѡʵԼսʱĻ
Propaganda Roman Catholic Church A division of the Roman Curia that has authority in the matter of preaching the gospel, of establishing the Church in non-Christian countries, and of 
administering Church missions in territories where there is no properly organized hierarchy.
 Propaganda ̡ ܻ᣺ԪԺһ֧ڸڷǻ̵Ĺнáûȷ֯ȼƶȵĵ쵼õĴ
?
New Latin 
ִ 
short for Sacra Congreg3? d? Pr?pagand3 Fide} [Sacred Congregation for Propagating the Faith (established 1622)] 
 Sacra Congreg3? d? Pr?pagand3 Fideļд} [Ϊʥƣ1662꣩] 
from ablative feminine gerundive of Latin pr?3g3re} [to propagate] * see  propagate 
Դ  pr?3g3reĶԶδ} [] *μ propagate
?
propagandism
n.ʣ
propagandist
n.ʣ
propagandistic
adj.ݴʣ
propagandistically
adv.ʣ

= =
propagate
prop.a.gate
AHD:[pr?p-g3t] 
D.J.[6prKp*7ge!t]
K.K.[6pr$p*7get]
v.ʣ
prop.a.gat.ed,prop.a.gat.ing,prop.a.gates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (an organism) to multiply or breed.
ֳʹл壩
To breed (offspring).
ֳ
To transmit (characteristics) from one generation to another.
ʹŴѣص㣩һһ
To cause to extend to a broader area or larger number; spread:
ɢʹĵţɢ
missionaries who propagate the faith.
Ľʿ
To make widely known; publicize:
ʹӣʹ㷺֪ʹ֪
propagate a rumor.
ʹ
Physics To cause (a wave, for example) to move in some direction or through a medium; transmit.
ѧ ʹĳƶͨý
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have offspring; multiply.
ֳŮĿ
To extend to a broader area or larger number; spread.
չϴչ
Physics To move through a medium.
ѧ ͨú鴫
?
Latin pr?3g3re}  pr?p3g3t- * see  pag- 
 pr?3g3re}  pr?p3g3t- *μ pag- 
?
propagable
AHD:[-g-bl] ݴʣ
propagative
adj.ݴʣ
propagator
n.ʣ

= =
propel
pro.pel
AHD:[pr-pl] 
D.J.[pr*6pel]
K.K.[pr*6pWl]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.pelled,pro.pel.ling,pro.pels 
To cause to move forward or onward.See Synonyms at push 
ƽʹǰƶƶμ push
?
Middle English propellen 
йӢ propellen 
from Latin pr?e 
Դ  pr?e 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
pellere [to drive] * see  pel- 5
pellere [ʹ] *μ pel- 5

= =
proper
prop.er
AHD:[pr?pr] 
D.J.[6prKp*]
K.K.[6pr$p+]
adj.Abbr. prop.ݴʣд prop.
Characterized by appropriateness or suitability; fitting:
ʵģʺϻӦصģǡģ
the proper knife for cutting bread; not a proper moment for a joke.See Synonyms at fit 1
ĵǿЦĺʱμ fit1
Called for by rules or conventions; correct:
׼ȷģͳҪģȷģ
the proper form for a business letter.
ҵźȷʽ
Strictly following rules or conventions, especially in social behavior; seemly:
Ϻ̵ģϸѭͳģָ罻Ϊ棻ģ
a proper lady; a proper gentleman.
һλнŮһλнʿ
Belonging to one; own:
ӵеģĳԼģԼģ
restored to his proper shape by the magician.
ħʦָԭ
Characteristically belonging to the being or thing in question; peculiar:
ߵģʵģضģ
an optical effect proper to fluids.
ҺеĹѧЧ
Being within the strictly limited sense, as of a term designating something:
޵ģϸ޶巶Χ֮ڵģ
the town proper, excluding the suburbs.
ϸϵĳв
Ecclesiastical For use in the liturgy of a particular feast or season of the year.
̻᡿ ضõģһ֮ضĿʽе
Mathematics Of or relating to a subset of a given set when the set has at least one element not in the subset.
ѧ ģһһĳӼʱӼģ֮йص
Worthy of the name; true:
ʵģƵģģ
wanted a proper dinner, not just a snack.
ҪһͣǵĶ
Out-and-out; thorough:
ȫģ׵ģ
a proper whipping.
׵ı޴
adv.ʣ
Thoroughly:
ȫأ׵أ
beat the eggs good and proper.
׵ص鼦
n.also ʣ Ҳ 
Proper ̻᡿
The parts of the liturgy that vary according to the particular feast or season of the year.
ضǣʽһ֣һضĽջ򼾽ڶ仯
?
Middle English propre 
йӢ propre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin proprius * see  per 1
Դ  proprius *μ per 1
?
properly
adv.ʣ
properness
n.ʣ

= =
property
prop.er.ty
AHD:[pr?pr-t?] 
D.J.[6prKp*ti8]
K.K.[6pr$p*ti]
n.ʣ
 prop.er.ties д prop.
Something owned; a possession.
Ʋռеĳռ
A piece of real estate:
ز
my country property.
µĵز
Something tangible or intangible to which its owner has legal title:
ӵзȨλεĳ
properties such as copyrights and trademarks.
Ȩ̱
Possessions considered as a group.
ʲܳƣռ
The right of ownership; title.
ӵеȨȨ
An article, except costumes and scenery, that appears on the stage or on screen during a dramatic performance.
ߣ˻ױƷͲϷг̨Ļϵ
A characteristic trait or peculiarity, especially one serving to define or describe its possessor.
ԣԣԻָ֮ͬдռߵ
A characteristic attribute possessed by all members of a class.See Synonyms at quality 
еԣĳʵȫԱӵеɫμ quality
A special capability or power; a virtue:
ܣԣ
a medicine with special properties.
ܵҩ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French propriete 
Դ ŷ propriete 
from Latin propriet3s [ownership]  translation of Greek idiot?s * see  idiot 
Դ  propriet3s [ռȨ]   ϣ idiot? *μ idiot
from proprius [one's own] * see  per 1
Դ proprius [ĳԼ] *μ per 1
?
propertyless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
prophet
proph.et
AHD:[pr?f1t] 
D.J.[6prKf!t]
K.K.[6pr$f!t]
n.ʣ
A person who speaks by divine inspiration or as the interpreter through whom the will of a god is expressed.
֪ʾ˵˻Ϊ־Ĳ
A person gifted with profound moral insight and exceptional powers of expression.
Ԥߣиӵĵ¶ͷǷı
A predictor; a soothsayer.
ԤδߣߣԤδ
The chief spokesperson of a movement or cause.
ᳫߣ˶ҵҪ
Prophets (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Bible The second of the three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures, comprising the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, 
Ezekiel, and the Twelve.See table at Bible 
 Prophets 뵥ãʥ ֪飺ϣʥֵĵڶԼǼǣʿʦǣĸǣǣǣҮ飬ʮ֪μ 
Bible
?
Middle English prophete 
йӢ prophete 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin proph?a 
Դ  proph?a 
from Greek proph??s} 
Դ ϣ proph??s} 
pro- [before] * see  pro- 2
pro- [ڡ֮ǰ] *μ pro-2
-ph??s} [speaker]  from phanai [to speak] * see  bh3- 2
-ph??s} [˵]  Դ phanai [˵] *μ bh3- 2
?
prophethood
n.ʣ

= =
proportion
pro.por.tion
AHD:[pr-p?rshn, -p?r-] 
D.J.[pr*6p%8.*n, -6p*&r-]
K.K.[pr*6p%r.*n, -6por-]
n.ʣ
A part considered in relation to the whole.
֣Ϊйصһ
A relationship between things or parts of things with respect to comparative magnitude, quantity, or degree:
漰ɱȽϵĴС̶ȵ֮Ĺϵ
the proper proportion between oil and vinegar in the dressing.
ʱͺʹ׵ʵ
A relationship between quantities such that if one varies then another varies in a manner dependent on the first:
ʣ֮һֹϵֹϵһ仯һһӦı仯
We do not always find visible happiness in proportion to visible virtue(Samuel Johnson)
ǻֿᷢɼҸһɼ³ɱ(ѶԼѷ)
Agreeable or harmonious relation of parts within a whole; balance or symmetry.
ƣƽ⣺и֮ЭгĹϵƽԳ
Often proportions Dimensions; size.
  proportions ݻС
Mathematics A statement of equality between two ratios. Four quantities,a, b, c, d,  are said to be in proportion if ? = ?. 
ѧ ֮ȵ״̬? = ?ĸabcd ͱΪɱ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.por.tioned,pro.por.tion.ing,pro.por.tions 
To adjust so that proper relations between parts are attained.
ʹɱʹʹɱϵ
To form the parts of with balance or symmetry.
ʹƽ⣬ʹԳƣγɴƽԳƵĸ
?
Middle English proporcion 
йӢ proporcion 
from Old French proportion 
Դ ŷ proportion 
from Latin pr??}  pr?porti?n- 
Դ  pr??}  pr?porti?n- 
from pr??ne} [according to (each) part] 
Դ pr??ne} [ݣÿһ] 
pr?} [according to] * see  pro- 1
pr?} [] *μ pro-1
porti?e [ablative of] porti? [part] * see  per- 2
porti?e  [] porti?Ķ [] *μ per- 2
?
proportionable
adj.ݴʣ
proportionably
adv.ʣ
proportioner
n.ʣ
proportionment
n.ʣ
?
proportion,harmony,symmetry,balance
These nouns are compared as they mean aesthetic arrangement, as in a design, marked by proper distribution of elements.
ЩָѧʱɽбȽϣУԸԪ֮ɱķֲΪص㡣
 Proportion  is the agreeable or harmonious relation of parts within a whole: 
 Proportion  ڸ֮гЭĹϵ 
The house, of Spanish colonial design, has rooms with graciousness of proportion and beautiful details.
ֳʱƷķӣ䶼кгıϸ΢֡
Harmony  is the pleasing interaction or appropriate combination of elements: 
Harmony  ָԪ˵໥û˵Ľϣ 
The harmony of her face is not diminished by her imperfect nose.
ıӲûнĺг
Symmetry   andbalance both imply an arrangement of parts and details on either side of a dividing line, butsymmetry  frequently emphasizes exact or mirror-image correspondence of 
parts, whilebalance  often suggests dissimilar parts that offset each other to make a harmonious and satisfying whole:  
Symmetry  balance ʾڷֽľֲϸڵİţ symmetry ǿ־ȷ෴һ£ balance ָͨ໥γɺг
ĲƲ֣  
Beds of iris were set out in perfect symmetry around a pool filled with water lilies.
ƬƬѻǳԳƵسڿˮɻĳܡ
In all perfectly beautiful objects, there is found the opposition of one part to another, and a reciprocal balance (John Ruskin).
УɷһһֵĶ໥ƽ⡱ Լ˹

= =
proportional
pro.por.tion.al
AHD:[pr-p?rsh-nl, -p?r-] 
D.J.[pr*6p%8.*n*l, -6p*&r-]
K.K.[pr*6p%r.*n*l, -6por-]
adj.Abbr. P.R.ݴʣд P.R.
Forming a relationship with other parts or quantities; being in proportion.
ɱģಿֻγһֹϵģɱ
Properly related in size, degree, or other measurable characteristics; corresponding:
ЭģڴС̶Ȼɲص㷽ǡصģӦģ
Punishment ought to be proportional to the crime.
ͷӦӦ
Mathematics Having the same or a constant ratio.
ѧ ɳȵģͬĻıʵ
n.ʣ
One of the quantities in a mathematical proportion.
ѧϳɱ֮һ
?
proportionality
AHD:[-sh-n2l1-t?] ʣ
proportionally
adv.ʣ

= =
proposal
pro.pos.al
AHD:[pr-p?zl] 
D.J.[pr*6p*&z*l]
K.K.[pr*6poz*l]
n.ʣ
The act of proposing.
ģὨΪ
A plan that is proposed.
飺һƻ
An offer of marriage.


= =
propose
pro.pose
AHD:[pr-p?z] 
D.J.[pr*6p*&z]
K.K.[pr*6poz]
v.ʣ
pro.posed,pro.pos.ing,pro.pos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put forward for consideration, discussion, or adoption; suggest:
飺Թǡۻɣ飺
propose a change in the law.
޸ķ
To recommend (a person) for a position, office, or membership; nominate.
Ƽƾ٣ĳˣĳλáְλΪԱ
To offer (a toast to be drunk).
ٱףΪɱ
To make known as one's intention; purpose or intend:
ͼͼΪĳ˵Ը֪㣺
proposed to buy and run a farm.
㹺򲢾Ӫһũ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form or make a proposal, especially of marriage.
飬飺һ飬ָ
?
Middle English proposen 
йӢ proposen 
from Old French proposer 
Դ ŷ proposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to put, place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [ţط] *μ pose1
of Latin pr??nere} 
  pr??nereı仯} 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
p?e [to put] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 
?
proposer
n.ʣ
?
propose,pose,propound,submit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to present something for consideration or discussion: 
Ще˼ǡĳԹǻۡ 
propose a solution to a problem;
ķ
a situation posing many questions and problems;
ƣ
propound a theory;
һۣ
submitting a plan. 
ύһƻ 

= =
proposition
prop.o.si.tion
AHD:[pr?p-z1shn] 
D.J.[7prKp*6z!.*n]
K.K.[7pr$p*6z!.*n]
n.Abbr. prop.ʣд prop.
A plan suggested for acceptance; a proposal.
飬飺ܵļƻ
Informal A matter to be dealt with; a task:
ʽ Ҫ
Finding an affordable apartment will be a difficult proposition.
Ҫҵһ丶ĹԢǼ
Informal An offer of a private bargain, especially a request for sexual relations.
ʽ н׵飺˽½׵飬ָԹϵҪ
A subject for discussion or analysis.
⣺ۻ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
A statement in which the subject is affirmed or denied by the predicate.
⣺ⱻν֤ʵ񶨵ĳ
Something that is expressed in a statement, as opposed to the way it is expressed.
У෴ڳбĳ£뱻ķʽԵĳ
A statement containing only logical constants and having a fixed truth-value.
⣺ֻ߼߹̶ĳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
prop.o.si.tioned,prop.o.si.tion.ing,prop.o.si.tions ʽ 
To propose a private bargain to, especially to propose sexual relations with.
ܽףһ׮˽½ףָ롭Թϵ
?
Middle English proposicion 
йӢ proposicion 
from Old French proposition 
Դ ŷ proposition 
from Latin pr??}  pr?positi?n- [setting out in words] 
Դ  pr??}  pr?positi?n- [Կͷ] 
from pr?s [past participle of] pr?p?nere [to set forth] * see  propose 
Դ pr?s  [] pr?p?nereĹȥִ [] *μ propose
?
propositional
adj.ݴʣ
propositionally
adv.ʣ

= =
prose
prose
AHD:[pr?z] 
D.J.[pr*&z]
K.K.[proz]
n.ʣ
Ordinary speech or writing, without metrical structure.
ɢ壺ͨдûɽṹ
Commonplace expression or quality.
ƽ棺ͨı
Roman Catholic Church A hymn of irregular meter sung after the gradual.
̡ ̣ʥ裺׸󳪵ʥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
prosed,pros.ing,pros.es 
To write prose.
дɢ
To speak or write in a dull, tiresome style.
ζأд˵һƽζķʽ˵д
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pr??r3ti?)} [straightforward (discourse)] [feminine of] pr?sus 
Դ  pr??r3ti?)} [ֱֱȥģ]  [] pr?susԴ 
alteration of pr?s 
 pr? 
from pr?s [past participle of] pr?vertere [to turn forward] 
Դ pr?s  [] pr?vertereĹȥִ [ǰת] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
vertere [ת] *μ wer- 2

= =
prospect
pros.pect
AHD:[pr?spkt] 
D.J.[6prKs7pekt]
K.K.[6pr$s7pWkt]
n.ʣ
Something expected; a possibility.
ڴĳ
prospects 
 prospects 
Chances.

Financial expectations, especially of success.
չϵָڳɹ
A potential customer, client, or purchaser.
ܵĹ˿ͣһܵĹ˿͡ί˻
A candidate deemed likely to succeed.
ϣˣΪܿҪɹĺѡ
The direction in which an object, such as a building, faces; an outlook.
壨罨ԵķҰ
Something presented to the eye; a scene:
羰ǰĳ羰
a pleasant prospect.
һĿķ羰
The act of surveying or examining.
죺Ϊ
The location or probable location of a mineral deposit.
пؼ󴦣пصĵطпصĵط
An actual or probable mineral deposit.
ʯأȷʵĻܵĿ
The mineral yield obtained by working an ore.
ɿõĿ
v.ʣ
pros.pect.ed,pros.pect.ing,pros.pects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil.
̽죺̽󣨿صȣΪֿض죨һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To explore for mineral deposits or oil.
̽󣺿̽ػʯ
?
Middle English prospecte 
йӢ prospecte 
from Latin pr?s [distant view] [from past participle of] pr?spicere [to look out] 
Դ  pr?s [Զ]  [] Դpr?spicereĹȥִ [⿴] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 

= =
prospective
pro.spec.tive
AHD:[pr-spkt1v] 
D.J.[pr*6spekt!v]
K.K.[pr*6spWkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Likely or expected to happen.
ϣģܻᷢ
Likely to become or be:
ԤڵģҪΪǡģ
prospective clients.
δľ
?
prospectively
adv.ʣ

= =
prosperity
pros.per.i.ty
AHD:[pr?-spr1-t?] 
D.J.[prK6sper!ti8]
K.K.[pr$6spWr!ti]
n.ʣ
The condition of being prosperous.
٣ʢ״

= =
prosperous
pros.per.ous
AHD:[pr?spr-s] 
D.J.[6prKsp*r*s]
K.K.[6pr$sp*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having success; flourishing:
ٵģóɹģʢģ
a prosperous new business.
һҳɹ¹˾
Well-to-do; well-off:
ԣģģ
a prosperous family.
ԣһ
Propitious; favorable:
˳ģģģ
a prosperous moment to make a decision.
ʱ
?
prosperously
adv.ʣ
prosperousness
n.ʣ

= =
protect
pro.tect
AHD:[pr-tkt] 
D.J.[pr*6tekt]
K.K.[pr*6tWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.tect.ed,pro.tect.ing,pro.tects 
To keep from being damaged, attacked, stolen, or injured; guard.See Synonyms at defend 
ʹܵ𻵣͵˺μ defend
To help (domestic industry) with tariffs or quotas on imported goods.
óױͨ˰ͽڻڹҵ
To assure payment of (drafts or notes, for example) by setting aside funds.
֧ʽԱ֤֧ƱƱݣ
?
Middle English protecten 
йӢ protecten 
from Latin pr?e  pr?t?ct- 
Դ  pr?e  pr?t?ct- 
pr?- [in front] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
tegere [to cover] * see  (s)teg- 
tegere [] *μ (s)teg- 
?
protectingly
adv.ʣ

= =
protection
pro.tec.tion
AHD:[pr-tkshn] 
D.J.[pr*6tek.*n]
K.K.[pr*6tWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of protecting.
Ķ
The condition of being protected.
ܵ״̬
One that protects.
ߣ𱣻õĶ
A pass guaranteeing safe-conduct to travelers.
֤ͨһʹ߰ȫ֤ͨ
A system of tariffs or other measures protecting domestic producers from foreign competition.
óױƶȣ˰ϵͳʩϵͳԱܹ⾺
Slang 
ٵ 
Money extorted by racketeers threatening violence for nonpayment.
ѣǮвʹñҪǮ
Bribes paid to officials by racketeers for immunity from prosecution.
ѣթƭΪڱ߶ԱṩĻ¸
?
protectional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
protective
pro.tec.tive
AHD:[pr-tkt1v] 
D.J.[pr*6tekt!v]
K.K.[pr*6tWkt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Adapted or intended to afford protection.
ģڻṩ
n.ʣ
Something that protects.
ṩĳƷ
?
protectively
adv.ʣ
protectiveness
n.ʣ

= =
protein
pro.tein
AHD:[pr?t?n, -t?-1n] 
D.J.[6pr*&7ti8n, -ti8!n]
K.K.[6pro7tin, -ti!n]
n.ʣ
Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. 
Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an 
organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.
ʣһָӵлӵϣ̼⡢ͨһɵʣϸĻɲ֣ʣø
ɺͿ壬ЩʶлģǶʳıɷݣԳɳ֯Ҫɴ㡢ţ̺ͶʳƷеȡ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
protein compounds; protein diets.
ʻʷḻʳ
?
French protine 
 protine 
from Late Greek pr?s [of the first quality] 
Դ ϣ pr?s [һ] 
from Greek pr?s [first] * see  per 1
Դ ϣ pr?s [һ] *μ per 1
?
proteinaceous
AHD:[pr?tn-3shs, pr?t?-n3-]   prote.inic [pr?t?-1n1k] ݴʣ

= =
protest
pro.test
AHD:[pr-tst, pr?-, pr?tst] 
D.J.[pr*6test, pr*&-, 6pr*&7test]
K.K.[pr*6tWst, pro-, 6pro7tWst]
v.ʣ
pro.test.ed,pro.test.ing,pro.tests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To object to, especially in a formal statement.See Synonyms at object 
ԡ飺ԣʽʽԲμ object
To promise or affirm with earnest solemnity:
ŵȷϣ
He continually protested his profound respect(Frank Norris)
еľ⡱(ˡŵ˹)
Law To declare (a bill) dishonored or refused.
ɡ ܾ֧Ʊݣܻܾ
Archaic To proclaim or make known:
 ƻ򹫲
unrough youths that even now/Protest their first of manhood(Shakespeare)
ʹʱڣҲʼչʾǵ֮(ɯʿ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express strong objection.
飺ǿҵķ
To make an earnest avowal or affirmation.
֣صĻ϶
n.ʣ
AHD:[pr?tst] 
A formal declaration of disapproval or objection issued by a concerned person, group, or organization.
飺йԱ֯ıʾ޳ɻ򷴶Եʽ
An individual or collective gesture or display of disapproval.
ˣ巴ԣ˻ʾԵ̬
Law 
ɡ 
A formal statement drawn up by a notary for a creditor declaring that the debtor has refused to accept or honor a bill.
ܸ֤飺ɹ֤ݵʽ֪ծծȨ˾ܾܻжҵƱ
A formal declaration made by a taxpayer stating that the tax demanded is illegal or excessive and reserving the right to contest it.
飺˰ʽָҪɵ˰ΪǷ򳬳׼ԴɵȨ
?
Middle English protesten 
йӢ protesten 
from Old French protester 
Դ ŷ protester 
from Latin pr?3ro} 
Դ  pr?3ro} 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
test3o} [to testify]  from testis [witness] * see  trei- 
test3o} [֤]  Դ testis [Ŀ] *μ trei- 
?
protester
n.ʣ
protestingly
adv.ʣ

= =
prototype
pro.to.type
AHD:[pr?t-top] 
D.J.[6pr*&t*7ta!p]
K.K.[6prot*7ta!p]
n.ʣ
An original type, form, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are based or judged.
ԭͣһԭ͡ʽ֤Ϊڽ׶εĻģ
An early, typical example.
ȵĵ
Biology A primitive or ancestral form or species.
ѧ ԭΣһԭȻʼԵ̬
?
French 
 
from Greek pr?n [from neuter of] pr?totupos [original] 
Դ ϣ pr?n  [] Դpr?totuposԴ [] 
pr?- [proto-] 
pr?- [ǰ׺ģԭʼġ] 
tupos [model] 
tupos [ģ] 
?
prototypal
AHD:[-topl]   proto.typic [-t1p1k]   proto.typ.i.cal [-1-kl] ݴʣ

= =
proud
proud
AHD:[proud] 
D.J.[pra&d]
K.K.[pra&d]
adj.ݴʣ
proud.er,proud.est 
Feeling pleasurable satisfaction over an act, a possession, a quality, or a relationship by which one measures one's stature or self-worth:
ģԺģĳжռƷʻĳ˺ԼλҼֵĹϵеֵģ
proud of one's child; proud to serve one's country.
ΪԼĺӶеԺΪܱЧҶԺ
Occasioning or being a reason for pride:
еٵģΪԺɵģ
On January 1, 1900, Americans and Europeans greeted the twentieth century in the proud and certain belief that the next hundred years would make all things possible(W. Bruce 
Lincoln)
190011գ˺ŷһԺᶨӭ20͵ĵΪһһ꽫ʹһ鶼Ϊܡ(W.³˹ֿ)
Feeling or showing justifiable self-respect.
ģеʾ
Filled with or showing excessive self-esteem.
߰ģʾȵĵ
Of great dignity; honored:
𾴵ģϵģи߹ϵģ𾴵ģ
a proud name.
𾴵
Majestic; magnificent:
׳ģûʵģׯϵģģ
proud alpine peaks.
׳ɽ
Spirited. Used of an animal:
ģġݶ
proud steeds.
Ŀ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English pr?d 
Դ Ӣ pr?d 
from Old French prou, prud [brave, virtuous] [oblique case of] prouz 
Դ ŷ prou, prud [¸ҵģֱ]  [] prouzļӸ 
from Vulgar Latin *pr?s 
Դ  *pr?s 
from Late Latin pr?e [advantageous] 
Դ  pr?e [] 
from Latin pr?e [to be good] 
Դ  pr?e [] 
pr?- [for]  variant of pr?- * see  pro- 1
pr?- [Ϊ]   pr? *μ pro-1
esse [to be] * see  es- 
esse [] *μ es- 
?
proudly
adv.ʣ
proudness
n.ʣ
?
proud,arrogant,haughty,disdainful,supercilious
These adjectives mean filled with or marked by a high opinion of oneself and disdain for what one views as being unworthy.
ЩݴʶʾʾԼ߶ȵۼԼΪ޼ֵıӡ
 Proud  can suggest dignity or justifiable self-respect or self-satisfaction,but it often implies conceit or vanity: 
 Proud  ɱʾϻУ־ٵ˼ 
There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight (Woodrow Wilson). 
Ȼһˣǽòмȥս ޡѷ 
I pray God to keep me from being proud (Samuel Pepys).One who isarrogant  is overbearingly proud and demands more power or consideration than is warranted:  
ϵԶ뽾 Ѷƥ˹Arragant רؽҪõӦõĻҪȨעˣ  
All sensibly gave him wide berth, for he was a dangerous-looking man, chewing a toothpick with the arrogant sullenness of one who is willing to commit violence (Stephen Hunter).
ǵظһλΪһ࣬ϲʵʩ˵ְŭ飬ǩ ˹ٷҡأ
 Haughty  suggests lofty, condescending pride,as by reason of high birth or station: 
 Haughty  ָ󡢹Ľڳ߹Ӹλԭ 
We hardly know an instance of the strength and weakness of human nature so striking and so grotesque as the character of this haughty, vigilant, resolute, sagacious blue-stocking 
[Frederick the Great]   (Macaulay).
ǼҲһԵ߰ᶨǻ۵ŮѧߵԸĿ͹   
 Disdainful   emphasizes scorn or contempt: 
 Disdainful  ǿӣ 
Nor [let] grandeur hear with a disdainful smile,/The short and simple annals of the poor   (Thomas Gray).
ȲҪ ߹ߴӵЦ/˶ƽһ  ˹ף
 Supercilious  implies haughty disdain: 
 Supercilious  и֮߰⣺ 
His mother eyed me in silence with a supercilious air (Tobias Smollett).
ĸһĿһеļһضҡ бȰ˹˹Ħأ

= =
prove
prove
AHD:[pr?v] 
D.J.[pru8v]
K.K.[pruv]
v.ʣ
proved  prov.en [pr?vn] prov.ing,proves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To establish the truth or validity of by presentation of argument or evidence.
֤ͨʾ۾ݻ֤ȷʵԻЧ
Law To establish the authenticity of (a will).
ɡ 飺ȷȨ
To determine the quality of by testing; try out.
飺ͨⶨ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To demonstrate the validity of (a hypothesis or proposition).
֤˵һ⣩ȷ
To verify (the result of a calculation).
㣺֤ʵһ
Printing To make a sample impression of (type).
ӡˢ ӡӡ棩Ʒ
Archaic To find out or learn (something) through experience.
 飬᣺ͨ鷢ֻ֪ĳ£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be shown to be such; turn out:
ʾ֤ǡʾ˵ģǣ
a theory that proved impractical in practice.
һ֤ʵвʵõ
?
prove out
To turn out well; succeed.
ɹܺãɹ
?
Middle English proven 
йӢ proven 
from Old French prover 
Դ ŷ prover 
from Latin prob3e [to test] 
Դ  prob3e [飬] 
from probus [good] * see  per 1
Դ probus [õ] *μ per 1
?
provability  
provableness
n.ʣ
provable
adj.ݴʣ
provably
adv.ʣ
prover
n.ʣ
?
Proved  is actually the older form of the past participle; proven  is a Scottish variant that was first introduced into wider usage in legal contexts: 
Proved ʵǹȥʽĽʽ proven ʵո壬 ڷõ㷺ʹã 
The jury ruled that the charges were not proven. 
жָز 
Both forms are now well established in written English as participles: 
ʽӢΪִȫܣ 
He has proved (or proven ) his point. 
֤ˣ proven ) Ĺ۵㡣 
The claims have not been proved (or proven ). 
ЩҪȨûб֤ʵ proven ) 
However,proven  is more common when the word is used as an adjective before a noun: a proven talent.  
Ȼproven ǰݴʱΪã a proven talent  

= =
provide
pro.vide
AHD:[pr-vod] 
D.J.[pr*6va!d]
K.K.[pr*6va!d]
v.ʣ
pro.vid.ed,pro.vid.ing,pro.vides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish; supply:
Ӧṩ
provide food and shelter for a family.
Ϊͥṩʳס
To make available; afford:
ʹܱõṩ
a room that provides ample sunlight through French windows.
һгͨشķ
To set down as a stipulation:
涨Ϊ涨ȷ
an agreement that provides deadlines for completion of the work.
һ涨޵ĺԼ
Archaic To make ready ahead of time; prepare.
 ׼ǰ׼ãԤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take measures in preparation:
ȡԤʩ
provided for the common defense of the states in time of war.
ΪսʱĹͬ׼
To supply means of subsistence:
ṩƣ
She provides for her family by working in a hospital.
ҽԺ
To make a stipulation or condition:
涨ƶ
The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature.
ܷ涨ԺƵ
?
Middle English providen 
йӢ providen 
from Latin pr??re} [to provide for] 
Դ  pr??re} [ṩ] 
pr?- [forward] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
vid?e [to see] * see  weid- 
vid?e [] *μ weid- 

= =
provided
pro.vid.ed
AHD:[pr-vod1d] 
D.J.[pr*6va!d!d]
K.K.[pr*6va!d!d]
conj.Ӵʣ
On the condition; if:
ڡ£
will pay the bonus provided the job is completed on time.See Usage Note at providing 
ʱɵĻμ providing

= =
province
prov.ince
AHD:[pr?v1ns] 
D.J.[6prKv!ns]
K.K.[6pr$v!ns]
n.Abbr. prov.ʣд prov.
A territory governed as an administrative or political unit of a country or an empire.
ʡһһ۹бΪһελͳεĵ
Ecclesiastical A division of territory under the jurisdiction of an archbishop.
̻᡿ ʡɴ̹ϽĽ
provinces Areas of a country situated away from the capital or population center.
 provinces ʡһԶ׶˿ܼ
A comprehensive area of knowledge, activity, or interest:
֪ʶȤһΧ
a topic falling within the province of ancient history.See Synonyms at field 
һڹŴʷĿμ field
The range of one's proper duties and functions; scope or jurisdiction.
ְһȷְ÷ΧϽΧ
Ecology An area of land, less extensive than a region, having a characteristic plant and animal population.
̬ѧ صһ򣬱ȵҪСصֲͶȺ
Any of various lands outside Italy conquered by the Romans and administered by them as self-contained units.
ʡⱻĲΪĵλǹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pr?a 
Դ  pr?a 

= =
provision
pro.vi.sion
AHD:[pr-v1zhn] 
D.J.[pr*6v!9*n]
K.K.[pr*6v!9*n]
n.ʣ
The act of supplying or fitting out.
ӦṩװĶ
Something provided.
ӦƷӦƷ
A preparatory action or measure.
׼Ԥжʩ
provisions A stock of necessary supplies, especially food.
 provisions һЩƷʳĴ
A stipulation or qualification, especially a clause in a document or an agreement.
һֹ涨ָһļЭе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.vi.sioned,pro.vi.sion.ing,pro.vi.sions 
To supply with provisions.
ṩԱƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [forethought] 
Դ ŷ [ȼ] 
from Latin pr?osi?}  pr?vosi?n- 
Դ  pr?osi?}  pr?vosi?n- 
from pr?osus} [past participle of] pr?vid?re [to foresee, provide for] * see  provide 
Դ pr?osus}  [] pr?vid?reĹȥִ [Ԥ׼] *μ provide
?
provisioner
n.ʣ

= =
provocative
pro.voc.a.tive
AHD:[pr-v?k-t1v] 
D.J.[pr*6vKk*t!v]
K.K.[pr*6v$k*t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Tending to provoke.
Ƶ
?
provocative
n.ʣ
provocatively
adv.ʣ
provocativeness
n.ʣ

= =
provoke
pro.voke
AHD:[pr-v?k] 
D.J.[pr*6v*&k]
K.K.[pr*6vok]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pro.voked,pro.vok.ing,pro.vokes 
To incite to anger or resentment.
𣺼ŭԹ޵
To stir to action or feeling.
ɿж
To give rise to; evoke:
ʹ֣
provoke laughter.
һЦ
To bring about deliberately; induce:
£⵼££
provoke a fight.
һս
?
Middle English provoken 
йӢ provoken 
from Old French provoquer 
Դ ŷ provoquer 
from Latin pr?3re} [to challenge] 
Դ  pr?3re} [ս] 
pr?- [forth] * see  pro- 1
pr?- [ǰ] *μ pro-1
voc3e [to call] * see  wek w- 
voc3e [ٻ] *μ wek w- 
?
provokingly
adv.ʣ
?
provoke,incite,excite,stimulate,arouse,rouse,stir
These verbs are compared in the sense of moving a person to action or feeling or summoning something into being by moving a person in this way.
ЩΪĳ˲ȡĳжĳַָʽĳ˴ӶĳʱȽϡ
 Provoke,   the least explicit with respect to means,frequently does little more than state the consequences produced: 
 Provoke  ڷʽȷָͨĺ 
Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath (Shakespeare). 
ϣҵĴⲻἤŭ ɯʿǣ 
A situation which in the country would have provoked meetings (John Galsworthy).Toincite  is to provoke and urge on:  
һҪ»ἤ۵״ Լ߶˹磩Incite Ǽͼǰ˼  
The insurrection was incited by members of the outlawed opposition.
ЩӵķɳԱġ
Excite  especially implies the provoking of a strong reaction or powerful emotion: 
Excite  ָǿҵķӦҵУ 
The play is bound to fail; the plot excites little interest or curiosity. Tostimulate  is to excite to activity or to renewed vigor of action as if by spurring or goading:  
ϷעʧܣڼڰȤͺġ Stimulate ָƺ̻ľһʹж³  
Our vigilance was stimulated by our finding traces of a large . . . encampment (Francis Parkman).
ǷһδģפӪۼʹ߾ ˹
 Arouse   androuse  suggest awakening, as from inactivity or apathy; 
 Arouse  rouse ʹӲĮ״̬֮⣻ 
 rouse,  the stronger term,often implies incitement to vigorous or animated activity or excitement of strong emotion: 
 rouse  ϽǿһЩָлĻǿҵĸ飺 
In a democratic society like ours, relief must come through an aroused popular conscience that sears the conscience of the people's representatives (Felix Frankfurter). 
һУֻеĹڵ֪Ⱦڴ֪ʱǲܸеġ ˹˸أ 
His mother . . . endeavored to rouse him from this passive state (Washington Irving). 
ĸסͼʹ״̬ ʢ١ŷģ 
The oceangoing steamers . . . roused in him wild and painful longings (Arnold Bennett).Tostir  is to prompt to activity, to arouse strong but usually agreeable feelings, or to provoke 
trouble or commotion:  
м˿ʹĿ ŵ¡أStir ˼ʹԾǿҵл鷳ɧ  
It was him as stirred up th' young woman to preach last night (George Eliot). 
ĶŮϽв Ρأ 
I have seldom been so . . . stirred by any piece of writing (Mark Twain). 
Һ١һƪж ˡ£ 
Men blame you that you have stirred a quarrel up (William Butler Yeats).See also Synonyms at  annoy 
Ǵ㣬Ϊһˡ աҶ֥μͬ annoy

= =
proximity
prox.im.i.ty
AHD:[pr?k-s1m1-t?] 
D.J.[prKk6s!m!ti8]
K.K.[pr$k6s!m!ti]
n.ʣ
The state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next; closeness:
ӽڽٽٵ״̬ʡоʵӽ
Swift's major writings have a proximity and a relevance that is splendidly invigorating(M.D. Aeschliman)See Usage Note at close See Usage Note at redundancy 
˹صҪƷһ˷ǳикʵ塱(M.D.˹)μ closeμ redundancy
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French proximite 
Դ ŷ proximite 
from Latin proximit3s 
Դ  proximit3s 
from proximus [nearest] * see  proximate 
Դ proximus [] *μ proximate

= =
psychological
psy.cho.log.i.cal
AHD:[sok-l?j1-kl]  Ҳ psy.cho.log.ic [-l?j1k] 
D.J.[7sa!k*6lKd9!k*l] Ҳ psy.cho.log.ic [-6lKd9!k]
K.K.[7sa!k*6l$d9!k*l] Ҳ psy.cho.log.ic [-6l$d9!k]
adj.Abbr. psych.,psychol.ݴʣд psych.,psychol.
Of or relating to psychology:
ѧĻѧйصģ
psychological research; psychological jargon.
ѧоѧ
Of, relating to, or arising from the mind or emotions.
ģеģйصĻ
Influencing or intended to influence the mind or emotions:
ӰӰеģ
psychological warfare.
ս
Color Of or being any of certain primary colors whose mixture may be subjectively conceived as producing other colors.
ɫʡ ɫģĳЩԭɫģЩԭɫĻʹ۵Ϊ˱ɫ
?
psychologically
adv.ʣ

= =
public
pub.lic
AHD:[p?bl1k] 
D.J.[6pJbl!k]
K.K.[6pJbl!k]
adj.Abbr. pub.ݴʣд pub.
Of, concerning, or affecting the community or the people:
ģڵģڵģйصĻӰڵģ
the public good.

Maintained for or used by the people or community:
õģΪڻᱣĻʹõģ
a public park.
԰
Capitalized in shares of stock that can be traded on the open market:
йеģɿгϽ׵Ĺɷṩʽģ
a public company.
йеĹ˾
Participated in or attended by the people or community:
ڲģڻģ
Opinions are formed in a process of open discussion and public debate(Hannah Arendt)
һϵеĹۺ͹ڵγɵġ(ȡ)
Connected with or acting on behalf of the people, community, or government:
ڵģģڡϵģڡµģ
public office.
ְ
Open to the knowledge or judgment of all:
֪ģ˶֪Ļ򹫿еģ
a public scandal.
˽֪ĳ
n.Abbr. pub.ʣд pub.
The community or the people as a whole.
ڣΪһ
A group of people sharing a common interest:
ͬߣйͬȤһȺˣ
the reading public.
ߴ
Admirers or followers, especially of a famous person.See Usage Note at collective noun 
׷ߣ߻׷ߣָһ˵׷ߺͳ߲μ collective noun
?
go public
To become publicly owned, by launching shares of stock onto the open market:
۹ƱͨѹƱͶ빫гʹΪӵУ
The company went public after having been closely held for 12 years.
˾ڱܵؿʮ֮ڹٹ
go public withʽ
To reveal to the public a previously unknown or secret piece of information:
ڣǰΪ֪ܵڣ
The president finally had to go public with the scandal.
ͳֻа׮Ź֮
in public
In such a way as to be visible to the scrutiny of the people:
أһܱй۲ķʽ
A career is born in public-talent in privacy(Marilyn Monroe)
ҵǻ˽¹ĲǶγɵġ(ա)
?
Middle English publik 
йӢ publik 
from Old French public 
Դ ŷ public 
from Latin p?s 
Դ  p?s 
alteration  influenced by p??s} [adult population] * see  puberty 
   p??sӰ} [˿] *μ puberty
of poplicus 
 poplicusı仯 
from populus [people] 
Դ populus [] 
[of Etruscan origin] 
[Դ³] 
?
publicness
n.ʣ

= =
publication
pub.li.ca.tion
AHD:[p?bl1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7pJbl!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7pJbl!6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. pub.,publ.ʣд pub.,publ.
The act or process of publishing printed matter.
棬ӡӡˢϵĶ͹
An issue of printed material offered for sale or distribution.
һڳۻַӡˢ
Communication of information to the public.
Ϣ߹
?
Middle English publicacioun [act of making public] 
йӢ publicacioun [ʹж] 
from Old French publicacion 
Դ ŷ publicacion 
from Latin p?3ti?}  p?blic3ti?n- 
Դ  p?3ti?}  p?blic3ti?n- 
from p?3tus} [past participle of] p?blic3re [to make public] 
Դ p?3tus}  [] p?blic3reĹȥִ [ʹ] 
from p?s [public] * see  public 
Դ p?s [] *μ public

= =
publicity
pub.lic.i.ty
AHD:[p?-bl1s1-t?] 
D.J.[pJ6bl!s!ti8]
K.K.[pJ6bl!s!ti]
n.ʣ
Information that concerns a person, a group, an event, or a product and that is disseminated through various media to attract public notice.
ϢΪڵעִͨý鷢Ĺڸˡ塢¼ƷϢ
Public interest, notice, or notoriety achieved by the spreading of such information.
ЧãϢĴĹڵȤעڹеĶ
The act, process, or occupation of disseminating information to gain public interest.
ϢȤжְ̻ҵ
The condition of being public.
ڵ״
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
publicity programs; a publicity department.
ŽĿŲ
?
French publicit 
 publicit 
from public [public] 
Դ public [] 
from Old French * see  public 
Դ ŷ *μ public

= =
publish
pub.lish
AHD:[p?bl1sh] 
D.J.[6pJbl!.]
K.K.[6pJbl!.]
v.ʣ
pub.lished,pub.lish.ing,pub.lish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To prepare and issue (printed material) for public distribution or sale.
Ϊл۶׼棨ӡˢƷ
To bring to the public attention; announce.See Synonyms at announce 
ڵע⣻μ announce
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To issue a publication.
һֳ
To be the writer or author of published works or a work.
ΪƷ߻
?
Middle English publicen, publishen [to make known publicly] 
йӢ publicen, publishen [ʹ֪] 
from Old French publier 
Դ ŷ publier 
from Latin p?3re} * see  publication 
Դ  p?3re} *μ publication
?
publishable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pudding
pud.ding
AHD:[p?d1ng] 
D.J.[6p&d!0]
K.K.[6p&d!0]
n.ʣ
A sweet dessert, usually containing flour or a cereal product, that has been boiled, steamed, or baked.
һͨ򿾹Ƴɵʳ
A mixture with a soft, puddinglike consistency.
ƲĶһ񲼶һճĻ
A sausagelike preparation made with minced meat or various other ingredients stuffed into a bag or skin and boiled.
һɷڻƤƳɵ㳦Ʒ
?
Middle English [a kind of sausage] 
йӢ [һ㳦] 
from Old French boudin 
Դ ŷ boudin 

= =
puff
puff
AHD:[p?f] 
D.J.[pJf]
K.K.[pJf]
n.ʣ
A short, forceful exhalation of breath.
Ϣ̴ٶĺ
A short, sudden gust of wind.
һ磺һ̴ٶͻȻķ
A brief, sudden emission of air, vapor, or smoke.
һ̴̣ٶͻȻɢ
A short, sibilant sound produced by a puff.
ɺɵĶ̴ٵ
An amount of vapor, smoke, or similar material released in a puff.
̣һκɢʵ
An act of drawing in and expelling the breath, as in smoking tobacco.
ʱͺΪ
A swelling or rounded protuberance.
ͻĽ
Puff pastry.
ɵĸ
A light, soft pad for applying powder or lotion.
ˣʩۻͿҩˮ
A gathered, protruding portion of fabric.
ͻĲ֣֯ߡͻĲ
A light, padded bed covering.
ëһĴ
An approving or flattering recommendation.
ƨͬеƼ
A piece of writing, as on the jacket of a book, containing often exaggerated praise, used for promotional purposes.
ֿ޵£һƪͨдķƤҳԴĳ֮ʵ
Genetics A localized region of swelling in certain chromosomes indicating the active synthesis of DNA and RNA.
Ŵѧ ȾɫĽϲ֣ĳЩȾɫϱǺͺǺԳɷֵľֲ
v.ʣ
puffed,puff.ing,puffs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To blow in puffs.
һ̴ٶش
To come forth in puffs:
һز
steam puffing from an engine.
ӷ
To breathe forcefully and rapidly:
ҿٵغ
huffed and puffed up the stairs.
Ϣ¥
To emit puffs.

To take puffs on smoking material:
̣Ʒ
puffing on a cigar.
ѩ
To swell or seem to swell, as with pride or air. Often used withup : 
⣺ڰȶͻ͡up ã 
He puffed up and glared at the importuning questioner.
ֺض׷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To emit or give forth in puffs.
ɢ򷢳
To impel with puffs.
̣ʹ
To smoke (a cigar, for example).
ѩѣ
To inflate or distend.
ͣͻʹ
To fill with pride or conceit.
⣬Դ󣺳Ը
To publicize with often exaggerated praise:
þǿŵ
publishers who puff their new books.
ܴǵ
?
From Middle English puffen [to puff] 
Դ йӢ puffen [] 
from Old English pyffan 
Դ Ӣ pyffan 
[perhaps of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
puffily
adv.ʣ
puffiness
n.ʣ
puffy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pull
pull
AHD:[p?l] 
D.J.[p&l]
K.K.[p&l]
v.ʣ
pulled,pull.ing,pulls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To apply force to so as to cause or tend to cause motion toward the source of the force.
ʩʹԴƶ
To remove from a fixed position; extract:
γ£ӹ̶λƿγ
The dentist pulled the tooth.
ҽεǿ
To tug at; jerk or tweak.
Ȼһš
To rip or tear; rend.
˺ѣѣ˺˺
To stretch (taffy, for example) repeatedly.
ϵ죨磬̫ǣ
To strain (a muscle, for example) injuriously.
ˣ˺ԵŤˣ磬⣩
Informal To attract; draw:
ʽ գ
a performer who pulls large crowds.
Ա˴Ⱥ
Slang To draw out (a weapon) in readiness for use:
ٵ γ׼ʹã
pull a gun; pulled a knife on me.
γǹһѵ
Informal To remove:
ʽ Ų
pulled the engine; pulled the tainted meat product from the stores.
棻Ѹõӵ
Baseball To hit (a ball) in the direction one is facing when the swing is carried through.
 ǰͶĳԵķ
Nautical 
 
To operate (an oar) in rowing.
ҡڻʱʹã
To transport or propel by rowing.
Իƽͨƽ
To be rowed by:
ɡ
That boat pulls six oars.

To rein in (a horse) to keep it from winning a race.
ƥʹڱ޷ʤ
Printing To produce (a print or an impression) from type.
ӡˢ ӡˢͨӡˢǦ죨ӡˢƷӡǣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert force in moving something toward that force.
ĳ﷢ʹ֮ķƶ
To drink or inhale deeply:
룺
pulled on the cold beer with gusto; pull on a cigarette.
ڵغȱơƣ
Nautical To row a boat.
 
Informal To express or feel great sympathy or empathy:
ʽ ͬ飬ͬУеǿҵ֧֣ͬ
We're pulling for our new President.
ʾͳ֧
n.ʣ
The act or process of pulling.
Ķ
Force exerted in pulling or required to overcome resistance in pulling.
ǣʱõģʱʩҪ˷
A sustained effort:
ϵŬ
a long pull across the mountains.
ΪԽɽĲŬ
Something, such as a knob on a drawer, that is used for pulling.
֣ϵİֵĶ
A deep inhalation or draft, as on a cigarette or of a beverage.
̻ϴڵ
Slang A means of gaining special advantage; influence:
ٵ Ӱôİ취Ӱ
The lobbyist has pull with the senator.
˵߶ԲԱӰ
Informal Ability to draw or attract; appeal:
ʽ 
a star with pull at the box office.
Ʊ
?
pull away
To move away or backward; withdraw:
ˣ뿪ƿƣˣ
The limousine pulled away from the curb.
γʻ·
To move ahead:
ǰƽ
The horse pulled away and took the lead in the race.
ƥǰ岢ڱȡ
pull back
To execute an orderly withdrawal, especially of troops.
ˣִָĳ
pull down
To demolish; destroy:
ٻƻ
pull down an old office building.
ݻһɰ칫¥
To reduce to a lower level.
һϵ͵ˮƽ
To depress, as in spirits or health.
˥򽡿½
Informal To draw (money) as wages:
ʽ ãǮΪ꣺
pulls down a hefty salary.
õһнˮ
pull in
To arrive at a destination:
Ŀĵأ
We pulled in at midnight.
ҹִ
To rein in; restrain.
Լ
To arrest (a criminal suspect, for example).
磬ɷ
pull off ʽ
To perform in spite of difficulties or obstacles; bring off:
ɣѺϰȻУɣɹ
pulled off a last-minute victory.
ȡһӵʤ
pull out
To leave or depart:
뿪룺
The train pulls out at noon.
緢
To withdraw, as from a situation or commitment:
ĳ־ŵг
After the crash, many Wall Street investors pulled out.
б֮󣬻ֵͶ߶
pull over
To bring a vehicle to a stop at a curb or at the side of a road:
ͣ·ߣ·ͣס
We pulled over to watch the sunset.
ͣ³
To instruct or force (a motorist) to bring his or her vehicle to a stop at a curb or at the side of a road:
ͣ·ߣָʾʹĦгͣ·ߣ
The state trooper pulled the speeding motorist over.
ݾٵĦгְѳͣ·
pull round
To restore or be restored to sound health.
ʹָָָ򱻻ָõĽ״
pull through
To come or bring successfully through trouble or illness.
ɹͻࣺɹͨ˷鷳򼲲
pull up
To bring or come to a halt.
ʹͣ»ͣ
To move to a position or place ahead, as in a race.
ǰڱƶȵλûط
?
pull a fast oneʽ
To play a trick or perpetrate a fraud.
ƭˣƻƭ
pull (oneself) together
To regain one's composure.
ָ
pull (one's) punch 
pull (one's) punches
To refrain from deploying all the resources or force at one's disposal:
ʹãʹĳ֧ȫԴ
didn't pull any punches during the negotiations.
̸Ҫǧټ
pull (one's) weight
To do one's own share, as of work.
ĳԼһ
pull out all the stopsʽ
To deploy all the resources or force at one's disposal:
ȫʹĳ֧ȫԴ
The Inaugural Committee pulled out all the stops when arranging the ceremonies.
ְίԱǧټƺЩʽ
pull (someone's) leg
To play a joke on; tease.
ȡЦĳ˵ģЦȡЦ
pull strings 
pull wires ʽ
To exert secret control or influence in order to gain an end.
ܲݣΪﵽĳĿĶʵʩܵĲݻӰ
pull the plug onٵ
To remove all restraints on:
ųƣ
The federal government pulled the plug on deficit spending(Christian Science Monitor)
ȡ˶Գֿ֧ȫơ(̿ѧԱ)
pull the rug (out) from underʽ
To remove all support and assistance from, usually suddenly.
ͻȻȡͨͻȻȡԡȫֺ֧Ͱ
pull the wool over (someone's) eyes
To deceive; hoodwink.
ƭɻ
pull together
To make a joint effort.
ͬŬ
pull up stakes
To clear out; leave:
Ѹ뿪ĳأ뿪
She pulled up stakes in New England and moved to the desert.
뿪ӢƾɳĮش
?
Middle English pullen 
йӢ pullen 
from Old English pullian 
Դ Ӣ pullian 
?
puller
n.ʣ
?
pull,drag,draw,haul,tow,tug
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause something to move toward the source of an applied force: 
Ще˼ǡʹĳʩķƶ 
pull a sled up a hill;
ѩɽ
drag furniture across the floor;
ѼҾϵذһߣ
draw up a chair;
Ųһӣ
hauling wood from the forest;
ɭľϣ
a car towing a trailer;
ϳ
tugging at the oars. push 
ǣ push

= =
pulse
pulse 1
AHD:[p?ls] 
D.J.[pJls]
K.K.[pJls]
n.ʣ
The rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck.
󲿺;ɸойɵɵĶн
A regular or rhythmical beating.
ɶйɻнĲ
A single beat or throb.
һβ
Physics 
ѧ 
A brief, sudden change in a normally constant quantity:
壺ͨԳ㶨еĶ̴ٶͻȻı仯
a pulse of current; a pulse of radiation.
壻
Any of a series of intermittent occurrences characterized by a brief, sudden change in a quantity.
һĳ̴ٶͻȻı仯ΪһϵмЪԳ
The perceptible emotions or sentiments of a group of people:
УɲһȺ˵ĸ
a man who had . . . his finger on the pulse of America(Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.)
иˡ(С˹P.)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
pulsed,puls.ing,puls.es 
To pulsate; beat:

The nation pulsed with music and proclamation, with rages and moral pretensions(Lance Morrow)See Synonyms at pulsate 
ֺԼŭ͵ŶԾ(˹Ī)μ pulsate
Physics To undergo a series of intermittent occurrences characterized by brief, sudden changes in a quantity.
ѧ һϵԶ̴ٶͻȻ仯ΪļЪԷ
?
take the pulse of
To judge the mood or views of (a political electorate, for example):
жжϣ磬ѡ񣩵⣺
The politician was able to take the pulse of the grassroots voters without becoming overly absorbed.
λμҿԲ̫Ͱѡ̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin pulsus [from past participle of] pellere [to beat] * see  pel- 5
Դ  pulsus  [] ԴpellereĹȥִ [] *μ pel- 5
?
pulse
pulse 2
AHD:[p?ls] 
D.J.[pJls]
K.K.[pJls]
n.ʣ
The edible seeds of certain pod-bearing plants, such as peas and beans.
㶹ͶĳЩֲĿʳ
A plant yielding these seeds.
Щӵֲ
?
Middle English pols 
йӢ pols 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin puls [pottage of meal and pulse] 
Դ  puls [Ͷాɵ] 
probably ultimately from Greek poltos 
Դ ϣ poltos 

= =
pump
pump 1
AHD:[p?mp] 
D.J.[pJmp]
K.K.[pJmp]
n.ʣ
A machine or device for raising, compressing, or transferring fluids.
ˮһѹҺĻеװ
Physiology A molecular mechanism for the active transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane.
ѧ ãʹӻϸĤķӽṹ
Physics Electromagnetic radiation used to raise atoms or molecules to a higher energy level.
ѧ ŷܣԭӻϸܼĵŷ
v.ʣ
pumped,pump.ing,pumps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise or cause to flow by means of a pump.
ñó飺ñʹ
To draw, deliver, or pour forth as if with a pump:
ע룺ñת򵹣
pumped new life into the economy.
Ϊע
To remove the water from:
ˮӡȥˮ
pump out a flooded basement.
ѵˮ
To cause to move with the up-and-down motion of a pump handle:
ʹñ³鶯ʹõֱ˶ƶ
a bicyclist pumping the pedals.
гµ̤
To propel, eject, or insert with or as if with a pump.
ȡûñƽ
Physics To raise (atoms or molecules) to a higher energy level by exposing them to electromagnetic radiation at a resonant frequency.
ѧ ܣѣӻӣ¶һƵʵĵŷʹߵһϸߵȼ
Physiology To transport (ions or molecules) against a concentration gradient by the expenditure of chemically stored energy.
ѧ ͣͨԻѧʽѣӻӣ͵һб
To question closely or persistently:
׷ʣܻ򲻶ϵѯʣ
pump a witness for secret information.
һ֤׷Ի鱨
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To operate a pump.
һ
To raise or move gas or liquid with a pump.
ԳˮˮñƶҺ
To move up and down in the manner of a pump handle.
³鶯ʹññķʽƶ
?
pump up
To inflate with gas by means of a pump:
ñóʹͣ
pump up a tire.
̥
Slang To fill with enthusiasm, strength, and energy:
ٵ ʹܣʹ顢
The lively debate really pumped us up.
ԾıʵʹǺ˷
Sports To be actively involved in a bodybuilding program:
˶ ڽ˶زμһ
I saw him pumping up at the gym.
ҿض
?
pump iron˶
To lift weights.

?
Middle English pumpe 
йӢ pumpe 
?
pumper
n.ʣ
?
pump
pump 2
AHD:[p?mp] 
D.J.[pJmp]
K.K.[pJmp]
n.ʣ
A woman's shoe that has medium or high heels and no fastenings.
ЬеȻܸߵ޴ŮЬ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
punch
punch 1
AHD:[p?nch] 
D.J.[pJnt.]
K.K.[pJnt.]
n.ʣ
A tool for circular or other piercing:
λʽ͸Ĺߣ
a leather punch.
Ƥ
A tool for forcing a pin, bolt, or rivet in or out of a hole.
ѹһְѶ˨íγС׵Ĺ
A tool for stamping a design on a surface.
ѹӡһڱϴӡͼĹ
A tool for making a countersink.
˿׵Ĺ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
punched,punch.ing,punch.es 
To use a punch or use a punch on.
ʹôôڡϴ
?
Middle English pounce, punche 
йӢ pounce, punche 
from Old French poin?on, ponchon * see  puncheon 1
Դ ŷ poin?on, ponchon *μ puncheon1
V., from Middle English pouncen, punchen [to prick] 
ʣԴ йӢ pouncen, punchen [̣] 
from Old French poin?oner, ponchoner [to emboss with a punch] * see  punch 2
Դ ŷ poin?oner, ponchoner [ѹӡڡϸͼ] *μ punch2
?
punch
punch 2
AHD:[p?nch] 
D.J.[pJnt.]
K.K.[pJnt.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
punched,punch.ing,punch.es 
To hit with a sharp blow of the fist.
ȭȭͷͻ
To poke or prod with a stick.
ù̻
Western U.S. To herd (cattle).
 ϣţ
To depress (a key or button, for example) in order to activate a device or perform an operation:
Ϊʹĳһװлĳ磬Ŧ
punched the repeat key; punched in the number on the computer.
¡ظ¼ϵ
n.ʣ
A blow with the fist.
ȭͷ
Vigor or drive.See Synonyms at vigor 
ϲμ vigor
?
punch in
To check in formally at a job upon arrival.
򿨣üʱڿڿϴӡϰʱ
punch out
To check out formally at a job upon departure.
򿨣üʱڿڿϴӡ°ʱ
Slang To eject from a military aircraft.
ٵ Ӿ÷ɻų
?
beat to the punch
To make the first decisive move:
Եж
a marketing team that beat all the competitors to the punch.
ĳ֯侺شж
?
Middle English punchen [to thrust, prod, prick] 
йӢ punchen [ƣ̣] 
from Old French poin?onner, ponchonner [to emboss with a punch] 
Դ ŷ poin?onner, ponchonner [] 
from poin?on, ponchon [pointed tool] * see  puncheon 1
Դ poin?on, ponchon [ͷ] *μ puncheon1
?
punchless
adj.ݴʣ
?
punch
punch 3
AHD:[p?nch] 
D.J.[pJnt.]
K.K.[pJnt.]
n.ʣ
A beverage of fruit juices and sometimes carbonated water or soda, often spiced and mixed with a wine or liquor base.
Ȥһֹ֭ϣʱ̼ˮմˮͨζڵײѾƻ
?
Perhaps from Hindi pa?c- [five-] 
Դ ӡ pa?c- [ǰ׺ʾ塱] 
from Sanskrit pa?ca [(from the hypothesis that it was originally prepared from five ingredients)] * see  penk we 
Դ  pa?ca [Դڸԭϻ϶ɵļ裩] *μ penk we 
?
Punch
Punch
AHD:[p?nch] 
D.J.[pJnt.]
K.K.[pJnt.]
n.ʣ
The quarrelsome hook-nosed husband of Judy in the comic puppet showPunch and Judy.  
ȤͳľżȤ аǵӥǵľżϵɷ 
?
pleased as Punch
Highly pleased; gratified.
ǳֵģ
?
Short for Punchinello 
 Punchinelloļд

= =
punctual
punc.tu.al
AHD:[p?ngkch?-l] 
D.J.[6pJ0kt.u8*l]
K.K.[6pJ0kt.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Acting or arriving exactly at the time appointed; prompt.
׼ʱģȷԼʱж򵽴׼ʱ
Paid or accomplished at or by the appointed time.
ڵģԼʱԼʱΪֹɵ
Precise; exact.
ȷģȷе
Confined to or having the nature of a point in space.
ģڿռһĻпռϵʵ
?
Middle English [sharp-pointed] 
йӢ [] 
from Medieval Latin p?3lis} 
Դ  p?3lis} 
from Latin p?m [point] [from neuter past participle of] pungere [to prick] * see  pungent 
Դ  p?m []  [] ԴpungereԹȥִ [] *μ pungent
?
punctuality
AHD:[-2l1-t?]   punctu.al.ness [-l-n1s] ʣ
punctually
adv.ʣ

= =
punish
pun.ish
AHD:[p?n1sh] 
D.J.[6pJn!.]
K.K.[6pJn!.]
v.ʣ
pun.ished,pun.ish.ing,pun.ish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To subject to a penalty for an offense, a sin, or a fault.
Ϊܳͷ
To inflict a penalty for (an offense).
ʩӴΪðʩӳͷ
To handle roughly; hurt:
³ضԴ˺
My boots were punished by our long trek through the desert.
ҵѥǴԽɳĮĳ;жĥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exact or mete out punishment.
ǿƷӳͷͷ
?
Middle English punissen, punishen 
йӢ punissen, punishen 
from Old French punir  puniss- 
Դ ŷ punir  puniss- 
from Latin poeno?nore} 
Դ  poeno?nore} 
from poena [punishment] 
Դ poena [ͷ] 
from Greek poin?} * see  k wei- 1
Դ ϣ poin?} *μ k wei- 1
?
punishability
n.ʣ
punishable
adj.ݴʣ
punisher
n.ʣ
?
punish,correct,chastise,discipline,castigate,penalize
These verbs mean to subject a person to a penalty, such as loss, pain, or confinement, for an offense, a sin, or a fault.
Щʵ˼ʹĳΪðܵʧʹȳͷ
 Punish  is the least specific: 
 Punish  ˼ģ 
The individual who refuses to defend his rights when called by his Government . . . must be punished as an enemy of his country and friend to her foe (Andrew Jackson).Tocorrect  
is to punish so that the offender will mend his or her ways:  
ټȴܾάȨĸˡһԼҵĵ˺͹ҵ˵Ѷܵͷ ³ܿѷCorret ָͷʹð߸ϰߣ  
Regulations formerly permitted prison wardens to correct unruly inmates.
ƶȴǰĵͷعصķˡ
Chastise  implies punishment, such as corporal punishment or a verbal rebuke, as a means of effecting improvement in behavior: 
Chastise  ʾΪʹΪһַʽĳͷ巣ͷϵ𱸵ȣ 
chastise a bully by giving him a thrashing;
ߵһٱ޴ͷ
was roundly chastised for insolence.
Ϊܵһٳͷ
Discipline  stresses punishment inflicted by an authority in order to control an offender or to eliminate or reform unacceptable conduct: 
Discipline  ǿȨΪð߻ĸﲻܱܵΪʩӵĳͷ 
The worker was disciplined for insubordination.
ΪӶܵͷ
Castigate   means to censure or criticize severely, often in public: 
Castigate  ָڹǴ 
The judge castigated the attorney for badgering the witness.
Ϊ绤ʦĿ֤˶Ǵ
Penalize  usually implies a monetary penalty or the forfeiture of a privilege or gain because rules or regulations have been broken: 
Penalize  ָͨΥʩеķȨɥʧ 
Those who file their income-tax returns after April 15 will be penalized. 
Щ415Ժд˰걨˽ 

= =
punishment
pun.ish.ment
AHD:[p?n1sh-mnt] 
D.J.[6pJn!.m*nt]
K.K.[6pJn!.m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of punishing.
ͷͷΪ
The condition of being punished.
ͷ״̬
A penalty imposed for wrongdoing:
Ϊ¶ǿӵĴ
The severity of the punishment must . . . be in keeping with the kind of obligation which has been violated(Simone Weil)
ִһǱֺͱƻ˵ķɵһԡ(ȡΤ)
Rough handling; mistreatment:
Ű
These old skis have taken a lot of punishment over the years.
Щѩѱúܲо

= =
pupil
pupil 1
AHD:[py?pl] 
D.J.[6pju8p*l]
K.K.[6pjup*l]
n.ʣ
A student under the direct supervision of a teacher or professor.
ѧʦֱӼලµѧ
Law A minor under the supervision of a guardian.
ɡ δˣڱ˼໤µδ
?
Middle English pupille [orphan] 
йӢ pupille [¶] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin p?s [diminutive of] p?pus [boy] 
Դ  p?s  [] p?pusС׺ [к] 
?
pupil
pupil 2
AHD:[py?pl] 
D.J.[6pju8p*l]
K.K.[6pjup*l]
n.ʣ
The apparently black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina.
ͫף¶۾ĤԵĺɫԲΣͨ˿ײܴﵽĤ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French pupille 
Դ ŷ pupille 
from Latin p?a [little doll, pupil of the eye (from the tiny image reflected in it)] * see  pupil 1
Դ  p?a [Сż۾ͫףԴͫ׷С] *μ pupil1
?
pupilar
adj.ݴʣ

= =
puppet
pup.pet
AHD:[p?p1t] 
D.J.[6pJp!t]
K.K.[6pJp!t]
n.ʣ
A small figure of a person or an animal, having a cloth body and hollow head, designed to be fitted over and manipulated by the hand.
ľżòƳ弰ԴС˻ϻ
A figure having jointed parts animated from above by strings or wires; a marionette.
ľżɵ߻Ӳݵǣľż
A toy representing a human figure; a doll.
żߣż
One whose behavior is determined by the will of others:
ܣжɱ˵ʶ֧ˣ
a political puppet.
һϵĿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a puppet show; a puppet government.
ľżݣ
?
Middle English poppet [doll] 
йӢ poppet [ż] 
possibly from Anglo-Norman poppe [doll] * see  puppy 
Դ Ӣ poppe [ż] *μ puppy

= =
purchase
pur.chase
AHD:[p?rch1s] 
D.J.[6pT8t.!s]
K.K.[6pPt.!s]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pur.chased,pur.chas.ing,pur.chas.es 
To obtain in exchange for money or its equivalent; buy.
ͨһȼõ
To acquire by effort; earn.
ͨŬã
To move or hold with a mechanical device, such as a lever or wrench.
øܸƶܸ˻ǯȻеװƿ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of buying.
򣺹Ķ
Something bought.
Ķ
Acquisition through the payment of money or its equivalent.
ͨһȼ
A grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping.
ץֹеװƶĳֹʱʹõο
A device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain mechanical advantage.
Ƹܸ˵ƣܸ˻򻬳ȡûеϵķ
A position, as of a lever or one's feet, affording means to move or secure a weight.
֧ŵλãܸϵλûĳ˵˫ŵƶ֧λ
A means of increasing power or influence.
ֶΣӰķ
An advantage that is used in exerting one's power.
ƣĳʵȨʹõֶ
?
Middle English purchasen [to pursue, purchase] 
йӢ purchasen [׷] 
from Old French purchacier 
Դ ŷ purchacier 
pur- [forth]  from Latin pr?- * see  per 1
pur- [ǰ]  Դ  pr?- *μ per 1
chacier [to chase] * see  chase 1
chacier [׷] *μ chase1
?
purchaser
n.ʣ

= =
pure
pure
AHD:[py?r] 
D.J.[pj&*]
K.K.[pj&r]
adj.ݴʣ
pur.er,pur.est 
Having a homogeneous or uniform composition; not mixed:
ģûлӵģͬʻͳһ֯ģûбӵģ
pure oxygen.

Free from adulterants or impurities:
ģûвʵģ
pure chocolate.
ɿ
Free of dirt, defilement, or pollution:
ģûȾģûлҳ۵Ⱦģ
A memory without blot or contamination must be . . . an inexhaustible source of pure refreshment(Charlotte Bront?)
û۵ȾĻһǡʹ´ݽߵԴͷ(ء)
Free of foreign elements.
ûص
Containing nothing inappropriate or extraneous:
ģʵģκβʺϵĻĶ
a pure literary style.
ѧ
Complete; utter:
ȫģ׵ģ
pure folly.
ɵ
Having no faults; sinless:
ģаģûйʧģģ
I felt pure and sweet as a new baby(Sylvia Plath)
Ҹеһаۡ(άǡ˹)
Chaste; virgin.
ģͯ
Of unmixed blood or ancestry.
ֵģк޻ӵѪͳȵ
Genetics Produced by self-fertilization or continual inbreeding; homozygous:
Ŵѧ ׷ֳģͬ彻ģܾĽ׽ģͬͽϵģ
a pure line.
ͬϵ
Music Free from discordant qualities:
֡ гģûв͵ʵģ
pure tones.
гĵ
Linguistics Articulated with a single unchanging speech sound; monophthongal:
ѧ ģԵģģ
a pure vowel.
Ԫ
Theoretical:
۵ģ
pure science.
ѧ
Philosophy Free of empirical elements:
ѧ ھҪصģûоصģ
pure reason.
ԭ
?
Middle English pur 
йӢ pur 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin p?s * see  peu- 
Դ  p?s *μ peu- 
?
purely
adv.ʣ
pureness
n.ʣ
?
pure,absolute,sheer,simple,unadulterated
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is free of extraneous elements: 
Щݴе˼ǡûء 
pure gold;

absolute alcohol;
ˮƾ
sheer wine;
Ҿƣ
a simple substance;
һʣ
unadulterated coffee. 
 

= =
purify
pu.ri.fy
AHD:[py?r-fo] 
D.J.[6pj&*r*7fa!]
K.K.[6pj&r*7fa!]
v.ʣ
pu.ri.fied,pu.ri.fy.ing,pu.ri.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rid of impurities; cleanse.
ʹȥϴ
To rid of foreign or objectionable elements.
ȥִ
To free from sin, guilt, or other defilement.
ʹࣺ񡢹ʧн
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become clean or pure.
ɾ򴿽
?
Middle English purifien 
йӢ purifien 
from Old French purifier 
Դ ŷ purifier 
from Latin p?3re} 
Դ  p?3re} 
p?s [clean] * see  pure 
p?s [ɾ] *μ pure
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [׺ʹɡ] 
?
purificatory
AHD:[py?-r1f1-k-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ
purifier
n.ʣ

= =
purity
pu.ri.ty
AHD:[py?r1-t?] 
D.J.[6pj&*r!ti8]
K.K.[6pj&r!ti]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being pure.

A quantitative assessment of homogeneity or uniformity.
ȣͬԻһԵĶ
Freedom from sin or guilt; innocence; chastity:
ףûף
Teach your children . . . the belief in purity of body, mind and soul(Emmeline Pankhurst)
̵ĺǡ塢˼;ϵס(֡˿˺˹)
The absence in speech or writing of slang or other elements deemed inappropriate to good style.
⣺Իϲٵʺڸз
Color The degree to which a color is free from being mixed with other colors.
ɫʡ ɫͶȣһɫɫӵĳ̶

= =
purple
pur.ple
AHD:[p?rpl] 
D.J.[6pT8p*l]
K.K.[6pPp*l]
n.ʣ
Color Any of a group of colors with a hue between that of violet and red.
ɫʡ Ϻɫһֽɫɫ֮ɫ
Cloth of a color between violet and red, formerly worn as a symbol of royalty or high office.
Ϻɫ·ɫɫɫ֮·ʾǻһ߹ٵ
Imperial power; high rank:
Ȩߵȼ
born to the purple.
ڻ
Roman Catholic Church 
̡ 
The rank or office of a cardinal.
̵ĵλ
The rank or office of a bishop.
̻ʵĵλ
adj.ݴʣ
Color Of the color purple.
ɫʡ Ϻɫ
Royal or imperial; regal.
ҵģ
Elaborate and ornate:
ҹεģ
purple prose.
ɢ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
pur.pled,pur.pling,pur.ples 
To make or become purple.
ʹϺɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English purpul 
Դ Ӣ purpul 
from purpure [purple garment] 
Դ purpure [Ϻɫ] 
from Latin purpura [shellfish yielding purple dye, purple cloth, purple] 
Դ  purpura [ϺɫпˮϺɫ·Ϻɫ] 
from Greek porphura [a shellfish yielding purple dye] 
Դ ϣ porphura [Ϻɫпˮ] 

= =
purpose
pur.pose
AHD:[p?rps] 
D.J.[6pT8p*s]
K.K.[6pPp*s]
n.ʣ
The object toward which one strives or for which something exists; an aim or a goal:
Ŀ꣺ŬﵽĳڵĶĿĿģ
And ever those, who would enjoyment gain/Must find it in the purpose they pursue(Sarah Josepha Hale)
ЩҪõֵ/һǵ׷ĿѰ(Լɪڶ)
A result or an effect that is intended or desired; an intention.See Synonyms at intention 
ЧãЧԤڵĻϣЧͼμ intention
Determination; resolution:
ģ
He was a man of purpose.
һ־ǿ
The matter at hand; the point at issue.
ͷ۵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pur.posed,pur.pos.ing,pur.pos.es 
To intend or resolve to perform or accomplish.
ͼл
?
on purpose
Intentionally; deliberately.
أ
to good purpose
With good results.
أгЧ
to little purpose 
to no purpose
With few or no results.
ͽ͵ģгЧ
?
Middle English purpos 
йӢ purpos 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from purposer [to intend] 
Դ purposer [ͼ] 
pur- [forth]  from Latin pr?- * see  pro- 1
pur- [ǰ]  Դ  pr?- *μ pro-1
poser [to put] * see  pose 1
poser [] *μ pose1

= =
purse
purse
AHD:[p?rs] 
D.J.[pT8s]
K.K.[pPs]
n.ʣ
A woman's bag for carrying keys, a wallet, and other personal items; a handbag.
ŮСŮЯԿסƤл˽ƷС
A small bag or pouch for carrying money.
ǮЯǮССǮ
Something that resembles a bag or pouch.
ͰǮƵĶ
Available wealth or resources; money.
ԴܵõĲƲԴǮ
A sum of money collected as a present or offered as a prize.
Ϊ򽱽Ｏһʿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
pursed,purs.ing,purs.es 
To gather or contract (the lips or brow) into wrinkles or folds; pucker.
ʹ𣺾£촽üëӶγƻޣʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Late Latin bursa * see  bursa 
Դ  bursa *μ bursa
?
purselike
adj.ݴʣ

= =
pursue
pur.sue
AHD:[pr-s?] 
D.J.[p*6su8]
K.K.[p+6su]
v.ʣ
pur.sued,pur.su.ing,pur.sues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To follow in an effort to overtake or capture; chase:
׷Ϊ˸ϻ򲶻Ŭ棻׷
a fox that was pursued by hounds.
Թ׷ĺ
To strive to gain or accomplish:
Ŭȥûɣ
pursue lofty political goals.
׷ߵĿ
To proceed along the course of; follow:
ټǰ棺
a ship that pursued the southern course.
ϲߵĴ
To carry further; advance:
ִУǰ
Let's not pursue this argument.
Ǳټ
To be engaged in (a vocation or hobby, for example).
£磬һְҵ򰮺ã
To court:
ڣ׷
a lady who was pursued by many suitors.
׷Ůʿ
To continue to torment or afflict; haunt:
ĥӰ죻
was pursued by the demons of lust and greed.
̰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To follow in an effort to overtake or capture; chase.
Ϊ˸ϻ򲶻Ŭ׷ϣ׷
To carry on; continue.
ִУ
?
Middle English pursuen 
йӢ pursuen 
from Anglo-Norman pursure 
Դ Ӣ pursure 
from Vulgar Latin *pr?e 
Դ  *pr?e 
from Latin pr?o} * see  prosecute 
Դ  pr?o} *μ prosecute
?
pursuable
adj.ݴʣ
pursuer
n.ʣ

= =
pursuit
pur.suit
AHD:[pr-s?t] 
D.J.[p*6su8t]
K.K.[p+6sut]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of chasing or pursuing.
׷׷Ѱ׷׷ѰĶ
The act of striving:
ŬĶ
the pursuit of higher education.
׷ߵȽ
An activity, such as a vocation or hobby, engaged in regularly.
йɵشְҵ򰮺õȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman pursuite 
Դ Ӣ pursuite 
from pursure [to pursue] * see  pursue 
Դ pursure [׷׷Ѱ] *μ pursue

= =
push
push
AHD:[p?sh] 
D.J.[p&.]
K.K.[p&.]
v.ʣ
pushed,push.ing,push.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To apply pressure against for the purpose of moving:
ƶΪ˴ﵽƶĳĿĶĳʩѹ
push a shopping cart through the aisles of a market.
ڳгͨһﳵ
To move (an object) by exerting force against it; thrust or shove.
ƿΪƶĳ壩ʩƻ
To force (one's way):
ǿУɼ
We pushed our way through the crowd.
ǼȺ
To urge forward or urge insistently; pressure:
ǿȣȣǰƶ򲻶ϱ޲ߣʹ
push a child to study harder.
޲⺢ӸŬѧϰ
To bear hard upon; press.
ʹʹ಻ĳʩѣ
To exert downward pressure on (a button or keyboard, for example); press.
ѹ£ڣťϣʩµѹѹ
To extend or enlarge:
չţ
push society past the frontier.
֯󵽱߾
Slang 
ٵ 
To promote or sell (a product):
۲Ʒ
The author pushed her latest book by making appearances in bookstores.
ֱͨӼķʽƷ
To sell (a narcotic) illegally:
Ƿҩ
push drugs.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert outward pressure or force against something.
ƣⲿĳʩѹ
To advance despite difficulty or opposition; press forward.
ǰųѻ򷴶Զǰ
To expend great or vigorous effort.
ŬķѾ޴ĻŬ
n.ʣ
The act of pushing; thrust:
ƣƵĶƣ
gave the door a swift push.
ݵƿ
A vigorous or insistent effort toward an end; a drive:
Ŭ־õĳĿŬ
a push to democracy.
ΪʵŬ
A provocation to action; a stimulus.
̼ĳжĴ̼
Informal Persevering energy; enterprise.
ʽ ӣȡģӵľ񣻽ȡ
?
push around ʽ
To treat or threaten to treat roughly; intimidate.
ֱԴвȣֱضԴвҪֱضԴţв
push off ʽ
To set out; depart:
̣뿪ȥ
The infantry patrol pushed off before dawn.
Ѳ߶ǰȥ
push on
To continue or proceed along one's way:
ǰĳ˵·ǰ
The path was barely visible, but we pushed on.
·ˣǼǰ
?
push paperʽ
To have one's time taken up by administrative, often seemingly petty, paperwork:
Ĺʱ仨Եġֹϣ
She spent the afternoon pushing paper for her boss.
ʱΪϰֲ
when push comes to shove 
if push comes to shove
At a point when or if all else has been taken into account and matters must be confronted, one way or another:
ڽҪͷκضǵ˺ʵԵʱַ̣ʽһַʽ
We extol the virtues of motherhood and bestow praise on the self-sacrificing homemaker but when push comes to shove, we give her little recognition for what she does(Los 
Angeles Times)
ĸԵºǣǵʮֽҪʱ̣ǶΪȴûиϺϿɡ(ɼʱ)
?
Middle English pusshen 
йӢ pusshen 
from Old French poulser, pousser 
Դ ŷ poulser, pousser 
from Latin puls3e [frequentative of] pellere [to strike, push] * see  pel- 5
Դ  puls3e  [] pellereظ [] *μ pel- 5
?
push,propel,shove,thrust
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to press against something in order to move it forward or aside: 
Щʹе˼ǡĳʩѹӶƶƿ 
push a baby carriage;
Ӥ
wind propelling a sailboat;
˷ǰ
shove a tray across a table;
Ƶһߣ
thrust the package into her hand. See also Synonyms at  campaign pull 
Ѱ μͬ campaignpull

= =
puzzle
puz.zle
AHD:[p?zl] 
D.J.[6pJz*l]
K.K.[6pJz*l]
v.ʣ
puz.zled,puz.zling,puz.zles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To baffle or confuse mentally by presenting or being a difficult problem or matter.
ʹԻʹգͨʹѶھ谭Ի
To clarify or solve (something confusing) by reasoning or study:
壺ͨоԻ飩
He puzzled out the significance of the statement.
һ۶ϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be perplexed.
Ի
To ponder over a problem in an effort to solve or understand it.
˼˼⣺˼ĳԽ
n.ʣ
A jigsaw puzzle.
ƴͼߣɰ
Something, such as a toy or game, that tests one's ingenuity.
Ϸһ˵Ķ߻Ϸ
Something that baffles or confuses.
⣺Ի
The condition of being perplexed; bewilderment.
ԻţԻ״̬
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
puzzler
n.ʣ
?
puzzle,perplex,mystify,bewilder,confound
These verbs mean to cause bafflement or confusion.
Щʶҵ˼
 Puzzle   suggests a problem or matter that is difficult to solve or interpret or that puts one at a loss: 
 Puzzle  ָԽͻʹ飺 
The poor creature puzzled me once . . . by a question merely natural and innocent, that I scarce knew what to say (Daniel Defoe).
һСһǳȻɵͰŪͿˣҼ֪˵Щʲô Ѹ
 Perplex  stresses puzzlement resulting in uncertainty or anxiety,as over attaining comprehension, reaching a decision, or finding a solution: 
 Perplex  ǿɰŰɻǶ統Ҫﵽ⡢Ѱҽʱ 
It is not worth while to perplex the reader with inquiries into the abstract nature of evidence (Joseph Butler).Tomystify  is to perplex by defying or seeming to defy comprehension:  
ûбҪö֤ݳԵĵԻߡ Լɪ򡤰գMystify ָͨӻʹԻ  
The author's imagery mystifies me.
ߵıԻ
Bewilder  emphasizes both perplexity and extreme mental confusion: 
Bewilder  ǿͬʱҲǿ˵˼ϵԻ 
The old know what they want; the young are sad and bewildered (Logan Pearsall Smith).Toconfound  is to bewilder and astonish so that one becomes immobilized or loses one's 
equanimity:  
֪Ҫʲô˶ Ƥʷ˹Confound ָĳԻ;סʧȥ򾲣  
God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise (I Corinthians 1:27). 
ϵѡ޴Իߡ ( Iֶ1:27) 
The fugitive doubled back to confound the pursuers. 
ػصİ취Ի׷ 

= =
qualification
qual.i.fi.ca.tion
AHD:[kw?l-f1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7kwKl*f!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7kw$l*f!6ke.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of qualifying or the condition of being qualified.
ϸʹʸΪ֤ϸ״
A quality, an ability, or an accomplishment that makes a person suitable for a particular position or task.
ʸִ֤գʹĳʺĳһְλԡɾ
A condition or circumstance that must be met or complied with:
ʸһӵȾ
fulfilled the qualifications for registering to vote in the presidential election.
ﵽͳѡбͶƱ
A restriction or modification:
ƻ޶
an offer with a number of qualifications.
һƵ

= =
qualify
qual.i.fy
AHD:[kw?l-fo] 
D.J.[6kwKl*7fa!]
K.K.[6kw$l*7fa!]
v.ʣ
qual.i.fied,qual.i.fy.ing,qual.i.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To describe by enumerating the characteristics or qualities of; characterize.
ݣͨо١ص̻Ը
To make competent or eligible for an office, a position, or a task.
ʹʣʹʤλʺϹְλ
To declare competent or capable; certify.
֤ϸʤλ֤
To make legally capable; license.
׼裺ʹϿУ췢ִ
To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving exceptions.
ΣΡ޶ƣͨ
To make less harsh or severe; moderate.See Synonyms at moderate 
ʹͣʹٴ̶᣻ʹͲμ moderate
Grammar To modify the meaning of (a noun, for example).
﷨ ΣΡһʣ˼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become qualified.
ϸΪϸ
To reach the later stages of a selection process or contest by competing successfully in earlier rounds.
ȡáʸڽĻغУͨɹؾﵽѡ̻׶
?
From French qualifier  from Old French 
Դ  qualifier  Դ ŷ 
and from Middle English qualifien [to specify the time and place of a document's execution] 
Դ йӢ qualifien [ʹļʵʩʱ͵ص廯] 
both from Medieval Latin qu33re} [to attribute a quality to] 
Դ  qu33re} [ΪĳΪ] 
Latin qu3s [of such a kind] * see  quality 
 qu3s [һֵ] *μ quality
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [ʾʹΪʹ] 

= =
qualitative
qual.i.ta.tive
AHD:[kw?l1-t3t1v] 
D.J.[6kwKl!7te!t!v]
K.K.[6kw$l!7tet!v]
adj.Abbr. qual.ݴʣд qual.
Of, relating to, or concerning quality.
ʵġƷʵģʵġйʵĻ漰Ʒʵ
?
Middle English [producing a primary quality] 
йӢ [һԭʼ] 
from Medieval Latin qu33tovus} 
Դ  qu33tovus} 
from Late Latin [qualitative] 
Դ  [ʵ] 
from Latin qu33s}  qualit3t- [quality] * see  quality 
Դ  qu33s}  qualit3t- [ʣ] *μ quality
?
qualitatively
adv.ʣ

= =
quality
qual.i.ty
AHD:[kw?l1-t?] 
D.J.[6kwKl!ti8]
K.K.[6kw$l!ti]
n.ʣ
 qual.i.ties д qlty.
An inherent or distinguishing characteristic; a property.
 ԣڵĻԣ
A personal trait, especially a character trait:
Ʒʣص㣬ָƷʣ
someone with few redeeming qualities.
ûκοȡ֮
Essential character; nature:
ʣԣԣ
Mahogany has the quality of being durable.
һľ;õ
Superiority of kind:
ڣ
an intellect of unquestioned quality.
ʸ
Degree or grade of excellence:
Ʒʵģӣɫĳ̶Ȼȼ
yard goods of low quality.
ƷʵӵĻ
High social position.
߹ݣߵλ
Those in a high social position.
壺ӵиߵλ
Music Timbre, as determined by overtones:
֡ ɫʣɫɷģ
a voice with a distinctive metallic quality.
ӵжش̶ɤ
Linguistics The character of a vowel sound determined by the size and shape of the oral cavity and the amount of resonance with which the sound is produced.
ѧ ĸԣɿǻĴС״ԼʱĸĿԪ
Logic The positive or negative character of a proposition.
߼ѧ ʣĿ϶񶨵
adj.ݴʣ
Having a high degree of excellence:
ģи߶ȳɫ̶ȵģ
He settled in to read Edmund Wilson . . . It was quality time(Margaret Truman)
ɡѷ顭һʱ̡(ء³)
?
Middle English qualite 
йӢ qualite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin qu33s}  qu3lit3t- 
Դ  qu33s}  qu3lit3t- 
from qu3s [of what kind] * see  k wo- 
Դ qu3s [ںֵ] *μ k wo- 
?
quality,property,attribute,character,trait
These nouns all signify a feature that distinguishes or identifies someone or something.
Щʶʾһ˻ص㡣
 Quality  is the most inclusive: 
 Quality  Ǻģ 
The spring of water . . . entirely lost the deliciousness of its pristine quality (Nathaniel Hawthorne). 
ˮȫʧȥ౾Եĸ ɣ 
From now on an artist will be judged only by the resonance of his solitude or the quality of his despair (Cyril Connolly). 
 ֻܴԹ¶ķӳʧĳ̶жϡ  
The most vital quality a soldier can possess is self-confidence (George S. Patton).Aproperty  is a basic or essential quality possessed by all members of a class:  
һʿ߱ʾš ΡSͶ٣property һ׼гԱеĻص㣺  
Resilience is a property of rubber. Anattribute  is a quality that is ascribed to someone or something:  
𽺵һԡ attribute ָĳ˻ĳʣ  
God and all the attributes of God are eternal (Spinoza).
ϵۺеԶġ ˹ŵɯ
 Character  in this comparison is a distinctive feature of a group or category: 
 Character  ıȽָһһڲͬص㣺 
Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms (Charles Darwin).Atrait  is a single, clearly delineated characteristic, as of a person or 
group of people:  
ȻѡԵŴͽʽ˻ ˹ģtrait һֵһġص㣬һ˻һȺ˵ģ  
This reliance on authority is a fundamental primitive trait (James Harvey Robinson).
ֶȨƵһֻԭʼԡ ղķ˹άޱѷ

= =
quantify
quan.ti.fy
AHD:[kw?nt-fo] 
D.J.[6kwKnt*7fa!]
K.K.[6kw$nt*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
quan.ti.fied,quan.ti.fy.ing,quan.ti.fies 
To determine or express the quantity of.
ȷʾ
Logic To limit the variables of (a proposition) by prefixing an operator such asall  or some.  
߼ѧ ޶ͨ趨ôƣĳ⣩Ŀɱԣallȫ  some֣  
?
Medieval Latin quantific3e 
 quantific3e 
Latin quantus [how great] * see  quantity 
 quantus [] *μ quantity
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [ʾʹɡ] 
?
quantifiable
adj.ݴʣ
quantification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ
quantifier
n.ʣ

= =
quantitative
quan.ti.ta.tive
AHD:[kw?nt1-t3t1v] 
D.J.[6kwKnt!7te!t!v]
K.K.[6kw$nt!7tet!v]
adj.Abbr. quant.ݴʣд quant.
Expressed or expressible as a quantity.
ʾģʾĻɱʾ
Of, relating to, or susceptible of measurement.
ģġйزĻܲӰ
Of or relating to number or quantity.
ģġй
Of or relating to a metrical system based on the duration of syllables rather than on stress. Used especially of classical Greek and Latin verse.
ģڵϵͳģ֮йصġڹŵϣʫ
?
Medieval Latin quantit3ovus} 
 quantit3ovus} 
from Latin quantit3s  quantit3t- [quantity] 
Դ  quantit3s  quantit3t- [] 
from quantus [how great] * see  quantity 
Դ quantus [] *μ quantity
?
quantitatively
adv.ʣ
quantitativeness
n.ʣ

= =
quantity
quan.ti.ty
AHD:[kw?nt1-t?] 
D.J.[6kwKnt!ti8]
K.K.[6kw$nt!ti]
n.ʣ
 quan.ti.ties д qt.,qty.
A specified or indefinite number or amount.
ضĻȷ
A considerable amount or number:
ɹ۵
sells drugs wholesale and in quantity.
ҩƷ
An exact amount or number.
ȷ
The measurable, countable, or comparable property or aspect of a thing.
ɼһɲġɼĻɱȽϵԻ
Mathematics Something that serves as the object of an operation.
ѧ Ϊ
Linguistics The relative amount of time needed to pronounce a vowel, consonant, or syllable.
ѧ ĳԪʱ
The duration of a syllable in quantitative verse.
ڳ̣ʫĳڵ
Logic The exact character of a proposition in reference to its universality, singularity, or particularity.
߼ѧ ģĳһձԡԻԵȷ
?
Middle English quantite 
йӢ quantite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin quantit3s  quantit3t- 
Դ  quantit3s  quantit3t- 
from quantus [how great] * see  k wo- 
Դ quantus [] *μ k wo- 

= =
quarrel
quarrel 1
AHD:[kw?rl, kw?r-] 
D.J.[6kw%8r*l, 6kwKr-]
K.K.[6kw%r*l, 6kw$r-]
n.ʣ
An angry dispute; an altercation.
ŭ棻ڽ
A cause of a dispute or an argument:
۵ԭ
We have no quarrel with the findings of the committee.
ǶίԱоûκԹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
quar.reled  quar.relled quar.rel.ing  quar.rel.ling quar.rels  quar.rels  
To engage in a quarrel; dispute angrily.See Synonyms at argue 
磻ŭμ argue
To disagree; differ:
ͬ⣻ͣ
I quarrel with your conclusions.
ҲͬĽ
To find fault; complain.
ޣԹ
?
Middle English querele 
йӢ querele 
from Old French [complaint] 
Դ ŷ [ɧ] 
from Latin querella, quer?a 
Դ  querella, quer?a 
from quero} [to complain] * see  kwes- 
Դ quero} [Թ] *μ kwes- 
?
quarreler  
quarreller
n.ʣ
?
quarrel
quarrel 2
AHD:[kw?rl, kw?r-] 
D.J.[6kw%8r*l, 6kwKr-]
K.K.[6kw%r*l, 6kw$r-]
n.ʣ
A bolt for a crossbow.
ĽǼʮֹһ
A tool, such as a stonemason's chisel, that has a squared head.
ӣһͷĹߣʯõ
A small diamond-shaped or square pane of glass in a latticed window.
β壺ληС
?
Middle English quarel 
йӢ quarel 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *quadrellus 
Դ  *quadrellus 
diminutive of Late Latin quadrus [square] 
  quadrusС׺ [] 
from Latin quadrum * see  k wetwer- 
Դ  quadrum *μ k wetwer- 

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quart
quart
AHD:[kw?rt] 
D.J.[kw%8t]
K.K.[kw%rt]
n.Abbr. q.,qt,qt.ʣд q.,qt,qt.
A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to ? gallon or 32 ounces (0.946 liter).
ѣϵеһλڲҺ壬൱?ػ32˾(0.946
A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in dry measure, equal to !/8 peck or 2 pints (1.101 liters).
ѣϵеһλڲ壬൱!/8˻2Ʒ(1.101
A unit of volume or capacity in the British Imperial System, used in liquid and dry measure, equal to 1.201 U.S. liquid quarts or 1.032 U.S. dry quarts (1.136 liters).See table at 
measurement 
ѣӢϵеһλڲҺ͹壬൱Һе1.201ѻƸе1.032(1.136μ measurement
A container having a capacity of one quart.
װһѵ
The contents of such a container.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French quarte 
Դ ŷ quarte 
from Latin qu3a [feminine of] qu3rtus [fourth] * see  k wetwer- 
Դ  qu3a  [] qu3rtusԴ [ĵ] *μ k wetwer- 

= =
quarter
quar.ter
AHD:[kw?rtr] 
D.J.[6kw%8t*]
K.K.[6kw%rt+]
n.Abbr. q.,qr.,quar.ʣд q.,qr.,quar.
One of four equal parts.
ķ֮һĸ֮ͬһ
A coin equal to one fourth of the dollar of the United States and Canada.
Ӳң൱ķ֮һԪͼԪӲ
One fourth of an hour; 15 minutes.
һӣһСʱķ֮һʮ
One fourth of a year; three months:
ȣһķ֮һ£
Sales were up in the second quarter.
ڵڶ۶
An academic term lasting approximately three months.
ѧڣԼµѧ
Astronomy 
ѧ 
One fourth of the period of the moon's revolution around Earth.
µķ֮һΧƵתһܵķ֮һ
One of the four phases of the moon:
֮һ
the first quarter; the third quarter.
£
Sports One of four equal periods of playing time into which some games, such as football and basketball, are divided.
˶ һڣһЩУ򣬱ƽֳĵȷݵıʱеһ
One fourth of a yard; nine inches.
ķ֮һ룻Ӣ
One fourth of a mile; two furlongs.
ķ֮һӢ¡
One fourth of a pound; four ounces.
ķ֮һİ˾
One fourth of a ton; 500 pounds. Used as a measure of grain.
ٰķ֮һٰ֣λ
Chiefly British A measure of grain equal to approximately eight bushels.
Ӣ أһֹλԼڰ˱ʽ
One fourth of a hundredweight; 25 pounds.
ķ֮һλʮ
One fourth of a British hundredweight; 28 pounds.
ķ֮һӢλʮ˰
One of the four major divisions of the compass.
λĸҪλ֮һ
One fourth of the distance between any two of the 32 divisions of the compass.
ķ֮һʮλκ֮ľķ֮һ
One of the four major divisions of the horizon as determined by the four major points of the compass.
ޣĸҪָȷĸҪƽλеһ
A region or an area of the earth thought of as falling into such a specific division of the compass.
Ϊ̵ͨضֳĵ
Nautical The general direction on either side of a ship located 45= off the stern.
 β45㷽
Nautical 
 
The upper portion of the after side of a ship, usually between the aftermost mast and the stern.
벿һҴβϲָͨβΦ봬֮Ĳ
The part of a yard between the slings and the yardarm.
˼һĲ
Heraldry Any of four equal divisions of a shield.
ѧ ĵȷеһȷ
One leg of an animal's carcass, usually including the adjoining parts.
ķ֮һʬ壺ʬһȣͨӲ
Either side of a horse's hoof.
κһ
The part of the side of a shoe between the heel and the vamp.
ЬЬıԵ
quarters A place of residence, especially the buildings or barracks used to house military personnel or their dependents.
 quarters סӪסָס˻ĽӪ
Often quarters A proper or assigned station or place, as for officers and crew on a warship.
  quarters סһʺϻסھٺʹԱ
Often Quarter A specific district or section, as of a city:
  Quarter һضеģ
the French Quarter.

Often quarters An unspecified person or group:
  quarters ض˻壺
information from the highest quarters.
Ը߲Ϣ
Mercy or clemency, especially when displayed or given to an enemy.
ˡʴȻݣָԵ˱ֳĻʩڵ˵
adj.ݴʣ
Being one of four equal or equivalent parts.
ķ֮һģĸȻ൱֮һ
Being one fourth of a standard or usual value.
׼ֵķ֮һ
v.ʣ
quar.tered,quar.ter.ing,quar.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide into four equal or equivalent parts.
ֳĵȷֳ֣ĸͬ൱
To quartersaw.
ֱ90⿪
To divide or separate into a number of parts.
ֳɻɼ
To dismember (a human body) into four parts.
壩֫ķ
Heraldry To divide (a shield) into four equal areas with vertical and horizontal lines.
ѧ ֳĵȷݣߺͺ߽ƣֳĿȵ
To mark or place (holes, for example) a fourth of a circle apart.
ʾķ֮һףڻԲܵķ֮һ
To locate and adjust (one machine part) at right angles to its connecting part within the machine.
ֱǣװӲֱֳ
To furnish with housing:
ʹסޣʹӪ
quartered the troops in an old factory building.
פһƾɵĳ
To traverse (an area of ground) laterally back and forth while slowly advancing forward.
֮ǰز߶ĳһ棩ͬʱǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take up or be assigned lodgings.
פۼס޻򱻷ס
To cover an area of ground by ranging over it from side to side.
߶ͨһߵһ߶һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French quartier 
Դ ŷ quartier 
from Latin qu33rius} 
Դ  qu33rius} 
from qu3s [fourth] * see  k wetwer- 
Դ qu3s [] *μ k wetwer- 
?
When referring to the time of day,the articlea  is optional in phrases such as (a) quarter to  (or of, before,  or till ) nine;  (a) quarter after (or past ) ten.  
ָһĳһʱʱڴa  (a) quarter to  of,  before  till ) nine (a) quarter after past ) ten пѡ 

= =
quarterly
quar.ter.ly
AHD:[kw?rtr-l?] 
D.J.[6kw%8t*li8]
K.K.[6kw%rt*li]
adj.Abbr. q.,qr.,quar.ݴʣд q.,qr.,quar.
Made up of four parts.
Ĳɵ
Being one of four parts.
ķ֮һ
Occurring or appearing at three-month intervals:
ȵģ·ֵģ
a quarterly magazine; a quarterly payment.
־ȸ
Heraldry Having four sections. Used of a shield.
ѧ Ĳģָ
n.ʣ
 quar.ter.lies д q.,qr.,quar.
A publication issued regularly every three months.
ÿ¶ڷеĳ
An examination given regularly every three months in some colleges.
һЩѧԺУÿ¶ڸѧĿ
adv.ʣ
In or by quarters.
Ļ򱻷ֳĲֵ

= =
quartz
quartz
AHD:[kw?rts] 
D.J.[kw%8ts]
K.K.[kw%rts]
n.ʣ
A very hard mineral composed of silica, SiO2, found worldwide in many different types of rocks, including sandstone and granite. Varieties of quartz include agate, chalcedony, chert, 
flint, opal, and rock crystal. 
ʯӢɹʯɵһַǳӲĿʣSiO2㲼أ಻ͬʯУɳҺͻҡʯӢ觡衢ʯʯʯˮ 
?
German Quarz 
 Quarz 
from Middle High German quarc 
Դ йŸߵص quarc 
[of Slavic origin] 
[Դ˹] 
?
quartzose
AHD:[kw?rts?s] ݴʣ

= =
queen
queen
AHD:[kw?n] 
D.J.[kwi8n]
K.K.[kwin]
n.ʣ
Abbr. qu.
д qu.
The wife or widow of a king.
󣺹ӻ
A woman sovereign.
ŮŮͳ
Something having eminence or supremacy in a given domain and personified as a woman:
ҪŮˣһض׿ԽϵΪһŮӣ
Paris is regarded as the queen of cities.
豻ΪǳеŮ
Games 
Ϸ 
Abbr. QThe most powerful chess piece, able to move in any direction in a straight line.
д QĹӣһֱһƶ
Abbr. qu.A playing card bearing the figure of a queen, ranking above the jack and below the king.
д qu.󣺻һֽƣȽܿ˴󵫱ȹС
Abbr. qu.The fertile, fully developed female in a colony of social bees, ants, or termites.
д qu.ŮȺӵ۷䡢ϻȺУɷֳȫĴƳ
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a gay or homosexual man.
 ٵ ͬߣָͬͬߵı
v.ʣ
queened,queen.ing,queens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a woman) a queen.
ΪŮʹһŮӣΪ
Games To raise (a pawn) to queen in chess.
Ϸ ʹΪڹУʹС䣩Ϊ
v.intr.Games ﶯʣϷ 
To become a queen in chess.
ŮڹгΪŮ
?
queen it
To act like a queen; domineer:
£ͳΣ
queens it over the whole family.
ͳͥ
?
Middle English quene 
йӢ quene 
from Old English cw?n * see  g wen- 
Դ Ӣ cw?n *μ g wen- 

= =
queer
queer
AHD:[kw?r] 
D.J.[kw!*]
K.K.[kw!r]
adj.ݴʣ
queer.er,queer.est 
Deviating from the expected or normal; strange:
쳣ģŹֵģϵĻ쳣ģֵģ
a queer situation.
쳣״
Odd or unconventional, as in behavior; eccentric.See Synonyms at strange 
ΪŹֵģֵĻ򲻺ϴͳģΪŹֵĲμ strange
Of a questionable nature or character; suspicious.
ɵģʻصɵģɵ
Slang Fake; counterfeit.
ٵ ٵģα
Feeling slightly ill; queasy.
ʵģе΢ʵģŻµ
Offensive Slang Gay; homosexual.
 ٵ ŵģͬ
n.Offensive Slang ʣ ٵ 
Used as a disparaging term for a gay or homosexual person.
ָͬߵı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
queered,queer.ing,queers ٵ 
To ruin or thwart:
ܣ
might try to queer the Games with anything from troop movements . . . to a bomb attack(Newsweek)
ܻԾսжڵͼƻս(ܿ)
To put (someone) in a bad position.
ʹĳˣڲλ
?
Perhaps from Low German [oblique, off-center] 
Դ ͵ص [бģƫĵ] 
from Middle Low German dwer * see  terk w- 
Դ йŵ͵ص dwer *μ terk w- 
?
queerish
adj.ݴʣ
queerly
adv.ʣ
queerness
n.ʣ

= =
quench
quench
AHD:[kwnch] 
D.J.[kwent.]
K.K.[kwWnt.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
quenched,quench.ing,quench.es 
To put out (a fire, for example); extinguish.
Ϩ𣩣Ϩ
To suppress; squelch:
ѹ
The disapproval of my colleagues quenched my enthusiasm for the plan.
ͬǵķԼҶƻ
To put an end to; destroy.
ʹƻ
To slake; satisfy:
ʹͣ㣺
Mineral water quenched our thirst.
Ȫˮʹֹ
To cool (hot metal) by thrusting into water or other liquid.
𣺽ȵĽˮҺʹȴ
?
Middle English quenchen 
йӢ quenchen 
from Old English 3n 
Դ Ӣ 3n 
?
quenchable
adj.ݴʣ
quencher
n.ʣ
quenchless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
quest
quest
AHD:[kwst] 
D.J.[kwest]
K.K.[kwWst]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search.
׷׷ĳΪӣ
An expedition undertaken in medieval romance by a knight in order to perform a prescribed feat:
̽գʹУʿΪһȶҵе̽գ
the quest for the Holy Grail.
׷ʥ
Archaic A jury of inquest.
 ʬ
v.ʣ
quest.ed,quest.ing,quests 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go on a quest.
̽
To search for game.
Ѱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To search for; seek.See Synonyms at seek 
Ѱң׷μ seek
?
Middle English queste 
йӢ queste 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
ultimately from Latin quaesta [feminine past participle of] quaerere [to seek, ask] 
Դ  quaesta  [] quaerereԹȥִ [׷ѯ] 
?
quester
n.ʣ

= =
question
ques.tion
AHD:[kwschn] 
D.J.[6kwest.*n]
K.K.[6kwWst.*n]
n.Abbr. q.,qn.,qu.,ques.ʣд q.,qn.,qu.,ques.
An expression of inquiry that invites or calls for a reply.
⣺ҪشѯʵĴʾ
An interrogative sentence, phrase, or gesture.
ʾ䣺Եľӡ
A subject or point open to controversy; an issue.
۵㣺۵۵㣻
A difficult matter; a problem:
ѵ飻⣺
a question of ethics.

A point or subject under discussion or consideration.
۵㣺ۻеĹ۵
A proposition brought up for consideration by an assembly.
飺һύǵĽ
The act of bringing a proposal to vote.
Ϊ
Uncertainty; doubt:
ȷɣ
There is no question about the validity of the enterprise.
ҵĺϷûκλ
v.ʣ
ques.tioned,ques.tion.ing,ques.tions 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a question to.See Synonyms at ask 
ԡʲμ ask
To examine (a witness, for example) by questioning; interrogate.
ʣͨʼ飨֤ʣ
To express doubt about; dispute.
ԡʾɣ
To analyze; examine.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To ask questions.
ѯʣ
?
out of the question
Not worth considering; impossible:
ֵÿǣܣ
Starting over is out of the question.
ͷʼǲܵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [legal inquiry] 
Դ ŷ [ɵ] 
from Latin quaesti?}  quaesti?n- 
Դ  quaesti?}  quaesti?n- 
from *quaestus [past participle of] quaerere [to ask, seek] 
Դ *quaestus  [] quaerereĹȥִ [ѯʣ׷Ѱ] 
?
questioner
n.ʣ
questioningly
adv.ʣ

= =
questionnaire
ques.tion.naire
AHD:[kwsch-nar] 
D.J.[7kwest.*6ne*]
K.K.[7kwWst.*6nWr]
n.ʣ
A printed form containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey.
һϵӡˢָͳƼֵݱΪĳһѼϢһַ
?
French 
 
from questionner [to ask] 
Դ questionner [ѯ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from question [legal inquiry] * see  question 
Դ question [ɵ] *μ question

= =
queue
queue
AHD:[ky?] 
D.J.[kju8]
K.K.[kju]
n.ʣ
A line of waiting people or vehicles.
УŶӵȴ˻
A long braid of hair worn hanging down the back of the neck; a pigtail.
ӣӲӺһƳ
Computer Science A sequence of stored data or programs awaiting processing.
ѧ УһеȴĴݻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
queued,queu.ing,queues 
To get in line:
Ŷӣ
queue up at the box office.
ƱŶ
?
French 
 
from Old French cue [tail] 
Դ ŷ cue [β] 
from Latin cauda, c?a 
Դ  cauda, c?a 

= =
quick
quick
AHD:[kw1k] 
D.J.[kw!k]
K.K.[kw!k]
adj.ݴʣ
quick.er,quick.est 
Moving or functioning rapidly and energetically; speedy.
ġѸٵģƶõģѸٵ
Learning, thinking, or understanding with speed and dexterity; bright:
ݵģѧϰ˼Ѹݵģģ
a quick mind.See Synonyms at nimble 
ݵͷԲμ nimble
Perceiving or responding with speed and sensitivity; keen.
ģѸеظоӦģ
Reacting immediately and sharply:
ԼģӦѸǿҵģ
a quick temper.

Occurring or achieved in a relatively brief period of time:
ʱڵԽ϶̵һʱڷɵģ
a quick rise through the ranks.
ְúܿ
Done or occurring immediately:
Ļģ
a quick inspection.See Synonyms at fast 1
ܿμ fast1
Tending to react hastily:
æģڷӦٵģ
quick to find fault.
ܿҳ
Archaic 
 
Alive.
ŵ
Pregnant.
е
n.ʣ
Sensitive or raw exposed flesh, as under the fingernails.
⡢⣺еĻ¶Ƥָ׸µ
The most personal and sensitive aspect of the emotions.
оеĲλ˵ĺеķ
The living:
ŵ˻
the quick and the dead.

The vital core; the essence:
Ҫĺģʣ
got to the quick of the matter.
ĺ
adv.ʣ
Quickly; promptly.
ٵأ̵
?
Middle English [alive, lively, quick] 
йӢ [ģģٵ] 
from Old English cwicu [alive] * see  g wei- 
Դ Ӣ cwicu [] *μ g wei- 
?
quickly
adv.ʣ
quickness
n.ʣ
?
In speechquick  is commonly used as an adverb in phrases such asCome quick.  In formal writing, however,quickly  is required. 
ڿУquick ͨڴʣ Come quick ĴУ ʽдУҪʹquickly  

= =
quicken
quick.en
AHD:[kw1kn] 
D.J.[6kw!k*n]
K.K.[6kw!k*n]
v.ʣ
quick.ened,quick.en.ing,quick.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make more rapid; accelerate.
٣ʹø죻
To make alive; vitalize.
ʹл
To excite and stimulate; stir.
̼ʹʹ̼
To make steeper.
ߴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become more rapid.See Synonyms at speed 
٣øμ speed
To come or return to life:
գʹѻ򸴻
And the weak spirit quickens(T.S. Eliot)
Щ޾ɵٶ˻(T.S.)
To reach the stage of pregnancy when the fetus can be felt to move.
̥䶯ﵽԸо̥Ļн׶
?
quickener
n.ʣ

= =
quiet
qui.et
AHD:[kwo1t] 
D.J.[6kwa!!t]
K.K.[6kwa!!t]
adj.ݴʣ
qui.et.er,qui.et.est 
Making no noise; silent:
ģģ
a quiet audience at the concert.
ֻϰ
Free of noise; hushed:
ģžģ
a quiet place for studying.
ѧϰ
Calm and unmoving; still:
ֹģƽҲ˶ģֹģ
floating on quiet waters.
ƽˮ
Free of turmoil and agitation; untroubled.See Synonyms at still 1
ŵģҵģģδŵĲμ still1
Restful; soothing:
еģ򶨵ģ
a quiet afternoon nap; a warm, quiet bath.
׵Сůʵԡ
Tranquil; serene:
񾲵ģģ
a quiet manner.
ŵľֹ
Not showy or garish; restrained:
۵ģۻ޶Ŀģصģ
a room decorated in quiet colors.
ɫصŵķ
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being quiet:
žʻ״̬
A menacing quiet fills the empty streets(Time)
տĽֵſֲྲ(ʱ)
v.ʣ
qui.et.ed,qui.et.ing,qui.ets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to become quiet.
ʹ
Law To make (a title) secure by freeing from all questions or challenges.
ɡ ȷϣͨʻսȷϣһͷΣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become quiet:
䰲
The child wouldn't quiet down for me.
⺢ӲΪҰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin qui?s [from past participle of] qui?scere [to rest] 
Դ  qui?s  [] Դqui?scereĹȥִ [ֹ] 
from qui?s [quiet] * see  k wei- 
Դ qui?s [] *μ k wei- 
?
quietly
adv.ʣ
quietness
n.ʣ

= =
quilt
quilt
AHD:[kw1lt] 
D.J.[kw!lt]
K.K.[kw!lt]
n.ʣ
A coverlet or blanket made of two layers of fabric with a layer of cotton, wool, feathers, or down in between, all stitched firmly together, usually in a decorative crisscross design.
죺֯мһ޻ëëƳɵĴֻ̺ӣͨһװԵʮѹŽܵطһ
A thick protective cover similar to or suggestive of a quilt.
״뱻ƵĻʹ뵽ӵһֺʵıڸ
v.ʣ
quilt.ed,quilt.ing,quilts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make into a quilt by stitching (layers of fabric) together.
챻ѣ֯㣩һƳɱ
To construct like a quilt:
笷죺һ
quilt a skirt.
ȹ
To pad and stitch ornamentally.
õװԵؼԳĵͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a quilt.

To do quilted work.
笷칤
?
Middle English quilte 
йӢ quilte 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin culcita [mattress] 
Դ  culcita [] 
?
quilter
n.ʣ

= =
quit
quit
AHD:[kw1t] 
D.J.[kw!t]
K.K.[kw!t]
v.ʣ
quit  quit.ted [kw1t1d] quit.ting,quits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To depart from; leave:
롭ֿ뿪
You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits(Horatio Nelson)
뿪ǻԻҵ̨(¡ɶѷ)
To leave the company of:
뿪飺
had to quit the gathering in order to be home by midnight.
ΪҹǰҲò뿪ۻ
To give up; relinquish:

quit a job.
ȥ
To abandon or put aside; forsake:
Ʋ
advised them to quit their dissipated ways.
ȰƲŵʽ
To cease or discontinue:
ֹͣжϣ
asked them to quit talking.
ҪǲҪ˵
To rid oneself of by paying:
壺֧ͨǮʹ˰ѡ
quit a debt.
ծ
To release from a burden or responsibility.
ѣʹظ
To conduct (oneself) in a specified way:
ֹһضʽ֣Լ
Quit yourselves like adults.
Լľֹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease performing an action.See Synonyms at stop 
ֹֹͣͣлμ stop
To give up, as in defeat; stop.
ʧУֹͣ
To leave a job.
ְ
adj.ݴʣ
Absolved of a duty or an obligation; free.
ɵģְģɵ
?
Middle English quiten [to release] 
йӢ quiten [ѣͷ] 
from Old French quiter 
Դ ŷ quiter 
from Medieval Latin qui?3re, quot3re} 
Դ  qui?3re, quot3re} 
from Latin qui?s [at rest] * see  quiet 
Դ  qui?s [Ϣ] *μ quiet

= =
quite
quite
AHD:[kwot] 
D.J.[kwa!t]
K.K.[kwa!t]
adv.ʣ
To the greatest extent; completely:
ȫأĳ̶ϣȫأ
quite alone; not quite finished.See Usage Note at perfect 
ʮֹ¶ûɲμ perfect
Actually; really:
أʵϣ
I'm quite positive about it.
ĺȷ
To a degree; rather:
൱һ̶ϣ൱
quite soon; quite tasty.
൱죻൱ɿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from quite [clear, free] 
Դ quite [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin qui?s [freed] * see  quiet 
Դ  qui?s [] *μ quiet

= =
quiver
quiver 1
AHD:[kw1vr] 
D.J.[6kw!v*]
K.K.[6kw!v+]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
quiv.ered,quiv.er.ing,quiv.ers 
To shake with a slight, rapid, tremulous movement.See Synonyms at shake 
һ΢ٲ˶ڶμ shake
n.ʣ
The act or motion of quivering.
Ϊ˶
?
Middle English quiveren 
йӢ quiveren 
perhaps from quiver [nimble]  from Old English cwifer- * see  g wei- 
Դ quiver [ݵ]  Դ Ӣ cwifer- *μ g wei- 
?
quivery
adj.ݴʣ
?
quiver
quiver 2
AHD:[kw1vr] 
D.J.[6kw!v*]
K.K.[6kw!v+]
n.ʣ
A portable case for holding arrows.
ңװõĿЯʽ
A case full of arrows.
װĺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman quiveir 
Դ Ӣ quiveir 
variant of Old French cuivre 
 ŷ cuivreı 
from Old Low Franconian cocar 
Դ ŵ͵ظ cocar 
probably from Medieval Latin cucurum 
Դ  cucurum 
probably from Hunnish ; akin to  Mongolian k?kr 
Դ ū   ɹ k?kr 

= =
quiz
quiz
AHD:[kw1z] 
D.J.[kw!z]
K.K.[kw!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
quizzed,quiz.zing,quiz.zes 
To question closely or repeatedly; interrogate.
ʣϸظѯʣ
To test the knowledge of by posing questions.See Synonyms at ask 
в飺֪ͨʶμ ask
Chiefly British To poke fun at; mock.
Ӣ ϷŪЦ
n.ʣ
 quiz.zes 
A questioning or an inquiry.
ʻѯ
A short oral or written test.
򵥵Ĳԣ̵Ŀͷ
A practical joke.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
quizzer
n.ʣ
?
Although we do not know the origin of the wordquiz,  just as we may not know the answers to all the questions on a quiz,we can say that its first recorded sense has to do with 
people,not tests.The term, first recorded in 1782,meant an odd or eccentric person.From the noun in this sense came a verbmeaning to make sport or fun of and to regard 
mockingly.In English dialects and probably in American Englishthe verbquiz  acquired senses relating to interrogation and questioning. This presumably occurredbecausequiz  was 
associated with question,  inquisitive,  or perhaps the English dialect verb quiset,  to question (probably itself short for obsoleteinquisite,  to investigate). From this new area of 
meaning came the noun and verb senses all too familiar to students.The second recorded instance of the noun sense occurs in the writings of no less an educator than William 
James,who in a December 26, 1867, letter proffers the hopethat perhaps giving quizzes in anatomy and physiology . . . may help along.
Ȼǲ֪quiz ʵԴ ǿܲĴһǿԿ϶¼ʱйأǲԣʵһα
¼1782꣬˼ΪһŹֻΪֵˡһʣ˼ΪЦϷŪ͡Գ̬ȶԴӢﲢҺܿӢ
Уquiz γйʻʵ˼ ݲ²⣬һķΪquiz ʹ question  inquisitive ߿ quiset ӢеĶʣ ˼Ϊʡ
ܿinquisite ʱдʽ˼Ϊ顱 ˼ѧϤ ʺͶ˼¼ĵڶǡóڽ
ղķ˹ı¡18671226дһУһϣڽѧѧвԡЩصİ

= =
quotation
quo.ta.tion
AHD:[kw?-t3shn] 
D.J.[kw*&6te!.*n]
K.K.[kwo6te.*n]
n.Abbr. quot.ʣд quot.
The act of quoting.
ãõΪ
A passage quoted.
õľ
An explicit reference or allusion in an artistic work to a passage or element from another, usually well-known work:
ἰӰ䣺һƷУ˵»ԭֱûָͨǳƷ
Direct quotations from other paintings are fairly sparse(Robert Hughes)
ӱ˵Ļֱӽ൱ټġ(޲ء˹)
The quoting of current prices and bids for securities and goods.
۵м֤ȯʱۺͳ
The prices or bids cited.
ۣļ۸
?
quotational
adj.ݴʣ
quotationally
adv.ʣ

= =
quote
quote
AHD:[kw?t] 
D.J.[kw*&t]
K.K.[kwot]
v.ʣ
quot.ed,quot.ing,quotes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To repeat or copy the words of (another), usually with acknowledgment of the source.
ãظ¼ˣĻͨȷ
To cite or refer to for illustration or proof.
֤Ϊ˲֤ûο
To repeat a brief passage or excerpt from:
¼һ½ڻӡժ¼
The saxophonist quoted a Duke Ellington melody in his solo.
˹Ķһζſˡٵ
To state (a price) for securities, goods, or services.
ۣм֤ȯƷĿ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a quotation, as from a book.
ãһУٳһ
n.ʣ
Informal A quotation.
ʽ 
A quotation mark.

Used by a speaker to indicate the beginning of a quotation.
ǰţʾõĿʼ
Usage Problem A dictum; a saying.
÷ѡ ԡ
?
Middle English coten [to mark a book with numbers or marginal references] 
йӢ coten [бעԲο] 
from Old French coter 
Դ ŷ coter 
from Medieval Latin quot3e [to number chapters] 
Դ  quot3e [½ڱ] 
from Latin quotus [of what number] 
Դ  quotus [ٺ] 
from quot [how many] * see  k wo- 
Դ quot [] *μ k wo- 
?
quoter
n.ʣ
?
As a transitive verbquote  is appropriately used to describe the use of an exact wording drawn from another source. When the original source is paraphrased or alluded to,the more 
general termcite  is usually preferable.  The nounquote  is well established as a truncation of quotation,  though many critics regard it as unduly journalistic or breezy.As such, it is 
best avoided in formal literary discussions.The use of the noun was acceptable to only 38 percent of the Usage Panel in the sentenceHe began the chapter with a quote  from the Bible.  
But the usage is less objectionable in informal contexts or in reference to less august sources;the word was acceptable to 53 percent of the Panel in the sentenceHe lightened up his 
talk by throwing in quotes  from Marx Brothers movies.   The nounquote  is sometimes used as a synonym for dictum, saying, as inHis career is just one more validation of Andy 
Warhol's quote  that in the future, everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.  This example was unacceptable to 76 percent of the Usage Panel.
Ϊһﶯʣquote һָһгȡȫһǺǡġ ԭĳǼἰʱһ㷺Ĵcite ȡ quote ʽ 
quatation Ҳѱձܣ ȻΪȾвǡļķ̫ʽˣʽѧñʹá÷רʹСĵУֻ
38%ΪµĿʼˡʥеһ   е÷ǿеġ ڲʽﾳ»ἰĳʱ÷ķҪ
һЩһ˹ֵܵӰе  Ծ̸ У 53%СԱΪʿԽܡ Quote ʱҲԡԡͬʣ 
һһ֤ʵ˰ϡ  ÿ˶ʮӵ֪ȡ У ÷רʹС76%ĳԱΪ޷

= =
rabbit
rab.bit
AHD:[r2b1t] 
D.J.[6r#b!t]
K.K.[6r#b!t]
n.ʣ
 rab.bits  rabbit  
Any of various long-eared, short-tailed, burrowing mammals of the family Leporidae, as the commonly domesticated Old World speciesOryctolagus cuniculus  or the cottontail. 
ãһֳβѨӵÿƲ鶯ͨѱŷּûҰ  
A hare.
Ұ
The fur of a rabbit or hare.
Ƥë
Sports A runner who intentionally sets a fast pace for a teammate during a long-distance race.
˶ ܶԱڳ뾺йΪĳһ趨Ͽٶȵѡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
rab.bit.ed,rab.bit.ing,rab.bits 
To hunt rabbits or hares.
ãԲûҰ
?
Middle English rabet [young rabbit] 
йӢ rabet [С] 
probably from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Middle Dutch robbe [rabbit] 
Դ йź robbe [] 
?
rabbiter
n.ʣ

= =
race
race 1
AHD:[r3s] 
D.J.[re!s]
K.K.[res]
n.ʣ
A local geographic or global human population distinguished as a more or less distinct group by genetically transmitted physical characteristics.
ֲ֣ĵ˿ڻȫ˿ڣɻŴʶΪԻ򲻺ԵȺ
A group of people united or classified together on the basis of common history, nationality, or geographic distribution:
壺ڹͬʷֲĻһȺ˻򱻹Ϊһࣺ
the German race.
¹
A genealogical line; a lineage.
壺Ѫͳŵ
Human beings considered as a group.
ࣺΪһȺ
Biology 
ѧ 
A population of organisms differing from others of the same species in the frequency of hereditary traits; a subspecies.
֣ŴĳƵϺͬһﲻͬ壻
A breed or strain, as of domestic animals.
ֻ֣Ʒϵ
A distinguishing or characteristic quality, such as the flavor of a wine.
صķζһֶصĻʣƵζ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Italian razza [race, lineage] 
Դ  razza [Ѫͳϵ] 
?
race
race 2
AHD:[r3s] 
D.J.[re!s]
K.K.[res]
n.ʣ
Sports 
˶ 
A competition of speed, as in running or riding.
ܣһٶȵıܻ
races A series of such competitions held at a specified time on a regular course:
 races һضʱںͳܵϾеһϵı
attending the dog races.
μ
An extended competition in which participants struggle like runners to be the winner:
һıμǰԳΪʤߣ
the presidential race.
ͳѡ
Steady or rapid onward movement:
ٵǰУȶǰ˶
the race of time.
ʱ
A strong or swift current of water.
ٵˮ
The channel of such a current.
ļˮһˮ
An artificial channel built to transport water and use its energy; a raceway.
˹ˮˮԴ˹ˮ
A groovelike part of a machine in which a moving part slides or rolls.
ۣϵĲ״֣˶л
See  slipstream 
μ  slipstream 
v.ʣ
raced,rac.ing,rac.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Sports To compete in a contest of speed.
˶ ܣμٶȾ
To move rapidly or at top speed:
ѸнѸٻԸ˶
raced home in time.
ʱؼ
To run too rapidly because of decreased resistance or a lighter load:
ʹתС򸺺ɱСתѸ٣
an engine that was racing.
ڷת
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Sports 
˶ 
To compete against in a race.
ܣܱ롭
To cause to compete in a race; enter in a contest:
ʹڱоμӾ
The monarch raced her horses in the derby each year.
Ůÿ궼ȥ
To transport rapidly or at top speed; rush:
ȫͣݣѸٻԸͣɿж
raced the injured motorist to the hospital.
˵ĦгѸҽԺ
To cause (an engine with the gears disengaged, for example) to run swiftly or too swiftly.
תʹпճֵķٻڿٵת
?
Middle English ras 
йӢ ras 
from Old Norse r3s [rush, running] * see  ers- 
Դ ˹ά r3s [壬] *μ ers- 
?
Race
Race
AHD:[r3s] Cape
D.J.[re!s]Cape
K.K.[res]Cape
NONE޴ԣ
A promontory of southeast Newfoundland, Canada, on the coast of the Avalon Peninsula.
˼ǣôŦʡϲһǣλǷ¡뵺ذ

= =
racial
ra.cial
AHD:[r3shl] 
D.J.[6re!.*l]
K.K.[6re.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of race or races.
ģڻĻΪ
Arising from or based on differences among human racial groups:
ֵģԴڻģ
racial conflict; racial discrimination.
ͻ
?
racially
adv.ʣ

= =
rack
rack 1
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
A framework or stand in or on which to hold, hang, or display various articles:
ӣʢװһչʾƷļӻ̯ӣ
a trophy rack; a rack for baseball bats in the dugout; a drying rack for laundry.
ƷܣԱϢܣϴ·¼
Games A triangular frame for arranging billiard balls at the start of a game.
Ϸ ŷǼܣ̨֮ǰŷǼ
A receptacle for livestock feed.
ǲݼܣι
A frame for holding bombs in an aircraft.
ڵܣɻըļ
Slang 
ٵ 
A bunk; a bed.
̣̣˫㴲
Sleep:
˯
was finally able to get some rack.
˯
A toothed bar that meshes with a gearwheel, a pinion, or another toothed machine part.
֡׶ֻݵĻҧϵĴݵİ
A state of intense anguish.
޴ʹࣺʹ״̬
A cause of intense anguish.
ʹԭ
An instrument of torture on which the victim's body was stretched.
̼֫ܣ̨һܺ֫Ĺ߻̾
A pair of antlers:
֦޽ǣһ¹ǣ
a buck with a handsome rack.
һֻ¹ǵ¹
v.tr.ﶯʣ
racked,rack.ing,racks 
Sports To place (billiard balls, for example) in a rack.
˶ ڿУѣ̨򣩷ŵ
To cause great physical or mental suffering to:
ʹʹ࣬ʹĥ𡭵ǿҵʹ
Pain racked his entire body.See Synonyms at afflict 
ʹĥȫμ afflict
To torture by means of the rack.
̾ĥ
?
rack out ٵ
To go to sleep or get some sleep.
ȥ˯˯
rack up ʽ
To accumulate or score:
ۻ÷֣
rack up points.
۷
?
on the rack
Under great stress.
ѹ
?
Middle English rakke 
йӢ rakke 
probably from Middle Dutch rec [framework] * see  reg- 
Դ йź rec [] *μ reg- 
?
racker
n.ʣ
?
rack
rack 2
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
A fast, flashy, four-beat gait of a horse in which each foot touches the ground separately and at equal intervals.
СܣĿ١ɵġĵĲÿֻͬļʱֱӴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
racked,rack.ing,racks 
To go or move in a rack.
ܣСܣǰƶ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
rack
rack 3
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
A thin mass of wind-driven clouds.
ƣƣһ㱻紵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
racked,rack.ing,racks 
To be driven by the wind; scud:
Ʈ紵У
as clouds racked by.
ƲƮʱ
?
Middle English rak 
йӢ rak 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Swedish rak [wreckage] 
[Դ˹ά]    rak [к] 
?
rack
rack 4
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
Variant of wrack 1
 wrackı1
?
rack
rack 5
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of wrack 2
 wrackı2
?
rack
rack 6
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
racked,rack.ing,racks 
To drain (wine or cider) from the dregs.
Ӳեƻ֭
?
Middle English rakken 
йӢ rakken 
from Old Proven?al arracar 
Դ ˹ arracar 
from raca [stems and husks of grapes] 
Դ raca [ѵľƤ] 
?
rack
rack 7
AHD:[r2k] 
D.J.[r#k]
K.K.[r#k]
n.ʣ
A wholesale rib cut of lamb or veal between the shoulder and the loin.
Сţ⣺Сţ粿µ۵߲
A retail rib cut of lamb or veal, prepared for roasting or for rib chops.
⣺۵Сţ⣬տ
The neck and upper spine of mutton, pork, or veal.
׵⡢ţľļϲ
?
Probably from rack 1
Դ rack1

= =
racket
racket 1Ҳ rac.quet
AHD:[r2k1t] 
D.J.[6r#k!t]
K.K.[6r#k!t]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A device consisting of an oval frame with a tight interlaced network of strings and a handle, used to strike a ball or shuttlecock in various games.
ģһװãһԲεļӺֱɣɵĺܽڸ˶ë
A wooden paddle, as one used in table tennis.
ƹģһľģƹ
?
Middle English raket [a kind of handball] 
йӢ raket [һ] 
from Old French rachette [palm of the hand, racket] 
Դ ŷ rachette [ֵƲ] 
from Medieval Latin rascheta [palm] 
Դ  rascheta [] 
from Arabic r3?et} 
Դ  r3?et} 
variant of r3?ah} 
 r3?ahı} 
?
racket
racket 2
AHD:[r2k1t] 
D.J.[6r#k!t]
K.K.[6r#k!t]
n.ʣ
A loud, distressing noise.See Synonyms at noise 
ģʹμ noise
A dishonest business or practice, especially one that obtains money through fraud or extortion.
թʵΪָͨթõǮ
An easy, profitable means of livelihood.
׬ǮƣһɡͼӪ취
Slang A business or an occupation.
ٵ ְҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
rack.et.ed,rack.et.ing,rack.ets 
To make or move with a loud, distressing noise.
£ġʹƶ
To lead an active social life.
æ罻ģŻ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
radar
ra.dar
AHD:[r3d?r] 
D.J.[6re!d$8]
K.K.[6red$r]
n.ʣ
A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of very high frequency radio waves reflected from their surfaces.
״ͨԴ淴ĽϸƵߵ粨ķԶ岢ⶨλáٶȻ
The equipment used in such detection.
״װã̽ʹõ豸
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
radar technology; a radar installation.
״＼һ״վ
?
ra(dio) 
ra(dio)
d(etecting) 
d(etecting)
a(nd) 
a(nd)
r(anging) 
r(anging)

= =
radiant
ra.di.ant
AHD:[r3d?-nt] 
D.J.[6re!di8*nt]
K.K.[6redi*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Emitting heat or light.
ȵ㣺Ȼ
Consisting of or emitted as radiation:
ģɷ乹ɻ򷢳ģ
radiant heat.

Filled with light; bright.
ģ
Glowing; beaming.See Synonyms at bright 
ģĲμ bright
n.ʣ
An object or a point from which light or heat rays are emitted.
⣨ȣģ߻ȵ
Astronomy The apparent celestial origin of a meteoric shower.
ѧ Ⱥķ㣺Ե̫չԴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin radi3s  radiant- [present participle of] radi3re [to radiate] * see  radiate 
Դ  radi3s  radiant-  [] radi3reڷִ [] *μ radiate
?
radiantly
adv.ʣ

= =
radiate
ra.di.ate
AHD:[r3d?-3t] 
D.J.[6re!di87e!t]
K.K.[6redi7et]
v.ʣ
ra.di.at.ed,ra.di.at.ing,ra.di.ates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send out rays or waves.
䣬䣺߻
To issue or emerge in rays or waves:
ɢ߻򲨵ʽ֣
Heat radiated from the stove.
¯ɢ
To extend in straight lines from or toward a center; diverge or converge like rays:
ʷ״ļУֱԻһ죻һɢۼ
Spokes radiate from a wheel hub.

Ecology To spread into new habitats and thereby diverge or diversify. Used of a group of organisms.
̬ѧ ɢչµľ۾ӵأµĲشӶɢ仯֯Ⱥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To emit (light, for example) in or as if in rays.
䣺߻һ⣩
To send or spread out from or as if from a center:
ɢӻһķɢ
a cactus that radiates spines.
̵
To irradiate or illuminate (an object).
һ壩
To manifest in a glowing manner:
ǿ֣ݹ֣
a leader who radiates confidence.
һλֳŵ쵼
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-1t] 
Botany Having rays or raylike parts, as in the flower heads of daisies.
ֲѧ з״ֵģлз״Ĳֵģյͷ״
Biology Characterized by radial symmetry.
ѧ ״ԳƵģԷ״ԳΪ
Surrounded with rays:
߰Χģ
a radiate head on a coin.
Ӳϱ߰Χͷ
?
Latin radi3e  radi3t- [to emit beams] 
 radi3e  radi3t- [] 
from radius [ray] 
Դ radius [] 
?
radiative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
radiation
ra.di.a.tion
AHD:[r3d?-3shn] 
D.J.[7re!di86e!.*n]
K.K.[7redi6e.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of radiating:
䣺ж̣
the radiation of heat and light from a burning body.
һȼ﷢Ⱥ͹
Physics 
ѧ 
Emission and propagation of energy in the form of rays or waves.
䣺Թ߻򲨵ʽʹ
Energy radiated or transmitted in the form of rays, waves, or particles.
䣺ߡ΢ʽ򴫲
A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.
˥΢Ųԭӻں˥ųһ΢Ų
Anatomy Radial arrangement of parts, as of a group of nerve fibers connecting different areas of the brain.
ѧ ״״еĲ֣ϵԲֵͬһά
Ecology The spread of a group of organisms into new habitats.
̬ѧ ɢ֯ȺµĲصչ
Adaptive radiation.
ӦԷ

= =
radical
rad.i.cal
AHD:[r2d1-kl] 
D.J.[6r#d!k*l]
K.K.[6r#d!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Arising from or going to a root or source; basic:
ģԴģڻ򵽴ԴȪģģ
a radical flaw in a plan; chose the radical solution of starting all over again.
ƻĸȱݣѡ¿ʼĸ
Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme:
˵ģ׵ģԱ볣ϰߵģ˵ģ
radical opinions on education.
Խļ˵ļ
Favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions:
ģĸģֻ֧ĿǰĹƶȸԻԵı仯ģ
radical political views.
ι۵
Linguistics Of or being a root:
ѧ ʸģڻΪʸģ
a radical form.
ʸʽ
Botany Arising from the root or its crown:
ֲѧ ģģڸڲģ
radical leaves.
Ҷ
n.ʣ
One who advocates fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions:
ӣĿǰϰߡƶ¹ĶԻԸıˣ
radicals seeking to overthrow the social order.
ͼļ
Abbr. rad.Mathematics The root of a quantity as indicated by the radical sign.
д rad.ѧ ţøűʾһĸ
Symbol R An atom or a group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron.
 R ԭ򣬻ţһӵԭӻһԭ
Abbr. rad.Linguistics See  root 1
д rad.ѧ μ  root1 
?
Middle English [of a root] 
йӢ [] 
from Late Latin r3oc3lis} [having roots] 
Դ  r3oc3lis} [и] 
from Latin r3ox}  r3doc- [root] * see  wr3d- 
Դ  r3ox}  r3doc- [] *μ wr3d- 
?
radically
adv.ʣ
radicalness
n.ʣ

= =
radio
ra.di.o
AHD:[r3d?-?] 
D.J.[6re!di8*&]
K.K.[6redio]
n.ʣ
 ra.di.os д rad.
The wireless transmission through space of electromagnetic waves in the approximate frequency range from 10 kilohertz to 300,000 megahertz.
ߵ磺ŲԼ10ǧ300,000׺ͨռߴ
Communication of audible signals encoded in electromagnetic waves.
ͨѶԵŲеĿźŵ
Transmission of programs for the public by radio broadcast.
ߵ㲥ͨߵ㲥ڴͽĿ
An apparatus used to transmit radio signals; a transmitter.
ߵźŵ
An apparatus used to receive radio signals; a receiver.
ڽߵźŵձ
A complex of equipment capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals.
շװãܹͺͽߵźŵһ豸
A station for radio transmitting.
ߵ̨ߵ紫վ
A radio broadcasting organization or network of affiliated organizations.
㲥̨ߵ㲥֯֯
The radio broadcasting industry.
ߵ㲥ҵ
A message sent by radio.
ߵ紫͵Ϣ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
radio stations; radio programs.
ߵ̨ߵĿ
v.ʣ
ra.di.oed,ra.di.o.ing,ra.di.os 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transmit by radio:
ͨߵ紫ͣ
radio a message to headquarters.
ߵܲһϢ
To transmit a message to by radio:
ߵ磺ߵ򡭴Ϣ
radioed the spacecraft.
ߵɻϢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To transmit messages or a message by radio:
ߵ紫Ϣ
a ship radioing for help.
һߵź
?
Short for radiotelegraphy 
 radiotelegraphyļд

= =
radioactive
ra.di.o.ac.tive
AHD:[r3d?-?-2kt1v] 
D.J.[7re!di8*&6#kt!v]
K.K.[7redio6#kt!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or exhibiting radioactivity.
ԵģڻֳԵ
?
radioactively
adv.ʣ

= =
radioactivity
ra.di.o.ac.tiv.i.ty
AHD:[r3d?-?-2k-t1v1-t?] 
D.J.[7re!di8*&#k6t!v!ti8]
K.K.[7redio#k6t!v!ti]
n.ʣ
Spontaneous emission of radiation, either directly from unstable atomic nuclei or as a consequence of a nuclear reaction.
Զ䣺Զط䣬ֱԴڲȶԭӺ˻Ϊ˷ӦĽ
The radiation, including alpha particles, nucleons, electrons, and gamma rays, emitted by a radioactive substance.
䣺һַʷķ䣬ӡԭӺˡӡͦ

= =
radish
rad.ish
AHD:[r2d1sh] 
D.J.[6r#d!.]
K.K.[6r#d!.]
n.ʣ
A Eurasian plant(Raphanus sativus)  having a fleshy, edible root and white to purple flowers clustered in a terminal raceme. 
Сܲһֲŷ½ֲܲ ܲ ˶ʳΪɫɫдؼ״ 
The pungent root of this plant, eaten raw as an appetizer and in salads.
ֲܲĸʳθƷɫ
?
Middle English radiche 
йӢ radiche 
from Old English r?dic 
Դ Ӣ r?dic 
from Latin r3ox}  r3doc- [root] * see  wr3d- 
Դ  r3ox}  r3doc- [] *μ wr3d- 

= =
radium
ra.di.um
AHD:[r3d?-m] 
D.J.[6re!di8*m]
K.K.[6redi*m]
n.Symbol Ra ʣ Ra 
A rare, brilliant white, luminescent, highly radioactive metallic element found in very small amounts in uranium ores, having 13 isotopes with mass numbers between 213 and 230, of 
which radium 226 with a half-life of 1,622 years is the most common. It is used in cancer radiotherapy, as a neutron source for some research purposes, and as a constituent of 
luminescent paints. Atomic number 88; melting point 700=C; boiling point 1,737=C; valence 2.See table at element 
أһϡеġаɫ󡢷⡢߶ȷԵĽԪأشУ13ͬλأ213230֮䣬Ϊ226˥Ϊ1,622ꡣؿ
ڰ֢ķƣһЩоԴϵĳɷ֡ԭ88۵700=Cе1,737=CԭӼ2μ element
?
Latin radius [ray] 
 radius [] 
-ium 
-ium

= =
radius
ra.di.us
AHD:[r3d?-s] 
D.J.[6re!di8*s]
K.K.[6redi*s]
n.ʣ
 ra.di.i[-d?-o]   ra.di.us.es  
Abbr. R,r,rad.Mathematics 
д R,r,rad.ѧ 
A line segment that joins the center of a circle with any point on its circumference.
Բ뾶ԲԲһ߶
A line segment that joins the center of a sphere with any point on its surface.
뾶һ߶
A line segment that joins the center of a regular polygon with any of its vertices.
εһһ߶
The length of any such line segment.
룺߶εĳ
A circular area measured by a given radius:
뾶Χĳһ뾶ƵԲε
every family within a radius of 25 miles of the city center.
סİ뾶25ӢķΧڵļͥ
A bounded range of effective activity or influence:
뾶ЧӰı߽緶Χ
the operating radius of a helicopter.
ֱɻս뾶
A radial part or structure, such as a mechanically pivoted arm or the spoke of a wheel.
䲿֣εĲṹеıۻֵķ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
A long, prismatic, slightly curved bone, the shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones, located on the lateral side of the ulna.
ǣһֳġ״΢ͷǰ۹н϶̽ϴֵһλڳ߹ǵĺ
A similar bone in many vertebrates.
ǣ༹׵еƵĹͷ
?
Latin [ray] 
 [] 

= =
rag
rag 1
AHD:[r2g] 
D.J.[r#g]
K.K.[r#g]
n.ʣ
A scrap of cloth.
Ʋһ鲼Ƭ
A piece of cloth used for cleaning, washing, or dusting.
ĨڲϴĲƬ
rags Threadbare or tattered clothing.
 rags ƾ·ɵĻ˵·
Cloth converted to pulp for making paper.
ֽòƳɽ״ֽĲ
A scrap; a fragment.
ƬƬ
Slang A newspaper, especially one specializing in sensationalism or gossip.
ٵ ָֽֽרΣ򴫲СϢıֽ
The stringy central portion and membranous walls of a citrus fruit.
磺ٹʵмάĲֺĤ
?
Middle English ragge 
йӢ ragge 
from Old English *ragg 
Դ Ӣ *ragg 
from Old Norse *r?gg [woven tuft of wool] 
Դ ˹ά *r?gg [֯һë] 
?
rag
rag 2
AHD:[r2g] 
D.J.[r#g]
K.K.[r#g]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ragged,rag.ging,rags 
Slang To tease or taunt.See Synonyms at banter 
ٵ ϷŪЦμ banter
Slang To berate; scold.
ٵ 
Chiefly British To play a joke on.
Ӣ Ц
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
A practical joke; a prank.
磻Ц
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
rag
rag 3
AHD:[r2g] 
D.J.[r#g]
K.K.[r#g]
n.ʣ
A roofing slate with one rough surface.
ʯߣһдֲڱĸݶʯ
Chiefly British A coarsely textured rock.
Ӣ Ӳʯңһֲڵʯ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
rag
rag 4
AHD:[r2g] ֡ 
D.J.[r#g]
K.K.[r#g]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ragged,rag.ging,rags 
To compose or play (a piece) in ragtime.
ɢࣺɢִࣨһξʿ֣
n.ʣ
A piece written in ragtime.
ɢɢдľʿ
?
Perhaps from ragged 
Դ ragged

= =
rage
rage
AHD:[r3j] 
D.J.[re!d9]
K.K.[red9]
n.ʣ
Violent, explosive anger.See Synonyms at anger 
ŭǿҵġױŭμ anger
A fit of anger.
ŭ
Furious intensity, as of a storm or disease.
񱩣Ᵽҵȣڷ籩򼲲
A burning desire; a passion.
ȼյ
A current, eagerly adopted fashion; a fad or craze:
һʱʱУУʱµġܻӭķʱлУ
when torn jeans were all the rage.
˺Ƶţпǳеʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
raged,rag.ing,rag.es 
To speak or act in violent anger:
ŭ˵ŭ
raged at the mindless bureaucracy.
ŭ޴Ĺ
To move with great violence or intensity:
ϯԼıƶ
A storm raged through the mountains.
籩ϯɽ
To spread or prevail forcefully:
ʢУɢ
The plague raged for months.
ʢ˺ü
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin rabia 
Դ  rabia 
from Latin rabi?s 
Դ  rabi?s 
from rabere [to be mad] 
Դ rabere [] 

= =
raid
raid
AHD:[r3d] 
D.J.[re!d]
K.K.[red]
n.ʣ
A surprise attack by a small armed force.
ͻȻϮϮСɲӽеļϮ
Sudden, forcible entry into a place by police:
ͻȻѲͻȻʹñĳأ
a raid on a gambling den.
ԶѵͻȻϮ
An entrance into another's territory for the purpose of seizing goods or valuables.
룺Ϊ˾ȡƱ
A predatory operation mounted against a competitor, especially an attempt to lure away the personnel or membership of a competing organization.
Ӷ᣺ԾֲȡӶʽжָĿ߾֯ԱԱ
An attempt to seize control of a company, as by acquiring a majority of its stock.
̣öĳ˾֧ȨŬͨøù˾Ĵ󲿷ֹƱ
An attempt by speculators to drive stock prices down by coordinated selling.
۹ƱͶΪʹƱ۸µȡΪ
v.ʣ
raid.ed,raid.ing,raids 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a raid on.
ϮԡϮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To conduct a raid or participate in one.
ϮȡϮ
?
Scots [raid on horseback] 
ո [Ϯ] 
from Middle English rade 
Դ йӢ rade 
from Old English r3d [a riding, road] * see  reidh- 
Դ Ӣ r3d [·] *μ reidh- 
?
raider
n.ʣ
?
The members of an army traveling on a particularroad  to carry out a raid  probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid  and road  descend from the same 
Old English word r3.  Theai  in raid  represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a,  while theoa  in road  represents the standard development of 
Old English long a  in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishr3d  meant the act of riding and the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,senses that no longer exist 
for our wordroad.  It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid  with the sense a military expedition on horseback.The Scots weren't making all the raids, 
however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last 
somer.The Rode was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.
һ֧ӵʿĳroad ·нԷһ raid Ϯ Ųʹ֮ʲôϵȻraid  road ԴڹӢеͬһ rad  Raid е 
ai ˹Ӣбг a ı׼չ road е oa Ӣ﷽г a ķչ Ӣrad ˼ǡжͳڵж Ҳ˵
һϮв· ˼ ֶء˹ؾʿָֻraid ʵոʽ ˼ǡϵԶȻϮֻո˷ƺҲ
˶ʵƫãΪӢĿĴʷ зλ ȥĩոϮ֮󡭡áϮɺԲĸ˹صķ
ŵɭĺ쵼

= =
rail
rail 1
AHD:[r3l] 
D.J.[re!l]
K.K.[rel]
n.ʣ
A bar extending horizontally between supports, as in a fence.
ˣϣˮƽ֧֮Ķ̹
A structure made of such bars and supports and forming a barrier or guard; a railing.
Χֶ̹֧ӣγһϰդ
A steel bar used, usually in pairs, as a track for railroad cars or other wheeled vehicles.
죬ֹ죺𳵳ֳĹĸֹ죬ͨɶʹ
The railroad as a means of transportation:
·Ϊ䷽ʽ·䣺
goods transported by rail.
ͨ·Ļ
A horizontal piece of wood in a door or in paneling.
ᵲϻ򴰸ˮƽľ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
railed,rail.ing,rails 
To supply or enclose with rails or a rail.
Χṩ˻Χ
?
Middle English raile 
йӢ raile 
from Old French reille 
Դ ŷ reille 
from Latin r?a [straight piece of wood, ruler] * see  reg- 
Դ  r?a [ֱľ] *μ reg- 
?
rail
rail 2
AHD:[r3l] 
D.J.[re!l]
K.K.[rel]
n.ʣ
Any of various marsh birds of the family Rallidae, characteristically having brownish plumage and short wings adapted only for short flights.
һƵеصΪëɫֻ̣ܶ̾
?
Middle English raile 
йӢ raile 
from Old French raale 
Դ ŷ raale 
perhaps from Old French raler, racler [to scrape] 
Դ ŷ raler, racler [] 
from Old Proven?al rasclar * see  raclette 
Դ ˹ rasclar *μ raclette
?
rail
rail 3
AHD:[r3l] 
D.J.[re!l]
K.K.[rel]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
railed,rail.ing,rails 
To express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or abusive language.See Synonyms at scold 
Թ÷ߺޡסԱʾԻμ scold
?
Middle English railen 
йӢ railen 
from Old French railler [to tease, joke] 
Դ ŷ railler [ŪЦ] 
from Old Proven?al ralhar [to chat, joke] 
Դ ˹ ralhar [ģЦ] 
from Vulgar Latin *ragul3e [to bray] 
Դ  *ragul3e [] 
from Late Latin ragere 
Դ  ragere 
?
railer
n.ʣ

= =
railroad
rail.road
AHD:[r3lr?d] 
D.J.[6re!l7r*&d]
K.K.[6rel7rod]
n.Abbr. RR,R.R.,r.,R.ʣд RR,R.R.,r.,R.
A road composed of parallel steel rails supported by ties and providing a track for locomotive-drawn trains or other wheeled vehicles.
·һľ֧ŵƽеĸֹ칹ɵ·ΪԶǣ𳵻ֳṩ
A system of railroad track, together with the land, stations, rolling stock, and other related property under one management.
·ϵͳ·ءվͬһŹزƲϵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
·һʣ
railroad lines; railroad ties.
·ߣ·ľ
v.ʣ
rail.road.ed,rail.road.ing,rail.roads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport by railroad.
ͨ·
To supply (an area) with railroads.
·һṩ·
Informal 
ʽ 
To rush or push (something) through quickly in order to prevent careful consideration and possible criticism or obstruction:
ʹͨѸٴٳɣĳ£ԱĿǺͿܻӣ
railroad a special-interest bill through Congress.
ٳһ鰸ͨ
To convict (an accused person) without a fair trial or on trumped-up charges.
ʶδлվסŵָأУһߵˣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work for a railroad company.
·ϹΪһ·˾
?
railroader
n.ʣ

= =
railway
rail.way
AHD:[r3lw3] 
D.J.[6re!l7we!]
K.K.[6rel7we]
n.Abbr. rwy.,ry.,r.,R.ʣд rwy.,ry.,r.,R.
A railroad, especially one operated over a limited area:
··ָһھӪ·
a commuter railway.
·
A track providing a runway for wheeled equipment.
Ϊװӵ豸ṩܵĹ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
·һʣ
railway stops; railway lines.
·վ·

= =
rain
rain
AHD:[r3n] 
D.J.[re!n]
K.K.[ren]
n.ʣ
Water condensed from atmospheric vapor and falling in drops.
꣺ˮᲢɵνµˮ
A fall of such water; a rainstorm.
꣺ˮ½
The descent of such water.
꣺ˮĽ
Rainy weather.
죺
rains A rainy season.
 rains 꼾ļ
A heavy or abundant fall:
£ܴĻḻ½
a rain of fluffy cottonwood seeds; a rain of insults.
µİӣһ
v.ʣ
rained,rain.ing,rains 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall in drops of water from the clouds.
꣺ˮʽ½
To fall like rain:
£һ½
Praise rained down on the composer.
λҵļ糱
To release rain.
ʹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send or pour down.
£ųкк
To give abundantly; shower:
£ظ裻ע
rain gifts; rain curses upon their heads.
ƷͣùѪͷ
?
rain out
To force the cancellation or postponement of (an outdoor event) because of rain.
ڣȡȡƳ٣
?
rain cats and dogsʽ
To rain very heavily.
꣺ҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?n 
Դ Ӣ r?n 
?
rainless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rainbow
rain.bow
AHD:[r3nb?] 
D.J.[6re!n7b*&]
K.K.[6ren7bo]
n.ʣ
An arc of all seven spectral colors appearing in the sky opposite the sun as a result of the refractive dispersion of sunlight in drops of rain or mist.
ʺ磺λζֹãʹֵ̫һɫ׵Ļ
A similar arc or band, as one produced by a prism or by iridescence.
Ʋʺ磺ƵĻӣ⾵ֹ⾵ɵ
A graded display of colors.
ͷ׵Уɫķּʾ
An illusory hope:
룺õϣ
chasing the rainbow of overnight success.
׷Ѱһҹɹ
A diverse assortment or collection.
廨ŵľۺϣڶļռ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?a 
Դ Ӣ r?a 
r?n [rain] 
r?n [] 
boga [bow] * see  bow 3
boga [] *μ bow3

= =
rainy
rain.y
AHD:[r3n?] 
D.J.[6re!ni8]
K.K.[6reni]
adj.ݴʣ
rain.i.er,rain.i.est 
Characterized by, full of, or bringing rain.
ģΪģĻ
?
raininess
n.ʣ

= =
raise
raise
AHD:[r3z] 
D.J.[re!z]
K.K.[rez]
v.ʣ
raised,rais.ing,rais.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move to a higher position; elevate:
̧𣬾𣺰ѡƵһϸߵλãߣ
raised the loads with a crane.See Synonyms at lift 
ػѻμ lift
To set in an upright or erect position:
ѡֱֱλã
raise a flagpole.

To erect or build:
죺裺
raise a new building.
һ¥
To cause to arise, appear, or exist:
¡ʹ͹ʹֻ֡ڣ
The slap raised a welt.
ǼǶһӡ
To increase in size, quantity, or worth:
ͣӣڳߴ硢ֵӣ
raise an employee's salary.
ΪԱн
To increase in intensity, degree, strength, or pitch:
ߣǿǿȡ̶ȡӣ
raised his voice.

To improve in rank or dignity; promote:
Ǩ٣ְλϷƣ
raised her to management level.
ᵽ
To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate:
ֲֳָ࣬棻ֲ
raise corn and soybeans.
׺ʹ
To breed and care for to maturity:
ֳչ˵죺
raise cattle.

To bring up; rear:

raise children.

To put forward for consideration:
Թǣ
raised an important question.See Synonyms at broach 1
һҪμ broach1
To voice; utter:

raise a shout.

To awaken; arouse:
ѣ
noise that would raise the dead.
ܰ˳
To stir up; instigate:
Ķɿ
raise a revolt.
ɿ
To bring about; provoke:
ʹ
remarks intended to raise a laugh.
ʹ˷ЦĻ
To make contact with by radio:
ߵϵ
couldn't raise the control tower after midnight.
ҹ޷
To gather together; collect:
ռ
raise money from the neighbors for a charity.
ھǮһ
To cause (dough) to puff up.
ͣʹţ
To end (a siege) by withdrawing troops or forcing the enemy troops to withdraw.
Ѳӳ߻ʹ˰ѲӳԽһΧ
To remove or withdraw (an order).
һ
Games 
Ϸ 
To increase (a poker bet).
עӣ˿˶ע
To bet more than (a preceding bettor in poker).
עˣ¶ע˿ϷǰߵĶע
To increase the bid of (one's bridge partner).
ӽУӣĳ˵ƶԼңĽ
Nautical To bring into sight by approaching nearer:
 üͨʹߣ
raised the Cape.
Ǹᵽ
To alter and increase fraudulently the written value of (a check, for example).
ӼֵթֶθĻӣ֧Ʊϣдļֵ
To cough up (phlegm).
̵
Scots To make angry; enrage.
ո ŭŭ
v.intr.Games ﶯʣϷ 
To increase a poker bet or a bridge bid.
Ӵע˿˶עƽ
n.ʣ
The act of raising or increasing.
ӣߣ߻ӵΪ
An increase in salary.
ннˮ
?
raise Cain 
raise the devil  
raise hell
To behave in a rowdy or disruptive fashion.
Ұ£ԴҰԵķʽΪ
To reprimand someone angrily.
Ǵسĳ
raise eyebrows
To cause surprise or mild disapproval.
ʹʹ죺΢Ĳ
raise the stakes
To increase one's commitment or involvement.
ѣĳ˵
?
Middle English raisen 
йӢ raisen 
from Old Norse reisa 
Դ ˹ά reisa 
?
raiser
n.ʣ

= =
rake
rake 1
AHD:[r3k] 
D.J.[re!k]
K.K.[rek]
n.ʣ
A long-handled implement with a row of projecting teeth at its head, used especially to gather leaves or to loosen or smooth earth.
ӣһһ͹ĳݵĳߣָռҶ
A device that resembles such an implement.
״þߣֹߵ豸
v.ʣ
raked,rak.ing,rakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gather or move with or as if with a rake:
ðӾ۳ɣûðһռƶ
rake leaves; rake in the gambling chips.
Ҷ£ĳ
To smooth, scrape, or loosen with a rake or similar implement:
ɣƽðӻƵĹƽɣ
rake the soil for planting.
Ϊׯڶҵ
Informal To gain in abundance:
ʽ ã
suddenly began raking in the money.
ͻȻʼԴ
To search or examine thoroughly; ransack.
ϸ飻
To scrape; scratch.
ץȡĦ
To aim heavy gunfire along the length of.
ɨ䣬䣺һΡҿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use a rake.
ʹð
To conduct a thorough search:
ϸȫ
raked through the files for the misplaced letter.
ΪһŵŶЩļ
?
rake up
To revive or bring to light; uncover:
ʹ¶ʹԳʹֻڣ
rake up old gossip.
¶ϵĴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English raca * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ raca *μ reg- 
?
raker
n.ʣ
?
rake
rake 2
AHD:[r3k] 
D.J.[re!k]
K.K.[rek]
n.ʣ
An immoral or dissolute person; a libertine.
ŵˣаĻŵˣΪ
?
Short for rakehell 
 rakehellļд
?
rake
rake 3
AHD:[r3k] 
D.J.[re!k]
K.K.[rek]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
raked,rak.ing,rakes 
To slant or cause to incline from the perpendicular:
ʹбӴֱǶбʹӴֱǶб
propeller blades that rake backward from the shaft; rake a ship's mast.
бҶʹΦб
n.ʣ
Inclination from the perpendicular:
бȣӴֱǶȵб
the rake of a jet plane's wings.
ʽɻб
The angle between the cutting edge of a tool and a plane perpendicular to the working surface to which the tool is applied.
ǣĳߵбߺʹߵĹ洹ֱķɻ֮ĽǶ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
rally
rally 1
AHD:[r2l?] 
D.J.[6r#li8]
K.K.[6r#li]
v.ʣ
ral.lied,ral.ly.ing,ral.lies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To call together for a common purpose; assemble:
ټϣΪ˹ͬĿĶټһ𣻼ϣ
rally troops at a parade ground.
ϲ
To reassemble and restore to order:
ټָ
rally scattered forces.
ټɢĲ
To rouse or revive from inactivity or decline:
񣬻ָӲԾ½ָ
paused to refresh themselves and rally their strength.
ͣһ£ǻָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come together for a common purpose.
ۼΪһͬĿľۼһ
To join in an effort for a common cause:
ϣΪһͬĿĳһŬУ
In the terror and confusion of change, society rallied round the kings(Garrett Mattingly)
ڿ־ͻҵı仯УȫŽڹΧ(ء)
To recover abruptly from a setback or disadvantage:
ΪʤӴۻͻȻָ
The stock market declined, then rallied. The home team rallied in the ninth inning to win the game.
µˣڵھžͻȻѹӮⳡ
To show sudden improvement in health or spirits.
ԭͻȻָڽֳͻȻ
Sports To exchange several strokes before a point is won, as in tennis.
˶ Դڵһǰ˼غϣ
n.ʣ
 ral.lies 
A gathering, especially one intended to inspire enthusiasm for a cause:
ϣһּᣬָΪ˼ĳҵеļ᣺
a political rally.
һμ
A reassembling, as of dispersed troops.
¼ϣ¾ۼɢĲ
The signal ordering this reassembly.
źţ¾ۼ
An abrupt recovery from a setback or disadvantage.
ΪʤӴۻͻȻĻָ
A sharp improvement in health, vigor, or spirits.
ԭָڽͳ
A notable rise in stock market prices and trading volume after a decline.
м۸ͳɽµ
Sports 
˶ 
An exchange of several strokes, before a point is won, as in tennis.
Դ򣺵һ֮ǰļغϣ
A competition in which automobiles are driven over public roads and under normal traffic regulations but with specified rules as to speed, time, and route.
·һгڹ·ϰĽͨʻٶȡʱ·Ҫ
?
French rallier 
 rallier 
from Old French ralier 
Դ ŷ ralier 
re- [re-] 
re- [] 
alier [to unite, ally] * see  ally 
alier [Žᣬ] *μ ally
?
rally
rally 2
AHD:[r2l?] 
D.J.[6r#li8]
K.K.[6r#li]
v.ʣ
ral.lied,ral.ly.ing,ral.lies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tease good-humoredly; banter.
ЦȡЦȤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in good-humored teasing or jesting.
ЦȡЦЦ
?
French railler 
 railler 
from Old French [to tease] * see  rail 3
Դ ŷ [ȡЦ] *μ rail3

= =
random
ran.dom
AHD:[r2ndm] 
D.J.[6r#nd*m]
K.K.[6r#nd*m]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no specific pattern, purpose, or objective:
ûоʽĿĻݵģ
random movements; a random choice.See Synonyms at chance 
˶һѡμ chance
Statistics Of or relating to the same or equal chances or probability of occurrence for each member of a group.
ͳѧ ģͬÿԱͬƽȻֵܳ
?
at random
Without a governing design, method, or purpose; unsystematically:
ûͳһƻĿĵģṹҵģ
chose a card at random from the deck.
һѡһ
?
From at random [by chance, at great speed] 
Դ at random [أѸٵ] 
from Middle English randon [speed, violence] 
Դ йӢ randon [ٶȣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from randir [to run] 
Դ randir [] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դڵ] 
?
randomly
adv.ʣ
randomness
n.ʣ

= =
range
range
AHD:[r3nj] 
D.J.[re!nd9]
K.K.[rend9]
n.Abbr. Ra.,r.,R.ʣд Ra.,r.,R.
Extent of perception, knowledge, experience, or ability.
Χ֪֪ʶķΧ
The area or sphere in which an activity takes place.
ޣĵΧ
The full extent covered:
ǵķΧ漰зΧ
within the range of possibilities.
ڿܵΧ
An amount or extent of variation:
䶯ķΧ仯̶ȣ
a wide price range.
ļ۸仯Χ
Music The gamut of tones that a voice or an instrument is capable of producing.
֡ ܴﵽ׵ȫ
The maximum extent or distance limiting operation, action, or effectiveness, as of a projectile, an aircraft, a radio signal, or a sound.
̣̣ߵźŻܴﵽСжЧΧ
The maximum distance that can be covered by a vehicle with a specified payload before its fuel supply is exhausted.
·̣ĳһͨĳȼþǰܴﵽԶ
The distance between a projectile weapon and its target.
̣ͶĿ֮ľ
A place equipped for practice in shooting at targets.
ϰĵط
Aerospace A testing area at which rockets and missiles are launched and tracked.
̫ѧ 䳡лȷ䡢׷ٵ
An extensive area of open land on which livestock wander and graze.
ειʳĹ
The geographic region in which a plant or an animal normally lives or grows.
ֲĳֲһĵλ
The act of wandering or roaming over a large area.
Σй䣺ĳܴΧĿεΪ
Mathematics The set of all values a given function may take on.
ѧ ֵĳ̶еֵ
Statistics The difference or interval between the smallest and largest values in a frequency distribution.
ͳѧ ƵʷֲֵСֵ֮Ĳ
A class, a rank, or an order:
׼ȼ׼ȼ
The candidate had broad support from the lower ranges of the party.
úѡڵ²㵳Աк֧ܶ
An extended group or series, especially a row or chain of mountains.
ɽչһһϵУرָһ̶ɽ
One of a series of double-faced bookcases in a library stack room.
˫ͼݴǰ濪֮ܵһ
A north-south strip of townships, each six miles square, numbered east and west from a specified meridian in a U.S. public land survey.
ӢزĳضΪ㣬Ӷţռƽһϵϱ״
A stove with spaces for cooking a number of things at the same time.
¯һͬʱܶණ¯
v.ʣ
ranged,rang.ing,rang.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange or dispose in a particular order, especially in rows or lines.
Уã֯ض˳رųл
To assign to a particular category; classify.
ࣺĳһض룻
To align (a gun, for example) with a target.
׼ѣǹ֦׼Ŀ
To determine the distance of (a target).
ȷ̣ⶨĿȣľ
To be capable of reaching (a maximum distance).
С̣ܹﵽԶ룩
To pass over or through (an area or a region).
ب죺ͨ򴩹ĳ
To turn (livestock) onto an extensive area of open land for grazing.
ѣ󣩸ϵһƬԱõι
Nautical To uncoil (an anchor cable) on deck so the anchor may descend easily.
 ⿪ê£ڼװϽ⿪Աܸê
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To vary within specified limits:
ڡΧڱ䶯ĳһضķΧڱ仯
ages that ranged from two to five.

To extend in a particular direction:
ĳһض죺
a river that ranges to the east.
һĺ
To extend or lie in the same direction:
ͬչͬķڻչ
Whatsoever comes athwart his affection ranges evenly with mine(Shakespeare)
ΥеĶҲΥҵС(ɯʿ)
To pass over or through an area or a region in or as if in exploration.
ѰСؾԽĳط̽
To wander freely; roam.
й䣬ǻɵεĿɢ
To live or grow within a particular region.
ɢֲĳһض
?
Middle English [row, rank] 
йӢ [ţ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from rangier [to put in a row] 
Դ rangier [һ] 
from rang, reng [line] 
Դ rang, reng [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  sker- 2
[Ե] *μ sker- 2
?
range,ambit,compass,orbit,purview,reach,scope,sweep
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an area within which something acts, operates, or has power or control: 
Щʹе˼ָĳжתͿȨ򡱣 
the range of a supersonic jet;
ʽɻḷ́
the ambit of municipal legislation;
Χ
information not within the compass of this article;
ƪûᵽϢ
countries within the political orbit of a world power;
ƷΧڵĹң
hospital regulations under the purview of the department of health;
ලµҽԺƶȣ
outside the reach of the law;
ڷɷΧ֮⣻
issues within the scope of an investigation;
鷶Χڵ⣻
outside the sweep of federal authority. See also Synonyms at  wander 
⽨ȨƷΧ μͬ wander

= =
rank
rank 1
AHD:[r2ngk] 
D.J.[r#0k]
K.K.[r#0k]
n.ʣ
A relative position in a society.
λײ㣺λ
An official position or grade:
ְλټٷλȼ
the rank of sergeant.
ʿְλ
A relative position or degree of value in a graded group.
˳򣬴һȼλûԼֵ
High or eminent station or position:
λԹ󣺸߼ͻĵλְλ
persons of rank.
Թ
A row, line, series, or range.
УССϵл
A line of soldiers, vehicles, or equipment standing side by side in close order.
ţŽܵһһŵʿͨ߻װ
ranks The armed forces.
 ranks ӣװ
ranks Personnel, especially enlisted military personnel.
 ranks ʿԱָμӾ²ӵĳԱ
ranks A body of people classed together; numbers:
 ranks ȺڣһǣԱ
joined the ranks of the unemployed.
뵽ʧҵ
Games Any of the horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard.
Ϸ ţ񣺹ɸ
v.ʣ
ranked,rank.ing,ranks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in a row or rows.
УһŻ
To give a particular order or position to; classify.
ֵȣּ衭ضĴλã
To outrank or take precedence over.
ڣڡ֮ϣ߹ڡ֮ǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hold a particular rank:
λڣռһضĵȼ
ranked first in the class.
ڰǰé
To form or stand in a row or rows.
ʹɺţγɻվһŻ
Slang 
ٵ 
To complain.
Թ
To engage in carping criticism. Often used withon : 
ëãҴ̣ϵؽм̵ͨon ã 
Stop ranking on me all the time.
ҪܶҴë
?
pull rank
To use one's superior rank to gain an advantage.
ŪȨĳ˵ĸ߼ְλı
?
Middle English [line, row] 
йӢ [У] 
from Old French ranc, renc 
Դ ŷ ranc, renc 
[of Germanic origin] * see  sker- 2
[Դڵ] *μ sker- 2
?
rank
rank 2
AHD:[r2ngk] 
D.J.[r#0k]
K.K.[r#0k]
adj.ݴʣ
rank.er,rank.est 
Growing profusely or with excessive vigor:
ïܴģïܻٶȼģ
rank vegetation in the jungle.
ïֲܴ
Yielding a profuse, often excessive crop; highly fertile:
ȷֵģïֲģֵģ
rank earth.
ֵ
Strong and offensive in odor or flavor.
̱ǵģŵģζζǿһʹ˲
Conspicuously offensive:
˵ģʹ˲ģ
rank treachery.See Synonyms at flagrant 
ѱμ flagrant
Absolute; complete:
Եģȫģ
a rank amateur; a rank stranger.
һصҵߣʮİ
?
Middle English ranc 
йӢ ranc 
from Old English [strong, overbearing] * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ [ǿҵģ] *μ reg- 
?
rankly
adv.ʣ
rankness
n.ʣ

= =
rapid
rap.id
AHD:[r2p1d] 
D.J.[6r#p!d]
K.K.[6r#p!d]
adj.ݴʣ
rap.id.er,rap.id.est 
Moving, acting, or occurring with great speed; swift.See Synonyms at fast 1
ѸٵģԼٶ˶жģɿĲμ fast1
n.ʣ
An extremely fast-moving part of a river, caused by a steep descent in the riverbed. Often used in the plural.
̲ںӴб½γɵĺһ֣ø
?
Latin rapidus 
 rapidus 
from rapere [to seize] * see  rep- 
Դ rapere [ץס] *μ rep- 
?
rapidity
AHD:[r-p1d1-t?]   rapid.ness [r2p1d-ns] ʣ
rapidly
adv.ʣ

= =
rare
rare 1
AHD:[rar] 
D.J.[re*]
K.K.[rWr]
adj.ݴʣ
rar.er,rar.est д r.
Infrequently occurring; uncommon:
ģٷģģ
a rare event; a plant that is rare in this region.
¼ڱټֲ
Excellent; extraordinary:
ģѰģ
a rare sense of honor; a rare friend.
ѰУõ
Thin in density: rarefied:
ϡģܶСģϡģ
rare air.
ϡĿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin r3s 
Դ  r3s 
?
rareness
n.ʣ
?
rare
rare 2
AHD:[rar] 
D.J.[re*]
K.K.[rWr]
adj.ݴʣ
rar.er,rar.est 
Cooked a short time to retain juice and redness:
۵ģʱ̣֭ʺɫģ
a rare steak.
۵ţ
?
Middle English rere [lightly boiled] 
йӢ rere [΢ļ忾] 
from Old English hr?r * see  ker- 
Դ Ӣ hr?r *μ ker- 
?
rareness
n.ʣ

= =
rarely
rare.ly
AHD:[rarl?] 
D.J.[6re*li8]
K.K.[6rWrli]
adv.ʣ
Not often; infrequently:
еģټģأϡٵأ
The truth is rarely pure and never simple(Oscar Wilde)
ǴģǼ򵥵ġ(˹)
In an unusual degree; exceptionally.
أرأԲѰĳ̶ȵأ
With uncommon excellence.
أѵأܳأгŵ
?
Strictly speaking,the use ofever  after rarely  and seldom  is redundant;  
ϸ˵rarely  seldom ټ ever һظ  
She rarely ever watches television adds nothing to  
Ҳ  
She rarely watches television. 
Ӳκ 
In an earlier surveya large majority of the Usage Panel found this construction unacceptable in formal writing.Butever  has been used as an intensive with rarely  for several hundred 
years, and the construction is common in informal contexts.By contrast, the constructionsrarely  (or seldom ) if ever  and rarely  (or seldom ) or never  are unexceptionable:  
ǰĵ飬÷רСΪֽṹɽܣʽСever  rarely ֮ʾǿмʷ ֽṹڷʽǳõġ
rarely  seldom ) if ever  rarely  seldom ) or never Ľṹȴȫܽܵģ  
She rarely if ever watches television.
ٿӡ
She rarely or never watches television. See Usage Note at hardly ,redundancy 
ٿ μ hardly,redundancy

= =
rat
rat
AHD:[r2t] 
D.J.[r#t]
K.K.[r#t]
n.ʣ
Any of various long-tailed rodents resembling mice but larger, especially one of the genusRattus.  
󣬼󵫱ĳβݶеһ֣رڼ Ķ 
Any of various animals similar to one of these long-tailed rodents.
βĿ
Informal A despicable, sneaky person, especially one who betrays or informs upon associates.
ʽ 󱲣Сˣᣬƻرǳ淢ͬ
A pad of material, typically hair, worn as part of a woman's coiffure to puff out her own hair.
Ů÷棺һŵ״ͨͷɣŮͷΪͷﵽɵЧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
rat.ted,rat.ting,rats 
To hunt for or catch rats, especially with the aid of dogs.
ѰһԲָùԲ
Slang To desert or betray one's comrades by giving information:
ٵ 鱨ͬ־
ratted on his best friend to the police.
õѳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?t 
Դ Ӣ r?t 

= =
rate
rate 1
AHD:[r3t] 
D.J.[re!t]
K.K.[ret]
n.ʣ
A quantity measured with respect to another measured quantity:
ʣٶȣһȷһı
a rate of speed of 60 miles an hour.
ʮ
A measure of a part with respect to a whole; a proportion:
ʣγɵıʣ
the mortality rate; a tax rate.
ʣ˰
The cost per unit of a commodity or service:
ãÿλƷķã
postal rates.

A charge or payment calculated in relation to a particular sum or quantity:
ʣضйصķûշѣ
interest rates.

Level of quality.
ȼĵȼ׼
Often rates Chiefly British A locally assessed property tax.
  rates Ӣ ˰طյĲ˰
v.ʣ
rat.ed,rat.ing,rates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To calculate the value of; appraise.See Synonyms at estimate 
ۣ۳ļֵƲμ estimate
To place in a particular rank or grade.
춨ȼĳһضĽײȼ
To regard or account:
Ϊ
rated the movie excellent.
ΪһõĵӰ
To value for purposes of taxation.
˰Ϊ˰ĿĶй
To set a rate for (goods to be shipped).
ʣΪĻз
To specify the performance limits of (a machine, for example):
趨ʣΪȷʹüޣ
This fuse is rated at 50 amperes.
˿۶ϼʮĵ
Informal To merit or deserve:
ʽ ֵãӦã
people that rate special treatment.See Synonyms at earn 1
ֵܵŴ˲μ earn1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be ranked in a particular class.
ĳȼĳһضײ
Informal To have status, importance, or influence.
ʽ еλӰеλҪԻӰ
?
at any rate
Whatever the case may be.
Σʲô
At least.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin rata [proportion] 
Դ  rata [] 
short for Latin (pr?3 (parte)} [(according to a) fixed (part)] [from feminine ablative past participle of] r?ro [to consider, reckon] * see  ar- 
  (pr?3 (parte) ļд} [һȷģ֣]  [] Դr?roԶȥִ [˼] *μ ar- 
?
rate
rate 2
AHD:[r3t] 
D.J.[re!t]
K.K.[ret]
v.ʣ
rat.ed,rat.ing,rates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To berate.
ŭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express reproof.

?
Middle English raten 
йӢ raten 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 

= =
rather
rath.er
AHD:[r2Yr, r?Yr] 
D.J.[6r#H*, 6r$8H*]
K.K.[6r#H+, 6r$H+]
adv.ʣ
More readily; preferably:
ɣԸأϺأ
I'd rather go to the movies.
ԸȥӰ
With more reason, logic, wisdom, or other justification.
Ϻأиԭѧʶ߼֤
More exactly; more accurately:
ȷеأȷأ
He's my friend, or rather he was my friend.
ҵѣȷе˵ҵ
To a certain extent; somewhat:
൱أﵽһ̶ȵأ
rather cold.
൱
On the contrary.
෴
[r2Y?r, r?-] Chiefly British Most certainly. Used as an emphatic affirmative reply.
[r2Y?r, r?-] Ӣ Ȼ϶ءΪԿ϶Իشļǿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hrathor [comparative of] hr?the [quickly, soon] 
Դ Ӣ hrathor  [] hr?theıȽϼ [أܿ] 
from hr?th [quick] 
Դ hr?th [] 
?
In expressions of preferencerather  is commonly preceded by would  or in formal style should :  
ڱѡ˼ʱrather һ would ʽʽ should ֮  
We would rather rent the house than buy it outright.
ⴱӣҲԸֱ
I should rather my daughter attended a public school. 
ϣҵŮϹѧУ 
The use ofhad  in these constructions may now be more infrequent than it once was but is still encountered in reputable writing: 
ṹʹhad ûйȥã ʹʮУܷ÷ 
I had rather be dead than be a slave. 
ȥҲԸ⵱ū 
This use ofhad  was once widely criticized as a mistake, the result of a misanalysis of the contraction in sentences such asI'd rather stay.  But it is in fact a survival of the subjunctive 
formhad  that appears in constructions like had better  and had best,  as in  
ֶhad ʹ¹㷺 ΪڶI'd rather stay 仰ʽ¡ ʵǶhad better  had best  had ÷ã
˵  
We had better leave her alone. (Notice that in these constructions would  and should  cannot be used.) 
ȥע־вʹ would  should ) 
This use ofhad  shows an unbroken line of usage running back to Middle English, and traditional criticisms of these constructions are unfounded. Before an unmodified noun 
onlyrather a  is used: It was rather a disaster.  When the noun is preceded by an adjective, however, bothrather a  and a rather  are found: It was rather a boring party. It was a rather 
boring party.  Whena rather  is used in this construction, rather  can be construed as qualifying only the adjective, whereas withrather a  it can be construed as qualifying either the 
adjective or the entire noun phrase. Thusa rather long ordeal  can mean only an ordeal that is rather long, whereasrather a long ordeal  can also mean roughly a long process 
that is something of an ordeal. Rather a  is the only possible choice when the adjective itself does not permit modification: The horse was rather a long shot  (not The horse was a 
rather long shot ). See Usage Note at better 1should 
Had ʹ÷һֱ׷ݵйӢ ʷϲûжԴ˷ļءһûδʵǰһֻʹrather a  һѡ  ǰݴʱ
rather a  a rather Ͷʹˣ It was rather a boring party It was a rather a boring party  ִУʹa rather  rather ֻݴʣ ʹ
rather a ôͬʱݴʺʣΪݴҲΪʴ顣 a rather long ordeal ˼ָܳ rather a long ordeal ɸԵָһ
Ƶ̡ ݴʱû壬ôֻʹrather a  The horse was rather a  long shot  The horse was a rather long shot ) μ better1should

= =
rating
rating 1
AHD:[r3t1ng] 
D.J.[6re!t!0]
K.K.[6ret!0]
n.ʣ
A position assigned on a scale; a standing.
ȼһϵеȼеõλãְλ
A classification according to specialty or proficiency, as of a member of the armed forces.
Ʒس̶Ƚеķ࣬ھʵеƷ
Chiefly British An enlisted person in the navy.
Ӣ ʿںз۵
An evaluation of the financial status of a business or person:
ۣһ˾˲ϵ
a credit rating.
ծȨ
A specified performance limit, as of capacity, range, or operational capability:
ޣ̣תضļޣ
the power rating of a light fixture.
װĶ
The popularity of a television or radio program as estimated by a poll of segments of the audience.
ʣʣͨڣڵĵóĵӻ㲥Ŀܻӭ̶
?
rating
rating 2
AHD:[r3t1ng] 
D.J.[6re!t!0]
K.K.[6ret!0]
n.ʣ
A harsh scolding.
ǳ⣬

= =
ratio
ra.tio
AHD:[r3sh?, r3sh?-?] 
D.J.[6re!.*&, 6re!.i87*&]
K.K.[6re.o, 6re.i7o]
n.ʣ
 ra.tios 
Relation in degree or number between two similar things.
ʣԱȣڳ̶ȻϵĶԱȹϵ
The relative value of silver and gold in a currency system that is bimetallic.
ȼۣλнԱ
Mathematics The relation between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other:
ѧ ֮ıȣһһʽʾ
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
߱д747/4
?
Latin rati?} [calculation] 
 rati?} [] 
from ratus [past participle of] r?ro [to reckon, consider] * see  ar- 
Դ ratus  [] r?roĹȥִ [ǣ˼] *μ ar- 

= =
rational
ra.tion.al
AHD:[r2sh-nl] 
D.J.[6r#.*n*l]
K.K.[6r#.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or exercising the ability to reason.
Եģǵģлʹ
Of sound mind; sane.
ǽȫģͷģ
Consistent with or based on reason; logical:
ģΪģ
rational behavior.See Synonyms at logical 
ǵΪμ logical
Mathematics Capable of being expressed as a quotient of integers.
ѧ ģģܹ֮ȵʽ
?
Middle English racional 
йӢ racional 
from Old French racionel 
Դ ŷ racionel 
from Latin rati?3lis} 
Դ  rati?3lis} 
from rati?}  rati?n- [reason] * see  reason 
Դ rati?}  rati?n- [ԭ] *μ reason
?
rationally
adv.ʣ
rationalness
n.ʣ

= =
raw
raw
AHD:[r?] 
D.J.[r%8]
K.K.[r%]
adj.ݴʣ
raw.er,raw.est 
Uncooked:
ģδģ
raw meat.

Being in a natural condition; not processed or refined:
Ȼ״̬ģδӹģȻ״̬ģûоӹģ
raw wool.See Synonyms at crude 
ëμ crude
Not finished, covered, or coated:
ԭʵģδɡûиǻδֵģ
raw wood.See Synonyms at rude 
ԭľμ rude
Not having been subjected to adjustment, treatment, or analysis:
ԭʼģδģʾӴӹģ
raw data; the raw cost of production.
һϣƷԭʼɱ
Untrained and inexperienced:
ģ޾ģδѵûоģ
raw recruits.

Recently finished; fresh:
½ɵģɵģʵģ
raw plaster.
ͿĻ
Having subcutaneous tissue exposed:
¶ģƤ֯¶ģ
a raw wound.
ص˿
Inflamed; sore:
׵ģʹģ
a raw throat.
ʹɤ
Unpleasantly damp and chilly:
ģģʪʹ˲ģ
raw weather.

Cruel and unfair:
пģƽģ
a raw punishment.
пĳͷ
Outspoken; crude:
ֱʵģģֱ˵ģڵģ
a raw portrayal of truth.
ֱԲ
Powerfully impressive; stark:
˵ģӡģʮģ
raw beauty; raw talent.
˵ǻ
Nude; naked.
¶ģ
?
in the raw
In a crude or unrefined state:
δȻδ״̬
nature in the raw.
δȻ
Nude; naked.
壬¶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hr?w * see  kreu- 
Դ Ӣ hr?w *μ kreu- 
?
rawly
adv.ʣ
rawness
n.ʣ

= =
ray
ray 1
AHD:[r3] 
D.J.[re!]
K.K.[re]
n.ʣ
A thin line or narrow beam of light or other radiant energy.
ߣߣϸһխһ
A graphic or other representation of such a line.
ߣʾֹߵͼ
Radiance; light.
ԣ
A small amount; a trace:
ٵ˿
not a ray of hope left.
κһ˿ϣ
Mathematics A straight line extending from a point.Also called  half-line 
ѧ ߣһ㷢һֱҲ  half-line
A structure or part having the form of a straight line extending from a point.
֯״ʽĽṹ򲿷
Any of the bright streaks that are seen radiating from some craters on the moon.
ƣɽڷ֮һ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A ray flower or the corolla of a ray flower.
״״ֻĻ
A branch of an umbel.
ɡλɡλķ֦
Zoology 
ѧ 
One of the bony spines supporting the membrane of a fish's fin.
̣֧ĤĹ״֮һ
One of the arms of a starfish or other radiate animal.
ǵ㣺ǻ֦֮֫һ
rays Slang Sunshine:
 rays ٵ ̫⣺
Let's go to the beach and catch some rays.
ǵܵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rayed,ray.ing,rays 
To send out as rays; emit.
䣬䣺ߵʽɢ
To supply with rays or radiating lines.
ṩߣṩ߻
To cast rays on; irradiate.
⣬Ͷҫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French rai 
Դ ŷ rai 
from Latin radius 
Դ  radius 
?
ray
ray 2
AHD:[r3] 
D.J.[re!]
K.K.[re]
n.ʣ
Any of various marine fishes of the order Rajiformes or Batoidei, having cartilaginous skeletons, horizontally flattened bodies, and narrow tails.
􄣺ĿĿзˮеһ֣ƽβխ
?
Middle English raye 
йӢ raye 
from Old French raie 
Դ ŷ raie 
from Latin raia 
Դ  raia 
?
Ray
Ray
AHD:[r3] Cape
D.J.[re!]Cape
K.K.[re]Cape
NONE޴ԣ
A promontory of extreme southwest Newfoundland, Canada, on Cabot Strait.
׽ǣôŦ϶˿غϿһͻ
?
Ray
RayJohn (1627-1705)
NONE޴ԣ
English naturalist who was the first to use anatomy to distinguish between specific plants and animals and established species as the basic classification of living things.
ףԼ(1627-1705) ӢѧңһʹýʵķֲֲָͬͶȷΪĻλ
?
Ray
RayMan (1890-1976)
NONE޴ԣ
American artist. A founder of Dada in New York, he is known for his photographs, paintings, sculpture, films, and later experiments with surrealism.
ף(1890-1976) ҡŦԼĴʼˣӰͻܺͺĳʵʵ
?
Ray
Ray
AHD:[ro] Satyajit (1921-1992) 
D.J.[ra!]
K.K.[ra!]
NONE޴ԣ
Indian filmmaker whose works, especially the trilogy includingThe World of Apu  (1958), offer a contemplative depiction of Bengali life. 
żأ(1921-1992) ӡȵݣƷر硶յ硷 1958꣩Ƕϼķ˼ 

= =
razor
ra.zor
AHD:[r3zr] 
D.J.[6re!z*]
K.K.[6rez+]
n.ʣ
A sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair.
굶һֿзиߣҪϵĺӻë
A device for holding a razorblade, with guards to prevent cutting of the skin.Also called  safety razor 
굶ܣһְװ굶װãбƤֹ˵ıװҲ  safety razor
An electric instrument with vibrating or rotating blades used for shaving.
綯뵶һֵ綯𶯻ƶĵƬװ
?
Middle English rasor 
йӢ rasor 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from raser [to scrape] * see  raze 
Դ raser [] *μ raze

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reach
reach
AHD:[r?ch] 
D.J.[ri8t.]
K.K.[rit.]
v.ʣ
reached,reach.ing,reach.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stretch out or put forth (a body part); extend:
չһ֣չ죺
reached out an arm.
һֱֻ
To touch or grasp by stretching out or extending:
չץס
couldn't reach the shelf.
û
To arrive at; attain:
ﵽõ
reached a conclusion; reached their destination.
óһۣǵĿĵ
To succeed in getting in contact with or communicating with:
ȡϵͨɹ롭ϵ롭
They reached us by telephone. Our newsletter reaches a very specialized readership.
ͨ绰ҵǡǵרӵһȺĶ
To succeed in having an effect on:
Ӱ죬ңɹضԡӰ죺
No one seems able to reach her anymore.
ûܹٶκӰ
To extend as far as:
죺޶ȵչ
The property reaches the shore.
زһֱ쵽
To project as far as:
޶ȵطȥ
A distant cry reached our ears.
Զһ
To travel as far as:
ƶ޶ȵн
a long fly ball that reached the wall of the stadium.
ǽߵĳԶ
To aggregate or amount to:
ϼƣۼƣܼΪΪ
Sales reached the thousands.
Ʒǧ
Informal To grasp and hand over to another:
ʽ ݣץסȻ󴫵ݸһˣ
Reach me the sugar.
ǵݸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To thrust out or extend something.
չĳ
To try to grasp or touch something:
ȥץץ򴥵ĳ
reached for a book.
ʹһ
To have extension in space or time:
죺ʱռȣ
a coat that reaches to the knee; shrubbery reaching up to the eaves; a career that reached over several decades.
ϥǵĴ£ߴܵĹľһ˼ʮҵ
To be extensive in influence or effect.
ӰԶûӰ㷺
To make an excessive effort, as in drawing a conclusion or making a joke; overreach.
֮½ۣΪó𰸻һЦȶŬܼ֮
Nautical To sail with the wind abeam.
 纽ʻŴʱд
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of stretching or thrusting out.
չչΪ
The extent or distance something can reach.
Χĳ쵽ķΧ
Range of understanding; comprehension:
ܹļޣ
a subject beyond my reach.
Ŀ
Range or scope of influence or effect.
ӰӰЧķΧ
An expanse:

a reach of prairie; the lower reaches of the food chain.
ԭʳĵ͵Ⱥ
A pole connecting the rear axle of a vehicle with the front.
Ӹˣӳǰĸ
Nautical The tack of a sailing vessel with the wind abeam.
 ʻʱдĺ
The stretch of water visible between bends in a river or channel.
壬ᵣϿһƬչˮ
?
Middle English rechen 
йӢ rechen 
from Old English r?n * see  reig- 
Դ Ӣ r?n *μ reig- 
?
reachable
adj.ݴʣ
reacher
n.ʣ
?
reach,achieve,attain,gain,compass
All of these verbs mean to succeed in arriving at a goal or an objective.
Щʵ˼ǳɹشﵽĿĻĿꡣ
 Reach,  the least specific,like the other terms connotes the expenditure of effort: 
 Reach  ģһҲŬ˼ 
reached shelter before the storm broke;
ڷ籩ǰϵ괦
reach an understanding;
ŬŪ
reach perfection.
Ŭﵽ
Achieve  suggests in addition the application of skill or initiative: 
Achieve  ʹüɺͽȡĵ˼ 
achieved international recognition.
ùϵĳϡ
Attain  often implies the impelling force of ambition, principle, or ideals: 
Attain  ǿġԭ 
trying to attain self-confidence.
Ŭš
Gain  connotes considerable effort in surmounting obstacles: 
Gain  ָͨ޴Ŭ˷ѣ 
gained the confidence of the workers.
ڻ˹ǵΡ
Compass   implies circumvention of impediments to success: 
Compass  ʾƹ谭Իȡɹ 
couldn't compass the assigned task. See also Synonyms at  range 
޷ָ μͬ range

= =
react
re.act
AHD:[r?-2kt] 
D.J.[ri86#kt]
K.K.[ri6#kt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.act.ed,re.act.ing,re.acts 
To act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus or prompting:
ӦӦĳִ̼ʾӰ»Ӱȡж
reacted strongly to the sarcastic tone of the memorandum.
ڱ¼ʹõķԿǶǿҷӦ
To act in opposition to a former condition or act:
룬УǰΪ෴ķʽж
composers who reacted against romanticism.

To act reciprocally or in return.
ãԵػԭ
Chemistry To undergo a reaction:
ѧ ѧãѧӦ
Methane reacts with hydroxyl to produce formaldehyde.
ǻӦɼȩ

= =
reaction
re.ac.tion
AHD:[r?-2kshn] 
D.J.[ri86#k.*n]
K.K.[ri6#k.*n]
n.ʣ
A response to a stimulus.
ӦԴ̼ĻӦ
The state resulting from such a response.
Ӧ״̬ڷӦ״̬
A reverse or opposing action.
෴ģж
A tendency to revert to a former state.
ϣصȥ״̬
Opposition to progress or liberalism; extreme conservatism.
أķԣ˱
Chemistry A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances.
ѧ Ӧһʷֽ⣬ͬʽϻʽԪصı仯ת
Physics A nuclear reaction.
ѧ ˷Ӧ
Physics An equal and opposite force exerted by a body against a force acting upon it.
ѧ ڼϵĴСͬ෴
The response of cells or tissues to an antigen, as in a test for immunization.
Ӧϸ֯ԿԭķӦϵͳ
Psychology A pattern of behavior constituting a mental disorder or personality type.
ѧ ϰΪһ̶ֹжģʽʧ˸

= =
read
read
AHD:[r?d] 
D.J.[ri8d]
K.K.[rid]
v.ʣ
read[rd] read.ing,reads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed characters, words, or sentences).
Ķ鲢գӡˢ֡ӵģ˼
To utter or render aloud (written or printed material):
ʶ򷢳ӡˢϣ
She read her poems to the students.
ѧʶдʫ
To have the ability to examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed material in a given language or notation):
ã˽⣺м鲢գضԻǵӡˢϵģ
reads Chinese; reads music.

To examine and grasp the meaning of (language in a form other than written or printed characters, words, or sentences):
ãĶ˽⣺鲢գӡˢ䡢ֻʽԣ˼
reading Braille; reading sign language.
äҶַö
To examine and grasp the meaning of (a graphic representation):
о鲢գͼ˵ģ˼
reading a map.
鿴ͼ
To discern and interpret the nature or significance of through close examination or sensitive observation:
ϸ۲죺ͨϸµļеĹ۲췢ֺͽĳʻ򾫲ʴ
The tracker read the trail for signs of game.
˷ټ
To discern or anticipate through examination or observation; descry:
죬ͨ۲ʶԤϣ֣
I can read abandonment in a broken door or shattered window(William H. Gass)
ܹͨƻźʹֻķϵż(H.˹)
To determine the intent or mood of:
͸ȷͼ
I can read your mind like a book. He's a hard person to read.
ҿһؿǸ
To attribute a certain interpretation or meaning to:
ڹͣ⣺ĳֽͻ˼ڡ
She read a different meaning into what he had said.
ж˲ͬĺ
To consider (something written or printed) as having a particular meaning or significance:
Ϊ壺Ϊӡˢϣĳĺ壺
I read the novel as a parable.
ΪⱾС˵ʵǸԢԹ
To foretell or predict (the future).
Ԥ⣬ԤԣԤԤ֪δ
To receive or comprehend (a radio message, for example):
˽⣬գ⣨ߵѶϢ
I read you loud and clear.

To study or make a study of:
ооо
She read history as an undergraduate.
ڴѧʷ
To learn or get knowledge of from something written or printed:
֪ãӡˢѧϰ֪ʶ
He read that interest rates would continue to rise.
֪ʻ
To proofread.
У
To have or use as a preferred reading in a particular passage:
ãĳһضƪолΪȶʹã
Forchange  read charge . 
charge  change  
To indicate, register, or show:
˵ָʾʾ
The dial reads 32=.
̶ʾ32
Computer Science To obtain information from a storage medium, such as a magnetic disk.
ѧ ȡ̵ȵĴȡϢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To examine and grasp the meaning of printed or written characters, as of words or music.
Ķ⣺鲢ոӡˢֵ˼ѧƷ
To speak aloud the words that one is reading:
ʶԼĶִ
He reads to his children every night.
ÿϸĺʶ
To learn by reading:
֪ͨĶ֪
We read about the storm in the paper today.
ӽıֽǵ֪з籩
To study.
о
To have a particular wording:
ضĴǣ
Recite the poem exactly as it reads.
һֲ©رʫ
To contain a specific meaning:
к壺һض˼
As the law reads, the defendant is guilty.
ݷ
To indicate, register, or show a measurement or figure:
ʾָʾ˵ָʾʾһ̶Ȼ֣
How does your new watch read?
ֱʾ׼ȷ?
To have a specified character or quality for the reader:
߶еصƷʣ
His poems read well.
ʫ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
Something that is read:
ĶĶ
The book is a page-turner as well as a very satisfying read(Frank Conroy)
һʤ飬ʹĿ(ˡ)
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[rd] 
Informed by reading; learned:
֪ģĶ֪ģĶʶģѧʵģ
He was only sparsely read in fields outside his profession.
Լרҵֻ֪һЩƤë
?
read out
To read aloud:
ж
Please read out the names on the list.
ϵ
read up
To study or learn by reading:
жͨĶоѧϰ
Read up on the places you plan to visit before you travel.
֮ǰ׼ǰĵطһо
?
read a lecture 
read a lesson
To issue a reprimand:
𱸣
Mother read us a lecture after the principal telephoned her.
У绰һ
read between the lines
To perceive or detect an obscure or unexpressed meaning:
ϸĶоҳػɬ˼
learned to read between the lines of corporate annual reports to discern areas of fiscal weakness.
ѧϸж˾ȱ棬зֲѵļ
read out of
To expel by proclamation from a social, political, or other group:
𣬿ʽĸᡢλ
He was read out of the secretariat after the embarrassing incident.
Ǵε¼鴦
?
Middle English reden 
йӢ reden 
from Old English r?n [to advise] * see  ar- 
Դ Ӣ r?n [] *μ ar- 
?
Read
Read
AHD:[r?d] George (1733-1798) 
D.J.[ri8d]
K.K.[rid]
NONE޴ԣ
American Revolutionary leader, politician, and jurist. Delaware's delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787), he championed the rights of small states and later served as a U.S. 
senator (1789-1793).
£Σ(1733-1798) μңʦ1787Ϊμܻ飬־ΪǿСȡȨϣ1789-1793ΪԱ
?
Read
Read
AHD:[r?d] Sir Herbert (1893-1968) 
D.J.[ri8d]
K.K.[rid]
NONE޴ԣ
British writer known for his imagistic poetry and works of literary and art criticism.
¾ʿղأ(1893-1968) ӢңʫԼѧ۶

= =
reader
read.er
AHD:[r?dr] 
D.J.[6ri8d*]
K.K.[6rid+]
n.ʣ
One that reads.
ߣĶ
One who publicly recites literary works.
ߣڴǰѧƷ
A person employed by a publisher to read and evaluate manuscripts.
ˣĳ߹Ķ
One who corrects printers' proofs; a proofreader.
УˣУӡˢŵˣУԱ
A teaching assistant who reads and grades examination papers.
̣ĶԾ
Chiefly British A university teacher, especially one ranking next below a professor.
Ӣ ߼ʦѧĽʦָڽְƵһʦ
A textbook of reading exercises.
ĶϰΪĶϰĽ̿
An anthology, especially a literary anthology.
ѡѡָѧѡ
A layperson or minor cleric who recites lessons or prayers in church services.
ʦڽʽбоĻְԱְλϵ͵ʦ

= =
readily
read.i.ly
AHD:[rd-l?, rdl-?] 
D.J.[6red*li8, 6redli8]
K.K.[6rWd*li, 6rWdli]
adv.ʣ
In a prompt, timely manner; promptly.
ݵأһֿټʱķʽأѸٵ
In a cooperative manner; willingly.
أһֺķʽأԸأԸ
In a manner indicating or connoting ease; easily.
ѵأһֱֳмķʽأ׵

= =
reading
read.ing
AHD:[r?d1ng] 
D.J.[6ri8d!0]
K.K.[6rid!0]
n.ʣ
The act or activity of one that reads.
ĶĶߵΪ
The act or practice of rendering aloud written or printed matter:
ʶжϻӡˢΪʵ
skilled at forensic reading.
ڱ
An official or public recitation of written material:
ʽϵʽж򹫿ж
the reading of a will; a reading by the poet of her own works.
ʫԼƷ
The specific form of a particular passage in a text:
ͬʽضǣضľʽ
an unusual reading of the old manuscript.
ݳ¾ָķͬѰʽ
The distinctive interpretation of a work of performing art given by the person or persons performing it.
ڹͣĳ˻߶ԱƷĶĲ
A personal interpretation or appraisal:
ۣͣ˵Ĳͻۣ
He gave us his reading of the situation.
ǽ˶ԾƵĿ
Written or printed material.
дϣӡˢ
The information indicated by a gauge or graduated instrument.
ָʾɲп̶ȵϢ
?
Reading
Read.ing
AHD:[rd1ng] 
D.J.[6red!0]
K.K.[6rWd!0]
NONE޴ԣ
A borough of south-central England west of London. Occupied by the Danes in 871, it was chartered in 1253. Population, 136,200.
ﶡӢϲһУλ׶档871걻ռ죬1253׼С˿136,200
A town of northeast Massachusetts, a primarily residential suburb of Boston. Population, 22,539.
ﶡλݶһԭΪʿһסլĽ˿22,539
A city of southeast Pennsylvania on the Schuykill River northwest of Philadelphia. Settled in 1748, it is an important commercial, industrial, and transportation center. Population, 
78,380.
ﶡУϦݶеһУλڷѳ˹ϡ1748˶ڴˣһҪҵҵͽͨġ˿78,380
?
Reading
Read.ing
AHD:[rd1ng] һȺ   ³˹˹ĳƺ(1860-1935) 
D.J.[6red!0]
K.K.[6rWd!0]
NONE޴ԣ
British politician, diplomat, and colonial administrator who served as the lord chief justice of England (1913-1921) and viceroy of India (1921-1926).
׶Ӣμҡ⽻ҺֳܶӢ߷Ժ󷨹(1913-1921꣩ӡܶ(1921-1926꣩

= =
ready
read.y
AHD:[rd?] 
D.J.[6redi8]
K.K.[6rWdi]
adj.ݴʣ
read.i.er,read.i.est 
Prepared or available for service, action, or progress:
׼ģ׼ûʽжչģ
I am ready to work. The soup will be ready in a minute. The pupils are ready to learn to read.
׼ȥ.һͺ.Сѧ׼ѧϰĶ
Mentally disposed; willing:
Ըģģ
He was ready to believe her.
Ը
Likely or about to do something:
ܻҪĳ£
She is ready to resign.
Ҫְ
Prompt in apprehending or reacting:
ӦѸٵģ
a ready intelligence; a ready response.
˼άٵķӦ
Available:
ֳɿʹõģ
ready money.
ֿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
read.ied,read.y.ing,read.ies 
To cause to be ready.
ʹ׼
?
at the ready
Available for immediate use:
ʹõģͶʹõģ
soldiers with machine guns at the ready; students with notebooks at the ready.
䱸лǹʿǣ׼ñʼǱѧ
make ready
To make preparations.
׼
?
Middle English redy 
йӢ redy 
from Old English r?e * see  reidh- 
Դ Ӣ r?e *μ reidh- 
?
readiness
n.ʣ

= =
real
real 1
AHD:[r?l, r?l] 
D.J.[6ri8*l, ri8l]
K.K.[6ri*l, ril]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verifiable existence:
ʵģʵʻʵ״̬ڻģ֤ʵڵģ
real objects; a real illness.
ļ
True and actual; not imaginary, alleged, or ideal:
ʵʴڵģļʵʵģƲĻ뻯ģ
real people, not ghosts; a real problem; a film based on real life.
ʵˣǹꣻһʵ⣻һʵΪӰƬ
Of or founded on practical matters and concerns:
ʵģڻʵʺϵ֮ϵģ
a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.
һձҵ״ʵıҵ
Genuine and authentic; not artificial or spurious:
Ȼģģʵģʵģ˹ģ
real mink; real humility.
ȻƤĲ
Being no less than what is stated; worthy of the name:
ʵĲģʵģ
a real friend.
һ
Free of pretense, falsehood, or affectation:
ģûмװƭԻģ
tourists wishing for a real experience while on the guided tour.
ڵܵõ
Not to be taken lightly; serious:
ģصģܵĵģشģ
We're in real trouble.
ص
Philosophy Existing objectively in the world regardless of subjectivity or conventions of thought or language.
ѧ ʵڵģڵģۻ˼άϰΪתƶ͹۴ϵ
Relating to, being, or having value reckoned by actual purchasing power:
ʵʵģڡΪаʵʹļֵģ
real income; real growth.
ʵ룻ʵ
Physics Of, relating to, or being an image formed by light rays that converge in space.
ѧ ʵģڻռ۹γɵӰйص
Mathematics Of, relating to, or being a real number.
ѧ ʵģʵġʵĻʵйص
Law Of or relating to stationary or fixed property, such as buildings or land.
ɡ ģڻ緿ݻĹ̶ƲȨйص
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Very:
ǳأ
I'm real sorry about that.
ԴҺܱǸ
n.ʣ
A thing or whole having actual existence. Often used withthe : 
ʵʵʴڵ塣the ã 
theories beyond the realm of the real.
Thoeris beyond the realm of real
Mathematics A real number.
ѧ ʵ
?
for realٵ
Truly so in fact or actuality:
أȷʵأʵʵȷʵ˵أ
Is this place for real? A wolf in a . . . leisure suit and a cow in a print dress wait patiently on the couch in the lobby(Teresa Carson)
ĵطȷʵ?һֻűװǺһͷӡţĵڿɳϵȴš(ɭ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin re3s 
Դ  re3s 
from Latin r?s [thing] * see  r?- 
Դ  r?s [] *μ r?- 
?
realness
n.ʣ
?
real,actual,true,existent
These adjectives are compared as they mean not imaginary but having verifiable existence.
ЩݴΪĶ֤ʵڵʱǽбȽϡ
 Real  implies that something is genuine or authentic or that what it seems or purports to be tallies with fact: 
 Real  ָĳʵĻʵģָȥʵǺϵĶ 
Don't lose the bracelet;it's made of real gold.
ˣġ
My mother showed real sympathy for my predicament.
ѱʾͬ顣
The general, in a well-feigned or real ecstasy, embraced him (William Hickling Prescott).
λҪôװ޷죬Ҫôȷʵϲӵ ķϣ֡˹أ
 Actual  means existing and not merely potential or possible: 
 Actual  ΪǱԻԣǵȷڵģ 
rocks, trees . . . the actual world  (Henry David Thoreau); 
ʯľʵ 硱  άޣ 
what the actual things were which produced the emotion that you experienced (Ernest Hemingway).
Щܲĸʵʲô ŷ˹ء 
 True  implies that something is consistent with fact, reality, or the actual state of things: 
 True  ָʵʵʵ״̬һ£ 
It is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true (Bertrand Russell).
һûκ˵ʵĻ˺ĸԸ ¡أ
 Existent  applies to what has life or being: 
 Existent  ָЩڵĶ 
Much of the beluga caviar existent in the world is found in the Soviet Union and Iran. See also Synonyms at  authentic 
ϴ󲿷ֵĴӽ μͬ authentic
?
real
real 2
AHD:[r3-?l] 
D.J.[re!6$8l]
K.K.[re6$l]
n.ʣ
 re.als  re.al.es [-?ls]  
A silver coin formerly used in Spain and Latin America.
װ޾ʱʹùһ
?
Spanish [royal, real] 
 [ʼҵģ] 
from Latin r?3lis} [royal] 
Դ  r?3lis} [ʼҵ] 
from r?x  r?g- [king] * see  reg- 
Դ r?x  r?g- [] *μ reg- 
?
real
real 3
AHD:[r3-?l] 
D.J.[re!6$8l]
K.K.[re6$l]
n.ʣ
 reals  reis [r3s]  
Either of two monetary units formerly used in Portugal and Brazil.
װͰʱõֻҵλеκһ
?
Portuguese [royal, real] 
 [ʼҵģ] 
from Latin r?3lis} [royal] * see  real 2
Դ  r?3lis} [ʼҵ] *μ real2

= =
realistic
re.al.is.tic
AHD:[r?-l1st1k] 
D.J.[7ri8*6l!st!k]
K.K.[7ri*6l!st!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Tending to or expressing an awareness of things as they really are:
ʵģڻֳʵʶ
She gave us a realistic appraisal of our chances.
ǵĻһʵ
Of or relating to the representation of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are:
ʵģдʵģڻ뽫Ϊ״ʵ֮йصģ
a realistic novel about ghetto life.See Synonyms at graphic 
һдƶߵʵС˵μ graphic
?
realistically
adv.ʣ

= =
reality
re.al.i.ty
AHD:[r?-2l1-t?] 
D.J.[ri86#l!ti8]
K.K.[ri6#l!ti]
n.ʣ
 re.al.i.ties 
The quality or state of being actual or true.
ʵԣʵʻʵ״̬
One, such as a person, an entity, or an event, that is actual:
ʵ壺ˡʵ¼ʵĶ
the weight of history and political realities(Benno C. Schmidt, Jr.)
ʷʵķ(СŵC.ʩ)
The totality of all things possessing actuality, existence, or essence.
ʵдڵġʵԻʵܺ
That which exists objectively and in fact:
ʵʣ͹۴ڵĶʵڵ
Your observations do not seem to be about reality.
ȥʵ
Philosophy That which has necessary existence and not contingent existence.
ѧ ʵڣԴڶżȻڵ
?
in reality
In fact; actually.
ʵϣʵ

= =
realize
re.al.ize
AHD:[r?-loz] 
D.J.[6ri8*7la!z]
K.K.[6ri*7la!z]
v.ʣ
re.al.ized,re.al.iz.ing,re.al.iz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To comprehend completely or correctly.
ᣬ֪ȫػȷ
To make real; fulfill:
ʵ֣ʹ֮ʵģɣ
He finally realized his lifelong ambition to learn how to play the violin.
ʵ롪ѧС
To make realistic.
ʹʵ
To obtain or achieve, as gain or profit:
ãȥȡﵽĿĻ棺
She realized a substantial return on the investment.
ǴͶлʵڵĻر
To bring in (a sum) as profit by sale.
׬ãͨ۶ΪģһǮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exchange holdings or goods for money.
ﻻֽ
?
French raliser 
 raliser 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from real [real] * see  real 1
Դ real [ʵ] *μ real1
?
realizable
adj.ݴʣ
realizer
n.ʣ

= =
really
re.al.ly
AHD:[r?-l?, r?l?] 
D.J.[6ri8*7li8, 6ri8li8]
K.K.[6ri*7li, 6rili]
adv.ʣ
In actual truth or fact:
ʵϣȷʵػʵϣ
The horseshoe crab isn't really a crab at all.
ʵͲз
Truly; genuinely:
أʮأ
That was a really enjoyable evening.
ǵȷһֵҹ
Indeed:
ʵأ
Really, you shouldn't have done it.
˵ģ㲻µ

= =
realm
realm
AHD:[rlm] 
D.J.[relm]
K.K.[rWlm]
n.ʣ
A kingdom.

A field, sphere, or province:
磺ĳ򡢽Χ
the realm of science.See Synonyms at field 
ѧμ field
?
Middle English realme 
йӢ realme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
alteration  influenced by Old French reial [royal] 
   ŷ reialӰ [ʼҵ] 
of Latin regimen [government] 
  regimenı仯 [] 
from regere [to rule] * see  reg- 
Դ regere [] *μ reg- 

= =
reap
reap
AHD:[r?p] 
D.J.[ri8p]
K.K.[rip]
v.ʣ
reaped,reap.ing,reaps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut (grain or pulse) for harvest with a scythe, sickle, or reaper.
ոոиֲԽջ
To harvest (a crop).
ջׯ
To harvest a crop from:
ӡջׯڣ
reaping a field.
ոׯ
To obtain as a result of effort:
ãΪŬĳɹȡ
She reaped large profits from her unique invention.
صķл˴
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cut or harvest grain or pulse.
ոջոջֲ
To obtain a return or reward.
õܵӦõ
?
Middle English repen 
йӢ repen 
from Old English ron 
Դ Ӣ ron 
?
reap,garner,gather,glean,harvest
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to collect: 
Щʹе˼ǡռ 
reap grain;
ո
garner compliments;
õޣ
gathering mushrooms;
ɼĢ
glean information;
ռϢ
harvested rich rewards. 
ջḻı 

= =
rear
rear 1
AHD:[r?r] 
D.J.[r!*]
K.K.[r!r]
n.ʣ
A hind part.
棬ߣߵĲ
The point or area farthest from the front:
󲿣Զǰĵ
the rear of the hall.
ĺ
The part of a military deployment usually farthest from the fighting front.
󷽣жгָԶǰߵĵط
Informal The buttocks.
ʽ β
adj.ݴʣ
Of, at, or located in the rear.
ģģڣڻλں
?
Middle English rere [rear of an army] 
йӢ rere [ӵĺ] 
short for rerewarde [rear guard] * see  rearward 2
 rerewardeļд [Ĳ] *μ rearward2
?
rear
rear 2
AHD:[r?r] 
D.J.[r!*]
K.K.[r!r]
v.ʣ
reared,rear.ing,rears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; bring up.
չ׵ģǻӣ
To lift upright; raise.
ֱ̧
To build; erect.See Synonyms at lift 
μ lift
To tend (growing plants or animals).
ֲչˣֲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise on the hind legs, as a horse.
ֱúȣ
To rise high in the air; tower.
ʣ߸ߵزУ
?
Middle English reren [to raise] 
йӢ reren [] 
from Old English r?n 
Դ Ӣ r?n 
?
rearer
n.ʣ

= =
reason
rea.son
AHD:[r?zn] 
D.J.[6ri8z*n]
K.K.[6riz*n]
n.ʣ
The basis or motive for an action, a decision, or a conviction.See Usage Note at because See Usage Note at why 
ԭĳжоĻ򶯻μ becauseμ why
A declaration made to explain or justify an action, a decision, or a conviction:
ɣͻ֤ĳжо˵
inquired about her reason for leaving.
ѯ뿪
An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or an occurrence:
ɣһǰ¼ṩ߼жĻʵԭ
There is reason to believe that the accused did not commit this crime.
гֵűûз
The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.
ǣԣ߼˼άжϵ
Good judgment; sound sense.
жõжɿ
A normal mental state; sanity:
̬ľ״̬־
He has lost his reason.
־
Logic A premise, usually the minor premise, of an argument.
߼ѧ ǰ᣺ĳ֤ǰᣬָСǰ
v.ʣ
rea.soned,rea.son.ing,rea.sons 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use the faculty of reason; think logically.
ۣжϵ߼˼
To talk or argue logically and persuasively.
ۣ߼Һ˵̸ۻ
Obsolete To engage in conversation or discussion.
 ̸ĳ̸
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine or conclude by logical thinking:
ƶϣ߼˼άۣ
reasoned out a solution to the problem.
ƶϳİ취
To persuade or dissuade (someone) with reasons.
˵Ȱ˵ĳˣĳ
?
by reason of
Because of.
Ϊ
in reason
With good sense or justification; reasonably.
Ϻأ֤ģ
within reason
Within the bounds of good sense or practicality.
أõʵΧ֮ڵ
with reason
With good cause; justifiably.
أгɵأ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French raison 
Դ ŷ raison 
from Latin rati?}  rati?n- 
Դ  rati?}  rati?n- 
from ratus [past participle of] r?ro [to consider, think] * see  ar- 
Դ ratus  [] r?roĹȥִ [ǣ˼] *μ ar- 
?
reasoner
n.ʣ
?
reason,intuition,understanding,judgment
These nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of which human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth.
Щʶָͨ׷ȡ֪ʶķʽõ
 Reason  is the power to think rationally and logically and to draw inferences: 
 Reason  ָͨ߼˼ 
the rationalist whose reason is not sufficient to teach him those limitations of the powers of conscious reason (Friedrich August von Hayek). 
ߵǲԸʶһЩȱݵġ ׵ϣ¹˹ء롤ˣ 
Mere reason is insufficient to convince us of its [the Christian religion's] veracity  (David Hume).
Իʹŷ ʵԡ  Į
 Intuition  is perception or comprehension, as of truths or facts,without the use of the rational process: 
 Intuition  ǶʵĶǣԵḶ́ 
Because of their age-long training in human relationsfor that is what feminine intuition really iswomen have a special contribution to make to any group enterprise (Margaret 
Mead).
Ϊ˼ʹϵжĥ-Ůֱ-ŮǶκһȺҵԼĹס ء׵£
 Understanding  is the faculty by which one understands,often together with the comprehension resulting from its exercise: 
 Understanding  ĳ֪длõ֮⣺ 
So long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the 
understanding (Walter Bagehot). 
ֻҪ˵ǿȨͻǿΪҪɢУΪҪ⡱ ߶ءʫ 
The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding (Louis D. Brandeis).
ΣǱ顢⵫ûǵʴС ·˹D˹
 Judgment  is the ability to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions: 
 Judgment  Ƕƻ򻷾ĹƲȷ۵ 
my salad days,/When I was green in judgment (Shakespeare). 
ഺٵʱ/ʱҵжۡ ɯʿǣ 
At twenty years of age, the will reigns;at thirty, the wit;and at forty, the judgment (Benjamin Franklin).See also Synonyms at  cause ,mind ,think 
 ʮʱ־ʮʱǻۣʮʱж ֣μͬ cause,mind,think

= =
reasonable
rea.son.a.ble
AHD:[r?z-n-bl] 
D.J.[6ri8z*n*b*l]
K.K.[6riz*n*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of reasoning; rational:
ͨģжϵģǵģ
a reasonable person.
һͨ
Governed by or being in accordance with reason or sound thinking:
ģʵģǻȷ˼άָģǻȷ˼άһµģ
a reasonable solution to the problem.
һʵĽ취
Being within the bounds of common sense:
ȥģڳΧ֮еģ
arrive home at a reasonable hour.
һ˵ùȥʱ̻ص˼
Not excessive or extreme; fair:
ģģֻ򼫶˵ģģ
reasonable prices.
ļ۸
?
reasonability  
reasonableness
n.ʣ
reasonably
adv.ʣ

= =
rebel
re.bel
AHD:[r1-bl] 
D.J.[r!6bel]
K.K.[r!6bWl]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.belled,re.bel.ling,re.bels 
To refuse allegiance to and oppose by force an established government or ruling authority.
췴ԡܾеͳȨ
To resist or defy an authority or a generally accepted convention.
ܾӻ򷴶ȨձܵĴͳ۵
To feel or express strong unwillingness or repugnance:
УеֳǿҵĲԸӶУ
She rebelled at the unwelcome suggestion.
ⲻܻӭĽе
n.ʣ 
rebel
AHD:[rbl] 
One who rebels or is in rebellion:
ѷӣ췴μӷѵˣ
He is the perfect recruit for fascist movements: a rebel not a revolutionary, contemptuous yet envious of the rich and involved with them(Stanley Hoffman)
Ƿ˹˶ɶõ³ԱһȴһߣӶĽ˲ͬǽһ(˹̹)
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ѣһʣ
rebel troops; a rebel army.
Ѿһ֧Ѳ
?
Middle English rebellen 
йӢ rebellen 
from Old French rebeller 
Դ ŷ rebeller 
from Latin rebell3e 
Դ  rebell3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾ١] 
bell3e [to make war]  from bellum [war] 
bell3e []  Դ bellum [ս] 
N., Middle English [rebellious, rebel] 
ʣ йӢ [ѵģ] 
from Old French rebelle 
Դ ŷ rebelle 
from Latin rebellis 
Դ  rebellis 
from rebell3e [to rebel] 
Դ rebell3e [] 

= =
rebellion
re.bel.lion
AHD:[r1-blyn] 
D.J.[r!6belj*n]
K.K.[r!6bWlj*n]
n.ʣ
Open, armed, and organized resistance to a constituted government.
췴ĳװ֯ķ
An act or a show of defiance toward an authority or established convention.
ԿȨѱܵĴͳϰӵΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin rebelli?}  rebelli?n- 
Դ  rebelli?}  rebelli?n- 
from rebell3e [to rebel] * see  rebel 
Դ rebell3e [] *μ rebel
?
rebellion,revolution,revolt,mutiny,insurrection,uprising
These nouns denote acts of violence intended to change or overthrow an existing order or authority.
ЩָЩҪıƷִȨıΪ
 Rebellion  is open, armed, organized resistance to constituted political authority that often fails of its purpose: 
 Rebellion  ָʵĿĵֶȨĹ֯ 
A rebellion in the officer corps led to chaos in the armed forces. Arevolution  is the overthrow of one government and its replacement with another:  
ʿǵķѵװĻҡ Revolution ָƷһһ  
The 20th century has seen several major revolutions, which in turn have altered the balance of power among nations.
20ͷ˼δθı˹֮ƽ⡣
Revolt  is rejection of and rebellion against a prevailing state of affairs or a controlling authority: 
Revolt  Ƕĳͳ״̬ͳȨķԺͷѣ 
Fearing a taxpayers' revolt, the legislature passed a less confiscatory revenue bill.
ڵ˰˵ķԣͨһ˽ķ
Mutiny  is revolt against constituted authority, especially by sailors: 
Mutiny  ǶȨķԻ򷴿ָˮǵıң 
The sailors, who had received low pay and poor rations, were finally in a state of mutiny.
ֻõнˮմһֱҵ״̬
Insurrection   anduprising  apply to popular revolts that are sometimes limited or are viewed as being the first indications of a more extensive rebellion: 
Insurrection  uprising ָձķ ʱַڻ򱻿Ǹ㷺췴ǰף 
The freedom fighters withdrew into the mountains, from which they mounted an insurrection against the junta.
ɶʿǳ˵ɽУǿԷԾȨҡ
The 1956 uprising in Hungary was soon quelled by ruthless Soviet military action. 
1956ܿ챻пѹȥ 

= =
recall
re.call
AHD:[r1-k?l] 
D.J.[r!6k%8l]
K.K.[r!6k%l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.called,re.cal.ling,re.calls 
To ask or order to return:
лأл
recalled all workers who had been laid off.
лͣĹ
To summon back to awareness of or concern with the subject or situation at hand.
ٻأʹʶļͷϵ
To remember; recollect.See Synonyms at remember 
룻μ remember
To cancel, take back, or revoke.
ȡջأ
To bring back; restore.
ָȡأָ
To request return (of a product) to the manufacturer, as for necessary repairs or adjustments.
ջأعҪԵԭҪ󽫣ĳƷյ
n.ʣ
AHD:Ҳ [r?k?l] 
The act of recalling or summoning back, especially an official order to return.
ٻأлػٻ֮Ϊָٷٻص
A signal, such as a bugle call, used to summon troops back to their posts.
źţٻְλźţŽ
The ability to remember information or experiences.
룺Ϣ
The act of revoking.
ٻأصΪ
The procedure by which a public official may be removed from office by popular vote.
⣺һֳ򣬼ͨͶƱĳԱְλϳ
The right to employ this procedure.
ȨʹֳȨ
A request by the manufacturer of a product that has been identified as defective to return it, as for necessary repairs or adjustments.
ջͨ棺̶ԱȱݵĲƷĻͨ棬ԱбҪ
?
recallable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
receipt
re.ceipt
AHD:[r1-s?t] 
D.J.[r!6si8t]
K.K.[r!6sit]
n.Abbr. rcpt.,rec.,rect.ʣд rcpt.,rec.,rect.
The act of receiving:
յյΪ
We are in receipt of your letter.
յ
The fact of being or having been received:
ѽӵѽӵʵ
They denied receipt of the shipment.
Ƿѽյ
Often receipts A quantity or amount received:
  receipts 룺յ
cash receipts.
ֽ
A written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.
֤ݣ֤ʵĳǮҵѽӵ֤
A recipe.

v.ʣ
re.ceipt.ed,re.ceipt.ing,re.ceipts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark (a bill) as having been paid.
עڣĳʵע֧ı
To give or write a receipt for (money paid or goods or services delivered).
߿дվݣʾд֤ĳǮѸѷʹվ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a receipt.
վ
?
Middle English receite 
йӢ receite 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin recepta [medical prescription, money received] 
Դ  recepta [ҽƴǮ] 
from Latin [feminine past participle of] recipere [to receive] * see  receive 
Դ   [] recipereԹȥִ [] *μ receive

= =
receive
re.ceive
AHD:[r1-s?v] 
D.J.[r!6si8v]
K.K.[r!6siv]
v.ʣ
re.ceived,re.ceiv.ing,re.ceives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take or acquire (something given, offered, or transmitted); get.
ӵõã衢͵Ķȡ
To hear or see (information, for example):
򿴵Ϣ
receive bad news; received a good report of the group's activities.
ӵϢյйظñ
To have (a title, for example) bestowed on oneself.
ӵͷΣԼģͷΣ
To meet with; experience:
ܵõ롭
receive sympathetic treatment.
ܵͬĶԴ
To have inflicted or imposed on oneself:
ܣĥ򴦷ĳԼ
receive a penalty.
̵ܵĴ
To bear the weight or force of; support:
ܣܡ֧ţ
The beams receive the full weight of the walls and roof.
ӳǽݶȫ
To take or intercept the impact of (a blow, for example).
ֵסܻأһȭĳ
To take in, hold, or contain:
ɣ롢ӵл
a tank that receives rainwater.
ˮˮ
To admit:
ͬ⣬Ͽɣܣɣ
receive new members.
³Ա
To greet or welcome:
ӭʺӭ
receive guests.
ӭ
To perceive or acquire mentally:
ܣ֪Ͽ͸ã
receive a bad impression.
õһӡ
To regard with approval or disapproval:
õ϶۲ã̬ȥʶ
essays that were received well.
ܵɢ
To listen to and acknowledge formally and authoritatively:
ȡʽȨԵȡϣ
The judge received their oath of allegiance.
ȡǵҳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To acquire or get something; be a recipient.
ӵãõȡĳΪһ
To admit or welcome guests or visitors:
ӼӭӴӭ˻ߣ
The couple are not receiving this winter.
궬Է򸾲
To partake of the Eucharist.
ʥ
Electronics To convert incoming electromagnetic waves into visible or audible signals.
ѧ գյĵŲתΪɼź
Football To catch or take possession of a kicked ball.
 򣺽߳ץסס
?
Middle English receiven 
йӢ receiven 
from Old North French receivre 
Դ ŷ receivre 
from Latin recipere 
Դ  recipere 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣¡] 
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 

= =
receiver
re.ceiv.er
AHD:[r1-s?vr] 
D.J.[r!6si8v*]
K.K.[r!6siv+]
n.ʣ
One that receives something:
ߣյܵĳˣ
a receiver of many compliments.
ܵ
Electronics A device, such as a part of a radio, television set, or telephone, that receives incoming radio signals and converts them to perceptible forms, such as sound or light.
ѧ ӻ͵绰еһװãԽմźŲתɿɽӴʽ
An official appointed to receive and account for money due.
ΣָܺͼӦʽĹԱ
Law A person appointed by a court administrator to take into custody the property or funds of others, pending litigation.
ɡ ίйˣָղ㵽Ǯĸδ˵ĲƲʽ
A person who knowingly buys or receives stolen goods.
ˣ֪͵ĻҪ
A receptacle intended for a specific purpose.
ΪĳĿĶ
Football A member of the offensive team eligible to catch a forward pass.
 ֱ֣ץȡǰطԱ
Baseball The catcher.
 ֣ĶԱ

= =
recent
re.cent
AHD:[r?snt] 
D.J.[6ri8s*nt]
K.K.[6ris*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, belonging to, or occurring at a time immediately before the present.
ģڻʱ֮ǰܶһʱ
Modern; new.
Ħǵģµ
Recent Geology Of, belonging to, or denoting the Holocene Epoch.See table at geologic time 
 Recent ѧ ȫģڻʾȫĲμ geologic time
?
Middle English [new, fresh] 
йӢ [µģʵ] 
from Latin rec?s  recent- * see  ken- 
Դ  rec?s  recent- *μ ken- 
?
recency  
recentness
n.ʣ
recently
adv.ʣ

= =
reception
re.cep.tion
AHD:[r1-spshn] 
D.J.[r!6sep.*n]
K.K.[r!6sWp.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of receiving or of being received.
ܣܻ򱻽ܵΪ
A welcome, greeting, or acceptance:
ӴӭӭʺӴ
a friendly reception.
һѺõĽӴ
A social function, especially one intended to provide a welcome or greeting:
д᣺һָڻӭʺ罻
a wedding reception.
һλ
Mental approval or acceptance:
ܣ˼޳ɻɣ
the reception of a new theory.
ĳ۵Ľ
Electronics 
ѧ 
Conversion of transmitted radio waves or electric signals into perceptible forms, such as sound or light, by means of antennas and electronic equipment.
գߺ͵ͲŵĲźתΪɸоʽ
The condition or quality of the waves or signals so received.
Ľղźŵ
?
Middle English recepcion 
йӢ recepcion 
from Old French reception 
Դ ŷ reception 
from Latin recepti?}  recepti?n- 
Դ  recepti?}  recepti?n- 
from receptus [past participle of] recipere [to receive] * see  receive 
Դ receptus  [] recipereĹȥִ [] *μ receive

= =
recession
re.ces.sion
AHD:[r1-sshn] 
D.J.[r!6se.*n]
K.K.[r!6sW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of withdrawing or going back.
ˣػ˻صΪ
An extended decline in general business activity, typically three consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.
˥ˣûձ˥ܣָȵܲƷֵ½
The withdrawal in a line or file of participants in a ceremony, especially clerics and choir members after a church service.
˳ĳʽһֲμһлһȺ˳ָݺʦͳʫԱ˳
?
Latin recessi?}  recessi?n- 
 recessi?}  recessi?n- 
from recessus [past participle of] rec?dere [to recede] * see  recede 
Դ recessus  [] rec?dereĹȥִ [˺] *μ recede

= =
recipe
rec.i.pe
AHD:[rs-p?] 
D.J.[6res*7pi8]
K.K.[6rWs*7pi]
n.ʣ
A set of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing something, especially food.
ԭϱй׼ĳָʳƷһϵָ
A formula for or means to a desired end:
ϣﵽ֮Ŀĵķʽ򷽷
a recipe for success.
ɹľ
A medical prescription.
ҽƴ
?
Latin [imperative of] recipere [to take, receive] * see  receive 
  [] recipereʹ [ãյ] *μ receive

= =
recipient
re.cip.i.ent
AHD:[r1-s1p?-nt] 
D.J.[r!6s!pi8*nt]
K.K.[r!6s!pi*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Functioning as a receiver; receptive.
ܵģõģԸܵ
n.ʣ
One that receives or is receptive.
ߣܻ׽ܵ˻
One who receives blood, tissue, or an organ from a donor.
ߣĳߴѪҺ֯ٵ
?
Latin recipi?s  recipient- [present participle of] recipere [to receive] * see  receive 
 recipi?s  recipient-  [] recipereڷִ [] *μ receive

= =
reciprocal
re.cip.ro.cal
AHD:[r1-s1pr-kl] 
D.J.[r!6s!pr*k*l]
K.K.[r!6s!pr*k*l]
adj.Abbr. recip.ݴʣд recip.
Concerning each of two or more persons or things.
ģ໥ģ˻еÿһ
Interchanged, given, or owed to each other:
ģģ໥֮以ӵеģ
reciprocal agreements to abolish customs duties; a reciprocal invitation to lunch.
ȡ˰ݵЭ
Performed, experienced, or felt by both sides:
໥ģ˫֡оģ
reciprocal respect.
໥
Interchangeable; complementary:
ģɻģ໥Իģ͵ģ
reciprocal electric outlets.
ɻĵ
Grammar Expressing mutual action or relationship. Used of some verbs and compound pronouns.
﷨ ໥ʵģ໥֮Ϊϵġ޴һЩʺ͸
Mathematics Of or relating to the reciprocal of a quantity.
ѧ ෴ģģڻĳһĵ
Physiology Of or relating to a neuromuscular phenomenon in which the excitation of one group of muscles is accompanied by the inhibition of another.
ѧ 񾭵ģڻһ񾭼ģһ鼡˷ܰһ鼡
Genetics Of or designating a pair of crosses in which the male parent in one cross is of the same genotype or phenotype as the female parent in the other cross.
Ŵѧ λģڻһԻѪֵģһѪֵĸһѪֵĸ׾ͬĻͻ
n.Abbr. recip.ʣд recip.
Something that is reciprocal to something else.
໥ݣԵȡ
Mathematics A number related to another in such a way that when multiplied together their product is 1. For example, the reciprocal of 7 is !/7; the reciprocal of "/3 is #/2.
ѧ һһ˻Ϊ1磬7ĵ!/7"/3ĵ#/2
?
From Latin reciprocus [alternating] * see  per 1
Դ  reciprocus [] *μ per 1
?
reciprocality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?]   re.cipro.cal.ness [-kl-n1s] ʣ
reciprocally
adv.ʣ

= =
recite
re.cite
AHD:[r1-sot] 
D.J.[r!6sa!t]
K.K.[r!6sa!t]
v.ʣ
re.cit.ed,re.cit.ing,re.cites 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To repeat or utter aloud (something rehearsed or memorized), especially before an audience.
Уظ˵ԤݵĶĶָһȺڻڵΪ
To relate in detail.See Synonyms at describe 
뵽ϸڵμ describe
To list or enumerate.
оٻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a recitation.
Уһα
To repeat lessons prepared or memorized.
飺ظ׼ûѼĿ
?
Middle English reciten 
йӢ reciten 
from Old French reciter 
Դ ŷ reciter 
from Latin recit3e [to read out] 
Դ  recit3e [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
cit3e [to quote] * see  cite 
cit3e [] *μ cite
?
reciter
n.ʣ

= =
reckless
reck.less
AHD:[rkl1s] 
D.J.[6rekl!s]
K.K.[6rWkl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Heedless or careless.
ĵģעĻĴ
Headstrong; rash.
³çģʵģçײ
Indifferent to or disregardful of consequences:
˺ģԺĻӵģ
a reckless driver.
ֱײ˾
?
Middle English reckeles 
йӢ reckeles 
from Old English r??as} * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ r??as} *μ reg- 
?
recklessly
adv.ʣ
recklessness
n.ʣ
?
reckless,rash,precipitate,foolhardy,temerarious
These adjectives are compared as they mean given to or marked by unthinking boldness.
Щݴʶ˼³ç˼ʱǽбȽϡ
 Reckless  suggests brazen indifference to or defiant disregard for consequences: 
 Reckless  ָԺ޳ܵĮĺӣ 
James . . . became the fiercest and most reckless of partisans (Macaulay).
ղķʿһ³çҲ˺ĵͽ 
 Rash   implies haste, impetuousness, and insufficient consideration: 
 Rash  ָæ嶯û㹻ǵģ 
Take calculated risks. That is quite different from being rash (George S. Patton).
ϸȥðա³çͬ ΡSͶ٣
 Precipitate   connotes headlong haste without due deliberation: 
 Precipitate  ʾûǵʴæ 
destroyed in a precipitate burning of his papers a few days before his death (James Boswell).
ǰļæջļ ղķʿ˹Τ
 Foolhardy   implies injudicious or imprudent boldness: 
 Foolhardy  ָǵĻ򲻽çײ 
One of the hostages was foolhardy enough to try to wrest the gun from the hijacker's hand.
һçײͼȥٻеǹ
Temerarious  suggests reckless presumption: 
Temerarious  ָ˺İ 
the temerarious use of Christian names (H.G. Wells).
 ʹý (HG˹

= =
reckon
reck.on
AHD:[rkn] 
D.J.[6rek*n]
K.K.[6rWk*n]
v.ʣ
reck.oned,reck.on.ing,reck.ons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To count or compute:
㣺㣺
reckon the cost.See Synonyms at calculate 
㻨Ѳμ calculate
To consider as being; regard as.See Synonyms at consider 
ΪѡΪμ consider
Informal To think or assume.
ʽ Ϊ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a calculation; figure.
㣺ĳ㣻
To rely with confident expectancy.See Synonyms at rely 
жϣŵĹƲμ rely
?
reckon with
To come to terms or settle accounts with.
򡭽㣺롭򡭡Ŀ
?
Middle English reknen 
йӢ reknen 
from Old English gerecenian [to recount, arrange] * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ gerecenian [] *μ reg- 

= =
reclaim
re.claim
AHD:[r1-kl3m] 
D.J.[r!6kle!m]
K.K.[r!6klem]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.claimed,re.claim.ing,re.claims 
To bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation:
أ򷵻صʹõʵ翪ѻס
reclaim marshlands; reclaim strip-mined land.
أ״
To procure (usable substances) from refuse or waste products.
ãӷƷлȡ֮ʣ
To bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform.See Synonyms at save 1
ʹʹлصȷʵĵ·켣μ save1
To tame (a falcon, for example).
ѱѱ磬һֻ
?
Middle English reclamen [to call back] 
йӢ reclamen [] 
from Old French reclamer [to entreat] 
Դ ŷ reclamer [] 
from Latin recl33re} 
Դ  recl33re} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
cl33re} [to cry out] * see  kel- 2
cl33re} [] *μ kel- 2
?
reclaimable
adj.ݴʣ
reclaimant  
reclaimer
n.ʣ

= =
recognition
rec.og.ni.tion
AHD:[rkg-n1shn] 
D.J.[7rek*g6n!.*n]
K.K.[7rWk*g6n!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of recognizing or condition of being recognized.
ʶʶΪʶ
An awareness that something perceived has been perceived before.
ϳʶ֮ԭ
An acceptance as true or valid, as of a claim:
ϣȷϣĳҪģ
a recognition of their civil rights.
Ȩȷ
Attention or favorable notice:
Ͽɣעעأ
She received recognition for her many achievements.
ɾ͵õϿ
Official acceptance of the national status of a new government by another nation.
ϣĳҶĳΪҴ֮λĹٷ
Biology The ability of one molecule to attach itself to another molecule having a complementary shape, as in enzyme-substrate and antibody-antigen interactions.
ѧ ͬͬһճһ֮ͬεķӵø뿹忹ԭķӦгֵ
?
Middle English recognicion [knowledge of an event] 
йӢ recognicion [ĳ¼֪] 
from Old French recognition 
Դ ŷ recognition 
from Latin recogniti?}  recogniti?n- [act of recognizing] 
Դ  recogniti?}  recogniti?n- [֪Ϊ] 
from recognitus [past participle of] recogn?scere [to recognize] * see  recognize 
Դ recognitus  [] recogn?scereĹȥִ [ʶ] *μ recognize
?
recognitory
AHD:[r1-k?gn1-t?r?, -t?r?]   re.cogni.tive [-t1v] ݴʣ

= =
recognize
rec.og.nize
AHD:[rkg-noz] 
D.J.[6rek*g7na!z]
K.K.[6rWk*g7na!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rec.og.nized,rec.og.niz.ing,rec.og.niz.es 
To know to be something that has been perceived before:
ϳʶǰ
recognize a face.
ϳһ
To know or identify from past experience or knowledge:
֪ӹȥľ֪ʶе֪ϳ
recognize hostility.
ʶ
To perceive or show acceptance of the validity or reality of:
ϣϿɣʶֳܡĺԻʵԣ
recognizes the concerns of the tenants.
ȷϷĵ
To permit to address a meeting:
׼ԣĳϷԣ
The club's president recognized the new member.
ֲϯ׼Ǹ³Ա
To accept officially the national status of as a new government.
ȨʽĳΪҴ
To show awareness of; approve of or appreciate:
ʶʾʶͬͣ
recognize services rendered.
ṩķ
To admit the acquaintance of, as by salutation:
к롭Ϥʺʾ֪
recognize an old friend with a cheerful greeting.
˸߲ҵʺкһλ
Law To enter into a recognizance.
ɡ ߽᣺߽
Biology To exhibit recognition for (an antigen or a substrate, for example).
ѧ ϳֳԣ翹ԭʣͬͬ
?
Middle English recognisen [to resume possession of land] 
йӢ recognisen [صӵȨ] 
alteration  influenced by Medieval Latin recogniz3e [to recognize] 
    recogniz3 [֪] 
of Old French reconoistre  reconoiss- [to know again] 
 ŷ reconoistreı仯  reconoiss- [ٴ֪] 
from Latin recogn?e 
Դ  recogn?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-֣١] 
cogn?e [to get to know] * see  gn?- 
cogn?e [ʶ] *μ gn?- 
?
recognizable
adj.ݴʣ
recognizably
adv.ʣ
recognizer
n.ʣ

= =
recollect
rec.ol.lect
AHD:[rk-lkt] 
D.J.[7rek*6lekt]
K.K.[7rWk*6lWkt]
v.ʣ
rec.ol.lect.ed,rec.ol.lect.ing,rec.ol.lects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To recall to mind.See Synonyms at remember 
䣺Ժмμ remember
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a recollection.
䣻
?
Medieval Latin recolligere  recoll?ct- 
 recolligere  recoll?ct- 
from Latin [to gather up] 
Դ  [ۼ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
colligere [to collect] * see  collect 1
colligere [ռ] *μ collect1
?
recollective
adj.ݴʣ
recollectively
adv.ʣ

= =
recommend
rec.om.mend
AHD:[rk-mnd] 
D.J.[7rek*6mend]
K.K.[7rWk*6mWnd]
v.ʣ
rec.om.mend.ed,rec.om.mend.ing,rec.om.mends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To praise or commend (one) to another as being worthy or desirable; endorse:
Ƽһ˳޻Ƽĳ˻Ϊмֵ⣻
recommended him for the job; recommended a sedan instead of a station wagon.
ƼƼӶ
To make (the possessor, as of an attribute) attractive or acceptable:
ʹܻӭʹӵߣƷ֮ӵߣʹ֮ȡ
Honesty recommends any person.
κһ˶ӭʵƷ
To commit to the charge of another; entrust.
иһƹܣ
To advise or counsel:
Ȱ棺Ҹ棺
She recommended that we avoid giving offense.See Synonyms at advise 
Ǳ鷳μ advise
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give advice or counsel:
飺ȰҸ棺
recommended against signing an international agreement(Time)
ǩЭ(ʱ)
?
Middle English recomenden 
йӢ recomenden 
from Medieval Latin recommend3e 
Դ  recommend3e 
Latin re- [re-] 
 re- [ǰ׺re-] 
Latin commend3e [to entrust, commend] * see  commend 
 commend3e [УƼ] *μ commend
?
recommendable
adj.ݴʣ
recommender
n.ʣ

= =
recommendation
rec.om.men.da.tion
AHD:[rk-mn-d3shn] 
D.J.[7rek*men6de!.*n]
K.K.[7rWk*mWn6de.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of recommending.
ƼƼΪ
Something that recommends, especially a favorable statement concerning character or qualifications.
ɹ֮ȡܻӭĵطָйƷԻʵܻӭ֮
Something, such as a course of action, that is recommended.See Synonyms at advice 
飺Ķжķμ advice
?
recommendatory
AHD:[-d-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
reconcile
rec.on.cile
AHD:[rkn-sol] 
D.J.[6rek*n7sa!l]
K.K.[6rWk*n7sa!l]
v.ʣ
rec.on.ciled,rec.on.cil.ing,rec.on.ciles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reestablish a close relationship between.
ʹͺãڡ֮½ܹϵ
To settle or resolve.
ͣ
To bring (oneself) to accept:
ʹ˳ڣʹԼȥܣ
He finally reconciled himself to the change in management.
ʹԼ˹ϵǸ仯
To make compatible or consistent:
ʹϣʹһ£
reconcile my way of thinking with yours.See Synonyms at adapt 
ҵ뷨ĵμ adapt
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reestablish a close relationship, as in marriage:
ͺã½ܹϵеĺͽ⣺
The estranged couple reconciled after a year.
ǶԷһԺֺͺ
To become compatible or consistent:
һ£÷ϻһ£
The figures would not reconcile.
Щݲһ
?
Middle English reconcilen 
йӢ reconcilen 
from Old French reconcilier 
Դ ŷ reconcilier 
from Latin reconcili3e 
Դ  reconcili3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
concili3e [to conciliate] * see  conciliate 
concili3e [] *μ conciliate
?
reconcilement
n.ʣ
reconciler
n.ʣ
reconciliatory
AHD:[-s1l?--t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
record
re.cord
AHD:[r1-k?rd] 
D.J.[r!6k%8d]
K.K.[r!6k%rd]
v.ʣ
re.cord.ed,re.cord.ing,re.cords 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set down for preservation in writing or other permanent form.
¼дԵķʽԱ
To register or indicate:
¼Ǽǻʾ
The clerk recorded the votes.
ְԱ¼ѡƱ
To register (sound or images) in permanent form by mechanical or electrical means for reproduction.
¼ƣ¼ӰûеӷʽԵؼ¼£ͼԱ㸴
To register the words, sound, appearance, or performance of by such means:
¼ôַʽֶμ¼֡ݣ
recorded the oldest townspeople on tape; recorded the violin concerto.
ڴŴϼ¼ϵľ¼С
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To record something.
¼¼ĳ
n.ʣ 
record
AHD:[rkrd] д rec.
An account, as of information or facts, set down especially in writing as a means of preserving knowledge.
¼Ϣʵָ¼Ϊ֪ʶһֶ
Something on which such an account is based.
¼ݣü¼ϵĳ
Something that records:
¼
a fossil record.
ʯļ¼
Information or data on a particular subject collected and preserved:
ϣռ򱣴ľĿϢݣ
the coldest day on record.
ʷһ
The known history of performance, activities, or achievement:
ʷأݡжɾ͵Ϊ֪ʷ
your academic record; hampered by a police record.
ѧҵ򾯷ļ¼
An unsurpassed measurement:
߼¼ĳûбֵ
a world record in weightlifting; a record for cold weather.
ĳص¼ļ¼
Computer Science A collection of related, often adjacent items of data, treated as a unit.
ѧ ¼һصͨΪڵĿһλ
Law 
ɡ 
An account officially written and preserved as evidence or testimony.
֤ݼ¼ٷдΪ֤ݻ֤ʵ
An account of judicial or legislative proceedings written and preserved as evidence.
м¼о¼Ϊ֤ݶдйо˾
The documents or volumes containing such evidence.
֤ݵļ򼯲
A disk designed to be played on a phonograph.
ƬڳϲŵƬ
Something, such as magnetic tape, on which sound or visual images have been recorded.
¼Ʒ¼ӾͼĶŴ
?
go on record
To embrace a certain position publicly:
ŷĳض
go on record in favor of the mayor's reelection.
֧гٴεѡ
off the record
Not for publication:
ģģ
The senator told the reporters that his remarks were strictly off the record.
λԱǣ۾Ա
on record
Known to have been stated or to have taken a certain position:
¼ģΪѳѲȡĳһ۵ģ
The senator's opposition to the new legislation is on record.
ԱϵеλѼ¼ڰ
?
Middle English recorden 
йӢ recorden 
from Old French recorder 
Դ ŷ recorder 
from Latin record3o} [to remember] 
Դ  record3o} [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-֣٣¡] 
cor  cord- [heart] * see  kerd- 
cor  cord- [] *μ kerd- 

= =
recorder
re.cord.er
AHD:[r1-k?rdr] 
D.J.[r!6k%8d*]
K.K.[r!6k%rd+]
n.ʣ
One, such as a tape recorder, that makes recordings or records.
¼װã¼Ա¼¼Ƶ˻װã¼
Law A judge who has criminal jurisdiction in a city.
ɡ ·Ժ٣ĳȨķ
Music A flute with eight finger holes and a whistlelike mouthpiece.
֡ ׸ߵ£һֵӣа˸ָ׺һ״
?
Sense 3, probably from record [to practice a tune, warble] 
3Դ record[ĳ] 

= =
recover
re.cov.er
AHD:[r1-k?vr] 
D.J.[r!6kJv*]
K.K.[r!6kJv+]
v.ʣ
re.cov.ered,re.cov.er.ing,re.cov.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To get back; regain.
ػոµõ
To restore (oneself) to a normal state:
ָԭʹԼָ״̬
He recovered himself after a slip on the ice.
ڱϻһºվ
To compensate for:
ֲ
She recovered her losses.
ʧ
To procure (usable substances, such as metal) from unusable substances, such as ore or waste.
ʹã󴲻ûõĶлȡõʣ
To bring under observation again:
ٴη֣һι۲쵽
watching the comet since it was first recoveredfirst spotted since its 1910 visit(Christian Science Monitor)
Դ1910걻״ηֺǵһڹ۲쵽ټ(̿ѧԱ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To regain a normal or usual condition, as of health.
ָٴλصƽʱ״罡Ļָ
To receive a favorable judgment in a lawsuit.
ʤߣĳло
?
Middle English recoveren 
йӢ recoveren 
from Old French recoverer 
Դ ŷ recoverer 
from Latin recuper3e * see  recuperate 
Դ  recuper3e *μ recuperate
?
recoverable
adj.ݴʣ
recoverer
n.ʣ
?
recover,regain,recoup,retrieve
These verbs are compared as they mean to get back something lost or taken away.
ȽЩʣΪǶСջʧȥĻ򱻶ߵ֮⡣
 Recover  is the least specific: 
 Recover  ģ 
The police recovered the stolen car.
ҵ˱ĳ
In a few days Mr. Barnstaple had recovered strength of body and mind (H.G. Wells). 
֮󣬰˹ò˼άѻָˡ (H.G.˹ 
He . . . stood in the porch a minute to recover his composure (John Galsworthy).
 վһԻָ򶨡 Լ߶˹磩
 Regain  suggests success in recovering something that has been taken from one: 
 Regain  ָǳɹؽߵջأ 
hopeful to regain/Thy Love (John Milton); 
ϣȥػ/İ Լֶ٣ 
regain'd my freedom with a sigh (Byron).Torecoup  is to get back the equivalent of something lost:  
һ̾Ϣػҵɡ ףRecoup ָջʧĵȼ  
The teacher, who had bought the book for the school library, felt entitled to recoup her expenses.
λѧУͼݹʦеԼȨĻѡ
Retrieve  pertains to the effortful recovery of something ( 
Retrieve  ָŬػָĳ 
retrieved the ball from the end zone)  or to the rectification of unfavorable consequences or the making good of something gone amiss or awry: 
ŬشӶߴǸ Բ֮ĲȣԳƫľ 
a false step that he was never able to retrieve (John Morley). 
ҲصĴһ ԼĪ 
By a brilliant coup he has retrieved . . . a rather serious loss (Samuel Butler).
ͨĵĲ߻Ѿˡ һʮصʧ Ѷգ

= =
recovery
re.cov.er.y
AHD:[r1-k?v-r?] 
D.J.[r!6kJv*ri8]
K.K.[r!6kJv*ri]
n.ʣ
 re.cov.er.ies 
The act, process, duration, or an instance of recovering.
ػһػ»õΪ̡ʱλ
A return to a normal condition.
ԭָ״
Something gained or restored in recovering.
»õĶѻָ˵
The act of obtaining usable substances from unusable sources.
ãõĶлȡʵΪ

= =
recreation
rec.re.a.tion
AHD:[rkr?-3shn] 
D.J.[7rekri86e!.*n]
K.K.[7rWkri6e.*n]
n.Abbr. rec.ʣд rec.
Refreshment of one's mind or body after work through activity that amuses or stimulates; play.
ǲ֣ڹֻ̼֮ͨĻʹĳ˵ĵõָˣ

= =
recruit
re.cruit
AHD:[r1-kr?t] 
D.J.[r!6kru8t]
K.K.[r!6krut]
v.ʣ
re.cruit.ed,re.cruit.ing,re.cruits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To engage (persons) for military service.
ļµλ٣Ա
To strengthen or raise (an armed force) by enlistment.
ļʵͨԱǿߣĳװ
To supply with new members or employees.
գ䣺ṩ³Ա¹Ա
To enroll or seek to enroll:
ʹѧʹ跨ʹ룺
colleges recruiting minority students.
ѧĴѧ
To replenish.

To renew or restore the health, vitality, or intensity of.
ʹָָԭָĽǿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To raise a military force.
ļ±ʵĳ
To obtain replacements for or new supplies of something lost, wasted, or needed.
õ䣬õʧȥĶ˷ѵĶҪĶƷµĹӦ
To regain lost health or strength; recover.
ԭָ»ʧȥĽָ
n.Abbr. rct.ʣд rct.
A newly engaged member of a military force, especially one of the lowest rank or grade.
±ձĳĳԱָͲ¼ĳԱ
A new member of an organization or a body.
³Աĳ֯³Ա
?
French recruter 
 recruter 
from obsolete recrute [recruit] 
Դ  recrute [ļ] 
variant of recrue [from feminine past participle of] recro?tre [to grow again] 
 recrueı  [] Դrecro?treԹȥִ [] 
from Old French recroistre 
Դ ŷ recroistre 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ٣֡˼ǰ׺] 
croistre [to grow]  from Latin cr?e * see  ker- 2
croistre []  Դ  cr?e *μ ker- 2
?
recruiter
n.ʣ
recruitment
n.ʣ

= =
rectangular
rec.tan.gu.lar
AHD:[rk-t2nggy-lr] 
D.J.[rek6t#0gj*l*]
K.K.[rWk6t#0gj*l+]
adj.Abbr. rect.ݴʣд rect.
Having the shape of a rectangle.
εģо״
Having one or more right angles.
ֱǵģһֱǵ
Designating a geometric coordinate system with mutually perpendicular axes.
ֱģǾ໥ֱļϵ
?
rectangularity
AHD:[-l2r1-t?] ʣ
rectangularly
adv.ʣ

= =
rectify
rec.ti.fy
AHD:[rkt-fo] 
D.J.[6rekt*7fa!]
K.K.[6rWkt*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rec.ti.fied,rec.ti.fy.ing,rec.ti.fies 
To set right; correct.
ʹ֮ȷ
To correct by calculation or adjustment.See Synonyms at correct 
Уͨμ correct
Chemistry To refine or purify, especially by distillation.
ѧ ᴿָͨķᴿ
Electronics To convert (alternating current) into direct current.
ѧ ѡ磩תΪֱ
To adjust (the proof of alcoholic beverages) by adding water or other liquids.
ϡͣüˮҺİ취ƾϵǿ
?
Middle English rectifien 
йӢ rectifien 
from Old French rectifier 
Դ ŷ rectifier 
from Medieval Latin r?3re} 
Դ  r?3re} 
Latin r?s [right] * see  reg- 
 r?s [ȷ] *μ reg- 
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺-fy] 
?
rectifiable
adj.ݴʣ
rectification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ

= =
recur
re.cur
AHD:[r1-k?r] 
D.J.[r!6kT8]
K.K.[r!6kP]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.curred,re.cur.ring,re.curs 
To happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly.See Synonyms at return 
ٷ»򷴸طֲμ return
To return to one's attention or memory.
£עͷ
To return in thought or discourse.
漰ἰ˼̸ʱ
To have recourse:
ֶΰ취
recur to the use of force.

?
Latin recurrere 
 recurrere 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
currere [to run] * see  kers- 
currere [] *μ kers- 
?
recurrence
n.ʣ

= =
recycle
re.cy.cle
AHD:[r?-sokl] 
D.J.[ri86sa!k*l]
K.K.[ri6sa!k*l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.cy.cled,re.cy.cling,re.cy.cles 
To put or pass through a cycle again, as for further treatment.
ѭΪ˽һҪ½򾭹һѭ
To start a different cycle in.
ʼͬѭ
To extract useful materials from (garbage or waste).
ãӣȡ
To extract and reuse (useful substances found in waste).
ظãӣҵʣȡ
To use again, especially to reprocess:
ʹãٴʹãرҪټӹ
recycle aluminum cans; recycle old jokes.
ټӹʹãЦ˵
To recondition and adapt to a new use or function:
Ľı״̬ʹ֮Ӧµ;ã
recycling old warehouses as condominiums.
ѾɲֿĽɹԢ
?
recyclable
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
recycler
n.ʣ

= =
red
red
AHD:[rd] 
D.J.[red]
K.K.[rWd]
n.ʣ
Color The hue of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers; any of a group 
of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation and whose hue resembles that of blood; one of the additive or light primaries; one of the psychological primary hues.
ɫʡ ɫͨ۲ߵĿɼгĩ˵ɫԼΪ630750΢ףȺͱͶвͬѪҺһɫӵĻ
ԭɫ֮һԭɫ֮һ
A pigment or dye having a red hue.
ɫȾ
Something that has a red hue.
ɫ
Often Red A Communist.
  Red 
A revolutionary activist.

adj.ݴʣ
red.der,red.dest 
Color Having a color resembling that of blood.
ɫʡ ɫģѪƵɫ
Reddish in color or having parts that are reddish in color:
ģ򲿷Ǻɫģ
a red dog; a red oak.
һɫĹһú
Having a reddish or coppery skin color.
ɫģкɫͭɫɫ
Often Red Offensive Of or being a Native American.
  Red  ӡذˣڻΪ˵
Having a ruddy or flushed complexion:
ģɫߺģ
red with embarrassment.
εͨ
Often Red Communist.
  Red 
?
in the red
Operating at a loss; in debt.
ⱾӪģծ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?d * see  reudh- 
Դ Ӣ r?d *μ reudh- 
?
redly
adv.ʣ
redness
n.ʣ

= =
reduce
re.duce
AHD:[r1-d?s, -dy?s] 
D.J.[r!6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[r!6dus, -6djus]
v.ʣ
re.duced,re.duc.ing,re.duc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring down, as in extent, amount, or degree; diminish.See Synonyms at decrease 
᣺٣ڷΧϻ̶ϼ٣Ͳμ decrease
To bring to a humbler, weaker, difficult, or forced state or condition; especially:
ʹ£ʹչһ¡ѻǿȵĵλ״̬رǣ
To gain control of; conquer:
ƣȡöԡĿȨ
a design to reduce them under absolute despotism(Declaration of Independence)
һʹ䵽רͳµļƻ()
To subject to destruction:
ݣٻ⵽ٻ
Enemy bombers reduced the city to rubble.
˵ĺըѳΪƽ
To weaken bodily:
˥
was reduced almost to emaciation.
˥
To sap the spirit or mental energy of.
ʴľ
To compel to desperate acts:
ʹעһľٶ
The Depression reduced many to begging on street corners.
ʹ䵽ͷ
To lower in rank or grade; demote.See Synonyms at demote 
͵ȼλμ demote
To powder or pulverize.
ĥɷۣ
To thin (paint) with a solvent.
ϡܼͣʹȾϣϡ
To lower the price of:
ۣ͡ļ۸
The store has drastically reduced winter coats.
̵Զװ
To put in order or arrange systematically:
ϵͳ˳ϵͳذŻ֯
reduce a complex tax situation.
ӵ˰ϵͳ
To separate into orderly components by analysis.
ͨĳɷ
Chemistry 
ѧ 
To decrease the valence of (an atom) by adding electrons.
ԭӼۣͨ٣ԭӵģӼ
To remove oxygen from (a compound).
ȥѣеȥ
To add hydrogen to (a compound).
⣺ڣм
To change to a metallic state by removing nonmetallic constituents; smelt.
ұͨȥǽɷֶɽ״̬
Mathematics To simplify the form of (an expression, such as a fraction) without changing the value.
ѧ Լ֣ڲıֵ¼򻯣ʽģʽ
Medicine To restore (a fractured or displaced body part) to a normal condition or position.
ҽѧ ʹԭʹλʹۻѾʵĲָ֣״̬λ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become diminished.

To lose weight, as by dieting.
أͨʳ
Biology To undergo meiosis.
ѧ 
?
Middle English reducen [to bring back] 
йӢ reducen [] 
from Old French reducier 
Դ ŷ reducier 
from Latin red?e 
Դ  red?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺Ӧˡ] 
d?e [to lead] * see  deuk- 
d?e [] *μ deuk- 
?
reducer
n.ʣ
reducibility
n.ʣ
reducible
adj.ݴʣ
reducibly
adv.ʣ

= =
reduction
re.duc.tion
AHD:[r1-d?kshn] 
D.J.[r!6dJk.*n]
K.K.[r!6dJk.*n]
n.Abbr. red.ʣд red.
The act or process of reducing.
٣ٵΪ
The result of reducing:
ٵĽ
a reduction in absenteeism.
ȱϯļ
The amount by which something is lessened or diminished:
ĳﱻ̻ٵ
a reduction of 12 percent in violent crime.
ط½12ٷֵ
Biology The first meiotic division, in which the chromosome number is reduced.Also called  reduction division 
ѧ ѣϸһȾɫĿٴҲ  reduction division
Chemistry 
ѧ 
A decrease in positive valence or an increase in negative valence by the gaining of electrons.
ԭͨõӶ۵Ӽٺ͸۵
A reaction in which hydrogen is combined with a compound.
⻯Ӧ뻯ϵķӦ
A reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound.
ԭӦӻзķӦ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The canceling of common factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction.
Լ֣ȥзӺͷĸĹԼ
The converting of a fraction to its decimal equivalent.
Сѷд֮ȵС
The converting of an expression or equation to its simplest form.
򻯷ʽѱʽ򷽳ʽʽ
?
Middle English reduccion [restoration] 
йӢ reduccion [] 
from Old French reduction 
Դ ŷ reduction 
from Latin reducti?}  reducti?n- 
Դ  reducti?}  reducti?n- 
from reductus [past participle of] red?cere [to bring back] * see  reduce 
Դ reductus  [] red?cereĹȥִ [ջ] *μ reduce
?
reductional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
redundant
re.dun.dant
AHD:[r1-d?ndnt] 
D.J.[r!6dJnd*nt]
K.K.[r!6dJnd*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Exceeding what is necessary or natural; superfluous.
ģĻģ
Needlessly repetitive; verbose.
׸ģûбҪظģ߳
Electronics Of or involving redundancy in electronic equipment.
ѧ ģ豸Ļ漰豸
Of or involving redundancy in the transmission of messages.
ģϢĻ漰Ϣ
?
Latin redund3s  redundant- [present participle of] redund3re [to overflow] 
 redund3s  redundant-  [] redund3reڷִ [] 
re-, red- [re-] 
re-, red- [ǰ׺re-] 
und3e [to surge]  from unda [wave] * see  wed- 1
und3e []  Դ unda [] *μ wed- 1
?
redundantly
adv.ʣ

= =
reed
reed
AHD:[r?d] 
D.J.[ri8d]
K.K.[rid]
n.ʣ
Any of various tall perennial grasses, especially of the generaPhragmites  or Arundo,  having hollow stems, broad leaves, and large plumelike terminal panicles. 
«έߴֲ̱һָ֣«έ̱  «έ ֲпյľҶƬ״Բ׶ 
The stalk of any of these plants.
«έˣЩֲһֵľ
A collection of these stalks:
«έˣ
reed for making baskets.
ӵ«έ
Music A primitive wind instrument made of a hollow reed stalk.
֡ «ѣÿ«έƳɵԭʼ
Music 
֡ 
A flexible strip of cane or metal set into the mouthpiece or air opening of certain instruments to produce tone by vibrating in response to a stream of air.
ƬһеԵĳЩĴڻͨеƬ񶯶
An instrument, such as an oboe or a clarinet, that is fitted with a reed.
лƬ˫ɹܻ򵥻ɹ
A narrow, movable frame fitted with reed or metal strips that separate the warp threads in weaving.
գװέխĿƶĿӣڷ֯ڷֿɴ
Architecture A reeding.
ѧ «
?
Middle English rede 
йӢ rede 
from Old English hr?d 
Դ Ӣ hr?d 
?
Reed
Reed
AHD:[r?d] John (1887-1920) 
D.J.[ri8d]
K.K.[rid]
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist. A World War I correspondent, he was in Petrograd during the October Revolution (1917), an experience he recounted inTen Days That Shook the World  (1919). In 
1919 he founded the American Communist Labor Party. Reed is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow. 
£Լ(1887-1920) ߡһսʱڼߣʮ¸(1917꣩ʱӱ˵øգڡʮա 1919꣩мξ1919
˵Ī˹ƿķֹ 
?
Reed
ReedStanley Forman (1884-1980)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1938-1957).
£˹̹(1884-1980) ٣߷Ժ󷨹(1938-1957꣩
?
Reed
ReedThomas Brackett (1839-1902)
NONE޴ԣ
American politician. A U.S. representative from Maine (1877-1899), he twice served as Speaker of the House (1889-1891 and 1895-1899).
£˹׿أ(1839-1902) μңΪݵԱ(1877-1899꣩  γԺ鳤(1889-18911895-1899꣩
?
Reed
ReedWalter (1851-1902)
NONE޴ԣ
American physician and army surgeon who proved that yellow fever was transmitted by theAedes aegypti  mosquito. 
£ֶأ(1851-1902) ҽ;ҽ֤Ȳɡá  

= =
reel
reel 1
AHD:[r?l] 
D.J.[ri8l]
K.K.[ril]
n.ʣ
A device, such as a cylinder, spool, or frame, that turns on an axis and is used for winding and storing rope, tape, film, or other flexible materials.
᣺һͲתװãھŴ ƬԵ
A cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod to let out or wind up the line.
˿֣װųջߵľͲ״װ
The quantity of wire, film, or other material wound on one reel.
һھϵĵߡƬʵ
A set of curved lawn-mower blades that rotate around a bar parallel to the ground, cutting grass while moving against a stationary straight blade.
״ײݵײݻƽеתĵвݵͬʱΧһֹ֧ת
v.tr.ﶯʣ
reeled,reel.ing,reels 
To wind on or let out from a reel.
ƣӾϻų
To recover by winding on a reel:
þջأ
reel in a large fish.
ջع˿һ
?
reel off
To recite fluently and usually at length:
ءһر
reeled off a long list of names and dates.
һһƺʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hr?l 
Դ Ӣ hr?l 
?
reelable
adj.ݴʣ
?
reel
reel 2
AHD:[r?l] 
D.J.[ri8l]
K.K.[ril]
v.ʣ
reeled,reel.ing,reels 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be thrown off balance or fall back:
ܵʱվȻˤ
reeled from the sharp blow.
ܵػ
To stagger, lurch, or sway, as from drunkenness:
ǣҡΣƵȲǡбҡΣ
reeled down the alley.
ǵȥ
To go round and round in a whirling motion:
ת
gulls reeling and diving.
Ÿ͸
To feel dizzy:
еѣΣ
My head reeled with the facts and figures.
ҵӱһʵݸһƬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to reel.
ʹվ
n.ʣ
A staggering, swaying, or whirling movement.
ǵ˶ҡε˶ת˶
A fast dance of Scottish origin.
裺ԴոĿ赸
The Virginia reel.

The music for one of these dances.
ʺ
?
Middle English relen [to whirl about] 
йӢ relen [ת] 
probably from reel [spool] * see  reel 1
Դ reel [ѡ.] *μ reel1
?
reeler
n.ʣ
?
reel
reel 3
n.Maine ʣݡ 
A hand-held hammer used in a quarry for shaping granite blocks.See Regional Note at reeling 
ʯִڲʯʹʯεִμ reeling
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
refer
re.fer
AHD:[r1-f?r] 
D.J.[r!6fT8]
K.K.[r!6fP]
v.ʣ
re.ferred,re.fer.ring,re.fers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To direct to a source for help or information:
ȥָ㵽ϢԴѰϢ
referred her to a heart specialist; referred me to his last employer for a recommendation.
ಡרңǰĹѯƼ
To assign or attribute to; regard as originated by.
ڡָɻڡΪԴڡ
To assign to or regard as belonging within a particular kind or class.
ΪڣָΪһض
To submit (a matter in dispute) to an authority for arbitration, decision, or examination.
գύ¼Ȩٲá
To direct the attention of:
ʹע⣺ע
refer him to his duties.
עŵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pertain; concern:
롭йأ漰ڣ
questions referring to yesterday's lecture.
漰ݽ
To make mention or reference.
գ֤ο
To have recourse; turn:
ݣѯ
refer to a dictionary.
ֵ
?
Middle English referren 
йӢ referren 
from Old French referer 
Դ ŷ referer 
from Latin referre 
Դ  referre 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [Я] *μ bher- 1
?
referable
AHD:[rfr--bl, r1-f?r-] ݴʣ
referral
n.ʣ
referrer
n.ʣ
?
refer,advert,mention
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to call or direct attention to something: 
Щʵ˼ǡĳµע⡱ 
referred to my indiscretion;
ҵĲأ
adverting to childhood experiences;
Լʱڵľ
often mentions his old friend. See also Synonyms at  attribute ,resort 
ἰ μͬ attribute,resort
?
It is sometimes believed that the phraserefer back  is redundant, since the prefixre-  means back, but the objection is misplaced.In fact, an expression can refer either to something 
that has already been mentionedor to something that is yet to be mentioned,and the distinction betweenrefer back  and refer ahead  may thus be required for clarification. For example, 
the sentenceJones promised that if he was elected to the council, Harris would be made the council president  is ambiguous, because the pronounhe  may either refer back or refer 
ahead. See Usage Note at allude ,redundancy 
ʱΪrefer back ظģ Ϊǰ׺re- Ϊȥģġ һǴġʵϣһֱ﷽ָѾᵽĶҲָᵽĶ
refer back  refer ahead ܻ֮Ҫ֡ ˹֤ѡίԱᣬ˹ѡΪίԱϯ ǲȷģ Ϊ ָģҲ
ָǰ μ allude,redundancy

= =
reference
ref.er.ence
AHD:[rfr-ns, rfrns] 
D.J.[6ref*r*ns, 6refr*ns]
K.K.[6rWf*r*ns, 6rWfr*ns]
n.Abbr. ref.ʣд ref.
An act of referring:
οοΪ
My careful writing results from many references to a dictionary.
ܵԴھֵ
Significance in a specified context:
Ҫԣضر壺
Her speeches have special reference to the African situation.
ݽԷض
Meaning or denotation.
壺˼
The state of being related or referred:
أἰ򱻲ο״̬
with reference to; in reference to.
ڣ͡
A mention of an occurrence or a situation:
ἰᵽ¼򴦾
She made frequent references to her promotion.
ʱᵽǨ
A note in a publication referring the reader to another passage or source.
οĿʾ߲οƪ»ϵĳע
The passage or source so referred to.
οϣοƪ»
A work frequently used as a source.
ο飺Ʒ
A mark or footnote used to direct a reader elsewhere for additional information.
շţߵѰҸϢķŻע
Law 
ɡ 
Submission of a case to a referee.
ύٲãύУѰύٲ˻Ա
Legal actions conducted before or by a referee.
ٲٲʩУٲ˻ԱʩеķΪ
A person who is in a position to recommend another or to vouch for his or her fitness, as for a job.
ˣΪһƼ֤ʺĳ
A statement about a person's qualifications, character, and dependability.
ƼţĳԸͿɿԵĳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ref.er.enced,ref.er.enc.ing,ref.er.ences 
To supply references to:
ṩο
Our memories are addressed and referenced . . . by significant fragments of their own content(Frederick Turner)
ǵĻǱԼݵҪͲοġ(׵ˡ)
To mention in a reference; refer to:
ἰᵽԹοָ
He referenced her book in his speech.See Usage Note at allude 
ڽἰμ allude
?
referencer
n.ʣ
referential
AHD:[--rnshl] ݴʣ
referentially
adv.ʣ

= =
refine
re.fine
AHD:[r1-fon] 
D.J.[r!6fa!n]
K.K.[r!6fa!n]
v.ʣ
re.fined,re.fin.ing,re.fines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reduce to a pure state; purify.
״̬
To remove by purifying.
ᴿߣᴿȥ
To free from coarse, unsuitable, or immoral characteristics:
ʹţʹȥ³ʱ˻򲻵µص㣺
refined his manners; refined her speaking style.
ʹֹţʹ˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become free of impurities.
ᴿ
To acquire polish or elegance.
ž
To use precise distinctions and subtlety in thought or speech.
˼ʹþȷϸ΢֮
?
refiner
n.ʣ

= =
reflect
re.flect
AHD:[r1-flkt] 
D.J.[r!6flekt]
K.K.[r!6flWkt]
v.ʣ
re.flect.ed,re.flect.ing,re.flects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw or bend back (light, for example) from a surface.See Synonyms at echo 
䣺⣩һۻزμ echo
To form an image of (an object); mirror:
ӳγɣ壩ӳ
Baseball reflects America's history(Roslyn A. Mazer)
ӳʷ(˹A.)
To manifest as a result of one's actions:
ΪĳжĽʾ
Her work reflects intelligence.
Ĺʾǻ
Archaic To bend back.
 ۻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be bent back.
䣺ۻ
To give back a likeness.
ӳӳƵ
To think seriously.See Synonyms at think 
˼ǲμ think
To express carefully considered thoughts.
رﾭ˼Ǻ뷨
?
reflect on
To form or express carefully considered thoughts about:
˼γɻ˼Ǻ뷨
reflects on her country's place in history.
˼Ĺʷϵĵλ
To give evidence of the qualities of (one):
֤ṩ֤һ֤ݣ
The hasty preparation of this report reflects on you.
ݲִٶ͵ıʹָܵժ
To give evidence that (one) has acted in a given way:
£֤ĳˣĳַʽж
The excuses you gave reflect disappointingly on you.
ҵʹ
?
Middle English reflecten 
йӢ reflecten 
from Old French reflecter 
Դ ŷ reflecter 
from Latin reflectere [to bend back] 
Դ  reflectere [ۻ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ٣֡˼ǰ׺] 
flectere [to bend] 
flectere [] 

= =
reflection
re.flec.tion
AHD:[r1-flkshn] 
D.J.[r!6flek.*n]
K.K.[r!6flWk.*n]
n.Abbr. refl.ʣд refl.
The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.
䣺Ϊ򱻷״̬
Something, such as light, radiant heat, sound, or an image, that is reflected.
⡢ȡȱ
Mental concentration; careful consideration.
Уϸ
A thought or an opinion resulting from such consideration.
˼ǵ뷨ֿͨǲ뷨۵
An indirect expression of censure or discredit:
ָ𣬻ɣεļӵı
a reflection on his integrity.
ֱĻ
A manifestation or result:
ʾ
Her achievements are a reflection of her courage.
ĳɾʾ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
The folding of a membrane from the wall of a cavity over an organ and back to the wall.
ϸĤ۵ϸĤٵǻڵۻǻڵ
The folds so made.
ϸĤޣγɵ
?
reflectional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
reflexion
re.flex.ion
AHD:[r1-flkshn] 
D.J.[r!6flek.*n]
K.K.[r!6flWk.*n]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of reflection 
 reflectionı

= =
reform
re.form
AHD:[r1-f?rm] 
D.J.[r!6f%8m]
K.K.[r!6f%rm]
v.ʣ
re.formed,re.form.ing,re.forms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To improve by alteration, correction of error, or removal of defects; put into a better form or condition.
ĸͨı䡢ȱĽڸõʽ״̬
To abolish abuse or malpractice in:
ϳײªϰ
reform the government.

To put an end to (a wrong).See Synonyms at correct 
μ correct
To cause (a person) to give up harmful or immoral practices; persuade to adopt a better way of life.
ʹĹ£ʹĳˣкĲµΪȰ˲ȡõʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change for the better.
ø
n.ʣ
A change for the better; an improvement.
ø
Correction of evils, abuses, or errors.
Ľ񡢱ײ
Action to improve social or economic conditions without radical or revolutionary change.
ĸı仯Ľᾭ״ж
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or favoring reform:
ĸģڻڸĸģ
a reform candidate for mayor.
гѡ
Reform Of or relating to Reform Judaism.
 Reform ̸̫ɵģ̸̫ɵĻ̸̫йص
?
Middle English reformen 
йӢ reformen 
from Old French reformer 
Դ ŷ reformer 
from Latin ref?3re} 
Դ  ref?3re} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺] 
f?3re}  from f?a [form] 
f?3re}  Դ f?a [] 
?
reformability
n.ʣ
reformable
adj.ݴʣ
reformer
n.ʣ

= =
refrain
refrain 1
AHD:[r1-fr3n] 
D.J.[r!6fre!n]
K.K.[r!6fren]
v.ʣ
re.frained,re.frain.ing,re.frains 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hold oneself back; forbear:
ͣƣԱ⣻ס
refrained from swearing.
ס
v.tr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To restrain or hold back; curb.
ƣƣƻƣԼ
?
Middle English refreinen 
йӢ refreinen 
from Old French refrener [to restrain] 
Դ ŷ refrener [] 
from Latin refr?3re} 
Դ  refr?3re} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾˣӳ˼ǰ׺] 
fr?3re} [to restrain]  from fr?m [bridle]  from frendere [to grind] * see  ghrendh- 
fr?3re} []  Դ fr?m [ͷ]  Դ frendere [ĥ] *μ ghrendh- 
?
refrainer
n.ʣ
refrainment
n.ʣ
?
refrain,abstain,forbear
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to keep or prevent oneself from doing or saying something: 
Щʵ˼ǡֹĳĳ»˵ʲô 
refrained from commenting;
ۣ
abstained from smoking;
̣
can't forbear criticizing their ineptitude. 
סҪǵı׾ 
?
refrain
refrain 2
AHD:[r1-fr3n] 
D.J.[r!6fre!n]
K.K.[r!6fren]
n.ʣ
A phrase, verse, or group of verses repeated at intervals throughout a song or poem, especially at the end of each stanza.
䣬裺һһʫһʫһ׸ʫÿһظһΣ ÿʫڵĽβ
Music for the refrain of a poem.
裺һʫظݳֵ
A song or melody.
һ׸裬һ
A repeated utterance or theme.
ظĻظ
?
Middle English refrein 
йӢ refrein 
from Old French refrain 
Դ ŷ refrain 
alteration of refrait [past participle of] refraindre [to break off, repeat] 
 refraitı仯  [] refraindreĹȥִ [ֹظ] 
from Vulgar Latin *refrangere [to break off] 
Դ  *refrangere [ֹ] 
alteration of Latin refringere * see  refract 
  refringereı仯 *μ refract

= =
refresh
re.fresh
AHD:[r1-frsh] 
D.J.[r!6fre.]
K.K.[r!6frW.]
v.ʣ
re.freshed,re.fresh.ing,re.fresh.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give new vigor or spirit to.
ָͨ·ͨϢʳϵõָµĻ
To give new freshness or brightness to; restore.
ָʣʻɣʹԭ
To make cool, clean, or moist; freshen up.
ʹʣʹˬʪʹ
To renew by stimulation:
𣬻ָ̼ͨ¿ʼ
refresh one's memory.
ĳ˵Ļ
To fill up again; replenish:
װ䣺
refresh a drink.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take refreshment.
Եģ
To become fresh again; revive.
ָ±þ棻ָ
?
Middle English refresshen 
йӢ refresshen 
from Old French refreschir 
Դ ŷ refreschir 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
fres, fresche [fresh]  [of Germanic origin] 
fres, fresche []  [նԴ] 

= =
refreshment
re.fresh.ment
AHD:[r1-frshmnt] 
D.J.[r!6fre.m*nt]
K.K.[r!6frW.m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of refreshing or the state of being refreshed.
ָָΪָ״̬
Something, such as food or drink, that refreshes.
ָܻʳָܻ
refreshments A snack or light meal and drinks.
 refreshments ͣʳ

= =
refrigerator
re.frig.er.a.tor
AHD:[r1-fr1j-r3tr] 
D.J.[r!6fr!d9*7re!t*]
K.K.[r!6fr!d9*7ret+]
n.ʣ
An appliance, a cabinet, or a room for storing food or other substances at a low temperature.
䣬ңڵʳʵװáӻ򷿼

= =
refuge
ref.uge
AHD:[rfy?j] 
D.J.[6refju8d9]
K.K.[6rWfjud9]
n.ʣ
Protection or shelter, as from danger or hardship.
ΪΣջӻ
A place providing protection or shelter.
ӻṩӻĳ
A source of help, relief, or comfort in times of trouble.See Synonyms at shelter 
ӻߣΣṩȻοĸԴμ shelter
v.ʣ
ref.uged,ref.ug.ing,ref.ug.es  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give refuge to.
衭ӻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take refuge.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin refugium 
Դ  refugium 
from refugere [to run away] 
Դ refugere [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
fugere [to flee] 
fugere [ӱ] 

= =
refugee
ref.u.gee
AHD:[rfy?-j?] 
D.J.[7refj&6d9i8]
K.K.[7rWfj&6d9i]
n.ʣ
One who flees in search of refuge, as in times of war, political oppression, or religious persecution.
սѹȻڽȺʱΪѰѶӳ
?
French rfugi [from past participle of] rfugier [to take refuge] 
 rfugi  [] ԴrfugierĹȥִ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from refuge [refuge] * see  refuge 
Դ refuge [] *μ refuge

= =
refusal
re.fus.al
AHD:[r1-fy?zl] 
D.J.[r!6fju8z*l]
K.K.[r!6fjuz*l]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of refusing.
ܾܾΪ
The opportunity or right to accept or reject something before it is offered elsewhere.
ȡȨĳ˻ط֮ǰӵȡĻȨ

= =
refuse
refuse 1
AHD:[r1-fy?z] 
D.J.[r!6fju8z]
K.K.[r!6fjuz]
v.ʣ
re.fused,re.fus.ing,re.fus.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To indicate unwillingness to do, accept, give, or allow:
ܾʾԸܡ
She was refused admittance. He refused treatment.
ܾ룻ܾ
To indicate unwillingness (to do something):
ԸʾԸĳ£
refused to leave.
Ը뿪
To decline to jump (an obstacle). Used of a horse.
ܾԾϰܾԽ谭ָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To decline to do, accept, give, or allow something.
ܾܾܡĳ
?
Middle English refusen 
йӢ refusen 
from Old French refuser 
Դ ŷ refuser 
from Vulgar Latin *ref?3re} 
Դ  *ref?3re} 
probably blend of Latin rec?3re} [to refuse] * see  recuse 
ܻ  rec?3re} [ܾ] *μ recuse
ref?3re} * see  refute 
ref?3re} *μ refute
?
refuser
n.ʣ
?
refuse,decline,reject,spurn,rebuff
These verbs all mean to be unwilling to accept, consider, or receive someone or something.
ЩʶʾԸܡǻĳ˻ĳ
 Refuse  usually implies determination and often brusqueness: 
 Refuse  ͨʾҳд³ 
The commander . . . refused to discuss questions of right (George Bancroft). 
˾پܾ۹Ȩ⡱ Ρ޷أ 
I'll make him an offer he can't refuse (Mario Puzo).Todecline  is to refuse courteously:  
ҽһ޷ܾ顱 ¡Decline Ϊòؾܾ  
I declined election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters some years ago, and now I must decline the Pulitzer Prize (Sinclair Lewis).
ǰлѡѧЭᣬֱл߽ ά˹
 Reject  suggests the discarding of someone or something as unsatisfactory, defective, or useless;it implies categoric refusal: 
 Reject  ʾΪ⡢ȱݻöʾľܾ 
He again offered himself for enlistment and was again rejected (Arthur S.M. Hutchinson). 
ٴҪӦ飬ٴαؾˡ ɪS.M.ɭ 
Emphasize your choice by utter ignoring of all that you reject (Ralph Waldo Emerson).Tospurn  is to reject scornfully or contemptuously:  
ȫܾĶǿѡ 򡤰ĬɭSpurn ָӵؾܾ  
The more she spurns my love,/The more it grows (Shakespeare).
ԽؾܾҶİⰮԽ ɯʿǣ
 Rebuff  pertains to blunt, often disdainful rejection: 
 Rebuff  ָ³ҳӵľܾ 
He had . . . forgotten himself, had gone too far in his advances, and had been rebuffed (Robert Louis Stevenson).
Ρôߣػؾˡ ޲ء·˹ʷɭ
?
refuse
refuse 2
AHD:[rfy?s] 
D.J.[6refju8s]
K.K.[6rWfjus]
n.ʣ
Items or material discarded or rejected as useless or worthless; trash or rubbish.
ΪûûֵǮĶʣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French refus [rejection, refuse] 
Դ ŷ refus [ܾ] 
from refuser [to refuse] * see  refuse 1
Դ refuser [ܾ] *μ refuse1

= =
refute
re.fute
AHD:[r1-fy?t] 
D.J.[r!6fju8t]
K.K.[r!6fjut]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.fut.ed,re.fut.ing,re.futes 
To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof:
֤ǼٵĻģͨ۾ݻ֤Ʒ
refute testimony.
֤
To deny the accuracy or truth of:
ʵԣϡȷԣ
refuted the results of the poll.
ѡٽʵ
?
Latin ref?3re} * see  bhau- 
 ref?3re} *μ bhau- 
?
refutability
AHD:[r1-fy?t-b1l1-t?, rfy-t-] ʣ
refutable
AHD:[r1-fy?t-bl, rfy-t-] ݴʣ
refutably
adv.ʣ
refuter
n.ʣ

= =
regard
re.gard
AHD:[r1-g?rd] 
D.J.[r!6g$8d]
K.K.[r!6g$rd]
v.ʣ
re.gard.ed,re.gard.ing,re.gards 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look at attentively; observe closely.
عۿϸ۲
To look upon or consider in a particular way:
ĳķʽ˼
I regard him as a fool.
Ұһɵ
To hold in esteem or respect:
𾴣𾴻أ
She regards her teachers highly.
Ϊʦ
To relate or refer to; concern:
롭أػ롭йأ漰
This item regards their liability.
һ漰ǵĿɿ
To take into account; consider.
ǣ˼ǽȥ
Obsolete To take care of.
 չ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To look or gaze.

To give heed; pay attention.
ģע
n.ʣ
A look or gaze.

Careful thought or attention; heed:
⣺ϸؿǻע⣻ģ
She gives little regard to her appearance.
̫ע
Respect, affection, or esteem:
𾴣ϲأ
He has high regard for your work.
ʮ־Ĺ
regards Good wishes expressing such sentiment:
 regards ʺ򣺱ףԸ
Give the family my best regards.
ףȫҸ
A particular point or aspect; respect:
棺ضĹ۵棻棺
She was lucky in that regard.
Ƿ
Basis for action; motive.
жĻ
Obsolete Appearance or aspect.
 
?
as regards
Concerning.

in regard to 
with regard to
With respect to.

?
Middle English regarden 
йӢ regarden 
from Old French regarder 
Դ ŷ regarder 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
guarder [to guard]  [of Germanic origin] * see  guard 
guarder []  [Դն] *μ guard
?
regard,esteem,admiration,respect
These nouns refer to a feeling based on perception of and a measure of approval for the worth of a person or thing.
Щָڶһ˻ļֵ϶ĸܼĸ顣
 Regard  is the least forceful and most general: 
 Regard  СõĴʣ 
Please give your parents my warmest regards.
ĸתֿףԸ
I once thought you had a kind of regard for her (George Borrow).
ǰΪЩ֮⡱ Ρޣ
 Esteem  connotes considered appraisal and positive regard: 
 Esteem  ΪǵϿɺ;أ 
The near-unanimity of esteem he enjoyed during his lifetime has by no means been sustained since  (Will Crutchfield).
ڼܵһȥȴһȥ ʿ£
 Admiration  is a feeling of keen approbation: 
 Admiration  һĸ飺 
Greatness is a spiritual condition worthy to excite love, interest, and admiration (Matthew Arnold).
ΰһֵȰƳľ񾳽硱 ޡŵ£
 Respect  implies appreciative, often deferential regard resulting from careful assessment: 
 Respect  ʾϸмҳΪĸ飺 
I have a great respect for any man who makes his own way in life (Winston Churchill).See also Synonyms at  consider 
ҶԼ·˳֮顱 ˹١𼪶μͬ consider
?
Regard  is traditionally used in the singular in the phrase in regard  (not in regards ) to. Regarding and as regards  are also standard in the sense with reference to. In the same 
sensewith respect to  is acceptable, butrespecting  is not.  Respects  is sometimes considered preferable to regards  in the sense of particulars: In some respects  (not regards ) 
the books are alike.  
Regard ͳԵʽڴ in regard У in regards ) to Regarding as regards Ҳ÷Ϊڡ ͬwith respect to ҲǿԽ
ģ respecting Ͳˡ ڱʾʱʱrespects  regards ʺϣ In some respects  regards ) the books are alike  

= =
regarding
re.gard.ing
AHD:[r1-g?rd1ng] 
D.J.[r!6g$8d!0]
K.K.[r!6g$rd!0]
prep.ʣ
In reference to; with respect to; concerning.See Usage Note at regard 
ڣڣ͡۲μ regard

= =
regardless
re.gard.less
AHD:[r1-g?rdl1s] 
D.J.[r!6g$8dl!s]
K.K.[r!6g$rdl!s]
adv.ʣ
In spite of everything; anyway:
˺Σ
continues to work regardless.
˺ؼ
adj.ݴʣ
Heedless; unmindful.
ģ˼
?
regardlessly
adv.ʣ
regardlessness
n.ʣ

= =
regime
regime Ҳ r.gime
AHD:[r3-zh?m, r1-] 
D.J.[re!69i8m, r!-]
K.K.[re69im, r!-]
n.ʣ
A form of government:
壺ʽ
a fascist regime.
˹
A government in power; administration:
ȨͳΣ
suffered under the new regime.
ͳ
A prevailing social system or pattern.
ƣͨϵͳģʽ
The period during which a particular administration or system prevails.
ͳڣضռͳελʱ
A regulated system, as of diet and exercise; a regimen.
ƶȣһйƶȣʳͶƶȣ
?
French rgime 
 rgime 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin regimen 
Դ  regimen 
from regere [to rule] * see  reg- 
Դ regere [ͳ] *μ reg- 

= =
region
re.gion
AHD:[r?jn] 
D.J.[6ri8d9*n]
K.K.[6rid9*n]
n.Abbr. reg.ʣд reg.
A large, usually continuous segment of a surface or space; area.
һģͨǱռһ֣Χ
A large, indefinite portion of the earth's surface.
һģĵһ
A specified district or territory.
ضض
An area of interest or activity; a sphere.
ȤΧΧȤķΧΧ
Ecology A part of the earth characterized by distinctive animal or plant life.
̬ѧ еĶֲΪĵĲֵ
An area of the body having natural or arbitrarily assigned boundaries:
λȻĻָķֽߵһ֣
the abdominal region.See Synonyms at area 
μ area
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin regi?}  regi?n- 
Դ  regi?}  regi?n- 
from regere [to rule] * see  reg- 
Դ regere [ͳ] *μ reg- 

= =
register
reg.is.ter
AHD:[rj1-str] 
D.J.[6red9!st*]
K.K.[6rWd9!st+]
n.Abbr. reg.ʣд reg.
A formal or official recording of items, names, or actions.
ʽ¼ٷǼǣΪʽĻٷļ¼
A book for such entries.
Ǽǲ¼Ŀ
An entry in such a record.
ļ¼Ŀ
The act of registering.
ע᣺ǼǵΪ
A device that automatically records a quantity or number.
ԶԶ¼ֵװ
Computer Science A part of the central processing unit where groups of binary digits are stored as the computer is processing them.
ѧ Ĵʱ봦д洢ݵĲ
An adjustable, grill-like device through which heated or cooled air is released into a room.
ͨװãȿڵĿɵڵĸʽװ
A state of proper alignment:
Ȼ׼ȷųһֱߵ״̬
to be in register.
Ȼ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
Exact alignment of the lines and margins on the opposite sides of a leaf.
׼ӡˢһҳֽлհױԵ׼ȷ
Proper positioning of colors in color printing.
ɫȷϣڲӡɫʵ׼ȷλ
Music 
֡ 
The range of an instrument or a voice.
ɤ
A part of such a range.
һ
A group of matched organ pipes; a stop.
˨һƥĹܷ˨˨
A variety of language used in a specific social setting:
лضᱳʹõĸԣ
speaking in an informal register; writing in a scientific register.
÷ʽݽÿѧд
v.ʣ
reg.is.tered,reg.is.ter.ing,reg.is.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enter in an official register.
¼ٷע
To enroll officially or formally, especially in order to vote or attend classes.
Ǽǣע᣺ʽٷעᣬָΪͶƱϿ
To set down in writing; record:
¼д££
It is for the historian to discover and register what actually happened(Robert Conquest)
ֺͼ·ʵ¼ʷѧҵ(޲ء˹)
To indicate on or as if on an instrument or a scale.
ָʾԶ¼ڻ߻ʾ
To give outward signs of; express:
飺¶ڵı󣻱
Her face registered surprise.
¶ȵı
To attain or achieve:
ãȡãɻﵽ
registered a new high in sales.
ﵽһµۼ¼
To cause (mail) to be officially recorded and specially handled by payment of a fee.
ҺţãʼʽصǼǲõرĴ
To adjust so as to be properly aligned.
룺ʹ׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To place or cause placement of one's name in a register.
¼ʹԼּ¼
To have one's name officially placed on a list of eligible voters.
ǼڣʹԼʽϷͶƱ˵
To enroll as a student.
ѧǼǣΪѧע
To be indicated on or as if on an instrument or a scale.
ָʾԶ¼ڻ߻ʾ
To be shown or expressed, as on the face.
¶飬¶¶ϱ
To make an impression; be recorded in the mind:
μǣӡӡԺ
The warning failed to register.
޷ӡ
To be in proper alignment.
ʵλ
?
Middle English registre 
йӢ registre 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin registrum 
Դ  registrum 
alteration of Late Latin regesta 
  regestaı仯 
from Latin [neuter pl. past participle of] regerere [to record] 
Դ   [] regerereԸȥִ [¼] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
gerere [to carry] 
gerere [] 
?
registerer
n.ʣ
registrable
AHD:[-1-str-bl] ݴʣ

= =
regret
re.gret
AHD:[r1-grt] 
D.J.[r!6gret]
K.K.[r!6grWt]
v.ʣ
re.gret.ted,re.gret.ting,re.grets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel sorry, disappointed, or distressed about.
ڣϧԡеϧʧ
To remember with a feeling of loss or sorrow; mourn.
ˣ̾ʧл˻䣻ʹϧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel regret.
ڣе
n.ʣ
A sense of loss and longing for someone or something gone.
ʹʧк˼ʧȥĳ˻ĳĸо
A feeling of disappointment or distress about something that one wishes could be different.
⣺ϣܲͬĶʧյĸо
regrets A courteous expression of regret, especially at having to decline an invitation.
 regrets źϧòرźǶԲòܾһеź
?
Middle English regretten [to lament] 
йӢ regretten [] 
from Old French regreter 
Դ ŷ regreter 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
-greter [to weep]  [perhaps of Germanic origin] 
-greter []  [Դն] 
?
regretter
n.ʣ
?
regret,sorrow,grief,anguish,woe,heartache,heartbreak
All of these nouns denote mental distress.
Щʶָϵʹࡣ
 Regret  has the broadest range,from mere disappointment to a painful sense of loss, dissatisfaction, self-reproach, or longing,as over something lost, gone, done, or left undone: 
 Regret  ĺ㣬Ӽ򵥵ʧʹʧСʧȥ뿪ɻʣδɵ¸еʹࣺ 
He had hoped that our policy of not dealing with terrorists would be an example to other countries but soon realized, to his regret, that we didn't practice what we preached.
ϣǲͿֲӴ򽻵ܳΪҵİǺܿźʶǲʵʩߡ
She looked back with regret on the pain she had caused her family.
ʹĵػعļͥʹࡣ
Sorrow  connotes sadness caused by misfortune, affliction, or loss;it can also imply contrition: 
Sorrow  ĺɲҡѻʧɵıˣҲʾںޣ 
sorrow for his women, for his kinfolk, for his children, who needed his protection, and whom he could not protect (James Baldwin).
ΪŮˡݡЩҪıֱ˵˶еˡ ղķʿ½𣩡
 Grief  is deep, acute personal sorrow,as that arising from irreplaceable loss: 
 Grief  Сĸʹ࣬ڲֲɥʧɵʹࣺ 
Grief fills the room up of my absent child,/Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me (Shakespeare).
ʧȥӵʹ/Ĵϣ߶ ɯʿǣ
 Anguish  implies agonizing, excruciating mental pain: 
 Anguish  ָܡĥ˵ľʹࣺ 
I pray that our heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement (Abraham Lincoln).
ǵϵܻɥʧ˵ʹࡱ ǲֿϣ
 Woe  is intense, often prolonged wretchedness or misery: 
 Woe  ǾҡĲһ򱯲ң 
the deep, unutterable woe/Which none save exiles feel (W.E. Aytoun).
еģԴʹ/ûбˣֻ߲ܸо (WE٣
 Heartache  most often applies to sustained private sorrow: 
 Heartache  ָͨ־õʹࣺ 
The child's devastating problems are a source of untold heartache to the parents.
ԵǸĸʹԴȪ
Heartbreak  is overwhelming grief: 
Heartbreak  Ǽȵıˣ 
Better a little chiding than a great deal of heartbreak (Shakespeare).
 ԸҪһЩҲҪıˡ ɯʿǣ

= =
regular
reg.u.lar
AHD:[rgy-lr] 
D.J.[6regj*l*]
K.K.[6rWgj*l+]
adj.Abbr. reg.ݴʣд reg.
Customary, usual, or normal:
ƽģģϰԵġͨĻģ
the train's regular schedule.
ʱ
Orderly, even, or symmetrical:
ģġȵĻԳƵģ
regular teeth.
ȳƵ
In conformity with a fixed procedure, principle, or discipline.
ԭģϹ̶򡢹ɵ
Well-ordered; methodical:
ɵģģõģģ
regular habits.
йɵϰ
Occurring at fixed intervals; periodic:
ڵģ̶ļģ׶Եģ
regular payments.See Synonyms at normal 
ڸμ normal
Occurring with normal or healthy frequency.
Ƶʵģ򽡿Ƶʷ
Having bowel movements or menstrual periods with normal or healthy frequency.
㳣ģ򽡿Ƶʵĳθ˶¾ڵ
Not varying; constant.
ģ仯ģ
Formally correct; proper.
ʵģʵ
Having the required qualifications for an occupation:
ϸģӵбҪְҵʸģ
not a regular lawyer.
һϸʦ
Informal Complete; thorough:
ʽ ȫģ׵ģ
a regular scoundrel.
ʮĶ
Informal Good; nice:
ʽ õģƵģ
a regular guy.
ļһ
Botany Having symmetrically arranged parts of similar size and shape:
ֲѧ ԳƵģƴС״ĳʶԳеĲֵģ
regular flowers.
ԳƵĻ
Grammar Conforming to the usual pattern of inflection, derivation, or word formation.
﷨ 仯ģϴβ仯ʼ
Ecclesiastical Belonging to a religious order and bound by its rules:
̻᡿ ̹ܽԼģһɲ̹Լģ
the regular clergy.
̹ܽԼְԱ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Having equal sides and equal angles. Used of polygons.
ȱߵȽǵģеȱߵȽǵġڶ
Having faces that are congruent regular polygons and congruent polyhedral angles. Used of polyhedrons.
ȫȵģÿ涼ȫκȫȶǵġڶ
Belonging to or constituting the permanent army of a nation.
ģڻ򹹳һҵĳ
n.ʣ
Ecclesiastical A member of the clergy or of a religious order.
̻᡿ ޵ʿְԱһڽ̼ĳԱ
A soldier belonging to a regular army.
ʿ
A dependable, loyal person:
ҳϵˣɿҳϵˣ
one of the party regulars.
һҳϵĵԱ
A clothing size designed for persons of average height.
һĳߴ磺ʺƽ˴·ߴ
A habitual customer.

?
Middle English reguler [living under religious rule] 
йӢ reguler [ڽƶ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin r?3ris} [according to rule] 
Դ  r?3ris} [ƶ] 
from Latin r?a [rod, rule] * see  reg- 
Դ  r?a [ľ] *μ reg- 
?
regularity
AHD:[-l2r1-t?] ʣ
regularly
adv.ʣ

= =
regulate
reg.u.late
AHD:[rgy-l3t] 
D.J.[6regj*7le!t]
K.K.[6rWgj*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
reg.u.lat.ed,reg.u.lat.ing,reg.u.lates 
To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.
ƶȣɿƻָ
To adjust to a particular specification or requirement:
ڣضĹҪ
regulate temperature.
¶
To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.
һ̨ʹ䷢ӾȷĹ
To put or maintain in order:
ֻʹ
regulate one's eating habits.
ʹʳϰй
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin r?3re}  r?gul3t- 
Դ  r?3re}  r?gul3t- 
from Latin r?a [rod, rule] * see  reg- 
Դ  r?a [ľ] *μ reg- 
?
regulative  
regulatory
AHD:[-l-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
regulation
reg.u.la.tion
AHD:[rgy-l3shn] 
D.J.[7regj*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7rWgj*6le.*n]
n.Abbr. reg.ʣд reg.
The act of regulating or the state of being regulated.
Ķ򱻹״̬
A principle, rule, or law designed to control or govern conduct.
ƶȣΪƻΪƵԭƶȻ
A governmental order having the force of law.Also called  executive order 
зЧҲ  executive order
Embryology The capacity of an embryo to continue normal development following injury to or alteration of a structure.
̥ѧ ̥ڽṹ˻֮

= =
rehearsal
re.hears.al
AHD:[r1-h?rsl] 
D.J.[r!6hT8s*l]
K.K.[r!6hPs*l]
n.ʣ
The act of practicing in preparation for a public performance.
Ϊ׼ݳϰĶ
A session of practice for a performance, as of a play.
ΪϷݳһϰ
A detailed enumeration or repetition:
ϸоٻ
a long rehearsal of his woes.
ʹϸ

= =
reign
reign
AHD:[r3n] 
D.J.[re!n]
K.K.[ren]
n.ʣ
Exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch.
ͳΣȨʩ
The period during which a monarch rules.
λڣһͳεʱ
Dominance or widespread influence:
ףռͳελĻ߹㷺Ӱ죺
the reign of reason.
ǵ׵λ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
reigned,reign.ing,reigns 
To exercise sovereign power.
ͳΣʩоȨ
To hold the title of monarch, but with limited authority.
ƾӵоͷΣȨܵ
To be predominant or prevalent:
ռͳελʢеģ
Panic reigned as the fire spread.
ʱһƬֻ
?
Middle English reigne 
йӢ reigne 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin r?m 
Դ  r?m 
from r?x  r?g- [king] * see  reg- 
Դ r?x  r?g- [] *μ reg- 

= =
rein
rein
AHD:[r3n] 
D.J.[re!n]
K.K.[ren]
n.ʣ
Often reins A long, narrow leather strap attached to each end of the bit of a bridle and used by a rider or driver to control a horse or other animal.
  reins յ˵ĳϸƤ߻߳ƥ
A means of restraint, check, or guidance.
ǣƣָơָķʽ
Often reins A means or an instrument by which power is exercised:
  reins ƵֶΣͳʹȨķʽߣ
the reins of government.
ִȨ
v.ʣ
reined,rein.ing,reins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To check or hold back by or as if by the use of reins. Often within, back,  or up.  
ƣͨͨʹסinback  up  
To restrain or control.
ƻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To control a horse, for example, with reins.
Ԧƥ
?
draw in the reins
To slow down or stop by or as if by pressure on the reins.
кʹٶȻͣס
give free rein to 
give full rein to
To release from restraints; allow to go unchecked:
ΣԼ޾ߣ
gave rein to her emotions.
ĸ
tight rein
Close control:
ܵĿƣ
kept expenses on a tight rein.
ϸĿƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French resne, reine 
Դ ŷ resne, reine 
from Vulgar Latin *retina 
Դ  *retina 
from Latin retin?e [to retain] * see  retain 
Դ  retin?e [Լ] *μ retain

= =
reinforce
reinforce Ҳ re-en.force   re.en.force
AHD:[r?1n-f?rs, -f?rs] 
D.J.[7ri8!n6f%8s, -6f*&rs]
K.K.[7ri!n6f%rs, -6fors]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.in.forced,re.in.forc.ing,re.in.forc.es 
To give more force or effectiveness to; strengthen:
ǿЧǿ
The news reinforced her hopes.
Ϣǿϣ
To strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment.
ԮԶԱװǿӵ
To strengthen by adding extra support or material.
ǿֻ֧ǿ
To increase the number or amount of; augment.
ӣӡ
Psychology 
ѧ 
To reward (an experimental subject, for example) with a reinforcer subsequent to a desired response or performance.
ǿ̼ڴﵽҪķӦֺһǿ̼Ķ
To stimulate (a response) by means of a reinforcer.
ǿ̼ǿ̼ķ̼һˣ
?
re- 
re-
inforce  variant of enforce 
inforce   enforceı
?
reinforceable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
reject
re.ject
AHD:[r1-jkt] 
D.J.[r!6d9ekt]
K.K.[r!6d9Wkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.ject.ed,re.ject.ing,re.jects 
To refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of.
ܾܾܣŻʹ
To refuse to consider or grant; deny.
ܾܾǻͬ⣻
To refuse to recognize or give affection to (a person).See Synonyms at refuse 1
ܾܾϻĳˣμ refuse1
To discard as defective or useless; throw away.
ãӵ
To spit out or vomit.
³Ż
Medicine To resist immunologically the introduction of (a transplanted organ or tissue); fail to accept as part of one's own body.
ҽѧ ų⣺ų⣨ֲٻ֯룻ûΪԼһֶ
n.ʣ
AHD:[r?jkt] 
One that has been rejected:
ܾˣ
a reject from the varsity team; a tire that is a reject.
ѧӾܾˣܾʹõ̥
?
Middle English rejecten 
йӢ rejecten 
from Latin r?e  r?iect- 
Դ  r?e  r?iect- 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [ӵ] *μ y?- 
?
rejecter  
rejector
n.ʣ
rejective
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rejoice
re.joice
AHD:[r1-jois] 
D.J.[r!6d9%!s]
K.K.[r!6d9%!s]
v.ʣ
re.joiced,re.joic.ing,re.joic.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel joyful; be delighted:
ˣеˣϲã
rejoiced at the news; rejoiced in her friend's good fortune.
ϢеˣΪѵĺ˶ϲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill with joy; gladden.
ʹˣʹ֣ʹ
?
rejoice in
To have or possess:
ӵлռУ
rejoices in a keen mind.
ӵͷ
?
Middle English rejoicen 
йӢ rejoicen 
from Old French rejoir  rejoiss- 
Դ ŷ rejoir  rejoiss- 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
joir [to be joyful]  from Vulgar Latin *gaudoe  from Latin gaud?e * see  g3u- 
joir []  Դ  *gaudoe  Դ  gaud?e *μ g3u- 
?
rejoicer
n.ʣ

= =
relate
re.late
AHD:[r1-l3t] 
D.J.[r!6le!t]
K.K.[r!6let]
v.ʣ
re.lat.ed,re.lat.ing,re.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To narrate or tell.See Synonyms at describe 
߲μ describe
To bring into or link in logical or natural association.See Synonyms at join 
ʹϵʹ߼ϵȻϵμ join
To establish or demonstrate a connection between.
չʾϵչʾ֮ϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have connection, relation, or reference:
ϵᣬϵ߹
The symbols relate to an earlier system.
Щ־ǰƶй
To have or establish a reciprocal relationship; interact:
ദлһ໥Ĺϵ໥ã
She doesn't relate well to her peers.
ܺͬ½õĹϵ
To react in response, especially favorably:
Ӧģ
I just can't relate to these new fashions.
ҲܶЩʱװ
?
Obsolete French relater 
ѷϷ relater 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin rel3s [past participle of] referre 
Դ  rel3s  [] referreĹȥִ 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
l3s [brought] * see  tel- 
l3s [] *μ tel- 
?
relatable
adj.ݴʣ
relater
n.ʣ

= =
relation
re.la.tion
AHD:[r1-l3shn] 
D.J.[r!6le!.*n]
K.K.[r!6le.*n]
n.ʣ
A logical or natural association between two or more things; relevance of one to another; connection:
ϵ֮߼Ȼϵ໥Ĺϵ
the relation between smoking and heart disease.
̺ಡ֮Ĺϵ
The connection of people by blood or marriage; kinship.
׹ϵѪԵ֮Ĺϵݹϵ
A person connected to another by blood or marriage; a relative.
ݣѪԵһˣ
The way in which one person or thing is connected with another:
ԣһ˻ͬһ˻﷢ķʽ
the relation of parent to child.
ĸԺ֮Ĺϵ
relations 
 relations 
The mutual dealings or connections of persons, groups, or nations in social, business, or diplomatic matters:
ϵˡźͼԼ֮ᡢҵ⽻е໥ϵ
international relations.
ʹϵ
Sexual intercourse.
Թϵ
Reference; regard:
οйأ
in relation to your inquiry.
йѯ
The act of telling or narrating.
߻Ķ
A narrative; an account.
££
Law The principle whereby an act done at a later date is considered to have been done on a prior date.
ɡ Чģݼڷ¼ڷ¼Դԭ

= =
relationship
re.la.tion.ship
AHD:[r1-l3shn-sh1p] 
D.J.[r!6le!.*n7.!p]
K.K.[r!6le.*n7.!p]
n.ʣ
The condition or fact of being related; connection or association.
ϵйϵʵ״̬ϵ
Connection by blood or marriage; kinship.
ϵѪԵϵݹϵ
A particular type of connection existing between people related to or having dealings with each other:
ϵ໥֮ڵĹͣ
has a close relationship with his siblings.
ֵܽнܵϵ
A romantic or sexual involvement.
ϵԹϵ

= =
relative
rel.a.tive
AHD:[rl-t1v] 
D.J.[6rel*t!v]
K.K.[6rWl*t!v]
adj.Abbr. rel.ݴʣд rel.
Having pertinence or relevance; connected or related.
ԵģԻģŵĻйϵ
Considered in comparison with something else:
ȽϵģͱȽſǵģ
the relative quiet of the suburbs.
԰
Dependent on or interconnected with something else; not absolute.See Synonyms at dependent 
Եģڻ໥ģԵĲμ dependent
Grammar Referring to or qualifying an antecedent, as the pronounwho  in the man who was on TV  or that  in the dictionary that I use.  
﷨ ϵģָʺеĴʵģھthe man who was on TVڵϵǸˣ е who  the dictionarg that I useõǱʵ е that дʵ 
Music Having the same key signature. Used of major and minor scales and keys:
֡ ǺͬģǺͬģڴףС׺
C major is the relative major of A minor.
CAСĴ
n.ʣ
One related by kinship, common origin, or marriage.
ݹϵͬԴ
Something having a relation or connection to something else.
ϵйϵϵ
Grammar A relative pronoun.
﷨ ϵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French relatif 
Դ ŷ relatif 
from Late Latin rel3ovus} 
Դ  rel3ovus} 
from Latin rel3s [past participle of] referre [to relate] * see  relate 
Դ  rel3s  [] referreĹȥִ [ʹ໥] *μ relate
?
relativeness
n.ʣ

= =
relatively
rel.a.tive.ly
AHD:[rl-t1v-l?] 
D.J.[6rel*t!vli8]
K.K.[6rWl*t!vli]
adv.Abbr. rel.ʣд rel.
In a relative manner; in comparison with something else:
ԵأԵأȽ϶Եأ
a relatively minor problem.See Usage Note at perfect 
ԽСμ perfect

= =
relativity
rel.a.tiv.i.ty
AHD:[rl-t1v1-t?] 
D.J.[7rel*6t!v!ti8]
K.K.[7rWl*6t!v!ti]
n.ʣ
The quality or state of being relative.
ԣԵʻ״̬
Philosophy Existence dependent solely on relation to a thinking mind.
ѧ ໥棺ֻͷ֮ϵĴ
A state of dependence in which the existence or significance of one entity is solely dependent on that of another.
ԣһʵĴں໥״̬
Physics 
ѧ 
Special relativity.

General relativity.


= =
relax
re.lax
AHD:[r1-l2ks] 
D.J.[r!6l#ks]
K.K.[r!6l#ks]
v.ʣ
re.laxed,re.lax.ing,re.lax.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make lax or loose:
ʹɻɳڣ
relax one's grip.
ɿĳ˵
To make less severe or strict:
ſʹϲϸ
relax a curfew.

To reduce in intensity; slacken:
иٽŵĳ̶ȣɣ
relax one's efforts.
ĳ˵Ŭ
To relieve from tension or strain:
ʹɣɽŻԼͷų
The warm bath relaxed me.
ůԡʹҷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take one's ease; rest.
ɢϢ
To become lax or loose.
ɳڣɳڻɢ
To become less severe or strict.
ſýϲϸ
To become less restrained or tense.
ɣýϲԼ򲻽
?
Middle English relaxen 
йӢ relaxen 
from Old French relaxer 
Դ ŷ relaxer 
from Latin relax3e 
Դ  relax3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
lax3e [to loosen]  from laxus [loose] * see  sl?g- 
lax3e []  Դ laxus [ɢ] *μ sl?g- 
?
relaxable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
relay
re.lay
AHD:[r?l3] 
D.J.[6ri8le!]
K.K.[6rile]
n.ʣ
An act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another.
ݣһ˵һˡһ鵽һһվһվһ·ȥĶ
Sports 
˶ 
A relay race.

A division of a relay race.
ܵķֳ
Electronics A device that responds to a small current or voltage change by activating switches or other devices in an electric circuit.
ѧ ̵ϸСĵߵѹӦڵ·𶯿ػװõװ
A crew of workers who relieve another crew; a shift.
ࣺ࣬һһ鹤ˣ
A fresh team, as of horses or dogs, to relieve weary animals in a hunt, task, or journey.
ȮڴԡеĹнƣĶľһ飬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.layed,re.lay.ing,re.lays[r?l3, r1-l3]  
To pass along by or as if by relay:
̴ֳͣشȥ
relayed the message to his boss.
Ϣ̴ֳݸϰ
To supply with fresh relays.
࣬׼棺Ծһ
Electronics To control or retransmit by means of a relay.
ѧ ƣͣü̵ƻٴ
?
Middle English relai [fresh team of dogs for a hunt] 
йӢ relai [һԹ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from relaier [to relay] 
Դ relaier [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾ֣ڡ˼] 
laier [to leave]  [of Germanic origin] * see  leip- 
laier [뿪]  [Դն] *μ leip- 

= =
release
re.lease
AHD:[r1-l?s] 
D.J.[r!6li8s]
K.K.[r!6lis]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.leased,re.leas.ing,re.leas.es 
To set free from confinement, restraint, or bondage:
⣺ơԼͷų
released the prisoners.
ͷ
To free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back; let go:
ɿ⿪ϵ赲Ķнųſ
released the balloons; released a flood of questions.
һ
To dismiss, as from a job.
ӹн
To relieve of debt or obligation.
壬ծ
To relieve of care and suffering.
ʹࣩǻʹ
To issue for performance, sale, publication, or distribution.
ݣӳΪݳַۡ
To make known or available.
׼ʹΪõ
To relinquish (a right or claim).
öɣȨҪ
n.ʣ
A deliverance or liberation, as from confinement, restraint, or suffering.
⣬ţԼʹн
An authoritative discharge, as from an obligation or from prison.
ͷţٷͷţͷų
An unfastening or letting go of something caught or held fast.
⿪ɿץסץĶɿſ
A device or catch for locking or releasing a mechanism.
ֹͣװã⿪ĳװõ豸
The act or an instance of issuing something for publication, use, or distribution.
ɣɣΪ桢ʹûַĳΪ
Something thus released:
˷еĶ
a press release.
ŷ
Law 
ɡ 
Relinquishment to another of a right, title, or claim.
öɣȨȨͷλҪһ
The document authorizing such relinquishment.
Ȩ֤飬ö֤飺ȨȨļ
?
Middle English relesen 
йӢ relesen 
from Old French relaissier 
Դ ŷ relaissier 
alteration of relacher 
 relacherı仯 
from Latin relax3e * see  relax 
Դ  relax3e *μ relax

= =
relevant
rel.e.vant
AHD:[rl-vnt] 
D.J.[6rel*v*nt]
K.K.[6rWl*v*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand.
ģͷйϵ
?
Medieval Latin relev3s  relevant- 
 relev3s  relevant- 
from Latin [present participle of] relev3re [to relieve, raise up] * see  relieve 
Դ   [] relev3reڷִ [ᣬ] *μ relieve
?
relevantly
adv.ʣ
?
relevant,pertinent,germane,material,apposite,apropos
These adjectives all describe what relates to and has a direct bearing on the matter at hand.Somethingrelevant  is connected with a subject or issue:  
ЩݴʶͷйֱӹϵĶRelevant һйصĳ£  
The scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her own research.
ǸѧҺͬ໥ͨ˽Լойص¡
Pertinent  suggests a logical, precise relevance: 
Pertinent  ζźϺ߼ȷԣ 
The professor has given the students a list of articles pertinent to the topic under discussion.
Ѿѧص
Germane  implies close kinship and appropriateness: 
Germane  ʾܵĹϵʵԣ 
He's a serious student of the issues, always inquisitive about the facts, and aggressive in their pursuit. . . . he asks questions that are germane and central to the issue (Marlin 
Fitzwater).Somethingmaterial  is not only relevant but also crucial to a matter: 
һԴѧõʵȡص⡱ ֡ѴأMaterial ݲĳйأ Ҷǹؼ
Ե 
Facts, the statement of which may reasonably be presumed likely to have such an influence on the judgment of the underwriter are called material facts (Joseph Arnould).
ٶΪпܶԱ̵жӰʵؼʵ Լɪŵ£
 Apposite  implies a striking appropriateness and pertinence: 
 Apposite  ʾž˵ʵԼԣ 
The successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images. Somethingapropos  is both to the point and opportune:  
ɹĹ׫Ĵʦ Apropos ݼ˵  
The thought may have been apropos, but I suppressed its expression out of consideration of their feelings. irrelevant 
뷨пϵģҿǵǵĸܶѹסûа irrelevant

= =
reliable
re.li.a.ble
AHD:[r1-lo-bl] 
D.J.[r!6la!*b*l]
K.K.[r!6la!*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being relied on; dependable:
ģɿģ
a reliable assistant; a reliable car.
ɿ֣õ
?
reliability  
reliableness
n.ʣ
reliably
adv.ʣ
?
reliable,dependable,responsible,trustworthy,trusty
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is worthy of reliance or trust: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡֵεġ 
a reliable source of information;
ɿϢԴ
a dependable worker;
ɿĹˣ
a responsible used-car dealer;
εľˣ
a trustworthy report;
ֵı
a trusty servant of the state. 
ɿĹҹԱ 

= =
reliance
re.li.ance
AHD:[r1-lons] 
D.J.[r!6la!*ns]
K.K.[r!6la!*ns]
n.ʣ
The act of relying or the state of being reliant.
Ķ״̬
The faith, confidence, or trust felt by one who relies; dependence.See Synonyms at trust 
еҳϣĻΣμ trust
One relied on; a mainstay.
ˣҪ

= =
relief
re.lief
AHD:[r1-l?f] 
D.J.[r!6li8f]
K.K.[r!6lif]
n.ʣ
The easing of a burden or distress, such as pain, anxiety, or oppression.
⸺ǣʹ࣬ǻѹ
Something that alleviates pain or distress.
ͼʹǵĶ
Public assistance.
ȼãԮ
Aid in time of danger, especially rescue from siege.
ѣΣʱ̵ԮرǴΧн
Release from a post or duty, as that of sentinel.
ڣְλϱ滻绻
One who releases another by taking over a post or duty.
ߣ˵ְλ
A pleasant or amusing change; a diversion.
֣˸˻ı仯ǲ
The projection of figures or forms from a flat background, as in sculpture, or such a projection that is apparent only, as in painting.
񣺴ƽ̹ıϵ͹״еͻֻڻ滭вԵͻ
A work of art featuring such projection.Also called  relievo 
Ʒ͹ΪƷҲ  relievo
Geology The variations in elevation of an area of the earth's surface.
ѧ һеĺα仯
Distinction or prominence due to contrast:
ۣԱȶͻ
The light brought the white church . . . into relief from the flat ledges(Willa Cather)
âʹðɫĽ͹ƽ̹ı̨֮ϡ(ɪ)
Law Redress awarded by a court.
ɡ ⳥ͥĲ
A payment made by the heir of a deceased tenant to a feudal lord for the privilege of succeeding to the tenant's estate.
̳Ȩȥũļ̳Ϊ̳еũĵز⽨ɵǮ
?
on relief
Receiving public assistance because of need or poverty.
ܹȼõģΪҪƶܹȼõ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from relever [to relieve] * see  relieve 
Դ relever [] *μ relieve
Senses 6, 7, and 8, French 
678  
from Italian rilievo * see  bas-relief 
Դ  rilievo *μ bas-relief

= =
relieve
re.lieve
AHD:[r1-l?v] 
D.J.[r!6li8v]
K.K.[r!6liv]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.lieved,re.liev.ing,re.lieves 
To cause a lessening or alleviation of:
¡ļ򻺺ͣ
relieved all his symptoms; relieved the tension.
֢״ͽž
To free from pain, anxiety, or distress.
ʹࣺʹ࣬ǻ߿
To furnish assistance or aid to.
ȼãΪṩԮ
To rescue from siege.
ڻΧȳ
To release (a person) from an obligation, a restriction, or a burden, as by law or legislation.
񣺽һ˵ģֹ򸺵ͨɻʽ
To free from a specified duty by providing or acting as a substitute.
ʹࣺṩ䵱ķʽضнѳ
To make less tedious, monotonous, or unpleasant:
仯ʹýϲζϲϲ˲죺
Only one small candle relieved the gloom.
ֻҪһ֧ССʵ⾳
To make prominent or effective by contrast; set off.
ʹĿͨȽϱͻӡ̵ģг
Informal To rob or deprive:
ʽ ٻӶ᣺
Pickpockets relieved him of his money.
͵Ǯ
?
relieve oneself
To urinate or defecate.
йС
?
Middle English releven 
йӢ releven 
from Old French relever 
Դ ŷ relever 
from Latin relev3e 
Դ  relev3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ˡ] 
lev3e [to raise] * see  leg wh- 
lev3e [] *μ leg wh- 
?
relievable
adj.ݴʣ
reliever
n.ʣ
?
relieve,allay,alleviate,assuage,lighten,mitigate,palliate
All of these verbs mean to make something less severe or more bearable.Torelieve  is to ease and make more endurable something causing discomfort or distress:  
Щζʹĳ±ò̫ػܡRelieve ָʹɲѹֵĳ±ÿܣ  
that misery which he strives in vain to relieve  (Henry David Thoreau). 
ͽ͵طȥѡ  άޣ 
The counselor relieved her fears  (Sir Walter Scott).
Ŀ־塱  ߶ءʩؾʿ
 Allay   suggests relief at least for the time being from what is burdensome or painful: 
 Allay  ζʱɸʹнѳ 
This music crept by me upon the waters,/Allaying both their fury and my passion/With its sweet air  (Shakespeare).
 ˮҵͷ/ƽϢǵķŭҵ/  ɯʿǣ
 Alleviate   connotes temporary lessening of distress without removal of its cause: 
 Alleviate  ָݵļѹֶûнԴ 
No arguments shall be wanting on my part that can alleviate so severe a misfortune  (Jane Austen).Toassuage  is to soothe or make milder:  
 ˵ҪصĲңҪκۡ  򡤰˹͡Assuage Ǹοʹʶȣ  
What shall assuage the unforgotten pain/And teach the unforgetful to forget?  (Dante Gabriel Rossetti).
 ʲôḧοȴʹ/޷ѧ?  ӲǶ٣
 Lighten   in this comparison signifies to make less heavy or oppressive: 
 Lighten  ֱȽָʹò̫ػ̫ѹ֣ 
Congress endeavored to lighten the taxpayers' burden.
Ŭ˰˵ĸ
Mitigate   andpalliate  connote moderating the severity, force, or intensity of something that causes suffering:  
Mitigate  palliate ζżʹԡǿȣ  
I . . . prayed to the Lord to mitigate a calamity which seemed to me past the capacity of man to remedy  (John Galt). 
 ҡϵⳡܲȵѡ  ԼӶأ 
His well-known financial ability made men turn to him in the hour of distress, as of all statesmen the most fitted to palliate it  (William E.H. Lecky).
 Ϊ֪ʹʹʱʵμһ  EHտ

= =
religion
re.lig.ion
AHD:[r1-l1jn] 
D.J.[r!6l!d9*n]
K.K.[r!6l!d9*n]
n.Abbr. rel.,relig.ʣд rel.,relig.
Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.
ڽԳȻ򱻵׵Ż
A personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship.
ڽ̣ͳΪ˸񻯺ƶȻ˵ϵ
The life or condition of a person in a religious order.
ڽڽƶµһ˵״
A set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader.
ڽھĽ̻һֵۺΪ
A cause, a principle, or an activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion.
ϣԿȻȫעķ׷һҵԭ
?
get religionʽ
To accept a higher power as a controlling influence for the good in one's life.
棺ΪеĺôһߵΪԵӰ
?
Middle English religioun 
йӢ religioun 
from Old French religion 
Դ ŷ religion 
from Latin religi?}  religi?n- 
Դ  religi?}  religi?n- 
perhaps from relig3e [to tie fast] * see  rely 
Դ relig3e [ס] *μ rely

= =
religious
re.lig.ious
AHD:[r1-l1js] 
D.J.[r!6l!d9*s]
K.K.[r!6l!d9*s]
adj.Abbr. rel.ݴʣд rel.
Having or showing belief in and reverence for God or a deity.
ϵģлʾϵۻ𾴵
Of, concerned with, or teaching religion:
ڽ̵ģ̵ģʹйصģ
a religious text.
ڽ̵
Extremely scrupulous or conscientious:
ϸĵģϽģ
religious devotion to duty.
ְصľ
n.ʣ
 religious 
A member of a monastic order, especially a nun or monk.
ɮ£޵ԺԱָû
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin religi?s 
Դ  religi?s 
from religi?} [religion] * see  religion 
Դ religi?} [ڽ] *μ religion
?
religiously
adv.ʣ
religiousness
n.ʣ
?
religious,devout,pious,sanctimonious
These adjectives mean having or showing a belief in and veneration for God or a divine power, especially as it is reflected in the practice of religion.
Щݴʶζлʾϵۻʥ𾴣رӳڽΪϡ
 Religious  implies adherence to religion in both belief and practice: 
 Religious  ʾΪڽ̵ҳϣ 
The cathedral at Chartres is an expression of the religious fervor of the Middle Ages.
ڲ˹Ĵʱڽı֮һ
To know that what is impenetrable to us really exists . . . is at the center of true religiousness.In this sense, and in this sense only, I belong to the ranks of the devoutly religious men
 (Albert Einstein).
ʶȷʵڡڽԵġϣҲֻ˵ϵŽͽС ء˹̹
 Devout  connotes ardent faith and sincere devotion: 
 Devout  ָȳҳϺϵķף 
Devout Moslems observe Ramadan punctiliously.
ϵ˹׼ʱի¡
Pious   stresses dutiful, reverential discharge of religious duties: 
Pious  ǿӵء𾴵ִڽ 
Her mother, a pious woman, attends Mass every morning. When the term refers to insincere piety, however, it is derogatory: 
ĸһϵĸŮÿ糿μ ָϵʱǱģ 
It is . . . well stored with pious frauds, and . . . much better calculated for the private advantage of the preacher than the edification of the hearers (Edmund Burke).
ٵϣҪΪ˽ߵĸ濼ǵģΪѬߡ ɵ¡ˣ
 Sanctimonious  in its modern usage always implies a hypocritical pretense of sanctity: 
 Sanctimonious  ִ÷гζαƼװʥ 
Thou conclud'st like the sanctimonious pirate, that went to sea with the Ten Commandments, but scrap'd one [Thou shalt not steal] out of the table  (Shakespeare).
ʮļװϵĺһݽǰеһ ϲˡ  ɯʿǣ

= =
reluctant
re.luc.tant
AHD:[r1-l?ktnt] 
D.J.[r!6lJkt*nt]
K.K.[r!6lJkt*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Unwilling; disinclined:
ԸģԸģ
reluctant to help.
Ըæ
Exhibiting or marked by unwillingness:
ǿģʾ־ŲԸģ
a reluctant smile.
ǿ΢Ц
Offering resistance; opposing.
ӵģ翹
?
Latin reluct3s  reluctant- [present participle of] reluct3ro [to reluct] * see  reluct 
 reluct3s  reluctant-  [] reluct3roڷִ [ͬ⣬Ը] *μ reluct
?
reluctantly
adv.ʣ

= =
rely
re.ly
AHD:[r1-lo] 
D.J.[r!6la!]
K.K.[r!6la!]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.lied,re.ly.ing,re.lies 
To be dependent for support, help, or supply:
֧šӦ
relies on her parents for tuition.
ѧڸĸ
To place or have faith or confidence:
ָԶԡĻ
relied on them to tell him the truth.
ָ
?
Middle English relien [to rally] 
йӢ relien [] 
from Old French relier 
Դ ŷ relier 
from Latin relig3e [to bind fast] 
Դ  relig3e [ذס] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ˣӦ] 
lig3e [to bind] * see  leig- 
lig3e [] *μ leig- 
?
relier
n.ʣ
?
rely,trust,depend,reckon
These verbs share the meaning to place or have faith or confidence in someone or something.
ЩʶСĳ˻ĳġ˼
 Rely  implies complete confidence: 
 Rely  ζȫģ 
You are the only woman I can rely on to be interested in her (John Galsworthy).
ΨһָȤŮˡ ԼӶ˹
 Trust   stresses confidence arising from belief that is often based on inconclusive evidence: 
 Trust  ǿû˵֤ݵģ 
We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate (Jomo Kenyatta). 
Ǳͼ໥Ρ໥ ԼĪ 
I don't think I could trust myself to speak to him about it (Booth Tarkington). 
ΪҲ̸ܶ¡ ʩ٣ 
Prepare yourself thoroughly for the performance;then trust in your talent to carry you through.
Ϊݳóֵ׼ȻԼĲŻܿ˷һѡ
Depend  implies confidence in the help or support of another: 
Depend  ζŶһ˵İ֧ģ 
Synthetic fuels should be developed;
Ӧ÷չϳȼϣ
it is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies.
ǵʯ͹Ӧж³çġ
Reckon  implies a sense of confident expectancy: 
Reckon  ָŵ 
He reckons on finding a woman as big a fool as himself (George Meredith).
һһɵŮˡ Ρ÷׵˹

= =
remain
re.main
AHD:[r1-m3n] 
D.J.[r!6me!n]
K.K.[r!6men]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.mained,re.main.ing,re.mains 
To continue in the same state or condition:
ֲ䣺ͬһ״̬
These matters remain in doubt.
ЩȻֵû
To continue to be in the same place; stay or stay behind:
£ͬһطͣ£
We are remaining at home.
ڼ
To be left after the removal, loss, passage, or destruction of others:
ߣʧ߿ٻ֮
Only a few trees remain.See Synonyms at stay 1
ֻһЩμ stay1
To be left as still to be dealt with:
дʣҪģ
A cure remains to be found.
дֵƷ
To endure or persist.
־û
?
Middle English remainen 
йӢ remainen 
from Old French remainer, remaindre 
Դ ŷ remainer, remaindre 
from Latin reman?e 
Դ  reman?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
man?e [to remain] * see  men- 3
man?e [] *μ men- 3

= =
remainder
re.main.der
AHD:[r1-m3ndr] 
D.J.[r!6me!nd*]
K.K.[r!6mend+]
n.ʣ
Something left over after other parts have been taken away.
ʣ࣬ߣֱ֮Ķ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The number left over when one integer is divided by another. The remainder plus the product of the quotient times the divisor equals the dividend.
Գ̺֮ͳĻڱ
The number obtained when one number is subtracted from another; the difference.
һȥһõֵ
Law An estate in land that is conveyed only after the termination of a preceding estate created at the same time.
ɡ ʣȨȨͬʱǰزֹ֮תõĵز
A book that remains with a publisher after sales have fallen off, usually sold at a reduced price.
Ĵ飺½֮Ȼڳе飬ͨ۳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.main.dered,re.main.der.ing,re.main.ders 
To dispose of as a remainder.
Կ鴦
?
Middle English [second party's right of ownership] 
йӢ [ڶȨ] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from remeindre [to remain] 
Դ remeindre [ʣ] 
variant of Old French remaindre, remainer * see  remain 
 ŷ remaindreı, remainer *μ remain
?
remainder,rest,balance,residue,residuum,remnant,leavings,remains
These nouns are compared as they denote what is left after a part has been used or subtracted.
ЩָһֱõȥµĶʱͨ໥Ƚϡ
 Remainder   andrest,  used interchangeably, are the least specific: 
 Remainder  rest ໥ã Ĵʣ 
ate some of the candy and gave the remainder (or rest ) away; 
һЩȻʣµĸ rest )  
will spend the remainder (or rest ) of the day relaxing. 
Ҫɵضȹһʣµʱ⣨ rest )  
Balance,  which often specifically refers to an amount of money left in a bank account after withdrawals and to an unpaid amount due on a charge account,in its general sense is 
synonymous withremainder  and rest :  
Balance  ָлͷȡǮʣĲӦշʺŵǮϺremainder  rest ͬʣ  
A few discriminating listeners heard the flaws in the performance;
һЩзֱݳе覴ã
the balance of the audience cheered.
Ĺڻ 
Residue   andresiduum  refer especially to what is left after something has undergone dissolution, depletion, or diminution:  
Residue  residuum ָĳﾭܽ⡢Ļ֮ʣµĶ  
The residue of the conquered people fled (Daniel Defoe). 
ʣ඼ˡ Ѹ 
After elimination of all verbiage, this fact was the only residuum (John Lothrop Motley).
޳е׸֮ʣµľֻʵˡ Լ˹³ա
 Remnant  denotes a small piece or quantity remaining after the major part has been used: 
 Remnant  ָҪֱõ֮СƬٵ 
The sum exceeded the remnant of his savings (Samuel Butler). 
ĿʣĻ Ѷգ 
I saw his brindled cow feeding on fish remnants  (Herman Melville).
ҿ ιİţ  ÷ά
 Leavings  are the culls remaining after what is valuable has been taken away: 
 Leavings  ָмֵĶ֮ʣµƷ 
The untouched leavings from the banquet made a fine meal for the kitchen staff. Althoughremains  often specifically refers to a corpse, it also applies to remnants, fragments, and relics, 
as of times past: 
δĲȳ˳Ա͡ Ȼremains ָһʬ壬 ͬʱҲָȥµĲƬż 
fossil remains;
ʯż
remains of an ancient Greek temple;
ϣż
dispose of the remains of dinner. 
Ĳм 

= =
remains
re.mains
AHD:[r1-m3nz] 
D.J.[r!6me!nz]
K.K.[r!6menz]
pl.n.ʣ
All that is left after other parts have been taken away, used up, or destroyed.See Synonyms at remainder 
ʣֱߣùƻ֮жμ remainder
A corpse.
һʬ
The unpublished writings of a deceased author.
Ÿ壺Ѿȥ˵һλҵûгƷ
Ancient ruins or fossils.
ŴĲмʯ

= =
remark
re.mark
AHD:[r1-m?rk] 
D.J.[r!6m$8k]
K.K.[r!6m$rk]
v.ʣ
re.marked,re.mark.ing,re.marks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express briefly and casually as a comment.
ۣΪ۶˵
To take notice of; observe.See Synonyms at see 1
죻μ see1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a comment or an observation:
ۻ۲죺
remarked on her good taste.
õƷζ
n.ʣ
The act of noticing or observing:
ע⣺ע򿴵Ķ
a place worthy of remark.
ֵעĵط
A casual or brief expression of opinion; a comment.See Synonyms at comment 
ۣļ̻ı۲μ comment
?
Alteration  influenced by mark 1
   mark1Ӱ 
of French remarquer 
  remarquerı仯 
Old French re- [re-] 
ŷ re- [ǰ׺re-] 
Old French marquer [to mark]  ultimately from merc [sign]  from Old Norse merki [mark] * see  merg- 
ŷ marquer []  Դ merc [Ǻ]  Դ ˹ά merki [] *μ merg- 
?
remarker
n.ʣ

= =
remarkable
re.mark.a.ble
AHD:[r1-m?rk-bl] 
D.J.[r!6m$8k*b*l]
K.K.[r!6m$rk*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Worthy of notice.
ֵע
Attracting notice as being unusual or extraordinary.See Synonyms at noticeable 
׿ԽģѰڶעĲμ noticeable
?
remarkableness
n.ʣ
remarkably
adv.ʣ

= =
remedy
rem.e.dy
AHD:[rm1-d?] 
D.J.[6rem!di8]
K.K.[6rWm!di]
n.ʣ
 rem.e.dies 
Something, such as medicine or therapy, that relieves pain, cures disease, or corrects a disorder.
ҩƣʹ࣬ƼųҵĶҩƷ
Something that corrects an evil, a fault, or an error.
Ȱ취а񣬹ߴ
Law A legal order of preventing or redressing a wrong or enforcing a right.
ɡ ɲȰ취ֹ߽ǿһ
The allowance by a mint for deviation from the standard weight or quality of coins.
ҳƫӲҵı׼Χ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rem.e.died,rem.e.dy.ing,rem.e.dies 
To relieve or cure (a disease or disorder).
ң
To set right; remove, rectify, or counteract.See Synonyms at correct 
ȥμ correct
See Synonyms at cure 
μ cure
?
Middle English remedie 
йӢ remedie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin remedium 
Դ  remedium 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
med?o} [to heal] * see  med- 
med?o} [] *μ med- 

= =
remember
re.mem.ber
AHD:[r1-mmbr] 
D.J.[r!6memb*]
K.K.[r!6mWmb+]
v.ʣ
re.mem.bered,re.mem.ber.ing,re.mem.bers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To recall to the mind; think of again.
ǵãٴ
To recall to the mind with effort:
ŬŬػ
finally remembered the address.
Ǹַ
To retain in the memory:
ڼ
Remember your appointment.
Լ
To keep (someone) in mind as worthy of consideration or recognition.
μǣѣĳˣֵ𾴻õ˼
To reward with a gift or tip.
ͣ͸С
To give greetings from:
ףʺ
Remember me to your family.
ļʺ
Engineering To return to (an original shape or form) after being deformed or altered.
ѧ ָԭ״ڱλı֮صԭ״̬
Electronics To carry out (a programmed or preset activity).
ѧ ʩУִУƺõĻԤĻ
Archaic To remind.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or use the power of memory.
룺лʹü
?
Middle English remembren 
йӢ remembren 
from Old French remembrer 
Դ ŷ remembrer 
from Latin rememor3o} [to remember again] 
Դ  rememor3o} [ٴμס] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
memor [mindful] * see  (s)mer- 1
memor [ģע] *μ (s)mer- 1
?
rememberability
n.ʣ
rememberable
adj.ݴʣ
rememberer
n.ʣ
?
remember,bethink,recall,recollect
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring an image or a thought back to the mind: 
Щʹ˼ǡһ뷨 
can't remember his name;
ǲ
bethought herself of her responsibilities;
ԼΣ
recalling her kindness;
ƣ
recollect how the accident happened. forget 
¹η forget

= =
remind
re.mind
AHD:[r1-mond] 
D.J.[r!6ma!nd]
K.K.[r!6ma!nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.mind.ed,re.mind.ing,re.minds 
To cause to remember; put in mind:
ʹʹ
must remind him to call; reminded her of college days.
Ŵ绰ʹ˴ѧ
?
reminder
n.ʣ

= =
remnant
rem.nant
AHD:[rmnnt] 
D.J.[6remn*nt]
K.K.[6rWmn*nt]
n.ʣ
Something left over; a remainder.
ģĶʣ
A leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been used or sold.
߽ϣಿֱõ֮ĲƬ
A surviving trace or vestige:
ĺۼ߲ࣺ
a remnant of his past glory.See Synonyms at remainder 
ҫŲμ remainder
Often remnants A small surviving group of people.
  remnants һС
?
Middle English remanant, remnant 
йӢ remanant, remnant 
from Old French remanant [from present participle of] remaindre [to remain] * see  remain 
Դ ŷ remanant  [] Դremaindreڷִ [] *μ remain

= =
remote
re.mote
AHD:[r1-m?t] 
D.J.[r!6m*&t]
K.K.[r!6mot]
adj.ݴʣ
re.mot.er,re.mot.est 
Located far away; distant in space.
ԶģںԶģԶ
Hidden away; secluded:
ƫƧģ˼ģģӵģ
a remote hamlet.
ƫԶĴ
Distant in time:
ԶģʱԶģ
the remote past.See Synonyms at distant 
ԶĹȥμ distant
Faint; slight:
΢ģ΢ģ
a remote possibility; had not the remotest interest.
΢Ŀԣ˿Ȥ
Far removed in connection or relevance:
йģϵϵԶģ
a cause remote from everyday concerns.
Ѱ֮
Distantly related by blood or marriage:
Զ׵ģѪԵкԶĹϵģ
a remote cousin.
Զ
Distant in manner; aloof.
䵭ģԶģ̬Զģ¸ߵ
Operating or controlled from a distance:
ңصģԶ֮лңصģ
remote sensors.
ңش
Computer Science Of, relating to, or being a computer device or system situated at some distance from a central computer and communicating with it often by means of cables.
ѧ ңԶģԶ̵ģڡڻΪһ벢ͨ½ļ豸ϵͳ
n.ʣ
A radio or television broadcast originating from a point outside a studio.
ʵĿݲ֮ĵص㴫͵Ĺ㲥ӽĿ
Remote control.
Զ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French remot 
Դ ŷ remot 
from Latin rem?s [past participle of] remov?re [to remove] * see  remove 
Դ  rem?s  [] remov?reĹȥִ [] *μ remove
?
remotely
adv.ʣ
remoteness
n.ʣ

= =
removal
re.mov.al
AHD:[r1-m?vl] 
D.J.[r!6mu8v*l]
K.K.[r!6muv*l]
n.ʣ
The act of removing.
ƶƶĶ
The fact of being removed.
ƶƶʵ
Relocation, as of a residence or business.
Ǩƣ°ãסլİǨ
Dismissal, as from office.
翪ְ

= =
remove
re.move
AHD:[r1-m?v] 
D.J.[r!6mu8v]
K.K.[r!6muv]
v.ʣ
re.moved,re.mov.ing,re.moves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move from a place or position occupied:
ƶռеĵطλŲ
removed the dishes from the table.
Ӵ
To transfer or convey from one place to another:
ǨƣһطתƵһط
removed the family to the West Coast.
ѼǨƵ
To take off:
ȡ£
removed her jewelry.
ȡ
To take away; withdraw:
ߣأ
removed his name from consideration.
ųڿǵķΧ֮
To do away with; eliminate:
ų
remove a stain.
ۼϴ
To dismiss from office.
ְ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change one's place of residence or business; move:
Ǩıסլĵص㣻ң
In 1751, I removed from the country to the town(David Hume)
1751Ҵ°ᵽϡ(άķ)
To go away; depart.
߿뿪
To be removable:
ɶģƶģ
paint that removes with water.
ˮߵ
n.ʣ
The act of removing; removal.
ƶƶĶƶ
Distance or degree of separation or remoteness:
ֿࣺңԶľ̶ȣ
to spill, though at a safe remove, the blood of brave men(Anthony Burgess)
ȥΪʿѪǸȫļࡱ(ᡤ˹)
?
Middle English removen 
йӢ removen 
from Old French remouvoir 
Դ ŷ remouvoir 
from Latin remov?e 
Դ  remov?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-] 
mov?e [to move] * see  move 
mov?e [] *μ move
?
remover
n.ʣ

= =
renaissance
ren.ais.sance
AHD:[rn1-s?ns, -z?ns, rn1-s?ns, -z?ns, r1-n3sns] 
D.J.[7ren!6s$8ns, -6z$8ns, 6ren!7s$8ns, -7z$8ns, r!6ne!s*ns]
K.K.[7rWn!6s$ns, -6z$ns, 6rWn!7s$ns, -7z$ns, r!6nes*ns]
n.ʣ
A rebirth or revival.
գ򸴻
Renaissance 
 Renaissance 
The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe.
ոˣŵѧѧʶ帴ˣԴ14͵ӵŷ
The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
ոʱڣԼ14͵16͵ĸʱڣ־Ŵ͵ִʱڵĹ
Often Renaissance 
  Renaissance 
A revival of intellectual or artistic achievement and vigor:
ˣĻɾͻĸˣ
the Celtic Renaissance.
Ļĸ
The period of such a revival.
ʱڣĸʱ
adj.ݴʣ 
Renaissance
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Renaissance or its artistic and intellectual works and styles.
ոˣո˻ոʱڵѧƷص
Of or being the neoclassic style of architecture and decoration that originated in Italy in the 15th century.
¹ŵ彨װηģԴ15¹ŵ彨װεķ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from renaistre [to be born again] 
Դ renaistre [ٴε] 
from Vulgar Latin *ren3e 
Դ  *ren3e 
from Latin ren3o} 
Դ  ren3o} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-֣١] 
n3o} [to be born] * see  gen- 
n3o} [] *μ gen- 
?
renaissance
ren.ais.sance
AHD:[rn1-s?ns, -z?ns, rn1-s?ns, -z?ns, r1-n3sns] 
D.J.[7ren!6s$8ns, -6z$8ns, 6ren!7s$8ns, -7z$8ns, r!6ne!s*ns]
K.K.[7rWn!6s$ns, -6z$ns, 6rWn!7s$ns, -7z$ns, r!6nes*ns]
n.ʣ
A rebirth or revival.
գ򸴻
Renaissance 
 Renaissance 
The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe.
ոˣŵѧѧʶ帴ˣԴ14͵ӵŷ
The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
ոʱڣԼ14͵16͵ĸʱڣ־Ŵ͵ִʱڵĹ
Often Renaissance 
  Renaissance 
A revival of intellectual or artistic achievement and vigor:
ˣĻɾͻĸˣ
the Celtic Renaissance.
Ļĸ
The period of such a revival.
ʱڣĸʱ
adj.ݴʣ 
Renaissance
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Renaissance or its artistic and intellectual works and styles.
ոˣո˻ոʱڵѧƷص
Of or being the neoclassic style of architecture and decoration that originated in Italy in the 15th century.
¹ŵ彨װηģԴ15¹ŵ彨װεķ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from renaistre [to be born again] 
Դ renaistre [ٴε] 
from Vulgar Latin *ren3e 
Դ  *ren3e 
from Latin ren3o} 
Դ  ren3o} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺re-֣١] 
n3o} [to be born] * see  gen- 
n3o} [] *μ gen- 

= =
render
ren.der
AHD:[rndr] 
D.J.[6rend*]
K.K.[6rWnd+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ren.dered,ren.der.ing,ren.ders 
To submit or present, as for consideration, approval, or payment:
ʵݣΪǡ֧ͬȷʱ
render a bill.
˵
To give or make available; provide:
裺ʹɻãṩ
render assistance.
Ԯ
To give what is due or owed:
ʾ赽ڻǷĶ
render thanks; rendered homage.
ʾлԾ
To give in return or retribution:
ԣԣԻر򱨸裺
He had to render an apology for his rudeness.
òĴ³Ǹ
To surrender or relinquish; yield.
ͶͶ򽻳
To represent in verbal form; depict:
дʽ֣棺
Joyce has attempted . . . to render . . . what our participation in life is like(Edmund Wilson)
˹ͼǲӡ(ɡѷ)
To represent in a drawing or painting, especially in perspective.
֣ͼ滭ָ֣͸ӻ
To perform an interpretation of (a musical piece, for example).
࣬ڹͣԣƷ
To express in another language or form; translate.
룺һԻʽб
To deliver or pronounce formally:
ʽʽؽ
The jury has rendered its verdict.
Ѿ˲þ
To cause to become; make:
ʹΪʹΪƳɣ
The news rendered her speechless.
ϢʹĬĬ
To reduce, convert, or melt down (fat) by heating.
۽⣬ͨȼ١תۻ֬
To coat (brick, for example) with plaster or cement.
ĨҴףڣשͷͿҽˮ
n.ʣ
A payment in kind, services, or cash from a tenant to a feudal lord.
ũʵۻֽ⽨֧
?
Middle English rendren 
йӢ rendren 
from Old French rendre [to give back] 
Դ ŷ rendre [] 
from Vulgar Latin *rendere 
Դ  *rendere 
alteration of Latin reddere  influenced by pr?e [to grasp] 
  reddereı仯   pr? [ץס] 
red-, re- [re-] 
red-, re- [ظ] 
dare [to give] * see  d?- 
dare [] *μ d?- 
?
renderable
adj.ݴʣ
renderer
n.ʣ

= =
renew
re.new
AHD:[r1-n?, -ny?] 
D.J.[r!6nu8, -6nju8]
K.K.[r!6nu, -6nju]
v.ʣ
re.newed,re.new.ing,re.news 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make new or as if new again; restore:
ʹ£ʹƺʹٴα£޸
renewed the antique chair.
޸ǰѾʽ
To take up again; resume:
¿ʼ
renew an old friendship; renewed the argument.
ꣻ¿ʼ
To repeat so as to reaffirm:
ظԱٴ֤ʵ
renew a promise.
ŵ
To regain or restore the physical or mental vigor of; revive:
ʹָµõָԭ
I renewed my spirits in the country air.
Ŀһָ˾
To arrange for the extension of:
չڣ
renew a contract; renew a magazine subscription.
׼ͬչڣ־
To arrange to extend the loan of:
裺ӳĽڣ
renewed the library books before they were overdue.
ͼݵ鵽ǰ
To replenish:
䣺
renewed the water in the humidifier.
ʪעˮ
To bring into being again; reestablish.
ʹ֣ؽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become new again.

To start over.
¿ʼ
?
Middle English renewen 
йӢ renewen 
re- [re-] 
re- [] 
newen [to renew]  from new [new] * see  new 
newen []  Դ new [µ] *μ new
?
renewer
n.ʣ

= =
rent
rent 3
AHD:[rnt] 
D.J.[rent]
K.K.[rWnt]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
A parent. Often used in the plural:had to stay home with the rents.  
ĸף˫ףĸסò븸ĸڼ  
?
Short for parent
Short for parent
?
When young people talk about theirrents,  that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. 
The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may 
be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for parents that have gained wide currency rents  and parental units.  Both expressions 
demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod  for body or rad  for radical, that 
result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents  is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za,  pizza. The desire to coin new ways of referring to 
things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich  for punch. Parental units  falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social 
science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents  and parental units  also shows that all available styles and 
levels of language can be grist for slang's millso long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 
̸ǵrents ĸʱʹ϶ǵĸĸе˷ܣȴʹһʷѧҺܸȤٵRentsٵһɫĵ䷶һɫ
ǲϴӱʻʾͨΪͨĸᱻΪͨĻٵв"ĸ"Ĵﲢձʹé rents  parental units 
ٵòͬѰĻԵԹȡϵӱȻʡԷضڲٵʻ㣬 bod ָbody rad ָradical rents ȴʡض
ںĲ֣ǳʻ za "pizza"ָ´Ҳʹٵ׸ knuckle sandwich ָ"punchȭ" Parental units Ҳ
׸ķΧߵлԼѧΪڹߺͿѧǵȴĴݡ rents  parental units ЩٵĳҲ
еȫˮƽٵ油䩤ֻҪΪǲġȤĻߴ 
?
rent
rent 1
AHD:[rnt] 
D.J.[rent]
K.K.[rWnt]
n.ʣ
Payment, usually of an amount fixed by contract, made by a tenant at specified intervals in return for the right to occupy or use the property of another.
ͨںͬȷġ⻧ÿһʱɵǮΪռݻʹһ˵ĲƲȨĻر
A similar payment made for the use of a facility, equipment, or service provided by another.
ѣһʹṩʩ豸֧ƵĿ
The return derived from cultivated or improved land after deduction of all production costs.
棺ڿ۳ȫ֮Ӹػõ
The revenue yielded by a piece of land in excess of that yielded by the poorest or least favorably located land under equal market conditions.Also called  In this sense, also called 
economic rent 
ز棺ȵгĳһƬõĳӻλýϲصҲ  ڴҲɳ economic rent
v.ʣ
rent.ed,rent.ing,rents 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To obtain occupancy or use of (another's property) in return for regular payments.
裺Զ֧ۿȡöԣ˲ƲռסȨʹȨ
To grant temporary occupancy or use of (one's own property or a service) in return for regular payments:
ʱ裺ΪȡڵǮṩԼĲƲ񣩵ʱռݻʹȨ
rents out TV sets.
ӻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be for rent:
ã
The cottage rents for $200 a month.
Сÿ¶
?
for rent
Available for use or service in return for payment.
ģΪȡǮɹʹû
?
Middle English rente 
йӢ rente 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *rendita [from feminine past participle of] .rendere [to yield, return] * see  render 
Դ  *rendita  [] ԴԷrendereԹȥִ [ر] *μ render
?
rentability
n.ʣ
rentable
adj.ݴʣ
?
rent
rent 2
AHD:[rnt] 
D.J.[rent]
K.K.[rWnt]
v.ʣ
A past tense and a past participle of rend 
 rendĹȥʽ͹ȥִ
n.ʣ
An opening made by rending; a rip.
ѷ죺˺γɵĿڣѴ
A breach of relations between persons or groups; a rift.
ѣ˻֮Ĺϵһ־ѣѺ

= =
repair
repair 1
AHD:[r1-par] 
D.J.[r!6pe*]
K.K.[r!6pWr]
v.ʣ
re.paired,re.pair.ing,re.pairs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To restore to sound condition after damage or injury; fix:
𺦻˺ʹָ״̬
repaired the broken watch.
ˤֱ
To set right; remedy:
ʹָ
repair an oversight.

To renew or revitalize.
ָʹʹָԪ
To make up for or compensate for (a loss or wrong, for example).
ֲ⳥ʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make repairs.
޸
n.Abbr. rep.ʣд rep.
The work, act, or process of repairing.
޲޲ĹΪ
An instance of repairing.

General condition after use or repairing:
ά״̬ʹû
in good repair.
ά״
Something that has been repaired.
Ķ
?
Middle English reparen, repairen 
йӢ reparen, repairen 
from Old French reparer 
Դ ŷ reparer 
from Latin repar3e 
Դ  repar3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺] 
par3e [to prepare, put in order] * see  per- 1
par3e [׼ʹ] *μ per- 1
?
repairability
n.ʣ
repairable
adj.ݴʣ
repairably
adv.ʣ
repairer
n.ʣ
?
repair
repair 2
AHD:[r1-par] 
D.J.[r!6pe*]
K.K.[r!6pWr]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.paired,re.pair.ing,re.pairs 
To betake oneself; go:
ʹԼǰȥ
repair to the dining room.
ȥ
To go frequently or habitually:
ȥػϰԵȥ
repairs to the restaurant every week.
ÿڳȥ
n.ʣ
An act of going or sojourning:
ǰǰΪ
our annual repair to the mountains.
ÿǰɽ
A place to which one goes frequently or habitually; a haunt.
ȥ֮ĳ˾ϰȥĵطȥĵط
?
Middle English repairen [to return] 
йӢ repairen [] 
from Old French repairier 
Դ ŷ repairier 
from Late Latin repatri3e [to return to one's country] * see  repatriate 
Դ  repatri3e [صԼĹ] *μ repatriate

= =
repay
re.pay
AHD:[r1-p3] 
D.J.[r!6pe!]
K.K.[r!6pe]
v.ʣ
re.paid[-p3d] re.pay.ing,re.pays 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pay back:

repaid a debt.
ծ
To give back, either in return or in compensation:
ñ򲹳ķʽأ
repay kindness with kindness.
Զ
To make a return or compensation for:
رر򲹳
a company that repays hard work with bonuses.
Ŭ轱Ĺ˾
To make or do in return:
ظ
repay a call.
ص绰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make repayment or requital.

?
repayable
adj.ݴʣ
repayment
n.ʣ

= =
repeat
re.peat
AHD:[r1-p?t] 
D.J.[r!6pi8t]
K.K.[r!6pit]
v.ʣ
re.peat.ed,re.peat.ing,re.peats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To say again:
ظ
repeat a question.
ظһ
To utter in duplication of another's utterance.
˵ظһ˵˵
To recite from memory.

To tell to another.
ѡȥѡԱ˵
To do, experience, or produce again:
죺ٴ죺
repeat past successes.
ػȥĳɹ
To express (oneself) in the same way or words:
ͬķʽԼ
repeats himself constantly.
ʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To do or say something again.
˵
To commit the fraudulent offense of voting more than once in a single election.
ظͶƱһѡΥԵضһͶƱ
n.Abbr. rpt.ʣд rpt.
An act of repeating.
ظظΪ
Something repeated:
ظ
a repeat of a television program.
ӽĿز
Music 
֡ 
A passage or section that is repeated.
ڣһλһ
A sign usually consisting of two vertical dots, indicating a passage to be repeated.
ǺţֱͨĸɵļǺţָʾӦظĽڶ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being something that repeats or is repeated:
ظģģڡڻΪظظģ
a repeat offender; a repeat performance of the play.
߷Ϸ
?
Middle English repeten 
йӢ repeten 
from Old French repeter 
Դ ŷ repeter 
from Latin repetere [to seek again] 
Դ  repetere [ٴѰ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ£ظǰ׺] 
petere [to seek] * see  pet- 
petere [Ѱ] *μ pet- 
?
repeatability
n.ʣ
repeatable
adj.ݴʣ
?
repeat,iterate,reiterate,restate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to state again: 
˶ʹе˼ǡٴγ 
repeated the warning;
ظ棻
iterate a demand;
Ҫ
reiterating a question;
һ⣻
restated the obvious. 
˵һԶ׼ 

= =
repeatedly
re.peat.ed.ly
AHD:[r1-p?t1d-l?] 
D.J.[r!6pi8t!dli8]
K.K.[r!6pit!dli]
adv.ʣ
More than once; again and again.
һ٣

= =
repel
re.pel
AHD:[r1-pl] 
D.J.[r!6pel]
K.K.[r!6pWl]
v.ʣ
re.pelled,re.pel.ling,re.pels 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ward off or keep away; drive back:
ˣ˻ϻأ
repel insects.

To offer resistance to; fight against:
ƣ
repel an invasion.

To refuse to accept; reject:
ܾܣܾ
a company that was trying to repel a hostile takeover.
ͼܾĳһеĽӹܵһҹ˾
To turn away from; spurn.
ܿ
To cause aversion or distaste in:
ʹʹУ
Her rudeness repels everyone.See Synonyms at disgust See Usage Note at repulse 
Ĵ³ʹÿ˶ܷвμ disgustμ repulse
To be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixing with:
ַԡƣջ롭ڣ
Oil repels water.
ˮ
Physics To present an opposing force to; push back or away by a force:
ѧ ų⣺ʾ෴ƻػƿ
Electric charges of the same sign repel one another.
ͬĵ֮以ų
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To offer a resistant force to something.
໥ų
To cause aversion or distaste:
ʹ˷Уʹ
behavior that repels.
ʹ˷еľֹ
?
Middle English repellen 
йӢ repellen 
from Old French repeller 
Դ ŷ repeller 
from Latin repellere 
Դ  repellere 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺] 
pellere [to drive] * see  pel- 5
pellere [] *μ pel- 5
?
repeller
n.ʣ

= =
repent
repent 1
AHD:[r1-pnt] 
D.J.[r!6pent]
K.K.[r!6pWnt]
v.ʣ
re.pent.ed,re.pent.ing,re.pents 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel remorse, contrition, or self-reproach for what one has done or failed to do; be contrite.
ڣĻûɵ¸еںޡǸλ𣻻ڹ
To feel such regret for past conduct as to change one's mind regarding it:
򣺶ԹȥΪеڸıԼԴ˵Ŀ
repented of intemperate behavior.
Թľֹеû
To make a change for the better as a result of remorse or contrition for one's sins.
ڸģΪԼж
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel regret or self-reproach for:
ڣԡеڻ
repent one's sins.
Լ
To cause to feel remorse or regret.
ʹʹ
?
Middle English repenten 
йӢ repenten 
from Old French repentir 
Դ ŷ repentir 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺] 
pentir [to be sorry]  from Vulgar Latin *paenitoe  from Latin paenit?e 
pentir [е]  Դ  *paenitoe  Դ  paenit?e 
?
repenter
n.ʣ
?
repent
repent 2
AHD:[r?pnt] 
D.J.[6ri8p*nt]
K.K.[6rip*nt]
adj.Biology ݴʣѧ 
Creeping along the ground; prostrate.
ģе
?
Latin r??ns}  r?pent- [present participle of] r?pere [to creep] 
 r??ns}  r?pent-  [] r?pereڷִ [] 

= =
repertoire
rep.er.toire
AHD:[rpr-tw?r] 
D.J.[6rep*7tw$8]
K.K.[6rWp+7tw$r]
n.ʣ
The stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces that a player or company is prepared to perform.
ȫĿĳһԱʱ׼ݵȫϷ硢硢Ʒ
The range or number of skills, aptitudes, or special accomplishments of a particular person or group.
ȫ죺ĳ˻ĳһϵмաܻĳɾ
?
French rpertoire 
 rpertoire 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin repert?m * see  repertory 
Դ  repert?m *μ repertory

= =
repetition
rep.e.ti.tion
AHD:[rp1-t1shn] 
D.J.[7rep!6t!.*n]
K.K.[7rWp!6t!.*n]
n.Abbr. rep.ʣд rep.
The act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated.
ظظظΪ̻
A recitation or recital, especially of prepared or memorized material.
УлУָѾ׼õĻסĲ
?
Middle English repeticioun 
йӢ repeticioun 
from Old French repeticion 
Դ ŷ repeticion 
from Latin repeto?}  repetoti?n- 
Դ  repeto?}  repetoti?n- 
from repetos [past participle of] repetere [to repeat] * see  repeat 
Դ repetos  [] repetereĹȥִ [ظ] *μ repeat
?
repetitional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
replace
re.place
AHD:[r1-pl3s] 
D.J.[r!6ple!s]
K.K.[r!6ples]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.placed,re.plac.ing,re.plac.es д repl.
To put back into a former position or place.
ѡŻأѡŻԭȵλûط
To take or fill the place of.
ȡȡ䡭λã
To be or provide a substitute for.
ṩƷΪṩԡ
To pay back or return; refund.
黹˻
?
replaceable
adj.ݴʣ
replacer
n.ʣ
?
replace,supplant,supersede
These verbs are compared as they mean to turn someone or something out and place another in his, her, or its stead.Toreplace  is to be or furnish an equivalent or a substitute in the 
place of another, especially another that has been lost, depleted, worn out, or discharged: 
Щָĳ˻ĳ˻߲˻ʱ߿ɱԡReplace ָΪṩ˻˵滻 ǶѾʧ
ľý߻򱻴ˣ 
A conspiracy was carefully engineered to replace the Directory by three Consuls (H.G. Wells). 
ϸĲ߻ıִȡ (H.G,˹ 
I succeed him [Benjamin Franklin, as envoy to France] ; no one could replace him  (Thomas Jefferson).
ҽ۱֣Ϊʹ ûܹȡ  ˹ܸѷ
 Supplant  often suggests the use of intrigue or underhanded tactics to take another's place: 
 Supplant  ָͨıƻ򱰱ɵֶȡ˵λã 
The rivaling poor Jones, and supplanting him in her affections, added another spur to his pursuit (Henry Fielding).The term does not, however, invariably have this connotation: 
ԿĿ˹ԼӰȡλõľٶһ̼׷ Ѷ͡Ȼﲢһɲֻ壺 
The steam engine began to supplant the muscular power of men and animals (James Harvey Robinson).Tosupersede  is to replace one person or thing by another held to be 
superior, more valuable or useful, or less antiquated:  
ʼȡ˺ͶͶ ղķʿάޱѷSupersede ָһΪ㡢мֵû߸˻ĳ˻ĳ  
In our island the Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech (Macaulay). 
ǵĵϹϵĸǶƺԶȡ  
Each of us carries his own life-forman indeterminable form which cannot be superseded by any other (Carl Jung).
ÿ˶Լʽ-һ޷ܱκһַʽȡķʽ ٸ

= =
replacement
re.place.ment
AHD:[r1-pl3smnt] 
D.J.[r!6ple!sm*nt]
K.K.[r!6plesm*nt]
n.Abbr. repl.ʣд repl.
The act or process of replacing or of being replaced; substitution.
棺򱻴Ϊ̣滻
One that replaces, especially a person assigned to a vacant military position.
ߣˣָɵӿȱλõ

= =
reply
re.ply
AHD:[r1-plo] 
D.J.[r!6pla!]
K.K.[r!6pla!]
v.ʣ
re.plied,re.ply.ing,re.plies 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give an answer in speech or writing.
شдش
To respond by an action or a gesture.
𸴣ö
To echo.

To return gunfire or an attack:
ػػڻ
The big guns replied.
ڻ
Law To respond to a defendant's plea.
ɡ ԭԱ棩磺ԱĿд
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To say or give as an answer:
ش𣬴𸴣
I replied that I was unable to help them.See Synonyms at answer 
һش˵Ҳܰǲμ answer
n.ʣ
 re.plies 
A response in speech or writing.
شдĻظ
A response by action or gesture.
𸴣ƵĻظ
Law A plaintiff's formal response in answer to that of a defendant.
ɡ 磺ԭԱĿʽظ
?
Middle English replien 
йӢ replien 
from Old French replier 
Դ ŷ replier 
from Latin replic3e [to fold back] * see  replicate 
Դ  replic3e [۷] *μ replicate
?
replier
n.ʣ

= =
report
re.port
AHD:[r1-p?rt -p?rt] 
D.J.[r!6p%8t, 6p*&rt]
K.K.[r!6p%rt, 6port]
n.Abbr. rep.,rept.,rpt.ʣд rep.,rept.,rpt.
An account presented usually in detail.
ϸı棺һͨϸĳ
A formal account of the proceedings or transactions of a group.
ʽ¼ĳһĳ׵ʽ
Often reports Law A published collection of authoritative accounts of court cases or of judicial decisions.
  reports ɡ ڷɰͥоȨԼѳļ
Common talk; rumor or gossip:
ҥԣ̸ͨҥԻţ
According to report, they eloped.
˵˽
Reputation; repute:

a person of bad report.

An explosive noise:
ը
the report of a rifle.
ǹ
v.ʣ
re.port.ed,re.port.ing,re.ports 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or present an often official, formal, or regular account of.
棺ṩͨڡĹٷʽ򳣹
To relate or tell about; present:
֣˵ܣ
report one's findings.See Synonyms at describe 
˵Լķֲμ describe
To write or provide an account or a summation of for publication or broadcast:
дṩĳһڡĶҪ˵Թ㲥
report the news.

To submit or relate the results of considerations concerning:
ݽҪǵĽ
The committee reported the bill.
ίԱ
To carry back and repeat to another:
زظ˵һˣ
reported the rumor of a strike.
˵ڰչҥ
To complain about or denounce:
Թָ𣺱ԹǴ
reported them to the principal.
У淢
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a report.
棬㱨
To serve as a reporter for a publication, broadcasting company, or other news media.
ߣΪĳ㲥˾ýļ
To present oneself:

report for duty.
ϰ
To be accountable:
𣬱棺
She reports directly to the board of directors.
ֱ»Ḻ
?
report out
To return after deliberation to a legislative body for action:
ʽ棺󽻻
The committee reported the new tax bill out.
ίԱ˽µ˰鰸
?
on report
Subject to disclipinary action.
ܴ
?
Middle English report 
йӢ report 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from reporter [to report] 
Դ reporter [] 
from Latin report3e 
Դ  report3e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾǿǰ׺] 
port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
reportable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
reporter
re.port.er
AHD:[r1-p?rtr, -p?r-] 
D.J.[r!6p%8t*, -6p*&r-]
K.K.[r!6p%rt+, -6por-]
n.Abbr. rep.ʣд rep.
A writer, an investigator, or a presenter of news stories.
ߣŹµߡ߻
Law A person who is authorized to write and issue official accounts of judicial or legislative proceedings.
ɡ ԱȨ¼˾Ĺٷ
?
reportorial
AHD:[rpr-t?r?-l, -t?r-, r?pr-] ݴʣ
reportorially
adv.ʣ

= =
represent
rep.re.sent
AHD:[rpr1-znt] 
D.J.[7repr!6zent]
K.K.[7rWpr!6zWnt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rep.re.sent.ed,rep.re.sent.ing,rep.re.sents 
To stand for; symbolize:

The bald eagle represents the United States.
ͺӥ
To indicate or communicate by signs or symbols:
ָ÷ŻǺűʾ
Letters of the alphabet represent sounds.
ĸеĸָ
To depict in art; portray.
棺棻õܱ
To describe or present in words; set forth.
֣ʾ
To present clearly to the mind.
ʹس
To draw attention to by way of remonstrance or protest:
ǿң飬룺ͨԿԡע⣺
Our parents represented to us the need for greater caution.
ǵĸĸǸӽСĵıҪ
To describe or put forward (a person or thing) as an embodiment of a specified quality.
Ƽĳ˻ĳΪĳһԵľ
To serve as the official and authorized delegate or agent for.
ΪĹٷȨ
To act as a spokesperson for.
Ϊ
To serve as an example of:
ΪʾΪӣ
The museum had several paintings representing the artist's early style.
ݲмڷͻ
To be the equivalent of.
棺Ϊĵȼ
To stage (a play, for example); produce.
ݣݣϷȣݳ
To act the part or role of.
ݣݡĽɫ
?
Middle English representen 
йӢ representen 
from Old French representer 
Դ ŷ representer 
from Latin repraesent3e [to show] 
Դ  repraesent3e [ʾ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǿǰ׺] 
praesent3e [to present] * see  present 2
praesent3e [] *μ present2
?
representability
n.ʣ
representable
adj.ݴʣ
representer
n.ʣ
?
represent,delineate,depict,limn,picture,portray
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to render or present a realistic image or likeness of: 
Щʹе˼ǡṩ֡Ф񡱣 
a statue representing a king;
ĵ
cave paintings that delineate horses and hunters;
˵ĶѨڻ
a cartoon depicting a sea monster;
溣йĿͨ
the personality of a great leader limned in words;
̻ΰĸԣ
a country landscape pictured in soft colors;
ůɫɵ羰
a book portraying life in the Middle Ages. 
һ 

= =
representation
rep.re.sen.ta.tion
AHD:[rpr1-zn-t3shn, -zn-] 
D.J.[7repr!zen6te!.*n, -z*n-]
K.K.[7rWpr!zWn6te.*n, -z*n-]
n.ʣ
The act of representing or the state of being represented.
Ϊ򱻴״̬
Something that represents.

An account or a statement, as of facts, allegations, or arguments.
ʵԻۣ˵ʵԻ۵ȵ
An expostulation; a protest.
Ȱ䣻
A presentation or production, as of a play.
Ϸȵݳ
The state or condition of serving as an official delegate, agent, or spokesperson.
ΪٷĴ˵״̬
The right or privilege of being represented by delegates having a voice in a legislative body.
Ȩ߷ȨĴȨȨ
Law A statement of fact made by one party in order to induce another party to enter into a contract.
ɡ ʵһΪ˴ʹһͬʵ

= =
representative
rep.re.sen.ta.tive
AHD:[rpr1-znt-t1v] 
D.J.[7repr!6zent*t!v]
K.K.[7rWpr!6zWnt*t!v]
n.Abbr. rep.,Rep.ʣд rep.,Rep.
One that serves as an example or a type for others of the same classification.
Ϊͬһеĵ䷶
One that serves as a delegate or an agent for another.
ˣΪ˵Ĵ˻˾
A member of a governmental body, usually legislative, chosen by popular vote.
ԱɹͶƱѡͨһԱ
A member of the U.S. House of Representatives or of the lower house of a state legislature.
ԺԱԺԱԺԺһԱ
adj.ݴʣ
Representing, depicting, or portraying or able to do so.
ֵģġġֻ
Authorized to act as an official delegate or agent.
ģȨΪĳһٷж
Of, relating to, or characteristic of government by representation.
Ƶģڡڻʵ
Like or typical of others of the same class.See Usage Note at cross section 
дԵģͬһ׼˵ĵ͵Ĳμ cross section
?
representatively
adv.ʣ
representativeness
n.ʣ

= =
reproach
re.proach
AHD:[r1-pr?ch] 
D.J.[r!6pr*&t.]
K.K.[r!6prot.]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.proached,re.proach.ing,re.proach.es 
To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone).See Synonyms at admonish 
𱸣ԣĳˣĲ޳ɡʧμ admonish
To bring shame upon; disgrace.
ʹ߳ܣʹɳ
n.ʣ
Blame; rebuke.
𱸣ָժ
One that causes rebuke or blame.
ߣָժ𱸵
Disgrace; shame.
߳
?
beyond reproach
So good as to preclude any possibility of criticism.
޿ָժʮųκĿ
?
Middle English reprochen 
йӢ reprochen 
from Old French reprochier 
Դ ŷ reprochier 
from Vulgar Latin *repropi3e 
Դ  *repropi3e 
Latin re- [re-] 
 re- [ǰ׺] 
Latin prope [near] * see  per 1
 prope [ӽ] *μ per 1
?
reproachable
adj.ݴʣ
reproachableness
n.ʣ
reproachably
adv.ʣ
reproacher
n.ʣ

= =
reproduce
re.pro.duce
AHD:[r?pr-d?s, -dy?s] 
D.J.[7ri8pr*6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[7ripr*6dus, -6djus]
v.ʣ
re.pro.duced,re.pro.duc.ing,re.pro.duc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To produce a counterpart, an image, or a copy of.
ƣ졭򸱱
Biology To generate (offspring) by sexual or asexual means.
ѧ ֳͨԻֳ
To produce again or anew; re-create.
һΣٴ
To bring (a memory, for example) to mind again.
ʹ䣩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To generate offspring.
ֳ
To undergo copying:
ƣ
graphics that reproduce well.
Ƶúܺõͼ
?
reproducer
n.ʣ
reproducibility
n.ʣ
reproducible
adj.ݴʣ

= =
republic
re.pub.lic
AHD:[r1-p?bl1k] 
D.J.[r!6pJbl!k]
K.K.[r!6pJbl!k]
n.Abbr. rep.,Rep.,Repub.ʣд rep.,Rep.,Repub.
A political order whose head of state is not a monarch and in modern times is usually a president.
壺һֹԲǾڵͨΪͳ
A nation that has such a political order.
͹иƵĹ
A political order in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them.
壺һȨȨͶƱѡٶ为ĹԱʹ
A nation that has such a political order.
͹иƵĹ
Often Republic A specific republican government of a nation:
  Republic ĳҵĳһضĹ
the Fourth Republic of France.
Ĺ͹
An autonomous or partially autonomous political and territorial unit belonging to a sovereign federation.
˹͹һĳһϺϾȨ򲿷Ȩĵλ
A group of people working as equals in the same sphere or field:
壺ͬһΧھƽȨһȺˣ
the republic of letters.
ѧ
?
French rpublique 
 rpublique 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin r??blica} 
Դ  r??blica} 
r?s [thing] * see  r?- 
r?s [] *μ r?- 
p?a [feminine of] p?blicus [of the people] * see  public 
p?a  [] p?blicusԴ [ǵ] *μ public

= =
republican
re.pub.li.can
AHD:[r1-p?bl1-kn] 
D.J.[r!6pJbl!k*n]
K.K.[r!6pJbl!k*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a republic.
ģڡڻй
Being in favor of a republic as the best form of government.
۵ģӵ岢Ϊʽ
Republican Abbr. R.,Rep.,Repub.Of, relating to, characteristic of, or belonging to the Republican Party of the United States.
 Republican д R.,Rep.,Repub.͵ģڡڻĹ͵
n.ʣ
One who favors a republic as the best form of government.
ӵߣӵ岢Ϊʽ
Republican Abbr. R.,Rep.,Repub.A member of the Republican Party of the United States.
 Republican д R.,Rep.,Repub.͵Ա͵һԱ
?
republicanism
n.ʣ

= =
reputation
rep.u.ta.tion
AHD:[rpy-t3shn] 
D.J.[7repj*6te!.*n]
K.K.[7rWpj*6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The general estimation in which a person is held by the public.
ڿĳ˵ܵ
The state or situation of being held in high esteem.
ܸߵ۵״̬
A specific characteristic or trait ascribed to a person or thing:
ĳ˻ĳĶصص㣺
a reputation for courtesy.
ǫ
?
Middle English reputacioun 
йӢ reputacioun 
from Latin reput3?}  reput3ti?n- [a reckoning] 
Դ  reput3?}  reput3ti?n- [Ʋ] 
from reput3s [past participle of] reput3re [to reckon, think over] * see  repute 
Դ reput3s  [] reput3reĹȥִ [жϣ˼] *μ repute

= =
request
re.quest
AHD:[r1-kwst] 
D.J.[r!6kwest]
K.K.[r!6kwWst]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.quest.ed,re.quest.ing,re.quests 
To express a desire for; ask for.
󣺱ԡ
To ask (a person) to do something.
ҪҪĳˣĳ
n.ʣ
The act of asking.
ҪΪ
Something asked for.
Ҫ
?
by request
In response to an expressed desire:
ӦҪ
We are offering these scarves for sale again by request.
ӦҪٴγЩͷ
in request
In great demand:
ܻӭ
a pianist in great request.
ܻӭĸټ
on request 
upon request
When asked for:
һҪ
References are available on request.
вοϱ
?
From Middle English requeste [the act of requesting] 
Դ йӢ requeste [ҪΪ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *(r?ota} [(thing) requested] 
Դ  *(r?ota} [Ҫģ] 
from Latin [feminine past participle of] requorere [to ask for] * see  require 
Դ   [] requorereԹȥִ [Ҫ] *μ require
?
requester
n.ʣ

= =
require
re.quire
AHD:[r1-kwor] 
D.J.[r!6kwa!*]
K.K.[r!6kwa!r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.quired,re.quir.ing,re.quires д req.
To have as a requisite; need:
ҪΪƷӵУҪ
Most plants require sunlight.
󲿷ֲҪ
To call for as obligatory or appropriate; demand.See Synonyms at demand 
Ҫ󣺱Ҫػ˵ع涨Ҫμ demand
To impose an obligation on; compel:
ԡǿǿȣ
Students are required to attend classes.
ѧ밴涨Ͽ
?
Middle English requiren 
йӢ requiren 
from Old French requerre 
Դ ŷ requerre 
from Vulgar Latin *requaerere 
Դ  *requaerere 
alteration  influenced by quaerere [to seek] 
   quaerereӰ [Ѱ] 
of Latin requoe 
  requo 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ٴ] 
quaerere [to seek] 
quaerere [Ѱ] 
?
requirable
adj.ݴʣ
requirer
n.ʣ

= =
requirement
re.quire.ment
AHD:[r1-kwormnt] 
D.J.[r!6kwa!*m*nt]
K.K.[r!6kwa!rm*nt]
n.ʣ
Something that is required; a necessity.
ҪĶƷ
Something obligatory; a prerequisite.
ҪҪĶȾ

= =
rescue
res.cue
AHD:[rsky?] 
D.J.[6reskju8]
K.K.[6rWskju]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
res.cued,res.cu.ing,res.cues 
To set free, as from danger or imprisonment; save.See Synonyms at save 1
ӪȣʹɣΣջоȳȲμ save1
Law To take from legal custody by force.
ɡ Ƿٻأѡӷɼǿж
n.ʣ
An act of rescuing; a deliverance.
ԮԮΪ
Law Removal from legal custody by force.
ɡ Ƿٻأӷɼϵǿж
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
Ԯȣͨһʣ
a rescue team; a rescue mission.
ԮӣӪ
?
Middle English rescouen 
йӢ rescouen 
from Old French rescourre 
Դ ŷ rescourre 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺£٣֡] 
escourre [to shake]  from Latin escutere  ex- [ex-]  quatere [to shake] * see  kw?t- 
escourre [ҡ]  Դ  escutere  ex- [ǰ׺ʾ⣬ԣȫ]  quatere [ҡ] *μ kw?t- 
?
rescuable
adj.ݴʣ
rescuer
n.ʣ

= =
research
re.search
AHD:[r1-s?rch, r?s?rch] 
D.J.[r!6sT8t., 6ri87sT8t.]
K.K.[r!6sPt., 6ri7sPt.]
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
Scholarly or scientific investigation or inquiry.See Synonyms at inquiry 
飬оѧԻѧĵ̽μ inquiry
Close, careful study.
̽󣬿죺ܡϸо
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
a research grant; research assistants.
о裻о
v.ʣ
re.searched,re.search.ing,re.search.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in or perform research.
е飬о»ʵо
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To study (something) thoroughly so as to present in a detailed, accurate manner:
̽о׵оĳʹϸȷеķʾʾ
researching the effects of acid rain.
о
To do research for:
о
carefully researched the historical novel.
ϸоⱾʷС˵
?
Obsolete French recerche 
ѷϷ recerche 
from recercher [to search closely] 
Դ recercher [ϸµо] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ˼ǰ׺] 
cerchier [to search] * see  search 
cerchier [Ѱ] *μ search
?
researchable
adj.ݴʣ
researcher  
researchist
n.ʣ
?
Some critics have objected to the use ofresearch  as a transitive verb, but the usage has ample historical precedent and is common in reputable writing.In the most recent survey 81 
percent of the Usage Panel accepted the sentence 
һЩۼҷ԰research һΪﶯʹã һ÷гʷд˾ռߡһε81%÷רСԱ 
He spent a week at a funeral home researching mortuary procedures for his new novel, 
һļͥд˶ԶС˵еɥоӣ 
and 91 percent accepted 
91%ĳԱ 
The chapters on the internment are both readable and well researched. 
Щھ½ڲ߿ɶԶоú͸ 

= =
resemblance
re.sem.blance
AHD:[r1-zmblns] 
D.J.[r!6zembl*ns]
K.K.[r!6zWmbl*ns]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of resembling, especially similarity in appearance or in external or superficial details.See Synonyms at likeness 
ƣ״̬ʣָλⲿĻϸڷƲμ likeness
Something that resembles another.
Ķ

= =
resemble
re.sem.ble
AHD:[r1-zmbl] 
D.J.[r!6zemb*l]
K.K.[r!6zWmb*l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.sem.bled,re.sem.bling,re.sem.bles 
To exhibit similarity or likeness to.
ƣԳ롭ƻ
?
Middle English resemblen 
йӢ resemblen 
from Old French resembler 
Դ ŷ resembler 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺£Ӧ] 
sembler [to appear]  from Latin simul3e [to imitate]  from similis [like] * see  sem- 1
sembler []  Դ  simul3e [ģ]  Դ similis [] *μ sem- 1
?
resembler
n.ʣ

= =
resent
re.sent
AHD:[r1-znt] 
D.J.[r!6zent]
K.K.[r!6zWnt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.sent.ed,re.sent.ing,re.sents 
To feel indignantly aggrieved at.
ԹޣԡеŭԹ
?
French ressentir [to be angry] 
 ressentir [] 
from Old French resentir [to feel strongly] 
Դ ŷ resentir [ǿҸ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ڼǿǰ׺] 
sentir [to feel]  from Latin sentoe * see  sent- 
sentir [о]  Դ  sentoe *μ sent- 
?
When we read the statement Should we not be monstrously ingratefull if we did not deeply resent such kindness? (from theSermons  of Isaac Barrow, written before 1677), we may 
be pardoned for momentarily thinking we are in never-never land.For a time ranging roughly from the last part of the 17th century to the second half of the 18th,the wordresent  did refer 
to gratefulness and appreciation as well as injury and insult. Resent  has also been used in other senses that seem strange to us, such as to feel pain or to perceive by smell.
The thread that ties the senses together is the notion of feeling or perceiving.The Old French source of our word,resentir,  to feel strongly, is made up of the prefix re-,  acting in this 
case as an intensive, and sentir,  to feel or perceive. There is much that one can feel,but at least for now this word has narrowed its focus to a feeling of indignation.
ǶǶʴȲмǾӦüȵ𡱣ѡˡ޵ʾ д1677ǰһʱ ˲뵽Ǵϡٵı
ԶͿԵõԭˡڴ´17ͺڵ18°ʱڣresent һȷʵָмʶͬʱָֿ˺衣 Resent ǿܹŹֵ
ϣ 硰еʹͨζ֪ȡЩһǸо֪ĸôΪǿҵظоĹŷԴresentir ڼǿǰ׺ re- 
Ϊо֪ sentir ɵġ ԸоĶܶ࣬ʵص÷ѱڷŭĸо

= =
reservation
res.er.va.tion
AHD:[rzr-v3shn] 
D.J.[7rez*6ve!.*n]
K.K.[7rWz+6ve.*n]
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
The act of reserving; a keeping back or withholding.
Ϊ
Something that is kept back or withheld.
µĶ
A limiting qualification, condition, or exception:
ƣƵ⣺
has reservations about the proposal.
Ը
A tract of land set apart by the federal government for a special purpose, especially one for the use of a Native American people.
רõأĳһĿĵһƬأָӡڰʹõ
An arrangement by which accommodations are secured in advance, as in a hotel or on an airplane.
ԤԤȵõϯİţùлɻ
The accommodations so secured.
Ԥķϯ
The record or promise of such an arrangement.
Ԥļ¼ŵ
?
reservationist
n.ʣ

= =
reserve
re.serve
AHD:[r1-z?rv] 
D.J.[r!6zT8v]
K.K.[r!6zPv]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.served,re.serv.ing,re.serves 
To keep back, as for future use or for a special purpose.
ղأڽʹûĳһĿ
To set or cause to be set apart for a particular person or use.See Synonyms at book 
£ѻʹ뿪רĳ˻ĳ;μ book
To keep or secure for oneself; retain:
УΪԼ֣
I reserve the right to disagree.See Synonyms at keep 
ұֲͬȨμ keep
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
Something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose.
ղأʹûĳһĿĵĶ
The act of reserving.
Ϊ
The keeping of one's feelings, thoughts, or affairs to oneself.
ҿƣѸܡ뷨ȫԼ
Self-restraint in expression; reticence:
أԣڱϵԼĬԣ
One feels it everywhere, a quality of reserve, something held back(Rollene W. Saal)
㵽еһ־нУܵ(W.)
Lack of enthusiasm; skeptical caution.
֣нȱ飻лɵĽ
An amount of capital held back from investment in order to meet probable or possible demands.
ʱ׼𣺴ͶģΪӦܷҪһʽ
A reservation of public land:
أصı
a forest reserve.
Ȼɭֱ
An amount of a mineral, fossil fuel, or other resource known to exist in a particular location and to be exploitable:
֪ĳһҪпõĳһȼϻԴ
the discovery of large oil reserves.
ʯͲķ
Often reserves 
  reserves 
A fighting force kept uncommitted until strategic need arises.
󱸾ˣδͶսֱսҪս
The part of a country's armed forces not on active duty but subject to call in an emergency.
󱸲ӣһĲڻеڽʱ浽ķװ
adj.ݴʣ
Held in or forming a reserve:
ģγɴģ
a reserve supply of food.
ʳƷӦ
?
in reserve
Kept back, set aside, or saved.

?
Middle English reserven 
йӢ reserven 
from Old French reserver 
Դ ŷ reserver 
from Latin reserv3e [to keep back] 
Դ  reserv3e [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǿǰ׺] 
serv3e [to keep] * see  ser- 1
serv3e [] *μ ser- 1
?
reservable
adj.ݴʣ
reserver
n.ʣ

= =
reside
re.side
AHD:[r1-zod] 
D.J.[r!6za!d]
K.K.[r!6za!d]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.sid.ed,re.sid.ing,re.sides 
To live in a place permanently or for an extended period.
ӣõػڵһطס
To be inherently present; exist:
ڣڣڣ
the potential energy that resides in flowing water.
ˮеǱ
To be vested, as a power or right:
ڣڣȨȨ
The authority of governance resided in the monarchy.
ͳȨھ
?
Middle English residen 
йӢ residen 
from Old French resider 
Դ ŷ resider 
from Latin resid?e [to remain behind, reside] 
Դ  resid?e [ں棬] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ǿ] 
sed?e [to sit] * see  sed- 
sed?e [] *μ sed- 
?
resider
n.ʣ

= =
residence
res.i.dence
AHD:[rz1-dns, -dns] 
D.J.[6rez!d*ns, -7dens]
K.K.[6rWz!d*ns, -7dWns]
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
The place in which one lives; a dwelling.
סĳ˾סĵطסլ
The act or a period of residing in a place.
סʱ䣺סĳطΪʱ
A medical residency.
ҽԺҽƵĴ
The official home or location of a corporation.
פأĳ˾ʽ
?
in residence
Committed to live and work in a specific place, often for a certain length of time:
ס...ģĳһȷеĵطס͹ģͨĳһʱڣ
an artist in residence at a college.
סĳһѧһ

= =
resident
res.i.dent
AHD:[rz1-dnt, -dnt] 
D.J.[6rez!d*nt, -7dent]
K.K.[6rWz!d*nt, -7dWnt]
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
A physician serving a period of residency.
ҽסԺڼҽʦ
One who resides in a particular place permanently or for an extended period, as:
þסߣھõػڵĳһضصסˣ磺
A diplomatic official residing in a foreign seat of government.
פ⹫ʹͳפ⽻Ա
A colonial official acting as adviser to the ruler of a protected state, often having quasi-gubernatorial powers.
ֳعԱΪͳߵĹʵֳعԱͨݳȨ
A member of an intelligence-gathering or nonuniformed law enforcement agency who resides and oversees operations in a certain locale:
פع鱨ԱפĳزӸõػ鱨ռ򲻴ƷķִлһԱ
the KGB resident in New York City; the FBI resident in Boston.
˸ŦԼǵعڲʿٵع
A nonmigratory bird or other animal.
ǨޣǨϰԵ
adj.ݴʣ
Dwelling in a particular place; residing:
סģģסĳһضصģӵģ
resident aliens.
ӵ
Living somewhere in connection with duty or work.
פģסְйصط
Inherently present:
еģڵģ
resident anxieties.
ڵĽ
Nonmigratory:
ǨϰԵģ
resident fauna.
ǨϰԵĶȺ

= =
residential
res.i.den.tial
AHD:[rz1-dnshl] 
D.J.[7rez!6den.*l]
K.K.[7rWz!6dWn.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or having residence:
סģڡڻӵסģ
a residential college.
ѧԺ
Of, suitable for, or limited to residences:
סģڡڻסģ
residential zoning.
סլ
?
residentially
adv.ʣ

= =
resign
re.sign
AHD:[r1-zon] 
D.J.[r!6za!n]
K.K.[r!6za!n]
v.ʣ
re.signed,re.sign.ing,re.signs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable:
ΣʹԼطӣΪɱܣ
I resigned myself to a long wait in line.
˳ӵڳеȺ
To give up (a position, for example), especially by formal notification.
ȥĳһְλָͨʽ֪ͨ
To relinquish (a privilege, right, or claim).See Synonyms at relinquish 
ĳһȨȨҪ󣩲μ relinquish
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give up one's job or office; quit, especially by formal notification:
ְĳ˵Ĺְλȥָͨʽ֪ͨ
resign from a board of directors.
Ӷ»дְ
?
Middle English resignen 
йӢ resignen 
from Old French resigner 
Դ ŷ resigner 
from Latin resign3e [to unseal] 
Դ  resign3e [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ˣӦ] 
sign3e [to seal]  from signum [mark, seal] * see  sek w- 1
sign3e [ܷ]  Դ signum [Ǻţ] *μ sek w- 1
?
resigner
n.ʣ

= =
resignation
res.ig.na.tion
AHD:[rz1g-n3shn] 
D.J.[7rez!g6ne!.*n]
K.K.[7rWz!g6ne.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of resigning.
ȥΪ
An oral or written statement that one is resigning a position or an office.
ǳʣĳ˽дְĿͷ
Unresisting acceptance of something as inescapable; submission.See Synonyms at patience 
ΣΪӱܶĳ޿ܵĽܣ˳Ӳμ patience

= =
resist
re.sist
AHD:[r1-z1st] 
D.J.[r!6z!st]
K.K.[r!6z!st]
v.ʣ
re.sist.ed,re.sist.ing,re.sists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strive to fend off or offset the actions, effects, or force of.
ֵжӰ
To remain firm against the actions, effects, or force of; withstand:
ƣжӰֲ䣻ֿ
a bacterium that resisted the antibiotic.
ֿصϸ
To keep from giving in to or enjoying.
ࣺò
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To offer resistance.See Synonyms at oppose 
ֿμ oppose
n.ʣ
A substance that can cover and protect a surface, as from corrosion.
ʴܸǲƸʴһ
?
Middle English resisten 
йӢ resisten 
from Old French resister 
Դ ŷ resister 
from Latin resistere 
Դ  resistere 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺] 
sistere [to place] * see  st3- 
sistere [] *μ st3- 
?
resister
n.ʣ

= =
resistance
re.sis.tance
AHD:[r1-z1stns] 
D.J.[r!6z!st*ns]
K.K.[r!6z!st*ns]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of resisting or the capacity to resist.
ֿԣֿΪߵֿ
A force that tends to oppose or retard motion.
ڷ˶
Often Resistance An underground organization engaged in a struggle for national liberation in a country under military or totalitarian occupation.
  Resistance ֿ֯ھ»ȨռµĳΪŶĵ֯
Psychology A process in which the ego opposes the conscious recall of unpleasant experiences.
ѧ 迹ֹԲľʶĻĹ
Biology 
ѧ 
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against a disease.
ԣĳĳһ
The capacity of an organism or a tissue to withstand the effects of a harmful environmental agent.
ԣĳ֯ĳһкĻý
Abbr. r,RElectricity The opposition of a body or substance to current passing through it, resulting in a change of electrical energy into heat or another form of energy.
д r,Rѧ 裺赲ͨʣӶѵתΪܻʽ
?
resistant
adj.ݴʣ

= =
resolution
res.o.lu.tion
AHD:[rz-l?shn] 
D.J.[7rez*6lu8.*n]
K.K.[7rWz*6lu.*n]
n.Abbr. res.ʣд res.
The state or quality of being resolute; firm determination.
ϣ⣺̬ȼ״̬Ʒʣᶨľ
A resolving to do something.
飺ĳ
A course of action determined or decided on.
ж
A formal statement of a decision or expression of opinion put before or adopted by an assembly such as the U.S. Congress.
鰸Уᣩɵľ۵ʽ
Chemistry Physics The act or process of separating or reducing something into its constituent parts:
ѧ ѧ ֽ⣬ֽ̣ĳֽΪɲֵΪ̣
the prismatic resolution of sunlight into its spectral colors.
̫Ϊɫ⾵ֹ
The fineness of detail that can be distinguished in an image, as on a video display terminal.
ʣȣӰֱܱϸ΢̶ȣƵʾն˵ϸ΢̶
Medicine The subsiding or termination of an abnormal condition, such as a fever or an inflammation.
ҽѧ ˣ쳣緢ջ֢˻ֹ
Law A court decision.
ɡ жоͥ飬þ
An explanation, as of a problem or puzzle; a solution.
ͣһȵĽͣ
The part of a literary work in which the complications of the plot are resolved or simplified.
򻯣ѧƷиӵڱ򻯵Ĳ
Music 
֡ 
The progression of a dissonant tone or chord to a consonant tone or chord.
г͵гҵĹ
The tone or chord to which such a progression is made.
ĺгת
The substitution of one metrical unit for another, especially the substitution of two short syllables for one long syllable in quantitative verse.
ڵĲֻ滻һԪһָһ

= =
resolve
re.solve
AHD:[r1-z?lv] 
D.J.[r!6zKlv]
K.K.[r!6z$lv]
v.ʣ
re.solved,re.solv.ing,re.solves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a firm decision about.
ڡļᶨ
To cause (a person) to reach a decision.See Synonyms at decide 
ʹ¾μ decide
To decide or express by formal vote.
ʽͨʽͶƱ
To separate (something) into constituent parts.See Synonyms at analyze 
ֽ⣺ĳΪɲֲμ analyze
To change or convert:
ת䣬ɣıת䣺
My resentment resolved itself into resignation.
һԹΪ˳
To find a solution to; solve.See Synonyms at solve 
ҵԡĽμ solve
To remove or dispel (doubts).
⿪ɻ󣩣ȥɢǣ
To bring to a usually successful conclusion:
ﵽͨɹĽ
resolve a conflict.
ͻ
Medicine To cause reduction of (an inflammation, for example).
ҽѧ ᣬʹˣʹ֢
Music To cause (a tone or chord) to progress from dissonance to consonance.
֡ ʹгʹңӲггչ
Chemistry To separate (an optically inactive compound or mixture) into its optically active constituents.
ѧ ֽ⣺ѧȶһֻΪѧϲȶ
To render parts of (an image) visible and distinct.
ֱ棬ʹṩģӰ󣩲ɼ
Mathematics To separate (a vector, for example) into coordinate components.
ѧ ֽ⣺ʹһΪͬȵķ
To melt or dissolve (something).
ڻܽ⣨ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reach a decision or make a determination:
¾
resolve on a course of action.
ж
To become separated or reduced to constituents.
ֽ⣺ʹٵϳɷ
Music To undergo resolution.
֡ תɺг
n.ʣ
Firmness of purpose; resolution.
ģĿļᶨԣ
A determination or decision; a fixed purpose.
飻̶Ŀ
A formal resolution made by a deliberative body.
飺ʽ
?
Middle English resolven [to dissolve] 
йӢ resolven [ܽ] 
from Old French resolver 
Դ ŷ resolver 
from Latin resolvere [to untie] 
Դ  resolvere [⿪] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ֣١] 
solvere [to untie] * see  leu- 
solvere [] *μ leu- 
?
resolvability  
resolvableness
n.ʣ
resolvable
adj.ݴʣ
resolvedly
AHD:[-z?lv1d-l?] ʣ
resolver
n.ʣ

= =
resonance
res.o.nance
AHD:[rz-nns] 
D.J.[6rez*n*ns]
K.K.[6rWz*n*ns]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being resonant:
죺ʻ
It is home and family that give resonance . . . to life(George Gilder)Israel, gateway to Mecca, is of course a land of religious resonance and geopolitical significance(James 
Wolcott)
ǼͥͼԹ(Ρ)ɫУͨӵĴţȻǲڽ̹ҪԵĵط(ղķ˹ֶ)
Physics The increase in amplitude of oscillation of an electric or mechanical system exposed to a periodic force whose frequency is equal or very close to the natural undamped 
frequency of the system.
ѧ Źõĵ綯еϵͳ񵴷ȵӣƵʵڻǳӽϵͳеĲƵ
Acoustics Intensification and prolongation of sound, especially of a musical tone, produced by sympathetic vibration.
ѧ ļǿӳָɹ񶯲
Linguistics Intensification of vocal tones during articulation, as by the air cavities of the mouth and nasal passages.
ѧ ʱǿͨͱͨĿͨ
Medicine The sound produced by diagnostic percussion of the normal chest.
ҽѧ ߵ죺زߵ
Chemistry The property of a compound having simultaneously the characteristics of two or more structural forms that differ only in the distribution of electrons. Such compounds are 
highly stable and cannot be properly represented by a single structural formula.
ѧ нͬʱֻֽṹʽĻֵʣڵӷֲϲͬĽṹʽֻи߶ȶԲҲǡõṹʽʾ

= =
resort
re.sort
AHD:[r1-z?rt] 
D.J.[r!6z%8t]
K.K.[r!6z%rt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.sort.ed,re.sort.ing,re.sorts 
To have recourse:

The government resorted to censorship of the press.
ƶΪֶ
To go customarily or frequently; repair.
ȥϰ߻Ƶȥȥ
n.ʣ
A place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation:
ȥĵطʤأΪɺǲȥĵط
a tropical resort.
ȴݼٵ
A customary or frequent going or gathering:
ȥϰ߻򾭳ȥۻ᣺
a popular place of resort.
ȥܻӭ֮
The act of turning to for aid or relief; recourse.
пֶΣԮĵط֮
One turned to for aid or relief.
ߣԮ
?
Middle English resorten [to return] 
йӢ resorten [] 
from Old French resortir [to go out again] 
Դ ŷ resortir [ٴγȥ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [١֡ǰ׺] 
sortir [to go out] 
sortir [ȥ] 
?
resort,apply,go,refer,turn
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to repair to or fall back on someone or something in time of need: 
Щʹе˼ǡҪʱƾĳ˻ĳ£ 
never resorted to corporal punishment;
ͷ
apply to a bank for a loan;
һʴ
went to her parents for comfort;
ȥĸĸѰο
referred to his notes to refresh his memory;
οıʼԻ䣻
has no friends to turn to. See also Synonyms at  makeshift 
ûѿ μͬ makeshift

= =
resource
re.source
AHD:[r?s?rs, -s?rs, -z?rs, -z?rs, r1-s?rs, -s?rs, -z?rs, -z?rs] 
D.J.[6ri87s%8s, -7s*&rs, -7z%8s, -7z*&rs, r!6s%8s, -6s*&rs, -6z%8s, -6z*&rs]
K.K.[6ri7s%rs, -7sors, -7z%rs, -7zors, r!6s%rs, -6sors, -6z%rs, -6zors]
n.ʣ
Something that can be used for support or help:
֧ṩֻ֧Ķ
The local library is a valuable resource.
ͼһϿ
Often resources An available supply that can be drawn on when needed.
  resources ԴҪʱɹȡʹõĹӦ
The ability to deal with a difficult or troublesome situation effectively; initiative:
ԣǣЧԸѻ鷳
a person of resource.
һǶı
Often resources Means that can be used to cope with a difficult situation:
  resources ֶΣԲߣӦƵֶΣ
needed all my intellectual resources for the exam.
Ҫҵ֪ʶӦο
resources The total means available for economic and political development, such as mineral wealth, labor force, and armaments.
 resources ʲƣûηչпɹʹõвƸͶԴ
resources The total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labor, and raw material; assets.
 resources Ʋ˾ӲֵпòƸҵ豸͹ԭϣƲ
Such means considered individually.
ЩĲƸ
?
Obsolete French 
ѷϷ 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] resourdre [to rise again] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴresourdreԹȥִ [ٴ] 
from Latin resurgere 
Դ  resurgere 
re- [re-] 
re- [١֡] 
surgere [to rise] * see  surge 
surgere [] *μ surge

= =
respect
re.spect
AHD:[r1-spkt] 
D.J.[r!6spekt]
K.K.[r!6spWkt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.spect.ed,re.spect.ing,re.spects 
To feel or show deferential regard for; esteem.
𾴣أеֳľ⣻
To avoid violation of or interference with:
أΥ棺
respect the speed limit.
ٹ涨
To relate or refer to; concern.
漰ἰ
n.ʣ
A feeling of appreciative, often deferential regard; esteem.See Synonyms at regard 
أ̬ͣͨȣزμ regard
The state of being regarded with honor or esteem.
𾴻صضԴ״̬
Willingness to show consideration or appreciation.
עأֳע͵Ը
respects Polite expressions of consideration or deference:
 respects ⣬ʺػò
pay one's respects.
ʾ
A particular aspect, feature, or detail:
ĳ棺ĳ桢ĳϸڣ
In many respects this is an important decision.
෽涼һҪľ
Usage Problem Relation; reference.See Usage Note at regard 
÷ѡ ϵйزμ regard
?
From Middle English [regard] 
Դ йӢ [Ϊ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin respectus [from past participle of] respicere [to look back at, regard] 
Դ  respectus  [] ԴrespicereĹȥִ [ݣΪ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [١֡] 
specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
respecter
n.ʣ

= =
respectful
re.spect.ful
AHD:[r1-spktfl] 
D.J.[r!6spektf*l]
K.K.[r!6spWktf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Showing or marked by proper respect.
ģʶ𾴻֮Ϊ
?
respectfully
adv.ʣ
respectfulness
n.ʣ

= =
respective
re.spec.tive
AHD:[r1-spkt1v] 
D.J.[r!6spekt!v]
K.K.[r!6spWkt!v]
adj.Abbr. resp.ݴʣд resp.
Relating to two or more persons or things regarded individually; particular:
Եģķֱǵ˻йصģģ
successful in their respective fields.
ǸԵȡóɹ
?
respectiveness
n.ʣ

= =
respectively
re.spec.tive.ly
AHD:[r1-spkt1v-l?] 
D.J.[r!6spekt!vli8]
K.K.[r!6spWkt!vli]
adv.Abbr. resp.ʣд resp.
Singly in the order designated or mentioned:
ֱأָĻἰ˳أ
I'm referring to each of you respectively.
ҽᵽеÿһ

= =
respond
re.spond
AHD:[r1-sp?nd] 
D.J.[r!6spKnd]
K.K.[r!6sp$nd]
v.ʣ
re.spond.ed,re.spond.ing,re.sponds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a reply; answer.See Synonyms at answer 
ش𣬴𸴲μ answer
To act in return or in answer.
رظԻرشж
To react positively or favorably:
ӦӦĻϲõطӦ
The patient has responded rapidly to the treatment.
ƺɫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give as a reply; answer.
Ӧ𣻻شΪһ𸴸ش
n.Architecture ʣѧ 
A pilaster supporting an arch.
ֹ֧ı
?
Middle English responden 
йӢ responden 
from Old French respondre 
Դ ŷ respondre 
from Latin respond?e 
Դ  respond?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [١֡] 
spond?e [to promise] * see  spend- 
spond?e [] *μ spend- 
?
responder
n.ʣ

= =
response
re.sponse
AHD:[r1-sp?ns] 
D.J.[r!6spKns]
K.K.[r!6sp$ns]
n.ʣ
The act of responding.
𸴣𸴵ж
A reply or an answer.
ظش
A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.
Ӧһлƶض̼ķӦ
Abbr. REcclesiastical Something that is spoken or sung by a congregation or choir in answer to the officiating minister or priest.
д R̻᡿ ڻʫڴִʦʿĻ
A responsory.
ӦģӦʥ
?
Middle English respons 
йӢ respons 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin resp?m [from neuter past participle of] respond?re [to respond] * see  respond 
Դ  resp?m  [] Դrespond?reԹȥִ [Ӧ] *μ respond

= =
responsibility
re.spon.si.bil.i.ty
AHD:[r1-sp?ns-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[r!7spKns*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[r!7sp$ns*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 re.spon.si.bil.i.ties 
The state, quality, or fact of being responsible.See Synonyms at obligation 
Σε״̬Ʒʻʵμ obligation
Something for which one is responsible; a duty, an obligation, or a burden.
ΣһӦ֮飻ְ򸺵

= =
responsible
re.spon.si.ble
AHD:[r1-sp?ns-bl] 
D.J.[r!6spKns*b*l]
K.K.[r!6sp$ns*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Liable to be required to give account, as of one's actions or of the discharge of a duty or trust.
ģεģڱҪģҪԼΪλְ
Involving personal accountability or ability to act without guidance or superior authority:
شģйظ˸еλָϼලжģ
a responsible position within the company.
˾еҪְλ
Being a source or cause.
ΪԴԭ
Able to make moral or rational decisions on one's own and therefore answerable for one's behavior.
θеģԼģܹȫԼ»ԵľܶΪ
Able to be trusted or depended upon; reliable.
ģܱλģɿ
Based on or characterized by good judgment or sound thinking:
ģǷǵģڻõжϻ˼Ϊģ
responsible journalism.
ǷǵŽ
Having the means to pay debts or fulfill obligations.
еģгծģлծֶε
Required to render account; answerable:
δ𸴵ģҪģӦģ
The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.
ڸԹӦ
?
Obsolete French [corresponding to] 
ѷϷ [롭һµ] 
from Latin resp?s [past participle of] respond?re [to respond] * see  respond 
Դ  resp?s  [] respond?reĹȥִ [Ӧ] *μ respond
?
responsibleness
n.ʣ
responsibly
adv.ʣ
?
responsible,answerable,liable,accountable,amenable
These adjectives share the meaning obliged to answer, as for one's actions, to an authority that may impose a penalty for failure.
ЩݴʵĹ˼ԿܳͷʧĵȨ𸴵ģԼΪ
 Responsible  often implies the satisfactory performance of duties, the adequate discharge of obligations, or the trustworthy care for or disposition of possessions: 
 Responsible  ָ񡢳ֵʹְɿϻã 
I am responsible for the ship's safety (Robert Louis Stevenson). 
Ҷִİȫ ޲ء·˹ʷٷɭ 
The people had given him his command, and to the people alone he was responsible (J.A. Froude).
ѸȨ (J.A.͵£
 Answerable  suggests a moral or legal responsibility subject to review by a higher authority: 
 Answerable  ָܸһȨеĵ»ɵΣ 
The court held the parents answerable for their minor child's acts of vandalism.
ͥҪĸδ꺢ӶƻΪ
Liable  may refer to a legal obligation, as to pay damages, or to a responsibility to do something,as to perform jury duty, if called on: 
Liable  ָ⳥ȷָĳµΣԱְ 
Wage earners are liable to income tax.
ͶӦ˰
During the war men between the ages of 18 and 35 were liable for military conscription.
սڼʮʮ˶Ӧۡ
Accountable  especially emphasizes the requirement to give an account of one's discharge of a responsibility entrusted to one: 
Accountable  ǿίиĳ˵ְִ 
The liberal philosophy holds that enduring governments must be accountable to someone beside themselves;that a government responsible only to its own conscience is not for long 
tolerable (Walter Lippmann).
 ѧΪõԳԼ˸һԼĸǲܳ־õġ ֶء
 Amenable  implies the condition of being subject to the control of an authority and therefore the absence of complete autonomy: 
 Amenable  ָܵȨߵĿƣȱȫȨ״ 
The sovereign of this country is not amenable to any form of trial (Letters of Junius).See also Synonyms at  reliable 
ҵȨκʽе֧䡱 ˹ţμͬ reliable
?
Some critics have maintained thatresponsible  should not be used to describe things, since only persons can be held accountable.The application to things is justifiable, however, 
whenresponsible  is used to mean being the source or cause of. In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the sentence 
һЩҼΪresponsible Ӧ Ϊֻ˲ܸΡǵresponsible ʾڡ˼ʱǺġ ڸڵĵ
÷רСеĴ󲿷ֳԱܾ 
Faulty construction was responsible for the crash.  
ĵӦڵӵʩ 
In recent years,many people have objected to the use of the phraseclaim responsibility  with reference to the authors of terrorist acts, as inA small separatist group claimed 
responsibility for the explosion, in which 30 passengers were killed.  It is true that the phrase is not entirely felicitous,in as much as it does not convey the speaker's conviction that the 
action is deplorable.But alternatives such asadmit  or take the blame  cannot be recommended either, since they would imply misleadingly that the instigators had themselves 
acknowledged that the action was wrongful.
˷ʹֲصĴclaim responsibility  һСƶǴʹ30λÿɥıը  ȷʵǲģΪ
ûб˵߶ԱΪǴ𡣵ҲƼadmit  take the blame ʣ ΪǿʹΪɿԼҲжǴ

= =
rest
rest 1
AHD:[rst] 
D.J.[rest]
K.K.[rWst]
n.ʣ
Cessation of work, exertion, or activity.
ϢŬж
Peace, ease, or refreshment resulting from sleep or the cessation of an activity.
ƽΪ˯߻ֹͣİʻˬ
Sleep or quiet relaxation.
˯˯߻ƽķ
The repose of death:
Ϣƽ
eternal rest.

Relief or freedom from disquiet or disturbance.
ֻнѻų
Mental or emotional tranquillity.
һϻϵ
Termination or absence of motion.
ֹͣͣ˶ֹ򲻴
Music 
֡ 
An interval of silence corresponding to one of the possible time values within a measure.
ֹһпܵʱֵӦֹ
The mark or symbol indicating such a pause and its length.
ֹʾͣٺͳȵıǻǺ
A short pause in a line of poetry; a caesura.
ʫͣ٣һʫеĶͣ٣ͣ
A device used as a support:
֧֧ŵ豸װã
a back rest.

Games See  bridge 1
Ϸ μ  bridge1 
v.ʣ
rest.ed,rest.ing,rests 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease motion, work, or activity.
Ϣֹͣ˶
To lie down, especially to sleep.
˯ߣ£ָ˯
To be at peace or ease; be tranquil.
ģУڰ
To be, become, or remain temporarily still, quiet, or inactive:
ֹʱǡΪ򱣳־ֹ򲻻
Let the issue rest here.

To be supported or based; lie, lean, or sit:
֧ţ֧Ż֮ϣɡбл
The ladder rests firmly against the tree.
ȹ̵ؿ
To be imposed or vested, as a responsibility or burden:
ڣڣΪλ򸺵ǿӻ裺
The final decision rests with the chairperson.
ϯ
To depend or rely:

That argument rests on a false assumption.
Ǹ۵ǻڴǰ
To be located or be in a specified place:
ãڻĳ
The original manuscript rests in the museum.
ԭʼָڲ
To be fixed or directed on something:
עӣ̶ĳ
His brown eyes rested on her for a moment(John le Carr)
ɫ۾һ(Լա)
To remain; linger.
֣
Law To cease voluntarily the presentation of evidence in a case:
ɡ Զֹ֤ͣڰԸֹͣύ֤ݣ
The defense rests.
˱绤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give rest or repose to:
ʹϢϢЪϢ
rested my eyes.
ҵ۾Ϣһ
To place, lay, or lean for ease, support, or repose.
ʹпΪʡ֧ŻЪϢáɻб
To base or ground:
ʹڡ֮ϣԡΪݣ
I rested my conclusion on that fact.
ҵĽԴǸʵ
To fix or direct (the gaze, for example).
ʹעӣʹ̶ӣ
To bring to rest; halt.
ʹϢֹ
Law To cease voluntarily the introduction of evidence in (a case).
ɡ Զֹ֤ͣڣԸֹͣṩ֤
?
at rest
Asleep.
˯ߵ
Dead.

Motionless; inactive.
ֹģ
Free from anxiety or distress.
ӰģܽǻʹӰ
lay to rest 
put to rest
To bury (a dead body); inter.
᣺ᣨһʬ
To settle (an issue, for example), especially so as to be free of it:
ˣرΪ˲ţ
The judge's ruling put to rest the dispute between the neighbors.
ٵĲþ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
rester
n.ʣ
?
rest,relaxation,repose,leisure,ease,comfort
All of these nouns mean freedom or relief from labor, responsibility, or strain.
ЩζŴͶλнѡų
 Rest,  the least specific,suggests mental or physical recuperation: 
 Rest  ģָϵĻָ 
Try to get a good night's rest.
ͼ˯һҹþ
Absence of occupation is not rest (William Cowper).
ʧҵϢ ն
 Relaxation   implies release from tension or fatigue: 
 Relaxation  ָӽŻƣзɣ 
We hold the period of youth sacred to education, and the period of maturity, when the physical forces begin to flag, equally sacred to ease and agreeable relaxation (Edward 
Bellamy).
нܽʱʼ˥˵ĳʱڣܺ÷ɵĴʱ »ף
 Repose  connotes rest and peace of mind: 
 Repose  ΪϢƽ 
when you're lying awake with a dismal headache, and repose is tabooed by anxiety (W.S. Gilbert).
ͷʹ޷˯ʱǻʹķҡ (WSأ
 Leisure  implies freedom from work or duty and latitude in choosing a pastime or an activity: 
 Leisure  ָӹнѺѡǲ˶ķΧ 
Do you know that conversation is one of the greatest pleasures in life? But it wants leisure (W. Somerset Maugham).
̸֪Ȥ֮һ𣿵ҪϾʱ䡱 ĬءĪķ
 Ease  connotes freedom from toil or worry, absence of constraint, and a relaxed frame of mind: 
 Ease  ָнѣԼɵľ 
It is the interest of every man to live as much at his ease as he can (Adam Smith).
ÿ˵׷ ǵʷ˹
 Comfort  suggests ease, well-being, and contentment: 
 Comfort  ָʡ㣺 
They knew luxury; they knew beggary; but they never knew comfort (Macaulay).
˽ݳޣ˽ƶǴӲ˽ⰲݡ 
?
rest
rest 2
AHD:[rst] 
D.J.[rest]
K.K.[rWst]
n.ʣ
The part that is left over after something has been removed; remainder.See Synonyms at remainder 
ʣಿ֣ȥʣµǲ֣ʣμ remainder
That or those remaining:
ࣺ
The beginning was boring, but the rest was interesting. The rest are arriving later.
ʼʮֿಿֺȤԺ͵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
rest.ed,rest.ing,rests 
To be or continue to be; remain:
ֲ䣺ڻһ״ֲ̬䣺
Rest assured that we will finish on time.
ģǻ׼ʱɵ
To remain or be left over.
»ʣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French reste 
Դ ŷ reste 
from rester [to remain] 
Դ rester [] 
from Latin rest3e [to stay behind] 
Դ  rest3e [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [١֡] 
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
rest
rest 3
AHD:[rst] 
D.J.[rest]
K.K.[rWst]
n.ʣ
A support for a lance on the side of the breastplate of medieval armor.
ì֧ŴͿԱߵ֧ųì
?
Middle English reste 
йӢ reste 
short for areste [a stopping, holding] 
 aresteļд [ֹͣά] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from arester [to stop] * see  arrest 
Դ arester [ֹ] *μ arrest

= =
restaurant
res.tau.rant
AHD:[rstr-nt, -t-r?nt] 
D.J.[6rest*r*nt, -t*7r$8nt]
K.K.[6rWst*r*nt, -t*7r$nt]
n.ʣ
A place where meals are served to the public.
͹ݣڹӦ˵ĳ
?
French [from present participle of] restaurer [to restore] 
  [] Դrestaurerڷִ [ָ] 
from Old French restorer * see  restore 
Դ ŷ restorer *μ restore

= =
restless
rest.less
AHD:[rstl1s] 
D.J.[6restl!s]
K.K.[6rWstl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest:
ƽģʾȱƽϢ˯ߵģ
spent a restless night.
һ֮ҹ
Not able to rest, relax, or be still:
öģϢɻ򰲾ģ
a restless child.
öĺ
Never still or motionless:
ͣ˶ģ
the restless sea.See Usage Note at restive 
ƽĴ󺣲μ restive
?
restlessly
adv.ʣ
restlessness
n.ʣ

= =
restore
re.store
AHD:[r1-st?r, -st?r] 
D.J.[r!6st%8, -6st*&r]
K.K.[r!6st%r, -6stor]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.stored,re.stor.ing,re.stores 
To bring back into existence or use; reestablish:
ָʹָڻʹã½
restore law and order.
ָɺ
To bring back to an original condition:
ʹԪʹָʹصԭ״̬
restore a building.See Synonyms at revive 
޸һμ revive
To put (someone) back in a former position:
ʹλʹְѣĳˣŻԭλ
restore the emperor to the throne.
ʹʵصλ
To make restitution of; give back:
黹
restore the stolen funds.
͵ֿ
?
Middle English restoren 
йӢ restoren 
from Old French restorer 
Դ ŷ restorer 
from Latin restaur3e * see  st3- 
Դ  restaur3e *μ st3- 
?
restorer
n.ʣ

= =
restrain
re.strain
AHD:[r1-str3n] 
D.J.[r!6stre!n]
K.K.[r!6stren]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.strained,re.strain.ing,re.strains 
To hold back or keep in check; control:
ƣֹƣƣ
couldn't restrain the tears.
ס
To hold (a person) back; prevent:
ֹ赲ĳˣֹ
restrained them from going.
ֹȥ
To deprive of freedom or liberty.
᣺ɻȨ
To limit or restrict.
ƣ޶ƻԼ
?
Middle English restreinen 
йӢ restreinen 
from Old French restraindre  restreign- 
Դ ŷ restraindre  restreign- 
from Latin restringere [to bind back] * see  restrict 
Դ  restringere [Լ] *μ restrict
?
restrainable
adj.ݴʣ
restrainedly
AHD:[-str3n1d-l?] ʣ
restrainer
n.ʣ
?
restrain,curb,check,bridle,inhibit
These verbs are compared as they mean to hold back or keep under control.
ЩʵĴΪƻڿ֮ʱǽбȽϡ
 Restrain  implies restriction or limitation, as on one's freedom of action: 
 Restrain  ָ˵жɽԼƣ 
a wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another (Thomas Jefferson). 
ǶڼֹǱ˴˼˺ ˹ѷ 
He had difficulty restraining his curiosity. Tocurb  is to restrain as if with reins:  
סġ Curb ͷԼ  
You might curb your magnanimity (John Keats).
һĿ Լôȣ
 Check  implies arresting or stopping, often suddenly or forcibly: 
 Check  ΪͨͻȻǿֹֹͣ 
a light to guide, a rod/To check the erring (William Wordsworth).Tobridle  is often to hold in or govern one's emotions or passions:  
һ·Ĺ⣬һ/ֹĹ Ȼ˹Bridle ָѹֻԼĸ飺  
She tried with all her might to bridle her resentment.
ŬסԼԹޡ
Inhibit  usually connotes a check, either self-imposed or involuntary, on one's actions, desires, thoughts, or emotions: 
Inhibit  ָĳ˵ΪԸ˼ʩӻԸԼ 
For the compliant child parental disapproval is as strong an inhibiting force as the threat of punishment. 
˳ӵСĸķͷвͬǿҵ 

= =
restraint
re.straint
AHD:[r1-str3nt] 
D.J.[r!6stre!nt]
K.K.[r!6strent]
n.ʣ
The act of restraining or the condition of being restrained.
ƣƣԼΪԼ״̬
Loss or abridgment of freedom.
ƣƣɵɥʧ
An influence that inhibits or restrains; a limitation.
ԼӰ죺һԼƵӰ죻һ
An instrument or a means of restraining.
ԼʩһԼĹ߻ֶ
Control or repression of feelings; constraint.
ƣԸĿƻѹƣ
?
Middle English restreinte 
йӢ restreinte 
from Old French restrainte [from feminine past participle of] restraindre [to restrain] * see  restrain 
Դ ŷ restrainte  [] ԴrestraindreԹȥִ [Լ] *μ restrain

= =
restrict
re.strict
AHD:[r1-str1kt] 
D.J.[r!6str!kt]
K.K.[r!6str!kt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.strict.ed,re.strict.ing,re.stricts 
To keep or confine within limits.See Synonyms at limit 
ƣ޶ֻڷΧڲμ limit
?
Latin restringere  restrict- 
 restringere  restrict- 
re- [re-] 
re- [٣֡] 
stringere [to draw tight] * see  streig- 
stringere [] *μ streig- 
?
restrictor  
restricter
n.ʣ

= =
restriction
re.stric.tion
AHD:[r1-str1kshn] 
D.J.[r!6str!k.*n]
K.K.[r!6str!k.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of restricting.
ƣ޶ƵΪ
The state of being restricted.
Լ״̬
Something that restricts; a regulation or limitation.
ԼأõĶ

= =
result
re.sult
AHD:[r1-z?lt] 
D.J.[r!6zJlt]
K.K.[r!6zJlt]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
re.sult.ed,re.sult.ing,re.sults 
To come about as a consequence.See Synonyms at follow 
Ϊμ follow
To end in a particular way:
ս᣺ķʽ
Their profligate lifestyle resulted in bankruptcy.
ǻӻʽµƲ
n.ʣ
The consequence of a particular action, operation, or course; an outcome.See Synonyms at effect 
һжл̵Ľμ effect
Often results A favorable or concrete outcome or effect:
  results ɹЧһĻоɹĽֻЧ
started studying and got immediate results.
ʼоյЧ
Mathematics The quantity or expression obtained by calculation.
ѧ 𰸣ͨõֵʽ
?
Middle English resulten 
йӢ resulten 
from Medieval Latin result3e 
Դ  result3e 
from Latin [to leap back] [frequentative of] resilore 
Դ  [Ծ]  [] resiloreظ 
re- [re-] 
re- [١¡] 
saloe [to leap] * see  sel- 
saloe [Ծ] *μ sel- 
?
resultful
adj.ݴʣ
resultfulness
n.ʣ
resultless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
resultant
re.sul.tant
AHD:[r1-z?ltnt] 
D.J.[r!6zJlt*nt]
K.K.[r!6zJlt*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Issuing or following as a consequence or result.
ΪģΪŲе
n.ʣ
Something that results; an outcome.

Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors.
ѧ ʸȼһһ
?
resultantly
adv.ʣ

= =
resume
re.sume
AHD:[r1-z?m] 
D.J.[r!6zu8m]
K.K.[r!6zum]
v.ʣ
re.sumed,re.sum.ing,re.sumes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To begin or take up again after interruption:
¿ʼжϺ¿ʼУ
resumed our dinner.
ǵ
To assume, take, or occupy again:
ȡãطٴγеȡûռݣ
The dog resumed its post by the door.
ֻٴռűߵλ
To take on or take back again:
²ã²ûȡأ
resumed my original name.
ʹҵԭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To begin again or continue after interruption.
жϺ¿ʼ
?
Middle English resumen 
йӢ resumen 
from Old French resumer 
Դ ŷ resumer 
from Latin res?e 
Դ  res?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ١¡] 
s?e [to take] * see  em- 
s?e [ȡ] *μ em- 
?
resumable
adj.ݴʣ
resumer
n.ʣ

= =
retail
re.tail
AHD:[r?t3l] 
D.J.[6ri87te!l]
K.K.[6ri7tel]
n.ʣ
The sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.
ֱۣС۸˿͵ĻƷ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or engaged in the sale of goods or commodities at retail.
۵ģƷ۵ġ֮йصĻ۵
adv.ʣ
In retail quantities.

At a retail price.
ۼ۸
v.ʣ
re.tailed,re.tail.ing,re.tails 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To sell in small quantities directly to consumers.
ۣСֱ۸˿
also [r1-t3l] To tell or repeat (gossip or stories, for example) to others.
Ҳ [r1-t3l] ˽ظл£
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sell at retail.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
variant of Old French [piece cut off] 
 ŷı [ȥƬ] 
from retaillier [to cut up] 
Դ retaillier [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ١] 
tailler [to cut] * see  tailor 
tailler [] *μ tailor
?
retailer
n.ʣ

= =
retain
re.tain
AHD:[r1-t3n] 
D.J.[r!6te!n]
K.K.[r!6ten]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.tained,re.tain.ing,re.tains д ret.
To maintain possession of.See Synonyms at keep 
ֲƲռвμ keep
To keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position.
ֻ֣άһĳλ
To keep in mind; remember.
Уס
To hire (an attorney, for example) by the payment of a fee.
ãѹãʦ
To keep in one's service or pay.
ĳ˵ķܹ״̬
?
Middle English retainen 
йӢ retainen 
from Old French retenir 
Դ ŷ retenir 
from Latin retin?e 
Դ  retin?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ١] 
ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
ten?e [ά] *μ ten- 
?
retainability
n.ʣ
retainable
adj.ݴʣ
retainment
n.ʣ

= =
retell
re.tell
AHD:[r?-tl] 
D.J.[ri86tel]
K.K.[ri6tWl]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.told[-t?ld] re.tell.ing,re.tells 
To relate or tell again or in a different form.
ٽ»Բͬʽ
To count again.


= =
retention
re.ten.tion
AHD:[r1-tnshn] 
D.J.[r!6ten.*n]
K.K.[r!6tWn.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of retaining.
ֵ֣Ϊ
The condition of being retained.
ֵ״̬
Capacity or power of retaining.

An ability to recall or recognize what has been learned or experienced; memory.
ʶѾѧ
Something retained.

Medicine Involuntary withholding of wastes or secretions that are normally eliminated.
ҽѧ ͣͣӦȥķĲԾı
?
Middle English retencioun 
йӢ retencioun 
from Old French retention 
Դ ŷ retention 
from Latin retenti?}  retenti?n- 
Դ  retenti?}  retenti?n- 
from retentus [past participle of] retin?re [to retain] * see  retain 
Դ retentus  [] retin?reĹȥִ [] *μ retain

= =
retire
re.tire
AHD:[r1-tor] 
D.J.[r!6ta!*]
K.K.[r!6ta!r]
v.ʣ
re.tired,re.tir.ing,re.tires 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To withdraw, as for rest or seclusion.
ˣ˳ΪϢӶ˳
To go to bed.
ޣϴ˯
To withdraw from one's occupation, business, or office; stop working.
ְĳ˴ְҵְ˳ֹͣ
To fall back or retreat, as from battle.
ȴˣ˻ˣսϳ
To move back or away; recede.
ˣ˻ػƿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to withdraw from one's usual field of activity:
ʹݣʹĳ˴ͨ˳
retired all executives at 55.
еԱ55
To lead (troops, for example) away from action; withdraw.
ʹˣ죨ӣӾж뿪˳
To take out of circulation:
ջأƱ֤˳ͨ
retired the bonds.
ʹծȯ˳ͨ
To withdraw from use or active service:
ϣֹͣʹãʹûڽеķ˳
retiring an old battleship.
ʹһҾս
Baseball 
 
To put out (a batter).
ʹ֣
To cause (the opposing team) to end a turn at bat.
ɱ֣ʹԷӣʧȥ
?
French retirer [to retreat] 
 retirer [] 
from Old French [to take back] 
Դ ŷ [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾˡ˼ǰ׺] 
tirer [to draw] * see  tier 1
tirer [ϣ] *μ tier1
?
Despite the upbeat books written about retiringand the fact that it is a well-earned time of relaxation from the daily rigors of work,many people do not find it a particularly pleasant 
prospect.Perhaps the etymology ofretire  may hint at why. The ultimate source of our word is the Old French wordretirer,  made up of the prefixre-,  meaning in this case back, and 
the verb tirer,  to draw, together meaning to take back or withdraw. The first use of the English wordretire  is recorded in 1533 in reference to a military force that withdraws.It is 
not until 1667 that we find the word used to mean to withdraw from a position for more leisure.In regard to the sting in all thiswe need to look at the source oftirer,  to draw, draw 
out, endure,which ultimately may be from Old Frenchmartir,  a martyr, probably reflecting the fact that martyrs had to endure the torture of being stretched up to and beyond the 
point of dislocating their bones.
йݵֹ鼮ԼǴճϿнųļʱʵ˲ûзرõĵطҲretire Դѧʾԭ 
Դǹŷﵥretirer  ڴָ󡱵ǰ׺re- ΪĶ tiver һɣΪػ˻ء Ӣﵥretire ʹ¼1553꣬ ָ˵
ӡֱ1667ǲŷָôڱΪõϾ˳ְλǵЩʵĸ溬壬бҪtirer ĴԴ Ϊ̣
ԴΪѳߡĹŷmartir  ܷӳһʵѳ߲òֱ֫Ŀ

= =
retort
retort 1
AHD:[r1-t?rt] 
D.J.[r!6t%8t]
K.K.[r!6t%rt]
v.ʣ
re.tort.ed,re.tort.ing,re.torts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner.See Synonyms at answer 
𸴣𸴣ָѸ١ǵķʽμ answer
To present a counterargument to.
ԡ
To return in kind; pay back.
ͬķʽر
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a reply, especially a quick, caustic, or witty one.
𸴣𸴣ָѸ١ǵĻش
To present a counterargument.

To return like for like; retaliate.

n.ʣ
A quick, incisive reply, especially one that turns the first speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage.
ظһѸ١Ĵ𸴣ָõһλߵĻʹ䴦ڲĵλ
The act or an instance of retorting.
Ϊʵ
?
Latin retorqu?e  retort- [to bend back, retort] 
 retorqu?e  retort- [䣬] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾظӦ] 
torqu?e [to bend, twist] * see  terk w- 
torqu?e [Ť] *μ terk w- 
?
retorter
n.ʣ
?
retort
retort 2
AHD:[r1-t?rt, r?t?rt] 
D.J.[r!6t%8t, 6ri87t%8t]
K.K.[r!6t%rt, 6ri7t%rt]
n.ʣ
A closed laboratory vessel with an outlet tube, used for distillation, sublimation, or decomposition by heat.
ƿڹܵʵҷڼֽ
?
French retorte 
 retorte 
from Medieval Latin retorta 
Դ  retorta 
from feminine of Latin retortus [past participle of] retorqu?re [to bend back] * see  retort 1
Դ  retortusԴ  [] retorqu?reĹȥִ [] *μ retort1

= =
retreat
re.treat
AHD:[r1-tr?t] 
D.J.[r!6tri8t]
K.K.[r!6trit]
n.ʣ
The act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant.
أȴΪָ̣ΣյġµĻ˲
The process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained.
ԭλḶ́ѻõλû״кƻȴĹ
A place affording peace, quiet, privacy, or security.See Synonyms at shelter 
Ӵ̩Ƨȫĵطμ shelter
A period of seclusion, retirement, or solitude.
ڼ䣺һӡӵʱ
A period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, and study:
˼ޣΪ˼ѧϰһμʱڣ
a religious retreat.
ڽ̾
Withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position or from an enemy attack.
ȫˣΣλû˹г˾
The signal for such withdrawal.
ֳ˵ź
A bugle call or drumbeat signaling the lowering of the flag at sunset, as on a military base.
ţƻʱ֪ͨĺھ»
The military ceremony of lowering the flag.
ӵĽʽ
v.ʣ
re.treat.ed,re.treat.ing,re.treats 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall or draw back; withdraw or retire.See Synonyms at recede 
˻أ˻ݲμ recede
To slope backward.
б
v.tr.Games ﶯʣϷ 
To move (a chess piece) back.
ƣӣ
?
Middle English retret 
йӢ retret 
from Old French retrait, retret [from past participle of] retraire, retrere [to draw back] 
Դ ŷ retrait, retret  [] Դretraire, retrereĹȥִ [] 
from Latin retrahere * see  retract 
Դ  retrahere *μ retract
?
retreater
n.ʣ

= =
retrieve
re.trieve
AHD:[r1-tr?v] 
D.J.[r!6tri8v]
K.K.[r!6triv]
v.ʣ
re.trieved,re.triev.ing,re.trieves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To get back; regain.
ȡأ»
To rescue or save.
ӪȻ
Sports To make a difficult but successful return of (a ball or shuttlecock, as in tennis or badminton).
˶ ӳ򣺣ëУסһѶȸߵĵɹĻ
To bring back again; revive or restore.
»ָʹջָ
To rectify the unfavorable consequences of; remedy.See Synonyms at recover 
ĲȲμ recover
To recall to mind; remember.
׷䣻
To find and carry back; fetch.
һأȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To find and bring back game:
ȡҵ
a dog trained to retrieve.
ѵҵĹ
n.ʣ
The act of retrieving; retrieval.
ȡأָȡػָжѰ
Sports A difficult but successful return of a ball or shuttlecock.
˶ ȳһѵĵȴɹĻ
?
Middle English retreven 
йӢ retreven 
from Old French retrover  retruev- 
Դ ŷ retrover  retruev- 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾٴΡ] 
trover [to find] * see  trover 
trover [Ѱ] *μ trover
?
retrievability
n.ʣ
retrievable
adj.ݴʣ
retrievably
adv.ʣ

= =
retrospect
ret.ro.spect
AHD:[rtr-spkt] 
D.J.[6retr*7spekt]
K.K.[6rWtr*7spWkt]
n.ʣ
A review, survey, or contemplation of things in the past.
عˣԹȥĻعˡȻ˼
v.ʣ
ret.ro.spect.ed,ret.ro.spect.ing,ret.ro.spects 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To contemplate the past.
عˣ룺Թȥлع
To refer back.
׷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look back on or contemplate (things past).
׷ݻ˼ȥ飩
?
in retrospect
Looking backward or reviewing the past.
ع˻˼ȥ
?
From Latin *retr?s [past participle of] retr?spicere [to look back at] 
Դ  *retr?s  [] retr?spicereĹȥִ [ع] 
retr?- [retro-] 
retr?- [ʾ] 
specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 
?
retrospection
n.ʣ

= =
return
re.turn
AHD:[r1-t?rn] 
D.J.[r!6tT8n]
K.K.[r!6tPn]
v.ʣ
re.turned,re.turn.ing,re.turns 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go or come back, as to an earlier condition or place.
أȥصһȵ״̬λ
To revert in speech, thought, or practice.
»صݽ˼ʵлָԭ״
To revert to a former owner.
黹黹ȵ
To answer or respond.
ش𣬷Ӧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send, put, or carry back:
ĻءŻػأ
We return bottles to the store.
ǽƿͻ̵
To give or send back in reciprocation:
رΪر
She returned his praise.
رĿ佱
To give back to the owner:
黹ˣ
He returned her book.
黹
To reflect or send back:
ͻأ
The echo was returned by the canyon wall.
Ͽȱڴ
To produce or yield (profit or interest) as a payment for labor, investment, or expenditure.
Ϣ棩֧ΪͶͶʻı
Law 
ɡ 
To submit (an official report, for example) to a judge or other person in authority.
ʽı棩򷨹ٻȨʿݽٷ棩
To render or deliver (a writ or verdict, for example) to the proper officer or court of law.
ʵݣйعԱͥṩͣ磬һ״þ
To elect or reelect, as to a legislative body.
ѡ٣ѡѡ
Games To respond to (a partner's lead) by leading the same suit in cards.
Ϸ ͬɫƣͨͬһ໨ɫӦ𣨴ƣ
Architecture To turn away from or place at an angle to the previous line of direction.
ѧ תӣʹƫԭԭ߳һǶȵĵط
Sports To send back (a tennis ball, for example) to one's opponent.
˶ 򣺽ظ֣磬
Football To run with (the ball) after a kickoff, a punt, an interception, or a fumble.
 򷴹ڿػʧĴ
n.Abbr. ret.ʣд ret.
The act or condition of going, coming, bringing, or sending back.
ع飬˻ȥͻصΪ״̬
The act of bringing or sending something back to a previous place, condition, or owner.
鷵ԭĳõ͵ԭĵط״Ϊ
Something brought or sent back.
˻֮
returns Merchandise returned, as to a retailer by a consumer or to a wholesaler by a retailer.
 returns ˻˿˻ظ̵Ʒ˻ظ̵Ʒ
Something that goes or comes back.
֮һЩܻȥĶ
A recurrence, as of a periodic occasion or event:
ڣԵĻ¼֣
the return of spring.
ٶ
Something exchanged for that received; repayment.
񣬴лرƷر
A reply; a response.
ش𣻷Ӧ
The profit made on an exchange of goods.
棺ڻｻлõ
Often returns A profit or yield, as from labor or investments.
  returns ͶͶʲ
Output or yield per unit rather than cost per unit, as in the manufacturing of a particular product.
λƷÿλɱĳƷ
A report, list, or set of statistics, especially one that is formal or official.
棺ʽٷı桢һͳ
Often returns A report on the vote in an election.
  returns ѡٹ棺ѡеѡƱ
Chiefly British An election.
Ӣ ѡ
Games A lead in certain card games that responds to the lead of one's partner.
Ϸ ͬɫƣĳЩֽϷΪӦĳ˶
Sports In tennis and certain other sports:
˶ ˶
The act of sending the ball back to one's opponent.
ػֵΪ
The ball thus sent back.
ص
Football 
 
The act of running back the ball after a kickoff, a punt, an interception, or a fumble.
򷴹ڿػʧĴΪ
The yardage so gained.
˵õķ
Architecture 
ѧ 
The extension of a molding, projection, or other part at an angle (usually 90=) to the main part.
תӣװͻ岿ֳһǶȣͨ90=
A part of a building set at an angle to the fa?ade.
һ֣뽨һǶȵĽ
A turn, bend, or similar reversal of direction, as in a stream or road.
ѣۣˮ·ת䡢ƵĻת
A pipe or conduit for carrying something, especially water, back to its starting point.
йܵĳָˮʼĹӻܵ
The key or mechanism on a machine, such as a typewriter or computer, that positions the carriage, cursor, or printing element at the beginning of a new line.
мֻϵļװãµһпʼʱּܡӡλµһеλ
Chiefly British A roundtrip ticket.
Ӣ Ʊ
Law 
ɡ 
The bringing or sending back of a writ, subpoena, or other document, generally with a short written report on it, by a sheriff or other officer to the court from which it was issued.
飺״㱨顢ƱļĴػͻأһϸһ̵ı棬˾ٻԱ䷢ǵķͥ
A certified report by an assessor, an election officer, a collector, or another official.
춨棺ѡٹԱ˰ԱԱ֤
A formal tax statement on the required official form indicating taxable income, allowed deductions, exemptions, and the computed tax that is due.Also called  In this sense, also called 
income tax return ,tax return 
˰걨飺ٷҪĸʽдʽ˰񱨸棬Ӧ˰ֵ룬ۿ۳˰ӦĹ˰ֵҲ  ڴҲɳ income tax return,tax return
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or bringing about a going or coming back to a place or situation:
س̵ģʹȥһط״̬ģ
the return voyage; a return envelope.
õŷ
Given, sent, or done in reciprocation or exchange:
ػģģΪر򽻻衢ͻɵģ
a return volley; a return invitation.
ػ
Performed, presented, or taking place again:
ٶݳģٴαݡֻģ
a return engagement of the ballet; a return tennis match.
ٴݳٴξ
Used on or for returning:
ģڷصĻΪ˷صģ
a return route.
·
Returning or affording return or recirculation:
ѭģءṩػѭģ
a return plumbing pipe; a return valve.
ѭˮװã
Relating to or being a roundtrip ticket.
˫Ʊģ˫̳ƱйصĻ˫̳Ʊ
Reversing or changing direction.
תı䷽
Having or formed by a reversal or change in direction; returning on itself, as a bend in a road or stream.
ѵģ·ˮU
?
in return
In repayment or reciprocation.
رģΪرظ
?
Middle English retornen 
йӢ retornen 
from Old French retourner 
Դ ŷ retourner 
from Vulgar Latin *retorn3e 
Դ  *retorn3e 
Latin re- [re-] 
 re- [ʾظġ] 
Latin torn3e [to turn in a lathe] * see  turn 
 torn3e [ڳת] *μ turn
?
returner
n.ʣ
?
return,revert,recur,recrudesce
These verbs refer to coming or going back, as to a place, position, or condition.
Щָصĳطλû״̬
 Return  is the least specific: 
 Return  ģ 
Thus with the year/Seasons return (John Milton). 
һ/ڵĵ Լֶ٣ 
Not the poem which we have read, but that to which we  return . . . possesses the genuine power, and claims the name of  essential poetry   (Samuel Taylor Coleridge). 
Ѷ ʫ ĶЩʫ  ʫ   Ѷ̩ա¶Σ 
I shall return (Douglas MacArthur).
һ ˹˰ɪ
 Revert  refers to returning to an earlier, often less desirable condition, practice, subject, or belief: 
 Revert  ָصһġ̫ͨ״̬ϰס 
Part of them . . . reverted to their former prejudices in regard to Lincoln (Baron Charnwood).
еһָ֡ȶֿϵƫ ס£
 Recur  means to occur or come up again, often repeatedly: 
 Recur  ָظز 
We thought we had disposed of the problem, but it kept recurring. Torecrudesce  is to come into renewed activity after a period of quiescence:  
Ϊѽ⣬ǲϵس֡ Recrudesce ǾһʱڵĳźֻԾ  
It [a visual art genre] has wilted in latter decades, but recrudesced in recent years  (Earl W. Count).See also Synonyms at  reciprocate 
 ںļʮ˥ˣָ  Wأμͬ reciprocate

= =
reveal
reveal 1
AHD:[r1-v?l] 
D.J.[r!6vi8l]
K.K.[r!6vil]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.vealed,re.veal.ing,re.veals 
To make known (something concealed or secret):
¶й¶ʹĳЩص»ܣΪ֪
revealed a confidence.
й¶
To bring to view; show.
ʹ¶ʾ
To make known by supernatural or divine means:
ʾĬʾͨȻѧķʽʹΪ֪
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven(Romans 1:18)
ϵ۵ķŭǴ¶ġ(1:18)
?
Middle English revelen 
йӢ revelen 
from Old French reveler 
Դ ŷ reveler 
from Latin rev?3re} 
Դ  rev?3re} 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ٣֡ǰ׺] 
v?3re} [to cover]  from v?m [veil] 
v?3re} []  Դ v?m [ɴ] 
?
revealable
adj.ݴʣ
revealer
n.ʣ
revealment
n.ʣ
?
reveal,expose,disclose,divulge,betray
These verbs signify to make known what has been or ought to be kept from the knowledge of others.
Щʶָʹ֪ӦΪ֪ĶΪ֪
 Reveal  suggests uncovering what has been concealed: 
 Reveal  ¶ص 
He was glad it was to him she had revealed her secret (Edith Wharton).Toexpose  is to lay bare to public scrutiny:  
ܸԼܸ ˹׶٣Expose ǽ¶ϸ죺  
In a slip of the tongue the schemer exposed his true motivation.
ıһʱ¶ԼĶ
Disclose  means to make known as if by removing a cover: 
Disclose  ָͨȥʹΪ֪ 
The journalist refused to disclose the source of her information.
߾ܾ͸¶ϢԴ
Divulge  often implies the improper revelation of something private or secret: 
Divulge  ָ˽ܵĲй¶ 
And whatsoever I shall see or hear in the course of my profession . . . if it be what should not be published abroad, I will never divulge, holding such things to be holy secrets 
(Hippocratic Oath).Tobetray  is to make known in a breach of trust or confidence:  
ְҵģǲӦڹ⹫ģҽй¶ǣЩΪʥܡ ϣģBetray ָͨͱ
ʹΪ֪  
A servant . . . betrayed their presence . . . to the Germans (William Styron).The term can also mean to reveal against one's desire or will: 
ˡ¹й¶ڳܡ ˹ףҲָΥĳ˵ԸԸй¶ 
Her comment betrayed annoyance. 
͸¶ŭ 
?
reveal
reveal 2
AHD:[r1-v?l] 
D.J.[r!6vi8l]
K.K.[r!6vil]
n.ʣ
The part of the side of a window or door opening that is between the outer surface of a wall and the window or door frame.
ţߣǽʹȻ֮Ĳ
The whole side of such an opening; the jamb.
࣬Ųࣺڲֵ棻
The framework of a motor vehicle window.
ģĿ
?
From Middle English revalen [to lower] 
Դ йӢ revalen [] 
from Old French revaler 
Դ ŷ revaler 
re- [re-] 
re- [ʾ뿪] 
avaler [to lower]  from a val [down]  a [to]  from Latin ad * see  ad-  val [valley] * see  vale 1
avaler []  Դ a val []  a []  Դ  ad *μ ad- val [ɽ] *μ vale1

= =
revelation
rev.e.la.tion
AHD:[rv-l3shn] 
D.J.[7rev*6le!.*n]
K.K.[7rWv*6le.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of revealing or disclosing.
ʾ¶ʾ¶Ϊ
Something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of something not previously known or realized.
ʾࣺ¶Ķָδ֪δʶĶϷԽ¶
Theology A manifestation of divine will or truth.
ѧ ʾĬʾ
Revelation Abbr. Rev.,Rv.Bible See table at Bible 
 Revelation д Rev.,Rv.ʥ μ Bible
?
Middle English revelacion 
йӢ revelacion 
from Old French revelation 
Դ ŷ revelation 
from Latin rev?3ti?}  rev?l3ti?n- 
Դ  rev?3ti?}  rev?l3ti?n- 
from rev?3tus} [past participle of] rev?l3re [to reveal] * see  reveal 1
Դ rev?3tus}  [] rev?l3reĹȥִ [¶] *μ reveal1

= =
revenge
re.venge
AHD:[r1-vnj] 
D.J.[r!6vend9]
K.K.[r!6vWnd9]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.venged,re.veng.ing,re.veng.es 
To inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult).
𣬱Ϊԣ˺裩Ļرʩӵĳͷ
To seek or take vengeance for (oneself or another person); avenge.
֮ΪĳԼˣ򸴳Ϊ
n.ʣ
The act of taking vengeance for injuries or wrongs; retaliation.
𣬱Ϊ˺ԩеıжر
Something done in vengeance; a retaliatory measure.
Ϊĳ£ֶ
A desire for revenge; spite or vindictiveness.
ģԸԹ޻򱨸
An opportunity to retaliate, as by a return sports match after a defeat.
ѩܻ᣺Ļᣬʧܺٽеһα
?
Middle English revengen 
йӢ revengen 
from Old French revengier 
Դ ŷ revengier 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾر] 
vengier [to take revenge]  from Latin vindic3e [to avenge]  from vindex  vindic- [avenger] * see  deik- 
vengier []  Դ  vindic3e []  Դ vindex  vindic- [] *μ deik- 
?
revenger
n.ʣ

= =
reverse
re.verse
AHD:[r1-v?rs] 
D.J.[r!6vT8s]
K.K.[r!6vPs]
adj.Abbr. rev.ݴʣд rev.
Turned backward in position, direction, or order.
ߵģλáת
Having the back showing or in view of the observer.
ģ¶Ļ򱳶Թ۲ߵ
Moving, acting, or organized in a manner contrary to the usual.
ģͨ෴ķʽƶж֯
Causing backward movement:
תģ˶ģ
a reverse gear.

Printing Printed in such a way that the normally colored part appears white against a colored or black background.
ӡˢ ɫתģһʹɫɫɫıϿǰɫķʽӡˢ
n.Abbr. rev.ʣд rev.
The opposite or contrary:
෴ߵ෴෴ķ棺
All along we thought Sue was older than Bill, but just the reverse was true.
һֱΪձȱȶ󣬶ʵǡǡ෴
The back or rear part.
棺󷽵Ĳ
The side of a coin or medal that does not carry the principal design; the verso.
棺ǮһδҪƵһ棻
A change to an opposite position, condition, or direction.
ת෴λá״̬ĸı
A change in fortune from better to worse; a setback:
ùϴӸõĸı䣻µ
suffered financial reverses.
ܲ
A mechanism, such as a gear in a motor vehicle, that is used to reverse movement.
װãת˶Ļеṹ綯乤еĳ
The position or operating condition of such a mechanism.
һеλû״̬
Movement in an opposite direction.
ˣ෴ϵ˶
Football An offensive play in which a back running in one direction executes a handoff to a back running in the opposite direction.
 һֽϷһһܵĺ򴫸෴ܵĺ
v.ʣ
re.versed,re.vers.ing,re.vers.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To turn around to the opposite direction.
תת෴
To turn inside out or upside down.
ⷭķߵ
To exchange the positions of; transpose.
Իλãʹλ
Law To revoke or annul (a decision or decree, for example).
ɡ ȡһо
To cause to adopt a contrary viewpoint.
Ʒʹȡ෴۵
To change to the opposite:
ȡʹΪ෴ģ
reversed their planned course of action.
ȡǵļƻж
To cause (an engine or a mechanism) to function in reverse.
ʹתʹеװã
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn or move in the opposite direction.
У෴תƶ
To reverse the action of an engine.
תʹ
?
reverse (one's) field
To turn and proceed in the opposite direction.
෴˶෴ķתƽ
?
Middle English revers 
йӢ revers 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin reversus [past participle of] revertere [to turn back] * see  revert 
Դ  reversus  [] revertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ revert
?
reversely
adv.ʣ
reverser
n.ʣ
?
reverse,invert,transpose
These verbs are compared as they mean to change to the opposite position, direction, or course.
ЩʶΪı䵽෴λáʱǽбȽϡ
 Reverse  implies a complete turning about to a contrary position: 
 Reverse  ָȫת෴λã 
reversed the paintings for a more satisfying effect. Toinvert  is basically to turn something upside down or inside out, but the term may imply placing something in a reverse order: 
ת滭ƷԵõЧ Invert ָĳﵹûת棬 ˴ʿָ෴˳ĳ 
inverted and aired the mattress;
תΪɴ
inverting subject and verb to form an interrogative.
Ͷγ
Transpose  applies to altering position in a sequence by reversing or changing the order: 
Transpose  ָͨתı˳ıϵλã 
often misspells receive by transposing the  e and the  i. 
ߵe  iλöƴ receive  

= =
review
re.view
AHD:[r1-vy?] 
D.J.[r!6vju8]
K.K.[r!6vju]
v.ʣ
re.viewed,re.view.ing,re.views 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look over, study, or examine again.
ϰ飺ϸ쿴о
To consider retrospectively; look back on.
عˣعԵؿǣԡлع
To examine with an eye to criticism or correction:
ۣ۹飺
reviewed the research findings.
о
To write or give a critical report on (a new work or performance, for example).
дۣһΪд
Law To reexamine (an action or a determination) judicially, especially in a higher court, in order to correct possible errors.
ɡ ΪжþܷĴйظ飬ָڽϸ߷ͥ
To subject to a formal inspection, especially a military inspection.
ıʹʽӲ飬ָ¼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go over or restudy material:
ϰϰϰоϣ
reviewing for a final exam.
ϰ׼ĩ
To write critical reviews, especially for a newspaper or magazine.
дۣдָۣΪֽ־д
n.Abbr. rev.ʣд rev.
A reexamination or reconsideration.
ٵ飺¼¿
A retrospective view or survey.
飬ģع˵Ĺ۵
A restudying of subject matter.
ϰо
An exercise for use in restudying material.
ҵϰоʹõϰ
An inspection or examination for the purpose of evaluation.
Ϊ۶еӲ
A report or an essay giving a critical estimate of a work or performance.
ۣһΪ۵ı
A periodical devoted to articles and essays on current affairs, literature, or art.
רۣʱ¡ѧ»۵ڿ
A formal military inspection.
ʽıʽľ¼
A formal military ceremony held in honor of a person or an occasion.
ʽıʽΪø˻ش¼еʽ
Law A judicial reexamination, especially by a higher court, of an action or a determination.
ɡ 󣺷ͥԷΪþ飬ָͨ߼ͥе
A musical show consisting of often satirical skits, songs, and dances; a revue.
ʱµĻϷͨɷ̶̾硢赸ɵֱݾ磻ʱ·̾
?
Probably from Middle English [inspection of military forces] 
Դ йӢ [Ӳ] 
from Old French revue [review] [from feminine past participle of] reveeir [to see again] 
Դ ŷ revue []  [] ԴreveeirԹȥִ [ٿ] 
from Latin revid?e 
Դ  revid?e 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺֣١] 
vid?e [to see] * see  weid- 
vid?e [] *μ weid- 
?
reviewable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
revise
re.vise
AHD:[r1-voz] 
D.J.[r!6va!z]
K.K.[r!6va!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.vised,re.vis.ing,re.vis.es 
To prepare a newly edited version of (a text).
޶׼̿飩±汾
To reconsider and change or modify:
޸ģ¿ǲı޸ģ
I have revised my opinion of him.See Synonyms at correct 
¿˶μ correct
n.ʣ
AHD:[r?voz, r1-voz] д rev.ӡˢ 
A proof made from an earlier proof on which corrections have been made.
ĽУУ
?
Latin revoe [to visit again, look at again] 
 revoe [ٴιۿٿ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾ١] 
voe [frequentative of] vid?re [to see] * see  review 
voe  [] vid?reظ [] *μ review
?
revisable
adj.ݴʣ
reviser  
revisor
n.ʣ

= =
revive
re.vive
AHD:[r1-vov] 
D.J.[r!6va!v]
K.K.[r!6va!v]
v.ʣ
re.vived,re.viv.ing,re.vives 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate.
ʹʹָʹջѣʹ
To impart new health, vigor, or spirit to.
ʹܣԭµĽ
To restore to use, currency, activity, or notice.
ʹʹУʹʹáͨע
To restore the validity or effectiveness of.
ʹָЧָЧԻЧ
To renew in the mind; recall.
ѣ֣
To present (an old play, for example) again.
ݣٴݣɵϷ磩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To return to life or consciousness.
գָػ֪
To regain health, vigor, or good spirits.
ָػ񽡿õľ
To return to use, currency, or notice.
Уعʹáͨע
To return to validity, effectiveness, or operative condition.
ЧָЧԡЧ״̬
?
Middle English reviven 
йӢ reviven 
from Old French revivre 
Դ ŷ revivre 
from Latin revoe [to live again] 
Դ  revoe [] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾ٣֡˼] 
voe [to live] * see  g wei- 
voe [] *μ g wei- 
?
revivable
adj.ݴʣ
reviver
n.ʣ
?
revive,restore,resuscitate,revivify
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to give renewed well-being, vitality, or strength to: 
ЩʹеĺǡָĿ֡ 
rains that revive lawns and flowers;
ʹƺͻָꣻ
an invalid restored by quiet and fresh air;
ͨʵĿָĲˣ
resuscitating old hopes and aspirations;
˾ɵϣԸ
a celebration that revivified our spirits. 
Ǿ 

= =
revolt
re.volt
AHD:[r1-v?lt] 
D.J.[r!6v*&lt]
K.K.[r!6volt]
v.ʣ
re.volt.ed,re.volt.ing,re.volts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To attempt to overthrow the authority of the state; rebel.
ѣңͼ߸Ȩ
To oppose or refuse to accept something:
ΥԻܾĳ£
revolting against high taxes.
Ը˰
To feel disgust or repugnance:
񣺸е
to revolt at a public display of cruelty.
ԲпΪĹչʾе
To turn away in revulsion or abhorrence:
У뿪
They revolted from the sight.
Ǿ뿪
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill with disgust or abhorrence; repel.See Synonyms at disgust 
񣺳ʹμ disgust
n.ʣ
An uprising, especially against state authority; a rebellion.See Synonyms at rebellion 
ѣңѱ䣬ָԹȨѲμ rebellion
An act of protest or rejection.
ΥܳΪ
The state of a person or persons in rebellion:
ѣڷе˻˵״̬
students in revolt over administrative policies.
ڿ״̬еѧ
?
French revolter 
 revolter 
from Italian rivoltare [to turn round] 
Դ  rivoltare [תת] 
from Vulgar Latin *revolvit3e 
Դ  *revolvit3e 
frequentative of Latin revolvere [to turn over] * see  revolve 
  revolvereظ [ת] *μ revolve
?
revolter
n.ʣ

= =
revolution
rev.o.lu.tion
AHD:[rv-l?shn] 
D.J.[7rev*6lu8.*n]
K.K.[7rWv*6lu.*n]
n.Abbr. rev.ʣд rev.
Orbital motion about a point, especially as distinguished from axial rotation:
תתΧһĹ˶ָתģ
the planetary revolution about the sun.
̫ת
A turning or rotational motion about an axis.
תΧһתת˶
A single complete cycle of such orbital or axial motion.
תع˶ĵһ
The overthrow of one government and its replacement with another.See Synonyms at rebellion 
һĵ߸һμ rebellion
A sudden or momentous change in a situation:
һµͻȻ˲ʱı䣺
the revolution in computer technology.

Geology A time of major crustal deformation, when folds and faults are formed.
ѧ ͶϲγʱҪĵؿ˶
?
Middle English revolucioun 
йӢ revolucioun 
from Old French revolution 
Դ ŷ revolution 
from Late Latin revol??}  revol?ti?n- 
Դ  revol??}  revol?ti?n- 
from Latin revol?s [past participle of] revolvere [to turn over] * see  revolve 
Դ  revol?s  [] revolvereĹȥִ [ת] *μ revolve

= =
revolutionary
rev.o.lu.tion.ar.y
AHD:[rv-l?sh-nr?] 
D.J.[7rev*6lu8.*7neri8]
K.K.[7rWv*6lu.*7nWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Often Revolutionary Of, relating to, or being a revolution:
  Revolutionary ģڡйػڸģ
revolutionary war; a museum of the Revolutionary era.
սʱ
Bringing about or supporting a political or social revolution:
Ծģ֧λģ
revolutionary pamphlets.
ָ֧С
Characterized by or resulting in radical change:
սģԸԸıΪĻ¼仯ģ
a revolutionary discovery.
Եķ
n.ʣ
 rev.o.lu.tion.ar.ies 
A militant in the struggle for revolution.
ߣΪĶеĻս
A supporter of revolutionary principles.
ԭ֧
?
revolutionarily
adv.ʣ
revolutionariness
n.ʣ

= =
revolve
re.volve
AHD:[r1-v?lv] 
D.J.[r!6vKlv]
K.K.[r!6v$lv]
v.ʣ
re.volved,re.volv.ing,re.volves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To orbit a central point.
תתĵ
To turn on an axis; rotate.See Synonyms at turn 
תתμ turn
To recur in cycles or at periodic intervals.
ѭлԼظ
To be held in the mind and considered in turn.
˼в
To be centered:
Ϊģ
Their troubles revolve around money management.
ǵ鷳ΧŽǮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to revolve.
ת
To ponder or reflect on.
˼
?
Middle English revolven [to change direction] 
йӢ revolven [ı䷽] 
from Old French revolver [to reflect upon] 
Դ ŷ revolver [] 
from Latin revolvere [to turn over, roll back, reflect upon] 
Դ  revolvere [תأ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ǰ׺ʾ١] 
volvere [to roll] * see  wel- 2
volvere [] *μ wel- 2
?
revolvable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
reward
re.ward
AHD:[r1-w?rd] 
D.J.[r!6w%8d]
K.K.[r!6w%rd]
n.ʣ
Something given or received in recompense for worthy behavior or in retribution for evil acts.
𣬱ӦΪӦΪͻΪаľֹرյĳЩ
Money offered or given for some special service, such as the return of a lost article or the capture of a criminal.See Synonyms at bonus 
ΪĳЩṩĽǮ綪ʧƷĹ黹ӵĲμ bonus
A satisfying return or result; profit.
Ӯ棺Ļر
Psychology The return for performance of a desired behavior; positive reinforcement.
ѧ ͣǿΪϣľٶõĻرǿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
re.ward.ed,re.ward.ing,re.wards 
To give a reward to or for.
𣺸Ϊ轱
To satisfy or gratify; recompense.
ʹˣ
?
Middle English reward 
йӢ reward 
from Anglo-Norman [reward] 
Դ Ӣ [] 
from rewarder [to take notice of] 
Դ rewarder [ע] 
re- [intensive pref.]  from Latin * see  re-  warder [to guard, watch over]  [of Germanic origin] * see  wer- 3
re- [ǿǰ׺]  Դ  *μ re- warder [䣬]  [Դ] *μ wer- 3
?
rewardable
adj.ݴʣ
rewarder
n.ʣ

= =
rhythm
rhythm
AHD:[r1Ym] 
D.J.[6r!H*m]
K.K.[6r!H*m]
n.ʣ
Movement or variation characterized by the regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or conditions:
࣬ɶԹֻͬ״̬ĸıΪص˶ࣺ
the rhythm of the tides.
ϫѭ
The patterned, recurring alternations of contrasting elements of sound or speech.
йɵı䶯ݽĶԱԪиʽģֵĸı
Music 
֡ 
A regular pattern formed by a series of notes of differing duration and stress.
ɣɣһϵвͬʱ估γɵйɵʽ
A specific kind of such a pattern:
ģʽĳһͣ
a waltz rhythm.
Ƚ
A group of instruments supplying the rhythm in a band.
ֶṩɵһ豸
The pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in quantitative verse.
ɣضضɵʽΪ׼гڵɵʽ
The similar but less formal sequence of sounds in prose.
ɣɢƵôʽ˳
A specific kind of metrical pattern or flow:
ɣɣضʽ
iambic rhythm.

The sense of temporal development created in a work of literature or a film by the arrangement of formal elements such as the length of scenes, the nature and amount of dialogue, or 
the repetition of motifs.
ͣʽɷ֣粼ȣԻʺּظţѧƷӰдʱʱչĺ
A regular or harmonious pattern created by lines, forms, and colors in painting, sculpture, and other visual arts.
ȳƣڻ滭ܼӾƷͨʽɫһֹĻгʽ
The pattern of development produced in a literary or dramatic work by repetition of elements such as words, phrases, incidents, themes, images, and symbols.
ѧƷĽࣺͨ絥ʡȳɷֵظѧϷƷвչʽ
Procedure or routine characterized by regularly recurring elements, activities, or factors:
ɣйظԪءΪĳ򳣹棺
the rhythm of civilization; the rhythm of the lengthy negotiations.
̸̣еĽ
?
Latin rhythmus 
 rhythmus 
from Greek rhuthmos * see  sreu- 
Դ ϣ rhuthmos *μ sreu- 
?
rhythm,meter,cadence
These nouns are compared as they denote the regular patterned ebb and rise of accented and unaccented sounds, especially in music, speech, or verse.
ЩΪйɵʽضضڵĽͺʱ֡˵У
 Rhythm,  the most comprehensive,suggests the recurring flow of alternating elements: 
 Rhythm  ۺԣָıŵĳɷֵظ 
the rhythm of the seasons;
ڵĸ棻
the rhythms of life.
Ľɡ
Rhythm was described by Schopenhauer as melody deprived of its pitch (Edith Sitwell).
ɱ屾Ϊɥʧ ˹˹Τ
 Meter  applies in poetry to any of various measured rhythmic patterns ( 
 Meter  ʫӦһֲͬƵĽʽ 
elegiac meter)  and in music to the combining of rhythmic pulses into measures of equal time value ( 
ɣ ڽ໯ϳΪʱֵı׼( 
duple meter). 
˫ؽ) 
 Cadence  refers especially to the fall of the voice in speech ( 
 Cadence  ָ˵ɤĽ( 
end a sentence with a cadence)  and to balanced rhythmic flow,as in poetry (the cadence of the sea ). 
Խ͵һ) ƽʫ( ) 

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rib
rib
AHD:[r1b] 
D.J.[r!b]
K.K.[r!b]
n.ʣ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
One of a series of long, curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in human beings and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.
߹ǣʮԳֵһϵгģĹͷӼ׵ع
A similar bone in most vertebrates.
׵Ʋ֣׵ƵĹͷ
A part or piece similar to a rib and serving to shape or support:
߹֮߹λ֧ŵһֻһƬ
the rib of an umbrella.
ɡ
A cut of meat enclosing one or more rib bones.
Χ߹ǵ⣺Χһ߹ǵһµ
Nautical One of many curved members attached to a boat or ship's keel and extending upward and outward to form the framework of the hull.
 ߲ģڴִϼγɴǿܵ
One of many transverse pieces that provide an airplane wing with shape and strength.
ɻСǲ֣ΪշɻĻκṩǿȵĺ򲿷
Architecture 
ѧ 
An arch or a projecting arched member of a vault.
ԲνṹĹͻβ
One of the curved pieces of an arch.
Բ䣺
A raised ridge or wale in knitted material or in cloth.
͹ƣڱ֯¡ļ
Botany The main vein or any of the prominent veins of a leaf or other plant organ.
ֲѧ ҶҶӻֲٵҪһͻ
Slang A teasing remark or action; a joke.
ٵ ŪŪۻΪЦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ribbed,rib.bing,ribs 
To shape, support, or provide with a rib or ribs.
֧ţ֧Żṩһ״
To make with ridges or raised markings.
üƻ
Informal To tease or make fun of.See Synonyms at banter 
ʽ ŪϷŪμ banter
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ribb 
Դ Ӣ ribb 

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ribbon
rib.bon
AHD:[r1bn] 
D.J.[6r!b*n]
K.K.[6r!b*n]
n.ʣ
A narrow strip or band of fine fabric, such as satin or velvet, finished at the edges and used for trimming, tying, or finishing.
дԵβΡϵεľϸ֯л޵խ
Something, such as a tape measure, that resembles a ribbon.
ڴӵĳЩ
A long, thin strip:
ϸ
a ribbon of land along the shore.
ź̲һϸش
ribbons Tattered or ragged strips:
 ribbons ״õĻƾɵĴӣ
a dress torn to ribbons.
˺һ·
An inked strip of cloth used for making an impression, as in a typewriter.
ɫӡǵĽīֻе
A band of colored cloth signifying membership in an order or the award of a prize.
練δһɫζеȼĳԱʸ򽱽İ䷢
A strip of colored cloth worn on the left breast of a uniform to indicate the award of a medal or decoration.
ѫƷϵһɫԱʾ»װ
ribbons Informal Reins for driving horses.
 ribbons ʽ Ϊõ
See  ledger board 
μ  ledger board 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rib.boned,rib.bon.ing,rib.bons 
To decorate or tie with ribbons.
ô״װλϵ
To tear into ribbons or shreds.
˺һһƬƬ
?
Middle English ribban, riban 
йӢ ribban, riban 
from Old French ruban 
Դ ŷ ruban 
[probably of Germanic origin] * see  bhendh- 
[ǵԴ] *μ bhendh- 
?
ribbony
adj.ݴʣ

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rice
rice
AHD:[ros] 
D.J.[ra!s]
K.K.[ra!s]
n.ʣ
A cereal grass(Oryza sativa)  that is cultivated extensively in warm climates and is a staple food throughout the world. 
ˮ㷺ֲůеһֹ ˹ֲĵ ȫһҪʳ 
The starchy edible seed of this plant.
Ŵףֲĺ۵Ŀʳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
rice paddies; rice pudding.
ǣﲼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
riced,ric.ing,ric.es 
To sieve (food) to the consistency of rice.
ɸѡ׵ļӲɸѡʳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French ris 
Դ ŷ ris 
from Old Italian riso 
Դ  riso 
from Latin oryza 
Դ  oryza 
from Greek oruza 
Դ ϣ oruza 
[of Indo-Iranian origin] 
[ԴӡԴ] 
?
Rice
RiceJerry Lee (Born 1962)
NONE޴ԣ
American football player. A wide receiver who joined the San Francisco 49ers in 1985, he held 13 National Football League records by 1997, including career receptions and career 
yardage.
˹ʽѡ֡1985ɽɽ49˶ӵԱ1997ʱ13ȫ˵ļ¼ְҵĽ
?
Rice
Rice
AHD:[ros] Elmer Leopold (1892-1967) 
D.J.[ra!s]
K.K.[ra!s]
NONE޴ԣ
American playwright noted forThe Adding Machine  (1923) and Street Scene  (1929). 
˹Ĭ²£(1892-1967) ңԡӷ 1923꣩ ־ 1929꣩ 

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rich
rich
AHD:[r1ch] 
D.J.[r!t.]
K.K.[r!t.]
adj.ݴʣ
rich.er,rich.est 
Possessing great material wealth:
Ǯģӵо޴ʲƸģ
Now that he was rich he was not thought ignorant any more, but simply eccentric(Mavis Gallant)
ܸУٱ֪ģֻǹŹֵġ(ά˹)
Having great worth or value:
ḻģо޴ĲƸֵģ
a rich harvest of grain.
ľ޴
Magnificent; sumptuous:
ģûʵģģ
a rich brocade.
Ľ
Having an abundant supply:
ḻģзḻĹӦƷģ
rich in ideas.
ḻĴ
Abounding, especially in natural resources:
ֵģḻģָȻԴḻģ
rich land.
ĵ
Meaningful and significant:
Ҫģ
a rich sense of the transaction between writer and reader(William Zinsser)
֮Ľ(ɪ)
Very productive and therefore financially profitable:
ḻģǳЧģ
rich seams of coal.
ú
Containing a large amount of choice ingredients, such as butter, sugar, or eggs, and therefore unusually heavy or sweet:
Ӫɷֵģѡɷ֣͡ǻ򼦵ģͬѰģ
a rich dessert.
Ӫḻ
Having or exuding a strong or pungent aroma:
ģлǿһ̱ǵζģ
Texas air is so rich you can nourish off it like it was food(Edna Ferber)
ÿ˹ݵĿ˴񣬾ʳһʹܴлȡӪ(ȡѲ)
Pleasantly full and mellow:
ģģõطͳģ
a rich tenor voice.
и
Warm and strong in color:
ɫŨҶ޵ģ
a rich brown velvet.
޵ɫ
Containing a large proportion of fuel to air:
ǿҵģаܴĴ̼ģ
a rich gas mixture.
ǿҵ
Informal Highly amusing.
ʽ ʮȤ
n.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
Wealthy people considered as a group. Often used withthe : 
Ǯˣһĸеˡthe ã 
Were there, indeed, a sure appeal to the mercies of the rich, the calamities of the poor might be less intolerable(Charlotte Smith)
еܸ֮ͬģ˵Ŀѿ»һЩ(ءʷ˹)
?
Middle English riche 
йӢ riche 
from Old French  [of Germanic origin] 
Դ ŷ  [Դն] 
and from Old English roe [strong, powerful] * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ roe [ǿ׳ģ] *μ reg- 
?
richly
adv.ʣ
richness
n.ʣ
?
rich,affluent,flush,loaded,moneyed,wealthy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having an abundant supply of money, property, or possessions of value: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡнǮƲķḻӦġ 
a rich philanthropist;
еĴƼң
an affluent banker;
ԣмң
a speculator flush with cash;
еͶߣ
not merely rich but loaded;
жҺǮģ
moneyed aristocrats;
еĹ壻
wealthy corporations. poor 
еĹ˾ poor
?
Rich
Rich
AHD:[r1ch] Adrienne (Born 1929) 
D.J.[r!t.]
K.K.[r!t.]
NONE޴ԣ
American poet and essayist whose works, notablyDiving Into the Wreck  (1973), concern radical feminism, lesbianism, and political activism. 
棬ʫң漰ŮȨ˶Ůͬϵμ壬ҪƷΪк 1973 

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rid
rid
AHD:[r1d] 
D.J.[r!d]
K.K.[r!d]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rid  rid.ded rid.ding,rids 
To free from:
ʹѣ
He was finally able to rid himself of all financial worries.
ʹԼеĲ
?
Middle English ridden 
йӢ ridden 
from Old Norse rydhja [to clear land] 
Դ ˹ά rydhja [ɨ] 
from hrj?a [to strip, clear] 
Դ hrj?a [ᣬ] 
?
ridder
n.ʣ

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riddle
riddle 1
AHD:[r1dl] 
D.J.[6r!dl]
K.K.[6r!d1]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rid.dled,rid.dling,rid.dles 
To pierce with numerous holes; perforate:
̳ſף
riddle a target with bullets.
ӵѰӴɷƵ
To spread throughout:
⣬
Election campaigns have always been riddled with demagogy and worse(New Republic)
ѡٻǳɿͻ¡(¹͹)
To put (gravel, for example) through a coarse sieve.
ɸ֣ͨɸӹˣ磬ʯӣ
n.ʣ
A coarse sieve, as for gravel.
ɸɸӣɸʯ
?
Middle English riddlen [to sift] 
йӢ riddlen [ɸѡ] 
from riddil [sieve] 
Դ riddil [ɸӣ] 
alteration of Old English hriddel * see  krei- 
 Ӣ hriddelı仯 *μ krei- 
?
riddler
n.ʣ
?
riddle
riddle 2
AHD:[r1dl] 
D.J.[6r!dl]
K.K.[6r!d1]
n.ʣ
A question or statement requiring thought to answer or understand; a conundrum.
գҪ˼ܻش
One that is perplexing; an enigma.
ŵԻ󲻽
v.ʣ
rid.dled,rid.dling,rid.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To solve or explain.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To propound or solve riddles.

To speak in riddles.
˵
?
Middle English redels 
йӢ redels 
from Old English r?s * see  ar- 
Դ Ӣ r?s *μ ar- 
?
riddler
n.ʣ

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ride
ride
AHD:[rod] 
D.J.[ra!d]
K.K.[ra!d]
v.ʣ
rode[r?d] rid.den[r1dn] rid.ing,rides 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be carried or conveyed, as in a vehicle or on horseback.
ػ䣬ڳϻ
To travel over a surface:
ʻĳһʻ
This car rides well.
ƽȵʻ
To move by way of an intangible force or impetus; move as if on water:
ƮΣεʹƽͺˮƶ
The President rode into office on a tide of discontent.
ͳһƬ
Nautical To lie at anchor:
 ͣêͣ
battleships riding at the mouth of the estuary.
սͣںڴ
To seem to float:
Ʈ
The moon was riding among the clouds.

To be sustained or supported on a pivot, an axle, or another point.
Уһ֧㣬֧
To be contingent; depend:

The final outcome rides on the results of the election.
սѡٵĽ
To continue without interference:
վɽУжϵؼ
Let the matter ride.
鷢չȥ
To work or move from the proper place, especially on the body:
Ӻʵĵطƶָϣ
pants that ride up.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To sit on and move in a given direction:
ȶķƶ˶
rode a motorcycle to town; ride a horse to the village.
Ħгǣȥ
To travel over, along, or through:
Ż˳ţ
ride the highways.
˸ٹ·
To be supported or carried on:
ˣŻţ
a swimmer riding the waves.
Ӿ˷
To take part in or do by riding:
˳μӱ
He rode his last race.
μһ
To cause to ride, especially to cause to be carried.
أʹָʹ
Nautical To keep (a vessel) at anchor.
 ʹͣêͣ
Informal 
ʽ 
To tease or ridicule.
ŪȡЦ
To harass with persistent carping and criticism.
䣺òϵָʹĳ˷
To keep partially engaged by slightly depressing a pedal with the foot:
ģȣһʼղϵؽ̤壺
Don't ride the clutch or the brakes.
Ҫѽܲɲ̤
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of riding, as in a vehicle or on an animal.
ˣĶ˳
A path made for riding on horseback, especially through woodlands.
ָе
A device, such as one at an amusement park, that one rides for pleasure or excitement.
װã˳ֵһװãֳ
A means of transportation:
ͨߣ
waiting for her ride to come.
ȺԼĳӿ
?
ride out
To survive or outlast:
Ȼɹܵס
rode out the storm.
Ȼɹ籩
?
ride for a fall
To court danger or disaster.
жçײʧܣΣյȣΣջ
ride herd on
To keep watch or control over.
ܿ
ride high
To experience success.
ʮ㣺ɹ
ride roughshod over
To take a course of action without regard for the feelings, opinions, or welfare of others.
аԵضԴ˵ĸ顢Ҹж
ride shotgun
To guard a person or thing while in transit.
Ѻ͹пĳ˻ĳ
Slang To ride in the front passenger seat of a car or truck.
ٵ ǰţڿСǰŵĳ˿λ
take for a rideٵ
To deceive or swindle:
ƭĳˣʹĳ˳Կϵ
an author who tried to take his publisher for a ride.
ͼƭ̵
To transport to a place and kill.
ĳ˲ɱ
?
Middle English riden 
йӢ riden 
from Old English ron * see  reidh- 
Դ Ӣ ron *μ reidh- 
?
Ride
Ride
AHD:[rod] Sally (Born 1951) 
D.J.[ra!d]
K.K.[ra!d]
NONE޴ԣ
American astronaut who in 1983 became the first U.S. woman to enter outer space.
£( 1951) Ա1983ΪռĵһŮ

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rider
rid.er
AHD:[rodr] 
D.J.[6ra!d*]
K.K.[6ra!d+]
n.ʣ
One that rides, especially one who rides horses.
֮ˣָ
A clause, usually having little relevance to the main issue, that is added to a legislative bill.
ģϵͨҪй
An amendment or addition to a document or record.
ļģģļ¼򸽼
Something, such as the top rail of a fence, that rests on or is supported by something else.
֣򱻱֧ŵ壬ϲĺ

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ridge
ridge
AHD:[r1j] 
D.J.[r!d9]
K.K.[r!d9]
n.ʣ
A long narrow upper section or crest:
壬¡ߣխϲ߷壺
the ridge of a wave.

A long narrow chain of hills or mountains.Also called  ridgeline 
ɽɽɽɽҲ  ridgeline
A long narrow elevation on the ocean floor.
¡𲿷
Meteorology An elongated zone of relatively high atmospheric pressure.Also called  wedge 
ѧ ѹѹԽϸߵӳشҲ  wedge
A long, narrow, or crested part of the body:
ڵĲ֣
the ridge of the nose.

The horizontal line formed by the juncture of two sloping planes, especially the line formed by the surfaces at the top of a roof.
ݼб϶γɵˮƽߣָݶɱγɵ
A narrow, raised strip, as in cloth or on plowed ground.
ߡ﹡·ϻխ¡
v.ʣ
ridged,ridg.ing,ridg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with, form into, or provide with ridges.
ʹɼ״ʹ¡Դ¡Ϊصģγ¡ṩ¡
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form ridges.
ʹɼ״
?
Middle English rigge 
йӢ rigge 
from Old English hrycg * see  sker- 2
Դ Ӣ hrycg *μ sker- 2

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ridiculous
ri.dic.u.lous
AHD:[r1-d1ky-ls] 
D.J.[r!6d!kj*l*s]
K.K.[r!6d!kj*l*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Deserving or inspiring ridicule; absurd, preposterous, or silly.See Synonyms at foolish 
ЦģģƵģܵЦģġƵĻ޴Ĳμ foolish
?
Latin ros [laughable] 
 ros [Ц] 
from ro?re} [to laugh] 
Դ ro?re} [Ц] 
?
ridiculously
adv.ʣ
ridiculousness
n.ʣ

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rifle
rifle 1
AHD:[rofl] 
D.J.[6ra!f*l]
K.K.[6ra!f*l]
n.ʣ
A firearm with a rifled bore, designed to be fired from the shoulder.
ǹһ־ھĻƴӼϿǹ
An artillery piece or naval gun with such spiral grooves.
ڣβߵĴڻ򺣾
rifles Troops armed with rifles.
 rifles ǹӣǹװĲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ri.fled,ri.fling,ri.fles 
To cut spiral grooves within (a gun barrel, for example).
ߣڣ磬Ͳڿβ
?
From rifle [to cut spiral grooves in] 
Դ rifle [ڡпβ] 
from French rifler 
Դ  rifler 
from Old French [to plunder, scratch] * see  rifle 2
Դ ŷ [ӣץȡ] *μ rifle2
?
rifle
rifle 2
AHD:[rofl] 
D.J.[6ra!f*l]
K.K.[6ra!f*l]
v.ʣ
ri.fled,ri.fling,ri.fles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To search with intent to steal.
ѽ٣͵ԵͼȥѰ
To ransack or plunder; pillage.
٣Ӷ᣺ϴٻӣӶ
To rob:
٣
rifle a safe.
ȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To search vigorously:
ѰʢѰ
rifling through my drawers to find matching socks.
Ϊһ˫Ӷѱҵĳ
?
Middle English riflen [to plunder] 
йӢ riflen [] 
from Old French rifler 
Դ ŷ rifler 
[probably of Germanic origin] 
[ܳն] 
?
rifler
n.ʣ

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rig
rig
AHD:[r1g] 
D.J.[r!g]
K.K.[r!g]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rigged,rig.ging,rigs 
To provide with a harness or equipment; fit out.
װ䣺ṩ߻װװ
Nautical 
 
To equip (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.
ȣװ䷫ߵȣֻװ䴬߻
To fit (sails or shrouds, for example) to masts and yards.
װΦ˻װ䣨ߵȣ
Informal To dress, clothe, or adorn:
ʽ װ磺װ磬Ϊṩ·
They rigged out their daughter in her best dress.
Ůõ·Ϊ
To make or construct in haste or in a makeshift manner:
ݲݹʱ
rig up a tent for the night.
ݲݼҹõ
To manipulate dishonestly for personal gain:
ƭֶΣݣƣΪ˸ıݣ
rig a prizefight; rig stock prices.
ݼ۸սݹɼ
n.ʣ
Nautical The arrangement of masts, spars, and sails on a sailing vessel.
 װΦ˻ԲĵװãԼķװ
Special equipment or gear used for a particular purpose.See Synonyms at equipment 
е;װеμ equipment
A truck or tractor.
ʽ
A tractor-trailer.
ϳ
A vehicle with one or more horses harnessed to it.
һƥƥ
The special apparatus used for drilling oil wells.
꾮ܣڴ;⹤
Western U.S. See  saddle 
 μ  saddle 
Informal A costume or an outfit:
ʽ װװ
wore an outlandish rig to the office.
װ칫
Fishing tackle.
þ
?
Middle English riggen 
йӢ riggen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Norwegian rigga [to bind] 
[Դ˹ά]   Ų rigga [] 

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right
right
AHD:[rot] 
D.J.[ra!t]
K.K.[ra!t]
adj.ݴʣ
right.er,right.est д r.,R.,rt.
Conforming with or conformable to justice, law, or morality:
ģֱģ壬ɻϵĻϵģ
do the right thing and confess.
ȷ²
In accordance with fact, reason, or truth; correct:
ȷģʵʵһµģȷģ
the right answer.
ȷĻش
Fitting, proper, or appropriate:
ʵģ˵ģʵģǡģ
It is not right to leave the party without saying goodbye.
˵ټ뿪ǲʵ
Most favorable, desirable, or convenient:
˳ģģģҪĻģ
the right time to act.
ȡжʱ
In or into a satisfactory state or condition:
õģģ״̬
put things right.

In good mental or physical health or order.
ģȫģ־ϻϽĻȫ
Intended to be worn or positioned facing outward or toward an observer:
ģҪԹ۲ߴŻõģ
the right side of the dress; made sure that the right side of the fabric was visible.
·棻֤֯Կ
Of, belonging to, located on, or being the side of the body to the south when the subject is facing east.
ҷģ򶫵ʱڡλڻ峯ϵһ
Of, relating to, directed toward, or located on the right side.
ҲģڣйأֱԻλҲ
Located on the right side of a person facing downstream:
ҵģĳηʱҲģ
the right bank of a river.
Ұ
Often Right Of or belonging to the political or intellectual Right.
  Right ģڣɱѧ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Formed by or in reference to a line or plane that is perpendicular to another line or plane.
ֱģйشֱһ߻߻ƽģ乹ɵ
Having the axis perpendicular to the base:
ֱǵģдֱڻߵģ
right cone.
ֱ׶
Straight; uncurved; direct:
ֱģֱģģֱӵģ
a right line.
һֱ
Archaic Not spurious; genuine.
 ģǼٵģ
n.ʣ
That which is just, morally good, legal, proper, or fitting.
ȷ壺ġڵϺõġϷġʵĻǡĶ
The direction or position on the right side.
ңҲķλ
The right side.
Ҳ
The right hand.

A turn in the direction of the right hand or side.
ңֻҲ෽ĸı
Often Right 
  Right 
The people and groups who advocate the adoption of conservative or reactionary measures, especially in government and politics.Also called  right wing 
ӣ֧ʹñصĻ򷴶Ĵʩ˻ָ֯лϵҲ  right wing
The opinion of those advocating such measures.
ţ֧ʩ˵
Sports A blow delivered by a boxer's right hand.
˶ ȭȭѡһȭ
Baseball Right field.
 Ұ
Something that is due to a person or governmental body by law, tradition, or nature:
Ȩɷɣϰ߻Ըĳ˻Ķ
Certain rights can never be granted to the government, but must be kept in the hands of the people(Eleanor Roosevelt)
ĳЩȨܹС(ŵ˹)
A just or legal claim or title.
ȨϷҪ
A stockholder's privilege of buying additional stock in a corporation at a special price, usually at par or at a price below the current market value.
ŻȨͨƱֵг۸۸ڹ˾йʹƱŻϹȨ
The negotiable certificate on which this privilege is indicated.
ŻϹͨȯȨĿ֤ͨȯ
Often rights A privilege of subscribing for a particular stock or bond.
  rights ϹȨϹضĹƱծȯȨ
adv.ʣ
Toward or on the right.
ңұ
In a straight line; directly:
ֱӵأֱߵأֱӵأ
went right to school.
ֱȥѧУ
In the proper or desired manner; well:
ãȷĻҪ̬ȵأõأ
The jacket doesn't fit right.
п
Exactly; just:
ǡأã
The accident happened right over there.
¹÷
Immediately:
̣
called me right after dinner.
̸Ҵ绰
Completely; quite:
ȫȫأ׵أ
The icy wind blew right through me.
ķֱ
According to law, morality, or justice.
ֱأأأϷɣ»
Accurately; correctly:
ȷأ׼ȷأ
answered the question right.
׼ȷػش
Chiefly Southern U.S. Considerably; very:
ϲ ɹ۵أǳ
They have a right nice place.
һǳõĵط
Used as an intensive:
øɼǿ
kept right on going.
һֱǰ
Used in titles:
ڳν
The Right Reverend Jane Smith.
ʷ˹
v.ʣ
right.ed,right.ing,rights 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put in or restore to an upright or proper position:
ֱʹûֱָλã
They righted their boat.
ʹָƽ
To put in order or set right; correct:
٣˳û
measures designed to right generations of unfair labor practices.
Ϊ˲ƽ͹ƶĴʩ
To make reparation or amends for; redress:
޲⳥ֲ
right a wrong.
ʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To regain an upright or proper position.
ָƽ⣺ֱָĻȷλ
?
by rights
In a just or proper manner; justly.
˵أأ
in (one's) own right
Through the force of one's own skills or qualifications.
ƾʸ
right and left
From all directions or on every side:
˷
criticism coming right and left; questions raised from right and left.
˷˷
to rights
In a satisfactory or orderly condition:
ָػ򾮾״̬
set the place to rights.
طú
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English riht * see  reg- 
Դ Ӣ riht *μ reg- 
?
righter
n.ʣ
?
right,privilege,prerogative,perquisite,birthright
These nouns apply to something, such as a power or possession, to which one has an established claim.
ЩָĳмȶȨĶȨƲ
 Right  refers to a legally, morally, or traditionally just claim: 
 Right  ָϷģϵ¹淶ĻͳϵȨ 
I'm a champion for the Rights of Woman (Maria Edgeworth). 
ŮȨĺߡ ǡֶ 
An unconditional right to say what one pleases about public affairs is what I consider to be the minimum guarantee of the First Amendment (Hugo L. Black). 
Թ¼ȨΪӦǵһͱ֤ L.ˣ 
Our children are not individuals whose rights and tastes are casually respected from infancy, as they are in some primitive societies (Ruth Benedict).
ǵĺӲִӤȨͰþͺڵ͵ĵؿˡ ¶˿Ͽأ
 Privilege  usually suggests a right not enjoyed by everyone: 
 Privilege  ָͨÿ˶ܵȨ 
When the laws undertake to . . . grant . . . exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society . . . have a right to complain of the 
injustice of their government (Andrew Jackson).
ɱ֤ȨӶʹ߸УȨ߸Ȩƣô²ǾȨָĲƽ ³ܿˣ
 Prerogative  denotes an exclusive right or privilege, as one based on custom, law, office, or recognition of precedence: 
 Prerogative  ָĳ˻ϰߣɣְϵȵλĻõȨȨ 
It is my prerogative to change my mind. Aperquisite  is a privilege or advantage accorded to one by virtue of one's position or the needs of one's employment:  
ǷıҵȨ Perguisite ָĳ˵λĹЧ乤ҪеȨ棺  
The wardrobe of her niece was the perquisite of her [maid]   (Tobias Smollett).Abirthright  is a right to which one is entitled by birth:  
ΪŮ Ȩ  бȰ˹˹ĪأBirthright ĳеȨ  
Many view gainful employment as a birthright. 
ΪְܻҵȨ 

= =
rigid
rig.id
AHD:[r1j1d] 
D.J.[6r!d9!d]
K.K.[6r!d9!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Not flexible or pliant; stiff.
߸Եģ˳ģӲ
Not moving; fixed.
ᶨƵģ̶
Marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting:
ģӲģϵģȱΪģϸ̵ģ
We have watered down a rigid training . . . until we now have an educational diet in many of our public high schools that nourishes neither the classes nor the masses(Agnes 
Meyer)
Ѿַζϸѵǿȣֱǻûʹ׼ҲʹڷٵĹܽ(˹÷)
Scrupulously maintained or performed:
ִģ̰ģرִֻеģ
rigid discipline.See Synonyms at stiff 
ִļɲμ stiff
?
Middle English rigide 
йӢ rigide 
from Latin rigidus 
Դ  rigidus 
from rig?e [to be stiff] * see  reig- 
Դ rig?e [Ӳ] *μ reig- 
?
rigidly
adv.ʣ
rigidness
n.ʣ

= =
rigorous
rig.or.ous
AHD:[r1gr-s] 
D.J.[6r!g*r*s]
K.K.[6r!g*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by or acting with rigor:
ģϸģϸΪصģϸжģ
a rigorous program to restore physical fitness.
ָ彡ϸƻ
Full of rigors; harsh:
ϾģϿģѵģģ
a rigorous climate.
Ͽ
Rigidly accurate; precise.See Synonyms at burdensome 
ܵģȷģǳϸ׼ȷģȷĲμ burdensome
?
rigorously
adv.ʣ
rigorousness
n.ʣ

= =
rim
rim
AHD:[r1m] 
D.J.[r!m]
K.K.[r!m]
n.ʣ
The border, edge, or margin of an object.See Synonyms at border 
ߣԵıء⡢Եμ border
The circular outer part of a wheel, furthest from the axle.
ԵԶ״ԲȦ
A circular metal structure around which a wheel tire is fitted.
Ḁ̇һԲνṹΧ̶гֵ̥
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rimmed,rim.ming,rims 
To furnish with a rim.
װߣװ̥
Sports To roll around the rim of (a basket or golf cup, for example) without falling in.
˶ ϴȦڣ磬߶򶴣ԵΧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English rima 
Դ Ӣ rima 

= =
ring
ring 1
AHD:[r1ng] 
D.J.[r!0]
K.K.[r!0]
n.ʣ
A circular object, form, or arrangement with a vacant circular center.
Ȧ״壬ʽУһյԲ
A small circular band, generally made of precious metal and often set with jewels, worn on the finger.
ָָָϵСԲһɹؽƳɲбʯ
A circular band used for carrying, holding, or containing something:
ЯץסɶԲ
a napkin ring.
ͽ
A circular movement or course, as in dancing.
ȦתԲε˶̣
An enclosed, usually circular area in which exhibitions, sports, or contests take place:
Բγأչ˶õķյģͨԲεĵ
a circus ring.
Ϸ
Sports 
˶ 
A rectangular arena set off by stakes and ropes in which boxing or wrestling events are held.
ȭ׮Ӻȭˤӵĳε
The sport of boxing.
ȭ˶
Games 
Ϸ 
An enclosed area in which bets are placed at a racetrack.
һֶĲõģĽ·ϵģԲγأĽܵϵһַյ
Bookmakers considered as a group.
ĲҵߣΪһȺĶĲҵ
An exclusive group of people acting privately or illegally to advance their own interests:
ɣţ˽Ի򲻺ϻжԼһȺˣ
a drug ring.

A political contest; a race.
ѡξ
Botany An annual ring.
ֲѧ 
Mathematics The area between two concentric circles; annulus.
ѧ ͬԲ֮ͬ
Mathematics A set of elements subject to the operations of addition and multiplication, in which the set is commutative under addition and associative under multiplication and in which 
the two operations are related by distributive laws.
ѧ ڼӷͳ˷һԪأڼӷΪģڳ˷Ϊصģ㱻
Any of the turns constituting a spiral or helix.
Ȧ߻ߵһ
Chemistry A group of atoms linked by bonds that may be represented graphically in circular or triangular form.Also called  In this sense, also called closed chain 
ѧ ͼɼԲλεһԭҲ  ڴҲɳ closed chain
v.ʣ
ringed,ring.ing,rings 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To surround with or as if with a ring; encircle.See Synonyms at surround 
ƣûûΧƣƲμ surround
To form into a ring or rings.
γɻ״γһ
To ornament or supply with a ring or rings:
ûװλӦԲ
ringed the door knocker with a wreath of holly.
ö໨װŻ
To remove a circular strip of bark around the circumference of (a tree trunk or branch); girdle.
ţɻ֦ԲһȦƤȥľģһȦƤ
To put a ring in the nose of (an animal).
ۻڣӷһԲ
To hem in (animals) by riding in a circle around them.
סͨڶΧתȦΧ
Games To toss a ring over (a peg), as in horseshoes.
Ϸ ׻׮ͶԲϷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a ring or rings:
γɻ״
Spectators ringed the intersection.
Թʮ·ڴΧһȦ
To move, run, or fly in a spiral or circular course.
ԻԲι켣ƶܻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hring * see  sker- 2
Դ Ӣ hring *μ sker- 2
?
ring
ring 2
AHD:[r1ng] 
D.J.[r!0]
K.K.[r!0]
v.ʣ
rang[r2ng] rung[r?ng] ring.ing,rings 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give forth a clear, resonant sound.
죺
To cause something to ring.
ʹĳ
To sound a bell in order to summon someone:
ٻΪ˴ĳ˶壺
I'll ring for the maid.
һᰴŮ
To have a sound or character suggestive of a particular quality:
󣺾кĳƵʣ
a story that rings true.
ʵ
To be filled with sound; resound:
쳹죺죺
The room rang with the laughter of happy children.
˺ǻֵЦ
To hear a persistent humming or buzzing:
죺ӪӪ
My ears were ringing from the sound of the blast.
ըʹҵĶ˵
To be filled with talk or rumor:
̸ϸ
The whole town rang with the bad news.
еŻϢ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (a bell, for example) to ring.
ʹ壩
To produce (a sound) by or as if by ringing.
ͨͨ
To announce, proclaim, or signal by or as if by ringing:
棺ͨͨƻźţ
a clock that rings the hour.
ʱ
To call (someone) on the telephone:
绰
She rang me at noon.
绰
To test (a coin, for example) for quality by the sound it produces when struck against something.
áԼαͨĳʱ飨Ӳҵ
n.ʣ
The sound created by a bell or another sonorous, vibrating object.
񶯵
A loud sound, especially one that is repeated or continued.
ܴǲظ
A telephone call:
绰
Give me a ring when you have time.
ʱʱҴ绰
A suggestion of a particular quality:
ĳʵıʾ
His offer has a suspicious ring.
Ľһ˻ɵ
A set of bells.
һ
The act or an instance of sounding a bell.
壺Ķ
?
ring up
To record, especially by means of a cash register:
¼ָͨ
ring up a sale.
۶
To accomplish or achieve; win:
ɻȡãӮã
rang up several consecutive victories.
ȡüԵʤ
?
ring a bellʽ
To arouse an often indistinct memory.
Ѿģļ
ring down the curtain
To end a performance, an event, or an action.
һݳһ¼һж
ring (someone's) chimes 
ring (someone's) bells ٵ
To knock (an opponent) out by physical or other force.
ܣܣԷ
ring up the curtain
To begin a performance, an event, or an action.
ʼʼһݳһ¼һж
?
Middle English ringen 
йӢ ringen 
from Old English hringan 
Դ Ӣ hringan 

= =
riot
ri.ot
AHD:[rot] 
D.J.[6ra!*t]
K.K.[6ra!*t]
n.ʣ
A wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large number of people.
ңڶĿҰɧĻҾ
Law A violent disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons assembled for a common purpose.
ɡ £˻ϵ˾ۼΪĳһͬĿĶµƻƽı
An unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions.
ţݣ鷢йЦķй
A profusion:
ȷḻ
The garden was a riot of colors in August.
µĻ԰ͷ
Unrestrained merrymaking; revelry.
񻶣ӽƵ֣
Debauchery.
ŵ
Slang An irresistibly funny person or thing:
ٵ ȤˣȤ£ǳȤ˻
Isn't she a riot?
ѵǸǳȤ?
v.ʣ
ri.ot.ed,ri.ot.ing,ri.ots 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take part in a riot.
£μӱ
To live wildly or engage in uncontrolled revelry.
ŵ壺ȵ޽ƵĿ
To exhibit profusion:
ֳȷḻ
a huge garden in which different flowers rioted during spring and summer.
쿪˸ָͷ׵Ļľ޴԰
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To waste (money or time) in wild or wanton living:
ӻ޶ȣѣǮʱ䣩˷ڷŵӻϣ
rioted his life out, and made an end(Tennyson)
޶ȵȻ(̹ɭ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [dispute] 
Դ ŷ [飬] 
from rioter [to quarrel] 
Դ rioter [] 
perhaps from ruire [to roar] 
Դ ruire [] 
from Latin r?ore} 
Դ  r?ore} 
?
rioter
n.ʣ

= =
rip
rip 1
AHD:[r1p] 
D.J.[r!p]
K.K.[r!p]
v.ʣ
ripped,rip.ping,rips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut, tear apart, or tear away roughly or energetically.See Synonyms at tear 1
˺ƣѣѣֱؿ˺򳶿μ tear1
To split or saw (wood) along the grain.
ľģ⣨ľ
Informal To produce, display, or utter suddenly:
ʽ ԴֱͻȻչʾ˵
ripped out a vicious oath.
񶾵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become torn or split apart.
ѿ
Informal To move quickly or violently.
ʽ ǰѸٻҵƶ
n.ʣ
The act of ripping.
ѣ˺Ķ
A torn or split place, especially along a seam.
ѿڣ˺ĵطָطϴ
A ripsaw.
ֳݾ
?
rip into
To attack or criticize vehemently:
ҹҵع
ripped into her opponent's political record.
ҹֵξ
rip off ٵ
To steal from:
ӡ͵ԣ
I've ripped him off as much as I could possibly rip him off(Gary Fisketjon)
ҾܴǶ͵ҪĶ(˹)
To steal:
͵ԣ
She ripped off a leather jacket while ostensibly trying on clothes.
ڼװ·ʱ͵һƤп
To exploit, swindle, cheat, or defraud:
թȡƭթƭ
a false advertising campaign that ripped off a great many consumers.
ƭ˴ߵٹ
?
Middle English rippen 
йӢ rippen 
from Flemish rippen * see  reup- 
Դ â rippen *μ reup- 
?
ripper
n.ʣ
?
rip
rip 2
AHD:[r1p] 
D.J.[r!p]
K.K.[r!p]
n.ʣ
A stretch of water in a river, an estuary, or a tidal channel made rough by waves meeting an opposing current.
ںϫϿУɲ˺ˮײɵһˮ
A rip current.
밶˳
?
Probably from rip 1
Դ rip1
?
rip
rip 3
AHD:[r1p] 
D.J.[r!p]
K.K.[r!p]
n.ʣ
A dissolute person.
ŵˣ
An old or worthless horse.
õ
?
Possibly shortening and alteration of reprobate 
Ϊ reprobateļдͱ仯

= =
ripe
ripe
AHD:[rop] 
D.J.[ra!p]
K.K.[ra!p]
adj.ݴʣ
rip.er,rip.est 
Fully developed; mature:
ģֳɳģģ
ripe peaches.

Resembling matured fruit, as in fullness.
ʵģĹʵһ
Sufficiently advanced in preparation or aging to be used or eaten:
ʳõģ촼ģ׼㹻ʹûʳõģ
ripe cheese.
촼
Thoroughly matured, as by study or experience; seasoned:
ģģȫģͨоģ
ripe judgment.
ж
Advanced in years:
긻ģߵģ
the ripe age of 90.
ʮ
Fully prepared to do or undergo something; ready:
׼ɵģó׼ĳµģ׼õģ
By 1965 the republic was ripe for a coup(Alex Shoumatoff)
1965꣬͹һ䡱(˹Фз)
Sufficiently advanced; opportune:
ģչֵģʺϵģ
The time is ripe for great societal changes.
ʱѾ
Exhibiting overtones of or references to sex; scatological:
׵ģģԵİʾָԵģģ
The language on the stage was riper than anything I have heard in a lifetime of newspaper work(John Hughes)
̨ʹõԱһӴӱֽκζҪס(Լ˹)
Emitting a foul odor, especially body odor.
̱ǵģŵģ̱ŵζģָ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English roe 
Դ Ӣ roe 
?
ripely
adv.ʣ
ripeness
n.ʣ

= =
ripen
rip.en
AHD:[ropn] 
D.J.[6ra!p*n]
K.K.[6ra!p*n]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
rip.ened,rip.en.ing,rip.ens 
To make or become ripe or riper; mature.See Synonyms at mature 
죺ʹΪĻϳģμ mature
?
ripener
n.ʣ

= =
ripple
ripple 1
AHD:[r1pl] 
D.J.[6r!p*l]
K.K.[6r!p*l]
v.ʣ
rip.pled,rip.pling,rip.ples 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form or display little undulations or waves on the surface, as disturbed water does.
ɲ״ڱγɻֳˣ类ˮγɵ
To flow with such undulations or waves on the surface.
ǰ߲˵
To rise and fall gently in tone or volume.
߻򽵵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to form small waves or undulations.
ʹʹƣʹγС˻
n.ʣ
A small wave.
С
A wavelike motion; an undulation:
ƵĶ
the ripple of a flag.
粨
A sound like that made by rippling water:
ˮ΢ƵͬĲ˷
a ripple of laughter.
һЦ
?
Middle English ripplen [to wrinkle, crease] 
йӢ ripplen [ʹƣۺ] 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
rippler
n.ʣ
ripplingly
adv.ʣ
?
ripple
ripple 2
AHD:[r1pl] 
D.J.[6r!p*l]
K.K.[6r!p*l]
n.ʣ
A comblike, toothed instrument for removing seeds from flax and other fibers.
ָ᣺һ״ݵĹߣȥάϵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rip.pled,rip.pling,rip.ples 
To remove seeds from with a comblike, toothed instrument.
ôָᣩᣨ飩״ݵĹ߳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from *ripelen [to remove seeds] ; akin to  Middle Low German repelen 
Դ *ripelen [ȥ]   йŵ͵ص repelen 

= =
rise
rise
AHD:[roz] 
D.J.[ra!z]
K.K.[ra!z]
v.ʣ
rose[r?z] ris.en[r1zn] ris.ing,ris.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To assume a standing position after lying, sitting, or kneeling.
վ£»ָ֮վλ
To get out of bed:
𴲣
rose at dawn.
ʱ
To move from a lower to a higher position; ascend:
𣺴ӽϵ͵λƶϸߵλã
Hot air rises.
ȿ
To increase in size, volume, or level:
࣬ߣǣڳߴ磬ˮƽߣ
The river rises every spring.
ÿ괺ˮҪ
To increase in number, amount, or value:
ӣĿֵ
Prices are rising.

To increase in intensity, force, or speed:
ǿǿҳ̶ȣٶȷ
The wind has risen.
ǿ
To increase in pitch or volume:
죬ߣӣ
The sound of their voices rose and fell.
ǵʱʱС
To appear above the horizon:
𣺳ڵƽ֮ϣ
The sun rises later in the fall.
＾̫
To extend upward; be prominent:
չͻ
The tower rose above the hill.
Сɽ֮
To slant or slope upward:
¡бб
Mount McKinley rises to 6,197.6 meters (20,320 feet).
ɽбֱ6,197.6(20,320Ӣߣ
To come into existence; originate.
ԴԴ
To be erected:

New buildings are rising in the city.
µĸ¥òϵر
To appear at the surface of the water or the earth; emerge.
𣺳ڵˮıϣ
To puff up or become larger; swell up:
𣬷𣺴ø¡
The bread dough should rise to double its original size.
ŷ֮Ӧԭô
To become stiff and erect.
ͦ𣺱üӲ
To attain a higher status:
λߣøߵĵλ
an officer who rose through the ranks.
λһߵľ
To become apparent to the mind or senses:
֣ڴԻйбøԣ
Old fears rose to haunt me.
յĿ־ٶ
To uplift oneself to meet a demand or challenge:
½ܾӭҪս
She rose to the occasion and won the election.
ץסʱܾһӮѡ
To return to life.

To rebel:
壺
the right to rise up, and shake off the existing government(Abraham Lincoln)
ҸͶƷִȨ(ǲֿ)
To close a session of an official assembly; adjourn.
ݻᣬջ᣺ٷһڼ䣻ݻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to rise.
ʹʹ
To cause (a distant object at sea) to become visible above the horizon by advancing closer.
ʹ֣ͨ俿ʹԶ壩ڵƽ֮϶
n.ʣ
The act of rising; ascent.
Ķ
The degree of elevation or ascent.
ֱ߶ȣߵĳ̶
The appearance of the sun or other celestial body above the horizon.
̫ڵƽ֮
An increase in height, as of the level of water.
ǣߣ߶ȵߣˮƽ
A gently sloped hill.
ڣ£𣺻бСɽ
A long, broad elevation that slopes gently from the earth's surface or the ocean floor.
б£ӵ򺣵׻бĳĸߵ
An origin, a beginning, or a source:
ԴʼԴ
the rise of a river.
һԴ
Occasion or opportunity:
ʱ᣺
facts that give rise to doubts about her motives.
ʹ˶Ķɵʵ
The emergence of a fish seeking food or bait at the water's surface.
γˮ棺СΪѰʳնˮ֮
An increase in price, worth, quantity, or degree.
ǣӣߣ̶ֵۡȵ
An increase in intensity, volume, or pitch.
ߣߣŨȡ
Elevation in status, prosperity, or importance:
ߣ𣺵λٻҪԵߣ
the family's rise in New York society.
ĳŦԼ
The height of a flight of stairs or of a single riser.
ߣһ¥ݻһ¥ĸ߶
Chiefly British An increase in salary or wages; a raise.
Ӣ нʻнˮӣ
Informal An angry or irritated reaction:
ʽ ߷ŭķӳ
finally got a rise out of her.
ŭ
?
Middle English risen 
йӢ risen 
from Old English ron 
Դ Ӣ ron 
?
rise,ascend,climb,soar,tower,mount,surge
These verbs are compared as they mean to move upward from a lower to a higher position.
Щʱʾĳϵ͵λĳϸߵλƶ˼ʱǾɽбȽϡ
 Rise  has the widest range of application: 
 Rise  ÷Ϊ㷺 
We rose at dawn.
ʱˡ
The sun rises early in the summer.
̫硣
Fog was rising from the pond.
ӳ
Prices rise and fall.
ʱʱ䡣
Ascend  frequently suggests a gradual step-by-step rise: 
Ascend  ͨʾһһ𽥵 
The plane took off and ascended steadily until it was out of sight.
ɻ֮ƽȵֱʧҰ֮⡣
Ascend above the restrictions and conventions of the world, but not so high as to lose sight of them (Richard Garnett).
Խ׵ƺͷϰߵĸ߶ȣǲҪߵǡ ¡أ
 Climb   connotes steady, often effortful progress, as against gravity: 
 Climb  ָƽȣŬǰΪ˷ 
still climbing after knowledge infinite (Christopher Marlowe). 
Ϊ׷ޱ޼ʵ֪ʶԶʵǡ ˹и¦ 
You climb up through the little grades and then get to the top (John Updike).
㴩ԽÿһСȼϵȻͻᵽﶥ㡱 Լմˣ
 Soar  implies effortless ascent to a great height: 
 Soar  ʾѾܸߵĸ߶ȣ 
A lone condor soared above the Andean peaks.
һֻ¶ްĴͺհڰ˹ɽϿա
Well is it known that ambition can creep as well as soar (Edmund Burke).Totower  is to attain a height or prominence exceeding that of anything in the surroundings:  
˽֪ܷҲС ɡˣTower ʾóΧκĸ߶Ȼ  
the tall Lombardy poplar . . . towering high above all other trees (W.H. Hudson). 
 ߴļκĸ߶ȡ (W.H. 
Bach's gifts towered over those of his contemporaries.
ͺյ츳ͬʱˡ
Mount  in this comparison connotes progressive climb to a higher level: 
Mount  ЩȽʱʾˮƽǰʵǣ 
Water mounted in the ship's hold.
ʢˮˮǡ
The blood mounted to her cheeks.
Ѫӿա
Our expenses mounted fearfully.
ǵĻǵþˡ
Surge  implies a tumultuous swelling or heaving force like that of waves: 
Surge  ʾ˵ȵģҵͻص 
The crowd of pedestrians surged ahead when the light turned green.
ƹɫʱҵǰӿ
I could feel indignation surging up in me. See also Synonyms at  beginning ,stem 1
Ҹеһŭ֮м μͬ beginning,stem1

= =
risk
risk
AHD:[r1sk] 
D.J.[r!sk]
K.K.[r!sk]
n.ʣ
The possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger.
Σգգ𺦻ʧĿԣΣ
A factor, thing, element, or course involving uncertain danger; a hazard:
ΣգĳֲΣйصأɷݻ֮·Σգ
the usual risks of the desert: rattlesnakes, the heat, and lack of water(Frank Clancy)
ɳĮгΣУβߣȼȱˮ(ˡ)
The danger or probability of loss to an insurer.
ʣչ˾ʧΣջ
The amount that an insurance company stands to lose.
ս𣨶չ˾Ҫܵʧ
The variability of returns from an investment.
ͶʱķգĳͶʷĻ
The chance of nonpayment of a debt.
ܾծķ
One considered with respect to the possibility of loss:
ճеˣ
a poor risk.
ҵķճе
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
risk factors; risk management.
Σأչ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
risked,risk.ing,risks 
To expose to a chance of loss or damage; hazard.
ʹΣգðʧ𻵣ʹðΣ
To incur the risk of:
ðΣգ
His action risked a sharp reprisal.See Synonyms at endanger 
Ϊðż⵽Σղμ endanger
?
at risk 
at-risk
AHD:[2tr1sk] 
Being endangered, as from exposure to disease or from a lack of parental or familial guidance and proper health care:
ΣգΣգΣ֮У򼲲ȱٸĸͥĽ̵ʵҽƱ
at risk youth in the inner cities; at-risk groups of children not having received the vaccine.
ƶΣյꣻûֲţĴΣյĺ
?
French risque 
 risque 
from Italian risco, rischio 
Դ  risco, rischio 
?
risker
n.ʣ

= =
ritual
rit.u.al
AHD:[r1ch?-l] 
D.J.[6r!t.u8*l]
K.K.[6r!t.u*l]
n.ʣ
The prescribed order of a religious ceremony.
ʽڽʽָ
The body of ceremonies or rites used in a place of worship.
ڽʽڼ볡ǻʽ岿
The prescribed form of conducting a formal secular ceremony:
񣺾ʽڽ̵ָʽ
the ritual of an inauguration.
ְ
The body of ceremonies used by a fraternal organization.
ֵܻģڽʽֵܻ֯ʹõʽ岿
A book of rites or ceremonial forms.
ʽ飬飺ǻʽʽ鼮
rituals 
 rituals 
A ceremonial act or a series of such acts.
ʽʽʽеĻһϵд
The performance of such acts.
ʽľУЩľ
A detailed method of procedure faithfully or regularly followed:
й£Ϲأϰߣʵػɵϸĳ򷽷
My household chores have become a morning ritual.
Ѿ糿й
A state or condition characterized by the presence of established procedure or routine:
һɲ䣺һ״̬ƣеĳΪ
Prison was a ritualreenacted daily, year in, year out. Prisoners came and went; generations came and went; and yet the ritual endured(William H. Hallahan)
һɲ䡪ÿ춼µĽɫݣȥˣһһˣܷǱֲġ(H.պ)
?
From Latin ro3lis} [of rites] 
Դ  ro3lis} [ǵ] 
from ros [rite] * see  rite 
Դ ros [ʽ] *μ rite
?
ritually
adv.ʣ

= =
rival
ri.val
AHD:[rovl] 
D.J.[6ra!v*l]
K.K.[6ra!v*l]
n.ʣ
One who attempts to equal or surpass another, or who pursues the same object as another; a competitor.
֣֣ͼһƥлԽˣһ׷ͬһĿˣ
One that equals or almost equals another in a particular respect.
ƥߣĳһضһȻ򼸺ȵ
Obsolete A companion or an associate in a particular duty.
 ͬ£飺ĳһضеĻ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
rival companies; rival products; rival teams; rival schools.
˾ƷӣѧУ
v.ʣ
ri.valed  ri.valled ri.val.ing  ri.val.ling ri.vals  ri.vals  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attempt to equal or surpass.
롭ͼƥлԽ
To be the equal of; match:
롭ƥУȵϣ
They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival(Doris Kearns Goodwin)
ȡõĳɾͱĻҪ࣬ǵļʷעһħʹκ񻰼ճûƥС(˿˶˹ŵ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be a competitor or rival; compete.
Ϊֻˣ
?
Latin ro3lis} [a rival, one using the same stream as another] 
 ro3lis} [֣һʹͬˮ] 
from ros [stream] * see  rei- 
Դ ros [ӣˮ] *μ rei- 
?
rival,compete,vie,emulate
These verbs mean to seek to equal or surpass another.
Щʶʾͼ롭ƥлԽһˡ
 Rival  is the most general: 
 Rival  ߸壺 
His ambition led him to rival the career of Edmund Burke (Henry Adams).Tocompete  is to contend with another or others to attain a goal, as gaining an advantage, victory in a 
contest, or a prize:  
ıʹԽ˰ɡ˵ҵ ǵ˹Compete ָΪ˴ﵽĳһĿ꣬Ϊȡơھȡʤ񽱣һ˻˾  
Local hardware stores can't compete with discount outlets.
ط̵겻Щྺ
She must learn to compete . . . not as a woman, but as a human being (Betty Friedan).
ѧᾺŮ˵ݣ˵ݡ ١ﵤ
 Vie,  often interchangeable with compete,  sometimes stresses the challenge implicit in rivalry: 
 Vie  Compete  ʱǿھΪеս 
No mortal could vie with Zeus (Homer).
κη˶û˹ƥС 
 Emulate  connotes imitation in an effort to match or outdo another: 
 Emulate  ʾΪϻԽһ˶Ŭģ£ 
The whole world emulates Athens and Rome (David Hume).
ȫ綼Чŵ ӣ

= =
river
riv.er
AHD:[r1vr] 
D.J.[6r!v*]
K.K.[6r!v+]
n.Abbr. r.,R.,riv.ʣд r.,R.,riv.
A large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, a lake, or another body of water and usually fed along its course by converging tributaries.
ӣˮһ޴Ȼˮע뺣󡢺һˮ򣬶ҳˮɻ۵֧ˮ
A stream or an abundant flow:
СϪ
a river of tears.
ӿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a river cruise; river ice.
κӣӱ
?
up the riverٵ
In or into prison.
У
?
Middle English rivere 
йӢ rivere 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Vulgar Latin *ro3ria} 
Դ  *ro3ria} 
from Latin [feminine of] rop3rius [of a bank] 
Դ   [] rop3riusԴ [Ӱ] 
from roa [bank] 
Դ roa [Ӱ] 

= =
road
road
AHD:[r?d] 
D.J.[r*&d]
K.K.[rod]
n.Abbr. rd.,Rd.,r.,R.ʣд rd.,Rd.,r.,R.
An open, generally public way for the passage of vehicles, people, and animals.
·һͨ˺ͶͨеĿͨй·
The surface of a road; a roadbed.
·ı棻·
A course or path.
··
A railroad.
·
Often roads Nautical A roadstead.
  roads  ê
?
on the road
On tour, as a theatrical company.
һŹ˾
Traveling, especially as a salesperson.
ָԱΪĴ߶
Wandering, as a vagabond.
˺
?
Middle English rode, rade [a riding, road] 
йӢ rode, rade [·] 
from Old English r3d * see  reidh- 
Դ Ӣ r3d *μ reidh- 

= =
roar
roar
AHD:[r?r, r?r] 
D.J.[r%8, r*&r]
K.K.[r%r, ror]
v.ʣ
roared,roar.ing,roars 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a loud, deep, prolonged sound, especially in distress, rage, or excitement.
Хָʹࡢŭ˷ʱҳʱ䳤
To laugh loudly or excitedly.
Ц˷ܵЦ
To make or produce a loud noise or din:
У޴
The engines roared.

To be disorderly or rowdy.
һ
To breathe with a rasping sound. Used of a horse.
һ̶ִָ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or express with a loud, deep, and prolonged sound.
Хҳʱ䳤
To put, bring, or force into a specified state by roaring:
ͨаѡʹĳһض״̬
The crowd roared itself hoarse.See Synonyms at shout 
ȺɤӲμ shout
n.ʣ
A loud, deep, prolonged sound or cry, as of a person in distress or rage.
Уʹŭʱҳʱ䳤޺
The loud, deep cry of a wild animal.
Ұ޷
A loud, prolonged noise, such as that produced by waves.
ХХ纣˷ҳʱ䳤
A loud burst of laughter.
ЦЦ
?
Middle English roren 
йӢ roren 
from Old English r3n 
Դ Ӣ r3n 
?
roarer
n.ʣ

= =
roast
roast
AHD:[r?st] 
D.J.[r*&st]
K.K.[rost]
v.ʣ
roast.ed,roast.ing,roasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals.
濾ڿúͨȺ濾
To dry, brown, or parch by exposing to heat.
գͨʹɡʹɺɫʹ
To expose to great or excessive heat.
ʹȣ¶ڸȻǿ
Metallurgy To heat (ores) in a furnace in order to dehydrate, purify, or oxidize before smelting.
ұѧ գʯΪۻǰȥˮݡᴿ¯ﱺգʯ
Informal To ridicule or criticize harshly.
ʽ ڿࣺЦ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cook food in an oven.
濾ڿ濾ʳ
To undergo roasting.
ˣ棺к濾
n.ʣ
Something roasted.
濾Ķ
A cut of meat suitable or prepared for roasting.
濾õ⣺ں濾׼濾
The act or process of roasting.
ˣ棺濾Ϊ
The state of being roasted.
濾״̬
Harsh ridicule or criticism.
Ц
A facetious tribute, usually in the form of a banquet, in which the honoree's friends and acquaintances alternate short speeches of praise and insult.
Цָͨܽ˵Ѻļ̵ԽڶгԴ
adj.ݴʣ
Roasted:
濾ģ
roast duck.
Ѽ
?
Middle English rosten 
йӢ rosten 
from Old French rostir [of Germanic origin] 
Դ ŷ rostir [Դն] 

= =
rob
rob
AHD:[r?b] 
D.J.[rKb]
K.K.[r$b]
v.ʣ
robbed,rob.bing,robs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Law To take property from (a person or persons) illegally by using or threatening to use violence or force; commit robbery upon.
ɡ Ӷ᣺ͨʹûвʹñǷȡˣƲж
To take valuable or desired articles unlawfully from:
ǷٹƷҪõĶ
rob a bank.

To deprive unjustly of something belonging to, desired by, or legally due (someone):
ǷڣĳˣĳˣõĳˣϷӦеĶ
robbed her of her professional standing.
ְҵλ
To deprive of something injuriously:
Եʹɥʧĳ
a parasite that robs a tree of its sap.
ľҺļ
To take as booty; steal.
ѡΪ͵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in or commit robbery.
н٣еԻ򷸵
?
rob (someone or something) blind
To rob in an unusually deceitful or thorough way:
Ѱƭֶλͷβ٣
robbed the old couple blind while employed as a companion.
Ӷͬʱä˷޽
rob the cradleʽ
To have a romantic or sexual relationship with someone significantly younger than oneself.
Լö˷»Թϵ
?
Middle English robben 
йӢ robben 
from Old French rober 
Դ ŷ rober 
[of Germanic origin] * see  reup- 
[Դն] *μ reup- 
?
robber
n.ʣ

= =
robbery
rob.ber.y
AHD:[r?b-r?] 
D.J.[6rKb*ri8]
K.K.[6r$b*ri]
n.ʣ
 rob.ber.ies ɡ 
The act or an instance of unlawfully taking the property of another by the use of violence or intimidation.
٣ԣʹñвֶηǷȡ˲Ϊ

= =
robe
robe
AHD:[r?b] 
D.J.[r*&b]
K.K.[rob]
n.ʣ
A long, loose, flowing outer garment, especially:
һֿƮĳָۣ
An official garment worn on formal occasions to show office or rank, as by a judge or high church official.
ۣһַٻ߼ְԱʽϴԱְλ򼶱۷
An academic gown.
ѧװ
A dressing gown or bathrobe.
˯ۻԡ
robes Clothes; apparel.
 robes ·װ
A blanket or covering made of material, such as fur or cloth:
̺ëƤ֯Ƴɵ̺ӻ򸲸
a lap robe.
õ̺
v.ʣ
robed,rob.ing,robes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover or dress in or as if in a robe.See Synonyms at clothe 
ǡϻƴϳ۲μ clothe
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put on robes or a robe.
ϳۻ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] * see  reup- 
[Դն] *μ reup- 

= =
robot
ro.bot
AHD:[r?bt, -b?t] 
D.J.[6r*&b*t, -7bKt]
K.K.[6rob*t, -7b$t]
n.ʣ
A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human being and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.
ˣеˣһ˵ָܹȱõĳָ๤Ļеװ
A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control.
ԶңػеһԶͨңطʽеĻװ
A person who works mechanically without original thought, especially one who responds automatically to the commands of others.
еˣָ˵ָֻ֪еӦ޴뷨е
?
Czech 
ݿ 
from robota [drudgery] * see  orbh- 
Դ robota [ζĹ] *μ orbh- 
?
robotic  
robotistic
AHD:[-b-t1st1k] ݴʣ

= =
robust
ro.bust
AHD:[r?-b?st, r?b?st] 
D.J.[r*&6bJst, 6r*&7bJst]
K.K.[ro6bJst, 6ro7bJst]
adj.ݴʣ
Full of health and strength; vigorous.
ģ
Powerfully built; sturdy.See Synonyms at healthy 
׳ģʵĲμ healthy
Requiring or suited to physical strength or endurance:
Ҫģ
robust labor.
ǿͶ
Rough or crude; boisterous:
³Ұģֵģ
a robust tale.
׵Ĺ
Marked by richness and fullness; full-bodied:
ģŨ㴼ģŨҵģ
a robust wine.
Ѿ
?
Latin r?s 
 r?s 
from r??bur} [oak, strength] * see  reudh- 
Դ r??bur} [] *μ reudh- 
?
robustly
adv.ʣ
robustness
n.ʣ

= =
rock
rock 1
AHD:[r?k] 
D.J.[rKk]
K.K.[r$k]
n.ʣ
Relatively hard, naturally formed mineral or petrified matter; stone.
ʯңԼӲȻʯʣʯ飨ҿ飩
A relatively small piece or fragment of such material.
ɰʯʯϸС
A relatively large body of such material, as a cliff or peak.
ʯ»ɽԴʯ
A naturally formed aggregate of mineral matter constituting a significant part of the earth's crust.
ۺ壺ɵؿҪɲֵȻľۺ
One that is similar to or suggestive of a mass of stone in stability, firmness, or dependability:
֧ɽӻȶԡԻɿԷڻʹһʯ˻
The family has been his rock during this difficult time.
ʱڣͥıӻ
rocks Slang Money.
 rocks ٵ Ǯ
Slang A large gem, especially a diamond.
ٵ ָʯȴʯ
Slang Crack cocaine.
ٵ ϵȵĿɿ
A varicolored stick candy.
ɫӲ
Rock candy.

?
between a rock and a hard place
Confronted with equally unpleasant alternatives and few or no opportunities to evade or circumvent them.
ͬ˲ļûлӱܻ˷ѡ
on the rocks
In a state of difficulty, destruction, or ruin:
Ѿٻ군أ
Their marriage is on the rocks.
ǵĻ
Without money; bankrupt:
һĲƲģ
Our accountant says the business is on the rocks.
ǵĻʦ˵Ʋ
Served over ice cubes:
ӱ飺
Scotch on the rocks.
ӱոʿɾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French roque 
Դ ŷ roque 
from Vulgar Latin *rocca 
Դ  *rocca 
?
rock
rock 2
AHD:[r?k] 
D.J.[rKk]
K.K.[r$k]
v.ʣ
rocked,rock.ing,rocks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move back and forth or from side to side, especially gently or rhythmically.
ҡΣָػнǰҰڶ
To sway violently, as from a blow or shock.See Synonyms at swing 
𶯣һ𾪶ҵذڶμ swing
To be washed and panned in a cradle or in a rocker. Used of ores.
ϴɳҡĿܻԽҡҡϴϴָɳҡϴ
Music To play or dance to rock 'n' roll.
֡ ҡ֣ҡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move back and forth or from side to side, especially in order to soothe or lull to sleep.
ҡҡڣָΪοʹ˯ǰҰڶ
To cause to shake or sway violently.See Synonyms at agitate 
𶯣ʹҵ𶯻ڶμ agitate
To disturb the mental or emotional equilibrium of; upset:
ҡ𺳣ʹϻʧȥƽ⣻ʹ
News of the scandal rocked the town.
һŵȫ˶
To wash or pan (ore) in a cradle or rocker.
ҡϴɰҡĿܻԽҡҡϴϴɰ
In mezzotint engraving, to roughen (a metal plate) with a rocker or roulette.
ëӡˢþѹߴë棩
n.ʣ
A rocking motion.
ҡڵ
The act of rocking.
ҡڵĶ
Music Rock 'n' roll.
֡ ҡ
?
rock the boatٵ
To disturb the balance or routine of a situation:
ƽ򳣹棺
He has an easygoing managerial style and won't rock the boat unless absolutely necessary.
һ׺ľӪ磬ǼбҪ򲻻ıԼһߵ
?
Middle English rokken 
йӢ rokken 
from Old English roccian 
Դ Ӣ roccian 
?
rockingly
adv.ʣ

= =
rocket
rocket 1
AHD:[r?k1t] 
D.J.[6rKk!t]
K.K.[6r$k!t]
n.ʣ
A rocket engine.

A vehicle or device propelled by one or more rocket engines, especially such a vehicle designed to travel through space.
ָΪ̫շжģһƶķװ
A projectile weapon carrying a warhead that is powered and propelled by rockets.
һװԻΪƶĵͷķ
A projectile firework having a cylindrical shape and a fuse that is lit from the rear.
ʽд̻һִҴ󲿵ԲͲ״̻
v.ʣ
rock.et.ed,rock.et.ing,rock.ets 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move swiftly and powerfully, as a rocket.
Ѹٶ˶
To fly swiftly straight up, as a game bird frightened from cover.
类ԵδܾٵؾֱϷ
To soar or rise rapidly:
Ѹǣ
The book rocketed to the top of the bestseller list.
ⱾһӾԾӳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry by means of a rocket.
û
To assault with rockets.
û
?
Italian rocchetta [diminutive of] rocca [spindle, distaff] 
 rocchetta  [] roccaС׺ [Ĵֹɴ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
rocket
rocket 2
AHD:[r?k1t] 
D.J.[6rKk!t]
K.K.[6r$k!t]
n.ʣ
A Mediterranean plant(Eruca vesicaria  subsp. sativa)  having flowers with purple-veined, yellowish-white petals and leaves that are sometimes used in salads. Also called  arugula 
,rocket salad ,roquette 
֥ˣϻϽ棺һڵкֲ֥ ֥  ֥ˣ ĻɫҶͻưɫĻ࣬Ҷʱɳ Ҳ  arugula,rocket salad,roquette
Any of several plants of the mustard family, especially the dame's rocket and the sea rocket.
ָϻϽͺݵʮֲֻеκһ
?
Middle English rokette 
йӢ rokette 
from Old French roquette 
Դ ŷ roquette 
from Italian rochetta 
Դ  rochetta 
variant of ruchetta [diminutive of] ruca [a kind of cabbage] 
 ruchettaı  [] rucaС׺ [һ־Ĳ] 
from Latin ??ca} 
Դ  ??ca} 

= =
rod
rod
AHD:[r?d] 
D.J.[rKd]
K.K.[r$d]
n.ʣ
A thin straight piece or bar of material, such as metal or wood, often having a particular function or use, as:
ˣͣһƬһضܻ;Ľľϸֱ磺
A  fishing rod.

A piston rod.

An often expandable horizontal bar, especially of metal, used to suspend household items such as curtains or towels.
ͣһڵҴëȼͥþߵͨչˮƽ
A leveling rod.
ˮ׼
A lightning rod.

A divining rod.
ռ
A measuring stick.
õİ
A shoot or stem cut from or growing as part of a woody plant.
֦ľֲϵĻľֲϿ֦򾥸
A stick or bundle of sticks or switches used to give punishment by whipping.
ױޣڱ޴ͷϸ֦
Punishment; correction.
ͷͽ
A scepter, staff, or wand symbolizing power or authority.
ȨȣȨȨıȡ̰ħ
Power or dominion, especially of a tyrannical nature:
Ȩָ߱ʵȨͳȨ
under the rod of a cruel slavery(John Henry Newman)
ڲпūͳ¡(ԼŦ)
Abbr. r.,rd
д r.,rd
A linear measure equal to 5.5 yards or 16.5 feet (5.03 meters).Also called  pole 2
ˣһֵ5.516.5Ӣ(5.03ףĳȵλҲ  pole2
The square of this measure, equal to 30.25 square yards or 272.25 square feet (25.30 square meters).See table at measurement 
ƽˣóȵλƽ30.25ƽ272.25ƽӢ(25.30ƽףμ measurement
Bible A line of family descent; a branch of a tribe.
ʥ Ѫͳ壻һ֧
Anatomy Any of various rod-shaped cells in the retina that respond to dim light.
ѧ ĤĤһֶԻ谵Ĺ߿Ӧĸ״ϸ
Microbiology An elongated bacterium; a bacillus.
΢ѧ ˾һϸϸ״
Slang A pistol or revolver.
ٵ ǹǹ
Often rods A portion of the undercarriage of a train, especially the drawbar under a freight car:
  rods ǣˣ𳵵ײһָ֣µǣˣ
ride the rods.

?
Middle English rodd 
йӢ rodd 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
role
role Ҳ r?le
AHD:[r?l] 
D.J.[r*&l]
K.K.[rol]
n.ʣ
A character or part played by a performer.
ɫ߰ݵĽɫ
The characteristic and expected social behavior of an individual.
ְ֣ΣΪ
A function or position.See Synonyms at function 
ܣְλμ function
?
French r?le 
 r?le 
from Old French rolle [roll of parchment (on which an actor's part was written)] 
Դ ŷ rolle [ƤֽдԱ̨ʣ] 
from Latin rotula [diminutive of] rota [wheel] * see  roll 
Դ  rotula  [] rotaС׺ [] *μ roll
?
Considering the various great roles in the theater,such as Hamlet or Lear, or the various roles we play, such as parent or teacher, employer or employee,it is difficult to think back to a 
time in the history of the wordrole  when none of these important associations was present.  Role,  which is first recorded in English in 1606, came to us from French with the sense a 
part one has to play.Obviously the development of the sense familiar to us had already occurred in French,where the wordr?le  in its earlier history (Old French rolle ) had meant a 
roll, as of parchment, particularly with reference to a manuscript roll.The word could also mean a legal document or a list or register.From such use it also came to refer to 
the text from which an actor learned a part.This use brought the word into the world of the theater where it has played an important role ever since.
ǵиָΰķػݵļҳʦϰԱȸֽɫ뵽ЩҪϵ׷role ʷʹõʱ䡣  
Role  һԴڷΪĳ˲òݵĽɫ1606״ӢȻϤĴ巢չѳڷСRole һڸʱ򣨹ŷ rolle )ͱʾ
Ƥֽ ָƤָֽ塣ôҲָļ¼¼ɴ˶ΪԱ̨ȫġӴˣ÷ѸôϷ磬ھԺҪɫ

= =
roll
roll
AHD:[r?l] 
D.J.[r*&l]
K.K.[rol]
v.ʣ
rolled,roll.ing,rolls 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move forward along a surface by revolving on an axis or by repeatedly turning over.
ǰתתظϹķʽһˮƽǰƶ
To travel or be moved on wheels or rollers:
ӻ˶ƶ
rolled down the sidewalk on their scooters.
̤е
To travel around; wander:
Σˣ
roll from town to town.
һ˵һ
To travel or be carried in a vehicle.
Уˣ˳ʻó
To be carried on a stream:
أϪбߣ
The logs rolled down the cascading river.
ԭľٲļĺˮ˳
To start to move or operate:
ʼƶ
The press wouldn't roll.
ӡˢת
To work or succeed in a sustained way; gain momentum:
ɣöطûɹƶ
The political campaign finally began to roll.
˶ڿʼ˽չ
To go by; elapse:
ţȥ
The days rolled along.

To recur:
ѭ
Summer has rolled around again.

To move in a periodic revolution, as a planet in its orbit.
תԶתķʽƶԼĹ
To turn over and over:

The puppy rolled in the mud.
С
To shift the gaze usually quickly and continually:
תٶתĿ⣺
Her eyes rolled with fright.
۾¶µµת
To turn around or revolve on or as if on an axis.
תȦƻתȦת
To move or advance with a rising and falling motion; undulate:
䣬˶ǰ
The waves rolled toward shore.
ηų򰶱
To extend or appear to extend in gentle rises and falls:
ӣչ΢ƺ죺
The dunes roll to the sea.
ɳӵ
To move or rock from side to side:
ƶҡڣ
The ship pitched and rolled in heavy seas.
ֻھ޴ĺеҡ
To walk with a swaying, unsteady motion.
ǶУҡλĲȵ
To take the shape of a ball or cylinder:
ʹ״ԲͲ״
Yarn rolls easily.
ɴߺױƳ״
To become flattened by or as if by pressure applied by a roller.
ѹƽƺʩӵѹƽ̹
To make a deep, prolonged, surging sound:
¡¡ͳĺ
Thunder rolled in the distance.
Զ
To make a sustained, trilling sound, as certain birds do.
ĳЩ
To beat a drum in a continuous series of short blows.
ٵػģһϵϼٵĻ޹
To pour or flow in or as if in a continual stream:
ӿ룺ĺһкӿ룺
tourists rolling into the city.
οʹӿ
To enjoy ample amounts:
зḻ
rolled in the money.
ӵһǮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move forward along a surface by revolving on an axis or by repeatedly turning over.
ʹתʹת򲻶Ϲķʽһˮƽǰ˶
To move or push along on wheels or rollers:
ƶӻ˶ƶ
rolled the plane out of the hangar.
ɻɻ
To impel or send onward in a steady, swelling motion:
ʹƽǰԳĶǰ
The sea rolls its waves onto the sand.
ӿĻɳ̲
To impart a swaying, rocking motion to:
ʹҡڣʹҡλ
Heavy seas rolled the ship.
ʹҡ
To turn around or partly turn around; rotate:
ʹתתת򲿷ֵתʹת
rolled his head toward the door.
ͷת
To cause to begin moving or operating:
ʹʹʼתУ
roll the cameras; roll the presses.
Ӱѹ
To extend or lay out:
չУ
rolled out a long rope.
չһ
To pronounce or utter with a trill:
Բò˵
You must roll yourr 's in Spanish. 
òr  
To utter or emit in full, swelling tones.
ñ˵
To beat (a drum) with a continuous series of short blows.
ٵػģһϵгĶ̴ٻޣģ
To wrap (something) round and round upon itself or around something else:
𣺰ѣĳסϣ
roll up a poster.
Ѻ
To envelop or enfold in a covering:
𣺰ѡһУ
roll dirty laundry in a sheet.
Ѵϴ·ñ
To make by shaping into a ball or cylinder:
Σѡ״ԲͲ״
roll a cigarette.
һ֦
To spread, compress, or flatten by applying pressure with a roller:
ѹһշѹƽ
roll pastry dough.
ߦڱ
Printing To apply ink to (type) with a roller or rollers.
ӡˢ īˮմڹϣһǦ֣Ϳī
Games To throw (dice), as in craps.
Ϸ ӣ˫Ϸӣ
Slang To rob (a drunken, sleeping, or otherwise helpless person).
ٵ ٣٣˯Żˣ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of rolling.
Ϊ
Something rolled up:
Ķ
a roll of tape.
һŴ
A quantity, as of cloth or wallpaper, rolled into a cylinder and often considered as a unit of measure.
һһһǽֽȱԲͲ״ͨλ
A piece of parchment or paper that may be or is rolled up; a scroll.
᣺ɱƤֽֽţ
A register or a catalogue.
¼Ŀ¼
A list of names of persons belonging to a group.
᣺һ֯˵
A mass in cylindrical or rounded form:
ŵĶԲͲ״Բεһѣ
a roll of tobacco.
һ̲
A small rounded portion of bread.
ԲСĲ
A portion of food shaped like a tube with a filling.
״ʳƷһڵĹ״ʳƷ
A rolling, swaying, or rocking motion.
ҡڻҡĶ
A gentle swell or undulation of a surface:
͵΢ͻ
the roll of the plains.
ƽԭ
A deep reverberation or rumble:
¡Ļ
the roll of thunder.

A rapid succession of short sounds:
̴Ŀ񵴣
the roll of a drum.
޹
A trill:

the roll of hisr 's. 
r Ĳ 
A resonant, rhythmical flow of words.
н
A roller, especially a cylinder on which to roll something up or with which to flatten something.
ָ֣ĳͲ״շƽĳĹͲ
A maneuver in which an airplane makes a single complete rotation about its longitudinal axis without changing direction or losing altitude.
ɻһȫתҲıз߶ȵĶ
Slang Money, especially a wad of paper money.
ٵ ǮָһֽǮ
?
roll back
To reduce (prices or wages, for example) to a previous lower level.
ʹؽѣ磬۸ʣصԭȽϵ͵ˮƽ
To cause to turn back or retreat.
ʹתʹת
roll out
To get out of bed.
𴲣
Football To execute a rollout.
 ǰĺͻ
roll over
To defer or postpone payment of (an obligation).
ڸڻӣծȯĸ
To renegotiate the terms of (a financial deal).
̣飨Э
To reinvest (funds from a maturing security) into a similar security.
Ͷʣѣӵ֤ȯеʽͶʵƵ֤ȯ
roll up
To arrive in a vehicle.
˳
To accumulate; amass:
ۣ
rolled up quite a fortune.
һʲƸ
?
on a rollʽ
Undergoing or experiencing sustained, even increasing good fortune, or success:
кˣؾԽԽĺ˻ɹ
The stock market's on a roll(Karen Pennar)
ͷС(סɶ)
roll in the hayٵ
Sexual intercourse.
Խ
roll the bonesϷ
To cast dice, especially in craps.
ӣָ˫ӵϷ
roll with the punchesٵ
To cope with and withstand adversity, especially by being flexible.
Σ壺ָƱضԸ澳
?
Middle English rollen 
йӢ rollen 
from Old French roler 
Դ ŷ roler 
from Vulgar Latin *rotul3e 
Դ  *rotul3e 
from Latin rotula [diminutive of] rota [wheel] * see  ret- 
Դ  rotula  [] rotaС׺ [] *μ ret- 

= =
roller
roller 1
AHD:[r?lr] 
D.J.[6r*&l*]
K.K.[6rol+]
n.ʣ
One that rolls or performs a rolling operation or activity.
ִйΪͻ
Any of various cylindrical or spherical devices that roll or rotate, especially:
ָԹתԲͲ״װãָ
A small, spokeless wheel, such as that of a roller skate or caster.
֣纵ЬСûзС
An elongated cylinder on which something, such as a window shade or towel, is wound.
᣺һִëȿɾϵϸԲͲ״
A heavy, revolving cylinder that is used to level, crush, or smooth.
һշƽѹŪƽĿתıԲͲ״
Printing A cylinder, usually of hard rubber, used to ink the type before the paper is impressed.
ӡˢ īһͨӲƳɵѹӡֽǰӡˢõĻͿīԲͲ
A cylinder of wire mesh, foam rubber, or other material around which a strand of hair is wound to produce a soft curl or wave.
Ͳɽ˿ĭ𽺻ɵһΧɾһͷľ˷͵ԲͲ
A long, rolled bandage.
һֳľ
A heavy, swelling wave that breaks on a coast.
˳ӿĻźĸǲ
A tumbler pigeon.
ɸ
?
roller
roller 2
AHD:[r?lr] 
D.J.[6r*&l*]
K.K.[6rol+]
n.ʣ
Any of various Old World birds of the family Coraciidae, having bright blue wings, stocky bodies, and hooked bills. They are noted for their aggressiveness and their habit of rolling and 
twisting in flight, especially during the breeding season.
ɮһֳɫ򡢴׳弰๵ķ𷨿ƶ񣬸ϲùϰڷֳڷзת
A canary that trills.
౶Ľ˿ȸ
?
German 
 
from rollen [to roll, burble] * see  rollmops 
Դ rollen [תˮ] *μ rollmops

= =
roman
ro.man
AHD:[r?-m?] 
D.J.[r*&6m$80]
K.K.[ro6m$0]
n.ʣ
A narrative poem or a prose tale in medieval French literature.
崫£ͷѧеʫ
A novel.
ƪС˵
?
French 
 
from Old French romans [romance] * see  romance 
Դ ŷ romans [£ðչ] *μ romance
?
Roman
Ro.man
AHD:[r?mn] 
D.J.[6r*&m*n]
K.K.[6rom*n]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. Rom.
д Rom.
Of or relating to ancient or modern Rome or its people or culture.
ģ˵ģĻģڻйعŴִĻ
Of or relating to the Roman Empire.
۹ģڻй۹
Abbr. Rom.
д Rom.
Of, relating to, or composed in the Latin language.
ֵģڡйػﴴ
Of or using the Latin alphabet.
ĸģڻʹĸ
Abbr. Rom.Of or relating to the Roman Catholic Church.
д Rom.̻ģڻй̻
Abbr. Rom.Of or being an architectural style developed by the ancient Romans and characterized by the round arch as chief structural element, the vault, concrete masonry construction, 
and classical ornamentation.
д Rom.ʽģɹ˴ĽΪԹܽṹΪҪĽҪءṹ͹ŵװƷ
roman Abbr. rom,rom.Of or being a typestyle characterized by upright letters having serifs and vertical lines thicker than horizontal lines.
 roman д rom,rom.ģģгҴֱȺֵʽӡˢ
n.ʣ
Abbr. Rom.A native, inhabitant, or citizen of ancient or modern Rome.
д Rom.ˣŴִˡ
Abbr. Rom.The Italian language as spoken in Rome.
д Rom.
Abbr. Rom.One belonging to the Roman Catholic Church.
д Rom.̻ͽ
roman Abbr. rom,rom.Roman print or typestyle.
 roman д rom,rom.
Romans (used with a sing. verb)Abbr. Rom.,Rm.Bible See table at Bible 
 Romans 뵥ãд Rom.,Rm.ʥ μ Bible
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English R?3n} 
Դ Ӣ R?3n} 
or from Old French romain 
Դ ŷ romain 
both from Latin R?3nus} 
Դ  R?3nus} 
from R?a [Rome] 
Դ R?a [] 

= =
romance
ro.mance
AHD:[r?-m2ns, r?m2ns] 
D.J.[r*&6m#ns, 6r*&7m#ns]
K.K.[ro6m#ns, 6ro7m#ns]
n.ʣ
A love affair.

Ardent emotional attachment or involvement between people, especially that characterized by a high level of purity and devotion; love:
ĸ飺֮ҵѰָ߶ȴϵĸ飻飺
They kept the romance alive in their marriage for 35 years.
35Ļһֱɫ
A strong, sometimes short-lived attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for something:
һֶĳǿʱܶݵİĽ飺
a childhood romance with the sea.
ʱԴ󺣵
A mysterious or fascinating quality or appeal, as of something adventurous, heroic, or strangely beautiful:
ԣԣػ˵ʻΣաӢ»ƯĶ
These fine old guns often have a romance clinging to them(Richard Jeffries)
Щľʽǹдԡ(¡ܸ˹)
A long medieval narrative in prose or verse that tells of the adventures and heroic exploits of chivalric heroes:
ʿ£͵Ĵ£дɵĽʿðպӢ¼ĳƪɢĻʫ
an Arthurian romance.
ɪĴ
A long, fictitious tale of heroes and extraordinary or mysterious events.
Ĺ£ӢۺͲѰĻ¼ĳƪ鹹
The class of literature constituted by such tales.
ѧѧɵһѧ
An artistic work, such as a novel, story, or film, that deals with sexual love, especially in an idealized form.
ƷС˵»Ӱ漰뻯԰Ʒ
The class or style of such works.
Ʒ
A fictitiously embellished account or explanation:
鹹׫ɫ˵Ļʵͣ
We have been given speculation and romance instead of the facts.
ǵȫǲ²ͺ߶ʵ
Music A lyrical, tender, usually sentimental song or short instrumental piece.
֡ һ飬ͨ˸еĸС
Romance The Romance languages.
 Romance ˹
adj.ݴʣ 
Romance
Abbr. Rom.Of, relating to, or being any of the languages that developed from Latin, the principal ones being Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. Other such languages 
are Catalan, Proven?al, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian, and Ladino.
д Rom.˹Եģڡйػ﷢չһԣҪָԻ̩˹
׵-ŵ
v.ʣ
ro.manced,ro.manc.ing,ro.manc.es[r?-m2ns]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To invent, write, or tell romances.
졢д
To think or behave in a romantic manner.
ػж
v.tr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To make love to; court or woo.
󰮣׷
To have a love affair with.
롭з
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French romans [romance, work written in French] 
Դ ŷ romans [÷дС˵Ʒ] 
from Vulgar Latin *r?3nic? (scrobere)} [(to write) in the vernacular] 
Դ  *r?3nic? (scrobere)} [÷ԣд] 
from Latin R?3nicus} [Roman] 
Դ  R?3nicus} [] 
from R?3nus} * see  Roman 
Դ R?3nus} *μ Roman
?
romancer
n.ʣ
?
romance
ro.mance
AHD:[r?-m2ns, r?m2ns] 
D.J.[r*&6m#ns, 6r*&7m#ns]
K.K.[ro6m#ns, 6ro7m#ns]
n.ʣ
A love affair.

Ardent emotional attachment or involvement between people, especially that characterized by a high level of purity and devotion; love:
ĸ飺֮ҵѰָ߶ȴϵĸ飻飺
They kept the romance alive in their marriage for 35 years.
35Ļһֱɫ
A strong, sometimes short-lived attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for something:
һֶĳǿʱܶݵİĽ飺
a childhood romance with the sea.
ʱԴ󺣵
A mysterious or fascinating quality or appeal, as of something adventurous, heroic, or strangely beautiful:
ԣԣػ˵ʻΣաӢ»ƯĶ
These fine old guns often have a romance clinging to them(Richard Jeffries)
Щľʽǹдԡ(¡ܸ˹)
A long medieval narrative in prose or verse that tells of the adventures and heroic exploits of chivalric heroes:
ʿ£͵Ĵ£дɵĽʿðպӢ¼ĳƪɢĻʫ
an Arthurian romance.
ɪĴ
A long, fictitious tale of heroes and extraordinary or mysterious events.
Ĺ£ӢۺͲѰĻ¼ĳƪ鹹
The class of literature constituted by such tales.
ѧѧɵһѧ
An artistic work, such as a novel, story, or film, that deals with sexual love, especially in an idealized form.
ƷС˵»Ӱ漰뻯԰Ʒ
The class or style of such works.
Ʒ
A fictitiously embellished account or explanation:
鹹׫ɫ˵Ļʵͣ
We have been given speculation and romance instead of the facts.
ǵȫǲ²ͺ߶ʵ
Music A lyrical, tender, usually sentimental song or short instrumental piece.
֡ һ飬ͨ˸еĸС
Romance The Romance languages.
 Romance ˹
adj.ݴʣ 
Romance
Abbr. Rom.Of, relating to, or being any of the languages that developed from Latin, the principal ones being Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. Other such languages 
are Catalan, Proven?al, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian, and Ladino.
д Rom.˹Եģڡйػ﷢չһԣҪָԻ̩˹
׵-ŵ
v.ʣ
ro.manced,ro.manc.ing,ro.manc.es[r?-m2ns]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To invent, write, or tell romances.
졢д
To think or behave in a romantic manner.
ػж
v.tr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To make love to; court or woo.
󰮣׷
To have a love affair with.
롭з
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French romans [romance, work written in French] 
Դ ŷ romans [÷дС˵Ʒ] 
from Vulgar Latin *r?3nic? (scrobere)} [(to write) in the vernacular] 
Դ  *r?3nic? (scrobere)} [÷ԣд] 
from Latin R?3nicus} [Roman] 
Դ  R?3nicus} [] 
from R?3nus} * see  Roman 
Դ R?3nus} *μ Roman
?
romancer
n.ʣ

= =
romantic
ro.man.tic
AHD:[r?-m2nt1k] 
D.J.[r*&6m#nt!k]
K.K.[ro6m#nt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of romance.
С˵ģڡйػдɫʵ
Given to thoughts or feelings of romance.See Synonyms at sentimental 
ģ˼Ĳμ sentimental
Displaying, expressive of, or conducive to love:
ٿ˵ģ¶ֻ򴫵ģ
a romantic atmosphere.
ٿ˵
Imaginative but impractical; visionary:
ģʵʵģģ
romantic notions.
쿪ͷ
Not based on fact; imaginary or fictitious:
鹹ģûʵݵģеĻʵģ
His memoirs were criticized as offering a fascinating but thoroughly romantic view of the past.
Ļ¼ָΪչʾ˹ȥȫ鹹
Often Romantic Of or characteristic of romanticism in the arts.
  Romantic ڻ
n.ʣ
A romantic person.

Often Romantic A follower or adherent of romanticism.
  Romantic ߣ׷߻ӵ
?
French romantique 
 romantique 
from obsolete romant [romance] 
Դ  romant [] 
from Old French romans  romant- [romance] * see  romance 
Դ ŷ romans  romant- [] *μ romance
?
romantically
adv.ʣ

= =
roof
roof
AHD:[r?f, r?f] 
D.J.[ru8f, r&f]
K.K.[ruf, r&f]
n.ʣ
The exterior surface and its supporting structures on the top of a building.
ݸǣݶܣﶥ漰֧Žṹ
The upper exterior surface of a dwelling as a symbol of the home itself:
ݣסΪҵסլϲ
three generations living under one roof.
סһݶµ
The top covering of something:
ĳĶ㸲
the roof of a car.

The upper surface of an anatomical structure, especially one having a vaulted inner structure:
Ҷǣָʽṹй״ڲṹϱ棺
the roof of the mouth.
ǻ
The highest point or limit; the summit or ceiling:
޶ȣߵ㣻򶥷壺
A roof on prices is needed to keep our customers happy.
ʹǵĹ˿
v.tr.ﶯʣ
roofed,roof.ing,roofs 
To furnish or cover with or as if with a roof.
װλ·ݶ
?
go through the roofٵ
To grow, intensify, or rise to an enormous, often unexpected degree:
ǿǵͨϵĳ̶ȣ
Operating costs went through the roof last year.
ȥǵǷ켫ĳ̶
To become extremely angry:
ף
When I told her about breaking the window, she went through the roof.
˵й鴰ʱ
raise the roofٵ
To be extremely noisy and boisterous:
䳳֣
The participants plan to dance, drink, and generally raise the roof at tonight's party.
Ǽƻڽľۻ衢Ƽ֮Ǽ֮
To complain loudly and bitterly:
ǿҵرԹ
Angry tenants finally raised the roof about their noisy neighbors.
ŭķڶԳھǿҿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hr?f 
Դ Ӣ hr?f 

= =
room
room
AHD:[r?m, r?m] 
D.J.[ru8m, r&m]
K.K.[rum, r&m]
n.Abbr. rm.ʣд rm.
A space that is or may be occupied:
̣ռ䣺ռûɱռõĵط
That easy chair takes up too much room.
Űռ̫Ŀռ
An area separated by walls or partitions from other similar parts of the structure or building in which it is located:
䣬ңﱻǽָָƲֵĳأ
the first room on the left; an unpainted room.
ֱߵһ䣻δˢķ
The people present in such an area:
ˣ
The whole room laughed.
˶Ц
rooms Living quarters; lodgings.
 rooms Ԣ
Suitable opportunity; occasion.
ʵĻ᣻ʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
roomed,room.ing,rooms 
To occupy a room; lodge.
ռһ䷿
?
Middle English roum 
йӢ roum 
from Old English r?m * see  reu- 
Դ Ӣ r?m *μ reu- 
?
room,elbowroom,latitude,leeway,margin,play,scope
The central meaning shared by these nouns is adequate space or opportunity for freedom of movement or action: 
Ще˼ǡ㹻ĿɻĿռʱ 
room for improvement;
Ƶأ
needed elbowroom to negotiate effectively;
Ч̸ʱ
no latitude allowed in conduct or speech;
κж۵ɣ
allowed the chef leeway in choosing the menu;
ʦѡ˵ɣ
no margin for error;
κβ
imagination given full play;
ɳ۳ҵ
permitting their talents free scope. 
ǵĲܵõɷ 

= =
root
root 1
AHD:[r?t, r?t] 
D.J.[ru8t, r&t]
K.K.[rut, r&t]
n.ʣ
The usually underground portion of a plant that lacks buds, leaves, or nodes and serves as support, draws minerals and water from the surrounding soil, and sometimes stores food.
ֲָͨûлҶӻڵĵ²֣ΪֲĹִΧȡˮʱ
Any of various other underground plant parts, especially an underground stem such as a rhizome, corm, or tuber.
¾龥κֲĵ²ָ֣򾥻龥ȵ¾
The embedded part of an organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nerve, that serves as a base or support.
ٻṹӡݻ񾭵Ϊײ֧ŲֵǶ벿
A base or support:
ײ֧Ųλ
We snipped the wires at the roots.
Ǽ˵ײĵ
An essential part or element; the basic core:
ʵʲֻҪأģ
I finally got to the root of the problem.
ץסʵ
A primary source; an origin.See Synonyms at origin 
ĸԴԴͷμ origin
A progenitor or an ancestor from which a person or family is descended.
ȣһ˻һͥȱ
Often roots The condition of being settled and of belonging to a particular place or society:
  roots ӣӲĳһضĵط״̬
Our roots in this town go back a long way.
ϵĸӿ׷˷ܾǰ
roots The state of having or establishing an indigenous relationship with or a personal affinity for a particular culture, society, or environment:
 roots ԴضĻ򻷾ϵ˹ϵ״̬
music with unmistakable African roots.
Դڷ޵
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word and provides the basis from which a word is derived by adding affixes or inflectional endings or by phonetic change.
ʸкҪֵҪأڴ˻ϣʿͨǰ׺۴βͨ仯
Such an element reconstructed for a protolanguage.Also called  radical 
ΪԭʼĸؽĳɷҲ  radical
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A number that when multiplied by itself an indicated number of times forms a product equal to a specified number. For example, a fourth root of 4 is ?2.Also called  nth root 
һʱʾһָȵ磬44η?2Ҳ  nth root
A number that reduces a polynomial equation in one variable to an identity when it is substituted for the variable.
⣬ʱ򻯱еĶʽ򷽳̵óһλԪص
Music 
֡ 
The note from which a chord is built.
ҵ
A triad or other chord that has such a note lowermost.
һ
v.ʣ
root.ed,root.ing,roots 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow roots or a root.

To become firmly established, settled, or entrenched.
ʹ̣ʹ̶ι̵ȷ
To come into existence; originate.
ڣԴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to put out roots and grow.
ʹɳ
To implant by or as if by the roots.
ʹٹ̣ʹι
To furnish a primary source or origin to.
ʼʹΪԴԴ
To remove by or as if by the roots. Often used withup  or out : 
γγup  out ã 
declared that waste and fraud will be vigorously rooted out of Government(New York Times)
ҪǿزеĻӻթ(ŦԼʱ)
?
root and branch
Utterly; completely:
ȫأ׵أ
The organization has been transformed root and branch by its new leaders.
֯ѱ쵼˳׸ı
?
Middle English rot 
йӢ rot 
from Old English r?t 
Դ Ӣ r?t 
from Old Norse * see  wr3d- 
Դ ˹ά *μ wr3d- 
?
rooter
n.ʣ
?
root
root 2
AHD:[r?t, r?t] 
D.J.[ru8t, r&t]
K.K.[rut, r&t]
v.ʣ
root.ed,root.ing,roots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To dig with or as if with the snout or nose.
·ÿǻñӹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dig in the earth with or as if with the snout or nose.
·ÿǻñ﷭
To rummage for something.
ĳ
?
Middle English wroten 
йӢ wroten 
from Old English wr?n 
Դ Ӣ wr?n 
?
rooter
n.ʣ
?
root
root 3
AHD:[r?t, r?t] 
D.J.[ru8t, r&t]
K.K.[rut, r&t]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
root.ed,root.ing,roots 
To give audible encouragement or applause to a contestant or team; cheer.See Synonyms at applaud 
ƣΪ߻ӹȲʲμ applaud
To lend support to someone or something.
Ԯ֧ĳ˻ĳ
?
Possibly alteration of rout 3
Ϊ rout3ı仯 
?
rooter
n.ʣ
?
Root
Root
AHD:[r?t] Elihu (1845-1937) 
D.J.[ru8t]
K.K.[rut]
NONE޴ԣ
American lawyer and public official who served as U.S. secretary of war (1899-1904), secretary of state (1905-1909), and senator from New York (1909-1915). He won the 1912 Nobel 
Peace Prize.
³أݣ(1845-1937) ʦԱս(1899-1904꣩(1905-1909꣩ŦԼѡĲԺԱ(1909-1915꣩1912ŵƽ

?
Root
RootJohn Wellborn (1850-1891)
NONE޴ԣ
American architect whose designs include the Monadnock Building (1889-1891) in Chicago, which employed steel framing instead of traditional solid-wall construction.
·أԼΤ(1850-1891) ʦư֥ӸʹøܶǴͳʵǽṹӢɵŵ˽(1889-1891꣩

= =
rope
rope
AHD:[r?p] 
D.J.[r*&p]
K.K.[rop]
n.ʣ
A flexible, heavy cord of tightly intertwined hemp or other fiber.
ôάƵҴص
A string of items attached in one line by or as if by twisting or braiding:
״ģһһšɻһеһ
a rope of onions.
һ
A sticky glutinous formation of stringy matter in a liquid.
˿״ʣ˿Һ˿״ʵĽճ
A cord with a noose at one end for hanging a person.
һл˵
Execution or death by hanging:
̣ϵ
to die by the rope.

A lasso or lariat.
ײţģ
ropes Sports Several cords strung between poles to enclose a boxing or wrestling ring.
 ropes ˶ ΧϵΧסǫ̃̄ˤ̨ܵ
ropes Informal Specialized procedures or details:
 ropes ʽ ϣרŵĳϸڣ
learn the ropes; know the ropes.
ѧϣ֪
v.ʣ
roped,rop.ing,ropes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To tie or fasten with or as if with rope.
ϵסûϵס
To enclose, separate, or partition with or as if with a rope:
ΧûΧ𡢷ָ
rope off the scene of the crime.
ӰѷֳΧ
To catch with a rope or lasso.
ץס
Informal To trick or deceive:
ʽ Ūƭ
An unscrupulous salesperson roped us into buying worthless property.
һµԱƭ޼ֵķز
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become like a cord or rope.
״״
?
on the ropes
Sports Knocked against the ropes that enclose a boxing ring.
˶ ϣȭʱǫ̃̄Χ
On the verge of defeat or collapse; hopeless or powerless.
군ʧܻ
the end of (one's) rope
The limit of one's patience, endurance, or resources:
޶ȣĳġԵ޶ȣ
After six months on strike, the workers were at the end of their rope.
Ǿ6µİչѾƣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r3p 
Դ Ӣ r3p 
?
roper
n.ʣ

= =
rose
rose 1
AHD:[r?z] 
D.J.[r*&z]
K.K.[roz]
n.ʣ
A member of the rose family.
õ廨ǾޱƵһ
Any of numerous shrubs or vines of the genusRosa,  having prickly stems, pinnately compound leaves, and variously colored, often fragrant flowers. 
Ǿޱõ壺һǾޱ ľٱֲɶ̣״Ҷɫ󷱶ζ 
The flower of any of these plants.
õ廨ǾޱֲĻ
Any of various similar or related plants.
ǾޱֲһƻԵϵֲ
Color A dark pink to moderate red.
ɫʡ õɫõ죺еǳĺɫ
An ornament, such as a decorative knot, resembling a rose in form; a rosette.
õ廨Σһõ廨װƷװν᣻õ廨
A perforated nozzle for spraying water from a hose or sprinkling can.
ʽ죺һʹˮӹӻˮп׵
A form of gem cut marked by a flat base and a faceted, hemispheric upper surface.
õһֵײƽչϱʰ״Ķ屦ʯʽ
A gem, especially a diamond, cut in this manner.
Ϊõ廨״ıʯ
A rose window.
Բõ廨
A compass card or its representation, as on a map.
޾޾̶̻ͼ޾̶̵ͼ
roses That which is marked by favor, success, or ease of execution:
 roses ׵ĹȫľأԶݡɹִΪصĶ
Directing this play has been all roses since the new producer took over.
Դ˽ֺ󣬵ⲿϷú
adj.ݴʣ
Color Of the color rose.
ɫʡ õɫ
Relating to, containing, or used for roses.
õ廨ģйءõ廨
Scented or flavored with or as if with roses.
ģŻƷлõζ
?
come up roses
To result favorably or successfully:
ã˳ɹؽ
Those were difficult times but now everything's coming up roses.
ȥܼѵһж
under the rose
Sub rosa.
ܵأ˽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin rosa 
Դ  rosa 
?
rose
rose 2
AHD:[r?z] 
D.J.[r*&z]
K.K.[roz]
v.ʣ
Past tense of rise 
 riseĹȥʽ
?
Rose
Rose
AHD:[r?z] Billy (1899-1966) 
D.J.[r*&z]
K.K.[roz]
NONE޴ԣ
American impresario and songwriter who producedCrazy Quilt  (1931) and other musical comedies and wrote several popular songs, including Me and My Shadow. 
˹(1899-1966) ָӼߣˡޱ 1931꣩ϲ磬дһЩҺҵӰӡи 
?
Rose
RoseMount
NONE޴ԣ
A mountain, 3,287.3 m (10,778 ft) high, of western Nevada. It is in a winter sports area near Reno and Lake Tahoe.
˹ɽڻһ3,287.3(10,778Ӣߣɽ壬λŵĶ˶

= =
rot
rot
AHD:[r?t] 
D.J.[rKt]
K.K.[r$t]
v.ʣ
rot.ted,rot.ting,rots 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo decomposition, especially organic decomposition; decay.
ãָٵķֽ⣻
To become damaged, weakened, or useless because of decay:
ö𻵡ã
The beams had rotted away.
Ѿ
To disappear or fall by decaying:
ãöʧ䣺
One could see the blackened areas where the branches had rotted off.
ǿۻహĵ֦ö
To languish; decline:
ݣ㲣ʧȥ
He was thrown into one of Napoleon's dungeons and left to rot(Michael Massing)
ͶصļǶս㲡(˶)
To decay morally; become degenerate.
䣺ϸܣǷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to decompose or decay.See Synonyms at decay 
ʹֽ򸯻μ decay
n.ʣ
The process of rotting or the condition of being rotten:
ãܵĹ̻øõ״̬
The rot spread quickly, rendering the bridge unsafe even for pedestrians.
ϸõĲѸչ涼ȫ
Foot rot.
õʳ
See  liver fluke 
μ  liver fluke 
Any of several plant diseases characterized by the breakdown of tissue and caused by various bacteria or fungi.
ݲһɸϸù֯˥ֲﲡ
Pointless talk; nonsense:
Ҫ̸ϻ
She always talks such rot.
ǽַϻ
Archaic Any disease causing the decay of flesh.
 ʴԼһʹ帯õļ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express annoyance, contempt, or impatience.
˵쵰ˣʾŭӻͷ
?
Middle English roten 
йӢ roten 
from Old English rotian 
Դ Ӣ rotian 

= =
rotary
ro.ta.ry
AHD:[r?t-r?] 
D.J.[6r*&t*ri8]
K.K.[6rot*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, causing, or characterized by rotation, especially axial rotation.
תģתģڡйءתΪģָת
n.ʣ
 ro.ta.ries 
A part or device that rotates around an axis.
תĲװ
A traffic circle.
ν棬νͨŦ
?
Medieval Latin rot3s 
 rot3s 
from Latin rota [wheel] * see  ret- 
Դ  rota [] *μ ret- 

= =
rotate
ro.tate
AHD:[r?t3t] 
D.J.[6r*&te!t]
K.K.[6rotet]
v.ʣ
ro.tat.ed,ro.tat.ing,ro.tates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn around on an axis or center.
ת
To proceed in sequence; take turns or alternate:
ѭȺ˳ǰֻ
Interns will rotate through the various departments.
ʵϰҪȥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to turn on an axis or center.See Synonyms at turn 
ʹתμ turn
To plant or grow (crops) in a fixed order of succession.
̶˳ϵ֣
To cause to alternate or proceed in sequence:
ʹ˳ǰ
The coach rotates her players frequently near the end of the game.
ڱʱƵֻԱ
adj.ݴʣ
Having radiating parts; wheel-shaped.
з䲿ֵģ״
?
Latin rot3e  rot3t- 
 rot3e  rot3t- 
from rota [wheel] * see  ret- 
Դ rota [] *μ ret- 
?
rotatable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rotation
ro.ta.tion
AHD:[r?-t3shn] 
D.J.[r*&6te!.*n]
K.K.[ro6te.*n]
n.Abbr. rot.ʣд rot.
The act or process of turning around a center or an axis:
תתĻתΪ̣
the axial rotation of the earth.
ת
A single complete cycle of such motion.
תһȦ
Mathematics A transformation of a coordinate system in which the new axes have a specified angular displacement from their original position while the origin remains fixed.
ѧ ȣһϵת䣬µԭλλƵһǶȶԭ㱣ֲ
Regular and uniform variation in a sequence or series:
ֻһжڵı䶯
a rotation of personnel; crop rotation.
Ա滻ũ
Games An order of shooting balls in billiards in which the ball with the lowest number on the table is always pocketed first.
Ϸ ַ̨̨Ϸл˳Сȱ
?
rotational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rotten
rot.ten
AHD:[r?tn] 
D.J.[6rKtn]
K.K.[6r$t2]
adj.ݴʣ
rot.ten.er,rot.ten.est 
Being in a state of putrefaction or decay; decomposed.
õģڸû򸯰״̬ģ
Having a foul odor resulting from or suggestive of decay; putrid.
ģڸöжóζģиζ
Made weak or unsound by rot:
ģڸö˵ģ
rotten floorboards.
ĵذ
Morally corrupt or despicable:
ģ°ܻ򱰱ɵģ
She's rotten to the core.
͸
Very bad; wretched:
ǳģģ
rotten weather.
ӵ
adv.ʣ
To a very great degree:
ǳ䣺
The child is spoiled rotten.
С軵
?
Middle English roten 
йӢ roten 
from Old Norse rotinn 
Դ ˹ά rotinn 
?
rottenly
adv.ʣ
rottenness
n.ʣ

= =
rough
rough
AHD:[r?f] 
D.J.[rJf]
K.K.[rJf]
adj.ݴʣ
rough.er,rough.est 
Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth.
⻬ģ治ƽ¡ͻģƽ
Coarse or shaggy to the touch:
ֲڵģëڵģָдֲڻë޵ģ
a rough, scratchy blanket.
һ˵Ĵë̺
Difficult to travel over or through:
᫵ģ߻Խģ
the rough terrain of the highlands.
ߵ϶͵ĵ
Characterized by violent motion; turbulent:
񱩵ģ˶ģӿģ
rough waters.
ӿĺ
Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather:
ѵģָӻϺܻȥģ
a rough winter.
϶
Unpleasant or difficult:
죬ѵģ
had a rough time during the exam.
ڼѰ
Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy:
ֱģ֡򡢴Ұµģ
ran with a rough crowd.
һȺֱΪ
Lacking polish or finesse:
³ģŵģ
rough manners.
³̬
Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating:
ëڵģڲвСĻģ
broke the crystal through rough handling.
ëڶˮƷ
Harsh to the ear:
̶ģ
a rough, raspy sound.
Ҳö
Being in a natural state:
Ȼ״̬ģ
rough diamonds.
δӹʯ
Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed:
ԵģơδɻԵģ
a rough drawing; rough carpentry.
ͼƵľ
n.ʣ
Rugged, overgrown terrain.
ߵͲƽӲݴĵ
Sports The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated.
˶ ߶δ׺δĲ
The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side:
ѣѣѻķ򲿷֣
observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.
ڹʵϰʱ˴βһ
Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state.
Ʒδɻּӹ״̬Ķ
A crude, unmannered person; a rowdy.
ˣçͽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
roughed,rough.ing,roughs 
To treat roughly or with physical violence:
ԡֱ³ضԴñԴ
roughed up his opponent.
ñԸ
Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness during a sport or game:
˶ ֱĶ˶ԲҪشֱԴԷ˶Ա
roughed the passer and was ejected from the game.
Դ߶ֱ
To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form:
⣺򻭳
rough out a house plan.
ӵĲͼ
adv.ʣ
In a rough manner; roughly.
ֱأҰ
?
rough it
To live without the usual comforts and conveniences:
ªͼ
roughed it in a small hunting shack.
һԵСªͼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?h 
Դ Ӣ r?h 
?
rougher
n.ʣ
roughly
adv.ʣ
roughness
n.ʣ
?
rough,harsh,jagged,rugged,scabrous,uneven
These adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface.
Щݴָ⻬ֲڻƽı档
 Rough  describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities,as projections or ridges: 
 Rough  ƽ̹Ķ͹¡𲿷ֵȣ 
rough bark;
ֲڵƤ
rough, chapped hands;
ֲڹѵ˫֣
a rough homespun fabric. Somethingharsh  is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating:  
ҷĵĴֲ Harsh ˸еشֲڡг̶壺  
harsh burlap;
ֲڵ鲼
the harsh cry of a crow.
̶ļ
Jagged  refers to an edge or a surface with irregular projections and indentations: 
Jagged  ָв͹򰼿ڵıԵ棺 
a jagged piece of glass.
һ״Ĳ
Rugged,  which often refers to strength or endurance,especially in people,can also apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular,often steep rises and slopes: 
Rugged  ָǿָܳԿ͵ģҲָرߵͲƽж͵ĸߵغб£ 
a rugged, rocky trail;
᫲ƽҶʯС·
rugged countryside.
塣
Scabrous  means rough and scaly to the tactile sense: 
Scabrous  ָָдֲҶ۵ģ 
a granular, scabrous spot on his cheek.
ϴֲڵĿ״ߵ㡣
Uneven  describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others: 
Uneven  ָЩֲͬһƽϵ㣺 
uneven ground;
ƽĵ棻
uneven handwriting. See also Synonyms at  rude 
ıʼ μͬ rude

= =
round
round 1
AHD:[round] 
D.J.[ra&nd]
K.K.[ra&nd]
adj.Abbr. rd.,rnd.ݴʣд rd.,rnd.
Being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center:
ԲģεģԲܵκһĵľ붼ȵģ
a round ball.
Բ
Moving in or forming a circle.
еĻγԲȦ
Shaped like a cylinder; cylindrical.
ԲģԲε
Rather rounded in shape:
Բεģ
the child's round face.
ӵԲ
Full in physique; plump:
ηģģ
a round figure.

Linguistics Formed or articulated with the lips in a rounded shape:
ѧ ԲģԲ״ԲԪģ
a round vowel.
ԲԪ
Full in tone; sonorous.
Բģ
Whole or complete; full:
ģȫģʮģ
a round dozen.
һ
Mathematics Expressed or designated as a whole number or integer; not fractional.
ѧ ģǷʾ
Not exact; approximate:
ȷеģµģ
a round estimate.
ԵĹ
Large; considerable:
ģɹ۵ģ
a round sum of money.
һʺܿɹ۵Ǯ
Brought to satisfactory conclusion or completion; finished.
ԲģԲģ
Outspoken; blunt:
̹ʵģֱԲģ
a round scolding.
ֱʵָ
Done with full force; unrestrained:
ģֱģʹñȥģԼģ
gave me a round thrashing.
ʹһ
n.ʣ
Something, such as a circle, disk, globe, or ring, that is round.
Բ״ԲȦԲ̡ԲԲεĶ
A circle formed of various things.
ȦɸֶΧɵһȦ
Movement around a circle or about an axis.
תȦת
A rung or crossbar, as one on a ladder or chair.
ᵵӻϵݼľ
A cut of beef from the part of the thigh between the rump and the shank.
ţ⣺ţۺţС֮Ȳֵһţ
An assembly of people; a group.
һȺˣۼһˣһȺ
A round dance.
ԲȦ
A complete course, succession, or series:
һ֣һغϣһḶ́һһϵУ
a round of parties; a round of negotiations.
һ罻ۻ᣻̸
Often rounds A course of customary or prescribed actions, duties, or places:
  rounds ȦѲӣְصȵϰ߻涨·ߣ
physicians' rounds.
ҽѲس
A complete range or extent.
Χ̶
One drink for each person in a gathering or group:
ϵһѲָߵһϣ
Let me buy the next round.
´
A single outburst, as of applause or cheering.
һ󻶺ŷһ򻶺
A single shot or volley.
һ뷢
Ammunition for a single shot or volley.
һηĵҩӵ
A specified number of arrows shot from a specified distance to a target in archery.
ʱһضӵļĿ
Sports Games An interval of play that occupies a specified time, constitutes a certain number of plays, or allows each player a turn.
˶ Ϸ һ֣һغϣһ֣һһ̣ռһʱ䲢һıɻÿ˶Աһصı
Music A composition for two or more voices in which each voice enters at a different time with the same melody.
֡ ֳ裺ÿڲͬʱͬһĸƷ
v.ʣ
round.ed,round.ing,rounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make round.See Synonyms at bend 1
ʹγԲβμ bend1
To encompass; surround.
Χ
To cause to proceed or move in a circular course.
ơУʹԻ·н˶
Linguistics To pronounce with rounded lips; labialize.
ѧ Բ촽Ԫʹ
To fill out; make plump.
ʹ֣ʹ
To bring to completion or perfection; finish.
ʹɻԲʹ
Mathematics To express as a round number:
ѧ 룺
The number 1.64 can be rounded to 1.6 or to 2.
1.64뵽1.62
To make a complete circuit of; go or pass around.
ʹƻУƹ
To make a turn about or to the other side of:
תչ
rounded a bend in the road.
ƹ·Ĺս
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become round.
Բ
To take a circular course; complete or partially complete a circuit:
УƣԻе·ߣɻ򲿷һԲȦ·ߣ
racecars rounding into the final lap.
һȦ
To turn about, as on an axis; reverse.
תתתת෴ķ
To become curved, filled out, or plump.
֣
To come to satisfactory completion or perfection.
Բ
adv.ʣ
In a circular progression or movement; around.
ΧƵأԲȦǰ˶أе
With revolutions:
תأ
wheels moving round.
ת
To a specific place or person:
һضصˣ
called round for the pastor; sent round for the veterinarian.
Ѱʦĳҽ
prep.ʣ
Around.

From the beginning to the end of; throughout:
ͷβ鼰
a plant that grows round the year.
ֲ
?
round on
To turn on and assail.
ͻȻ
round up
To seek out and bring together; gather.
££
To herd (cattle) together from various places.
£ѣţȺӲͬĵطϵһ
?
in the round
With the stage in the center of the audience.
̨ڹ
Fully shaped so as to stand free of a background:
״뱳ģ
a sculpture in the round.

make the rounds 
go the rounds
To go from place to place, as on business or for entertainment:
ѲأһصһأѲسУ
a delivery truck making the rounds; students going the rounds in the entertainment district.
ͻĿһˣѧ
To be communicated or passed from person to person:
дһ˽һ˵Ĵ
The news quickly made the rounds. A piece of juicy gossip is going the rounds.
Ϣܿʹˣлȥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman rounde 
Դ Ӣ rounde 
variant of Old French rond 
 ŷ rondı 
ultimately from Vulgar Latin *retundus 
Դ  *retundus 
from Latin rotundus 
Դ  rotundus 
from rota [wheel] * see  ret- 
Դ rota [] *μ ret- 
?
roundness
n.ʣ
?
round
round 2
AHD:[round] 
D.J.[ra&nd]
K.K.[ra&nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
round.ed,round.ing,rounds  
To whisper.
˵
?
Middle English rounden 
йӢ rounden 
from Old English r?n 
Դ Ӣ r?n 
from r?n [a secret] 
Դ r?n [] 

= =
rouse
rouse
AHD:[rouz] 
D.J.[ra&z]
K.K.[ra&z]
v.ʣ
roused,rous.ing,rous.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression.
ѣѡ˯ߡĮɥл
To excite, as to anger or action; stir up.See Synonyms at provoke 
ŭжɿμ provoke
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To awaken.

To become active.
ûԾ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of arousing.
ʹܣΪ
?
Middle English rousen [to shake the feathers: used of a hawk] 
йӢ rousen [ָӥë] 
perhaps from Old French reuser, ruser [to repel, push back] 
Դ ŷ reuser, ruser [] 
from Vulgar Latin *rec?3re} 
Դ  *rec?3re} 
from Latin [to refuse] * see  recuse 
Դ  [ܾ] *μ recuse
?
rouser
n.ʣ

= =
route
route
AHD:[r?t, rout] 
D.J.[ru8t, ra&t]
K.K.[rut, ra&t]
n.Abbr. rte.ʣд rte.
A road, course, or way for travel from one place to another.
·һصһеĵ··߻򷽷
A highway.
··
A customary line of travel.See Synonyms at way 
ͳ·߲μ way
A fixed course or territory assigned to a salesperson or delivery person.
ӦߣԱͻ˵Ĺ̶·߻
A means of reaching a goal.
;һִﵽĿĵķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rout.ed,rout.ing,routes 
To send or forward by a specific route.See Synonyms at send 1
ض·ͻͲμ send1
To schedule the order of (a sequence of procedures).
ţһϵг򣩵˳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin rupta (via) [broken (road)] [feminine past participle of] rumpere [to break] * see  rout 1
Դ  rupta (via) [ѵģ·]  [] rumpereԹȥִ [] *μ rout1

= =
routine
rou.tine
AHD:[r?-t?n] 
D.J.[ru86ti8n]
K.K.[ru6tin]
n.ʣ
A prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure.
й£߳ѭѹ涨õΪ׼
A set of customary and often mechanically performed procedures or activities.See Synonyms at method 
һףһ׹߳ҳеִеĳμ method
A set piece of entertainment, especially in a nightclub or theater.
̶ֽĿָҹܻԺĹ̶Ŀ
Slang A particular kind of behavior or activity:
ٵ һضΪ
She went into her hurt routine.
˹߳ʹ֮
Computer Science A set of programming instructions designed to perform a specific, limited task.
ѧ г򣬳һִһض޵ĳָ
adj.ݴʣ
In accord with established procedure:
йµģ
a routine check of passports.
黤յĹ
Habitual; regular:
ϰԵģģ
made his routine trip to the store.
ճȥ̵
Having no special quality; ordinary:
ƽģûģͨģ
a routine day.
ƽһ
?
French 
 
from route [route] 
Դ route [·] 
from Old French * see  route 
Դ ŷ *μ route
?
routinely
adv.ʣ
routinism
n.ʣ
routinist
n.ʣ

= =
row
row 1
AHD:[r?] 
D.J.[r*&]
K.K.[ro]
n.ʣ
A series of objects placed next to each other, usually in a straight line.
һУһŵһ壬ͨһֱ
A succession without a break or gap in time:
һʱ䣺ʱûмϻ
won the title for three years in a row.
˳ƺ
A continuous line of buildings along a street.
·֣ؽֵһϵн
v.tr.ﶯʣ
rowed,row.ing,rows 
To place in a row.
ųһ
?
a tough row to hoeʽ
A difficult situation to endure.
ܵѾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r3w 
Դ Ӣ r3w 
?
row
row 2
AHD:[r?] 
D.J.[r*&]
K.K.[ro]
v.ʣ
rowed,row.ing,rows 
v.intr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To propel a boat with or as if with oars.
ýý
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Nautical 
 
To propel (a boat) with or as if with oars.
ýƽﻮ
To carry in or on a boat propelled by oars.
ýĴ
To use (a specified number of oars or people deploying them).
ãضĿĽ˵ȣ
To propel or convey in a manner resembling rowing of a boat.
Իһķʽ
Sports 
˶ 
To pull (an oar) as part of a racing crew.
ΪӵһԱ
To race against by rowing.
롭л
n.Nautical ʣ 
The act or an instance of rowing.
Ķ
A shift at the oars of a boat.
ƶ
A trip or an excursion in a rowboat.
УлԶ
?
Middle English rowen 
йӢ rowen 
from Old English r?n * see  er- 
Դ Ӣ r?n *μ er- 
?
rower
n.ʣ
?
row
row 3
AHD:[rou] 
D.J.[ra&]
K.K.[ra&]
n.ʣ
A boisterous disturbance or quarrel; a brawl.See Synonyms at brawl 
£ӵֻܲμ brawl
An uproar; a great noise.
ɧңܴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
rowed,row.ing,rows 
To take part in a quarrel, a brawl, or an uproar.
μܻɧ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
royal
roy.al
AHD:[roil] 
D.J.[6r%!*l]
K.K.[6r%!*l]
adj.Abbr. R.ݴʣд R.
Of or relating to a monarch.
ģҵģģйص
Of the rank of a monarch.
λ
Of, relating to, or in the service of a kingdom.
ģġйصĻΪ
Issued or performed by a monarch:
뷶ģģģִеģ
a royal warrant; a royal visit.
ȨҰݷ
Founded, chartered, or authorized by a monarch:
ġĻģ
a royal society of musicians.
ּҾۻ
Befitting royalty; stately:
ھģׯϸ߹ģ
royal treatment.
߰ĶԴ
Superior, as in size or quality.
ʵģָС
Used as an intensive:
ڼǿ
It would be a first-class royal mess(Sam Nunn)
ǽһ㡱(ķŬ)
n.ʣ
Informal A member of a monarch's family:
ʽ ҳԱеһԱ
Among the resort's distinguished visitors are Swedish and Spanish royals(Alistair Scott)
ڱصڶԺοУһЩҳԱ(˹̩˹)
Nautical A sail set on the royalmast.
 ΦڶΦϵķ
A paper size, 20 by 25 inches for printing, 19 by 24 inches for writing.
ãһֽŹӡˢֽΪ2025Ӣ磬дֽΪ1924Ӣ
?
the royal road
A way or method that presents no difficulties:
ݾѵķʽ
the royal road to success.
ɹĽݾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin r?3lis} 
Դ  r?3lis} 
from r?x  r?g- [king] * see  reg- 
Դ r?x  r?g- [] *μ reg- 
?
royally
adv.ʣ

= =
royalty
roy.al.ty
AHD:[roil-t?] 
D.J.[6r%!*lti8]
K.K.[6r%!*lti]
n.ʣ
 roy.al.ties 
A person of royal rank or lineage.
ԱʼҽײһԱ
Monarchs and their families considered as a group.
壺˵ܳ
The lineage or rank of a monarch.
ļϵײ
The power, status, or authority of a monarch.
ȨȨλ
Royal quality or bearing.
ûʣ߹󣺻Ʒʻֹ
A kingdom or possession ruled by a monarch.
ͳε
A right or prerogative of the crown, as that of receiving a percentage of the proceeds from mines in the royal domain.
ȨȨȨԻûʼĿһ
The granting of a right by a monarch to a corporation or an individual to exploit specified natural resources.
Ȩɾ˾˿һضȻԴȨ
The payment for such a right.
ȨΪÿȨķ
A share paid to a writer or composer out of the proceeds resulting from the sale or performance of his or her work.
˰ӵۻóĸ߻ߵһֽ
A share in the proceeds paid to an inventor or a proprietor for the right to use his or her invention or services.
רȨ˰Ϊʹ÷߻ҵһ
A share of the profit or product reserved by the grantor, especially of an oil or mining lease.Also called  In this sense, also called override 
ʹ÷ѣʹ󾮶߱һƷҲ  ڴҲɳ override

= =
rub
rub
AHD:[r?b] 
D.J.[rJb]
K.K.[rJb]
v.ʣ
rubbed,rub.bing,rubs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To subject to the action of something that moves back and forth with friction and pressure.
ܵĦѹǰƶʵ˶
To cause to move along a surface with friction and pressure.
ʹĦĶʹĦѹĳƶ
To irritate; annoy:
ŭգ
His laziness was beginning to rub me.
迪ʼŭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move along a surface with friction and pressure.
ĦĦѹűƶ
To chafe with friction.
ˣĦ
To cause irritation or annoyance.
գʹ˲ŭ
To continue in a given situation, usually with some difficulty:
ͨгȥ
Despite all our problems, we continue to rub along.
кܶ⣬Լȥ
To admit rubbing:
Ħ
a blackboard that rubs clean easily.
ײɾĺڰ
To be transferred by contact or proximity:
մ⣺ͨӴӽתƣ
wished some of her luck would rub off on me.
ϣת
n.ʣ
The act of rubbing.
ĦĶ
The application of friction and pressure:
꣬ĦĦѹӦã
a back rub.
󱳰Ħ
An unevenness on a surface.
治ƽ
An act or a remark that annoys or hurts another.
˸£ŭĻʹһ˺յΪ
Difficulty:
ѣ
Ay, there's the rub(Shakespeare)
Ѿ(ɯʿ)
?
rub down
To perform a brisk rubbing of the body, as in massage.
ĦʱĦ
rub in
To harp on (an unpleasant matter).
˲£
rub out
To obliterate by or as if by rubbing.
ĥͨͨĦȥ
Slang To kill; murder.
ٵ ɱɵ
?
rub elbows 
rub shoulders
To mix or socialize closely:
롭лϻ
diplomats rubbing elbows with heads of state.
Ԫ׽е⽻
rub (one's) hands
To experience or display pleased anticipation, self-satisfaction, or glee.
ֳ򻶿
rub (someone's) nose inٵ
To bring repeatedly and forcefully to another's attention.
ϵǿԵһ˵ע
rub (someone) the wrong way
To annoy; irritate:
ŭգ
One can see . . . how[his]  expression of his ideals and intentions must have rubbed many people the wrong way (Christopher Lehmann-Haupt)
ܹ[] ͼıμŭ˵ġ (˹и)
rub up on
To refresh one's knowledge of:
ϰϰ
I have to rub up on my French.
ҵϰһ·
?
Middle English rubben 
йӢ rubben 

= =
rubber
rubber 1
AHD:[r?br] 
D.J.[6rJb*]
K.K.[6rJb+]
n.ʣ
A yellowish, amorphous, elastic material obtained from the milky sap or latex of various tropical plants, especially the rubber tree, and vulcanized, pigmented, finished, and modified 
into products such as electric insulation, elastic bands and belts, tires, and containers.Also called  caoutchouc ,India rubber 
𽺣һǳɫĵԷǾʣӸȴֲҺȡȻ򻯡ɫĥ⡢ӹԵϡԴ͵̥ȲƷ
Ҳ  caoutchouc,India rubber
Any of numerous synthetic elastic materials of varying chemical composition with properties similar to those of natural rubber.
ϳ𽺣вͬĻѧɷֵĸеԵĺϳԭϣȻ
A low overshoe made of rubber.
Ь
Baseball The oblong piece of hard rubber on which the pitcher must stand when delivering the ball.
 Ͷְ壻ݰ壺ͶͶʱվĳӲ𽺰
Something made of rubber, as:
Ʒ磺
An eraser.
Ƥ
A tire.
Ƥ̥
A set of tires on a vehicle.
һƤ̥
Slang A condom.
ٵ ף
One that rubs, especially one that gives a massage.
ĦߣĦĦĦ˻ָĦԱ
?
From rub 
Դ rub
?
rubber
rubber 2
AHD:[r?br] 
D.J.[6rJb*]
K.K.[6rJb+]
n.Abbr. r.Games ʣд r.Ϸ 
A series of games of which two out of three or three out of five must be won to terminate the play.
ʤֱ涨ʤʤһϵб
An odd game played to break a tie.
ʤ֣1Դƽֵ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
rubbish
rub.bish
AHD:[r?b1sh] 
D.J.[6rJb!.]
K.K.[6rJb!.]
n.ʣ
Refuse; garbage.

Worthless material.
޼ֵ֮
Foolish discourse; nonsense.
޴۵˵˵
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
rubbish collection; a rubbish pail.
ѣͰ
?
Middle English robishe 
йӢ robishe 

= =
rude
rude
AHD:[r?d] 
D.J.[ru8d]
K.K.[rud]
adj.ݴʣ
rud.er,rud.est 
Relatively undeveloped; primitive:
δģԭʼģ
a rude and savage land; a rude agricultural implement.
ԭʼҰ֮أԭʼũҵ
Being in a crude, rough, unfinished condition:
ªģδӹġƵġδɵ״̬
a rude thatched hut.
ªé
Exhibiting a marked lack of skill or precision in work:
ģȱɵģڹбֳȱɻȷȵģ
rude crafts.
ֲڵֹ
In a natural, raw state:
Ȼģδӹģ
bales of rude cotton.
һһԭ
Lacking the graces and refinement of civilized life; uncouth.
ֱģҰģȱźͽģŵ
Lacking education or knowledge; unlearned.
޽ģδܹĻ֪ģûĻ
Ill-mannered; discourteous:
ûòģ³ģ
rude behavior.
³Ϊ
Vigorous, robust, and sturdy.
ȫģǿ׳ģлġ׳ĺǿ
Abruptly and unpleasantly forceful:
ͻȻģ񱩵ġҵġȻģ
received a rude shock.
ܵȻĴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin rudis 
Դ  rudis 
?
rudely
adv.ʣ
rudeness
n.ʣ
?
rude,crude,primitive,raw,rough
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by a lack of skill and finish: 
Щݴʹͬǡȱټɺ;µġ 
a rude hut;
ªľ
a crude drawing;
ֲڵĻ
primitive kitchen facilities;
ԭʼĳþߣ
a raw wooden canoe;
Ȼľƶľۣ
a rough sketch. 
ִֵд 

= =
rug
rug
AHD:[r?g] 
D.J.[rJg]
K.K.[rJg]
n.ʣ
A heavy fabric used to cover a floor.
̺ڸǵذĺ֯
An animal skin used as a floor covering.
ëƤ̺ڸǵĶëƤ
Chiefly British A piece of thick, warm fabric or fur used as a coverlet or lap robe.
Ӣ ëֻ̺ë̺һů֯ëƤ
Slang A toupee.
ٵ ٷ
?
[Of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 

= =
ruin
ru.in
AHD:[r?1n] 
D.J.[6ru8!n]
K.K.[6ru!n]
n.ʣ
Total destruction or disintegration, either physical, moral, social, or economic.
ϡϡϻ򾭼ϵȫٻ
A cause of total destruction.
ٻԭ
The act of destroying totally.
ƻΪ
A destroyed person, object, or building.
ٵĶƻˡ
Often ruins The remains of something destroyed, disintegrated, or decayed:
  ruins 棬żٻ߽õĳż
studied the ruins of ancient Greece.
оϣż
v.ʣ
ru.ined,ru.in.ing,ru.ins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To destroy completely; demolish.
ƻ
To harm irreparably.
Ụ̄ѡ޿ص˺
To reduce to poverty or bankruptcy.
û䣬Ʋ
To deprive of chastity.
ʹ䣬ռ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall into ruin.
Ϊ棬
?
Middle English ruine 
йӢ ruine 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ruoa 
Դ  ruoa 
from ruere [to rush, collapse] 
Դ ruere [ͳ壬] 
?
ruinable
adj.ݴʣ
ruiner
n.ʣ
?
ruin,raze,demolish,destroy,wreck
These verbs mean to injure and deprive somethingor, less often, someoneof usefulness, soundness, or value.
Щʵ˼˺ʹĳʱʧȥôֵ
 Ruin   usually implies irretrievable harmbut not necessarily total destruction: 
 Ruin  ָͨ޿ص˺һָȫ 
The fire ruined the books in the library.
ٻͼݵ顣
You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine (Arthur Conan Doyle).
 㲻ƻҵһƻ˵ˡ ɪϵ
 Raze,  to level to the ground,
 Raze  ָΪƽأ
 demolish,  to pull down or break to pieces,and the more generaldestroy,  to tear down, can all imply reduction to ruins or even complete obliteration: 
 demolish  ָƵ飬destroy 㷺ָ٣ж ʶָʹΪ򳹵ʧ 
raze what was left of the city from the surface of the earth (John Lothrop Motley). 
ʹʣµĶӵʧ Լ·˹աĪ 
The conquerors tried to raze the very name of the people's national hero from their memories.
ͼӢ۵ִǵļĨȥ
Both of the cars involved were demolished in the accident.
¹еơ
The prosecutor demolished the opposition's argument.
ٳƷ˷ɵ۵㡣
It became necessary to destroy the town in order to save it (Anonymous major in Vietnam). 
ΪбҪٻ Խϵ½У 
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness (Allen Ginsberg).Towreck  is to ruin in or as if in a violent collision:  
ҿʱΰ鱻 ס˹wreck ָûñͻٻ  
The Boers had just wrecked a British military train (Arnold Bennett).Whenwreck  is used in its extended sense, as in referring to the ruination of a person or his or her hopes or 
reputation, it implies irreparable shattering: 
˸ոջһӢû𳵡 ŵ¡أWreck ʱָٻһ˻ϣ ָ޿صĻ 
Coleridge, poet and philosopher wrecked in a mist of opium (Matthew Arnold).
ʫ˺ѧҿ¶αѻƬˡ ޡŵ£

= =
rule
rule
AHD:[r?l] 
D.J.[ru8l]
K.K.[rul]
n.ʣ
Governing power or its possession or use; authority.
ȨͳεȨռмã֧
The duration of such power.
ͳڣȨĳʱ
An authoritative, prescribed direction for conduct, especially one of the regulations governing procedure in a legislative body or a regulation observed by the players in a game, sport, 
or contest.
򣬹涨ȨԵĳĵΪ淶ָ淶ĳĹϷ˶вμ߱صĹ
The body of regulations prescribed by the founder of a religious order for governing the conduct of its members.
̹棬ĳڽɱĽΪԱΪ涨һϵ
A usual, customary, or generalized course of action or behavior:
棬ĳΪ˶ͨġϰԵĻڻ˵Ḷ́
The rule of life in the defense bar ordinarily is to go along and get along(Scott Turow)
ߵӹ족(˹ءͼ)
A generalized statement that describes what is true in most or all cases:
ɣܽȷʲôȷĳ
In this office, hard work is the rule, not the exception.
칫ŬǷ򣬶
Mathematics A standard method or procedure for solving a class of problems.
ѧ ⷨһĹ߳
Law 
ɡ 
A court order limited in application to a specific case.
þöĳһضķԺ
A subordinate regulation governing a particular matter.
ģӦĳһضӵĸ涨
See  ruler 
μ  ruler 
Printing A thin metal strip of various widths and designs, used to print borders or lines, as between columns.
ӡˢ ߣȺƲһһϸӡˢ߽ߣĿ֮
v.ʣ
ruled,rul.ing,rules 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exercise control, dominion, or direction over; govern.
ͳΣϽʹƣͳλ
To dominate by powerful influence.
ƣ֧䣺ͨӰ
To decide or declare authoritatively or judicially; decree.See Synonyms at decide 
þöȨػ˾ؾöоμ decide
To mark with straight parallel lines.
ƽߣֱƽ߱
To mark (a straight line), as with a ruler.
óӣֱߣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in total control or command; exercise supreme authority.
ͳΣȫƻָӣʹȨ
To formulate and issue a decree or decision.
öƶ
To prevail at a particular level or rate:
ĳһˮƽĳһضˮƽٶռƣ
Prices ruled low.
һֱֺܵ
?
rule out
To prevent; preclude:
⣻ų⣺
The snowstorm ruled out their weekly meeting.
ѩʹһһεĻ޷
To remove from consideration; exclude:
ǣųȥ
The option of starting over has been ruled out.
¿ʼѡѱų
?
as a rule
In general; for the most part:
ͨϣ
As a rule, we take the bus.
ͨҳ˹
?
Middle English reule 
йӢ reule 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *regula 
Դ  *regula 
from Latin r?a [rod, principle] * see  reg- 
Դ  r?a [Ȩԭ] *μ reg- 
?
rulable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
ruler
rul.er
AHD:[r?lr] 
D.J.[6ru8l*]
K.K.[6rul+]
n.ʣ
One, such as a monarch or dictator, that rules or governs.
ͳߣߣͳλˣ
A straightedged strip, as of wood or metal, for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths.Also called  In this sense, also called rule 
ߣֱߣߣľͷƳɵֱǵڻֱߺͲҲ  ڴҲɳ rule

= =
rumour
ru.mour
AHD:[r?mr] 
D.J.[6ru8m*]
K.K.[6rum+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of rumor 
 rumorı

= =
runner
run.ner
AHD:[r?nr] 
D.J.[6rJn*]
K.K.[6rJn+]
n.ʣ
Sports One who competes in a race.
˶ ߣμܵ
Baseball One who runs the bases.
 
Football One who carries the ball.
 
A fugitive.

One who carries messages or runs errands.
ˣ
One who serves as an agent or a collector, as for a bank or brokerage house.
տԱԱлƱеտԱ
One who solicits business, as for a hotel or store.
Աߣߣùݻ̵
A smuggler:
˽ߣ
a narcotics runner.
˽
Nautical A vessel engaged in smuggling.
 ˽͵ɴ˽˹̵Ĵ
One who operates or manages something:
ߣߣ
the runner of a series of gambling operations.
һϵжĲ˵
A device in or on which a mechanism slides or moves, as:
װãеϻлƶװã磺
The blade of a skate.
Ьı
The supports on which a drawer slides.
Ļ
A long narrow carpet.
ֳ̺խĵ̺
A long narrow tablecloth.
խ
A roller towel.
״ֽ
Metallurgy A channel along which molten metal is poured into a mold; a gate.
ұѧ ۣʹۻ˵Ľעģӵͨ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A slender, creeping stem that puts forth roots from nodes spaced at intervals along its length.
뾥֦ڷֲϵϳϸ뾥
A plant, such as the strawberry, having such a stem.
뾥ֲг뾥ֲݮ
A twining vine, such as the scarlet runner.
ֲεٱֲ컨˶
Any of several marine fishes of the family Carangidae, especially the blue runner(Caranx crysos),  of temperate waters of the American Atlantic coast. Also called  blue runner 
һƺ㣬ָ޴ذ´ˮ  Ҳ  blue runner
Sports See  flat 1
˶ μ  flat1 

= =
rupture
rup.ture
AHD:[r?pchr] 
D.J.[6rJpt.*]
K.K.[6rJpt.+]
n.ʣ
The process of breaking open or bursting.
ѿͻȻըѿըĹ
The state of being broken open.
ѿ״ֿ̬״̬
A break in friendly relations.
ѣѺùϵĶ
Pathology 
ѧ 
A hernia, especially of the groin or intestines.
ָɹ򳦵
A tear in bodily tissue.
֯
v.ʣ
rup.tured,rup.tur.ing,rup.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break open; burst.
ѣѿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo or suffer a rupture.
֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin rupt?a 
Դ  rupt?a 
from ruptus [past participle of] rumpere [to break] * see  reup- 
Դ ruptus  [] rumpereĹȥִ [] *μ reup- 
?
rupturable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rural
ru.ral
AHD:[r?rl] 
D.J.[6r&*r*l]
K.K.[6r&r*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the country.
ũģ԰ģũģйصģص
Of or relating to people who live in the country:
ũģס˵ģйصģ
rural households.
ũͥ
Of or relating to farming; agricultural.
ũҵģũҵģũҵйصģũҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin r?3lis} 
Դ  r?3lis} 
from r?s  r?r- [country] * see  reu- 
Դ r?s  r?r- [ũ] *μ reu- 
?
rurally
adv.ʣ
?
rural,bucolic,rustic,pastoral
These adjectives all mean of or typical of the country as distinguished from the city.
Щݴʶʾũصģ
 Rural  applies to sparsely settled or agricultural country: 
 Rural  ָס˽ٻũҵ壺 
I do love quiet, rural England (George Meredith).
ȷʵϲӢ塱 Ρ˹
 Bucolic  is often used pejoratively or facetiously of country people or their manners: 
 Bucolic  ָͨũ˻ũ˷ʽģڶгζ 
The keenest of bucolic minds felt a whispering awe at the sight of the gentry (George Eliot).
ˣΪеʹǿŵ˱еһԵľη ǡأ
 Rustic   frequently suggests a lack of sophistication or elegance,but it may also connote artless and pleasing simplicity: 
 Rustic  ָͨȱţҲָκĵ 
some rustic phrases which I had learned at the farmer's house (Jonathan Swift). 
ǸũѧһЩ Լɭ˹أ 
The cottage has a rustic grace and beauty.
ľһź
Pastoral,   which evokes the image of shepherds, sheep, and verdant countryside,suggests the charm and serenity of the country: 
Pastoral  뵽ˡȺͲԴ徰󣬰ָũͰ꣺ 
We watched from the train window as the pastoral landscapes of Burgundy unfolded. 
͸𳵳޵ڵչʾǰ 

= =
rush
rush 1
AHD:[r?sh] 
D.J.[rJ.]
K.K.[rJ.]
v.ʣ
rushed,rush.ing,rush.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or act swiftly; hurry.
壬ƶжϿ
To make a sudden or swift attack or charge.
͹ͻȻٵĽϮ
To flow or surge rapidly, often with noise:
ڣͨؿк
Tons of water rushed over the falls.
ֵˮкٲ
Football To move the ball by running.
 ܶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move or act with unusual haste or violence.
ʹҴнʹǳæҵƶж
To perform with great haste:
ִɣϽ
rushed completion of the project.
ִĿ
To attack swiftly and suddenly:
͹ͻٶͻȻس
Infantry rushed the enemy after the artillery barrage.
ڵĻڻ͹
To transport or carry hastily:
Ҵҵˣ
An ambulance rushed her to the hospital.
ȻҴҵ͵ҽԺ
To entertain or pay great attention to:
ԡ߼עӣ
They rushed him for their fraternity.
ȡֵܻ
Football To charge (a quarterback or passer) in order to block or prevent a play.
 ͻϮΪֹֹ˶Ϯķߣ
n.ʣ
A sudden forward motion.
壬ͻȻǰ˶
Surging emotion:
ȣһ󼤶
a rush of shame.
һ
An anxious and eager movement to get to or from a place:
ӵжص뿪ĳط
a rush to the goldfields.
Խ
A sudden, very insistent, generalized demand:
ͻȻģǳвձ
a rush for gold coins.

General haste or busyness:
æµձķææµ
The office always operates in a rush.
칫ҵĹǺܷæ
A sudden attack; an onslaught.
ͻȻϮ͹
A rapid, often noisy flow or passage.See Synonyms at flow 
ӿֵͨμ flow
Football 
 
An attempt to move the ball by running.
ܶ
An act of charging the offensive quarterback or passer in order to block or prevent a play.
ͻϮΪֹֹ˶ϮԷķǰ
Often rushes The first, unedited print of a movie scene.
  rushes ƬӰƬһͷδ༭Ƭ
A time of attention, usually one in which extensive social activity occurs:
һλͨ㷺罻
a rush of debutante parties.
һΪν罻Ůʿٰ
A drive by a Greek society on a college campus to recruit new members:
ˣУ԰ЭΪ»Աȡж
a sorority rush.
Ů
The intensely pleasurable sensation experienced immediately after use of a stimulant or a mind-altering drug.
Уô̼Ʒ񾭵ĶƷ̲֮һּǿõĸ
A sudden, brief exhilaration:
ܣһͻȻݵĿϲ
A familiar rush overtook him each time the store announced a half-price special on expensive stereo equipment.
ÿԹصװʵаʱܸеһǿҵϤĿϲ
?
Middle English rushen 
йӢ rushen 
from Anglo-Norman russher 
Դ Ӣ russher 
variant of Old French ruser [to drive back] 
 ŷ ruserı [˻] 
from Latin rec?3re} [to reject] 
Դ  rec?3re} [ܾ] 
re- [re-] 
re- [ظ] 
caus3o} [to give as a reason]  from causa [cause] 
caus3o} [ԡΪ]  Դ causa [] 
?
rusher
n.ʣ
?
rush
rush 2
AHD:[r?sh] 
D.J.[rJ.]
K.K.[rJ.]
n.ʣ
Any of various stiff marsh plants of the genusJuncus,  having pliant hollow or pithy stems and small flowers with scalelike perianths. 
ĲݣһֵĲ Ĳֲ͵ĿĻľС״ 
Any of various similar, usually aquatic plants.
ĲƵֲƵģͨˮֲ
The stem of one of these plants, used in making baskets, mats, and chair seats.
Ĳݵľֲľڱӡϯӵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English rysc 
Դ Ӣ rysc 
?
Rush
Rush
AHD:[r?sh] Benjamin (1745-1813) 
D.J.[rJ.]
K.K.[rJ.]
NONE޴ԣ
American physician, politician, and educator. A signer of the Declaration of Independence, he promoted the abolition of slavery and the humane treatment of the mentally handicapped.
ʲ(1745-1813) ҽμҺͽңǶԵǩߣٽūƶȵ˵̬ȶԴм

= =
rust
rust
AHD:[r?st] 
D.J.[rJst]
K.K.[rJst]
n.ʣ
Any of various powdery or scaly reddish-brown or reddish-yellow hydrated ferric oxides formed on iron and iron-containing materials by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of 
water.
⣺ĩ״״ĺɫƺɫˮˮϻϵ
Any of various metallic coatings, especially oxides, formed by corrosion.
⣺ڸʴγɵĽ㣬ָ
A stain or coating resembling iron rust.
İߺۻ
Deterioration, as of ability, resulting from inactivity or neglect.
˥ˣȵģ򲻻ڲöµ˥
Botany 
ֲѧ 
Rust fungus.

A plant disease caused by a rust fungus, characterized by reddish or brownish spots on leaves, stems, and other parts.
ⲡһֲﲡصҶӡкɫɫİߵ
Color A strong brown.
ɫʡ ɫɫ
v.ʣ
rust.ed,rust.ing,rusts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become corroded.
⣺ʴ
To deteriorate or degenerate through inactivity or neglect.
˥ˣ򲻻ö˥˻
To become the color of rust.
ɺɫ
Botany To develop a disease caused by a rust fungus.
ֲѧ Ĳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To corrode or subject (a metal) to rust formation.
ʹʴʴʴ
To impair or spoil, as by misuse or inactivity.
𺦣ͨû򲻻𺦻ƻ
To color (something) a strong brown.
ĳͿɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English r?t * see  reudh- 
Դ Ӣ r?t *μ reudh- 
?
rust
adj.ݴʣ
rustable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
rusty
rust.y
AHD:[r?st?] 
D.J.[6rJsti8]
K.K.[6rJsti]
adj.ݴʣ
rust.i.er,rust.i.est 
Covered with rust; corroded.
ģģʴ
Consisting of or produced by rust.
ģƳɵ
Color Of a yellowish-red or brownish-red color.
ɫʡ ƺɫĻɫ
Working or operating stiffly or incorrectly because of or as if because of rust.
ٶ۵ģӲĻȷ
Weakened or impaired by neglect, disuse, or lack of practice.
˥˵ģӡûȱϰĻ˥˵
?
rustily
adv.ʣ
rustiness
n.ʣ

= =
sack
sack 1
AHD:[s2k] 
D.J.[s#k]
K.K.[s#k]
n.Abbr. sk.ʣд sk.
A large bag of strong, coarse material for holding objects in bulk.
ýʵֲڵĲƳɵװɶѵĶĴ
A similar container of paper or plastic.
ֽϴֽƳɵ
The amount that such a container can hold.
һ֮װ
Also sacque A short, loose-fitting garment for women and children.
 Ҳ sacque ɶ£ŮͶͯĶ̶ɵ·
Slang Dismissal from employment:
ٵ ͣ
finally got the sack after a year of ineptitude.
ְعһڱ
Informal A bed, mattress, or sleeping bag.
ʽ ӣ˯
Baseball A base.
 
Football A successful attempt at sacking the quarterback.
 ɹܱķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sacked,sack.ing,sacks 
To place into a sack.
ѡװ
Slang To discharge from employment.See Synonyms at dismiss 
ٵ Ͳμ dismiss
Football To tackle (a quarterback attempting to pass the ball) behind the line of scrimmage.
 ܱķڶߺܱԷڴķ
?
sack out ٵ
To sleep.
˯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sacc 
Դ Ӣ sacc 
from Latin saccus 
Դ  saccus 
from Greek sakkos 
Դ ϣ sakkos 
[of Semitic origin] 
[Դ] 
?
The wordsack  may seem an odd candidate for preserving a few thousand years of history, but this word for an ordinary thing probably goes back to Middle Eastern antiquity.Sack  owes 
its long history to the fact that it and its ancestors denoted an object that was used in trade between peoples. Thus the Greeks got their wordsakkos,  a bag made out of coarse cloth or 
hair, from the Phoenicians with whom they traded. We do not know the Phoenician word,but we know words that are akin to it,such as Hebrewsaq  and Akkadian saqqu.  The Greeks 
then passed the sack, as it were, to the Latin-speaking Romans, who transmitted their wordsaccus,  a large bag or sack, to the Germanic tribes with whom they traded, who gave it 
the form .sakkiz   (other peoples as well have taken this word from Greek or Latin, including speakers of Welsh, Russian, Polish, and Albanian).The speakers of Old English, a Germanic 
language, used two forms of the word,s?c,  from .sakkiz,  and sacc,  directly from Latin; the second Old English form is the ancestor of oursack.  
sack ʾмʷ֣ܺ ָһͨƷſ׷ݵŴжSack ĳʷ鹦ǰָ֮ó׵һ
Ʒ ϣ˴˴õsakkos ʣָôֲëƳɵĴӡ ǲָʲô֪һЩصĴʣϣеSaq 
е Saqqu  ϣְʴ˵У˰ǵĴsaccus ӣó׵ն˲䣬 Sakkiz 
ʽ  Ҳϣеõʣа˵ʿͰǣӢһնԣʵʽԴ
sakkiz  s?c Դ sacc  ڶֹӢʽڵsack ǰ 
?
sack
sack 2
AHD:[s2k] 
D.J.[s#k]
K.K.[s#k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sacked,sack.ing,sacks 
To rob of goods or valuables, especially after capture.
ϴ٣ָ²ƷмֵĶ
n.ʣ
The looting or pillaging of a captured city or town.
ϴ٣ԹݵĳеӶ
Plunder; loot.
ӶսƷ
?
Probably from French (mettre ) sac [(to put in) a sack] 
Դ  (mettre ) sac [룩] 
from Old French sac [sack] 
Դ ŷ sac [] 
from Latin saccus [sack, bag] * see  sack 1
Դ  saccus [] *μ sack1
?
sack
sack 3
AHD:[s2k] 
D.J.[s#k]
K.K.[s#k]
n.ʣ
Any of various light, dry, strong wines from Spain and the Canary Islands, imported to England in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Ѿƣ1617ͲͼȺڵӢķͺܺõĸѾ
?
From French (vin) sec [dry (wine)] 
Դ  (vin) sec [ɣѾƣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin siccus [dry] 
Դ  siccus [ɵ] 

= =
sacred
sa.cred
AHD:[s3kr1d] 
D.J.[6se!kr!d]
K.K.[6sekr!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Dedicated to or set apart for the worship of a deity.
ϵ۵ģ׸ġΪݶг
Worthy of religious veneration:
ܳ羴ģֵڽ̳羴ģ
the sacred teachings of the Buddha.
˳羴Ľ̻
Made or declared holy:
ʥģׯϵġȷΪʥģ
sacred bread and wine.
ʥ;
Dedicated or devoted exclusively to a single use, purpose, or person:
ģרһôĿĻ˵ģ
sacred to the memory of her sister; a private office sacred to the President.
Ϊרõģͳרõ˽˰칫
Worthy of respect; venerable.
Ӧ𾴵ģֵó羴
Of or relating to religious objects, rites, or practices.
ڽʵģڽƷʥʥµĻڽƷʥʥйص
?
Middle English [past participle of] sacren [to consecrate] 
йӢ  [] sacrenĹȥִ [ʹʥ] 
from Old French sacrer 
Դ ŷ sacrer 
from Latin sacr3e 
Դ  sacr3e 
from sacer  sacr- [sacred] * see  sak- 
Դ sacer  sacr- [ʥ] *μ sak- 
?
sacredly
adv.ʣ
sacredness
n.ʣ

= =
sacrifice
sac.ri.fice
AHD:[s2kr-fos] 
D.J.[6s#kr*7fa!s]
K.K.[6s#kr*7fa!s]
n.ʣ
The act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or a person.
׼Ϊ羴񹩷Ϊָɱ˶
A victim offered in this way.
ƷַʽƷ
Forfeiture of something highly valued for the sake of one considered to have a greater value or claim.
ΪĳΪмֵȨ˻ǳĶ
Something so forfeited.
Ʒ
Relinquishment of something at less than its presumed value.
ʧĳԵԤֵö
Something so relinquished.
۵Ʒַʽ
A loss so sustained.
ʴַʽܵĿ
Baseball A sacrifice hit.
 
v.ʣ
sac.ri.ficed,sac.ri.fic.ing,sac.ri.fic.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To offer as a sacrifice to a deity.
ΪƷ׸
To forfeit (one thing) for another thing considered to be of greater value.
׳Ϊ˱Ϊмֵĳ
To sell or give away at a loss.
ۻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or offer a sacrifice.
׼
Baseball To make a sacrifice hit.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sacrificium 
Դ  sacrificium 
sacer [sacred] * see  sacred 
sacer [ʥ] *μ sacred
facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
sacrificer
n.ʣ

= =
sad
sad
AHD:[s2d] 
D.J.[s#d]
K.K.[s#d]
adj.ݴʣ
sad.der,sad.dest 
Affected or characterized by sorrow or unhappiness.
ģܰ˻򲻿ӰĻص
Expressive of sorrow or unhappiness.
ʾģ¶˻򲻿ֵ
Causing sorrow or gloom; depressing:
ɱģ±˻ģ˾ɥģ
a sad movie; sad news.
ӰʹĵϢ
Deplorable; sorry:
ʮģźģ
a sad state of affairs; a sad excuse.
̬źĽ
Dark-hued; somber.
ɫʻҰģ
?
Middle English [weary, sorrowful] 
йӢ [˵ģ] 
from Old English s?d [sated, weary] * see  s3- 
Դ Ӣ s?d [˵ģ˵] *μ s3- 
?
sadly
adv.ʣ
sadness
n.ʣ
?
sad,melancholy,sorrowful,doleful,woebegone,desolate
These adjectives all mean affected with or marked by unhappiness, as that caused by affliction.
ЩݴʶʾܲӰĻġ
 Sad  is the most general: 
 Sad  ͳ 
Better by far you should forget and smile/Than that you should remember and be sad  (Christina Rossetti).
΢ЦҪ/סͱõöࡱ ˹ȡ٣
 Melancholy  can refer to a lingering or habitual state of mind marked by somberness or sadness: 
 Melancholy  ָһֳõĻϰԵľɥͱ˵ľ 
The patient's face, though it was melancholy, brightened at the arrival of the guests.
˵ı鳣˵ģ˵ĵʹ
Sorrowful  applies to mental pain such as that resulting from irreparable loss: 
Sorrowful  ָ޿صʧµʹࣺ 
Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful (Proverbs 14:13).
ڻЦʱȻʹࡱ ԡ1413)
 Doleful  describes what is mournful, morose, or gloomy: 
 Doleful  ֵǱʹġĻ򰵵ģ 
The chastised child looked at her father with a pathetic, doleful expression.
ĺӰء˵ؿĸס
Woebegone  suggests grief or wretchedness, especially as it is reflected in a person's appearance: 
Woebegone  ָȱϵģ˺Ϳգ 
His sorrow . . . made him look . . . haggard and . . . woebegone (George du Maurier).
ıˡʹҡü ΡšĪҮ
 Desolate  applies to one that is sorrowful to the point of being beyond consolation: 
 Desolate  ָ޷οر˵ˣ 
No one is so accursed by fate,/No one so utterly desolate,/But some heart, though unknown,/Responds unto his own (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).
ûעˣ/û˱޷ο/ĳ飬ܲΪ֪/ԼӦ Ȼ˹ʷޣ
?
SAD
SAD
abbr.
 Seasonal affective disorder. 
Seasonal affective disorder.

= =
saddle
sad.dle
AHD:[s2dl] 
D.J.[6s#dl]
K.K.[6s#d1]
n.ʣ
A leather seat for a rider, secured on an animal's back by a girth.Also called  Regional rig 
̶ͨڶıϵΪ׼ƤλҲ  ġ rig
Similar tack used for attaching a pack to an animal.
ߣڰѱϵڶϵװ
The padded part of a driving harness fitting over a horse's back.
ϵϵߵ沿
The seat of a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
гĦгƽͨߵλ
Something shaped like a saddle.
״״Ķ
A cut of meat consisting of part of the backbone and both loins.
ǵ⣺ɲּ׵Ǻɵһ
The lower part of a male fowl's back.
뱳ݵı°벿
A saddle-shaped depression in the ridge of a hill.
ɽɽİ״
A ridge between two peaks.
ɽɽ֮ɽ
v.ʣ
sad.dled,sad.dling,sad.dles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put a saddle onto.
װ
To load or burden; encumber:
װϣʹصۣ
They were saddled with heavy expenses.
Ϊߵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To saddle a horse.
װ
To get into a saddle.

?
in the saddle
In control; dominant.
λģռƵ
?
Middle English sadel 
йӢ sadel 
from Old English sadol * see  sed- 
Դ Ӣ sadol *μ sed- 

= =
safe
safe
AHD:[s3f] 
D.J.[se!f]
K.K.[sef]
adj.ݴʣ
saf.er,saf.est 
Secure from danger, harm, or evil.
ȫģΣա𺦻аŵ
Free from danger or injury; unhurt:
ģûΣյģδ˺ģģ
safe and sound.
ȫõ
Free from risk; sure:
յģûзյģ϶ģ
a safe bet.
ӮĴ
Affording protection:
ṩģ
a safe place.
ȫĵط
Baseball Having reached a base without being put out, as a batter or base runner.
 ȫݵģԱԱȣ˳ݵ
n.ʣ
A metal container usually having a lock, used for storing valuables.
䣺ͨһֽڴżֵߵƷ
A repository for protecting stored items, especially a cooled compartment for perishable foods:
䣺صƷĴŴָ׸ʳƷķָ䣺
a cheese safe.

Slang A condom.
ٵ 
?
Middle English sauf 
йӢ sauf 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin salvus [healthy] * see  sol- 
Դ  salvus [] *μ sol- 
?
safely
adv.ʣ
safeness
n.ʣ

= =
safeguard
safe.guard
AHD:[s3fg?rd] 
D.J.[6se!f7g$8d]
K.K.[6sef7g$rd]
n.ʣ
One that serves as protection or a guard.
ߣ
A mechanical device designed to prevent accidents.
ԤʩΪֹƵĻеװ
A safe-conduct.
ȫ
A protective stipulation, as in a contract.
֤ͬеģ
A precautionary measure.
Ԥʩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
safe.guard.ed,safe.guard.ing,safe.guards 
To ensure the safety of; protect.See Synonyms at defend 
֤İȫμ defend

= =
safety
safe.ty
AHD:[s3ft?] 
D.J.[6se!fti8]
K.K.[6sefti]
n.ʣ
 safe.ties 
The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury.
ȫȫ״̬ûΣաðջ˺
A device designed to prevent accidents, as a lock on a firearm preventing accidental firing.
ȫʩΪֹƵװãΪ߻ڻװı˨
Football 
 
A play in which a member of the offensive team downs the ball, willingly or unwillingly, behind his own goal line, resulting in two points for the defensive team.
ߣӶԱʹԼһʹط
One of two defensive backs; a safetyman.
󷽵ĺطĺ֮һ
Slang A condom.
ٵ 
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
safety precautions; safety rules.
ȫԤʩȫ

= =
sail
sail
AHD:[s3l] 
D.J.[se!l]
K.K.[sel]
n.ʣ
Nautical 
 
A piece of fabric sewn together and fitted to the spars and rigging of a vessel so as to convert the force of the wind into forward motion of the vessel.
һڴԲĺϵһ鲼ʹתΪǰĶ
The sails of a ship or boat.

The superstructure of a submarine.
Ǳˮͧϲṹ
pl. sail or sails  Nautical A sailing vessel.
 sail  sails   
Nautical A trip or voyage in a sailing craft.
 У˷ĺл
Something, such as the blade of a windmill, that resembles a sail in form or function.
״״뷫ƵĶ糵
v.ʣ
sailed,sail.ing,sails 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Nautical 
 
To move across the surface of water, especially by means of a sailing vessel.
Уָ˷ˮʻ
To travel by water in a vessel.
˴
To start out on such a voyage or journey.
ʼֺл
To operate a sailing craft, especially for sport.
ָΪ˶ʻ
To move swiftly, smoothly, or effortlessly:
׳ɹءƽȵػ򲻷н
sailed through the examination.
׾ͨ
v.tr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To navigate or manage (a vessel).
Уʻݣһ
To voyage upon or across:
ɣڡ溽лԽ
sail the Pacific.
̫ƽ
?
sail into
To attack or criticize vigorously.
ʹͻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English segl 
Դ Ӣ segl 

= =
sailor
sail.or
AHD:[s3lr] 
D.J.[6se!l*]
K.K.[6sel+]
n.ʣ
Nautical One who serves in a navy or works on a ship.
 ˮ֣ںۻڴϹ
One who travels by water.
˴ߣͨˮ·е
A low-crowned straw hat with a flat top and flat brim.
ˮñһññ߾ƽĵͶñ

= =
saint
saint
AHD:[s3nt] 
D.J.[se!nt]
K.K.[sent]
n.Abbr. S.,St.ʣд S.,St.
Theology A person officially recognized, especially by canonization, as being entitled to public veneration and capable of interceding for people on earth.
ѧ ʥͽʽϣָ׷ģΪܹϵ˵
A person who has died and gone to heaven.
ѽȥ
Saint A member of any of various religious groups, especially a Latter-Day Saint.
 Saint ͽκڽһԱָʥͽ
An extremely virtuous person.
ʥͽˣΪе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
saint.ed,saint.ing,saints 
To name, recognize, or venerate as a saint; canonize.
ʹʥͽϻ硭Ϊʥͽʽ⡭Ϊʥͽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin s3s 
Դ  s3s 
from Latin [holy] [past participle of] sancore [to consecrate] * see  sak- 
Դ  [ʥ]  [] sancoreĹȥִ [ʹʥ] *μ sak- 

= =
sake
sake 1
AHD:[s3k] 
D.J.[se!k]
K.K.[sek]
n.ʣ
Purpose; motive:
ĿģԵʣ
a quarrel only for the sake of argument.
ΪԵ
Advantage; good:
棻ô
for the sake of his health.
ΪĽ
Personal benefit or interest; welfare:
˵棬Ȥô
for her own sake.
ΪԼĺô
?
Middle English [lawsuit, guilt] 
йӢ [ϣ] 
from Old English sacu * see  s3g- 
Դ Ӣ sacu *μ s3g- 
?
sake
sake 2Ҳ sa.ki
AHD:[s?k?, -k] 
D.J.[6s$8ki8, -ke]
K.K.[6s$ki, -kW]
n.ʣ
A Japanese wine made from fermented rice.
ձƣһɷ͵Ƴɵձ
?
Japanese 
 

= =
salad
sal.ad
AHD:[s2ld] 
D.J.[6s#l*d]
K.K.[6s#l*d]
n.ʣ
A dish consisting of green, leafy raw vegetables, often with radish, cucumber, or tomato, served with a dressing.
ɳɫҶƳɵһˣܲƹϻӵζƷʳ
The course of a meal consisting of this dish.
ɳһ
A cold dish of chopped fruit, meat, fish, eggs, or other food, usually prepared with a dressing, such as mayonnaise.
ʳƷˮ⡢㡢ʳɵˣеϣ絰ƽ
A green vegetable or herb used in salad, especially lettuce.
ɳ߲ˣɳʹõɫ߲˻ʳֲָݫ
A varied mixture:
ӻ⣺ֻ
The Declaration of Independence was . . . a salad of illusions(George Santayana)
ǡĴӻ⡱(Ρɣ)
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
salad plates; salad makings.
ɳӣɳƷ
?
Middle English salade 
йӢ salade 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
possibly from Old Proven?al salada 
Դ ˹ salada 
from Vulgar Latin *sal3a [from feminine past participle of] .sal3re [to salt] 
Դ  *sal3a  [] ԴԷsal3reԹȥִ [] 
from Latin s3l [salt] * see  sal- 
Դ  s3l [] *μ sal- 
?
The wordsalad  may have come to us from Vulgar Latin, the chiefly unrecorded common speech of the ancient Romans, which is distinguished from standard literary, or Classical, 
Latin.The word takes its origin from the fact that salt was and is an important ingredient of salad dressings.Hence the Vulgar Latin verb.sal3,  to salt, from Latin s3,  salt, in the 
past participial form .sal3,  having been salted, came to mean salad. The Vulgar Latin word passed into languages descending from it,such as Portuguese (salada ) and Old 
Proven?al ( salada ). Old French may have borrowed its wordsalade  from Old Proven?al. Medieval Latin also carried on the Vulgar Latin word in the formsal3.   As in the case of so 
many culinary delights, the English borrowed the word and probably the dish from the French.The Middle English wordsalade,  from Old French salade  and Medieval Latin sal3,  is first 
recorded in a recipe book composed before 1399. 
Salad һʿԴ һѧ͹ŵĹƽʹõ޼ԡôԴΪɳϵҪɷ֡˴sal ΡĹ
ȥִʽ Salata ӹεġʹﶯ salare ΡתΪɳһ塣 ɴʴԣ(salada )͹˹( salada ) ŷ
еsalade һʿڹ˹ salata Ҳڸ Ϊ˶ȤӢ˴ӷ˸ôʼˡڹŷ
Salade  sal3a Ӣе salade һʱ1399ǰһ 

= =
salary
sal.a.ry
AHD:[s2l-r?, s2lr?] 
D.J.[6s#l*ri8, 6s#lri8]
K.K.[6s#l*ri, 6s#lri]
n.ʣ
 sal.a.ries 
Fixed compensation for services, paid to a person on a regular basis.
нˮн𣺸һ˵Ĺ̶Ͷ
?
Middle English salarie 
йӢ salarie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin sal3m [money given to Roman soldiers to buy salt] [from neuter of] sal3rius [pertaining to salt] 
Դ  sal3m [ʿεǮ]  [] Դsal3riusԴ [йص] 
from s3l [salt] * see  sal- 
Դ s3l [] *μ sal- 
?
salaried
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sale
sale
AHD:[s3l] 
D.J.[se!l]
K.K.[sel]
n.ʣ
The exchange of goods or services for an amount of money or its equivalent; the act of selling.
ۣΪһĽǮͬȻ
An instance of selling.
Ϊʵ۵Ϊ
An opportunity for selling or being sold; demand.
·Ļ򱻳۵Ļ᣻Ҫ
Availability for purchase:
Ա
a store where pets are for sale.
۳̵
A selling of property to the highest bidder; an auction.
ѻߵˣ
A special disposal of goods at lowered prices:
۴
coats on sale this week.
ܼ۴
sales 
 sales 
Activities involved in selling goods or services.
ۻۻĻ
Gross receipts.
վ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
sale merchandise; sale advertising.
۲Ʒ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sala 
Դ Ӣ sala 
from Old Norse 
Դ ˹ά 

= =
salesman
sales.man
AHD:[s3lzmn] 
D.J.[6se!lzm*n]
K.K.[6selzm*n]
n.ʣ
A man who is employed to sell merchandise in a store or in a designated territory.
ۻԱܹһ̵ָ
?
salesmanship
n.ʣ

= =
salt
salt
AHD:[s?lt] 
D.J.[s%8lt]
K.K.[s%lt]
n.ʣ
A colorless or white crystalline solid, chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively as a food seasoning and preservative.Also called  common salt ,table salt 
Σһɫɫᾧ壬ҪɷȻƣ㷺ʳϺͷҲ  common salt,table salt
A chemical compound formed by replacing all or part of the hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions or electropositive radicals.
ࣺɽӻԭл򲿷ֵӶõĻ
salts Any of various mineral salts used as laxatives or cathartics.
 salts кࣺкҩкҩĸֿ
salts Smelling salts.
 salts 
Often salts Epsom salts.
  salts к
An element that gives flavor or zest.
ȤζԣȤ
Sharp, lively wit.
ǣϬĻ
Informal A sailor, especially when old or experienced.
ʽ ˮ֣ˮָ֣оˮ
A saltcellar.
ƿε
adj.ݴʣ
Containing or filled with salt:
εģεĻװεģ
a salt spray; salt tears.
εε
Having a salty taste or smell:
ζģζζģ
breathed the salt air.
ζĿ
Preserved in salt or a salt solution:
յģλˮģ
salt mackerel.

Flooded with seawater.
ںˮе
Found in or near such a flooded area:
ںģֽˮ丽ģ
salt grasses
ںĲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
salt.ed,salt.ing,salts 
To add, treat, season, or sprinkle with salt.
ΣΣδεζ
To cure or preserve by treating with salt or a salt solution.
գλҺƻ򱣴
To provide salt for (deer or cattle).
ι¹ţ
To add zest or liveliness to:
ΪȤζȤ
salt a lecture with anecdotes.
ʹݽȤ
To give an appearance of value to by fraudulent means, especially to place valuable minerals in (a mine) for the purpose of deceiving.
ʿʯڿɽƭַʹϿмֵָΪƭУؿʯ
?
salt away
To put aside; save.
ã
salt out
To separate (a dissolved substance) by adding salt to the solution.
ͨҺмζܽʣ
?
worth (one's) salt
Efficient and capable.
Чģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sealt * see  sal- 
Դ Ӣ sealt *μ sal- 
?
SALT
SALT
abbr.
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
ս̸

= =
salute
sa.lute
AHD:[s-l?t] 
D.J.[s*6lu8t]
K.K.[s*6lut]
v.ʣ
sa.lut.ed,sa.lut.ing,sa.lutes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To greet or address with an expression of welcome, goodwill, or respect.
⣬ʺʺ򽲻Աʾӭ
To recognize (a superior) with a gesture prescribed by military regulations, as by raising the hand to the cap.
о񣺶ԣϼ涨ʽʾʺñ
To honor formally and ceremoniously.
ʽׯص¾
To express warm approval of; commend:
ʾԡϿɣޣ
salute an organization for its humanitarian work.
ĳ֯˵幤
To become noticeable to:
룺ڡ֮ǰ
A foul smell saluted our nostrils.
һŵζ˱Ƕ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a gesture of greeting or respect.
ʾʺ𾴵ʽ
n.ʣ
An act of greeting; a salutation.
ʺ¾
An act or a gesture of welcome, honor, or courteous recognition:
¾ʾӭ𾴻òϿɵΪʽ
a musical salute to the composer's 90th birthday.
Ϊ90ٳ¾ֻ
The position of the hand or rifle or the bodily posture of a person saluting a military superior.
񣬾ǹ񣺰ֻǹһλãһ³¾嶯
A formal military display of honor or greeting, such as the firing of cannon.
Ծ¾ʾ𾴻ʺʽ¾
?
Middle English saluten 
йӢ saluten 
from Latin sal?3re} 
Դ  sal?3re} 
from sal?s  sal?t- [health] * see  sol- 
Դ sal?s  sal?t- [] *μ sol- 
?
saluter
n.ʣ

= =
same
same
AHD:[s3m] 
D.J.[se!m]
K.K.[sem]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the very one; identical:
ͬģͬһģͬģ
the same boat we rented before.
ǰһ
Similar in kind, quality, quantity, or degree.
ֵͬģࡢȼƵ
Conforming in every detail:
ȫһµģÿһϸ϶һµģ
according to the same rules as before.
ǰĹ
Being the one previously mentioned or indicated; aforesaid.
ǰģǰᵽĻ˵ģ
adv.ʣ
In the same way.
ͬ
pron.ʣ
Someone or something identical with another.
ͬһˣͬһһ˻
Someone or something previously mentioned or described.
ǰᵽ˻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse samr * see  sem- 1
Դ ˹ά samr *μ sem- 1
?
same,identical,selfsame,very
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not different in identity or nature from another or others: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡصһ򼸸ûвͬġ 
wore the same dress twice;
δͬһ·
gave identical answers;
ͬĴ𰸣
saw the selfsame quotation in two newspapers;
űֽϿȫһã
the very person who should have warned us. different 
ǸӦǵ different
?
The expressionssame  and the same  are sometimes used in place of pronouns such as it  or one,   as inWhen you have filled out the form, please remit same to this office.   As this 
example suggests, the usage is associated chiefly with commercial and legal language,and some critics have suggested that it should be reserved for such contexts.But though the 
usage often does sound stilted,it occurs with some frequency in informal writing, particularly in the phraselack of same,  as inIt is a question of money, or lack of same.   And blind 
conformity to the critical injunction would have deprived us of the famously laconic radio message sent by a U.S. Navy officer during World War II: 
Same  the same ﷨ʱ it  one  When you have filled out the formplease remit same to the officeύ칫ң  
ʾģ÷ҪҵͷЩۼΪӦ÷ڴˡ÷̫ȻʱҲڷʽУر
ڶlack of the same У It's a question of moneyor lack of same  ңäĿۼҵĽǽսڼԼƵ
ٵߵ 
Sighted sub, sank same. 
׼ǱͧǱͧ 

= =
sample
sam.ple
AHD:[s2mpl] 
D.J.[6s#mp*l]
K.K.[6s#mp*l]
n.ʣ
A portion, piece, or segment that is representative of a whole.
Ʒһ֣һƬһ
An entity that is representative of a class; a specimen.See Synonyms at example 
ʵһӣμ example
Statistics A set of elements drawn from and analyzed to estimate the characteristics of a population.Also called  In this sense, also called sampling 
ͳѧ Ʒȫ˿ȡĲӹһЩҲ  ڴҲɳ sampling
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sam.pled,sam.pling,sam.ples 
To take a sample of, especially to test or examine by a sample:
ȡƷָƷ飺
the restaurant critic who must sample a little of everything.
͹ƷԱÿһ
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as a representative or an example:
Ϊģ
sample test questions; a sample piece of fabric.
ⷶһƬ֯
?
Partly Middle English  from Anglo-Norman 
Ϊ йӢ  Դ Ӣ 
and partly short for Middle English ensample  from Anglo-Norman 
 йӢ ensampleĲּд  Դ Ӣ 
both from Latin exemplum * see  example 
Դ  exemplum *μ example

= =
sanction
sanc.tion
AHD:[s2ngkshn] 
D.J.[6s#0k.*n]
K.K.[6s#0k.*n]
n.ʣ
Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid.See Synonyms at permission 
׼ϿɣʹĳΪЧĹٷ׼ϲμ permission
Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.
֧֣ۻϰ׸ֻ֧
A consideration, an influence, or a principle that dictates an ethical choice.
ԼӰѡĿǡӰԭ
A law or decree.
ɻ
The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.
ƲãɻĹ涨ĶԲ涨Ĵ
A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity.
Ʋãȷ˳ӻһµĴĹ涨ԾѹƵʽ
A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.
ƲãָͨһΥʷΪĺƲôʩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sanc.tioned,sanc.tion.ing,sanc.tions 
To give official authorization or approval to:
׼ٷȨ׼
The president, we are told, has sanctioned greed at the cost of compassion(David Rankin)
˵³ʾ̰Ϊ롱(ά)
To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval.See Synonyms at approve 
̣Ըɵķʽֻ֧̲μ approve
?
Middle English [enactment of a law] 
йӢ [ִ] 
from Old French [ecclesiastical decree] 
Դ ŷ [̻] 
from Latin s3?}  s3ncti?n- [binding law, penal sanction] 
Դ  s3?}  s3ncti?n- [ԼķƲ׼] 
from s3s [holy] * see  sanctify 
Դ s3s [ʥ] *μ sanctify

= =
sand
sand
AHD:[s2nd] 
D.J.[s#nd]
K.K.[s#nd]
n.ʣ
Small, loose grains of worn or disintegrated rock.
ɳСġɢѵʯ
Geology A sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter.
ѧ ɳһֱʯҪСȷɰֲڵĳֱ0.062.0֮
Often sands A tract of land covered with sand, as a beach or desert.
  sands ɳɳǵĵش纣̲ɳĮ
The loose, granular, gritty particles in an hourglass.
ɰɰ©еɵġ΢Сġ״Ŀ
sands Moments of allotted time or duration:
 sands ʱ̣ɲǼһʱ䣺
The sands are numb'red that makes up my life(Shakespeare)
οҵ(ɯʿ)
Slang Courage; stamina; perseverance:
ٵ 
She had more sand in her than any girl I ever see; in my opinion she was just full of sand(Mark Twain)
κŮҿ㡱(ˡ)
Color A light grayish brown to yellowish gray.
ɫʡ ɫӵػɫƻɫɫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sand.ed,sand.ing,sands 
To sprinkle or cover with or as if with sand.
ɳûɳ򸲸
To polish or scrape with sand or sandpaper.
ĥɰɳӻɰֽĦ
To mix with sand.
ɳӻ
To fill up (a harbor) with sand.
ɳʹۣɳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
Sand
Sand
AHD:[s2nd, s?d] George  Pen name of Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin, Baroness Dudevant.(1804-1876) 
D.J.[s#nd, s$80d]
K.K.[s#nd, s$0d]
NONE޴ԣ
French writer whose novels, plays, and essays concern the freedom and independence of women. Among her works are the novelsLlia  (1833) and Consuelo  (1842). 
ɣ£Σ(1804-1876) ңС˵ϷԸŮΪ⡣ƷС˵ǡ 1833꣩ ذ塷 1842꣩ 

= =
sandwich
sand.wich
AHD:[s2ndw1ch, s2n-] 
D.J.[6s#ndw!t., 6s#n-]
K.K.[6s#ndw!t., 6s#n-]
n.ʣ
Two or more slices of bread with a filling such as meat or cheese placed between them.
ΣƬƬʳҵ
A partly split long or round roll containing a filling.
ڲڵĳλԲ
One slice of bread covered with a filling.
һƬڵ
Something resembling a sandwich.
֮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sand.wiched,sand.wich.ing,sand.wich.es 
To make into or as if into a sandwich.

To insert (one thing) tightly between two other things of differing character or quality.
룺ѣһ壩ؼͬʻƷʵм
To make room or time for:
ʱյأ
sandwiched a trip to the store between the hours of one and three.
һʱﰲʱȥ̵
?
After John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich  (1718-1792), British politician 
ԴԼţ ɣ ĵȲ1718-1792꣩Ӣμ 
?
Sandwich
Sand.wich
AHD:[s2ndw1ch, s2n-] 
D.J.[6s#nd7w!t., 6s#n-]
K.K.[6s#nd7w!t., 6s#n-]
NONE޴ԣ
A municipal borough of southeast England north of Dover. One of the original Cinque Ports, it is now a resort and market center. Population, 4,227.
ɣΣӢϲһУλڵ𱱲ԭ֮һΪһȼʤغóġ˿4,227

= =
sandy
sand.y
AHD:[s2nd?] 
D.J.[6s#ndi8]
K.K.[6s#ndi]
adj.ݴʣ
sand.i.er,sand.i.est 
Covered with, full of, or consisting of sand.
ɳģɳǵġװɳĻɳɵ
Having characteristics similar to sand.
ɳʵģɳƵʵ
Color Of the color of sand; light yellowish brown.
ɫʡ ɳɫģɫ
?
sandiness
n.ʣ
?
Sandy
Sandy  Sand.y City
AHD:[s2nd?] 
D.J.[6s#ndi8]
K.K.[6s#ndi]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of north-central Utah, a manufacturing suburb of Salt Lake City. Population, 75,058.
ɣϳǣбһУκǵ칤ҵ˿75,058

= =
satellite
sat.el.lite
AHD:[s2tl-ot] 
D.J.[6s#tl7a!t]
K.K.[6s#t17a!t]
n.ʣ
Astronomy A celestial body that orbits a planet; a moon.
ѧ ǣһת壻
Aerospace An object launched to orbit Earth or another celestial body.
̫ѧ ǣ䵽е
One who attends a powerful dignitary; a minion.
ʹӣ̺߹Ȩˣū
A subservient follower; a sycophant.
ӣѱĸߣ
A nation dominated politically and economically by another nation.
һξΪһƵĹ
An urban or suburban community located near a big city.
ٽеĳ
Genetics A short segment of a chromosome separated from the rest by a constriction, typically associated with the formation of a nucleolus.
Ŵѧ 壺Ⱦɫ屾һζ̵Ĳ֣ϸγΪ
Microbiology A colony of microorganisms whose growth in culture medium is enhanced by certain substances produced by another colony in its proximity.
΢ѧ ϸһ΢ȺУ΢еڽһڳĳЩʶõǿ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
֮һʣ
satellite telecommunications; satellite countries in the Eastern Bloc.
ͨѶŷӪǹ
?
French [hanger-on, hireling] 
 [ߣ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin satelles  satellit- 
Դ  satelles  satellit- 

= =
satisfaction
sat.is.fac.tion
AHD:[s2t1s-f2kshn] 
D.J.[7s#t!s6f#k.*n]
K.K.[7s#t!s6f#k.*n]
n.ʣ
The fulfillment or gratification of a desire, a need, or an appetite.
㣺Ҫʳʵֻ
Pleasure or contentment derived from such gratification.
£Ŀֻ
A source or means of gratification.
ʹԭֶ
Compensation for injury or loss; reparation.
ܵ˺ʧõĲ޸
The opportunity to avenge a wrong; vindication.
Ļ᣻ѩ
Assurance beyond doubt or question; complete conviction.
ȷţʵȷţȫȷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin satisfacti?}  satisfacti?n- [amends] 
Դ  satisfacti?}  satisfacti?n- [] 
from satisfactus [past participle of] satisfacere [to satisfy] * see  satisfy 
Դ satisfactus  [] satisfacereĹȥִ [ʹ] *μ satisfy

= =
satisfactory
sat.is.fac.to.ry
AHD:[s2t1s-f2kt-r?] 
D.J.[7s#t!s6f#kt*ri8]
K.K.[7s#t!s6f#kt*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
Giving satisfaction sufficient to meet a demand or requirement; adequate.
ģʹҪȵõģ
?
satisfactorily
adv.ʣ
satisfactoriness
n.ʣ

= =
satisfy
sat.is.fy
AHD:[s2t1s-fo] 
D.J.[6s#t!s7fa!]
K.K.[6s#t!s7fa!]
v.ʣ
sat.is.fied,sat.is.fy.ing,sat.is.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To gratify the need, desire, or expectation of.
ʹ⣺㡭Ҫ
To fulfill (a need or desire).
㣺㣨Ҫ
To free from doubt or question; assure.
ʹȷţʹ⻳ɻʣʹȷ
To get rid of (a doubt or question); dispel.
ǻʣɢ
To discharge (a debt or an obligation, for example) in full.
峥װѣծ
To discharge an obligation to (a creditor).
УծȨˣ
To conform to the requirements of (a standard or rule); be sufficient to (an end).
Ҫ󣺴ﵽ׼򣩵ҪԴﵽĿ꣩
To make reparation for; redress.
Ϊв⳥
Mathematics To make the left and right sides of an equation equal after substituting equivalent quantities for the unknown variables in the equation.
ѧ ʽߣ㡭ڵʽõδ֪ʹʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be sufficient or adequate.
ʹ㹻
To give satisfaction.
ʹ
?
Middle English satisfien 
йӢ satisfien 
from Old French satisfier 
Դ ŷ satisfier 
from Latin satisfacere 
Դ  satisfacere 
satis [sufficient] * see  s3- 
satis [㹻] *μ s3- 
facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
facere [ʹ] *μ dh?- 
?
satisfier
n.ʣ
satisfyingly
adv.ʣ
?
satisfy,answer,fill,fulfill,meet
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to supply fully or completely: 
Щʹе˼Ϊֻṩ 
satisfied all requirements;
Ҫ
answered our needs;
ǵҪ
filling a purpose;
ﵽһĿģ
fulfilled their aspirations;
ǵ
meeting her obligations. 
 

= =
saturate
sat.u.rate
AHD:[s2ch-r3t] 
D.J.[6s#t.*7re!t]
K.K.[6s#t.*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sat.u.rat.ed,sat.u.rat.ing,sat.u.rates д sat.
To imbue or impregnate thoroughly:
ʹʹȫ
The recollection was saturated with sunshine(Vladimir Nabokov)See Synonyms at charge 
г⡱(׶ɲƷ)μ charge
To soak, fill, or load to capacity.
͸ʹ͸װ
Chemistry To cause (a substance) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance.
ѧ ʹͣʹһһʻ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-r1t] 
Saturated.
͸
?
Latin satur3e  satur3t- [to fill] 
 satur3e  satur3t- [ʹ] 
from satur [sated] * see  s3- 
Դ satur [] *μ s3- 
?
saturable
AHD:[s2chr--bl] ݴʣ
saturator
n.ʣ

= =
sauce
sauce
AHD:[s?s] 
D.J.[s%8s]
K.K.[s%s]
n.ʣ
A flavorful seasoning or relish served as an accompaniment to food, especially a liquid dressing or topping for food.
ζ֭ڸʳĵζ֭ϣָ֭״ϻζƷ
Stewed fruit, usually served with other foods.
ˮͨʳһ
Something that adds zest, flavor, or piquancy.
Ʒ..Ȥζζ̼Ķ
Informal Impudent speech or behavior; impertinence or sauciness.
ʽ çײĻٶ³
Slang Alcoholic liquor.
ٵ Ҿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sauced,sauc.ing,sauc.es 
To season or flavor with sauce.
ζɳ˾ڡ
To add piquancy or zest to.
Ȥζζ
Informal To be impertinent or impudent to.
ʽ ԡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *salsa 
Դ  *salsa 
from Latin [feminine of] salsus [past participle of] sallere [to salt] * see  sal- 
Դ   [] salsusԴ  [] sallereĹȥִ [] *μ sal- 

= =
saucer
sau.cer
AHD:[s?sr] 
D.J.[6s%8s*]
K.K.[6s%s+]
n.ʣ
A small shallow dish having a slight circular depression in the center for holding a cup.
УһڷŲ豭Сǳӣмлεϸ
An object similar in shape to a saucer.
״
?
Middle English [sauce dish] 
йӢ [ɳ˾] 
from Old French saussier 
Դ ŷ saussier 
from sauce [sauce] * see  sauce 
Դ sauce [ζ֭] *μ sauce

= =
sausage
sau.sage
AHD:[s?s1j] 
D.J.[6s%8s!d9]
K.K.[6s%s!d9]
n.ʣ
Finely chopped and seasoned meat, especially pork, usually stuffed into a prepared animal intestine or other casing and cooked or cured.
㳦еúϸеϵ⣬ָ⣬ͨ뱸õĶﳦлУٽƻӹ
?
Middle English sausige 
йӢ sausige 
from Anglo-Norman sausiche 
Դ Ӣ sausiche 
from Vulgar Latin *salsoa 
Դ  *salsoa 
from Late Latin [neuter pl. of] salsocius [prepared by salting] 
Դ   [] salsociusԸ [ñ] 
from salsus [salted] * see  sauce 
Դ salsus [Ƶ] *μ sauce

= =
savage
sav.age
AHD:[s2v1j] 
D.J.[6s#v!d9]
K.K.[6s#v!d9]
adj.ݴʣ
Not domesticated or cultivated; wild:
ҰģδѱģҰģ
savage beasts of the jungle.
Ұ
Not civilized; barbaric:
ԭʼģδģҰģ
a savage people.
һȺҰ
Ferocious; fierce:
бģŭģ͵ģ
in a savage temper.
ױƢ
Vicious or merciless; brutal:
ģݺݵĻģֱģ
a savage attack on a political rival.See Synonyms at cruel 
عвμ cruel
Lacking polish or manners; rude.
ģٽĻòģ³
n.ʣ
A person regarded as primitive or uncivilized.
ҰˣΪԭʼδ
A person regarded as brutal, fierce, or vicious.
׶֮ˣΪ׶񡢲ба
A rude person; a boor.
ˣ³ˣҰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sav.aged,sav.ag.ing,sav.ag.es 
To assault ferociously.
͵ع
To attack without restraint or pity:
ֱ
The critics savaged the new play.
ۼҼⲿϷ
?
Middle English sauvage 
йӢ sauvage 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin salv3s 
Դ  salv3s 
from Latin silv3s [of the woods, wild] 
Դ  silv3s [ֵģҰ] 
from silva [forest] 
Դ silva [ɭ] 
?
savagely
adv.ʣ
savageness
n.ʣ
?
Savage
Sav.age
AHD:[s2v1j] Michael Joseph (1872-1940) 
D.J.[6s#v!d9]
K.K.[6s#v!d9]
NONE޴ԣ
Australian-born New Zealand labor leader and politician who served as prime minister from 1935 to 1940.
ά棬˶Լɪ(1872-1940) Ĵμң1935-1940
?
Savage
SavageRichard (1697?-1743)
NONE޴ԣ
British poet who is best known as the subject of Samuel Johnson's short biographyAccount of the Life of Mr. Richard Savage  (1744). 
ά棬£(1697?-1743) ӢʫˣԳΪѶԼѷĶƪǡ¡άǡ 1744꣩ǶΪ֪ 

= =
save
save 1
AHD:[s3v] 
D.J.[se!v]
K.K.[sev]
v.ʣ
saved,sav.ing,saves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rescue from harm, danger, or loss.
ʹ˺Σջʧ
To set free from the consequences of sin; redeem.
ȣĺ
To keep in a safe condition; safeguard.
һȫ״̬У
To prevent the waste or loss of; conserve.
ʡֹ˷ѻʧ
To set aside for future use; store.
Ա֮ã
To treat with care by avoiding fatigue, wear, or damage; spare:
ƣͣĥˣΪֹƣ͡ĥ𻵶ϣʡ
save one's eyesight.

To make unnecessary; obviate:
ʡʹҪųϰ
Your taking the trunk to the attic has saved me an extra trip.
Ǹൽ¥ȥʡٶһ
Sports To prevent (a goal, score, or win by an opponent).
˶ ֵ÷ֹ֣С÷ֻӮ
Baseball To preserve (another pitcher's win) by protecting one's team's lead during a stint of relief pitching.
 ڶݺԮͶڼΪֱӵȵλһͶֵʤ
Computer Science To copy (a file) from a computer's main memory to a disk or other storage medium so that it can be used again.
ѧ 浵Ӽڴнļ̻Ա
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To avoid waste or expense; economize.
ʡ˷ѻԼ
To accumulate money:
Ǯ
saving for a vacation.
ΪǮ
To preserve a person or thing from harm or loss.
ȣĳ˻ܵ˺ʧ
n.ʣ
Sports An act that prevents an opponent from scoring.
˶ öԷ÷ֹ֣Է÷ֵΪ
Baseball A preservation by a relief pitcher of another pitcher's win.
 ԮͨԮͶһͶֵʤ
?
save (one's) breath
To refrain from a futile appeal or effort:
ذ׷ѾʡȥõŬ
Save your breath; you can't dissuade them.
׷ѾˣȰ費ǵ
?
Middle English saven 
йӢ saven 
from Old French sauver 
Դ ŷ sauver 
from Late Latin salv3e 
Դ  salv3e 
from Latin salvus [safe] * see  sol- 
Դ  salvus [ȫ] *μ sol- 
?
savable  
saveable
adj.ݴʣ
saver
n.ʣ
?
save,rescue,reclaim,redeem,deliver
These verbs are compared in the sense of freeing a person or thing from danger, evil, confinement, or servitude.
ЩΪʹ˻ΣաаūۣȽ
 Save,   the most general, applies to an act of keeping safe or preserving from danger, harm, or the consequences of evil: 
 Save  һָ֤ȫֹΣա˺Ϊ 
The smallpox vaccine has saved many lives.
컨˵
A police officer saved the tourist from being cheated.
һλʹƭ
Rescue  usually implies saving from immediate harm or danger by direct action: 
Rescue  ָͨȡֱӵжڼ̷˺Σգ 
rescue a rare manuscript from a fire;
Ӵ䱾
rescued sailors from a torpedoed ship.
ӱĴȳԱ
Reclaim,  applied to people,means to bring back,as from error to virtue or to right or proper conduct;it can also mean to return a thing to usefulness or productivity: 
Reclaim  ˣ˼ǸĹ»ΪĸĹҲָĳתΪõĻ 
To reclaim me from this course of life was the sole cause of his journey to London (Henry Fielding). 
׶֮еҪĿʹҸĹ¡ Ѷ 
The foundations of the capital were gradually reclaimed from the watery element (William Hickling Prescott).Toredeem  is to free someone from captivity or the consequences of sin 
or error or to save something from pawn or from deterioration or destruction;the term can imply the expenditure of money or effort: 
׶ĵػ𽥴Ӻˮ¶ ϣ֡˹أRedeem ǽĳ˴ӹѺнų ĳӵ̻仵״ͻ״̬
ȻôҲָѽǮŬ 
The price exacted by the hijackers for redeeming the hostages was extortionate.
ٳΪʶҪĴ̫ˡ
He redeemed his ring from the pawnbroker.
ӵĽָ
Deliver  in this comparison applies to liberating people from something such as misery, peril, error, or evil: 
Deliver  ڴ˱Ƚָʹ˴ӱˡΣաанѳ 
consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them (George Washington).
޷ѵĿ״̬֮С Ρʢ٣
?
save
save 2
AHD:[s3v] 
D.J.[se!v]
K.K.[sev]
prep.ʣ
With the exception of; except:
֮⣻ˣ
No man enjoys self-reproach save a masochist(Philip Wylie)
Űûϲ(ա)
conj.Ӵʣ
Were it not; except:
ǣˣ
The house would be finished by now, save that we had difficulty contracting a roofer.
Ҫݶ˲ң͸Ǻ
Unless.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French sauf 
Դ ŷ sauf 
from Latin salv?} [ablative sing. of] salvus [safe] * see  sol- 
Դ  salv?}  [] salvusĶ [ȫ] *μ sol- 

= =
saving
sav.ing
AHD:[s3v1ng] 
D.J.[6se!v!0]
K.K.[6sev!0]
n.ʣ
Rescue from harm, danger, or loss.
˺Σջʧнȳ
Avoidance of excess expenditure; economy.
ԼֻԼ
A reduction in expenditure or cost.
ʡɱ
Something saved.
ʡµĶ
savings Abbr. svgs.Money saved:
 savings д svgs.
a bank account for savings.
дʻ
Law An exception or reservation.
ɡ ⣺
prep.ʣ
With the exception of.

conj.Ӵʣ
Except; save.
ˣȥ
?
There is a widespread tendency to use the formsavings  as a singular, as reflected in compounds such assavings account  and savings bond  ( note by contrast that one would not form 
compounds likeinvestments account,  using an unambiguous plural). But the phrasea savings,  though increasingly common, remains unacceptable to 57 percent of the Usage Panel;a 
saving  is the only uncontroversial form. 
нsavings Ϊʹõռƣ 縴ϴsavings accountʻ  savings bondծȯ ( ע⵽Ƚ֮£òģɵĸʽǲ
investments account ĸϴʵģ Ƕa savings Ȼʹõս㷺 ÷С57%ĳԱԲܽܣa saving ǲ۵Ψһʽ 

= =
saw
saw 1
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s%8]
K.K.[s%]
n.ʣ
Any of various tools, either hand-operated or power-driven, having a thin metal blade or disk with a sharp, usually toothed edge, used for cutting wood, metal, or other hard materials.
⣺һֶĹблԲ̣ͨǷݱԵиľġӲ
v.ʣ
sawed,sawed  sawn [s?n] saw.ing,saws 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut or divide with a saw.
⣺þиָ
To produce or shape with a saw:
ɣþӾɡ״
sawed a hole in the board.
ڰϾ
To make back-and-forth motions through or on:
⣺ڡϻ򴩹˶
a speaker who saws the air with his arms.
ݽߵֱڲϵػӶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use a saw:
þ⣺
sawing along a penciled guideline.
Ǧʻ߾
To undergo cutting with a saw:
⣺þӽи
Pine wood saws easily.
ľ׾⿪
?
Middle English sawe 
йӢ sawe 
from Old English sagu * see  sek- 
Դ Ӣ sagu *μ sek- 
?
sawer
n.ʣ
?
saw
saw 2
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s%8]
K.K.[s%]
n.ʣ
A familiar saying, especially one that has become trite through repetition.See Synonyms at saying 
ϤĸԣָظΪ´ĵμ saying
?
Middle English sawe 
йӢ sawe 
from Old English sagu [speech] * see  sek w- 3
Դ Ӣ sagu [] *μ sek w- 3
?
saw
saw 3
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s%8]
K.K.[s%]
v.ʣ
Past tense of see 1
 seeĹȥʽ1

= =
say
say
AHD:[s3] 
D.J.[se!]
K.K.[se]
v.ʣ
said[sd] say.ing,says[sz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter aloud; pronounce:
˵棺
The children said, Good morning.
˵Ϻá
To express in words:

Say what's on your mind.
˵˵ʲô
To state as one's opinion or judgment; declare:
ƣΪĳ˵ж϶ƣ
I say let's eat out.
ȥò
To state as a determination of fact:
жΪȷʵ
It's hard to say who is right in this matter.
˵˭˭
To repeat or recite:
ظУ
said grace.

To report or maintain; allege.
ţ֣
To indicate; show:
ָʾʾ
The clock says half past two.
ʱ
To give nonverbal expression to; signify or embody:
÷Էʽ֣
It was an act that said devotion.
ǸΪϵ
To suppose; assume:
룻ٶ
Let's say that you're right.
ǼǶԵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a statement; express oneself:
ԼһԼ
The story must be true because the teacher said so.
һģΪʦô˵
n.ʣ
A turn or chance to speak:
ԵĴ򣬷Ȩ
Having had my say, I sat down.
Ҿ
The right or power to influence or make a decision:
ȨӰȨȨ
Citizens have a say in the councils of government. All I want is some say in the matter.
зȨֻЩȨ
Archaic Something said; a statement.
 ˵飻
adv.ʣ
Approximately:
Լ
There were, say, 500 people present.
Լ500˳ϯ
For instance:
磺
a woodwind, say an oboe.
ľ˵˫ɹ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise or appeal for someone's attention.
̾ʣڱʾȻĳ˵ע
?
I say
Used preceding an utterance to call attention to it:
ڷ֮ǰע⣺
I say, do you have the time?
˵ʱ?
Used as an exclamation of surprise, delight, or dismay.
ʾȡ˻ɥľ̾
that is to say
In other words.
仰˵
to say nothing of
And there is no need to mention. Used to allude to things that fill out an idea or argument:
˵ûҪἰָ֤ĳ뷨ȷ飺
The yard is a mess, to say nothing of the house.
ԺѾһ㣬˵
you can say that againٵ
Used to express strong agreement with what has just been said.
ûʾȫͬǰ˵Ļ
?
Middle English seien 
йӢ seien 
from Old English secgan * see  sek w- 3
Դ Ӣ secgan *μ sek w- 3
?
sayer
n.ʣ
?
Say
Say
AHD:[s3] Thomas (1787-1834) 
D.J.[se!]
K.K.[se]
NONE޴ԣ
American entomologist who wrote the three-volume pioneering studyAmerican Entomology  (1824-1828). 
˹(1787-1834) ѧңпѧ 1824-1828꣩ 

= =
scale
scale 1
AHD:[sk3l] 
D.J.[ske!l]
K.K.[skel]
n.ʣ
One of the many small, platelike dermal or epidermal structures that characteristically form the external covering of fishes, reptiles, and certain mammals.
ۣһָ㡢жĳЩ鶯ĵ͵С״Ƥṹ
A similar part, such as one of the minute structures overlapping to form the covering on the wings of butterflies and moths.
״һƲλ縲ںӳγɸ΢ṹ
Pathology A dry, thin flake of epidermis shed from the skin.
ѧ мƤĸɱƤƬ
A small, thin piece.
СƬ
Botany A small, thin, usually dry, often appressed plant structure, such as any of the protective leaves that cover a tree bud or the bract that subtends a flower in a sedge spikelet.
ֲѧ ۰һСģͨǸɵĽֲṹһָıҶƬɯֲСаסİƬ
A scale insect.
ǳ
A plant disease or infestation caused by scale insects.
ǳ溦ɽǳֲＲȾ
A flaky oxide film formed on a metal, as on iron, that has been heated to high temperatures.
㣺¼ɵƬ״
A flake of rust.
⼣
A hard mineral coating that forms on the inside surface of boilers, kettles, and other containers in which water is repeatedly heated.
ڹʢˮоȺڱγɵӲʲ
v.ʣ
scaled,scal.ing,scales 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clear or strip of scale or scales:
ȥƬ
Scale and clean the fish.
ϴ
To remove in layers or scales:
ȥɲ㣺ȥ㣺
scaled off the old paint.
ȥ
To cover with scales; encrust.
Ƥ۸ǣʹӲ
To throw (a thin, flat object) so that it soars through the air or skips along the surface of water.
ˮƯƽ壩ʹڿи߷ɻˮԾ
Dentistry To remove (tartar) from tooth surfaces with a pointed instrument.
ѧ ô⹤߳ȥݱģ۹
Australian 
Ĵǡ 
To cheat; swindle.
ƭƭ
To ride on (a tram or train, for example) without paying the fare.
㳵Ǯˣ糵𳵣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come off in scales or layers; flake.
䣺Ƭ״䣻
To become encrusted.
ˮɸƤ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French escale 
Դ ŷ escale 
[of Germanic origin] * see  skel- 1
[Դն] *μ skel- 1
?
scalelike
adj.ݴʣ
?
scale
scale 2
AHD:[sk3l] 
D.J.[ske!l]
K.K.[skel]
n.Abbr. sc.ʣд sc.
A system of ordered marks at fixed intervals used as a reference standard in measurement:
̶ȣһ׼й̶ķϵͳ
a ruler with scales in inches and centimeters.
һѱӢ׿̶ȵĳ
An instrument or device bearing such marks.
̶ȳߣֱǵĹ߻װ
A standard of measurement or judgment; a criterion.
׼жϵı˭׼
A proportion used in determining the dimensional relationship of a representation to that which it represents:
涨һʵ֮ߴϵı
a world map with a scale of 1:4,560,000.
һΪ1:4,560,000ͼ
A calibrated line, as on a map or an architectural plan, indicating such a proportion.
ߣڵͼϱʾֱıп̶ȵ߶
Proper proportion:
ʵı
a house that seemed out of scale with its surroundings.
Χ²Ƶķ
A progressive classification, as of size, amount, importance, or rank:
ȼļߴ硢ҪԻ׵ĵȼ
judging divers' performances on a scale of 1 to 10; a family that ranks high on the social scale.
110ֵȼжˮߵıݣλߵļ
A relative level or degree:
ģԵˮƽ̶ȣ
entertained on a lavish scale.
ݳ޵һ
A minimum wage fixed by contract:
нʣͬ涨нˮ
musicians playing a benefit concert for scale.
õͳͲֻּ
Mathematics A system of notation in which the values of numerical expressions are determined by their places relative to the chosen base of the system:
ѧ λƣһֵּѡλƵλ
the decimal scale.
ʮλ
Music An ascending or descending series of tones proceeding by a specified scheme of intervals and varying in pitch arrangement and interval size.
֡ ׵һɡ߱仯ͼСγɵ
v.ʣ
scaled,scal.ing,scales 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To climb up or over; ascend:
ʵǣϻԽʵǣ
scaled the peak.
϶
To make in accord with a particular proportion or scale:
߻ƣ
Scale the model to be one tenth of actual size.
ʵʳߴʮ֮һģ
To alter according to a standard or by degrees; adjust in calculated amounts:
ձ׼ı䣻
scaled down their demands to fit reality; scaled back the scheduled pay increase.
ԷʵջԭԤнľ
To estimate or measure the quantity of lumber in (logs or uncut trees).
ƣԣԭľδ֮ƻľĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To climb; ascend.

To rise in steps or stages.
״׶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin sc3e [ladder] * see  skand- 
Դ  sc3e [] *μ skand- 
?
scalable
adj.ݴʣ
?
scale
scale 3
AHD:[sk3l] 
D.J.[ske!l]
K.K.[skel]
n.ʣ
An instrument or a machine for weighing. Often used in the plural.
ƣһĹ߻е
Either of the pans, trays, or dishes of a balance.
̣ƽĳ̡̻
v.ʣ
scaled,scal.ing,scales 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To weigh with scales.
óӳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a given weight, as determined by a scale:
أУɣ
cargo that scales 14 metric tons.
14ֵĻ
?
Middle English [bowl, balance] 
йӢ [룬ƽ] 
from Old Norse sk3l * see  skel- 1
Դ ˹ά sk3l *μ skel- 1

= =
scan
scan
AHD:[sk2n] 
D.J.[sk#n]
K.K.[sk#n]
v.ʣ
scanned,scan.ning,scans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To examine closely.
ϸ죺ϸز鿴
To look over quickly and systematically:
ɨӣٶԵ
scanning the horizon for signs of land.
ɨӺӴǷ½صļ
To look over or leaf through hastily:
æĶ򷭹
scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast.
緹ʱϵıֽ
To analyze (verse) into metrical patterns.
Ͻţʫ
Electronics 
ѧ 
To move a finely focused beam of light or electrons in a systematic pattern over (a surface) in order to reproduce or sense and subsequently transmit an image.
ɨ裺ϵͳķʽƶ߶ȼеĹʹ֮ӹһ棩Ŀֻ֪ﵽͼ
To move a radar beam in a systematic pattern over (a sector of sky) in search of a target.
⣺ϵͳķʽƶ״ﲨɨһգԲĿ
Computer Science To search (stored data) automatically for specific data.
ѧ ɨ裺ӣ洢УԶָ
Medicine To examine (a body or a body part) with a CAT scanner or similar scanning apparatus.
ҽѧ 壺CATɨǻƵɨе飨ĳһλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To analyze verse into metrical patterns.
ɣʫ
To conform to a metrical pattern.
ʹϸ
Electronics To undergo electronic scanning.
ѧ еɨ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of scanning.
ϸ죺ϸ֮
Scope or field of vision.
۽Ұ
Examination of a body or bodily part by a CAT scanner or similar scanning apparatus.
ɨ飺ʹCATɨǻƵɨе岿ֵļ
A picture or an image produced by this means.
CATƬַɨͼƬ
A single sweep of the beam of electrons across a television screen.
ɨӣڵĻϵɨ
?
Middle English scanden, scannen [to scan a verse] 
йӢ scanden, scannen [һʫ] 
from Latin scandere [to climb, scan a verse] * see  skand- 
Դ  scandere [Ͻʫ] *μ skand- 
?
scannable
adj.ݴʣ
scanner
n.ʣ
?
In the 1969 edition ofThe American Heritage Dictionary  a dead issue was buried by our Usage Panel, 85 percent of whom thought it was acceptable to usescan  in the sense to look 
over quickly, though the note stated that this was less formal usage.The usage issue was raised becausescan  in an earlier sense meant to examine closely. From a historical 
perspective it is easy to see how these two opposite senses ofscan  developed. The source of our word, Latinscandere,  which meant to climb, came to mean to scan a verse of 
poetry, because one could beat the rhythm by lifting and putting down one's foot.The Middle English verbscannen,  derived from scandere,  came into Middle English in this sense 
(first recorded in a text composed before 1398). In the 16th century this highly specialized sense having to do with the close analysis of verse developed other senses,such as to 
criticize, examine minutely, interpret, perceive. From these senses having to do with examination and perception,it was an easy step to the sense to look at searchingly (first 
recorded in 1798),perhaps harking back still to the careful, detailed work involved in analyzing prosody.But a thorough search can change into a quick one, as it seems to have done in 
the case of the verbscan.  
1969ͳʵ Уǵ÷ίԱһѷ飬 85%Ϊscan Ϊǿɽܵģ Ȼע˵Ƿʽ÷֮ô
Ϊscan ڽϱʾϸ顱 ʷĽǶ˽scan ෴˼ηչ׵ġ ʵĴԴscandere ΪʵǡݻΪ
ʫ֮ɡ Ϊǿ̧ͨ½ӡӢﶯscannen ϴ scandere תģ״αһ1398֮ǰ༭Ľ̿ϣ 
16Ѿ߶רŻʾϸʫĴַչ硰ϸ΢ؼ顢⡱ЩʾͲ˼׾͹
ϸ족(1798״αأ壬Ҳܷصϸʫϸ΢scan һ׵Ѳܱɿٵ 

= =
scandal
scan.dal
AHD:[sk2ndl] 
D.J.[6sk#ndl]
K.K.[6sk#nd1]
n.ʣ
A publicized incident that brings about disgrace or offends the moral sensibilities of society:
ţʻ򴥷±׼Ĺ¼
a drug scandal that forced the mayor's resignation.
гְĶƷ
A person, thing, or circumstance that causes or ought to cause disgrace or outrage:
˷߿ˣӦ𲻹ʻ߿ˡ»Σ
a politician whose dishonesty is a scandal; considered the housing shortage a scandal.
μҲʵǸ˷߿ģΪסȱǸ
Damage to reputation or character caused by public disclosure of immoral or grossly improper behavior; disgrace.
裺ڲ»򼫲ʵľٶĹعɵĶƷ˺
Talk that is damaging to one's character; malicious gossip.
̰ĳƷĻ
?
French scandale 
 scandale 
from Old French [cause of sin] 
Դ ŷ [ԭ] 
from Latin scandalum [trap, stumbling block, temptation] 
Դ  scandalum [壬ջ] 
from Greek skandalon * see  skand- 
Դ ϣ skandalon *μ skand- 

= =
scar
scar 1
AHD:[sk?r] 
D.J.[sk$8]
K.K.[sk$r]
n.ʣ
A mark left on the skin after a surface injury or wound has healed.
˰̣Ƥ˻Ƥµİ̺
A lingering sign of damage or injury, either mental or physical:
ˣϵĴ˻˶ɵĳ־ñ֣
nightmares, anxiety, and other enduring scars of wartime experiences.
Ρƺս־Դ
Botany A mark indicating a former attachment, as of a leaf to a stem.
ֲѧ ۣǰŹϵıǣҶϵҶ
A mark, such as a dent, resulting from use or contact.
ߺۣʹûӴıǣ簼
v.ʣ
scarred,scar.ring,scars 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with a scar.
ʹа̺
To leave lasting signs of damage on:
ʹ³˺ĺۼ
a wretched childhood that scarred his psyche.
ʹľ˵ıͯ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a scar:
̣
The pustule healed and scarred.
ŧϲ
To become scarred:
°̺ۣ
delicate skin that scars easily.
۵Ƥ°̺
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of escare 
 escareı仯 
from Old French [scab] 
Դ ŷ [̺] 
from Late Latin eschara 
Դ  eschara 
from Greek eskhara [hearth, scab caused by burning] 
Դ ϣ eskhara [¯棬ȼնɵİ̺] 
?
scar
scar 2
AHD:[sk?r] 
D.J.[sk$8]
K.K.[sk$r]
n.ʣ
A protruding, isolated rock.
ңͻأʯ
A bare, rocky place on a mountainside or other steep slope.
£ɽϹͺҵĵط
?
Middle English skerre 
йӢ skerre 
from Old Norse sker [low reef] * see  sker- 1
Դ ˹ά sker [ʹʯ] *μ sker- 1

= =
scarce
scarce
AHD:[skars] 
D.J.[ske*s]
K.K.[skWrs]
adj.ݴʣ
scarc.er,scarc.est 
Insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in supply:
ȱģҪģѷģ
Fresh vegetables were scarce during the drought.
ڸɺڼ߲˶ȱ
Hard to find; absent or rare:
ѵõģȱٵĻ򺱼ģ
Steel pennies are scarce now except in coin shops.
ǮҵڣֱұʿںѼ
adv.ʣ
Barely or hardly; scarcely.
ֱ
?
make (oneself) scarceʽ
To stay away; be absent or elusive.
㿪¶棻ֻܿ
To depart, especially quickly or furtively; abscond.
ߣ뿪뿪ָٵػأǱ
?
Middle English scars 
йӢ scars 
from Old French scars 
Դ ŷ scars 
from Vulgar Latin *excarpsus [narrow, cramped] 
Դ  *excarpsus [խģƵ] 
from past participle of *excarpere [to pluck out] 
Դ *excarpereĹȥִ [ȡ] 
alteration of Latin excerpere [to pick out] * see  excerpt 
  excerpereı仯 [] *μ excerpt
?
scarceness
n.ʣ
?
The phrasescarce excerpt,  if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one 
language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo  (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning to pick out, to pick out mentally, and 
to select a passage for quotation.This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt  (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage 
already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce.  It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere  existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. 
.Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere  in Vulgar Latin, meant narrow, cramped, and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordchars,  
insufficient, cramped, and stingy. The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars  and the chiefly Old North French form escarse,   was 
borrowed into Middle English asscarse,   being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.
ܹ뵽scarce excerpt  һ˵ϵеĴͣһתһԵͬʱһʽתһʽļӡ
ʿ׷ݵexcerpo ȥִʴʸΪ excerpt- ) Ϊѡ˼Ͻѡ񡱺͡Ϊöѡһ䡱excerpt һμ¼1638ǰ
Ͷʣ״μ¼Լ1536꣩ȥִ÷մԴ15ʱѾ¼ scarce ı仯Ϊӡ ݲ²excerpere ͬʱڵ
ʽ excarpere Excarpsus excarpere ĹȥִγɵģΪխġƵġ һʽγ˹ŷechars ΪġƵġ
ĵġ ЩڹŷԶʽڵĹŷʣscars ͱŷҪʽ escarse  ӢгΪscarse  1300ҵһαһ
屾

= =
scarcely
scarce.ly
AHD:[skarsl?] 
D.J.[6ske*sli8]
K.K.[6skWrsli]
adv.ʣ
By a small margin; barely:
ոգţ
We scarely made it in time.
Ǹոոϵ
Almost not; hardly:
ֱ
We scarcely ever used the reserve generator.
Ǽδų̀÷
Certainly not:

They could scarcely complain after such good treatment.
ܵ˺õĴǾᱧԹ
?
Scarcely  has the force of a negative and is therefore regarded as incorrectly used with another negative, as inI couldn't scarcely believe it.   A clause followingscarcely  is correctly 
introduced by when  or before;   the use ofthan,  though common, is still unacceptable to some grammarians: The meeting had scarcely begun when  (or before  but not than ) it was 
interrupted.  See Usage Note at double negative ,hardly 
Scarcely з񶨵ζ˵һʽһʱΪǲȷģ I couldn't scarcely believe it С scarely ֮ when  before Ӿȷģ than 
÷ȻһЩ﷨˵Ȼܽܣ տʼ  before  than ) ͱ  μ double negative,hardly

= =
scare
scare
AHD:[skar] 
D.J.[ske*]
K.K.[skWr]
v.ʣ
scared,scar.ing,scares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with sudden fear; alarm.See Synonyms at frighten 
ţʹֻţʹͻȻ£ֲμ frighten
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become frightened:
ܾ
a child who scares easily.
һܾĺ
n.ʣ
A condition or sensation of sudden fear.
£ͻȻµ״̬о
A general state of alarm; a panic:
ֵ֣һ״̬ţ
a bomb scare that necessitated evacuating the building.
ըĿ־ʹΪҪ
adj.ݴʣ
Serving or intended to frighten people:
ֲģʹ˸еµģ
scare stories; scare tactics.
ֲ£ս
?
scare up ʽ
To gather or prepare with considerable effort or ingenuity:
޴պϣԼŬǻ۽ռ׼
managed to scare up some folding chairs for the unexpected crowd.
跨ΪͻȻֵȺҵһЩ
?
Middle English skerren, scaren 
йӢ skerren, scaren 
from Old Norse skirra 
Դ ˹ά skirra 
from skjarr [timid] 
Դ skjarr [Сģߵ] 
?
scarer
n.ʣ

= =
scarf
scarf 1
AHD:[sk?rf] 
D.J.[sk$8f]
K.K.[sk$rf]
n.ʣ
 scarfs[sk?rfs]   scarves [sk?rvz]  
A long piece of cloth worn about the head, neck, or shoulders.
ΧΧͷһ鳤
A decorative cloth for covering the top of a piece of furniture; a runner.
ڼҾ߶װԲβ
A sash indicating military rank.
£ʾεļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
scarfed,scarf.ing,scarfs 
To dress, cover, or decorate with or as if with a scarf.
ΧΧǣûͬΧȴǻװ
To wrap (an outer garment) around one like a scarf.
ãһ֣Χһܰ
?
French dialectal escarpe [sash, sling] 
﷽ escarpe [Ҵ] 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
variant of Old French escherpe [pilgrim's bag hung from neck] 
 ŷ escherpeı [ʥߴھİ] 
from Frankish *skirpja [small rush] 
Դ  *skirpja [æ] 
from Latin scirpus [rush] 
Դ  scirpus [æ] 
?
scarf
scarf 2
AHD:[sk?rf] 
D.J.[sk$8f]
K.K.[sk$rf]
n.ʣ
 scarfs[sk?rfs]  
A joint made by cutting or notching the ends of two pieces correspondingly and strapping or bolting them together.Also called  scarf joint 
б棬пڣ棺ֱͨиĶ˲½Ӷ˲ۣôӻʹγɵҲ  scarf joint
Either of the correspondingly cut or notched ends that fit together to form such a joint.
ֱиɿۺϳӵĶ˲
v.tr.ﶯʣ
scarfed,scarf.ing,scarfs 
To join by means of a scarf.
ͨǶӡ½Ӽ
To cut a scarf in.

?
Middle English skarf 
йӢ skarf 
as in scarfnail 
 scarfnail 
probably from Old Norse skarfr [end piece of a board cut off on the bias] 
Դ ˹ά skarfr [бпк۵Ķ˲] 
?
scarf
scarf 3
AHD:[sk?rf] 
D.J.[sk$8f]
K.K.[sk$rf]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
scarfed,scarf.ing,scarfs ٵ 
To eat or drink voraciously; devour:
Դȣ̻ʵسԻȣ̳ԣ
Americans scarf down 50 million hot dogs on an average summer day(George F. Will)
ƽÿԵ5000ȹ(F.)
?
Variant of scoff 2
 scoff2ı 
?
scarfer
n.ʣ

= =
scatter
scat.ter
AHD:[sk2tr] 
D.J.[6sk#t*]
K.K.[6sk#t+]
v.ʣ
scat.tered,scat.ter.ing,scat.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to separate and go in different directions.
ɢʹͬķ߿
To distribute loosely by or as if by sprinkling; strew:
ɢ䣺ͬһɢɢ
scattering confetti from the upper windows.
Ӹߴɢֽ
Physics To deflect (radiation or particles).
ѧ ɢ䣺ʹ΢ת
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To separate and go in different directions; disperse.
ɢʹֿͬɢ
To occur or fall at widely spaced intervals.
֣ܴسֻ
n.ʣ
The act of scattering or the condition of being scattered.
ɢɢĶɢ״̬
Something scattered.
ɢ
?
Middle English scateren 
йӢ scateren 
?
scatterer
n.ʣ
?
scatter,disperse,dissipate,dispel
These verbs are compared as they mean to cause a mass or an aggregate to separate and go in different directions.
Щʵ˼ΪʹȺ˵ļȺͬ벢߿ʱ֮Ƚϡ
 Scatter  usually refers to widespread,often haphazard distribution of components: 
 Scatter  ָͨɢܹ㣬ɲͬɷɵֲ֮⣺ 
the scattered driftwood, bleached and dry  (Celia Laighton Thaxter).
Ĵɢġ׺ͷɵĸľ ǡǡ˹أ
 Disperse  implies the complete breaking up of the mass or aggregate: 
 Disperse  ָ׵ɢȺڻȺ 
only a few industrious Scots perhaps, who indeed are dispersed over the face of the whole earth (George Chapman).
ɢոҲֻм Ρ
 Dissipate   usually suggests a reduction to nothing: 
 Dissipate  ͨʧ˼ 
Time dissipates to shining ether the solid angularity of facts (Ralph Waldo Emerson).
ʱʵ̵ʧա šĬ
 Dispel  suggests driving away or off by or as if by scattering: 
 Dispel  ʾͨͨɢɢߡ 
Truth is a torch that gleams through the fog without dispelling it (Claude Adrien Helvtius).
һ֧ѣɢܴ͸ ͵¡ﰲάޣ

= =
scene
scene
AHD:[s?n] 
D.J.[si8n]
K.K.[sin]
n.ʣ
Something seen by a viewer; a view or prospect.
󣺹۲߿Ķɫ
The place where an action or event occurs:
ֳһΪ¼ķأ
the scene of the crime.
ֳ
Abbr. sc.The place in which the action of a play, movie, novel, or other narrative occurs; a setting.
д sc.̨Ϸ硢ӰС˵¼ķأ
A subdivision of an act in a dramatic presentation in which the setting is fixed and the time continuous.
Ϸеģһڳ̶ʱϷһĻķֶ
A shot or series of shots in a movie constituting a unit of continuous related action.
ӰеģһڵӰصĶΪɵλһͷһϵоͷ
The scenery and properties for a dramatic presentation.
ϷݳĲ͵
A theater stage.
̨ϷԺ̨
A real or fictitious episode, especially when described.
¼ָдʱʵĻ鹹¼
A public display of passion or temper:
Ƣ¶Ƣ
tried not to make a scene.
ڳ
A sphere of activity:
Χ
observers of the political scene.
ȦĹ۲
Slang A situation or set of circumstances:
ٵ 龰ضĻ
a bad scene; a wild scene.
Σҵ
?
behind the scenes
Backstage.
̨
In private.
ܵ
?
French scne [stage] 
 scne [̨] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin scaena 
Դ  scaena 
from Greek sk??} [tent, stage] 
Դ ϣ sk??} [̨] 

= =
scenery
scen.er.y
AHD:[s?n-r?] 
D.J.[6si8n*ri8]
K.K.[6sin*ri]
n.ʣ
 scen.er.ies 
A view or views of natural features, especially in open country:
羰ָеȻɫ
enjoying the varied mountain scenery.
Ͳͬɽ
The painted backdrops on a theatrical stage.
̨Ժ̨ϻ滭ı

= =
scent
scent
AHD:[snt] 
D.J.[sent]
K.K.[sWnt]
n.ʣ
A distinctive, often agreeable odor.See Synonyms at fragrance See Synonyms at smell 
׷ֱģΪŵζμ fragranceμ smell
A perfume:
ˮ
an expensive French scent.
ķˮ
An odor left by the passing of an animal.
ἣµζ
The trail of a hunted animal or fugitive.
ټ׷Ķߵټ
The sense of smell:

a bear's keen scent.
ܵ
A hint of something imminent; a suggestion:
ԤУԼٵĳµİʾʾ
caught the scent of a reconciliation.
쵽кͽĿ
v.ʣ
scent.ed,scent.ing,scents 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive or identify by the sense of smell:
ųͨʶ
dogs scenting their prey.
ͨ׷Ĺ
To suspect or detect as if by smelling:
ͨ²֣
scented danger.
Σ
To fill with a pleasant odor; perfume:
ʹζʹζ
when blossoms scent the air.
ʱڿгζ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To hunt prey by means of the sense of smell. Used of hounds.
ѭἣ׷ԣͨ׷Թ
?
Middle English sent 
йӢ sent 
from senten [to scent] 
Դ senten [ţᵽ] 
from Old French sentir 
Դ ŷ sentir 
from Latin sentoe [to feel] * see  sent- 
Դ  sentoe [о] *μ sent- 
?
scentless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sceptical
scep.ti.cal
AHD:[skpt1-kl] 
D.J.[6skept!k*l]
K.K.[6skWpt!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Variant of skeptical 
 skepticalı

= =
schedule
sched.ule
AHD:[skj?l, -?-l, skjl] 
D.J.[6sked9u8l, -u8*l, 6sked9*l]
K.K.[6skWd9ul, -u*l, 6skWd9*l]
n.ʣ
A list of times of departures and arrivals; a timetable:
ʱ̱뿪򵽴ʱʱ̱
a bus schedule; a schedule of guided tours.
ʱ̱ʱ
A plan for performing work or achieving an objective, specifying the order and allotted time for each part:
ȱйﵽĿļƻָÿһֵ˳ͷʱ䣺
finished the project on schedule.
ƻɹĿ
A printed or written list of items in tabular form:
嵥ԱʽӡдĿ
a schedule of postal rates.
ʷĿ¼
A program of events or appointments expected in a given time:
ճ̼ƻڸʱ䰲ŵԼҪ
Can you fit me into your schedule Tuesday afternoon?
ճ̼ƻаҰڶ
A student's program of classes.
γ̱ѧϿμƻ
A supplemental statement of details appended to a document.
¼ļϸڵĲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sched.uled,sched.ul.ing,sched.ules 
To enter on a schedule:
б
calculate and schedule each tax deduction on the proper form.
úʵʽÿһʼ˰мб
To make up a schedule for:
ƶƻ
I haven't scheduled the coming week yet.
һûΪƶƻ
To plan or appoint for a certain time or date:
ԤƻŻƻһʱڣ
scheduled a trip in June; was scheduled to arrive Monday.
ƻ½һУƻһ
?
Middle English sedule [slip of parchment or paper, note] 
йӢ sedule [ƤֽƬֽƬʼ] 
from Old French cedule 
Դ ŷ cedule 
from Late Latin schedula 
Դ  schedula 
diminutive of scheda 
 schedaС׺ 
variant of Latin scida [papyrus strip] 
  scidaı [ֽɯݴ] 
from Greek skhida, skhed?} ; akin to  perhaps akin to skhizein [to split] * see  schizo- 
Դ ϣ skhida, skhed?}    skhizein [˺] *μ schizo-
?
schedular
adj.ݴʣ
scheduler
n.ʣ

= =
scheme
scheme
AHD:[sk?m] 
D.J.[ski8m]
K.K.[skim]
n.ʣ
A systematic plan of action.
ƻжϵͳԼƻ
A secret or devious plan; a plot.See Synonyms at plan 
ıܵĻļƻƻμ plan
An impractical or unrealistic plan:
ʵʵļƻʵʻʵļƻ
Your scheme yields no revenue; it yields nothing but discontent, disorder, disobedience(Edmund Burke)
ļƻʵʣҺͷ(ɡ)
An orderly combination of related parts:
ϵͳãϵĸ֮Ľϣ
an irrigation scheme with dams, reservoirs, and channels.
ˮӡˮˮĹϵͳ
A chart, a diagram, or an outline of a system or an object.
ϵͳƻͼͼ
v.ʣ
schemed,schem.ing,schemes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plot:
ı
scheming their revenge.
ıǵı
To contrive a plan or scheme for.
ͼıƻ򷽰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make plans, especially secret or devious ones.
ıƶָܵػ
?
Latin sch?a [figure] 
 sch?a [²] 
from Greek skh?a * see  segh- 
Դ ϣ skh?a *μ segh- 
?
schemer
n.ʣ

= =
scholar
schol.ar
AHD:[sk?lr] 
D.J.[6skKl*]
K.K.[6sk$l+]
n.ʣ
A learned person.
ѧߣѧʵ
A specialist in a given branch of knowledge:
רңһ֪ʶеרң
a classical scholar.
ŵѧ
One who attends school or studies with a teacher; a student.
ѧѧϰ߻ʦһѧϰˣѧ
A student who holds or has held a particular scholarship.
⽱ѧѧ
?
Middle English scoler 
йӢ scoler 
from Old French escoler 
Դ ŷ escoler 
and from Old English scolere 
Դ Ӣ scolere 
both from Medieval Latin schol3s 
Դ  schol3s 
from Late Latin [of a school] 
Դ  [ѧߵ] 
from Latin scola, schola [school] * see  school 1
Դ  scola, schola [ѧУ] *μ school1

= =
scholarship
schol.ar.ship
AHD:[sk?lr-sh1p] 
D.J.[6skKl*7.!p]
K.K.[6sk$l+7.!p]
n.ʣ
The methods, discipline, and attainments of a scholar or scholars.
ѧѧ߻ѧǵķԭ
Knowledge resulting from study and research in a particular field.See Synonyms at knowledge 
ѧʶһо̽ѧʲμ knowledge
A grant of financial aid awarded to a student, as for the purpose of attending a college.
ѧ𣺸ѧʹܽѧѧϰľð

= =
school
school 1
AHD:[sk?l] 
D.J.[sku8l]
K.K.[skul]
n.Abbr. sch.,s.,S.ʣд sch.,s.,S.
An institution for the instruction of children or people under college age.
ССѧУͯѧܽĻ
An institution for instruction in a skill or business:
רѧУڼܻҵнĻ
a secretarial school; a karate school.
רѧУֵרѧУ
A college or university.
ѧԺѧ
An institution within or associated with a college or university that gives instruction in a specialized field and recommends candidates for degrees.
ѧ᣺ѧԺѧڵĻ֮йصĻĳṩѵʸѧԱƼѧλ
A division of an educational institution constituting several grades or classes:
꼶ķ֧꼶༶ɣ
advanced to the upper school.
꼶
The student body of an educational institution.
ȫѧѧ
The building or group of buildings housing an educational institution.
ңĽȺ
The process of being educated formally, especially education constituting a planned series of courses over a number of years:
ѧУʽܽḶָ́һϵġмƻĿγɵĽ
The children were put to school at home. What do you plan to do when you finish school?
ͯڼҽѧУѧУʲô?
A session of instruction:
Ͽʱ䣺
School will start in three weeks. He had to stay after school today.
ڿѧѧ
A group of people, especially philosophers, artists, or writers, whose thought, work, or style demonstrates a common origin or influence or unifying belief:
ѧɣָѧҡһȺ壬˼롢ƷʾͬԨԴӰͬ
the school of Aristotle; the Venetian school of painters.
˹ѧɣ˹
A group of people distinguished by similar manners, customs, or opinions:
ɣľֹϰ߻˼Ⱥ壺
aristocrats of the old school.
һɵĹ
Close-order drill instructions or exercises for military units or personnel.
ѵµλԱеĲϰ
Australian A group of people gathered together for gambling.
Ĵǡ ͽһĲһȺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
schooled,school.ing,schools 
To educate in or as if in a school.
ڻѧУܽ
To train or discipline:
ѵѵ
She is well schooled in literature.See Synonyms at teach 
ѧܹõѵμ teach
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to school or education in schools:
ѧУģڻѧУѧУģ
school supplies; a school dictionary.
ѧУ豸ѧУֵ
?
Middle English scole 
йӢ scole 
from Old English sc?l 
Դ Ӣ sc?l 
from Latin schola, scola 
Դ  schola, scola 
from Greek skhol?} * see  segh- 
Դ ϣ skhol?} *μ segh- 
?
school
school 2
AHD:[sk?l] 
D.J.[sku8l]
K.K.[skul]
n.ʣ
A large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming together; a shoal.See Synonyms at flock 1
ȺȺˮָȺζ㣻Ⱥμ flock1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
schooled,school.ing,schools 
To swim in or form into a school.
ӣȺζγȺ
?
Middle English scole 
йӢ scole 
from Middle Dutch * see  skel- 1
Դ йź *μ skel- 1

= =
science
sci.ence
AHD:[sons] 
D.J.[6sa!*ns]
K.K.[6sa!*ns]
n.Abbr. sc.,sci.ʣд sc.,sci.
The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena.
ѧй۲졢֪ʵԵоϵĽ
Such activities restricted to a class of natural phenomena.
ȻѧȻĻ
Such activities applied to an object of inquiry or study.
ѧоĿоĻ
Methodological activity, discipline, or study:
ֿƣ۵Ļԭо
I've got packing a suitcase down to a science.
Ҷʮ
An activity that appears to require study and method:
ɣҪѧϰͷĻ
the science of purchasing.

Knowledge, especially that gained through experience.
֪ʶָͨʵõ
Science Christian Science.
 Science ѧ̿ѧ
?
Middle English [knowledge, learning] 
йӢ [ѧʣ֪ʶ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin scientia 
Դ  scientia 
from sci?s  scient- [present participle of] score [to know] * see  skei- 
Դ sci?s  scient-  [] scoreڷִ [֪] *μ skei- 

= =
scientific
sci.en.tif.ic
AHD:[son-t1f1k] 
D.J.[7sa!*n6t!f!k]
K.K.[7sa!*n6t!f!k]
adj.Abbr. sci.ݴʣд sci.
Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science.
ѧģڡڻʹÿѧ
?
Medieval Latin scientificus [producing knowledge] 
 scientificus [֪ʶ] 
Latin scientia [knowledge] * see  science 
 scientia [֪ʶ] *μ science
Latin -ficus [-fic] 
 -ficus [׺γɵġ] 
?
scientifically
adv.ʣ

= =
scientist
sci.en.tist
AHD:[son-t1st] 
D.J.[6sa!*nt!st]
K.K.[6sa!*nt!st]
n.ʣ
A person having expert knowledge of one or more sciences, especially a natural or physical science.
ѧңһŻſѧר֪ʶˣָȻѧ
Scientist A Christian Scientist.
 Scientist ѧң̿ѧ

= =
scold
scold
AHD:[sk?ld] 
D.J.[sk*&ld]
K.K.[skold]
v.ʣ
scold.ed,scold.ing,scolds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reprimand or criticize harshly and usually angrily.
ͨŭ𱸻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To reprove or criticize openly.
áǴ
n.ʣ
One who persistently nags or criticizes:
ϲáˣ߶ˣ
As a critic gets older, he or she usually grows more tetchy and . . . may even become a big-league scold(James Wolcott)
һ˥ϵʱͨøΪꡭΪһߡ(ղķ˹ֶ)
?
Middle English scolden [to rail at] 
йӢ scolden [] 
from scolde [an abusive person] 
Դ scolde [á] 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] * see  sek w- 3
[Դ˹ά] *μ sek w- 3
?
scolder
n.ʣ
scoldingly
adv.ʣ
?
scold,upbraid,berate,revile,vituperate,rail
These verbs mean to reprimand or criticize angrily or vehemently.
ЩΪŭ񶾵س
 Scold  implies an annoyed or bad-tempered reproof: 
 Scold  ʾŭƢ 
The young woman's parents scolded her for questioning their authority.
Ů˵ĸĸǵȨɶ
Upbraid  generally suggests a well-founded reproach,as one leveled by an authority: 
Upbraid  ָͨгɵ𱸣Ȩ𱸣 
upbraided him for not having worn his overcoat (Arnold Bennett).
û׶ ŵ¡أ
 Berate  suggests scolding or rebuking angrily and at length: 
 Berate  ָʱŭ𱸻Ǵ 
The dissatisfied customer berated the florist.
Ĺ˿̡
Revile   andvituperate especially stress the use of disparaging or abusive language:  
Revile  vituperate رǿñԻԵԣ  
Critics reviled the novel as unsophisticated pulp.
ҰⲿС˵ΪĵͼƷ
The incensed priests . . . continued to raise their voices, vituperating each other in bad Latin (Sir Walter Scott).
ŭ˵ʦɤú໥ ض˾ѣ
 Rail  suggests bitter, harsh, or denunciatory language: 
 Rail  ָüָ̡ԣ 
Why rail at fate? The mischief is your own (John Greenleaf Whittier).
ΪʲôҪԹ? Լ Լ򡤻ݵٰ
?
A scold is no poet and a scolding is not poetry, at least to the one being scolded,but it seems that the wordscold  has a poetic background. It is probable thatscold,  which is first 
recorded in Middle English in a work probably composed around 1150, has a Scandinavian source that is related to the Old Icelandic wordsk3,  poet. Middle Englishscolde  may in 
fact mean a minstrel, but of that we are not sure.However, its Middle English meanings, a ribald, abusive person and a shrewish, chiding woman,may be related tosk3,  as 
shown by the senses of some of the Old Icelandic words derived fromsk3.   Old Icelandicsk3,  for example, meant poetry in a good sense but also a libel in verse, whilesk3g  
meant a pole with imprecations or charms scratched on it. It would seem that libelous, cursing verse was a noted part of at least some poets' productions and that this association 
with poets passed firmly along with the Scandinavian borrowing into English.
߲ʫˣáʫٶԱ˵ģscold ƺʫı Scold Ӣеһα¼һԼ1150괴ƷУ
пԴ˹ά skald ڱбʾʫˡĴйء Ӣеscolde ʵϿΪʫˡ Դûп϶˵Ȼ
Ӣе˼ǡ˵໰˵ˡ͡õġ˵Ůˡskald йأ һЩԴskald ıŴ˼ʾ 磬űеskaldskapr 
ΪʫҲС̰Եʫ˼, skald-stong ˼ǡĸӡ ̰ԵʫһЩʫƷͻĲֲʫϵȲ
˹άﱻӢ

= =
scope
scope
AHD:[sk?p] 
D.J.[sk*&p]
K.K.[skop]
n.ʣ
The range of one's perceptions, thoughts, or actions.
۽磬ʶĳ˵ļʶ뷨жķΧ
Breadth or opportunity to function.See Synonyms at room 
ᣬأػμ room
The area covered by a given activity or subject.See Synonyms at range 
Χһ涨Ļ漰ķΧμ range
The length or sweep of a mooring cable.
ê³ȻΧ
Informal A viewing instrument such as a periscope, microscope, or telescope.
ʽ ۿ۲Ǳ΢Զ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
scoped,scop.ing,scopes ٵ 
To examine or study carefully and in detail:
ϸоϸµо飺
[He]  scopes the big picture of Israeli-Arab relations (James Wolcott)
 ز鿴ɫкͰϵĴͼƬ (ղķ˹ֶ)
?
Italian scopo [aim, purpose] 
 scopo [Ŀģͼ] 
from Greek skopos [target, aim] * see  spek- 
Դ ϣ skopos [Ŀ꣬Ŀ] *μ spek- 

= =
score
score
AHD:[sk?r, sk?r] 
D.J.[sk%8, sk*&r]
K.K.[sk%r, skor]
n.ʣ
A notch or an incision, especially one that is made to keep a tally.
̺ۣһֿ̺ۻпڣָڼǷ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
A usually numerical record of a competitive event:
Ƿ֣ڱгõһּǷַʽ
keeping score.
¼÷
The total number of points made by each competitor or side in a contest, either final or at a given stage:
÷֣ÿ߻һָõܷ֣
The score stood tied in the bottom of the ninth inning.
ڵھŻغ°ֱȷֳƽ
The number of points attributed to a competitor or team.
ܷ֣ĳһ߻Ŷӵĵ÷
A result, usually expressed numerically, of a test or examination.
ɼ÷֣һԻԺֱͨʾĽ
An amount due; a debt.
ʣǷʶծ
A grievance that is harbored and requires satisfaction:
ԩ飺ĲҪƽԩ飺
settle an old score.
ƽһɵԩ
A ground; a reason.
ݣ
A group of 20 items.
20һ
scores Large numbers:
 scores ࣺ
Scores of people attended the rally.
˲μʾ
Music 
֡ 
The written form of a composition for orchestral or vocal parts, either complete or for a particular instrument or voice.
ףΪֲֻ質׵ΪֻΪһ
A composition written for a musical comedy.
֣Ϊϲд
Slang 
ٵ 
The act of securing an advantage, especially a surprising or significant gain:
ãƵΪرָ˾شջ
He had dropped out of school and gone for that quick dollar, that big score(Peter Goldman)
ѧͶܹȡҵС(˵á)
The act or an instance of buying illicit drugs.
˽ҩǷƷΪ
A successful robbery.
٣óѵ
A sexual conquest.
ο
v.ʣ
scored,scor.ing,scores 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with lines or notches, especially for the purpose of keeping a record.
Ƿ֣̺ۼ¼ָΪ˼Ʒ
To cancel or eliminate by or as if by superimposing lines.
ȡͨͨǿϳȡ
To mark the surface of (meat, for example) with usually parallel cuts.
лƽеڣ⣩ı
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
To gain (a point) in a game or contest.
÷֣һϷеõһ֣
To count or be worth as points.
֣÷
To achieve; win.
Ӯã
To evaluate and assign a grade to.
֣ɼ
Music 
֡ 
To orchestrate.
Ϊ
To arrange for a specific instrument.
Ϊһ
To criticize cuttingly; berate.
𱸣ָ
Slang 
ٵ 
To succeed in acquiring:
ɹػã
scored two tickets to the play.
õϷƱ
To succeed in obtaining (an illicit drug):
õɹĵõһַǷƷ
Aging punks try to impress her with tales of . . . the different drugs they've scored(Art Jahnke)
ϰǽáǰȡöƷĹ(ء)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
To make a point in a game or contest.
÷֣һϷеһ
To keep the score of a game or contest.
Ƿ֣һϷǷ
Slang 
ٵ 
To achieve a purpose or advantage, especially to make a surprising gain or coup:
ջʵĿȡƣָȡ˾ĳɹɼ
They . . . score in places like the bond market(Mike Barnicle)
ǡծȯгмջ(ˡ˶)
To succeed in seducing someone sexually.
ɹԹĳ
To succeed in buying or obtaining an illicit drug.
˽ɹ򵽻õһַǷƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English *scoru [twenty] 
Դ Ӣ *scoru [ʮ] 
from Old Norse skor * see  sker- 1
Դ ˹ά skor *μ sker- 1
?
scorer
n.ʣ

= =
scorn
scorn
AHD:[sk?rn] 
D.J.[sk%8n]
K.K.[sk%rn]
n.ʣ
Contempt or disdain felt toward a person or object considered despicable or unworthy.
ӣԱΪǿɱɵĻõ˻еӻ򿴲
The expression of such an attitude in behavior or speech; derision.
䣬Ц̸ֹбֳ̬ȣŪ
One spoken of or treated with contempt.
ŪĶ˵ԴĶ
v.ʣ
scorned,scorn.ing,scorns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy.
ӻȡ̬ȿԴ
To reject or refuse with derision.See Synonyms at despise 
ɳ⣺̬ȷԻܾμ despise
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express contempt; scoff.
ʾӣЦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French escarn 
Դ ŷ escarn 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
scorner
n.ʣ
scornful
adj.ݴʣ
scornfully
adv.ʣ
scornfulness
n.ʣ

= =
scout
scout 1
AHD:[skout] 
D.J.[ska&t]
K.K.[ska&t]
v.ʣ
scout.ed,scout.ing,scouts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To spy on or explore carefully in order to obtain information; reconnoiter.
죺Ϊ˻Ϣϸ̽̽
To observe and evaluate (a talented person) for possible hiring.
ɫ˲ţΪܹӶ۲ۣһ˲ţ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To search:
Ѱң
scout around for some gossip.
̽ԵԴ
To search for talented people:
ɫ˲ţ
She scouts for a professional basketball team.
ɫһְҵ
n.ʣ
One that is dispatched from a main body to gather information, especially in preparation for military action.
ߣ뿪󲿶ȥѰϢˣָھжԤ
The act of reconnoitering.
ж
A watcher or sentinel.
ߣ
One who is employed to discover and recruit talented persons, especially in the fields of sports and entertainment.
̽̽·ֺƸ˲ŵԱָ
Sports One who is employed to observe and report on the strategies and players of rival teams.
˶ Ӽͱ澺ԷսͲԱ
Often Scout 
  Scout 
A member of the Boy Scouts.
ͯӾ
A member of the Girl Scouts.
ŮͯӾ
Informal An individual; a person:
ʽ һˣ
a good scout.
һ
Chiefly British A student's male servant at Oxford University.
Ӣ ţѧУ
?
From Middle English scoute [act of watching or spying] 
Դ йӢ scoute [ۿĶ] 
from Old French escoute 
Դ ŷ escoute 
from escouter [to listen] 
Դ escouter [] 
alteration of ascouter 
 ascouterı仯 
from Vulgar Latin *ascult3e 
Դ  *ascult3e 
alteration of Latin auscult3e * see  ous- 
  auscult3 *μ ous- 
?
scouter
n.ʣ
?
scout
scout 2
AHD:[skout] 
D.J.[ska&t]
K.K.[ska&t]
v.ʣ
scout.ed,scout.ing,scouts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reject with disdain or derision.See Synonyms at despise 
ܾػЦؾܾμ despise
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To treat another with derision; scoff.
ŪЦԳЦԴˣŪ
?
[Of Scandinavian origin] * see  skeud- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ skeud- 

= =
scrap
scrap 1
AHD:[skr2p] 
D.J.[skr#p]
K.K.[skr#p]
n.ʣ
A small piece or bit; a fragment.
С飬Ƭ
scraps Leftover bits of food.
 scraps иʣ
Discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reprocessing.
ϣķָԻյķϽ
scraps Crisp pieces of rendered animal fat; cracklings.
 scraps ֬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
scrapped,scrap.ping,scraps 
To break down into parts for disposal or salvage.
飺Դû
To discard as worthless; junk.
Ϊö
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse skrap [trifles, pieces] * see  sker- 1
Դ ˹ά skrap [С£Ƭ] *μ sker- 1
?
scrap
scrap 2
AHD:[skr2p] 
D.J.[skr#p]
K.K.[skr#p]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
scrapped,scrap.ping,scraps 
To fight, often with the fists.
ܣܣȭͷ
n.ʣ
A fight or a scuffle.
ܣ
?
Perhaps variant of scrape 
Ϊ scrapeı
?
scrapper
n.ʣ

= =
scrape
scrape
AHD:[skr3p] 
D.J.[skre!p]
K.K.[skrep]
v.ʣ
scraped,scrap.ing,scrapes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove (an outer layer, for example) from a surface by forceful strokes of an edged or rough instrument:
γôߴֲڵĹ߰ѣ磬壩ӱߣ
scraped the wallpaper off before painting the wall.
ǽͿǰѱֽε
To abrade or smooth by rubbing with a sharp or rough instrument.
üĻֲڵĹĦĥƽ
To rub (a surface) with considerable pressure, as with an edged instrument or a hard object.
ĦʹôӲĥ棩
To draw (a hard or abrasive object) forcefully over a surface:
βʹڱβӲĥ壩
scraped my fingernails down the blackboard.
ҵָںڰϹβ
To injure the surface of by rubbing against something rough or sharp:
ƣֲڻ߷Ķʹƣ
scraped my knee on the sidewalk.
ҵϥеϹ
To amass or produce with difficulty:
ռѵشռ
scrape together some cash.
һЩǮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come into sliding, abrasive contact.
ĦеģĦԵĽӴ
To rub or move with a harsh grating noise.
д̶Ĺλƶ
To give forth a harsh grating noise.
γ̶̶
To practice petty economies; scrimp.
ʡǿ
To succeed or manage with difficulty:
ǿͨѵػʤͨ
scraped through by a narrow margin.
ǿ
n.ʣ
The act of scraping.
βĶ
The sound of scraping.
β
An abrasion on the skin.
ۣƤϵĹκ
An embarrassing predicament.

A fight; a scuffle.
ͻ
?
Middle English scrapen 
йӢ scrapen 
from Old Norse skrapa * see  sker- 1
Դ ˹ά skrapa *μ sker- 1

= =
scratch
scratch
AHD:[skr2ch] 
D.J.[skr#t.]
K.K.[skr#t.]
v.ʣ
scratched,scratch.ing,scratch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a thin, shallow cut or mark on (a surface) with a sharp instrument.
̻÷Ĺڣ棩γϸϸģǳǳĺۼ
To use the nails or claws to dig or scrape at.
ڣΣָ׻צڻ
To rub or scrape (the skin) to relieve itching.
ɦĦƤ
To scrape or strike on an abrasive surface.
ΣĥϹβƽ
To write or draw (something) by scraping a surface:
̣ͨαд򻭣ĳ
scratched their initials on a rock.
ʯϿǵֵĸ
To write or draw hurriedly:
ͿһҴҵд߻
scratched off a thank-you note.
ҴҵдһŸл
To strike out or cancel (a word, for example) by or as if by drawing lines through.
ͨ߻Ʒȥ߷ϳһ֣
Slang To cancel (a project or a program, for example).
ٵ ϳһ̻һĿ
Sports Games To withdraw (an entry) from a contest.
˶ Ϸ ˳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use the nails or claws to dig, scrape, or wound.
ץָ׻צڡλ
To rub or scrape the skin to relieve itching.
ɦβƤ
To make a harsh, scraping sound.
β̶Ħ
To gather funds or produce a living with difficulty.
ǿڣѵشռʽ
Sports Games To withdraw from a contest.
˶ Ϸ ˳
Games To make a shot in billiards that results in a penalty, as when the cue ball falls into a pocket or jumps the cushion.
Ϸ ʧĻڴ̨ʱ³ͷһĸлԽ̨
n.ʣ
A mark resembling a line that is produced by scratching.
ߣڹβֱ߰ļǺ
A slight wound.

A hasty scribble.
ʲݵ
A sound made by scratching.
ββ
Sports The starting line for a race.
˶ ߣܵʼ
Sports Games A contestant who has been withdrawn from a competition.
˶ Ϸ ˳ľ
Games 
Ϸ 
The act of scratching in billiards.
ʧ̨𷣷ֵһ
A fluke or chance shot in billiards.
һУ̨˶нһżȻ
Poultry feed.
ݵ
Slang Money.
ٵ ֳ
adj.ݴʣ
Done haphazardly or by chance.
żȻģżȻɵظɵ
Assembled hastily or at random.
ҴɵģҴҵػؾۼ
Sports Having no golf handicap.
˶ ûи߶ϰ
?
from scratch
From the very beginning.
ʼ
up to scratchʽ
Meeting the requirements.
Ҫ
In fit condition.
״̬õ
?
Middle English scracchen 
йӢ scracchen 
probably blend of scratten [to scratch] 
ܻ scratten [β] 
cracchen [to scratch]  possibly from Middle Dutch cratsen 
cracchen [β]  Դ йź cratsen 
?
scratcher
n.ʣ

= =
scream
scream
AHD:[skr?m] 
D.J.[skri8m]
K.K.[skrim]
v.ʣ
screamed,scream.ing,screams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a long, loud, piercing cry, as from pain or fear.
Уʹ־ġġ̶Ľ
To make a loud, piercing sound:
Хش̶
Jet planes screamed through the air.
ʽɻڿкХ
To speak or write in a heated, hysterical manner.
ܵдԼ쳣˷ܵطʽ˵д
To have or produce a startling effect:
𾪣Ծ˵Ч
The outlandish costume screamed with clashing colors.
ζķװɫЭԵô
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or say in or as if in a screaming voice.
˵Ż˵
n.ʣ
A long, loud, piercing cry or sound.
ʱġġ̶ļл
Informal One that is hilariously or ridiculously funny:
ʽ 们Ц˻£
The new play was a scream.
Ϸ缫ΪЦ
?
Middle English screamen 
йӢ screamen 
[possibly of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse scr?ma 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά scr?ma 
?
screamingly
adv.ʣ
?
scream,shriek,screech
These verbs mean to make or give voice to a loud, piercing sound.
Щʵ˼򷢳̶
 Scream  generally denotes a prolonged penetrating soundindicative of physical suffering or emotion, such as fear: 
 Scream  һʾһӳĴ̶ʾžϻϵʹ࣬־壺 
He immediately began to scream with pain (Francis Marion Crawford).
ʹ ˹𡤿޸£
 Shriek   differs fromscream  principally in implying a shrill, often frantic cry: 
 Shriek  scream ҪָһּУ ǷؼУ 
In the midst of the confusion and uproar . . . Cicero could only shriek that he had saved his country  (J.A. Froude).
ڻУֻܴĹҡ أ
 Screech  stresses a high-pitched, strident, often annoying sound: 
 Screech  ǿһָġ̶ġ˷յ 
Leave me alone! he screeched  (Robert Louis Stevenson).
!ɤӺ ޲ء·˹˹ɭ

= =
screen
screen
AHD:[skr?n] 
D.J.[skri8n]
K.K.[skrin]
n.ʣ
A movable device, especially a framed construction such as a room divider or a decorative panel, designed to divide, conceal, or protect.
磺һֿƶ豸ָΪӷָװĿܹ죬ڷֿס߱
One that serves to protect, conceal, or divide:
ڱڱػ߷ָĶ
Security guards formed a screen around the President. A screen of evergreens afforded privacy from our neighbors.
ԱͳΧγһϡɳγɵΧھӸ徲
A coarse sieve used for sifting out fine particles, as of sand, gravel, or coal.
ɸӣһִɸɸѡĶɳӡʯú
A system for preliminary appraisal and selection of personnel as to their suitability for particular jobs.
ѡѡһֳɸѡԱϵͳԾǷӦĳһض
A window or door insertion of framed wire or plastic mesh used to keep out insects and permit airflow.
ɴý˿ƵĴŵĲ赲ʹͨ
The white or silver surface on which a picture is projected for viewing.
ĻŵӰİɫɫĻ
The movie industry:
Ӱҵ
a star of stage and screen.Also called  silver screen 
̨͵ӰҲ  silver screen
Electronics The phosphorescent surface on which an image is displayed, as on a television, computer monitor, or radar receiver.
ѧ ӫʾͼ׹棬ӡʾ״ջ
Computer Science The information or image displayed at a given time on a monitor, display, or video terminal:
ѧ ӫϢĻͼָʱڼʾƵն豸ʾϢͼ
printing a hard copy of the screen.
ӡӫϵϢ
Electronics The electrode placed between the anode and the control grid in a tetrode valve.Also called  screen grid 
ѧ դһļܽڷеĵ缫ͿƼ֮Ҳ  screen grid
Printing A glass plate marked off with crossing lines, placed before the lens of a camera when photographing for halftone reproduction.
ӡˢ һú߷ָĲ壬Ӱʱмɫʱھͷǰ
A body of troops or ships sent in advance of or surrounding a larger body to protect or warn of attack.
ӣǰΧһ֧ӻ򽢶ӣ𱣻Ԥ
Sports A block, set with the body, that impedes the vision or movement of an opponent.
˶ 赲γɵϣڵס߻赲ǰ
Football A screen pass.
 ڻԴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
screened,screen.ing,screens 
To provide with a screen:
ϣ
screen a porch.
ذװ
To conceal from view with or as if with a screen.See Synonyms at block See Synonyms at hide 1
ڱΣûһ赲μ blockμ hide1
To protect, guard, or shield.
赲
To separate or sift out (fine particles of sand, for example) by means of a sieve or screen.
ɸѡɸӻɸɸѡɳӣ
To examine (a job applicant, for example) systematically in order to determine suitability.
飺ϵͳزԣһ빤ˣԾǷʺ
To show or project (a movie, for example) on a screen.
ӳĻʾӳӰ
To test or examine for the presence of disease or infection:
⣺Ի߼鼲Ⱦ
screen blood for the presence of a virus; screen patients in an epidemic zone.
ѪҺⲡĲ
Sports 
˶ 
To block the vision or movement of (an opponent) with the body.
赲赲֣ߺж
To obscure an opponent's view of (a shot) by positioning oneself between the opponent and the shooter.
ϣԼڶֺͷ֮ʹֵӾģ
?
Middle English screne 
йӢ screne 
from Old North French escren 
Դ ŷ escren 
from Middle Dutch scherm [shield, screen] * see  sker- 1
Դ йź scherm [赲] *μ sker- 1
?
screenable
adj.ݴʣ
screener
n.ʣ

= =
screw
screw
AHD:[skr?] 
D.J.[skru8]
K.K.[skru]
n.ʣ
A cylindrical rod incised with one or more helical or advancing spiral threads, as a lead screw or worm screw.
ݶиһüλƵһԲ絼ת
The tapped collar or socket that receives this rod.
˿ñڽݶݹ׻
A metal pin with incised threads and a broad slotted head that can be driven as a fastener by turning with a screwdriver, especially:
˿һöиƺͿͷĽ˿šΪָ
A tapered and pointed wood screw.
ľһϸľͷݶ
A cylindrical and flat-tipped machine screw.
ݸˣһбƽͷԲλݶ
A device having a helical form, such as a corkscrew.
״״һ˿
A propeller.

A twist or turn of or as if of a screw.
˿ģתŤ˿˿תŤ
Slang 
ٵ 
A prison guard.

The turnkey of a jail.

Vulgar Slang The act or an instance of having sexual intercourse.
 ٵ ԽԽΪ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
Salary; wages.
ʣнˮ
A small paper packet, as of tobacco.
СֽСֽ̲ݺ
An old broken-down horse.

A stingy or crafty bargainer.
ĹĹּۻ
v.ʣ
screwed,screw.ing,screws 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drive or tighten (a screw).
šһݶ
To fasten, tighten, or attach by or as if by means of a screw.
סšݶƷӽӹ̻
To attach (a tapped or threaded fitting or cap) by twisting into place.
ŤԹ̶ȥӣһƻߵװûñ
To rotate (a part) on a threaded axis.
תʹתĳ֣
To contort (one's face).
Ťĳ˵ף
Slang To take advantage of; cheat:
ٵ ռˣթƭ
screwed me out of the most lucrative sales territory.
Ҵһͼ
Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse with.
 ٵ 롭Խ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn or twist.
ŤתŤ
To become attached by means of the threads of a screw.
ͨݶ˿ʹι
To be capable of such attachment.
ܹš
Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse.
 ٵ Խ
?
screw around
Slang To act or fool around aimlessly or in a confused way and accomplish nothing.
ٵ ȣĿĵػԺͿķʽжɵ£ʲôҲû
Vulgar Slang To be sexually promiscuous.
 ٵ ҽ
screw up
To muster or summon up:
ټ٣
screwed up my courage.
ҵ
Slang To make a mess of (an undertaking).
ٵ ѣҵŪ
Slang To injure; damage:
ٵ ˺ƻ
Lifting those boxes really screwed up my back.
̧Щȷʵҵıܵ
Slang To make neurotic or anxious.
ٵ ʹ鷳һ
?
have a screw looseٵ
To behave in an eccentric manner.
ΪǳŹ
To be insane.
񾭲
?
Middle English skrewe 
йӢ skrewe 
from Old French escrove [female screw, nut] 
Դ ŷ escrove [ŮĹɹ] 
perhaps from Medieval Latin scr?a 
Դ  scr?a 
from Latin [sow] * see  sker- 1
Դ  [ĸ] *μ sker- 1
?
screwable
adj.ݴʣ
screwer
n.ʣ

= =
script
script
AHD:[skr1pt] 
D.J.[skr!pt]
K.K.[skr!pt]
n.ʣ
Handwriting.
ּ
A style of writing with cursive characters.
д壺ʲݵд
A particular system of writing:
Ш֣һдϵ
cuneiform script.
Ш
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A style of type that imitates handwriting.
дǦ֣дǦʽ
The matter set in this type.
дӡˢ
The text of a play, broadcast, or movie.
籾㲥ߵӰ籾
A copy of a text used by a director or performer.
籾ݻԱõľ籾
Law An original document.
ɡ ԭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
script.ed,script.ing,scripts 
To prepare (a text) for filming or broadcasting.
ΪӰ㲥д籾
To orchestrate (behavior or an event, for example) as if writing a script:
죺ѣΪһ£д籾һ죺
the brilliant, charming, judicial moderate scripted by his White House fans(Ellen Goodman)
İ׹Ǳɵһвģ˵ģȽ(סŵ)
?
Middle English skript [a piece of writing] 
йӢ skript [һƪ] 
alteration of scrite 
 scriteı仯 
from Old French escrit 
Դ ŷ escrit 
from Latin scrom [from neuter past participle of] scrobere [to write] * see  skrobh- 
Դ  scrom  [] ԴscrobereԹȥִ [д] *μ skrobh- 

= =
scrutiny
scru.ti.ny
AHD:[skr?tn-?] 
D.J.[6skru8tni8]
K.K.[6skrutni]
n.ʣ
 scru.ti.nies 
A close, careful examination or study.
ϸϸģϸļѧϰ
Close observation; surveillance.
ϸĹ۲죻ල
?
Middle English scrutinie [taking of a formal vote] 
йӢ scrutinie [ʽͶƱ] 
from Latin scr?m [inquiry, search] 
Դ  scr?m [ѯʣѰ] 
from scr?3ro} [to search, examine] 
Դ scr?3ro} [Ѱң] 
from scr?a [trash] 
Դ scr?a [] 

= =
sculpture
sculp.ture
AHD:[sk?lpchr] 
D.J.[6skJlpt.*]
K.K.[6skJlpt.+]
n.Abbr. sculp.ʣд sculp.
The art or practice of shaping figures or designs in the round or in relief, as by chiseling marble, modeling clay, or casting in metal.
̣Բλ򸡵ͼλͼΪ̴ͨʯģ
A work of art created by sculpture.
Ʒ̴Ʒ
Such works of art considered as a group.
ƷΪһƷ
Ridges, indentations, or other markings, as on a shell, formed by natural processes.
ƣͨȻγɵơƻǣڱ
v.ʣ
sculp.tured,sculp.tur.ing,sculp.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fashion (stone, bronze, or wood, for example) into a three-dimensional figure.
ܣѣʯͷͭľͷάռʽ
To represent in sculpture.
ܣ죺ͨƷ
To ornament with sculpture.
ԵװΣõƷװ
To change the shape or contour of, as by erosion.
ʴʴı״ṹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make sculptures or a sculpture.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin sculpt?a 
Դ  sculpt?a 
from sculptus [past participle of] sculpere [to carve] * see  skel- 1
Դ sculptus  [] sculpereĹȥִ [] *μ skel- 1
?
sculptural
adj.ݴʣ
sculpturally
adv.ʣ

= =
sea
sea
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[si8]
K.K.[si]
n.Abbr. s.,S.ʣд s.,S.
The continuous body of salt water covering most of the earth's surface, especially this body regarded as a geophysical entity distinct from earth and sky.
ǵ󲿷ֱģˮˮ壬ָΪصıĵѧ
A tract of water within an ocean.
ںΧڵһƬˮ
A relatively large body of salt water completely or partially enclosed by land.
ںȫȫΧԱȽϴˮ
A relatively large landlocked body of fresh water.
ˮ½ذΧĴĵˮ
The condition of the ocean's surface with regard to its course, flow, swell, or turbulence:
ˮ򣺺״̬ˮλߴˣ
a high sea.

Something that suggests the ocean in its overwhelming sweep or vastness:
ĴããһƬĶ
a sea of controversy.
ì
Seafaring as a way of life.

Astronomy A lunar mare.
ѧ 
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
sea air; sea voyages.

?
at sea
On the sea, especially on a sea voyage.
ϵģָϺ
In a state of confusion or perplexity; at a loss.
ãȻ֪룺ڻҵĻ״̬֪
?
Middle English see 
йӢ see 
from Old English s?} 
Դ Ӣ s?} 

= =
seal
seal 1
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[si8l]
K.K.[sil]
n.ʣ
A die or signet having a raised or incised emblem used to stamp an impression on a receptive substance such as wax or lead.
ӡ£һ͹µӡģͼ£ڿɽӡǣǦ
The impression so made.
ӡγɵӡ
The design or emblem itself, belonging exclusively to the user:
ӡţͼ£ֻʹˣ
a monarch's seal.
ʵ۵
A small disk or wafer of wax, lead, or paper bearing such an imprint and affixed to a document to prove authenticity or to secure it.
꣺ӡµԲεСƬǦƬֽƬļ֤Ȩ֤ļİȫ
Something, such as a commercial hallmark, that authenticates, confirms, or attests.
ǣȷϡ֤ʵ֤ҵ־
A substance, especially an adhesive agent such as wax or putty, used to close or secure something or to prevent seepage of moisture or air.
֮һʣָͻҵճԼաĳֹ
A device that joins two systems or elements in such a way as to prevent leakage.
ڻַʽϵͳԪԷ©װ
An airtight closure.
ڣ͸ķ
A closure, as on a package, used to prove that the contents have not been tampered with.
һ֤δ˵ķڰװ
A small decorative paper sticker.
װֽһССװõֽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sealed,seal.ing,seals 
To affix a seal to in order to prove authenticity or attest to accuracy, legal weight, quality, or another standard.
£²Դ֤ʵԻ֤׼ȷԡ׼
To close with or as if with a seal.
̼ӡӡ»ƶ
To close hermetically.
ܷ⣺ܵط
To make fast or fill up, as with plaster or cement.
סϻˮճλ
To apply a waterproof coating to:
ӷ⣺һˮ㣺
seal a blacktop driveway.
·
To grant, certify, or designate under seal or authority.
֤ίΣӡŻȨ׼衢֤ί
To establish or determine irrevocably:
עȷȡؽ
Our fate was sealed.
ǵע
Mormon Church To make (a marriage, for example) binding for life; solemnize forever.
ĦŽ̡ ԼʹԼʹԶʽ
?
seal off
To close tightly or surround with a barricade or cordon:
·ϻʹصʵΧ 
An unused wing of the hospital was sealed off.
һδõҽԺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French seel 
Դ ŷ seel 
from Vulgar Latin *sigellum 
Դ  *sigellum 
from Latin sigillum [diminutive of] signum [sign, seal] * see  sek w- 1
Դ  sigillum  [] signumС׺ [ǩӡ] *μ sek w- 1
?
sealable
adj.ݴʣ
?
seal
seal 2
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[si8l]
K.K.[sil]
n.ʣ
Any of various aquatic, carnivorous mammals of the families Phocidae and Otariidae, found chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere and having a sleek, torpedo-shaped body and limbs that 
are modified into paddlelike flippers.
һֺƺͺʨƵĺʳಸ鶯Ҫڱй⻬εݻΪ״
The pelt or fur of one of these animals, especially a fur seal.
ƤදƤƤëָ
Leather made from the hide of one of these animals.
දƤƳɵĸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sealed,seal.ing,seals 
To hunt seals.
Բ
?
Middle English sele 
йӢ sele 
from Old English seolh  s?ol- 
Դ Ӣ seolh  s?ol- 

= =
seam
seam
AHD:[s?m] 
D.J.[si8m]
K.K.[sim]
n.ʣ
A line of junction formed by sewing together two pieces of material along their margins.
ߣͨرԵ϶γɵĽϴ
A similar line, ridge, or groove made by fitting, joining, or lapping together two sections along their edges.
ӷ죬죺ͨƴϡӻصγɵƵߡ߻
A suture.

A scar.
˰
A line across a surface, as a crack, fissure, or wrinkle.
ѺۣƣԽһߣխ졢ѷ
A thin layer or stratum, as of coal or rock.
㣬ú㣺һ棬úʯ
v.ʣ
seamed,seam.ing,seams 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put together with or as if with a seam.
ϣû߷һ
To mark with a groove, wrinkle, scar, or other seamlike line.
ʹƣʹ²ۡ˰̡ƻ߷״ĺۼ
To form ridges in by purling.
ڱ֯ϣ֯ߣͨڡγɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become fissured or furrowed; crack open.
ѿ϶ƣѿ
To purl.
֯
?
Middle English seme 
йӢ seme 
from Old English s?m * see  sy?- 
Դ Ӣ s?m *μ sy?- 
?
seamer
n.ʣ

= =
seaman
sea.man
AHD:[s?mn] 
D.J.[6si8m*n]
K.K.[6sim*n]
n.Nautical ʣ 
A mariner or sailor.
ˮֻԱ
Abbr. SMN
д SMN
A noncommissioned rank in the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard that is above seaman apprentice and below petty officer.
ӶԱغδھεĶԱȱںʿ
One who holds the rank of seaman, seaman apprentice, or seaman recruit.
ˮˮȱˮ±Ⱦε
?
Seaman
Sea.man
AHD:[s?mn] Elizabeth Cochrane  Pen name Nellie Bly.(1867-1922) 
D.J.[6si8m*n]
K.K.[6sim*n]
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist known for her muckraking articles in theNew York World,  particularly an expos on conditions in mental institutions. She also wrote an account of her 72-day 
journey around the world. 
ɯסƿף(1867-1922) żߣڡŦԼ硷 Ͻ¶ŵ¶ǶԷԺ¶¡йڻ72ı 

= =
seaport
sea.port
AHD:[s?p?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[6si87p%8t, -7p*&rt]
K.K.[6si7p%rt, -7port]
n.Abbr. sptʣд spt
A harbor or town having facilities for seagoing ships.
ۣӵԶ󴬲ʩĸۿڻ

= =
search
search
AHD:[s?rch] 
D.J.[sT8t.]
K.K.[sPt.]
v.ʣ
searched,search.ing,search.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a thorough examination of; look over carefully in order to find something; explore.See Synonyms at seek 
ԡг׵ļ飻Ϊҵĳϸϸز쿴Ѱμ seek
To make a careful examination or investigation of; probe:
̽ԡϸļ飻̽
search one's conscience for the right solution to the problem.
̷ʡ̽ĳȷ취
Law To make a thorough check of (a legal document); scrutinize:
ɡ 飺ԣļȫ׵ļ飻ϸģ
search a title.
Ȩ
To examine in order to find something lost or concealed.
ѰΪҵʧĳе
To examine the person or personal effects of in order to find something lost or concealed.
ѰΪҵʧĳĳ˻˲Ʋе
To come to know; learn.
ʶѧ֪
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To conduct a thorough investigation; seek:
Ѱ׵ĵ飻Ѱ
were searching for clues.
Ѱ
n.ʣ
An act of searching.
ѰѰĶ
Law The exercise of right of search.
ɡ ʹѲȨ
?
search meٵ
Used by a speaker to indicate that he or she does not have an answer to a question just asked.
ҿɲ֪˵ʾܽղűʵ
?
Middle English serchen 
йӢ serchen 
from Anglo-Norman sercher 
Դ Ӣ sercher 
variant of Old French cerchier 
 ŷ cerchierı 
from Latin circ3e [to go around] 
Դ  circ3e [ơ] 
from Latin circus [circle] 
Դ  circus [ԲȦ] 
from Greek krikos, kirkos * see  sker- 2
Դ ϣ krikos, kirkos *μ sker- 2
?
searchable
adj.ݴʣ
searcher
n.ʣ

= =
season
sea.son
AHD:[s?zn] 
D.J.[6si8z*n]
K.K.[6siz*n]
n.ʣ
One of the four natural divisions of the year, spring, summer, fall, and winter, in the North and South Temperate zones. Each season, beginning astronomically at an equinox or a 
solstice, is characterized by specific meteorological or climatic conditions.
ڣڱ´´һĸȻֶΣġÿһڶϵһƽֵΪˣصض״
The two divisions of the year, rainy and dry, in some tropical regions.
ʱڣĳЩȴһڵʱڣ꼾ں͸＾
A recurrent period characterized by certain occurrences, occupations, festivities, or crops:
Եһʱ䣬ĳЩ¼ջׯΪ
the holiday season; tomato season.
ݼ
A suitable, natural, or convenient time:
ԾڣʵġȻĻʱ䣺
a season for merriment.
ּ
A period of time:
һʱ䣺
gone for a season.
뿪һʱ
v.ʣ
sea.soned,sea.son.ing,sea.sons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To improve or enhance the flavor of (food) by adding salt, spices, herbs, or other flavorings.
ӵζϣͨΡϡݻĽǿʳƷģζ
To add zest, piquancy, or interest to:
ȤζȤζȤ
seasoned the lecture with jokes.
ЦݽȤζ
To treat or dry (lumber, for example) until ready for use; cure.
ɣʹľģֱãӹ
To render competent through trial and experience:
ʹ죺;ʹо
a lawyer who had been seasoned by years in the trial courts.
һλ˾ḻʦ
To accustom or inure; harden:
ʹӦʹӦϰߣʹǿ
troops who had been seasoned in combat.See Synonyms at harden 
սҶʯĳľӲμ harden
To moderate; temper.
ʹºͣ嵭
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become usable, competent, or tempered.
ʹããÿáо򱻻
?
in season
Available or ready for eating or other use.
ģֳɵĻ׼ʳû;
Legally permitted to be caught or hunted during a specified period.
ԲڵģĳһֶʱڿɽԲ
At the right moment; opportunely.
ʱģںʱģɵ
In heat. Used of animals.
Сڶ
out of season
Not available, permitted, or ready to be eaten, caught, or hunted.
ģֳɵġĻвܳԡץԲ
Not at the right or proper moment; inopportunely.
ʱ˵ģںʵĻȷʱģɵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French seison 
Դ ŷ seison 
from Latin sati?}  sati?n- [act of sowing] 
Դ  sati?}  sati?n- [ֵΪ] 
from satus [past participle of] serere [to plant] * see  s?- 
Դ satus  [] serereĹȥִ [ֲ] *μ s?- 

= =
seat
seat
AHD:[s?t] 
D.J.[si8t]
K.K.[sit]
n.ʣ
Something, such as a chair or bench, that may be sat on.
ΣĶӻ
A place in which one may sit.
λĵط
The right to occupy such a place or a ticket indicating this right:
ƱռøõطȨʾȨƱ֤
got seats for the concert.
ֻƱ
The part on which one rests in sitting:
ʱϵĲ֣
a bicycle seat.
г
The buttocks.
β
The part of a garment that covers the buttocks.
ӵģ󵵣·סβĲ
A part serving as the base of something else.
Ϊĳײǲ
The surface or part on which another part sits or rests.
֧һڻϵı򲿷
The place where something is located or based:
ĳĵط
The heart is the seat of the emotions.
Ǹ֮
A center of authority; a capital:
׸Ȩģ׶
the county seat.See Synonyms at center 
Ĳμ center
A place of abode or residence, especially a large house that is part of an estate:
סͣĳָΪֲһݣ
the squire's country seat.

Membership in an organization, such as a legislative body or stock exchange, that is obtained by appointment, election, or purchase.
Աʸһ֤֯ȯĻԱʸʸͨѡٻõ
The manner of sitting on a horse:
ˣϵƣ
a fox hunter with a good seat.
Ժó
v.ʣ
seat.ed,seat.ing,seats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place in or on a seat.
ʹѡλ
To cause or assist to sit down:
ʹ£ʹ£
The ushers will seat the members of the bride's family.
Աļ˾
To provide with a particular seat:
λṩһرλ
The usher seated me in the back row.
Աṩŵһλ
To have or provide seats for:
λӵлΪṩλ
We can seat 300 in the auditorium.
ÿ
To install in a position of authority or eminence.
ʹλʹȨԺյλ
To fix firmly in place:
ʹ̶λϣ
seat an ammunition clip in an automatic rifle.
ӵװԶǹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rest on or fit into another part:
װڡϣڻװһϣ
The O-rings had not seated correctly in their grooves.
OȦ޷װǵĳ
?
by the seat of (one's) pantsٵ
In a manner based on intuition and experience rather than method:
ƾоֱ;ķʽ
He ran the business by the seat of his pants.
ƾֱ
Without the use of instruments:
ùߣ
an inexperienced pilot who had to fly the aircraft by the seat of her pants.
һòͽּʻɻ޾ķԱ
?
Middle English sete 
йӢ sete 
probably from Old Norse s?ti * see  sed- 
Դ ˹ά s?ti *μ sed- 

= =
second
second 1
AHD:[sknd] 
D.J.[6sek*nd]
K.K.[6sWk*nd]
n.ʣ
Abbr. sec,sec.,sA unit of time equal to one sixtieth of a minute.See table at measurement 
д sec,sec.,s룺൱һӵʮ֮һʱ䵥λμ measurement
A brief interval of time; a moment.See Synonyms at moment 
˲䣺ʱĶ̶̼һμ moment
Abbr. sMathematics A unit of angular measure equal to one sixtieth of a minute.
д sѧ 룺Ƕȵλ൱ʮ֮һ
?
Middle English seconde 
йӢ seconde 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin (pars min?a [second (small part)] 
Դ  (pars min?a [ڶС֣] 
feminine of Latin secundus [second, following] * see  second 2
  secundusԴ [ڶ] *μ second2
?
second
second 2
AHD:[sknd] 
D.J.[6sek*nd]
K.K.[6sWk*nd]
adj.Abbr. sec.ݴʣд sec.
Coming next after the first in order, place, rank, time, or quality.
ڶģ˳򡢵ص㡢ȼʱڵһ֮
Repeating an initial instance:
ڶεģظʼεģ
a second chance.
ڶλ
Reminiscent of one that is well known:
Եģʹ˻ģ
a second George Washington; a second Waterloo.
Ρʢٵڶ¬ڶ
Alternate; other:
ģģ
every second year.
ÿһ
Inferior to another; subordinate:
εȵģһȼģεȵģ
received the title of second vice president at the bank; a leader who is second to none.
гΪڶܲã쵼
Music 
֡ 
Having a lower pitch.

Singing or playing a part having a lower range.
ڶ̵ģݳ򲿷ֵ
Having the second-highest ratio. Used of gears in a sequence.
ģеڶٶȵġڳֵĴװ
n.Abbr. sec.ʣд sec.
The ordinal number matching the number 2 in a series.
ڶ൱ڻ2
One of two equal parts.
Ȳֵһ
One that is next in order, place, time, or quality after the first.
ڶ˳򡢵ص㡢ʱ䡢Ͻڵһ
Often seconds An article of merchandise of inferior quality.
  seconds ƷӵƷ
The official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match.See Synonyms at assistant 
֣֣һξȭбߵʽԱμ assistant
Music 
֡ 
The interval between consecutive tones on the diatonic scale.
̣ȫ
A tone separated by this interval from another tone.
̴ͨһз
A combination of two such tones in notation or in harmony.
Ъۺϣ׻Ľ
The second part, instrument, or voice in a harmonized composition.
ڶںеĵڶ֡
An utterance of endorsement, as to a parliamentary motion.
ͣ޳ɣʾͬԣᶯͬ
The transmission gear or gear ratio used to produce forward speeds higher than those of first and lower than those of third in a motor vehicle.
ڶʹǰٶȱȵһ߶ȵ͵Ĵ͵򵵼
Or seconds Informal A second serving of food.
  seconds ʽ ڶˣڶϵĲ
Baseball Second base.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sec.ond.ed,sec.ond.ing,sec.onds 
To attend (a duelist or a boxer) as an aide or assistant.
֣Ϊʿȭֲֻ֣μ
To promote or encourage; reinforce.
֧֣ǿ
To endorse (a motion or nomination) as a required preliminary to discussion or vote.
޳ɣۻѡǰҪ޳ɣһĿ
[s1-k?nd] Chiefly British To transfer (a military officer, for example) temporarily.
[s1-k?nd] Ӣ Σʱɣ磬һ٣
adv.Abbr. sec.ʣд sec.
In the second order, place, or rank:
λӵڶ˳򡢵λȼϴڵڶ
finished second.
ڶ
But for one other; save one:
ڶΣ
the second highest peak.
ڶ߷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin secundus * see  sek w- 1
Դ  secundus *μ sek w- 1

= =
secondary
sec.ond.ar.y
AHD:[skn-dr?] 
D.J.[6sek*n7deri8]
K.K.[6sWk*n7dWri]
adj.Abbr. sec,sec.ݴʣд sec,sec.
Of the second rank; not primary.
ڶģڶȼģҪ
Inferior.
ӵȵ
Minor; lesser.
ҪģҪ
Derived from what is primary or original:
ӵģӳʼĻԭʼģ
a secondary source; a secondary infection.
Դ̷Ⱦ
Of, relating to, or being the shorter flight feathers projecting along the inner edge of a bird's wing.
ģڲͻĽ϶ģ֮йص
Electricity Having an induced current that is generated by an inductively coupled primary. Used of a circuit or coil.
ѧ ӦģɳȦӦĸӦġڵ·Ȧ
Chemistry Characterized or formed by replacement of two atoms or radicals within a molecule. Used of a compound.
ѧ תɵģһԭӻ缫γɵģдصġڻ
Geology Produced from another mineral by decay or alteration.
ѧ ģͨû仯һֿʲ
Of or relating to a secondary school:
еȵģѧĻ֮صģ
secondary education.
еȽ
Being a degree of health care intermediate between that offered in a physician's office and that available at a research hospital, as the care typically offered at a clinic or community 
hospital.
ҽƱģ̶ȽоҽԺҽ칫֮ģ͵ٴҽԺҽԺṩҽƱ
Botany Of, relating to, or being growth or tissue caused by activity of the cambium and resulting in wider branches and stems:
ֲѧ ģ ֯Ļշ֯մٳ֦Ҷ;ļӿ֮йصģ
secondary xylem.
ľ֯
n.ʣ
 sec.ond.ar.ies д sec,sec.
One that acts in an auxiliary, subordinate, or inferior capacity.
֣λڸͼλ
One of the shorter flight feathers projecting along the inner edge of a bird's wing.
ڲͻһ̵֧ķë
Electricity A coil or circuit having an induced current.
ѧ ӦȦиӦȦ·
Astronomy A celestial body that revolves around another; a satellite.
ѧ ǣǣΧһת壻
The dimmer star of a binary star system.
˫ϵͳ԰
Football The defensive backfield.
 魣ڶߣ
?
secondarily
AHD:[-dar-l?] ʣ
secondariness
n.ʣ

= =
secondly
sec.ond.ly
AHD:[sknd-l?] 
D.J.[6sek*ndli8]
K.K.[6sWk*ndli]
adv.ʣ
In the second place; second.
ڵڶλģ

= =
secret
se.cret
AHD:[s?kr1t] 
D.J.[6si8kr!t]
K.K.[6sikr!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Kept hidden from knowledge or view; concealed.
صģֲֵ֪ģص
Dependably discreet.
еģɿ
Operating in a hidden or confidential manner:
ܵģػܵķʽģ
a secret agent.
ʹ
Not expressed; inward:
ڵģδģڵģ
their secret thoughts.
ĵ뷨
Not frequented; secluded:
ģƫԶģ
wandered about the secret byways of Paris.
ڰƫƧС·
Known or shared only by the initiated:
ڲģֻ֪ģ
secret rites.
Ϊ֪ʽ
Beyond ordinary understanding; mysterious.
صģһģص
Containing information, the unauthorized disclosure of which poses a grave threat to national security.
ܵģ鱨ģ鱨δȨй¶ԹҰȫв
n.ʣ
Something kept hidden from others or known only to oneself or to a few.
ܣΪ֪Ϊ˺֪
Something that remains beyond understanding or explanation; a mystery.
ص͵
A method or formula on which success is based:
ؾɹķʽ
The secret of this dish is in the sauce.
ʹ˺óԵؾڵζ֭
Secret A variable prayer said after the Offertory and before the Preface in the Mass.
 Secret 棺ǰ׸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin s??tus} [from past participle of] s?cernere [to set aside] 
Դ  s??tus}  [] Դs?cernereĹȥִ [һ] 
s?- [apart] * see  s(w)e- 
s?- [롭ֿ] *μ s(w)e- 
cernere [to separate] * see  krei- 
cernere [] *μ krei- 
?
secretly
adv.ʣ
?
secret,stealthy,covert,clandestine,furtive,surreptitious,underhand
These adjectives mean deliberately hidden from view or knowledge.
Щݴָⲻ˿֪
 Secret  is the most general: 
 Secret  ͨģ 
a desk with a secret compartment;
ӣ
a secret marriage;
ܻ
secret negotiations.
̸С
Stealthy  suggests quiet, cautious deceptiveness intended to escape notice: 
Stealthy  Ϊ˱ܿעĵġƭ 
heard stealthy footsteps on the stairs.
¥ĵĽŲ
Covert  describes something that is not overt but is concealed or disguised: 
Covert  дǱػαװ 
Students protested covert actions undertaken by the CIA.
ѧǿ鱨ֵξٶ
Clandestine  implies stealth and secrecy for the concealment of an often illegal or improper purpose: 
Clandestine  ָΪڲطǷĻ򲻵ĿĶе˽»ܾٶ 
a clandestine tryst;
͵͵˽Լ᣻
clandestine intelligence operations.
ܵ鱨
Furtive  suggests the slyness, shiftiness, and evasiveness of a thief: 
Furtive  ָĽƻݺܣ 
a menacing and furtive look to his eye. Somethingsurreptitious  is stealthy, furtive, and often unseemly or unethical: 
¶вͽ ˵ĳSurreptitious ָġƻģ Ҿǲеģ 
took a surreptitious glance at his watch;
͵͵һı
the surreptitious mobilization of troops in preparation for a sneak attack.
ĶԱ׼ͻȻ͵Ϯ
Underhand  implies unfairness, deceit, fraud, or slyness as well as secrecy: 
Underhand  ʾƭթͷܣ 
achieved success in business only by resorting to underhand methods. 
ֻƭֶβܻϵĳɹ 

= =
secretary
sec.re.tar.y
AHD:[skr1-tr?] 
D.J.[6sekr!7teri8]
K.K.[6sWkr!7tWri]
n.ʣ
 sec.re.tar.ies д sec.,secy.
A person employed to handle correspondence, keep files, and do clerical work for another person or an organization.
飺ƸΪһ˻żļԱ
An officer who keeps records, takes minutes of the meetings, and answers correspondence, as for a company.
ǹ٣ܼ¼Ϊ¼ظźְԱ繫˾
An official who presides over an administrative department of state.
ƹĳһŵĹԱ
A desk with a small bookcase on top.
д̨ܵд
?
Middle English secretarie 
йӢ secretarie 
from Medieval Latin s??t3rius} [confidential officer, clerk] 
Դ  s??t3rius} [ĸԱԱ] 
from Latin s??tus} [secret] * see  secret 
Դ  s??tus} [ܵ] *μ secret
?
secretarial
AHD:[-tar?-l] ݴʣ

= =
section
sec.tion
AHD:[skshn] 
D.J.[6sek.*n]
K.K.[6sWk.*n]
n.Abbr. sec.,sect.ʣд sec.,sect.
One of several components; a piece.
Ԫ֮һһ
A subdivision of a written work.
£䣺һƪĵĶ
Law A division of a statute or code.
ɡ һһ򷨵
A distinct portion of a newspaper:
棺ֽɫ֣
the sports section.

A distinct area of a town, county, or country:
򣺳ĿֵضΣ
a residential section.
סլ
A land unit equal to one square mile (2.59 square kilometers), 640 acres, or !/36 of a township.
һƽӢصλ൱һƽӢ(2.59ƽ640ӢĶһ!/36
The act or process of separating or cutting, especially the surgical cutting or dividing of tissue.
иֿпΪָ̣а֯ṹֿп
A thin slice, as of tissue, suitable for microscopic examination.
Ƭһ΢¹۲ıƬ֯
A segment of a fruit, especially a citrus fruit.
꣺ˮƬָٵ
Representation of a solid object as it would appear if cut by an intersecting plane, so that the internal structure is displayed.
棺屻ƽиʾڲṹıʽ
Music A group of instruments or voices in the same class considered as a division of a band, an orchestra, or a choir:
֡ 飺һͬ򣬱ΪһֶӡϳŻʫһ֣
the rhythm section; the woodwind section.
ĵĲ֣ľ
A class or discussion group of students taking the same course:
ֿࣺͬγ̵һѧһС飺
She taught three sections of English composition.
Ӣд
A portion of railroad track maintained by a single crew.
·Σһӹһ·
An area in a train's sleeping car containing an upper and a lower berth.
·̳᣺·̳ᣬ̺
An army tactical unit smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad.
СӣСȰľսλ
A unit of vessels or aircraft within a division of armed forces.
ֶӣھеĺӷֶӺͺձֶӵսλ
One of two or more vehicles, such as a bus or train, given the same route and schedule, often used to carry extra passengers.
Ӱ೵ͬ·ߺг̵֮ͨһ繫𳵣˶˿
The character () used in printing to mark the beginning of a section.
ֽںţ鼮ӡˢĳһڿʼı־()
This character used as the fourth in a series of reference marks for footnotes.
Ľעעһϵвο˵бʾĸķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sec.tioned,sec.tion.ing,sec.tions 
To separate or divide into parts.
ָֳֿɼ
To cut or divide (tissue) surgically.
иаѣ֯пֿ
To shade or crosshatch (part of a drawing) to indicate sections.
棺ͨһ֣ӲͬɫȻ򻭽ƽʾ
?
Middle English seccioun 
йӢ seccioun 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin secti?}  secti?n- 
Դ  secti?}  secti?n- 
from sectus [past participle of] sec3re [to cut] * see  sek- 
Դ sectus  [] sec3reĹȥִ [и] *μ sek- 

= =
sector
sec.tor
AHD:[sktr, -t?r] 
D.J.[6sekt*, -7t%8]
K.K.[6sWkt+, -7t%r]
n.Abbr. sec.ʣд sec.
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The portion of a circle bounded by two radii and the included arc.
Σ뾶ĻɵԲһ
A measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged together at one end.
߹棺һֽп̶ȵĳ߱۽Ӻһ˶γɵĲ
A division of a defensive position for which one military unit is responsible.
һµλĲ
A division of an offensive military position.
½һ
A part or division, as of a city or a national economy:
ţһֻ֧еĻ񾭼õģ
the manufacturing sector; the private sector.
ţ˽˲
Computer Science A bit or a set of bits on a magnetic storage device making up the smallest addressable unit of information.
ѧ Դ洢豸СѰַϢԪλλ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sec.tored,sec.tor.ing,sec.tors 
To divide (something) into sectors.
֣ѣĳֳɲ
?
Late Latin 
 
from Latin [cutter] 
Դ  [и] 
from sectus [past participle of] sec3re [to cut] * see  sek- 
Դ sectus  [] sec3reĹȥִ [] *μ sek- 
?
sectorial
AHD:[-t?r?-l, -t?r-] ݴʣ

= =
secure
se.cure
AHD:[s1-ky?r] 
D.J.[s!6kj&*]
K.K.[s!6kj&r]
adj.ݴʣ
se.cur.er,se.cur.est 
Free from danger or attack:
ȫģûΣջܹģ
a secure fortress.
һȫĵﱤ
Free from risk of loss; safe:
յģʧյģȫģ
Her jewels were secure in the vault.
ڱչһʧ
Free from the risk of being intercepted or listened to by unauthorized persons:
ģδȨػ͵ģ
Only one telephone line in the embassy was secure.
ʹֻһߵ绰ûб
Free from fear, anxiety, or doubt.
ĵģӿ־塢ǻɻнѳ
Not likely to fail or give way; stable:
ȹ̵ģʧܻģ̵ģ
a secure stepladder.
ȹ̵Ľ
Firmly fastened:
յģα̶ģ
a secure lock.
յ
Reliable; dependable:
ɿģģ
secure investments.
ɿͶ
Assured; certain:
ȷŵģһģ
With three goals in the first period they had a secure victory, but somehow they lost.
ڵһǽԭΪ׼Ӯ
Archaic Careless or overconfident.
 ĵģԸģĵĻŵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
se.cured,se.cur.ing,se.cures 
To guard from danger or risk of loss:
ʹΣջʧܣ
The troops secured the area before the civilians were allowed to return.
ڰշ֮ǰӸ𱣻
To make firm or tight; fasten.See Synonyms at fasten 
գʹι̻ʹμ fasten
To make certain; ensure:
ȷţʹ϶ȷ
Despite making several good jokes, he could not secure the goodwill of the audience.
˵˼ȤЦ޷ȷǷ
To guarantee payment of (a loan, for example).
֤ģ
To guarantee payment to (a creditor).
ṩ֤֤ծȨˣ
To get possession of; acquire:
áƲȡã
secured a job.
ҵһݹ
To capture or confine:
ץ񣬼
They secured the suspect in the squad car.
ǰɷѲ߳
To bring about; effect:
ɣӰ죺
secured release of the hostages.
ͷ
To protect or ensure the privacy or secrecy of (a telephone line, for example).
ϣϣ绰ߣ˽˻˽
?
Latin s??rus} 
 s??rus} 
s?- [without] * see  s(w)e- 
s?- [û] *μ s(w)e- 
c?a [care] * see  cure 
c?a [] *μ cure
?
securable
adj.ݴʣ
securely
adv.ʣ
securement
n.ʣ
secureness
n.ʣ
securer
n.ʣ

= =
security
se.cu.ri.ty
AHD:[s1-ky?r1-t?] 
D.J.[s!6kj&*r!ti8]
K.K.[s!6kj&r!ti]
n.ʣ
 se.cu.ri.ties д sec.
Freedom from risk or danger; safety.
ȫвΣգȫ
Freedom from doubt, anxiety, or fear; confidence.
ģʡǡ־нѳ
Something that gives or assures safety, as:
ȫʩ֤ȫʩ磺
A group or department of private guards:
һһ˽˾
Call building security if a visitor acts suspicious.
жʹ绰¥Ա
Measures adopted by a government to prevent espionage, sabotage, or attack.
ʩֹƻȡĴʩ
Measures adopted, as by a business or homeowner, to prevent a crime such as burglary or assault:
ȫ豸˾ΪֹΪҹ򹥻ȡĴʩ
Security was lax at the firm's smaller plant.
ù˾СıȫȽи
Measures adopted to prevent escape:
ʩΪֹܶȡĴʩ
Security in the prison is very tight.
ķʩ
Computer Science 
ѧ 
The level to which a program or device is safe from unauthorized use.
ȫԣ豸ܷȨʹвĳ̶
Prevention of unauthorized use of a program or device.
豸ֹȨʹõĳװ
Something deposited or given as assurance of the fulfillment of an obligation; a pledge.
֤𣺸ĳһƷȷĳһĳ
One who undertakes to fulfill the obligation of another; a surety.
֤ˣŵˣ
A document indicating ownership or creditorship; a stock certificate or bond.
м֤ȯȨծȨļƱ֤֤ȯ
?
Middle English securite 
йӢ securite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin s??rit3s} 
Դ  s??rit3s} 
from s??rus} [secure] * see  secure 
Դ s??rus} [ȫ] *μ secure

= =
see
see 1
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[si8]
K.K.[si]
v.ʣ
saw[s?] seen[s?n] see.ing,sees 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive with the eye.
۾۲
To apprehend as if with the eye.
˽⣺۾
To detect by means analogous to use of the eye:
쿴ͨʹ۾Ƶ죺
an electronic surveillance camera that saw the activity in the embassy yard.
ӼӴʹԺڵһһ
To have a mental image of; visualize:
󣺴γɶԡӡ룺
They could still see their hometown as it once was.
Ȼǵǰ
To understand; comprehend:
⣻ף
I see your point.
˼
To consider to be; regard:
ѡ
Many saw her as a world leader.
˰
To believe possible; imagine:
ſܣ
I don't see him as a teacher.
Ҳʦ
To foresee:
Ԥ
I see great things for that child.
ԤǺӵδ
To know through firsthand experience; undergo:
ͨһ־֪
He saw some service on the king's side(Tucker Brooke)
Ϊ(ˡ³)
To give rise to or be characterized by:
ԡΪص㣺
Her long reign saw the heyday of verbal humor(Richard Kain)The 1930s saw the development of sulfa drugs and penicillin(Gregg Easterbrook)
ʱͳڼΪĬȫʢڡ(¡)2030ǻǰƿɵĽ׶Ρ(׸˹ز³)
To find out; ascertain:
֣϶
Please see who's knocking.
ȥ˭
Abbr. s.To refer to; read:
д s.μ
Persons interested in the book's history should see page one of the preface.
ⱾʷȤ߿ɲǰԵĵһҳ
To take note of; recognize:
ע⣻ϳ
She sees only the good aspects of the organization.
ֻע⵽֯õһ
To meet or be in the company of:
ϣ飺
I saw all my aunts and uncles at the reunion.
žʱҼеĹù
To share the companionship of often or regularly:
ԵĻ棺ں͡һ
He's been seeing the same woman for eight years.
ͬһŮԼа˸ͷ
To visit socially; call on.
ݷãʣ罻Եذݷã
To visit for consultation:
ݷãΪ˵õݷã
You ought to see your doctor more frequently.
Ӧöȥҽ
To admit or receive, as for consultation or a social visit:
ʹӼΪ˲ο罻ݷã
The doctor will see you now.
ҽھ
To attend; view:
ιۣۿ
Let's see a movie.
ǿӰȥ
To escort; attend:
飺
I'm seeing Nellie home.
ҽؼ
To make sure; take care:
أģ
See that it gets done right away.
ȷ
Games 
Ϸ 
To meet (a bet) in card games.
ͬĶעʱͬĶע
To meet the bet of (another player).
һͬĶע
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have the power to perceive with or as if with the eye.
ü۾۾۲
To understand; comprehend.
᣺⣻
To consider:
ǣ
Let's see, which suitcase should we take?
һ¸һ?
To go and look:
쿴
She had to see for herself and went into the garage.
Բ鿴߽
To ascertain; find out:
϶֣
We probably can do it, but we'll have to see.
ҲȲ
To have foresight:
Ԥ
No man can see to the end of time(John F. Kennedy)
ûԤĩա(ԼF.)
To take note.
ע
?
see about
To attend to.

To investigate.

see after
To take care of:
չˣ
Please see after the children while I'm gone.
Ҳڼʱտһº
see off
To take leave of (someone):
ΪĳˣУ
saw the guests off at the door; went to the airport to see us off.
ѿ͵ſڣȥΪ
see out
To escort (a guest) to the door:
͡ſڣͣˣſڣ
Will you please see Ms. Smith out?
ʷ˹Ůʿſں?
see through
To understand the true character or nature of:
ʶƣ⡭صԣ
We saw through his superficial charm.
Ǻı湦
To provide unstinting support, cooperation, or management in good times and bad:
ȹѣ˳ʱڸ迶֧֡밲ţ
We'll see you through until you finish your college education. I saw the project through and then resigned.
ǻֱѧҵҽƻɺʹְ
see to
To attend to:
ϣ
See to the chores, will you?
?
?
see redʽ
To be extremely angry.
ðɣŭ
?
Middle English sen 
йӢ sen 
from Old English s?n * see  sek w- 2
Դ Ӣ s?n *μ sek w- 2
?
see,behold,note,notice,espy,descry,observe,contemplate,survey,view,perceive,discern,remark
These verbs refer to being or becoming visually or mentally aware of something.
ЩָӾϻʶĳ
 See,   the most general,can mean merely to use the faculty of sightbut more often implies recognition, understanding, or appreciation: 
 See  ģָֻӾ٣ʾ֡ף 
We must . . . give the image of what we actually see  (Paul Czanne). 
һǿĶӡ ޡУ 
If I have seen further (than . . . Descartes) it is by standing upon the shoulders of Giants (Isaac Newton).
ѾȵϿøԶΪվ˾˵ļϡ ˡţ٣
 Behold   more strongly implies awareness of what is seen: 
 Behold  ǿҵذʾѱĳʶ 
My heart leaps up when I behold/A rainbow in the sky (William Wordsworth).
ҿߵһʺʱҵĲɵ Ȼ˹
 Note   andnotice  suggest close observation and a rather detailed visual or mental impression; 
 Note  notice ָеع۲ṩϸںӾӡ 
 note  in particular implies careful, systematic recording in the mind: 
 note  رʾ˼ϸġϵͳļ¼ 
Be careful to note where the road turns left.
ע·յ·ꡣ
I have noted and overridden your protests.
Ѿע⵽ƷĿ顣
She didn't notice the run in her stocking until she had arrived at the office.
˰칫Ҳע⵽ӳ˿ˡ
I notice that you're out of sorts.
ע⵽鲻á
Espy   anddescry  both stress acuteness of sight that permits the detection of something distant, partially hidden, or obscure:  
Espy  descry ǿӾԶָڲصĻģľȷԣ  
espied the misspelled Latin word in [the] letter   (Los Angeles Times); 
ڣ ĸƴ֡   ɼʱ 
the lighthouse, which can be descried from a distance (Michael Strauss).
Զܿ ˡʩ˹
 Observe  emphasizes careful, closely directed attention: 
 Observe  ǿϸеֱӹ۲죺 
I saw the pots . . . red-hot . . . and observed that they did not crack at all (Daniel Defoe).
ҿӡֺȡҷǸͲѡ ҷ𣩡
 Contemplate  implies looking attentively and thoughtfully: 
 Contemplate  ʾרĶҳ׵ؿţ 
It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes (Charles Darwin).
ͳֲڹľгҺӵ̼ΪȤ ˹ģ
 Survey  stresses detailed, often comprehensive examination: 
 Survey  ǿϸءȫļ飺 
Strickland looked away and idly surveyed the ceiling (W. Somerset Maugham).
ʷȥɨһ컨塱 (WĬءëķ
 View  usually suggests examination with a particular purpose in mind or in a special way: 
 View  ͨʾһķʽضĿȥ۲죺 
The medical examiner viewed the victim's body.
ҽܺߵʬ塣
He [man] viewed the crocodile as a thing sometimes to worship, but always to run away from   (Thomas De Quincey).
 㿴ɿԳݵĶ־Ƕ롱  ˹¡
 Perceive   anddiscern  both imply not only visual recognition but also mental comprehension;perceive  is especially associated with insight, anddiscern,  with the ability to distinguish, 
discriminate, and make judgments:  
 Perceive  discern ߶ʾӾϵʶ Ұʾ˼ϵ⣻perceive 붴أ discern жأ  
We perceived a little girl coming towards us (Frederick Marryat). 
ǱϳһСŮ ׵ˡأ 
I plainly perceive [that] some objections remain  (Edmund Burke). 
׵ؿӴʣ һЩߡ  ɡˣ 
Even with a magnifying glass I couldn't discern any imperfections in the porcelain.
ʹһŴ󾵣Ҳִܷϵκ覵㡣
Many in the audience lack the background and taste to discern a good performance of the sonata from a bad one.
ڲ˽ĻȱȤݵӡ
Remark  suggests close attention and often an evaluation of what is noticed: 
Remark  ʾеע;۲йۣ 
Their assemblies afforded me daily opportunities of remarking characters and manners (Samuel Johnson).
ǵļÿ۲ԸǵĻᡱ ѶԼѷ
?
see
see 2
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[si8]
K.K.[si]
n.ʣ
The official seat, center of authority, jurisdiction, or office of a bishop.
̵ְ̣λȨġϽ칫¥
Obsolete A cathedra.
 ̽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French se 
Դ ŷ se 
from Vulgar Latin *sedem 
Դ  *sedem 
from Latin s??s} [seat] * see  sed- 
Դ  s??s} [λ] *μ sed- 

= =
seed
seed
AHD:[s?d] 
D.J.[si8d]
K.K.[sid]
n.ʣ
 seeds  seed  
A ripened plant ovule containing an embryo.
ӣߵĳֲ
A propagative part of a plant, as a tuber or spore.
ѿߣֲķֳ֣龥
Seeds considered as a group.
ӵܳ
The seed-bearing stage of a plant.
ڣֲѵĽ׶
Something that resembles a seed, as a tiny bubble in a piece of glass or a small crystal added to a solution to start crystallization.
СݣӵĶ粣СݻҺʹʼᾧС
A source or beginning; a germ.
ѿˣ
Offspring; progeny.

Family stock; ancestry.
ϵ
Sperm; semen.
ӣҺ
A seed oyster or oysters; spat.
ĵ磻ĵ
Sports A player who has been seeded for a tournament, often at a given rank:
˶ ѡ֣Ϊĳһѡֵ˶Աͨһ
a top seed.
ͷѡ
v.ʣ
seed.ed,seed.ing,seeds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To plant seeds in (land, for example); sow.
֣ڣأУ
To plant in soil.
ֲ
To remove the seeds from (fruit).
ȥӣȥˮģ
Meteorology To sprinkle (a cloud) with particles, as of silver iodide, in order to disperse it or produce rain.
ѧ ˹꣺ÿ⻯Ӷɢƻ˹
Sports 
˶ 
To arrange (the drawing for positions in a tournament) so that the more skilled contestants meet in the later rounds.
ţţĿеĳǩӶʹĶԱڽϺļֱ
To rank (a contestant) in this way.
ѡֵıַʽţĳߣĵȼ
To help (a business, for example) in its early development.
߻ķչ׶аһҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To sow seed.

To go to seed.

adj.ݴʣ
Set aside for planting a new crop:
õģΪֲõģ
seed corn; seed wheat.
ף
Intended to help in early stages:
Эģڽ׶ģ
provided seed capital for a fledgling business.
Ϊһ𲽵ҵṩʽ
?
go to seed 
run to seed
To pass into the seed-bearing stage.
ѣѽ׶
To become weak or devitalized; deteriorate:
˥ϣ˻
The old neighborhood has gone to seed.
ھǶȥ˻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s??d} * see  s?- 
Դ Ӣ s??d} *μ s?- 

= =
seek
seek
AHD:[s?k] 
D.J.[si8k]
K.K.[sik]
v.ʣ
sought[s?t] seek.ing,seeks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To try to locate or discover; search for.
ѰңͼѰһ֣Ѱ
To endeavor to obtain or reach:
׷Ŭõﵽ
seek a college education.
ŬøߵȽ
To go to or toward:
򳯡ȥ
Water seeks its own level.
ˮʹ
To inquire for; request:
ѯʣ
seek directions from a police officer.
 򾯹ѯʷ
To try; endeavor:
ͼŬ
seek to do good.
ͼ
Obsolete To explore.
 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a search or an investigation:
ңѰ
Seek and you will find.
һңͻᷢ
?
Middle English sechen, seken 
йӢ sechen, seken 
from Old English s?n * see  s3g- 
Դ Ӣ s?n *μ s3g- 
?
seek,hunt,quest,search
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to make an effort to find something: 
Ще˼ǡŬѰĳ 
seeking information;
ѯϢ
hunting through the telephone book for a number;
ĵ绰벾һ룻
questing after treasure;
Ѱұأ
searched his face for his reaction. 
ѰķӦ 

= =
seem
seem
AHD:[s?m] 
D.J.[si8m]
K.K.[sim]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
seemed,seem.ing,seems 
To give the impression of being; appear:
ƺ
The child seems healthy, but the doctor is concerned.
ӿܽҽܽ
To appear to one's own opinion or mind:
о󣬾ĳ˿󣺱ĳԼĹ۵˼룺
I can't seem to get the story straight.
Һ
To appear to be true, probable, or evident:
ƺġܵĻԶ׼ģ
It seems you object to the plan. It seems like rain. He seems to have worked in sales for several years.
󷴶ƻҪꡣ۲
To appear to exist:
ƺڣ
There seems no reason to postpone it.
ƺûƳ
?
Middle English semen 
йӢ semen 
from Old Norse s?ma [to conform to] 
Դ ˹ά s?ma [Ӧ롭һ] 
from s?mr [fitting] * see  sem- 1
Դ s?mr [ʵ] *μ sem- 1
?
seem,appear,look
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to present the appearance of being: 
Ще˼ǡṩڵı󡱣 
seems angry;
ƺ
appears skeptical;
ȥܻɣ
looks happy. 
Ҹ 

= =
segment
seg.ment
AHD:[sgmnt] 
D.J.[6segm*nt]
K.K.[6sWgm*nt]
n.ʣ
Any of the parts into which something can be divided:
֣ƬĳЩɱָһƬ
segments of the community; a segment of a television program.
ɲ֣ӽĿһƬ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The portion of a line between any two points on the line.
߶ΣĲ
The area bounded by a chord and the arc of a curve subtended by the chord.
ΣΣԵҺͻߵĻɵ
The portion of a sphere cut off by two parallel planes.
ȱƽƽиһ
Biology A clearly differentiated subdivision of an organism or part, such as a metamere.
ѧ ڣĳһٻλٷֵĲ֣Ƭ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
seg.ment.ed,seg.ment.ing,seg.ments[sg-mnt]  
To divide or become divided into segments.
иָʹָɺܶಿ
?
Latin segmentum 
 segmentum 
from sec3e [to cut] * see  sek- 
Դ sec3e [У] *μ sek- 
?
segmentary
AHD:[-mn-tr?] ݴʣ

= =
segregate
seg.re.gate
AHD:[sgr1-g3t] 
D.J.[6segr!7ge!t]
K.K.[6sWgr!7get]
v.ʣ
seg.re.gat.ed,seg.re.gat.ing,seg.re.gates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group.See Synonyms at isolate 
룬룺˻зָμ isolate
To impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society.
ǿƸ룺ǿȣһײ㣩ײ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become separated from a main body or mass.
룺Ҫз
To practice a policy of racial segregation.
ʵ
Genetics To undergo genetic segregation.
Ŵѧ 򣩷룺
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[-g1t, -g3t] 
Separated; isolated.
ֿģ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-g1t, -g3t] 
One that is or has been segregated.
ˣ
Genetics See  segregant 
Ŵѧ μ  segregant
?
Latin s?3re}  s?greg3t- 
 s?3re}  s?greg3t- 
s?- [apart] * see  s(w)e- 
s?- [ֿ] *μ s(w)e- 
grex  greg- [flock] * see  ger- 
grex  greg- [һȺ] *μ ger- 
?
segregative
adj.ݴʣ
segregator
n.ʣ

= =
seize
seize
AHD:[s?z] 
D.J.[si8z]
K.K.[siz]
v.ʣ
seized,seiz.ing,seiz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grasp suddenly and forcibly; take or grab:
ץס׽סͻȻأץסûץס
seize a sword.
ץס
To grasp with the mind; apprehend:
գ⣺˼գ
seize an idea and develop it to the fullest extent.
һ⣬
To possess oneself of (something):
ץסʹԼռУĳ
seize an opportunity.
ץס
To have a sudden, overwhelming effect on:
Ӱ죺ͻȻѹһеЧ
a heinous crime that seized the minds and emotions of the populace.
һʮĴϰǿҷ
To overwhelm physically:
Ϯѹ
a person who was seized with a terminal disease.
һڼŵ
To take into custody; capture.
񣻷²
To take quick and forcible possession of; confiscate:
ûգ⣺ѸٺǿռУ⣺
seize a cache of illegal drugs.
Ƿҩش
Also seise [s?z] 
 Ҳ seise [s?z] 
To put (one) into possession of something.
ռУʹĳˣռĳ
To vest ownership of a feudal property in.
ܷ⣺ʹԷ⽨ƲȨ
Nautical To bind with turns of small line.
 ϸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lay sudden or forcible hold of.
ץסȡȡͻȻץס
To cohere or fuse with another part as a result of high pressure or temperature and restrict or prevent further motion or flow.
סҧסѹȶӻںϣӶƻֹһƶ
To come to a halt:
ֹֹͣ
The talks seized up and were rescheduled.
̸ֹ°
?
Middle English seisen 
йӢ seisen 
from Old French seisir [to take possession] 
Դ ŷ seisir [ռ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
seizable
adj.ݴʣ
seizer
n.ʣ

= =
seldom
sel.dom
AHD:[sldm] 
D.J.[6seld*m]
K.K.[6sWld*m]
adv.ʣ
Not often; infrequently or rarely.See Usage Note at rarely 
ٻѵòμ rarely
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Infrequent; rare.
еģϡе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English seldum 
Դ Ӣ seldum 
alteration of seldan 
 seldanı仯 
?
seldomness
n.ʣ

= =
select
se.lect
AHD:[s1-lkt] 
D.J.[s!6lekt]
K.K.[s!6lWkt]
v.ʣ
se.lect.ed,se.lect.ing,se.lects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take as a choice from among several; pick out.
ѡѡӼѡһѡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a choice or selection.See Synonyms at choose 
ѡѡμ choose
adj.Abbr. sel.ݴʣд sel.
Singled out in preference; chosen:
ѡģѡģ
a select few.
ѡ
Of special quality or value; choice:
ŵȵģƷʻֵģѡģ
select peaches.
ŵ
Of or relating to a lean grade of beef.
ţĻ֮ص
n.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
One that is preferred or chosen in preference to others or because of special value. Often used withthe.  
ѡˣѡϲĻֵ˻the  
?
Latin s?e  s?l?ct- 
 s?e  s?l?ct- 
s?- [apart] * see  s(w)e- 
s?- [ֿ] *μ s(w)e- 
legere [to choose] * see  leg- 
legere [ѡ] *μ leg- 
?
selectable
adj.ݴʣ
selectness
n.ʣ

= =
selection
se.lec.tion
AHD:[s1-lkshn] 
D.J.[s!6lek.*n]
K.K.[s!6lWk.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of selecting or the fact of having been selected.
ѡѡѡΣѡεΪʵѡεʵ
One that is selected.
ѡ˻
A carefully chosen or representative collection of people or things.See Synonyms at choice 
ѡƷӢһȺ˻һЩƷϸѡĻдԵϲμ choice
A literary or musical text chosen for reading or performance.
ѡѡΣƬϣѡΪʶݵѧƬ
Biology A natural or artificial process that favors or induces survival and perpetuation of one kind of organism over others that die or fail to produce offspring.
ѧ ѡ̭ʹһлͷֳʹֳܷȻĻ˹Ĺ

= =
self
self
AHD:[slf] 
D.J.[self]
K.K.[sWlf]
n.ʣ
 selves[slvz]  
The total, essential, or particular being of a person; the individual:
Լ壺һġҪĻصĴڣˣ
An actor's instrument is the self(Joan Juliet Buck)
ԱĹԼ(ҶͿ)
The essential qualities distinguishing one person from another; individuality:
ԣʣԣʹһһ˵ıزٵƷʣԣ
He would walk a little first along the southern walls, shed his European self, fully enter this world(Howard Kaplan)
ԸǽһΣڲŷޱԣȫͶ뵽С(¡)
One's consciousness of one's own being or identity; the ego:
ңʶԼĴڻݵʶʶ
For some of us, the self's natural doubts are given in mesmerizing amplification by way of critics' negative assessments of our writing(Joyce Carol Oates)
еЩ˵ʶͨۼǶƷķ۶Ի¶(˿޶´)
One's own interests, welfare, or advantage:
˽˽ģ˽ĳԼ桢ôƣ
thinking of self alone.
ֻԼĵʧ
Immunology That which the immune system identifies as belonging to the body:
ѧ 壺ϵͳ϶ģ
tissues no longer recognized as self.
Ǳ֯
pron.ʣ
Myself, yourself, himself, or herself:
ԼԼԼ
a living wage for self and family.
άԼͼͥԱĹ
adj.ݴʣ
Of the same character throughout.
ʼһģʲ
Of the same material as the article with which it is used:
ͬһ͵ģͬһʵصģʹõĶΪͬһʵصģ
a dress with a self belt.
һͬʵŮ
Obsolete Same or identical.
 ͬһģͬ
?
Middle English [selfsame] 
йӢ [ȫͬģͬһ] 
from Old English * see  s(w)e- 
Դ Ӣ *μ s(w)e- 

= =
selfish
self.ish
AHD:[slf1sh] 
D.J.[6self!.]
K.K.[6sWlf!.]
adj.ݴʣ
Concerned chiefly or only with oneself:
˽ģȿԼֻԼģ
Selfish men were . . . trying to make capital for themselves out of the sacred cause of human rights(Maria Weston Chapman)
˽ͼʥȨҵΪԼĲ(ǡΤ˹ǡ)
Arising from, characterized by, or showing selfishness:
˽ģڡֻ¶˽ģ
a selfish whim.
˽Ĺͷ
?
selfishly
adv.ʣ
selfishness
n.ʣ

= =
sell
sell
AHD:[sl] 
D.J.[sel]
K.K.[sWl]
v.ʣ
sold[s?ld] sell.ing,sells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent.
ۣǮｻ򽻸
To offer for sale, as for one's business or livelihood:
Ϊĳ˵Ƴۣ
The partners sell textiles.
ϻ˾֯Ʒ
To give up or surrender in exchange for a price or reward:
Ϊĳһֵرڽз
sell one's soul to the devil.
Լħ
To be responsible for the sale of; promote successfully:
ٽۣɹ
Publicity sold that product.
ֲƷ
To persuade (another) to recognize the worth or desirability of:
˵Ȱ˵ʹˣʶֵŵ㣺
They sold me on the idea.
˵ҽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exchange ownership for money or its equivalent; engage in selling.
ףۣΪǮȨ
To be sold or be on sale:
ۣۣ
Grapes are selling high this season.
úܹ
To attract prospective buyers; be popular on the market:
·Ǳڹߣгƿõģ
an item that sells well.
·ܺõƷ
To be approved of; gain acceptance.
ܣ
n.ʣ
The activity of selling.
ۣ۵Ϊ
An instance of selling:

The political sell isn't ordinary marketing(Brad Edmondson)
ɲͨгӪ(¡ɭ)
Slang An item that sells in a particular way:
ٵ Σһʽ۵ĲƷ
a book that turned out to be a difficult sell.
·ܲõһ
?
sell off
To get rid of by selling, often at reduced prices.
˦ͨǽͳ
sell out
To put all of one's goods or possessions up for sale.
̵̣꣺дƲȫ
Slang To betray one's cause or colleagues:
ٵ Լͬ£
He sold out to the other side.
ԼͶһȥ
?
sell a bill of goodsʽ
To take unfair advantage of.
ռ
sell down the riverʽ
To betray the true trust or faith of.

sell short
To contract for the sale of securities or commodities one expects to own at a later date and at more advantageous terms.
գͬԼԺĳʱŻӵе֤ȯƷԱý
To underestimate the true value or worth of:
͹ӣ͹ĳ˻ģֵӣ
Don't sell your colleague short; she's a smart lawyer.
͹ͬ£Ǹʦ
?
Middle English sellen 
йӢ sellen 
from Old English sellan [to give, sell] 
Դ Ӣ sellan [] 
?
sellable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
seller
sell.er
AHD:[slr] 
D.J.[6sel*]
K.K.[6sWl+]
n.ʣ
One that sells; a vendor.
ߣС
An item that sells in a certain way:
ĳַʽ۵ĲƷ
This washing machine has been an excellent seller.
ϴ»·

= =
semester
se.mes.ter
AHD:[s-mstr] 
D.J.[s*6mest*]
K.K.[s*6mWst+]
n.ʣ
One of two divisions of 15 to 18 weeks each of an academic year.
ѧڣһѧ֮һ1518
?
German 
 
from Latin (cursus) s??stris} [(course) of six months] 
Դ  (cursus) s??stris} [µģ̣] 
from *sex-m?s 
Դ *sex-m?s 
s?- [six]  from sex * see  s(w)eks 
s?- []  Դ sex *μ s(w)eks 
m?s [month] * see  m?- 2
m?s [] *μ m?- 2

= =
semiconductor
sem.i.con.duc.tor
AHD:[sm?-kn-d?ktr, smo-] 
D.J.[7semi8k*n6dJkt*, 7sema!-]
K.K.[7sWmik*n6dJkt+, 7sWma!-]
n.ʣ
Any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.
뵼壺һֹ̬ᾧʣ裬䵼ǿھԵ嵫
?
semiconducting
adj.ݴʣ

= =
seminar
sem.i.nar
AHD:[sm-n?r] 
D.J.[6sem*7n$8]
K.K.[6sWm*7n$r]
n.ʣ
A small group of advanced students in a college or graduate school engaged in original research or intensive study under the guidance of a professor who meets regularly with them to 
discuss their reports and findings.
оࣺѧԺоԺڽڵָ£¿оѧϰһСȺȽѧڶǵıͷ
A course of study so pursued.
оγ̣ѧϰĿγ
A scheduled meeting of such a group.
оרۻ᣺оۻ
A meeting for an exchange of ideas; a conference.
ۻ᣺˼Ļ飻ۻ
?
German 
 
from Latin s?3rium} [seed plot] * see  seminary 
Դ  s?3rium} [紲] *μ seminary

= =
senate
sen.ate
AHD:[sn1t] 
D.J.[6sen!t]
K.K.[6sWn!t]
n.Abbr. sen.,Sen.ʣд sen.,Sen.
An assembly or a council of citizens having the highest deliberative and legislative functions in a government, specifically:
ߵӵܵĹ»ᣬرָ
Senate The upper house of the U.S. Congress, to which two members are elected from each state by popular vote for a six-year term.
 Senate ԺԺÿͨͶƱѡĲԱ
Often Senate The upper house in the bicameral legislature of many states in the United States.
  Senate ԺһЩݵԺеԺ
Senate The upper legislative house in Canada, France, and some other countries.
 Senate Ժô󣬷һЩеԺԺ
The supreme council of state of the ancient Roman Republic and later of the Roman Empire.
ԪԺ͹Լ۹Ĺ
The building or hall in which such a council or assembly meets.
Ժ»ٿĽ
A governing, advisory, or disciplinary body of some colleges and universities composed of faculty members and sometimes student representatives.
ѧ᣺ĳЩѧԺʹѧȫԱѧεԱʱѧɵĹʣɻ
?
Middle English senat 
йӢ senat 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sen3s 
Դ  sen3s 
from senex  sen- [old, an elder] * see  sen- 
Դ senex  sen- [ϵģһ] *μ sen- 

= =
senator
sen.a.tor
AHD:[sn-tr] 
D.J.[6sen*t*]
K.K.[6sWn*t+]
n.Abbr. sen.,Sen.ʣд sen.,Sen.
A member of a senate.
ԱԺĳԱ
?
senatorship
n.ʣ

= =
send
send 1
AHD:[snd] 
D.J.[send]
K.K.[sWnd]
v.ʣ
sent[snt] send.ing,sends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to be conveyed by an intermediary to a destination:
ͣùʹ͵Ŀĵأ
send goods by plane.
÷ɻͻ
To dispatch, as by a communications medium:
ͣͨѶý鷢ͣ
send a message by radio.
ͨߵ緢Ϣ
To direct to go on a mission:
ǲִ
sent troops into the Middle East.
ǲȥж
To require or enable to go:
ɣҪȥ
sent her children to college.
ĺϴѧ
To direct (a person) to a source of information; refer:
飬ܣָĳˣϢĳָ㣺
sent the student to the reference section of the library.
ѧȥͼݵĲο
To give off (heat, for example); emit or issue:
ųųȣɢų
a stove that sends forth great warmth.
ͷų޴ܵ¯
To utter or otherwise emit (sound):
ɢ
sent forth a cry of pain.
ʹĽ
To hit so as to direct or propel with force; drive:
ͣʹôƶ
The batter sent the ball to left field. The slap on my back sent me staggering.
ְ߳ءұϵһʹҡλ
To cause to take place or occur:
ʹ
We will meet whatever vicissitudes fate may send.
ܷʲô˱ǨǶӭս
To put or drive into a given state or condition:
ʹڸ״̬ڻʹڸ״̬״
horrifying news that sent them into a panic.
ʹ˿ֲϢʹ뾪
Slang To transport with delight; carry away:
ٵ ʹ˷ܣʹϲʹʧȥƣ
That music really sends me.
ʹ˷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dispatch someone to do an errand or convey a message:
ǲ˰򴫵Ϣ
Let's send out for hamburgers.
ȥҺ
To dispatch a request or an order, especially by mail:
ָʼ
send away for a new catalogue.
żҪµĿ¼
To transmit a message or messages:
ϢһϢ
The radio operator was still sending when the ship went down.
ûʱߵԱڷϢ
?
send down Ӣ
To suspend or dismiss from a university.
Ӵѧֹͣѧ򿪳
send for
To request to come by means of a message or messenger; summon.
ٻͨͨѶ
send in
To cause to arrive or to be delivered to the recipient:
ʹͣʹ򱻴͵ߣ
Let's send in a letter of protest.
ǵһ⿹
Sports To put (a player) into or back into a game or contest:
˶ ѡֲμӱͣѡ֣ص
The coach is sending in the kicker.
߲μӱ
To cause (someone) to arrive in or become involved in a particular place or situation:
ʹ룺ʹĳˣرĳ򻷾
The commander sent in the sappers. It's time to send in the lawyers.
ָԱȥǸȥʦʱ
send up ʽ
To send to jail:
̣
was sent up for 20 years.
20
To make a parody of:
׾ӵģ£
grandiloquently eccentric but witty verbiage . . . that would send up the nastiness of suburban London(New York)
ŹŹֵĴʡǶ׶ӹ׵׾ӵģ¡(ŦԼ)
?
send flyingʽ
To cause to be knocked or scattered about with force:
ʹɢʹײʹĴɢ
a blow to the table that sent the dishes flying.
ϵһȭʹĴɽ
send packing
To dismiss (someone) abruptly.
ͻȻͣĳˣ
?
Middle English senden 
йӢ senden 
from Old English sendan * see  sent- 
Դ Ӣ sendan *μ sent- 
?
sender
n.ʣ
?
send,dispatch,forward,route,ship,transmit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause to go or be taken to a destination: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡʹ򱻴Ŀĵء 
sent the package by parcel post;
ʰͰ
dispatched a union representative to the factory;
ǲȥ
forwarding the mail to their new address;
ʼµַ
routed the soldiers through New York;
ǲʿŦԼ
shipping oil in tankers;
ʯͣ
transmitting money by cable. 
 
?
send
send 2
AHD:[snd] 
D.J.[send]
K.K.[sWnd]
v.ʣ
n.Nautical ʣ 
Variant of scend 
 scendı

= =
senior
sen.ior
AHD:[s?nyr] 
D.J.[6si8nj*]
K.K.[6sinj+]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. Sr.,sr.Of, relating to, or being the older of two, especially the older of two persons having the same name, as father and son.
д Sr.,sr.곤ģڡڻʹЩģֵָͬˣ縸
Abbr. sen.,Sen.
д sen.,Sen.
Being in a position, rank, or grade above others of the same set or class:
λϸߵģͬһͬһдڱ˸ߵְλȼ򼶱ģ
a senior officer; the senior ship in the battle group.
һλ߼٣սȺнϸ߼Ĵ
Having precedence in making certain decisions.
ģضľдλõ
Abbr. sen.,Sen.,Sr.,sr.Of or relating to the fourth and last year of high school or college:
д sen.,Sen.,Sr.,sr.꼶ģڻѧѧĵһģ
our senior class.
ǵıҵ
n.ʣ
Abbr. sen.,Sen.
д sen.,Sen.
A person who is older than another:
곤ߣһ곤ˣ
She is eight years my senior.
곤
A senior citizen:
ߣ곤Ĺ
The interests of seniors tend to be . . . varied . . . Their energy levels . . . can be every bit as intense as those expended by younger people(Elaine Sherman)
˵ȤڡʵġǵľˮƽʹһҲѷɫ(ᡤл)
Abbr. sen.,Sen.,Sr.,sr.
д sen.,Sen.,Sr.,sr.
One that is of a higher position, rank, or grade than another in the same set or class.
ϼͬһдڱһ˸ߵְλȼ򼶱
A student in the fourth year of high school or college.
꼶ѧѧ꼶ѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin [comparative of] senex [old] * see  sen- 
Դ   [] senexıȽϼ [ϵ] *μ sen- 

= =
sensation
sen.sa.tion
AHD:[sn-s3shn] 
D.J.[sen6se!.*n]
K.K.[sWn6se.*n]
n.ʣ
A perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition:
ооٵĴ̼ض״̬صĸо
the sensation of heat; a visual sensation.
ȵĸоӾ
The faculty to feel or perceive; physical sensibility:
֪оĹܣĸ
The patient has very little sensation left in the right leg.
˵ȼû֪
An indefinite, generalized body feeling:
оȷġһ㻯о
a sensation of lightness.
Թĸо
A state of heightened interest or emotion:
ߵȤ״̬
The anticipation produced in me a sensation somewhat between bliss and fear(James Weldon Johnson)
ڴʹҲ˽Ҹ־֮ļ(ղķ˹ΤǡԼѷ)
A state of intense public interest and excitement:
䶯ɧŨȤ˷ܵ״̬
The purser made a sensation as sailors like to do, by predicting a storm(Evelyn Waugh)
񳤹ڱԤˮֳеɧ(ա)
A cause of such interest and excitement.See Synonyms at wonder 
䶯Ȥ˷ܵԭμ wonder
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin s?3ti?}  s?ns3ti?n- 
Դ  s?3ti?}  s?ns3ti?n- 
from Late Latin s?3tus} [gifted with sense] * see  sensate 
Դ  s?3tus} [о] *μ sensate

= =
sense
sense
AHD:[sns] 
D.J.[sens]
K.K.[sWns]
n.ʣ
Any of the faculties by which stimuli from outside or inside the body are received and felt, as the faculties of hearing, sight, smell, touch, taste, and equilibrium.
оܺ͸оڴ̼ζƽĹ
A perception or feeling produced by a stimulus; sensation:
оɴ̼ĸо֪о
a sense of fatigue and hunger.
ƣͺͼĸо
senses The faculties of sensation as means of providing physical gratification and pleasure.
 senses ܣΪṩͿֵĸоĹ
Intuitive or acquired perception or ability to estimate:
ֱʶֱĻѻõĹƵ
a sense of diplomatic timing.
ʱʶ
A capacity to appreciate or understand:
ͻ
a keen sense of humor.
Ĭ
A vague feeling or presentiment:
ãģĸоԤУ
a sense of impending doom.
ԼĶ˵Ԥ
Recognition or perception either through the senses or through the intellect; consciousness:
ʶͨйٻȷϻоʶ
has no sense of shame.
ûܸ߳
Often senses Normal ability to think or reason soundly; correct judgment:
  senses ǣȷ˼ȷж
Come to your senses.
ص
Something sound or reasonable:
Ļе
There's no sense in waiting three hours.
Сʱǲ
A meaning that is conveyed, as in speech or writing; signification:
壺Ҫ˼˵ѧƷУ壺
The sense of the novel is the inevitability of human tragedy.
С˵ĺ౯Ĳɱ
One of the meanings of a word or phrase:
˼ʻһ˼
The wordset  has many senses. See Synonyms at meaning 
set кܶ˼ μ meaning
Judgment; consensus:
棻һ
sounding out the sense of the electorate on capital punishment.
оΪ
Intellectual interpretation, as of the significance of an event or the conclusions reached by a group:
һȺĶ¼ҪԻ۵ǽͣ
I came away from the meeting with the sense that we had resolved all outstanding issues.
Ľǽδ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sensed,sens.ing,sens.es 
To become aware of; perceive.
оʶо
To grasp; understand.
⣻
To detect automatically:
Զ⣺
sense radioactivity.
Զ
?
Middle English [meaning] 
йӢ [˼] 
from Old French sens 
Դ ŷ sens 
from Latin s?s [the faculty of perceiving] [from past participle of] sentore [to feel] * see  sent- 
Դ  s?s [оĹ]  [] ԴsentoreĹȥִ [о] *μ sent- 

= =
sensible
sen.si.ble
AHD:[sns-bl] 
D.J.[6sens*b*l]
K.K.[6sWns*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Perceptible by the senses or by the mind.
ɾģͨоǲõ
Readily perceived; appreciable.
ײģ͵
Having the faculty of sensation; able to feel or perceive.
֪ģиоܵģܸо
Having a perception of something; cognizant:
ʶģжĳĸоģ֪ģ
I am sensible that a good deal more is still to be done(Edmund Burke)See Synonyms at aware 
ʶҪ(ɡ)μ aware
Acting with or exhibiting good sense:
ǵģǵжǵģ
a sensible person; a sensible choice.
ͨˣǵľ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin s?s 
Դ  s?s 
from s?s [sense] * see  sense 
Դ s?s [о] *μ sense
?
sensibleness
n.ʣ
sensibly
adv.ʣ

= =
sensitive
sen.si.tive
AHD:[sns1-t1v] 
D.J.[6sens!t!v]
K.K.[6sWns!t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of perceiving with a sense or senses.
иоģøйо
Responsive to external conditions or stimulation.
еģ״̼зӦ
Susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of others.
еģ˵̬ȡӰ
Quick to take offense; touchy.
ģŭ
Easily irritated:
ʹģ
sensitive skin.
ԵƤ
Readily altered by the action of an agent:
ģһصĻıģ
film that is sensitive to light.
׸йĽƬ
Registering very slight differences or changes of condition. Used of an instrument.
ȸߵģʾĺϸ΢Ĳıġ
Fluctuating or tending to fluctuate, as in price:
ײģĻڲģ۸
sensitive stocks.
ĹƱ
Of or relating to classified information:
ܵģڻڻ鱨ģ
sensitive defense data; holds a sensitive position in the State Department.
ܵݣڹԺе漰߶Ȼְܵλ
n.ʣ
A sensitive person.
е
One held to be endowed with psychic or occult powers.
ˣͨĻȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French sensitif 
Դ ŷ sensitif 
from Medieval Latin s?ovus} 
Դ  s?ovus} 
from Latin s?s [sense] * see  sense 
Դ  s?s [о] *μ sense
?
sensitively
adv.ʣ
sensitiveness
n.ʣ

= =
sentence
sen.tence
AHD:[sntns] 
D.J.[6sent*ns]
K.K.[6sWnt*ns]
n.ʣ
A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb.
ӣ䷨϶﷨λһҪһһ޶ʵνʹ
Law 
ɡ 
A court judgment, especially a judicial decision of the punishment to be inflicted on one adjudged guilty.
оͥоָо˼ԴķԺ̷
The penalty meted out.
̷̣
Archaic A maxim.
 
Obsolete An opinion, especially one given formally after deliberation.
 ָһϸǺʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sen.tenced,sen.tenc.ing,sen.tenc.es ɡ 
To pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged guilty).See Synonyms at condemn 
оԣжˣоμ condemn
?
Middle English [opinion] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sententia 
Դ  sententia 
from senti?s  sentient- [present participle of] sentore [to feel] * see  sent- 
Դ senti?s  sentient-  [] sentoreڷִ [о] *μ sent- 
?
sentential
AHD:[sn-tnshl] ݴʣ
sententially
adv.ʣ

= =
sentiment
sen.ti.ment
AHD:[snt-mnt] 
D.J.[6sent*m*nt]
K.K.[6sWnt*m*nt]
n.ʣ
A cast of mind; general mental disposition:
ʣձľ
Anti-American sentiment is running high in some countries.
һЩԽԽ
An opinion about a specific matter; a view.See Synonyms at opinion 
۸Уĳһض¼۵μ opinion
A thought, a view, or an attitude based on feeling or emotion instead of reason.
룺ڸǵ˼롢۵̬
The emotional import of a passage.
ɫʣһеĸ
Susceptibility to tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling.
˸Ļ򻳾
An expression of such susceptibility.
˸ı
Emotion that borders on mawkishness.
ƸУӽ˸е
Romantic, nostalgic feeling verging on sentimentality.
ˣӽƸеɵ
The expression of delicate and sensitive feeling, especially in art and literature.See Synonyms at feeling 
Ȥ΢ĺееıָѧвμ feeling
A vague feeling or awareness; sensation:
ܣģĸʶо
overpowered by an intense sentiment of horror(Edgar Allan Poe)
ǿҵĿ־ѹ(¼ӡס)
?
Middle English sentement 
йӢ sentement 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin sentom 
Դ  sentom 
from Latin sentoe [to feel] * see  sent- 
Դ  sentoe [о] *μ sent- 

= =
separate
sep.a.rate
AHD:[sp-r3t] 
D.J.[6sep*7re!t]
K.K.[6sWp*7ret]
v.ʣ
sep.a.rat.ed,sep.a.rat.ing,sep.a.rates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set or keep apart; disunite.
ָû򱣳ָʹ
To space apart; scatter:
ɢѡָʹɢ
small farms that were separated one from another by miles of open land.
Сũǵطɢڿ
To sort:
ࣺ
separate mail by postal zones.
ּʼ
To differentiate or discriminate between; distinguish:
֣ڡֻ֮ʶ
a researcher who separated the various ethnic components of the population sample.
˿иɷݵоԱ
To remove from a mixture or combination; isolate.
ӻз룻ʹ
To part (a couple), often by decree:
룬룺ʹһԷ򸾣룬ͨͨ
She was separated from her husband last year.
ȥɷ
To terminate a contractual relationship, as military service, with; discharge.
롭ֹԼϵӷۣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come apart.
ж
To withdraw:
룺
The state threatened to separate from the Union.
вҪ
To part company; disperse.
룻ɢ
To stop living together as spouses.
־ӣֹͣΪżͬ
To become divided into components or parts:
ֿֿΪɷݻ򲿷֣
Oil and water tend to separate.
ͺˮڻ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[spr-1t, spr1t] д sep.
Set or kept apart; disunited.
ָģû򱣳ַָģ
Existing as an independent entity.
ģΪһĸڵ
Often Separate Having undergone schism or estrangement from a parent body:
  Separate ɵģΪԨԴĸѻԶģ
Separate churches.
ɽ̻
Dissimilar from all others; distinct:
ģеĸ岻Ƶģͬģ
a policeman's way of being separate from you even when he was being nice(John le Carr)
ʹܺͰʱҲ㲻ͬ(Լա)
Not shared; individual:
ģǹģģ
two people who held separate views on the issue.
ָ۵
Archaic Withdrawn from others; solitary.
 ӵģ˸ģӵ
n.ʣ
AHD:[spr-1t, spr1t] д sep.
A garment, such as a skirt, jacket, or pair of slacks, that may be purchased separately and worn in various combinations with other garments.
ţǷֱ·ϴɸִĵ·ȹӡѿ
?
Middle English separaten 
йӢ separaten 
from Latin s?3tus} [past participle of] s?par3re 
Դ  s?3tus}  [] s?par3reĹȥִ 
s?- [apart] * see  s(w)e- 
s?- [뿪] *μ s(w)e- 
par3e [to prepare] * see  per- 1
par3e [׼] *μ per- 1
?
separately
adv.ʣ
separateness
n.ʣ
?
separate,divide,part,sever,sunder,divorce
These verbs are compared as they mean to become or cause to become parted, disconnected, or disunited.
ЩΪûʹ÷ֿģϿĻʱɶǽбȽϡ
 Separate  applies both to putting apart and to keeping apart: 
 Separate  ָΪĺͱģ 
In the darkness and confusion, the bands of these commanders became separated from each other (Washington Irving). 
ںҹУǰָ߻롱 ʢ١ŷģ 
The Pyrenees separate France and Spain.
ţ˹ֿ
The child's parents have separated.
⺢ӵĸĸѾ־ˡ
Divide   implies separation by or as if by cutting, splitting, or branching into parts, portions, or shares;the term is often used to refer to separation into opposing or hostile groups: 
Divide  ʾͨͨпָγɼ֡ݶ򼸷룻ʾָԵĻжԵ飺 
We divided the orange into segments.
ǽӷֳɼ֡
[The rich] divide with the poor the produce of all their improvements  (Adam Smith). 
 ˷ũƷ  ǵʷ˹ 
A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free (Abraham Lincoln).
ѵķӲάԭ״õİūɵĴڡ ǲֿϣ
 Part   refers most often to the separation of closely associated persons or things: 
 Part  ָܹϵ˻µķ룺 
None shall part us from each other  (W.S. Gilbert). 
ûʲôܽǷֿ (WSأ 
I remember the way we parted  (Algernon Swinburne).
ҼǵǷֿΡ ũ˹²
 Sever   usually implies abruptness and force in the cutting off of a part from the whole or the breaking up of an association or a relationship: 
 Sever  ָͨеһֻɢһϻϵеͻȻԺ 
His head was nearly severed from his body  (H.G. Wells). 
ͷ롱 (HGΤ˹ 
The United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961.
1961жͬŰ͵⽻ϵ
Sunder  stresses violent tearing or wrenching apart: 
Sunder  ǿҵ˺ѻš 
The country was sundered by civil war into two embattled states.
ұսΪԴ
Divorce  implies the separation of the elements of a relationship or union: 
Divorce  ָһϵ˵ɳɷֵķ룺 
a priest and a soldier, two classes of men circumstantially divorced from the kind and homely ties of life (Robert Louis Stevenson).See also Synonyms at  distinct ,single 
񸸺ʿײʵϴʴȺͼҳĹϵֿ ޲ء·˹˹ɭμͬ distinct,single

= =
separation
sep.a.ra.tion
AHD:[sp-r3shn] 
D.J.[7sep*6re!.*n]
K.K.[7sWp*6re.*n]
n.Abbr. sep.ʣд sep.
The act or process of separating.
룺Ϊ
The condition of being separated.

The place at which a division or parting occurs.
ָָ뷢ĵص
An interval or a space that separates; a gap.
϶ָĿ϶ռ䣻ȱ
Law An agreement or a court decree terminating a spousal relationship.
ɡ ־ӣֹżϵЭԺķ
Discharge, as from employment or military service.
飺ӹӶϵְ

= =
sequence
se.quence
AHD:[s?kwns, -kwns] 
D.J.[6si8kw*ns, -7kwens]
K.K.[6sikw*ns, -7kwWns]
n.ʣ
A following of one thing after another; succession.
һ½һ£
An order of succession; an arrangement.
˳˳
A related or continuous series.See Synonyms at series 
࣬Ļһϵвμ series
Games Three or more playing cards in consecutive order; a run.
Ϸ ͬ˳˳˿ƣͬ˳
A series of single film shots so edited as to constitute an aesthetic or dramatic unit; an episode.
Ƭϲһ鵥ĵӰͷ༭һѧĻϷԵĵԪ
Music A melodic or harmonic pattern successively repeated at different pitches with or without a key change.
֡ ģ仯򲻴仯ɻҵͣڲͬظ
Roman Catholic Church A hymn sung between the gradual and the Gospel.
̡ 𾭣ʫ͸֮䳪ʥ
Mathematics An ordered set of quantities, asx,  2 x  2, 3 x  3, 4 x  4. 
ѧ Уһ˳x 2 x  23 x  34 x  4 
Biochemistry The order of constituents in a polymer, especially the order of nucleotides in a nucleic acid or of the animal acids in a protein.
ﻯѧ ˳򣺾ۺгɷֵ˳ָк˳򵰰ж˳
v.tr.ﶯʣ
se.quenced,se.quenc.ing,se.quenc.es 
To organize or arrange in a sequence.
˳򣺰˳֯
To determine the order of constituents in (a polymer, such as a nucleic acid or protein molecule).
ȷɷֵ˳ȷۺ򵰰ʷӣĳɷ˳
?
Middle English [a type of hymn] 
йӢ [һʫ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin sequentia [hymn, that which follows] 
Դ  sequentia [ʫ] 
from Late Latin 
Դ  
from Latin sequ?s  sequent- [present participle of] sequo [to follow] * see  sek w- 1
Դ  sequ?s  sequent-  [] sequoڷִ [] *μ sek w- 1

= =
series
se.ries
AHD:[s?r?z] 
D.J.[6s!*ri8z]
K.K.[6s!riz]
n.ʣ
 series д ser.
A number of objects or events arranged or coming one after the other in succession.
һϵУһһرŵĻĺܶ¼
Chemistry Physics A group of objects related by linearly varying successive differences in form or configuration:
ѧ ѧ ϵͨʽṹֱ߱仯ϵһһ壺
a radioactive decay series; the paraffin alkane series.
ɱϵУϵ
Mathematics The sum of a sequentially ordered finite or infinite set of terms.
ѧ ˳е޵Ļ޵һܺ
Geology A group of rock formations closely related in time of origin and distinct as a group from other formations.
ѧ ϵģΣԴʱһṹϵһʯṹ
Grammar A succession of coordinate elements in a sentence.
﷨ ĲӴʳɷ
A succession of usually continuously numbered issues or volumes of a publication, published with related authors or subjects and similar formats.
飺ص߻Ƶĸʽӡˢͨŵķľ
A succession of regularly aired television programs, each one of which is complete in and of itself.
ϵнĿйɵز͵ĵӽĿÿһĿͶ
Sports A number of games played one after the other by the same opposing teams.
˶ ıͬĻԿ˶֮һһһ
Baseball The World Series.
 ְҵ
Linguistics A set of vowels or diphthongs related by ablaut, as insing, sang, sung,  and song.  
ѧ һ齻ԪԪϵɵһԪ򸴺Ԫsingsangsung  sony  
?
in series
In an arrangement that forms a series.
أγϵе
?
Latin seri?s 
 seri?s 
from serere [to join] * see  ser- 2
Դ serere [μ] *μ ser- 2
?
series,succession,progression,sequence,chain,train,string
These nouns denote a number of things placed or occurring one after the other.
Щʱʾһһطûĺܶ
 Series  refers to like, related, or identical things arranged or occurring in order: 
 Series  ָлƵġصĻͬ 
a series of days;
죻
a series of facts. Asuccession  is a series whose elements follow each other, generally in order of time and without interruption: 
һ¡ Succession ԪػϵУ һ㰴ʱûжϣ 
a succession of failures. Aprogression  is a series that reveals a definite pattern of advance:  
ʧܡ Progression ʾȷĽչģʽϵУ  
a geometric progression. In asequence  things follow one another in chronological or numerical order or in an order that indicates a causal or logical relationship or a recurrent pattern: 
ѧĽ Sequence ָһһ»˳մ ߼ϵѭģʽ 
a natural sequence of ideas.
˼Ȼ
Chain  suggests a series of things that are closely linked or connected: 
Chain  ʾӻϵһһϵж 
the chain of command;
ָ
a chain of proof.
һ֤ݡ
Train  can apply to a procession of people, animals, or vehicles or to a sequence of ideas or events: 
Train  һˡһϵ˼¼ 
a train of mourners;
һߣ
my train of thought. Astring  is a continuous series or succession of similar or uniform elements likened to objects threaded on a long cord:  
ҵһϵ뷨 String һϵлһǴһϵƵĻͬҪأ  
a string of islands;
һȺ죻
a string of questions. 
һ 
?
Series  is both a singular and a plural form. When it has the singular sense of one set,it takes a singular verb, even whenseries  is followed by of  and a plural noun:  
Series ǵʽǸʽ Сһסĵ˼ʱʹõʣʹseries  of һʱҲˣ  
A series of lectures is scheduled. 
һݽѰźˡ 
 When it has the plural sense of one or more sets, it takes a plural verb: 
Сһ׻סĸ˼ʱʹøʣ 
Two series of lectures are scheduled:
ݽѰźˣ
one for experts and one for laypeople. 
һΪרҵԱһΪרҵԱ 

= =
serious
se.ri.ous
AHD:[s?r?-s] 
D.J.[6s!*ri8*s]
K.K.[6s!ri*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Grave in quality or manner:
ģʻʽģ
gave me a serious look.
ؿһ
Carried out in earnest:
ģִеģ
engaged in serious drinking; made a serious attempt to learn how to ski backward; serious study of Italian.
ƣͼѧѩѧϰ
Deeply interested or involved:
еģȤģܸȤĻģ
a serious card player.
˿˵
Designed for and addressing grave and earnest tastes:
ģȤƺͳƺģ
serious art; serious music.

Not trifling or jesting:
ׯصģģҪģЦģ
I'm serious: we expect you to complete the assignment on time. She has posed a serious question that deserves a thoughtful response.
ҲڿЦϣܽʱһ⣬Ӧú˼Դ
Of such character or quality as to appeal to the expert, the connoisseur, or the sophisticate:
ģʺרҡͼһʺ˵ԸƷʣ
They cost us serious money . . . but delivered a unique feature(Frederick C. Mish)Serious power requires presence in a political House(William Safire)Every serious kitchen 
needs at least one peppermill(Washington Post)
ǻһǮǱصɫ(׵C.ʲ)ϯȨ(ƶ)ÿһмҵĳҪһĥ(ʢʱ)
Concerned with important rather than trivial matters:
Ӻ۵ģҪĶµģ
a serious student of history.
Ӻ۵ѧʷѧ
Being of such import as to cause anxiety:
صģҪǵģ
serious injuries; a serious turn of events.
ˣ¼صת
Too complex to be easily answered or solved:
׻شģ̫Ӷ׻شģ
raised some serious objections to the proposal.
ٳһЩķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French serieux 
Դ ŷ serieux 
from Late Latin s??sus} 
Դ  s??sus} 
from Latin s?s 
Դ  s?s 
?
seriously
adv.ʣ
seriousness
n.ʣ
?
serious,sober,grave,solemn,earnest,sedate,staid
These adjectives are compared as they refer to the manner, appearance, disposition, or acts of persons and mean absorbed or marked by absorption in thought, pressing concerns, or 
significant work.
Щݴָ˵ķʽʻٶΪרڻרע˼ʩעĹʱȽϡ
 Serious  implies a concern with responsibility and work as opposed to play: 
 Serious  ʾεĹĺԵĹ 
Serious students of music must familiarize themselves with the literature and idiom of all the important composers.
ѧֵѧϤҪҵͷ
Sober  emphasizes circumspection and self-restraint: 
Sober  ǿҿƣ 
a sober thoughtful man  (Anthony Trollope). 
һˡ ᡤգ 
My sober mind was no longer intoxicated by the fumes of politics (Edward Gibbon).
ҵͷҲᱻεˡ »
 Grave  suggests the dignity and somberness associated with weighty matters: 
 Grave  ʾش¼ׯϺ 
The soldier . . . of today is . . . a quiet, grave man, busied in charts, exact in sums, master of the art of tactics  (Walter Bagehot).
ġʿǡһºࡢæͼ㾫ȷսˡ ֶءͽأ
 Solemn  often adds tograve  the suggestion of impressiveness:  
 Solemn  grave ϸӡİʾ  
The judge's tone was solemn as he pronounced sentence on the convicted murderer.
Ա֤ɱ˷оʱࡣ
Earnest  implies sincerity and intensity of purpose: 
Earnest  ʾϺ־ǿң 
Both sides in the dispute showed an earnest desire to reach an equitable solution.
˫ʾ˴ɹƽԸ
Sedate  implies a composed, dignified manner: 
Sedate  ʾģ߹ķʽ 
One of those calm, quiet, sedate natures, to whom the temptations of turbulent nerves or vehement passions are things utterly incomprehensible  (Harriet Beecher Stowe).
Ծгŵġº͵ĺصԸ˵ɧ񾭻ҵĸջȫ¡ ءȳ˹У
 Staid  emphasizes dignity and an often strait-laced observance of propriety: 
 Staid  ǿ߹;ǼϽڣ 
a grave and staid God-fearing man (Tennyson).
һĺ;ηϵ۵ˡ ̹ɭ

= =
servant
ser.vant
AHD:[s?rvnt] 
D.J.[6sT8v*nt]
K.K.[6sPv*nt]
n.Abbr. serv.ʣд serv.
One who is privately employed to perform domestic services.
Ӷˣ˽˹ӶԽмͥ
One who is publicly employed to perform services, as for a government.
ԱӶṩˣ类Ӷ
One who expresses submission, recognizance, or debt to another:
ūͣʾһ˵ķӡϻмˣ
your obedient servant.
ʵū
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [from present participle of] servir [to serve] * see  serve 
Դ ŷ  [] Դservirڷִ [] *μ serve

= =
serve
serve
AHD:[s?rv] 
D.J.[sT8v]
K.K.[sPv]
v.ʣ
served,serv.ing,serves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To work for.
ЧͣΪ
To be a servant to.

To prepare and offer (food, for example):
ṩ׼׼ṩʳ
serve tea.
ϲ
To place food before (someone); wait on:
дڣĳˣǰʳ̷
served the guests a wonderful dinner.
ʢд
To provide goods and services for (customers):
Ϊ˿ͣṩƷ
a hotel that has served tourists at the same location for 30 years.
һͬһΪÿͷʮù
To supply (goods or services) to customers.See Usage Note at service 
ṩΪ˿ṩƷ񣩲μ service
To assist (the celebrant) during Mass.
Э񸸣
To be of assistance to or promote the interests of; aid:
ٽ棻
Both major parties today seek to serve the national interest(John F. Kennedy)
Ҫ׷ٽ桱(ԼF.)
To spend or complete (time):
ȹΣȹɣʱ䣩
served four terms in Congress.
ڹְĽ
To fight or undergo military service for:
ۣΪսۣ
served her country for five years in the navy.
ںΪҷ
To give homage and obedience to:
ӣЧҺͷӣ
served God.
ϵ
To act toward (another) in a specified way; requite:
Դĳַʽԣһˣ
She has served me ill, and only that.
Ҳã˶
To copulate with. Used of male animals.
䣺͡䡣ڴԶ
To meet the needs or requirements of; satisfy:
㣺ҪҪ㣺
serve the purpose.
ﵽĿ
Law 
ɡ 
To deliver or present (a writ or summons).
ʹͻ򴫣״Ʊ
To present such a writ to.
֤
Sports To put (a ball or shuttlecock) in play, as in tennis, badminton, or jai alai.
˶ Ϸзë򣩣ë
To bind or whip (a rope) with fine cord or wire.
ӣϸӻᣨӣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be employed as a servant.
ܹܹͣ͵
To do a term of duty:
ְ
serve in the U.S. Air Force; serve on a jury.
վְۣ
To act in a particular capacity:
Ϊĳһ
serve as a clerk.
ΪְԱ
To be of service or use; function:
ڣڣ
Let this incident serve as a reminder to future generations.
³Ϊ˵ľʾ
To meet requirements or needs; satisfy:
㣺ҪҪ㣺
a device that will serve well.
ʵ
To wait on tables:
̷òͣ
serve at luncheon.
̷
Sports To put a ball or shuttlecock into play, as in court games.
˶ ϷԿз
To assist the celebrant during Mass.
и
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
The right, manner, or act of serving in many court games.
ķʽڶԿеķȨʽ
?
serve (someone) right
To be deserved under the circumstances:
ӦãĳЩӦã
Punish him; it will serve him right for what he has done to you.
ͷǵΪӦ
?
Middle English serven 
йӢ serven 
from Old French servir 
Դ ŷ servir 
from Latin servoe 
Դ  servoe 
from servus [slave] 
Դ servus [ū] 

= =
service
serv.ice
AHD:[s?rv1s] 
D.J.[6sT8v!s]
K.K.[6sPv!s]
n.Abbr. serv.,svcʣд serv.,svc
Employment in duties or work for another, especially for a government.
Ӷ˹ӶְָӶ
A government branch or department and its employees:
ţ֧żԱ
the diplomatic service.
⽻
The armed forces of a nation.
ӣҵװ
A branch of the armed forces of a nation.
֣Ҿķ֧
Work or duties performed for a superior.
ЧͣΪϼְ
The occupation or duties of a servant.
˵ĹӶ˵ְҵְ
Work done for others as an occupation or a business:
ΪְҵҵΪ˷
provides full catering service.
ṩķ
A department or branch of a hospital staff that provides specified patient care:
ңԻ߽ضƵҽԺְԱĲŻ֧
the anesthesiology service; the chest service.
ƣؿ
Installation, maintenance, or repairs provided or guaranteed by a dealer or manufacturer.
ۺ˻ṩİװά޻
A facility providing the public with the use of something, such as water or transportation.
ʩΪṩʹĳʩˮ뽻ͨ
Acts of devotion to God; witness.
ϵ۵Ϊ֤
A religious rite.
ڽʽ
An act of assistance or benefit to another or others; a favor.
ʹΪ
The serving of food or the manner in which it is served.
дʳ̬
A set of dishes or utensils:
ߣһӻߣ
a silver tea service.
һ
Sports The act, manner, or right of serving in many court games; a serve.
˶ еķ򡢷ʽȨ
Copulation with a female.
Խ
Law The serving of a writ or summons.
ɡ ͣƱ
The material, such as cord, used in binding or wrapping rope.
װ壬
v.tr.ﶯʣ
serv.iced,serv.ic.ing,serv.ic.es д serv.
To make fit for use; adjust, repair, or maintain:
άޣʹãά
service a car.
ά
To provide services to.
ṩ
To make interest payments on (a debt).
֧ծϢ
To copulate with.

adj.Abbr. serv.ݴʣд serv.
Of or relating to the armed forces of a country.
ӵģһҾӵĻйص
Intended for use in supplying or serving:
ģֻ֧ģ
a service elevator; the service entrance.
ݣͨ
Offering repairs or maintenance:
ṩάģ
a service guarantee; a road service area.
ޣ·ά
Offering services to the public in response to need or demand:
ģҪԹṩ
a service industry.
ҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin servitium [slavery] 
Դ  servitium [ūݣūƶ] 
from servus [slave] 
Դ servus [ū] 
?
Aside from specialized senses in finance (service a debt ) and animal breeding ( service a mare ), service  is used principally in the sense to repair or maintain:  
ڲ(ծ )Ͷ(  )⺬⣬ service ҪСά壺  
service the electric dishwasher. 
綯ϴ 
 In the sense to supply goods or services to,serve  is the most frequent or only choice:  
ڡṩƷ񡱵ϣserve ʹƵɹѡΨһ  
One radio network serves three states. 
޵Ĺ㲥 
?
Service
Ser.vice
AHD:[s?rv1s] Robert William (1874-1958) 
D.J.[6sT8v!s]
K.K.[6sPv!s]
NONE޴ԣ
British-born Canadian writer of poetry and novels about life in the Yukon, including the ballad The Shooting of Dan McGrew (1907).
ά˹޲ء(1874-1958) ӢļôʫˡС˵ңдƷҥԡ(1907꣩

= =
session
ses.sion
AHD:[sshn] 
D.J.[6se.*n]
K.K.[6sW.*n]
n.Abbr. sess.ʣд sess.
A meeting of a legislative or judicial body for the purpose of transacting business.
飺ںͬ׵˾Ļ
A series of such meetings.
һϵĻ
The term or duration of time that is taken by such a series of meetings.
ڣһϵлĳʱճ
The part of a year or of a day during which a school holds classes.
ѧڣѧУпʱһһĲ
An assembly of people for a common purpose or because of a common interest:
壺ΪͬĿĻͬһȺˣ
a gossip session.
һȺŪǷ
Law A court of criminal jurisdiction in the United States:
ɡ ͥоﷸķͥ
the court of sessions.
оͥ
A period of time devoted to a specific activity.
һʱ䣺ȫרעĳһʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sessi?}  sessi?n- [act of sitting] 
Դ  sessi?}  sessi?n- [Ķ] 
from sessus [past participle of] sed?re [to sit] * see  sed- 
Դ sessus  [] sed?reĹȥִ [] *μ sed- 
?
sessional
adj.ݴʣ
sessionally
adv.ʣ

= =
setting
set.ting
AHD:[st1ng] 
D.J.[6set!0]
K.K.[6sWt!0]
n.ʣ
The position, direction, or way in which something, such as an automatic control, is set.
λãƷԿװУװõλáʽ
The context and environment in which a situation is set; the background.
ĳһεı򻷾
The time, place, and circumstances in which a narrative, drama, or film takes place.
ġϷӰʱ䡢صͻ
The scenery constructed for a theatrical performance or movie production.
ΪϷݻӰõĳ
Music A composition written or arranged to fit a text, such as a poetical work.
֡ Ʒ ΪʺĳһĿдƷʫƷ
A mounting, as for a jewel.
Ƕʯȵ
A place setting.
λ;
A set of eggs in a hen's nest.
ĸеһ

= =
settle
set.tle
AHD:[stl] 
D.J.[6setl]
K.K.[6sWt1]
v.ʣ
set.tled,set.tling,set.tles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into order; arrange or fix definitely as desired.
ţãҪȷл̶
To put firmly into a desired position or place; establish.
ţι̵طҪλûص㣻
To establish as a resident or residents:
ӣΪס
settled her family in Ohio.
ҶӶ
To establish residence in; colonize:
ֳڡֳ
Pioneers settled the West.
ֳȷ
To establish in a residence, business, or profession.
ʹȶ̶ĳһطҵְҵ
To restore calmness or comfort to.
ƽָƽʹ
To cause to sink, become compact, or come to rest.
ʹ³ʹֹͣ
To cause (a liquid) to become clear by forming a sediment.
ͨʹҺ壩
To subdue or make orderly.
ѹƻʹд
To establish on a permanent basis; stabilize.
ȶڹ̶ĻϽʹȶ
To make compensation for (a claim).
Ҫ󲹳
To pay (a debt).
ծ
To conclude (a dispute, for example) by a final decision.
վۣ
To decide (a lawsuit) by mutual agreement of the involved parties without court action.
ͣϷͥ˫˫ͬϰ
Law To secure or assign (property or title) by legal action.
ɡ תãûתãƲȨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To discontinue moving and come to rest in one place.
ֹͣʹ˶ֹͣͣĳ
To move downward; sink or descend, especially gradually:
³ƶ³½ָأ
Darkness settled over the fields. Dust settled in the road.
ڰҰҳƮ·
To become clear by the sinking of suspended particles. Used of liquids.
ʹ壺ͨ塣Һ
To be separated from a solution or mixture as a sediment.
ΪҺз
To become compact by sinking, as sediment when stirred up.
ѹﱻʱͨ³
To establish one's residence:
ӣĳ˵ס
settled in Canada.
Ӽô
To become established or localized:
棺ȷλã
The cold settled in my chest.
һ֧
To reach a decision; determine:
ɾ
We finally settled on a solution to the problem.See Synonyms at decide 
վ˶ԴĽμ decide
To provide compensation for a claim.
Ҫṩ
To pay a debt.
ծ
n.ʣ
A long wooden bench with a high back, often including storage space beneath the seat.
߱Σи߿ĳľΣͨλ涫Ŀռ
?
settle down
To begin living a stable and orderly life:
ȶ
He settled down as a farmer with a family.
һ˰ũ
To become less nervous or restless.
ƽòŻ򰲾
settle for
To accept in spite of incomplete satisfaction:
ǿܣܲȫҲܽܣ
had to settle for a lower wage than the one requested.
òһ͵Ĺ
?
Middle English setlen [to seat] 
йӢ setlen [] 
from Old English setlan 
Դ Ӣ setlan 
from setl [seat] * see  sed- 
Դ setl [λ] *μ sed- 
?
settleable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
settlement
set.tle.ment
AHD:[stl-mnt] 
D.J.[6setlm*nt]
K.K.[6sWt1m*nt]
n.ʣ
The act or process of settling.
ӣӵΪ
Establishment, as of a person in a business or of people in a new region.
ĳ˹̶ĳҵǶһµ
A newly colonized region.
ֳ
A small community.
С
An arrangement, adjustment, or other understanding reached, as in financial or business proceedings:
Э飺š⣨ڽڻҵУ
a divorce settlement.
Э
Law 
ɡ 
Transfer of property to provide for the future needs of a person.
תãתòƲṩĳδ
Property thus transferred.
תõĲƲ
A center providing community services in an underprivileged area.Also called  In this sense, also called settlement house 
һƶṩҲ  ڴҲɳ settlement house

= =
seven
sev.en
AHD:[svn] 
D.J.[6sev*n]
K.K.[6sWv*n]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 6 + 1.
ߣ6+1Ļ
The seventh in a set or sequence.
ߣһ׻һϵеĵ߸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English seofon * see  sept? 
Դ Ӣ seofon *μ sept? 
?
seven
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
seventeen
sev.en.teen
AHD:[svn-t?n] 
D.J.[7sev*n6ti8n]
K.K.[7sWv*n6tin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 16 + 1.
ʮߣ16+1Ļ
The 17th in a set or sequence.
ʮߣһ׻һϵеĵʮ߸
?
Middle English seventene 
йӢ seventene 
from Old English seofontoe * see  sept? 
Դ Ӣ seofontoe *μ sept? 
?
seventeen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
seventh
sev.enth
AHD:[svnth] 
D.J.[6sev*nG]
K.K.[6sWv*nG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number seven in a series.
ߣӦ
One of seven equal parts.
߷֮һ߸Ȳ֮һ
Music An interval encompassing seven diatonic degrees.
֡ ߶̣߶ȫڵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of sefende 
 sefendeı仯 
from Old English seofunda 
Դ Ӣ seofunda 
from seofon [seven] * see  seven 
Դ seofon [] *μ seven
?
seventh
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
seventy
sev.en.ty
AHD:[svn-t?] 
D.J.[6sev*nti8]
K.K.[6sWv*nti]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 7  10.
ʮ710Ļ
seventies Often Seventies 
 seventies   Seventies 
The decade from 70 to 79 in a century.
ʮһд70굽79ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 70 to 79:
70굽79֮107079֮
They became grandparents in their seventies. The temperature hovered in the seventies.
ʮʱ游ĸ¶ǻʮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hundseofontig * see  sept? 
Դ Ӣ hundseofontig *μ sept? 
?
seventy
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
several
sev.er.al
AHD:[svr-l, svrl] 
D.J.[6sev*r*l, 6sevr*l]
K.K.[6sWv*r*l, 6sWvr*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Being of a number more than two or three but not many:
Ŀڶܶģ
several miles away.

Single; distinct:
ģģصģ
Pshaw! said I, with an air of carelessness, three several times(Laurence Sterne)
ߣҲСѾ˵ѽ(˹˹)
Respectively different; various:
ͬģԲͬģģ
They parted and went their several ways.See Synonyms at distinct 
Ƿָ·μ distinct
Law Relating separately to each party of a bond or note.
ɡ ծȯصģƱصģծȯƱݵһص
pron.(used with a pl. verb)ʣ븴ã
An indefinite but small number; some or a few:
ȷСĿģһЩһ㣺
Several of the workers went home sick.
˴ؼ
?
Middle English [separate] 
йӢ [] 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Medieval Latin s?3lis, s?per3lis} 
Դ  s?3lis, s?per3lis} 
from Latin s?r 
Դ  s?r 
from s?3re} [to separate] * see  separate 
Դ s?3re} [] *μ separate
?
severally
adv.ʣ

= =
severe
se.vere
AHD:[s-v?r] 
D.J.[s*6v!*]
K.K.[s*6v!r]
adj.ݴʣ
se.ver.er,se.ver.est 
Unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict.
ģĻ̵ģԴʱϸ
Marked by or requiring strict adherence to rigorous standards or high principles.
ϸģҪϸؾȷ׼߶ԭĻ֮Ϊ
Austere or dour; forbidding:
ϾģϾĻģģ
spoke in a severe voice.
ϾĿ˵
Extremely plain in substance or style:
صģݻʽʵģ
a severe black dress.
صĺ·
Causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense:
ҵģҲʻʹģбǿҵģ
severe pain; a severe storm.
ʹǿ籩
Very serious; grave or grievous:
صģǳģׯصĻصģ
severe mental illness.
صľ
Extremely difficult to perform or accomplish; trying:
ѵģѵؽлɵģģ
a severe test of our loyalty.
ҳϵϾ
?
Latin sev?s [serious, strict] * see  w?ro- 
 sev?s [صģϸ] *μ w?ro- 
?
severely
adv.ʣ
severeness
n.ʣ
?
severe,stern,austere,ascetic,strict
These adjectives mean unsparing and exacting with respect to discipline or control.
Щݴʵ˼ǹ˼ԭƶĻ̵ġ
 Severe  implies adherence to rigorous standards or high principles;the term often suggests the imposition of harsh conditions: 
 Severe  ָϸı׼߶ȵԭ򣻸ôʳʾǿӿ̵ 
Praise or blame has but a momentary effect on the man whose love of beauty in the abstract makes him a severe critic on his own works (John Keats).
ָֻ˲ЧӦԳȰʹԼƷϼ Լȣ
 Stern   suggests unyielding disposition, uncompromising resolution, or forbidding appearance or nature: 
 Stern  ָǿӲĴЭľʣ 
thought her husband a man fatally stern and implacable (George Meredith).
ΪɷһҺˡ Ρ˹
 Austere  connotes sternness, qualities such as aloofness or lack of feeling or sympathy,and often rigid morality: 
 Austere  ζĮȱͬԸ񣬶ͨص£ 
Austere officers demand meticulous conformity with military regulations.
ϾľҪ͡
Ascetic   suggests self-discipline and self-denial and often renunciation of worldly pleasures for spiritual improvement: 
Ascetic  ָԼҿƲͨΪﵽ֣ 
Be systematically ascetic . . . do . . . something for no other reason than that you would rather not do it (William James).
мƻؿơĳ£ûбֻñ ķɭ
 Strict   means requiring or showing stringent observance of obligations, rules, or standards: 
 Strict  ָҪʾϸ񡢹׼ 
He could not be severe nor even passably strict  (W.H. Hudson).
ϸһ㶼 (W.H.

= =
sew
sew
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s*&]
K.K.[so]
v.ʣ
sewed,sewn[s?n]   sewed sew.ing,sews 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make, repair, or fasten by stitching, as with a needle and thread or a sewing machine:
ңԷ޲ӹ̣߻һ
sew a dress; sew on a button.
·
To furnish with stitches for the purpose of closing, fastening, or attaching:
첹Ϊ˹رա̶򸽺͵ĿĽԲ
sew an incision closed.
пڷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work with a needle and thread or with a sewing machine.
ң߻һ
?
sew up ʽ
To complete successfully:
ɹɣ
Our team has sewn up the championship.
ǶӮ˹ھ
To gain complete control of; monopolize.
ƣȫգ¢
To make sure of:
ȷ϶
campaign strategists who were trying to sew up the election results.
ͼȷѡٽж߻
?
Middle English sewen 
йӢ sewen 
from Old English seowian * see  sy?- 
Դ Ӣ seowian *μ sy?- 
?
sewable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sex
sex
AHD:[sks] 
D.J.[seks]
K.K.[sWks]
n.ʣ
The property or quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions.
Ա𣺻ֳٺ͹ܶΪƻ۵ʻص
Either of the two divisions, designated female and male, of this classification.
֮һַдƻһ
Females or males considered as a group.
ԣŮԣΪһ鿼ǵĴƻ
The condition or character of being female or male; the physiological, functional, and psychological differences that distinguish the female and the male.See Usage Note at gender 
Ϊƻ۵ص㣻ִ۵ܺμ gender
The sexual urge or instinct as it manifests itself in behavior.
ΪʾԼԵǿҪ
Sexual intercourse.
Խ
The genitalia.
ֳ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ԣһʣ
sex education; sex crimes.
ԽԷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sexed,sex.ing,sex.es 
To determine the sex of (an organism, especially a hatching chicken).
ʶԱ𣺾һ壬ڷеСԱ
Slang 
ٵ 
To arouse sexually. Often used withup.  
up  
To increase the appeal or attractiveness of. Often used withup.  
Ⱦջup  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin sexus 
Դ  sexus 

= =
sexual
sex.u.al
AHD:[sksh?-l] 
D.J.[6sek.u8*l]
K.K.[6sWk.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, involving, or characteristic of sex, sexuality, the sexes, or the sex organs and their functions.
ԵģйءԡԻ١ԹܵĻ
Implying or symbolizing erotic desires or activity.
ģʾΪ
Of, relating to, or involving the union of male and female gametes:
Եģйءӽϵģ
sexual reproduction.
ֳ
?
Late Latin sexu3s 
 sexu3s 
from Latin sexus [sex] 
Դ  sexus [] 
?
sexually
adv.ʣ

= =
shabby
shab.by
AHD:[sh2b?] 
D.J.[6.#bi8]
K.K.[6.#bi]
adj.ݴʣ
shab.bi.er,shab.bi.est 
Wearing threadbare clothing.
ڵģ·
Showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out:
ƾɵģʾû˺ƵļģƾɵĻþɵģ
shabby furniture.
ƾɵļҾ
Dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through neglect; seedy:
õģٻ񻯵ģָӶµģƾɵģ
a shabby little park.
ƾɵС԰
Despicable; mean:
ɱģ¼ģ
a shabby trick.
ӵļ
Not generous or just; unfair:
򲻹ģƽģ
shabby treatment.
Ĵ
Of mediocre or substandard quality:
ƽӹĻͱ׼Ʒʵģ
a shabby performance.
ƽӹı
?
From obsolete shab [scab] 
Դ  shab [覴] 
from Middle English shab 
Դ йӢ shab 
from Old English sceabb 
Դ Ӣ sceabb 
?
shabbily
adv.ʣ
shabbiness
n.ʣ

= =
shade
shade
AHD:[sh3d] 
D.J.[.e!d]
K.K.[.ed]
n.ʣ
Light diminished in intensity as a result of the interception of the rays; partial darkness.
Ӱ߱ضϵµĹǿȼֺڰ
An area or a space of partial darkness.
Ӱֺڰռ
Cover or shelter provided by interception by an object of the sun or its rays.
ڱΣĳڵס̫߶ڱδδ
Any of various devices used to reduce or screen light or heat.
ڼٻڱιȵ
shades Slang Sunglasses.
 shades ٵ ̫
Relative obscurity.
ʣģ
shades Dark shadows gathering at dusk:
 shades ҹĻƻʱ۵İӰ 
The shades of night are falling fast(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)
ҹĻܿ콵١(˹˹ʷ)
The part of a picture or photograph depicting darkness or shadow.
滭ƬڰӰĲ
The degree to which a color is mixed with black or is decreasingly illuminated; gradation of darkness.
ȣɫɫϻ½ĳ̶ȣڰ
A slight difference or variation; a nuance:
ϸ΢𣺱仯΢ϸ΢
shades of meaning.
ϸ΢
A small amount; a trace:
ۼ
detected a shade of bitterness in her remarks.
оһ˿
A disembodied spirit; a ghost.
飺õľ飻
shades A present reminder of a person or situation in the past:
 shades 䣺Թȥ˻µʱļ䣺
shades of my high-school days.
Ҹļ
v.ʣ
shad.ed,shad.ing,shades 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To screen from light or heat.
ڵڱι߻
To obscure or darken.
䰵ʹģ䰵
To cause shade in or on.
ʹڡϻڡγӰ
To represent degrees of shade or shadow in:
ֲͬİȣ
shade a drawing.
Ϊϲͬİ
To produce (gradations of light or color) in a drawing or picture.
ʹȽ䣺ڻ滭ƬвɫΣ
To change or vary by slight degrees:
ϸ΢𣺳̶ϸ΢ظı仯
shade the meaning.
΢Ķ˼
To make a slight reduction in:
Լ΢٣
shade prices.
Լ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass from one quality, color, or thing to another by very slight changes or degrees.
ϸ΢仯һƷʡɫʻͨϸ΢仯ɵһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceadu 
Դ Ӣ sceadu 
?
shader
n.ʣ
?
shade,penumbra,shadow,umbra,umbrage
The central meaning shared by these nouns is an area of comparative darkness resulting from the blocking of light rays: 
Щʹе˼ǡ߱Ժڰ򡱣 
sitting in the shade;
Ӱ
Earth's penumbra;
ӰԵ
in the shadow of the curtains;
ĻӰ£
the umbra beyond the footlights;
ŵƵӰ
sheltered in the umbrage of a rain forest. See also Synonyms at  nuance 
 μͬ nuance

= =
shadow
shad.ow
AHD:[sh2d?] 
D.J.[6.#d*&]
K.K.[6.#do]
n.ʣ
An area that is not or is only partially irradiated or illuminated because of the interception of radiation by an opaque object between the area and the source of radiation.
ӰԴ֮в͸ضϹ߶ȫ򲿷ֲ
The rough image cast by an object blocking rays of illumination.See Synonyms at shade 
Ӱ嵲ס߶ĴӰμ shade
An imperfect imitation or copy.
Ʒ׾ӵģ»
shadows The darkness following sunset.
 shadows ĺɫĺڰ
A feeling of gloom or unhappiness.
򲻿ĸ
A cause of gloom or unhappiness.
ԭ򲻿ԭ
A shaded area in a picture or photograph.
ͼƬӰ
A mirrored image or reflection.
ӳ
A phantom; a ghost.
飻
One, such as a detective or spy, that follows or trails another.
ߣһ˵ˣ̽
A constant companion.
ֿѣĲĻ
A faint indication; a premonition.
ԤУģİʾԤ
A vestige or remnant.
żż
An insignificant portion or amount; a trace:
е㣺Ĳֻһ㣺
beyond a shadow of a doubt.
һ˿
Shelter; protection.
ڱΣ
v.ʣ
shad.owed,shad.ow.ing,shad.ows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cast a shadow on; shade.
ͶӰڣʹӰ
To make gloomy or dark; cloud.
ʹʣʹʻ򰵵ʹ
To represent vaguely, mysteriously, or prophetically.
ףģػԤʾ
To darken in a painting or drawing; shade in.
Ӱڣʹͻ䰵Ӱ
To follow, especially in secret; trail.
٣ָ׷٣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change by gradual degrees.
䣺𽥱仯
To become clouded over as if with shadows:
аӰһ
Her face shadowed with sorrow.
˵
adj.ݴʣ
Not having official status:
ʽģûʽλģ
a shadow government of exiled leaders; a shadow cabinet.
ǰвݵӰڸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceaduwe [oblique case of] sceadu [shade, shadow] 
Դ Ӣ sceaduwe  [] sceaduļӸ [ӰӣӰ] 
?
shadower
n.ʣ

= =
shady
shad.y
AHD:[sh3d?] 
D.J.[6.e!di8]
K.K.[6.edi]
adj.ݴʣ
shad.i.er,shad.i.est 
Full of shade; shaded.
ģεģ
Casting shade:
ͶӰģͶӰģ
a shady grove.
涵
Quiet, dark, or concealed; hidden.
εģڰε
Of dubious character or honesty; questionable.See Synonyms at dark 
ɵģƷʻֱɻɵģĲμ dark
?
shadily
adv.ʣ
shadiness
n.ʣ

= =
shaft
shaft
AHD:[sh2ft] 
D.J.[.#ft]
K.K.[.#ft]
n.ʣ
The long, narrow stem or body of a spear or an arrow.
ìϵĳϸĸ
A spear or an arrow.
ì
A projectile suggestive of a spear or an arrow in appearance or configuration.
ì֮ì
Informal A scornfully satirical comment; a barb.
ʽ Цۣ
Slang Harsh, unfair treatment. Often used withthe : 
ٵ ̵Ĵ³ĴͨThe ã 
The president of the airline really gave the unions the shaft.
չ˾ܲöԴʵڿ
A ray or beam of light.
ߣһһ
The handle of any of various tools or implements.
߻װõİ
The main axis of a feather, especially its distal portion.
ɣëᣬָëĩ˲
Anatomy 
ѧ 
The midsection of a long bone; diaphysis.
ǵжΣǸ
The section of a hair projecting from the surface of the body.
ëɣë泤Ĳ
Architecture 
ѧ 
A column or an obelisk.
֧򷽼α
The section of a column between the capital and the base.
֮Ĳ
One of two parallel poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle.
ԯˣΪ乤ߵĶмеһ
A long, generally cylindrical bar, especially one that rotates and transmits power, as the drive shaft of an engine.
ת᣺ͨԲİָתģת
A long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for mining ore; a tunnel.
ͲͨµĳխĴֱͨڲɿģ
A vertical passage housing an elevator.
ݵĴֱ
A duct or conduit for the passage of air, as for ventilation or heating.
ͨͨͨ͹ܵͨʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shaft.ed,shaft.ing,shafts 
To equip with a shaft.
װ
Slang To treat in a harsh, unfair way:
ٵ ̵ĶԴ³ضԴ
He had been shafted by the press quite a bit(Frank Deford)
ܵ˱Žļ(ˡ¸)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceaft 
Դ Ӣ sceaft 

= =
shake
shake
AHD:[sh3k] 
D.J.[.e!k]
K.K.[.ek]
v.ʣ
shook[sh?k] shak.en[sh3kn] shak.ing,shakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move to and fro with jerky movements.
ҡΣʹŲƽȵ˶ƶ
To cause to quiver, tremble, vibrate, or rock.
ʹʹʹ񶯻ڶ
To cause to lose stability or waver:
ʹҡʹʧȥȶԻҡ
a crisis that shook my deepest beliefs.
ΣʹҼᶨҲΪ֮ҡ
To remove or dislodge by jerky movements:
ȥĵͨƽȵ˶ʹȥȥ
shook the dust from the cushions.
εϵĻҳĵ
To bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking:
ҡͨͨʹﵽһض״̬
It is not easy to shake one's heart free of the impression(John Middleton Murry)
ҪӡĨǲ׵ġ(Լ׵¶١Ĭ)
Slang To get rid of:
ٵ ѣ
couldn't shake the man who was following us.
޷Ѹǵ
To disturb or agitate; unnerve:
ʹʹ𶯣ʹһɧʹʧȥƣ
She was shaken by the news of the disaster.
ǸԵϢ
To brandish or wave, especially in anger:
Ӷҡָŭʱ
shake one's fist.
ȭ
To clasp (hands) in greeting or leave-taking or as a sign of agreement.
֣ʺʱΪʾͬʱգ˫֣
Music To trill (a note).
֡ òݳԲԷһڣ
Games To rattle and mix (dice) before casting.
Ϸ ҡӣͶǰʹӣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move to and fro in short, irregular, often jerky movements.
ҡԶ̵ġɵġٵ˶ƶ
To tremble, as from cold or in anger.
£ŭ
To be unsteady; totter or waver.
ȣҡڣȶҡҡҷ
To move something vigorously up and down or from side to side, as in mixing.
ҡΣ»Ҿҵƶĳڻ
Music To trill.
֡ Բ
To shake hands:
֣
Let's shake on it.
Ϊ
n.ʣ
The act of shaking.
ҡҡΪ
A trembling or quivering movement.
˶
Informal An earthquake.
ʽ 
A fissure in rock.
ʯеѷ
A crack in timber caused by wind or frost.
ѷ죺紵˪ľ
Informal A moment or an instant; a trice:
ʽ һһ˲һɲǣ̣
I'll do it in a shake.
һ͸
Music A trill.
֡ 
See  milk shake 
μ  milk shake 
A beverage in which the ingredients are mixed by shaking.
ϣһͨζӶгɷֵ
A rough shingle used to cover rustic buildings, such as barns:
ָǰ壺彨ȲֵĴʯߣ
cedar shakes.
ɼľƵݶ
shakes Informal Uncontrollable trembling, as in a person who is cold, frightened, feverish, or ill. Often used withthe : 
 shakes ʽ ܿƵĲ纮䡢¡ջϷġthe ã 
was suffering from a bad case of the shakes.
صĲ
Slang A bargain or deal:
ٵ ףӪ
getting a fair shake.
һʹƽ
?
shake down
Slang To extort money from.
ٵ ӡթǮ
Slang To make a thorough search of:
ٵ ԡһγѲ飺
shook down the prisoners' cells for hidden weapons.
Ѳ鷸ηԲص
To subject (a new ship or aircraft) to shakedown testing.
Ժʹһ´ܵԷɲ
To become acclimated or accustomed, as to a new environment or a new job.
ʹӦӦϰߵģ»¹
shake off
To free oneself of; get rid of:
룬ѣʹĳԼȥ
We shook off our fears.
ǰ˿־
shake up
To upset by or as if by a physical jolt or shock:
ܾţһϵĵŵ񲻰
was badly shaken up by the accident.
Ǵ¹ʶܾ
To subject to a drastic rearrangement or reorganization:
٣飺ʹܵ䶯ܴİŻ֯
new management bent on shaking up the company.
쵼ȫԹ˾
?
give (someone) the shakeٵ
To escape from or get rid of:
ӡѡ
We managed to give our pursuers the shake.
跨׷
no great shakesٵ
Unexceptional; ordinary:
ģͨģ
stepping in between the victim and the bully, even when the victim happens to be no great shakes(Louis Auchincloss)
ʹܺͨգҲӦ߲ܺܶꡱ(·˹½˹)
shake a legʽ
To dance.

To move quickly; hurry up.
ƶϿ
shake (another's) treeٵ
To arouse to action or reaction; disturb:
жӦţ
[He]  so shook Hollywood's tree that . . . all manner of . . . people called me unsolicited to itemize his mistakes or praise his courage (Tina Brown)
 ˺룬ڸʿ绰ңĹʧ (ȡ)
shake a stick atٵ
To point out, designate, or name:
ָָ
All of a sudden there came into being a vast conservative infrastructure: think-tanks . . . and more foundations than you could shake a stick at(National Review)
ͻȻһӴıصšĿĻᡱ()
?
Middle English shaken 
йӢ shaken 
from Old English sceacan 
Դ Ӣ sceacan 
?
shakable  
shakeable
adj.ݴʣ
?
shake,tremble,quake,quiver,shiver,shudder
These verbs mean to manifest involuntary vibratory movement.
Щζʾ񶯡
 Shake   is the most general: 
 Shake  ͨģ 
The child's small body shook with weeping.
ӵС
The floor shook when she walked across the room.
ʱذζ
Tremble   implies quick, rather slight movement,as from excitement, weakness, or anger: 
Tremble  ָѸ١൱΢˶ڼ 
I could feel the youngster's hand tremble in mine.
ܸеǸ˵ҵв
The apple blossoms trembled in the wind.
ƻڷҡҷ
Quake   refers to more violent movement,as that caused by shock or upheaval: 
Quake  ָǿҵ˶ڳޱ𷢶 
I was so terrified that my legs began to quake.
ұŻˣȶʼ
Quiver  suggests a slight, rapid, tremulous movement: 
Quiver  ָ΢ġٵġ˶ 
Her lip quivered like that of a child about to cry (Booth Tarkington).
촽ţһҪ޵ĺӡ ˹٣
 Shiver   involves rapid, rather slight trembling, as of a person experiencing chill: 
 Shiver  ָܺ١൱΢Ĳ 
as I in hoary winter night stood shivering in the snow  (Robert Southwell).
վڹϵĶѩҹв ޲ءΤ
 Shudder  applies chiefly to convulsive shaking caused by fear, horror, or revulsion: 
 Shudder  Ҫָڿ־塢ֲͻ跢𶯣 
She starts like one that spies an adder / . . . The fear whereof doth make him shake and shudder (Shakespeare).See also Synonyms at  agitate ,dismay 
󿴵һͻȻ/ֿ־ʹ ɯʿǣμͬ agitate,dismay

= =
shall
shall
AHD:[sh2l] 
D.J.[.#l]
K.K.[.#l]
v.aux.ʣ
ȥʽ should[sh?d]  
Used before a verb in the infinitive to show:
ڶ֮ǰԱʾ
Something that will take place or exist in the future:
ҪҪڵĳЩ
We shall arrive tomorrow.
쵽
Something, such as an order, a promise, a requirement, or an obligation:
ӦãĳЩŵҪ
You shall leave now. He shall answer for his misdeeds. The penalty shall not exceed two years in prison.
ڸ뿪ˡӦΪĴΪ𡣳ͷӦ
The will to do something or have something take place:
᣺ĳ»ʹĳ·Ը
I shall go out if I feel like it.
ȥһȥ
Something that is inevitable:
һɱĳ£
That day shall come.
һܻ
Archaic 
 
To be able to.
ܹ
To have to; must.
ò
?
Middle English shal 
йӢ shal 
from Old English sceal * see  skel- 2
Դ Ӣ sceal *μ skel- 2
?
The traditional rules for usingshall  and will  prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject.In the first 
person,shall  is used to indicate simple futurity:  
ʹshall  will Ĵͳ涨һʮָӵʹʽ ʽĺ˳ƶı䡣ڵһ˳Уshall ڱʾ򵥵δ¼  
I shall (not will ) have to buy another ticket.  
ҽ will ) òһƱ  
In the second and third persons,the same sense of futurity is expressed bywill :  
ڵڶ˳Ƽ˳Уͬδ¼will   
The comet will (not shall ) return in 87 years. 
ǽ shall ) 87󷵻ء 
You will (not shall ) probably encounter some heavy seas when you round the point.  
صʱ㽫 shall ) ܿһЩӿ  
The use ofwill  in the first person and of shall  in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context.ThusI will leave 
tomorrow  indicates that the speaker is determined to leave;  
will ڵһ˳Ƽ shall ڵڶ˳ʱ ĿܱľŵҪ 仰˵߾뿪  
You and she shall leave tomorrow is likely to be interpreted as a command. 
콫뿪رһ 
The sentenceYou shall have your money  expresses a promise (I will see that you get your money), whereasYou will have your money  makes a simple prediction.  Such, at 
least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as the English of the English (as opposed to that of the Scots and 
Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American 
idiom.In Americawill  is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall  in English usage, andshall  itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go?  
and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall  is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence,  
though this sense is also expressed bymust  or should.  In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall  or will  may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in 
I  will leave tomorrow  (I intend to leave); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must  or have to;  or by using an adverb such as certainly.   Many earlier American writers 
observed the traditional distinction betweenshall  and will,  and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat 
mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall  in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and 
so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 
㽫õǮ һֳŵҽ֤õǮ õǮ ˼Ԥ⡣ ЩǴͳ򡣵÷ϵHW
ġӢ˵Ӣո˺Ͱ˵ӢԣʹӢӢһֱڱ仯ܾѧУʦŬִϰ
ġwill Ӣ÷дΪ shall ĺ壬 shall ڵһ˳ʾʽ飬 Ǹ˰? ĳЩ̶У ǻ˷ġ 
Shall  ҲʽбʾȷְӦṩ֤  ȻҲmust  should  ڿпͨǿshall  will    뿪 
Ҵ뿪ͨѡһ must  have to ͨʹ certainly ĸӢʱ ڵע⵽shall  
will ֮Ĵͳ һЩڼ÷ܱȷȻеζЩͨĸ˽ѵ
һϤУͼshall ˺пܷ ѿԼһӢʽӢгμ should

= =
shallow
shal.low
AHD:[sh2l?] 
D.J.[6.#l*&]
K.K.[6.#lo]
adj.ݴʣ
shal.low.er,shal.low.est 
Measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking physical depth.
ǳģӵײ򶥲ٵģȱʵȵ
Lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge:
ǳģȱ֪ʶȵģ
This is a shallow parody of America(Lloyd Rose)See Synonyms at superficial 
һǳϷʫġ(Ͱ¡˹)μ superficial
Marked by insufficient inhalation of air; weak:
΢ģԿ벻Ϊģģ
shallow respirations.
΢ĺ
n.ʣ
A part of a body of water of little depth; a shoal. Often used in the plural:
ǳˮ򣺾кǳȵˮһ֣ǳ̲ͨ
abandoned the boat in the shallows.
ǳ̲
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
shal.lowed,shal.low.ing,shal.lows 
To make or become shallow.
ǳʹΪǳ
?
Middle English shalowe 
йӢ shalowe 
?
shallowly
adv.ʣ
shallowness
n.ʣ

= =
shame
shame
AHD:[sh3m] 
D.J.[.e!m]
K.K.[.em]
n.ʣ
A painful emotion caused by a strong sense of guilt, embarrassment, unworthiness, or disgrace.
߳ܣһǿҵķСȸС޼ֵлʹ
Capacity for such a feeling:
߳ģһָЧܣ
Have you no shame?
ûܸ߳?
One that brings dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation.
ɳܵˣɳܵʡӵ
A condition of disgrace or dishonor; ignominy.See Synonyms at disgrace 
У򲻹ʵ״̬μ disgrace
A great disappointment.
ź޴ʧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shamed,sham.ing,shames 
To cause to feel shame; put to shame.
ʹе߳ܣʹ߳
To bring dishonor or disgrace on.
ʹѲʵĻ
To disgrace by surpassing.
ʹμ׾ͨԽʹɥʧ
To force by making ashamed:
ͨʹɳ裻ʹ
He was shamed into making an apology.
Ǹ
?
put to shame
To fill with shame; disgrace.
ʹ裻ʹ
To outdo thoroughly; surpass:
ȫʤԽ
Your productivity has put the rest of us to shame.
ĸЧʹ޵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceamu 
Դ Ӣ sceamu 

= =
shampoo
sham.poo
AHD:[sh2m-p?] 
D.J.[.#m6pu8]
K.K.[.#m6pu]
n.ʣ
 sham.poos 
Any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp.
ϴϴˮһϴͷͷƤҺ̬״ϴҩ
Any of various cleaning agents for rugs, upholstery, or cars.
ϴһĨ̺
The act or process of washing or cleaning with shampoo.
ϴϴϴΪ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
sham.pooed,sham.poo.ing,sham.poos 
To wash or undergo washing with shampoo.
ϴϴ
?
From Hindi c??} [imperative of] c?pn3 [to press] 
Դ ӡ c??}  [] c?pn3ʹ [ѹ] 
?
shampooer
n.ʣ

= =
shape
shape
AHD:[sh3p] 
D.J.[.e!p]
K.K.[.ep]
n.ʣ
The characteristic surface configuration of a thing; an outline or a contour.See Synonyms at form 
״ĳһԱ״߲μ form
Something distinguished from its surroundings by its outline.
ΣͨΧĳ
The contour of a person's body; the figure.
ģһ˵ߣ
A definite, distinctive form:
ʽһȷġɫʽ
The bomb gave the shape of life, outer and inner, an irreversible charge; a sense of fatefulness would now lie on all things(Alfred Kazin)
ըڼڵ޷ֲĴۣĸоһС()
A desirable form:
ԭ״һʽ
a fabric that holds its shape.
һȻԭ״֯
A form or condition in which something may exist or appear; embodiment:
ĳЩܴڻֵʽ״̬
a god in the shape of a swan.
Ϊ
Assumed or false appearance; guise.
αװװĻٵαװ
A ghostly form; a phantom.
һʽ
Something, such as a mold or pattern, used to give or determine form.
ʽȷʽĳģӻʽ
The proper condition of something necessary for action, effectiveness, or use:
״̬жЧ;бҪĳĺ״̬
an athlete in excellent shape.
״̬ѵ˶Ա
v.ʣ
shaped,shap.ing,shapes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a particular form to; create.
죺衭һ״
To cause to conform to a particular form or pattern; adapt to fit.
ʹϣʹһʽʽһ£ʹʺ
To plan to bring about the realization or accomplishment of; devise.
߻ƻʵֻɣ
To embody in a definite form:
֣һȷʽ֣
shaped a folk legend into a full-scale opera.
һ䴫˵һͬĸ
To adapt to a particular use or purpose; adjust.
ʹ;Ŀģ
To direct the course of:
ָḶ̌
He shaped history as well as being shaped by it(Robert J. Samuelson)
ʷһҲʷ(޲J.Ѷɭ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to pass; happen.
ʼ
To take on a definite shape or form. Often used withup  or into.  
áʽһȷʽʽup  into  
?
shape up
Informal To turn out; develop.
ʽ ֤ʵչ
To improve so as to meet a standard:
ĽԺϺ׼
Either shape up or ship out.
úøɾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gesceap [a creation] 
Դ Ӣ gesceap [] 
?
shapable  
shapeable
adj.ݴʣ
shaped
adj.ݴʣ
shaper
n.ʣ
?
SHAPE
SHAPE
abbr.
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe.
ŷ˾˾

= =
share
share 1
AHD:[shar] 
D.J.[.e*]
K.K.[.Wr]
n.ʣ
A part or portion belonging to, distributed to, contributed by, or owed by a person or group.
һݣڡһ˻һ֯乱׻ӵеĲֻݶ
An equitable portion:
ݶƽķݶ
do one's share of the work.
ӦǷݹ
Abbr. sh.,shr.Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a corporation or company is divided.
д sh.,shr.ɷݣһ˾˾ĹƱʽ𱻷ֳȲֵһ
v.ʣ
shared,shar.ing,shares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide and parcel out in shares; apportion.
䣺Էݶʽֿ䣻
To participate in, use, enjoy, or experience jointly with another or others.
룺һ˻˹ͬμӡʹáܻ
To accord a share in (something) to another or others:
ĳһݸһ˻ˣ
shared her chocolate bar with a friend.
ǹɿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a share or part:
ӵһݻ򲿷֣
shared in the profits.

?
go shares
To be concerned or partake equally or jointly, as in a business venture.
ֵͬʱͬеҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English scearu [division] * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ scearu [] *μ sker- 1
?
shareable  
sharable
adj.ݴʣ
sharer
n.ʣ
?
share,participate,partake
These verbs refer to acquiring, having, using, being involved in, or experiencing something jointly with another or others.
Щָһ˹ͬȡСʹáĳ
 Share   applies both to giving and to receiving partial possession, use, or enjoyment: 
 Share  ӦڸͽֲܲƲʹȨ֣ 
Share my harvest and my home  (Thomas Hood). 
ҵջҵļͥ ˹£ 
You English gentlefolk do not let us share your griefs; you keep them to yourselves  (John Galsworthy).It can also refer to possession, use, or enjoyment in common by a group: 
ӢʿǷֵǵĲңԼǡ Լ߶˹Ҳָһ֯ĲƲʹȨ֣ 
Their wives and families shared their lot  (George Bancroft). 
ǵӺͼͥͬеǵˡ Ρ޷أ 
The manufacturer and the dealer shared in the expense of advertising.
뾭̹ͬеá
Participate  implies taking part in something, such as an activity, together with another or others: 
Participate  ָһ˻˲μĳ 
if we had been allowed to participate in the vital processes of America's national growth  (Richard Wright).
ǵʱμ巢չĲȱٵĽ̡ ¡أ
 Partake  often refers to having or taking a portion of something, such as food;it can also mean to have part of the quality, nature, or character of something: 
 Partake  ָлȡĳһݣʳҲָĳԻһ֣ 
partake of many gifts of fortune and power that I was never born to  (Joseph Addison); 
һдδйĲƸȨ Լɪ˹ 
an inarticulate noise partaking of a groan and a grunt  (Joseph Conrad).
͹Ĳɤ Լɪ򡤿£
?
share
share 2
AHD:[shar] 
D.J.[.e*]
K.K.[.Wr]
n.ʣ
A plowshare.
ͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sc?r * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ sc?r *μ sker- 1

= =
sharp
sharp
AHD:[sh?rp] 
D.J.[.$8p]
K.K.[.$rp]
adj.ݴʣ
sharp.er,sharp.est 
Having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable of cutting or piercing.
ģڻܹжϻ̵ıԵϸ
Having clear form and detail:
ģʽϸڵģ
a sharp photographic image.
Ӱ
Terminating in an edge or a point:
ͻߵģڱԵ򶥵㴦ֹģ
sharp, angular cliffs; a sharp nose.
վ᾵ͱڣı
Clearly and distinctly set forth:
ԵģԵȷϵģ
sharp contrasts in behavior.
ھֹϵԱ
Abrupt or acute:
ͻȻģԵģ
a sharp drop; a sharp turn.
׹䣻ת
Intellectually penetrating; astute.
ģģ
Marked by keenness and accuracy of perception:
ģĸ֪;ȷΪģ
sharp hearing.

Crafty or deceitful, as in business dealings:
ģƻĻƭģҵУ
sharp selling practices.
۲
Vigilant; alert:
ģģ
kept a sharp lookout for shoplifters.
̵˳ǣ
Briskly or keenly cold and cutting:
̹ǵģ˵Ļǿҵĺ䲢絶ģ
a sharp wind.
̹ǵĺ
Harsh or biting in tone or character:
ģԸϼ̵ģ
sharp criticism.

Fierce or impetuous; violent:
ǿᣬ±çģױģ
a sharp temper; a sharp assault.
ƢҵϮ
Intense; severe:
ҵģصģ
a sharp pain.
ʹ
Sudden and shrill:
ģͻȻģ
a sharp whistle.
̶ĵ
Sudden and brilliant or dazzling:
ҫĿģͻȻĿģ
a sharp flash of lightning.
ҫ۵һ
Strongly affecting the senses of smell and taste:
̼йٵģǿӰζģ
a sharp, pungent odor; a sharp cheese.
̱ǵζɬ
Composed of hard, angular particles:
ӲģɼӲɼǵĿɵģ
sharp sand.
ʯɰ
Music 
֡ 
Raised in pitch by a semitone.
ģ߰
Being above the proper pitch.
ƫߵģ
Having the key signature in sharps.
Ǻŵ
Linguistics Voiceless. Used of a consonant.
ѧ ģġڸ
Informal Attractive or stylish:
ʽ ˵ģʱֵģ
a sharp jacket.
һƯļп
adv.ʣ
In a sharp manner:
أҵأ
hit me sharp on the brow.
ҵĶͷ
Punctually; exactly:
أ׼ʱأ׼ȷأ
at three o'clock sharp.

Music Above the true or proper pitch.
֡ ƫߵأʵ
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A note or tone raised one semitone above its normal pitch.
߰һ򵥵
A sign (^) indicating this.
ָʾķ(^)
A slender sewing needle with a very fine point.
룺ϸĳ
Informal 
ʽ 
An expert.
ר
A shrewd cheater; a sharper.
թƭӣƭ
v.ʣ
sharped,sharp.ing,sharps ֡ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise in pitch by a semitone.
߰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play or sing above the proper pitch.
質
?
Middle English sharp 
йӢ sharp 
from Old English scearp [slope] * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ scearp [б] *μ sker- 1
?
sharply
adv.ʣ
sharpness
n.ʣ
?
sharp,keen,acute
These adjectives all apply literally to fine edges, points, or tips: 
Щݴʵ˼ʾмϸıԵ⣺ 
a sharp knife;
ĵ
a keen blade;
ĵУ
a leaf with an acute end. Figuratively they indicate mental alertness and clarity of comprehension.
м˵Ҷӡ Ǳ˼ά
 Sharp  suggests quickness and astuteness: 
 Sharp  ָʹ 
a young man of sharp and active intellect  (John Henry Newman).
һԾͷԵˡ ԼŦ
 Keen  implies clear-headedness and acuity: 
 Keen  ָͷ 
Women with keen intelligent minds are making inroads in formerly male-dominated occupations.
ǵŮڽǰռƵְҵС
Acute  suggests penetrating perception or discernment: 
Acute  ָĸ֪ 
an acute observer of politics and politicians. See also Synonyms at  fashionable 
һλμ񶴲Ĺ۲ μͬ fashionable
?
Sharp
Sharp
AHD:[sh\adie/rp] Phillip Allen (Born 1944) 
D.J.[.$8p]
K.K.[.$rp]
NONE޴ԣ
American biologist who shared a 1993 Nobel prize in medicine for discovering that some genes are not continuous but instead contain sequences, known as introns, that do not function 
as codes for the formation of a protein.
գ֡ףѧңĳЩ򲢲ԵģǺУڵʵγвûзӴã˷1993ŵ

= =
sharpen
sharp.en
AHD:[sh?rpn] 
D.J.[6.$8p*n]
K.K.[6.$rp*n]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
sharp.ened,sharp.en.ing,sharp.ens 
To make or become sharp or sharper.
ʹʹΪĻ
?
sharpener
n.ʣ

= =
shatter
shat.ter
AHD:[sh2tr] 
D.J.[6.#t*]
K.K.[6.#t+]
v.ʣ
shat.tered,shat.ter.ing,shat.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to break or burst suddenly into pieces, as with a violent blow.
飺ʹͻȻѿƬǿҵĴ
To damage seriously; disable:
ʹƻʹ
His health was shattered by the disease.
Ľ򼲲
To cause the destruction or ruin of; destroy:
ٻ𡭵Ļٻƻ
The outcome of the conflict shattered our dreams of peace and prosperity.
ͻĺݻǶԺƽ뷱ٵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break into pieces; smash or burst.See Synonyms at break 
飺ѳƬѲμ break
n.ʣ
The act of shattering.
ƻƻΪ
The condition of being shattered.
ƻ״̬
Often shatters A splintered or fragmented condition:
  shatters 飺ѻֳƬ״̬
a rare piece of porcelain now in shatters.
һϡеĴѾ֧
?
Middle English shateren 
йӢ shateren 
from Old English *sceaterian [to scatter] 
Դ Ӣ *sceaterian [ɢ] 
?
shatteringly
adv.ʣ

= =
shave
shave
AHD:[sh3v] 
D.J.[.e!v]
K.K.[.ev]
v.ʣ
shaved,shaved  shav.en [sh3vn] shav.ing,shaves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the beard or other body hair from, with a razor or shaver.
뵶굶ȥӻë
To cut (the beard, for example) at the surface of the skin with a razor or shaver.
꣬ȥ뵶굶Ƥ룩
To crop, trim, or mow closely:
޼ؼ̡û׸
shave a meadow.
޼ƺ
To remove thin slices from:
ӡ±Ƭ
shave a board.
ľ
To cut or scrape into thin slices; shred:
гɱƬӡɱƬ˺Ƭ
shave chocolate.
ɿгɱƬ
To come close to or graze in passing.See Synonyms at brush 1
ӹͨʱӽμ brush1
To purchase (a note) at a reduction greater than the legal or customary rate.
ɱڱȷͳıöĽйֽң
To cut (a price) by a slight margin.
ۣ΢Сӯ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remove beard or hair with a razor or shaver.
룬ë굶ȥë
n.ʣ
The act, process, or result of shaving.
Ϊ̻
A thin slice or scraping; a shaving.
µıƬһƬмƬ
Any of various tools used for shaving.
굶Ĺ
?
Middle English shaven [to scrape] 
йӢ shaven [β] 
from Old English sceafan 
Դ Ӣ sceafan 

= =
she
she
AHD:[sh?] 
D.J.[.i8]
K.K.[.i]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to the woman or girl previously mentioned or implied.See Usage Note at I 1
ָἰָĸŮСŮμ I1
Used to refer to a female animal.
Զ
Used in place ofit  to refer to certain inanimate things, such as ships and nations, traditionally perceived as female: 
it ָĳЩִ壬ͳر֪ΪŮԵģ 
The sea is mother-death and she is a mighty female(Anne Sexton)
֮ĸȷʵŮԻġ(ݡ˹)
n.ʣ
A female animal or person:
һԶˣ
Is the cat a she?
һֻĸè?
?
Middle English she 
йӢ she 
probably alteration of Old English s?o [feminine demonstrative pron.] * see  so- 
Ϊ Ӣ s? [ָʾ] *μ so- 

= =
shear
shear
AHD:[sh?r] 
D.J.[.!*]
K.K.[.!r]
v.ʣ
sheared,sheared  shorn [sh?rn, sh?rn] shear.ing,shears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove (fleece or hair) by cutting or clipping.
ϣͨиǯȥëë
To remove the hair or fleece from.
ȥëӡȥëë
To cut with or as if with shears:
޼ûüи
shearing a hedge.

To divest or deprive as if by cutting:
᣺ƺͨиȥ
The prisoners were shorn of their dignity.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use a cutting tool such as shears.
Уʹиߣ
To move or proceed by or as if by cutting:
Խͨͨиƶǰ
shear through the wheat.

Physics To become deformed by forces tending to produce a shearing strain.
ѧ б䣺ڲӦ
n.ʣ
A pair of scissors. Often used in the plural.
һѼ
Any of various implements or machines that cut with a scissorlike action. Often used in the plural.
лԼ״и豸
The act, process, or result of shearing.
УеΪ̻
Something cut off by shearing.
µĶϵĳ
The act, process, or fact of shearing. Used to indicate a sheep's age:
ëеΪ̻ʵʾ䣺
a two-shear ram.
ëĹ
Also sheers [sh?rz] (used with a sing. or pl. verb)An apparatus used to lift heavy weights, consisting of two or more spars joined at the top and spread at the base, the tackle being 
suspended from the top.
 Ҳ sheers [sh?rz] 뵥ãǼܣеڶӶڻɢ˹ɣл
Physics 
ѧ 
An applied force or system of forces that tends to produce a shearing strain.Also called  shearing stress ,shear stress 
ӦڲӦӦϵҲ  shearing stress,shear stress
A shearing strain.
Ӧ
?
Middle English scheren 
йӢ scheren 
from Old English sceran 
Դ Ӣ sceran 
N., from Middle English shere 
ʣԴ йӢ shere 
from Old English sc?r * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ sc?r *μ sker- 1
?
shearer
n.ʣ

= =
shed
shed 1
AHD:[shd] 
D.J.[.ed]
K.K.[.Wd]
v.ʣ
shed,shed.ding,sheds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to pour forth:
ʹǰӿ
shed tears.

To diffuse or radiate; send forth or impart:
ɢɢ䣻裺
shed light.

To repel without allowing penetration:

A duck's feathers shed water.
Ѽӵëմˮ
To lose by natural process:
䣺ͨȻݻʧȥ
a snake shedding its skin.
ѵ
To rid oneself of (something not wanted or needed):
ȥȥҪҪĶ
I shed 25 pounds as a result of my new diet.
ʹʳ׺Ҽȥ25
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lose a natural growth or covering by natural process.
ȥͨȻʧȥȻ򸲸
To pour forth, fall off, or drop out:
䣺ǰӿ
All the leaves have shed.
еҶӶ
n.ʣ
Something that sheds, especially an elevation in the earth's surface from which water flows in two directions; a watershed.
ˮ룺ʹɢĳЩָĸߵأˮɸôˮ
Something that has been shed.
֮ĳЩѵĶ
?
shed blood
To take life, especially with violence; kill.
ɱָԱɱ
?
Middle English sheden [to separate, shed] 
йӢ sheden [룬ɢ] 
from Old English sc?n [to divide] * see  skei- 
Դ Ӣ sc?n [] *μ skei- 
?
shed
shed 2
AHD:[shd] 
D.J.[.ed]
K.K.[.Wd]
n.ʣ
A small structure, either freestanding or attached to a larger structure, serving for storage or shelter.
һֶڻڽϴṹСṹ洦ڱ
A large low structure often open on all sides.
⣺涼Ĵ͵Ͱ
?
Alteration of Middle English shadde 
 йӢ shaddeı仯 
perhaps variant of shade [shade] * see  shade 
Ϊ shadeı [֮] *μ shade

= =
sheep
sheep
AHD:[sh?p] 
D.J.[.i8p]
K.K.[.ip]
n.ʣ
 sheep 
Any of various usually horned ruminant mammals of the genusOvis  in the family Bovidae, especially the domesticated species O. aries,  raised in many breeds for wool, edible flesh, 
or skin. 
һţƶ нǷۻ鶯ָ ɽ ëʳƤ㷺ֳ 
Leather made from the skin of one of these animals.
ƤЩƤƳɵƤ
A person regarded as timid, weak, or submissive.
СˣΪ˳ѹֵ
One who is easily swayed or led.
ѱˣڰڲ쵼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sc?p 
Դ Ӣ sc?p 

= =
sheer
sheer 1
AHD:[sh?r] 
D.J.[.!*]
K.K.[.!r]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
sheered,sheer.ing,sheers 
To swerve or cause to swerve from a course.
ʹƫʹתʹһнת
n.ʣ
A swerving or deviating course.
ƫķתĻƫн
Nautical 
 
The upward curve or amount of upward curve of the longitudinal lines of a ship's hull as viewed from the side.
ϻӲ۲ĴǾߵ߻ߵ
The position in which a ship is placed to enable it to keep clear of a single bow anchor.
êϵĴλôʹ֮ڸôֵêͣλ
?
Probably partly from Low German scheren [to move to and from: said of boats] 
ܲԴ ͵ص scheren [ƶָ] 
and partly from Dutch scheren [to withdraw] * see  sker- 1
ԴԺ scheren [] *μ sker- 1
?
sheer
sheer 2
AHD:[sh?r] 
D.J.[.!*]
K.K.[.!r]
adj.ݴʣ
sheer.er,sheer.est 
Thin, fine, and transparent:
ģġϸ͸ģ
sheer curtains; sheer chiffon.See Synonyms at airy 
͸˿֯ɴμ airy
Completely such, without qualification or exception:
ȫȻģȫġûƻģ
sheer stupidity; sheer happiness.
ʮ޴Ҹ
Free from admixture or adulterants; unmixed:
ģڻӻӵģδϵģ
sheer alcohol.See Synonyms at pure 
ƾμ pure
Considered or operating apart from anything else:
Եģȫġġǻõģ
got the job through sheer persistence.
ִͨŵ׷Ƿݹ
Almost perpendicular; steep:
ֱأ͵ģ
sheer rock cliffs.See Synonyms at steep 1
͵ʯ²μ steep1
adv.ʣ
Almost perpendicularly.
ֱ
Completely; altogether.
ȫأȫȻ
?
Obsolete shere [thin, clear] 
 shere [ģ͸] 
partly from Middle English shir [bright, clear]  from Old English scor 
Դ йӢ shir [ģ͸]  Դ Ӣ scor 
and partly from Middle English skir [bright, clean]  from Old Norse sk?rr 
ҲԴ йӢ skir [ģ]  Դ ˹ά sk?rr 
?
sheerly
adv.ʣ
sheerness
n.ʣ

= =
sheet
sheet 1
AHD:[sh?t] 
D.J.[.i8t]
K.K.[.it]
n.Abbr. sh.,sht.ʣд sh.,sht.
A broad rectangular piece of fabric serving as a basic article of bedding.
һԾߵĻƷĳε֯
A broad, thin, usually rectangular mass or piece of material, such as paper, metal, glass, or plywood.
Ƭ壺ģͨǳλƬ״Ĳϣֽšа
A flat or very shallow, usually rectangular pan used for baking.
ƽױһƽĻǳǳģͨΪεƽ׹ڱ
A broad, flat, continuous surface or expanse:
һƬƽ̹ı
a sheet of ice.
һƬ
A moving expanse:
ƶ
a sheet of flames.
һƬ
A newspaper, especially a tabloid.
ָֽֽС
Geology A broad, relatively thin deposit or layer of igneous or sedimentary rock.
ѧ ҴġԱĻɵĻʯĳ
A large block of stamps printed by a single impression of a plate before the individual stamps have been separated.
ƱƱǰɵһӡƵһƱ
v.ʣ
sheet.ed,sheet.ing,sheets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover with, wrap in, or provide with a sheet.
̸ǣõӸǡṩ
To make into sheets.
ʹƬƳƬ״
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To flow or fall in a sheet:
Ƭ»
rain sheeting against the windshield.
ڵ粣
adj.ݴʣ
Being in the form of a sheet:
Ƭ״ģƬ״ģ
sheet aluminum.
Ƭ
?
Middle English shete [cloth] 
йӢ shete [Ĩ] 
from Old English sc?e * see  skeud- 
Դ Ӣ sc?e *μ skeud- 
?
sheet
sheet 2
AHD:[sh?t]  
D.J.[.i8t]
K.K.[.it]
n.ʣ
A rope or chain attached to one or both of the lower corners of a sail, serving to move or extend it.
ڷĽϵͽǲӻƶ
sheets The spaces at either end of an open boat in front of and behind the seats.
 sheets մĴͷβĿλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sheet.ed,sheet.ing,sheets 
To extend in a certain direction. Used of the sheets of a sail.
չ緫ĳһ졣ڷ緫
?
three sheets to the wind 
three sheets in the wind ʽ
Intoxicated; drunk.
еģжģ
?
Middle English shete 
йӢ shete 
from Old English sc?) [sheet (line)] 
Դ Ӣ sc?) [Ƭߣ] 
from sc?a [corner of a sail] * see  skeud- 
Դ sc?a [Ľ] *μ skeud- 

= =
shelf
shelf
AHD:[shlf] 
D.J.[.elf]
K.K.[.Wlf]
n.ʣ
 shelves[shlvz]  
A flat, usually rectangular structure composed of a rigid material, such as wood, glass, or metal, fixed at right angles to a wall or other vertical surface and used to hold or store objects.
ӣһƽ̹ġͨʳβɸԲɵĽṹֱǹ̶ǽֱϣԱƷ
The contents or capacity of such a structure.
ϵƷֽṹں
Something, such as a projecting ledge of rock or a balcony, that resembles such a structure.
״ṹ壬ʯͻֻ̨
A reef, sandbar, or shoal.
ɳޣǳ̲
Bedrock.
Ҵ
?
off the shelf
Available from merchandise in stock; not custom-made.
ֻӦڴƷܵõģǶƵ
on the shelf
In a state of disuse.
֮߸ģڲʹ״̬
Unemployed.
δӶ
Out of circulation.
ͨ
Retired.
ݵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Middle Low German schelf * see  skel- 1
Դ йŵ͵ص schelf *μ skel- 1
?
shelfful
AHD:[-f?l] ʣ

= =
shell
shell
AHD:[shl] 
D.J.[.el]
K.K.[.Wl]
n.ʣ
The usually hard outer covering that encases certain organisms, such as mollusks, insects, and turtles; the carapace.
׿ǣͨΪӲⲿĳЩл壬嶯漰ꣻ׿
A similar outer covering on an egg, a fruit, or a nut.
ǣǣˮⲿ
The material that constitutes such a covering.
ϣָĲ
Something resembling or having the form of a shell, especially:
״ƻпǵ״ĳָ
An external, usually hard, protective or enclosing case or cover.
ǣⲿͨӲıԻΧֻ
A framework or an exterior, as of a building.
ܣǼܣĿܻⲿװ
A thin layer of pastry.
Ƥı
The external part of the ear.
ⲿĲ
Nautical 
 
The hull of a ship.
ǣִĴ
A long, narrow racing boat propelled by rowers.
ͧɽƶǰĳխ
A small glass for beer.
ơƱʢơƵСͲ
A projectile or piece of ammunition, especially the hollow tube containing explosives used to propel such a projectile.
Ͳǹָ֧ƶһıըпչ
A metal or cardboard case containing the charge, primer, and shot fired from a shotgun.
ӵǣװлҩǹһֽ
An attitude or a manner adopted to mask one's true feelings.
Σڸĳʵ̬Ȼʽ
Physics 
ѧ 
Any of the set of hypothetical spherical surfaces centered on the nucleus of an atom that contain the orbitals of electrons having the same principal quantum number.
ӿǲ㣺һΧԭͬĵӹڵһٶα
An analogous pattern of protons and neutrons within a nucleus.
ԭӺڵӵģʽ
A usually sleeveless and collarless, typically knit blouse.
֯ģͨ죬Ǳ֯
The outermost layer of a lined garment such as a coat or jacket:
·㣺ӳװ»п˵㣺
a parka with a waterproof shell.
зˮĶ
Computer Science A program that works with the operating system as a command processor, used to enter commands and initiate their execution.
ѧ ͳǳΪĲϵͳһеĳʹ벢ʹгʼ
v.ʣ
shelled,shell.ing,shells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the shell of; shuck:
ȥǣȥĿǣƤ
shell oysters.
ĵ
To remove from a shell:
ӿϳȥ
shell peas.
㶹
To separate the kernels of (corn) from the cob.
װϷ루ף
To fire shells at; bombard.
ڻ򡭿ں
To defeat decisively.
Եػ
Baseball To hit the pitches of (a pitcher) hard and with regularity:
 ҵزйԵػͶֵģͶ
shelled the pitcher for eight runs in the first inning.
ڵһͶ־öִ˰˴ΰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To shed or become free of a shell.
ѿǣȥȥ
To look for or collect shells, as on a seashore:
ʰǣѰһռǣںϣ
spent the day shelling on Cape Cod.
һʱڿƵ½Ѽ
?
shell out ʽ
To hand over; pay:
룻꣺
had to shell out $500 in car repairs.
븶500Ԫ޳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English scell * see  skel- 1
Դ Ӣ scell *μ skel- 1
?
shell
adj.ݴʣ
sheller
n.ʣ

= =
shelter
shel.ter
AHD:[shltr] 
D.J.[6.elt*]
K.K.[6.Wlt+]
n.ʣ
Something that provides cover or protection, as from the weather.
ڸṩڸǻ򱣻ĶԸ
A refuge; a haven.
ȫ
An establishment that provides temporary housing for homeless people.
Ϊ޼ҿɹṩʱϢĻ
The state of being covered or protected.
ڱΣ򱣻״̬
v.ʣ
shel.tered,shel.ter.ing,shel.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide cover or protection for.
ΣΪṩǻ򱣻
To invest (income) to protect it from taxation.
Ͷʣ˰룩ͶԱ˰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take cover; find refuge.
ѣ䣻ҵ
?
Perhaps from Middle English sheltron [tight battle formation] 
Դ йӢ sheltron [ܵս] 
from Old English scildtruma 
Դ Ӣ scildtruma 
scield [shield] * see  shield 
scield [] *μ shield
truma [troop] * see  deru- 
truma [] *μ deru- 
?
shelterer
n.ʣ
shelterless
adj.ݴʣ
?
shelter,cover,retreat,refuge,asylum,sanctuary
These nouns refer to places affording protection, as from danger, or to the state of being protected.
ЩʶָṩĳֹΣջ򱻱״̬
 Shelter   usually implies a covered or enclosed area that protects temporarily, as from injury or attack: 
 Shelter  ָͨṩʱı˺򹥻ǻΧ 
A cold frame provides shelter for the seedlings.
Ϊṩ䴲
And the dead tree gives no shelter (T.S. Eliot).
ṩ (TSأ
 Cover  suggests something, as bushes, that conceals: 
 Cover  ָṩӻĳľ 
The army mounted the invasion under cover of darkness.
ҹɫڻ·
Retreat  applies chiefly to a secluded place to which one retires for meditation, peace, or privacy: 
Retreat  ҪĳΪ˼ƽͶ˾ӵӳ 
Their cabin in the woods served as a retreat from the pressures of business.
еСľǶѹӴ
Refuge   suggests a place of escape from pursuit or from difficulties that beset one: 
Refuge  ָ׷ٻѵĳ 
vagrants and criminals, who make this wild country a refuge from justice  (Sir Walter Scott). 
˺ﷸҰΪеı ɪ߶ء˹أ 
The great advantage of a hotel is that it's a refuge from home life  (George Bernard Shaw).
סùݵŵΪͥı Ρɵ¡
 Asylum   adds to 
 Asylum   
 refuge   the idea of legal protection against a pursuer or of immunity from arrest: 
 refuge  ˶Ա׷ṩϷԶ׷߻򲻱˼ 
O! receive the fugitive and prepare in time an asylum for mankind (Thomas Paine).
ŶӷʱΪ׼ӻ ˹
 Sanctuary   denotes a sacred or inviolable place of refuge: 
 Sanctuary  ָʥĻ򲻿ַıѳ 
Some of the political refugees found sanctuary in a monastery. 
һЩα޵Ժҵ˱ 

= =
shepherd
shep.herd
AHD:[shprd] 
D.J.[6.ep*d]
K.K.[6.Wp*d]
n.ʣ
One who herds, guards, and tends sheep.
ˣȺ
One who cares for and guides a group of people, as a minister or teacher.
ˣչ˲ָһȺ˵ˣ粿ʦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shep.herd.ed,shep.herd.ing,shep.herds 
To herd, guard, tend, or guide as or in the manner of a shepherd.See Synonyms at guide 
Ϊ˵ķʽϻμ guide
?
Middle English shepherde 
йӢ shepherde 
from Old English sc?e 
Դ Ӣ sc?e 
sc?p [sheep] 
sc?p [] 
hierde [herdsman] 
hierde [] 

= =
shield
shield
AHD:[sh?ld] 
D.J.[.i8ld]
K.K.[.ild]
n.ʣ
A broad piece of armor made of rigid material and strapped to the arm or carried in the hand for protection against hurled or thrusted weapons.
ܣһɼӲƳɵĿĻףֱϻУڷͶı
A person or thing that provides protection.
ܣṩ˻
A protective device or structure, as:
װûṹ磺
A steel sheet attached to an artillery piece to protect gunners from small-arms fire and shrapnel.
ڻ壺װڴϵһָƬڱֲСڵƬ˺
Physics A wall or housing of concrete or lead built around a nuclear reactor to prevent the escape of radiation.
ѧ ΣһûǦɵǽڻڱں˷ӦΧԷֹ˷й
Electronics A structure or arrangement of metal plates or mesh designed to protect a piece of electronic equipment from electrostatic or magnetic interference.
ѧ Σһ̨װܾŸŵһֽƬ׽ṹװ
A pad worn, as at the armpits, to protect a garment from perspiration.
棺һַֹ·մϺյĵӣһҸ
Zoology A protective plate or similar hard outer covering; a scute or scutellum.
ѧ ƬһֱԼƬƵļӲ㣬װСƬ
Something that resembles a shield, as:
ڶܵ壬磺
An escutcheon.

A decorative emblem that often serves to identify an organization or a government.
£һͨһ֯ݵװԱ־
A police officer's badge.
£ٵĻ
Geology A large lowland area, the geologic nucleus of a continent, whose bedrock consists of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are usually Precambrian in age:
ѧ ضܣƬ͵صһ½ĵغˣҴͨǰ͵ĻҺͱɣ
the Canadian Shield.
ôض
v.ʣ
shield.ed,shield.ing,shields 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To protect or defend with or as if with a shield; guard.See Synonyms at defend 
öܻöһμ defend
To cover up; conceal.
ӻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act or serve as a shield or safeguard.
ƻƻ
?
Middle English sheld 
йӢ sheld 
from Old English scield * see  skel- 1
Դ Ӣ scield *μ skel- 1
?
shielder
n.ʣ

= =
shift
shift
AHD:[sh1ft] 
D.J.[.!ft]
K.K.[.!ft]
v.ʣ
shift.ed,shift.ing,shifts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exchange (one thing) for another of the same class:
ãһͬһȼеһｻ
shifted assignments among the students.
ѧ֮佻ҵ
To move or transfer from one place or position to another.
ƶѡһطλƵ˵һط
To alter (position or place).
䶯λûط
To change (gears), as in an automobile.
ڼʻʱ
Linguistics To alter phonetically as part of a systematic historical change.
ѧ ʹ䣺ʹ仯ϵͳʷԱ仯Ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change position, direction, place, or form.
ı䣺ıλã򣬻ʽ
To provide for one's own needs; get along:
ıṩԼĶ跨
See me safe up: for my coming down, I can shift for myself(Thomas More)
ҲµģʹǣҲı·(˹Ī)
To get along by tricky or evasive means.
ƭƭֶλεַ
To change gears, as when driving an automobile.
ڼʻʱ
Linguistics To be altered as part of a systematic historical change. Used of speech sounds.
ѧ ΪʷԱ仯һݶı䣬
To select uppercase characters by depressing a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard.
תڴֻԼϰһʹɴдĸ
n.ʣ
A change from one person or configuration to another; a substitution.
תһ˻ṹһת䣻
A group of workers that relieve another on a regular schedule.
ְְ涨ճ̱һ˵һ๤
The working period of such a group:
ιʱ䣺һ๤˵Ĺʱ䣺
worked the night shift.
ֵҹ
A means to an end; an expedient.
ﵽĿĵֶΣԲ
A stratagem; a trick.
Ʋߣ
A change in direction:
ת򣺷ĸı䣺
a shift in the wind.
ĸı
A change in attitude, judgment, or emphasis.
̬ȣжϻصĸı
A change in position, as:
λõĸı䣬磺
Music A change of the position of the hand in playing the violin or a similar instrument.
֡ ѣСٻʱֵλõĸı
Football A rearrangement of players from one formation to another just prior to the snap of the ball.
 ĻΣǰԱһαһ
Baseball A rearrangement of one or more fielders for improved defense against a particular hitter.
 λΪ˼ǿĳضͶֵķ°һֵλ
Geology See  fault 
ѧ μ  fault 
Computer Science Movement of characters in a register to the left or right.
ѧ λַڼĴҵƶ
Physics A change in wavelength, causing a movement of a spectral band or line.
ѧ Ƶ䣺ı仯״ߵ˶
Linguistics 
ѧ 
A systematic change of the phonetic or phonemic structure of a language.
һλṹϵͳԱ仯
Functional shift.
ת
A loosely fitting dress that hangs straight from the shoulder; a chemise.
ŮһֱӴӼͷĿ·Ů
A woman's undergarment; a slip or chemise.
Ůʽ£ŮʽȹŮʽ
?
Middle English shiften 
йӢ shiften 
from Old English sciftan [to arrange, divide] 
Դ Ӣ sciftan [ţ] 
?
shifter
n.ʣ

= =
shilling
shil.ling
AHD:[sh1l1ng] 
D.J.[6.!l!0]
K.K.[6.!l!0]
n.ʣ
Abbr. s.A coin used in the United Kingdom, worth one twentieth of a pound, 5 new pence, or 12 old pence prior to 1971.
д s.ӢʹõһӲңֵʮ֮һ±ʿʮ1971ǰľɱʿ
A basic unit of currency in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda.See table at currency 
ǣ̹ɣǺڸɴĻҵλμ currency
Printing A virgule.
ӡˢ бߺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English scilling 
Դ Ӣ scilling 

= =
shine
shine
AHD:[shon] 
D.J.[.a!n]
K.K.[.a!n]
v.ʣ
shone[sh?n]   shined shin.ing,shines 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emit light.

To reflect light; glint or glisten.
⣻ҫ
To distinguish oneself in an activity or a field; excel.
ͣĳĳڳȺʤ
To be immediately apparent:
¶һӿԿ
Delight shone in her eyes.
¶֮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To aim or cast the beam or glow of (a light).
ѹ󣺰ѣһģâ׼Ͷ
past tense and past participle shined To make glossy or bright by polishing.
ȥʽ͹ȥִ shined ׹⣺ͨʹй
n.ʣ
Brightness from a source of light; radiance.
ɹԴ⣻
Brightness from reflected light; luster.
ɷĹĹ
A shoeshine.
Ь
Excellence in quality or appearance; splendor.
ƤЬɫ׿Խ
Fair weather:

rain or shine.

shines Informal Pranks or tricks.
 shines ʽ Ϸ
Slang Whiskey; moonshine.
ٵ ʿɣҾ
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a Black person.
 ٵ ڹԺ˵ĳƺ
?
take a shine toʽ
To like spontaneously.
ϲ
?
Middle English shinen 
йӢ shinen 
from Old English scon 
Դ Ӣ scon 

= =
ship
ship
AHD:[sh1p] 
D.J.[.!p]
K.K.[.!p]
n.ʣ
Nautical 
 
A vessel of considerable size for deep-water navigation.
еһϴĴֻ
A sailing vessel having three or more square-rigged masts.
ΦװϺᷫװΦ˵ķ
An aircraft or a spacecraft.
ɻɴ
The crew of one of these vessels.
ȫ崬ԱЩֻɻȫԱ
One's fortune:
ĳ˵
When my ship comes in, I'll move to a better apartment.
ҽ˺ˣҪҸõĹԢס
v.ʣ
shipped,ship.ping,ships 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Nautical To place or receive on board a ship.
 ʹϴѡڴϻ򡭽ϴ
To cause to be transported by or as if by ship; send.See Synonyms at send 1
ôͣʹôôͣͲμ send1
To hire (a person) for work on a ship.
ӶԱӶһˣϹ
Nautical To take in (water) over the side of a ship.
 ˮϲˮ
v.intr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To go aboard a ship; embark.
˴һϴ
To travel by ship.
˴
To hire oneself out or enlist for service on a ship.
ڴϹڴϵԱϴˮ
?
ship out
Nautical To accept a position on board a ship and serve as a crew member:
 ԱܴϵһְλΪһԱ
shipped out on a tanker.
ϵԱ
To leave, as for a distant place:
뿪뿪ȥһңԶĵط
troops shipping out to the Far East.
ǰԶĲ
To send, as to a distant place.
ͣǲ絽һңԶĵط
Informal To quit, resign from, or otherwise vacate a position:
ʽ ְְְ˳ĳְλ
Shape up or ship out.
ЩҪô͹
?
tight ship
A well-managed and efficient business, household, or organization:
һƣЧʸߵҵͥ֯
We run a tight ship.
ǾӪһģҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English scip 
Դ Ӣ scip 

= =
shipment
ship.ment
AHD:[sh1pmnt] 
D.J.[6.!pm*nt]
K.K.[6.!pm*nt]
n.Abbr. shpt.ʣд shpt.
The act or an instance of shipping goods.
װˣװػĶ
A quantity of goods or cargo that are shipped together.
װһװصһƷ

= =
shirt
shirt
AHD:[sh?rt] 
D.J.[.T8t]
K.K.[.Pt]
n.ʣ
A garment for the upper part of the body, typically having a collar, sleeves, and a front opening.
һ·ͨһӣڣǰһ
An undershirt.

A nightshirt.
ʽ˯
?
keep (one's) shirt onٵ
To remain calm or patient:
򾲻ģ
The plane doesn't land for another hour, so keep your shirt on.
ɻҪһСʱ½뱣
lose (one's) shirtٵ
To lose everything one has or owns.
ɥʧһУɥʧһеĻӵеһ
the shirt off (one's) backٵ
The maximum one is able to give or lose:
ʧһܸʧȥ޶
The only thing those swindlers didn't take was the shirt off my back.
ЩƭΨһûߵľ
?
Middle English shirte 
йӢ shirte 
from Old English scyrte [skirt] * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ scyrte [°] *μ sker- 1

= =
shiver
shiver 1
AHD:[sh1vr] 
D.J.[6.!v*]
K.K.[6.!v+]
v.ʣ
shiv.ered,shiv.er.ing,shiv.ers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To shake with or as if with cold; tremble.See Synonyms at shake 
£ߺμ shake
To quiver or vibrate, as by the force of the wind.
ڷȶ
v.tr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To cause (a sail) to flutter by sailing too close to the wind.
ںʱ̫ʹ
n.ʣ
An instance of shivering or trembling.
»ʵ
shivers An attack of shivering. Used withthe.  
 shivers ͻȻʹʱǰthe  
?
Middle English chiveren, shiveren 
йӢ chiveren, shiveren 
?
shiver
shiver 2
AHD:[sh1vr] 
D.J.[6.!v*]
K.K.[6.!v+]
v.ʣ
shiv.ered,shiv.er.ing,shiv.ers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To break into fragments or splinters; shatter.
飬飺ƬƬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to break suddenly into fragments or splinters.See Synonyms at break 
飺ʹƬƬμ break
n.ʣ
A fragment or splinter.
ƬƬ
?
Middle English shiveren 
йӢ shiveren 
from shivere [splinter] * see  skei- 
Դ shivere [Ƭ] *μ skei- 

= =
shock
shock 1
AHD:[sh?k] 
D.J.[.Kk]
K.K.[.$k]
n.ʣ
A violent collision or impact; a heavy blow.See Synonyms at collision 
ҵײصһμ collision
The effect of such a collision or blow.
𶯣ײЧ
Something that jars the mind or emotions as if with a violent, unexpected blow.
𾪣ңͻȻһһ̼Ķ
The disturbance of function, equilibrium, or mental faculties caused by such a blow; violent agitation.
ţִǿҵĻܣƽܵĻ
A severe offense to one's sense of propriety or decency; an outrage.
ðĳ˵ĹΥð
A generally temporary state of massive physiological reaction to severe physical or emotional trauma, usually characterized by marked loss of blood pressure and depression of vital 
processes.
ݿˣصĴ˵ĴΧӦ״̬ͨΪһʱ״̬һѪѹԵĽͺ̵˥
The sensation and muscular spasm caused by an electric current passing through the body or a body part.
һɵͨһĸоͼľ
A sudden economic disturbance, such as a rise in the price of a commodity.
ͻȻĻңƷ۸
A shock absorber.

v.ʣ
shocked,shock.ing,shocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with great surprise and emotional disturbance.
ʹ𾪣ʹȵľϵĲ
To strike with disgust; offend.
ʹ㵣ʹ֮飻ʹе
To induce a state of physical shock in (a person).
ݿˣڣһϣһݿ˵״̬
To subject (an animal or a person) to an electric shock.
ӵڡʹһͷһˣܵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come into contact violently, as in battle; collide.
ײҵؽӴսУײ
?
French choc 
 choc 
from choquer [to collide with] 
Դ choquer [롭ײ] 
from Old French chuquier 
Դ ŷ chuquier 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
shock
shock 2
AHD:[sh?k] 
D.J.[.Kk]
K.K.[.$k]
n.ʣ
A number of sheaves of grain stacked upright in a field for drying.
ѣҰдɵĶ
A thick, heavy mass:
һѣһŨܵһѣ
a shock of white hair.
һͷ׷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shocked,shock.ing,shocks 
To gather (grain) into shocks.
ѣѣ£ɺ
?
Middle English shok 
йӢ shok 

= =
shoe
shoe
AHD:[sh?] 
D.J.[.u8]
K.K.[.u]
n.ʣ
A durable covering for the human foot, made of leather or similar material with a rigid sole and heel, usually extending no higher than the ankle.
Ьһõĸ˽ŵĸƤƲɣ׺ЬȽϽͨ߶Ȳ
A horseshoe.

A part or device that is located at the base of something or that functions as a protective covering, as:
Уһλĳĵײ𱣻õĸһݻװã磺
A strip of metal fitted onto the bottom of a sled runner.
װһѩ˵Ͳһ
The base for the supports of the superstructure of a bridge.
֧ϲṹĵ׻
The ferrule on the end of a cane.
ͷڹĩ˵Ľ
The casing of a pneumatic tire.
̥̥
A device that retards or stops the motion of an object, as the part of a brake that presses against the wheel or drum.
ɲһӻֹ˶װã糵բѹųֻͲǲ
The sliding contact plate on an electric train or streetcar that conducts electricity from the third rail.
ѥ綯𳵻糵ѵӵӹĻ
A chute, as for conveying grain from a hopper.
ۣһְѹ©дͳĲ
Games A case from which playing cards are dealt one at a time.
Ϸ ͿƺУһһֻܳһֽƵƺ
shoes Informal 
 shoes ʽ 
Position; status:
λãλ
You would understand my decision if you put yourself in my shoes.
㴦ҵλãͻΪʲô
Plight:

I wouldn't want to be in her shoes.
ҿɲ봦־
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
shoe polish; a shoe shop.
ЬͣһЬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shod[sh?d] shod  shod.den [sh?dn] shoe.ing,shoes 
To furnish or fit with a shoe or shoes.
ЬṩЬ
To cover with a wooden or metal guard to protect against wear.
װװľƻķԷĥ
?
the shoe is on the other footʽ
The circumstances have been reversed; an unequal relationship has been inverted.
ѾתһֲƽȵĹϵѾ
wait for the other shoe to dropٵ
To defer action or decision until another matter is finished or resolved.
Ƴжֱһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sc?h 
Դ Ӣ sc?h 

= =
shoot
shoot
AHD:[sh?t] 
D.J.[.u8t]
K.K.[.ut]
v.ʣ
shot[sh?t] shoot.ing,shoots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hit, wound, or kill with a missile fired from a weapon.
УˣôһͶ˺ɱ
To remove or destroy by firing or projecting a missile:
仵÷Ͷȥٻ
shot out the window.
˴
To make (a hole, for example) by firing a weapon.
Ͷ䣺÷һķʽһ
To fire or let fly (a missile) from a weapon.
䣺ãһͶзɳ
To discharge (a weapon).
ǹ
To detonate or cause to explode:
ţըٻʹը
shot off a firecracker.
ű
To inject (a drug, for example) with a hypodermic syringe.
ע䣺һƤעע䣨綾Ʒ
To throw out or release (a fishing line, for example).
׳ӳͷţ磬һߣ
To send forth suddenly, intensely, or swiftly:
Ͷ䣺ͻȻҵػѸٵأɢ
The burning building shot sparks onto the adjacent roof. He shot an angry look at me.
˻ķӰѻǽ˸ڵķϣŭصһ
To emit (a ray or rays of light or another form of energy).
䣺һ߻һʽԴ
To utter (sounds or words) forcefully, rapidly, or suddenly:
Ƶ˵ٻͻȻط˵
She shot a retort to the insult.
˷
Slang To give, send, or hand quickly:
ٵ ͡ǲٵظͻݣ
Shoot me that stapler.
ٶݸ
Informal To spend, use up, or waste:
ʽ ѣ˷ѣ
They shot their savings on a new boat.
ǰѻĴ
To pass over or through swiftly:
ͨٵͨ򴩹
shooting the rapids.
Ѹͨ
To cover (country) in hunting for game.
ڣ䣩
To record on film:
㣺ýƬ㣺
shot the scene in one take.
һξͰ
To cause to project or protrude; extend:
ͻͻʹͻͻչ
shot out her arm to prevent the bottle from falling.
ֱֵǸ
To begin to grow or produce; put forth.
ʼ
To pour, empty out, or discharge down or as if down a chute:
к㵹һۻһջŷţ
shot gravel into the hole.
ʯӵ붴
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
To throw or propel (a ball, marble, or other projectile in a game) in a specific direction or toward the objective.
䣨ţͶѣһ򣬲еͶͶĳһһĿ
To accomplish (the objective) of a game involving projectiles; score (a point, basket, stroke, or goal).
šͶ÷֣һͶıлУĿ꣩÷֣һ֣һ÷֣Ž
To play (a game involving projectiles or dice, such as golf, craps, or pool).
Ͷ£һͶӵ˶߶Ϸ̨
To attain (a given score) in golf.
ڸ߶дﵽضķ
To throw (the dice or a given score) in craps.
ӣϷӣӻӳһضĵ
To slide (the bolt of a lock) into or out of its fastening.
ϻγ˨򻬳̶
To plane (the edge of a board) straight.
ѣһľıߣֱ
To variegate (colored cloth) by interweaving weft threads of a different color.
Ͷͨ֯һɫ֯ʹɫɫ
To measure the altitude of with a sextant or other instrument:
ǲǻĸ߶ȣ
shot the star.
ⶨǵĸ߶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To discharge a missile from a weapon.
䡢һз
To discharge or fire; go off.
ǹ򿪻𣻷
To gush or spurt:
ӿ
Water shot out of the geyser.
ˮȪӿ
To appear suddenly:
ͻȻ֣
The sun shot through a break in the clouds.
ͻȻƷҫ
To move swiftly; dart.
ƶ
To be felt moving or as if moving in the body:
олƶ
Pain shot through my lower leg.
Ҹе²һʹ
To protrude; project:
ͻ
The headland shoots far out into the sea.
½ĺ
To engage in hunting or the firing of weapons, especially for sport:
ԣμӴԻָΪ֣
is shooting in Scotland during the fall.
ո
To put forth new growth; germinate.
ѿµĶѿ
To take pictures.

To begin filming a scene in a movie.
ģƵӰʱһ
Sports Games To propel a ball or other object toward the goal or in a specific direction or manner.
˶ Ϸ ͶţһĿĳĳضʽ
Games To throw dice.
Ϸ 
Slang To begin talking. Often used in the imperative:
ٵ ʼʹ䣺
I know you have something to tell me, so shoot!
֪Ҫ˵Ǿ˵!
To slide into or out of a fastening. Used of the bolt of a lock.
ϻγ򻬳̶˨
n.ʣ
The motion or movement of something that is propelled, driven, or discharged.
䣺ƣĶ˶
The young growth arising from a germinating seed; a sprout.
һŸոշѿӳС
A bud, young leaf, or other new growth on a plant.
ѿѿҶֲ
A narrow, swift, or turbulent section of a stream.
ˮխѸٻļһ
The act of discharging a weapon or letting fly a missile.
䣺ͶĶ
Informal The launching of a rocket or similar missile.
ʽ 䣺Ʒķ
An organized shooting activity, such as a skeet tournament or hunt.
Ի᣺һ֯˫ɵѲ
A round of shots in a contest with firearms.
еһ
A photographic assignment or session.
գһһ
A cinematographic session.
㣺Ӱһ
The distance a shot travels; the range.
̣һλзﾭľ룻
Nautical The interval between strokes in rowing.
 λ֮ļ
A sharp twinge or spasm of pain.
һҵ
An inclined channel for moving something; a chute.
ۣбۣ
A body of ore in a vein.
еһʯ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise, mild annoyance, or disappointment.
ڱʾ棬ǿҵķŭʧ
?
shoot down
To bring down (an aircraft, for example) by hitting and damaging with gunfire or a missile.
䣺ڻ򵼵𻵵ķʽ䣨ɻ
Informal To ruin the aspirations of; disappoint.
ʽ ƻԸʹʧ
Informal 
ʽ 
To put an end to; defeat:
ս᣻ܣ
shot down the proposal.

To expose as false; discredit:
ָΪ٣֤Ǽٵģ
shot down his theory.

shoot for  
shoot at ʽ
To strive or aim for; have as a goal.
ȡõ׷󡭣ԡΪĿ
shoot up
Informal To grow or get taller rapidly.
ʽ Ѹ򳤸
To increase dramatically in amount.
ϼ
To riddle with bullets.
ӵѡõǿ
To damage or terrorize (a town, for example) by intense or random gunfire.
һǹܼǵڻƻţһС
Slang To inject a drug with a hypodermic syringe.
ٵ þעעƷ
?
shoot from the hipٵ
To act or speak on a matter without forethought.
һ»̸һʱϸ
shoot off (one's) mouth 
shoot off (one's) face ٵ
To speak indiscreetly.
˵
To brag; boast.
ţԿ
shoot (one's) boltٵ
To do all within one's power; exhaust all of one's resources or capabilities.
ΪԼܹһУ߾Լһ
shoot straight
To talk or deal honestly.
ֱ
shoot the bullٵ
To spend time talking; talk idly.
ʱ仨̸ϣ̸
shoot the worksʽ
To expend all of one's efforts or capital.
һУͶԼеʽ
?
Middle English shoten 
йӢ shoten 
from Old English sc?n * see  skeud- 
Դ Ӣ sc?n *μ skeud- 
?
shooter
n.ʣ

= =
shop
shop
AHD:[sh?p] 
D.J.[.Kp]
K.K.[.$p]
n.ʣ
Also shoppe A small retail store or a specialty department in a large store.
 Ҳ shoppe ̻רҵ۲һС̵һ̵רƷķֲ
An atelier; a studio.
ң
A place for manufacturing or repairing goods or machinery.
䣺һƷĵط
A commercial or industrial establishment:
һҵҵ
a printing shop.
ӡˢ
A business establishment; an office or a center of activity.
´»칫һ
A home workshop.
ͥ
A schoolroom fitted with machinery and tools for instruction in industrial arts.
տνңһװл͹ߣڽڹҵĽ
The industrial arts as a technical science or course of study.
ѧΪһּѧѧϰγ̵Ĺҵ
v.ʣ
shopped,shop.ping,shops 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To visit stores in search of merchandise or bargains.
ѡΪѰƷ˻̵
To look for something with the intention of acquiring it.
ѰңΪõĳѰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To visit or buy from (a particular store).
䣨ĳһ̵꣩ĳһ̵꣩
?
shop around
To go from store to store in search of merchandise or bargains.
ѡһ̵굽һ̵꣬ѰƷ˻
To look for something, such as a better job.
ѰҪĶѰĳһõĹ
To offer (a large block of common stock, for example) for sale to various parties:
۹ƱѣͨƱ
[The company]  is now actively being shopped around, with a prospectus in circulation (Marianne Yen)
[˾] ڻس۹ƱҵҲڷС (ȡҶ)
?
talk shop
To talk about one's work.
̸ԼĹ
?
Middle English shoppe 
йӢ shoppe 
from Old English sceoppa [treasure house] 
Դ Ӣ sceoppa [] 

= =
shopkeeper
shop.keep.er
AHD:[sh?pk?pr] 
D.J.[6.Kp7ki8p*]
K.K.[6.$p7kip+]
n.ʣ
One who owns or manages a shop.
ӵлӪ̵

= =
shore
shore 1
AHD:[sh?r, sh?r] 
D.J.[.%8, .*&r]
K.K.[.%r, .or]
n.ʣ
The land along the edge of an ocean, a sea, a lake, or a river; a coast.
󡢺ߵأ
Often shores Land; country:
  shores أң
far from our native shores.
ԶǵĹ
Land as opposed to water:
½أˮԵأ
a sailor with an assignment on shore.
ִһˮ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
shore dwellings; shore erosion.
ʴ
?
Middle English shore 
йӢ shore 
from Old English scora * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ scora *μ sker- 1
?
shore
shore 2
AHD:[sh?r, sh?r] 
D.J.[.%8, .*&r]
K.K.[.%r, .or]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shored,shor.ing,shores 
To support by or as if by a prop:
֧סһ֧һ֧֧ţ
shored up the sagging floors; shored up the peace initiative.
֧סݵ컨壻պƽȨ
n.ʣ
A beam or timber propped against a structure to provide support.
бһ֧һṹṩ֧ľľ
?
Middle English shoren 
йӢ shoren 
from shore [prop] 
Դ shore [֧] 
probably from Middle Low German sch?e [barrier] 
Դ йŵ͵ص sch?e [ϰ] 
or Middle Dutch sc?e [prop] 
 йź sc?e [֧] 
?
shore
shore 3
AHD:[sh?r, sh?r] 
D.J.[.%8, .*&r]
K.K.[.%r, .or]
v.Archaic ʣ 
A past tense of shear 
 shearĹȥʽ

= =
short
short
AHD:[sh?rt] 
D.J.[.%8t]
K.K.[.%rt]
adj.ݴʣ
short.er,short.est 
Having little length; not long.
̵ģȺ̵ܶĲ
Having little height; not tall.
ģ߶Ⱥܵ͵ģߵ
Extending not far or not far enough:
ģչòԶĻ򲻹Զģ
a short toss.
һͶúܽͶ
Lasting a brief time:
ʱģʱ̵ܶģ
a short holiday.
̵ܶļ
Appearing to pass quickly:
ݵģƺܿ͹ȥģ
finished the job in a few short months.
ڶ̶̼ھ˹
Not lengthy; succinct:
̵ģ߳ģģ
short and to the point.
̶Ҫ
Rudely brief; abrupt.
ģͻ
Easily provoked; irascible.
ģģ鱩
Inadequate; insufficient:
ȱģеģ
oil in short supply; were short on experience.
ʯͶȱȱ
Lacking in length or amount:
ģڳȻȱٵģ
a board that is short two inches.
һӢľ
Lacking in breadth or scope:
ǳģȻȱٵģ
a short view of the problem.
ĿǳĿ
Deficient in retentiveness:
Բģ
a short memory.

Not owning the stocks or commodities one is selling in anticipation of a fall in prices.
յģԤƵ۸µԼӵйƱƷ
Of or relating to a short sale.
յĻйص
Containing a large amount of shortening; flaky:
ģд͵ģɴģ
a short pie crust.
ɴڱƤ
Not ductile; brittle:
ѵģױεģģ
short iron.

Linguistics Of, relating to, or being a speech sound of relatively brief duration, as the first vowel sound in the Latin wordm2,  evil, as compared with the same or a similar sound of 
relatively long duration, as the first vowel sound in the Latin word m3,  apple tree. 
ѧ ڳʱ̵ģһͬһƵһʱԽϳȳʱԽ϶̵ģصĻڵģʡmalus 
һԪʡƻ malus еһԪȳʱԽ϶ 
Grammar Of, relating to, or being a pronunciation of vowel sounds, as the pronunciation (2) inpat,  () in pet,  (1) in pit,  (?) in pot,  (?) in putt,  and (?) in put.  
﷨ ģԪڷ̵ܶģйصĻڵģpat еģa pet еģe pit еģi pot еģo putl еģu put 
ģ? 
Historically descended from a vowel of brief duration.
Ӷģʷϴһּʱ̵ܶԪ
Unstressed; unaccented. Used of a syllable in accentual prosody.
ضģģضģġݸʫе
Being of relatively brief duration. Used of a syllable in quantitative prosody.
ģʱԽ϶̵ɳ̲ɵʫе
Slang Close to the end of a tour of military duty.
ٵ ִٽ
adv.ʣ
Abruptly; quickly:
ͻȻأѸٵأ
stop short.
ͻȻͣס
In a rude or curt manner.
أһִ³ķʽ
At a point before a given limit or goal:
ﲻĿأһ涨ΧĿǰһģ
a missile that landed short of the target.
һöĿǰԶֹͣеĵ
At a disadvantage:
ڲλõأ
We were caught short by the sudden storm.
Ǳһͻķ籩ŪǱ
Without owning what one is selling:
ԿͷʽûӵԼأ
selling a commodity short.
ԿͷʽƷ
n.ʣ
Something short, as:
Ƚ϶̵
Linguistics A briefly articulated speech sound or syllable.
ѧ ڣһ̵ܶ
A brief film; a short subject.
ƬӰƬ
A size of clothing less long than the average for that size.
ӵ·룺һ˴ҪС·
shorts Short trousers extending to the knee or above.
 shorts ̿㣺ֱϥǻϥϵĶ̿
shorts Men's undershorts.
 shorts ö̳Ŀ
A short sale.

One that sells short.
յ
shorts A byproduct of wheat processing that consists of germ bran and coarse meal or flour.
 shorts ϸۣӹʱĸƷѿĥۻ
shorts Clippings or trimmings that remain as byproducts in various manufacturing processes, often used to make an inferior variety of the product.
 shorts ϣּӹΪƷĴмòƷĵͼƷ
A short circuit.
·
A malfunction caused by a short circuit.
ɶ·Ĺ
Baseball A shortstop.
 λ
v.ʣ
short.ed,short.ing,shorts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause a short circuit in.
ʹ·ڡ·
Informal To give (one) less than one is entitled to; shortchange.
ʽ ƭĳӦõҪ٣ٸͷ
To sell (a stock that one does not own) in anticipation of making a profit when its price falls; make a short sale.
գԤƵ۸µʱӯԼӵеĹƱ
To sell unowned stock in (the stock market) in anticipation of making a profit when prices fall.
չɣԤƵ۸½ʱӯڣУ۲ӵеĹƱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To short-circuit.
·
?
for short
As an abbreviation:
Ϊд
He's called Ed for short.
üƽ
in short
In summary; briefly.
֮֮
short for
An abbreviation of:
д
Ed is short for Edward.
£Edǰ»Edwardд
short of
Having an inadequate supply of:
ģ
We're short of cash.
ֽ
Less than:
ڣ
Nothing short of her best effort was required to make the team.
ҪһȫԸ
Other than; without resorting to:
⣻ûڣ
Short of yelling at him, I had no other way to catch his attention.
˴У벻ʲô취ע
Not quite willing to undertake or do; just this side of:
ǺԸеҪ
She stopped short of throwing out the old photo.
ҪѾƬӵ
the short end of the stick
The worst side of an unequal deal.
Ƶģһƽһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceort, scort * see  sker- 1
Դ Ӣ sceort, scort *μ sker- 1
?
shortness
n.ʣ

= =
shortage
short.age
AHD:[sh?rt1j] 
D.J.[6.%8t!d9]
K.K.[6.%rt!d9]
n.ʣ
A deficiency in amount; an insufficiency.
ȱ٣ϵȱ

= =
shortcoming
short.com.ing
AHD:[sh?rtk?m1ng] 
D.J.[6.%8t7kJm!0]
K.K.[6.%rt7kJm!0]
n.ʣ
A deficiency; a flaw.
֮ȱ

= =
shortly
short.ly
AHD:[sh?rtl?] 
D.J.[6.%8tli8]
K.K.[6.%rtli]
adv.ʣ
In a short time; soon.
̣
In a few words; concisely.
򵥵أҪ
In an abrupt manner; curtly.
ͻءأһͻķʽ

= =
shot
shot 1
AHD:[sh?t] 
D.J.[.Kt]
K.K.[.$t]
n.ʣ
The firing or discharge of a weapon, such as a gun.
һһ֧ǹĿ
The distance over which something is shot; the range.
̣ľ룻Χ
An attempt to hit a target with a projectile:
УһͶһĿĳԣ
His shot at the bear missed by inches.
ͲӢʹͷ
An attempt to reach a target with a rocket:
䣺ûĳĿĳԣ
a moon shot.
·
Sports An attempt to score in a game, as in soccer or hockey.
˶ ţڱͼ÷
Baseball A home run.
 ݴ
Sports Games 
˶ Ϸ 
The flight or path of a projectile in a game.
ͶͶ̣Ͷķж·
A stroke in a game, as in golf or billiards.
ڱУ߶̨еһ
A pointed or critical remark.
һѪĻԵĻ
Informal 
ʽ 
An attempt; a try:
ͼԣ
took a shot at losing weight.
ȡһʵĳ
A guess.
²
An opportunity:
һλ᣺
gave him a fair shot at the part in the play.
һݾнɫƽĻ
A chance at odds; something to bet on:
ɹĻʣ¶עĶ
The horse was a four-to-one shot.
ƥĶעıһ
A solid projectile designed to be discharged from a firearm or cannon.
ӵڴӻзĹ巢
pl. shot Such projectiles considered as a group.
 shot ַܳ
pl. shot Tiny lead or steel pellets, especially ones used in a shotgun cartridge.
 shot 裺ϸСǦֵָǹ֦ĵҩ
One of these pellets.
ֵеһ
Sports The heavy metal ball that is put for distance in the shot put.
˶ ǦͶп˭ͶԶؽ
One who shoots in a particular way:
֣һضʽˣ
a good shot with the rifle and the bow.
ǹ͹ú׼
A charge of explosives used in blasting mine shafts.
ڱƿʱһαʹõըҩ
A detonation of an explosive charge.
ըҩıը
A photographic view or exposure:
羰ջع⣺
got a good shot of that last model.
λģһźܺõƬ
A developed photographic image.
һųϴõƬ
A single cinematic view or take.
һӰͷһεӰӰ
A hypodermic injection.
Ƥע
A small amount given or applied at one time:
һιʹõĺС
a shot of oxygen.

A drink, especially a jigger of liquor.
һָһ
An amount to be paid, as for drinks; a bill.
ӦʣӦĿǮʵ
Nautical A length of chain equal to 15 fathoms (90 feet) in the United States and 12? fathoms (75 feet) in Great Britain.
 һһêĳȣ15Ӣ磨90ӢߣӢ12.5Ӣ磨7.5Ӣߣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shot.ted,shot.ting,shots 
To load or weight with shot.
װǦ
?
like a shot
Very quickly.
ǳ
shot in the armʽ
Something that boosts one's spirits.
˷ܼ˾ܵĶ
shot in the darkʽ
A wild, unsubstantiated guess.
Ϲ£ҵġûиݵĲ²
An attempt that has little chance of succeeding.
ɹԺСĳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sceot, scot * see  skeud- 
Դ Ӣ sceot, scot *μ skeud- 
?
shot
shot 2
AHD:[sh?t] 
D.J.[.Kt]
K.K.[.$t]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of shoot 
 shootĹȥʽ͹ȥִ
adj.ݴʣ
Of changeable or variegated color; iridescent.
ɫġɫģɫɱĻɫģʺɫ
Streaked or flecked with or as if with yarn of a different color:
֯ģñɫ߻ɫŪƻߵģ
a blue suit shot with purple; a forest glade that was shot with sunlight.
һɫƵ£һϦӳµпյ
Interspersed or permeated with a distinctive quality:
ӵġ͸ģŻ͸һֲͬƷʵģ
Her apology was shot with irony.
ĵǸмŷ
Informal Worn-out; ruined.
ʽ ƣģ

= =
should
should
AHD:[sh?d] 
D.J.[.&d]
K.K.[.&d]
v.aux.ʣ
 shallĹȥʽ 
Used to express obligation or duty:
Ӧãʾְ
You should send her a note.
Ӧøһ
Used to express probability or expectation:
ڱʾԻ
They should arrive at noon.
Ӧ絽
Used to express conditionality or contingency:
ڱʾԻܷ¼
If she should fall, then so would I.
ʧˣҲʧ
Used to moderate the directness or bluntness of a statement:
ʹһֱӻֱʵĳת
I should think he would like to go.
ҵΪԸȥ
?
Like the rules governing the use ofshall  and will  on which they are based, the traditional rules governing the use ofshould  and would  are largely ignored in modern American practice. 
Eithershould  or would  can now be used in the first person to express conditional futurity:  
Ϊshall  will ʵĻõ÷һ should  would ʵĴͳʹùִӢҲѱˡ should  would еκһ
ڵһ˳ƣʾʽеĽ  
If I had known that, I would (or somewhat more formally, should ) have answered differently.  
Ѿ֪ĻҾͣһ should  ôش  
But in the second and third persons onlywould  is used:  
ڵڶ˳ƻ˳ֻwould   
If he had known that, he would (not should ) have answered differently. 
֪ǸĻͣ should  ôشˡ 
Wouldcannot always be substituted for should,  however. Should  is used in all three persons in a conditional clause:  
Would should 档 Should ˳ƵӾжã  
if I (or you  or he ) should decide to go. 
ң     Ҫȥ 
Should is also used in all three persons to express duty or obligation (the equivalent of ought to ):  
Should˳ƵıʾְľУ൱ ought to   
I (or you  or he ) should go.  
ң     Ӧȥ  
On the other hand,would  is used to express volition or promise:  
һ棬would Ļ֤  
I agreed that I would do it. 
һġ 
Eitherwould  or should  is possible as an auxiliary with like, be inclined, be glad, prefer,  and related verbs:  
would  should ʺ likebe inclined be gladprefer شһʹã  
I would (or should ) like to call your attention to an oversight.  
루 should  עһһ©֮  
Herewould  was acceptable on all levels to a large majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey and is more common in American usage thanshould.   Should have  is sometimes 
incorrectly written should of  by writers who have mistaken the source of the spoken contractionshould've.  See Usage Note at if ,rather ,shall 
ڴ˴һڵĵжԴײʹ˵would ǿԽܵģ ÷бshould Ϊ ʱд߰should have ƴ should of  Ϊǰ
ͷʽshould'veԴŪ  μ if,rather,shall

= =
shoulder
shoul.der
AHD:[sh?ldr] 
D.J.[6.*&ld*]
K.K.[6.old+]
n.ʣ
The joint connecting the arm with the torso.
ؽڣӱ۰ɵĹؽ
The part of the human body between the neck and upper arm.
λڲֱ۰ϲ֮岿λ
The joint of a vertebrate animal that connects the forelimb to the trunk.
Σ׵ǰɵĹؽ
The part of an animal near this joint.
粿ֹؽڸĲλ
The part of a bird's wing between the wrist and the trunk.
ĳǰΣλ֮Ĳλ
Often shoulders The area of the back from one shoulder to the other.
  shoulders ϱһһĺ
A cut of meat including the joint of the foreleg and adjacent parts.
⣬ǰ⣺һǰȹؽڼٽλ
The portion of a garment that covers the shoulder.
·ļ粿·ǼĲ
An angled or sloping part, as:
ǶȣһнǶȻбĲ֣磺
The angle between the face and flank of a bastion in a fortification.
ⱤǣⱤ֮Ľ
The area between the body and neck of a bottle or vase.
ƿ磺ƿӻƿƿ֮Ĳ
The area of an item or object that serves as an abutment or surrounds a projection, as:
ӴһƷϳ䵱Χһͻֵ磺
The end surface of a board from which a tenon projects.
ľһͷͻı
Printing The flat surface on the body of type that extends beyond the letter or character.
ӡˢ ּ磺Ǧ峬ĸֵƽ
The edge or border running on either side of a roadway.
·磺·һı߽Ե
v.ʣ
shoul.dered,shoul.der.ing,shoul.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry or place (a burden, for example) on the shoulders.
ü翸ͣ򽫣ڼ
To take on; assume:
ее
shouldered the blame for his friends.
Ϊѳе
To push or apply force to, with or as if with the shoulder.
üƣûüƻʩڡ
To make (one's way) by or as if by shoving obstacles with one's shoulders.
ü粿Ƽǰûüƿϰʹĳǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To push with the shoulders.
ü
To make one's way by or as if by shoving obstacles with one's shoulders.
ü粿Ƽǰûüƿϰʹĳ˵ĵ·ͨ
?
put (one's) shoulder to the wheel
To apply oneself vigorously; make a concentrated effort.
ڡ㾡ȫ
shoulder to shoulder
In close proximity; side by side.
ǳأ粢
In close cooperation.
к
straight from the shoulder
Delivered directly from the shoulder. Used of a punch.
棺ֱӱӼ粿һȭеġȭ
Honestly; candidly.
ʵأ̹ʵ
?
Middle English shulder 
йӢ shulder 
from Old English sculdor 
Դ Ӣ sculdor 

= =
shout
shout
AHD:[shout] 
D.J.[.a&t]
K.K.[.a&t]
n.ʣ
A loud cry.
У
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
shout.ed,shout.ing,shouts 
To say with or utter a shout.
˵˵򷢳
?
shout down
To overwhelm or silence by shouting loudly.
ʹҰͨѹʹ
?
Middle English shoute 
йӢ shoute 
perhaps from Old Norse sk?a [a taunt] 
Դ ˹ά sk?a [Ц] 
?
shouter
n.ʣ
?
shout,bawl,bellow,holler,howl,roar,whoop,yell
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to say with or make a loud, strong cry: 
Ще˼ǡ˵򷢳Ľк 
fans shouting their approval;
͵ԣ
bawling out orders;

bellowing with rage;
ŭ
hollered a warning;
ţ
howling with pain;
ʹغУ
a crowd roaring its disapproval;
ԵȺ
children whooping at play;
ˣʱкĺӣ
troops yelling as they attacked. 
ʱĶ 

= =
show
show
AHD:[sh?] 
D.J.[.*&]
K.K.[.o]
v.ʣ
showed,shown[sh?n]   showed show.ing,shows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause or allow to be seen; display.
¶ʾ»չʾ
To display for sale, in exhibition, or in competition:
չУΪۻչչʾ
showed her most recent paintings.
չµĻ
To conduct; guide:
ָ죺
showed them to the table.
쵽
To direct one's attention to; point out:
ָʾָĳ˵ע򡭣ָ
show them the biggest squash in the garden.
չʾ԰Ϲ
To manifest (an emotion or a condition, for example); reveal:
ʾ֣¶״̬ʾ
showed displeasure at his remark; a carpet that shows wear.
Ļ¶֮ɫԵúõĵ̺
To permit access to (a house, for example) when offering for sale or rent.
ۻķӣ׼ۻʱ루緿ӣ
To reveal (oneself) as in one's behavior or condition:
ͨĳΪ״ʾ
The old boat showed itself to be seaworthy.
Ҿɴ֤Ǿ˵
To indicate; register:
ָʾʾ
The altimeter showed that the plane was descending.
߶ȱʾǼܷɻ½
To demonstrate by reasoning or procedure:
֤ʵ֤ͨʾ
showed that the hypothesis was wrong; a film that showed how to tune a piano.
֤ʵǴģʾθٶӰƬ
To demonstrate to by reasoning or procedure; inform or prove to:
̣֪ʾͨʾ֪֤
showed him how to fix the camera; showed her that it could really happen.
ʾΰװ֤ķ
To grant; bestow:
裻͸
showed no mercy to the traitors.
ѹߺ
Law To plead; allege:
ɡ 绤
show cause.
ԭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become visible or evident.
֣֣ãɼԵ
Slang To make an appearance; show up:
ٵ ֣ʾ
didn't show for her appointment.
ˬԼ
To be exhibited publicly:
չʾ
What's showing at the movie theater tonight?
ӰԺʲôӰ?
To give a performance or present an exhibition.
ݣݳݻչ
Sports To finish third or better in a horserace or dog race.
˶ лõõ
n.ʣ
A display; a manifestation:
չʾ֤
made a show of strength.
չʾ
A trace or an indication, as of oil in a well.
ָʾ;
The discharge of bloody mucus from the vagina indicating the start of labor.
Ѫ죩俪ʼĴŷųѪɫճ
The first discharge of blood in menstruation.
оڼһѪ
A false appearance; a pretense:
Σٵװ
only a show of kindness.
ֻмװĴ
A striking appearance or display; a spectacle.
׳۵ľעĿչʾ
A pompous or ostentatious display.
Σҫҫչʾ
Display or outward appearance:
ӻ
This antique tea service is just for show. His smile was for show.
ֻŶЦֻװװ
A public exhibition or entertainment.
չ
A radio or television program.
̨ӽĿ
A movie.
Ӱ
A theatrical troupe or company.
ϷţϷ
Informal An affair or undertaking:
ʽ 
ran the whole show.

Sports Third place at the finish, as in a horserace.
˶ յʱλڵλã
?
show off
To display or behave in an ostentatious or conspicuous way.
ҫŪһҫĻ۵ķʽչʾж
show up
To be clearly visible.
ɼ
To put in an appearance; arrive.
¶棻
To expose or reveal the true character or nature of:
¶ʾʵʣ
showed their efforts up as a waste of time.
ʾǵŬֻ˷ʱ
Informal To surpass, as in ability or intelligence.
ʽ ʤ
?
get the show on the roadٵ
To get started.
ʼ
show (one's) hand
Games To display one's cards with faces up.
Ϸ ƣĳ˵泯չʾ
To state one's intentions or reveal one's resources, especially when previously hidden.
¶ĳ˵͸¶ĳ˵ĶԲߣָǰ
show (one's) heels
To depart from quickly; flee.
ӡѸ뿪
show (someone) a good time
To occupy (someone) with amusing things; entertain.
ʹĳˣʹ
?
Middle English sheuen, shouen 
йӢ sheuen, shouen 
from Old English sc?n [to look at, display] * see  keu- 
Դ Ӣ sc?n [չʾ] *μ keu- 
?
show,display,expose,parade,exhibit,flaunt
These verbs mean to present something to view.
Щʵ˼ǽĳչʾ˿
 Show   is the most general: 
 Show  ͨһ 
The jeweler showed the necklace to the customer.
鱦̽չʾ˿Ϳ
She hated to show her feelings  (John Galsworthy).
¶С Լ߶˹磩
 Display   often suggests an attempt to present something to best advantage: 
 Display  ʾչʾĳԻһֳԣ 
The dealer spread the rug out to display the pattern.
˽̺̿չʾͼ
Few letters home of successful men or women display the graces of modesty and self-forgetfulness  (H.G. Wells).
ҵгɵԻŮԺдŻؼңʾѷҵ¡ HG ʿ
 Expose   usually involves uncovering something or bringing it out from concealment: 
 Expose  ͨ漰¶ĳ»ʹδ¶ 
The excavation exposed a staggering number of Bronze Age artifacts. The term can often imply revelation of something better left concealed: 
ھʹһĿ˵ͭʱ˹Ʒա һͨʾ¶ĳ 
His comment exposed his insensitivity.
¶оĳٶۡ
Parade   usually suggests a pretentious or boastful presentation: 
Parade  ʾһĻŪչʾ 
He early discovered that, by parading his unhappiness before the multitude, he produced an immense sensation (Macaulay).
ͷͨ˵˾޴ĺ䶯 
 Exhibit  implies open presentation that invites inspection: 
 Exhibit  ͨʾۿĹչ 
The works of art, by being publicly exhibited and offered for sale, are becoming articles of trade  (Prince Albert).
ЩƷͨչͱ۳ۣѱóƷ ˹أ
 Flaunt  implies an unabashed, prideful, often arrogant display: 
 Haunt  ʾһֲߵġԺģͨչʾ 
Every great hostelry flaunted the flag of some foreign potentate (John Dos Passos).See also Synonyms at  appear 
ÿһõ϶չĳһġ Լ˹˹μͬ appear

= =
shower
shower 1
AHD:[shour] 
D.J.[6.a&*]
K.K.[6.a&+]
n.ʣ
A brief fall of precipitation, such as rain, hail, or sleet.
꣺һݵĽˮꡢ
A fall of a group of objects, especially from the sky:
ĶһȺĽ䣬ָӿеģ
a meteor shower; a shower of leaves.
ꣻһҶ
An abundant flow; an outpouring:
ӿ磻к
a shower of praise.
һ
A party held to honor and present gifts to someone:
᣺Ϊĳĳ̷Ʒеľۻ᣺
a bridal shower.
Ϊе
A bath in which the water is sprayed on the bather in fine streams from a showerhead, usually secured overhead:
ԡͷˮϸʽԡϵһԡʽ ͨװͷϣ
take a shower.
ϴԡ
The stall or tub in which such a bath is taken.
ԡ䣨ףһԡĸ
v.ʣ
show.ered,show.er.ing,show.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pour down in a shower:
㵹
showered confetti on the parade.
ֽмŮɢж
To cover with or as if with a shower.
ʹʪ͸Ի㸲
To bestow abundantly or liberally.See Synonyms at barrage 2
ע򿶿μ barrage2
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall or pour down in or as if in a shower.
꣺Ի㽵㵹
To wash oneself in a shower.
ԡԼϴԡ
?
Middle English shour 
йӢ shour 
from Old English sc?r 
Դ Ӣ sc?r 
?
showery
adj.ݴʣ
?
shower
shower 2
AHD:[sh?r] 
D.J.[6.*&*]
K.K.[6.o+]
n.ʣ
One that shows:
չߣ
a shower of thoroughbred horses; a shower of great affection.
չߣʾĽ֮

= =
shrewd
shrewd
AHD:[shr?d] 
D.J.[.ru8d]
K.K.[.rud]
adj.ݴʣ
shrewd.er,shrewd.est 
Characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and often a sense of the practical.
ģģĸ֪ԼͨΪʵøе
Disposed to artful and cunning practices; tricky.
թģƻģϲƻթΪģˣе
Sharp; penetrating:
ǿҵģ̹ǵģ
a shrewd wind.
̹Ǻ
?
Middle English shrewed [wicked] 
йӢ shrewed [а] 
from shrew [rascal] * see  shrew 
Դ shrew [å] *μ shrew
?
shrewdly
adv.ʣ
?
shrewd,sagacious,astute,perspicacious
These adjectives mean having or showing keen awareness, sound judgment, and often resourcefulness, especially in practical matters.
Щݴʶʾлʾĸ֪жԼͨҪӦָʵС
 Shrewd  suggests a sharp intelligence, hardheadness, and often an intuitive grasp of practical considerations: 
 shrewd  ʾһֻǣԼͨʵֱգ 
He was too shrewd to go along with them upon a road which could lead only to their overthrow  (J.A. Froude).
̫ˣһ鲻һֻ̨ܵĵ· JA͵£
 Sagacious   connotes prudence, circumspection, discernment, and farsightedness: 
 Sagacious  ںǽءԼԶ 
He was observant and thoughtful, and given to asking sagacious questions  (John Galt).
۲񡢸˼롢ϲǵ Լ߶أ
 Astute   suggests shrewdness, canniness, and an immunity to being misled: 
 Astute  ʾԼ󵼵 
An astute tenant always reads the small print in a lease.
⻧ϵÿϸС֮Ҫ
Perspicacious   implies penetration and clear-sightedness: 
Perspicacious  ʾԶ 
She is much too perspicacious to be taken in by such a spurious argument. See also Synonyms at  clever 
̫ˣᱻһٵƭ μͬ clever

= =
shriek
shriek
AHD:[shr?k] 
D.J.[.ri8k]
K.K.[.rik]
n.ʣ
A shrill, often frantic cry.
УУͨĺ
A sound suggestive of such a cry.
Ƽһʹּе
v.ʣ
shrieked,shriek.ing,shrieks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter a shriek.
һ
To make a sound similar to a shriek.
һƼе
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter with a shriek.See Synonyms at scream 
μ scream
?
Middle English skriken, shriken 
йӢ skriken, shriken 
[of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse skr?kja 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά skr?kja 
?
shrieker
n.ʣ

= =
shrink
shrink
AHD:[shr1ngk] 
D.J.[.r!0k]
K.K.[.r!0k]
v.ʣ
shrank[shr2ngk]   shrunk [shr?ngk] shrunk  shrunk.en [shr?ngkn] shrink.ing,shrinks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold.See Synonyms at contract 
ȡʪμ contract
To become reduced in amount or value; dwindle:
СֵͣС
His savings quickly shrank.
Ĵ
To draw back instinctively, as from something alarming; recoil.See Synonyms at recoil 
ηԵȴʹ˾ֵĳμ recoil
To show reluctance; hesitate:
ʾԸԥ
shrink from making such a sacrifice.
ԥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to shrink.
¡
n.ʣ
The act of shrinking.
Ϊ
The degree to which something shrinks; shrinkage.
ĳĳ̶ȣ
Slang A psychiatrist.
ٵ 񾭿ҽ
?
Middle English shrinken [to wither, shrivel up] 
йӢ shrinken [ή] 
from Old English scrincan * see  sker- 2
Դ Ӣ scrincan *μ sker- 2
?
shrinkable
adj.ݴʣ
shrinker
n.ʣ

= =
shrug
shrug
AHD:[shr?g] 
D.J.[.rJg]
K.K.[.rJg]
v.ʣ
shrugged,shrug.ging,shrugs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference.
ʣ磩ߣ򣩣ΪһֱʾɡӻĮȻʽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To raise the shoulders, especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference.
ʼ磺߼ΪһֱʾɡӻĮȻʽ
n.ʣ
An expressive gesture of raising the shoulders.
ʼ磺һ߼ıԵʽ
A woman's short jacket or sweater open down the front.
Ůʽѿǰë
?
shrug off
To minimize the importance of:
ԡмһˣСҪԣ
shrugged off the defeat and talked about tonight's game.
ʧܲмһ˶̸۽ı
To get rid of:
ѣ
shrug off a burden.
Ѹ
To wriggle out of (clothing).
£Ťѵ·
?
Middle English shruggen 
йӢ shruggen 

= =
shut
shut
AHD:[sh?t] 
D.J.[.Jt]
K.K.[.Jt]
v.ʣ
shut,shut.ting,shuts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move (a door or lid, for example) so as to block passage through an opening.
ϣƶŻӣԱһڵͨ
To block entrance to or exit from; close:
գڻӡ˳ϣ
shut a corridor.

To fasten with a lock, catch, or latch.
ţſۻŽ
To confine in or as if in a closed space:
գһտռڣ
shut them in a cage.
ǹ
To exclude from or as if from a closed space:
赲ѡӻһտռųȥ
shut the cats out of the house.
èڷ
To cause to stop operating:
ͣҵرգʹֹͣУ
shut down a restaurant; a school that was shut for the vacation.
رһҲ͹ݣڶŵѧУ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or become moved so as to block passage; close:
գƶƶԱͨأ
a door that shuts by itself.
Լϵһ
To stop operating, especially automatically:
ֹͣУֹͣУָԶģ
The electricity shuts off at midnight.
ҹͣ
n.ʣ
The act or time of shutting.
رգصĶʱ
The line of connection between welded pieces of metal.
죺Ӵһ
?
shut off
To stop the flow or passage of; cut off:
صжϣֹͣͨжϣ
shut off the hot water by closing a valve.
ϷŴӶˮ
To close off; isolate:
ʹ룺
loners who shut themselves off from the community.
ԼͬĹ¶
shut out ˶
To prevent (an opponent) from scoring any runs or points.
赲ֹ֣ܶ÷
shut up
To cause (someone) to stop speaking; silence.
ʹ죺ĳֹͣ˵
To stop speaking.
ֹͣ˵
?
shut (one's) eyes to
To refuse to consider or acknowledge:
ܾǻϣ
administrators who shut their eyes to pervasive corruption.
ʢеĸ֮Ա
?
Middle English shutten 
йӢ shutten 
from Old English scyttan * see  skeud- 
Դ Ӣ scyttan *μ skeud- 

= =
shutter
shut.ter
AHD:[sh?tr] 
D.J.[6.Jt*]
K.K.[6.Jt+]
n.ʣ
One that shuts, as:
ر
A hinged cover or screen for a window, usually fitted with louvers.
Ҷһнڱδĸӻ壬ͨаҶ
A mechanical device of a camera that controls the duration of a photographic exposure, as by opening and closing to allow light coming through the lens to expose a plate or film.
ڹӰعʱһֻеװãͨùߴӾͷ͸ʹƬ򽺾ع
shutters Music The movable louvers on a pipe organ, controlled by pedals, that open and close the swell box.
 shutters ֡ ܷϵĻҶ̤Ŀ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
shut.tered,shut.ter.ing,shut.ters 
To furnish or close with shutters:
װϰҶ԰Ҷرգ
locked the doors and shuttered the windows.
Ų´ϵİҶ
To cause to cease operations; close down:
ʹֹͣУرգ
shuttered the store for the holiday.
ڼ̵

= =
shuttle
shut.tle
AHD:[sh?tl] 
D.J.[6.Jtl]
K.K.[6.Jt1]
n.ʣ
A device used in weaving to carry the woof thread back and forth between the warp threads.
ӣ֯дγھ˶һװ
A device for holding the thread in tatting and netting and in a sewing machine.
֯֯һװߵװ
Regular travel back and forth over an established, often short route by a vehicle.
̴̳Уͨ乤һ̵̳ͨ·϶
A vehicle used in such travel:
̴̳乤ߣеĽͨߣ
took the shuttle across town.
˶̴̳г
A route used by a vehicle in such travel:
̴̳·нͨʹõ·ߣ
the Washington-New York air shuttle.
ʢŦԼ̴̳к
A space shuttle.
̫շɴ
Travel between disputing parties by a diplomatic intermediary.
⽻У⽻˵ĵ֮е
v.ʣ
shut.tled,shut.tling,shut.tles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go, move, or travel back and forth by or as if by a shuttle:
̴̳лƶ˻Ƴ˶̳乤ǰƶУ
business people who shuttle between European capitals.
ŷ޸׶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move back and forth frequently.
ʹƶ
To transport by or as if by a shuttle:
̴̳䣺ûö̳乤䣺
shuttle a scientific payload to an orbiting space station.
úɻѧװռվ
?
Middle English shutille 
йӢ shutille 
from Old English scytel [dart] * see  skeud- 
Դ Ӣ scytel [Ͷ] *μ skeud- 
?
shuttler
n.ʣ

= =
shy
shy 1
AHD:[sho] 
D.J.[.a!]
K.K.[.a!]
adj.ݴʣ
shi.er[shor]   shy.er shi.est[sho1st]   shy.est  
Easily startled; timid.
ܾŵģ
Drawing back from contact or familiarity with others; retiring or reserved.
ߵģİģη˽ӴʶģĬĻĬ
Marked by reserve or diffidence:
ģߵģԳĬΪģ
a shy glance.
ӵһƳ
Distrustful; wary:
нĵģεģСĵģ
shy of strangers.
С
Not having paid an amount due, as one's ante in poker.
ǮòģδӦǮģ˿ϷеĶע
Short; lacking:
ģȱģ
Eleven is one shy of a dozen.
ʮһʮһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
shied[shod] shy.ing,shies[shoz]  
To move suddenly, as if startled; start.
ܾͻȻƶܾһ㣻
To draw back, as from fear or caution; recoil.
ˣȴ»
n.ʣ
 shies[shoz]  
A sudden movement, as from fright; a start.
ŶͻȻƶţ
?
Middle English shei 
йӢ shei 
from Old English sc?h 
Դ Ӣ sc?h 
?
shyer
n.ʣ
shyly
adv.ʣ
shyness
n.ʣ
?
shy,bashful,diffident,modest,coy,demure
These adjectives mean not forward but marked by a retiring nature, reticence, or a reserve of manner.One who isshy  draws back from others, either because of a withdrawn nature or 
out of timidity: 
Щݴʵ˼ǲǰģһֹ¶ıԡĬĬԵľֹShy ˼ ǳηıԻǳ 
The poor man was shy and hated society (George Bernard Shaw).
η˽ Ρɣ
 Bashful   suggests self-consciousness or awkwardness in the presence of others: 
 Bashful  ʾǰ߻Σ 
I never laughed, being bashful./Lowering my head, I looked at the wall  (Ezra Pound).
ҴЦԺߡ/ͷҶǽڡ ӵ£
 Diffident   implies lack of self-confidence: 
 Diffident  ʾȱţ 
He was too diffident to express his opinion.
̫ţҷԼļ⡣
Modest   is associated with an unassertive nature, absence of vanity, and freedom from pretension: 
Modest  ѷԸûԼϵһ 
Despite her fame she remained the modest, unassuming person she had been as a student.
Ȼһѷڼӵˣǰѧʱ
Coy   usually implies feigned, often flirtatious shyness: 
Coy  һ㰵ʾװͨḡĺߣ 
yielded with coy submission  (John Milton).
ӵ˳ӡ Լֶ٣
 Demure   often denotes an affected shyness or modesty: 
 Demure  ָһּװĺ߻ѷ 
I really don't know how to write a check, she said, with a demure sidelong glance. 
Ĳд֧ƱװߵбƳһ˵ 
?
shy
shy 2
AHD:[sho] 
D.J.[.a!]
K.K.[.a!]
v.ʣ
shied[shod] shy.ing,shies[shoz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw (something) with a swift motion; fling.
ѸٵĶӣĳͶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To throw something with a swift motion.
ͶһѸٵĶ
n.ʣ
 shies[shoz]  
A quick throw; a fling.
Ѹٵһ
Informal A gibe; a sneer.
ʽ Ц
Informal An attempt; a try.
ʽ ͼ
?
Perhaps from shy 1
Դ shy1

= =
sick
sick 1
AHD:[s1k] 
D.J.[s!k]
K.K.[s!k]
adj.ݴʣ
sick.er,sick.est 
Suffering from or affected with a physical illness; ailing.
ģϮģ
Of or for sick persons:
˵ģΪ˵ģ
sick wards.

Nauseated.
ĵ
Mentally ill or disturbed.
о񲡵ģ񲡵Ļ֢
Unwholesome; morbid:
ȫģ̬ģ
a sick joke.
һЦ
Defective; unsound:
ȱݵģȫģ
a sick economy.
ȫľ
Deeply distressed; upset:
˾ɥģյģ
sick with worry.
Ϊ
Disgusted; revolted.
ģе
Weary; tired:
뵡ģƣ͵ģ
sick of it all.
ȫһ
Pining; longing:
໳ģģ
sick for his native land.
ʮĹ
In need of repairs:
Ҫģ
a sick ship.
ҪĴ
Constituting an unhealthy environment for those working or residing within:
ģһֶЩ乤ס˵Ļ
a sick office building.
İ칫Ҵ¥
Unable to produce a profitable yield of crops:
ƶģʹũܻĲģ
sick soil.
к
?
sick and tired
Thoroughly weary, discouraged, or bored.
ƣģȫᷳģȫ뵡ġɥʧĵĻᷳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s?c 
Դ Ӣ s?c 
?
sick
sick 2
AHD:[s1k] 
D.J.[s!k]
K.K.[s!k]
v.ʣ
Variant of sic 2
 sicı2

= =
sickness
sick.ness
AHD:[s1kn1s] 
D.J.[6s!kn!s]
K.K.[6s!kn!s]
n.ʣ
The condition of being sick; illness.
״̬
A disease; a malady.

Nausea.

A defective or unsound condition.
ײһȱݻ򲻽ȫ״

= =
side
side
AHD:[sod] 
D.J.[sa!d]
K.K.[sa!d]
n.ʣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A line bounding a plane figure.
ߣ޶һƽͼε
A surface bounding a solid figure.
棺޶һͼε
A surface of an object, especially a surface joining a top and bottom:
棺һı棬ָӶײ棺
the four sides of a box.
ӵĸ
A surface of an object that extends more or less perpendicularly from an observer standing in front:
棺վǰĹ۲߿һȽϴֱ򲻺ֱܴ棺
the side of the ship.
ϲ
Either of the two surfaces of a flat object:
棺һƽеκһ棺
the front side of a piece of paper; the two sides of a record.
һֽ棻Ƭ
The part within an object or area to the left or right of the observer or of its vertical axis.
ಿڹ۲߻崹ֱ߻ұߵ岿ֻ
The left or right half of the trunk of a human or animal body:
вɵ߻Ұߣ
always sleeps on his side; a side of beef.
ǲ˯ţв
The space immediately next to someone:
ߣĳ˵Ŀռ䣺
stood at her father's side.
վ
The space immediately next to something. Often used in combination:
ԱߣĳĿռ䡣ڸϴУ
courtside; dockside.
ߣ
One of two or more contrasted parts or places within an area, identified by its location with respect to a center:
ԵԲֻطеһĵλùϵ
the north side of the park.
԰ı
An area separated from another area by an intervening feature, such as a line or barrier:
һнһ߻ϰһĵ
on this side of the Atlantic; the district on the other side of the railroad tracks.
һߣһߵĵ
One of two or more opposing individuals, groups, teams, or sets of opinions.
ɣһĸ塢Ⱥ塢ӻеһ
One of the positions maintained in a dispute or debate.
һڱۻеһ
A distinct aspect:
Եķ棺
the shy side of his personality.See Synonyms at phase 
Ըһμ phase
Line of descent:
ϵѪͳ
my aunt on my mother's side.
ҵ
Chiefly British Affected superiority; arrogance.
Ӣ װԽУ
adj.ݴʣ
Located on a side:
λڱϵģ
a side door.

From or to one side; oblique:
бģӲĻһģбģ
a side view.
б
Minor; incidental:
Ҫģģ
a side interest.
ļֵ
In addition to the main part; supplementary:
ģҪֵģģ
a side benefit.

v.ʣ
sid.ed,sid.ing,sides 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide sides or siding for:
֧ţṩǽ壺
side a frame house with aluminum.
ܷװƲ
To be positioned next to:
ڡԱߣ
a couch that is sided by low tables.
ĳɳ
To be in agreement with; support.
֧֣롭֧ͬ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To align oneself in a disagreement:
ִ֧֣ʹԼһ
sided with the conservatives in Congress; siding against the bill.
ڹֱ֧ɣַ֧᰸
?
on the side
In addition to the main portion:
⣺Ҫ֮⣺
coleslaw on the side.
Ĳ˿
In addition to the main occupation or activity:
ְΪҵҪְҵ⣺
did some consulting work on the side.
Щѯҵ
side by side
Next to each other; close together.
粢أһһ˰һ˵أһ
this side ofʽ
Verging on; short of:
ӽڣδﵽ
shady deals that were just this side of criminal.
ڷܽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English soe 
Դ Ӣ soe 

= =
sideways
side.ways
AHD:[sodw3z]  Ҳ side.way [-w3] 
D.J.[6sa!d7we!z] Ҳ side.way [-7we!]
K.K.[6sa!d7wez] Ҳ side.way [-7we]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Toward one side:
һߣģ
took a step sideways; a sideways glance.
Ա߿һбۿһ
From one side:
һߣģ
a painting lit sideways; sideways pressure.
һѹ
With the side forward:
ಿǰģ
turned sideways to show the profile; a sideways view.
תʾӰ

= =
sigh
sigh
AHD:[so] 
D.J.[sa!]
K.K.[sa!]
v.ʣ
sighed,sigh.ing,sighs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exhale audibly in a long, deep breath, as in weariness or relief.
̾üغһڳƣο
To emit a similar sound:
̾һƵ죺
willows sighing in the wind.
ڷб
To feel longing or grief; yearn:
еλˣ
sighing for their lost youth.
ŵഺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express with or as if with an audible exhalation.
̾˵ԻԿüʾ
Archaic To lament.
 
n.ʣ
The act or sound of sighing.
̾̾̾Ϊ
?
Middle English sighen 
йӢ sighen 
probably back-formation from sighte [past tense of] siken [to sigh] 
Դ sighteɴ  [] sikenĹȥʱ [̾] 
from Old English son 
Դ Ӣ son 
?
sigher
n.ʣ

= =
sight
sight
AHD:[sot] 
D.J.[sa!t]
K.K.[sa!t]
n.ʣ
The ability to see.
Ӿ
The act or fact of seeing:
Ϊʵ
hoping for a sight of land; caught sight of a rare bird.
ϣܿ½أһϡ
Field of vision.
Ұ
The foreseeable future; prospect:
ȼԤԤĽǰ
no solution in sight.
ûн
Something seen; a view.
壻
Something worth seeing; a spectacle:
ֵһ羰
the sights of London.
׶صķ
Informal Something unsightly:
ʽ Ź۵
Your hair is a sight.
ͷѿ
A device used to assist aim by guiding the eye, as on a firearm or surveying instrument.
׼ͨ۾԰׼һװãϵ
An aim or observation taken with such a device.
׼һװý׼۲
An opportunity to observe or inspect.
۲Ļ
Upper Southern U.S. A large number or quantity:
ϲƫ ࣺĿ
A sight of people were there.
Ƕ
v.ʣ
sight.ed,sight.ing,sights 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive with the eyes; get sight of:
Ŀӣ۾
sighted land after 40 days at sea.
ںƯʮ֮󿴼½
To observe through a sight or an optical instrument:
Ŀ⣬۲죺ͨӾѧ۲⣺
sight a target.
۲һĿ
To adjust the sights of (a rifle, for example).
粽ǹģ׼
To take aim with (a firearm).
׼ãһ׼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To direct one's gaze; look carefully.
۲죺ָĳ˵Ŀ⣻ϸؿ
To take aim:
׼
sighted along the barrel of the gun.
˳ǹܽ׼
?
on sight
Immediately upon being seen:
һ̣
threatened to shoot looters on sight.
һвҪ
out of sightٵ
Remarkable; incredible:
صģŵģ
The graduation party was out of sight.
ҵ̫
sight for sore eyesʽ
One whom it is a relief or joy to see.
ڼ˻
sight unseen
Without seeing the object in question:
ûп̸۵壺
bought the horse sight unseen.
δ쿴ƥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sihth, gesiht [something seen] * see  sek w- 2
Դ Ӣ sihth, gesiht [ûб] *μ sek w- 2

= =
sightseeing
sight.see.ing
AHD:[sots?1ng] 
D.J.[6sa!t7si8!0]
K.K.[6sa!t7si!0]
n.ʣ
The act or pastime of visiting sights of interest.
۹⣬۹Ļǲ
adj.ݴʣ
Used or engaged in sightseeing:
۹Ļμӹ۹ģ
a sightseeing bus; a sightseeing tour.
γι۹

= =
sign
sign
AHD:[son] 
D.J.[sa!n]
K.K.[sa!n]
n.ʣ
Something that suggests the presence or existence of a fact, condition, or quality.
־ʾʵڳڵĳ
An act or a gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command:
ƣһ˼롢ϢĶƣ
gave the go-ahead sign.
һ
Sign language.

A displayed structure bearing lettering or symbols, used to identify or advertise a place of business:
ƣֻŵĳװãһⳡλûΪ֮棺
a motel with a flashing neon sign outside.
һп޺ƹƵù
A posted notice bearing a designation, direction, or command:
ƣ˵ָʾʾƣ
an EXIT sign above a door; a traffic sign.
Ϸдšڡһֵıƣͨ־
A conventional figure or device that stands for a word, a phrase, or an operation; a symbol, as in mathematics or in musical notation.
ţһʡһϰͼλͼѧַеķ
pl. sign An indicator, such as a dropping or footprint, of the trail of an animal:
 sign ټżָʾһѷӡ
looking for deer sign.
Ѱ¹ټ
A trace or vestige:
񣺺ۼż
no sign of life.
ûļ
A portentous incident or event; a presage:
ǰףԤףԤʾԵ¼Ԥף
took the eclipse as a sign from God.
ʴԤʾ
A body manifestation that serves to indicate the presence of malfunction or disease.
ָ֢ʾֻʧ򼲲
One of the 12 divisions of the zodiac, each named for a constellation and represented by a symbol.
Ƶʮеһÿһһһͼαʾ
v.ʣ
signed,sign.ing,signs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To affix one's signature to.
ǩڡǩԼ
To write (one's signature).
ǩдԼǩ
To approve or ratify (a document) by affixing a signature, seal, or other mark:
ǩ׼ͨǩ»Ǻűʾͬ׼һļ
sign a bill into law.
ǩ׼һ
To hire or engage by obtaining a signature on a contract:
ǩԼͨʹںԼǩֶӶƸ룺
signed a rookie pitcher for next season; sign up actors for a tour.
ΪһǩԼһողμӱͶ֣ΪѲݳǩԼӶԱ
To relinquish or transfer title to by signature:
ǩԼͨǩԼתã
signed away all her claims to the estate.
ǩԼǿزȨ
To provide with a sign or signs:
װָʾƣװһָʾƣ
sign a new highway.
һ¹·װָʾ
To communicate with a sign or by sign language:
ƣƻԽ
signed his approval; sign instructions to a hearing-impaired teammate.
Ʊʾͬ⣻һȫĶѴָʾ
To consecrate with the sign of the cross.
ʮף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a sign or signs; signal.
źţһƣź
To use sign language.
ʹ
To write one's signature.
ǩ
?
sign in
To record the arrival of (another or oneself) by signing a register.
ǩͨǩ¼һ˻Լģ
sign off
To announce the end of a communication; conclude.
㲥
To stop transmission after identifying the broadcasting station.
˵㲥ֹ̨̨֮ͣ
Informal To express approval formally or conclusively:
ʽ ʽͬ⣺ʽԵرʾͬ⣺
got the Congress to sign off on the tax proposal.
ʹʽͬ˰᰸
sign on
Informal To enlist oneself, especially as an employee:
ʽ ܹͣʹԼܹͣΪһԱ
Retired politicians often sign on with top-dollar law firms(New York Times)
ݵ;ܹһЩǮķ(ŦԼʱ)
To start transmission with an identification of the broadcasting station.
㲥ʼȷϹ㲥̨̨֮ʼ㲥
sign out
To record the departure of (another or oneself) by signing a register.
ǩǼǼǼ¼˻Լģȥ
sign up
To agree to be a participant or recipient by signing one's name; enlist:
ãͨǩͬΪĳԱߣӦļ
signed up for military service; signing up for a pottery course.
Ӿμγ
?
Middle English signe 
йӢ signe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin signum * see  sek w- 1
Դ  signum *μ sek w- 1
?
signer
n.ʣ
?
sign,badge,mark,token,symptom,note
These nouns are compared as they denote an outward indication of the existence or presence of something not immediately evident.
Ƚϵʣĳڻڳָʾﱾɼġ
 Sign   is the most general: 
 Sign  ͨģ 
A high forehead is thought to be a sign of intelligence.
߶ͷΪǻ۵ı־
The exile of Gaveston was the sign of the barons' triumph (John R. Green). 
Ƿ˹ٵű־оʤ ԼR֣ 
The V sign is the symbol of the unconquerable will of the occupied territories  (Winston S. Churchill).
V־ռڲ־ ˹١S𼪶
 Badge   usually refers to something that is worn as an insignia of membership,is an emblem of achievement,or is a characteristic sign: 
 Badge  ָͨΪԱݵ֤¶ĶǱʾɾ͵Ļ£߱ʾһɫı־ 
The sheriff's badge was shaped like a star.
ΰٵĻ״ġ
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge (Shakespeare).
ȵĿǸ߹Ʒʵ ɯʿǣ
 Mark   can refer to a visible trace or impression ( 
 Mark  ָһɼĺۼӡ֤ 
a laundry mark)  or to an indication of a distinctive trait or characteristic: 
ϴµǩ ָһرصʾ 
Intolerance is the mark of a bigot. The term can also denote a lasting effect,as of an experience: 
ߵı־ Ҳʾһ־õЧһξµģ 
Poverty had left its mark.
ƶӡǡ
Token   usually refers to evidence or proof of something intangible: 
Token  ָ֤ͨݻ֤ 
sent flowers as a token of her affection.
ͻԱʾİ⡣
Symptom   suggests outward evidence of a process or condition,especially an adverse condition: 
Symptom  ʾһ̻״̬ʾָһ״̬ 
dying of a hundred good symptoms  (Alexander Pope); 
ǰж֢״ ɽѰأ 
the gale having rather increased than shown any symptoms of abating (Frederick Marryat).
粻ûʾκαСļ󣬷ԽԽ ׵ˡأ
 Note  applies to the sign of a particular quality or feature: 
 Note  ָһرʻصָʾ 
the eternal note of sadness (Matthew Arnold).See also Synonyms at  gesture 
˵¼ ްŵ£μͬ gesture

= =
signal
sig.nal
AHD:[s1gnl] 
D.J.[6s!gn*l]
K.K.[6s!gn*l]
n.Abbr. sig.ʣд sig.
An indicator, such as a gesture or colored light, that serves as a means of communication.See Synonyms at gesture 
źţһͨѶֶεָʾһƻɫĹμ gesture
A message communicated by such means.
źţֶδϢ
Something that incites action:
򣺼жĳ
The peace treaty was the signal for mass celebrations.
ƽЭǩȺʢĻ
Electronics An impulse or a fluctuating electric quantity, such as voltage, current, or electric field strength, whose variations represent coded information.
ѧ 粨仯ĵѹ糡ǿȣǵı仯ʾűϢ
The sound, image, or message transmitted or received in telegraphy, telephony, radio, television, or radar.
źţɵ籨绰ӻ״ﴫյӰϢ
adj.ݴʣ
Notably out of the ordinary:
ɫģԳһģ
a signal feat.See Synonyms at noticeable 
Ṧΰμ noticeable
v.ʣ
sig.naled  sig.nalled sig.nal.ing  sig.nal.ling sig.nals  sig.nals  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a signal to:
򡭷źţ
I signaled the driver to proceed.
ҴźǸ˾ͨ
To relate or make known by signals:
źŸ֪źŽ
They have signaled their willingness to negotiate.
ѾʾԸ̸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a signal or signals.
źţһźŻź
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin sign3e 
Դ  sign3e 
from neuter of Late Latin sign3s [of a sign] 
Դ  sign3 [־] 
from Latin signum [sign] * see  sign 
Դ  signum [־] *μ sign
?
signaler  
signaller
n.ʣ

= =
signature
sig.na.ture
AHD:[s1gn-chr] 
D.J.[6s!gn*t.*]
K.K.[6s!gn*t.+]
n.ʣ
Abbr. sig.One's name as written by oneself.
д sig.ǩԼдԼ
The act of signing one's name.
ǩǩԼֵĶ
A distinctive mark, characteristic, or sound indicating identity:
ʶ־һݵرļǺš
A surprise ending is the signature of an O. Henry short story.
һִŷƪС˵ĳϵĽβ
Abbr. Sig.,S.Medicine The part of a physician's prescription containing directions to the patient.
д Sig.,S.ҽѧ ÷ǩҽ˵ҩ÷Ĳ
Music 
֡ 
A sign used to indicate key.
ţָʾķ
A sign used to indicate tempo.
ĺţָʾĵķ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A letter, number, or symbol placed at the bottom of the first page on each sheet of printed pages of a book as a guide to the proper sequence of the sheets in binding.
۱꣺ӡһÿһӡŵĵһҳײһĸֻǺţװʱΪȷָʾ
A large sheet printed with four or a multiple of four pages that when folded becomes a section of the book.
ӡˢֽҳҳһӡţװһ𹹳һ
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin sign3?ra} 
Դ  sign3?ra} 
from Latin sign3s [past participle of] sign3re [to mark] 
Դ  sign3s  [] sign3reĹȥִ [־] 
from signum [sign] * see  sign 
Դ signum [Ǻ] *μ sign

= =
significance
sig.nif.i.cance
AHD:[s1g-n1f1-kns]  Ҳ sig.nif.i.can.cy [-kn-s?] 
D.J.[s!g6n!f!k*ns] Ҳ sig.nif.i.can.cy [-k*nsi8]
K.K.[s!g6n!f!k*ns] Ҳ sig.nif.i.can.cy [-k*nsi]
n.ʣ
The state or quality of being significant.See Synonyms at importance 
ҪԣҪ״̬ʲμ importance
A meaning that is expressed.
壬壺
A covert or implied meaning.See Synonyms at meaning 
˼ζ򰵺˼μ meaning

= =
significant
sig.nif.i.cant
AHD:[s1g-n1f1-knt] 
D.J.[s!g6n!f!k*nt]
K.K.[s!g6n!f!k*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or expressing a meaning; meaningful.
ģлʾһ˼ģ
Having or expressing a covert meaning; suggestive:
ζģлʾһģʾģ
a significant glance.See Synonyms at expressive 
ζһƳμ expressive
Having or likely to have a major effect; important:
شģлشӰģҪģ
a significant change in the tax laws.
˰еһش仯
Fairly large in amount or quantity:
൱ģĿϷǳģ
significant casualties; no significant opposition.
൱ûٷ
Statistics Of or relating to observations or occurrences that are too closely correlated to be attributed to chance and therefore indicate a systematic relationship.
ͳѧ ЧģЧ۲ݻ¼Ļ֮صģЩֻ¼зǳܵϵ˲ܹżȻأʾ˴ڵϵͳϵ
?
Latin signific3s  significant- [present participle of] signific3re [to signify] * see  signify 
 signific3s  significant-  [] signific3reڷִ [ʾζ] *μ signify
?
significantly
adv.ʣ

= =
signify
sig.ni.fy
AHD:[s1gn-fo] 
D.J.[6s!gn*7fa!]
K.K.[6s!gn*7fa!]
v.ʣ
sig.ni.fied,sig.ni.fy.ing,sig.ni.fies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To denote; mean.See Synonyms at mean 1
ʾ˼ǡ˼μ mean1
To make known, as with a sign or word:
ʹڣƻ
signify one's intent.
Լͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have meaning or importance.See Synonyms at count 1
ҪԣҪĻҪԵĲμ count1
Slang To exchange humorous insults in a verbal game.
ٵ ڶл࿪Ц
?
Middle English signifien 
йӢ signifien 
from Old French signifier 
Դ ŷ signifier 
from Latin signific3e 
Դ  signific3e 
signum [sign] * see  sign 
signum [־] *μ sign
-fic3e [-fy] 
-fic3e [׺ʹɡģ] 
?
signifiable
adj.ݴʣ
signifier
n.ʣ

= =
silence
si.lence
AHD:[solns] 
D.J.[6sa!l*ns]
K.K.[6sa!l*ns]
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of being or keeping still and silent.
Ĭڻ򱣳ּžͳĬ״̬
The absence of sound; stillness.
žûž
A period of time without speech or noise.
žû˵ֵһʱ
Refusal or failure to speak out.
ĬԸ޷˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
si.lenced,si.lenc.ing,si.lenc.es 
To make silent or bring to silence:
ʹʹԣ
silenced the crowd with a gesture.
ʹȺ
To curtail the expression of; suppress:
ѹƣֹıףѹƣ
silencing all criticism; silenced their opponents.
ѹеѹǵķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin silentium 
Դ  silentium 
from sil?s  silent- [present participle of] sil?re [to be silent] 
Դ sil?s  silent-  [] sil?reڷִ [] 

= =
silent
si.lent
AHD:[solnt] 
D.J.[6sa!l*nt]
K.K.[6sa!l*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by absence of noise or sound; still.
žģûֻΪģ
Not inclined to speak; not talkative.
ĬԵģϲ˵ģ̸
Unable to speak.
˵
Refraining from speech:
˵ģ
Do be silent.
ǧ𷢳
Not voiced or expressed; unspoken:
δ˵ģûпͷ˵Ļûбģû˵ģ
a silent curse; silent consent.
䣻Ĭ
Inactive; quiescent:
Ծģߵģ
a silent volcano.
߻ɽ
Linguistics Having no phonetic value; unpronounced:
ѧ ģûֵģδģ
the silentb  in subtle. 
subtleвb  
Having no spoken dialogue and usually no soundtrack. Used of a film.
ģûпͷԻģͨû֡ݵӰ
n.ʣ
A silent movie.
Ӱ
?
Latin sil?s  silent- [present participle of] sil?re [to be silent] 
 sil?s  silent-  [] sil?reڷִ [ֳĬ] 
?
silently
adv.ʣ
silentness
n.ʣ
?
silent,reticent,reserved,taciturn,secretive,uncommunicative,tightlipped
These adjectives describe people who are sparing with speech.
ЩݴʶЩ˵ˡ
 Silent   often implies a habitual disinclination to speak or to speak out: 
 Silent  ָϰԲԸ˵򽲳 
the great silent majority  (Richard M. Nixon).The term may also mean refraining from speech, as out of fear or confusion: 
ĬĴ ¡MɣҲָڿ־Իԭ˵ 
He must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent  (Earl Warren).
ڽκѯ֮ǰȱ֪бֳĬȨ ף
 Reticent   suggests a tendency to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs to oneself: 
 Reticent  ʾһֲԼ˼롢顢˽½ 
She had been shy and reticent with me, and now . . . she was telling me aloud the secrets of her inmost heart  (W.H. Hudson).
ǰһʱܺߣֳĬԣȴض˵ĵܡ WH 
 Reserved   suggests aloofness and reticence: 
 Reserved  ʾĮͳĬ 
a reserved man, whose inner life was intense and sufficient to him  (Arnold Bennett).
һֳĬˣܷḻ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ ŵ¡أ
 Taciturn   implies unsociableness and a tendency to speak only when it is absolutely necessary: 
 Taciturn  вƽʵ˼ֻھԲѵ²˵ 
At the Council board he was taciturn; and in the House of Lords he never opened his lips (Macaulay).
ԺĬԣڲԺӲڡ 
 Secretive   implies a lack of openness about or even concealment of matters that could in all conscience be discussed: 
 Secretive  ʾЩοԹ۵ϲ 
too secretive to disclose her vacation plans.
̫Īˣϸݼټƻ
Uncommunicative   suggests a disposition to withhold opinions, feelings, or knowledge from others: 
Uncommunicative  ʾһֲԸо֪ʶ߱˵Ƣԣ 
Her uncle was a silent, uncommunicative Yankee farmer.
һĬԵʽũ
Tightlipped   strongly implies a steadfast unwillingness to divulge information being sought: 
Tightlipped  һֺǿҵķǳԸ͸¶˽Ϣĺ壺 
The general remained tightlipped when reporters asked him about the rumored invasion. See also Synonyms at  still 1
ʼеĽжʱտڲ̸ μͬ still1

= =
silicon
sil.i.con
AHD:[s1l1-kn, -k?n] 
D.J.[6s!l!k*n, -7kKn]
K.K.[6s!l!k*n, -7k$n]
n.Symbol Si ʣ Si 
A nonmetallic element occurring extensively in the earth's crust in silica and silicates, having both an amorphous and a crystalline allotrope, and used doped or in combination with 
other materials in glass, semiconducting devices, concrete, brick, refractories, pottery, and silicones. Atomic number 14; atomic weight 28.086; melting point 1,410=C; boiling point 
2,355=C; specific gravity 2.33; valence 4.See table at element 
裺һַǽԪأ㷺ڵؿǵĹκ͹ʯУзǾ;ͬ壬ϲӻϣ첣뵼ϡשͻϡմɺ
顣ԭ14ԭ28.086۵1,410=Cе2,355=C2.33ϼ4μ element
?
From silica 
Դ silica

= =
silk
silk
AHD:[s1lk] 
D.J.[s!lk]
K.K.[s!lk]
n.ʣ
A fine, lustrous fiber composed mainly of fibroin and produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons, especially the strong, elastic, fibrous secretion of silkworms used to make 
thread and fabric.
˿Ҫ˿˵ɵһִ˿ĳЩܽ׳ڣָϷڵι̶͵ĺάߺ֯
Thread or fabric made from this fiber.
˿֯Ʒ˿˿Ƴɵ߻֯
A garment made from this fabric.
˿·֯·
silks Sports The brightly colored identifying garments of a jockey or harness driver.
 silks ˶ ʦְҵʦΪݶĲɫ·
A silky, filamentous material, such as the webbing spun by certain spiders or the styles forming a tuft on an ear of corn.
˿״˿״ʣĳЩ֩֯״γëԵͷ
adj.ݴʣ
Composed of or similar to the fiber or the fabric silk.
˿ģ˿˿֯ɵĻ˿˿֯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
silked,silk.ing,silks 
To develop silk. Used of corn.
˿
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sioloc 
Դ Ӣ sioloc 
[probably of Slavic origin] 
[Դ˹] 
[ultimately from Chinese] 
[Դй] 

= =
silly
sil.ly
AHD:[s1l?] 
D.J.[6s!li8]
K.K.[6s!li]
adj.ݴʣ
sil.li.er,sil.li.est 
Exhibiting a lack of wisdom or good sense; foolish.See Synonyms at foolish 
޴ģʾûǻ۵ĻȱʶģɵĲμ foolish
Lacking seriousness or responsibleness; frivolous:
ĵģȱԻθеģḡģ
indulged in silly word play; silly pet names for each other.
ĵϷУȡС
Semiconscious; dazed:
ѵģѣģ
knocked silly by the impact.
ײͷۻ
?
Middle English seli, silli [blessed, innocent, hapless] 
йӢ seli, silli [ܵӵģģҵ] 
from Old English ges?lig [blessed] 
Դ Ӣ ges?lig [ӵ] 
?
sillily
AHD:[s1l-l?] ʣ
silliness
n.ʣ

= =
silver
sil.ver
AHD:[s1lvr] 
D.J.[6s!lv*]
K.K.[6s!lv+]
n.ʣ
Symbol Ag A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element, occurring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of the 
metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed 
circuits. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 960.8=C; boiling point 2,212=C; specific gravity 10.50; valence 1, 2.See table at element 
 Ag һְɫйԵĿչĽԪأʯʯУڽеȺ͵á鱦װƷʱ۸ܸߣ㷺
ҡࡢúͺõĺϽ𡢵Ӵӡˢ·ԭ47ԭ107.868۵960.8=Cе2,212=C10.50ԭӼ12μ element
This metallic element as a commodity or medium of exchange.
׵ǮңΪƷ򽻻ýֽԪ
Coins made of this metallic element.
ңֽƳɵ
Domestic articles, such as tableware, made of or plated with silver.
ƳɵĻļƷ;
Tableware, especially eating and serving utensils, made of steel or another metal.
ƣ;ߣɸֻƳɵĲ;ߣָͺͷֲþ
Color A lustrous medium gray.
ɫʡ ɫеĻɫ
A silver salt, especially silver nitrate, used to sensitize paper.
ΣһΣָʹֽй
adj.ݴʣ
Made of or containing silver:
ģƳɵĻģ
a silver bowl; silver ore.
룻ʯ
Resembling silver, especially in having a lustrous shine; silvery.
ģģָһϣ
Color Of a lustrous medium gray:
ɫʡ ɫģеĻɫģ
silver hair.

Having a soft, clear, resonant sound.
ģᡢԽ
Eloquent; persuasive:
۱ģ˵ģ
a silver voice.
۱Ŀڲ
Favoring the adoption of silver as a standard of currency:
λƵģƫڲұ׼λģ
the silver plank of the 1896 Democratic platform.
1896ѡеλ˼
Of or constituting a 25th anniversary.
ʮģ25Ļ򹹳ɵ25
v.ʣ
sil.vered,sil.ver.ing,sil.vers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, plate, or adorn with silver or a similar lustrous substance.
ڡͿƻװƵй
To give a silver color to.
ʹɫ
To coat (photographic paper) with a film of silver nitrate or other silver salt.
Σֽһλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become silvery.
ɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English siolfor, seolfor 
Դ Ӣ siolfor, seolfor 
probably ultimately from Akkadian u [refined silver] 
Դ  u [] 
from 3pu} [to smelt, refine] 
Դ 3pu} [] 

= =
similar
sim.i.lar
AHD:[s1m-lr] 
D.J.[6s!m*l*]
K.K.[6s!m*l+]
adj.ݴʣ
Related in appearance or nature; alike though not identical.
Ƶģصģܲȫͬ
Mathematics Having corresponding angles equal and corresponding line segments proportional. Used of geometric figures:
ѧ ƵģӦȣӦ߳ɱݼͼΣ
similar triangles.

?
French similaire 
 similaire 
from Latin similis [like] * see  sem- 1
Դ  similis [] *μ sem- 1
?
similarly
adv.ʣ

= =
simple
sim.ple
AHD:[s1mpl] 
D.J.[6s!mp*l]
K.K.[6s!mp*l]
adj.ݴʣ
sim.pler,sim.plest 
Having or composed of only one thing, element, or part.See Synonyms at pure 
һģֻһһԪػ򲿷ݵĻɵĲμ pure
Not involved or complicated; easy:
򵥵ģѶĻ򲻸ӵģ׵ģ
a simple task.See Synonyms at easy 
һ򵥵μ easy
Being without additions or modifications; mere:
򵥵ģûиʻεģ
a simple yes or no.
򵥵ġǡ򡰲
Having little or no ornamentation; not embellished or adorned:
صģװκٻûװεģûװιģ
a simple dress.
һص·
Not elaborate, elegant, or luxurious.See Synonyms at plain 
ӵģɣ򲻺Ĳμ plain
Unassuming or unpretentious; not affected.
ӵģװǻƵĻ򲻽εģ
Having or manifesting little sense or intelligence.
޴ģûʲôǻģʾûжǻ
Uneducated; ignorant.
δܽģ֪
Unworldly or unsophisticated.See Synonyms at naive 
ʵģƴĻʵĲμ naive
Not guileful or deceitful; sincere.
ϵģƻĻƭģϵ
Humble or lowly in condition or rank:
΢ģ״ְλϱ΢͵ģ
a simple woodcutter.
һλµķľ
Ordinary or common:
ͨģһģ
a simple head cold.
ͨͷ˷
Being a fundamental or rudimentary element; basic.
ģԪصģ
Not important or significant; trivial.
ģҪĻûشģϸ
Biology Having no divisions or branches; not compound:
ѧ һģûзֲ֦ģ
a simple leaf; a simple eye or lens.
Ҷۻ򵥾Ƭ
Music Being without figuration or elaboration:
֡ ģûװģ
a simple tone.

n.ʣ
A single component of a complex, especially one that is unanalyzable.
һ壺һһɲݣָЩ޷ٽз
A fool; a simpleton.
ɵϣͷԼ򵥵
A person of humble birth or condition.
΢ˣ״΢
A medicinal plant or the medicine obtained from it.
ҩݣҩƼһҽֲֲҩƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin simplus * see  sem- 1
Դ  simplus *μ sem- 1
and from simplex * see  simplex 
Դ simplex *μ simplex
?
simpleness
n.ʣ

= =
simplicity
sim.plic.i.ty
AHD:[s1m-pl1s1-t?] 
D.J.[s!m6pl!s!ti8]
K.K.[s!m6pl!s!ti]
n.ʣ
 sim.plic.i.ties 
The property, condition, or quality of being simple or uncombined.
򵥣ף򵥵Ļǽϵ״
Absence of luxury or showiness; plainness.
أҫ
Absence of affectation or pretense.
ӣλ򲻼װ
Lack of sophistication or subtlety; naivet.
棺ʻʩƣ
Lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness.
ͷԼ򵥣ûǻ޴
Clarity of expression.

Austerity in embellishment.
װμ
?
Middle English simplicite 
йӢ simplicite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin simplicit3s 
Դ  simplicit3s 
from simplex  simplic- [simple] * see  sem- 1
Դ simplex  simplic- [] *μ sem- 1

= =
simplify
sim.pli.fy
AHD:[s1mpl-fo] 
D.J.[6s!mpl*7fa!]
K.K.[6s!mpl*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sim.pli.fied,sim.pli.fy.ing,sim.pli.fies 
To make simple or simpler, as:
ʹü򵥻򵥣磺
To reduce in complexity or extent.
ʹ򻯣ڸԻ̶
To reduce to fundamental parts.
٣Ĳ
To make easier to understand.
ʹʹ
?
French simplifier 
 simplifier 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin simplific3e 
Դ  simplific3e 
Latin simplus [simple] * see  simple 
 simplus [򵥵] *μ simple
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹ] 
?
simplification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ
simplifier
n.ʣ

= =
simply
sim.ply
AHD:[s1mpl?] 
D.J.[6s!mpli8]
K.K.[6s!mpli]
adv.ʣ
In a plain and unadorned way:
ӵأһغͲװεķʽ
dresses simply.
ż
In an unambiguous way; clearly:
أһֲģķʽأ
explained the concept simply.
ؽ
Not wisely or sensibly; foolishly.
ͷԼ򵥵أػǵأ޴
Merely; only:
ֻ
It is simply a matter of time.
ֻһʱ
Absolutely; altogether:
ȫأֱ
simply delicious.

Frankly; candidly:
̹ʵأأ
You are, quite simply, the best candidate for the job.
˵ʵڻݹõĺѡ

= =
simulate
sim.u.late
AHD:[s1my-l3t] 
D.J.[6s!mj*7le!t]
K.K.[6s!mj*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sim.u.lat.ed,sim.u.lat.ing,sim.u.lates 
To have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of; imitate.
ģ£ð䣺лáΡʽģ
To make in imitation of or as a substitute for.See Synonyms at imitate 
죺ģ»ΪƷμ imitate
To make a pretense of; feign:
װװ
simulate interest.See Synonyms at pretend 
װȤӲμ pretend
To create a representation or model of (a physical system or particular situation, for example).
ģ⣺磬һʵһضģϰģ
?
Latin simul3e  simul3t- 
 simul3e  simul3t- 
from similis [like] * see  similar 
Դ similis [] *μ similar
?
simulative
adj.ݴʣ

= =
simultaneous
si.mul.ta.ne.ous
AHD:[soml-t3n?-s, s1ml-] 
D.J.[7sa!m*l6te!ni8*s, 7s!m*l-]
K.K.[7sa!m*l6teni*s, 7s!m*l-]
adj.ݴʣ
Happening, existing, or done at the same time.See Synonyms at contemporary 
ͬʱģͬʱġڵĻĲμ contemporary
Mathematics Containing variables for which there are values that can satisfy all the equations:
ѧ ģһЩֵʹз̳ģ
simultaneous equations.

?
Latin simul [at the same time] * see  sem- 1
 simul [ͬʱ] *μ sem- 1
English -taneous 
Ӣ -taneous 
as in instantaneous 
 instantaneous
?
simultaneously
adv.ʣ
simultaneousness  
simultaneity
AHD:[-t-n?1-t?, -n3-] ʣ

= =
sin
sin 1
AHD:[s1n] 
D.J.[s!n]
K.K.[s!n]
n.ʣ
A transgression of a religious or moral law, especially when deliberate.
Υڽ̻ָ
Theology 
ѧ 
Deliberate disobedience to the known will of God.
Υϵ۵ּ
A condition of estrangement from God resulting from such disobedience.
Υɵϵ״̬
Something regarded as being shameful, deplorable, or utterly wrong.See Synonyms at offense 
ʧΪɳܵġɱĻȫΪμ offense
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sinned,sin.ning,sins 
To violate a religious or moral law.
Υڽ̻¹淶
To commit an offense or a violation.
ðΥ
?
Middle English sinne 
йӢ sinne 
from Old English synn * see  es- 
Դ Ӣ synn *μ es- 
?
sin
sin 2
AHD:[s?n, s1n] 
D.J.[si8n, s!n]
K.K.[sin, s!n]
n.ʣ
The 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet.See table at alphabet 
ϣĸеĵڶʮһĸμ alphabet
?
Hebrew ?n 
ϣ ?n 
?
sin
sin 3
abbr.Mathematics ѧ 
 Sine. 
Sine.
?
Sin
Sin
AHD:[s1n] 
D.J.[s!n]
K.K.[s!n]
n.Mythology ʣ񻰡 
The Babylonian god of the moon.
ͱ׵
?
Akkadian S?n 
Akkadian S?n 

= =
since
since
AHD:[s1ns] 
D.J.[s!ns]
K.K.[s!ns]
adv.ʣ
From then until now or between then and now:
ԴӡԺ󣺴ʱڻʱ֮䣺
They left town and haven't been here since.
뿪ӣԺҲû
Before now; ago:
ǰǰ
a name long since forgotten.
һǰΪ
After some point in the past; at a subsequent time:
Ժ󣺴ӹȥĳһԺںһʱ䣺
My friend has since married and moved to California.
ҵѴԺͽ˻鲢ƾӵ
prep.ʣ
Continuously from:
ԡ
They have been friends since childhood.
ǴʱһֱǺ
Intermittently from:
ӡ
She's been skiing since childhood.
ʱͿʼѩ
conj.Ӵʣ
During the period subsequent to the time when:
ڡԺһʱ
He hasn't been home since he graduated.
ҵûع
Continuously from the time when:
ӡʱһֱ
They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.
ǴСѧһֱǺ
Inasmuch as; because:
ȻΪ
Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.
Ȼ㲻ȤҾͲ
?
Middle English sinnes 
йӢ sinnes 
contraction of sithenes 
 sithenesд 
sithen [since]  from Old English siththan  soh [after]  than  variant of th3m [dative of] th?t [that] * see  that 
sithen [ӡԺ]  Դ Ӣ siththan  soh [ڡԺ]  than   th3  [] th?t [Ǹ] *μ that
-es [adv. suff.] * see  -s 3
-es [ʺ׺] *μ -s3

= =
sincere
sin.cere
AHD:[s1n-s?r] 
D.J.[s!n6s!*]
K.K.[s!n6s!r]
adj.ݴʣ
sin.cer.er,sin.cer.est 
Not feigned or affected; genuine:
ʵģװĻģʵģ
sincere indignation.
ĵķŭ
Being without hypocrisy or pretense; true:
ϵģαĻ򲻼װģʵģ
a sincere friend.
һϵ
Archaic Pure; unadulterated.
 ģٵ
?
Latin sinc?s * see  ker- 2
 sinc?s *μ ker- 2
?
sincerely
adv.ʣ
sincereness
n.ʣ
?
sincere,unaffected,unfeigned,wholehearted,hearty,heartfelt
These adjectives mean genuine, honest, and devoid of hypocrisy or pretense.
Щݴʶʵʵααε˼
 Sincere   implies freedom from sham, misrepresentation, dissimulation, or duplicity: 
 Sincere  ˼ǲƭװǻƻ򲻿ķǣ 
A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him, I may think aloud (Ralph Waldo Emerson).
һҿĶԴˡǰҿ ֶࡤĬɭ
 Unaffected   andunfeigned  especially suggest freedom from dissembling:  
 Unaffected  unfeigned ָαΣ  
Many Americans viewed the war in Vietnam with unaffected revulsion.
˶Խսһֳĵ
Their hosts received them with unfeigned pleasure.
˴ԵϲýӴǡ
Wholehearted  implies genuineness of feeling and unconditional commitment or unstinting devotion: 
Wholehearted  ʾֿĸ飬ĳŵȵķף 
The senator's party gave its wholehearted support to her presidential candidacy.
λԱڵĵȫ֧Ϊͳѡˡ
Hearty  suggests exuberant, unrestrained warmth of feeling openly expressed: 
Hearty  ʾͺĸ鼤 
sent hearty greetings;
ʾҵףأ
received hearty thanks.
ܳϿҵĸл
Heartfelt   stresses depth and earnestness of feeling: 
Heartfelt  ǿУ 
heartfelt condolences;
ĵĵ䣻
heartfelt joy. 
Եĸ 

= =
sing
sing
AHD:[s1ng] 
D.J.[s!0]
K.K.[s!0]
v.ʣ
sang[s2ng]   sung [s?ng] sung,sing.ing,sings 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Music 
֡ 
To utter a series of words or sounds in musical tones.
һԵһϵд򷢳
To vocalize songs or selections.
裺һЩƬ
To perform songs or selections as a trained or professional singer.
質ΪһܹѵĻְҵֳһЩƬ
To produce sounds when played:
ʱ
made the violin sing.
С
To make melodious sounds:
䣺ö
birds singing outside the window.
ڴ質
To give or have the effect of melody; lilt.
ɣһЧĵ
To make a high whining, humming, or whistling sound.
ܸߵߺ
To be filled with a buzzing or ringing sound.
˵ӪӪ
To proclaim or extol something in verse.
̣ʫ
To write poetry.
дʫ
Slang To give information or evidence against someone.
ٵ ܣṩĳ˵Ϣ֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Music 
֡ 
To produce the musical sound of:

sang a love song.
һװ
To utter with musical inflections:
ֵĵ˵
She sang the message.
ٴ˵Ϣ
To bring to a specified state by singing:
ʹͨʹﵽһض״̬
sang the baby to sleep.
Ÿ庢˯
To intone or chant (parts of the Mass, for example).
ӽ̻һݣ
To proclaim or extol, especially in verse:
ʫ̣ʫʽ
sang his praises.
ʫʾ
n.Music ʣ֡ 
A gathering of people for group singing.
ϳ᣺Ϊϳеľۻ
?
sing out
To call out loudly.
к
?
Middle English singen 
йӢ singen 
from Old English singan * see  seng wh- 
Դ Ӣ singan *μ seng wh- 
?
singable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
singer
singer 1
AHD:[s1ngr] 
D.J.[6s!0*]
K.K.[6s!0+]
n.ʣ
Music One who sings, especially a trained or professional vocalist.
֡ ֣ˣָܹѵĻְҵĸ質
A poet.
ʫ
A songbird.

?
singer
singer 2
AHD:[s1njr] 
D.J.[6s!nd9*]
K.K.[6s!nd9+]
n.ʣ
One that singes.
ëëǵ˻
?
Singer
Sing.er
AHD:[s1ngr] Isaac Bashevis (1904-1991) 
D.J.[6s!0*]
K.K.[6s!0+]
NONE޴ԣ
Polish-born American Yiddish writer who has published such collections asGimpel the Fool  (1957) and Passions  (1975). He won the 1978 Nobel Prize for literature. 
񣬰ˡʲά˹(1904-1991) ңƷСɵϼķ 1957꣩ С 1975꣩ѡٻ1978ŵѧ 
?
Singer
SingerIsaac Merritt (1811-1875)
NONE޴ԣ
American inventor and manufacturer who patented (1851) a sewing machine capable of making continuous stitches.
񣬰ˡ÷أ(1811-1875) Һ̣һϷҵķһķר1851꣩

= =
single
sin.gle
AHD:[s1nggl] 
D.J.[6s!0g*l]
K.K.[6s!0g*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not accompanied by another or others; solitary.
ģûһ˻ģµ
Consisting of one part, aspect, or section:
һģһ֡һһɵģ
a single thickness; a single serving.
㣻һ
Having the same application for all; uniform:
һµģеĶͬõģͳһģ
a single moral code for all.
˶õĵ¹淶
Consisting of one in number:
ΨһģĿֻһģ
She had but a single thought, which was to escape.
ֻһ뷨Ǿ
Not divided; unbroken:
ûзֿģģ
a single slab of ice.
һ
Separate from others; individual and distinct:
ģ˷ֿģ˵Ļرģ
Every single child will receive a gift.
ÿһӶյһ
Having individual opponents; involving two individuals only:
һһģиԶֵģֻǣ浽˵ģ
single combat.
һһĸ
Honest; undisguised:
ʵģαװģ
a single adoration.
ĵĳ
Wholly attentive:
һһģ
You must judge the contest with a single eye.
רⳡĲ
Designed to accommodate one person:
˵ģֻһ˵ģ
a single bed.
˴
Unmarried.

Lacking a partner:
ûаµģ
a single parent.

Relating to the unmarried state:
ģδ״̬йصģ
enjoys the single life.
ϲ
Of or relating to celibacy.
ģĻйص
Botany Having only one rank or row of petals:
ֲѧ ģֻһлһŻģ
a single flower.
껨
n.ʣ
One that is separate and individual.
ֿģ˻
An accommodation for one person, as in a hotel.
˷䣺һӵסù
An unmarried person.
ߣûн
singles Unmarried persons considered as a group:
 singles ĩߵܳƣ
a bar for singles.
ư
A one-dollar bill.
һԪֽ
A phonograph record, especially a forty-five, having one song on each side.
ƬһƬָƳƬÿֻһ׸
Baseball A hit by which a batter reaches first base safely; a one-base hit.
 һݴ򣺻ְȫһݵһһݴ
Sports 
˶ 
A hit for one run in cricket.
һλ
A golf match between two players.
˫˸߶ѡּеĸ߶
Often singles A tennis or badminton match between two players.
  singles ѡּеë
v.ʣ
sin.gled,sin.gling,sin.gles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To choose or distinguish from others. Often used without : 
ѡУѡout ã 
We singled her out from the list of applicants.
ʹһݽ
Baseball 
 
To cause (a base runner) to score or advance by making a one-base hit:
һݰһݴʹһܶ÷֣
singled him to second.
ƽ
To cause the scoring of (a run) by a one-base hit.
÷֣ͨһݰʹһܶ÷
v.intr.Baseball ﶯʣ 
To make a single.
һݴ
?
Middle English sengle 
йӢ sengle 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin singulus * see  sem- 1
Դ  singulus *μ sem- 1
?
singleness
n.ʣ
?
single,sole,unique,solitary,lone,separate
These adjectives are compared as they signify being one in number.What issingle  is not associated with, accompanied by, or combined with another or others:  
ȽϵЩݴڱʾĿʱΪһ÷Single ǲһϵϣ  
means of destruction . . . in the employment of which no single nation can in fact have a monopoly (Declaration on Atomic Energy).
ֶΡûһʹ¢Ȩ ԭԡ
 Sole   implies being the only one in existence or the only one under consideration: 
 Sole  ָΨһһڵĻΨһһ迼ǵģ 
The sole wall decoration of his studio was a Japanese print  (Arnold Bennett).
ΨһһǽһձĸƷ ŵ¡أ
 Unique   in careful usage applies to what is the only one of its kind in existence: 
 Unique  ڱȽʹкһΨһڵһ˼ 
The greatness of art is not to find what is common but what is unique  (Isaac Bashevis Singer).
ΰڷͨǷֶһ޶Ķ ˡʲά˹񣩡
 Solitary   refers to what stands alone: 
 Solitary  ָڵģ 
A solitary precedent . . . which has never been reexamined, cannot be conclusive  (Henry Clay).
ΨһûӹԵá 
 Lone   applies to what stands apart from others: 
 Lone  ָ˷룺 
It is the lone worker who makes the first advance in a subject: the details may be worked out by a team  (Alexander Fleming).
һһ¶ĹȡõһͻƣϸڿһȺȥо ɽ󡤸
 Separate   implies being single and disunited from all others under consideration: 
 Separate  ָģ뿼еֿģ 
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor  (Edgar Allan Poe).
ÿһ㽫ϨĻҽӰͶذ ¼ӡס£

= =
singular
sin.gu.lar
AHD:[s1nggy-lr] 
D.J.[6s!0gj*l*]
K.K.[6s!0gj*l+]
adj.ݴʣ
Being only one; individual.
ģֻһ˵ģ
Being the only one of a kind; unique.
һ޶ģһΨһһģص
Being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable.
Ƿģͨһģɫ
Deviating from the usual or expected; odd.See Synonyms at strange 
ֵģͨĻԤƵĲͬģصĲμ strange
Abbr. s.,sing.Grammar 
д s.,sing.﷨ 
Of, relating to, or being a noun, pronoun, or adjective denoting a single person or thing or several entities considered as a single unit.
ģָһ˻ΪһļʵʡʻݴʵĻ֮ص
Of, relating to, or being a verb expressing the action or state of a single subject.
ģʾһĶ״̬ĶʵĻ֮ص
Logic Of or relating to the specific as distinguished from the general; individual.
߼ѧ Ƶģһ㲻ͬضĻ֮йصģ
n.Abbr. s.,sing.Grammar ʣд s.,sing.﷨ 
The singular number or a form designating it.
һʽ
A word having a singular number.
ʣʽĴ
?
Middle English singuler 
йӢ singuler 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin singul3s 
Դ  singul3s 
from singulus [single] * see  single 
Դ singulus [һ] *μ single
?
singularly
adv.ʣ
singularness
n.ʣ

= =
sink
sink
AHD:[s1ngk] 
D.J.[s!0k]
K.K.[s!0k]
v.ʣ
sank[s2ngk]   sunk [s?ngk] sunk,sink.ing,sinks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To descend to the bottom; submerge.
û½ײû
To fall or drop to a lower level, especially to go down slowly or in stages:
䣺䵽ˮƽָ䣺
The water in the lake sank several feet during the long, dry summer.
ļˮˮλӢ
To subside or settle gradually, as a massive or weighty structure.
ȥ£ӴصĹ
To appear to move downward, as the sun or moon in setting.
䣺³̫³˶
To slope downward; incline.
ббб
To pass into a specified condition:
룺ĳض״̬
She sank into a deep sleep.

To deteriorate in quality or condition:
񻯣ʺĶ񻯣
The patient is sinking fast. The family sank into a state of disgrace.
˵ĲѸٶ񻯡ͥߵ״
To diminish, as in value.
ͣ٣ڼֵ
To become weaker, quieter, or less forceful:
ø
His voice sank to a whisper.
ɶ
To drop or fall slowly, as from weakness or fatigue:
£»£ƣ
The exhausted runner sank to the ground.
ƣߵѡֵ˶
To feel great disappointment or discouragement:
ʹʧ䣺е޴ʧй
Her heart sank within her.

To seep or soak; penetrate:
͸͸
The water is sinking into the ground.
ˮ
To make an impression; become felt or understood:
⣺ӡ󣻱֪⣺
The meaning finally sank in.
˼ڱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to descend beneath a surface:
ʹ³ʹ³ĳһ£
sink a ship.
ʹû
To cause to drop or lower:
ʹ´ʹͣ
sank the bucket into the well.
ˮͰ뾮
To force into the ground:
棺
sink a piling.
ľ׮
To dig or drill (a mine or well) in the earth.
ڣڵھ򣨿ˮ
To occupy the full attention of; engross.
еע
To make weaker, quieter, or less forceful.
ʹƽ
To reduce in quantity or worth.
٣ֵϼ
To debase the nature of; degrade.
ͣʹ
To bring to a low or ruined state; defeat or destroy.
ʹ䣺ʹ»򱻻ٵ״ܻƻ
To suppress or hide:
ѹƻأ
He sank his arrogance and apologized.
˵Ǹ
Informal To defeat, as in a game.
ʽ ܣܣڱ
To invest:
Ͷʣ
sink money into a new housing project.
ʽͶסլ
To invest without any prospect of return.
ɥʧͶʽûлرɥʧʽ
To pay off (a debt).
ծ
Sports To get (a ball) into a hole or basket.
˶ 򣺰ѣ׽л
n.ʣ
A water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe and generally a piped supply of water.
ˮۣװǽذϴгˮܺһйܵӦˮˮ
A cesspool.
ˮ
A sinkhole.
ˮ
In thermodynamics, the part of a system from which heat, or more generally, energy is removed from the system.
ɢȶѧУͷϵͳһ
A place regarded as wicked and corrupt.
ߣΪаĻĵط
?
sink or swimʽ
To succeed or fail without alternative.
ɻܣѡ
?
Middle English sinken 
йӢ sinken 
from Old English sincan 
Դ Ӣ sincan 
?
sinkable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sir
sir
AHD:[s?r] 
D.J.[sT8]
K.K.[sP]
n.ʣ
Sir Used as an honorific before the given name or the full name of baronets and knights.
 Sir ʿڴоʿȫǰʾ𾴵ĳν
Used as a form of polite address for a man:
Եòνʽ
Don't forget your hat, sir.
ñ
Used as a salutation in a letter:
żеĳƺ
Dear Sir or Madam.
װŮʿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of sire * see  sire 
 sireı *μ sire

= =
sister
sis.ter
AHD:[s1str] 
D.J.[6s!st*]
K.K.[6s!st+]
n.Abbr. s.ʣд s.
A girl or woman having the same mother and father as another.
ãһλŮŮͬĸĸŮŮ
A girl or woman having one parent in common with another; a half sister.
ͬĸͬĸ츸ĽãһλŮŮͬĸ׻ĸ׵ŮŮˣͬĸͬĸ츸Ľ
The daughter of a person's stepparent by a previous marriage; a stepsister.
츸ĸĽãĳ˼̸ĸǰŮ̽
A girl or woman who shares a common ancestry, allegiance, character, or purpose with another or others, specifically:
ŮӣһЩŮŮͬȡҵԸĿŮ˻Ůָ
A kinswoman.
Ů
A woman fellow member, as of a sorority.
ŮԱŮԳԱ績ŮĳԱ
A fellow woman, friend, or companion.
Ů飬ѻͬ
A soul sister.
Ů
A woman who advocates, fosters, or takes part in the feminist movement.
ӵŮȨ˶ĸŮ
Informal Used as a form of address for a woman or girl.
ʽ ڳƺŮ˻Ůһʽ
Sister Abbr. Sr.Ecclesiastical 
 Sister д Sr.̻᡿ 
A member of a religious order of women; a nun.
ŮŮڽĳԱ
Used as a form of address for such a woman, alone or followed by the woman's name.
ŮĳƺڶŮĳνʹûڸŮֺ
Chiefly British A nurse, especially the head nurse in a ward.
Ӣ ʿʿָеĻʿ
One identified as female and closely related to another:
ͬ͵ĶΪǽð໥ܹϵĶ
the sisters Death and Night(Walt Whitman)
ڰһԽá(ֶء)
adj.ݴʣ
Related by or as if by sisterhood; closely related:
ã㣩ģùϵ·ǽùϵģϵܵģ
sister ships; sister cities.
ôó
Genetics Of or being one of an identical pair:
Ŵѧ ȫͬģڻȫͬһ˫еһ
sister chromatids.
ȫͬȾɫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
partly from Old English sweostor 
Դ Ӣ sweostor 
and from Old Norse systir * see  swesor- 
Դ ˹ά systir *μ swesor- 

= =
sit
sit
AHD:[s1t] 
D.J.[s!t]
K.K.[s!t]
v.ʣ
sat[s2t] sit.ting,sits 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rest with the torso vertical and the body supported on the buttocks.
ֱβ֧ľֹ
To rest with the hindquarters lowered onto a supporting surface. Used of animals.
ĳ֧ϡڱ
To perch. Used of birds.
Ϣڱ
To cover eggs for hatching; brood.
Ϸ
To be situated or located:
䣺ڻλڣ
a house that sits on a hill.
ɽϵķ
To lie or rest:
ƽŻã
Dishes were sitting on a shelf.See Usage Note at set 1
ƽڼϲμ set1
To pose for an artist or a photographer.
ںƣǰӰʦǰ
To occupy a seat as a member of a body of officials:
ռϯΪĳĳԱӵһϯλ
sit in Congress.
еϯλ
To be in session.
ͥڻڻͥ
To remain inactive or unused:
ֲòã
Her expensive skis sat gathering dust.
ǸѩвãѾ˻ҳ
To affect one with or as if with a burden; weigh:
ѹû·һָӰĳˣѹ
Official duties sat heavily upon the governor.
Ϊݳص
To fit, fall, or drape in a specified manner:
һķʽʺϡ»װΣ
The jacket sits perfectly on you.
п˷ǳʺ
To be agreeable to one; please:
ӭͣӭĳˣȡĳˣ
The idea didn't sit well with any of us.
ÿ˵˼Υ
Chiefly British To take an examination, as for a degree.
Ӣ ԣμӿԣΪȡƾĿ
To blow from a particular direction. Used of the wind.
һķڱ
To keep watch or take care of a child.
չˣչС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to sit; seat:
ʹ£ʹ£ʹ£
Sit yourself over there.
Ǳ
To keep one's seat on (an animal):
ĳֶ
She sits her horse well.
úܺ
To sit on (eggs) for the purpose of hatching.
Ϊ˷
To provide seating accommodation for:
ṩλ
a theater that sits 1,000 people.
һǧ˵ľ糡
n.ʣ
The act of sitting.
Ķ
A period of time spent sitting.
ŵʱ
The way in which an article of clothing, such as a dress or jacket, fits.
ʺϣɲƳɵƷķʽ·п
?
sit down
To take a seat.

sit in
To attend or participate in as a visitor:
μӳϯΪι߳ϯͲ룺
sat in on the discussion.
μ
To take part in a sit-in.
μӾչʾ
sit on  
sit upon
To confer about.

Informal To suppress or repress:
ʽ ѹƻѹ
sat on the evidence.
ѹ֤
Informal To postpone action or resolution regarding.
ʽ ӣжĳĽ
Slang To rebuke sharply; reprimand.
ٵ 
sit out
To stay until the end of.
ֱͣĽ
To refrain from taking part in:
룺һԲμӣ
sit out a dance.

sit up
To rise from lying down to a sitting position.
𣺴ŵ
To sit with the spine erect.
ֱ
To stay up later than the customary bedtime.
ҹϰϵ˯ʱ֮û˯
To become suddenly alert:
Ȼ
The students sat up when he mentioned the test.
ᵽԵʱѧǺȻ
?
sit on (one's) hands
To fail to act.
ʧܵı
sit prettyʽ
To be in a very favorable position.
ڷǳĵλ
sit tightʽ
To be patient and await the next move.
ĵȴĵصȴһж
?
Middle English sitten 
йӢ sitten 
from Old English sittan * see  sed- 
Դ Ӣ sittan *μ sed- 

= =
site
site
AHD:[sot] 
D.J.[sa!t]
K.K.[sa!t]
n.ʣ
The place where a structure or group of structures was, is, or is to be located:
ص㣬ػȺĵƤػѡַ
a good site for the school.
ѧУõѡַ
The place or setting of something:
ط
a historic site; a job site.
ʷż
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sit.ed,sit.ing,sites 
To situate or locate on a site:
䣺ַʹĳأ
sited the power plant by the river.
糡ںӱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin situs * see  situs 
Դ  situs *μ situs

= =
situated
sit.u.at.ed
AHD:[s1ch?-3t1d] 
D.J.[6s!t.u87e!t!d]
K.K.[6s!t.u7et!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a place or location; located:
λڣλڡģڡģ
a cabin nicely situated on a quiet riverbank.
Сŵĺ
Supplied with money:
ṩǮ
a family that has always been well situated.
гĽǮӦļͥ

= =
situation
sit.u.a.tion
AHD:[s1ch?-3shn] 
D.J.[7s!t.u86e!.*n]
K.K.[7s!t.u6e.*n]
n.ʣ
The way in which something is positioned vis--vis its surroundings.
λãĳΧصرõķʽ
The place in which something is situated; a location.
ص㣺ĳڵĵص㣻ص
Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances.
״йصĵλλ
The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.See Synonyms at state 
ƣ棺ضʱ̸ۺϣ̬μ state
A critical, problematic, or striking set of circumstances.
Ѿأؼʱ̣̬ת۵
A position of employment; a post.
ְҵְ
?
situational
adj.ݴʣ
situationally
adv.ʣ

= =
six
six
AHD:[s1ks] 
D.J.[s!ks]
K.K.[s!ks]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 5 + 1.
һĻ
The sixth in a set or sequence.
һа˳ĵ
Something having six parts, units, or members, especially a motor vehicle having six cylinders.
λɵĶ֡λԱɵĳָ׵Ļ
?
at sixes and sevens
In a state of confusion or disorder.
߰㣺һҵ״̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  s(w)eks 
Դ Ӣ *μ s(w)eks 
?
six
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
sixteen
six.teen
AHD:[s1k-st?n] 
D.J.[s!k6sti8n]
K.K.[s!k6stin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to the sum of 15 + 1.
ʮʮһȵĻ
The 16th in a set or sequence.
ʮһл˳ʮλ
?
Middle English sixtene 
йӢ sixtene 
from Old English sixtte * see  s(w)eks 
Դ Ӣ sixtte *μ s(w)eks 
?
sixteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
sixth
sixth
AHD:[s1ksth] 
D.J.[s!ksG]
K.K.[s!ksG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number six in a series.
һ
One of six equal parts.
֮һ
Music 
֡ 
An interval of six degrees in a diatonic scale.
̣ȫе
A tone separated by this interval from a given tone.
ɸ̷ͨ
The harmonic combination of two tones separated by this interval.
Ⱥ̷ĺ
The sixth tone of a scale; the submediant.
׵ĵ
?
sixth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sixty
six.ty
AHD:[s1kst?] 
D.J.[6s!ksti8]
K.K.[6s!ksti]
n.ʣ
 six.ties 
The cardinal number equal to 6  10.
ʮʮĻ
sixties 
 sixties 
Often Sixties The decade from 60 to 69 in a century.
  Sixties ʮһʮ굽֮ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 60 to 69:
ʮʮߴʮʮ֣֮
They planned to retire in their sixties. The breeze kept the temperature in the sixties.
Ǽƻʮʱݡ΢罫¶ʼձʮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sixtig * see  s(w)eks 
Դ Ӣ sixtig *μ s(w)eks 
?
sixty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
size
size 1
AHD:[soz] 
D.J.[sa!z]
K.K.[sa!z]
n.ʣ
The physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of an object.
Сߴ磺ĳߴ硢С
Any of a series of graduated categories of dimension whereby manufactured articles, such as shoes and clothing, are classified.
룺ߴֵȼһϵз෽ӶƷЬ·з
Considerable extent, amount, or dimensions:
ɹ۵ķΧС
a debt of enormous size.
޶ծ
Relative amount or number, as of population or contents:
ص֣˿ڻ
What size is Cleveland?
˿ж?
Character, value, or status with reference to relative importance or the capacity to meet given requirements:
ͣضҪһҪԵֵݣ
Try this proposal on for size.
;ƻ
The actual state of affairs:
ࣺʵ
That's about the size of the situation.
й
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sized,siz.ing,siz.es 
To arrange, classify, or distribute according to size.
СУࣩСС
To make, cut, or shape to a required size.
ߴ죺Ҫĳߴü
adj.ݴʣ
Sized. Often used in combination:
һСģһġڸϴ 
bite-size appetizers; an economy-size package.
һڴСĿθƷشŵİװ
?
size up
To make an estimate, an opinion, a judgment of:
ƣһֹơжϣ
She sized up her opponent.
Ķ
?
Middle English sise 
йӢ sise 
from Old French [court session, law] 
Դ ŷ [ͥ] 
short for assise * see  assize 
 assiseļд *μ assize
?
sizer
n.ʣ
?
size
size 2
AHD:[soz] 
D.J.[sa!z]
K.K.[sa!z]
n.ʣ
Any of several gelatinous or glutinous substances usually made from glue, wax, or clay and used as a glaze or filler for porous materials such as paper, cloth, or wall surfaces.
ϣһ״ʻճʣ콺ˮճԼĶʣֽšϻǽڵʻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sized,siz.ing,siz.es 
To treat or coat with size or a similar substance.
ѡϽϻͿϻʴ
?
Middle English sise 
йӢ sise 
probably from Old French [a setting] * see  size 1
Դ ŷ [һ] *μ size1

= =
skate
skate 1
AHD:[sk3t] 
D.J.[ske!t]
K.K.[sket]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
An ice skate.
Ь
A roller skate.
Ь
The act or a period of skating.
Ķһλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
skat.ed,skat.ing,skates 
To glide or move along on or as if on skates.
ñЬ·ñЬлƶ
Informal To act in an irresponsible or superficial manner.
ʽ һһֲλ̬ܵ
?
From Dutch schaats [stilt, skate]  [taken as pl.] 
Դ  schaats [ΣЬ]  [] 
from Middle Dutch schaetse 
Դ йź schaetse 
from Old North French escache [stilt] 
Դ ŷ escache [] 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
skate
skate 2
AHD:[sk3t] 
D.J.[ske!t]
K.K.[sket]
n.ʣ
Any of various rays of the genusRaja,  having a flattened body and greatly expanded pectoral fins that extend around the head. 
㣺һ 㣬бƽչͷΧĿ 
?
Middle English scate 
йӢ scate 
from Old Norse skata 
Դ ˹ά skata 
?
skate
skate 3
AHD:[sk3t] 
D.J.[ske!t]
K.K.[sket]
n.ʣ
A fellow; a person.
һ
A decrepit horse; a nag.
õ
?
Perhaps alteration of dialectal skite [contemptible person] 
Ϊ  skiteı仯 [ӵ] 
probably from dialectal skite [to defecate] 
Դ  skite [] 
from Middle English skiten 
Դ йӢ skiten 
from Old Norse skoa * see  skei- 
Դ ˹ά skoa *μ skei- 

= =
skeleton
skel.e.ton
AHD:[skl1-tn] 
D.J.[6skel!tn]
K.K.[6skWl!t2]
n.ʣ
The internal structure composed of bone and cartilage that protects and supports the soft organs, tissues, and other parts of a vertebrate organism; endoskeleton.
ɹɵڲṹĿǱּ֧׵֯ٺ֣ڹ
The hard external supporting and protecting structure in many invertebrates, such as mollusks and crustaceans, and certain vertebrates, such as turtles; exoskeleton.
ǸɣǼ׵ⲿֺ֧ͱõĽṹ嶯ͼ׿ǸٵĶ⻹һЩ׵纣ꣻ
A supporting structure or framework, as of a building.
ܣֽ֧ṹ򹹼ܣ罨
An outline or a sketch.
٣򹣸
Something reduced to its basic or minimal parts.
ΪСĲ
One that is very thin or emaciated.
ݹˣݶ㲵Ķ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or resembling a skeleton.
㣩ģڣйعĻ
Reduced to the basic or minimal parts or members:
ģСֵģ
a skeleton crew.
Ա
Computer Science Of or relating to a set of incomplete instructions intended to be completed by a specialized program.
ѧ ܵģڻйЩһɵδɵָ
?
skeleton in (one's) closet
A source of shame or disgrace, as in a family, that is kept secret.
ҳ󣺱ܻ߳ԭʼϣһͥ
?
Greek skeleton (s?) [dried-up (body)] [neuter of] skeletos 
ϣ skeleton (s?) [ɿݵģ壩]  [] skeletos 
from skellesthai [to dry up] 
Դ skellesthai [ʹݽ] 

= =
skeptical
skeptical Ҳ scep.ti.cal
AHD:[skpt1-kl] 
D.J.[6skept!k*l]
K.K.[6skWpt!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by or given to doubt; questioning:
ɵģлɵģģ
a skeptical attitude; skeptical of political promises.
ɵĹ۵㣻ϵŵ
Relating to or characteristic of skeptics or skepticism.
۵ģйػۣߣģԻۣߣΪص
?
skeptically
adv.ʣ

= =
sketch
sketch
AHD:[skch] 
D.J.[sket.]
K.K.[skWt.]
n.ʣ
A hasty or undetailed drawing or painting often made as a preliminary study.
ͼΪоĲͼͼ
A brief, general account or presentation; an outline.
ݸ壺ҪġԵļ¼ܣ
A brief, light, or informal literary composition, such as an essay or a short story.
ƪƷҪġĻʽѧƷһƪĻƪС˵
Music A brief composition, especially for the piano.
֡ СƷָΪ
A short, often satirical scene or play in a revue or variety show; a skit.
̾磺ʱ·̾еһСζĻ磻̶̾
Informal An amusing person.
ʽ ŹֿЦ
v.ʣ
sketched,sketch.ing,sketch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a sketch of; outline.
ͼд
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a sketch.

?
Dutch schets 
 schets 
from Italian schizzo 
Դ  schizzo 
from schizzare [to splash] 
Դ schizzare [] 
[of imitative origin] 
[Դģ] 
?
sketcher
n.ʣ

= =
ski
ski
AHD:[sk?] 
D.J.[ski8]
K.K.[ski]
n.ʣ
 skis 
Sports 
˶ 
One of a pair of long flat runners of plastic, metal, or wood that curve upward in front and may be attached to a boot for gliding or traveling over snow.
ѩ壺һ˫ϡľͷƳɵֳƽĻװ֮һǰϲҿɸѥԱ㻬лѩϴ
A waterski.
ˮ
Something that is used as a runner on a vehicle:
װãڻװõĶ
a helicopter with skis for landing on snow and ice.
װԱѩͱϽķɻ
v.ʣ
skied,ski.ing,skis 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel or glide on skis, especially as a sport.
ѩڻѩлУΪһ˶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To travel or glide over on skis:
ѩڻѩл򻬹
ski a mountain slope.
ɽ
?
Norwegian 
Ų 
from Old Norse skoh [stick, snowshoe] * see  skei- 
Դ ˹ά skoh [ѩЬ] *μ skei- 
?
skiable
adj.ݴʣ
skier
n.ʣ

= =
skill
skill
AHD:[sk1l] 
D.J.[sk!l]
K.K.[sk!l]
n.ʣ
Proficiency, facility, or dexterity that is acquired or developed through training or experience.See Synonyms at ability 
ܣͨѵõչԡɶȲμ ability
An art, a trade, or a technique, particularly one requiring use of the hands or body.
գɣɡֹջָҪʹֻ
A developed talent or ability:
ܣַչĲŸ
writing skills.
д
Obsolete A reason; a cause.
 ԭ
?
Middle English skil 
йӢ skil 
from Old Norse [discernment] * see  skel- 1
Դ ˹ά [] *μ skel- 1

= =
skilled
skilled
AHD:[sk1ld] 
D.J.[sk!ld]
K.K.[sk!ld]
adj.ݴʣ
Having or showing skill; expert.See Synonyms at proficient 
мܵģлʾܵģרҵĲμ proficient
Requiring specialized ability or training:
ҪܵģҪѵģ
a skilled trade.
Ҫֹҵ

= =
skillful
skillful Ҳ skil.ful
AHD:[sk1lfl] 
D.J.[6sk!lf*l]
K.K.[6sk!lf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Possessing or exercising skill; expert.See Synonyms at proficient 
ɵģлüܵģרҵĲμ proficient
Characterized by, exhibiting, or requiring skill.
ɵģԼΪصģչʾĻҪܵ
?
skillfully
adv.ʣ
skillfulness
n.ʣ

= =
skim
skim
AHD:[sk1m] 
D.J.[sk!m]
K.K.[sk!m]
v.ʣ
skimmed,skim.ming,skims 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove floating matter from (a liquid).
ƲȥƮʴӣҺ壩
To remove (floating matter) from a liquid.
ѣƮʣҺ
To take away the choicest or most readily attainable contents or parts from.
ӡȡӡѾȡõݻ򲿷ȡ
To coat or cover with or as if with a thin layer, as of scum.
ʹһ㱡㣺ûһ㶫ڡϻϣ縡
To throw so as to bounce or slide:
ӹͶԱԾ򻬶
skimming stones on the pond.
ʯ
To glide or pass quickly and lightly over.See Synonyms at brush 1
ڡֿӹμ brush1
To read or glance through (a book, for example) quickly or superficially.
ԶٵػǳǳĶһ飩
Slang To fail to declare part of (certain income, such as winnings) to avoid tax payment.
ٵ Ϊ˰ȥһ룬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or pass swiftly and lightly over or near a surface; glide.
ӹݵززӹű
To give a quick and superficial reading, scrutiny, or consideration; glance:
ԶпٵĲҷǳĶǣƲһۣ
skimmed through the newspaper.
һ鱨ֽ
To become coated with a thin layer.
øһ㶫
Slang To fail to declare certain income to avoid tax payment.
ٵ Ϊ˰ȥһ
n.ʣ
The act of skimming.
ƲȡƲĶ
Something that has been skimmed.
ƲȥĶ
A thin layer or film.
ıǲ㣺һ㶫һĻ
Slang The profit gained by skimming.
ٵ ͨõ
?
Middle English skimmen 
йӢ skimmen 
perhaps from Old French escumer [to remove scum] 
Դ ŷ escumer [ƶ] 
from escume [scum] 
Դ escume [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  (s)keu- 
[Դն] *μ (s)keu- 

= =
skin
skin
AHD:[sk1n] 
D.J.[sk!n]
K.K.[sk!n]
n.ʣ
The membranous tissue forming the external covering or integument of an animal and consisting in vertebrates of the epidermis and dermis.
ƤƤγɶƤ򸲸ڱ׵γɱƤƤĤ״֯
An animal pelt, especially the comparatively pliable pelt of a small or young animal:
ëƤëƤָСĻ׶ëƤ
a tent made of goat skins.
ƤƳɵ
A usually thin, closely adhering outer layer:
Ƥǣһͨģһⲿ㣺
the skin of a peach; a sausage skin; the skin of an aircraft.
ҵƤ㳦Ƥ
A container for liquids that is made of animal skin.
ƤңöƤëƳɵҺ
Informal One's life or physical survival:
ʽ ˵ڣ
They lied to save their skins.

v.ʣ
skinned,skin.ning,skins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove skin from:
ƤӡƤ
skinned and gutted the rabbit.
ӵƤȡ
To bruise, cut, or injure the skin or surface of:
ơƤˣиˡƤ棺
She skinned her knee.
ϥ
To remove (an outer covering); peel off:
Ƥȥ㸲Ƥ
skin off the thin bark.
ȥƤ
To cover with or as if with skin:
ʹƤûƤǣ
skin the framework of a canoe.
Ŀܸ
Slang To fleece; swindle.
ٵ թȡƭȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become covered with or as if with skin:
ʹǣøƤƤ
In January the pond skins over with ice.
һ·ݳһ
To pass with little room to spare:
ǿµĺСĿռͨ
We barely skinned by.
Ǽȥ
adj.Slang ݴʣٵ 
Of, relating to, or depicting pornography:
ɫģɫģɫйصĻдɫģ
skin magazines.
ɫ־
?
by the skin of (one's) teeth
By the smallest margin.
պãǿ
get under (one's) skin
To irritate or stimulate; provoke.
ŭĳˣŭ̼
To become an obsession.
ע
under the skin
Beneath the surface; fundamentally:
ڱϣϣڱ£أ
enemies who are really brothers under the skin.
ʵֵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse skinn * see  sek- 
Դ ˹ά skinn *μ sek- 
?
skinless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
skip
skip
AHD:[sk1p] 
D.J.[sk!p]
K.K.[sk!p]
v.ʣ
skipped,skip.ping,skips 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move by hopping on one foot and then the other.
ͨһֻȻһƶ
To leap lightly about.
ģص
To bounce over or be deflected from a surface; skim or ricochet.
ԾӱԾƫбӻԾ
To pass from point to point, omitting or disregarding what intervenes:
ԹʡԻӸĶһ㵽һͨ
skipped through the list hurriedly; skipping over the dull passages in the novel.
ѸٵС˵пĶ
To be promoted in school beyond the next regular class or grade.
ѧУ涨İ꼶
Informal To leave hastily; abscond:
ʽ Ҵҵ뿪Ǳӣ
skipped out of town.
ӳȥ
To misfire. Used of an engine.
Żڻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To leap or jump lightly over:
Խ
skip rope.

To pass over without mentioning; omit:
ԣʡȥûᵽ͹ȥʡԣ
skipped the minor details of the story.
ȥ˹µϸ
To cause to bounce lightly over a surface; skim.
ӹʹĳһӹ
To be promoted beyond (the next grade or level).
һ꼶ˮƽ
Informal To leave hastily:
ʽ ߣҴҵ뿪
The fugitive skipped town.
ߴҴС
Informal To fail to attend:
ʽ 룺ûвμӣ
We skipped science class again.
һȻѧ
n.ʣ
A leaping or jumping movement, especially a gait in which hops and steps alternate.
ģĵĶָཻĲ
An act of passing over something; an omission.
ʡԣԽĳĶʡ
?
Middle English skippen 
йӢ skippen 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
skippable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
skirt
skirt
AHD:[sk?rt] 
D.J.[skT8t]
K.K.[skPt]
n.ʣ
The part of a garment, such as a dress or coat, that hangs freely from the waist down.
·ȹ°ڣ´·һ֣Ů
A garment hanging from the waist and worn by women and girls.
ŮȹŮŮĴµ·
One of the leather flaps hanging from the side of a saddle.
ഹµƤ֮һ
The lower outer section of a rocket vehicle.
ⲿĵ
An outer edge; a border or margin:
ԵıߣԵߣ
a base camp on the skirt of the mountain.
ɽµľӪ
skirts The edge, as of a town; the outskirts.
 skirts Եеģ
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a woman.
 ٵ ŮˣƺŮĴԵĴ
v.ʣ
skirt.ed,skirt.ing,skirts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lie along or form the edge of; border:
šԵءԵγɡıԵӽ
the creek that skirts our property.
Сγǵĵؽ
To pass around rather than across or through:
ơߣڡΧǴ
changed their course to skirt the storm.
ıǵ·ƹ籩
To pass close to; miss narrowly:
 ܿӽǿ
The bullet skirted an artery.
ӵ
To evade, as by circumlocution:
رܣ⣬ͨת۵˵
skirted the controversial issue.
˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lie along, move along, or be an edge or a border.
λڱԵرߣλڡıԵšıԵ߻ǡıԵ߽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse skyrta [shirt] * see  sker- 1
Դ ˹ά skyrta [] *μ sker- 1

= =
sky
sky
AHD:[sko] 
D.J.[ska!]
K.K.[ska!]
n.ʣ
 skies[skoz]  
The expanse of air over any given point on Earth; the upper atmosphere as seen from Earth's surface.
죬գڵϸصϷĿ򣻴ϲӵ濴ȥ
Often skies The appearance of the upper atmosphere, especially with reference to weather:
  skies ϲָۣ
Threatening skies portend a storm.
µԤʾһ
The celestial regions; the heavens:
յĵգ
stars in the southern sky.
ϲյȺ
The highest level or degree:
ߵȼ̶ȣ
reaching for the sky.
ﵽ߷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
skied[skod] sky.ing,skies[skoz]  
To hit or throw (a ball, for example) high in the air.
Уĳ£򣩴߿
To hang (a painting, for example) high up on the wall, above the line of vision.
߹ңĳһ߸ߵعǽϣλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse skt} [cloud] * see  (s)keu- 
Դ ˹ά skt} [] *μ (s)keu- 

= =
slack
slack 1
AHD:[sl2k] 
D.J.[sl#k]
K.K.[sl#k]
adj.ݴʣ
slack.er,slack.est 
Moving slowly; sluggish:
жٻģƶģɢģ
a slack pace.
ɢĲ
Lacking in activity; not busy:
嵭ģȱٻģæµģ
a slack season for the travel business.
ҵĵ
Not tense or taut; loose:
ɳڵģδĻδģɢģ
a slack rope; slack muscles.See Synonyms at loose 
δӣɳڵļμ loose
Lacking firmness; flaccid:
ʵģģ
a slack grip.
һ
Lacking in diligence or due care or concern; negligent:
иģȱڷܡչ˻ĵģĴģ
a slack worker.See Synonyms at negligent 
ĴĹ˲μ negligent
Flowing or blowing with little speed:
ٵģٶȺʻ򴵵ģ
a slack current; slack winds.
ͷ
v.ʣ
slacked,slack.ing,slacks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make slower or looser; slacken.
ʹʹϻɢи
To be careless or remiss in doing:
ʱֵòϸĻ
slack one's duty.
ְ
To slake (lime).
ʹʯң컯
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become slack.
ɳڣֵû
To evade work; shirk.
ӱܹС
n.ʣ
A loose part, as of a rope or sail.
ɳڵĲ֣ɢһ֣򴬷
A lack of tension; looseness.
δɢ
A period of little activity; a lull.
ٵһʱ䣻Ъ
A cessation of movement in a current of air or water.
ֹˮ˶һֹ
An area of still water.
ͻһƬƽˮ
Unused capacity:
δʹõ
still some slack in the economy.
ϻһЩԣ
slacks Casual trousers that are not part of a suit.
 slacks ɵĿӣп㣬װһ
adv.ʣ
In a slack manner:
أķʽģ
a banner hanging slack.
ŵ
?
slack off
To decrease in activity or intensity.
ɣͣڻŷ½
?
Middle English slak 
йӢ slak 
from Old English sl?c * see  sl?g- 
Դ Ӣ sl?c *μ sl?g- 
?
slackly
adv.ʣ
slackness
n.ʣ
?
slack
slack 2
AHD:[sl2k] 
D.J.[sl#k]
K.K.[sl#k]
n.ʣ
A mixture of coal fragments, coal dust, and dirt that remains after screening coal.
úúɸѡʣµúмúҵĻ
?
Middle English sleck 
йӢ sleck 
?
slack
slack 3
AHD:[sl2k] 
D.J.[sl#k]
K.K.[sl#k]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
A small dell or hollow.
СɽȻСݵ
A bog; a morass.

?
Middle English slak 
йӢ slak 
from Old Norse slakki 
Դ ˹ά slakki 

= =
slam
slam 1
AHD:[sl2m] 
D.J.[sl#m]
K.K.[sl#m]
v.ʣ
slammed,slam.ming,slams 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shut with force and loud noise:
Ȼϣزܴ
slammed the door.
һ¹
To put, throw, or otherwise forcefully move so as to produce a loud noise:
ͶãΪŪܴšӻ˶
slammed the book on the desk.
һ°ӵ
To hit or strike with great force.
ü
Slang To criticize harshly; censure forcefully.
ٵ ̵ط
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To close or swing into place with force so as to produce a loud noise.
ȻϣΪŪܴػ˦һط
To hit something with force; crash:
ײشĳײ
slammed into a truck.
ײһ
n.ʣ
A forceful impact that makes a loud noise.
ײģܴײ
A noise so produced.
ȻŪ
An act of shutting forcefully and loudly:
ĹϵĶܴĹصĶ
the slam of a door.
űع
Slang A harsh or devastating criticism.
ٵ ҵ̵ĻƻԵ
?
[Perhaps of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse slambra [to strike at] 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά slambra [] 
?
slam
slam 2
AHD:[sl2m] 
D.J.[sl#m]
K.K.[sl#m]
n.Games ʣϷ 
The winning of all the tricks or all but one during the play of one hand in bridge and other whist-derived card games.
ᣬȫʢƻ˹ϷһӮеĸջֻһ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
slap
slap
AHD:[sl2p] 
D.J.[sl#p]
K.K.[sl#p]
n.ʣ
A sharp blow made with the open hand or with a flat object; a smack.
⣺ſֻƽһ
The sound of such a blow.
һ
A sharp insult:
裺̵裺
a slap to one's pride.
ĳļ̵
v.ʣ
slapped,slap.ping,slaps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with a flat object, such as the palm of the hand.
⣺һƽ壨ƣ
To cause to strike sharply and loudly:
ʹʹزܴش
slapping the sticks together.
žػһ
To put or place with a loud sharp sound:
ã̶طã
He took a clipping from his wallet and slapped it on the bar(Nathanael West)
Ƥóһݼˤ̨ϡ(ڶΤ˹)
To criticize or insult sharply.
̵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike or beat with the force and sound of a slap:
Ļ
waves slapping against the raft.
Ĵľ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Directly and with force.
ֱ
?
slap down
To restrain or correct by means of a sharp blow or emphatic censure:
ƽϢѹƣһȻָƻ
thought[he]  was getting a little uppity and needed to be slapped down (New York Times)
[] ýԴҪԾ (ŦԼʱ)
To put a sudden end to; suppress:
ѹƣͻȻؽѹƣ
slap down divisive criticism.
ѹɷѵ
?
slap on the wrist
A nominal or token punishment.
ϻԵĳͷ
?
Middle English slappe 
йӢ slappe 
?
slapper
n.ʣ

= =
slaughter
slaugh.ter
AHD:[sl?tr] 
D.J.[6sl%8t*]
K.K.[6sl%t+]
n.ʣ
The killing of animals for food.
ףɱΪʳ
The killing of a large number of people; a massacre:
ɱɱһˣɱ
I could not give my name to aid the slaughter in this war, fought on both sides for grossly material ends(Sylvia Pankhurst)
ҲԼȥⳡ˫Ϊıȡ޶սеĴɱ(άǡ˿˺˹)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
slaugh.tered,slaugh.ter.ing,slaugh.ters 
To kill (animals) for food; butcher.
ףΪȡʳɱ
To kill (people) in large numbers; massacre.
ɱɱˣ
To kill in a violent or brutal manner.
ɱ׺ݵġҰķʽɱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse sl3tr [butchery] 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά sl3tr [] 
?
slaughterer
n.ʣ
slaughterous
adj.ݴʣ

= =
slave
slave
AHD:[sl3v] 
D.J.[sle!v]
K.K.[slev]
n.ʣ
One bound in servitude as the property of a person or household.
ūū۾Ϊĳ˻ĳҵĲƲ
One who is abjectly subservient to a specified person or influence:
ūܿصˣĳض˻ĳضӰˣ
I was still the slave of education and prejudice(Edward Gibbon)
ܽƫӰ컹Ǻ(»)
One who works extremely hard.
๤Ŭ
A machine or component controlled by another machine or component.
Ӷװã򲿼֧Ļ򲿼
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
slave labor; a slave cylinder.
ūͶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
slaved,slav.ing,slaves 
To work very hard or doggedly; toil.
๤ǳڵػǿعˣ
To trade in or transport slaves.
ūūū׻
?
Middle English sclave 
йӢ sclave 
from Old French esclave 
Դ ŷ esclave 
from Medieval Latin scl3s 
Դ  scl3s 
from Scl3s [Slav (from the widespread enslavement of captured Slavs in the early Middle Ages)] * see  Slav 
Դ Scl3s [˹ˣԴڱū˹ˣ] *μ Slav

= =
slavery
slav.er.y
AHD:[sl3v-r?, sl3vr?] 
D.J.[6sle!v*ri8, 6sle!vri8]
K.K.[6slev*ri, 6slevri]
n.ʣ
 slav.er.ies 
The state of one bound in servitude as the property of a slaveholder or household.See Synonyms at servitude 
ūݣĳūԼΪūĲƲ״μ servitude
The practice of owning slaves.
ӵūΪ
A mode of production in which slaves constitute the principal work force.
ūƶȣһʽūͶ
The condition of being subject or addicted to a specified influence.
ūԣܵĳضӰ״
A condition of hard work and subjection:
ۣۣŬ֧״
wage slavery.
ū

= =
sleep
sleep
AHD:[sl?p] 
D.J.[sli8p]
K.K.[slip]
n.ʣ
A natural, periodic state of rest for the mind and body, in which the eyes usually close and consciousness is completely or partially lost, so that there is a decrease in bodily movement 
and responsiveness to external stimuli. During sleep the brain in human beings and other mammals undergoes a characteristic cycle of brain-wave activity that includes intervals of 
dreaming.
˯ߣʶȻġԵϢ״̬״̬У۾ͨϣʶȫ򲿷ֵɥʧ٣̼ķӦ١鶯˯
ԾһеԵ粨ѭʱļЪ
A period of this form of rest.
˯ʱΣϢһʱ
A state of inactivity resembling or suggesting sleep, unconsciousness, dormancy, hibernation, or death.
ʶ״̬״̬ƻʹ뵽˯ߡʶߡ߻
Botany The folding together of leaflets or petals at night or in the absence of light.
ֲѧ ҹպϣҹûйʱСҶƬ򻨰ıպ
v.ʣ
slept[slpt] sleep.ing,sleeps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be in the state of sleep or to fall asleep.
˯ߣ˯״̬˯״̬
To be in a condition resembling sleep.
˯״̬˯ߵ״
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass or get rid of by sleeping:
˯߶ʱ䣺ͨ˯߶ȹĥ
slept away the day; went home to sleep off the headache.
˯ӣؼ˯ʹ
To provide sleeping accommodations for:
סޣΪṩ˯õ᣺
This tent sleeps three comfortably.
˺˯
?
sleep around ʽ
To be sexually active with more than one partner.
˷ԹϵԷһϻ鷢ϵ
sleep in
To sleep at one's place of employment:
סڹңԼܹ͵ĵط˯
a butler and a chauffeur who sleep in.
סڹҵͺ˾
To oversleep:
˯ͷ
I missed the morning train because I slept in.
Ҵ𳵣Ϊ˯ͷ
To sleep late on purpose:
˯
After this week's work, I will sleep in on Saturday.
ܵĹ֮Ҫ˯һ
sleep out
To sleep at one's own home, not at one's place of employment.
ĳԼļ˯ܹ͵ĵط
To sleep away from one's home.
ڱ˼ҹҹĳԼļĵط˯
sleep over
To spend the night as a guest in another's home.
ҹͣΪڱ˵ļȹһ
sleep with
To have sexual relations with.
롭Թϵ
?
sleep on itʽ
To consider something overnight before deciding.
֮ǰҹؿĳ
?
Middle English slepe 
йӢ slepe 
from Old English sl?p * see  sl?b- 
Դ Ӣ sl?p *μ sl?b- 

= =
sleepy
sleep.y
AHD:[sl?p?] 
D.J.[6sli8pi8]
K.K.[6slipi]
adj.ݴʣ
sleep.i.er,sleep.i.est 
Ready for or needing sleep.
˯ģģ׼˯߻Ҫ˯ߵ
Sluggish from sleep.
ɢģ˯߶뵡
Inducing sleep.
ߵģ˯ߵ
Inactive; quiet:
Ծģģ
a sleepy rural town.

?
sleepily
adv.ʣ
sleepiness
n.ʣ

= =
sleeve
sleeve
AHD:[sl?v] 
D.J.[sli8v]
K.K.[sliv]
n.ʣ
A part of a garment that covers all or part of an arm.
ӣװһ֣Ǳ۲ȫ򲿷
A case into which an object or a device fits:
ӣһװϵӣ
a record sleeve.
Ƭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sleeved,sleev.ing,sleeves 
To furnish or fit with sleeves or a sleeve.
װӻ
?
up (one's) sleeve
Hidden but ready to be used:
׼ʹõģ
I still have a few tricks up my sleeve.
һмֶβض
?
Middle English sleve 
йӢ sleve 
from Old English sl?f * see  sleubh- 
Դ Ӣ sl?f *μ sleubh- 
?
sleeveless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
slender
slen.der
AHD:[slndr] 
D.J.[6slend*]
K.K.[6slWnd+]
adj.ݴʣ
slen.der.er,slen.der.est 
Having little width in proportion to height or length; long and thin:
ݳģϸģ߶Ȼ򳤶ȿȺСģϸģ
a slender rod.
һϸĹ
Thin and delicate in build; gracefully slim:
ϸģݶģзȵģ
She was slender as a willow shoot is slenderand equally graceful, equally erect(Frank Norris)
֦һһһͦΡ(ˡŵ˹)
Small in amount or extent; meager:
΢ģ΢ģΧСģƶģ
slender wages; a slender chance of survival.
΢нˮã
?
Middle English sclendre, slendre 
йӢ sclendre, slendre 
?
slenderly
adv.ʣ
slenderness
n.ʣ

= =
slice
slice
AHD:[slos] 
D.J.[sla!s]
K.K.[sla!s]
n.ʣ
A thin, broad piece cut from a larger amount.
Ƭһ鶫ıһƬ
A portion or share:
һ֣һݣ
a slice of the profits.
һ
A knife with a broad, thin, flexible blade, used for cutting and serving food.
͵۵ĵʳͽʳ
A similar implement for spreading printing ink.
īһͿĨӡˢīƵĹ
Sports 
˶ 
A stroke that causes a ball to curve off course to the right or, if the player is left-handed, to the left.
ʹƫһƫʹңƫʹ
The course followed by such a ball.
·
v.ʣ
sliced,slic.ing,slic.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut or divide into slices:
гɱƬлֳɱƬ
slice a loaf of bread.
һгɱƬ
To cut from a larger piece:
£һ鶫£
slice off a piece of salami.
һƬ
To cut through or across with or as if with a knife:
õпõõһпп
The harvester sliced the field.
ո߰Ұׯոɾ
To divide into portions or shares; parcel out.
ֳ֣ɲֻݶѡɲȻ
To spread, work at, or clear away with a bladed tool such as a slice bar.
òòͷǥеĹͿĨ
Sports To hit (a ball) with a slice.
˶ бһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move like a knife:
пһѵһ˶
The destroyer sliced through the water.
𽢻ˮ
Sports To hit a ball with a slice.
˶ бһ
?
Middle English [splinter] 
йӢ [Ƭ] 
from Old French esclice 
Դ ŷ esclice 
from esclicier [to splinter] 
Դ esclicier [ѳƬ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
sliceable
adj.ݴʣ
slicer
n.ʣ

= =
slide
slide
AHD:[slod] 
D.J.[sla!d]
K.K.[sla!d]
v.ʣ
slid[sl1d] slid.ing,slides 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous contact.
һƽƶͬʱƽġĽӴ
To coast on a slippery surface, such as ice or snow.
Уһ⻬ıϣѩ
To pass smoothly and quietly; glide:
ߣǱУƽءͨУ
slid past the door without anyone noticing.
ſڣûκ˷
To go unattended or unacted upon:
ȻչδӴδΪعȥ
Let the matter slide.
Ȼչ
To lose a secure footing or positioning; shift out of place; slip:
ʧȥȫλãƳط򻬣
slid on the ice and fell.
һˤڱ
To move downward:
䣺ƶ
Prices began to slide.
۸ʼ½
To return to a less favorable or less worthy condition.
֪룺ص̫̫мֵ״
Baseball To drop down and skid, usually feet first, into a base to avoid being put out.
 ݣػУͨǰⱻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to slide or slip.
ʹл򻬵
n.ʣ
A sliding movement or action.
Уе˶ж
A smooth surface or track for sliding, usually inclined:
棬ڻеƽ·ͨбģ
a water slide.
ˮ
A playground apparatus for children to slide on, typically consisting of a smooth chute mounted by means of a ladder.
ݣͯеһֲٳеͨһ⻬бȥ
A part that operates by sliding, as the U-shaped section of tube on a trombone that is moved to produce various tones.
UͻܣĲ֣糤U͵ĹӲ֣Բ
An image on a transparent base for projection on a screen.
õƬ͸ĵƬϵĻͶӰ
A small glass plate for mounting specimens to be examined under a microscope.
زƬһֲ壬ڷ΢¹۲
A fall of a mass of rock, earth, or snow down a slope; an avalanche or a landslide.
һƬʯѩбϵ£ѩ
Music 
֡ 
A slight portamento used in violin playing, passing quickly from one note to another.
СʹõһֻѸٵشһ䵽һ
An ornamentation consisting of two grace notes approaching the main note.
װΣһΣӽװ
?
Middle English sliden 
йӢ sliden 
from Old English slon 
Դ Ӣ slon 
?
slide,slip,glide,coast,skid,slither
These verbs mean to move smoothly and continuously over or as if over a slippery surface.
Щʵ˼ڻһܻƽƽƶ
 Slide   usually implies rapid, easy movementwithout loss of contact with the surface: 
 Slide  ͨʾѸɵ˶ƽ汣ֲϵĽӴ 
coal sliding down a chute;
úӻϻ
the drops sliding from a lifted oar  (Theodore Roethke).
ˮδ̧Ľϻ ¶ࡤؿˣ
 Slip   can refer to smooth, easy, and quiet passage: 
 Slip  ָƽɣҰͨ 
the jackals . . . slipping back to the hills  (Lord Dunsany).More often, however, the term is applied to accidental sliding resulting in loss of balance or foothold: 
ǡɽ ʿңʸʧȥƽ򻬣 
slipped on a patch of ice and sprained his ankle.
һϻһӣŤ˽ס
Glide   refers to smooth, free-flowing,seemingly effortless movement: 
Glide  ָƽġɸ˶ƺ 
four snakes gliding up and down a hollow  (Ralph Waldo Emerson). 
һɽ»С ֶࡤĬ 
A submarine glided silently through the water.
һǱˮͧˮлС
Coast   applies especially to downward movement resulting from the effects of gravity or momentum: 
Coast  ָɵ˶ 
The driver turned off the engine and let the truck coast down the incline.
˾صÿб¡
Skid   implies an uncontrolled, often sideways sliding caused by a lack of traction: 
Skid  ָȱǣɵûпƵģһĻ 
The bus skidded on wet pavement.
ڳʪ·ϴ򻬡
Slither   can mean to slip and slide, as on an uneven surface,often with friction and noise: 
Slither  ָڲƽ̹ıϵĻл򻬶ͨĦ 
The detached crystals slithered down the rock face for a moment and then made no further sound (H.G. Wells).The word can also suggest the sinuous, gliding motion of a reptile: 
ɢľʯ滬һʱҲûˡ (HG˹ʻָжѣеĶ 
An iguana slithered across the path. 
һֻ· 

= =
slight
slight
AHD:[slot] 
D.J.[sla!t]
K.K.[sla!t]
adj.ݴʣ
slight.er,slight.est 
Small in size, degree, or amount:
΢Сģߴ硢̶ȻСģ
a slight tilt; a slight surplus.
Сб£
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity; frail:
ʵģģȱιԻǿȵģģ
a slight foundation; slight evidence.
ι̵ĸɿ֤
Of small importance or consideration; trifling:
΢ģ̫ҪĻǷܵģмģ
slight matters.
΢С
Small and slender in build or construction; delicate.
ϸģСģͻṹСϸģ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
slight.ed,slight.ing,slights 
To treat as of small importance; make light of.
ӣҪһԴ
To treat with discourteous reserve or inattention.
ԲòĮ򲻼עĿԴ
To do negligently or thoughtlessly; scant.
򲻼˼
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of slighting.
ӣӵĶʵ
A deliberate discourtesy; a snub:
䣺䣺
It is easier to recount grievances and slights than it is to set down a broad redress of such grievances and slights(Elizabeth Kenny)
ϸֱԲؾЩס(ɯס)
?
Middle English [slender, smooth] 
йӢ [⻬] 
[possibly of Scandinavian origin] * see  lei- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ lei- 
?
slightness
n.ʣ

= =
slightly
slight.ly
AHD:[slotl?] 
D.J.[6sla!tli8]
K.K.[6sla!tli]
adv.ʣ
Abbr. sl.To a small degree or extent; somewhat.
д sl.΢ģ΢ģﵽСĳ̶ȻΧģ
Slenderly; delicately:
ϸأģ
slightly built.
ϸ

= =
slim
slim
AHD:[sl1m] 
D.J.[sl!m]
K.K.[sl!m]
adj.ݴʣ
slim.mer,slim.mest 
Small in girth or thickness in proportion to height or length; slender.
ģ޳ģ߶Ȼ򳤶ܳСģϸ
Small in quantity or amount; meager:
΢Сģ΢ģĿСģƶģ
slim chances of success.
Сĳɹ
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
slimmed,slim.ming,slims 
To become or make slim.
ʹϸĻʹϸ
To lose or cause to lose weight, as by dieting or exercise.
ʣʹأͨʳ
?
Dutch [bad, sly] 
 [ģƻ] 
from Middle Dutch slimp, slim [bad, crooked] 
Դ йź slimp, slim [ģթ] 
?
slimly
adv.ʣ
slimmer
n.ʣ
slimness
n.ʣ

= =
slip
slip 1
AHD:[sl1p] 
D.J.[sl!p]
K.K.[sl!p]
v.ʣ
slipped,slip.ping,slips 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move smoothly, easily, and quietly:
ƽȵءɵءƶ
slipped into bed.
˴
To move stealthily; steal.
͵͵ƶ͵
To pass gradually, easily, or imperceptibly:
֪Ĺȥ𽥵ءػױͨ
It is necessary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by(Vita Sackville-West)
ӲţбҪдһд(άΤ˹)
To slide involuntarily and lose one's balance or foothold.See Synonyms at slide 
ʧȥƽ⣬ʧ㣺Ըػʧȥƽμ slide
To slide out of place; shift position:
λãתλã
The gear slipped.
ֻ
To escape, as from a grasp, fastening, or restraint:
ѣաѣ
slipped away from his pursuers.
׷
To decline from a former or standard level; fall off.
µ䣺ǰĻˮƽ½
To fall behind a scheduled production rate.
ԭƻٶ
To fall into fault or error.
ʧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move in a smooth, easy, or sliding motion:
ʹ˳ʹƽȡɻеĶƶ
slipped the bolt into place.
Ѳλ
To place or insert smoothly and quietly.
ʹ׵ķ룺ƽȵءطû
To put on or remove (clothing) easily or quickly:
׵Ĵѣ׵ػѸٵشϻ£·
slip on a sweater; slipped off her shoes.
һëЬ
To get loose or free from; elude.
ѣӱܣӡɿڡӱ
To bring forth (young) prematurely. Used of animals.
̣ڶ
To unleash or free (a dog or hawk) to pursue game.
ſ⿪ſӥȥ׷
To release, loose, or unfasten:
ɣɿ⿪
slip a knot.
⿪һ
To dislocate (a bone).
ʹͷλ
To pass (a knitting stitch) from one needle to another without knitting it.
©룺ʱ©һ룩
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of slipping or sliding.
򻬵Ķ
An accident or a mishap, especially a falling down.
ʧ㣺¹ʻ⣬ָ׹
An error in conduct or thinking; a mistake.
ʧ󣬴ж˼ϵĴ󣻴
A slight error or oversight, as in speech or writing:
󣬱󣺣̸деģС
a slip of the tongue.

Nautical 
 
A docking place for a ship between two piers.
ͣջ֮䴬Ĳ
A slipway.

Nautical The difference between a vessel's actual speed through water and the speed at which the vessel would move if the screw were propelling against a solid.
 죺ֻˮеʵʺٶȺͼڹƶֻƶٶ֮Ĳ
A woman's undergarment of dress length, suspended from shoulder straps.
Ů£Ů£ȼһȹӣӼ粿ĴӴ
A half-slip.
ȹ
A pillowcase.

Geology 
ѧ 
A smooth crack at which rock strata have moved on each other.
ƽ϶һƽѷ죬Ҳ
A small fault.
Сϲ
The relative displacement of formerly adjacent points on opposite sides of a fault.
λƣǰڵһϲԴλ
The difference between optimal and actual output in a mechanical device.
죺е豸ʵ֮Ĳ
Movement between two parts where none should exist, as between a pulley and a belt.
ƶ֮䲻е˶绬ֺƤ֮
A sideways movement of an airplane when banked too far.
бƶɻбŷɵ̫ԶʱɵĲ˶
?
give (someone) the slipٵ
To escape the pursuit of.
ѡ׷
let slip
To say inadvertently.
ĵ˵
slip one over onʽ
To hoodwink; trick.
ɱΣƭ
?
Middle English slippen 
йӢ slippen 
[probably of Middle Low German or Middle Dutch origin] * see  lei- 
[Դڵ͵صͺ] *μ lei- 
?
slip
slip 2
AHD:[sl1p] 
D.J.[sl!p]
K.K.[sl!p]
n.ʣ
A part of a plant cut or broken off for grafting or planting; a scion or cutting.
ڼ޽ӻֲֲﲿ֣
A long, narrow piece; a strip.
խһΣһ
A slender, youthful person:
ˣ
a slip of a child.
ݸߵĺ
A small piece of paper, especially a small form, document, or receipt:
ֽһСƬָֽһСļվݣ
a deposit slip; a sales slip.
վ
A narrow pew in a church.
óʣխĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
slipped,slip.ping,slips 
To make a slip from (a plant or plant part).
ӡȡӣֲֲһϣȡһ
?
Probably from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch slippe 
 йź slippe 
?
slip
slip 3
AHD:[sl1p] 
D.J.[sl!p]
K.K.[sl!p]
n.ʣ
Thinned potter's clay used for decorating or coating ceramics.
ԣϡ˵չճװͿ
?
Middle English [slime] 
йӢ [ճ] 
from Old English slypa * see  sleubh- 
Դ Ӣ slypa *μ sleubh- 
?
SLIP
SLIP
abbr.Computer Science ѧ 
Symmetric list processor.
ԳƱ

= =
slipper
slip.per
AHD:[sl1pr] 
D.J.[6sl!p*]
K.K.[6sl!p+]
n.ʣ
A low shoe that can be slipped on and off easily and usually worn indoors.
ЬһֵͰЬ״ѣͨڴ
?
slippered
adj.ݴʣ

= =
slippery
slip.per.y
AHD:[sl1p-r?] 
D.J.[6sl!p*ri8]
K.K.[6sl!p*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
slip.per.i.er,slip.per.i.est 
Causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping:
ģ򻬻򻬵ģ
a slippery sidewalk.
򻬵е
Tending to slip, as from one's grasp:
׻ģĳ˵Уѵģ
a slippery bar of soap.
򻬵ķ
Not trustworthy; elusive or tricky:
ƻģɿģŵġ׽Ļƭģ
How extraordinarily slippery a liar the camera is(James Agee)
һôŵƭѽ(ղķ˹)
?
Alteration of obsolete slipper 
  slipperı仯 
from Middle English 
Դ йӢ 
from Old English slipor * see  lei- 
Դ Ӣ slipor *μ lei- 
?
slipperiness
n.ʣ

= =
slit
slit
AHD:[sl1t] 
D.J.[sl!t]
K.K.[sl!t]
n.ʣ
A long, straight, narrow cut or opening.
пڣֱխпڻ򿪿
v.tr.ﶯʣ
slit,slit.ting,slits 
To make a slit or slits in.
пڡŪһ򼸸ѷ
To cut lengthwise into strips; split.
гɳгɴ״ֿ
?
Middle English slitte 
йӢ slitte 
from slitten [to split] 
Դ slitten [ֿ] 
from Old English slon [to cut up] 
Դ Ӣ slon [] 
?
slitter
n.ʣ
slitty
adj.ݴʣ

= =
slogan
slo.gan
AHD:[sl?gn] 
D.J.[6sl*&g*n]
K.K.[6slog*n]
n.ʣ
A phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an organization, or a candidate; a motto.
ںţһҵ֯ѡ˵Ŀʵһ
A phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion:
УʹõĶ
all the slogans and shibboleths coined out of the ideals of the peoples for the uses of imperialism(Margaret Sanger)
еĹͳ¾ɴʾ䶼ǳڸʹõ۹ġ(ءɣ)
A battle cry of a Scottish clan.
սźոսʱź
?
Alteration of Scots slogorne [battle cry] 
 ո slogorneı仯 [սʱź] 
from Gaelic sluagh-ghairm 
Դ Ƕ sluagh-ghairm 
sluagh [host] * see  slew 1
sluagh [] *μ slew1
gairm [shout] 
gairm [] 

= =
slope
slope
AHD:[sl?p] 
D.J.[sl*&p]
K.K.[slop]
v.ʣ
sloped,slop.ing,slopes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To diverge from the vertical or horizontal; incline:
бƫ봹ֱˮƽķб
a roof that slopes.See Synonyms at slant 
бݶμ slant
To move on a slant; ascend or descend:
»бƶ½
sloped down the trail.
С·
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to slope:
ʹб
sloped the path down the bank.
ʹ·غӰб
n.ʣ
An inclined line, surface, plane, position, or direction.
бߡ桢ƽ桢λû
A stretch of ground forming a natural or artificial incline:
б£һ鹹Ȼ˹бµأ
ski slopes.
ѩб
A deviation from the horizontal.
бˮƽƫ
The amount or degree of such deviation.
бȣ¶ȣƫ̶
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The rate at which an ordinate of a point of a line on a coordinate plane changes with respect to a change in the abscissa.
бʣƽһֱһı仯仯ı
The tangent of the angle of inclination of a line, or the slope of the tangent line for a curve or surface.
бʣһֱߵбǵлһ߻һƽߵб
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for an Asian person.
 ٵ ˵
?
Probably from Middle English aslope [sloping] 
Դ йӢ aslope [б] 
?
sloper
n.ʣ
slopingly
adv.ʣ

= =
slot
slot 1
AHD:[sl?t] 
D.J.[slKt]
K.K.[sl$t]
n.ʣ
A narrow opening; a groove or slit:
ۣ죺խĿڣۻѷ죺
a slot for coins in a vending machine; a mail slot.
ԶۻϵͶҿڣͶſ
A gap between a main and an auxiliary airfoil to provide space for airflow and facilitate the smooth passage of air over the wing.
ɻģ죺븨֮ĹṩĿռͰƽȵ
An assigned place in a sequence or schedule:
ʱΣλãʱ̱һָĵط
a new time slot for a TV program.
ӽĿʱ
A position of employment in an organization or a hierarchy.
ְλһ֯ͳμܹ͵ְλ
Computer Science A socket in a microcomputer that will accept a plug-in circuit board:
ѧ ۣ΢͵ӼϵһֲڣԽһĵ·壺
expansion slots.
չ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
slot.ted,slot.ting,slots 
To cut or make a slot or slots in.
ڣڡпŪһ
To put into or assign to a slot.
ãڻ䵽һλ
?
Middle English [hollow of the breastbone] 
йӢ [عǵİ] 
from Old French esclot 
Դ ŷ esclot 
?
slot
slot 2
AHD:[sl?t] 
D.J.[slKt]
K.K.[sl$t]
n.ʣ
The track or trail of an animal, especially a deer.
㼣ټµټۼָ¹
?
Obsolete French esclot [horse's hoofprint] 
ѷϷ esclot [Ľӡ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
perhaps from Old Norse sl?h [track] 
Դ ˹ά sl?h [ټ] 

= =
slow
slow
AHD:[sl?] 
D.J.[sl*&]
K.K.[slo]
adj.ݴʣ
slow.er,slow.est д sl.
Not moving or able to move quickly; proceeding at a low speed:
ģģƶѸٵĻѸƶģǰģ
a slow train; slow walkers.
гߵúĲ
Marked by a retarded tempo:
ģĵģٶȻΪģ
a slow waltz.
廪
Taking or requiring a long time:
ģѺܳһʱĻҪܳһʱģ
the slow job of making bread.

Taking more time than is usual:
ģģѵʱͨҪģ
a slow worker; slow progress in the peace negotiations.
ɻĹˣƽ̸лĽչ
Registering a time or rate behind or below the correct one:
ʱӣģʾʱٶڻȷʱٶȵģ
a slow clock.
ߵ˵ʱ
Lacking in promptness or willingness; not precipitate:
ٵģͻģȱٹϻģִٵģ
They were slow to accept our invitation.
Ǻǿؽǵ
Characterized by a low volume of sales or transactions:
ģۻΪģ
Business was slow today.
ⲻ
Lacking liveliness or interest; boring:
ģζģȱٻȤģζģ
a slow party.
ζľۻ
Not having or exhibiting intellectual or mental quickness:
ٻģٶ۵ģлֲϵѸٵģ
a slow learner.
ٶ۵ѧϰ
Only moderately warm; low:
»ģȵģֻʶȵůģ͵ģ
a slow oven.
̫ȵĻ¯
adv.ʣ
slower,slowest 
So as to fall behind the correct time or rate:
أȷʱٶȣ
The watch runs slow.
ߵ
At a low speed:
ٵأ
Go slow!
!
v.ʣ
slowed,slow.ing,slows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make slow or slower.
ʹ
To delay; retard.
飻ͺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become slow or slower.
ӻʹٻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sl3w 
Դ Ӣ sl3w 
?
slowly
adv.ʣ
slowness
n.ʣ
?
slow,dilatory,leisurely,laggard,deliberate
These adjectives mean taking more time than is usual or necessary.
Щݴʵ˼ǻѵʱĻҪġ
 Slow   is the least specific: 
 Slow  һʣ 
slow speech;
ζݽ
slow growth;
ĳɳ
a slow bus;
úĹ
a slow heartbeat;

a slow but meticulous worker;
ɻϸµĹˣ
slow to anger.
ԸⷢƢ
Dilatory   implies lack of promptness caused by delay, procrastination, or indifference: 
Dilatory  ʾڵ顢ӻĮȱݣ 
His credit suffered because he was dilatory in paying his bills.
Ϊ˳ÿ⡣
Leisurely   suggests a relaxed lack of haste: 
Leisurely  ʾڷɶȱټȣ 
We took a leisurely trip around Europe.
Ǵݵŷޡ
Laggard  implies hanging back or falling behind: 
Laggard  ʾԥģ 
the horses' laggard pace (Rudyard Kipling).
ƥĲ ǵ¡֣
 Deliberate   suggests a lack of hurry traceableespecially to caution, need, self-restraint, or careful consideration, as of consequences: 
 Deliberate  ʾȱټ٣ָСġҪԼԺ濼ģ 
She went about her work in a systematic and deliberate manner. See also Synonyms at  delay ,stupid 
ɹʱŲæ μͬ delay,stupid
?
Slow  may sometimes be used instead of slowly  when it comes after the verb:  
Slow һ֮ʱʱҲ slowly 棺  
We drove the car slow. 
ǻؿų 
In formal writingslowly  is generally preferred. Slow  is often used in speech and informal writing, especially when brevity and forcefulness are sought: 
ʽУͨʹslowly  Slow ݽͷʽУ ҪﵽЧʱ 
Drive slow!

Slow is also the established idiomatic form with certain senses of common verbs:  
SlowһЩöһ𹹳ɱ˽ܵĳʽ  
The watch runs slow.
ߵˡ
Take it slow. 
㣡 

= =
slum
slum
AHD:[sl?m] 
D.J.[slJm]
K.K.[slJm]
n.ʣ
A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor. Often used in the plural.
ƶ˿ڳܵĳеԵڷ׼סƶΪʹø
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
slum housing; slum districts.
ƶסƶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
slummed,slum.ming,slums 
To visit impoverished areas or squalid locales, especially out of curiosity or for amusement.
ƶݷƶĵĵطָںΪѰ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
slummer
n.ʣ
slummy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sly
sly
AHD:[slo] 
D.J.[sla!]
K.K.[sla!]
adj.ݴʣ
sli.er[slor]  Ҳ sly.er sli.est[slost]  sly.est  
Adept in craft or cunning.
թģıˣı
Lacking or marked by a lack of candor.
αģȱʵĻȱ
Playfully mischievous; roguish.
ģضģ
?
on the sly
In a way intended to escape notice:
صģ͵͵ģͼӱעķ
took extra payments on the sly.
нܶǮ
?
Middle English sleigh 
йӢ sleigh 
from Old Norse sl?gr 
Դ ˹ά sl?gr 
?
slyly
adv.ʣ
slyness
n.ʣ
?
sly,cunning,tricky,crafty,wily,foxy,artful,guileful
These adjectives mean disposed to or marked by indirection or deviousness in the gaining of an end.
Щݴʶͨͨӻػֶջá
 Sly   usually implies surreptitiousness, secretiveness, and lack of candor: 
 Sly  ͨǿǹԡɸԺȱٳ⣺ 
You think he's open and blunthe's as sly as a mink (George W. Cable).
Ϊʵ̹ʡʵϣƻֻ ΡW
 Cunning   stresses cleverness and ingenuity,often at the expense of moral principles: 
 Cunning  ǿǣͨ˵±׼ 
Cunning men pass for wise (Francis Bacon).
ƻҲǻ۵ˡ ˹
 Tricky  emphasizes shiftiness, deception, and absence of scruples: 
 Tricky  ǿթƭȱϵĲ 
Under the fa?ade of morality and patriotism can be perceived the false and tricky political opportunist that he is.
ӵºͰܱһαթͶߡ
Crafty  suggests mastery of devious and underhanded methods or schemes: 
Crafty  ʾػغıֶλʽ 
Crafty plotters make the best intelligence agents.
ƻıҿԳΪõļ
Wily   suggests subterfuge or stratagem intended to entrap: 
Wily  ʾͼıĳ˵Ĺƻսԣ 
Her father was a wily old attorney.
һƻִ١
Foxy   implies cunning and craft and usually long experience in the use of trickery: 
Foxy  ʾıԺͷԼʹú˵ֶΣ 
The parvenu was much too foxy to let slip even a hint of his working-class background.
ʮֽƻ¶Լǹ˳һʵ
Artful   emphasizes adroitness in maneuvering to accomplish a purpose: 
Artful  ǿʵĳһĿʱʹõֶεĸ 
She won the case by her artful manipulation of the jury's emotions.
ͨĿɹӮӡ
Guileful   suggests an insidious,often treacherous nature: 
Guileful  ʾаģͨмթԣ 
a guileful tournament organizer who manipulates and dehumanizes athletes (Jeremiah Tax).
һ˶Աʹ˻аı֯ߡ ˹

= =
small
small
AHD:[sm?l] 
D.J.[sm%8l]
K.K.[sm%l]
adj.ݴʣ
small.er,small.est д s.,sm.
Being below the average in size or magnitude.
СģߴСƽ߶֮
Limited in importance or significance; trivial:
΢Сģ΢ģҪԻ޵ģϸ΢ĩڵģ
a small matter.
޹ؽҪС
Limited in degree or scope:
Сģģڳ̶ȻΧ޵ģ
small farm operations.
Сģũ
Lacking position, influence, or status; minor:
ҪģȱٵλӰݵģڶλģ
A crowd of small writers had vainly attempted to rival Addison(Macaulay)
һȺڶͼɭûлóɹ()
Unpretentious; modest:
΢ģﴵģǫģ
made a small living; helped the cause in my own small way.
ӣԼ΢ķʽҵ
Not fully grown; very young.
Сģûȫģر
Narrow in outlook; petty:
խСģ
a small mind.

Having been belittled; humiliated:
µģƲģģ
Their comments made me feel small.
ǵʹҾñ
Diluted; weak. Used of alcoholic beverages.
ϡ͵ģϡ͹ģġݸ־
Lacking force or volume:
΢ģȱģ
a small voice.
΢
adv.ʣ
In small pieces:
ǵأСƬʽڵģ
Cut the meat up small.

Without loudness or forcefulness; softly.
΢أûأ
In a small manner.
С
n.ʣ
Something smaller than the rest:
խݣطСĲݣ
the small of the back.

smalls 
 smalls 
Small things considered as a group.
ƷһСƷ
Chiefly British Small items of clothing.
Ӣ СƷ
?
Middle English smal 
йӢ smal 
from Old English sm?l 
Դ Ӣ sm?l 
?
smallish
adj.ݴʣ
smallness
n.ʣ
?
small,diminutive,little,miniature,minuscule,minute,petite,tiny,wee
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being notably below the average in size or magnitude: 
ЩݴʶССĳߴСһ˼ 
a small house;
һСӣ
diminutive in stature;
С
 little hands;
С֣
a miniature camera;
С
a minuscule amount of rain;
ٵĽ
minute errors;
С
a petite figure;
Сģ
tiny feet;
Сţ
a wee bit better. large 
΢һ large

= =
smart
smart
AHD:[sm?rt] 
D.J.[sm$8t]
K.K.[sm$rt]
adj.ݴʣ
smart.er,smart.est 
Characterized by sharp, quick thought; bright.See Synonyms at intelligent 
ǵģԿ١˼ΪصģĲμ intelligent
Amusingly clever; witty:
ϻ۵ģÿɰģӦģ
a smart quip; a lively, smart conversation.
ȤƤһλã̸
Impertinent; insolent:
ģòģ³ģ
That's enough of your smart talk.
Щ֮Ը
Energetic or quick in movement:
ݵģжѸٻģ
a smart pace.
ݵĲ
Canny and shrewd in dealings with others:
ģദƻмıģ
a smart business person.

Fashionable; elegant:
ʱֵģµģ
a smart suit; a smart restaurant; the smart set.See Synonyms at fashionable 
ʱֵװµĲ͹ݣõĿ˲μ fashionable
Of, relating to, or being a highly automated device, especially one that imitates human intelligence:
Զģ߶Զװõģָģ˹ܵģ֮йصģ˵ģ
smart missiles.
ȫԶ
Computer Science Having the capacity to perform operations independently of the computer. Used of a computer terminal.
ѧ ģܹġݼն
New England Southern U.S. Accomplished; talented:
Ӣ ϲ ŻģŶյģ츳ģ
He's a right smart ball player.
һ˶Ա
v.intr.ﶯʣ
smart.ed,smart.ing,smarts 
To cause a sharp, usually superficial, stinging pain:
ʹһ־ҵģƤģ˵ʹ
The slap delivered to my face smarted.
ϵһƿʼҵʹ
To be the location of such a pain:
ʹʹĵط
The incision on my leg smarts.
ҽϵ˿ھҵʹ
To feel such a pain.
еľʹ
To suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse:
еܣھϵʹ࣬ϵĴ˺ͱʹǿҵĥ
No creature smarts so little as a fool(Alexander Pope)
ɵܵĥٵġ(ɽ󡤲)
To suffer or pay a heavy penalty.
ܷܵпͷĥ
n.ʣ
Sharp mental or physical pain.See Synonyms at pain 
ʹࣺϻϵľ޴ʹμ pain
smarts Slang Intelligence; expertise:
 smarts ٵ ǻۣɣ
Like courting the prettiest girl in school, the chase requires smarts(Jackie MacMullan)
׷ѧУƯŮҪǻۺͼɣҲġ(桤)
?
smart off ʽ
To speak or act impertinently.
ûò˵ж
?
right smartӢ ϲ
A lot; a considerable amount:
ࣺܶࣻһܴ
He did right smart of the work himself.
˹һ󲿷
?
Middle English [stinging, keen, alert] 
йӢ [ʹģеģ] 
from Old English smeart [causing pain] 
Դ Ӣ smeart [ʹ] 
?
smartly
adv.ʣ
smartness
n.ʣ
?
Smart  is a word that has digressed considerably from its original meaning of stinging, sharp,as in a smart blow. The standard meaning of clever, intelligent,probably picks up 
on the original semantic element of vigor or quick movement.Smart  has taken on other senses as a regionalism. In New England and in the Southsmart  can mean accomplished, 
talented. The phraseright smart  can even be used as a noun meaning a considerable number or amount: We have read right smart of that book (Catherine C. Hopley).
smart ʵԭ ʹģҵġڴ һǿҵĴһʵ˼˺ܴת䡣 ı׼˼ģǻ۵ġҲǴԭĴء
˶ġSmart еԵ˼ ӢϷsmart Ϊвܵģ츳ġ right smart һʣ Ϊġ 
ǶǱĴ벿֡ ɪաCף

= =
smash
smash
AHD:[sm2sh] 
D.J.[sm#.]
K.K.[sm#.]
v.ʣ
smashed,smash.ing,smash.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To break (something) into pieces suddenly, noisily, and violently; shatter.See Synonyms at break 
飺ͻȻءءذĳֶٳƬʹμ break
To throw or dash (something) violently so as to shatter or crush.See Synonyms at crush 
ײ飺Ͷײĳʹμ crush
To strike with a heavy blow; batter.
ײȭײ
Sports To hit (a ball or shuttlecock) in a forceful overhand stroke.
˶ Ϳֹۣҵسë
To crush or destroy completely:
ݻ٣ȫײٻ
smashed all resistance.
ݻеĵֿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To strike or collide suddenly, noisily, and violently:
ײͻȻҵشײ
The car smashed into a tree.
ײһ
To break suddenly into pieces, as from a violent blow or collision.
飺ҵĴײͻȻƬ״
Sports To hit a ball or shuttlecock in a forceful overhand stroke.
˶ 򣬳ɱֹĻë
To be crushed or destroyed.
飬ݻ
To go bankrupt.
Ʋ
n.ʣ
The act or sound of smashing.
飨ж򷢳
The condition of having been smashed.
״״̬
Total defeat or destruction; ruin.
ȫʧܻ𣻻ٵ
Financial failure; bankruptcy.
Ʋϵʧܣ
A collision or crash.
ײ
A drink made of mint, sugar, soda water, and alcoholic liquor, usually brandy.
˹ϲϣһɱɡǡմˮͣصģԾƻƳɵ
A soft drink made of crushed fruit.
֭һְˮѹ
Sports A violent overhand stroke, as in tennis or badminton.
˶ ɱëУֹҵһ
Informal A resounding success:
ʽ ɹк䶯ЧӦĳɹ
The play was a smash on Broadway.
䶯˰ϻ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Of, relating to, or being a resounding success:
ɹģк䶯ЧӦĳɹģйصģΪк䶯ЧӦĳɹģ
a smash hit on Broadway.
ϻһĳɹ
adv.ʣ
With a sudden, violent crash.
һأͻȻһ
?
[Probably of imitative origin] 
[пԴ] 
?
smasher
n.ʣ

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smell
smell
AHD:[sml] 
D.J.[smel]
K.K.[smWl]
v.ʣ
smelled  smelt [smlt] smell.ing,smells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive the scent of (something) by means of the olfactory nerves.
ᵽŵͨ񾭾쵽ĳζ
To sense the presence of by or as if by the olfactory nerves; detect or discover:
֣ͨ񾭻ͨһĳĴڣ֣
We smelled trouble ahead. The select committee was supposed to smell out corruption in law enforcement.
Ƿǰ鷳ίԱᷢڷɵǿִи
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To use the sense of smell; perceive the scent of something.
ţʹ٣ŵĳζ
To have or emit an odor:
лɢĳζ
The breeze smelled exactly like Vouvrayflowery, with a hint of mothballs underneath(Anne Tyler)
ɢһֻȫ󷨹ѾƵζлһζ(ݡ̩)
To be suggestive; have a touch of something:
ʾţĳļ
a cave that smells of terror.
ſֲյɽ
To have or emit an unpleasant odor; stink:
лɢһ˲ζţ
This closet smells.
¹񷢳ŵζ
To appear to be dishonest; suggest evil or corruption.
Եòʵʾа򸯰
n.ʣ
The sense by which odors are perceived; the olfactory sense.
ųζĸоζĸо
That quality of something that may be perceived by the olfactory sense.
ζֵͨĳ
The act or an instance of smelling.
ţζΪ
A distinctive enveloping or characterizing quality; an aura or a trace:
ϢĳԻԵƷʣζټ
the smell of success.
ʤϢ
?
smell a ratٵ
To suspect that something is wrong.
Щ鲻
?
Middle English smellen 
йӢ smellen 
?
smell,aroma,odor,scent
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a quality that can be perceived by the olfactory sense: 
Щʶһͬ˼һܹٷʡ 
the smell of gas;
úζ
the aroma of frying onions;
еζ
hospital odors;
ҽԺζ
the scent of pine needles. 
ζ 

= =
smile
smile
AHD:[smol] 
D.J.[sma!l]
K.K.[sma!l]
n.ʣ
A facial expression characterized by an upward curving of the corners of the mouth and indicating pleasure, amusement, or derision.
΢Цһ沿飬صߣʾ˻Ц
A pleasant or favorable disposition or aspect.
Цݣ˵Ļ
v.ʣ
smiled,smil.ing,smiles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or form a smile.
΢Цл
To look with favor or approval:
ͬܵıעӣ
Fortune smiled on our efforts.
ǵŬʹǷ
To express cheerful acceptance or equanimity:
ںĽܻ̩Ȼ飺
We smiled at the bad weather and kept going.
ǲںӵǼֳ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express with a smile:
΢Ц
Grandmother smiled her consent.
ĸ΢Цʾͬ
To effect or accomplish with or as if with a smile.
΢Цɣ΢Ц΢ЦЧﵽĿ
?
From Middle English smilen [to smile] 
Դ йӢ smilen [΢Ц] 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] * see  smei- 
[˹ά] *μ smei- 
?
smiler
n.ʣ
smiley  
smily
adj.ݴʣ
smilingly
adv.ʣ
smilingness
n.ʣ
?
smile,grin,simper,smirk
These nouns denote facial expressions, as those indicating amusement, in which the mouth is curved upward slightly at the corners.
Щʶָһ΢̣ʾ沿顣
 Smile   is the most general,since it can cover a wide range of feeling, from affection to malice: 
 Smile  ķΧ㣬ΪԱʾϲ 
She met his eye with her sweet hospitable smile  (Henry James). 
Ƶ΢ЦӭĿ⡱ ղķ˹ 
Tom saw a smile of contempt pass over the young curate's features  (Henry Kingsley).Agrin  is a broad smile that exposes the teeth; often it is a spontaneous expression of mirth, 
good humor, approval, or triumph: 
ķһ˿ӵıʦӡ ˹Ggrin һϴ΢Ц¶ݣ ͨʾһȻĻ֡졢ͬʤĸ飺 
And he owned with a grin,/That his favorite sin/Is pride that apes humility (Robert Southey).Asimper  is a silly, self-conscious, often coy smile: 
Ц/ϲ/һĽ ޲ءɧSimper һɵΪ飬 ͨߴ΢Ц 
The model looked at her reflection in the mirror with an idiotic simper. Asmirk  is an affected smile that often expresses an offensive smugness:  
ģضɵ΢ЦžԼò Smirk ָһģֵͨġ΢Ц  
The old libertine looked with a knowing smirk at the beautiful young woman. 
ɫģ֪һаĿⶢƯŮ 

= =
smog
smog
AHD:[sm?g, sm?g] 
D.J.[smKg, sm%8g]
K.K.[sm$g, sm%g]
n.ʣ
Fog that has become mixed and polluted with smoke.
̳̳Ⱦ
A form of air pollution produced when sunlight causes hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from automotive emissions to combine in a photochemical reaction.
ȾһֿȾɽͨŷŵ̼͵£⻯ѧӦ
?
sm(oke) 
sm(oke)
(f)og 1
(f)og1
?
smoggy
adj.ݴʣ
smogless
adj.ݴʣ
?
Smog is so much a part of modern, industrialized lifethat it is difficult to realize that at one time neither smog nor the word for it existed.The word, of course, followed the phenomenon 
perhaps by half a century,for air pollution was noticed during the Industrial Revolution.The wordsmog  is first recorded in 1905 in a newspaper report of a meeting of the Public Health 
Congress. Dr. H.A. des Vux gave a paper entitled Fog and Smoke, in which,in the words of theDaily Graphic  of July 26,  he said it required no science to see that there was 
something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as smog.The next day theGlobe  remarked that Dr. des V
ux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog.Since Dr. des Vux's creation of this blend, much more has been learned about the composition of 
smog;unfortunately, it is still with us.
ȾѳΪִҵ˴һ֣һʱʶȾԼڵȾʡԶԺų
ֵģΪȾڹҵڼű֡Smog ʵĵһʹü¼1905ڹίԱһλűУ HA·ʿʱϽһΪ
̡ģ726ÿջ ˵ ƪУΪؽѧǾͻᷢһֻڴжûеĶǾǺ̵߽
ڶĻ ˵ HA·ʿ׶ش´ǶԹڵһסԴHA·ʿûϵķʿʼǶĽṹϸ
оҵǣ񻹴

= =
smoke
smoke
AHD:[sm?k] 
D.J.[sm*&k]
K.K.[smok]
n.ʣ
The vaporous system made up of small particles of carbonaceous matter in the air, resulting mainly from the burning of organic material, such as wood or coal.
̣ɿеĺ̼Сγɵ̬ṹҪȼľͷú̿лγ
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gaseous medium.
̳̬ýеĹ̬Һ̬С
A cloud of fine particles.
ƣС϶ɵ״
Something insubstantial, unreal, or transitory.
ûʵʵġٵĻʱ
The act of smoking a form of tobacco:
̣ĳһ̵ж
went out for a smoke.
ȥ
The duration of this act.
̵Ĺ
Informal Tobacco in a form that can be smoked, especially a cigarette:
ʽ ̣̲ƷҪָСѩѣ
money to buy smokes.
̵Ǯ
A substance used in warfare to produce a smoke screen.
սʱϵĶ
Something used to conceal or obscure.
ϣػʹ۵
Color A pale to grayish blue to bluish or dark gray.
ɫʡ ɫһֻҰǳ̺ڻɫ֮һɫ
v.ʣ
smoked,smok.ing,smokes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw in and exhale smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe:
̡̣ѩѻ̶Ȼ³
It's forbidden to smoke here.
ֹ
To engage in smoking regularly or habitually:
̣ԵأϰԵسУ
He smoked for years before stopping.
ڽǰкü
To emit smoke or a smokelike substance:
ð̣ɢ̻״
chimneys smoking in the cold air.
ð̵̴
To emit smoke excessively:
ɢ̣
The station wagon smoked even after the tune-up.
վĻʹھԺȻͣð
Slang 
ٵ 
To go or proceed at high speed.
ܣüߵٶж
To play or perform energetically:
زݣ
The band was really smoking in the second set.
ֶڵڶεı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw in and exhale the smoke of (tobacco, for example):
飺ͺ̲ݵ̣
I've never smoked a panatela.
Ҵûгϸѩ
To do so regularly or habitually:
Ⱥạ̃ԡϰԵ
I used to smoke filtered cigarettes.
ڹ
To preserve (meat or fish) by exposure to the aromatic smoke of burning hardwood, usually after pickling in salt or brine.
ѬƣͨӲľȼպķѬλˮƺ
To fumigate (a house, for example).
Ѭһ䷿ӣ
To expose (animals, especially insects) to smoke in order to immobilize or drive away.
ϣҪ棩̻ʹɥʧ
To expose (glass) to smoke in order to darken or change its color.
Ѭڣ̻ʹڻıɫ
Slang To kill; murder.
ٵ ɱıɱ
?
smoke out
To force out of a place of hiding or concealment by or as if by the use of smoke.
ѬѬѬȴӶѨصĵط
To detect and bring to public view; expose or reveal:
¶ع⣺ֲڣ¶չ
smoke out a scandal.
¶һ׮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English smoca 
Դ Ӣ smoca 
?
smokable  
smokeable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
smooth
smooth
AHD:[sm?Y] 
D.J.[smu8H]
K.K.[smuH]
adj.ݴʣ
smooth.er,smooth.est 
Having a surface free from irregularities, roughness, or projections; even.See Synonyms at level 
ƽģ⻬ģûдֲڲ֡޹򲿷ֻͻıģƽĲμ level
Having a fine texture:
Ϻõģʵغõģ
a smooth fabric.
Ϻõķ֯Ʒ
Having an even consistency:
ģӲƽȵģ
a smooth pudding.
Ĳ
Having an even or gentle motion or movement:
ƽȵģжƽȻº͵ģ
a smooth ride.
ƽȵļʻ
Having no obstructions or difficulties:
˳ģû谭ѵģ
a smooth operation.See Synonyms at easy 
˳μ easy
Serene:
ģ
a smooth temperament.
ŵ
Bland:
͵ģ
a smooth wine.
͵ľ
Ingratiatingly polite and agreeable.See Synonyms at suave 
гģòͺгʹĲμ suave
Having no grossness or coarseness in dress or manner.
º͵ģģֹûд³֮
v.ʣ
smoothed,smooth.ing,smoothes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (something) even, level, or unwrinkled.
ʹƽʹĳƽ̹ƽ
To rid of obstructions, hindrances, or difficulties.
ųųϰ谭
To soothe or tranquilize; make calm.
ƽϢͻƽʹƽ
To make less harsh or crude; refine.
ʹţʹԲʹòǿӲ򲻴Ұʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become smooth.
ƽ
n.ʣ
The act of smoothing.
Ūƽʹƽж
A smooth surface or part.
ƽ棬ƽأ⻬ı򲿷
?
Middle English smothe 
йӢ smothe 
from Old English sm?h 
Դ Ӣ sm?h 
?
smoother
n.ʣ
smoothly
adv.ʣ
smoothness
n.ʣ

= =
smuggle
smug.gle
AHD:[sm?gl] 
D.J.[6smJg*l]
K.K.[6smJg*l]
v.ʣ
smug.gled,smug.gling,smug.gles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To import or export without paying lawful customs charges or duties.
˽ɺϷ˰˰ڻ
To bring in or take out illicitly or by stealth.
͵ˣΥػ͵͵ش˳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in smuggling.
˽͵˵Ϊ
?
Probably Low German smukkeln, smuggeln 
Ϊ ͵ص smukkeln, smuggeln 
or Middle Dutch smokkelen 
 йź smokkelen 
?
smuggler
n.ʣ

= =
snack
snack
AHD:[sn2k] 
D.J.[sn#k]
K.K.[sn#k]
n.ʣ
A hurried or light meal.
ͣģִٵģķ
Food eaten between meals.
Ӳ֮ͣԵĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
snacked,snack.ing,snacks 
To eat a hurried or light meal.
ԿͣһٲִٵĻķ
?
Middle English snak 
йӢ snak 
variant of snacche [trap, bite] 
 snaccheı [壬ҧ] 
from snacchen [to snap] * see  snatch 
Դ snacchen [ž] *μ snatch
?
snacker
n.ʣ

= =
snake
snake
AHD:[sn3k] 
D.J.[sne!k]
K.K.[snek]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes or Ophidia (order Squamata), having a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most 
tropical and temperate regions.
ߣĿĿڶۡ㣬ʱжж峤ǰ⡢Բ״ڴȴ´гû
A treacherous person.Also called  snake in the grass 
ɿҲ  snake in the grass
A long, highly flexible metal wire or coil used for cleaning drains.Also called  plumber's snake 
״ϸԵĽӻȦͨˮҲ  plumber's snake
Economics A fixing of the value of currencies to each other within defined parameters, which when graphed visually shows these currencies remaining parallel in value to each other as 
a unit despite fluctuations with other currencies.
ѧ θƣָķΧڣ໥ֵĹ̶ԣͼʾÿλĻһҵı仯ƽУܴ˻֮в
v.ʣ
snaked,snak.ing,snakes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drag or pull lengthwise, especially to drag with a rope or chain.
ˮƽķϣҪָ
To pull with quick jerks.
ٴ󲽵
To move in a sinuous or gliding manner:
ǰ򻬶ķʽƶ
tried to snake the rope along the ledge.
ͼǸǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move with a sinuous motion:
ǰѵķʽƶ
The river snakes through the valley.
ɽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English snaca 
Դ Ӣ snaca 
?
Snake
Snake 1
AHD:[sn3k] 
D.J.[sne!k]
K.K.[snek]
n.ʣ
 Snake  Snakes  
See  Shoshone 
μ  Shoshone 
?
Snake
Snake 2
AHD:[sn3k] 
D.J.[sne!k]
K.K.[snek]
n.ʣ
See  Hydra 
μ  Hydra 

= =
snap
snap
AHD:[sn2p] 
D.J.[sn#p]
K.K.[sn#p]
v.ʣ
snapped,snap.ping,snaps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a brisk, sharp cracking sound:
ž죺࣬ͬѵ
Logs snapped in the grate(James Fox)
ڱ¯žľͷ(ղķ˹˹)
To break suddenly with a brisk, sharp, cracking sound.
۶ϣͻȻ۶ϣࡢͬѵ
To give way abruptly under pressure or tension:
ѹͻȻ
With so many people crowding onto the platform, its supports snapped.
ô˷ӵƽ̨ͻȻ
To suffer a physical or mental breakdown, especially while under stress:
ѹ³ϻϵĥ
feared that the troops would snap from constant fatigue.
¾ӻΪڵƣͶ
To bring the jaws briskly together, often with a clicking sound; bite.
ҧؽһͨײҧס
To snatch or grasp suddenly and with eagerness:
ץͻȻץססҴм飺
snap at a chance to go to China.
ץסȥй
To speak abruptly or sharply:
ǳ⣺ͻȻ˵
snapped at the child.
ǳС
To move swiftly and smartly:
ƶ
snap to attention.See Synonyms at jerk 1
ٵؽעĽμ jerk1
To flash or appear to flash light; sparkle:
ҫ˸ƺ˸Źâ⣺
eyes that snapped with anger.
˸ŷŭ֮۾
To open, close, or fit together with a click:
һ򿪣ϻһ
The lock snapped shut. The jacket snaps in front.
һˡп͵һǰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To snatch at with or as if with the teeth; bite.
ҧƺҧסҧ
To pull apart or break with a snapping sound.
۶ϣžһֳ۶
To utter abruptly or sharply:
ǳ⣺ͻȻ˵
The sergeant snapped out a command.
ʿ
To cause to emit a snapping sound:
ʹĳ﷢ž֮
snap a whip.
Ƥ޷ž֮
To close or latch with a snapping sound:
һϻϣ
snapped the purse shut.
һǮ
To cause to move abruptly and smartly:
ʹ˶
His head was snapped back by a sudden scream from the bed(James Michener)
ͻȻһУͷ(ղķ˹)
To take (a photograph).
ãģһƬ
To photograph:
ࣺ
snapped the governor as she was getting into her car.
ݳʱΪһƬ
Football To center (a football); hike.
 з棻ٴ
n.ʣ
A sudden, sharp cracking sound or the action producing such a sound.
ž򷢳žһͻȻ򷢳Ķ
A sudden breaking.
ͻȻ
A clasp, catch, or other fastening device that operates with a snapping sound.
ۣžһװ
A sudden attempt to bite, snatch, or grasp.
˻ҧץססͻȻͼ
The sound produced by rapid movement of a finger from the thumb tip to the base of the thumb.
ָһָӴĴָ˼ػĴָײ
The act of producing this sound.
ָĶ
The sudden release of something held under pressure or tension.
ͻȻͷţѹ֮µĶͻȻͷų
A thin, crisp, usually circular cookie:
һֱ࣬ͨԲεС
a ginger snap.
С
Capacity to make a snapping sound; elasticity:
ԣܷžʣԣ
This waistband has lost its snap.
ʧȥ
Informal Briskness, liveliness, or energy.
ʽ ɻԣ
A brief spell of brisk, cold weather.
ڵĸ
Something accomplished without effort.See Synonyms at breeze 1
׾֮£ɵμ breeze1
A snapshot.
쾵ͷ
The taking of a snapshot.

A snap bean.
ļ
Football The passing of a football from the center to a back that initiates each play.Also called  hike 
 ÿзĴҲ  hike
adj.ݴʣ
Made or done suddenly, with little or no preparation:
ͻȻģͻȻûɵģٻû׼ģ
a snap decision.
ִٵľ
Fastening with a snap:
װۻģ
snap pockets.
װ۵Ŀڴ
Informal Simple; easy:
ʽ 򵥵ģ׵ģ
a snap assignment.
ɵĹ
adv.ʣ
With a snap.
ž
?
snap back
To recover quickly.
Ѹٿ
snap up
To acquire quickly:
Ѹٵõ
snapped up the introductory offer.
ѸٵõĹӦ
?
snap out of itʽ
To move quickly back to one's normal condition from an undesirable condition, such as depression, grief, or self-pity.
ָѸٴʧʹȲ״ָ̬ƽʱ״
?
Probably from Middle English snappe [a quick bite] 
Դ йӢ snappe [ҧ] 
probably from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch snappen [to seize, snap] 
 йź snappen [ץסȡ] 

= =
snatch
snatch
AHD:[sn2ch] 
D.J.[sn#t.]
K.K.[sn#t.]
v.ʣ
snatched,snatch.ing,snatch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To grasp or seize hastily, eagerly, or suddenly.
᣺ѸٵءеػͻȻס
Sports To raise (a weight) in one quick, uninterrupted motion from the floor to a position over the lifter's head.
˶ أһĶӵذһӾٹߵͷ
To grasp or seize illicitly.
ǹ٣Ƿջ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make grasping or seizing motions:
סĶ
snatched at the lamp cord.
ס
n.ʣ
The act of snatching; a quick grasp or grab.
ᣬٵжٵסץס
A brief period of time:
һ˲䣺̵ܶһʱ䣺
At the end we preferred to travel all night,/Sleeping in snatches(T.S. Eliot)
ҹ·ֻ˯һС(T.S.)
A small amount; a bit or fragment:
һ㣺СһһСݣ
a snatch of dialogue.
Ի
Slang A kidnapping.
ٵ 
Sports A lift in weightlifting in which the weight is raised in one uninterrupted motion from the floor to a position over the lifter's head.
˶ ץ٣һĶһӽӵذٹͷľʽ
?
Middle English snacchen 
йӢ snacchen 
?
snatcher
n.ʣ

= =
snow
snow
AHD:[sn?] 
D.J.[sn*&]
K.K.[sno]
n.ʣ
Frozen precipitation in the form of white or translucent hexagonal ice crystals that fall in soft, white flakes.
ѩѩһ̵ĽˮɫƬ״£ʽΪɫ͸״Ǳ
A falling of snow; a snowstorm.
ѩѩѩ籩
Something resembling snow, as:
ѩѩƵĶ磺
The white specks on a television screen resulting from weak reception.
ѩ㣺ڽ΢ӻĻϵİɫߵ
Slang Cocaine.
ٵ ¿
Slang Heroin.
ٵ 
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨʣ
the snow season; snow removal.
ѩѩ
v.ʣ
snowed,snow.ing,snows 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fall as or in snow.
ѩѩѩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cover, shut off, or close off with snow:
ѩǣѩסס
We were snowed in.
Ǳѩ
Slang To overwhelm with insincere talk, especially with flattery.
ٵ ƭòʵĻرֺõԵ
?
snow under
To overwhelm:

I was snowed under with work.
ұۿ
To defeat by a very large margin.
ѹԼƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sn3w 
Դ Ӣ sn3w 
?
Snow
Snow
AHD:[sn?] C(harles) P(ercy) (Baron Snow of Leicester) (1905-1980) 
D.J.[sn*&]
K.K.[sno]
NONE޴ԣ
British writer and scientist who is known especially for his 11-volume seriesStrangers and Brothers  (1940-1970). 
˹ŵ飨꣨(1905-1980) ӢҺͿѧңʮһϵгƪİ˺ֵǡ 1940-1970꣩ 

= =
snowstorm
snow.storm
AHD:[sn?st?rm] 
D.J.[6sn*&7st%8m]
K.K.[6sno7st%rm]
n.ʣ
A storm marked by heavy snowfall.
ѩдѩķ籩

= =
snowy
snow.y
AHD:[sn??] 
D.J.[6sn*&i8]
K.K.[6snoi]
adj.ݴʣ
snow.i.er,snow.i.est 
Abounding in or covered with snow:
ѩģѩĻѩǵģ
a snowy day.
ѩ
Subject to snow:
ѩģѩģ
a snowy climate.
ѩ
Resembling or suggesting snow, especially in whiteness:
ѩģѩƻָѩģرڰɫ棺
snowy linens.
ѩ׵鲼
?
snowily
adv.ʣ
snowiness
n.ʣ

= =
so
so 1
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s*&]
K.K.[so]
adv.ʣ
In the condition or manner expressed or indicated; thus:
ԱĻʾʽ
Hold the brush so.
ɨ
To the amount or degree expressed or understood; to such an extent:
ˣﵽĻĳ̶Ȼ˳̶ȣ
She was so weary that she fell.
˵ƣڵ
To a great extent; to such an evident degree:
˵ģܴĳ̶ȣԵĳ̶ȣ
But the idea is so obvious.
˵
Because of the reason given; consequently:
ˣڸԭˣ
She was weary and so fell.
۵õ
Afterward; then:
ԺȻ
to the gas station and so home.
ȥվȻؼ
In the same way; likewise:
ͬͬķʽһأ
You were on time and so was I.
׼ʱҲһ
Apparently; well, then. Used in expressing astonishment, disapproval, or sarcasm:
ƺôԵأôʾȡͬ߳
So you think you've got troubles?
ôе鷳?
In truth; indeed:
棻ȷʵ
You aren't right. I am so!
ǲԵġǶԵ!
adj.ݴʣ
True; factual:
ģʵ˵ģ
I wouldn't have told you this if it weren't so.
ʵ˵ĻҾͲ
In good order:
ģ
Everything on his desk must be exactly so.
ϵж
conj.Usage Problem Ӵʣ÷ѡ 
With the result or consequence that:
ˣ
He failed to appear, so we went on without him.
ûг֣ǲ
In order that:
Ϊˣ
I stayed so I could see you.
Աܼ
pron.ʣ
Such as has already been suggested or specified; the same:
ָȷģͬģ
She became a loyal friend and remained so.
һҳϵѣһֱ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise or comprehension:
ﾪȻ᣺
So! You've finished your work at last.
ŶĹ
?
and so on 
and so forth
And similarly; and continuing in a like manner.
ȵȣͬأͬķʽ
so as to
In order to:
Ա㣺
Mail your package early so as to ensure its timely arrival.
ĳİԱ㱣֤ܼʱĵ
so that
In order that:
Ա㣺
I stopped so that you could catch up.
ͣԱܸ
With the result or consequence that.
ˣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sw3} * see  swo- 
Դ Ӣ sw3} *μ swo- 
?
Many critics and grammarians have insistedthatso  must be followed by that  in formal writing when used to introduce a clause giving the reason for or purpose of an action:  
ܶҺ﷨ѧҶΪʽдУһʾԭĿĵĴӾʱso ĺ that   
He stayed so that he could see the second feature. 
ԱܿڶƬӡ 
But this rule is best regarded as a stylistic preference;in such clausesthat  is frequently omitted even by reputable writers in formal contexts, as inThey will have to double up so  (or so 
that ) room can be found for the new arrivals.   Bothso  and so that  are acceptably used to introduce clauses that state a result or consequence:  
ñΪǸʽϵƫáľУʹǺҲʽоʡthat  ھǽò˯һŴԱ  so that ) 
ҵס  So  so that ԱһĴӾ䣺  
The Bay Bridge was still closed, so (or so that ) the drive from San Francisco to the Berkeley campus took an hour and a half.   
Ȼرţˣ so that ) ӾɽɽУ԰һСʱ  
So  is frequently used in informal speech to string together the elements of a narrative. This practice should not be carried over into formal writing,where the absence of contextual 
information generally requires that connections be made more explicit. Critics have sometimes objected to the use ofso  as an intensive meaning to a great degree or extent, as 
inWe were so relieved to learn that the deadline had been extended.  This usage is most common in informal contexts,perhaps because unlike the neutralvery,  it presumes that the 
listener or reader will be sympathetic with the speaker's evaluation of the situation. (Thus one would be more apt to sayIt was so unfair of them not to invite you  than to sayIt was so 
fortunate that I didn't have to put up with your company. ) For just this reason,the construction may occasionally be used to good effect in more formal contexts to invite the reader to 
take the point of view of the speaker or subject: 
ڷʽĽУso ĳɷ֡ ܴʽдУϢȱͨҪȷЩʱso ʾǿ˼
̶ܴȡԣ ǵ֪ѱƳٵϢʱе˼ķ С ÷ڷʽãҲΪԵvery ͬ ٶڻ
Խ߶Ƶͨ˵ûǶôƽ  ˵˰ҲٳΪ ) Ϊԭṹʱʽ
Ҳкܺõãʹ߽˵˻Ĺ۵㣺 
The request seemed to her to be quite reasonable;
Ҫ˵ȽϺ
it was so unfair of the manager to refuse. 
ܾ̫ƽˡ 
But in the absence of stylistic motive,this use ofso  should be reserved for familiar discourse.  New England speakers often use a negative form such asso didn't  where other 
varieties would use the positiveso did,  as inSophie ate all her strawberries and so didn't Amelia.  Since this usage may confuse a speaker who has not previously encountered it,it is 
best avoided in writing.See Usage Note at as 1
ûжһĵĶʱͬĽУso Ӧá Ӣ˳ʹso didn't һʽ ÿ϶ʽso did  ƳеĲ
ݮû У ÷ʹǰûнӴ÷˻ûǱʹòμ as1
?
so
so 2
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s*&]
K.K.[so]
n.Music ʣ֡ 
Variant of sol 1
 solı1
?
so
.so
abbr.
 Somalia [in Internet addresses] 
Somalia[in Internet addresses] 

= =
so-called
so-called
AHD:[s?k?ld] 
D.J.[6s*&6k%8ld]
K.K.[6so6k%ld]
adj.ݴʣ
Commonly called:
ͨģ
new buildings . . . in so-called modern style(Graham Greene)
ִͨġ½(׶ķ)
Incorrectly or falsely termed:
νģ׼ȷػسģ
a so-called manager, unable to inspire a team effort.
ܹԱŬνľ
?
Quotation marks are not used to set off descriptions that follow expressions such asso-called  and self-styled,  which themselves relieve the writer of responsibility for the attribution: 
so-called  self-styled ȶû ǱѾ˵õģβߣ 
his so-called foolproof method (not foolproof method ). 
νĲвİ취 foolproof method ) 

= =
speak
speak
AHD:[sp?k] 
D.J.[spi8k]
K.K.[spik]
v.ʣ
spoke[sp?k] spo.ken[sp?kn] speak.ing,speaks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To utter words or articulate sounds with ordinary speech modulation; talk.
˵ͨ˵򷢳
To convey thoughts, opinions, or emotions orally.
̸ͷ˼롢
To express oneself.
ұ
To be on speaking terms:
̸
They are no longer speaking.
ǲٽ̸
To deliver an address or a lecture:
˵˵򽲻
The president of NOW was to speak at the rally.
ȫŮ֯ϯҪȺڼϽ˵
To make a statement in writing:

The biography speaks of great loneliness.
ǱһּȵĹ¼
To act as spokesperson:
ԣΪ˷ԣ
spoke for the entire staff.
ȫͬʷ
To convey a message by nonverbal means:
Ϣ÷ʽ
Actions speak louder than words.
жʤڿ̸
To be expressive:

spoke with her eyes.
۾˵
To be appealing:

His poetry speaks to one's heart.
ʫ趯
To make a reservation or request. Often used withfor : 
Ԥ󡣳for ã 
Is this dance spoken for? I spoke for the last slice of pizza.
ҿ?Ҫһ
To produce a characteristic sound:
ص
The drums spoke.

To give off a sound on firing. Used of guns or cannon.
ʱǹ
To make communicative sounds.
źŵ
To give an indication or a suggestion:
ָʾ飺谵ʾʾ
His manners spoke of good upbringing.
̸ʾõĽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To articulate in a speaking voice:
˵˵
spoke words of wisdom.
˵ǻ֮
To converse in or be able to converse in (a language):
˵ĳԣ٣ĳԣ̸ܹãĳԣ̸
speaks German.

To express aloud; tell:
ߣ
speak the truth.
˵
To express in writing.

Nautical To hail and communicate with (another vessel) at sea.
 롭磺ں루һֻ
To convey by nonverbal means:
÷ķʽб
His eyes spoke volumes.
۾
?
speak out
To talk freely and fearlessly, as about a public issue.
˵¸Һɵ˵ڹ
speak up
To speak loud enough to be audible.
˵Ա˵
To speak without fear or hesitation.
¸ҵ˵󵨵˵ԥ˵
?
so to speak
In a manner of speaking:
ˡֱԣ
can't see the forest for the trees, so to speak.
ˡֱԣһҶĿɭ
speak down to
To speak condescendingly to:
ԾӸµĿǶĳ˵
She never spoke down to her audience.
Ӹµض˵
to speak of
Worthy of mention:
ֵһ᣺
There's nothing new to speak of.
ûʲôֵһ
?
Middle English speken 
йӢ speken 
from Old English sprecan, specan 
Դ Ӣ sprecan, specan 
?
speakable
adj.ݴʣ
?
speak,talk,converse,discourse
These verbs mean to express one's thoughts by uttering words.
ЩʶаԼ뷨˵˼
 Speak   andtalk,  often interchangeable, are the most general:  
 Speak  talk Իõģ  
He ate his meal without once speaking to his dinner companion.
;Ͳͬһ仰û˵ͳ˷
Why don't you speak for yourself, John?  (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow). 
 ΪʲôԼ˵أԼ?  Ȼ˹ʷޣ 
On an occasion of this kind it becomes more than a moral duty to speak one's mind.It becomes a pleasure  (Oscar Wilde). 
 ĳ£˵ԼﻰǵϵΣҲһȤ  ˹£ 
I want to talk with you about vacation plans.
̸̸ڼƻ
We must know . . . what we are talking about  (Henry James). 
 Ǳ̸֪ʲô  ղķ˹ 
Let's talk sense to the American people  (Adlai E. Stevenson).
 Ƕ񽲽  Eʷ
 Converse   stresses interchange of thoughts and ideas: 
 Converse  ǿ˼Ľ 
With thee conversing I forget all time  (John Milton).
 һ̸Ҿʱ䡱 Լֶ٣
 Discourse   usually refers to formal, extended speech: 
 Discourse  ָʽһʱĽ 
striding through the city, stick in hand, discoursing spontaneously on the writings of Hazlitt  (Manchester Guardian Weekly).
󲽴УŹȣԹصƷŸ̸ۡ ˹ܿ

= =
soak
soak
AHD:[s?k] 
D.J.[s*&k]
K.K.[sok]
v.ʣ
soaked,soak.ing,soaks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid.
ʹ͸Һʹʪ͸͸
To immerse in liquid for a period of time.
ˮйһʱ
To absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through pores or interstices.
ͨС׻߿϶գҺ壩
To remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion:
ݶʹۼ䣺
soaked out the grease spots.
սϴ
Informal To take in or accept mentally, especially eagerly and easily:
ʽ գϵջܣǼеػ׵أ
soaked up the gossip.
л
Informal 
ʽ 
To drink (alcoholic liquor), especially to excess.
ȣƾϣָ
To make (a person) drunk.
ʹĳˣ
Slang To overcharge (a person).
ٵ ĳˣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be immersed until thoroughly saturated.
ݣֱȫ͸
To penetrate or permeate; seep:
͸͸
The speaker paused to let her words soak in.
ͣһ£ԱĻ
Slang To drink to excess.
ٵ ƣ
n.ʣ
The act or process of soaking.
ʪʪĶ
The condition of being soaked.
ʪԣʪ״̬
Liquid in which something may be soaked.
ҺݵҺ
Slang A drunkard.
ٵ 
?
Middle English soken 
йӢ soken 
from Old English socian * see  seu- 2
Դ Ӣ socian *μ seu- 2
?
soaker
n.ʣ

= =
soap
soap
AHD:[s?p] 
D.J.[s*&p]
K.K.[sop]
n.ʣ
A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats.
ϴõĶƳ״״Ƭ״Һ״ʽøֺ֬κȻ֬ĻƳ
A metallic salt of a fatty acid, as of aluminum or iron.
֬Σ֬ĽΣ
Slang Money, especially that which is used for bribery.
ٵ ǮָлߵǮ
Slang A soap opera.
ٵ 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
soaped,soap.ing,soaps 
To treat or cover with or as if with soap.
÷ϴ
Informal To soft-soap; cajole.
ʽ Уԡƨغƭ
Slang To bribe.
ٵ л
?
no soapٵ
Not possible or permissible.
ܻ
Unsuccessful; futile.
ɹģͽ͵
?
Middle English sope 
йӢ sope 
from Old English s3e 
Դ Ӣ s3e 

= =
soar
soar
AHD:[s?r, s?r] 
D.J.[s%8, s*&r]
K.K.[s%r, sor]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
soared,soar.ing,soars 
To rise, fly, or glide high and with little apparent effort.
߷ɣŬߡɸ߻򻬸
To climb swiftly or powerfully.
裺ٻǿ
To glide in an aircraft while maintaining altitude.
裺ڱһ߶ȵڷɻϻ
To ascend suddenly above the normal or usual level:
ǣͻȻƽˮƽ
Our spirits soared.See Synonyms at rise 
ǵľǲμ rise
n.ʣ
The act of soaring.
裺Ķ
The altitude or scope attained in soaring.
ʱõĸ߶ȻҰ
?
Middle English soren 
йӢ soren 
from Old French essorer 
Դ ŷ essorer 
from Vulgar Latin *exaur3e 
Դ  *exaur3e 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ǰ׺ԣ ] 
Latin aura [air]  from Greek [breeze] * see  aura 
 aura []  Դ ϣ [] *μ aura
?
soarer
n.ʣ
soaringly
adv.ʣ

= =
sob
sob
AHD:[s?b] 
D.J.[sKb]
K.K.[s$b]
v.ʣ
sobbed,sob.bing,sobs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To weep aloud with convulsive gasping; cry uncontrollably.See Synonyms at cry 
ʣ鴤ŴشޣܿƵؿ޲μ cry
To make a sound resembling that of loud weeping.
ڿ޵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter with sobs.
˵
To put or bring (oneself) into a specified condition by sobbing:
޵ʹ޵ʹԼĳ״̬
sob oneself to sleep.
ֱ޵˯ȥ
n.ʣ
The act or sound of sobbing.
ʣʵĶ
?
Middle English sobben 
йӢ sobben 
[perhaps of Low German origin] 
[Դڵ͵ص] 
?
sobbingly
adv.ʣ
?
SOB
SOB
abbr.Vulgar  
 Son of a bitch. 
Son of a bitch.

= =
sober
so.ber
AHD:[s?br] 
D.J.[6s*&b*]
K.K.[6sob+]
adj.ݴʣ
so.ber.er,so.ber.est 
Habitually abstemious in the use of alcoholic liquors or drugs; temperate.
нƵģʹõľƾҩƷϰԵнƵģʶȵ
Not intoxicated or affected by the use of drugs.
ѵģδĻûܵʹҩӰ
Plain or subdued:
صĻ͵ģ
sober attire.
ص
Devoid of frivolity, excess, exaggeration, or speculative imagination; straightforward:
ԹʵģûḡȡŻģֱʵģ
gave a sober assessment of the situation.
˷ʵʵ
Marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or character.See Synonyms at serious 
ģΪԸࡢׯػׯϵĲμ serious
Marked by circumspection and self-restraint.
ĺƵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
so.bered,so.ber.ing,so.bers 
To make or become sober.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French sobre 
Դ ŷ sobre 
from Latin s?s * see  s(w)e- 
Դ  s?s *μ s(w)e- 
?
soberly
adv.ʣ
soberness
n.ʣ

= =
soccer
soc.cer
AHD:[s?kr] 
D.J.[6sKk*]
K.K.[6s$k+]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A game played on a rectangular field with net goals at either end in which two teams of 11 players each maneuver a round ball mainly by kicking or butting or by using any part of the 
body except the arms and hands in attempts to score points.
Ӣʽһдŵķγϵһֱÿʮһˣ˸첲֮⣬κ岿λͷ÷
?
Alteration of assoc. 
 assoc. ı仯 
abbreviation of association football 
 association footballд 

= =
social
so.cial
AHD:[s?shl] 
D.J.[6s*&.*l]
K.K.[6so.*l]
adj.Abbr. soc.ݴʣд soc.
Living together in communities.
ϵģסһ
Of or relating to communal living.
ģĻйص
Of or relating to society.
ģĻйص
Living together in organized groups or similar close aggregates:
Ⱥӵģ֯ȺƵĽܼеģ
Ants are social insects.
Ⱥӵ
Involving allies or members of a confederacy.
ģͬ߻Աйص
Of or relating to the upper classes.
ģڻϲ
Inclined to seek out or enjoy the company of others; sociable.
ýʵģԸѰҺϲģȺ
Spent in or marked by friendly relations or companionship.
罻ģѺõĹϵ֮жȹĻ
Intended for convivial activities.
ģֻ
Of, relating to, or occupied with matters affecting human welfare:
ḣģڡڻӰร
social problems; a social policy.
ḣ⣻ḣ
n.ʣ
An informal social gathering, as of the members of a church congregation.
罻ۻ᣺һַʽ罻ᣬ̻Աۻ
?
Middle English sociale [domestic] 
йӢ sociale [ͥ] 
from Old French social 
Դ ŷ social 
from Latin soci3s [of companionship] 
Դ  soci3s [ͬ] 
from socius [companion] * see  sek w- 1
Դ socius [ͬ] *μ sek w- 1
?
social,companionable,convivial,gregarious,sociable
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is inclined to, marked by, or passed in friendly companionship with others: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡڡ־šѺõİжȹġ 
had a social cup of coffee;
һԵĿȣ
a companionable pet;
Ƶĳ
a woman of convivial nature;
ϲ罻Ůˣ
a gregarious person who avoids solitude;
ܹ¶ĺȺˣ
a sociable conversation. antisocial 
罻̸ antisocial

= =
socialism
so.cial.ism
AHD:[s?sh-l1zm] 
D.J.[6s*&.*7l!z*m]
K.K.[6so.*7l!z*m]
n.ʣ
A social system in which the means of producing and distributing goods are owned collectively and political power is exercised by the whole community.
壺ϺͲƷ鹫УȨʵʩһƶ
The theory or practice of those who support such a social system.
ۣ֧ƶȵۺʵ
The building of the material base for communism under the dictatorship of the proletariat in Marxist-Leninist theory.
ʻĽ˼޲׼ר¹ʻĽ

= =
socialist
so.cial.ist
AHD:[s?sh-l1st] 
D.J.[6s*&.*l!st]
K.K.[6so.*l!st]
n.Abbr. soc.ʣд soc.
An advocate of socialism.
ߣ֧
Often Socialist A member of a political party or group that advocates socialism.
  Socialist ᵳˣĳԱ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, promoting, or practicing socialism.
ģᳫʵʩ
Socialist Of, belonging to, or constituting a socialist party or political group.
 Socialist ᵳģڡ

= =
society
so.ci.e.ty
AHD:[s-so1-t?] 
D.J.[s*6sa!!ti8]
K.K.[s*6sa!!ti]
n.ʣ
 so.ci.e.ties д soc.,s.,S.
The totality of social relationships among human beings.
᣺ϵܺ
A group of human beings broadly distinguished from other groups by mutual interests, participation in characteristic relationships, shared institutions, and a common culture.
壺ڹͬ桢ɫϵĲ롢еķϰߺ͹ͬĻй㷺
The institutions and culture of a distinct self-perpetuating group.
׺ĻġϰߺĻ
An organization or association of persons engaged in a common profession, activity, or interest:
Э᣺¹ͬҵȤ֯Э᣺
a folklore society; a society of bird watchers.
ѧЭ᣻۲Э
The rich, privileged, and fashionable social class.
᣺еġȨḻײ
The socially dominant members of a community.
ϲԱϴ֧λĳԱ
Companionship; company:
棻飺
enjoys the society of friends and family members.
ѺͼͥԱ
Biology A colony or community of organisms, usually of the same species:
ѧ СȺ䣺Ⱥ壬ͨͬһࣺ
an insect society.
һȺ
?
French socit 
 socit 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin societ3s [fellowship] 
Դ  societ3s [] 
from socius [companion] * see  sek w- 1
Դ socius [־ȤͶ] *μ sek w- 1

= =
sociology
so.ci.ol.o.gy
AHD:[s?s?-?l-j?, -sh?-] 
D.J.[7s*&si86Kl*d9i8, -.i8-]
K.K.[7sosi6$l*d9i, -.i-]
n.ʣ
The study of human social behavior, especially the study of the origins, organization, institutions, and development of human society.
ѧоΪоԴ֯ϰߺͷչѧ
Analysis of a social institution or societal segment as a self-contained entity or in relation to society as a whole.
ϵѧΪᲿֻ֮Ĺϵķ
?
French sociologie 
 sociologie 
socio- [socio-] 
socio- [ǰ׺socio-ᡱ] 
-logie [study]  from Greek -logia * see  -logy 
-logie [о]  Դ ϣ -logia *μ -logy
?
sociologic
AHD:[--l?j1k]   soci.o.logi.cal [-1-kl] ݴʣ
sociologically
adv.ʣ
sociologist
n.ʣ

= =
sock
sock 1
AHD:[s?k] 
D.J.[sKk]
K.K.[s$k]
n.ʣ
pl. socks or sox [s?ks]  A short stocking reaching a point between the ankle and the knee.
 socks  sox [s?ks]  ࣺȵϥͽ֮
Meteorology A windsock.
ѧ 
A light shoe worn by comic actors in ancient Greek and Roman plays.
ЬϣϷϲԱЬ
Comic drama; comedy:
ϲ磺Ϸ磻ϲ磺
He . . . knew all niceties of the sock and buskin(Byron)
֪ϲͱ֮()
v.tr.ﶯʣ
socked,sock.ing,socks 
To provide with socks.
ṩ
?
sock away ʽ
To put (money) away in a safe place for future use.
ǮΪʹöѣǮڰȫĵط
sock in
To close to air traffic:
رջ
fog that socked in the airport.
ʹرյĴ
?
Middle English socke 
йӢ socke 
from Old English socc [a kind of light shoe] 
Դ Ӣ socc [һЬ] 
from Latin soccus 
Դ  soccus 
possibly from Greek sunkhis, sukkhos [Phyrgian shoe] 
Դ ϣ sunkhis, sukkhos [Ь] 
?
sock
sock 2
AHD:[s?k] 
D.J.[sKk]
K.K.[s$k]
v.ʣ
socked,sock.ing,socks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To hit or strike forcefully; punch.
ͻͻãȭͻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a blow.

n.ʣ
A hard blow or punch.
ͻ
?
sock it to (someone)ٵ
To deliver a forceful comment, reprimand, or physical blow to someone else.
߾ȫԸĳˣǿۡѵϵĴ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
soda
so.da
AHD:[s?d] 
D.J.[6s*&d*]
K.K.[6sod*]
n.ʣ
Any of various forms of sodium carbonate.
մһ̼Ƶʽ
Chemically combined sodium.
еģƣƻϵ
Carbonated water.
̼ˮ
Northeastern U.S. See  soft drink See Regional Note at tonic 
 μ  soft drinkμ tonic
A refreshment made from carbonated water, ice cream, and usually a flavoring.
մģһ̼ˮܺ͵Ƴɵʸ
Games The card turned face up at the beginning of faro.
Ϸ Ϸʼʱĵһ
?
Middle English sode, soda [saltwort, soda] 
йӢ sode, soda [ëֲմ] 
from Old Italian soda 
Դ  soda 
perhaps from Arabic suww3d [saltwort] 
Դ  suww3d [ëֲ] 

= =
soft
soft
AHD:[s?ft, s?ft] 
D.J.[s%8ft, sKft]
K.K.[s%ft, s$ft]
adj.ݴʣ
soft.er,soft.est 
Easily molded, cut, or worked.
ģ졢иӹ
Yielding readily to pressure or weight.
ģѹ
Out of condition; flabby.
ɳڵģ治õģʵ
Smooth or fine to the touch:
Ửģ
a soft fabric.
Ử֯
Not loud, harsh, or irritating:
öģġ̶򲻴̼ģ
a soft voice.
ö
Not brilliant or glaring; subdued:
͵ģҫ۵ģģ
soft colors.
͵ɫ
Not sharply drawn or delineated:
͵ģû߹òģ
soft charcoal shading; a scene filmed in soft focus.
͵ľ̿ɢ㳡
Mild; balmy:
º͵ģ˵ģ
a soft breeze.
͵΢
Of a gentle disposition; tender.
ģģ
Affectionate:
ģģ
a soft glance.
һƳ
Attracted or emotionally involved:
ԵģסĻйصģ
He has been soft on her for years.
Ϊ˺ü
Not stern; lenient.
Ͱģģº͵
Lacking strength of character; weak.
ǿģȱٸ
Informal Simple; feeble.
ʽ ģ򵥵ģ
Gradually declining in trend; not firm:
ƣģ˥ģȶģ
a soft economy; a soft computer market.
ƣľãƣļг
Informal Easy:
ʽ ׵ģ
a soft job.
׵Ĺ
Based on conciliation or negotiation rather than on threats or power plays:
º͵ģڵ̸жǻвҫģ
took a soft line toward their opponents.
ǵĶǲȡº͵ķ
Informal and entertaining without confronting difficult issues or hard facts:
ɵģʽġ漰ѵʵԵģ
a soft story about a senator's private life.
һԱ˽Ĺ
Using or based on data that is not readily quantifiable or amenable to experimental verification or refutation:
ģģʹûڶʵ֤򷴲޷߼ݵģ
soft evidence; the soft sciences.
ģ֤ݣģѧ
Of or relating to a paper currency as distinct from a hard currency backed by gold.
ֽҵģڻֽҵģڻƽֵ֧Ӳͨ
Having low dissolved mineral content.
ƶģܽĿﺬٵ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Sibilant rather than guttural, asc  in certain  and g  in gem.  
ԵģǷģcertain е c  gem е g  
Voiced and weakly articulated:
ǵģġģ
a soft consonant.
Ǹ
Palatalized, as certain consonants in Slavic languages.
ģģ˹еĳЩ
Unprotected against nuclear attack:
ޱģޱܺ˹ģ
soft missile launching sites; a soft target.
ܺ˹ĵ䳡ܹĿ
n.ʣ
A soft object or part.
֮Ĳ
adv.ʣ
In a soft manner; gently.
͵أ͵ķʽ
?
Middle English [pleasant, calm] 
йӢ [ģƽ] 
from Old English s?e 
Դ Ӣ s?e 
?
softly
adv.ʣ
softness
n.ʣ

= =
software
soft.ware
AHD:[s?ftwar, s?ft-] 
D.J.[6s%8ft7we*, 6sKft-]
K.K.[6s%ft7wWr, 6s$ft-]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
The programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.
ƼӲָܼʾеĳӳͷ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
software manufacturers; software sales.
̣

= =
soil
soil 1
AHD:[soil] 
D.J.[s%!l]
K.K.[s%!l]
n.ʣ
The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter.
㣬ʯлʻһĿ
A particular kind of earth or ground:
ص
sandy soil.
ɳ
Country; land:
ң
native soil.

The agricultural life:
ũҵ
a woman of the soil.
ũĸŮ
A place or condition favorable to growth; a breeding ground.
´ĵط״
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman [a piece of ground] 
Դ Ӣ [һƬ] 
from Latin solium [seat] * see  sed- 
Դ  solium [λ] *μ sed- 
?
soil
soil 2
AHD:[soil] 
D.J.[s%!l]
K.K.[s%!l]
v.ʣ
soiled,soil.ing,soils 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make dirty, particularly on the surface.
ŪࣺŪ࣬رǵر
To disgrace; tarnish:
᣺ʹܳ裻ۣ
a reputation soiled by scandal.
Ŷ۵
To corrupt; defile.
ʴ
To dirty with excrement.
Ūۣ÷Ū
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become dirty, stained, or tarnished.
ࡢȾ۵
n.ʣ
The state of being soiled.
Ū״̬
A stain.
۵
Filth, sewage, or refuse matter.
ˮˮ
Manure, especially human excrement, used as fertilizer.
ϣʣϵ
?
Middle English soilen 
йӢ soilen 
from Old French souiller 
Դ ŷ souiller 
from Vulgar Latin *sucul3e  from Late Latin suculus  diminutive of Latin s?s [pig] * see  s?- 
Դ  *sucul3e  Դ  suculus    s?׺ [] *μ s?- 
or from souil [pigsty, wallow]  from Latin solium [seat] * see  soil 1
Դ souil []  Դ  solium [λ] *μ soil1
?
soil
soil 3
AHD:[soil] 
D.J.[s%!l]
K.K.[s%!l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
soiled,soil.ing,soils 
To feed (livestock) with soilage.
ιڣ
To purge (livestock) by feeding with green food.
ιϵķʹڣк
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
solar
so.lar
AHD:[s?lr] 
D.J.[6s*&l*]
K.K.[6sol+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or proceeding from the sun:
̫ģ̫йصĻ̫ģ
solar rays.
̫
Using or operated by energy derived from the sun:
̫ܵģʹûɴ̫еģ
a solar heating system.
̫ܼϵͳ
Determined or measured in reference to the sun:
̫ⶨģ
the solar year.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin s?3ris} 
Դ  s?3ris} 
from s?l [sun] * see  s3wel- 
Դ s?l [̫] *μ s3wel- 

= =
soldier
sol.dier
AHD:[s?ljr] 
D.J.[6s*&ld9*]
K.K.[6sold9+]
n.ʣ
One who serves in an army.
ʿھз۵
An enlisted person or a noncommissioned officer.
ˣļ˻δľ
An active, loyal, and militant follower:
ʿġҳϵĺ;ϵ׷ߣ
a soldier in the environmental coalition.
˵Ķʿ
A trusted follower of an organized crime leader.
ţＯͷĿε׷
A sexually undeveloped form of certain ants and termites, having large heads and powerful jaws specialized to serve as fighting weapons.
ϣԷȫĳϺͰϣͷܴΪܵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sol.diered,sol.dier.ing,sol.diers 
To be or serve as a soldier.

To make a show of working in order to escape punishment.
͵Ϊӱܳͷװ
?
Middle English soudier [mercenary] 
йӢ soudier [Ӷ] 
from Anglo-Norman soudeour, soldeier 
Դ Ӣ soudeour, soldeier 
Old French soudoior, soudier 
ŷ soudoior, soudier 
both from Old French sol, soud [sou] 
Դ ŷ sol, soud [СǮ] 
from Late Latin solidum, soldum [pay] 
Դ  solidum, soldum [] 
from solidus [solidus] * see  solidus 
Դ solidus [] *μ solidus
?
Why do soldiers fight?One answer is hidden away in the wordsoldier  itself. Its first recorded occurrence is found in a work composed around 1300,the word having come into Middle 
English (assoudier ) from Old French soudoior  and Anglo-Norman soudeour.  The Old French word,first recorded in the 12th century,is derived fromsol  or soud,  Old French forms of 
Modern French sou.  There is no longer a French coin namedsou,  but the meaning of the wordsou  alerts us to the fact that money is involved. Indeed, Old Frenchsol  referred to a coin 
and also meant pay,and asoudoior  was a man who fought for pay. This was a concept worth expressing in an era when many men were not paid for fighting but did it in service to a 
feudal superior.Thussoldier  is parallel to the word mercenary,  which goes back to Latinmerc?3rius,}  derived frommerces,  pay, and meaning working for pay.The word could 
also be used as a noun,one of whose senses was a soldier of fortune.
ʿΪʲô?һ𰸾soldier 档 ڴԼ1300һзʵءɹŷsoudoior Ͱ³ŵе 
soudeour йӢʽΪ soudier ) ŷеʣ¼12ͣsol  soud ִﵥ sou Ĺŷʽܱġ Ѿûнsou ķӲ
ˣ ǵsou ˼ʹʶǮйء ʵϣŷеsol ָһöӲң Ҳζšꡱsoudoior һΪ˱̵ˡ ˴̲û
õǸ⽨۵ʱֵָñġʿ(soldier)  Ӷ(mercenary)  ׷ݵmercennarius  merces ꡱܱ
 ˼ǡΪҲܵʹãеһ˼ǡӶ

= =
sole
sole 1
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[s*&l]
K.K.[sol]
n.ʣ
The underside of the foot.
ŵףŵĵ
The underside of a shoe or boot, often excluding the heel.
ЬףЬӻѥӵĵ棬
The part on which something else rests while in a vertical position, especially:
׶ˣĳﴦڴֱλʱ֧Ų֣ǣ
The bottom surface of a plow.
ĵ
Sports The bottom surface of the head of a golf club.
˶ ߶ĵ׶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
soled,sol.ing,soles 
To furnish (a shoe or boot) with a sole.
ףЬѥӣװЬ
Sports To put the sole of (a golf club) on the ground, as in preparing to make a stroke.
˶ ׼򣺽߶׶˴أ׼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin solea [sandal] 
Դ  solea [Ь] 
from solum [bottom, sole of the foot] 
Դ solum [ײŵ] 
?
sole
sole 2
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[s*&l]
K.K.[sol]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the only one:
Ψһģ
the sole survivor of the crash.See Synonyms at single 
¼ΨһҴ߲μ single
Of or relating to only one individual or group; exclusive:
ģΨһĸйصģеģ
The court has the sole right to decide.
ͥӵжеľȨ
Law Single; unmarried.
ɡ ģδ
?
Middle English [alone] 
йӢ [¶] 
from Old French sol 
Դ ŷ sol 
from Latin s?s * see  s(w)e- 
Դ  s?s *μ s(w)e- 
?
sole
sole 3
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[s*&l]
K.K.[sol]
n.ʣ
 sole  soles  
Any of various chiefly marine flatfish of the family Soleidae, related to and resembling the flounders, especially any of several European species, such asSolea solea,  valued as food 
fishes. 
һƵҪĿ㣬ͱĿƲйأŷ޵ļƷ,ŷ ,Ǽмֵʳ 
Any of various other flatfish, especially certain coastal flounders.
㣺ƵıĿ㣬ǼغĿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin solea [sandal, flatfish (from its shape)] * see  sole 1
Դ  solea [ЬĿ㣨״] *μ sole1

= =
solely
sole.ly
AHD:[s?ll?, s?l?] 
D.J.[6s*&lli8, 6s*&li8]
K.K.[6solli, 6soli]
adv.ʣ
Alone; singly:
Եأأ
solely responsible.

Entirely; exclusively:
ȫأеأ
did it solely for love.
ȫΪ˰

= =
solemn
sol.emn
AHD:[s?lm] 
D.J.[6sKl*m]
K.K.[6s$l*m]
adj.ݴʣ
Deeply earnest, serious, and sober.
ׯϵģ棬ׯϵ
Somberly or gravely impressive.See Synonyms at serious 
ׯصģػׯصظӡ̵Ĳμ serious
Performed with full ceremony:
¡صģʢףչʾģ
a solemn High Mass.
¡صĴ
Invoking the force of religion; sacred:
ʥģٻڽ̵ģʥģ
a solemn vow.
ʥ
Gloomy; somber.
ģ
?
Middle English solemne 
йӢ solemne 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sollemnis [established, customary] * see  sol- 
Դ  sollemnis [ģϰߵ] *μ sol- 
?
solemnly
adv.ʣ
solemnness
n.ʣ

= =
solid
sol.id
AHD:[s?l1d] 
D.J.[6sKl!d]
K.K.[6s$l!d]
adj.ݴʣ
sol.id.er,sol.id.est 
Of definite shape and volume; not liquid or gaseous.
ģ̶״ģҺ
Firm or compact in substance.See Synonyms at firm 1
ܵģι̵ĻܵĲμ firm1
Not hollowed out:
ʵĵģпյģ
a solid block of wood.
һʵĵľ
Being the same substance or color throughout:
ͬһģʵغɫһģ
solid gold.
ʮĽ
Mathematics Of or relating to three-dimensional geometric figures or bodies.
ѧ ģά
Having no gaps or breaks; continuous:
ͣٵģϵģ
a solid line of people.
ϵ
Of good quality and substance:
ʵģʵغܺõģ
a solid foundation.
ι̵Ļ
Substantial; hearty:
ģ൱ɹ۵ģģ
a solid meal.
ʢķ
Sound; reliable:
õģɿģ
solid facts.
ɿʵ
Financially sound.
ʽۺ
Upstanding and dependable:
ǿĺͿɿģ
a solid citizen.
ɿ
Written without a hyphen or space. For example, the wordsoftware  is a solid compound. 
дģӷŻոдģ絥software Ǹдϴ 
Printing Having no leads between the lines.
ӡˢ м䲻Ǧ
Acting together; unanimous:
жһµģȫһµģ
a solid voting bloc.
ȫһµͶƱ
n.ʣ
A substance having a definite shape and volume; one that is neither liquid nor gaseous.
壺й̶״ʣȲҺ̬Ҳ̬Ķ
Mathematics A geometric figure having three dimensions.
ѧ 壺ά
?
Middle English solide 
йӢ solide 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin solidus * see  sol- 
Դ  solidus *μ sol- 
?
solidly
adv.ʣ
solidness
n.ʣ

= =
solidarity
sol.i.dar.i.ty
AHD:[s?l1-d2r1-t?] 
D.J.[7sKl!6d#r!ti8]
K.K.[7s$l!6d#r!ti]
n.ʣ
A union of interests, purposes, or sympathies among members of a group; fellowship of responsibilities and interests:
Žᣨһ£Ա桢ĿĻͬĵϣκĺϻϵ
The perennial conflict between national egoism and international solidarity becomes more and more visible(Isaac Deutscher)See Synonyms at unity 
͹֮ĳڳͻԽԽԡ(ˡ)μ unity
?
French solidarit 
 solidarit 
from solidaire [interdependent] 
Դ solidaire [໥] 
from Old French [in common] 
Դ ŷ [ͬ] 
from Latin solidus [solid, whole] * see  solid 
Դ  solidus [һµģȫ] *μ solid

= =
solitary
sol.i.tar.y
AHD:[s?l1-tr?] 
D.J.[6sKl!7teri8]
K.K.[6s$l!7tWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Existing, living, or going without others; alone:
ģû˵Ĵڡչģ
a solitary traveler.See Synonyms at alone 
οͲμ alone
Happening, done, or made alone:
ΨһģԷġɵĻΪģ
a solitary evening; solitary pursuits such as reading and sewing.
ΨһҹԵ׷Ķ
Remote from civilization; secluded:
ӵģԶģӵģ
a solitary retreat.
Ӵ
Having no companions; lonesome or lonely.
įģûģĻ¼ŵ
Zoology Living alone or in pairs only:
ѧ ӵģĻ˫ģ
solitary wasps; solitary sparrows.
ӵ䣻ӵȸ
Single and set apart from others:
Ψһģֿģ
a solitary instance of cowardice.See Synonyms at single 
ųΨһӣμ single
n.ʣ
 sol.i.tar.ies 
A person who lives alone; a recluse.
ߣˣ
Solitary confinement.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French solitaire 
Դ ŷ solitaire 
from Latin s?3rius} 
Դ  s?3rius} 
from s?3s} [solitude] 
Դ s?3s} [] 
from s?s [alone] * see  s(w)e- 
Դ s?s [Ե] *μ s(w)e- 
?
solitarily
AHD:[-tar-l?] ʣ
solitariness
n.ʣ

= =
solo
so.lo
AHD:[s?l?] 
D.J.[6s*&l*&]
K.K.[6solo]
n.ʣ
 so.los 
Abbr. s.Music A composition or passage for an individual voice or instrument, with or without accompaniment.
д s.֡ ڶֶΣаްԿ
A performance by or intended for a single individual.
ݣɵ˽еĻڵ˽еı
Games Any of various card games in which one player singly opposes others.
Ϸ ˹ֽϷһֵԸ˵ļֽϷ֮һ
adj.ݴʣ
Music Composed, arranged for, or performed by a single voice or instrument.
֡ ģΪдġŵĻɵݵ
Made or done by a single individual.
ݵģɵ
adv.ʣ
Unaccompanied; alone:
أ
flew solo from Anchorage to Miami.
Ӱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
so.loed,so.lo.ing,so.los 
To perform a solo.

To fly an airplane without a companion or an instructor, especially for the first time.
ɣû¼ʻһܷɻָһ
?
Italian 
 
from Latin s?s [alone] * see  s(w)e- 
Դ  s?s [Ե] *μ s(w)e- 

= =
soluble
sol.u.ble
AHD:[s?ly-bl] 
D.J.[6sKlj*b*l]
K.K.[6s$lj*b*l]
adj.Abbr. sol.ݴʣд sol.
That can be dissolved, especially easily dissolved:
ܵģܱܽģָܽģ
soluble fats.
ܽ֬
Possible to solve or explain:
ܽ͵ģ
soluble mysteries.
֮ܽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin sol?s 
Դ  sol?s 
from Latin solvere [to loosen] * see  leu- 
Դ  solvere [ɿ] *μ leu- 
?
solubleness
n.ʣ
solubly
adv.ʣ

= =
solution
so.lu.tion
AHD:[s-l?shn] 
D.J.[s*6lu8.*n]
K.K.[s*6lu.*n]
n.Abbr. sol.,soln.ʣд sol.,soln.
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these.
ҺֻʵͬʻЩʿǹ塢Һ塢ߵĽ
The process of forming such a mixture.
ܽãγֻķ
The state of being dissolved.
ڣܽ״̬
The method or process of solving a problem.
취̣һķ
The answer to or disposition of a problem.
Ĵ𰸻
Law Payment or satisfaction of a claim or debt.
ɡ 峥ĳһծ峥
The act of separating or breaking up; dissolution.
ɢжɢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sol??}  sol?ti?n- 
Դ  sol??}  sol?ti?n- 
from sol?s [past participle of] solvere [to loosen] * see  solute 
Դ sol?s  [] solvereĹȥִ [ɢ] *μ solute

= =
solve
solve
AHD:[s?lv, s?lv] 
D.J.[sKlv, s%8lv]
K.K.[s$lv, s%lv]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
solved,solv.ing,solves 
To find a solution to.
ҵĽ취
To work out a correct solution to (a problem).
𣺵ó⣩ȷ
?
Middle English solven [to loosen] 
йӢ solven [ɿ] 
from Latin solvere * see  leu- 
Դ  solvere *μ leu- 
?
solver
n.ʣ
?
solve,decipher,resolve,unravel
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to clear up or explain something puzzling or unintelligible: 
Ще˼ǡĳɻ򲻿顱 
solve a riddle;
һ
can't decipher his handwriting;
ּ
resolve a problem;
һ⣻
unravel a mystery. 
⿪һ 

= =
some
some
AHD:[s?m] 
D.J.[sJm]
K.K.[sJm]
adj.ݴʣ
Being an unspecified number or quantity:
һЩȷ
some people; some sugar.
һЩˣ
Unknown or unspecified by name:
ĳһ֪Ļֲضģ
Some man called.
ĳ˴绰ݷù
Logic Being part and perhaps all of a class.
߼ѧ ĳĲֻпȫ
Informal Remarkable:
ʽ ģɫģ
She is some skier.
ǸܲĻѩ
pron.ʣ
An indefinite or unspecified number or portion:
ɣһһض
We took some of the books to the auction.See Usage Note at every 
ǰһȥ˲μ every
An indefinite additional quantity:
һĶ
did the assigned work and then some.
ѷĹãȻٶһЩ
adv.ʣ
Approximately; about:
Լƣ
Some 40 people attended the rally.
Լ40˲μ˼
Informal Somewhat:
ʽ е
some tired.
е
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sum [a certain one] * see  sem- 1
Դ Ӣ sum [ĳһ] *μ sem- 1

= =
somebody
some.bod.y
AHD:[s?mb?d?, -b?d?, -b-d?] 
D.J.[6sJm7bKdi8, -7bJdi8, -b*di8]
K.K.[6sJm7b$di, -7bJdi, -b*di]
pron.ʣ
An unspecified or unknown person; someone.See Usage Note at he 1
ĳˣһضʶˣĳ˲μ he1
n.ʣ
 some.bod.ies ʽ 
A person of importance:
Ҫ
Obviously she was somebodya real presence in the room(Oleg Cassini)
ȻǸҪصˡ(и񡤿)

= =
somehow
some.how
AHD:[s?mhou] 
D.J.[6sJm7ha&]
K.K.[6sJm7ha&]
adv.ʣ
In a way not specified, understood, or known.
ĳַʽĳֲض֪ķʽ

= =
someone
some.one
AHD:[s?mw?n, -wn] 
D.J.[6sJm7wJn, -w*n]
K.K.[6sJm7wJn, -w*n]
pron.ʣ
An unspecified or unknown person; somebody.
ĳˣһضʶˣĳ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A somebody.
ĳ

= =
something
some.thing
AHD:[s?mth1ng] 
D.J.[6sJmG!0]
K.K.[6sJmG!0]
pron.ʣ
An undetermined or unspecified thing:
ĳûоδָ
We're all recalling something, furtively seeking something(Virginia Woolf)
ǶڻĳЩ׷ѰĳЩ(ǡֶ)
One having essentially the same attributes, character, or essence as another:
ڱһͬԵĶ
Something of the Crusades[survives]  in the modern traveler (Anatole Broyard)
ִ ĳʮ־ʵĶ (ж³Ƕ)
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A remarkable or important thing or person:
ҪĻ˲˻
He thinks he is something in that uniform.
ΪƷǷ
adv.ʣ
A little; somewhat:
΢е㣺
She looks something like her mother.
ȥе
Informal To an extreme degree:
ʽ ǳﵽ㣺
He drinks something fierce.
ȾƼ
?
something elseʽ
One that is very special or quite remarkable:
ǳ߷ǳ˲ˣ
Her new film is something else.
ӰƬǳ
something of
To some extent:
ĳ̶ֳϣ
Our professor is something of an eccentric.
ǽڵеŹ

= =
sometime
some.time
AHD:[s?mtom] 
D.J.[6sJm7ta!m]
K.K.[6sJm7ta!m]
adv.ʣ
At an indefinite or unstated time:
ĳʱ䣺ĳȷδ˵ʱ䣺
I'll meet you sometime this afternoon.
ҽĳʱ
At an indefinite time in the future:
պ󣺽ĳȷʱ䣺
Let's get together sometime.
պ
Obsolete Sometimes.
 ʱ
Archaic Formerly.
 ǰ
adj.ݴʣ
Having been at some prior time; former:
ǰǰĳʱģǰģ
a sometime secretary.
ǰһ
Usage Problem Occasional.
÷ѡ ż
?
Sometime  as an adjective has been employed to mean former since the 15th century.It has come to be used in the 20th century with the meaning occasional: 
Sometime Ϊݴʣ Դ15Ϳʼʾǰġ֮⡣20𽥱ڱʾżġ֮⣺ 
the team's sometime star and sometime problem child. 
öʱǣʱǸĺӡ 
This latter use, however, is unacceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel.See Usage Note at someday 
Ȼһ÷ڴ÷СĴ˵ǲɽܵĲμ someday

= =
sometimes
some.times
AHD:[s?mtomz] 
D.J.[6sJm7ta!mz]
K.K.[6sJm7ta!mz]
adv.ʣ
At times; now and then.
ʱ
Obsolete At some previous time; formerly.
 ǰǰ

= =
somewhat
some.what
AHD:[s?mhw?t, -w?t,  -hw?t, -w?t, -hwt, -wt] 
D.J.[6sJm7hwKt, -7wKt,  7hwJt, -7wJt, -hw*t, -w*t]
K.K.[6sJm7hw$t, -7w$t,  7hwJt, -7wJt, -hw*t, -w*t]
adv.ʣ
To some extent or degree; rather.
൱ﵽĳַΧ̶ȣ൱
pron.ʣ
Something.
Ҫ

= =
somewhere
some.where
AHD:[s?mhwar, -war] 
D.J.[6sJm7hwe*, -7we*]
K.K.[6sJm7hwWr, -7wWr]
adv.ʣ
At, in, or to a place not specified or known:
ĳڻĳȷ֪ĵط
found it somewhere in the woods.
ɭĳҵ
To a place or state of further development or progress:
ĳ̶ֳȣﵽչĳطĳ״̬
finally getting somewhere.
ȡĳЩչ
Approximately; roughly:
Լࣺ
somewhere about halfway through.
պȫ̵һ
n.ʣ
An unknown or unspecified place:
ĳһδ֪ضĵط
A big dog, a hound with a strain of mastiff from somewhere(William Faulkner)
һȮһֻȮһȺ֪ԺηĴѱȮ()

= =
son
son
AHD:[s?n] 
D.J.[sJn]
K.K.[sJn]
n.Abbr. s.ʣд s.
One's male child.
ӣĳ˵Ժ
A male descendant.
Ժ
A man considered as if in a relationship of child to parent:
ΪǴƺ븸ĸϵеˣ
a son of the soil.
صĶ
One personified or regarded as a male descendant.
˸񻯻ΪԺ˻
Used as a familiar form of address for a young man.
ӣڼͥƺгƺһ
Son The second person of the Trinity.
 Son ʥӣλһеĵڶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sunu * see  seu- 1
Դ Ӣ sunu *μ seu- 1
?
sonly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
song
song
AHD:[s?ng, s?ng] 
D.J.[s%80, sK0]
K.K.[s%0, s$0]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A brief composition written or adapted for singing.
ıԸ質ļ
The act or art of singing:
質質Ϊ
broke into song.
質
A distinctive or characteristic sound made by an animal, such as a bird or an insect.
ȶбɫ
Poetry; verse.
ʫ裻
A lyric poem or ballad.
ʫҥ
?
for a songʽ
At a low price:
ǳ˵أ
bought the antique tray for a song.
Ա˵ļǮǸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sang * see  seng wh- 
Դ Ӣ sang *μ seng wh- 
?
Song
Song Ҳ Sung
AHD:[s?ng] 
D.J.[s&0]
K.K.[s&0]
NONE޴ԣ
A Chinese dynasty (960-1279). Under its rule China achieved one of its highest levels of culture and prosperity.
Σйһ9601279꣩ͳ£йĻͷٷȡˮƽ֮һ

= =
soon
soon
AHD:[s?n] 
D.J.[su8n]
K.K.[sun]
adv.ʣ
soon.er,soon.est 
In the near future; shortly.
ãĽܿ
Without hesitation; promptly:
ԥأϣ
came as soon as possible.
Ͼ
Before the usual or appointed time; early.
磺ָͨʱ֮ǰ
With willingness; readily:
ԸԸ⣻Ըأ
I'd as soon leave right now.
Ͼ뿪
Obsolete Immediately.
 
?
no sooner than
As soon as:
һ͡
No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.
ϵ˪һɢǾͿʼ
sooner or later
At some time; eventually:
磻гһգ
Sooner or later you will have to face the facts.
罫ʵ
?
Middle English sone 
йӢ sone 
from Old English s?a [immediately] 
Դ Ӣ s?a [] 
?
No sooner,  as a comparative adverb, should be followed bythan  not when,  as in these typical examples: 
No sooner ΪȽϼʽĸʣ Ӧthan  when  Щӣ 
No sooner had she come than the maid knocked.
һŮӶˡ
I had no sooner left than she called. 
Ҹʹ˵绰 

= =
sophisticated
so.phis.ti.cat.ed
AHD:[s-f1st1-k3t1d] 
D.J.[s*6f!st!7ke!t!d]
K.K.[s*6f!st!7ket!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Having acquired worldly knowledge or refinement; lacking natural simplicity or naivet.
ʵģ߱ʵ֪ʶϸģȱȻĵɵ
Very complex or complicated:
ǳӾܻģ
the latest and most sophisticated technology.
˵ļ:
Suitable for or appealing to the tastes of sophisticates:
΢ģڻڴ˵θڵģ
a sophisticated drama.
µϷ
?
sophisticatedly
adv.ʣ

= =
sore
sore
AHD:[s?r, s?r] 
D.J.[s%8, s*&r]
K.K.[s%r, sor]
adj.ݴʣ
sor.er,sor.est 
Painful to the touch; tender.
ʹģ
Feeling physical pain; hurting:
ʹģоʹģʹģ
sore all over.
ȫʹ
Causing misery, sorrow, or distress; grievous:
ǵģʹ˱ʹĻǵģ˱ʹģ
in sore need.
Ҫ
Causing embarrassment or irritation:
ʹѿȵĻģ
a sore subject.
Ļ
Full of distress; sorrowful.
˵ģʹ
Informal Angry; offended.
ʽ ջģ
n.ʣ
An open skin lesion, wound, or ulcer.
˿ڣƤˡ˿ڻ
A source of pain, distress, or irritation.
ʹʹࡢ˻ŭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sored,sor.ing,sores 
To mutilate the legs or feet of (a horse) in order to induce a particular gait in the animal.
ŪˣΪʹ߳ĳĲҪȻţ
adv.Archaic ʣ 
Sorely.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s3r 
Դ Ӣ s3r 
?
soreness
n.ʣ

= =
sorrow
sor.row
AHD:[s?r?, s?r?] 
D.J.[6sKr*&, 6s%8r*&]
K.K.[6s$ro, 6s%ro]
n.ʣ
Mental suffering or pain caused by injury, loss, or despair.See Synonyms at regret 
ʹˣ˺ʧľϵĥʹμ regret
A source or cause of sorrow; a misfortune.
£˵ԭ򣺱˵Դͷԭ򣻲ҵ
Expression of sorrow; grieving.
˵ı¶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sor.rowed,sor.row.ing,sor.rows 
To feel or express sorrow; grieve.See Synonyms at grieve 
еﱯˣʹμ grieve
?
Middle English sorwe 
йӢ sorwe 
from Old English sorg 
Դ Ӣ sorg 
?
sorrower
n.ʣ

= =
sorry
sor.ry
AHD:[s?r?, s?r?] 
D.J.[6sKri8, 6s%8ri8]
K.K.[6s$ri, 6s%ri]
adj.ݴʣ
sor.ri.er,sor.ri.est 
Feeling or expressing sympathy, pity, or regret:
Ǹģеʾͬ顢źں޵ģ
I'm sorry I'm late.
Բҳٵ
Worthless or inferior; paltry:
޼ֵĻ͵ȵģӵģ
a sorry excuse.
ӵĽ
Causing sorrow, grief, or misfortune; grievous:
ˡʹ߲ҵģʹģ
a sorry development.
˾ɥķչ
?
Middle English sori 
йӢ sori 
from Old English s3g [sad] 
Դ Ӣ s3g [ĵ] 
from s3r [sore] 
Դ s3r [ʹ] 
?
sorrily
adv.ʣ
sorriness
n.ʣ

= =
sort
sort
AHD:[s?rt] 
D.J.[s%8t]
K.K.[s%rt]
n.ʣ
A group of persons or things of the same general character; a kind.See Usage Note at kind 2
֣ࣺͬһһȺ˻£μ kind2
Character or nature:
Ʒʣ
books of all sorts.See Synonyms at type 
ָμ type
One that typifies a group or exemplifies a characteristic:
ͣһȺ˵ĵͻ֤ĳһصˣ
The clerk is a decent sort.
λְԱɵһ
A way of acting or behaving.
磺Ϊֹһַʽ
sorts Printing One of the characters in a font of type.
 sorts ӡˢ ֣һǦַһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sort.ed,sort.ing,sorts 
To arrange according to class, kind, or size; classify.See Synonyms at arrange 
ࣺࡢƷֻ߳ߴ簲ţűμ arrange
To separate from others:
ֿʹֿ
sort out the wheat from the chaff.
СӿƤмѡ
To clarify by going over mentally:
壬ʹ壺ͨԺ˼ͷУĻң
She tried to sort out her problems.
ŬҪԼ
?
after a sort
In a haphazard or imperfect way:
еһ߲ķʽ
managed to paint the chair after a sort.
ذӻ
of sorts 
of a sort
Of a mediocre or inferior kind:
ƽӹģߵӵģ
a constitutional government of a sort.
ܷƽӹ
Of one kind or another:
ָģǴ˼˵ģ
knew many folktales of sorts.
ָ֪
out of sorts
Slightly ill.
Ƿ
Irritable; cross:
鲻ѵģƢģ
The teacher is out of sorts this morning.
ʦ鲻
sort ofʽ
Somewhat; rather:
м֣൱
Gambling and prostitution . . . have been prohibited, but only sort of(George F. Will)
ĲԺѾˣֻеס(F.)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin sors  sort- [lot] * see  ser- 2
Դ  sors  sort- [һȺ] *μ ser- 2
?
sortable
adj.ݴʣ
sorter
n.ʣ

= =
soul
soul
AHD:[s?l] 
D.J.[s*&l]
K.K.[sol]
n.ʣ
The animating and vital principle in human beings, credited with the faculties of thought, action, and emotion and often conceived as an immaterial entity.
߱Լıԣ˼жԼͨΪʵ
The spiritual nature of human beings, regarded as immortal, separable from the body at death, and susceptible to happiness or misery in a future state.
꣺ľʣΪģʱֿδ״̬ҸʹӰ
The disembodied spirit of a dead human being; a shade.
飺ǵλꣻ
Soul Christian Science God.
 Soul ̿ѧɡ ϵ
A human being:
ˣ
the homes of some nine hundred souls(Garrison Keillor)
ԼŰٸ˵ļ԰(ɭл)
The central or integral part; the vital core:
ĵĻĲ֣Ҫĺģ
It saddens me that this network . . . may lose its soul, which is after all the quest for news(Marvin Kalb)
Ҹеģ硭Ҫʧȥ侫жϢѰҡ(ġ)
A person considered as the perfect embodiment of an intangible quality; a personification:
ΪĳֳƷʵľֵˣ
I am the very soul of discretion.
Ҿǽþ
A person's emotional or moral nature:
飺һ˸µıʣ
An actor is . . . often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world but dare not(Alec Guinness)
һԱǡͨԼչʾ˵ȴҵˡ(ˡ˹)
A sense of ethnic pride among Black people and especially African-Americans, expressed in areas such as language, social customs, religion, and music.
飺еһ԰ԡסڽԼֵȷ涼б
A strong, deeply felt emotion conveyed by a speaker, a performer, or an artist.
飺ݽߡ߻ͱоһǿҵ̸
Soul music.
ʿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s3l 
Դ Ӣ s3l 

= =
sound
sound 1
AHD:[sound] 
D.J.[sa&nd]
K.K.[sa&nd]
n.ʣ
Vibrations transmitted through an elastic material or a solid, liquid, or gas, with frequencies in the approximate range of 20 to 20,000 hertz, capable of being detected by human organs 
of hearing.
ͨеԵʻ߹塢Һ崫͵񶯣Ƶ2020,000֮䣬ܹ˵ٸо
Transmitted vibrations of any frequency.
͹κƵʵ
The sensation stimulated in the organs of hearing by such vibrations in the air or other medium.
ܿý񶯵Ĵ̼вĸо
Such sensations considered as a group.
ϵͳΪһȺָо
A distinctive noise:
Ե
a hollow sound.
Ƶ
The distance over which something can be heard:
Χĳֶܱľ룺
within sound of my voice.
֮
Linguistics 
ѧ 
An articulation made by the vocal apparatus:
ɷװ
a vowel sound; a speech sound.
Ԫݽ
The distinctive character of such an articulation:
ֵĶصص㣺
The wordsbear  and bare  have the same sound. 
bear  bare ӵֵͬ 
A mental impression; an implication:
֮֮⣺
didn't like the sound of the invitation.
ϲ֮
Auditory material that is recorded, as for a movie.
¼ϣΪӰ¼ƵĿĲ
Meaningless noise.
û
Music A distinctive style, as of an orchestra or a singer.
֡ 罻ֶӻֵģַ
Archaic Rumor; report.
 ҥѶϢ
v.ʣ
sound.ed,sound.ing,sounds 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or give forth a sound:
򷢳죺
The siren sounded.

To be given forth as a sound:
죬죺
The fanfare sounded.

To present a particular impression:
һرӡ
That argument sounds reasonable.
Ǹ۵е
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to give forth or produce a sound:
ʹ죺
sounded the gong.

To summon, announce, or signal by a sound:
źţټźţ
sound a warning.

Linguistics To articulate; pronounce:
ѧ 
sound a vowel.
һԪ
To make known; celebrate:
ʹ֪أף
Nations unborn your mighty names shall sound(Alexander Pope)
δĹңӢӦ̡(ɽ󡤲)
To examine (a body organ or part) by causing to emit sound; auscultate.
飺ͨʹ飨ٻ򲿷֣
?
sound off
To express one's views vigorously:
̸ۣ㷢Լļ⣺
was always sounding off about higher taxes.
Ǿ͸˰㷢Լļ
To count cadence when marching in military formation.
о벽߿
?
Middle English soun 
йӢ soun 
from Old French son 
Դ ŷ son 
from Latin sonus * see  swen- 
Դ  sonus *μ swen- 
?
sound
sound 2
AHD:[sound] 
D.J.[sa&nd]
K.K.[sa&nd]
adj.ݴʣ
sound.er,sound.est 
Free from defect, decay, or damage; in good condition.
õģ޴õģûиĻ˵ģõ
Free from disease or injury.See Synonyms at healthy 
ȫģûм˵Ĳμ healthy
Having a firm basis; unshakable:
ι̵ģɶҡģ
a sound foundation.
ι̵Ļ
Financially secure or safe:
ϳʵĻȫģ
a sound economy.
ʵľ
Based on valid reasoning:
ģЧ֮ϵģ
a sound observation.See Synonyms at valid 
˵μ valid
Free from logical flaws:
û߼ģ
sound reasoning.
߼
Logic Of or relating to an argument in which all the premises are true and the conclusion follows from the premises.
߼ѧ ģĳ۵Ļ֮йصģ۵еǰᶼʵģҽԴǰ
Thorough; complete:
׵ģȫģ
a sound flogging.
ݺݵı޴
Deep and unbroken; undisturbed:
ϵģܴŵģ
a sound sleep.
˯
Free from moral defect; upright.
ûеȱģֱ
Worthy of confidence; trustworthy.
ֵεģֵ
Marked by or showing common sense and good judgment; levelheaded:
ʶģֻʶжϻ߾صģͷѵģ
a sound approach to the problem.
Ըȷķ
Compatible with an accepted point of view; conservative.
صģ뱻ܵĹ۵һµģص
Law Legally valid.
ɡ Ч
adv.ʣ
Thoroughly; deeply:
ֵأأ
sound asleep.
˯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gesund 
Դ Ӣ gesund 
?
soundly
adv.ʣ
soundness
n.ʣ
?
sound
sound 3
AHD:[sound] 
D.J.[sa&nd]
K.K.[sa&nd]
n.ʣ
Abbr. sd.A long, relatively wide body of water, larger than a strait or a channel, connecting larger bodies of water.
д sd.ϿһԽϿˮ򣬱straitchannelӸˮ
A long, wide ocean inlet.
ĺ
The air bladder of a fish.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sund [swimming, sea] 
Դ Ӣ sund [Ӿ] 
?
sound
sound 4
AHD:[sound] 
D.J.[sa&nd]
K.K.[sa&nd]
v.ʣ
sound.ed,sound.ing,sounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To measure the depth of (water), especially by means of a weighted line; fathom.
̽ȣ̽⣨ˮģȣָüߴ⣻ò
To try to learn the attitudes or opinions of:
̽ѯʣͼ֪ĳ˵̬Ȼ۵㣺
sounded out her feelings.
̽
To probe (a body cavity) with a sound.
̽̽飨ǻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To measure depth.

To dive swiftly downward. Used of a whale or fish.
ͻȻѸٵǱˮָ
To look into a possibility; investigate.
̽ԣе
n.ʣ
An instrument used to examine or explore body cavities, as for foreign bodies or other abnormalities, or to dilate strictures in them.
̽ӣڼ̽ǻһΪĶΪЩǻխ
?
Middle English sounden 
йӢ sounden 
from Old French sonder 
Դ ŷ sonder 
from sonde [sounding line] 
Դ sonde [] 
[probably of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
soundable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
soup
soup
AHD:[s?p] 
D.J.[su8p]
K.K.[sup]
n.ʣ
A liquid food prepared from meat, fish, or vegetable stock combined with various other ingredients and often containing solid pieces.
һҺʳࡢ߲˵ԭָ֭ĳɷ϶ƵãͨйĿ״
Slang Something having the appearance or a consistency suggestive of soup, especially:
ٵ ĳ־ӻȵĶָ
Dense fog.
Ũ
Nitroglycerine.
ըҩ
A chaotic or unfortunate situation.
һ߲ҵĴ
?
soup up ٵ
To modify (something) so as to increase its capacity to perform or satisfy, especially to add horsepower or greater speed potential to (an engine or a vehicle):
ЧĳԱ䷢ûָģٶǱ
souped up the 1959 Ford; souping up old sound systems.
Ľ1959ĸ߾ɵϵͳЧ
?
in the soupٵ
Having difficulties; in trouble.
ѣ֮
?
Middle English soupe 
йӢ soupe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] * see  seu- 2
[Դն] *μ seu- 2
Soup up 
Soup up 
from soup [material injected into a horse to make it run faster]  influenced by supercharge 
Դ soup[һΪʹܵøעڵ]   superchargeӰ

= =
sour
sour
AHD:[sour] 
D.J.[sa&*]
K.K.[sa&r]
adj.ݴʣ
sour.er,sour.est 
Having a taste characteristic of that produced by acids; sharp, tart, or tangy.
ζģʲζصģζǿҵģĻζŨҵ
Made acid or rancid by fermentation.
ʹģͨʹ򸯳
Having the characteristics of fermentation or rancidity; tasting or smelling of decay.
ģзͻ򸯰ܱʵص㣻иܵζζ
Bad-tempered and morose; peevish:
ƢģƢļƧģŭģ
a sour temper.
Ƣ
Displeased with something one formerly admired or liked; disenchanted:
ٱԻģĳ˹ȥĽϲĶеģٱԻģ
sour on ballet.
ϲ
Not measuring up to the expected or usual ability or quality; bad.
ϸģûдﵽĻͨģ
Of or relating to excessively acid soil that is damaging to crops.
ԹصģũƻõĹĻ֮йص
Containing excessive sulfur compounds. Used of gasoline.
ģй򻯺ġָʯ
n.ʣ
The sensation of sour taste, one of the four primary tastes.
ζζֻζ֮һ
Something sour.
ᶫ
A mixed drink made especially with whiskey, lemon or lime juice, sugar, and sometimes soda water.
ζβƣָʿɡʻ֭ԼʱմˮĻϾ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
soured,sour.ing,sours 
To make or become sour.
ʹ᣺ʹ߱ζ
To make or become disagreeable, disillusioned, or disenchanted.
ʧȥȤʹΪ졢ٻħ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s?r 
Դ Ӣ s?r 
?
sourish
adj.ݴʣ
sourly
adv.ʣ
sourness
n.ʣ
?
sour,acid,acidulous,dry,tart
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having a taste like that produced by an acid: 
Щݴʹͬ˼ǡζġ 
sour cider;
ƻ֭
acid, unripe grapes;
δѣ
an acidulous tomato;
ζ
dry white wine;
ζİ׾ƣ
tart cherries. 
ݮ 

= =
source
source
AHD:[s?rs, s?rs] 
D.J.[s%8s, s*&rs]
K.K.[s%rs, sors]
n.ʣ
The point at which something springs into being or from which it derives or is obtained.
ԴĳγɡԴȡõĸ
The point of origin, such as a spring, of a stream or river.See Synonyms at origin 
ԴͷԴһ㣬ȪˮСϪԴͷμ origin
One that causes, creates, or initiates; a maker.
ߣ𡢴ˣʼ
One, such as a person or document, that supplies information:
ϢԴṩϢĳ˻ļ
A reporter is only as reliable as his or her sources.
߾һϢṩһɿ
Physics The point or part of a system where energy or mass is added to the system.
ѧ Դĳϵͳʵһ򲿷
v.ʣ
sourced,sourc.ing,sourc.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To specify the origin of (a communication); document:
ԴָĳϢģԴΪṩļ
The report is thoroughly sourced.
Դ걸
To obtain (parts or materials) from another business, country, or locale for manufacture:
ãΪĿĶһҵһطãϣ
They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.
ǵַñǴǹ˾õ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To obtain parts or materials from another business, country, or locale:
ԭԴһҵһطϣ
They are sourcing from abroad in order to save money.
Ϊ˽ʡ֧Ǵӹԭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French sourse [from feminine past participle of] sourdre [to rise] 
Դ ŷ sourse  [] ԴsourdreԹȥִ [] 
from Latin surgere * see  surge 
Դ  surgere *μ surge

= =
south
south
AHD:[south] 
D.J.[sa&G]
K.K.[sa&G]
n.Abbr. S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.ʣд S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.
The direction along a meridian 90= clockwise from east; the direction to the right of sunrise.
ϷӶ˳ʱ뷽ת90֮ؾߵķ̫֮ʱҲķ
The cardinal point on the mariner's compass 180= clockwise from due north and directly opposite north.
ϣʹõ֮ϵһ㣬˳ʱת180֮뱱ǡ෴ķ
An area or a region lying in the south.
ϲλϷ
Often South 
  South 
The southern part of the earth.
ϼ
The southern part of a region or country.
Ϸĳҵϲ
South The southern part of the United States, especially the states that fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War.
 South ϷϷָսʱΪϲսĸ
adj.Abbr. S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.ݴʣд S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.
To, toward, of, facing, or in the south.
ϷϷģϷϷ
Originating in or coming from the south:
ԴڻϷģ
a hot south wind.
ȵϷ
adv.Abbr. S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.ʣд S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.
In, from, or toward the south.
ϷϷϷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English s?h * see  s3wel- 
Դ Ӣ s?h *μ s3wel- 

= =
southeast
south.east
AHD:[south-?st, sou-?st] 
D.J.[sa&G6i8st, sa&6i8st]
K.K.[sa&G6ist, sa&6ist]
n.Abbr. SEʣд SE
The direction or point on the mariner's compass halfway between due south and due east, or 135= east of due north.
ϷϺ֮ĺ̷λ㣬ƫ135=
An area or a region lying in the southeast.
λڶϷһƬش
Southeast A region of the southeast United States generally including Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida.
 Southeast ϲָݡݡϿݺͷڵϲ
adj.Abbr. SEݴʣд SE
To, toward, of, facing, or in the southeast.
򡢳ԡλڣڣϷ
Originating in or coming from the southeast:
ϷģԴڶϷģ
a southeast wind.
Ϸ
adv.Abbr. SEʣд SE
In, from, or toward the southeast.
ڡԡϵ
?
southeastern
adj.ݴʣ

= =
southern
south.ern
AHD:[s?Yrn] 
D.J.[6sJH*n]
K.K.[6sJH*n]
adj.Abbr. S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.ݴʣд S,S.,s,s.,so.,So.,sou.,Sou.
Situated in, toward, or facing the south.
ϷģλڡϷ
Coming from the south:
Ϸģ
southern breezes.
ϴ΢
Native to or growing in the south.
Ϸ
Often Southern Of, relating to, or characteristic of southern regions or the South.
  Southern ϷģϲϷصģ֮йصĻϷ
Being south of the equator.
ϵ
?
Middle English southerne 
йӢ southerne 
from Old English s?e * see  s3wel- 
Դ Ӣ s?e *μ s3wel- 
?
southernness
n.ʣ

= =
southwest
south.west
AHD:[south-wst, sou-wst] 
D.J.[sa&G6west, sa&6west]
K.K.[sa&G6wWst, sa&6wWst]
n.Abbr. SWʣд SW
The direction or point on the mariner's compass halfway between due south and due west, or 135= west of due north.
ϷλϺмĺ̷λָƫ135=
An area or a region lying in the southwest.
λϷش
Southwest A region of the southwest United States generally including New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, California, and Nevada and sometimes Utah and Colorado.
 Southwest ϵϲͨīݡɣݡÿ˹ݡݺڻݣʱҲݺͿ
adj.Abbr. SWݴʣд SW
To, toward, of, facing, or in the southwest.
ϷģڡԻλϷ
Originating in or coming from the southwest:
ϵģԡϷģ
a southwest wind.
Ϸ
adv.Abbr. SWʣд SW
In, from, or toward the southwest.
ϵأڡԻϵ
?
southwestern
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sovereign
sov.er.eign
AHD:[s?vr-1n, s?vr1n] 
D.J.[6sKv*r!n, 6sKvr!n]
K.K.[6s$v*r!n, 6s$vr!n]
n.Abbr. sov.ʣд sov.
One that exercises supreme, permanent authority, especially in a nation or other governmental unit, as:
ͳߣӵõȨˣָһλڵģ
A king, queen, or other noble person who serves as chief of state; a ruler or monarch.
ŮʻΪԵˣͳ
A national governing council or committee.
ͳιҵίԱ
A nation that governs territory outside its borders.
ԽͳεĹ
A gold coin formerly used in Great Britain.
ɳ֣Ӣʱʹõһֽ
adj.Abbr. sov.ݴʣд sov.
Self-governing; independent:
εģģ
a sovereign state.
Ȩ
Having supreme rank or power:
Ȩģӵ߼ͳȨģ
a sovereign prince.
ӵͳȨĹ
Paramount; supreme:
ϵģģ
her sovereign virtue is compassion.
ߵǸͬ
Of superlative strength or efficacy:
ЧĻģ
a sovereign remedy.
ЧĲȰ취
Unmitigated:
ģ
sovereign contempt.
۲۵
?
Middle English soverain 
йӢ soverain 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *super3s 
Դ  *super3s 
from Latin super [above] * see  uper 
Դ  super [] *μ uper 
?
sovereignly
adv.ʣ

= =
soviet
so.vi.et
AHD:[s?v?-t, -1t, s?v?-, s?v?-t] 
D.J.[6s*&vi87et, -!t, 6sKvi8-, 7s*&vi86et]
K.K.[6sovi7Wt, -!t, 6s$vi-, 7sovi6Wt]
n.ʣ
One of the popularly elected legislative assemblies that exist at local, regional, and national levels in the Soviet Union.
άָĵط͹ҵĹѡٻ֮һ
Soviet A native or inhabitant of the Soviet Union.
 Soviet ˣľ
Soviets The government of the Soviet Union. Used withthe.  
 Soviets the  
adj.ݴʣ
Often Soviet Of or relating to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
  Soviet ģά干͹Ļ֮йص
Of or relating to a soviet.
˵Ļ֮йص
?
Russian sovt [council, soviet] 
 sovt [飬ά] 
from Old Russian s?t?} * see  ksun- 
Դ ³ʿ s?t?} *μ ksun- 

= =
sow
sow 1
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[s*&]
K.K.[so]
v.ʣ
sowed,sown[s?n]   sowed sow.ing,sows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To scatter (seed) over the ground for growing.
֣ϲ֣
To impregnate (a growing medium) with seed.
ʹܲʹӣýʣ
To propagate; disseminate:
ɢɿ
sow rumors and dissension.
ɢҥ벻
To strew or cover with something; spread thickly.
ĳ︲ǣʹܲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To scatter seed for growing.
֣Ϊֲ
?
Middle English sowen 
йӢ sowen 
from Old English s3n * see  s?- 
Դ Ӣ s3n *μ s?- 
?
sower
n.ʣ
?
sow
sow 2
AHD:[sou] 
D.J.[sa&]
K.K.[sa&]
n.ʣ
An adult female hog.
ĸ
The adult female of several other animals, such as the bear.
Գ궯ĸ
A channel that conducts molten iron to the molds in a pig bed.
ˮˮϵģڵͨ
The mass of metal solidified in such a channel or mold.
һͨģ̵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sugu, s?} * see  s?- 
Դ Ӣ sugu, s?} *μ s?- 

= =
space
space
AHD:[sp3s] 
D.J.[spe!s]
K.K.[spes]
n.ʣ
Mathematics A set of elements or points satisfying specified geometric postulates:
ѧ 䣺ضļιʽһԪػ㣺
non-Euclidean space.
ŷ
The infinite extension of the three-dimensional field in which all matter exists.
ռ䣺ʵάռ
The expanse in which the solar system, stars, and galaxies exist; the universe.
棺̫ϵǡӴڵĿռ䣻
The region of this expanse beyond Earth's atmosphere.
̫գĿռ䲿
A blank or empty area:
յػأ
the spaces between words.
֮Ŀհ
An area provided for a particular purpose:
أ;ĵضΣ
a parking space.
ͣ
Reserved or available accommodation on a public transportation vehicle.
λλԤĻṩĹͨϵĳ
A period or interval of time.
ʱ϶
A little while:
һС
Let's rest for a space.
Ϣһ
Sufficient freedom from external pressure to develop or explore one's needs, interests, and individuality:
ϾԶѹԼҪȤҽзɣ
The need for personal space inevitably asserts itself(Maggie Scarf)
ܲɱرֳԸϾ(꼪˹)
Music One of the intervals between the lines of a staff.
֡ ױģ߼Ŀհ
Printing One of the blank pieces of type or other means used for separating words or characters.
ӡˢ ǦԷַָĿհ
One of the intervals during the telegraphic transmission of a message when the key is open or not in contact.
պţؼ뱻򿪻ûʱ籨Ϣļ
Blank sections in printed material or broadcast time available for use by advertisers.
հףӡˢƷհײֻ㲥Ŀհʱ䣬
v.ʣ
spaced,spac.ing,spac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To organize or arrange with spaces between.
֯
To separate or keep apart.
򱣳־
Slang To stupefy or disorient from or as if from a drug. Often used without : 
ٵ ңҩǷҩʹҡout ã 
The antihistamine spaces me out so I can't think clearly.
ðҩʹһ˼
v.intr.Slang ﶯʣٵ 
To be or become stupefied or disoriented. Often used without : 
ңûû֪out ã 
I was supposed to meet her, but I spaced out and forgot.
ұӦúģһ°¸
?
Middle English [area] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French espace 
Դ ŷ espace 
from Latin spatium 
Դ  spatium 
?
spacer
n.ʣ

= =
spacecraft
space.craft
AHD:[sp3skr2ft] 
D.J.[6spe!s7kr#ft]
K.K.[6spes7kr#ft]
n.ʣ
 spacecraft 
A vehicle intended to be launched into space.Also called  spaceship 
̫յĹҲ  spaceship

= =
spaceship
spaceship  space ship
AHD:[sp3ssh1p] 
D.J.[6spe!s7.!p]
K.K.[6spes7.!p]
n.ʣ
See  spacecraft 
μ  spacecraft

= =
spacious
spa.cious
AHD:[sp3shs] 
D.J.[6spe!.*s]
K.K.[6spe.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Generous or large in area or extent; roomy.
ģΧϹģ㲩
Vast in range or scope:
ģڷΧϹģ
a spacious view.
Ұ
?
spaciously
adv.ʣ
spaciousness
n.ʣ
?
spacious,ample,capacious,commodious,roomy
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having or affording a generous amount of space: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡӵлṩĿռ䡱 
a spacious apartment;
ĹԢ
an ample kitchen;
ĳ
a capacious purse;
ܴǮ
a commodious harbor;
ĸۿڣ
roomy pockets. 
װܶණ´ 

= =
spade
spade 1
AHD:[sp3d] 
D.J.[spe!d]
K.K.[sped]
n.ʣ
A sturdy digging tool having a thick handle and a heavy, flat blade that can be pressed into the ground with the foot.
һֺвضƽ̹ý̤еھ򹤾
Any of various similar digging or cutting tools.
£һھ򿳷Ĺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spad.ed,spad.ing,spades 
To dig or cut with a spade.
òڻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English spadu 
Դ Ӣ spadu 
?
spader
n.ʣ
?
spade
spade 2
AHD:[sp3d] 
D.J.[spe!d]
K.K.[sped]
n.ʣ
Games 
Ϸ 
A black, leaf-shaped figure on certain playing cards.
ңĳЩϷеĺɫҶͼ
A playing card with this figure.
ƣͼ
Also spades (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The suit of cards represented by this figure.
 Ҳ spades 뵥ãһɫɺɵͬɫ
Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a Black person.
 ٵ ˣԺ˵ı
?
in spades
To a considerable degree:
ں̶ܴϣ
They had financial trouble in spades.
ھ˼
?
Italian spade [pl. of] spada [card suit] 
 spade  [] spadaĸ [] 
from Latin spatha [sword, broad-bladed stirrer] 
Դ  spatha [н] 
from Greek spath?} [broad blade] 
Դ ϣ spath?} [] 

= =
span
span 1
AHD:[sp2n] 
D.J.[sp#n]
K.K.[sp#n]
n.ʣ
The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth.
ȣ˼Ŀռ룬Żݶ
The distance between the tips of the wings of an airplane.
չɻ˵ľ
The section between two intermediate supports of a bridge.
վࣺ֧Ŷ֮ľ
Something, such as a railroad trestle or bridge, that extends from one point to another.
壺һ쵽һ壬߼·
The distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is fully extended, formerly used as a unit of measure equal to about nine inches (23 centimeters).
ƾࣺȫſʱĴָ⵽Сָľ룬λ൱9Ӣ(23ף
A period of time:
һʱڣ
a span of life.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
spanned,span.ning,spans 
To measure by or as if by the fully extended hand.
Ʋûȫſƾ
To encircle with the hand or hands in or as if in measuring.
ΧƲƲ
To extend across in space or time:
Խʱռ䣺
a bridge that spans the gorge; a career that spanned 40 years.
Ͽȵʮҵ
?
Middle English [unit of measurement] 
йӢ [λ] 
from Old English spann * see  (s)pen- 
Դ Ӣ spann *μ (s)pen- 
?
span
span 2
AHD:[sp2n] 
D.J.[sp#n]
K.K.[sp#n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spanned,span.ning,spans 
To bind or fetter.
ס
n.ʣ
Nautical A stretch of rope made fast at either end.
 ϵһ
A pair of animals, such as oxen, matched in size, strength, or color and driven as a team.
⣩һԴСɫ䲢ͬԦĶţ
?
Dutch spannen [to harness] 
 spannen [] 
from Middle Dutch * see  (s)pen- 
Դ йź *μ (s)pen- 
?
span
span 3
AHD:[sp2n] 
D.J.[sp#n]
K.K.[sp#n]
v.Archaic ʣ 
A past tense of spin 
 spinĹȥʽ

= =
spare
spare
AHD:[spar] 
D.J.[spe*]
K.K.[spWr]
v.ʣ
spared,spar.ing,spares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To refrain from treating harshly; treat mercifully or leniently.
ˡסĶԴʴȻضԴ
To refrain from harming or destroying.
˺ƻ
To save or relieve from experiencing or doing (something):
ʹ⣺ʹھĳ£
spared herself the trouble of going.
ʡȴȥһ˵鷳
To hold back from; withhold or avoid:
谭赲⣺
spared no expense for the celebration.
ףò
To use with restraint:
Եʹã
Don't spare the mustard.
ĩʹ
To give or grant out of one's resources; afford:
ṩľĳ˵Դ
Can you spare ten minutes?
ܳʮ?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be frugal.
Լ
To refrain from inflicting harm; be merciful or lenient.
ˡ˺ʴȻ
adj.ݴʣ
spar.er,spar.est 
Kept in reserve:
õģ
a spare part; a spare pair of sneakers.
õһ֣һ˫Ԥ˶Ь
Being in excess of what is needed; extra.See Synonyms at superfluous 
ҪģĲμ superfluous
Free for other use; unoccupied:
;ģеģ
spare time.
ʱ
Not lavish, abundant, or excessive:
ʡġӵĻӵģ
a spare diet.See Synonyms at meager 
ʳμ meager
Lean and trim.See Synonyms at lean 2
ϸĲμ lean2
Not profuse or copious.
ӻ˷ѵĻӵ
n.ʣ
A replacement, especially a tire, reserved for future need.
ƷԱõƷָ̥
Sports 
˶ 
The act of knocking down all ten pins with two successive rolls of a bowling ball.
ȫ˶ʮȫ
The score so made.
ȫ÷
?
to spare
In addition to what is needed:
нࣺҪģ
We paid our bills and had money to spare.
Ǹʺн
?
Middle English sparen 
йӢ sparen 
from Old English sparian 
Դ Ӣ sparian 
?
sparely
adv.ʣ
spareness
n.ʣ
sparer
n.ʣ

= =
spark
spark 1
AHD:[sp?rk] 
D.J.[sp$8k]
K.K.[sp$rk]
n.ʣ
An incandescent particle, especially:
ȼյĿָ
One thrown off from a burning substance.
ǣȼյϵĻ
One resulting from friction.
𻨣ĦĻ
One remaining in an otherwise extinguished fire; an ember.
𣺻ϨĻϵĻ
A glistening particle, as of metal.
ģĿ
A flash of light, especially a flash produced by electric discharge.
¹⣺⣬ָŵʱ
A short pulse or flow of electric current.
Ķ
A trace or suggestion, as:
ۼ
A quality or feeling with latent potential; a seed or germ:
ǱǱܵƷʻ˼룻ӻѿ
the spark of genius.
ǻ۵Ļ
A vital, animating, or activating factor:
Ծأ
the spark of revolution.
Ļ
sparks (used with a sing. verb)Informal A radio operator aboard a ship.
 sparks 뵥ãʽ ϵߵ籨Ա
Electricity 
ѧ 
The luminous phenomenon resulting from a disruptive discharge through an insulating material.
𻨣ͨԵϵķԷŵķ
The discharge itself.
𻨷ŵ
v.ʣ
sparked,spark.ing,sparks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give off sparks.
ǽ
To give an enthusiastic response.
ͬ
To operate correctly. Used of the ignition system of an internal-combustion engine.
תָȼķϵͳת
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To set in motion; activate:

The incident sparked a controversy.
һ¼һ
To rouse to action; spur:
˶裺
A cheering crowd sparked the runner to triumph.
͵Ⱥܲ˶Աֱȡʤ
?
Middle English sparke 
йӢ sparke 
from Old English spearca 
Դ Ӣ spearca 
V., from Middle English sparken 
ʣԴ йӢ sparken 
from Old English spearcian 
Դ Ӣ spearcian 
?
sparker
n.ʣ
?
spark
spark 2
AHD:[sp?rk] 
D.J.[sp$8k]
K.K.[sp$rk]
n.ʣ
An elegantly dressed, highly self-conscious young man.
꣺šҸоǳõ
A male suitor; a beau.
ߣ
v.ʣ
sparked,spark.ing,sparks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To court or woo.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play the suitor.
׷ߵĽɫ
?
[Perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
or from spark 1
Դ spark1
?
sparker
n.ʣ
?
Spark
Spark
AHD:[sp?rk] Muriel Sarah (Born 1918) 
D.J.[sp$8k]
K.K.[sp$rk]
NONE޴ԣ
Scottish writer known for her satirical novels, includingMemento Mori  (1958) and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie  (1961). 
˹ˣ׶( 1918) ոŮңС˵ƷСס 1958꣩ ޵Сഺ 1961꣩ 

= =
sparkle
spar.kle
AHD:[sp?rkl] 
D.J.[6sp$8k*l]
K.K.[6sp$rk*l]
v.ʣ
spar.kled,spar.kling,spar.kles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give off sparks.
ų
To give off or reflect flashes of light; glitter.See Synonyms at flash 
⣺⣻ҫμ flash
To be brilliant in performance.
Ż
To shine with animation:
ҫл⣺
He has eyes that sparkle.
һ˫۾
To flash with wit:
ǻ۵Ĺâ
Her conversation sparkled throughout the evening.
ϵ̸ǻ۵Ĺâ
To release gas bubbles; effervesce:
ݣųݣĭ
Champagne sparkles.
ľĭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to flash and glitter:
ҫʹҫ
Sunlight was sparkling the waves.
ʹ
n.ʣ
A small spark or gleaming particle.
С𻨣С𻨻򷢹С
A glittering quality.

Brilliant animation; vivacity.

Emission of gas bubbles; effervescence.
ݣųݣĭ
?
Middle English sparklen 
йӢ sparklen 
frequentative of sparken [to spark] * see  spark 1
 sparkenظ [ʹ] *μ spark1

= =
sparrow
spar.row
AHD:[sp2r?] 
D.J.[6sp#r*&]
K.K.[6sp#ro]
n.ʣ
Any of various small New World finches of the family Emberizidae, having brownish or grayish plumage and including the song sparrow, white-throated sparrow, chipping sparrow, 
vesper sparrow, and other closely related species.
ȸһֲȸƵСȸëǳɫǳɫȸ׺ְ߳ȸƻȸ
Any of several similar or related birds, such as the house sparrow or the Java sparrow.
ȸࣺһȸƻص࣬ȸȸ
?
Middle English sparowe 
йӢ sparowe 
from Old English spearwa 
Դ Ӣ spearwa 

= =
spatial
spatial Ҳ spa.cial
AHD:[sp3shl] 
D.J.[6spe!.*l]
K.K.[6spe.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, involving, or having the nature of space.
ռģռġ֮йصġ̫ʵĻ漰̫յ
?
From Latin spatium [space] 
Դ  spatium [̫] 
?
spatiality
AHD:[sp3sh?-2l1-t?] ʣ
spatially
adv.ʣ

= =
speaker
speak.er
AHD:[sp?kr] 
D.J.[6spi8k*]
K.K.[6spik+]
n.ʣ
One who speaks.
˵
A spokesperson.

One who delivers a public speech.
˵ߣݽ
Often Speaker The presiding officer of a legislative assembly.
  Speaker Ժ鳤ֹԱ
A loudspeaker.

?
speakership
n.ʣ
?
Speaker
SpeakerTristram  Known as Tris.(1888-1958)
NONE޴ԣ
American baseball player who earned a career batting average of .344 playing with the Boston Red Sox (1907-1915) and the Cleveland Indians (1916-1926).
ʷؿˣ˹׳˶ԱְҵĵƽΪ.344Чڲʿٺӣ1907-1915꣩ӡڰ˶ӣ1916-1926꣩

= =
spear
spear 1
AHD:[sp?r] 
D.J.[sp!*]
K.K.[sp!r]
n.ʣ
A weapon consisting of a long shaft with a sharply pointed end.
ìǹһһ˺ͼͷɵ
A shaft with a sharp point and barbs for spearing fish.
棺һִмͷĵõì
A soldier armed with a spear.
ìʿ
v.ʣ
speared,spear.ing,spears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pierce with or as if with a spear.
ûì
To catch with a thrust of the arm:
͵ץס
spear a football.
͵۽
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stab at something with or as if with a spear.
ûìĳ
?
Middle English spere 
йӢ spere 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
spearer
n.ʣ
spearlike
adj.ݴʣ
?
spear
spear 2
AHD:[sp?r] 
D.J.[sp!*]
K.K.[sp!r]
n.ʣ
A slender stalk, as of asparagus.
۾۾«
v.intr.ﶯʣ
speared,spear.ing,spears 
To sprout like a spear.
ìһ
?
Alteration of spire 2
 spire2ı仯 

= =
special
spe.cial
AHD:[spshl] 
D.J.[6spe.*l]
K.K.[6spW.*l]
adj.Abbr. sp.,spec.ݴʣд sp.,spec.
Surpassing what is common or usual; exceptional:
رģһѰģģ
a special occasion; a special treat.
ⳡϣرĿ
Distinct among others of a kind:
ģͬܶصģ
a special type of paint; a special medication for arthritis.
һֶص᣻ؽ׵ĶƷ
Primary:
Ҫģ
His special satisfaction comes from volunteer work.
еõ
Peculiar to a specific person or thing; particular:
Ϊĳһ˻ģרŵģ
my own special chair; the special features of a computer.
Ҹרõӣר
Having a limited or specific function, application, or scope:
ضģ޶ĻضĹܡûΧ
a special role in the mission.
ڸиʹ
Arranged for a particular occasion or purpose:
ģΪⳡϻ;õģ
a special visit from her daughter.
Ůص̽
Regarded with particular affection and admiration:
رܵģܵرܻصģ
a special friend.
ֿ
Additional; extra:
ģӵģ
a special holiday flight.
ӵĺ
n.ʣ
Something arranged, issued, or appropriated to a particular service or occasion:
ΪضϺͷšлõ
rode to work on the commuter special.
רȥϰ
A featured attraction, such as a reduced price:
رģؼƷ
a special on salmon.
ؼ
A single television production that features a specific work, a given topic, or a particular performer.
ӵģرĿΧضضֵĵӽĿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French especial 
Դ ŷ especial 
from Latin speci3s 
Դ  speci3s 
from speci?s [kind] * see  species 
Դ speci?s [] *μ species
?
specially
adv.ʣ
specialness
n.ʣ

= =
specialist
spe.cial.ist
AHD:[spsh-l1st] 
D.J.[6spe.*l!st]
K.K.[6spW.*l!st]
n.ʣ
One who is devoted to a particular occupation or branch of study or research:
רңĳһضְҵо֧оˣ
Specialists . . . tend to think in grooves(Elaine Morgan)
רҡϰù̶ķʽ˼(ᡤĦ)
A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery, especially one who is certified by a board of physicians:
רҽĳһҽѧƵض֧ҽָҽ»ҽ
a specialist in oncology.
һҽ
Abbr. SPAny of several noncommissioned ranks in the U.S. Army that correspond to that of corporal through sergeant first class.
д SPֹٱһδܹεľˣ൱ڴʿʿľ
?
specialist  
specialistic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
speciality
spe.ci.al.i.ty
AHD:[spsh?-2l1-t?] 
D.J.[7spe.i86#l!ti8]
K.K.[7spW.i6#l!ti]
n.ʣ
 spe.ci.al.i.ties 
A distinguishing mark or feature.
һԵԻ
specialities Special points of consideration; particulars.
 specialities ϸ˵ϸĿ
Chiefly British A specialty.
Ӣ רҵ

= =
specialize
spe.cial.ize
AHD:[spsh-loz] 
D.J.[6spe.*7la!z]
K.K.[6spW.*7la!z]
v.ʣ
spe.cial.ized,spe.cial.iz.ing,spe.cial.iz.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of study.
רоĳһְҵо̽
Biology To develop so as to become adapted to a specific function or environment; undergo specialization.
ѧ רҵΪӦĳ־幦ܻ򻷾еרо
To concentrate on a particular activity or product:
޶ΧרŻרҵƷ
The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear.
ר۵ɽþߵ̵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make specific mention of; particularize.
ָ޶
To give a particular character or function to:
ʹ⻯ĳרŵصܣ
specialized her field of research.
ʹоרŻ
Biology To adapt to a particular function or environment; cause to undergo specialization.
ѧ ʹػʹӦĳרŵĹܻ򻷾ʹרŻ
To specify the payee in endorsing (a check).
ڱ֧Ʊʱָտ

= =
species
spe.cies
AHD:[sp?sh?z, -s?z] 
D.J.[6spi8.i8z, -si8z]
K.K.[6spi.iz, -siz]
n.ʣ
 species д sp.
Biology 
ѧ 
A fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding.See table at taxonomy 
֣һֻܹ࣬ӽ֣лɲμ taxonomy
An organism belonging to such a category, represented in binomial nomenclature by an uncapitalized Latin adjective or noun following a capitalized genus name, as inAnanas 
comosus,  the pineapple, and Equus caballus,  the horse. 
л壺˫֣Сдݴʻʸڴд֮ɣë ָܣ  ָ 
Logic A class of individuals or objects grouped by virtue of their common attributes and assigned a common name; a division subordinate to a genus.
߼ѧ 壺չͬԶԸеķָ࣬еƣ¼
A kind, variety, or type:
֡ͣ
No species of performing artist is as self-critical as a dancer(Susan Sontag)
ҵУû赸ϸҪˡ(ɺɣ)
The human race; humankind.
֣
Roman Catholic Church 
̡ 
The outward appearance or form of the Eucharistic elements that is retained after their consecration.
µʥƷλ
Either of the consecrated elements of the Eucharist.
ʥּʥƷ֮һ
Obsolete 
 
An outward form or appearance.
ʽ
Specie.
Ӳ
?
Middle English [logical classification] 
йӢ [߼ķ] 
from Latin speci?s [a seeing, kind, form] * see  spek- 
Դ  speci?s [Ӿ࣬ʽ] *μ spek- 

= =
specific
spe.cif.ic
AHD:[sp1-s1f1k] 
D.J.[sp!6s!f!k]
K.K.[sp!6s!f!k]
adj.Abbr. specif.,sp.ݴʣд specif.,sp.
Explicitly set forth; definite.See Synonyms at explicit 
ȷģһĲμ explicit
Relating to, characterizing, or distinguishing a species.
֣еġйصĻֵ
Special, distinctive, or unique:
еģֵġʵĻصģ
specific qualities and attributes.
صƷʺ
Intended for, applying to, or acting on a particular thing:
ضģضΪĿġضĻضģ
a specific remedy for warts.
Чҩ
Concerned particularly with the subject specified. Often used in combination:
еģضϵġڸϴʣ
age-specific voting patterns(A. Dianne Schmidley)
ضͶƱģʽ(A.ȡʩ׵)
Designating a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition.
΢ļ
Having a remedial influence or effect on a particular disease.
ĳּЧЧ
Immunology Having an affinity limited to a particular antibody or antigen.
ѧ ЧģֻضԭЧ
Designating a customs charge levied on merchandise by unit or weight rather than according to value.
ģ˰ֻλȡĶֵ˰
Designating a commodity rate applicable to the transportation of a single commodity between named points.
ʵģָضıָصĵλƶʵ
n.ʣ
Something particularly fitted to a use or purpose.
;Ŀĵ
A remedy intended for a particular ailment or disorder.
Чҩĳּҵרҩ
A distinguishing quality or attribute.
ʻ
specifics Distinct items or details; particulars.
 specifics ϸڣرϸڣϸ˵
?
Late Latin specificus 
 specificus 
Latin speci?s [kind, species] * see  species 
 speci?s [࣬] *μ species
Latin -ficus [-fic] 
 -ficus [׺] 
?
specifically
adv.ʣ
specificity
AHD:[sps-f1s1-t?] ʣ

= =
specification
spec.i.fi.ca.tion
AHD:[sps-f1-k3shn] 
D.J.[7spes*f!6ke!.*n]
K.K.[7spWs*f!6ke.*n]
n.Abbr. spec.ʣд spec.
The act of specifying.
ϸ˵Ϊ
specifications A detailed, exact statement of particulars, especially a statement prescribing materials, dimensions, and quality of work for something to be built, installed, or 
manufactured.
 specifications 񣺶Թ̡豸Ʒԭϡߴȷϸ˵
A single item or article that has been specified.
ָѾָ
An exact written description of an invention by an applicant for a patent.
ͨרʽԷȷе

= =
specify
spec.i.fy
AHD:[sps-fo] 
D.J.[6spes*7fa!]
K.K.[6spWs*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spec.i.fied,spec.i.fy.ing,spec.i.fies 
To state explicitly or in detail:
ȷ˵ָ
specified the amount needed.
ȷ˵
To include in a specification.
ѡ˵
To state as a condition:
ѡΪ
specified that they be included in the will.
ǱΪ
?
Middle English specifien 
йӢ specifien 
from Old French specifier 
Դ ŷ specifier 
from Late Latin specific3e 
Դ  specific3e 
from specificus [specific] * see  specific 
Դ specificus [ϸ] *μ specific
?
specifier
n.ʣ

= =
specimen
spec.i.men
AHD:[sps-mn] 
D.J.[6spes*m*n]
K.K.[6spWs*m*n]
n.Abbr. sp.ʣд sp.
An individual, an item, or a part representative of a class, genus, or whole.See Synonyms at example 
һϸĿһࡢһֻһĸμ example
A sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine, used for analysis and diagnosis.
ϵ֯ѪҺҺĳ
Informal An individual; a person:
ʽ ˣһˣ
a disagreeable specimen.

?
Latin [example] 
 [] 
from specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
Դ specere [] *μ spek- 

= =
spectacle
spec.ta.cle
AHD:[spkt-kl] 
D.J.[6spekt*k*l]
K.K.[6spWkt*k*l]
n.ʣ
Something that can be seen or viewed, especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature.
׳ۣܱĶָ׳ľ
A public performance or display, especially one on a large or lavish scale.
չʾݳָͻ˷ѵĹݻչʾ
A regrettable public display, as of bad behavior:
ࣺźĹչʾо
drank too much and made a spectacle of himself.
ȵùڳ
spectacles 
 spectacles 
A pair of eyeglasses.
۾
Something resembling eyeglasses in shape or suggesting them in function.
۾״Ķ۾ܵе
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin spect3m 
Դ  spect3m 
from spect3e [to watch] [frequentative of] specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
Դ spect3e [۲]  [] specereظ [] *μ spek- 

= =
spectacular
spec.tac.u.lar
AHD:[spk-t2ky-lr] 
D.J.[spek6t#kj*l*]
K.K.[spWk6t#kj*l+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of the nature of a spectacle; impressive or sensational.
׳۵ģȻģӡĻ䶯
n.ʣ
Something that is spectacular, as:
׳۵Ķ磺
A single dramatic production of unusual length or lavishness.
ĿķѾʡʱһϷ
An elaborate display.
Ƶչ
?
spectacularity
AHD:[-l2r1-t?] ʣ
spectacularly
adv.ʣ

= =
spectator
spec.ta.tor
AHD:[spkt3tr] 
D.J.[6spek7te!t*]
K.K.[6spWk7tet+]
n.ʣ
An observer of an event.
Ŀߣ¼Ŀ
?
Latin spect3r 
 spect3r 
from spect3e [to watch] * see  spectacle 
Դ spect3e [ۿ] *μ spectacle
?
spectatorial
AHD:[-t-t?r?-l, -t?r-] ݴʣ
spectatorship
n.ʣ

= =
spectrum
spec.trum
AHD:[spktrm] 
D.J.[6spektr*m]
K.K.[6spWktr*m]
n.ʣ
 spec.tra[-tr]   spec.trums  
Physics The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, especially:
ѧ ףϵķֲָ
The distribution of energy emitted by a radiant source, as by an incandescent body, arranged in order of wavelengths.
ףԴһ׳壩ĸݲŶֲ
The distribution of atomic or subatomic particles in a system, as in a magnetically resolved molecular beam, arranged in order of masses.
ףϵͳ羭ֽķУԭԭ΢˳Ŷķֲ
A graphic or photographic representation of such a distribution.
Ƭֲ֮ͼƬ
A range of values of a quantity or set of related quantities.
ΧһһصֵΧ
A broad sequence or range of related qualities, ideas, or activities:
ϵУΧȣĹΧ
the whole spectrum of 20th-century thought.
20вͬ˼
?
Latin [appearance] 
 [] 
from specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
Դ specere [] *μ spek- 

= =
speculate
spec.u.late
AHD:[spky-l3t] 
D.J.[6spekj*7le!t]
K.K.[6spWkj*7let]
v.ʣ
spec.u.lat.ed,spec.u.lat.ing,spec.u.lates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To meditate on a subject; reflect.
˼ĳһ˼˼
To engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence.See Synonyms at conjecture See Synonyms at think 
Ʋ⣬²⣺ݲȷ֤е̲μ conjectureμ think
To engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit.
ͶðһķմƷĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assume to be true without conclusive evidence:
Ʋ⣺ûȷ֤ݵƲ⣺
speculated that high cholesterol was a contributing factor to the patient's health problems.
Ʋߵ̴Ӱ첡˽һ
?
Latin specul3o}  specul3t- [to observe] 
 specul3o}  specul3t- [۲] 
from specula [watchtower] 
Դ specula [] 
from specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
Դ specere [] *μ spek- 

= =
speech
speech
AHD:[sp?ch] 
D.J.[spi8t.]
K.K.[spit.]
n.ʣ
The faculty or act of speaking.
˵Ϊ
The faculty or act of expressing or describing thoughts, feelings, or perceptions by the articulation of words.
ִʱ˼롢л֪
Something spoken; an utterance.
˵Ļ
Vocal communication; conversation.
˵̸
A talk or public address:
ݽԻ򹫿˵
The best impromptu speeches are the ones written well in advance(Ruth Gordon)
ѵļݽд˸ӵݽ(¶˿)
A printed copy of such an address.
ӡݽ
One's habitual manner or style of speaking.
ϰߵ˵ʽ
The language or dialect of a nation or region:
ԣطԣ
American speech.

The sounding of a musical instrument.
ķ
The study of oral communication, speech sounds, and vocal physiology.
ѧԿͷ˵ܵо
Archaic Rumor.
 ҥԣ
?
Middle English speche 
йӢ speche 
from Old English spr??c} 
Դ Ӣ spr??c} 

= =
speed
speed
AHD:[sp?d] 
D.J.[spi8d]
K.K.[spid]
n.ʣ
Physics The rate or a measure of the rate of motion, especially:
ѧ ʣ˶ʻ޶ȣָ
Distance traveled divided by the time of travel.
ƽٶȣ˶˶ʱ֮
The limit of this quotient as the time of travel becomes vanishingly small; the first derivative of distance with respect to time.
˲ʱٶȣ˶ʱСԺʱļֵʱһ׵
The magnitude of a velocity.
ٶȵֵ
Swiftness of action.
٣Ѹ
The act of moving rapidly.
ٵж
The state of being in rapid motion; rapidity.
Ѹ٣˶״̬
A transmission gear or set of gears in a motor vehicle.
ıװ
A numerical expression of the sensitivity of a photographic film, plate, or paper to light.
йȣƬװֽԹжȵֱʾ
The capacity of a lens to accumulate light at an appropriate aperture.
۹ʣ͸ںʵľ¾۹
The length of time required or permitted for a camera shutter to open and admit light.
ʱ䣺Ŵ򿪲ù߽Ļʱ䳤
Slang Amphetamine.
ٵ 
Slang One that suits or appeals to a person's inclinations, skills, or character:
ٵ Ⱥãԣʺĳ˵ȤܻԸĶ
Living in a large city is not my speed.
סڴﲻϲ
Archaic Prosperity; luck.
 ٣
v.ʣ
sped[spd]   speed.ed speed.ing,speeds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to go, move, or proceed quickly; hasten.
ߴ٣ʹѸ뿪ƶǰߴ
To increase the speed or rate of; accelerate:
ӿ졭ٶȣٶȻʣ٣
speed up a car; sped production.
ʹ٣
To wish Godspeed to.
ףĳһ·ƽ
To further, promote, or expedite (a legal action, for example).
ٽӣӿ죨編ɳ
Archaic To help to succeed or prosper; aid.
 ʹɹʹ٣ʹɹٲʢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go, move, or proceed quickly:
УϿȥѸٵ뿪ƶǰ
sped to the rescue.
Ѹǰȥ
To drive at a speed exceeding a legal limit:
ټʻԳ޵ٶȼݳ
was speeding on the freeway.
ڸٹ·ʻ
To pass quickly:
Խ
The days sped by. The months have sped along.
һһŶһһ¼۶
To move, work, or happen at a faster rate; accelerate:
죺Ըٶƶ٣
His pulse speeded up.

Archaic 
 
To prove successful; prosper.
ɹٲʢ
To get along in a specified manner; fare.
չ˳ضʽУչ
?
up to speed
Operating at maximum speed.
ٶ
Producing something or performing at an acceptable rate or level.
ԺʵٶȻ׼ĳִĳ
Informal Fully informed of or conversant with:
ʽ Ϥ֪ģϤģ
I'm not up to speed on these issues yet.
ҶЩ黹Ϥ
?
Middle English spede 
йӢ spede 
from Old English sp?d [success, swiftness] * see  sp?- 
Դ Ӣ sp?d [ɹѸ] *μ sp?- 
?
speed,hurry,hasten,quicken,accelerate,precipitate
These verbs mean to proceed or cause to proceed rapidly or more rapidly.
ЩʶʾʹѸٻѸٵؽС
 Speed   refers to swift motion or action: 
 Speed  ָٵ˶ж 
The train sped through the countryside.
𳵷ɳ۶䡣
Postal workers labored overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail.
ʵ繤˼ӰӵԼʥڼżķ͡
Hurry   implies a markedly faster rate than usual,often with concomitant confusion or commotion: 
Hurry  ָͨöٶȣŻһɧ 
If you don't hurry, you'll miss the plane.
㲻ѸЩ㽫ˡ
Don't let anyone hurry you into making a decision you'll regret later.
Ҫκ˵Ĵߴ´ҴԺΪ֮ڵľ
Hasten   suggests urgency and often eager or rash swiftness: 
Hasten  н֮⣬ʾ򽹼ʶ٣ 
I hasten to respond to your invitation.
һѸٴ롣
Put the hot broth in the refrigerator for an hour to hasten cooling.
֭ڱзһСʱԼӿȴ
Quicken   and especiallyaccelerate  refer to increase in rate of activity, growth, or progress:  
Quicken  رaccelerate ָӻɳٶȣ  
The dancer's breathing quickened as she approached the end of her solo.
赸ڽӽβʱüˡ
The runner quickened his pace as he drew near to the finish line.
ڽӽյʱӿĲ
 Despite efforts to eradicate it, corruption persists,though it doesn't accelerate.
ŬܣԴţȻûж񻯡
Heat greatly accelerates the deterioration of perishable foods.
ӿ׸ʳƷĸá
Precipitate   implies suddenness or impetuousness that often causes something to happen abruptly or prematurely: 
Precipitate  ʾͨĳͻȻػʱδʱͻȻԻҴԣ 
The mere mention of the issue precipitated an outburst of indignation during the meeting. See also Synonyms at  haste 
ϸһᵽ¾һŭ μͬ haste
?
The fable of the tortoise and the hare teaches us that speed does not always spell success.Historically in English, however, it does:the Old English wordsp?,  from which our word 
speed  is descended, originally meant prosperity, successful outcome, ability, or quickness. A corresponding verb,sp?,  in Modern English the verbspeed,  meant to succeed, 
prosper, or achieve a goal; and an adjective,sp?,  the ancestor of our word speedy,  meant wealthy, powerful. Except for archaic usesthe words today relate only to the general 
sense of velocity.The meaning success is retained chiefly in the compoundGodspeed,  a noun formed from the phrase meaning God prosper you.
ڹԢԹ¸ٶȲζųɹȻӢʷУٶȾζųɹspeed ԹӢﵥ sp?d  ԭΪٲʢɹĽ
ٶȡ֮ӦĶspedan  ִӢspeed һʣΪȡóɹٲʢʵһĿꡱ speedy ǰݴ sp?g ʾеģġ 
Ŵ÷Щʽֻ͡ٶȡһһйءɹ֮ҪGodspeed ɹˡݣ У һԴ顰ףɹһ

= =
spell
spell 1
AHD:[spl] 
D.J.[spel]
K.K.[spWl]
v.ʣ
spelled  spelt [splt] spell.ing,spells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To name or write in order the letters constituting (a word or part of a word).
ƴд˵дɣһֵֻһ֣ĸ
To constitute the letters of (a word):
ɣһʣĸ
These letters spellanimal.  
Щĸƴanimal  
To add up to; signify:
£ζţ
Their unwise investment could spell financial ruin.
ĲǵͶʿܵ¾ϵʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form words by means of letters.
ĸɵ
?
spell down
To defeat in a spelling bee.
ƴдȡʤ
spell out
To make perfectly clear and understandable:
ʹʮף
asked him to spell out his objectives.
׵˵Ŀ
To read slowly and laboriously.
ػض
To puzzle out; comprehend by study.
ɻ󣻾о
?
Middle English spellen [to read letter by letter] 
йӢ spellen [һһֵض] 
from Old French espeller  [of Germanic origin] 
Դ ŷ espeller  [Դն] 
and from Old English spellian [to tell]  from spell [discourse] 
Դ Ӣ spellian []  Դ spell [ۣ˵] 
?
spell
spell 2
AHD:[spl] 
D.J.[spel]
K.K.[spWl]
n.ʣ
A word or formula believed to have magic power.
Ϊħĵʻ
A bewitched state; a trance.
״̬
A compelling attraction; charm or fascination:
ħԻ
the spell of the theater.
Ժħ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spelled,spell.ing,spells 
To put (someone) under a spell; bewitch.
÷סĳˣס
?
Middle English [discourse] 
йӢ [̸] 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
spell
spell 3
AHD:[spl] 
D.J.[spel]
K.K.[spWl]
n.ʣ
A short, indefinite period of time.
һСʱ
Informal A period of weather of a particular kind:
ʽ ĳһʱ䣺
a dry spell.
ɺ
One's turn at work.
ְࣺһ˵Ĺְ
A period of work; a shift.
һιʱ䣻滻
Australian A period of rest.
Ĵǡ һϢʱ
Informal A period of physical or mental disorder or distress:
ʽ ȵģһηһѹһʱ䣺
a dizzy spell.
һͷ
Informal A short distance.
ʽ һСξ
v.ʣ
spelled,spell.ing,spells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To relieve (someone) from work temporarily by taking a turn.
ְࣺ࣬ʱĳ˵Ĺ˳ؽĳ
To allow to rest a while.
ʹϢһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take turns working.
湤
Australian To rest for a time from an activity.
Ĵǡ ͣסĳһϢһ
?
From Middle English spelen [to spare] 
Դ йӢ spelen [] 
from Old English spelian [to represent, substitute for] 
Դ Ӣ spelian [] 

= =
spelling
spell.ing
AHD:[spl1ng] 
D.J.[6spel!0]
K.K.[6spWl!0]
n.Abbr. sp.ʣд sp.
The forming of words with letters in an accepted order; orthography.
ƴ֣ƴȷ˳ĸƴֵΪ׺ַ
The art or study of orthography.
ƴַ׺ַ׺ַо
The way in which a word is spelled.
ֵƴ

= =
spend
spend
AHD:[spnd] 
D.J.[spend]
K.K.[spWnd]
v.ʣ
spent[spnt] spend.ing,spends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use up or put out; expend:
ʱ䣩ȥȥѣ
spent an hour each day exercising.
ÿ컨һСʱϰ
To pay out (money).
Ǯ
To wear out; exhaust:
ƣ룻ƣ
The storm finally spent itself.
籩ƽϢ
To pass (time) in a specified manner or place:
ȹĥһضķʽĳضطȹʱ䣩
spent their vacation in Paris.
ڰȹǵļ
To throw away; squander:
ӵ˷ѣ
spent all their creative resources on futile projects.
еĴ˷Ŀ
To give up (one's time or efforts, for example) to a cause; sacrifice.
׳ȣ罫ʱ׸һҵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pay out or expend money.
ѣǮ
To be exhausted or consumed.
꣬ľ
?
Middle English spenden 
йӢ spenden 
partly from Old English -spendan  from Latin expend?e [to expend] * see  expend 
Դ Ӣ -spendan  Դ  expend?e [] *μ expend
and partly from Old French despendre [to weigh out] * see  dispense 
ҲԴ ŷ despendre [Ƴ] *μ dispense
?
spendable
adj.ݴʣ
spender
n.ʣ
?
spend,disburse,expend
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to pay or give out money or an equivalent in return for something: 
Ще˼ǡΪõĳ֧Ǯȼ 
spent five dollars for a movie ticket;
ԪһŵӰƱ
disbursing funds from the corporate account;
ӹ˾Ŀȡʽ
expending energy on a project. save 
ĳһĿϻѾ save

= =
sphere
sphere
AHD:[sf1r] 
D.J.[sf!r]
K.K.[sf!r]
n.ʣ
Mathematics A three-dimensional surface, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point.
ѧ 棺һάռе㶼ÿռĵ
A spherical object or figure.
壬
A celestial body, such as a planet or star.
壬ǻ
The sky, appearing as a hemisphere to an observer:
򣬹۲ĳʰεգ
the sphere of the heavens.

Any of a series of concentric, transparent, revolving globes that together were once thought to contain the moon, sun, planets, and stars.
һϵͬת͸֮һΪ̫Ǽ
The extent of a person's knowledge, interests, or social position.
Χλһ˵֪ʶΧȤΧλ
An area of power, control, or influence; domain.See Synonyms at field 
ΧȨӰķΧμ field
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sphered,spher.ing,spheres 
To form into a sphere.
γ
To put in or within a sphere.
ڲ
To surround or encompass.
ΧΧ
?
Middle English spere 
йӢ spere 
from Old French espere 
Դ ŷ espere 
from Latin sphaera 
Դ  sphaera 
from Greek sphaira 
Դ ϣ sphaira 
?
sphericity
AHD:[sf?-r1s1-t?] ʣ

= =
spider
spi.der
AHD:[spodr] 
D.J.[6spa!d*]
K.K.[6spa!d+]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous arachnids of the order Araneae, having a body divided into a cephalothorax bearing eight legs, two poison fangs, and two feelers and an unsegmented abdomen 
bearing several spinnerets that produce the silk used to make nests, cocoons, or webs for trapping insects.
֩룺һ֩ĿֳɳаͷزֻԼһֽڵĸм˿ܲ˿֯룬Բ׽
One that resembles a spider, as in appearance, character, or movement.
Ρصж֩
New England Upper Northern U.S. South Atlantic U.S. See  frying pan See Regional Note at frying pan 
Ӣ ˡ ϴذ μ  frying panμ frying pan
A trivet.
ż
?
Middle English spither 
йӢ spither 
from Old English spoa * see  (s)pen- 
Դ Ӣ spoa *μ (s)pen- 

= =
spill
spill 1
AHD:[sp1l] 
D.J.[sp!l]
K.K.[sp!l]
v.ʣ
spilled  spilt [sp1lt] spill.ing,spills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause or allow (a substance) to run or fall out of a container.
ʹʹɻãʣܳ
To scatter (objects) from containment:
ɢ䣺㣨壩Ӱɢ䣺
spilled the armload of books on the desk.
֮ɢ
To shed (blood).
Ѫ
Nautical 
 
To relieve the pressure of wind on (a sail).
Сԣ棩ѹ
To cause or allow (wind) to be lost from a sail.
ɻ÷©磩
To cause to fall:
ʹ£
The rider was spilled by his horse.
ֱƷڵ
Informal To disclose (something previously unknown); divulge:
ʽ й¶Ҵ˵ܣй¶
The witness spilled all the details about the suspect.
֤˽йɷֿ֮
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To run or fall out of a container or containment.
磬Χ
To come to the ground suddenly and involuntarily.
£ˤ£ͻȻػԸص
To pour out or spread beyond limits:
ӿ޶ȵעţ
Fans spilled onto the playing field.
Ƿ׷ӿ
n.ʣ
The act of spilling.
Ϊ
An amount spilled.

A fall, as from a horse.
ˤ£ˤ
A spillway.

?
Middle English spillen [to shed blood, to spill] 
йӢ spillen [ʹѪ] 
from Old English spillan [to kill] 
Դ Ӣ spillan [ɱ] 
?
spiller
n.ʣ
?
One is not supposed to cry over spilled milk,but at one time the wordspill  was associated with many tears. Old Englishspillan,  the ancestor of Modern Englishspill,  had meanings 
such as to destroy, mutilate, kill.The hints of its future life in connection with substances falling out of containers, often wastefully, were contained in the senses to waste and 
to shed blood.But many people, castles, and fortunes were spilled before people started spilling milk,at least judging from the recorded evidence.Spill  is first recorded in the 
sense to cause a substance to fall out of a container in a work composed in the 14th century.Since then, much water, milk, and gravy have been spilled,while most of the senses 
having to do with destruction and bloodshed have become obsolete or archaic.
Ŵ򷭵ţ̿޼µģspill ϵ Ӣﵥspillan  ִӢﵥspill ȣ 硰ƻɱ˼䡰˷ѡ
ʹѪĺʾŴʽͨ˷ʵĴ֮﷢ϵǿʼţ֮ǰѡɱٻǱ˷ѡ
ƸһٿԴӼ֤жϳSpill ¼˼ǡʹһһ һ14͵һСʱʱ
˴ˮţ̼֭Ѫϵй˼򶼳˹ʱ÷Ŵ÷
?
spill
spill 2
AHD:[sp1l] 
D.J.[sp!l]
K.K.[sp!l]
n.ʣ
A piece of wood or rolled paper used to light a fire.
ľƬֽľƬֽ
A small peg or rod, especially one used as a plug; a spile.
С˨Сˣָӣľ
?
Middle English spille 
йӢ spille 

= =
spin
spin
AHD:[sp1n] 
D.J.[sp!n]
K.K.[sp!n]
v.ʣ
spun[sp?n] spin.ning,spins 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw out and twist (fibers) into thread.
ģά
To form (thread or yarn) in this manner.
ַ֯ʽ߻ë
To form (a web or cocoon, for example) by extruding viscous filaments.
˿ͨ³ճϸ˿γɣ룩
To make or produce by or as if by drawing out and twisting.
˿ͨͨߵķ
To tell, especially imaginatively:
ָͨأ
spun tales for the children.
Ϊǽ
To prolong or extend:
ʹӳʹ죺
spin out a visit with an old friend.
ӳһѵķ
To cause to rotate swiftly; twirl.
ʹתŤת
To shape or manufacture by a twirling or rotating process.
ת죺Ťתתķλ
Slang To play (a phonograph record or records), especially as a disc jockey.
ٵ ţɫ¼ָֽ̨ĿΪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make thread or yarn by drawing out and twisting fibers.
ɴͨߵķάƳɴ
To extrude viscous filaments, forming a web or cocoon.
£˿룩³ѸӲճҺγ
To rotate rapidly; whirl.See Synonyms at turn 
תμ turn
To seem to be whirling, as from dizziness; reel:
ѣΣúתͷζ֮оת
My head spun after doing a cartwheel.
һַҾͷ͵
To ride or drive rapidly.
Ѹٵﳵ򿪳
To fish with a light rod, lure, and line and a reel with a stationary spool.
ˡ߼ʽն
n.ʣ
The act of spinning.
תΪ
A swift whirling motion.
ٵ˶
A state of mental confusion.
ѣΣһִԻҵ״̬
Informal A short drive in a vehicle:
ʽ ۣ
took a spin in the new car.
³
The flight condition of an aircraft in a nose-down, spiraling, stalled descent.
ָɻһֳ彵ת½ķ״̬
The distinctive complex of connotations or implications inherent in a point of view:
ʾһֹ۵ڵĺɫϣ
Dryden . . . was adept at putting spin on an apparently neutral recital of facts(Robert M. Adams)
ڼ׵ʵ(޲M.ǵ˹)
Distinctive character; style:
Ե
an innovative chef who puts a new spin on traditional fare.
һдĳʦڴͳʳƷ·
Slang Interpretation, especially of a politician's words, promulgated to sway public opinion.
ٵ ΪҹָһμҵķĻ
Physics 
ѧ 
The intrinsic angular momentum of a subatomic particle.Also called  spin angular momentum 
תԭӵǶҲ  spin angular momentum
The total angular momentum of an atomic nucleus.
ԭӺ˵ĽǶ֮ܺ
A quantum number expressing spin angular momentum.
ʾǶ
?
spin off
To derive (a company or product, for example) from something larger.
ָӸʵ繫˾Ʒ
spin out
To rotate out of control, as a skidding car leaving a roadway.
ʧأ򻬶·
?
spin (one's) wheelsʽ
To expend effort with no result.
ͽ
?
Middle English spinnen 
йӢ spinnen 
from Old English spinnan * see  (s)pen- 
Դ Ӣ spinnan *μ (s)pen- 

= =
spiral
spi.ral
AHD:[sporl] 
D.J.[6spa!*r*l]
K.K.[6spa!r*l]
n.ʣ
A curve on a plane that winds around a fixed center point at a continuously increasing or decreasing distance from the point.
ߣƽԶ򿿽һ̶ĵʱϻ
A three-dimensional curve that turns around an axis at a constant or continuously varying distance while moving parallel to the axis; a helix.
תʱγɵԵȾ򲻶ϱ仯֮תά
Something having the form of such a curve:
εĶ
a spiral of black smoke.
εĺ
Printing A spiral binding.
ӡˢ װ
The course or flight path of an object rotating on its longitudinal axis.
·ֱת·߻·
A continuously accelerating increase or decrease:
ϵؼ½
the wage-price spiral.
-۵
adj.ݴʣ
Of or resembling a spiral.
ߵģƵ
Circling around a center at a continuously increasing or decreasing distance.
ģһ𽥿ԶƵ
Coiling around an axis in a constantly changing series of planes; helical.
ģΧһ᲻ģε
Printing Relating to or having a spiral binding:
ӡˢ װģװйصģ
a spiral notebook.
λҳ
v.ʣ
spi.raled Ҳ spi.ralled spi.ral.ing spi.ral.ling spi.rals spi.rals  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take a spiral form or course.
ʽ·
To rise or fall with steady acceleration.
ƽȵؼ½
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to take a spiral form or course.
ʹʽ·
?
Medieval Latin spo3lis} [of a spiral] 
 spo3lis} [ߵģ] 
from Latin spoa [coil] * see  spire 2
Դ  spoa [Χ] *μ spire2
?
spirality
AHD:[spo-r2l1-t?] ʣ
spirally
adv.ʣ

= =
spirit
spir.it
AHD:[sp1r1t] 
D.J.[6sp!r!t]
K.K.[6sp!r!t]
n.ʣ
The vital principle or animating force within living beings.
Ҫ
Incorporeal consciousness.

The soul, considered as departing from the body of a person at death.
꣬Ϊʱ뿪˵
Spirit The Holy Spirit.
 Spirit 飬ʥ
Spirit Christian Science God.
 Spirit ̿ѧɡ ϵۣ
A supernatural being, as:
Ȼڣ磺
An angel or a demon.
ʹħ
A being inhabiting or embodying a particular place, object, or natural phenomenon.
飺ڻĳһطȻе
A fairy or sprite.
񻰻
The part of a human being associated with the mind, will, and feelings:
˼롢־йصಿ֣
Though unable to join us today, they are with us in spirit.
Ȼǽ첻ܼмھһ
The essential nature of a person or group.
һȺ˻һ˱ʵԸ
A person as characterized by a stated quality:
ضƷʵ
He is a proud spirit.
Ǹ
An inclination or a tendency of a specified kind:
һض̬Ȼ
Her actions show a generous spirit.
ΪֳĿ
A causative, activating, or essential principle:
ԭʹл
The couple's engagement was announced in a joyous spirit.
ڿֵ˵Ķ
spirits A mood or an emotional state:
 spirits ľ
The guests were in high spirits. His sour spirits put a damper on the gathering.
ǵ¶ܸߡʹۻɨ
A particular mood or an emotional state characterized by vigor and animation:
ԻΪصľ
sang with spirit.
߰س
Strong loyalty or dedication:
ҳϣģ
team spirit.

The predominant mood of an occasion or a period:
ضʱҪ
The spirit of 1776 is not dead(Thomas Jefferson)
1776ʱȻš(˹ܸѷ)
The actual though unstated sense or significance of something:
ûԵʵ壬ʵʣ
the spirit of the law.
ɵʵ
Often spirits (used with a sing. verb)An alcohol solution of an essential or volatile substance.
  spirits 뵥ãҾƣƣ㾫ʻ׻ӷʵľƾҺ
spirits An alcoholic beverage, especially distilled liquor.
 spirits ƾϣָǷ͵Ҿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spir.it.ed,spir.it.ing,spir.its 
To carry off mysteriously or secretly:
صػ͵͵شߣߣܣ
The documents had been spirited away.
ļ͵͵ش
To impart courage, animation, or determination to; inspirit.
ģʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French espirit 
Դ ŷ espirit 
from Latin spos [breath] 
Դ  spos [] 
from spo3re} [to breathe] 
Դ spo3re} [] 

= =
spiritual
spir.i.tu.al
AHD:[sp1r1-ch?-l] 
D.J.[6sp!r!t.u8*l]
K.K.[6sp!r!t.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, consisting of, or having the nature of spirit; not tangible or material.See Synonyms at immaterial 
ģϵģ뾫йصģɾɵģоʵģεģʵĲμ immaterial
Of, concerned with, or affecting the soul.
ģصģӰ
Of, from, or relating to God; deific.
ϵ۵ģϵ۵ģϵйصģ
Of or belonging to a church or religion; sacred.
̻ģڽ̻ģڽ̵ģʥ
Relating to or having the nature of spirits or a spirit; supernatural.
йصģʵģȻ
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A religious folk song of American Black origin.
ʥ裺ڽ
A work composed in imitation of such a song.
ģʥ
Often spirituals Religious, spiritual, or ecclesiastical matters.
  spirituals ڽڽ񣬾̻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French spirituel 
Դ ŷ spirituel 
from Latin spo3lis} [of breathing, spiritual] 
Դ  spo3lis} [ģ] 
from spos [breath] * see  spirit 
Դ spos [] *μ spirit
?
spiritually
adv.ʣ
spiritualness
n.ʣ

= =
spit
spit 1
AHD:[sp1t] 
D.J.[sp!t]
K.K.[sp!t]
n.ʣ
Saliva, especially when expectorated; spittle.
Һˮѣָ³ҺҺ
The act of expectorating.
ĭĭĶ
Something, such as the frothy secretion of spittle bugs, that resembles expectorated saliva.
ճҺĳЩĭ״ķ³Һ
A brief, scattered fall of rain or snow.
꣬ѩݡϡĽѩ
Informal The perfect likeness:
ʽ ƣ
He's the spit and image of his father.
˸
v.ʣ
spat[sp2t]   spit spit.ting,spits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To eject from the mouth:
³
spat out the watermelon seeds.
³
To eject as if from the mouth:

a fire spitting sparks.

To emit suddenly and forcefully:
ͻȻ˵̴ٶط
spat out an insult.
ͻȻڳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To eject matter from the mouth; expectorate.
³³壻³
To express contempt or animosity by or as if by ejecting matter from the mouth.
ڳͨԱʾߺ
To make a hissing or sputtering noise.
˻˻򷢱
To rain or snow in light, scattered drops or flakes.
ϸ꣬СѩϡλѩƬ
?
spit up
To vomit.
Ż
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from spitten [to spit] 
Դ spitten [³] 
from Old English spittan 
Դ Ӣ spittan 
[ultimately of imitative origin] 
[ģԴ] 
?
spit
spit 2
AHD:[sp1t] 
D.J.[sp!t]
K.K.[sp!t]
n.ʣ
A slender, pointed rod on which meat is impaled for broiling.
棬˲棺һϸļ⴩տ
A narrow point of land extending into a body of water.
Ͽǣ쵽ˮе½صһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spit.ted,spit.ting,spits 
To impale on or as if on a spit.
˲סû˲ס
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English spitu 
Դ Ӣ spitu 

= =
splash
splash
AHD:[spl2sh] 
D.J.[spl#.]
K.K.[spl#.]
v.ʣ
splashed,splash.ing,splash.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To propel or scatter (a fluid) about in flying masses.
ãԷɽƶɢҺ壩
To scatter fluid onto in flying masses; wet, stain, or soil with flying fluid.
ۣԷɽɢҺ壻ԷɽҺŪʪۻŪ
To cause (something) to scatter fluid in flying masses:
ʹĴɽԷɽĳɢҺ壺
splashed their hands in the water.
ˮｦˮ
To make (one's way) with or by scattering of fluid.
ˮǰУͨýҺǰ
To apply patches or spots of a contrasting, usually bright, color to:
ʹ߲ʹɰ߲״״ͨи֮ɫ
a floral pattern that was splashed with pink; moonlight splashing the deserted courtyard.
ۺɫ߲ĻտԺɫ߲
To display or publicize very noticeably:
չʾλǣ
Their engagement was splashed all over the tabloids.
ǵ¼չʾС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cause a fluid to scatter in flying masses:
ʹҺɽ
splashed about in the swimming pool.
ӾˮĽ
To fall into or move through fluid with this effect:
»˶
We splashed through the waves.
̤˶
To move, spill, or fly about in scattered masses:
ĽĴɢ̬ƶý򽦣
Whipped cream splashed onto the counter.
ı̨ܽ
To produce a sound or sight associated with this effect.
ĴýҺɽЧӦͼ
n.ʣ
The act or sound of splashing:
ýý
went for a splash in the lake; heard the splash of the fish being thrown back.
Ϸˮ㱻ӻصĽˮɽҺ
A flying mass of fluid.
ɽҺ
A small amount, especially of a fluid:
ָҺ壺
a splash of liqueur on the cake.
ϵ
A marking produced by or as if by scattered fluid:
ɢͼɢҺ·ɢҺı־ͼʾ
a splash of light.

A great though often short-lived impression; a stir:
ǿӡ˲ʱȻȴǽӰӡɧ
a publicity splash.
ǿҵĹӡ
?
splash down
To land in water. Used of a spacecraft or missile.
ˮСڷ򵼵
?
Probably alteration of plash 
Ϊ plashı仯
?
splasher
n.ʣ

= =
splendid
splen.did
AHD:[splnd1d] 
D.J.[6splend!d]
K.K.[6splWnd!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Brilliant with light or color; radiant:
ģҫģڵƹɫʶԵѤʣģ
a splendid field of poppies.
Ѥ˵һƬڻ
Imposing by reason of showiness or grandeur; magnificent:
׳۵ģģΪʮûʶ̵ӡ׳۵ģ
splendid costumes.
ķ
Admired by many; illustrious:
ΪƳģܳģ
splendid achievements.
Ի͵ĳɾ
Admirable for boldness or purity; surpassing:
׿ԽģΪ¸ҴΪ˳̵ľȽˮƽ
splendid character.
Ʒ
Very good or satisfying; praiseworthy:
õĻģֵģ
a splendid performance in the examinations.
ڿбֵ൱
?
Latin splendidus 
 splendidus 
from splend?e [to shine] 
Դ splend?e [ҫ] 
?
splendidly
adv.ʣ
splendidness
n.ʣ

= =
split
split
AHD:[spl1t] 
D.J.[spl!t]
K.K.[spl!t]
v.ʣ
split,split.ting,splits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To divide from end to end or along the grain by or as if by a sharp blow.See Synonyms at tear 1
пһ˵һ˷ֿ߷ֿԷһμ tear1
To break, burst, or rip apart with force; rend.See Synonyms at break 
˺˺μ break
To affect with force in a way that suggests tearing apart:
һֱֿķʽã
A lightning bolt split the night sky.
һ绮ҹ
To separate (people or groups, for example); disunite.
ѣȺ飩ֿʹŽ
To divide and share:
ֿͷ
split a dessert.

To divide, as for convenience or proper ordering:
֣Ϊ˷ͺʵĴ֣
split the project up into stages.
Ļֳɲͬ׶
To separate (leather, for example) into layers.
ѣƤֲ
To mark (a vote or ballot) in favor of candidates from different parties.
Ͷ޳ƱԲͬɺѡ˶ͶͬƱ
To divide (stock) by issuing multiples of the existing stock with a corresponding reduction in the price of each share, so that the total value of the stock is unchanged.
ָɷݣͨѣƱÿɼ۸񽵵ͣӶʹִƱĿķʽָƱɷֵܼ
Sports To win half the games of (a series or double-header).
˶ ƽ֣Ӯ˰ʤߣ
Slang To depart from; leave:
ٵ 뿪ȥ
They split Miami when the hurricane was forecast.
Ԥ֪絽ʱ뿪
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become separated into parts, especially to undergo lengthwise division.
ֳɼ֣رݳֿ
To become broken or ripped apart, especially from internal pressure.
˺رָڲѹ
To become or admit of being divided:
ֿϱֿ
Let's split up into teams. This poem doesn't split up into stanzas very well.
ǷֳС顣ʫֽڷֵò
Informal To become divided or part company as a result of discord or disagreement:
ʽ 룺ΪûдһµĽֿ
She split with the regular party organization. They split up after a year of marriage.
͵֯Ͼϵǽһ
To divide or share something with others.
ͬ˷ֵĳ
Slang To depart; leave:
ٵ 뿪ߣ
All the older kids have split to go dancing.
нϴĺӶ뿪ȥ
n.ʣ
The act of splitting or the result of it.

A breach or rupture in a group.
ѻ
A splinter.
Ƭ
Something divided and portioned out; a share.
һݣݶֿĶһ
A strip of flexible wood used for making baskets.
֯ӵʿϸľ
A bottle of an alcoholic or carbonated beverage half the usual size.
СƿƣСƿ̼ϣ뱭ƣ뱭̼
A drink of half the usual quantity.
ͨһ
A half pint.
Ʒ
A dessert of sliced fruit, ice cream, and toppings.
ʢбܡ͡ˮʳ
Often splits Sports An acrobatic feat in which the legs are stretched out straight in opposite directions at right angles to the trunk.
  splits ˶ 棺һӼ෴ķ쿪ֱ
Sports An arrangement of bowling pins left standing after a bowl, in which two or more pins remain standing with one or more pins between them knocked down.
˶ عһʣµĲƣһ֮
A single thickness of a split hide.
Ƥһ㱻µƤĺ
adj.ݴʣ
Having been divided or separated.
ѱֿģ
Fissured longitudinally; cleft.
ѷ죻ѿ
Quoted in 16ths rather than in 8ths. Used of stocks.
1/81/16㱨ۡڹƱ
Having been split. Used of stocks.
ġڹƱ
?
split hairs
To see or make trivial distinctions; quibble.
ֻҳϸ΢Ĳ
?
Dutch splitten 
 splitten 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
splitter
n.ʣ
?
Split
Split
AHD:[spl1t] 
D.J.[spl!t]
K.K.[spl!t]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of western Yugoslavia on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. Founded as a Roman colony, it later grew around a palace built by Diocletian in the early fourth centurya.d.  
Population, 193,600. 
˹أ˹УλڰٺĵĪɭֳ߽ڹԪ 4ڴȣʵۣΧɹ˿193,600 

= =
spoil
spoil
AHD:[spoil] 
D.J.[sp%!l]
K.K.[sp%!l]
v.ʣ
spoiled  spoilt [spoilt] spoil.ing,spoils 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To impair the value or quality of.See Synonyms at injure 
𻵣ĳļֵμ injure
To damage irreparably; ruin.
ٵٻ޲ĵزݻ
To impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously:
𺦣ƻԡԼУ𺦣
spoiled the party.
ƻ˾ۻ
To do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise.See Synonyms at pamper 
軵簮ڹġ۰ıĳ˵ԸԻ̬Ȳμ pamper
Archaic 
 
To plunder; despoil.
٣
To take by force.
ǿȡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become unfit for use or consumption, as from decay. Used especially of perishables, such as food.See Synonyms at decay 
ʣ仵òʺʹûѣöáرڿɱʵ壬ʳƷȲμ decay
To pillage.

n.ʣ
spoils 
 spoils 
Goods or property seized from a victim after a conflict, especially after a military victory.
սƷӶսսȡƲָʤ
Incidental benefits reaped by a winner, especially political patronage enjoyed by a successful party or candidate.
ѡʤõĺôӮõ棬ָ汻Ӯһɻѡ
An object of plunder; prey.
֮
Refuse material removed from an excavation.
ھŪķ
Archaic The act of plundering; spoliation.
 Ϊ
?
spoil for
To be eager for:
һ룺
spoiling for a fight.
һ
?
Middle English spoilen [to plunder] 
йӢ spoilen [] 
from Old French espoillier 
Դ ŷ espoillier 
from Latin spoli3e 
Դ  spoli3e 
from spolium [booty] 
Դ spolium [] 

= =
spokesman
spokes.man
AHD:[sp?ksmn] 
D.J.[6sp*&ksm*n]
K.K.[6spoksm*n]
n.ʣ
A man who speaks on behalf of another or others.See Usage Note at man 
˻Ů˲μ man
?
Probably spoke [past participle of] speak 
Ϊ spoke  [] speakĹȥִ
man 
man

= =
sponge
sponge
AHD:[sp?nj] 
D.J.[spJnd9]
K.K.[spJnd9]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous aquatic, chiefly marine invertebrate animals of the phylum Porifera, characteristically having a porous skeleton composed of fibrous material or siliceous or 
calcareous spicules and often forming irregularly shaped colonies attached to an underwater surface.
ࣺһˮܵĺٵ޼׵ǾͬάʻʻƵ״ɵĶǼܣͨγɲĴشԣں׵
The light, fibrous, flexible, absorbent skeleton of certain of these organisms, used for bathing, cleaning, and other purposes.
壺ġάʵġԵġһֽ֯ṹϴ衢Ŀ
Porous plastics, rubber, cellulose, or other material, similar in absorbency to this skeleton and used for the same purposes.
캣ࣺ׵ϡ𽺡άʻʣ뺣ͬ;
A gauze pad used to absorb blood and other fluids, as in surgery or the dressing of a wound.
ɴѪ͸ɴ飬ƺͰ˿
A small absorbent contraceptive pad that contains a spermicide and is placed against the cervix of the uterus before sexual intercourse.
ɱףɱıףԽǰӹ
Dough that has been or is being leavened.
Żڷ͵
A light cake, such as sponge cake.
һĸ㣬纣൰
A sponge bath.
úϴ
One who habitually depends on others for one's own maintenance.
ߣΪԼϰ˵
Informal A glutton.
ʽ ̰
Slang A drunkard.
ٵ ֮
v.ʣ
sponged,spong.ing,spong.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To moisten, wipe, or clean with or as if with a sponge:
ãûúʹɾ
sponge off the table.
ú
To wipe out; erase.
ȥ
To absorb with or as if with a sponge:
գûúգ
sponge up the mess.
ۼ
Informal To obtain free:
ʽ ɣ
sponge a meal.
һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fish for sponges.
ùȡ
Informal To live by relying on the generosity of others:
ʽ ˿ˣ
sponged off her parents.
ĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin spongia 
Դ  spongia 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from spongos 
Դ spongos 

= =
sponsor
spon.sor
AHD:[sp?nsr] 
D.J.[6spKns*]
K.K.[6sp$ns+]
n.ʣ
One who assumes responsibility for another person or a group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, or probation.
ߣߣڿʼĳѧͽϵʱеλһε
One who vouches for the suitability of a candidate for admission.
ߣָ֤ѡ˻ŵ
A legislator who proposes and urges adoption of a bill.
ߣ᰸ˣʹʹ鰸ɵ
One who presents a candidate for baptism or confirmation; a godparent.
Ԯ̸֯ѡϴȷɹ֯̸
One that finances a project or an event carried out by another person or group, especially a business enterprise that pays for radio or television programming in return for advertising 
time.
ߣԽǮʽ˻ĿˣָҵҵΪӮùʱĻرΪ̨ӽĿ֧Ļ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spon.sored,spon.sor.ing,spon.sors 
To act as a sponsor for.

?
Late Latin sp?r [sponsor in baptism] 
 sp?r [ϴ] 
from Latin [surety] 
Դ  [֤] 
from sp?s [past participle of] spond?re [to pledge] * see  spend- 
Դ sp?s  [] spond?reĹȥִ [] *μ spend- 
?
sponsorial
AHD:[-s?r?-l, -s?r-] ݴʣ
sponsorship
n.ʣ

= =
spontaneous
spon.ta.ne.ous
AHD:[sp?n-t3n?-s] 
D.J.[spKn6te!ni8*s]
K.K.[sp$n6teni*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Happening or arising without apparent external cause; self-generated.
ȻģȻշģɵ
Arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint.
ڳ嶯ģȻ嶯ҷⲿ̼ǿƶ
Unconstrained and unstudied in manner or behavior.
ԼģѧϰģǱΪԼѧϰ
Growing without cultivation or human labor; indigenous.
ȻģøͶģ
?
From Late Latin spont3s [of one's own accord] 
Դ  spont3s [Լԭ] 
from Latin sponte * see  (s)pen- 
Դ  sponte *μ (s)pen- 
?
spontaneously
adv.ʣ
spontaneousness
n.ʣ
?
spontaneous,impulsive,instinctive,involuntary,automatic
These adjectives mean acting, reacting, or happening without apparent forethought, prompting, or planning.
Щݴʵ˼ûȻǰǡƶͼƻжӦ
 Spontaneous   applies to what arises naturally rather than resulting from external constraint or stimulus: 
 Spontaneous  ָȻⲿǿƻ̼Ľ 
The two suddenly embraced in a spontaneous gesture of affection.
򰮶ͻȻԷӵһ
The highest and best form of efficiency is the spontaneous cooperation of a free people  (Woodrow Wilson).
 ЧʵߺõʽɵЭ  ޡɭ
 Impulsive   refers to the operation of a sudden urge or feeling not governed by reason: 
 Impulsive  ָĳԭĳ嶯еã 
Letting her friend borrow her car was an impulsive act that she immediately regretted.
ѽĳ̾͸еڵĳ嶯Ϊ
Instinctive   implies behavior prompted by instinct as a natural consequence of membership in a species: 
Instinctive  ζɱܶΪĳһԱȻ 
Nor is head-hunting, body-snatching, or killing for food instinctive or natural  (Bronislaw Malinowski).The term also applies to what reflects or comes about as a result of a natural 
inclination or innate impulse: 
 ȲΪͷΪ壬ҲǱܵػȻΪʳɱ  ˹ޡŵ˹ҲӦΪһȻڳ嶯ĺ 
Offering to help the accident victims seems as instinctive as breathing.
ߵİһڱܡ
Involuntary   refers to what is not subject to the control of the will: 
Involuntary  ָ־ƵĶ 
It [becoming a hero] was involuntary. They sank my boat   (John F. Kennedy).
 Ըأ۳ΪһӢۣ ´  ԼFϣ
 Automatic   suggests the unthinking, unfeeling functioning of a machine;it implies an unvarying mechanical response or reaction: 
 Automatic  ָ˼ģûиоĻУζһûб仯ĻеӦ죺 
She accepted the subpoena with an automatic thank you. 
˴Ʊ˵лл㡱 

= =
spoon
spoon
AHD:[sp?n] 
D.J.[spu8n]
K.K.[spun]
n.ʣ
A utensil consisting of a small, shallow bowl on a handle, used in preparing, serving, or eating food.
ףڱϵСǳ״ɵߣ׼ƻʳʱʹ
Something similar to this utensil or its bowl, as:
״״Ķ磺
A shiny, curved, metallic fishing lure.
ӣһġĽƵ
A paddle or an oar with a curved blade.
νнϿҶƬĽ״
Sports The three wood golf club.
˶ ľ߶
v.ʣ
spooned,spoon.ing,spoons 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lift, scoop up, or carry with or as if with a spoon.
óҨҨȡ̧ߣҨЯóҨ
Sports Games To shove or scoop (a ball) into the air.
˶ Ϸ ϻ׻ڵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fish with a spoon lure.
óμٶ
Sports Games To give a ball an upward scoop.
˶ Ϸ 
Informal To engage in amorous behavior, such as kissing or caressing.
ʽ ȶǺ͸
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sp?n [chip of wood] 
Դ Ӣ sp?n [ľƬ] 
?
spoonable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
sport
sport
AHD:[sp?rt, sp?rt] 
D.J.[sp%8t, sp*&rt]
K.K.[sp%rt, sport]
n.ʣ
An activity involving physical exertion and skill that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often undertaken competitively.
˶һ漰ͼɵһ׹ϰԼĻͨо
An active pastime; recreation.
Ϸ֣Ծǲ
Mockery; jest:
Ц
He made sport of his own looks.
ԼòЦ
An object of mockery, jest, or play:
ŪĶ󣬳ŪĶЦ
treated our interests as sport.
ǵȤЦ
A joking mood or attitude:
Ц̬ȣ
She made the remark in sport.
Ц
One known for the manner of one's acceptance of rules, especially of a game, or of a difficult situation:
ȵˣڽܹ龳߱ķȶˣرϷУ
a poor sport.
һȵ
Informal One who accepts rules or difficult situations well.
ʽ ߣܺõؽܹӦ֮
Informal A pleasant companion:
ʽ ֿԣĻ飺
was a real sport during the trip.
ڼϲĻ
Informal 
ʽ 
A person who lives a jolly, extravagant life.
ߣˣݳ
A gambler at sporting events.
ͽ֮
Biology An organism that shows a marked change from the normal type or parent stock, typically as a result of mutation.
ѧ ͻ壺ʾĸԭ״仯л壬͵ǳ֮Ľ
Maine See  summercater See Regional Note at summercater 
ݡ μ  summercaterμ summercater
Obsolete Amorous dalliance; lovemaking.
 Ϸ
v.ʣ
sport.ed,sport.ing,sports 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play or frolic.
ˣϷ
To joke or trifle.
ŪЦȤ
Biology To mutate.
ѧ ֣ѿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To display or show off:
ҫչʾҫעĿش
His shoes sported elevated heels(Truman Capote)
עĿشŸ߸Ь(³š)
adj.or ݴʣ  
sports
Of, relating to, or appropriate for sports:
˶ģ˶ػ˶ģ
sport fishing; sports equipment.
˶˶豸
Designed or appropriate for outdoor or informal wear:
еģ˶ģرƵĻڻʽĴţ
a sport shirt.
˶
?
Middle English sporte 
йӢ sporte 
short for disporte 
 disporteļд 
from Old French desport [pleasure] 
Դ ŷ desport [] 
from desporter [to divert] * see  disport 
Դ desporter [] *μ disport
?
sportful
adj.ݴʣ
sportfully
adv.ʣ
sportfulness
n.ʣ

= =
sportsman
sports.man
AHD:[sp?rtsmn, sp?rts-] 
D.J.[6sp%8tsm*n, 6sp*&rts-]
K.K.[6sp%rtsm*n, 6sports-]
n.ʣ
A man who is active in sports.
˶ˣ˶ԱԾ֮
A person whose conduct and attitude exhibit sportsmanship.
˶س˶Ʒ֮
?
sportsmanlike  
sportsmanly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
spot
spot
AHD:[sp?t] 
D.J.[spKt]
K.K.[sp$t]
n.ʣ
A place of relatively small and definite limits.
СȷƵĵص
A mark on a surface differing sharply in color from its surroundings.
ߵ㣺ڱıɫ
A stain or blot.
գ۵
Games 
Ϸ 
A mark or pip on a playing card; a spade, club, diamond, or heart.
ֽϵĵӻǣҡ÷Ƭ
A playing card with a specified number of such marks on it indicating its value.
ֽ֣Ͼض־ʾֵֽ
Informal A piece of paper money worth a specified number of dollars.
ʽ ضֵ
A location; a locale.
λãص
A point of interest:
ʤ۹㣺
There are a lot of spots to visit in the old city.
ųɹι۵ʤ
A position or an item in an ordered arrangement.
λλãһضеλûĿ
Informal A situation, especially a troublesome one.
ʽ ƣָ
A flaw in one's reputation or character.
˸ģ۵㣺Ը
A short presentation or commercial on television or radio between major programs:
岥棺岥ҪĿڵӻ̨ϵҵԹĿСݳ
a news spot.
ŽĿ
Informal A spotlight.
ʽ ۹
pl. spot or spots  A small croaker(Leiostomus xanthurus)  of North American Atlantic waters, having a dark mark above each pectoral fin and valued as a food and sport fish. 
 spot  spots  ͷ룺һֲڱ޴ˮϷһߵ񣨰ͷ룩 ϴкɫƣûѵ 
Chiefly British A small amount; a bit.
Ӣ 
v.ʣ
spot.ted,spot.ting,spots 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause a spot or spots to appear on, especially:
ʹջջʹճ֣رָ
To soil with spots.
Ū
To decorate with spots; dot.
õװΣС
To harm; besmirch.
˺
To place in a particular location; situate precisely.
ãѡضλϣȷط
To detect or discern, especially visually; spy.
ϣϳϻϳرָ۾
To remove spots from, as in a laundry.
ȥۼۼȥ
Sports To yield a favorable scoring margin to:
˶ ʤ֣
spotted their opponents 11 points.
ʤ11
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become marked with spots.
մ
To cause a discoloration or make a stain.

To locate targets from the air during combat or training missions.
죺սлѵдӿ̽Ŀλ
adj.ݴʣ
Made, paid, or delivered immediately:
ƶ֧ͣ
a spot sale.
ʱ
Of, relating to, or being a market in which payment or delivery is immediate:
ֳ׵ģʱĻָģ׵ȵʱֽ֧гصĻгģڴгֽ֧ͽʱУ
the spot market in oil.
ʯ͵ֳг
Involving random or selective instances or actions:
ģѡ¼Ϊ
a spot investigation.

Presented between major radio or television programs:
岥ģ㲥ӽĿ岥ģ
a spot announcement.
岥
?
in spots
Now and then; here and there; occasionally.
ʱż
on the spot
Without delay; at once.
̣
At the scene of action.
ֳ
Under pressure or attention; in a pressed position.
ѹģע»ѹ£ѹλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
spottable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
spouse
spouse
AHD:[spous, spouz] 
D.J.[spa&s, spa&z]
K.K.[spa&s, spa&z]
n.ʣ
A marriage partner; a husband or wife.
żİ£ɷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
spoused,spous.ing,spous.es[spouz, spous]   
To marry; wed.
飻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French spous 
Դ ŷ spous 
from Latin sp?s [from past participle of] spond?re [to pledge] * see  spend- 
Դ  sp?s  [] Դspond?reĹȥִ [] *μ spend- 

= =
spray
spray 1
AHD:[spr3] 
D.J.[spre!]
K.K.[spre]
n.ʣ
Water or other liquid moving in a mass of dispersed droplets, as from a wave.
˻ˮԴƬɢСˮ˶ˮҺ壬ͷ
A fine jet of liquid discharged from a pressurized container.
һѹϸ
A pressurized container; an atomizer.
ѹ
Any of numerous commercial products, including paints, cosmetics, and insecticides, that are dispensed from containers in this manner.
ʽƷһҵƷ֬ۡױƷɱȣַʽз
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
spray paint; a spray can.
᣻
v.ʣ
sprayed,spray.ing,sprays 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To disperse (a liquid) in a mass or jet of droplets.
磺ԴƬСҺηҺ
To apply a spray to (a surface).
Һڣ棩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To discharge sprays of liquid.
ɢҺ
To move in the form of a spray.
ˮʽ˶
?
From obsolete spray [to sprinkle] 
Դ  spray [] 
from Middle Dutch sprayen 
Դ йź sprayen 
?
sprayer
n.ʣ
?
spray
spray 2
AHD:[spr3] 
D.J.[spre!]
K.K.[spre]
n.ʣ
A small branch bearing buds, flowers, or berries.
С֦С֦ѿС֦
Something, such as a decorative motif, that resembles such a branch.
֦״װԵĻߣС֦ƵƷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English *spr?g 
Դ Ӣ *spr?g 

= =
spread
spread
AHD:[sprd] 
D.J.[spred]
K.K.[sprWd]
v.ʣ
spread,spread.ing,spreads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To open to a fuller extent or width; stretch:
չ̿쿪
spread out the tablecloth; a bird spreading its wings.
չ
To make wider the gap between; move farther apart:
룺ʹ֮϶ƶøԶ
spread her fingers.
ſָ
To distribute over a surface in a layer:
ʩڡһ㣺
spread varnish on the steps.
̨Ϳ
To cover with a layer:
һ㣺
spread a cracker with butter.
ڱͿһ
To distribute widely:
㷺ɢ
The tornado spread destruction.
ɵƻӿ
To make a wide or extensive arrangement of:
ʹΧ㷺ط̯
We spread the bicycle parts out on the floor.
ǽг̯
To exhibit or display the full extent of:
ȫسлչʾ
the scene that was spread before us.
չǰ龰
To cause to become widely seen or known; scatter or disseminate:
ʹ㷺֪ɢռ
spread the news; spread the beam of the flashlight.
Ϣ¶ֵ΢
To prepare (a table) for eating; set.
׼ӣԷں
To arrange (food or a meal) on a table.
ѣˣڲ
To flatten (a rivet end, for example) by pounding.
ƽíͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be extended or enlarged.

To become distributed or widely dispersed.
ɢ㷺ɢ
To increase in range of occurrence; become known or prevalent over a wide area:
¼Χڸ֪ӣ
The word spread fast.
Ϣɢúܿ
To be exhibited, displayed, or visible in broad or full extent:
չʾ֣ȫĿɼ
the vista spread seemingly to infinity.
ɫƺ쵽Զ
To become or admit of being distributed in a layer.
һֿɢ
To become separated; be forced farther apart.
ɢָ
n.ʣ
The act of spreading.
չĶ
Dissemination, as of news; diffusion.
ɢϢĴɢ
An open area of land; an expanse.
򣻷Ա
A ranch, a farm, or an estate.

The extent or limit to which something is or can be spread; range.
չԣΧĳչܱչļޣΧ
A cloth covering for a bed, table, or other piece of furniture.
ӡҾõĲ
Informal An abundant meal laid out on a table.
ʽ ϰڵķʢķ
A food to be spread on bread or crackers.
Ϳϵʳ
Two facing pages of a magazine or newspaper, often with related matter extending across the fold.
־ֽ۵ҳصݺ
A story or advertisement running across two or more columns of a magazine or newspaper.
ֽ־Ͽ»
A difference, as between two figures or totals.
֮Ĳ
A position taken in two or more options or futures contracts in order to profit from a change in their relative prices.
㣺ѡδͬøıصļ۸Ӯĵ
The difference between the price asked and bid for a particular security.
ض֤ȯ֮
?
Middle English spreden 
йӢ spreden 
from Old English -spr?n * see  sper- 
Դ Ӣ -spr?n *μ sper- 
as in t??den} [to spread out] 
 t??den} [չ] 
?
spreadability
n.ʣ
spreadable
adj.ݴʣ
spreadably
adv.ʣ

= =
spring
spring
AHD:[spr1ng] 
D.J.[spr!0]
K.K.[spr!0]
v.ʣ
sprang[spr2ng]   sprung [spr?ng] sprung,spring.ing,springs 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move upward or forward in a single quick motion or a series of such motions; leap.
ԾһֺܿĶһϵеĶϻǰ˶Ծ
To move suddenly on or as if on a spring:
ͻȻıƣͻȻƶڵһ
The door sprang shut. The emergency room team sprang into action.
ͻȻϡСж
To appear or come into being quickly:
ֻܿγɣ
New businesses were springing up rapidly.
ҵѸӿ
To issue or emerge suddenly:
ͻȻ֣
A cry sprang from her lips. A thought springs to mind.
ͻȻһСһ뷨ͻȻԺ
To extend or curve upward, as an arch.
𹰣繰νṹ
To arise from a source; develop.See Synonyms at stem 1
ԴԴչμ stem1
To become warped, split, or cracked. Used of wood.
ѿѿľ
To move out of place; come loose, as parts of a mechanism.
λɶƶλãɣе
Slang To pay another's expenses:
ٵ ʣͣһ˸ˣ
He said he would spring for the dinner.
˵Ҫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to leap, dart, or come forth suddenly.
ͻȻɱ
To jump over; vault.
Ծ
To release from a checked or inoperative position; actuate:
ͷţӱƻֹλͷţʹԾ
spring a trap.
ſȦ
To cause to warp, split, or crack, as a mast.
ʹѡѻ Φ
To bend by force.
Ū
To present or disclose unexpectedly or suddenly:
ͻȻϻͻȻ¶
He sprung on the world this novel approach to political journalism(Curtis Wilkie)
ͻȻⲿС˵ȡŵַ(µ˹)
Slang To cause to be released from prison or other confinement.
ٵ лƱ
n.Abbr. spr.ʣд spr.
An elastic device, such as a coil of wire, that regains its original shape after being compressed or extended.
ɷװܼѹźָܻԭλãȦ
An actuating force or factor; a motive.
أ
Elasticity; resilience.

Energetic bounce:
澫
a spring to one's step.
Ĳ
The act or an instance of jumping or leaping.
ԾԾĶ
A usually rapid return to normal shape after removal of stress; recoil.
ѹܻ֮ͨصԭ״
A small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.
СϪȻشӵСϪ
A source, an origin, or a beginning.
ԴȪԴͷ
The season of the year, occurring between winter and summer, during which the weather becomes warmer and plants revive, extending in the Northern Hemisphere from the vernal 
equinox to the summer solstice and popularly considered to comprise March, April, and May.
һڶ֮һڣʱůֲ﷢ѿӴֵڱΪһΪӦġ
A time of growth and renewal.
͸ʱ
A warping, bending, or cracking, as that caused by excessive force.
ѿѿǿ
Architecture The point at which an arch or a vault rises from its support.
ѧ 𹰵㣺γɹ򻡲ԴΪ֧ŵĵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or acting like a spring; resilient.
ɵģеԵģɵĻ󵯻ɵģеԵ
Having or supported by springs:
еɻ򱻵֧ŵģ
a spring mattress.
ɵ
Of, having to do with, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of spring:
ģģ봺ģڴģ
spring showers; spring planting.
ԡֲ
Grown during the season of spring:
ģ
spring crops.

?
Middle English springen 
йӢ springen 
from Old English springan 
Դ Ӣ springan 
N., Middle English springe 
ʣ йӢ springe 
from Old English spring [wellspring] 
Դ Ӣ spring [ԴȪ] 

= =
springtime
spring.time
AHD:[spr1ngtom] 
D.J.[6spr!07ta!m]
K.K.[6spr!07ta!m]
n.ʣ
The season of spring.
죬

= =
sprinkle
sprin.kle
AHD:[spr1ngkl] 
D.J.[6spr!0k*l]
K.K.[6spr!0k*l]
v.ʣ
sprin.kled,sprin.kling,sprin.kles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To scatter in drops or particles:
ˮ״ɢ䣺
sprinkled sugar on the cereal.
״
To scatter drops or particles on.
Һڡ
To intersperse with something as if by scattering:
׺ͨ·ͨ׺
sprinkled his speech with quotations.
֤׺ݽ
To distribute or intersperse at random.
䣺ǵֲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To scatter something in drops or particles.
ˮλ״ķʽɢ
To fall or rain in small or infrequent drops.
£Сˮ»
n.ʣ
The act of sprinkling.
Ķ
A light rainfall.
ϡС
A small amount; a sprinkling.
ϡϡ
sprinkles Small particles of candy sprinkled on ice cream as a topping.
 sprinkles ΪʳƷڱ
?
Middle English sprenklen 
йӢ sprenklen 
[perhaps of Middle Dutch or Middle Low German origin] 
[Դںв¹б] 

= =
spur
spur
AHD:[sp?r] 
D.J.[spT8]
K.K.[spP]
n.ʣ
A short spike or spiked wheel that attaches to the heel of a rider's boot and is used to urge a horse forward.
̣ѥ̣ѥϵĶ̴̵̻֣
Something that serves as a goad or an incentive.
̼޲ߣ䵱̼̼Ķ
A spurlike attachment or projection, as:
ͻ״ĸ͹磺
A spinelike process on the leg of some birds.
ࣺϵ״ͻ
A climbing iron; a crampon.

A gaff attached to the leg of a gamecock.
˩
A short or stunted branch of a tree.
֦ľĶ֦֦
A bony outgrowth or protuberance.
Ǵ̣ͷĳͻ
A lateral ridge projecting from a mountain or mountain range.
ɽ죬£ɽӣɽɽͻĲ༹
An oblique reinforcing prop or stay of timber or masonry.
֧֧գľĻשʯб֧
Botany A tubular or saclike extension of the corolla or calyx of a flower, as in a columbine or larkspur.
ֲѧ ࣺڻĹ״Һ״죬ﶷ˻
An ergot growing on rye.
ǲںϵǲ
A spur track.
֧
v.ʣ
spurred,spur.ring,spurs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs.
̲ߣǰ
To incite or stimulate:
̼޲ߣ
A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment(New York Times)
Ҫüҵ˰İ취̼ҵͶʡ(ŦԼʱ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To ride quickly by spurring a horse.
ɱ
To proceed in haste.
ǰ
?
Middle English spure 
йӢ spure 
from Old English spura * see  sper- 
Դ Ӣ spura *μ sper- 

= =
spy
spy
AHD:[spo] 
D.J.[spa!]
K.K.[spa!]
n.ʣ
 spies[spoz]  
An agent employed by a state to obtain secret information, especially of a military nature, concerning its potential or actual enemies.
ܹһҵļרѼǱڻʵʵ˵ϢرǾ
One employed by a company to obtain confidential information about its competitors.
ܹ̽ڹ˾ȡϢ
One who secretly keeps watch on another or others.
ܼӱ˵
An act of spying.
Ϊ
v.ʣ
spied[spod] spy.ing,spies[spoz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To observe secretly with hostile intent.
Եܼ
To discover by close observation.
ͨϸ۲
To catch sight of:

spied the ship on the horizon.
ֵƽϵĴֻ
To investigate intensively.
ĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in espionage.
¼
To seek or observe something secretly and closely.
мӣϸѰһ۲ĳ
To make a careful investigation:
죺
spying into other people's activities.
̽˵
?
Middle English spie 
йӢ spie 
from Old French espie 
Դ ŷ espie 
from espier [to watch] 
Դ espier [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  spek- 
[Դն] *μ spek- 

= =
square
square
AHD:[skwar] 
D.J.[skwe*]
K.K.[skwWr]
n.Abbr. sq.ʣд sq.
A plane figure having four equal sides.
Σȵƽı
Something having an equal-sided rectangular form:
б߳ȵı״壺
a square of cloth.
һ鷽
A T-shaped or L-shaped instrument for drawing or testing right angles.
ֱǳߣһTλL״߼ֱǵĹ
Mathematics The product obtained when a number or quantity is multiplied by itself.
ѧ ƽһԼ֮õĻ
Games Any of the quadrilateral spaces on a board, as in chess.
Ϸ ΣУϵθ
An open, usually four-sided area at the intersection of two or more streets, often planted with grass and trees for use as a park.
λ߸ֵڵһֿŵģͨıߵֲľڹ԰װ
A rectangular space enclosed by streets and occupied by buildings; a block.
ֵΧ߱ռݵķε򣻷
Slang A person who is regarded as dull, rigidly conventional, and out of touch with current trends.
ٵ ͳصˣΪǹŰؾɣ䴫ͳҲʱе
adj.ݴʣ
squar.er,squar.est 
Having four equal sides and four right angles.
εģȱߺĸֱǵ
Forming a right angle.
γһֱǵ
Expressed in units measuring area:
ƽģ
square feet.
ƽӢ
Having a specified length in each of two equal dimensions.
ƽģÿһһضȵ
Nautical Set at right angles to the mast and keel. Used of the yards of a square-rigged ship.
 Φ˺ʹǳֱǵġںᷫķ
Approximately rectangular and equilateral in cross section:
εģ³ɾβཻȱߵģ
a square house.
һ
Characterized by blocklike solidity or sturdiness.
ʵģģʯͷһ̻Ƚ
Honest; direct:
ʵģֱӵģ
a square answer.
һֱ˵Ĵ
Just; equitable:
ƽģƽȵģ
a square deal.
ƽ
Having been paid up; settled.
Ѿģ
Sports Even; tied.
˶ ƽֵģƽֵ
Slang Rigidly conventional; dull.
ٵ Űؾɵģζ
v.ʣ
squared,squar.ing,squares 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut to a square or rectangular shape.
ʹΣиλ򳤷״
To test for conformity to a desired plane, straight line, or right angle.
ΪõҪƽ棬ֱ߻ֱǶ
To mark into squares. Often used withoff.  
ıΡoff  
To bring into conformity or agreement:
ϣһ£
She could not square the request with her principles.
Ҫԭ򲻷
To bring (oneself) into a better position or relation:
ʹͣʹгʹԼõλûϵУ
He tried to square himself with his parents.
ʹ븸ĸϵǢ
To set straight or at approximate right angles:
ʹƽʹֱʹֱӽֱǣ
square one's cap.
ƽĳ˵ñ
To bring into balance; settle:
壻壺
square a debt.
ծ
Sports To even the score of:
˶ ƽ֣
to square a game.
ڱдƽ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
To raise (a number or quantity) to the second power.
ʹƽʹɶݣһ˷
To find a square equal in area to (the area of a given figure).
Ѱһ״ȵ
Informal To bribe or fix:
ʽ ¸
a party in litigation that tried to square the judge.
һϰн߾ȫ¸ٵĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Mathematics To be at right angles.
ѧ ֱ
To agree or conform:
ͬ߷ϣ
a story that doesn't square with the facts.
һʵĹ
adv.ʣ
Mathematics At right angles.
ѧ ֱ
In a square shape.

In a solid manner; firmly.
ᶨأ
Directly; straight:
ֱ˵أֱʵأ
ran square into each other.
Էײ
In an honest, straightforward manner.
ֱ̹ʵأһֱֺ̹ˬ̬
?
square away
Nautical To square the yards of a sailing vessel.
 𷫴ķ
To put away or in order.
ڡط
square off
To assume a fighting stance; prepare to fight.
ڳսƣ׼ս
square up
To settle a bill or debt.
嵥ծ
?
on the square
Mathematics At right angles.
ѧ ֱ
Honestly and openly:
ʵزأ
has always dealt on the square.
̹ϴ
out of square
Mathematics Not at exact right angles.
ѧ ɺ׼ȷֱ
Not in agreement.
ͬ
square peg in a round holeʽ
A misfit.
Ӧְ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French esquarre 
Դ ŷ esquarre 
from Vulgar Latin *exquadra 
Դ  *exquadra 
from *exquadr3e [to square] 
Դ *exquadr3e [ʹ] 
Latin ex- [ex-] 
 ex- [ȥ] 
quadr3e [to square]  from quadrum [a square] * see  k wetwer- 
quadr3e [ʹɷ]  Դ quadrum [һ] *μ k wetwer- 
?
squarely
adv.ʣ
squareness
n.ʣ
squarer
n.ʣ

= =
squeeze
squeeze
AHD:[skw?z] 
D.J.[skwi8z]
K.K.[skwiz]
v.ʣ
squeezed,squeez.ing,squeez.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To press hard on or together; compress.
եȡȡڡ֮ѹѹһѹ
To press gently, as in affection:

squeezed her hand.

To exert pressure on, as by way of extracting liquid:
ե֭ѹҺ強ѹ
squeeze an orange.
ե֭
To extract by or as if by applying pressure:
ؼȡ
squeeze juice from a lemon; squeezed a confession out of a suspect.
м֭ɷ
To extract by dishonest means; extort.
ѹեñֶեȡѹե
To oppress with burdensome demands.
ѹظ
To obtain room for by pressure; cram:
룬룺أ
squeezed her books into the briefcase.
ʹİ
To manage to find time or space for.
跨ڳ跨ҳʱռ
Games To force (an opponent) to use a potentially winning card in a trick he or she cannot take in bridge.
Ϸ ƶԷƣнƶԷʧȥһӮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give way under pressure.
ǿѹ
To exert pressure.
ʩѹ
To force one's way:
ȥ
squeeze through a crowd; squeeze into a tight space.
Ⱥд󣻼һӵĵط
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of squeezing.
ѹΪ
An amount squeezed out:
ե
a squeeze of lemon.
ե֭
A handclasp or brief embrace.
ֻӵ
A group crowded together; a crush.
ӵȺӵľۻ
Informal A squeeze play.
ʽ ս
Financial pressure caused by shortages or narrowing economic margins.
ѣĲѹ
Games A forced discard of a potentially winning card in bridge.
Ϸ ƣбӳӮ
?
squeeze off
To fire (a round of bullets) by squeezing the trigger.
۰ӵ
squeeze through  
squeeze by
To manage narrowly to pass, win, or survive.
ʤҴ棺ǿͨȡʤ
?
Probably alteration of obsolete quease [to press] 
Ϊ  queaseı仯 [ѹ] 
from Middle English queisen 
Դ йӢ queisen 
from Old English cwtn 
Դ Ӣ cwtn 
?
squeezable
adj.ݴʣ
squeezer
n.ʣ

= =
squirrel
squir.rel
AHD:[skw?rl, skw?r-] 
D.J.[6skwT8r*l, 6skwJr-]
K.K.[6skwPr*l, 6skwJr-]
n.ʣ
Any of various arboreal rodents of the genusSciurus  and related genera of the family Sciuridae, having a long flexible bushy tail and including the fox squirrel, gray squirrel, and red 
squirrel. Also called  tree squirrel 
һ ɭĿԵϵһˢʽβͣ󡢻ͺ Ҳ  tree squirrel
Any of various other rodents of the family Sciuridae, as the ground squirrel or the flying squirrel.
ƶƵĿ
The fur of one of these rodents.
ëƤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
squir.reled  squir.relled squir.rel.ing  squir.rel.ling squir.rels  squir.rels  
To hide or store:
ػ򴢴棺
squirreled away her money.
Ǯ
?
Middle English squirel 
йӢ squirel 
from Anglo-Norman esquirel 
Դ Ӣ esquirel 
from Vulgar Latin *sc?s [diminutive of] .sc?rius 
Դ  *sc?s  [] sc?riusС׺ 
alteration of Latin sci?s 
  sci? 
from Greek skiouros 
Դ ϣ skiouros 
skia [shadow] 
skia [Ӱ] 
oura [tail] * see  ors- 
oura [β] *μ ors- 

= =
stab
stab
AHD:[st2b] 
D.J.[st#b]
K.K.[st#b]
v.ʣ
stabbed,stab.bing,stabs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pierce or wound with or as if with a pointed weapon.
̣ûô̴
To plunge (a pointed weapon or instrument) into something.
룺ѣ߹ߣĳ
To make a thrusting or poking motion at or into:
ԡ̻Ķ
stabbed the air with his fingers.
ָ̿
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To thrust with or as if with a pointed weapon:
ûộ
stabbed at the food with her fork.
Ĳʳ
To inflict a wound with or as if with a pointed weapon.
ûô
n.ʣ
A thrust with a pointed weapon or instrument.
̣ô򹤾߽еĴ
A wound inflicted with or as if with a pointed weapon.
ûô̵˿
A sudden piercing pain.
Ȼİľʹ
An attempt; a try:
ͼԣ
made a stab at the answer.
Իش
?
stab (someone) in the back
To harm (someone) by treachery or betrayal of trust.
ѣĳˣ򹼸
?
Middle English stabben 
йӢ stabben 
?
stabber
n.ʣ

= =
stability
sta.bil.i.ty
AHD:[st-b1l1-t?] 
D.J.[st*6b!l!ti8]
K.K.[st*6b!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 sta.bil.i.ties 
The state or quality of being stable, especially:
ȶȶ״̬ܣָ
Resistance to change, deterioration, or displacement.
ȶԣֹ仯񻯻λȶ
Constancy of character or purpose; steadfastness.
Ըᶨ
Reliability; dependability.
ԣɿ
The ability of an object, such as a ship or an aircraft, to maintain equilibrium or resume its original position after displacement, as by the sea or strong winds.
ȶԣȶƽ⣺һ壬紬ɻƽʧƫλλ
Roman Catholic Church A vow committing a Benedictine monk to one monastery for life.
̡ ɮԺԼ

= =
stabilize
sta.bi.lize
AHD:[st3b-loz] 
D.J.[6ste!b*7la!z]
K.K.[6steb*7la!z]
v.ʣ
sta.bi.lized,sta.bi.liz.ing,sta.bi.liz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make stable or steadfast.
ʹȶȹ
To maintain the stability of (an airplane or ship, for example) by means of a stabilizer.
ʹȶƽ⣺ͨƽװά֣磬ɻ򴬣ȶ
To keep from fluctuating; fix the level of:
ֹĲƽ֣
stabilize prices.
ƽּ۸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become stable, steadfast, or fixed.
ȶȹ̶̻
?
stabilization
AHD:[-l1-z3shn] ʣ

= =
stable
stable 1
AHD:[st3bl] 
D.J.[6ste!b*l]
K.K.[6steb*l]
adj.ݴʣ
sta.bler,sta.blest 
Resistant to change of position or condition; steadfast.
ȶģλû״̬仯ģȹ̵
Maintaining equilibrium; self-restoring.
ƽģ޸
Immutable; permanent; enduring.
ģõģ;õ
Consistently dependable.
ȶɿ
Not subject to mental illness or irrationality.
׷񼲲׵·Ե
Physics Having no known mode of decay; indefinitely long-lived. Used of atomic particles.
ѧ ȶģδ˥߷ʽģڴڵԭ΢
Chemistry Not easily decomposed or otherwise modified chemically.
ѧ ȶģ׷ֽѧӦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estable 
Դ ŷ estable 
from Latin stabilis * see  st3- 
Դ  stabilis *μ st3- 
?
stableness
n.ʣ
stably
adv.ʣ
?
stable
stable 2
AHD:[st3bl] 
D.J.[6ste!b*l]
K.K.[6steb*l]
n.ʣ
A building for the shelter and feeding of domestic animals, especially horses and cattle.
ǣָţȦιʳ
A group of animals lodged in such a building.
ھһȺ
All the racehorses belonging to a single owner or racing establishment.See Synonyms at flock 1
ͬһμ flock1
The personnel employed to keep and train such a group of racehorses.
ѵԱѵȺĹӶԱ
A group, as of athletes, under common management, authority, or ownership:
ͬһȨ߻Ȩ˹һȺˣ˶Ա
a stable of prizefighters.
һȺȭѡ
v.ʣ
sta.bled,sta.bling,sta.bles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or keep in or as if in a stable.
ȦȦھ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To live in or as if in a stable.
ڻھȦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estable 
Դ ŷ estable 
from Latin stabulum [stable, standing place] * see  st3- 
Դ  stabulum [ǣվŵĵط] *μ st3- 

= =
stack
stack
AHD:[st2k] 
D.J.[st#k]
K.K.[st#k]
n.ʣ
A large, usually conical pile of straw or fodder arranged for outdoor storage.
⣬ɲݶѣľ޴׶״Ĳ϶
An orderly pile, especially one arranged in layers.See Synonyms at heap 
һѲμ heap
Computer Science A section of memory and its associated registers used for temporary storage of information in which the item most recently stored is the first to be retrieved.
ѧ ջ洢Ĵһ֣ʱϢȽȻָ
A group of three rifles supporting each other, butt downward and forming a cone.
ǹܣ֧ǹ֧
A chimney or flue.
̴ѻ̵
A group of chimneys arranged together.
һ̴ѣһһȺ̴
A vertical exhaust pipe, as on a ship or locomotive.
ͻִϻϴֱ
Often stacks 
  stacks 
An extensive arrangement of bookshelves.
Ĳ
The area of a library in which most of the books are shelved.

A stackup.
ֲɻȴ½ʱĶ߷ֲ
An English measure of coal or cut wood, equal to 108 cubic feet (3.06 cubic meters).
ӢľĻú̿ļλ൱108(306ף
Informal A large quantity:
ʽ 
a stack of work to do.
ҪĹ
v.ʣ
stacked,stack.ing,stacks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange in a stack; pile.
ѳɶѣ
To load or cover with stacks or piles:
򸲸ס
stacked the dishwasher.
סϴ
Games To prearrange the order of (a deck of cards) so as to increase the chance of winning.
Ϸ ϴףȰѳ밲źԱӮ
To prearrange or fix unfairly so as to favor a particular outcome:
ƽԤȰŻʹóһض
tried to stack the jury.
÷ͥ
To direct (aircraft) to circle at different altitudes while waiting to land.
ָʾɻֲУ÷ɻڲͬ߶Դ½
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a stack.
ѶѶ
?
stack up ʽ
To measure up or equal:
ܵáȣȵϣ
Their gift doesn't stack up against his.
ǵƷȲ͵
To make sense; add up:
ۻ
Her report just doesn't stack up.
ı治߳
?
Middle English stac 
йӢ stac 
from Old Norse stakkr 
Դ ˹ά stakkr 
?
stackable
adj.ݴʣ
stacker
n.ʣ

= =
stadium
sta.di.um
AHD:[st3d?-m] 
D.J.[6ste!di8*m]
K.K.[6stedi*m]
n.ʣ
 sta.di.ums  sta.di.a [-d?-]  
A large, usually open structure for sports events with tiered seating for spectators.
ͨп̨Ĵ¶
A course on which foot races were held in ancient Greece, usually semicircular and having tiers of seats for spectators.
߳Ŵϣʱľܵͨп̨ɰԲ
An ancient Greek measure of distance, based on the length of such a course and equal to about 185 meters (607 feet).
˹£ϣõĻܵȵĶλԼ185(607Ӣߣ
Medicine A stage or period in the course of a disease.
ҽѧ ڣķչ׶λڼ
Biology A stage in the development or life history of an organism.
ѧ ķչ׶λ
?
Middle English [unit of length] 
йӢ [ȵλ] 
from Latin 
Դ  
from Greek stadion 
Դ ϣ stadion 
perhaps alteration  influenced by stadios [firm] 
Ϊ   stadiosӰ [ᶨ] 
of spadion [racetrack] 
 spadionı仯 [ܵ] 
from span [to pull] 
Դ span [] 

= =
staff
staff 1
AHD:[st2f] 
D.J.[st#f]
K.K.[st#f]
n.ʣ
 staffs  staves [st3vz]  
A stick or cane carried as an aid in walking or climbing.
ȣ߻ɽõĹ
A stout stick used as a weapon; a cudgel.
Ӳ
A pole on which a flag is displayed; a flagstaff.
ϱչĸˣ
A rod or baton carried as a symbol of authority.
ȨȣеȨȻ
pl. staffs A rule or similar graduated stick used for testing or measuring, as in surveying.
 staffs ߣڲĳӻнƿ̶ȵľڲ
pl. staffs 
 staffs 
A group of assistants to a manager, an executive, or another person in authority.
ִԱȨߵĹ
A group of military officers assigned to assist a commanding officer in an executive or advisory capacity.
ȫıԱָЭȨľһЩһӹԱ
The personnel who carry out a specific enterprise:
ȫԱΪضҵԱ
the nursing staff of a hospital.
ҽԺĻʿ
Something that serves as a staple or support.
鶤֧Ķ
Music A set of five horizontal lines and four intermediate spaces used in notation to represent a sequence of pitches.Also called  In this sense, also called stave 
֡ ףʾһϵߵ͵ˮƽ߼еĸռҲ  ڴҲɳ stave
v.tr.ﶯʣ
staffed,staff.ing,staffs 
To provide with a staff of workers or assistants.
Ϊù˻ְֵ
To serve on the staff of.
ĹԱ
?
Middle English staf 
йӢ staf 
from Old English st?f 
Դ Ӣ st?f 
?
staff
staff 2
AHD:[st2f] 
D.J.[st#f]
K.K.[st#f]
n.ʣ
A building material of plaster and fiber used as an exterior wall covering of temporary buildings, as at expositions.
άҽڸʱǽάҽڱ¶Ĳ
?
Perhaps from German stoff [stuff] 
Դ  stoff [ԭ] 

= =
stage
stage
AHD:[st3j] 
D.J.[ste!d9]
K.K.[sted9]
n.ʣ
A raised and level floor or platform.
̨̧ߵĵذƽ̨
A raised platform on which theatrical performances are presented.
̨һߵƽ̨ԽϷ
An area in which actors perform.
Աݵĵط
The acting profession, or the world of theater. Used withthe : 
ҵս磺ԱְҵϷ磬the ã 
The stage is her life.
ҵ
The scene of an event or a series of events.
һµĳһ¼
A platform on a microscope that supports a slide for viewing.
΢ľ̨
A scaffold for workers.
ӥܣ˵Ĺż
A resting place on a journey, especially one providing overnight accommodations.
ЪŴ;еϢرṩҹĵط
The distance between stopping places on a journey; a leg:
г̣վ֮ľ룻г̣
proceeded in easy stages.
г
A stagecoach.

A level or story of a building.
¥
The height of the surface of a river or other fluctuating body of water above a set point:
ˮλһָ֮ϵĺˮĸ߶Ȼˮ壺
at flood stage.
ںˮˮλ
A level, degree, or period of time in the course of a process, especially a step in development:
ʱڣչеĽ׶Σʱڣ裬رָչеĽ׶Σ
the toddler stage.
ѧͯĽ׶
A point in the course of an action or series of events:
׶Σĳһ̻һ¼еһ׶Σ
too early to predict a winner at this stage.
Ŀǰ̫Ԥʤ
One of two or more successive propulsion units of a rocket vehicle that fires after the preceding one has been jettisoned.
һڻ༶ƶǰһƶһŵ
Geology A subdivision in the classification of stratified rocks, ranking just below a series and representing rock formed during a chronological age.
ѧ ڣֲʯĽײ㣬һ㲢Ҵ˹Ŵʱγɵʯ
Electronics An element or a group of elements in a complex arrangement of parts, especially a single tube or transistor and its accessory components in an amplifier.
ѧ һȺӽṹеرָеܻתĸɷ
v.ʣ
staged,stag.ing,stag.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exhibit or present on or as if on a stage:
̨ϣչʾ֣
stage a boxing match.
һ̨ȭ
To produce or direct (a theatrical performance).
һϷ
To arrange and carry out:
źͽУ
stage an invasion.
һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be adaptable to or suitable for theatrical presentation.
ʹʺϱݣʺϻܹϷ
To stop at a designated place in the course of a journey:
Ъţ;ָͣĵط
tourists from London who had staged through Warsaw(Frederick Forsyth)
Щ׶صοڻɳϢһ̡(׵ˡ˼)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estage 
Դ ŷ estage 
from Vulgar Latin *staticum 
Դ  *staticum 
from Latin status [past participle of] st3re [to stand] * see  st3- 
Դ  status  [] st3reĹȥִ [վ] *μ st3- 
?
stageful
n.ʣ

= =
stagger
stag.ger
AHD:[st2gr] 
D.J.[6st#g*]
K.K.[6st#g+]
v.ʣ
stag.gered,stag.ger.ing,stag.gers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or stand unsteadily, as if under a great weight; totter.
ǣжվȣǱѹţҡ
To begin to lose confidence or strength of purpose; waver.
ԥʼĳһĿʧȥĻ߶ҡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to totter, sway, or reel:
ʹҡΣʹҡΣڶת
The blow staggered him.
Ǹʹҡҡ׹
To overwhelm with emotion or astonishment.
ʹԾѹ
To cause to waver or lose confidence.
ʹԥʹҡ
To place on or as if on alternating sides of a center line; set in a zigzag row or rows:
ʹһߵĿɻߣʹ
theater seats that were staggered for clear viewing.
ϷԺӶˣΪعۿ
To arrange in alternating or overlapping time periods:
ʱ䣺ѡʱ򽻴ذţ
staggered the nurses' shifts.
ʿֵཻ
To arrange (the wings of a biplane) so that the leading edge of one wing is either ahead of or behind the leading edge of the other wing.
ʹǰ󽻴˫ԵһıԵǰߺ
n.ʣ
A tottering, swaying, or reeling motion.
ҡΣҡλת
A staggered pattern, arrangement, or order.
һֲȶʽ
staggers (used with a sing. verb)Any of various diseases of the nervous system in animals, especially horses, cattle, or other domestic animals, characterized by a lack of coordination 
in moving, a staggering gait, and frequent falling.Also called  In this sense, also called blind staggers 
 staggers 뵥ãǲε֢ϵͳһ֣رţϣΪᣬ·ҡκ;ˤҲ  ڴҲ
 blind staggers
?
Alteration of Middle English stakeren 
 йӢ stakerenı仯 
from Old Norse stakra [frequentative of] staka [to push] 
Դ ˹ά stakra  [] stakaظ [] 
?
staggerer
n.ʣ
staggery
adj.ݴʣ

= =
stain
stain
AHD:[st3n] 
D.J.[ste!n]
K.K.[sten]
v.ʣ
stained,stain.ing,stains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To discolor, soil, or spot.
Ū࣬ȾʧɫŪմ
To bring into disrepute; taint or tarnish.
ۣܻȾʹʧȥ
To color (glass, for example) with a coat of penetrating liquid dye or tint.
Ⱦɫһ͸ҺȾϻɫضԣ粣 Ⱦɫ
To treat (specimens for the microscope) with a reagent or dye that makes visible certain structures without affecting others.
ɫԼϴ΢¹۲ı걾ԱʹĳЩṹɼӰṹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce or receive discolorations.
ۼۼ
n.ʣ
A discolored or soiled spot or smudge.
ۼɫۼ
A blemish on one's moral character or reputation.
£ģ۵㣺ĳ˵Ʒʻ۵
A liquid substance applied especially to wood that penetrates the surface and imparts a rich color.
ɫܹ͸㲢ɫһҺʣľͷ
A reagent or dye used for staining microscopic specimens.
ɫأȾ΢걾Լ
?
Middle English steinen 
йӢ steinen 
partly from Old French desteindre  desteign- [to deprive of color]  des- [dis-]  Latin tingere  tonct- [to dye] 
Դ ŷ desteindre  desteign- [ʹɫ]  des- [ʹʧȥ]   tingere  tonct- [Ⱦɫ] 
and partly from Old Norse steina [to paint] 
ҲԴ ˹ά steina [ɫ] 
?
stainable
adj.ݴʣ
stainer
n.ʣ
?
stain,blot,brand,stigma,taint
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a mark of discredit or disgrace, as on one's good name: 
Щʵ˼ǡĳ˺մۡ 
a stain on his honor;
ϵ۵㣻
the blot of treason;
ѱĳУ
the brand of cowardice;
ųı֣
the stigma of ignominious defeat;
ʧܵ۵㣻
the taint of vice. 
а 

= =
stair
stair
AHD:[star] 
D.J.[ste*]
K.K.[stWr]
n.ʣ
Often stairs A series or flight of steps; a staircase.
  stairs һλһ¥ݣ¥
One of a flight of steps.
һλһ̨
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st?r * see  steigh- 
Դ Ӣ st?r *μ steigh- 

= =
staircase
stair.case
AHD:[stark3s] 
D.J.[6ste*7ke!s]
K.K.[6stWr7kes]
n.ʣ
A flight or series of flights of steps and a supporting structure connecting separate levels.Also called  stairway 
¥ݣһһϵݼӶˮƽ֧ŽṹҲ  stairway

= =
stake
stake
AHD:[st3k] 
D.J.[ste!k]
K.K.[stek]
n.ʣ
A piece of wood or metal pointed at one end for driving into the ground as a marker, fence pole, or tent peg.
׮µıǣ׮׮һľͷ
A vertical post to which an offender is bound for execution by burning.
߱Ļ
Execution by burning. Used withthe : 
̣ûǸ  
condemned to the stake.
û̵
A vertical post secured in a socket at the edge of a platform, as on a truck bed, to help retain the load.
ƽ̨׮ˣڿƽ̨ϵ׮ˣΪ˷ֹﻬ
Mormon Church A territorial division consisting of a group of wards under the jurisdiction of a president.
ĦŽ̡ ڽĽһȺѡ
Often stakes Sports Games 
  stakes ˶ Ϸ 
Money or property risked in a wager or gambling game.See Synonyms at bet 
ĽڶĲжĵǮ߲Ʋμ bet
The prize awarded the winner of a contest or race.
𣺱ܻý
A race offering a prize to the winner, especially a horserace in which the prize consists of money contributed equally by the horse owners.
𣺸ʤ߽ܣرеĽƽ
A share or an interest in an enterprise, especially a financial share.
ɷݣָҵĹɷݣָڹ
Personal interest or involvement:
У
a stake in her children's future.
Ĺɷ
A grubstake.
ʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
staked,stak.ing,stakes 
To mark the location or limits of with or as if with stakes:
綨ýǮԼĵλȨޣ
stake out a claim.
ԼȨ
To claim as one's own:
ִţ
staked out a place for herself in industry.
Լڹҵһϯ֮
To fasten, secure, or support with a stake or stakes.
ľ׮ϵס֧
To tether or tie to a stake.
ϵס˨ľ׮
To gamble or risk; hazard.
ĲðգΣ
To provide working capital for; finance.
Ͷ
?
stake out
To assign (a police officer, for example) to an area to conduct surveillance.
ָɣָɣ羯٣ȥһмල
To keep under surveillance.
ල
?
at stake
At risk; in question.
Σ֮У
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English staca 
Դ Ӣ staca 

= =
stale
stale 1
AHD:[st3l] 
D.J.[ste!l]
K.K.[stel]
adj.ݴʣ
stal.er,stal.est 
Having lost freshness, effervescence, or palatability:
ζģʡĻζģ
stale bread; stale air.
ζʵĿ
Lacking originality or spontaneity:
¸ģûģ
a stale joke.See Synonyms at trite 
һϵЦμ trite
Impaired in efficacy, vigor, or spirit, as from inactivity or boredom.
õģڲ߷ûЧʡûû
Law Having lost effectiveness or force through lack of exercise or action.
ɡ ʧȥЧģڲʵʩ߲жʧȥЧ
?
Middle English [settled, clear: used of beer or wine] 
йӢ [ȷģ峺ģơƻ׾] 
probably from Old French estale [slack, settled, clear] 
Դ ŷ estale [ɢġȷġ] 
from estaler [to come to a standstill, halt] 
Դ estaler [ֹֹͣ] 
from estal [standing place, stand] 
Դ estal [վĵطվ] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  stel- 
[Դڵ¹] *μ stel- 
?
stale
v.ʣ
stalely
adv.ʣ
staleness
n.ʣ
?
stale
stale 2
AHD:[st3l] 
D.J.[ste!l]
K.K.[stel]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
staled,stal.ing,stales 
To urinate. Used especially of horses and camels.
رָ
n.ʣ
The urine of certain animals, especially horses and camels.
ĳЩָ
?
Middle English stalen 
йӢ stalen 
[possibly of Low German origin] ; akin to  Middle Low German stallen 
[Դڵ͵ص]   йŵ͵ص stallen 

= =
stall
stall 1
AHD:[st?l] 
D.J.[st%8l]
K.K.[st%l]
n.ʣ
A compartment for one domestic animal in a barn or shed.
ţС
A booth, cubicle, or stand used by a vendor, as at a market.
̯λСĻ̯̯λͤ
A small compartment:
С䣺
a shower stall.
ϴ
An enclosed seat in the chancel of a church.
λڷյλ
A pew in a church.
ó
Chiefly British A seat in the front part of a theater.
Ӣ ǰλӢ糡ǰλ
A space marked off, as in a garage, for parking a motor vehicle.
ͣλڻͣ
A protective sheath for a finger or toe.
ףָŵĻ
The sudden, unintended loss of power or effectiveness in an engine.
ϨêͻȻ벻Ϩê
A condition in which an aircraft or airfoil experiences an interruption of airflow resulting in loss of lift and a tendency to drop.
ʧ٣ɻܿͣɷɻʧٺ½Ƶ
v.ʣ
stalled,stall.ing,stalls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or lodge in a stall.
ڣУѡ
To maintain in a stall for fattening:
ʹʣʹʣ
to stall cattle.
ţ
To check the motion or progress of; bring to a standstill.
谭ʹֹͣ谭ж̣ʹֹͣ
To cause (an engine) accidentally to stop running.
êϨ𣺷ê󲻶
To cause (an aircraft) to go into a stall.
ʹʧ٣ʹɻʧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To live or be lodged in a stall. Used of an animal.
أڻڣڶ
To stick fast in mud or snow.
أѩ
To come to a standstill:
ֹͣ
Negotiations stalled.
̸ж
To stop running as a result of mechanical failure:
ֹͣڻе϶ͣ
The car stalled on the freeway.
ڸٹ·ê
To lose forward flying speed, causing a stall. Used of an aircraft.
ʧ٣ʧȥǰٶȣʧ٣ڷɻ
?
Middle English stalle 
йӢ stalle 
from Old English steall [standing place, stable] * see  stel- 
Դ Ӣ steall [վĵطȶ] *μ stel- 
?
stall
stall 2
AHD:[st?l] 
D.J.[st%8l]
K.K.[st%l]
n.ʣ
A ruse or tactic used to mislead or delay.
֧ᣬӣʹ󵼻ıı
v.ʣ
stalled,stall.ing,stalls 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To employ delaying tactics against:
ӣȡӵļı
stall off creditors.
Ƿծ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To employ delaying tactics:

stalling for time.
ʱ
?
Alteration  influenced by stall 1
   stall1Ӱ 
of obsolete stale [pickpocket's accomplice] 
  staleı仯 [С͵İ] 
from Middle English [decoy] 
Դ йӢ [ƭ] 
from Anglo-Norman estale 
Դ Ӣ estale 
[of Germanic origin] ; akin to  possibly akin to Old English st?l, stathol [place, position] * see  staddle 
[Դն]    Ӣ st?l, stathol [طλ] *μ staddle

= =
stamp
stamp
AHD:[st2mp] 
D.J.[st#mp]
K.K.[st#mp]
v.ʣ
stamped,stamp.ing,stamps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring down (the foot) forcibly.
ʹýŶ
To bring the foot down onto (an object or a surface) forcibly.
ȣýʹһڱϲ
To extinguish or destroy by or as if by trampling underfoot:
ͨ壩ƻ
stamped the rebellion; stamp out a fire.
ѹ壻
To crush or grind with a heavy instrument:
ѹ飺һߴĥ飺
stamp ore.
ʯ
To form or cut out by application of a mold, form, or die.
óģиģӣģȥͻи
To imprint or impress with a mark, design, or seal.
ӡӡϱǣͼʴӡ
To impress forcibly or permanently.
ʹμǣʹ
To affix an adhesive stamp to.
Ʊ
To identify, characterize, or reveal:
¶ʹʾֳʾ
stamped her a traitor to the cause.
ʹ¶ҵһͽԭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To thrust the foot forcibly downward.
ţѽ¶
To walk with forcible, heavy steps.See Usage Note at stomp 
زߣѵ߲μ stomp
n.ʣ
The act of stamping.
ȣĶ
An implement or a device used to impress, cut out, or shape something to which it is applied.
ӡӡ߻װãӡģ
An impression or a shape formed by such an implement or device.See Synonyms at impression 
ͼǣǣôӡ߻װӡĺۼӡǲμ impression
An official mark, design, or seal that indicates ownership, approval, completion, or the payment of a tax.
ٷǣһֹٷǣͼʴˣͬɻ˰
A small piece of gummed paper sold by a government for attachment to an article that is to be mailed; a postage stamp.
ƱڽҪʼĵĶϵһСճֽƱ
A similar piece of gummed paper issued for a specific purpose:
ֽΪһĿķеƵճֽ
trading stamps.
ҵֽ
An identifying or characterizing mark or impression:
ӡױıǡӡ
His work bears the stamp of genius.
Ʒһŵĸо
Characteristic nature or quality:
ͻࣺ
a person of her stamp.
͵
?
Middle English stampen 
йӢ stampen 
possibly alteration of Old English stempan [to pound in a mortar] 
Ϊ Ӣ stempanı仯 [һ] 

= =
standard
stan.dard
AHD:[st2ndrd] 
D.J.[6st#nd*d]
K.K.[6st#nd*d]
n.Abbr. std.ʣд std.
A flag, banner, or ensign, especially:
죺ӣĻ죬ָ
The ensign of a chief of state, nation, or city.
죬죬죺ݣһе
A long, tapering flag bearing heraldic devices distinctive of a person or corporation.
죺˻֯Ļµĳļ
An emblem or flag of an army, raised on a pole to indicate the rallying point in battle.
죺ӵģƮϱսص
The colors of a mounted or motorized military unit.
ӵɫĦгӵɫ
An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value; a criterion.
׼һֹϵĺı׼׼
An object that under specified conditions defines, represents, or records the magnitude of a unit.
׼ض£ָ߼¼һλС
The set proportion by weight of gold or silver to alloy metal prescribed for use in coinage.
ӲҵķʱϽĺķ
The commodity or commodities used to back a monetary system.
ұλ֧ŽϵͳһƷƷ
A degree or level of requirement, excellence, or attainment.
Ҫߴﵽĳ̶Ȼˮƽ
Often standards A requirement of moral conduct.
  standards ±׼ΪҪ
Chiefly British A grade level in elementary schools.
Ӣ Сѧе꼶
A pedestal, stand, or base.
ʯ̨
Botany 
ֲѧ 
The large upper petal of the flower of a pea or related plant.
꣺ֲֲﻨľ޴ϰ
One of the narrow, upright petals of an iris.Also called  banner ,vexillum 
ֱ꣺βֲһխխֱҲ  banner,vexillum
A shrub or small tree that through grafting or training has a single stem of limited height with a crown of leaves and flowers at its apex.
ֱֲͦ޽ӻɵĹľСһ߶ȵĵɣھĶҶӺͻɵĻ
Music A composition that is continually used in repertoires.
֡ ̶ĿΪĿĿ
adj.ݴʣ
Serving as or conforming to a standard of measurement or value.
Ϻ׼ģΪϺ۵ı׼
Widely recognized as a model of authority or excellence:
ΪȨģ
a standard reference work.
һȨԲο
Acceptable but of less than top quality:
еȵģԽܵõģ
a standard grade of beef.
еȹţ
Normal, familiar, or usual:
ƽȵģϤģͨģ
the standard excuse.
ƽĽ
Commonly used or supplied:
ձģһģձʹûṩģ
standard car equipment.
ͨ豸
Linguistics Conforming to established educated usage in speech or writing.
ѧ ׼÷ģ˵дʱϹ涨÷
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estandard [rallying place] 
Դ ŷ estandard [ϵص] 
probably from Frankish *standhard 
Դ  *standhard 
*standan [to stand] * see  st3- 
*standan [վ] *μ st3- 
*hard [fast, hard] * see  kar- 
*hard [Ѹ٣Ӳ] *μ kar- 
?
standardly
adv.ʣ
?
standard,benchmark,criterion,gauge,measure,touchstone,yardstick
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a point of reference against which individuals are compared and evaluated: 
Ще˼ǡȽϺ͹ƵĲա 
a book that is a standard of literary excellence;
һѧƷ䷶
a painting that is a benchmark of quality;
һϳ˵ͻ
educational criteria;
׼
behavior that is a gauge of self-control;
ҿƵĹ淶Ϊ
government funding, a measure of the importance of the arts;
Ҫ׼
success, a touchstone of opportunity, ambition, and ability;
ɹǻҰĺԽʯ
farm failures, a yardstick of federal banking policy. See also Synonyms at  ideal 
ũҵǺ⽨ߵı׼ μͬ ideal

= =
standpoint
stand.point
AHD:[st2ndpoint] 
D.J.[6st#nd7p%!nt]
K.K.[6st#nd7p%!nt]
n.ʣ
A position from which things are considered or judged; a point of view.
۵㣬ǻ۵
?
Translation of German Standpunkt 
  Standpunktķ 

= =
star
star
AHD:[st?r] 
D.J.[st$8]
K.K.[st$r]
n.ʣ
Astronomy 
ѧ 
A self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which the energy generated by nuclear reactions in the interior is balanced by the outflow 
of energy to the surface, and the inward-directed gravitational forces are balanced by the outward-directed gas and radiation pressures.
ǣ壺ܷ壬Ĵڲ˷Ӧ棬ڵͨݵͷѹﵽƽ
Any of the celestial bodies visible at night from Earth as relatively stationary, usually twinkling points of light.
ǣҹɼԲģͨգ۰˸
Something regarded as resembling such a celestial body.
ΪĶ
A graphic design having five or more radiating points, often used as a symbol of rank or merit.
μ˵ƽͣλ
An artistic performer or athlete whose leading role or superior performance is acknowledged.
ǣ׿ԽݼΪ֪Ա˶Ա
An asterisk (*).
Ǻ(*)
A white spot on the forehead of a horse.
ǰİװ
A planet or constellation of the zodiac believed in astrology to influence personal destiny.
ˣռΪܹӰ˵˵ĻƵǻ
stars The future; destiny. Often used withthe.  
 stars ˣδˡthe  
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being an outstanding, famous perfomer:
ǵģǵġйصġΪ㡢Աģ
a star figure skater.
һλ
v.ʣ
starred,star.ring,stars 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To ornament with stars.
װ
To award or mark with a star for excellence.
ѫ£ν־
To mark with an asterisk.
Ǻű
To present or feature (a performer) in a leading role.
ʹΪǣãһԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To play the leading role in a theatrical or film production.
ݣϷӰƷе
To do an outstanding job; perform excellently.
ֳڣɫʾܳ
?
have stars in (one's) eyes
To be dazzled or enraptured, as with romantic love.
ڣĳ˵ģҸУ㵹סģ
see stars
To experience bright, flashing sensations, as from a blow to the head.
ͷۻĸоͷʱĸо
?
Middle English sterre 
йӢ sterre 
from Old English steorra * see  ster- 3
Դ Ӣ steorra *μ ster- 3

= =
stare
stare
AHD:[star] 
D.J.[ste*]
K.K.[stWr]
v.ʣ
stared,star.ing,stares 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To look directly and fixedly, often with a wide-eyed gaze.See Synonyms at gaze 
ſֱӻ̶ؿŴ۾Ӳμ gaze
To be conspicuous; stand out.
ۣ۵ģԵͻ
To stand on end; bristle, as hair or feathers.
ֱͷë
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look at directly and fixedly:
ӣֱӶſ
stared him in the eyes.
۾
n.ʣ
An intent gaze.

?
stare down
To cause to waver or give in by or as if by staring.
þִٲӻ·Ӷ¶ҡ
?
stare (one) in the face
To be plainly visible or obvious; force itself on (one's) attention:
ǰ׿ɼĻԶ׼Ͱǰ
The money on the table was staring her in the face.
Ǯϣǰ
To be obvious though initially overlooked:
װ׵ģӵԶ׼
The explanation had been staring him in the face all along.
Ͷ˵һֱװ׵
To be imminent or unavoidable:
٣Ļ򲻿ɱģ
Bankruptcy now stares us in the face.
Ʋ
?
Middle English staren 
йӢ staren 
from Old English starian * see  ster- 1
Դ Ӣ starian *μ ster- 1
?
starer
n.ʣ

= =
start
start
AHD:[st?rt] 
D.J.[st$8t]
K.K.[st$rt]
v.ʣ
start.ed,start.ing,starts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To begin an activity or a movement; set out.
ʼжʼһһж
To have a beginning; commence.See Synonyms at begin 
ʼͷʼμ begin
To move suddenly or involuntarily:
ͻȻԾ
started at the loud noise.
ĳ
To come quickly into view, life, or activity; spring forth.
֣ܿǰлжУӿ
Sports To be in the initial lineup of a game or race.
˶ ϳڱܵĳʼλ
To protrude or bulge.
ͻ
To become loosened or disengaged.
ɶɶѿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To commence; begin.
ʼ
To set into motion, operation, or activity.
ʹ˶ж
To introduce; originate.
ʼ
Sports 
˶ 
To play in the initial lineup of (a game).
μӣĿĳʼ
To put (a player) into the initial lineup of a game.
ʹʹѡ֣Ŀĳʼ
To enter (a participant) into a race or game.
ʹμߣ
To found; establish:

start a business.
ҵ
To tend in an early stage of development:
ֲڷչĳ׶εչˣ
start seedlings.

To rouse (game) from its hiding place or lair; flush.
ӲѨоʹ˷
To cause to become displaced or loosened.
ʹѿɶ
n.Abbr. st.ʣд st.
A beginning; a commencement.
ʼʼ
The beginning of a new construction project:
½滮
a large number of new housing starts this year.
·꿪
A place or time of beginning.
ʼصʼʱ
Sports 
˶ 
A starting line for a race.

A signal to begin a race.
ź
An instance of beginning a game or race:
֣һĿʼĳϣ
a pitcher who won his first five starts.
ӮͷֵͶ
A startled reaction or movement.
ܵŵķӦ
A part that has become dislocated or loosened.
ѿڣ©죺ѿɶĲ
A position of advantage over others, as in a race or an endeavor; a lead.
ռȵλڱлԱ˵λãȵλ
An opportunity granted to pursue a career or course of action.
ʱְжĻ
?
start somethingʽ
To cause trouble.
鷳
to start with
At the beginning; initially.
ʼ
In any case.

?
Middle English sterten [to move or leap suddenly] 
йӢ sterten [ͻȻƶ] 
from Old English *styrtan * see  ster- 1
Դ Ӣ *styrtan *μ ster- 1

= =
startle
star.tle
AHD:[st?rtl] 
D.J.[6st$8tl]
K.K.[6st$rt1]
v.ʣ
star.tled,star.tling,star.tles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start.
ʹʹٲԾض
To alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly.See Synonyms at frighten 
ʹţʹͻȻ»Ȳμ frighten
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become alarmed, frightened, or surprised.
ܾþ»
n.ʣ
A sudden mild shock; a start.
ԾͻȻصľѽԾ
?
Middle English stertlen [to run about] 
йӢ stertlen [] 
from Old English steartlian [to kick] * see  ster- 1
Դ Ӣ steartlian [] *μ ster- 1
?
startlingly
adv.ʣ
startlingness
n.ʣ

= =
starve
starve
AHD:[st?rv] 
D.J.[st$8v]
K.K.[st$rv]
v.ʣ
starved,starv.ing,starves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To suffer or die from extreme or prolonged lack of food.
ܻڼ˻ڵȱʳ
Informal To be hungry.
ʽ 
To suffer from deprivation.
ܶȱܿ
Archaic To suffer or die from cold.
 ֮ܺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to starve.
ʹ
To force to a specified state by starving.
üֶǿȴﵽĳһض״̬
?
Middle English sterven [to die] 
йӢ sterven [] 
from Old English steorfan * see  ster- 1
Դ Ӣ steorfan *μ ster- 1

= =
state
state
AHD:[st3t] 
D.J.[ste!t]
K.K.[stet]
n.Abbr. st.ʣд st.
A condition or mode of being, as with regard to circumstances:
ڵʽйػģ
a state of confusion.
ҵ״
A condition of being in a stage or form, as of structure, growth, or development:
״̬ĳ׶λʽϵ״̬ṹչ״̬
the fetal state.
̥״̬
A mental or emotional condition:
״̬״̬
in a manic state.
ڿ״̬
Informal A condition of excitement or distress.
ʽ ɥ״̬
Physics The condition of a physical system with regard to phase, form, composition, or structure:
ѧ ״̬ϵйؽ׶Ρ״ɻṹ״̬
Ice is the solid state of water.
ˮĹ̬
Social position or rank.
λλȼ
Ceremony; pomp:
ʽʢۣ
foreign leaders dining in state at the White House.
쵼¡صڰ׹
The supreme public power within a sovereign political entity.
ߣͳڲ߹Ȩ
The sphere of supreme civil power within a given polity:
ض֮ڵȨ޷Χ
matters of state.

A specific mode of government:
壺ضʽ
the socialist state.

A body politic, especially one constituting a nation:
ңʵ壬ָɹߣ
the states of Eastern Europe.
ŷ
One of the more or less internally autonomous territorial and political units composing a federation under a sovereign government:
ݣȨģӵвͬڲȨελ
the 48 contiguous states of the Union.
лڵ48
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a body politic or to an internally autonomous territorial or political unit constituting a federation under one government:
ҵģҵġйصġڲελйصģ
a monarch dealing with state matters; the department that handles state security.
ĶߣҰȫĲ
Owned and operated by a state:
еģеĻģ
state universities.
ѧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stat.ed,stat.ing,states 
To set forth in words; declare.
ƣû
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estat 
Դ ŷ estat 
from Latin status * see  st3- 
Դ  status *μ st3- 
?
state,condition,situation,status
These nouns denote the mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing.
Щʶʾ˻ڵʽʽ
 State   andcondition,  the most general, are largely interchangeable: 
 State  condition ͨ ڶ¿ͨã 
a state (or condition ) of disrepair; a healthy state  (or condition ).  
״̬ condition ) ״  condition )  
Every body continues in its state of rest . . . unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it  (Isaac Newton). 
ÿһ屣侲ֹ״̬мϵŻı״̬ ˡţ٣ 
The condition of man . . . is a condition of war of everyone against everyone  (Thomas Hobbes).
״̬˶Կս״̬ ˹˹
 Situation   more narrowly refers to a state or condition at a particular time as determined by a combination of circumstances: 
 Situation  ָɻۺϾضʱϵ״̬Σ 
Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation  (Franklin D. Roosevelt).
ܸ״µ壬ȲΪҲ㡱 ֡D˹
 Status   usually applies to a person or thing considered in relation to others of the same class.With reference to persons it implies relative standing;with respect to things it is roughly 
equivalent tostate  or situation :  
 Status  ָͨΪͬͬײйص˻ָʱָԵĵλָʱµͬState  situation   
Mr. Polly's status was that of a guest pure and simple  (H.G. Wells). 
ݴǿˡ ( H GΤ˹ 
What is the current status of the arms-reduction negotiations? 
̸Σ 

= =
statement
state.ment
AHD:[st3tmnt] 
D.J.[6ste!tm*nt]
K.K.[6stetm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act of stating or declaring.
ƵΪ
Something stated; a declaration.
ԣ£
Law A formal pleading.
ɡ ʽָ
An abstract of a commercial or financial account showing an amount due; a bill.
Ŀʾڽҵ¼ڼ¼Ŀ
A monthly report sent to a debtor or bank depositor.
飺ÿ߻дı
Computer Science An elementary instruction in a source language.
ѧ 䣬ԴеĻָ
?
make a statement
To create a certain impression:
ĳЧ
Glass, exposed beams, and antiques all combine to make a strong decorative statement.
¶Ӻ͹ŶһǿҵװЧ

= =
statesman
states.man
AHD:[st3tsmn] 
D.J.[6ste!tsm*n]
K.K.[6stetsm*n]
n.ʣ
A man who is a leader in national or international affairs.
μңڹе쵼
A male political leader regarded as a disinterested promoter of the public good.
䣺ΪΪ˹Ե
A man who is a respected leader in a given field:
ĳһ𾴵쵼
a mature statesman of American letters(Toby Thompson)
ѧļߡ(бȡɭ)
?
statesmanlike  
statesmanly
adj.ݴʣ
statesmanship
n.ʣ

= =
static
stat.ic
AHD:[st2t1k] 
D.J.[6st#t!k]
K.K.[6st#t!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no motion; being at rest; quiescent.
̬ģ޶ģֹģ̬
Fixed; stationary.
̶ģ
Physics Of or relating to bodies at rest or forces that balance each other.
ѧ ֹģ뾲ֹйصġƽƽйص
Electricity Of, relating to, or producing stationary charges; electrostatic.
ѧ ģġ뾲йصĻ
Of, relating to, or produced by random radio noise.
йߵģߵ֮йصġ
n.ʣ
Random noise, such as crackling in a receiver or specks on a television screen, produced by atmospheric disturbance of the signal.
еžĻϵĹߣźŵĴɵ
Informal 
ʽ 
Back talk.
ײ
Interference; obstruction.
棻谭
Angry or heated criticism.
ŭҵ
?
New Latin staticus [relating to weight] 
ִ staticus [йص] 
from Greek statikos [causing to stand] 
Դ ϣ statikos [ʹ] 
from statos [standing] * see  st3- 
Դ statos [ֱ] *μ st3- 
?
statical
adj.ݴʣ
statically
adv.ʣ

= =
station
sta.tion
AHD:[st3shn] 
D.J.[6ste!.*n]
K.K.[6ste.*n]
n.Abbr. sta.ʣд sta.
The place or position where a person or thing stands or is assigned to stand; a post:
λãλ˻վָõĵصλãλ
a sentry station.
λ
The place, building, or establishment from which a service is provided or operations are directed:
վṩָĵط
a police station.

A stopping place along a route, especially a stop for refueling or for taking on passengers; a depot.
վһ·ͣĵطָȼϻϳ˿͵ͣվվ
Social position; rank.
λȼ
An establishment equipped for observation and study:
վڹ۲оĽ
a radar station.
״վ
An establishment equipped for radio or television transmission.
̨ڹ㲥͵ӷ͵Ľ
An input or output point along a communications system.
վͨѶϵͳĽշ͵
Ecology 
̬ѧ 
The normal habitat of a particular plant or animal community.
أضֲȺͨϢ
The exact place of occurrence of a species or individual within a given habitat.
ûأĳܾӵеֵֻȷеص
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sta.tioned,sta.tion.ing,sta.tions 
To assign to a position; post.
ãפפĳλãפ
?
Middle English stacioun 
йӢ stacioun 
from Old French station 
Դ ŷ station 
from Latin stati?}  stati?n- * see  st3- 
Դ  stati?}  stati?n- *μ st3- 

= =
stationary
sta.tion.ar.y
AHD:[st3sh-nr?] 
D.J.[6ste!.*7neri8]
K.K.[6ste.*7nWri]
adj.Abbr. sta.,stat.ݴʣд sta.,stat.
Not moving.
ֹ
Not capable of being moved; fixed.
ܱƶģ̶
Unchanging:
ģ
a stationary sound.
ȶ
n.ʣ
 sta.tion.ar.ies 
One that is stationary.
̶
?
Middle English stacionarie 
йӢ stacionarie 
from Old French stationnaire 
Դ ŷ stationnaire 
from Medieval Latin stati?3rius} 
Դ  stati?3rius} 
from Latin [belonging to a military station] 
Դ  [Ӫ] 
from stati?}  stati?n- [station] * see  station 
Դ stati?}  stati?n- [λãվ] *μ station

= =
statistical
sta.tis.ti.cal
AHD:[st-t1st1-kl] 
D.J.[st*6t!st!k*l]
K.K.[st*6t!st!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or employing statistics or the principles of statistics.
ͳƵģͳƵġ֮йصġͳѧͳԭ
?
statistically
adv.ʣ

= =
statistics
sta.tis.tics
AHD:[st-t1st1ks] 
D.J.[st*6t!st!ks]
K.K.[st*6t!st!ks]
n.Abbr. stat.ʣд stat.
(used with a sing. verb)The mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from 
sampling.
뵥ãͳѧѼָ֣֯
(used with a pl. verb)Numerical data.
븴ã
?
From German Statistik [political science] 
Դ  Statistik [οѧ] 
from New Latin statisticus [of state affairs] 
Դ ִ statisticus [Ҵ] 
from Italian statista [person skilled in statecraft] 
Դ  statista [רι] 
from stato [state] 
Դ stato [] 
from Old Italian 
Դ  
from Latin status [position, form of government] * see  st3- 
Դ  status [λʽ] *μ st3- 

= =
statue
stat.ue
AHD:[st2ch?] 
D.J.[6st#t.u8]
K.K.[6st#t.u]
n.ʣ
A three-dimensional form or likeness sculpted, modeled, carved, or cast in material such as stone, clay, wood, or bronze.
ʯͷľͷͭȲϾģ̻Ƴɵάʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin statua 
Դ  statua 
from statuere [to set up] * see  statute 
Դ statuere [] *μ statute

= =
status
sta.tus
AHD:[st3ts, st2ts] 
D.J.[6ste!t*s, 6st#t*s]
K.K.[6stet*s, 6st#t*s]
n.ʣ
Position relative to that of others; standing:
λݣ˵λãλ
Her status is that of a guest.
ǿ
High standing; prestige:
λȨ
a position of status in the community.
еȨλ
Law The legal character or condition of a person or thing:
ɡ ״˻ķ״
the status of a minor.
δ˵ĵλ
A state of affairs; situation.See Synonyms at state 
̬״βμ state
?
Latin * see  st3- 
 *μ st3- 

= =
stay
stay 1
AHD:[st3] 
D.J.[ste!]
K.K.[ste]
v.ʣ
stayed,stay.ing,stays 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To continue to be in a place or condition:
֣һطһ£
stay home; stay calm.
ڼ侲
To remain or sojourn as a guest or lodger:
Ϊ˻򷿿»ݾӣ
stayed at a motel.
סù
To stop moving; halt.
ֹֹͣͣ˶ͣ
To wait; pause.
Ⱥͣ
To endure or persist:
־ã֣
stayed with the original plan.
ԭļƻ
To keep up in a race or contest:
ܻиϣ
tried to stay with the lead runner.
ͼȵ߲ܲ
Games To meet a bet in poker without raising it.
Ϸ ߶ע˿Ϸעע
To stand one's ground; remain firm.
أּᶨ
Archaic To cease from a specified activity.
 ˳ֹͣĳж
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stop or halt; check.
ֹʹֹͣ赲
To postpone; delay.
ӣ
To delay or stop the effect of (an order, for example) by legal action or mandate:
ӻԷֶλӻֹЧ
stay a prisoner's execution.
ӻһ˵
To satisfy or appease temporarily:
ʹƽϢʹʱƽϢ
stayed his anger.
ʱƽϢŭ
To remain during:
ڡڼͣ
stayed the week with my parents; stayed the duration of the game.
Ǹں͸ĸһ𣻱һֱ
To wait for; await:
ȴȣ
I will not stay thy questions. Let me go;/Or if thou follow me, do not believe/But I shall do thee mischief in the wood(Shakespeare)
Ҳ㷢ʡߣ/ңŵĻ/һж㵷ҡ(ɯʿ)
n.ʣ
The act of halting; check.
ֹֹͣͣĶ赲
The act of coming to a halt.
ֹͣͻȻֹͣΪ
A brief period of residence or visiting.
סڼ䣺סʵĶڼ
A suspension or postponement of a legal action or an execution:
ݻִУж̵ӻƳ٣
granted a stay to the prisoner's execution.
׼Է˻
?
stay put
To remain in a fixed or established position.
أڹ̶ȷλ
stay the course
To hold out or persevere to the end of a race or challenge.
ֵս
?
Middle English steien 
йӢ steien 
from Old French ester, esteir 
Դ ŷ ester, esteir 
from Latin st3e * see  st3- 
Դ  st3e *μ st3- 
?
stay,remain,wait,abide,tarry,linger,sojourn
These verbs mean to continue to be in a given place.
Щʱʾĳһλá
 Stay   is the least specific, though it can also suggest that the person involved is a guest or visitor: 
 Stay  ܰʾָǿ˻ߣģ 
We stayed at home all evening.
ڼ
 Must you go? Can't you stay? (Charles J. Vaughan).
һҪߣ㲻𣿡 ˹Jֶ
 Remain  is sometimes synonymous withstay  but more often implies continuing or being left after others have gone: 
 Remain  ʱstay ͬ壬 ذʾߺסΣ 
A few people came to boo but remained to applaud.
ܶ˿ʼЦϵعơ
Please remain for a minute at the end of the meeting;I want a word with you in private.
ڻһ˽¸˵仰
Wait   suggests remaining in readiness, anticipation, or expectation: 
Wait  Ϊ׼Ԥ״̬ 
Your father is waiting for me to take a walk with him (Booth Tarkington).
ĸڵҺһɢ ˹٣
 Abide  implies continuing for a lengthy period: 
 Abide  ָһκܳʱ䣺 
Abide with me (Henry Francis Lyte).
סɡ ˹أ
 Tarry   andlinger  both imply a delayed departure, butlinger  more strongly suggests reluctance to leave:  
 Tarry  linger ָ뿪 lingrer иǿĲԸ뿪ζ  
She was not anxious but puzzled that her husband tarried (Eden Phillpotts). 
ɷĥеǣеԻ ǡƶģ 
I alone sit lingering here  (Henry Vaughan).Tosojourn  is to reside temporarily in a place:  
Ҷĥʱ䡱 ֶSojourn ָһס  
He was sojourning at [a] hotel in Bond Street  (Anthony Trollope).See also Synonyms at  defer 1
 ´ֵù  ᡤգμͬ defer1
?
stay
stay 2
AHD:[st3] 
D.J.[ste!]
K.K.[ste]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stayed,stay.ing,stays 
To brace, support, or prop up.
֧ţ֧šֻ֧
To strengthen or sustain mentally or spiritually.
辫֧
To rest or fix on for support.
ڻڡϵõ֧
n.ʣ
A support or brace.
֧Ż֧
A strip of bone, plastic, or metal, used to stiffen a garment or part, such as a corset or shirt collar.
¼ܣڹ̶׻򲿷ػĹơϻƵխ
stays A corset.
 stays Ů
?
Middle English staien 
йӢ staien 
from Old French estaiier 
Դ ŷ estaiier 
from estaie [a support] 
Դ estaie [֧] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
stay
stay 3
AHD:[st3] 
D.J.[ste!]
K.K.[ste]
n.ʣ
Nautical A heavy rope or cable, usually of wire, used as a brace or support for a mast or spar.
 ֧ͨýƳɵι̴֧Φ
A rope used to steady, guide, or brace.
ǣڼӹ̡֧ŵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
stayed,stay.ing,stays  
To put (a ship) on the opposite tack or to come about.
ʹת
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st?g 
Դ Ӣ st?g 

= =
steady
stead.y
AHD:[std?] 
D.J.[6stedi8]
K.K.[6stWdi]
adj.ݴʣ
stead.i.er,stead.i.est 
Firm in position or place; fixed.
ȹ̵ģһλûطģ̶
Direct and unfaltering; sure.
ҡģֱӵĻ򲻶ҡģ϶
Free or almost free from change, variation, or fluctuation; uniform:
ģȫ򼸺ûиı䡢仯򲨶ģһߵģ
a steady increase in value; a steady breeze.
ֵȶ΢ϰϰ
Not easily excited or upset:
ƽ͵ģ׼յģ
steady nerves.

Unwavering, as in purpose; steadfast.
ᶨģĿ겻ҡģᶨ
Reliable; dependable.
ɿģ
Temperate; sober.
Ƶģѵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
stead.ied,stead.y.ing,stead.ies 
To make or become steady.
ʹᶨ
interj.Nautical ̾ʣ 
Used to direct a helmsman to keep a ship's head in the same direction:
뿪溽ߣָӶֽͷͬһϣ
Steady as she goes!
ֺ
n.ʣ
 stead.ies 
The person whom one dates regularly, usually exclusively.
̶ˣĳ˹̶أͨΪԼ
?
steadier
n.ʣ
steadily
adv.ʣ
steadiness
n.ʣ
?
steady,even,equable,uniform,constant
These adjectives mean marked by lack of variation or change.
Щݴʶȱٱ仯˼
 Steady,   the most general, can imply continuity, regularity, firmness, or steadfastness: 
 Steady  رʾԡԡȶԻᶨԣ 
Steady progress;
ƽȽ
the steady tick of the clock;
ӱһɲĵδ
a steady hand on the tiller;
ݸϼᶨ֣
a steady, hard-working woman.
ǿ͵ĸŮ
Even  suggests the absence of irregularity or fluctuation: 
Even  ʾйɣ޲ 
maintaining an even tempo;
ȶʣ
has an even disposition.
дݵʡ
Equable   usually implies an intrinsic or innate characteristic leading to a lack of variation,especially extreme variation: 
Equable  ʾڲȱ仯Ǿ䣺 
The West Indian climate is . . . the most equable in the world (Alec Waugh). 
ӡȺǡȶġ  ˡ  
Her father, an equable and genial man, is tolerant of her spirited stubbornness.
ĸףһƽͿ׵ˣǿƢ
Uniform   emphasizes sameness, as in character or degree, in all aspects, parts, or elements: 
Uniform  ǿ̶ȡ桢ֻԪصһԣ 
Language was not uniform throughout the country but fell into dialects  (Kemp Malone). 
ȫԲͳһжַԡ ա¡ 
Over all this the clouds shed a uniform and purplish shadow  (Robert Louis Stevenson).
ƶ¾ȵɫӰ ޲ء·˹ʷɭ
 Constant   implies invariability, as in nature or form: 
 Constant  ָڱʺʽޱ仯 
Terror is the feeling which arrests the mind in the presence of whatsoever is grave and constant in human sufferings and unites it with the secret cause (James Joyce).
ִеʹ־õʱ־һָоصԭʹ˼ҡ ղķ˹˹

= =
steal
steal
AHD:[st?l] 
D.J.[sti8l]
K.K.[stil]
v.ʣ
stole[st?l] sto.len[st?ln] steal.ing,steals 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take (the property of another) without right or permission.
͵ûȨδã˵Ĳ
To get or effect surreptitiously or artfully:
͵͵ܵػصõӰ죺
steal a kiss; stole the ball from an opponent.
͵ǣӶﶯ
To move, carry, or place surreptitiously.
ǱУ˶ͻ
To draw attention unexpectedly in (an entertainment), especially by being the outstanding performer:
ɫݣڣУע⣬ָɫıߵģ
The magician's assistant stole the show with her comic antics.
ħʦĶע Ŀ
Baseball To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without the aid of a base hit, walk, passed ball, or wild pitch.
 ͵ݣһͶûлԱλֻ֡Ұֵİȫ루һ 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To commit theft.
͵
To move, happen, or elapse stealthily or unobtrusively.
͵͵жܡжʧ
Baseball To steal a base.
 ͵
n.ʣ
The act of stealing.
͵͵Ϊ
Slang A bargain.
ٵ ּۻ
?
steal (someone's) thunder
To use, appropriate, or preempt the use of another's idea, especially to one's own advantage and without consent by the originator.
ǿռʹáǿռȨռб뷨ʹȨָԼкôδõͬ
?
Middle English stelen 
йӢ stelen 
from Old English stelan 
Դ Ӣ stelan 
?
stealer
n.ʣ
?
steal,purloin,filch,snitch,pilfer,cop,hook,swipe,lift,pinch
These verbs mean to take another's property wrongfully, often surreptitiously.
Щʶд򳣳ܵ˲塣
 Steal   is the most general: 
 Steal  ߸ԣ 
stole a car;
͵
stealing a few moments for relaxation;
͵мԷɣ
research that was stolen by a colleague. Topurloin  is to make off with something, often in a breach of trust:  
ͬȡо Purloin ָĳָΥΣ  
purloined the key to his safe-deposit box.
պеԿס
Filch   andsnitch  often suggest that what is stolen is of little value, whilepilfer  sometimes connotes theft of or in small quantities:  
Filch  snitch ʾ͵ĶֵǮ pilfer ʱʾĵԣ  
filched an ashtray from the restaurant;
Ӳ͹һ̻Ҹף
snitch a handkerchief;
͵
strawberries pilfered from the farmer.
ũǶ͵Ĳݮ
Cop, hook,   andswipe  frequently connote quick, furtive snatching or seizing:  
Cophook  swipe ָٵġ͵͵ץȡ  
copped a necklace from the counter;
ӹ̨͵һ
planning to hook a fur coat;
͵һƤ£
swiped a magazine from the doctor's waiting room. Tolift  is to pick or take something up surreptitiously and keep it for oneself:  
ҽһ־ Lift ָ͵ȡĳΪУ  
The pickpocket lifted my wallet.
ǰ͵ҵǮ
Pinch   suggests stealing something by or as if by squeezing it between the thumb and the fingers: 
Pinch  ʾûĴָָЮס͵ĳ 
went into the study and pinched a dollar bill. 
鷿Юһ 

= =
steam
steam
AHD:[st?m] 
D.J.[sti8m]
K.K.[stim]
n.ʣ
The vapor phase of water.
ˮʽ
A mist of cooling water vapor.
ˮˮȴγɵı
Pressurized water vapor used for heating, cooking, or to provide mechanical power.
ѹڼȡṩеļѹˮ
The power produced by a machine using pressurized water vapor.
ʹüѹˮĶ
Steam heating.

Power; energy.
Դ
v.ʣ
steamed,steam.ing,steams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce or emit steam.
ųð
To become or rise up as steam.
Ϊ̬
To become misted or covered with steam.
ʹ״ĻΪǵ
To move by means of steam power.
˶
Informal To become very angry; fume.
ʽ ŭ÷ŭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expose to steam, as in cooking.
ʱ¶
?
Middle English steme 
йӢ steme 
from Old English st?m 
Դ Ӣ st?m 

= =
steamer
steam.er
AHD:[st?mr] 
D.J.[6sti8m*]
K.K.[6stim+]
n.Abbr. str.ʣд str.
Nautical A steamship.
 
A vehicle, a machine, or an engine driven by steam.
Ļ
A container in which something is steamed.
ĳ
See  soft-shell clam 
μ  soft-shell clam

= =
steel
steel
AHD:[st?l] 
D.J.[sti8l]
K.K.[stil]
n.ʣ
A generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy of iron and carbon, usually containing between 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often with other constituents such as manganese, 
chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt, or silicon, depending on the desired alloy properties, and widely used as a structural material.
һּӲ;õġѵ̼ĺϽͨ0.21.5̼ҪĺϽܲͬɷ̡⡢ͭ١ܻȣ㷺
Something, such as a sword, that is made of steel.
ƷƳɵĳ罣
A quality suggestive of this alloy, especially a hard, unflinching character.
ǿʣָǿԸ
Color Steel gray.
ɫʡ ɫ
adj.ݴʣ
Made with, relating to, or consisting of steel:
ֵģƵġйصĻ򺬸ֵģ
steel beams; the steel industry; a bicycle with a steel frame.
ҵּг
Very firm or strong:
ǳǿģ
a steel grip.
ǿһ
Color Of a steel gray.
ɫʡ ɫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
steeled,steel.ing,steels 
To cover, plate, edge, or point with steel.
֣ϻϸ֣Ըı߻
To make hard, strong, or obdurate; strengthen:
ʹӲʹӲ;ãʹǿ
He steeled himself for disappointment.
ʹԼʧܼǿ
?
Middle English stel 
йӢ stel 
from Old English stt?l} 
Դ Ӣ stt?l} 

= =
steep
steep 1
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[sti8p]
K.K.[stip]
adj.ݴʣ
steep.er,steep.est 
Having a sharp inclination; precipitous.
ģбģ͵
At a rapid or precipitous rate:
ģпٻ򼱴ٵٶȵģ
a steep rise in salaries.
нˮĶ
Excessive; stiff:
ֵģԽܵģ
a steep price.
ߵļ۸
Ambitious; difficult:
Ұĵģѵģ
a steep undertaking.
Ĳҵ
n.ʣ
A precipitous slope.

?
Middle English stepe 
йӢ stepe 
from Old English st?p 
Դ Ӣ st?p 
?
steeply
adv.ʣ
steepness
n.ʣ
?
steep,abrupt,precipitous,sheer
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is so sharply inclined as to be almost perpendicular: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡб̫½ֱ 
steep cliffs;
͵ұ 
an abrupt canyon;
͵Ͽȣ
precipitous hills;
͵ɽ
a sheer descent of rock. 
бµʯ 
?
steep
steep 2
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[sti8p]
K.K.[stip]
v.ʣ
steeped,steep.ing,steeps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given property from.
ݣΪϴʹȡʶҺ
To infuse or subject thoroughly to.
ʹ͸
To make thoroughly wet; saturate.
ʹʪ͸͸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo a soaking in liquid.
ݣҺн
n.ʣ
The act or process of steeping.
ݵΪ
The state of being steeped.
ݵ״̬
A liquid, bath, or solution in which something is steeped.
ҺõҺܼ
?
Middle English stepen 
йӢ stepen 
[perhaps of Old English origin] 
[ԴڹӢ] 
?
steeper
n.ʣ

= =
steer
steer 1
AHD:[st?r] 
D.J.[st!*]
K.K.[st!r]
v.ʣ
steered,steer.ing,steers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To guide by means of a device such as a rudder, paddle, or wheel.
ƶ棺ö桢ֵװָ
To direct the course of.
ָ·
To maneuver (a person) into a place or course of action.See Synonyms at guide 
ݣƣʹĳˣһж·߲μ guide
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To guide a vessel or vehicle.
ʻʻ
To follow or move in a set course.
нĳһ·߸ƶ
To admit of being steered or guided:
ɲݣƻ
a craft that steers easily.
ײݵķɻ
n.ʣ
A piece of advice.
һ
?
Middle English steren 
йӢ steren 
from Old English st?n * see  st3- 
Դ Ӣ st?n *μ st3- 
?
steerable
adj.ݴʣ
steerer
n.ʣ
?
steer
steer 2
AHD:[st?r] 
D.J.[st!*]
K.K.[st!r]
n.ʣ
A young ox, especially one castrated before sexual maturity and raised for beef.
ʳţһṫţָԳǰ˸ʳõţ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st?r * see  st3- 
Դ Ӣ st?r *μ st3- 

= =
stem
stem 1
AHD:[stm] 
D.J.[stem]
K.K.[stWm]
n.ʣ
The main ascending axis of a plant; a stalk or trunk.
ɣֲϵ᣻
A slender stalk supporting or connecting another plant part, such as a leaf or flower.
ֻ֧һֲҶ򻨵
A banana stalk bearing several bunches of bananas.
㽶ˣм㽶㽶
A connecting or supporting part, especially:
ӻ֧Ųָ֣
The tube of a tobacco pipe.
̶
The slender upright support of a wineglass or goblet.
ţѾƱ߽űϸֱ֧
The small projecting shaft with an expanded crown by which a watch is wound.
ģתֱϽõĴչݹڵСͻı
The rounded rod in the center of certain locks about which the key fits and is turned.
о᣺һЩڲתԿ׵Բ
The shaft of a feather or hair.
ᣬɣëëĸ
The upright stroke of a typeface or letter.
ߣĸֱıʻ
Music The vertical line extending from the head of a note.
֡ ɣͷĴֱ
The main line of descent of a family.
ϵϮ
Linguistics The main part of a word to which affixes are added.
ѧ ʸɣ׺ϵĴʵҪ
Nautical The curved upright beam at the fore of a vessel into which the hull timbers are scarfed to form the prow.
 ׵ľǶγɴͷ
The tubular glass structure mounting the filament or electrodes in an incandescent bulb or vacuum tube.
ܹ˿缫װ׳ݻչܵĹ״ṹ
v.ʣ
stemmed,stem.ming,stems 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or take origin or descent.
ԴڣɡԴԴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the stem of.
Ĺ
To provide with a stem.
װϱ
To make headway against:
ֿ桭У
managed to stem the rebellion.
ͼֿ
?
from stem to stern
From one end to another.
ͷβ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English stefn, stemn * see  st3- 
Դ Ӣ stefn, stemn *μ st3- 
?
stem,arise,derive,emanate,flow,issue,originate,proceed,rise,spring
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to come forth or come into being: 
ЩʵĹͬ˼Ϊֻγɡ 
customs stemming from the past;
Թȥϰף
misery arising from war;
սıң
rights deriving from citizenship;
еȨ
disapproval emanating from the teacher;
ʦʾ飻
happiness that flows from their friendship;
ǵҸ
prejudice that issues from fear;
ڵĵƫ
a proposal originating in the Congress;
Ľ飻
a mistake that proceeded from carelessness;
ڴĵµĴ
rebellion rising in the provinces;
ʡң
new industries springing up. 
¹ 
?
stem
stem 2
AHD:[stm] 
D.J.[stem]
K.K.[stWm]
v.ʣ
stemmed,stem.ming,stems 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To stop or hold back by or as if by damming; stanch.
բסðӻðһסֹס
To plug or tamp (a blast hole, for example).
££˵һף
Sports To point (skis) inward.
˶ תѩ죩
v.intr.Sports ﶯʣ˶ 
To point skis inward in order to slow down or turn.
תתѩԼٻת
?
Middle English stemmen 
йӢ stemmen 
from Old Norse stemma 
Դ ˹ά stemma 

= =
step
step
AHD:[stp] 
D.J.[step]
K.K.[stWp]
n.ʣ
The single complete movement of raising one foot and putting it down in another spot, as in walking.
һһֻŽһһ
A manner of walking; a particular gait.
̬ߵķʽһضĲ
A fixed rhythm or pace, as in marching:
̶ߵĽٶȣоУ
keep step.
ʹŲһ
The sound of a footstep.
Ų
A footprint:
ӡ
steps in the mud.
еĽӡ
The distance traversed by moving one foot ahead of the other.
һľ룺һһǰľ
A very short distance:
̵ľ룺
just a step away.
ֻһԶ
steps Course; path:
 steps ǰĵ···;
turned her steps toward home.
ת
A rest for the foot in ascending or descending.
ЪڽŲ̧ʱͣЪ
steps Stairs.
 steps ¥
Something, such as a ledge or an offset, that resembles a step of a stairway.
̤Ű壺¥ݽװĶڼܻڽ
One of a series of actions, processes, or measures taken to achieve a goal.
裺һϵΪﵽĳһĿĵж̻ʩеһ
A stage in a process:
׶Σеһ׶Σ
followed every step in the instructions.
ѭָʾеÿһ
A degree in progress or a grade or rank in a scale:
ĳһеĶȻ򼶱еĵȼ̶ȣ
a step up in the corporate hierarchy.
ŵȼнһ
Music The interval that separates two successive tones of a scale.
֡ ףϿнм䲿
Nautical The block in which the heel of a mast is fixed.
 Φ̶Φ˸Ļ
v.ʣ
stepped,step.ping,steps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To put or press the foot:
ŻԽ̤
step on the gas.
̤ݵ
To shift or move slightly by taking a step or two:
ߣһǰƶн
step back.
߻
To walk a short distance to a specified place or in a specified direction:
һĵصضķ߹һζ̵ľ룺
step over to the corner.

To move with the feet in a particular manner:
ߣƶķʽƶ
step lively.
õ
To move into a new situation by or as if by taking a single step:
߽һһһµ״̬
stepping into a life of ease.
ʼƽ
To treat with arrogant indifference:
ȣ䵭ضԴ
He is always stepping on other people.
Ա˰䵭
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or set (the foot) down:
ȣãţȻ£
step foot on land.
½
To measure by pacing:
⣺Բ
step off ten yards.
ʮ
To furnish with steps; make steps in:
װ̨ףڡװ̨ף
terraces that are stepped along the hillside.
ɽ߿̨״µ
Computer Science To cause (a computer) to execute a single instruction.
ѧ ʹִһָ
Nautical To place (a mast) in its step.
 Φ˷Φ
?
step down
To resign from a high post.
ְɸλְ
To reduce, especially in stages:
ָͣ𲽼ͣ
stepping down the electric power.
ٵ
step in
To enter into an activity or a situation.
һж״̬
To intervene.

step out
To walk briskly.
õ
To go outside for a short time.
ߣʱĳ
Informal To go out for a special evening of entertainment.
ʽ ȥ֣һҹ
To withdraw; quit.
˳
step up
To increase, especially in stages:
ӣָӣ
step up production.
Ӳ
To come forward:
ǰ
step up and be counted.
ǰ
?
in step
Moving in rhythm.
Эƶ
In conformity with one's environment:
롭Ļһ£
in step with the times.
ʱһ
out of step
Not moving in rhythm:
жЭ
recruits marching out of step.
±нʱЭ
Not in conformity with one's environment:
롭Ļһ£
out of step with the times.
ʱһ
step by step
By degrees.
𲽵
step on itʽ
To go faster; hurry.
߿һ㣻Ͽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st?pe, stepe 
Դ Ӣ st?pe, stepe 

= =
stereo
ster.e.o
AHD:[str?-?, st?r-] 
D.J.[6steri87*&, 6st!*-]
K.K.[6stWri7o, 6st!r-]
n.ʣ
 ster.e.os 
A stereophonic sound-reproduction system.
ϵͳ
Stereophonic sound.

A stereotype.
Ǧ
A stereoscopic system or photograph.
ϵͳƬ
adj.ݴʣ
Stereophonic.

Stereoscopic.
е

= =
stereotype
ster.e.o.type
AHD:[str?--top, st?r-] 
D.J.[6steri8*7ta!p, 6st!*-]
K.K.[6stWri*7ta!p, 6st!r-]
n.ʣ
A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image:
¹棺һִͳġʽġּ򻯵⡢۵㡢
Regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding. . . . Westerners are trendy, Midwesterners are dull, Northeasterners are brainy, and Southerners are lazy(Brad 
Edmondson)
ԾϰԴȷͳΪһ֡ʱ֣ľګ˻ǣϷ衱(¡ɭ)
One that is regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type.
ͣΪǱһ̶ֹͻһµ
Printing A metal printing plate cast from a matrix molded from a raised printing surface, such as type.
ӡˢ Ǧ棺ģɵĽӡ壬ɱ͹ӡˢģƶɣǦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ster.e.o.typed,ster.e.o.typ.ing,ster.e.o.types 
To make a stereotype of.
ʹ¹滯
To characterize by a stereotype:
ʹͻʹһͳΪ
Elderly Americans are the neglected sector of the fashion industry, stereotyped by blue hair and polyester pantsuits(American Demographics)
ʱĲ֣Ӻ;άװΪ͡(˿ͳ)
To give a fixed, unvarying form to.
ͻһ̶ģʽ
To print from a stereotype.
Ǧӡˢ
?
French strotype [stereotype printing] 
 strotype [Ǧӡˢ] 
stro- [solid]  from Greek stereo- * see  stereo- 
stro- []  Դ ϣ stereo- *μ stereo-
type [printing type]  from Old French [symbol]  from Late Latin typus * see  type 
type [ӡˢǦ]  Դ ŷ []  Դ  typus *μ type
?
stereotyper
n.ʣ
stereotypic
AHD:[-t1p1k]   stere.o.typi.cal [-1-kl] ݴʣ
stereotypically
adv.ʣ

= =
stern
stern 1
AHD:[st?rn] 
D.J.[stT8n]
K.K.[stPn]
adj.ݴʣ
stern.er,stern.est 
Hard, harsh, or severe in manner or character:
ϸģڷʽԸϾģ
a stern disciplinarian.See Synonyms at severe 
һϸʵʩ߲μ severe
Grim, gloomy, or forbidding in appearance or outlook.
̵ģۻòϿģ˵
Firm or unyielding; uncompromising.
ᶨĻģҪЭ
Inexorable; relentless:
ݵģģ
stern necessity.
ȵҪ
?
Middle English sterne 
йӢ sterne 
from Old English styrne * see  ster- 1
Դ Ӣ styrne *μ ster- 1
?
sternly
adv.ʣ
sternness
n.ʣ
?
stern
stern 2
AHD:[st?rn] 
D.J.[stT8n]
K.K.[stPn]
n.ʣ
Nautical The rear part of a ship or boat.
 βִСĺ
A rear part or section.
βĩ
?
Middle English sterne 
йӢ sterne 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse stj?rn [rudder] * see  st3- 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά stj?rn [] *μ st3- 
?
Stern
Stern
AHD:[st?rn] Isaac (Born 1920) 
D.J.[stT8n]
K.K.[stPn]
NONE޴ԣ
Russian-born American violinist who is considered among the great 20th-century virtuosos.
˹ضˣ( 1920) СټңΪ20ͽܳĴʦ֮һ
?
Stern
SternOtto (1888-1969)
NONE޴ԣ
German-born American physicist. He won a 1943 Nobel Prize for detecting the magnetic movements of atomic particles.
˹ضУ(1888-1969) ѧңԭӵĴ˶1943ŵ

= =
steward
stew.ard
AHD:[st?rd, sty?-] 
D.J.[6stu8*d, 6stju8-]
K.K.[6stu*d, 6stju-]
n.ʣ
One who manages another's property, finances, or other affairs.
Ա˲Ʋڻ
One who is in charge of the household affairs of a large estate, club, hotel, or resort.
ܼңܹܣһ󷿲ֲƵʤصļµ
A ship's officer who is in charge of provisions and dining arrangements.
ʳԱִϹʳͻʳŵĹԱ
An attendant on a ship or an airplane.
ԱִɻϵķԱ
An official who supervises or helps to manage an event.
£ලĹԱ
A shop steward.
̵Ա
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
stew.ard.ed,stew.ard.ing,stew.ards 
To serve as a steward or as the steward of.
Աܼң
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English stigweard, stod 
Դ Ӣ stigweard, stod 
stig, sto} [hall] 
stig, sto} [] 
weard [keeper] * see  wer- 3
weard [Ա] *μ wer- 3
?
stewardship
n.ʣ

= =
stewardess
stew.ard.ess
AHD:[st?r-d1s, sty?-] 
D.J.[6stu8*d!s, 6stju8-]
K.K.[6stu*d!s, 6stju-]
n.ʣ
A woman flight attendant.See Usage Note at -ess 
ŮɻԱμ -ess

= =
stick
stick
AHD:[st1k] 
D.J.[st!k]
K.K.[st!k]
n.ʣ
A long, slender piece of wood, especially:
ϸľָ
A branch or stem cut from a tree or shrub.
֦ľ֦
A piece of wood, such as a tree branch, that is used for fuel, cut for lumber, or shaped for a specific purpose.
֦һľ֦ȼϡľϻΪ;һ״
A wand, staff, baton, or rod.
״ָӰչ
Sports Games Any of various implements shaped like a rod and used in play:
˶ Ϸ ˶õĸֹ״þߣ
a hockey stick.

A walking stick; a cane.
չ
Something slender and often cylindrical in form:
״ϸԲεĶ
a stick of dynamite.
һըҩ
Slang A marijuana cigarette.
ٵ 
The control device of an aircraft that operates the elevators and ailerons.
ݸˣɻϲպ͸Ŀװ
Informal A stick shift.
ʽ 
Nautical A mast or a part of a mast.
 ΦˣΦ˻Φ˵һ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A composing stick.
̣
A stickful.
źõһǦ
A group of bombs released to fall across an enemy target in a straight row.
ըһֱͶоĿը
Slang A group of paratroopers exiting an aircraft in succession.
ٵ ɡȺµһɡ
A timber tree.
ľ
Informal A piece of furniture.
ʽ һҾ
A poke, thrust, or stab with a stick or similar object:
̣ùƵĶһ̡׻
a stick in the ribs.
߹ϵһ
A threatened penalty:
Ӳʩ
using both a carrot and a stick to keep allies in line.
ͬʱúܲʹʹ˱һ
The condition or power of adhering:
ճԣճŵ״̬
a glue with plenty of stick.
кǿճԵĽˮ
sticks Informal 
 sticks ʽ 
A remote area; backwoods:
С䣺Զ
moved to the sticks.
ǨԶ
A city or town regarded as dull or unsophisticated.
С򣺱ΪǳƵĻ򲻿ĳл
Informal A person regarded as stiff, boring, or spiritless.
ʽ ζˣΪǿ̰塢ζ
Archaic A difficulty or an obstacle; a delay.
 ѻϰӳ
v.ʣ
stuck[st?k] stick.ing,sticks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pierce, puncture, or penetrate with a pointed instrument.
̴ü̡̿׻̴
To kill by piercing.
ɱ
To thrust or push (a pointed instrument) into or through another object.
룬룺ѣһ壩̴̽һ
To fasten into place by forcing an end or point into something:
סһ˻һԹ̶
stick a hook on the wall.
һӶǽ
To fasten or attach with or as if with pins, nails, or similar devices.
סôͷ롢ӻһѡ̶
To fasten or attach with an adhesive material, such as glue or tape.
ճסճ塢ˮ򽺴Ѷ̶
To cover or decorate with objects piercing the surface.
סΣ͸ǻװ
To fix, impale, or transfix on a pointed object:
סѡ̶̻͸һϣ
stick an olive on a toothpick.
һöǩ
To put, thrust, or push:
ã
stuck a flower in his buttonhole; sticking her head out the window.
һ仨Ŀͷ
To detain or delay.
ӻƳ
past tense and past participle sticked[st1kt]  To prop (a plant) with sticks or brush on which to grow.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ sticked[st1kt]  ùӻ֦֧ţֲʹ
past tense and past participle sticked Printing To set (type) in a composing stick.
ȥʱ̬ȥִʡ sticked ӡˢ Ǧ֣
Informal To confuse, baffle, or puzzle:
ʽ ססʹԻס
Sometimes even simple questions stick me.
ʱǼ򵥵Ҳʹ
To cover or smear with something sticky.
ճճĶǻͿĨ
Informal To put blame or responsibility on; burden:
ʽ ʹλʧĳˣ
stuck me with the bill.
ʵƸ
Slang To defraud or cheat:
ٵ ƭթ
The dealer stuck me with shoddy merchandise.
Ǹüٻƭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become fixed or embedded in place by having the point thrust in.
ĳڼ˲̶򱣳λ
To become or remain attached or in close association by or as if by adhesion; cling:
ճסڻƺճżû򱣳̶ֹ󸿣
stick together in a crowd; stuck with me on the unfamiliar trail.
Ⱥһ飻ڲϤɽ·һ
To remain firm, determined, or resolute:
֣أּᶨȷ
stuck to basic principles.
ԭ
To remain loyal or faithful:
֣أĻҳϣ
stick by a friend through difficult times.
Σʱڶѱҳ
To persist or endure:
ֻ򱣳֣
a bad name that has stuck.
ӯ
To scruple or hesitate:
ɻԥ
She sticks at nothingno matter how difficult.
ɣж
To be at or come to a standstill; become fixed, blocked, checked, or obstructed:
סֻþ̶ֹססס
stuck in traffic for an hour.
ڽͨдһСʱ
To project or protrude:
ͻ
hair sticking out on his head; an antenna sticking up on the roof.
ͷһͷݶ
?
stick around ʽ
To remain; linger.
ͣ
stick out
To be prominent.
ͻ
Informal To put up with:
ʽ ܣ
had to stick out a bad situation in the office.
òܰ칫ﲻĻ
stick up
To rob, especially at gunpoint.
·٣٣ָǹв
?
be stuck onʽ
To be very fond of.
ǳϲ
stick it toٵ
To treat severely or wrongfully.
ضԴ
stick (one's) neck outʽ
To make oneself vulnerable; take a risk.
ðգʹĳԼܹð
stick to one's guns 
stick by one's guns
To hold fast to an opinion or a set course of action.
֣أһ۵̶Ϊʽ
stick to (one's) knittingʽ
To mind one's own business.
ĳԼ
stick to (one's) ribsʽ
To be substantial or filling. Used of food.
Ļױġʳ
stick up for
To defend or support.
֧
?
Middle English stikke 
йӢ stikke 
from Old English sticca * see  steig- 
Դ Ӣ sticca *μ steig- 

= =
sticky
stick.y
AHD:[st1k?] 
D.J.[6st!ki8]
K.K.[6st!ki]
adj.ݴʣ
stick.i.er,stick.i.est 
Having the property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive.
ճģճϻճסһģճ
Covered with an adhesive agent.
ճסճϼǵ
Warm and humid; muggy:
ʪģȵģ
a sticky day.
ȵһ
Informal Painful or difficult:
ʽ ģʹĻѵģ
a sticky situation.
ѵľ
Economics Tending to remain the same despite changes in the economy. Used of prices or wages.
ѧ ģܾõı仯ڱֲ䡣ڼ۸
?
stickily
adv.ʣ
stickiness
n.ʣ

= =
stiff
stiff
AHD:[st1f] 
D.J.[st!f]
K.K.[st!f]
adj.ݴʣ
stiff.er,stiff.est 
Difficult to bend; rigid.
ӲģģӲ
Not moving or operating easily or freely; resistant:
ģɵػɵתƶģֿģ
a stiff hinge.
׻Ŧ
Lacking ease or comfort of movement; not limber:
ģ˶ȱɻʣģ
a stiff neck.
ӲĲ
Drawn tightly; taut.
ģ
Rigidly formal.
ǳʽ
Lacking ease or grace.
Ȼģȱкŵ
Not liquid, loose, or fluid; thick:
ģҺ̬ģɢģģģ
stiff dough.

Firm, as in purpose; resolute.
ǿģĿᶨģ
Having a strong, swift, steady force or movement:
ǿģǿġȵ
a stiff current; a stiff breeze.
ǿǿ
Potent or strong:
Чģǿҵģ
a stiff drink.

Difficult, laborious, or arduous:
ѵģģѵġĻģ
a stiff hike; a stiff examination.
ѵİ棻ѵĿ
Difficult to comprehend or accept; harsh or severe:
ģܵģϵĻģ
a stiff penalty.
ĳͷ
Excessively high:
ߵģ
a stiff price.
ߵļ۸
Nautical Not heeling over much in spite of great wind or the press of the sail.
 㵹ģкܴķ򷫳ܵѹܴҲûƶٵ
adv.ʣ
In a stiff manner:
ӲأһֽӲķʽ
frozen stiff.
Ӳ
To a complete extent; totally:
ȫأȫأ
bored stiff.

n.Slang ʣٵ 
A corpse.
ʬ
A person regarded as constrained, priggish, or overly formal.
ھнˣΪ̰塢Ը
A drunk.

A person:
һˣ
a lucky stiff; just an ordinary working stiff.
һ˵ļһǸƽ칤
A hobo; a tramp.
˹ˣ˺
A person who tips poorly.
ĹСѸٵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stiffed,stiff.ing,stiffs ٵ 
To tip (someone) inadequately or not at all, as for a service rendered:
СѣСѸú٣ķĳˣǡСѻСѣ
paid the dinner check but stiffed the waiter.
ʵûС
To cheat (someone) of something owed:
ǷƭȡĳˣǷĶ
My roommate stiffed me out of last month's rent.
ҵƭϸµķ
To fail to give or supply (something expected or promised).
ʧţû򹩸ĻĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English stof 
Դ Ӣ stof 
?
stiffish
adj.ݴʣ
stiffly
adv.ʣ
stiffness
n.ʣ
?
stiff,rigid,inflexible,inelastic,tense
These adjectives are compared as they describe what is very firm and does not easily bend or give way.
ӲĲεĶʱЩݴͨ
 Stiff,   the least specific,refers to what can be flexed only with difficulty ( 
 Stiff  ģָЩܱĶ( 
a brush with stiff bristles;
Ӳëˢӣ
a stiff collar); with reference to persons it often suggests a lack of ease, cold formality, or fixity, as of purpose: 
Ӳ) ָʱָȱɵġӲڻĿĹ̶ 
stiff in opinions (John Dryden).
ᶨ Լǣ
 Rigid   andinflexible  apply to what cannot be bent without damage or deformation (  
 Rigid  inflexible ָ˻βܱĶ(  
a table made of rigid plastic;
Ӳӣ
an inflexible knife blade); figuratively they describe what does not relent or yield: 
ĵ) ǵıݻĶ 
under the dictates of a rigid disciplinarian (Thomas B. Aldrich). 
һмߵĶ¡ ķ˹B棩 
In religion the law is written, and inflexible, never to do evil  (Oliver Goldsmith).
ڽΪǳĵġܿݵĺġ 𡤸˹˹
 Inelastic   refers largely to what lacks elasticityand so will not stretch and spring back without marked physical change: 
 Inelastic  ָȱԵĶչʱ仯 
an inelastic substance.
ԵĶ
Tense   means stretched tight;it is applied literally to body structures such as musclesand figuratively to what is marked by tautness or strain: 
Tense  ָģṹ缡⣬ڷǳŵĶ 
that tense moment of expectation (Arnold Bennett).
ŵڴʱ̡ ŵ¡ɵ£

= =
stiffen
stiff.en
AHD:[st1fn] 
D.J.[6st!f*n]
K.K.[6st!f*n]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
stiff.ened,stiff.en.ing,stiff.ens 
To make or become stiff or stiffer.
ʹӲӲ
?
stiffener
n.ʣ

= =
still
still 1
AHD:[st1l] 
D.J.[st!l]
K.K.[st!l]
adj.ݴʣ
still.er,still.est 
Free of sound.
ģ
Low in sound; hushed or subdued.
žģСģĻѹ
Not moving or in motion.
ֹģƶ
Free from disturbance, agitation, or commotion.
ģܸšջɧҵ
Free from a noticeable current:
ˮģûԵģ
a still pond; still waters.
һˮ̶ˮ
Not carbonated; lacking effervescence:
ģݵģ
a still wine.
̼ľ
Of or relating to a single or static photograph as opposed to a movie.
ӰģһӰԵĵƬƬĻ֮йص
n.ʣ
Silence; quiet:
ž
the still of the night.
ҹļž
A still photograph, especially one taken from a scene of a movie and used for promotional purposes.
ӰƬգһžƬָӵӰһĻȡĿĵƬ
A still-life picture.
Ƭ
adv.ʣ
Without movement; motionlessly:
ƶأأ
stand still.
վ
Up to or at the time indicated; yet:
Ծɣָʱ䣻Ȼ
still unfinished; will still be here tomorrow.
ȻûɣԻ
In increasing amount or degree:
̶أ
and still further complaints.
һиıԹ
All the same; nevertheless.
ܣȻ
v.ʣ
stilled,still.ing,stills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make still or tranquil.
ʹֹ򰲾
To make quiet; silence.
ʹʹ
To make motionless.
ʹ
To allay; calm:
᣻ƽϢ
The parents stilled their child's fears of the dark.
ĸ˺ӶԺڰĿ־
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become still.
þֹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English stille * see  stel- 
Դ Ӣ stille *μ stel- 
?
still,quiet,silent,noiseless,soundless
These adjectives mean marked by or making no sound, noise, or movement.
Щݴζûл򲻷ƶص㡣
 Still   implies lack of motion or disturbance;the term often connotes rest or tranquillity: 
 Still  ˼û˶ɧţʾֹƽ 
But after tempest . . . /There came a day as still as heaven  (Tennyson).
һһͻ١ 
 Quiet   suggests the absence of noise, bustle, tumult, or agitation: 
 Quiet  ˼ûҡɧһţ 
life being very short, and the quiet hours of it few (John Ruskin).
ݣӸ̡ Լ˹𣩡
 Silent   refers to absence of sound or noise and may suggest a profound hush: 
 Silent  ָûζһ 
I like the silent church before the service begins (Ralph Waldo Emerson).
ϲǰĽá ߶ࡤĬ
 Noiseless   andsoundless  mean without sound but usually imply freedom from disturbing sound:  
 Noiseless  soundless ָûָͨûгֵ  
th' inaudible and noiseless foot of time (Shakespeare); 
ʱĲŲ  ɯʿǣ 
the soundless footsteps on the grass  (John Galsworthy).
ݵĽŲ Լ˹
?
still
still 2
AHD:[st1l] 
D.J.[st!l]
K.K.[st!l]
n.ʣ
An apparatus for distilling liquids, such as alcohols, consisting of a vessel in which the substance is vaporized by heat and a cooling device in which the vapor is condensed.
һҺװãƾʵװ
A distillery.
ңƳ
?
From Middle English stillen [to distill] 
Դ йӢ stillen [] 
from distillen * see  distill 
Դ distillen *μ distill
?
Still
Still
AHD:[st1l] Andrew Taylor (1828-1917) 
D.J.[st!l]
K.K.[st!l]
NONE޴ԣ
American physician who founded osteopathy (1874).
˹ٶ³̩գ(1828-1917) ҽƹ(1874꣩

= =
stimulate
stim.u.late
AHD:[st1my-l3t] 
D.J.[6st!mj*7le!t]
K.K.[6st!mj*7let]
v.ʣ
stim.u.lat.ed,stim.u.lat.ing,stim.u.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rouse to activity or heightened action, as by spurring or goading; excite.See Synonyms at provoke 
˷ܵĻ̼ͨʹ˷ܲμ provoke
To increase temporarily the activity of (a body organ or part).
̼ʱӣһٻ䲿λĻ
To excite or invigorate (a person, for example) with a stimulant.
ʹ˷ܣ˷ܼʹһˣ˷ܻ򼤶
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To act or serve as a stimulant or stimulus.
̼ã˷ܼ̼
?
Latin stimul3e  stimul3t- [to goad on] 
 stimul3e  stimul3t- [] 
from stimulus [goad] 
Դ stimulus [̼] 
?
stimulater  
stimulator
n.ʣ
stimulatingly
adv.ʣ
stimulation
n.ʣ
stimulative  
stimulatory
AHD:[-l-t?r?, -t?r?] ݴʣ

= =
stimulus
stim.u.lus
AHD:[st1my-ls] 
D.J.[6st!mj*l*s]
K.K.[6st!mj*l*s]
n.ʣ
 stim.u.li[-lo]  
Something causing or regarded as causing a response.
̼أΪӦĶ
An agent, an action, or a condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response.
̼һӦҩΪ״
Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive:
»̼Ķ
Works which were in themselves poor have often proved a stimulus to the imagination(W.H. Auden)
Ʒ֤ΪĴ̼(W.H.µ)
?
Latin goad 
 goad 

= =
sting
sting
AHD:[st1ng] 
D.J.[st!0]
K.K.[st!0]
v.ʣ
stung[st?ng] sting.ing,stings 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pierce or wound painfully with or as if with a sharp-pointed structure or organ, as that of certain insects.
󧣺һ٣ĳЩģʹش̻
To cause to feel a sharp, smarting pain by or as if by pricking with a sharp point:
ʹм˵һ£еѸٵʹ
smoke stinging our eyes.
̴ʹǵ۾
To cause to suffer keenly in the mind or feelings:
ϴʹʹھоܵʹࣺ
Those harsh words stung me bitterly.
ЩԴʹҸеǳʹ
To spur on by or as if by sharp irritation.
̼ǿҵķŭ̼
Slang To cheat or overcharge.
ٵ ƭܣƭҪǮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have, use, or wound with or as if with a sharp-pointed structure or organ, as that of certain insects.
̣м٣ĳģһл
To cause or feel a sharp, smarting pain.
ʹеѸٵʹ
n.ʣ
The act of stinging.
Ķ
The wound or pain caused by or as if by stinging.
ˣ󱻶һ˻ʹ
A sharp, piercing organ or part, often ejecting a venomous secretion, as the modified ovipositor of a bee or wasp or the spine of certain fishes.
룺һٻ򲿷֣ж۷䷢˵ĲٻĳЩĴ
A stinging power, quality, or capacity.
̵ص
A keen stimulus or incitement; a goad or spur:
̼ǿҵĴ̼̼
the sting of curiosity.
Ĵ̼
Slang A complicated confidence game planned and executed with great care, especially an operation organized and implemented by undercover agents to apprehend criminals.
ٵ õȦףǳСĵؼƻִеһָӵƭָ֣һ̽Ϊ׽ﷸ֯ʵʩж
?
Middle English stingen 
йӢ stingen 
from Old English stingan * see  stegh- 
Դ Ӣ stingan *μ stegh- 
?
stingingly
adv.ʣ

= =
stir
stir 1
AHD:[st?r] 
D.J.[stT8]
K.K.[stP]
v.ʣ
stirred,stir.ring,stirs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass an implement through (a liquid, for example) in circular motions so as to mix or cool the contents:
ĳֹԻηʽҺϻȴ壺
stirred the soup before tasting it.
ں֮ǰȽһ
To introduce (an ingredient, for example) into a liquid or mixture:
ѣһϣ뵽ҺУ
stirred a cup of sugar into the cake batter.
һǼ뵽ȥ
To mix together the ingredients of before cooking or use:
룺⿻ʹǰϻ
stirred up some popover batter; stirred the paint.
ϱĲϣ
To alter the placement of slightly; disarrange:
ƶ΢ظıλãʹƶ
had not stirred out of line.
ûƳ
To cause to move briskly or vigorously; bestir.
ƶʹõ˶
To rouse, as from indifference, and prompt to action.See Synonyms at provoke 
Ķ̼ƶж䵭вμ provoke
To provoke deliberately:
⼤
stirred by trouble.
ռ
To excite strong feelings in.
𣺼ԡǿҸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To change position slightly:
Ų΢ƶλã
The dog stirred in its sleep.
˯ʱ΢Ųһλ
To move about actively; bestir oneself.
ԾصƶԼ
To move away from a customary or usual place or position:
뿪ϰߵĻͨĵطߣ
instructed the guards not to stir from their posts.
Ҫ뿪λ
To take place; happen.

To be capable of being stirred:
裺ܱϵ
a mixture that stirs easily.
׽Ļ
To be roused or affected by strong feelings:
ǿҵĸ鼤Ӱ죺
His wrath so stirred within him, that he could have struck him dead(Charles Dickens)
ŭȣֱ(˹Ҹ˹)
n.ʣ
A stirring, mixing, or poking movement.
裬衢ϻŪĶ
A slight movement.
΢ƶ
A disturbance or commotion.
һɧ
An excited reaction; a ferment.
ķӦɧ
?
Middle English stiren 
йӢ stiren 
from Old English styrian [to excite, agitate] 
Դ Ӣ styrian [̼ŭ] 
?
stirrer
n.ʣ
?
stir
stir 2
AHD:[st?r] 
D.J.[stT8]
K.K.[stP]
n.Slang ʣٵ 
Prison.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
stitch
stitch
AHD:[st1ch] 
D.J.[st!t.]
K.K.[st!t.]
n.Abbr. st.ʣд st.
A single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing or surgical suturing.
һ룺һƷдߵһ˶
A single loop of yarn around an implement such as a knitting needle.
ȦĹϵһȦ
The link, loop, or knot made in this way.
ַɵĽӺϡȦ
A mode of arranging the threads in sewing, knitting, or crocheting:
뷨һڷҡ֯֯֯ߵķ
a purl stitch.
뷨
A sudden sharp pain, especially in the side.See Synonyms at pain 
ͻȻʹָĲμ pain
Informal An article of clothing:
ʽ һѣ
wore not a stitch.
һ˿
Informal The least part; a bit:
ʽ СĲ֣һ㣺
didn't do a stitch of work.
һ㹤Ҳû
A ridge between two furrows.
⣺֮
v.ʣ
stitched,stitch.ing,stitch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten or join with or as if with stitches.
죺̶
To mend or repair with stitches:
첹޲޸
stitched up the tear.
ѿ
To decorate or ornament with or as if with stitches:
׺ûһװΣ
The sky was stitched with stars(Mario Puzo)
׺ǡ(¡)
To fasten together with staples or thread.
ϣ߹̶һ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make stitches; sew.
룬
?
in stitchesʽ
Laughing uncontrollably.
޽ƵЦ
?
Middle English stiche 
йӢ stiche 
from Old English stice [sting] * see  steig- 
Դ Ӣ stice [] *μ steig- 
?
stitcher
n.ʣ

= =
stock
stock
AHD:[st?k] 
D.J.[stKk]
K.K.[st$k]
n.Abbr. s.,stk.ʣд s.,stk.
A supply accumulated for future use; a store.
أԹʹõĴ
The total merchandise kept on hand by a merchant, commercial establishment, warehouse, or manufacturer.
һˡҵ塢̴ֻͷȫ
All the animals kept or raised on a farm; livestock.
һũĻֳȫ
The capital or fund that a corporation raises through the sale of shares entitling the stockholder to dividends and to other rights of ownership, such as voting rights.
ɱҵͨƱ۵ʽ𣬱֤Ʊ߷ֺȨѡȨ
The number of shares that each stockholder possesses.
ɷݣƱӵеĹƱݶ
The part of a tally or record of account formerly given to a creditor.
ĿȸծȨ˵ʻĿ¼һ
A debt symbolized by a tally.
ծĿʾծ
The trunk or main stem of a tree or another plant.
ɣֲɻҪ
A plant or stem onto which a graft is made.
޽ӵֲ
A plant or tree from which cuttings and slips are taken.
ȡƬֲľ
The original progenitor of a family line.
ȣһϵʼ
The descendants of a common ancestor; a family line, especially of a specified character:
ϵһͬȵĺϵָһģ
comes from farming stock.
ũ
Ancestry or lineage; antecedents.
ҵϵ
The type from which a group of animals or plants has descended.
ѪͳһֲֶŴ
A race, family, or other related group of animals or plants.
Ⱥֲ塢ƻйصȺ
An ethnic group or other major division of the human race.
壺ֵҪҪ֧
A group of related languages.
ϵһ
A group of related families of languages.
壺һȺ
The raw material out of which something is made.
ԭϣƱĳЩƷԭ
The broth in which meat, fish, bones, or vegetables are simmered for a relatively long period, used as a base in preparing soup, gravy, or sauces.
ԭ֭⡢㡢ͷ߲С൱ʱɵ׼֭ζ֭ĵ֭
A main upright part, especially a supporting structure or block.
֧żܣҪֱָ֣֧Žṹ򹹼
stocks Nautical The timber frame that supports a ship during construction.
 stocks  ̨촬ʱ֧Ŵľ
A frame in which a horse or other animal is held for shoeing or for veterinary treatment. Often used in the plural.
˩ܣﱻ˩סļӣԹҩҽơø
stocks A device consisting of a heavy timber frame with holes for confining the ankles and sometimes the wrists, formerly used for punishment.
 stocks ϣľܵĹߣй̶ףʱҲ̶Ŀףǰ̾
Nautical A crosspiece at the end of the shank of an anchor.
 êˣê󲿵ĺ
The wooden block from which a bell is suspended.
ľ
The rear wooden, metal, or plastic handle or support of a rifle, a pistol, or an automatic weapon, to which the barrel and mechanism are attached.
ǹУ֧ŲǹǹԶĺľơϱװǹܺǹ
The long supporting structure and mooring beam of field-gun carriages that trails along the ground to provide stability and support.
ˣҰսڳĳ֧ŽṹֹͣʱõĳҰսڵʱǿȶȲ֧
A handle, such as that of a whip, a fishing rod, or various carpentry tools.
ӡ˻ľߵı
The frame of a plow, to which the share, handles, coulter, and other parts are fastened.
ܣļӣ֡絶̶ֹ
A theatrical stock company.

The repertoire of such a company.
Ŀ־ŵĳĿ
A theater or theatrical activity, especially outside of a main theatrical center:
糡ϷݳԺϷָϷĵģ
a small role in summer stock.
ļеһСɫ
Botany Any of several Eurasian and Mediterranean plants of the genusMatthiola  in the mustard family, especially M. incana,  widely cultivated for its clusters of showy, variously 
colored flowers. 
ֲѧ һŷ޺͵кʮֻ ֲָ ŷϲ 俪Ĳɫ㷺ֲ 
Games The portion of a pack of cards or of a group of dominoes that is not dealt out but is drawn from during a game.
Ϸ ʣƣ˿ƻŵƵһ֣ҶϷгȡ
Geology A body of intrusive igneous rock of which less than 100 square kilometers (40 square miles) is exposed.
ѧ ꣺һԻ壬100ƽ(40ƽӢ¶ڵر
Zoology A compound organism, such as a colony of zooids.
ѧ л壺һֻл壬һȺһ
Personal reputation or status:
λλ
a teacher whose stock with the students is rising.
ѧĿߵʦ
Confidence or credence:
ģȷţ
I put no stock in that statement.
ҶǸ˵û
A long white neckcloth worn as part of a formal riding habit.
ɫһķװеĳ
A broad scarf worn around the neck, especially by certain clerics.
һΧڲϵĿͷָһЩʦ
Rolling stock.

v.ʣ
stocked,stock.ing,stocks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide or furnish with a stock of something, especially:
ṩṩװĳصĶָ
To supply (a shop) with merchandise.
һ̵꣩
To supply (a farm) with livestock.
һũṩ
To fill (a stream, for example) with fish.
һСӣз
To keep for future sale or use.
棺Ϊ˽ۻʹö
To provide (a rifle, for example) with a stock.
װ粽ǹװϱ
Obsolete To put (someone) in the stocks as a punishment.
 ϼϣĳԳͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather and lay in a supply of something:
أռĳ
stock up on canned goods.
عͷʳƷ
To put forth or sprout new shoots. Used of a plant.
ѿѿѿֲ
adj.ݴʣ
Kept regularly in stock:
ڴģ
a stock item.
ڴĻ
Repeated regularly without any thought or originality; routine:
¸ģظû˼µģ̶ģ
a stock answer.
׵Ļش
Employed in dealing with or caring for stock or merchandise:
ģ򱣹ܴģ
a stock clerk.
Ա
Of or relating to the raising of livestock:
ģĻ֮йصģ
stock farming.
ҵ
Used for breeding:
ֳõģ
a stock mare.
ĸ
Of or relating to a stock company or its repertoire.
ŵģŻ䳣ĿĻ֮йص
Of or being a conventional character or situation that recurs in many literary or cinematic works.
¾ɵģѧƷϷƷгֵĴͳɫε
?
in stock
 Available for sale or use; on hand.
ֻģܱۻʹõģͷ
out of stock
Not available for sale or use.
ֻģܱʹû۵
?
Middle English stok 
йӢ stok 
from Old English stocc [tree trunk] 
Դ Ӣ stocc [] 
?
stockage
n.ʣ
stocker
n.ʣ

= =
stocking
stock.ing
AHD:[st?k1ng] 
D.J.[6stKk!0]
K.K.[6st$k!0]
n.ʣ
A close-fitting, usually knitted covering for the foot and leg made from nylon, silk, cotton, wool, and similar yarns.
ࣺ˿ߡëƵķɴƳɵĽڸȽ֮֯
An item resembling this covering.
Ƴ֮
?
From dialectal stock 
Դ  stock 
from Middle English stokke [leg covering] 
Դ йӢ stokke [֮] 
probably from stok [stock] * see  stock 
Դ stok [] *μ stock
?
stockinged
adj.ݴʣ

= =
stomach
stom.ach
AHD:[st?mk] 
D.J.[6stJm*k]
K.K.[6stJm*k]
n.ʣ
The enlarged, saclike portion of the alimentary canal, one of the principal organs of digestion, located in vertebrates between the esophagus and the small intestine.
θе״֣Ҫ֮һλڼ׵ʳС֮
A similar digestive structure of many invertebrates.
θģ޼׵Ƶ
Any of the four compartments into which the stomach of a ruminant is divided.
θۻθֳɵĲ֮һ
The abdomen or belly.
ӣ
An appetite for food.
θڣʳθ
A desire or inclination, especially for something difficult or unpleasant:
£ָĳЩѻ˲
had no stomach for quarrels.
û
Courage; spirit.

Obsolete Pride.
 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stom.ached,stom.ach.ing,stom.achs 
To bear; tolerate.
̣
Obsolete To resent.
 Թ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French stomaque, estomac 
Դ ŷ stomaque, estomac 
from Latin stomachus 
Դ  stomachus 
from Greek stomakhos 
Դ ϣ stomakhos 
from stoma [mouth] 
Դ stoma [] 

= =
stone
stone
AHD:[st?n] 
D.J.[st*&n]
K.K.[ston]
n.ʣ
Concreted earthy or mineral matter; rock.
ʯͷʣʯ
Such concreted matter of a particular type. Often used in combination:
ʯϣһ͵ﳣڸϴУ
sandstone; soapstone.
ɰңʯ
A small piece of rock.
һСʯ
Rock or a piece of rock shaped or finished for a particular purpose, especially:
ʯΪĳһĿĶӹʯʯС飬ָ
A piece of rock that is used in construction:
ʯڽһʯ
a coping stone; a paving stone.
һǽѹʯһ·ʯ
A gravestone or tombstone.
Ĺʯʯ
A grindstone, millstone, or whetstone.
ĥʯĥ̻ʯ
A milestone or boundary.
̱ʯ
A gem or precious stone.
ʯʯʯͷ
Something, such as a hailstone, resembling a stone in shape or hardness.
״ϻӲʯͷ֮籢
Botany The hard covering enclosing the seed in certain fruits, such as the cherry, plum, or peach.
ֲѧ ˮӲˣĳЩʵڵĺŵӲǣӣҡӻҺ
Pathology A mineral concretion in an organ, such as the kidney or gallbladder, or other body part; a calculus.
ѧ ʯһ״λĿ
pl. stone Abbr. st.A unit of weight in Great Britain, 14 pounds (6.4 kilograms).
 stone д st.ӢʯӢλ14(6.4
Printing A table with a smooth surface on which page forms are composed.
ӡˢ Űʯ̨й⻬ʯ壬ֽӡ
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or made of stone:
ʯģʯͷйػʯͷƳɵģ
a stone wall.
ʯǽ
Made of stoneware or earthenware.
ʯƵģôƳɵ
adv.ʣ
Used as an intensive. Often used in combination:
ǿɷݳڸϴУ
stone cold; standing stone still.
֮˿վ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stoned,ston.ing,stones 
To hurl or throw stones at, especially to kill with stones.
Ͷʯͷ׻ʯͷָʯͷɱ
To remove the stones or pits from.
ȥʯͷӡʯͷ
To furnish, fit, pave, or line with stones.
ʯͷʯͷװΣ򶨽
To rub on or with a stone in order to polish or sharpen.
ĥ⣺ʯͷϻʯͷĦʹ⻬
Obsolete To make hard or indifferent.
 ʹ᣺ʹʯĳĻĮĵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st3n * see  stei- 
Դ Ӣ st3n *μ stei- 
?
stoner
n.ʣ
?
Stone
Stone
AHD:[st?n] Edward Durell (1902-1978) 
D.J.[st*&n]
K.K.[ston]
NONE޴ԣ
American architect who was an exponent of the International Style. Among his notable designs is the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. (1964).
˹ͨ»׶(1902-1978) ʦʷĳߣ֮һǻʢĹõĿ(1964꣩
?
Stone
StoneHarlan Fiske (1872-1946)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice (1925-1941) and the chief justice (1941-1946) of the U.S. Supreme Court.
˹ͨס˹ˣ(1872-1946) ٣߷Ժ󷨹(1925-1941꣩ϯ(1941-1046꣩
?
Stone
StoneIrving (1903-1989)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer of popular biographies, includingLust for Life  (1934), about Vincent van Gogh, and The Agony and the Ecstasy  (1961), about Michelangelo. 
˹ͨŷģ(1903-1989) еĴңƷдɭءߵġ 1934꣩д׿ʻ޵ ʹϲ 1961꣩ 
?
Stone
StoneI(sidor) F(einstein) (1907-1989)
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist who championed liberal causes inI.F. Stone's Weekly  (1953-1971). 
˹ࣩͨѣ˹̹(1907-1989) ߣԡIF˹ͨܿ Ϊ֧ҵ(1953-1971꣩ 
?
Stone
StoneSir (John) Richard (Nicholas) (Born 1913)
NONE޴ԣ
British economist. He won a 1984 Nobel Prize for developing accounting systems to track national and international economics.
˹ͨԼ£˹( 1913) Ӣѧңչ˺񾭼ú͹ʾõĻϵͳ1984ŵ
?
Stone
StoneLucy (1818-1893)
NONE޴ԣ
American feminist and social reformer who organized the first national women's rights convention, held in Worcester, Massachusetts (1850), and was a founder of the American Woman 
Suffrage Association (1869).
˹ͨ¶(1818-1893) ŮȨߺĸң֯ݵ˹ؾеȫһ츾ŮȨ(1850꣩Ůѡϻ(1869꣩齨

= =
stony
stony Ҳ ston.ey
AHD:[st?n?] 
D.J.[6st*&ni8]
K.K.[6stoni]
adj.ݴʣ
ston.i.er,ston.i.est 
Covered with or full of stones:
ʯģװʯͷģ
a stony beach.
ʯĺ̲
Resembling stone, as in hardness.
ӲʯģʯͷģӲȷ
Hardhearted and unfeeling; unemotional.
ʯĳģĳӲģΪ
Exhibiting no feeling or warmth; impassive:
Įģ¶ģģ
a stony expression.
ĮĴ
Emotionally numbing or paralyzing:
ģӲģ
a stony feeling of fear.
Կֲ޸о
?
stonily
adv.ʣ
stoniness
n.ʣ

= =
stool
stool
AHD:[st?l] 
D.J.[stu8l]
K.K.[stul]
n.ʣ
A backless and armless single seat supported on legs or a pedestal.
ӣԵȻֵ֧ޱ޷ֵĵ
A low bench or support for the feet or knees in sitting or kneeling, as a footrest.
ʣŵʣʱ֧ŽŻϥİӻ֧
A toilet seat; a commode.
ˮͰͰ
A bowel movement; an evacuation.
ű㣬
Evacuated fecal matter.
ŷŵķ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A stump or rootstock that produces shoots or suckers.
ĸ꣺Ҹѿ׮׮
A shoot or growth from such a stump or rootstock.
֦Ӹ곤һ֦
v.intr.ﶯʣ
stooled,stool.ing,stools 
Botany To send up shoots or suckers.
ֲѧ ֦ѿ
To evacuate the bowels; defecate.
йͨ
Slang To act as a stool pigeon.
ٵ ̽
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English st?l * see  st3- 
Դ Ӣ st?l *μ st3- 

= =
stoop
stoop 1
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[stu8p]
K.K.[stup]
v.ʣ
stooped,stoop.ing,stoops 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To bend forward and down from the waist or the middle of the back:
򱳲вǰ
had to stoop in order to fit into the cave.
ܽ
To walk or stand, especially habitually, with the head and upper back bent forward.
ǰ㣺·վʱͷϱǰָϰԵ
To bend or sag downward.
䣺´
To lower or debase oneself.
Ա᣺Լ򽵵
To descend from a superior position; condescend.
ӣӸλµλ
To yield; submit.
ӣͬ
To swoop down, as a bird in pursuing its prey.
ˣ׼ʳʱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bend (the head or body) forward and down.
ǰͷ壩
To debase; humble.

n.ʣ
The act of stooping.
Ϊ
A forward bending of the head and upper back, especially when habitual.
ǰ㣺ͷϱǰָϰԵ
An act of self-abasement or condescension.
Ա᣺ұͻ򽵵˸Ϊ
A descent, as of a bird of prey.
ˣˣ
?
Middle English stoupen 
йӢ stoupen 
from Old English st?n 
Դ Ӣ st?n 
?
stoop,condescend,deign
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to descend to a level considered inappropriate to one's dignity: 
Щʵ˼Ϊ͵һΪһ˵ϲĸ߶ȡ 
stooping to contemptible methods to realize their ambitions;
ΪʵǵҰĶȡɱɵֶΣ
won't condescend to acknowledge his rival's greeting;
ԸлĶֵʺ
 didn't even deign to reply. 
мڻش 
?
stoop
stoop 2
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[stu8p]
K.K.[stup]
n.Northeastern U.S. ʣ 
A small porch, platform, or staircase leading to the entrance of a house or building.
ȣ¶̨ͨһݻ¥ڵСȡƽ̨¥ݼ
?
Dutch stoep [front verandah] 
 stoep [ǰ] 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
?
stoop
stoop 3
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[stu8p]
K.K.[stup]
n.ʣ
Variant of stoup 
 stoupı

= =
stop
stop
AHD:[st?p] 
D.J.[stKp]
K.K.[st$p]
v.ʣ
stopped,stop.ping,stops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To close (an opening) by covering, filling in, or plugging up.
رգøǡİ취գһڣ
To constrict (an opening or orifice).
ѹһڻף
To obstruct or block passage on (a road, for example).
谭ڣ·谭ͨ·
To prevent the flow or passage of:
ֹͣ
tried to stop the bleeding.
跨ֹѪ
To cause to halt, cease, or desist:
ʹֹͣʹֹͣͣ
stopped me and asked directions.
ס·
To desist from; cease:
ֹͣӡֹͣ
stop running.
ֹͣ
To order a bank to withhold payment of:
ֹֹͣĸ
stopped the check.
ֹ֧Ʊ
To cause (a motor, for example) to cease operation or function; halt.
ʹֹͣʹ緢ֹͣתʹֹͣ
Music 
֡ 
To press down (a string on a stringed instrument) on the fingerboard to produce a desired pitch.
ָסңΪһټϰסң
To close (a hole on a wind instrument) with the finger in sounding a desired pitch.
ָסףΪһָסĿף
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease moving, progressing, acting, or operating; come to a halt:
ֹͣͣƶǰݻͻȻͣס
The clock stopped at some point during the night.
ʱͣϵĳʱ
To put an end to what one is doing; cease:
ֹֹͣͣĳ£ֹͣ
had to stop at an exciting place in the book.
ʱסھʴͣס
To interrupt one's course or journey for a brief visit or stay:
ͣжĳ˵·̻óһݷʻͣ
stop at the store; stopped at a friend's for a few nights.
̵ͣꣻһѼͣ˼
n.ʣ
The act of stopping or the condition of being stopped; cessation.
ֹֹͣͣĶֹͣ״ֹ̬ͣ
A finish; an end.
ɣ
A stay or visit, as one taken during a trip.
ͣʣĳóͣ
A place at which someone or something stops:
֮ͣĳ˻ĳͣĵص㣺
a regular stop on my paper route; a bus stop.
д¹йɵͣ٣վ
A device or means that obstructs, blocks, or plugs up.
ķ谭ӻĹ߻;
An order given to a bank to withhold payment on a check.
ֹ֪ͨҪֹͣĳһʵ
A part in a machine that stops or regulates movement.
ƶֹͣתĲ
The effective aperture of a lens, controlled by a diaphragm.
ȦţɹȦƵľͷЧ
A mark of punctuation, especially a period.
㣺ͣٵıǣָ
Music 
֡ 
The act of stopping a string or hole on an instrument.
סһףסһ׵Ϊ
A fret on a stringed instrument.
˨
A hole on a wind instrument.

A device such as a key for closing the hole on a wind instrument.
ס׵װã簴
A tuned set of pipes, as in an organ.
ܣеĵ˨
A knob, key, or pull that regulates such a set of pipes.
˨ֵ˨İ֣
Nautical A line used for securing something temporarily:
 ̶ʱ̶סĳߣ
a sail stop.
ê
Linguistics 
ѧ 
See  plosive 
μ  plosive
The depression between the muzzle and top of the skull of an animal, especially a dog.
ݴָͷǰڱ֮İ
Games A stopper.
Ϸ Ԯɱ
Architecture A projecting stone, often carved, at the end of a molding.
ѧ ͻʯͷڽ߽ĩͻʯͷе
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being of use at the end of an operation or activity:
ģֹͣģڣйػΪĳһģ
a stop code.

?
stop down
To reduce (the aperture) of a lens.
СͷģȦ
?
Middle English stoppen 
йӢ stoppen 
from Old English -stoppian 
Դ Ӣ -stoppian 
probably from Vulgar Latin *stupp3e [to caulk] 
Դ  *stupp3e [ʹ©ˮ] 
from Latin stuppa [tow, broken flax] 
Դ  stuppa [мƬ] 
from Greek stupp?} 
Դ ϣ stupp?} 
?
stoppable
adj.ݴʣ
?
stop,cease,desist,discontinue,halt,quit
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring or come to a cessation: 
Щʹе˼ǣʹֹͣﵽֹͣ״̬ 
stop arguing;
ֹۣͣ
ceased crying;
ٿˣ
desist from complaining;
ֹͣԹ
discontinued the treatment;
ټƣ
halting the convoy;

quit laughing. start 
ֹͣЦ start

= =
storage
stor.age
AHD:[st?r1j, st?r-] 
D.J.[6st%8r!d9, 6st*&r-]
K.K.[6st%r!d9, 6stor-]
n.Abbr. stge.,stor.ʣд stge.,stor.
The act of storing goods or the state of being stored.
أƷĶص״̬
A space for storing goods.
ֿ⣺ػĵط
The price charged for keeping goods stored.
ܷѣܻյķ
The charging or regenerating of a storage battery.
磺صĳٳ
Computer Science The part of a computer that stores information for subsequent use or retrieval.
ѧ 洢ռ䣺дϢĲԱʹû
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
αʣ
a storage closet; storage facilities.
Сң豸

= =
store
store
AHD:[st?r, st?r] 
D.J.[st%8, st*&r]
K.K.[st%r, stor]
n.ʣ
A place where merchandise is offered for sale; a shop.
̣Ʒĵط̵
A stock or supply reserved for future use:
أ湩պ֮õĻ򴢱
a squirrel's store of acorns.

stores Supplies, especially of food, clothing, or arms.
 stores ӦӦָʳƷ·ĹӦ
A place where commodities are kept; a warehouse or storehouse.
ֿ⣬ջƷĵطֿ򴢴
A great quantity or number; an abundance.
Ŀԣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stored,stor.ing,stores 
To reserve or put away for future use.
棺ѡػԹպ֮
To fill, supply, or stock.
䡢Ӧ
To deposit or receive in a storehouse or warehouse for safekeeping.
Ĵ棺Ϊ˰ȫĴһֿ򴢴
?
in store
Forthcoming:
ٵģ
great trouble in store for her.
ļٵĴ
?
Middle English stor [supply] 
йӢ stor [Ӧ] 
from Old French estor 
Դ ŷ estor 
from estorer [to build] 
Դ estorer [] 
from Latin o3re} [to restore] * see  st3- 
Դ  o3re} [ָ] *μ st3- 
?
storable
adj.ݴʣ
storer
n.ʣ

= =
storey
sto.rey
AHD:[st?r?, st?r?] 
D.J.[6st%8ri8, 6st*&ri8]
K.K.[6st%ri, 6stori]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of story 2
 storyı2

= =
storm
storm
AHD:[st?rm] 
D.J.[st%8m]
K.K.[st%rm]
n.ʣ
An atmospheric disturbance manifested in strong winds accompanied by rain, snow, or other precipitation and often by thunder and lightning.
꣨ѩǿ꣬ѩˮ׵ΪֵĴ˶
Meteorology A wind with a speed from 64 to 73 miles (from 103 to 117 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.Also called  violent storm 
ѧ 籩Ѹ缶׼ٶΪÿСʱ6473Ӣ(103117Ĵ磬Ҳ  violent storm
A heavy shower of objects, such as bullets or missiles.
ǹֵ꣺ĳЩƷܼĽ䣬ӵ򵼵
A strong or violent outburst, as of emotion or excitement:
ŷǿҵĻҵı򼤶ı
a storm of tears.

A violent disturbance or upheaval, as in political, social, or domestic affairs:
ңɧΡĴһң
a storm of protest.
鱩
A violent, sudden attack on a fortified place.
ϮһйµĵطҵͻȻϮ
v.ʣ
stormed,storm.ing,storms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To blow forcefully.
ǿش
To precipitate rain, snow, hail, or sleet.
ꡢѩ
To be extremely angry; rant and rage.
ŭΪŭ
To move or rush tumultuously, violently, or angrily:
ͳ壺ҵءҵػŭƶܣ
stormed into the room.
첽˷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assault, capture, or captivate by storm.See Synonyms at attack 
ԱϮƻμ attack
?
take by storm
To captivate completely:
ȫظȾ
a new play that took New York City by storm.
ʹŦԼܵ𺳵һϷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
stormy
storm.y
AHD:[st?rm?] 
D.J.[6st%8mi8]
K.K.[6st%rmi]
adj.ݴʣ
storm.i.er,storm.i.est 
Subject to, characterized by, or affected by storms; tempestuous.
ģڱģԱΪĻܱӰģ
Characterized by violent emotions, passions, speech, or actions:
ҵģǿҵ顢̸ΪΪģ
a stormy argument.
һҵ
?
stormily
adv.ʣ
storminess
n.ʣ

= =
story
story 1
AHD:[st?r?, st?r?] 
D.J.[6st%8ri8, 6st*&ri8]
K.K.[6st%ri, 6stori]
n.ʣ
 sto.ries 
An account or a recital of an event or a series of events, either true or fictitious.
£һ¼һϵ¼ΪʵģҲΪ鹹
A usually fictional prose or verse narrative intended to interest or amuse the hearer or reader; a tale.
棺ּ߻߻ʹ䷢ЦͨΪ鹹ɢĻʫ
A short story.
̹
An incident, experience, or subject that furnishes or would be interesting material for a narrative:
С˵زģɷḻµݻɳΪȤزĵ¼⣺
He was colorful, he was charismatic, he was controversial, he was a good story(Terry Ann Knopf)
˶ʡ磬һزġ(ŵ)
The plot of a narrative or dramatic work.
ڣС˵Ϸ
A report, a statement, or an allegation of facts.
ʵ
A news article or broadcast.
һƪű㲥
The event, situation, or other material for such an article or broadcast.
ģű㲥¼
An anecdote.

A lie.

Romantic legend or tradition.
˵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sto.ried,sto.ry.ing,sto.ries 
To decorate with scenes representing historical or legendary events.
ʷ¼¼Ϊͼװ
Archaic To tell as a story.
 £Ĺ
?
Middle English storie 
йӢ storie 
from Old French estorie, estoire 
Դ ŷ estorie, estoire 
from Latin historia * see  history 
Դ  historia *μ history
?
story
story 2
AHD:[st?r?, st?r?] 
D.J.[6st%8ri8, 6st*&ri8]
K.K.[6st%ri, 6stori]
n.ʣ
 sto.ries 
A complete horizontal division of a building, constituting the area between two adjacent levels.
¥㣺ˮƽϵֲ㣬ڵˮƽĿռ
The set of rooms on the same level of a building.
һ㷿䣺ͬһ ͬһˮƽȫ
?
Middle English storie, story 
йӢ storie, story 
from Medieval Latin historia [picture, story (probably from painted windows or sculpture on the front of buildings)] 
Դ  historia [ͼ£ɽǰĴ̶] 
from Latin [history] * see  history 
Դ  [ʷ] *μ history
?
Story
Sto.ry
AHD:[st?r?, st?r?] Joseph (1779-1845) 
D.J.[6st%8ri8, 6st*&ri8]
K.K.[6st%ri, 6stori]
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1811-1845).
˹Լɪ(1779-1845) ѧң߷Ժ󷨹(1811-1845꣩
?
Story
StoryWilliam Wetmore (1819-1895)
NONE޴ԣ
American sculptor known for his neoclassical works, such asCleopatra  (1858). 
˹ΤĬ(1819-1895) ̼ң¹ŵƷ硶¦ 1858꣩ 

= =
stove
stove 1
AHD:[st?v] 
D.J.[st*&v]
K.K.[stov]
n.ʣ
An apparatus in which electricity or a fuel is used to furnish heat, as for cooking or warmth.
¯ӣõȼṩߣ⿻ȡů
A device that produces heat for specialized, especially industrial, purposes.
ܹԹҪǹҵҪװ
A kiln.
Ҥ
Chiefly British A hothouse.
Ӣ 
?
Middle English [heated room] 
йӢ [ůķ] 
probably from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch 
 йź 
both probably from Vulgar Latin *ext?a 
Դ  *ext?a 
from *ext?3re} [to heat with steam] * see  stew 1
Դ *ext?3re} [] *μ stew1
?
A stove to us is something we expect to find in a room,but at one timea stove was a room,specifically, a room for taking a hot-air or steam bath (first recorded in 1456).Around 1545 the 
word is recorded with reference to another room, such as a bedroom, heated with a furnace.The devices used to heat these rooms came to be calledstoves  as well, a use first found 
sometime between 1550 and 1625.Of course, heating devices that we would callstoves  had long been in existence, going back to Roman times.However, the stove as the chief cooking 
device, taking the place of the fireplace, dates only to around the mid-19th century with the widespread use of wood-burning or coal-burning cooking stoves.
˵¯ǿҵĶһʱ䣬ֶָһ䣬ȡȿԡķ䣨״μ1456꣩1545ǰ󣬸ô
һ壬ָһִл¯ȡůķ䣬ҡЩȡůҲstoves  ÷״η1550굽1625䡣ȻǳΪstoves ļ
ܾǰʹˣ ݵʱڡǣôʴ¯ΪҪֻ׷ݵ19ڣʱľĻúȼϵ⿻¯õģƹʹ
?
stove
stove 2
AHD:[st?v] 
D.J.[st*&v]
K.K.[stov]
v.ʣ
A past tense and a past participle of stave 
 staveĹȥʽ͹ȥִ

= =
straight
straight
AHD:[str3t] 
D.J.[stre!t]
K.K.[stret]
adj.ݴʣ
straight.er,straight.est 
Extending continuously in the same direction without curving:
ֱģͬһģ
a straight line.
ֱ
Having no waves or bends:
ֱģûоģ
straight hair.
ֱ
Erect; upright:
ֱģֱģ
has a straight, strong back.
ͦģǿĺ
Perfectly horizontal or vertical; level or even:
ƽ̹ģȫˮƽֱģˮƽĻȵģ
The mirror isn't straight.
ӷŵòƽ
Direct and candid:
ֱʵģ̹ʵģ
a straight answer.
ֱʵĻش
Following a direct or correct method or approach; systematic:
ģֱӵĻȷķ;ģϵͳģ
straight reasoning.

Coming from a reliable source; factual:
ɿģһŵԴģʵģ
a straight tip; straight information.
ɿĽ飻ɿϢ
Showing or marked by honesty or fair-mindedness:
̹ϵģֳгʵ۵ģ
straight business dealings.
̹ϵ
Right; correct:
Եģȷģ
made sure the facts were straight in the report.
֤ʵȷ
Neatly arranged; orderly:
дģкģģ
The room is straight again.
־Ȼ
Uninterrupted; consecutive:
޼ϵģģ
sick for five straight days; their fourth straight victory.
죻Ĵʤ
Having the parts or details in correct sequence.
ģֻϸڰȷе
Games Made up of five cards constituting a sequence in poker.
Ϸ ͬ˳ģŵɵ
Characterized by undeviating support, as of a principle or a political party:
׵ģԶĳһԭĳһһ֧Ϊģ
always votes a straight party line; a straight Democrat.
ͶƱ֧ĳһʵԱ
Not deviating from what is considered socially normal, usual, or acceptable; conventional.
ͳģϿɵͨɽܵı׼ģѭϰ׵
Conventional to an extreme degree.
˱ص
Heterosexual.

Slang Not being under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
ٵ ܺȾƻƷӰ
Not deviating from the normal or strict form:
׼ģϸʽģ
straight Freudian analysis.
ĸ׵
Not altered, embellished, or modified:
ģδıģװ򲻼޸ĵģ
does straight comedy.
ʵϲ
Concerned with serious or important matters:
ҪģĻҪйصģ
a straight drama without comedy or music.
ûϲɷֵϷ
Of or relating to a straight man.
ģڻһֱ˵
Not mixed with anything else; undiluted:
ģûκʻӵģδϡ͵ģ
straight bourbon.
ʿɾ
Sold without discount regardless of the amount purchased.
ۿ۵ģ۹ٶۼ۵
adv.ʣ
In a straight line; directly.
ֱߵأֱ
In an erect posture; upright.
ֱƵأֱ
Without detour or delay:
ֱӵأ·򵢸ģ
went straight home.
ֱӻؼ
Without circumlocution; candidly:
̹ʵأֱʵأ޹Ĩǵأ̹׵أ
I'll say it to you straight: you're wrong.
̹ʵظ㣺
In a neat and orderly condition:
أһ״̬أ
put the living room straight.
ѷʰ
In an honest, law-abiding, or virtuous manner:
ɵأԳʵطеµķʽأ
lives straight.
ɵ
Without stopping; continuously:
ͣأûͣٵأϵأ
walked six hours straight.
һСʱ
Without embellishment or modification:
ӽλװεأ
tell the joke straight; play the role straight.
ƽֱؽЦʵذɫ
Without ice, water, or a mixer:
ˮأ
drinks her whiskey straight.
Ȳӱʿ
n.ʣ
The straight part, as of a road:
ֱ·ֱ֣һ·ֱ֣
The car darted forward on to the straight(Kingsley Amis)
嵽ֱϡ(˹˹)
Sports Games The straight part of a racecourse between the winning post and the last turn.
˶ Ϸ ֱܵյһȦֱ߲֮
A straight line.
ֱ
A straight form or position.
ֱʽλ
Games A poker hand containing five cards of various suits in numerical sequence, ranked above three of a kind and below a flush.
Ϸ ͬ˳ʱŵһƣһƴ󣬱ͬҪС
A conventional person, especially one considered a member of established society.
īسɹˣͳˣָΪһ֯еĳԱ
A heterosexual person.

Slang A person who does not use illegal drugs.
ٵ ʹ÷ǷƷ
?
straight up
Served without ice:
ޱģ
a martini straight up.
Ĳ
?
Middle English [from past participle of] strecchen [to stretch] * see  stretch 
йӢ  [] ԴstrecchenĹȥִ [չ] *μ stretch
?
straightly
adv.ʣ
straightness
n.ʣ

= =
straightforward
straight.for.ward
AHD:[str3t-f?rwrd] 
D.J.[stre!t6f%8w*d]
K.K.[stret6f%rw*d]
adj.ݴʣ
Proceeding in a straight course; direct.
ֱǰģֱǰģֱӵ
Not circuitous or evasive; honest and frank.See Synonyms at frank 1
̹ϵģƱܻģʵ̹ʵĲμ frank1
Free from ambiguity or pretense; plain and open.
ֱʵģģɻεģֱӶ
adv.ʣ
In a direct course or an honest manner.
ֱʵأȡһֱ̹ϵķʽ
?
straightforwardly
adv.ʣ
straightforwardness
n.ʣ
straightforwards
adv.ʣ

= =
strain
strain 1
AHD:[str3n] 
D.J.[stre!n]
K.K.[stren]
v.ʣ
strained,strain.ing,strains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull, draw, or stretch tight:
ק򳶽
strained the sheets over the bed.
ϵı
To exert or tax to the utmost:
ʹ޶ȵʩӻص
straining our ears to hear.
쳤˶ȥ
To injure or impair by overuse or overexertion; wrench:
ŤˣʹùȻʩӶ˻šˣ
strain a muscle.
Ť˼
To stretch or force beyond the proper or legitimate limit:
ǿȳ˺ʵĻϷ޶ȣ
strain a point.
ʵ
To alter (the relations between the parts of a structure or shape) by applying an external force; deform.
ʹΣͨʩı䣨ĳ״ּĹϵʹ
To pass (gravy, for example) through a filtering agent such as a strainer.
ˣʹ֭ȣͨһɸ
To draw off or remove by filtration:
ȥͨʹȥȥ
strained the pulp from the juice.
ȥ֭еĹ
To embrace or clasp tightly; hug.
ӵסӵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make violent or steady efforts; strive hard:
иĻȶŬŬܶ
straining to reach the finish line.
Ŭյ
To be or become wrenched or twisted.
ŤΪŤ
To be subjected to great stress.
ܵǿѹڼѹ֮
To pull forcibly or violently:
Ӳػҵ
The dog strained at its leash.
˩
To stretch or exert one's muscles or nerves to the utmost.
޶ȵĳ˵ļ
To filter, trickle, or ooze.
ˣ˹
To be extremely hesitant; balk:
ԥԥģصģ
a mule that strained at the lead.
Ըǣŵ
n.ʣ
The act of straining.
Ϊ
The state of being strained.
״̬״̬
Extreme or laborious effort, exertion, or work.
˵ĻŬ
A great or excessive pressure, demand, or stress on one's body, mind, or resources:
ѹĳ壬ļĻȵѹҪ򸺵
the strain of managing both a family and a career.
ҪּҪչ˺ùľ޴󸺵
A wrench, twist, or other physical injury resulting from excessive tension, effort, or use.
ˣȵѹŬʹöµŤˡŤ
Physics A deformation produced by stress.
ѧ ѹı
An exceptional degree or pitch:
ͬһĳ̶Ȼ״̬
a strain of zealous idealism.
һȵĿ
?
Middle English streinen 
йӢ streinen 
from Old French estreindre  estrein- [to bind tightly] 
Դ ŷ estreindre  estrein- [] 
from Latin stringere * see  streig- 
Դ  stringere *μ streig- 
?
strain
strain 2
AHD:[str3n] 
D.J.[stre!n]
K.K.[stren]
n.ʣ
The collective descendants of a common ancestor; a race, stock, line, or breed.
ϵѪͳһйͬȵļ᣻ϵףϵѪͳ
Any of the various lines of ancestry united in an individual or a family; ancestry or lineage.
Ʒϵڸ˻ϵκһȵѪϵѪͳϵ
Biology A group of organisms of the same species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate breed or variety:
ѧ ͬ࣬ͬ壺ͨȴΪǲֵͬͬһл壺
a superior strain of wheat; a smooth strain of bacteria.
ӵĸ߼Ʒϵϸ͹
An artificial variety of a domestic animal or cultivated plant.
˹ֲֲࣺ˹
A kind or sort:
һֻһࣺ
imaginings of a morbid strain.
һֲ̬
An inborn or inherited tendency or character.
ԣĻŴԸ
A streak; a trace.See Synonyms at streak 
ʣμ streak
The tone, tenor, or substance of a verbal utterance or of a particular action or behavior:
磺˵ĳһжΪĿݣ
spoke in a passionate strain.
һֶ˵
A prevailing quality, as of attitude or behavior.
̬ȣ̬Ȼֹձ
Often strains Music A passage of expression; a tune or an air:
  strains ֡ ɡһࣻһֻӵӣ
melodic strains of the violin.
С
A passage of poetic and especially lyrical expression.
ʫڣʫʫһλһ
An outburst or a flow of eloquent or impassioned language.
ϲ۱Ե㷢ϲ
?
Middle English strene 
йӢ strene 
from Old English str?n [something gained, offspring] * see  ster- 2
Դ Ӣ str?n [ŬõĶ] *μ ster- 2

= =
strange
strange
AHD:[str3nj] 
D.J.[stre!nd9]
K.K.[strend9]
adj.ݴʣ
strang.er,strang.est 
Not previously known; unfamiliar.
ģǰ֪ģϤ
Out of the ordinary; unusual or striking.
ܳģһģһĻ
Differing from the normal.
ͬѰ
Not of one's own or a particular locality, environment, or kind; exotic.
ģĳԼĻĵģ
Reserved in manner; distant.
ִٵģΪʽбģԶ
Not comfortable or at ease; constrained.
ԶģȻģƵ
Not accustomed or conditioned:
ϰߵģϰߵĻƵģ
She was strange to her new duties.
ûо
Archaic Of, relating to, or characteristic of another place or part of the world; foreign.
 ģһط򲿷ֵģйصĻص
adv.ʣ
In a strange manner.
ֵأһֵķʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estrange [extraordinary, foreign] 
Դ ŷ estrange [ģ] 
from Latin extr3s [adventitious, foreign] 
Դ  extr3s [ӵģ] 
from extr3} [outside] [from feminine ablative of] exter [outward] * see  eghs 
Դ extr3} [ⲿ]  [] ԴexterԶ [] *μ eghs 
?
strangely
adv.ʣ
?
strange,peculiar,odd,queer,quaint,outlandish,singular,eccentric,curious
These adjectives describe what deviates from the usual or customary.
Щݴͨϰ߲ͬ
 Strange  refers especially to what is unfamiliar, unknown, or inexplicable: 
 Strange  ָϤģ֪Ļ޷͵ 
I do hate to be chucked in the dark aboard a strange ship. I wonder where they keep their fresh water (Joseph Conrad).
ҵȷ޺ҹһҲϤĴϱҲ֪ﱣ浭ˮ Լɪ򡤿£
 Peculiar   particularly describes what is distinct from all others: 
 Peculiar  ﲻ֮ͬ 
The kitchen was redolent with the peculiar aromatic odor of cloves. Something that isodd  fails to accord with what is ordinary, usual, or expected, while somethingqueer  deviates 
markedly from the norm; both terms can suggest strangeness or peculiarity: 
Ķζ Odd ͨƽĻԤϲһµĳ Queer ׼кܴ ʶܱʾ⣺ 
I find it odd that his name is never mentioned.
ִδἰ
Now, my suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose   (J.B.S. Haldane).
ڣҵĻ治Ҫ죬ұ ĻҪ족  (JBS
 Quaint  refers to pleasing or old-fashioned peculiarity: 
 Quaint  ָĻʱԣ 
the quaint streets of New Orleans, that most foreign of American cities  (Winston Churchill).
°¶Ľֵġ ˹١𼪶
 Outlandish   suggests alien or bizarre strangeness: 
 Outlandish  ָĻ죺 
They were dressed in a quaint, outlandish fashion  (Washington Irving).
ǵĴŷ족 ʢ١ŷģ
 Singular  describes what is unique or unparalleled;the term often suggests an unusual or peculiar quality that arouses curiosity or wonder: 
 Singular  һ޶Ļ޿ɱ֮ôʳָĻĲƽĻرԣ 
Such poise is singular in one so young.
˱ֳ̩Ȼ˾졣
Eccentric   refers particularly to what departs strikingly from the recognized or conventional: 
Eccentric  ָϿɵĻϰ׵о޴ 
Many consider Berlioz's compositions to be innovative but eccentric.
ΪȵƷдϰ׸롣
Curious  suggests strangeness or novelty that excites interest: 
Curious  ָܹȤ棺 
Americans living abroad often acquire a curious hybrid accent. See also Synonyms at  foreign 
ڹ˳һֵĻӿ μͬ foreign

= =
stranger
strang.er
AHD:[str3njr] 
D.J.[6stre!nd9*]
K.K.[6strend9+]
n.ʣ
One who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.
İˣȷַ֮
A foreigner, a newcomer, or an outsider.
ˣˣ߻
One who is unaccustomed to or unacquainted with something specified; a novice:
֣֣ĳضﲻϰ߻Ϥ֮ˣ֣
a stranger to our language; no stranger to hardship.
ѧǵԵˣϰ֮
A visitor or guest.
߻
Law One that is neither privy nor party to a title, an act, or a contract.
ɡ ߣĳһƺšΪԼϵַǵ˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estrangier 
Դ ŷ estrangier 
from estrange [strange] * see  strange 
Դ estrange [] *μ strange

= =
strap
strap
AHD:[str2p] 
D.J.[str#p]
K.K.[str#p]
n.ʣ
A long, narrow strip of pliant material such as leather.
ԲƳɵĳխƤ
Such a strip equipped with a buckle or similar fastener for binding or securing objects.
пۻƵĿ˩˩ס̶סխ
A thin, flat metal or plastic band used for fastening or clamping objects together or into position.
ڰƷ󸿻ϵһһλõϸƽĽϴ
A narrow band formed into a loop for grasping with the hand.
ڿסֵɻ״խ
A razor strop.
ĥ굶Ƥ
A strip of leather used in flogging.
Ƥޣ֮õƤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
strapped,strap.ping,straps 
To fasten or secure with a strap.
ϵסôϵס̶ס
To beat with a strap.
ףƤ޳
To sharpen (a razor, for example).
ĥ죨굶ȣ
?
Alteration of strop 
 stropı仯

= =
strategic
stra.te.gic
AHD:[str-t?j1k]  Ҳ stra.te.gi.cal [-j1-kl] 
D.J.[str*6ti8d9!k] Ҳ stra.te.gi.cal [-d9!k*l]
K.K.[str*6tid9!k] Ҳ stra.te.gi.cal [-d9!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to strategy.
սԵģսԵģսйص
Important or essential in relation to a plan of action:
شģؼģĳһƻж˵ҪĻؼģ
a strategic withdrawal.
شĳ
Essential to the effective conduct of war:
ģЧչսزٵģ
strategic materials.
ս
Highly important to an intended objective:
ؼģĳһȶĿ˵Ҫģ
The committee discussed strategic marketing factors.
ίԱҪг
Intended to destroy the military potential of an enemy:
սԵģּڴݻٵоǱģ
strategic bombing.
սԺը
?
strategically
adv.ʣ

= =
strategy
strat.e.gy
AHD:[str2t-j?] 
D.J.[6str#t*d9i8]
K.K.[6str#t*d9i]
n.ʣ
 strat.e.gies 
The science and art of using all the forces of a nation to execute approved plans as effectively as possible during peace or war.
սѧںƽսʱھЧһȫȥʵʩ׼ļƻһſѧ
The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of large-scale combat operations.
սȫԲ߻ָӴģսľָӵĿѧ
A plan of action resulting from strategy or intended to accomplish a specific goal.See Synonyms at plan 
սıΪʵʩսԻﵽĳһضĿȡжļƻμ plan
The art or skill of using stratagems in endeavors such as politics and business.
ıκҵȷŬıԵ
?
French stratgie 
 stratgie 
from Greek strat?a [office of a general] 
Դ ϣ strat?a [칫] 
from strat?s [general] * see  stratagem 
Դ strat?s [] *μ stratagem

= =
straw
straw
AHD:[str?] 
D.J.[str%8]
K.K.[str%]
n.ʣ
Stalks of threshed grain, used as bedding and food for animals, for thatching, and for weaving or braiding, as into baskets.
̸ˣѹȵĹľˣ棬ϣǷԼ֯
A single stalk of threshed grain.
ѹȵĹĵ
Something, such as a hat or basket, made of straw.
ñɵݱ֯ɵĶñӻ
A slender tube used for sucking up a liquid.
ܣҺ
Something of minimal value or importance.
޼ֵҪĶ
Something with too little substance to provide support in a crisis:
ݣΣм𲻵ʲôõĶ
Near the end we were grasping at straws.
쵽ץ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or made of straw:
ݵģɵģڣڻɵɵģ
a straw mat.
һñ
Containing or used for straw, as a barn or feeding trough.
ݷŻڵݵģֿʳ
Color Of the color of straw; yellowish.
ɫʡ ɫģɫ
Having little or no value or substance; unimportant.
ûмֵģҪ
Of, relating to, or constituting a straw man.
˵ģڣڻɵɵ
?
straw in the wind
A slight hint of something to come.
ĳҪ΢ʾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English str?w * see  ster- 2
Դ Ӣ str?w *μ ster- 2
?
strawy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
strawberry
straw.ber.ry
AHD:[str?br?] 
D.J.[6str%87beri8]
K.K.[6str%7bWri]
n.ʣ
Any of various low-growing plants of the genusFragaria,  having white flowers and an aggregate fruit that consists of a red, fleshy, edible receptacle and numerous seedlike fruitlets. 
ݮݮ һֵʹֲаɫ;ۺϹþۺϹɺɫʿʳĻкĹʵ 
The aggregate fruit of this plant.
ݮֲľۺϹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English str?e 
Դ Ӣ str?e 
str?w [straw] * see  straw 
str?w [] *μ straw
berige, berie [berry] * see  berry 
berige, berie [] *μ berry
?
Izaak Walton's 1655 comment,We may say of Angling as Dr. Boteler said of Strawberries; Doubtless God could have made a better berry, but doubtless God never did,is perhaps 
the nicest use of the wordstrawberry  in its history. This history goes back much further in English to the Old English period when the word is first recorded.We know thatstrawberry  was 
formed during that period from the Old English ancestors of our words straw  and berry.  What is not known is why the wordstraw  is the first part of this compound. One possibility is 
that the small, one-seeded fruits on the surface of a strawberry resemble fragments of straw.
ֶ1655۵ǿ̸۵ͬҽ̸۲ݮɵأϵۿԴһָõĽûһۿ
strawberry ʷõ÷ ӢУʵ¼ʷɸԶ׷ݵӢʱڡ֪strawberry ʱǵĴ straw  berry Ĺ
Ӣȡ Ϊʲôϴʵǰ벿Ϊstraw ޴ӵ֪ һֿǲݮСĵ״Ĺʵ󵾲ݵƬ

= =
stream
stream
AHD:[str?m] 
D.J.[stri8m]
K.K.[strim]
n.ʣ
A flow of water in a channel or bed, as a brook, rivulet, or small river.
ںӵӴˮСϪϸС
A steady current in such a flow of water.
ˮȶˮ
A steady current of a fluid.
Һȶ
A steady flow or succession:
ȶ
a stream of insults.See Synonyms at flow 
һμ flow
A trend, course, or drift, as of opinion, thought, or history.
ƣ˼ʷ򣬹̻
A beam or ray of light.
߻
Chiefly British A course of study to which students are tracked.
Ӣ ѧбĿγ
v.ʣ
streamed,stream.ing,streams 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To flow in or as if in a stream.
ڻƺں
To pour forth or give off a stream; flow:
ע
My eyes were streaming with tears.
ҵˮ
To come or go in large numbers; pour:
޴أע
Traffic was streaming by. Fan mail streamed in.
Ϣżӿ
To extend, wave, or float outward:
Ʈ죬򸡶
The banner streamed in the breeze.
΢ӭƮ
To leave a continuous trail of light.
һĹ
To give forth a continuous stream of light rays or beams; shine.
ϵĹ߻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To emit, discharge, or exude (a body fluid, for example).
עҺ
?
on stream
In or into operation or production:
л
a new power plant soon to go on stream.
һͶеĵ糧
?
Middle English streme 
йӢ streme 
from Old English str?m * see  sreu- 
Դ Ӣ str?m *μ sreu- 
?
streamy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
streamline
stream.line
AHD:[str?mlon] 
D.J.[6stri8m7la!n]
K.K.[6strim7la!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stream.lined,stream.lin.ing,stream.lines 
To construct or design in a form that offers the least resistance to fluid flow.
ʹͣṩҺСʽ
To improve the appearance or efficiency of; modernize.
ʹִơıЧʣʹִ
To organize.
֯
To simplify.
ʹ򵥻
n.ʣ
A line that is parallel to the direction of flow of a fluid at a given instant.
ߣһľҺƽе
The path of one particle in a flowing fluid.
Һĳ΢Ĺ켣
A contour of a body constructed so as to offer minimum resistance to a fluid flow.
ͣΪҺṩС

= =
street
street
AHD:[str?t] 
D.J.[stri8t]
K.K.[strit]
n.ʣ
Abbr. st.,St.
д st.,St.
A public way or thoroughfare in a city or town, usually with a sidewalk or sidewalks.
ֵлеĹ·ͨһе
Such a public way considered apart from the sidewalks:
·ΪеĹ·
Don't play in the street.
·ˣ
A public way or road along with the houses or buildings abutting it:
ֵзݻĹõ·
lives on a quiet street.
һĽֵ
The people living, working, or habitually gathering in or along a street:
ȫˣؽ򾭳ۼһǣ
The whole street protested the new parking regulations.
ֵǷһµͣ
Street A district, such as Wall Street in New York City, that is identified with a specific profession. Often used withthe.  
 Street ĳһ֣ΪĳһְҵͬĵŦԼеĻ֣ͨthe  
The streets of a city viewed as the scene of crime, poverty, or dereliction.
ƶ򣬷򣺱ΪǷƶĳнֵ
adj.ݴʣ
Near or giving passage to a street:
ڽֵͨģ
a street door.
ٽֵ
Taking place in the street:
ڽϷģ
a street brawl; street crime.
ֶϷ
Living or making a living on the streets:
ϵģڽֵϻڽֵıģ
street people; a street vendor.
ϵǣַ
Performing on the street:
ڽϱݵģ
street musicians; a street juggler.
ͷּңͷС
Crude; vulgar:
³ģ׵ģ
street language; street humor.
׵ԣ׵Ĭ
Appropriate for wear or use in public:
ʺڽͷõģ
street clothes.
ͷװ
?
on the street 
in the street
Without a job; idle.
ûйģй
Without a home; homeless.
޼ҵģ޼ҿɹ
Out of prison; at liberty.

?
Middle English strete 
йӢ strete 
from Old English str??t} 
Դ Ӣ str??t} 
from Late Latin str3a [paved road] 
Դ  str3a [·] 
from Latin [feminine past participle of] sternere [to stretch, extend, pave] * see  ster- 2
Դ   [] sternereԹȥִ [ӣչ] *μ ster- 2

= =
strength
strength
AHD:[strngkth, strngth, strnth] 
D.J.[stre0kG, stre0G, strenG]
K.K.[strW0kG, strW0G, strWnG]
n.ʣ
The state, property, or quality of being strong.
״̬Ʒ
The power to resist attack; impregnability.
Թ
The power to resist strain or stress; durability.
ǿȣֿѹ
The ability to maintain a moral or intellectual position firmly.
־ά»˼
Capacity or potential for effective action:
ЧжǱܣ
a show of strength.
ʾ
The number of people constituting a normal or ideal organization:
һ淶Ļ֯ṹ
The police force has been at half strength since the budget cuts.
ԴԤ󣬾ֻʣһ
Military capability in terms of personnel and materiel:
Աװľʵ
an army of fearsome strength.
һ֧˺֮ʵľ
A source of power or force.
Դ
One that is regarded as the embodiment of protective or supportive power; a support or mainstay.
֧ߣΪ֧ˣ֧˻ά
An attribute or a quality of particular worth or utility; an asset.
ŵ㣺ֵ;صƷʣ
Degree of intensity, force, effectiveness, or potency in terms of a particular property, as:
Ķȣĳһص˵ǿȡЧԻЧ磺
Degree of concentration, distillation, or saturation; potency.
ŨȣжȣŨȣͶȣЧ
Operative effectiveness or potency.
ЧܣЧԻǱ
Intensity, as of sound or light.
ǿȣߵģǿ
Intensity or vehemence, as of emotion or language.
ҶȣԵǿҳ̶Ȼҳ̶
Effective or binding force; efficacy:
ЧЧЧ
the strength of an argument.
۵Ч
Firmness of or a continuous rising tendency in prices, as on the stock market.
۸ͦƣڹƱг۸ͦ
Games Power derived from the value of playing cards held.
Ϸ ԴеƵĴСʵ
?
on the strength of
On the basis of:
ڡϣ
She was hired on the strength of her computer skills.
ļ¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English strengthu 
Դ Ӣ strengthu 
?
strength,power,might,energy,force
These nouns are compared as they denote the capacity to act or work effectively.
ЩָЧжʱ֮Ƚϡ
 Strength  refers especially to physical, mental, or moral robustness or vigor: 
 Strength  ָģĻϵļǿ 
enough work to do, and strength enough to do the work (Rudyard Kipling). 
㹻Ĺ㹻 ¶ǵ¡֣ 
We are of course a nation of differences. Those differences don't make us weak. They're the source of our strength (Jimmy Carter).
Ȼһ಻ͬĹҡЩͬûǡԴȪ סأ
 Power   is the ability to do somethingand especially to produce an effect: 
 Power  ĳµָЧ 
I do not think the United States would come to an end if we lost our power to declare an Act of Congress void (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
ûᷨЧ ´Ĭ˹Jr)
 Might  often implies abundant or extraordinary power: 
 Might  ʾǿĻͬѰ 
With twenty-five squadrons of fighters he could defend the island against the whole might of the German Air Force (Winston S. Churchill).
˶ʮսʿܿ¹Ŀվ족 ˹١S𼪶
 Energy  in this comparison refers especially to a latent source of power: 
 Energy  Ƚ϶ָǱڵԴȪ 
The same energy of character which renders a man a daring villain would have rendered him useful to society, had that society been well organized  (Mary Wollstonecraft).
ҪõĻͬʹһ˳ΪΪĶԸеǱ˵ʹΪһõˡ ˹ͨܽأ
 Force  is the application of power or strength: 
 Force  ָʹã 
the overthrow of our institutions by force and violence (Charles Evans Hughes).
ͱƷǵĻ ˹˹

= =
strengthen
strength.en
AHD:[strngkthn, strng-, strn-] 
D.J.[6stre0kG*n, 6stre0-, 6stren-]
K.K.[6strW0kG*n, 6strW0-, 6strWn-]
v.ʣ
strength.ened,strength.en.ing,strength.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make strong or increase the strength of.
ǿʹǿ׳ӡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become strong or stronger.
ǿʹǿ׳ǿ׳
?
strengthener
n.ʣ

= =
stress
stress
AHD:[strs] 
D.J.[stres]
K.K.[strWs]
n.ʣ
Importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something.See Synonyms at emphasis 
ҪǿҪصĳǿμ emphasis
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The relative force with which a sound or syllable is spoken.
ڵԵ
The emphasis placed on the sound or syllable spoken most forcefully in a word or phrase.
ڴʻзǳڵض
The relative force of sound or emphasis given a syllable or word in accordance with a metrical pattern.
ضڱڻʫӦص
A syllable having strong relative emphasis in a metrical pattern.
ʫ
Music Accent or a mark representing it.
֡ 
Physics 
ѧ 
An applied force or system of forces that tends to strain or deform a body.
ӦʹŻεӦϵͳ
The internal resistance of a body to such an applied force or system of forces.
вǿϵͳõӦ
A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences and capable of affecting physical health, usually characterized by 
increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, muscular tension, irritability, and depression.
ѹ粻Ӱµһ־ѹֻɥ״Ӱ彡ͨΪʼӿ죬Ѫѹߣţŭѹ
A stimulus or circumstance causing such a condition.
״̬Ĵ̼򻷾
A state of extreme difficulty, pressure, or strain:
ѹѣѹŶ״̬
He presided over the economy during the period of its greatest stress and danger(Robert J. Samuelson)
ھѹΣյڼ˴֡(޲J.Ѷɭ)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stressed,stress.ing,stress.es 
To place emphasis on:
ڣ
stressed basic fire safety.
ڻķȫ
To give prominence to (a syllable or word) in pronouncing or in accordance with a metrical pattern.
ضڷлʫӦĶԣڻʣض
To subject to physical or mental pressure, tension, or strain.
ѹڣܵѹѹŵĳ̶
To subject to mechanical pressure or force.
ܵеѹ
To construct so as to withstand a specified stress.
Ϊ˳ضѹ
?
stress out ٵ
To subject to or undergo extreme stress, as from working.
ѹڹļѹ
?
Middle English stresse [hardship] 
йӢ stresse [] 
partly from destresse  from Old French * see  distress 
Դ destresse  Դ ŷ *μ distress
and partly from Old French estrece [narrowness, oppression]  from Vulgar Latin *strictia  from Latin strictus [past participle of] stringere [to draw tight] * see  strait 
ҲԴ ŷ estrece [խѹ]  Դ  *strictia  Դ  strictus  [] stringereĹȥִ [] *μ strait
?
STRESS
STRESS
AHD:[strs] 
D.J.[stres]
K.K.[strWs]
n.Computer Science ʣѧ 
A language designed for use in solving structural analysis problems in civil engineering.
ṹϵͳԣľڽṹһ
?
str(uctural) e(ngineering) s(ystems) s(olver) 
str(uctural) e(ngineering) s(ystems) s(olver) 

= =
stretch
stretch
AHD:[strch] 
D.J.[stret.]
K.K.[strWt.]
v.ʣ
stretched,stretch.ing,stretch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lengthen, widen, or distend:
ӳ쳤
stretched the sweater out of shape.
ʹë쳤
To cause to extend from one place to another or across a given space:
ֱһصһصԽһռ죺
stretched the banner between two poles.
ֱ֮
To make taut; tighten:
ʹ
stretched the tarpaulin until it ripped.
ʹͲ
To reach or put forth; extend:
չ
stretched out his hand.

To extend (oneself or one's limbs, for example) to full length:
չչؽڣ̶ȣ
stretches herself after waking up; stretched his calves before running.
·չؽڣܲǰչС
To extend (oneself) when lying down:
ɣʱչԼ
she stretched herself out on the couch and fell asleep.
ɳ˯
To put to torture on the rack.
̼ĥ
To wrench or strain (a muscle, for example).
ʹȽţŤʹ缡⣩
To extend or enlarge beyond the usual or proper limits:
ʹչչ󳬳ͨʵƣ
stretch the meaning of a word; stretch one's imagination.
һʵ˼չĳ˵
To subject to undue strain:
ѹֵܵѹ
This situation really stretches my patience.
ʹ޿
To expand in order to fulfill a larger function:
ڼӳʹã
stretch a budget; stretch a paycheck.
ԤϽڼӳʹãԹʽоϸ
To increase the quantity of by admixture or dilution:
ͨӻϡ
stretch a meal by thinning the stew.
ͨʹʳϡʳ
To prolong:
ӳ
stretch out an argument; stretch the payments.
һ۵㣬ӳ
Informal To fell by a blow:
ʽ ʹ
stretched his opponent in the first round.
ڵһغϻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lengthened, widened, or distended.
䳤쳤
To extend or reach over a distance or an area or in a given direction:
չԽһξ룬һԸķ
On both sides of us stretched the wet plain(Ernest Hemingway)
ǵʪԭҰ(ŷ˹ء)
To lie down at full length:
ɣ֫ƽ̯£
stretched out on the bed for a nap.
֫ƽ̯ڴС˯һ
To extend one's muscles or limbs, as after prolonged sitting or on awakening.
չؽڳڵŻѺ
To extend over a given period of time:
ԽԽһθʱ䣺
This story stretches over a whole generation(William Golding)
´Խһˡ()
n.ʣ
The act of stretching or the state of being stretched.
չչĶ쳤״̬
The extent or scope to which something can be stretched; elasticity.
ԣɱ쳤ĳ̶ȻΧ
A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse:
֣ϵĳȣռ䣺
an empty stretch of highway.
һοյĸٹ·
A straight section of a racecourse or track, especially the section leading to the finish line.
յֱܵıֱݣָͨյߵĲ
A continuous period of time.
һʱ
Slang A term of imprisonment:
ٵ ڣ
served a two-year stretch.
̶
Informal The last stage of an event, a period, or a process.
ʽ ׶Σ¼һʱһ̵׶
Baseball The movement in which a pitcher raises both hands to the height of the head and then lowers them to the waist for a short pause before pitching the ball. It is used as an 
alternative to a wind-up, especially when runners are on base.
 ۶еһֶͶ־˫ָ߼ͷȻ󽵵˫Ͷ֮ǰͣΪһֽԵѡʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Made of an elastic material that stretches easily:
еԵģĵԲɵģ
stretch pants.

Of, relating to, or being a vehicle, such as a limousine or passenger jet, having an extended seating area that provides extra space for more passengers, leg room, or amenities.
λģڣڻΪģγʽͻλΪÿͣȲػʩṩĿռ
?
stretch (one's) legs
To go for a walk, especially after a lengthy period of sitting.
ɢɢָڳһʱ
?
Middle English strecchen 
йӢ strecchen 
from Old English streccan 
Դ Ӣ streccan 
?
stretchability
n.ʣ
stretchable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
strict
strict
AHD:[str1kt] 
D.J.[str!kt]
K.K.[str!kt]
adj.ݴʣ
strict.er,strict.est 
Precise; exact:
ȷģǡôģ׼ȷģ
a strict definition.
ȷĶ
Complete; absolute:
ģԵģ
strict loyalty.
Եҳ
Kept within narrowly specific limits:
ضխΧڵģ
a strict application of a law.
ضխΧڵʹ
Rigorous in the imposition of discipline:
ģ
a strict parent.
ĸĸ
Exacting in enforcement, observance, or requirement; stringent:
ϸģִУػҪϸģϸģ
strict standards.See Synonyms at severe 
ϸı׼μ severe
Conforming completely to established rule, principle, or condition:
صģȫеĹԭģ
a strict vegetarian.
һϽʳ
Botany Stiff, narrow, and upright.
ֲѧ ֱģֱģխĺʹֱ
?
Middle English stricte [narrow, small] 
йӢ stricte [խģС] 
from Latin strictus [tight, strict] [past participle of] stringere [to draw tight] * see  streig- 
Դ  strictus [ŵģϸ]  [] stringereĹȥִ [] *μ streig- 
?
strictly
adv.ʣ
strictness
n.ʣ

= =
stride
stride
AHD:[strod] 
D.J.[stra!d]
K.K.[stra!d]
v.ʣ
strode[str?d] strid.den[str1dn] strid.ing,strides 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way.
̤ߣнָæ
To take a single long step, as in passing over an obstruction.
һ󲽣ԿԽϰ
To stand or sit astride; straddle.
Խֿվ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To walk with long steps on, along, or over:
̤ߣ
striding the stage.
̤߹̨
To step over or across:
Խ̤
stride a brook.
ԽһСϪ
To be astride of; straddle.
վ
n.ʣ
The act of striding.
粽Ķ
A single long step.
һ
The distance traveled in such a step.
һľ
A single coordinated movement of the four legs of a horse or other animal, completed when the legs return to their initial relative position.
һ磺Эһο粽Ȼصԭλʱ
The distance traveled in such a movement.
һο粽ľ
A step of progress; an advance. Often used in the plural:
չø
making great strides in their studies.
ѧϰȡúܴĽ
?
hit (one's) stride
To achieve a steady, effective pace.
ﵽȶЧĲ
To attain a maximum level of competence.
ﵽˮƽ
take in (one's) stride
To cope with calmly, without interrupting one's normal routine:
ݶԸĳ£侲أճش
taking their newfound wealth in stride.
ݴ·ֵĲƸ
?
Middle English striden 
йӢ striden 
from Old English stron 
Դ Ӣ stron 
?
strider
n.ʣ

= =
striking
strik.ing
AHD:[strok1ng] 
D.J.[6stra!k!0]
K.K.[6stra!k!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.See Synonyms at noticeable 
עĿģעĺӾԺвӡĲμ noticeable
?
strikingly
adv.ʣ
strikingness
n.ʣ

= =
string
string
AHD:[str1ng] 
D.J.[str!0]
K.K.[str!0]
n.ʣ
A cord usually made of fiber, used for fastening, tying, or lacing.
ӣӣͨάɵߣڼӹ̣ϵ
Something configured as a long, thin line:
˿ΪϸĶ
limp strings of hair.
ķ˿
A plant fiber.
ֲά
A set of objects threaded together:
һ壺
a string of beads.
һ
A series of similar or related acts, events, or items arranged or falling in or as if in a line.See Synonyms at series 
һУһϵƻصΪ¼Ʒвμ series
Computer Science A set of consecutive characters treated by a computer as a single item.
ѧ ַһַڼбΪһ
Informal 
ʽ 
A set of animals, especially racehorses, belonging to a single owner; a stable.
һȺͬһһȺһȺ
A scattered group of businesses under a single ownership or management:
ҵͬһ߻ʲһϵзɢҵ
a string of boutiques.
ʱװƷС̵
Sports A group of players ranked according to ability within a team:
˶ һ֧иݲμߵеıӣ
He made the second string.
ǵڶ
Music 
֡ 
A cord stretched on an instrument and struck, plucked, or bowed to produce tones.
ϵңͨ
Also strings The section of a band or an orchestra composed of stringed instruments.
 Ҳ strings ֶӻֶ
Also strings Stringed instruments or their players considered as a group.
 Ҳ strings ߵܳ
Architecture 
ѧ 
A stringboard.
¥б
A stringcourse.
㹰
Games The balk line in billiards.
Ϸ ̨еĿ
Sports A complete game consisting of ten frames in bowling.
˶ ڱ10ɵϷ
Also strings Informal A limiting or hidden condition:
 Ҳ strings ʽ ƵĻ
a gift with no strings attached.
һûκθӺ
v.ʣ
strung[str?ng] string.ing,strings 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fit or furnish with strings or a string:
ңöһװϻϣ
string a guitar.
Ἢ
To thread on a string.

To arrange in a string or series.
ʹųһлһϵ
To fasten, tie, or hang with a string or strings.
ϵ߹
To stretch out or extend:
չ
string a wire across a room.
ڷ
To strip (vegetables) of fibers.
ȥˣĽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form strings or become stringlike.
Σγͻ״
To extend or progress in a string, line, or succession.
ͻչ
?
string along ʽ
To go along with something; agree.
޳ĳ£ͬ
To keep (someone) waiting or in a state of uncertainty.
ʹĳˣϵȴθ
To fool, cheat, or deceive.
Ūƭ
string up ʽ
To kill (someone) by hanging.

?
on the string
Under one's complete control or influence.
ĳ˵ĳ׿ƻӰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English streng 
Դ Ӣ streng 

= =
strip
strip 1
AHD:[str1p] 
D.J.[str!p]
K.K.[str!p]
v.ʣ
stripped,strip.ping,strips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove clothing or covering from.
ȥȥ򸲸ǲ
To deprive of (clothing or covering).
ȥ򸲸ǲ㣩
To deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; divest.
᣺ΡְȨƲ
To remove all excess detail from; reduce to essentials.
ɾȥһвҪϸڣʹ
To remove equipment, furnishings, or supplementary parts or attachments from.
װҾ߻򲹳Ĳݻ򸽼
To clear of a natural covering or growth; make bare:
Ȼʹͺ
strip a field.

To remove an exterior coating, as of paint or varnish, from:
γȥ㣬۲᣺
stripped and refinished the old chest of drawers.
ȥϳ㲢
To remove the leaves from the stalks of. Used especially of tobacco.
ժҶӾժȡҶӡ̲
To dismantle (a firearm, for example) piece by piece.
ֽ⣨һһزж
To damage or break the threads of (a screw, for example) or the teeth of (a gear).
۶ϣƻ۶ ݸ˵ģƻ򣨳ֵģ
To press the last drops of milk from (a cow or goat, for example) at the end of milking.
һ̣̿ʱӣţм
To rob of wealth or property; plunder or despoil.
Ӷ᣺ٲƲٺϴ
To mount (a photographic positive or negative) on paper to be used in making a printing plate.
ãѣƬƬõڳϴƬֽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undress completely.

To perform a striptease.

To fall away or be removed; peel.
ƿ
n.ʣ
A striptease.

?
Middle English stripen 
йӢ stripen 
from Old English -strtn [to plunder] 
Դ Ӣ -strtn [] 
in bestrtn 
 bestrt 
?
strip,divest,denude,bare
These verbs signify to remove clothing, coverings, possessions, or attributes from someone or something.
Щʱʾȥĳ˻ĳƤʹĳ˻ĳʧȥƲص㡣
 Strip   often suggests forceful or abrupt peeling or tearing off: 
 Strip  ʾͻȻذȥ˺ȥ 
a party of fifteen or twenty . . . stripped to their shirts (Frederick Marryat). 
1520˵ľۻᡭѵֻʣ³ ׵ˡأ 
He stripped the skin from the banana  (John Galsworthy).
ȥ㽶Ƥ ԼǶ˹˹
 Divest   usually specifies deprivation, as of rank or its symbols: 
 Divest  ͨʾָذᣬְλ 
That all men . . . have certain inherent rights, of which . . . they cannot by any compact . . . divest their posterity (George Mason).Todenude  is to remove a usual or natural covering: 
 
еˡһļ̳Ȩһ̳Ȩǲܴǵĺ϶ߡ ΡѷDenude ָȥͨȻ  
Construction began only after the tract had been denuded of trees.
ֻеһľɾʱܿʼ졣
Bare   implies uncovering and exposing, as to view: 
Bare  ָҿʹ¶Ӿ 
Bystanders bared their heads as the funeral procession passed. 
ӾʱԹȥñ 
?
strip
strip 2
AHD:[str1p] 
D.J.[str!p]
K.K.[str!p]
n.ʣ
A long narrow piece, usually of uniform width:
ͨͬȵĳխƬ
a strip of paper; strips of beef.
һֽһƬţ
A long narrow region of land or body of water.
ĵˮ
A comic strip.

An airstrip.

An area, as along a busy street or highway, that is lined with a great number and variety of commercial establishments.
ֻֽٹ·ĵдҵʩ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stripped,strip.ping,strips 
To cut or tear into strips.
гɻ˺Ƭ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
perhaps from Middle Low German strippe [strap, thong] 
Դ йŵ͵ص strippe [] 

= =
stripe
stripe 1
AHD:[strop] 
D.J.[stra!p]
K.K.[stra!p]
n.ʣ
A long narrow band distinguished, as by color or texture, from the surrounding material or surface.
ɫʵϣбΧϻ
A textile pattern of parallel bands or lines on a contrasting background.
ƣ뱳γɶԱȵƽı֯ͼ
A fabric having such a pattern.
֯
A strip of cloth or braid worn on a uniform to indicate rank, awards received, or length of service; a chevron.
ʿףƷϵ·ƻƱʾΣõĽ£۵ʱ䳤̣Vͱ
Sort; kind:
֣ࣺ
All Fascists are not of one mind, one stripe(Lillian Hellman)
еķ˹߲һ˼룬һࡱ(ն)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
striped,strip.ing,stripes 
To mark with stripes or a stripe.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
possibly from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
or Middle Low German stroe 
 йŵ͵ص stroe 
?
stripe
stripe 2
AHD:[strop] 
D.J.[stra!p]
K.K.[stra!p]
n.ʣ
A stroke or blow, as with a whip.
޴򣬳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 

= =
strive
strive
AHD:[strov] 
D.J.[stra!v]
K.K.[stra!v]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
strove[str?v] striv.en[str1vn]   strived striv.ing,strives 
To exert much effort or energy; endeavor.
ŬŬŬ
To struggle or fight forcefully; contend:
󣻶
strive against injustice.

?
Middle English striven 
йӢ striven 
from Old French estriver 
Դ ŷ estriver 
from estrit, estrif [quarrel] * see  strife 
Դ estrit, estrif [] *μ strife
?
striver
n.ʣ
strivingly
adv.ʣ

= =
stroke
stroke 1
AHD:[str?k] 
D.J.[str*&k]
K.K.[strok]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of striking, as with the hand, a weapon, or a tool; a blow or an impact.
򣬻֣򹤾ôΪӣһδ
The striking of a bell or gong.
ӻ
The sound so produced.
ӻ巢
The time so indicated:
ӻʾʱ䣺
at the stroke of midnight.
ҹ
A sudden action or process having a strong impact or effect:
ͻһǿЧͻȻж̣
a stroke of lightning.
һ
A sudden occurrence or result:
һͻȻһͻȻĽ
a stroke of luck; a stroke of misfortune.
һˣһβ
A sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or sunstroke.
ͻȻһͻȻҹԺ
A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain, characterized by loss of muscular control, diminution or loss of sensation or 
consciousness, dizziness, slurred speech, or other symptoms that vary with the extent and severity of the damage to the brain.Also called  cerebral accident ,cerebrovascular accident 
з磺ͨԵѪѶµĴԹͻȻɥʧصΪ˶ʧأήоʶɥʧΣﲻ弰֢״ķΧͳ̶ȶ
ͬҲ  cerebral accident,cerebrovascular accident
An inspired or effective idea or act:
УͻеĻЧõ뷨Ϊ
a stroke of genius.
һ
A single uninterrupted movement, especially when repeated or in a back-and-forth motion:
ڶ˶ָǰط˶
the stroke of a pendulum.
Ӱڵİڶ
Any of a series of movements of a piston from one end of the limit of its motion to another.
̣һ˵һ˵һϵ˶֮һ
A single completed movement of the limbs and body, as in swimming or rowing.
һؽںһ˶Ӿ򻮴
The manner or rate of executing such a movement:
һ˶ƻƵʣ
My favorite stroke is butterfly. She had a very rapid stroke.
ϲǵӾƵʺܿ
Nautical 
 
The rower who sits nearest the coxswain or the stern and sets the tempo for the other rowers.
βֻ֣βĽ֣Ϊִ
The position occupied by this person.
βλ
Sports 
˶ 
A movement of the upper torso and arms for the purpose of striking a ball, as in golf or tennis.
һɺֱ۵˶Իڸ߶
The manner of executing such a movement.
򷨣ֻ
A single mark made by a writing or marking implement, such as a pen.
һʣдǺŹʣĵǺ
The act of making such a mark.
һǺŵΪ
A printed line in a graphic character that resembles such a mark.
һǺŵĻӡˢ
A distinctive effect or deft touch, as in literary composition.
ʴѧеɫӰıʴ
v.ʣ
stroked,strok.ing,strokes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mark with a single short line.
õǺ
To draw a line through; cancel:
ȡ
stroked out the last sentence.
һ
Nautical To set the pace for (a rowing crew).
 Ϊ֣趨
To hit or propel (a ball, for example) with a smoothly regulated swing.
飺ƽȵض׼Ŀһӻƶȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or perform a stroke.
л
Nautical To row at a particular rate per minute.
 ÿضƵʻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
probably from Old English *str3c * see  streig- 
Դ Ӣ *str3c *μ streig- 
?
stroke
stroke 2
AHD:[str?k] 
D.J.[str*&k]
K.K.[strok]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
stroked,strok.ing,strokes 
To rub lightly, with or as if with the hand or something held in the hand; caress.
ֻͬһڵĶĦ
Informal To behave attentively or flatteringly toward, especially in order to restore to confidence or win over.
ʽ УԡڻӭϣָΪ»ûӮ
n.ʣ
A light caressing movement, as of the hand.
ḧĶ
?
Middle English stroken 
йӢ stroken 
from Old English str3n 
Դ Ӣ str3n 
from *str3c [stroke] * see  stroke 1
Դ *str3c [] *μ stroke1
?
stroker
n.ʣ

= =
strong
strong
AHD:[str?ng] 
D.J.[str%80]
K.K.[str%0]
adj.ݴʣ
strong.er,strong.est 
Physically powerful; capable of exerting great physical force.
ǿ׳ģǿ׳ģǿ
Marked by great physical power:
ģǿģ
a strong blow to the head.
ͷҵһ
In good or sound health; robust:
ģǿ׳ģ
a strong constitution; a strong heart.
׳ʣ׳
Economically or financially sound or thriving:
ģûٵģ
a strong economy.
ٵľ
Having force of character, will, morality, or intelligence:
ǿģԸ־ƷСܼǿģ
a strong personality.
ǿԸ
Having or showing ability or achievement in a specified field:
óģضֳɾ͵ģ
students who are strong in chemistry.
ͨѧѧ
Capable of the effective exercise of authority:
ǿģܹЧȨģ
a strong leader.
쵼
Capable of withstanding force or wear; solid, tough, or firm:
ι̵ģܹĥģ̵ģǿ׳Ļᶨģ
a strong building; a strong fabric.
ι̵Ľι̵֯
Having great binding strength:
ճǿģкǿģ
a strong adhesive.
ճĽ
Not easily captured or defeated:
͵ģ׹Ƶģܵģ
a strong flank; a strong defense.
Ĳǿķ
Not easily upset; resistant to harmful or unpleasant influences:
ᶨģѹģ˺Ļ˲ӰеƵģ
strong nerves; a strong stomach.
ǿľ񣻽׳θ
Having force or rapidity of motion:
ǿģƶѸٵģ
a strong current.
ǿ
Persuasive, effective, and cogent:
˵ģʹŷģЧĺ۾ݳֵģ
a strong argument.
һ۵
Forceful and pointed; emphatic:
ģĺֱģǿģ
a strong statement.

Forthright and explicit, often offensively so:
ֱԲģֱӵģģйԵģ
strong language.
Ǽҵ
Extreme; drastic:
˵ģǳģ
had to resort to strong measures.
˵ֶ
Having force of conviction or feeling; uncompromising:
ᶨģŷȾģЭģ
strong faith; a strong supporter.
ᶨᶨ֧
Intense in degree or quality:
ǿҵģ̶ȻƷǿҵģ
a strong emotion; strong motivation.
ǿҵĸ飻ǿҵĶ
Having an intense or offensive effect on the senses:
ǿģŨҵģԸйǿҵĻ߹ԵӰ죺
strong light; strong vinegar; strong cologne.
ǿҵĹߣζŨĴףŨĹˮ
Clear and loud:
ģ
a strong voice.

Readily noticeable; remarkable:
עĿģͬģ
a strong resemblance; a strong contrast.
ǿҵĶԱ
Readily detected or received:
׷ֻյģ
a strong radio signal.
ǿź
Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient:
ŨģŨȵĻԾɷݼеģ
mixed a strong solution of bleach and water.
Ư׷ˮĸŨҺ
Containing a considerable percentage of alcohol:
Եģ庬ģ
strong punch.
Ȥ
Powerfully effective:
Чǿģ
a strong painkiller.
ֹʹҩ
Color Characterized by a high degree of saturation.
ɫʡ ߶ȱ͵
Having a specified number of units or members:
ģضĿĵλԱģ
a military force 100,000 strong.
һ֧100,000˵ľ
Marked by steady or rising prices:
ͦģ۸ȶĻǵģ
a strong market.
гͦ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Of or relating to those verbs in Germanic languages that form their past tense by a change in stem vowel, and their past participles by a change in stem vowel and sometimes by adding 
the suffix-(e)n,  as sing, sang, sung  or tear, tore, torn.  
ʲ仯ģڻնжʱ仯ģͨʸԪı仯γɹȥʱȥִͨʸԪı仯γɣʱͨӺ׺-(e)n γɣ singsangsung 
 teartoretorn  
Of or relating to the inflection of nouns or adjectives in Germanic languages with endings that historically did not contain a suffix with an-n-.  
ǿ仯ģڻնʻݴʱ仯ģЩʵĽβʷϲ-n- ǰ׺ 
Stressed or accented in pronunciation or poetic meter. Used of a word or syllable.
ضģڷʫضġһʻһ
adv.ʣ
In a strong, powerful, or vigorous manner; forcefully:
أֹǿأأ
a salesperson who comes on too strong.
ʮ˵Ա
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English strang 
Դ Ӣ strang 
?
strongish
adj.ݴʣ
strongly
adv.ʣ
?
strong,stout,sturdy,tough,stalwart,tenacious
These adjectives are compared as they mean having or showing vigor, durability, or power of body or spirit.
Щݴʱʾлʾ־Իʱ֮Ƚϡ
 Strong  is the most general: 
 Strong  ߸ԣ 
strong arms;
ֱۣ
a strong grip;
һ
a strong rope;
׳ӣ
strong resistance.
ǿĵֿ
I am as strong as a bull moose (Theodore Roosevelt).
Ҿһǿ׳ ¶ࡤ˹
 Stout   stresses the ability to endure,as by virtue of physical strength, solidity of construction, or resoluteness: 
 Stout  ǿ̵ͨĹģ 
a stout branch;
׳֦
stout walls;
̵ǽ
a stout advocate.
ӵ
It was enough to place horror upon the stoutest heart in the world (Daniel Defoe).
־˶Ըе¡ Ѹ
 Sturdy,   likestout, implies ruggedness of body or construction or firmness of spirit or purpose:  
 Sturdy  stout һָǵǿι̻ھĿϲ׶ҡ  
sturdy limbs;
ǿĹؽڣ
sturdy opposition;
ǿҵķԣ
sturdy russet boots  (George W. Cable).
ι̵ֲƳɵѥ ΡW
 Tough   suggests physical or moral strength to resist opposition, strain, or hardship: 
 Tough  ָֿжԡѹѵϵ 
tough little burros hauling carts;
ǿС¿
a tough but nervous, tenacious but restless race (Samuel Eliot Morison).
һѶ˲ģҶֹܡ ɽءĪɭ
 Stalwart  implies imposing strength or determination: 
 Stalwart  ָĵģ 
a stalwart proponent of tax reform;
˰ĸ̷ԣ
proud of her stalwart, good-looking son  (Booth Tarkington).
ΪǿӢĶӸеԺ ˹ͨ
 Tenacious   stresses persistence, as in holding fast to a position or goal: 
 Tenacious  ڳ־ͣһĿĻĿƶ᣺ 
tenacious in upholding strict discipline (Sir Walter Scott).
άϸļɡ ˾Ѿʿ
?
Strong
Strong
AHD:[str?ng] William (1808-1895) 
D.J.[str%80]
K.K.[str%0]
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1870-1880).
˹ʣ(1808-1895) ٣߷Ժ󷨹(1870-1880꣩

= =
structural
struc.tur.al
AHD:[str?kchr-l] 
D.J.[6strJkt.*r*l]
K.K.[6strJkt.*r*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, having, or characterized by structure:
ṹģڣڽṹģ֯ģнṹصģ
structural simplicity.
ļ
Affecting structure:
Ӱṹģ
structural damage.
ṹԵƻ
Used in or necessary to building:
õģõĻģ
structural beams.
õĺ
Concerned with or resulting from political or especially economic structure.
ΣǾýṹйصĻһṹ
Geology Of or relating to the structure of rocks and other aspects of the earth's crust.
ѧ ڻڲʯر
Biology Of or relating to organic structure; morphological.
ѧ ڻٽṹģ̬ѧ
Relating to or concerned with systematic structure in a particular field of study, such as linguistics or the behavioral sciences.
ĳһоѧΪѧϵͳԽṹģһṹϵ
n.ʣ
A part of a structure that bears a weight, or the structural piece used for such a part.
ṹһˣΪһõĹ
?
structurally
adv.ʣ

= =
structure
struc.ture
AHD:[str?kchr] 
D.J.[6strJkt.*]
K.K.[6strJkt.+]
n.ʣ
Something made up of a number of parts that are held or put together in a particular way:
죺ɶಿɲⷽʽһ
hierarchical social structure.
ȼƶ
The way in which parts are arranged or put together to form a whole; makeup:
ṹݾγķʽɣ
triangular in structure.
νṹ
The interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entity:
ϵڸи֮ϵϣ
political structure; plot structure.
ϵṹϵ
Something constructed.See Synonyms at building 
μ building
Biology 
ѧ 
The arrangement or formation of the tissues, organs, or other parts of an organism.
ṹ֯ٻݵлγ
An organ or other part of an organism.
ٻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
struc.tured,struc.tur.ing,struc.tures 
To give form or arrangement to:
ɻУ
structure a curriculum; structure one's day.
ſγ̣һа
?
Middle English [the process of building] 
йӢ [Ĺ] 
from Latin str??ra} 
Դ  str??ra} 
from str?s [past participle of] struere [to construct] * see  ster- 2
Դ str?s  [] struereĹȥִ [] *μ ster- 2

= =
struggle
strug.gle
AHD:[str?gl] 
D.J.[6strJg*l]
K.K.[6strJg*l]
v.ʣ
strug.gled,strug.gling,strug.gles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert muscular energy, as against a material force or mass:
üԸ
struggled with the heavy load.
رųصĸ
To be strenuously engaged with a problem, a task, or an undertaking.
ŬضԸ⣬ְ
To make a strenuous effort; strive:
Ŭܶ
struggled to be polite.
ò
To contend or compete:
ռ
The human being struggles with his environment(Karl A. Menninger)
뻷(A.)
To progress with difficulty:
ѵؽУ
struggled through calculus.
ѵؽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move or place (something) with an effort:
ʹƶãĳ£
struggled the heavy desk into the elevator.
ʹذѳصӷŽ
n.ʣ
The act of struggling.
Ϊ
Strenuous effort; striving.
Ŭܶ
Combat; strife:

armed struggle.
װ
?
Middle English struglen 
йӢ struglen 
?
struggler
n.ʣ
strugglingly
adv.ʣ

= =
stubborn
stub.born
AHD:[st?brn] 
D.J.[6stJb*n]
K.K.[6stJb*n]
adj.ݴʣ
stub.born.er,stub.born.est 
Unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded.
̵ģģִֵָģǿ
Firmly resolved or determined; resolute.See Synonyms at obstinate 
ǿĻоĵģļᶨĲμ obstinate
Characterized by perseverance; persistent.
ֵģǿģֲи
Difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or effort:
ֵģѶԸģκû˷ģ
stubborn soil; stubborn stains.
ӲԳȥ۵
?
Middle English stuborn 
йӢ stuborn 
?
stubbornly
adv.ʣ
stubbornness
n.ʣ

= =
student
stu.dent
AHD:[st?dnt, sty?d-] 
D.J.[6stu8dnt, 6stju8d-]
K.K.[6stud2t, 6stjud-]
n.Abbr. stud.ʣд stud.
One who attends a school, college, or university.
ѧСѧѧԺѧ
One who makes a study of something.
ѧߣоߣоĳ
An attentive observer:
۾Ĺ۲ߣ
a student of world affairs.
۲
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
student government; student issues.
ѧѧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration  influenced by Latin stud?e [to study] 
    stud? [о] 
of studient, studiant 
 studientı仯, studiant 
from Old French estudiant [one who studies] [from present participle of] estudier [to study] 
Դ ŷ estudiant [о]  [] Դestudierڷִ [о] 
from Medieval Latin studi3e 
Դ  studi3e 
from Latin studium [study] * see  study 
Դ  studium [ѧϰ] *μ study

= =
studio
stu.di.o
AHD:[st?d?-?, sty?-] 
D.J.[6stu8di8*&, 6stju8-]
K.K.[6studio, 6stju-]
n.ʣ
 stu.di.os 
An artist's workroom.
ҹ
A photographer's establishment.
Ӱʦ
An establishment where an art is taught or studied:
ϰңڻѧϰĳּյĵط
a dance studio.
赸
A room or building for movie, television, or radio productions.
Ӱ¼ƵӰӻ¼㲥Ŀķ¥
A room or building where tapes and records are produced.
¼¼¼ķ¥
?
Italian 
 
from Latin studium [eagerness, application] * see  study 
Դ  studium [У] *μ study

= =
study
stud.y
AHD:[st?d?] 
D.J.[6stJdi8]
K.K.[6stJdi]
n.ʣ
 stud.ies 
The act or process of studying.
ѧϰѧϰΪ
The pursuit of knowledge, as by reading, observation, or research.
ѧͨĶ۲оѧ֪ʶ
Attentive scrutiny.
оϸ
A branch of knowledge.
ѧƣ֪ʶһ֧
studies A branch or department of learning:
 studies оķ֧Ŀ
graduate studies.
оγ
A work, such as a thesis, that results from studious endeavor.
ģרŬодɵƷ
A literary work on a particular subject.
ר£ĳһרѧ
A preliminary sketch, as for a work of art or literature.
ϰһһѧƷĳ
Music A composition intended as a technical exercise.
֡ ϰΪѵɶ
A state of mental absorption:
˼Ĭ룺
She is in a deep study.
˼
A room intended or equipped for studying or writing.
鷿ΪѧϰдĿĶƻװķ
One who memorizes something, especially a performer with reference to his or her ability to memorize a part:
̨ʵˣбеˣָһܼס̨ʵԱ
He is a quick study.
ܱܿг̨
Memorization of a part in a play.
̨
v.ʣ
stud.ied,stud.y.ing,stud.ies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To apply one's mind purposefully to the acquisition of knowledge or understanding of (a subject).
ѧϰоΪȡ֪ʶ⣨ĳһ⣩֮ĿĶͷ
To read carefully.
ϸĶ
To memorize.

To take (a course) at a school.
ѧѧУϣΣ
To inquire into; investigate.
飺飻ѯ
To examine closely; scrutinize.
оϸ飬ϸ
To give careful thought to; contemplate:
˼˼˼
study the next move.
һж
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To apply oneself to learning, especially by reading.
ѧϰĳ˽ѧϰָͨĶ
To pursue a course of study.
о
To ponder; reflect.
˼ʡ
?
Middle English studie 
йӢ studie 
from Old French estudie 
Դ ŷ estudie 
from Latin studium 
Դ  studium 
from stud?e [to study] 
Դ stud?e [ѧϰо] 

= =
stuff
stuff
AHD:[st?f] 
D.J.[stJf]
K.K.[stJf]
n.ʣ
The material out of which something is made or formed; substance.
ϣԭϣγĳԭϣ
The essential substance or elements; essence:
ʻҪأ
We are such stuff/As dreams are made on(Shakespeare)
ǻεˡ(ɯʿ)
Informal 
ʽ 
Unspecified material:
ϣδĲϣ
Put that stuff over there.
ǶѲϷǶ
Household or personal articles considered as a group.
ͥƷܳ
Worthless objects.

Slang Specific talk or actions:
ٵ ϻ̸ж
Don't give me that stuff about being tired.
Ҫ˵֮Ļ
Sports 
˶ 
The control a player has over a ball, especially to give it spin, english, curve, or speed.
ԱĿָʹתнн
The spin, english, curve, or speed imparted to a ball:
ʹתתнн
where we could watch the stuff, mainly curves, that the pitchers were putting on the ball(James Henry Gray)
Ƕܹ۲쵽ͶֶĿƣҪͶ֮(ղķ˹)
Special capability:
ʣ
The team really showed its stuff and won the championship.
ʾʵӮ˹ھ
Chiefly British Woven material, especially woolens.
Ӣ ֯Ʒ֯ָë֯
Slang Money; cash.
ٵ Ǯֽ
Slang A habit-forming drug, especially heroin.
ٵ Ʒʹҩָ
v.ʣ
stuffed,stuff.ing,stuffs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pack tightly; cram:
Ӳ
stuff a Christmas stocking.
ʥŶ
To block (a passage); plug:
ͨס
stuff a crack with caulking.
˿϶
To fill with an appropriate stuffing:

stuff a pillow.
ͷ
To fill (an animal skin) to restore its natural form for mounting or display.
Ϊ걾ƣƤʹָ֮ԭ״ݳչ
To cram with food.
ʹʳ
To fill (the mind):
ʹԽװ
His head is stuffed with silly notions.
ӵ޴뷨
To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box).
ƱͶ루ͶƱ䣩
To apply a preservative and softening agent to (leather).
Ƥʱʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To overeat; gorge.
ʳ̻
?
stuff it ٵ
Used as an intensive to express extreme anger, frustration, or disgust.
ǿԱＫ֮ŭջ򷴸
stuff (one's) faceٵ
To eat greedily.
̰س
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French estoffe 
Դ ŷ estoffe 
from estoffer [to equip] 
Դ estoffer [װ] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[ԴԵ] 
?
stuffer
n.ʣ

= =
stumble
stum.ble
AHD:[st?mbl] 
D.J.[6stJmb*l]
K.K.[6stJmb*l]
v.ʣ
stum.bled,stum.bling,stum.bles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To miss one's step in walking or running; trip and almost fall.
·ܲʱţ
To proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder.See Synonyms at blunder 
ǣǶУμ blunder
To act or speak falteringly or clumsily.
ǶУǵж֧˵
To make a mistake; blunder.
ʧ
To fall into evil ways; err.
;
To come upon accidentally or unexpectedly:
żȻ֣֣ⷢ
The urge to wider voyages . . . caused men to stumble upon New America(Kenneth Cragg)
зΧĽҪʹطޡ(˼)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to stumble.
ʹ
n.ʣ
The act of stumbling.
Ķ
A mistake or blunder.
󣬹ʧ
?
Middle English stumblen 
йӢ stumblen 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse stumra 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά stumra 
?
stumbler
n.ʣ
stumblingly
adv.ʣ

= =
stupid
stu.pid
AHD:[st?p1d, sty?-] 
D.J.[6stu8p!d, 6stju8-]
K.K.[6stup!d, 6stju-]
adj.ݴʣ
stu.pid.er,stu.pid.est 
Slow to learn or understand; obtuse.
ٶ۵ģѧϰģٶ۵
Lacking or marked by a lack of intelligence.
ģȱĻ
In a stupor; stupefied.
ѣģԲѵ
In a dazed or stunned state.
㱵ģѣλѣ״̬
Pointless; worthless:
ζģģ޼ֵģ
a stupid job.
޼ֵĹ
n.ʣ
A person regarded as stupid.

?
Latin stupidus 
 stupidus 
from stup?e [to be stunned] 
Դ stup?e [ѣΣ] 
?
stupidly
adv.ʣ
stupidness
n.ʣ
?
stupid,slow,dumb,dull,obtuse,dense
These adjectives mean lacking or marked by a lack of intellectual acuity.
ЩݴʶʾȱԻȱΪصġ
 Stupid,   the most inclusive, means wanting in intelligence: 
 Stupid  ĺ㣬Ϊȱǻ۵ģ 
Despite a lack of formal education, she was far from stupid.
ȻûܹʽһҲ޴
Slow   anddumb  imply chronic sluggishness of perception, reaction, or understanding:  
Slow  Լdumb ָ򡢷ӦٶȽ  
The school offers special tutorials for slow learners.
ѧУٶ۵ѧṩרŵĸ
It was dumb of him to say yes.
˵ǡ޴ġ
Dull  suggests a lack of keenness of intellect: 
Dull  ȱĶ˼ 
It is the dull man who is always sure  (H.L. Mencken).
¶϶һǸˡ (H.I.ϣ
 Obtuse  implies a lack of quickness, sensitivity, or perceptiveness: 
 Obtuse  ָٶġٶ۵ġеģ 
At the time, I was too obtuse to grasp the true implications of her behavior.
ʱٶڲΪĺ塣
Dense   suggests impenetrability of mind: 
Dense  Ϊͷ޶۵ģ 
The woman kept signaling that it was time to leave, but her escort was so dense that he just kept sitting there. 
Ů˲ͣذʾ뿪ˣĻȴٶһֱǶ 

= =
sturdy
stur.dy
AHD:[st?rd?] 
D.J.[6stT8di8]
K.K.[6stPdi]
adj.ݴʣ
stur.di.er,stur.di.est 
Having or showing rugged physical strength.
ǿģ彡׳ģʵ
Substantially made or built; stout:
̵ģõģ
sturdy canvas.
̵
Marked by resoluteness or determination; firm:
ģᶨģǿģ
sturdy resistance.
ǿĵֿ
Vigorous or robust.See Synonyms at strong 
ģǿĲμ strong
n.ʣ
See  gid 
μ  gid
?
Middle English [stubborn, reckless, sturdy] 
йӢ [̵ģ³çģǿ] 
from Old French estourdi [past participle of] estourdir [to stun] 
Դ ŷ estourdi  [] estourdirĹȥִ [ʹѣ] 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *exturdoe [to be giddy as a thrush] 
Դ  *exturdoe [续ü٬] 
Latin ex- [intensive pref.] * see  ex- 
 ex- [ǿǰ׺] *μ ex-
Latin turdus [thrush] 
 turdus [ü] 
?
sturdily
adv.ʣ
sturdiness
n.ʣ

= =
style
style
AHD:[stol] 
D.J.[sta!l]
K.K.[sta!l]
n.ʣ
The way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed:
˵¡Ｐݵһַ
a style of speech and writing.
ݽдķ
The combination of distinctive features of literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era.
صķãһˡһȺˡɻһʱѧƷܺ
Sort; type:
 ࣬ͣ
a style of furniture.
Ҿ
A quality of imagination and individuality expressed in one's actions and tastes:
磺һ˵ΪƷλֳ󼰸֮ԣ
does things with style.
ºи
A comfortable and elegant mode of existence:
棺ŵʽ
living in style.
ź
A mode of living:
ʽ
the style of the very rich.
޸ǵʽ
The fashion of the moment, especially of dress; vogue.
ʱָ֣·֮ʽ
A particular fashion:
һضĿʽ
the style of the 1920's.See Synonyms at fashion 
2020пʽμ fashion
A customary manner of presenting printed material, including usage, punctuation, spelling, typography, and arrangement.
ӡˢʱԲõϰ߷ʽǦ֡㡢ƴд弰Ű
A form of address; a title.
ƺͷ
An implement used for etching or engraving.
̵
A slender, pointed writing instrument used by the ancients on wax tablets.
ʣŴдֵļϸд
The needle of a phonograph.
ĳ
The gnomon of a sundial.
ǵָ
Botany The usually slender part of a pistil, situated between the ovary and the stigma.
ֲѧ λӷͷ֮ģ֮ͨϸĲ
Zoology A slender, tubular, or bristlelike process:
ѧ βƬϸ״ģӲëͻ
a cartilaginous style.
ͻ
Medicine A surgical probing instrument; a stylet.
ҽѧ ͨ룺һ̽
Obsolete A pen.
 ֱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
styled,styl.ing,styles 
To call or name; designate:
ƺΪָƣ
George VI styled his brother Duke of Windsor.
Ϊɯ
To make consistent with rules of style:
ʹһʽ᣺
style a manuscript.
ָ
To give style to:
ʽƳɡ
style hair.
ᷢ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin stylus, stilus [spike, pointed instrument used for writing, style] * see  stylus 
Դ  stylus, stilus [д] *μ stylus
?
styler
n.ʣ
styling
n.ʣ

= =
subject
sub.ject
AHD:[s?bj1kt] 
D.J.[6sJbd9!kt]
K.K.[6sJbd9!kt]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in a position or in circumstances that place one under the power or authority of another or others:
ӵģ֧ģڱ֮ȨȨ֮µ״̬λģ
All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.
ҵȫ幫񶼱ӷ
Prone; disposed:
ڡģڡģ
a child who is subject to colds.
ڸðĺ
Likely to incur or receive; exposed:
ܡģܿܵ»ܵģ¶ģ
a directive that could be subject to misinterpretation.
ڱ
Contingent or dependent:
ģĻģ
Your vacation is subject to the changing weather patterns.
ļڿ仯
n.Abbr. subj.ʣд subj.
One who is under the rule of another or others, especially one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler.
ߣܱͳεˣָͳߵ
One concerning which something is said or done:
⣬⣺ģߣ̸ģ
She is a subject of gossip in the office.
ǰ칫̸Ķ
Something that is treated or indicated in a work of art.
ģ⣺ƷĻֵĶ
Music A theme of a composition, especially a fugue.
֡ ⣺֮⣬ָ
A course or area of study:
ѧƣо
Math is her best subject.
ѧóĿĿ
A basis for action; a cause.
ɣԵɣ
One that experiences or is subjected to something:
Ŀ꣺ĳµ˻
They made him the subject of ridicule.
ʹΪЦĶ
One that is the object of clinical study:
ʵߣߣٴҽѧоĶ
The experiment involved 12 subjects.
ʮоʵ
One who is under surveillance:
Ӷ
The subject was observed leaving the scene of the murder.
˿Ӷ뿪ɱֳ
A corpse intended for study and dissection.
õʬ壺о򹩽õʬ
Grammar The noun, noun phrase, or pronoun in a sentence or clause that denotes the doer of the action or what is described by the predicate and that in some languages, such as 
English, can be identified by its characteristic position in simple sentences and in other languages, such as Latin, by inflectional endings.
﷨ бִ߻ν֮ʡʶʣЩʻЩԣӢУͨڼ򵥾еĵλȷϣһЩ
ԣУͨ۱仯Ĵβȷ
Logic The term of a proposition about which something is affirmed or denied.
߼ѧ ʣ߼еһʣʾ϶񶨵
Philosophy 
ѧ 
The essential nature or substance of something as distinguished from its attributes.
壬ۣԵĻʻ򹹳
The mind or thinking part as distinguished from the object of thought.
壬ۣ˼ͷԻ˼ͷԲ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sub.ject.ed,sub.ject.ing,sub.jects[sb-jkt]  
To submit for consideration.

To submit to the authority of.

To expose to something:
ʹܣ
The patients on that ward were subjected to infection.
ŲϵĲ˸Ⱦ
To cause to experience:
ʹ
The campers were subjected to extreme weather.
ҰӪǾ˼ӵ
To subjugate; subdue.
Ʒ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin s?s [from past participle of] s?bicere [to subject] 
Դ  s?s  [] Դs?bicereĹȥִ [ʹӣʹ] 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ʾ] 
iacere [to throw] * see  y?- 
iacere [ӣ] *μ y?- 
?
subjection
AHD:[sb-jkshn] ʣ
?
subject,matter,topic,theme
These nouns denote the principal idea or point of a speech, a piece of writing, or an artistic work.
Щʱʾݽ»ƷҪ˼Ҫּ
 Subject   is the most general: 
 Subject  ߸ԣ 
Well, honor is the subject of my story  (Shakespeare).
ôðɣҵĹµ ɯʿǣ
 Matter   refers to the material that is the object of thought or discourse: 
 Matter  ָ˼̸۶֮ɣ 
This distinction seems to me to go to the root of the matter (William James).Atopic  is a subject of discussion, argument, or conversation:  
ҿǸ ղķ˹Topic ̸ۡ⣺  
They would talk of nothing but high life . . . with other fashionable topics, such as pictures, taste, Shakespeare  (Oliver Goldsmith).
̸۵ֻǸ߲ԼʱֵĻ⣬滭ɯʿ ߵʷ˹
 Theme   refers especially to a subject, an idea, a point of view, or a perception that is developed and expanded on in a work of art: 
 Theme  ָһƷзչĿ۵򿴷 
To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme  (Herman Melville).See also Synonyms at  citizen ,dependent 
ҪдһΰƷѡһΰ⡱ ն÷άμͬ citizen,dependent

= =
subjective
sub.jec.tive
AHD:[sb-jkt1v] 
D.J.[s*b6d9ekt!v]
K.K.[s*b6d9Wkt!v]
adj.Abbr. subj.ݴʣд subj.
Proceeding from or taking place within a person's mind such as to be unaffected by the external world.
۵ģⲿӰĳͷеĻĳͷе
Particular to a given person; personal:
˵ģ˽˵ģ
subjective experience.
˾
Moodily introspective.
ʡ
Existing only in the mind; illusory.
ģõ
Psychology Existing only within the experiencer's mind.
ѧ ֻھͷ֮е
Medicine Of, relating to, or designating a symptom or condition perceived by the patient and not by the examiner.
ҽѧ ۵ģԼ쵽ĵ߿֢״ģ֢״йصģ֢״
Expressing or bringing into prominence the individuality of the artist or author.
ͻһҵĸ
Grammar Relating to or being the nominative case.
﷨ ģģ
Relating to the real nature of something; essential.
ʵʻʵԵĴڵģʵ
?
subjectively
adv.ʣ
subjectiveness  
subjectivity
AHD:[s?bjk-t1v1-t?] ʣ

= =
submarine
sub.ma.rine
AHD:[s?bm-r?n, s?bm-r?n] 
D.J.[6sJbm*7ri8n, 7sJbm*6ri8n]
K.K.[6sJbm*7rin, 7sJbm*6rin]
n.ʣ
A ship capable of operating submerged.Also called  sub 1
ǱܹͧˮתĴֻҲ  sub1
A large sandwich consisting of a long roll split lengthwise and filled with layers of meat, cheese, tomatoes, lettuce, and condiments.Also called  In this sense, also called Regional 
bomber Regional Cuban sandwich Regional grinder ,hero Regional hoagie Regional Italian Regional Italian sandwich Regional poor boy ,sub 1Regional torpedo Regional wedge 
Regional zep 
ǱͧΣóԲ԰пм⡢ҡݫļζƷĴҲ  ڴҲɳ ġ bomberġ Cuban sandwichġ 
grinder,heroġ hoagieġ Italianġ Italian sandwichġ poor boy,sub1ġ torpedoġ wedgeġ zep
adj.ݴʣ
Beneath the surface of the water; undersea.
ˮµģˮµģµ
v.ʣ
sub.ma.rined,sub.ma.rin.ing,sub.ma.rines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To attack by submarine, especially with torpedoes.
ǱͧϮǱͧϮָʹ
Sports To knock down with a blow to the legs.
˶ ĳ˵ʹˤ
Baseball To pitch (a ball) with an underhand motion.
 ͶõֵĶͶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To operate a submarine.
ʻǱͧ
To slide, drive, or throw under something.
롭£ʻ롭£
?
The long sandwich featuring layers of meat and cheese on a crusty Italian roll goes by a variety of names.Submarine, sub,  and hero  are widespread terms, not assignable to any 
particular region.Most of the localized terms are clustered in the northeast United States,where the greatest numbers of Italian Americans live.Jane Stern, having studied the great 
variety of American names for this sandwich, finds that upstate New Yorkers call it abomber,  while speakers downstate refer to awedge.  In the Delaware Valley,including Philadelphia 
and southern New Jersey,the sandwich is called ahoagie.  In Italian restaurants in New England the menu is likely to include agrinder.  Speakers in Miami use the nameCuban sandwich 
 and in Maine,Italian sandwich,  but in the southern Midwest, according to Stern, the nameItalian  is common, with both Italian  and Italian sandwich  recapturing the authentic nationality 
of the sandwich. In New Orleansthe same sandwich is called apoor boy  and is likely to be offered in a most un-Italian version featuring fried oysters.
ԲϷϼ͸ҶɵĳΣкüơSubmarinesub Լ hero ʹΪ㷺ƣ ĸרáεĴط
ƼǾסĵط˹ضڶεĸƽо֣ŦԼݱľ֮Ϊbomberը  
ŦԼϲľ֮ΪwedgeШ  ӹȣѳǺϲνhoagie  ӢݵĲ˵ϣΪgrinder  ʹ
ùŰ ƣ ʹ ơ ˹ضоϲձʹItalianʽ һƣ߾ͽ ʽ 
֮Ϊ  ƶӳ˸εԭ °¶ֽͬк  ǷʽģΪмĵ

= =
submerge
sub.merge
AHD:[sb-m?rj] 
D.J.[s*b6mT8d9]
K.K.[s*b6mPd9]
v.ʣ
sub.merged,sub.merg.ing,sub.merg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place under water.See Synonyms at dip 
ˮ²μ dip
To cover with water; inundate.
ûû
To hide from view; obscure.
ûʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go under or as if under water.
Ǳˮ
?
Latin submergere 
 submergere 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ʾ桱] 
mergere [to plunge] 
mergere [룬Ǳ] 
?
submergence
n.ʣ

= =
submit
sub.mit
AHD:[sb-m1t] 
D.J.[s*b6m!t]
K.K.[s*b6m!t]
v.ʣ
sub.mit.ted,sub.mit.ting,sub.mits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To yield or surrender (oneself) to the will or authority of another:
ʹʹԼڱ˵־Ȩ
Nothing but contempt is due to those people who ask us to submit to unmerited oppression(Christabel Pankhurst)
ЩҪǷǲ֮ѹȵˣеֻ(˹˿˺˹)
To subject to a condition or process.
ʹ
To commit (something) to the consideration or judgment of another.See Synonyms at propose 
ʹӣʹܡڲĳ£ĳǻжϲμ propose
To offer as a proposition or contention:
Ϊ
I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable.
ΪЩȫ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give in to the authority, power, or desires of another.See Synonyms at yield 
 ӣӱ˵ȨȨμ yield
To allow oneself to be subjected to something.
ʹĳĳ
?
Middle English submitten 
йӢ submitten 
from Latin submittere [to set under] 
Դ  submittere [ڡ֮] 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ڡ֮¡] 
mittere [to cause to go] 
mittere [ʹ뿪] 
?
submittal
AHD:[-m1tl] ʣ
submitter
n.ʣ

= =
subordinate
sub.or.di.nate
AHD:[s-b?rdn-1t] 
D.J.[s*6b%8dn!t]
K.K.[s*6b%rdn!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary.
Ҫģ¼ģ͵ģڶȼ
Subject to the authority or control of another.
ģ˵ȨƵ
n.ʣ
One that is subordinate.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
sub.or.di.nat.ed,sub.or.di.nat.ing,sub.or.di.nates[s-b?rdn-3t]  
To put in a lower or inferior rank or class.
ѡ¼ʹλڽϵͼ
To make subservient; subdue.
ʹӣսʤ
?
Middle English subordinat 
йӢ subordinat 
from Medieval Latin sub?3tus} [past participle of] sub?rdin3re [to put in a lower rank] 
Դ  sub?3tus}  [] sub?rdin3reĹȥִ [ѡ¼] 
Latin sub- [sub-] 
 sub- [ǰ׺ڡ֮¡] 
Latin ?3re} [to set in order]  from ??}  ?rdin- [order] * see  ar- 
 ?3re} []  Դ ??}  ?rdin- [] *μ ar- 
?
subordinately
adv.ʣ
subordinateness  
subordination
AHD:[-n3shn] ʣ
subordinative
AHD:[-nt1v] ݴʣ

= =
subscribe
sub.scribe
AHD:[sb-scrob] 
D.J.[s*b6skra!b]
K.K.[s*b6skra!b]
v.ʣ
sub.scribed,sub.scrib.ing,sub.scribes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pledge or contribute (a sum of money).
Ͼ裬裨
To sign (one's name) at the end of a document.
ǩļǩ
To sign one's name to in attestation, testimony, or consent:
֤֤ʻͬǩ
subscribe a will.
ǩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To contract to receive and pay for a certain number of issues of a publication, for tickets to a series of events or performances, or for a utility service, for example.
ģĳһиĺͬһϵݳƱʵʷΪ֮ǮĺԼ
To promise to pay or contribute money:
Ͼ裺
subscribe to a charity.
Ϊҵ
To feel or express hearty approval:
ͬ⣺
I subscribe to your opinion.See Synonyms at assent 
޳μ assent
To sign one's name.
ǩǩ
To affix one's signature to a document as a witness or to show consent.
Ϊ֤˻Ϊʾͬļǩ
?
Middle English subscriben 
йӢ subscriben 
from Latin subscroe 
Դ  subscroe 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ڡǩ֡] 
scroe [to write] * see  skrobh- 
scroe [дд] *μ skrobh- 
?
subscriber
n.ʣ

= =
subsequent
sub.se.quent
AHD:[s?bs1-kwnt, -kwnt] 
D.J.[6sJbs!7kwent, -kw*nt]
K.K.[6sJbs!7kwWnt, -kw*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Following in time or order; succeeding.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin subsequ?s  subsequent- [present participle of] subsequo [to follow close after] 
Դ  subsequ?s  subsequent-  [] subsequoڷִ [ڡ] 
sub- [close after] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
sequo} [to follow] * see  sek w- 1
sequo} [] *μ sek w- 1
?
subsequently
adv.ʣ
subsequentness
n.ʣ

= =
subsidiary
sub.sid.i.ar.y
AHD:[sb-s1d?-r?] 
D.J.[s*b6s!di87eri8]
K.K.[s*b6s!di7Wri]
adj.ݴʣ
Serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary.
ģ
Secondary in importance; subordinate.
Ҫģ
Of, relating to, or of the nature of a subsidy.
ģйزĻʵ
n.ʣ
 sub.sid.i.ar.ies 
One that is subsidiary to another.

A subsidiary company.
ӹ˾
Music A theme subordinate to a main theme or subject.
֡ ⣺
?
Latin subsidi3s 
 subsidi3s 
from subsidium [support] * see  subsidy 
Դ subsidium [֧] *μ subsidy
?
subsidiarily
AHD:[-ar-l?] ʣ

= =
subsidy
sub.si.dy
AHD:[s?bs1-d?] 
D.J.[6sJbs!di8]
K.K.[6sJbs!di]
n.ʣ
 sub.si.dies 
Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest.See Synonyms at bonus 
˻һֱ֧ڹڵҵĽμ bonus
Financial assistance given by one person or government to another.
Ԯһ˻һ˻ľԮ
Money formerly granted to the British Crown by Parliament.
ʱӢʼҵ֧
?
Middle English subsidie 
йӢ subsidie 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin subsidium [support] 
Դ  subsidium [֧] 
sub- [behind, beneath] * see  sub- 
sub- [ڡ棬ڡ] *μ sub-
sed?e [to sit] * see  sed- 
sed?e [] *μ sed- 

= =
substance
sub.stance
AHD:[s?bstns] 
D.J.[6sJbst*ns]
K.K.[6sJbst*ns]
n.ʣ
That which has mass and occupies space; matter.
壺ռݿռĶ
A material of a particular kind or constitution.
ʣضضɷֵĲ
Essential nature; essence.
ʵʣ
Gist; heart.
ּּ
That which is solid and practical in character, quality, or importance:
ݣʵʵءҪԣ
a plan without substance.
նļƻ
Density; body:
ܶȣ壺
Air has little substance.
ܶȺС
Material possessions; goods; wealth:
ƲƷƸ
a person of substance.
е
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin substantia 
Դ  substantia 
from subst3s  substant- [present participle of] subst3re [to be present] 
Դ subst3s  substant-  [] subst3reڷִ [] 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ڡϡ] 
st3e [to stand] * see  st3- 
st3e [վ] *μ st3- 
?
substance,burden

= =
substantial
sub.stan.tial
AHD:[sb-st2nshl] 
D.J.[s*b6st#n.*l]
K.K.[s*b6st#n.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or having substance; material.
ʵģйصģʵ
True or real; not imaginary.
ʵģ
Solidly built; strong.
ʵģ׳
Ample; sustaining:
ʢģḻģ
a substantial breakfast.
ʢ
Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent:
شֵģҪġмֵĻݳʵģ
won by a substantial margin.
ʤ
Possessing wealth or property; well-to-do.
ԣģе
n.ʣ
An essential. Often used in the plural.
ͨøʵԵĶ
A solid thing. Often used in the plural.
ͨøʵĶ
?
Middle English substancial 
йӢ substancial 
from Old French substantiel 
Դ ŷ substantiel 
from Latin substanti3s 
Դ  substanti3s 
from substantia [substance] * see  substance 
Դ substantia [] *μ substance
?
substantiality
AHD:[-sh?-2l1-t?]   sub.stantial.ness [-shl-n1s] ʣ
substantially
adv.ʣ

= =
substitute
sub.sti.tute
AHD:[s?bst1-t?t, -ty?t] 
D.J.[6sJbst!7tu8t, -7tju8t]
K.K.[6sJbst!7tut, -7tjut]
n.Abbr. subst.ʣд subst.
One that takes the place of another; a replacement:
Ʒߣ
Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality(Barbara Grizzuti Harrison)
岢Ϊʧʵ(Űᡤɭ)
Grammar A word or construction used in place of another word, phrase, or clause.
﷨ ôʻһʡ顢ӻṹ
v.ʣ
sub.sti.tut.ed,sub.sti.tut.ing,sub.sti.tutes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put or use (a person or thing) in place of another:
˻ȡ
substituting moral power for physical force(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
õȡ(ɯסϡ˹̹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take the place of another:
áһ˻һ
Only art can substitute for nature(Leonard Bernstein)
ֻȡȻ(ɵ¡˹̹)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French substitut 
Դ ŷ substitut 
from Latin substit?s [past participle of] substituere [to substitute] 
Դ  substit?s  [] substituereĹȥִ [ ] 
sub- [in place of] * see  sub- 
sub- [ȡ] *μ sub-
statuere [to cause to stand] * see  st3- 
statuere [ʹվ] *μ st3- 
?
substitutability
n.ʣ
substitutable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
subtle
sub.tle
AHD:[s?tl] 
D.J.[6sJtl]
K.K.[6sJt1]
adj.ݴʣ
sub.tler,sub.tlest 
So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive.
ϸģϸСģ΢ģ̫ϸСԹ۲ģ׽
Not immediately obvious; abstruse:
ʮԵģµģ
subtle smiles resulting from subjectively humorous experiences unguessed by the world at large(Josephine Dodge Bacon)
ڸĬľ΢ЦϵĲΪĵ˷ѽ΢Ц(Լɪҡ桤)
Able to make fine distinctions:
ϸĵģģܹϸ΢ģ
a subtle mind.
ͷ
Characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever:
վտģģԼܻΪģģ
a journalist whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind and a demanding ethical sensibility(New Republic)
һλʱһЩżߣļֲڲӵľͿĵµԡ(¹͹)
Crafty or sly; devious.
ƭģصģػصģթĻصģ
Operating in a hidden, usually injurious way; insidious.
صģƻģνеģͨԷ̰ʽյ
?
Middle English sotil 
йӢ sotil 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin subtos * see  teks- 
Դ  subtos *μ teks- 
?
subtleness
n.ʣ
subtly
adv.ʣ

= =
subtract
sub.tract
AHD:[sb-tr2kt] 
D.J.[s*b6tr#kt]
K.K.[s*b6tr#kt]
v.ʣ
sub.tract.ed,sub.tract.ing,sub.tracts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take away; deduct.
ߣ۳
v.intr.Mathematics ﶯʣѧ 
To perform the arithmetic operation of subtraction.
м
?
Latin subtrahere  subtr3ct- 
 subtrahere  subtr3ct- 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ߡ] 
trahere [to draw] 
trahere [] 
?
subtracter
n.ʣ

= =
suburb
sub.urb
AHD:[s?b?rb] 
D.J.[6sJb7T8b]
K.K.[6sJb7Pb]
n.Abbr. sub.ʣд sub.
A usually residential area or community outlying a city.
ڳͨΪĵ
suburbs The usually residential region around a major city; the environs.
 suburbs ǽһΧĵͨǾƵĵط
?
Middle English suburbe 
йӢ suburbe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin suburbium 
Դ  suburbium 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ڡ] 
urbs  urb- [city] 
urbs  urb- [] 

= =
subway
sub.way
AHD:[s?bw3] 
D.J.[6sJb7we!]
K.K.[6sJb7we]
n.ʣ
An underground urban railroad, usually operated by electricity.
·ڽڵµ·ͨõ
A passage for such a railroad.
·ͨ·ͨͨ
An underground tunnel or passage, as for a water main or for pedestrians.
ͨڵµͨ繩ˮܻ

= =
success
suc.cess
AHD:[sk-ss] 
D.J.[s*k6ses]
K.K.[s*k6sWs]
n.ʣ
The achievement of something desired, planned, or attempted:
ɹԤڵġƻġԵĴﵽ
attributed their success in business to hard work.
ϵĳɹڵĹ
The gaining of fame or prosperity:
ɹٵĻã
an artist spoiled by success.
ɹͷԵ
The extent of such gain.
ɹ̶ȣõĳ̶
One that is successful:
ɹˣ
The plan was a success.
ƻһɹ
Obsolete A result or an outcome.
 Ч
?
Latin successus [from past participle of] succ?dere [to succeed] * see  succeed 
 successus  [] Դsucc?dereĹȥִ [ɹ] *μ succeed

= =
successful
suc.cess.ful
AHD:[sk-ssfl] 
D.J.[s*k6sesf*l]
K.K.[s*k6sWsf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a favorable outcome:
ɹģõģ
a successful heart transplant.
ɹֲ
Having obtained something desired or intended:
ԲģϣԤڵõĵõĳģ
was successful in stopping the leak of oil.
Բֹʯ͵©
Having achieved wealth or eminence:
гɾ͵ģ˲Ƹģ
a successful architect.
һλ׿гɾ͵Ľʦ
?
successfully
adv.ʣ
successfulness
n.ʣ

= =
succession
suc.ces.sion
AHD:[sk-sshn] 
D.J.[s*k6se.*n]
K.K.[s*k6sW.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of following in order or sequence.
ʱϻһһΪ
A group of people or things arranged or following in order; a sequence:
һϵУһȺ˳еǰӵ˻һϵУ
A succession of one-man stalls offered soft drinks(Alec Waugh)See Synonyms at series 
һṩϵһۻͤ(ˡ)μ series
The sequence in which one person after another succeeds to a title, throne, dignity, or estate.
̳д򣬽˳һ˽һ˼̳ͷΡλҪְλƲĴ
The right of a person or line of persons to so succeed.
̳Ȩ̳е˻ֱϵѪ׵Ȩ
The person or line having such a right.
̳ˣȨ˻ֱϵѪ
The act or process of succeeding to the rights or duties of another.
̳˳򣺼̳һ˵ȨΪ
The act or process of becoming entitled as a legal beneficiary to the property of a deceased person.
̳кϷΪϷ˶߲ƲΪ
Ecology The gradual and orderly process of ecosystem development brought about by changes in community composition and the production of a climax characteristic of a particular 
geographic region.
̬ѧ Ȼ棺ĳһضеĻɷֱ仯̬ϵͳ𽥵ġķչĲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin successi?}  successi?n- 
Դ  successi?}  successi?n- 
from successus [past participle of] succ?dere [to succeed] * see  succeed 
Դ successus  [] succ?dereĹȥִ [桢̳] *μ succeed
?
successional
adj.ݴʣ
successionally
adv.ʣ

= =
successive
suc.ces.sive
AHD:[sk-ss1v] 
D.J.[s*k6ses!v]
K.K.[s*k6sWs!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Following in uninterrupted order; consecutive:
ģԲϵ˳ŵģģ
on three successive days.

Of, characterized by, or involving succession:
̳еģģ̳еġм̳Ļ漰̳еģ
the government successive to the fallen monarchy.
˿̨ľƵ
?
successively
adv.ʣ
successiveness
n.ʣ

= =
successor
suc.ces.sor
AHD:[sk-ssr] 
D.J.[s*k6ses*]
K.K.[s*k6sWs+]
n.ʣ
One that succeeds another.
ߣһ˵

= =
such
such
AHD:[s?ch] 
D.J.[sJt.]
K.K.[sJt.]
adj.ݴʣ
Of this kind:
ģ
a single parent, one of many such people in the neighborhood.
ף
Of a kind specified or implied:
磬ָĻʾһģ
a boy such as yourself.
һк
Of a degree or quality indicated:
˵ģָĳ̶Ȼʵģ
Their anxiety was such that they could not sleep.
˽ǣ˯
Of so extreme a degree or quality:
ģǳģзǳ˵ĳ̶Ȼʵģ
never dreamed of such wealth.
δĲƸ
adv.ʣ
To so extreme a degree; so:
˵أﵽ˼˵ĳ̶ȵأô
such beautiful flowers; such a funny character.
Ļ䣻ôԸ
Very; especially:
ǳرأ
She has been in such poor health lately.
Ľ״ǳ
pron.ʣ
Such a person or persons or thing or things:
˻Щ˻
was the mayor and as such presided over the council; expected difficulties, and such occurred.
г飻ԤڻѣѹȻ
Itself alone or within itself:
䱾
Money as such will seldom bring total happiness.
ǮٻҸ
Someone or something implied or indicated:
⣬ǣָʾĳ˻ĳ
Such are the fortunes of war.
ЩսĻ
Similar things or people; the like:
Ƶ˻ ͬһ͵˻
pins, needles, and such.
롢
?
such as
For example.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English swylc * see  swo- 
Դ Ӣ swylc *μ swo- 

= =
suck
suck
AHD:[s?k] 
D.J.[sJk]
K.K.[sJk]
v.ʣ
sucked,suck.ing,sucks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To draw (liquid) into the mouth by movements of the tongue and lips that create suction.
˱룺ʹ˶Һ壩
To draw in by establishing a partial vacuum:
ͨ루ĳ
a cleaning device that sucks up dirt.
װ
To draw in by or as if by a current in a fluid.
룺ͨͨеһ
To draw or pull as if by suction:
룺ͨջ
teenagers who are sucked into a life of crime.
ǣ˷ĵ
To draw nourishment through or from:
ȡͨĳӣĳȡ֣
suck a baby bottle.
˱ƿ
To hold, moisten, or maneuver (a sweet, for example) in the mouth.
˱ʳﺬСŪʪתһǣ
Vulgar Slang To perform fellatio on.
 ٵ ڽֳп
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To draw something in by or as if by suction:
룺ͨͨĳ
felt the drain starting to suck.
еˮܿʼˮ
To draw nourishment; suckle.
˱֣˱
To make a sound caused by suction.
ͨ˱Ķ
Slang To behave obsequiously; fawn. Often used withup.  
ٵ ͽ᣻Сͨup  
Vulgar Slang To be disgustingly disagreeable or offensive.
 ٵ ˼
n.ʣ
The act or sound of sucking.
˱˱Ϊ
Suction.

Something drawn in by sucking.
ͨ˱ĳ
?
suck in
To take advantage of; cheat; swindle.
ãƭթȡ
?
Middle English suken 
йӢ suken 
from Old English s?n * see  seu- 2
Դ Ӣ s?n *μ seu- 2

= =
sudden
sud.den
AHD:[s?dn] 
D.J.[6sJdn]
K.K.[6sJd2]
adj.ݴʣ
Happening without warning; unforeseen:
ͻȻģûԤ׶ͻȻģδԤģ
a sudden storm.
ͻȻķ籩
Characterized by hastiness; abrupt or rash:
ģִٵģɵģ³çĻʵģ
a sudden decision.See Synonyms at impetuous 
ʵľμ impetuous
Characterized by rapidity; quick and swift.
ģѸٵģжΪصģѸҷɿ
?
all of a sudden
Very quickly and unexpectedly; suddenly.
ͻȻأǳѸٵغͻȻأϵ
?
Middle English sodain 
йӢ sodain 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *subit3s 
Դ  *subit3s 
from Latin subit3s 
Դ  subit3s 
from subitus [from past participle of] subore [to approach stealthily] 
Դ subitus  [] ԴsuboreĹȥִ [ĵؿ] 
sub- [secretly] * see  sub- 
sub- [ܵ] *μ sub-oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [ȥ] *μ ei- 
?
suddenly
adv.ʣ
suddenness
n.ʣ

= =
sue
sue
AHD:[s?] 
D.J.[su8]
K.K.[su]
v.ʣ
sued,su.ing,sues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Law 
ɡ 
To petition (a court) for redress of grievances or recovery of a right.
򣨷Ժߣ󣨷ԺϵĲȻָĳȨ
To institute proceedings against (a person) for redress of grievances.
ϣͨɳߣĳˣı
To carry (an action) through to a final decision.
ͨվʵʩһ
To court; woo.
󰮣
Obsolete To make a petition to; appeal to; beseech.
 󣻺
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Law To institute legal proceedings; bring suit.
ɡ ظ棺ɳ򣻿ظ
To make an appeal or entreaty:

I sue for grace, and thou deny'st me(Francis Quarles)
ˡܾҡ(˹˹)
To pay court; woo.
飻
?
Middle English sewen 
йӢ sewen 
from Anglo-Norman suer 
Դ Ӣ suer 
from Vulgar Latin *sequere [to follow] 
Դ  *sequere [] 
from Latin sequo} * see  sek w- 1
Դ  sequo} *μ sek w- 1
?
suer
n.ʣ
?
Sue
Sue
AHD:[s?, s] Eugne  Pen name of Marie Joseph Sue.(1804-1857) 
D.J.[su8, sju8]
K.K.[su, sju]
NONE޴ԣ
French writer known for his sensational novels that depict the sordid side of city life, includingThe Mysteries of Paris  (1842-1843). 
գȽ(1804-1857) ңдĳƪС˵ƣƷܡ 1842-1843꣩ 

= =
suffer
suf.fer
AHD:[s?fr] 
D.J.[6sJf*]
K.K.[6sJf+]
v.ʣ
suf.fered,suf.fer.ing,suf.fers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel pain or distress; sustain loss, injury, harm, or punishment.
ܿ࣬ʧܺеʹѹ֣ʧ˺𺦻ͷ
To tolerate or endure evil, injury, pain, or death.See Synonyms at bear 1
ܻ̲ܿ࣬ܺҡ˺ʹμ bear1
To appear at a disadvantage:
ڲλ
He suffers by comparison with his greater contemporary(Albert C. Baugh)
Ƚ֮£ͬʱΰ(C.)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To undergo or sustain (something painful, injurious, or unpleasant):
ܣܣܻܣʹġкĻĶ
Ordinary men have always had to suffer the history their leaders were making(Herbert J. Muller)
ͨǲòǵʷ(ղJ.)
To experience; undergo:
ܣ
suffer a change in staff.See Synonyms at experience 
ְԱı任μ experience
To endure or bear; stand:
ܣ̣ܣ
would not suffer fools.
̰׳
To permit; allow:

They were not suffered to aspire to so exalted a position as that of streetcar conductor(Edmund S. Morgan)
Ƕ糵Աôߵְλ(S.Ħ)
?
Middle English suffren 
йӢ suffren 
from Old French sufrir 
Դ ŷ sufrir 
from Vulgar Latin *sufferoe 
Դ  *sufferoe 
from Latin sufferre 
Դ  sufferre 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺] 
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [] *μ bher- 1
?
sufferer
n.ʣ
sufferingly
adv.ʣ
?
In general usagesuffer  is preferably used with from,  rather than with,  in constructions such as He suffered from hypertension.  According to 94 percent of the Usage Panel,suffered with 
 would be unacceptable in the preceding example. In medical usagesuffer with  is sometimes employed with reference to the actual pain or discomfort caused by a condition, whilesuffer 
from  is used more broadly in reference to a condition, such as anemia, that is detrimental but not necessarily painful.
һ÷ԣиѪѹ֢ ĽṹУ suffer  from ã with  ٷ֮ʮĵ÷ίԱΪһsuffer with ܡ 
ҽѧϣsuffer with ʱָʾĳ״ľʹʣ suffer from ʾһ״ƶѪ֢ ״кĵһʹĻʹ

= =
suffice
suf.fice
AHD:[s-fos] 
D.J.[s*6fa!s]
K.K.[s*6fa!s]
v.ʣ
suf.ficed,suf.fic.ing,suf.fic.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To meet present needs or requirements; be sufficient:
㣺ĿǰҪ󣻳㣺
These rations will suffice until next week.
Щֵܹ֧
To be equal to a specified task; be capable:
ʤΣĳض
No words will suffice to convey my grief.
ûܹҵı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To satisfy the needs or requirements of; be enough for.
㹻㡭ҪҪ󣻶ԡ
?
Middle English suffisen 
йӢ suffisen 
from Old French suffire  suffis- 
Դ ŷ suffire  suffis- 
from Latin sufficere 
Դ  sufficere 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [׺ϵͣ] 
facere [to make] * see  dh?- 
facere [] *μ dh?- 
?
sufficer
n.ʣ

= =
sufficient
suf.fi.cient
AHD:[s-f1shnt] 
D.J.[s*6f!.*nt]
K.K.[s*6f!.*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Abbr. suf.,suff.Being as much as is needed.
д suf.,suff.ģҪ
Archaic Competent; qualified.
 ģϸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin suffici?s  sufficient- [present participle of] sufficere [to suffice] * see  suffice 
Դ  suffici?s  sufficient-  [] sufficereڷִ [㹻] *μ suffice
?
sufficiently
adv.ʣ
?
sufficient,adequate,enough
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is being what is needed without being in excess: 
Щݴе˼ǡ㹻ĵġ 
has sufficient income for a comfortable retirement;
㹻뱣֤ʵ
bought an adequate supply of food;
˳ʳ
drew enough water to fill the tub. insufficient 
㹻ˮ insufficient

= =
sugar
sug.ar
AHD:[sh?gr] 
D.J.[6.&g*]
K.K.[6.&g+]
n.ʣ
A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to 
improve their taste.Also called  table sugar 
ǣһĽᾧ״ĩ״ʣǰɫģҪӸᡢȡǣڶʳϺҩԸζҲ  table sugar
Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates, including sucrose and lactose, having a characteristically sweet taste and classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and 
trisaccharides.
ࣺκһˮԵĽᾧǣǺǣζ𣬿ɷΪǡǺ
A unit, such as a lump or cube, in which sugar is dispensed or taken.
λǣһλǣһǻһ
Slang Sweetheart. Used as a term of endearment.
ٵ ǣģǳ
v.ʣ
sug.ared,sug.ar.ing,sug.ars 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To coat, cover, or sweeten with sugar.
£ڣ°
To make less distasteful or more appealing.
άʹϲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form sugar.
γǣתΪ
To form granules; granulate.
Ϊ״ɿ״
To make sugar or syrup from sugar maple sap. Often used withoff.  
ǣҺƳǻǽoff  
?
Middle English sugre 
йӢ sugre 
from Old French sukere 
Դ ŷ sukere 
from Medieval Latin succ3m 
Դ  succ3m 
from Old Italian zucchero 
Դ  zucchero 
from Arabic sukkar 
Դ  sukkar 
from Persian shakar 
Դ ˹ shakar 
from Sanskrit ?3} [grit, ground sugar] 
Դ  ?3} [ɰɰĥɷ۵] 
?
sugarer
n.ʣ

= =
suggest
sug.gest
AHD:[sg-jst, s-jst] 
D.J.[s*g6d9est, s*6d9est]
K.K.[s*g6d9Wst, s*6d9Wst]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sug.gest.ed,sug.gest.ing,sug.gests 
To offer for consideration or action; propose:
飺Թǻж飺
suggest things for children to do; suggested that we take a walk.
麢һЩ£ȥɢ
To bring or call to mind by logic or association; evoke:
ʹ뵽ͨ߼ʹ𣻻
a cloud that suggests a mushroom; a ringlike symbol suggesting unity.
һ뵽Ģƣ뵽ŽĻ״
To make evident indirectly; intimate or imply:
ӵرʾ
a silence that suggested disapproval.
Ĭʾŷ
To serve as or provide a motive for; prompt or demand:
Ҫ󣺳ΪṩѻҪ
Such a crime suggests apt punishment.
һ׮Ҫʵĳͷ
?
Latin suggerere  suggest- 
 suggerere  suggest- 
sub- [up] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
gerere [to carry] 
gerere [] 
?
suggester
n.ʣ
?
suggest,imply,hint,intimate,insinuate
These verbs mean to convey thoughts or ideas by indirection.
Щʵ˼üӵķʽ˼۵㡣
 Suggest   refers to the calling of something to mind as the result of an association of ideas or train of thought: 
 Suggest  ָͨ˼ϵʹ뵽ĳ£ 
his erect and careless attitude suggesting assurance and power  (Joseph Conrad).Toimply  is to suggest a thought or an idea that is unexpressed but that can be inferred from 
something else, such as a statement, that is more explicit: 
ֱ˵ʹĵ̬뵽ȷź ԼImply ˼һûȷʾ뷨⣬ ԴӱĽԵһƶϳ 
The effusive praise the professor heaped on one of the students seemed to imply indifference toward or disapproval of the rest.
ڶһѧͷϵƺ˸еѧ䵭ͷ񶨡
Hint   refers to an oblique or covert suggestion that often contains clues: 
Hint  ָͨļӵĻܵİʾ 
He hinted that he would accept an invitation if it were extended.
ʾĻܡ
My imagination supplied the explanation you only hinted at.
ҵ˺İʾĽ͡
Intimate   applies to indirect, subtle expression that often reflects discretion, tact, or reserve: 
Intimate  ָһЩӳɻļӵġ΢ı﷽ʽ 
She intimated that she and her husband were having marital problems. Toinsinuate  is to suggest something, usually something unpleasant, in a covert, sly, and underhanded manner:  
ذʾɷĻ̳⡣ Insinuate ָεġίĻܵķʽʾͨǲ£  
The columnist insinuatedbut never actually assertedthat the candidate had underworld ties. 
רҰʾδعѡйϸ 

= =
suggestion
sug.ges.tion
AHD:[sg-jschn, s-js-] 
D.J.[s*g6d9est.*n, s*6d9es-]
K.K.[s*g6d9Wst.*n, s*6d9Ws-]
n.ʣ
The act of suggesting.
飬ʾʾΪ
Something suggested:
ʾ
We ordered the shrimp, a suggestion of the waiter.
ȡԱĽ飬ǽϺ
The sequential process by which one thought or mental image leads to another.
룬һ뷨һ뷨󣩵
A psychological process by which an idea is induced in or adopted by another without argument, command, or coercion.
ʾûκۡǿʱһ뷨շȡһ뷨
An idea or response so induced.
ʾշ뷨Ӧ
A hint or trace:
΢ϸ΢ļ
just a suggestion of makeup; the first suggestion of trouble ahead.
һ˿ױǰ鷳ĵһΰʾ

= =
suicide
su.i.cide
AHD:[s?1-sod] 
D.J.[6su8!7sa!d]
K.K.[6su!7sa!d]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of intentionally killing oneself.
ɱɱԼΪ
The destruction or ruin of one's own interests:
Ի٣ȡƻԼΪ
It is professional suicide to involve oneself in illegal practices.
·ǷרŵԻΪ
One who commits suicide.
ɱ
?
Latin suo} [of oneself] * see  s(w)e- 
 suo} [Լģ˵] *μ s(w)e- 
-cide 
-cide

= =
suit
suit
AHD:[s?t] 
D.J.[su8t]
K.K.[sut]
n.ʣ
A set of matching outer garments, especially one consisting of a coat with trousers or a skirt.
װһ·һףָһºͿȹɵһ·
A costume for a special activity:
ȫװΪĳضĻŵķװ
a diving suit; a running suit.
ˮ£ܲ
A group of things used together; a set or collection:
ף飬һʹõһ鶫һף
a suit of sails; a suit of tools.
һ緫һ׹
Games Any of the four sets of 13 playing cards (clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades) in a standard deck, the members of which bear the same marks.
Ϸ ͬɫһƣ׼һֽ13һ׵еһףҡ顢ҡ÷ÿһеƵĻɫͬ
Attendance required of a vassal at his feudal lord's court or manor.
⳼ڳ͢⽨լڳֵ
Law A court proceeding to recover a right or claim.
ɡ ϣϰΪػȨ⳥еķͥ
The act or an instance of courting a woman; courtship:
󰮣飺Ů󰮻Ϊ
She was inclined to accept his suit.
Ը
v.ʣ
suit.ed,suit.ing,suits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To meet the requirements of; fit:
ʺϣϡҪ
This candidate does not suit our qualifications.
ѡ˲ǵ
To make appropriate or suitable; adapt:
ʹʺϣӦʹˣ
builders who suit the house to the owner's specifications.
ʹʺϷĹĽ
To be appropriate for; befit:
ʣ
a color that suits you.
ʺɫ
To please; satisfy:
ʹˣʹе⣺
a choice that suits us all.
һǴҶѡ
To provide with clothing; dress:
··
The NCOs suited the recruits in green uniforms.
ʿȸ±ɫƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be suitable or acceptable.
ʻ
To be in accord; agree or match.
һ£Эƥ
?
suit up
To put on clothing designed for a special activity:
װ;ȫװ
suits up in shorts for a jog.
϶̿׼
?
Middle English sute 
йӢ sute 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Vulgar Latin *sequita [act of following] 
Դ  *sequita [ŵĶ] 
feminine of *sequitus 
 *sequitusԴ 
past participle of *sequere [to follow] 
 *sequereĹȥִ [] 
from Latin sequo} * see  suitor 
Դ  sequo} *μ suitor

= =
suitable
suit.a.ble
AHD:[s?t-bl] 
D.J.[6su8t*b*l]
K.K.[6sut*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Appropriate to a purpose or an occasion.See Synonyms at fit 1
ʵģʺĳһĿĻĳֳϵĲμ fit1
?
suitability  
suitableness
n.ʣ
suitably
adv.ʣ

= =
suitcase
suit.case
AHD:[s?tk3s] 
D.J.[6su8t7ke!s]
K.K.[6sut7kes]
n.ʣ
A usually rectangular piece of luggage for carrying clothing.
䣺ʢװķ

= =
sulphur
sulphur 1
AHD:[s?lfr] 
D.J.[6sJlf*]
K.K.[6sJlf+]
n.ʣ
Any of various butterflies of the genusColias  and related genera of the family Pieridae, having yellow or orange wings marked with black. 
Ʒ۵һַ۵ ͷ۵йصĺǻɫۻɫкɫ 
?
sulphur
sulphur 2
AHD:[s?lfr] 
D.J.[6sJlf*]
K.K.[6sJlf+]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of sulfur 
 sulfurı
?
Sulphur
Sul.phur
AHD:[s?lfr] 
D.J.[6sJlf*]
K.K.[6sJlf+]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southwest Louisiana west of Lake Charles. It is a trade center in an oil and natural gas region. Population, 20,125.
·˹һУλڲ˹ʯͺȻóġ˿20,125

= =
sum
sum
AHD:[s?m] 
D.J.[sJm]
K.K.[sJm]
n.Mathematics ʣѧ 
An amount obtained as a result of adding numbers.
ͣӺõ
An arithmetic problem:
⣺һ⣺
a child good at sums.
һĺ
The whole amount, quantity, or number; an aggregate:
ϣܼƣе֣
the sum of the team's combined experience.
ԱϾļ
An amount of money:
һǮ
paid an enormous sum.
֧һʿ
A summary:
˼ܸţ
my view of the world, in sum.
˵ҵ
The central idea or point; the gist.
Ҫ㣬ҪּҪ˼ĵ㣻Ҫ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
summed,sum.ming,sums 
Mathematics To add.
ѧ ܼ
To give a summary of; summarize.
ܽ
?
sum up
To present the substance of (material) in a condensed form; summarize:
ԣϣҪ˵
sum up the day's news; concluded the lecture by summing up.
˵ţԶҪ˱
To describe or assess concisely:
Ҫۣ
an epithet that sums up my feelings.
ر˼ݴ
?
Middle English summe 
йӢ summe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin summa [from feminine of] summus [highest] * see  uper 
Դ  summa  [] ԴsummusԴ [ߵ] *μ uper 

= =
summarize
sum.ma.rize
AHD:[s?m-roz] 
D.J.[6sJm*7ra!z]
K.K.[6sJm*7ra!z]
v.intr.tr.ﶯʺͼﶯʣ
sum.ma.rized,sum.ma.riz.ing,sum.ma.riz.es 
To make a summary or make a summary of.
ܽ᣺ܽ
?
summarization
AHD:[s?mr-1-z3shn] ʣ
summarizer
n.ʣ

= =
summary
sum.ma.ry
AHD:[s?m-r?] 
D.J.[6sJm*ri8]
K.K.[6sJm*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
Presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise:
ģܽģҪģģ
a summary review.
ҪĹ۵
Performed speedily and without ceremony:
̵ģģ򵥻ģѸٵؽûйʽģ
summary justice; a summary rejection.
Уܾ
n.ʣ
 sum.ma.ries 
A presentation of the substance of a body of material in a condensed form or by reducing it to its main points; an abstract.
ҪüʽͨٻҪݽеժҪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin summ3s [of or concerning the sum] 
Դ  summ3s [йܽ] 
from Latin summa [sum] * see  sum 
Դ  summa [ܽ] *μ sum
?
summarily
AHD:[s-mr-l?] ʣ
summariness
n.ʣ

= =
summer
summer 1
AHD:[s?mr] 
D.J.[6sJm*]
K.K.[6sJm+]
n.ʣ
The usually warmest season of the year, occurring between spring and autumn and constituting June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere, or, as calculated astronomically, 
extending from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox.
죬ļͨһߵļڣڴ＾֮䣬ڱ¡ºͰ»ѧķ㣬ֹ
A period of fruition, fulfillment, happiness, or beauty.
׳꣬ȫʢڣ졢㡢Ҹһʱ
A year:
꣺
a girl of 13 summers.
һ13Ů
v.ʣ
sum.mered,sum.mer.ing,sum.mers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lodge or keep during the summer:
ʱڱţ
summered the herd in the south meadow.
ϱߵĲݵϷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pass the summer:
ȹ죺
They summered at a beach resort.
ɳ̲ȼʤضȹ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, having to do with, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of summer:
ģļģļġļصġļֵĻʺļģ
summer heat; summer attire.
ȣװ
Grown during the season of summer:
ֲģ
summer crops.
ļׯ
?
Middle English sumer 
йӢ sumer 
from Old English sumor * see  sem- 2
Դ Ӣ sumor *μ sem- 2
?
summerly
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
?
summer
summer 2
AHD:[s?mr] 
D.J.[6sJm*]
K.K.[6sJm+]
n.Architecture ʣѧ 
A heavy horizontal timber that serves as a supporting beam, especially for the floor above.
һصˮƽľϣ֧ŵľָ֧ݶ
A lintel.

A large, heavy stone usually set on the top of a column or pilaster to support an arch or a lintel.
Ƕʯһ޴󡢳صʯͷͨӻ֧񷶥
?
Middle English [beam, pack animal] 
йӢ [] 
from Anglo-Norman sumer 
Դ Ӣ sumer 
from Vulgar Latin *saum3s 
Դ  *saum3s 
from Late Latin sagm3s [pertaining to a packsaddle, packhorse] 
Դ  sagm3s [԰ģ] 
from sagma [packsaddle] * see  sumpter 
Դ sagma [԰] *μ sumpter

= =
summit
sum.mit
AHD:[s?m1t] 
D.J.[6sJm!t]
K.K.[6sJm!t]
n.ʣ
The highest point or part; the top.
㣬ߵ㣺ߵĵ򲿷֣
The highest level or degree that can be attained.
㣬㣺ܹﵽߵˮƽ̶
The highest level, as of government officials.
߼߼Ա߹ٽ
A summit conference.
߼
?
Middle English somet 
йӢ somet 
from Old French sommette [diminutive of] som [top] 
Դ ŷ sommette  [] somС׺ [壬] 
from Latin summum [from neuter of] summus [highest] * see  uper 
Դ  summum  [] ԴsummusԴ [ߵ] *μ uper 
?
summit,peak,pinnacle,acme,apex,zenith,climax
These nouns all mean the highest point.
Щʵ˼ߵ㡣
 Summit  denotes the highest level attainable: 
 Summit  ָɴﵽˮƽ 
This [appointment] had been the summit of Mr. Bertram's ambition   (Sir Walter Scott).
 һֱǲҰĵļ㡱  ء˾ؾʿ
 Peak   usually refers to the uppermost point: 
 Peak  ָͨߵ㣺 
It was the peak of summer in the Berkshires  (Saul Bellow).
ǲļȵʱڡ ¦
 Pinnacle   denotes a towering height, as of achievement: 
 Pinnacle  ָͻĸ߶ȣɾ͵Ķ壺 
The articulation of the theory of relativity catapulted Albert Einstein to the pinnacle of fame.
۵ء˹̹ƵĶ塣
Acme   refers to an ultimate point, as of perfection: 
Acme  ָ 㣬ļ 
The artist's gifts are at their acme.
ǵ츳ӵ쾡¡
Apex   is the culminating point: 
Apex  ָ 
The Nazi regime represents the apex of oppression and intimidation.
ɴͳδѹ붲ŵļ㡣
Zenith   is the point of highest achievement, most complete development, or greatest power: 
Zenith  ָĳɾͣƵķչǿ 
Chivalry was then in its zenith  (Henry Hallam).
ʿʱ۷״̬ 
 Climax   refers to the point of greatest strength, effect, or intensitythat marks the end point of an ascending process: 
 Climax  ָģӰĻǿĵ㣬̵յ㣺 
The collapse of the government was merely the climax of a series of constitutional crises. 
̨һϵΣ߳ 
?
Summit
Sum.mit
AHD:[s?m1t] 
D.J.[6sJm!t]
K.K.[6sJm!t]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of northeast New Jersey west of Newark. It is mainly residential. Population, 19,757.
أݶһУλŦ߿Ҫס˿19,757

= =
summon
sum.mon
AHD:[s?mn] 
D.J.[6sJm*n]
K.K.[6sJm*n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sum.moned,sum.mon.ing,sum.mons 
To call together; convene.
ټٻ
To request to appear; send for.See Synonyms at call 
Ҫϯ֣ȥμ call
Law To order to appear in court by the issuance of a summons.
ɡ ʹƱĳ˳ͥ
To order to take a specified action; bid:
ȡضжҪ
summon the captain to surrender.
ξͶ
To call forth; evoke:

He summoned up a smile, though it seemed to take all his strength(Colin Turnbull)
һЦݣȻƺľ(֡ض)
?
Middle English somonen 
йӢ somonen 
from Old French somondre 
Դ ŷ somondre 
from Vulgar Latin *summonere 
Դ  *summonere 
from Latin summon?e [to remind privately, hint to] 
Դ  summon?e [ʾ˽] 
sub- [secretly] * see  sub- 
sub- [ܵ] *μ sub-
mon?e [to warn] * see  men- 1
mon?e [] *μ men- 1
?
summoner
n.ʣ

= =
sun
sun
AHD:[s?n] 
D.J.[sJn]
K.K.[sJn]
n.ʣ
A star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light. It has a mean distance from Earth of about 150 million kilometers (93 
million miles), a diameter of approximately 1,390,000 kilometers (864,000 miles), and a mass about 330,000 times that of Earth.
̫̫ϵһҪĺǣάŵϵǵȵԴƽһǧǧӢֱ̫Լһʮʮ
ǧӢԼΪʮ
A star that is the center of a planetary system.
ǣϵĵһź
The radiant energy, especially heat and visible light, emitted by the sun; sunshine.
չ⣺̫ķܣָȺͿɼ⣻
v.ʣ
sunned,sun.ning,suns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expose to the sun's rays, as for warming, drying, or tanning.
ɹأʹ¶УΪȡůɻɹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To expose oneself or itself to the sun.
ɹ̫Լ¶
?
in the sun
In the public eye.
ΪעĿ
under the sun
On earth; in the world.
ϣ˼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sunne * see  s3wel- 
Դ Ӣ sunne *μ s3wel- 

= =
sunlight
sun.light
AHD:[s?nlot] 
D.J.[6sJn7la!t]
K.K.[6sJn7la!t]
n.ʣ
The light of the sun; sunshine.
⣻

= =
sunny
sun.ny
AHD:[s?n?] 
D.J.[6sJni8]
K.K.[6sJni]
adj.ݴʣ
sun.ni.er,sun.ni.est 
Exposed to or abounding in sunshine:
ģյģ
a sunny room.
ķ
Cheerful; genial:
ģ鿪еģ
a sunny smile.
º͵΢Ц
?
sunnily
adv.ʣ
sunniness
n.ʣ

= =
sunrise
sun.rise
AHD:[s?nroz] 
D.J.[6sJn7ra!z]
K.K.[6sJn7ra!z]
n.ʣ
The event or time of the daily first appearance of the sun above the eastern horizon.
̫ÿڶƽϵһγֵ¼ʱ
An outset or emergence:
ˣ
the sunrise of classical art and sculpture.
ŵ͵̵Ŀʼ
?
Sunrise
Sun.rise
AHD:[s?nroz] 
D.J.[6sJn7ra!z]
K.K.[6sJn7ra!z]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of southeast Florida east of Fort Lauderdale. Population, 64,407.
ɣ˹ݶϲһУλ͵´Ķ˿64,407

= =
sunset
sun.set
AHD:[s?nst] 
D.J.[6sJn7set]
K.K.[6sJn7sWt]
n.ʣ
The event or time of the daily disappearance of the sun below the western horizon.
̫ÿƽʧ¼ʱ
A decline or final phase:
꣺˥ʱڣ
the sunset of an empire.
۹ĩ
adj.ݴʣ
Providing for the automatic termination of a government program or agency unless deliberately reauthorized by law:
ڷֹģɷصȨһƻзֹģ
a state-funded program with a sunset provision.
С䡱ļƻ

= =
sunshine
sun.shine
AHD:[s?nshon] 
D.J.[6sJn7.a!n]
K.K.[6sJn7.a!n]
n.ʣ
The light or the direct rays from the sun.
չ⣬
Radiant cheerfulness; geniality.
֣
A source of cheerfulness.
֮Դ
adj.ݴʣ
Requiring governmental bodies to hold open meetings and sometimes to permit public access to records:
ģҪٿ飬ʱڲĻ¼ģ
a sunshine law.
ֿԱϷ
?
sunshiny
adj.ݴʣ

= =
super
su.per
AHD:[s?pr] 
D.J.[6su8p*]
K.K.[6sup+]
n.ʣ
Informal An article or a product of superior size, quality, or grade.
ʽ ؼƷشšŻؼƷƷ
Informal 
ʽ 
A superintendent in an apartment or office building.
ˣԢ칫¥ĹԱ
A supernumerary.

Printing A thin starched cotton mesh used to reinforce the spines and covers of books.
ӡˢ ɴӹ鼹õıӲɴ
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Very large, great, or extreme:
شģغõĻ򼫶˵ģ
yet another super Skyscraper(Dylan Thomas)
һĦ¥(ס˹)
Excellent; first-rate:
Ϊģһģ
a super party.
˵
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Especially; extremely:
ǣֵģ
a super accurate missile; was super careful.
侫ȷĵϸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
su.pered,su.per.ing,su.pers ӡˢ 
To reinforce (a book spine or cover) with super.
ɴӹ̣鼹棩

= =
superb
su.perb
AHD:[s?-p?rb] 
D.J.[s&6pT8b]
K.K.[s&6pPb]
adj.ݴʣ
Of unusually high quality; excellent:
ߵģģ
a superb wine; superb skill.
õľƣһļ
Majestic; imposing:
ϵģ׳ģ
The cheetah is a superb animal.
ԱϵĶ
Rich; luxurious.
ʢģ
?
Latin superbus [arrogant, superior] * see  uper 
 superbus [ģ߰] *μ uper 
?
superbly
adv.ʣ
superbness
n.ʣ

= =
superficial
su.per.fi.cial
AHD:[s?pr-f1shl] 
D.J.[7su8p*6f!.*l]
K.K.[7sup+6f!.*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, affecting, or being on or near the surface:
ģڡӰڱϻӽģ
a superficial wound.
Ƥ
Concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; shallow.
ǳģֻĻֻԻȻģǳ
Apparent rather than actual or substantial:
ϵģòʵʵʵڵģ
a superficial resemblance.
ϵ
Trivial; insignificant:
΢Сģ޹ؽҪģ
made only a few superficial changes in the manuscript.
ָֻ޹ؽҪСĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French superficiel 
Դ ŷ superficiel 
from Latin superfici3s 
Դ  superfici3s 
from superfici?s [surface] * see  superficies 
Դ superfici?s [] *μ superficies
?
superficiality
AHD:[-f1sh?-2l1-t?]   super.ficial.ness [-f1shl-n1s] ʣ
superficially
adv.ʣ
?
superficial,shallow,cursory
These adjectives mean lacking in depth or thoroughness.
ЩݴʱʾȱȻ򳹵ԡ
 Superficial   applies to people or their thoughts or actions and means concerned largely with what is obvious or on the surface: 
 Superficial  ָ˻˼жʾҪԻϵĶ 
Only the most superficial mind would assert nowadays that man is a reasonable creature  (H.G. Wells).
ֻ򵥵ͷԲŻǵĶ (HG˹
 Shallow   emphasizes lack of intellectual or emotional profundity: 
 Shallow  ǿȱеȣ 
I do not take a great interest in many people . . .for I find most of them shallow  (Booth Tarkington).
Ҷû̫ȤΪҷеĴǳ ˹٣
 Cursory   implies haste and lack of meticulous attention to detail: 
 Cursory  ʾæȱٶϸڵһ˿ע⣺ 
A cursory inspection of the house failed to reveal its structural flaws. 
ԷӴԵļδܷṹϵ 

= =
superior
su.pe.ri.or
AHD:[s?-p?r?-r] 
D.J.[s&6p!*ri8*]
K.K.[s&6p!ri+]
adj.Abbr. sup.,super.ݴʣд sup.,super.
Higher than another in rank, station, or authority:
ϼģڵȼλȨ˵ģ
a superior officer.
ϼԱ
Of a higher nature or kind.
ϺõģƷֽϸߵ
Of great value or excellence; extraordinary.
ֵ޴ƷԽģͻ
Greater in number or amount than another:
϶ģĿģ
an army defeated by superior numbers of enemy troops.
һ֧ĵ˶ܵľ
Affecting an attitude of disdain or conceit; haughty and supercilious.
ģڳӵģ߰ʢ˵
Above being affected or influenced; indifferent or immune:
ΪģܸжӰģĮĵĻ޶Եģ
Trust magnates were superior to law(Gustavus Myers)
˹ľͷڷ֮ϡ(˹˹˹)
Located higher than another; upper.
Ϸģλøģϸߵ
Botany Inserted or situated above the perianth. Used of an ovary.
ֲѧ λģλڻ֮ϵġֲӷ
Printing Set above the main line of type.
ӡˢ ϱģӡˢ֮ϵ
Logic Of wider or more comprehensive application; generic. Used of a term or proposition.
߼ѧ Χģڸ㷺Ӧõģͨõġһ
n.ʣ
One who surpasses another in rank or quality.
٣ȼƷʳ˵
Ecclesiastical The head of a religious community, such as a monastery, an abbey, or a convent.
̻᡿ ޵ԺԺڽ壬޵ԺԺŮ޵Ժ
Printing A superior character, as the number 2 in x2. 
ӡˢ ϱ֣ϱַX2е2 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin [comparative of] superus [upper] 
Դ   [] superusıȽϼ [Ϸ] 
from super [over] * see  uper 
Դ super [ڡ] *μ uper 
?
superiority
AHD:[-?r1-t?, -?r-] ʣ
superiorly
adv.ʣ
?
Superior
Su.pe.ri.or
AHD:[s?-p?r?-r] 
D.J.[s&6p!*ri8*]
K.K.[s&6p!ri+]
NONE޴ԣ
A city of northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior opposite Duluth, Minnesota. The city grew after the discovery of iron ore nearby in the 1880's. Population, 27,134.
ձһУλ˹ݵձմĵ¬˹1980չ˿27,134
?
Superior
SuperiorLake
NONE޴ԣ
The largest and westernmost of the Great Lakes, between the north-central United States and southern Ontario, Canada. Probably first sighted by French explorers in the early 1600's, it 
is an important link in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway system.
ձġĺλвͼô󰲴ϲ֮䡣Լ1600Ϊ̽ռҷ֣ʥ˹ҪŦ

= =
supermarket
su.per.mar.ket
AHD:[s?pr-m?rk1t] 
D.J.[6su8p*7m$8k!t]
K.K.[6sup+7m$rk!t]
n.ʣ
A large self-service retail market that sells food and household goods.
г͵ʽгʳＰƷ

= =
supersonic
su.per.son.ic
AHD:[s?pr-s?n1k] 
D.J.[7su8p*6sKn!k]
K.K.[7sup+6s$n!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Having, caused by, or relating to a speed greater than the speed of sound in a given medium, especially air.
ٵģһý飨ָдٵģɳĻ֮йص
Of or relating to sound waves beyond human audibility.
ģ޷Ļ볬йص
?
supersonically
adv.ʣ

= =
supervise
su.per.vise
AHD:[s?pr-voz] 
D.J.[6su8p*7va!z]
K.K.[6sup+7va!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
su.per.vised,su.per.vis.ing,su.per.vis.es 
To have the charge and direction of; superintend.
ලָ
?
Middle English *supervisen 
йӢ *supervisen 
from Medieval Latin supervid?e  supervos- 
Դ  supervid?e  supervos- 
Latin super- [super-] 
 super- [ǰ׺ʾϣϷ] 
Latin vid?e [to see] * see  weid- 
 vid?e [] *μ weid- 
?
supervise,boss,overlook,oversee,superintend
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to have the direction and oversight of the performance of others: 
Щʹе˼Ϊָල˵Ĺ 
supervised a team of investigators;
ලһ飻
bossed a construction crew;
ӹͷ
overlooking farm hands;
ũ๤
overseeing plumbers and electricians;
ܵ繤ͷ
superintend a household staff. 
Ӷ 

= =
supper
sup.per
AHD:[s?pr] 
D.J.[6sJp*]
K.K.[6sJp+]
n.ʣ
A light evening meal when dinner is taken at midday.
ͣʱļ
A light meal eaten before going to bed.
ҹģ˯֮ǰԵļ
A dance or social affair where supper is served.
ͻ᣺͵򼯻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French souper [to sup, supper] * see  sup 2
Դ ŷ souper [ͣ] *μ sup2

= =
supplement
sup.ple.ment
AHD:[s?pl-mnt] 
D.J.[6sJpl*m*nt]
K.K.[6sJpl*m*nt]
n.Abbr. sup.,supp.,suppl.ʣд sup.,supp.,suppl.
Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole.
ĳĳ¡䲻㡢չǿ
A section added to a book or document to give further information or to correct errors.
ţ鼮ļģṩһϢĲ
A separate section devoted to a special subject inserted into a periodical, such as a newspaper.
һڿһֽרڿĳһרĶ
Mathematics The angle or arc that when added to a given angle or arc makes 180= or a semicircle.Also called  In this sense, also called supplementary angle 
ѧ ǻ򲹻һǻγ180ȽǻԲĽǻҲ  ڴҲɳ supplementary angle
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sup.ple.ment.ed,sup.ple.ment.ing,sup.ple.ments[-mnt]  
To provide or form a supplement to.
򲹳
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin suppl?m 
Դ  suppl?m 
from suppl?e [to complete] * see  supply 
Դ suppl?e [] *μ supply
?
supplementarity
AHD:[-tar1-t?] ʣ
supplementary
AHD:[-mnt-r?, -tr?]   supple.mental [-mntl] ݴʣ
supplementation
AHD:[-mn-t3shn] ʣ

= =
supply
sup.ply
AHD:[s-plo] 
D.J.[s*6pla!]
K.K.[s*6pla!]
v.ʣ
sup.plied,sup.ply.ing,sup.plies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make available for use; provide.
ӦṩƷ
To furnish or equip with:
䱸 ѡӦ
supplied sheets for every bed.
ÿŴϴ
To fill sufficiently; satisfy:
װ㣺
supply a need.
Ҫ
To make up for (a deficiency, for example); compensate for.
ȱֲȱݣ
To serve temporarily as a substitute in (a church, for example).
ݴڽУʱݴȱȣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To fill a position as a substitute.
ݴְ
n.ʣ
 sup.plies д sup.
The act of supplying.
Ӧ
Something that is or can be supplied.
ƷӦĶܹĶ
An amount available or sufficient for a given use; stock.
ĳһýɹ
Often supplies Materials or provisions stored and dispensed when needed.
  supplies Ҫʱзַʻ򴢱
Economics The amount of a commodity available for meeting a demand or for purchase at a given price.
ѧ ƷӦܹһ۸µƷӦ
A cleric serving as a substitute or temporary pastor.
ʦˣʱ߻ʦ
?
Middle English supplien [to help, complete, furnish with additional troops] 
йӢ supplien [öľɡװ] 
from Old French soupleer [to fill up] 
Դ ŷ soupleer [װ] 
from Latin suppl?e 
Դ  suppl?e 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
pl?e [to fill] * see  pel- 1
pl?e [װ] *μ pel- 1
?
supplier
n.ʣ

= =
support
sup.port
AHD:[s-p?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[s*6p%8t, -6p*&rt]
K.K.[s*6p%rt, -6port]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sup.port.ed,sup.port.ing,sup.ports 
To bear the weight of, especially from below.
֧ţָ֧
To hold in position so as to keep from falling, sinking, or slipping.
֧ţԷֹˤ³򻬵
To be capable of bearing; withstand.
ܣ֧ס
To keep from weakening or failing; strengthen.
ʹ̣ά֡ʹµǿ
To provide for or maintain, by supplying with money or necessities.
ͨṩʽƷά
To furnish corroborating evidence for.
֤ṩȷ֤
To aid the cause, policy, or interests of.
֧ҵ߻򡭵
To endure; tolerate.
ܣ
To act (a part or role).
ݣһɫ
To act in a secondary or subordinate role to (a leading performer).
桭ǣ棨һҪԱ
n.ʣ
The act of supporting.
֧
The state of being supported.
ֵ֧״̬
One that supports.
֧
Maintenance, as of a family, with the necessities of life.
ƣƷάһͥ
?
Middle English supporten 
йӢ supporten 
from Old French supporter 
Դ ŷ supporter 
from Latin support3e [to carry] 
Դ  support3e [] 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
support,uphold,back,advocate,champion
These verbs are compared as they mean to give aid or encouragement to a person or cause.
Щʱʾĳ˻ĳҵʱ
 Support   is the most general: 
 Support  ߸ԣ 
is being supported by friends in her effort to surmount the tragedy;
ѵİŬսʤһҵ£
the policy of Cromwell, who supported the growing power of France against the declining power of Spain  (William E.H. Lecky).Touphold  is to maintain or affirm in the face of a 
challenge or strong opposition:  
֧ǿķڰȥĿߡ EHUphold ָսǿҶԿʱ򶨺ͼᶨ  
The Declaration of Right upheld the principle of hereditary monarchy  (Edmund Burke).
ȨԼּ̳Ȩԭ ɡˣ
 Back   suggests material or moral support intended to contribute to or assure success: 
 Back  ʾΪȡóɹ֤ɹϻϵ֧֣ 
There is only one proved method of assisting the advancement of pure sciencethat of picking men of genius,backing them heavily,and leaving them to direct themselves  (James 
B. Conant).
ٽѧĽѵõ֤ķֻһǾѡ֮ʿǿ֧ǣԼԼ ղķ˹Bϣ
 Advocate   implies verbal support,often in the form of pleading or arguing: 
 Advocte  ָͷϵ֧֣ͨȡۻ۵ʽ 
Scientists advocate a reduction in saturated fats in the human diet. Tochampion  is to fight for one that is under attack or lacks the strength or ability to act in its own behalf:  
ѧᳫʳӦͱ֬ʳ Champion ָһܵȱԼˣ  
championed the governmentand defended the system of taxation  (Samuel Chew).See also Synonyms at  livelihood 
֧˰ƶȡ Ѷףμͬ livelihood

= =
suppose
sup.pose
AHD:[s-p?z] 
D.J.[s*6p*&z]
K.K.[s*6poz]
v.ʣ
sup.posed,sup.pos.ing,sup.pos.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To assume to be true or real for the sake of argument or explanation:
ٶΪۻ͵ĿĶٶΪȷʵģ
Suppose we win the lottery.
ٶӮ˲Ʊ
To believe, especially on uncertain or tentative grounds:
룺ָڲȷƲԸϵĲ룺
Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.
ѧǲͿܾ
To consider to be probable or likely:
ΪΪܻܿܣ
I suppose it will rain.
Ϊ
To imply as an antecedent condition; presuppose:
ٶԤϣԡΪȾ
Patience must suppose pain(Samuel Johnson)
ʹĵǰ(ѶԼѷ)
To consider as a suggestion:
ãҽ飺
Suppose we dine together.
һԷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To imagine; conjecture.
󣻲
?
Middle English supposen 
йӢ supposen 
from Old French supposer 
Դ ŷ supposer 
alteration  influenced by poser [to place] * see  pose 1
   poserӰ [] *μ pose1
of Medieval Latin supp?e 
  supp? 
from Latin [to put under] 
Դ  [ڡ] 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺ڡ¡] 
p?e [to place] * see  apo- 
p?e [] *μ apo- 

= =
suppress
sup.press
AHD:[s-prs] 
D.J.[s*6pres]
K.K.[s*6prWs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sup.pressed,sup.press.ing,sup.press.es 
To put an end to forcibly; subdue.
ѹƷ
To curtail or prohibit the activities of.
ƣٻֹĻ
To keep from being revealed, published, or circulated.
ֹУֹ
To deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or thoughts) from the mind.
⽫ɽܵԸ˼룩ȥ
To inhibit the expression of (an impulse, for example); check:
ƣƱ飨ڸ嶯ģƣ
suppress a smile.
סЦ
To reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a cough, for example); arrest.
ͣԣ谭סѪԣķʻس̶ȣ
?
Middle English suppressen 
йӢ suppressen 
from Latin supprimere  suppress- 
Դ  supprimere  suppress- 
sub- [sub-] 
sub- [ǰ׺] 
premere [to press] * see  per- 4
premere [ѹ] *μ per- 4
?
suppressant
n.ʣ
suppressible
adj.ݴʣ
?
suppress,stifle,repress
These verbs mean to hold in check something requiring or struggling to find an outlet.
ЩʱʾҪҵй;ĳ¡
 Suppress   suggests the exercise of force that drastically inhibits or crushes: 
 Suppress  ʾʹҵؽֹѹ 
There is the world of ideas and the world of practice;the French are often for suppressing the one and the English the other;but neither is to be suppressed  (Matthew Arnold).Tostifle 
 is to keep back something, such as an impulse or an emotion, as if by smothering it:  
һ˼һж磻ͨ޳ѹǰһ磬Ӣ޳ѹƺһ߶ᱻѹסġ ޡŵ£Stifle ǺϨ
סĳ嶯У  
This was a sinful curiosity,and I stifled it to the best of my ability  (John Galt).
ֺģҾ ԼǶأ
 Repress   often implies keeping something under control by an act of volition: 
 Repress  ͨʾ־ĳ£ 
To save his life he could not repress a chuckle  (Booth Tarkington).
Ϊ˾鲻ԽЦ ϣ˹٣

= =
supreme
su.preme
AHD:[s?-pr?m] 
D.J.[s&6pri8m]
K.K.[s&6prim]
adj.ݴʣ
su.prem.er,su.prem.est д supr.
Greatest in power, authority, or rank; paramount or dominant.
ϵģȨȨλߵģϵĻͳελ
Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement.
ҪģҪԡ̶ȡ塢ɾ
Ultimate; final:
ȵģռģģ
the supreme sacrifice.

?
Latin supr?s [superlative of] superus [upper] 
 supr?s  [] superus߼ [ϲ] 
from super [over] * see  uper 
Դ super [ڡ] *μ uper 
?
supremely
adv.ʣ
supremeness
n.ʣ

= =
sure
sure
AHD:[sh?r] 
D.J.[.&*]
K.K.[.&r]
adj.ݴʣ
sur.er,sur.est 
Impossible to doubt or dispute; certain.
ȷŵģаյģȷ
Not hesitating or wavering; firm:
ᶨģԥĻ򲻶ҡģᶨģ
sure convictions.
ᶨ
Confident, as of something awaited or expected:
ȷŵģĵģԵȴĻڴĳ£
sure of ultimate victory.
ջʤ
Bound to come about or happen; inevitable:
Ȼģɱģ
sure defeat.
ɱʧ
Having one's course directed; destined or bound:
һģעضģ
sure to succeed.
һɹ
Certain not to miss or err; steady:
ȵģģɿģ
a sure hand on the throttle.
ȵʧ
Worthy of being trusted or depended on; reliable.
ֵĻģ
Free from or marked by freedom from doubt:
޿ɵģ޿ɵĻصģ
sure of her friends.

Careful to do something:
Сĳ£
asked me to be sure to turn off the stove.
һغ¯
Obsolete Free from harm or danger; safe.
 Σյģȫ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Surely; certainly.
ɣȷʵ
?
for sureʽ
Certainly; unquestionably:
 ȷеأʵأ
We'll win for sure.
ǿ϶ʤ
make sure
To establish something without doubt; make certain:
Ūȷ
Make sure he writes it down.
һ
to be sure
Indeed; certainly.
ȷʵȻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [safe] 
Դ ŷ [ȫ] 
from Latin s??rus} * see  secure 
Դ  s??rus} *μ secure
?
sureness
n.ʣ
?
sure,certain,confident,positive
These adjectives are compared as they mean feeling or showing no doubt.
Щݴʵ˼ΪȷŵġûʵʱɽбȽϡ
 Sure   andcertain  are frequently used interchangeably; sure,  however, is the more subjective term, whereascertain  may imply belief based on experience or evidence:  
 Sure  certain ɻ Ȼsure ǸΪ۵ôʣ certain Աʾھ֤ݻϵ  
Never teach a child anything of which you are not yourself sure  (John Ruskin). 
ҪԼûаյĶ̸ӡ Լ³˹𣩡 
In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes  (Benjamin Franklin).
ϣ˰ûʲôȷġ ֣
 Confident   suggests assurance founded on faith or reliance in oneself or in others: 
 Confident  ʾڶԼ˵ϵģ 
The senator is confident of reelection.
Աȷ»ѡ
Positive   suggests full, emphatic certainty: 
Positive  ʾȫġԵȷţ 
The prosecutor had positive proof of the defendant's guilt. See also Synonyms at  certain 
֤ȷ֤ μͬ certain

= =
surely
sure.ly
AHD:[sh?rl?] 
D.J.[6.&*li8]
K.K.[6.&rli]
adv.ʣ
With confidence; unhesitatingly.
ɣĵأԥ
Undoubtedly; certainly:
һȷʵ
You surely can't be serious.
ȷʵ
Without fail:
ȷʵ
Slowly but surely spring returns.
ĽŲȻȷʵ

= =
surface
sur.face
AHD:[s?rfs] 
D.J.[6sT8f*s]
K.K.[6sPf*s]
n.Abbr. sur.ʣд sur.
The outer or the topmost boundary of an object.
棺ϱ߽
A material layer constituting such a boundary.
㣺߽ʲ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The boundary of a three-dimensional figure.
棺άͼεı߽
The two-dimensional locus of points located in three-dimensional space.
㼯ϣλάռеĶάĹ켣
A portion of space having length and breadth but no thickness.
ƽ棺гȼȵûкȵһֿռ
The superficial or external aspect:
ۣ
a flamboyant, powerful confidence man who lives entirely on the surface of experience(Frank Conroy)
ȫھһ䡢Ȩŵˡ(ˡ)
An airfoil.

adj.ݴʣ
Relating to, on, or at a surface:
ģйصģڱϵĻڱģ
surface algae in the water.
λںˮĺ
Superficial.
ϵ
Apparent as opposed to real.
Բʵ
v.ʣ
sur.faced,sur.fac.ing,sur.fac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form the surface of:
γɡı棺
We used asphalt to surface over the driveway.
ʹ··
To apply a surface to:
ڡϼ㣺
surface a road.
·
To provide with a surface.
ṩһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise to the surface.
棨ˮȣ
To emerge after concealment.
غ
To work or dig a mine at or near the surface of the ground.
ڵ湤ڵϣ洦򿪿
?
on the surface
To all intents and purposes; to all outward appearances:
ΪͼĿģϣ
a soldier who, on the surface, appeared brave and patriotic.
Ϻ¸ҺͰһʿ
?
French 
 
sur- [above]  from Old French * see  sur- 
sur- [ڡ]  Դ ŷ *μ sur-
face [face]  from Old French * see  face 
face []  Դ ŷ *μ face

= =
surge
surge
AHD:[s?rj] 
D.J.[sT8d9]
K.K.[sPd9]
v.ʣ
surged,surg.ing,surg.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in a billowing or swelling manner in or as if in waves.See Synonyms at rise 
ӿڲеǰжμ rise
To roll or be tossed about on waves, as a boat.
Сһڲеҡ
To move like advancing waves:
ͳ壬ӿһӿǰ
The fans surged forward to see the movie star.
Ӱӿس屼ȥǸӰ
To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage.
ͻȻӡڵѹ
Nautical To slip around a windlass. Used of a rope.
 ͻȻɿŽ̻¡ָ
v.tr.Nautical ﶯʣ 
To loosen or slacken (a cable) gradually.
ţ
n.ʣ
A heavy, billowing, or swelling motion like that of great waves.
ӿصļҶ
Wave motion with low height and a shorter period than a swell.
Σ͵Ĳжʱھ
A coastal rise in water level caused by wind.
ˮλڷ紵ʹغˮλ
A sudden onrush:
ͻȻٵļ
a surge of joy.
ϲ콵
A sudden, transient increase or oscillation in electric current or voltage.
͵ѹͻȻݵ߻ҡ
An instability in the power output of an engine.
񵴣һܻĲȶ
Astronomy A brief, violent disturbance occurring during the eruption of a solar flare.
ѧ ̫ȷʱĶݼҵĲ
Nautical 
 
The part of a windlass into which the cable surges.
׶βоĲ
A temporary release or slackening of a cable.
ѣʱ⿪
?
Probably French sourdre  sourge-  from Old French 
Ϊ  sourdre  sourge-  Դ ŷ 
and French surgir [to rise]  from Old French [to cast anchor]  from Old Catalan 
  surgir []  Դ ŷ [ê]  Դ ż̩ 
both from Latin surgere [to rise] 
Դ  surgere [] 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
regere [to lead straight] * see  reg- 
regere [ǰ] *μ reg- 

= =
surgeon
sur.geon
AHD:[s?rjn] 
D.J.[6sT8d9*n]
K.K.[6sPd9*n]
n.Abbr. surg.ʣд surg.
A physician specializing in surgery.
ҽʦרŴƵҽ
?
Middle English surgien 
йӢ surgien 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
short for Old French cirurgien 
 ŷ cirurgienļд 
from cirurgie [surgery] * see  surgery 
Դ cirurgie [] *μ surgery

= =
surgery
sur.ger.y
AHD:[s?rj-r?] 
D.J.[6sT8d9*ri8]
K.K.[6sPd9*ri]
n.ʣ
 sur.ger.ies д surg.
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of injury, deformity, and disease by manual and instrumental means.
ѧֻеϺˡλ򼲲һҽѧ
A surgical operation or procedure, especially one involving the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue.
̣رָΡ滻ٻ֯
An operating room or a laboratory of a surgeon or of a hospital's surgical staff.
ңҽҽԺƴǵĿһʵ
The skill or work of a surgeon.
ҽջ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A physician's, dentist's, or veterinarian's office.

The period during which a physician, dentist, or veterinarian consults with or treats patients in the office.
ʱ䣺ҽҽҽڰ칫ϻƲߵһʱ
?
Middle English surgerie 
йӢ surgerie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
short for cirurgerie 
 cirurgerieļд 
from cirurgie 
Դ cirurgie 
from Latin cho?rgia} 
Դ  cho?rgia} 
from Greek kheirourgia 
Դ ϣ kheirourgia 
from kheirourgos [working by hand] 
Դ kheirourgos [ֹ] 
kheir [hand] * see  ghesor- 
kheir [] *μ ghesor- 
ergon [work] * see  werg- 
ergon [] *μ werg- 

= =
surname
sur.name
AHD:[s?rn3m] 
D.J.[6sT87ne!m]
K.K.[6sP7nem]
n.ʣ
A name shared in common to identify the members of a family, as distinguished from each member's given name.Also called  family name 
գһͥгԱе֣бڸԱҲ  family name
A nickname or an epithet added to a person's name.
ºţĳĴºŻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sur.named,sur.nam.ing,sur.names 
To give a surname to.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
partial translation of Old French surnom 
 ŷ surnomĲַ 
sur- [sur-] 
sur- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
nom [name] 
nom [] 

= =
surpass
sur.pass
AHD:[sr-p2s] 
D.J.[s*6p#s]
K.K.[s+6p#s]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sur.passed,sur.pass.ing,sur.pass.es 
To be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend:
ԽȨޡȨԽ
misery that surpasses comprehension.
ʹ೬Խ
To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed.See Synonyms at excel 
ʤڳ̶ϻʤ򳬹ʤμ excel
?
French surpasser 
 surpasser 
from Old French [to transgress] 
Դ ŷ [Խ] 
sur- [sur-] 
sur- [ǰ׺ϡ] 
passer [pass] * see  pass 
passer [߹] *μ pass

= =
surplus
sur.plus
AHD:[s?rpls, -pl?s] 
D.J.[6sT8pl*s, -7plJs]
K.K.[6sPpl*s, -7plJs]
adj.Abbr. s.,sur.ݴʣд s.,sur.
Being more than or in excess of what is needed or required:
ʣģҪĻĸģ
surplus grain.See Synonyms at superfluous 
ʣĹμ superfluous
n.ʣ
An amount or a quantity in excess of what is needed.
ʣҪܶ
Accounting 
ѧ 
Total assets minus the sum of all liabilities.
𣺿۳ծʲ
Excess of a corporation's net assets over the face value of its capital stock.
ʲһҹ˾ʲù˾ƱֵĲ
Excess of receipts over expenditures.
ӯࣺ۳֧ӯ
?
Middle English [an excess, surplus] 
йӢ [ӯ] 
from Old French [an excess] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Medieval Latin superpl?s 
Դ  superpl?s 
Latin super- [super-] 
 super- [ǰ׺] 
Latin pl?s [more] * see  pel- 1
 pl?s [] *μ pel- 1

= =
surprise
surprise Ҳ sur.prize
AHD:[sr-proz] 
D.J.[s*6pra!z]
K.K.[s+6pra!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sur.prised Ҳ sur.prized sur.pris.ing sur.priz.ing sur.pris.es sur.priz.es  
To encounter suddenly or unexpectedly; take or catch unawares.
ȣͻȻϵԣ䲻ץס
To attack or capture suddenly and without warning.
ͻûо桢ͻȻϮץס
To cause to feel wonder, astonishment, or amazement, as at something unanticipated.
ʹеȣʹеԺԤϵĺ桢Ȼ
To cause (someone) to do or say something unintended.
˵ʹĳˣ˵Ǳ
To elicit or detect through surprise.
ȵط֣Ųõ
n.ʣ
The act of surprising or the condition of being surprised.
ȣ棺ʹȵΪȵ״̬
Something, such as an unexpected encounter, event, or gift, that surprises.
ʹȵһϵĻ桢¼ʹ˾ȵ
?
Middle English surprisen [to overcome] 
йӢ surprisen [˷] 
from Old French surprise [feminine past participle of] surprendre [to surprise] 
Դ ŷ surprise  [] surprendreԹȥִ [ʹ] 
sur- [sur-] 
sur- [] 
prendre [to take]  from Latin prehendere, prendere [to seize] * see  ghend- 
prendre []  Դ  prehendere, prendere [ץס] *μ ghend- 
?
surpriser
n.ʣ
surprising
adj.ݴʣ
surprisingly
adv.ʣ
?
surprise,astonish,amaze,astound,dumbfound,flabbergast
These verbs mean to affect a person strongly as being unexpected or unusual.Tosurprise  is to fill with often sudden wonder or disbelief as being unanticipated or out of the ordinary:  
Щ˼䲻ѰǿҵӰһˡSurprise ָϻͬѰʹͻȻͲţ  
Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity   (George S. Patton).
ԶҪ ȥ¡ ȥʲô ǵǶıȡ  SͶ٣
 Astonish   suggests overwhelming surprise: 
 Astonish  ʾԵľȣ 
The sight of such an enormous crowd astonished us.
ӴȺҾ֡
Amaze   implies astonishment and often bewilderment: 
Amaze  ʾȾԼ 
The violinist's virtuosity has amazed audiences all over the world.
СټҵľտʹȫĹھﲻѡ
Astound   connotes shock, as from something unprecedented in one's experience: 
Astound  ָδ𾪣 
We were astounded at the high cost of traveling in Japan.
ձη𾪡
Dumbfound   adds toastound  the suggestion of perplexity and often wordlessness:  
Dumbfound  astound ˼⣬ʾ޻˵  
His denial that he had witnessed the accident dumbfounded me.
Ŀһ¹ʵķҾˡ
Flabbergast   is used as a more colorful equivalent ofastound, astonish,  or amaze :  
Flabbergast  asfound, astonish  amaze ͬɫʣ  
The aldermen . . . were . . . flabbergasted;they were speechless from bewilderment  (Benjamin Disraeli).
߼ĿɿڴΪԻƿԡ ˹

= =
surrender
sur.ren.der
AHD:[s-rndr] 
D.J.[s*6rend*]
K.K.[s*6rWnd+]
v.ʣ
sur.ren.dered,sur.ren.der.ing,sur.ren.ders 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To relinquish possession or control of to another because of demand or compulsion.
ͶΪҪǿȶѶԡȨͿȨ
To give up in favor of another.
룺Ϊ˵
To give up or give back (something that has been granted):
˻ѾĶ
surrender a contractual right.
ԼϹ涨һȨ
To give up or abandon:

surrender all hope.
ϣ
To give over or resign (oneself) to something, as to an emotion:
ڣݻΣԼĳ£飺
surrendered himself to grief.
ڱ
Law To restore (an estate, for example), especially to give up (a lease) before expiration of the term.
ɡ 黹黹زȨָδ֮ǰޣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give oneself up, as to an enemy.
Ͷ
n.Abbr. surr.ʣд surr.
The act or an instance of surrendering.
ͶͶΪ
Law 
ɡ 
The delivery of a prisoner, fugitive from justice, or other principal in a suit into legal custody.
ɣﷸӷһе׷˾еϷ໤ת
The act of surrendering or of being surrendered to bail.
ﷸ򱻽ߵΪ
Restoration of an estate.
黹ز
?
Middle English surrenderen 
йӢ surrenderen 
from Old French surrendre 
Դ ŷ surrendre 
sur- [sur-] 
sur- [] 
rendre [to deliver] * see  render 
rendre [ͽƽ] *μ render
?
surrender,submission,capitulation
These nouns denote the act of giving up one's person, one's possessions, or people under one's command to the authority, power, or control of another.
ЩָĳƲ쵼֮µƽ˵ȨȨȨ֮¡
 Surrender   is the most general: 
 Surrender  ձģ 
No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted  (Ulysses S. Grant).
ȥͶһ޷ܡ ˹Sأ
 Submission   stresses the subordination of the side that has yielded: 
 Submission  ǿѾͶһĵͼԣ 
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance, or the most abject submission  (George Washington).
ǲпĵǵѡֻ¸ҵĵֿūձϥͶ Ρʢ٣
 Capitulation   implies surrender under specific prearranged conditions: 
 Capitulation  ָضԤȰźõµͶ 
Lack of food and ammunition forced the commander of the rebels to consider a capitulation. See also Synonyms at  relinquish 
ʳ͵ҩȱʹ俼Ͷ μͬ relinquish

= =
surround
sur.round
AHD:[s-round] 
D.J.[s*6ra&nd]
K.K.[s*6ra&nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sur.round.ed,sur.round.ing,sur.rounds 
To extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle.
ΧƣͬʱչÿһߣΧ
To enclose or confine on all sides so as to bar escape or outside communication.
ΧȦΧסرÿһֹܻⲿͨ
n.ʣ
Something, such as fencing or a border, that surrounds:
Եդ߿һΧƵĶ
a fireplace surround.
¯Ե
The area around a thing or place:
ܣһطΧ
inflammation extending to the surround of the eye.
쵽۾ı
Surroundings; environment:
Χ
It was the country, the flat agricultural surround, that so ravished me(Listener)
䡢ƽ̹ũ()
A method of hunting wild animals by surrounding them and driving them to a place from which they cannot escape.
ΧԣһȡҰ޵ķΧסǲǸϵһ޷ĵط
?
Middle English surrounden [to inundate] 
йӢ surrounden [û] 
from Old French suronder 
Դ ŷ suronder 
from Late Latin superund3e 
Դ  superund3e 
Latin super- [super-] 
 super- [] 
Latin und3e [to rise in waves]  from unda [wave] * see  wed- 1
 und3e []  Դ unda [] *μ wed- 1
?
surround,circle,compass,encircle,encompass,environ,gird,girdle,ring
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to lie around and bound on all sides: 
Щʹеǡ첢ÿߡ 
a city surrounded by suburbs;
ΧŵĳУ
a crown circling a king's head;
ƹͷĻʹڣ
a mountain peak compassed by fog;
Ƶɽ壻
a belt encircling her waist;
ΧƤ
a lake that encompasses an island;
Сĺ
oases environed by the desert;
ɳĮΧŵޣ
a castle girded by a moat;
ǺΧƵĳǱ
gardens girdling a bird bath;
ΧĻ԰
a dinner table ringed with guests. 
Χſ˵Ĳ 

= =
surroundings
sur.round.ings
AHD:[s-round1ngz] 
D.J.[s*6ra&nd!0z]
K.K.[s*6ra&nd!0z]
pl.n.ʣ
The external circumstances, conditions, and objects that affect existence and development; the environment.
ΧΧΧӰںͷչ

= =
survey
sur.vey
AHD:[sr-v3, s?rv3] 
D.J.[s*6ve!, 6sT87ve!]
K.K.[s+6ve, 6sP7ve]
v.ʣ
sur.veyed,sur.vey.ing,sur.veys 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To examine or look at in a comprehensive way.
ӹ㷺ķ쿴
To inspect carefully; scrutinize:
ϸӣ飺
Two women were surveying the other people on the platform(Thomas Wolfe)See Synonyms at see 1
Ų̊ϵˡ(˹ֶ)μ see1
To determine the boundaries, area, or elevations of (land or structures on the earth's surface) by means of measuring angles and distances, using the techniques of geometry and 
trigonometry.
üκѧͨǶȺ;ػṹģ߽硢߶
Chiefly British To inspect and determine the structural condition of (a building).
Ӣ 飺첢Ľṹ״
To conduct a statistical survey on.
ԡݵ
To range one's gaze leisurely over.
ػ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a survey.

n.ʣ
 sur.veys[s?rv3]  
A detailed inspection or investigation.
ϸĿ
A general or comprehensive view.
ԵĻ㷺Ĺ۵
The process of surveying.

A report on or map of what has been surveyed.
⿱¼ͼ
?
Middle English surveien 
йӢ surveien 
from Old French surveeir 
Դ ŷ surveeir 
from Medieval Latin supervid?e 
Դ  supervid?e 
Latin super- [super-] 
 super- [ʾϣȡǰ׺] 
Latin vid?e [to look] * see  weid- 
 vid?e [] *μ weid- 
?
surveyor
n.ʣ

= =
survival
sur.viv.al
AHD:[sr-vovl] 
D.J.[s*6va!v*l]
K.K.[s+6va!v*l]
n.ʣ
The act or process of surviving.
棺Ϊ
The fact of having survived.
ʵ
Something, such as an ancient custom or belief, that has survived.
дѲдϵķ׻
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
survival techniques; survival equipment.
豸

= =
survive
sur.vive
AHD:[sr-vov] 
D.J.[s*6va!v]
K.K.[s+6va!v]
v.ʣ
sur.vived,sur.viv.ing,sur.vives 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remain alive or in existence.
ţ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To live longer than; outlive:
ȡó
She survived her husband by five years.
ɷ
To live or persist through:
лͦ
plants that can survive frosts.See Synonyms at outlive 
˪ֲμ outlive
?
Middle English surviven 
йӢ surviven 
from Old French sourvivre 
Դ ŷ sourvivre 
from Latin supervoe 
Դ  supervoe 
super- [super-] 
super- [ϣ] 
voe [to live] * see  g wei- 
voe [] *μ g wei- 
?
survivor
n.ʣ

= =
susceptible
sus.cep.ti.ble
AHD:[s-spt-bl] 
D.J.[s*6sept*b*l]
K.K.[s*6sWpt*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Easily influenced or affected:
Ӱģ
She suddenly was too susceptible to her past(Jimmy Breslin)
ͻȻĹȥӰܴ(ס˹)
Likely to be affected with:
ܸȾģ
susceptible to colds.
׻ð
Especially sensitive; highly impressionable.
ƸеģеģǳܸȾ
Capable of accepting or permitting:
Խܻģ
susceptible of proof.
֤ܱܵ
?
Late Latin susceptibilis 
 susceptibilis 
from Latin susceptus [past participle of] suscipere [to receive] 
Դ  susceptus  [] suscipereĹȥִ [] 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
capere [to take] * see  kap- 
capere [] *μ kap- 
?
susceptibleness
n.ʣ
susceptibly
adv.ʣ

= =
suspect
sus.pect
AHD:[s-spkt] 
D.J.[s*6spekt]
K.K.[s*6spWkt]
v.ʣ
sus.pect.ed,sus.pect.ing,sus.pects 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To surmise to be true or probable; imagine:
룬󣺲ΪĻܵģ
I suspect they are very disappointed.
ҲǺʧ
To have doubts about; distrust:
ɣΣ
I suspect his motives.
һĶ
To think (a person) guilty without proof:
ɣз֮ɣ֤ʱΪĳˣ
The police suspect her of murder.
컳ıɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have suspicion.

n.ʣ
AHD:[s?spkt] 
One who is suspected, especially of having committed a crime.
ɷɵˣָΪе
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[s?spkt, s-spkt] 
Open to or viewed with suspicion:
ɵģܵɵģ
a suspect policy; suspect motives.
ɵľ죻˻ɵĶ
?
Middle English suspecten 
йӢ suspecten 
from Old French suspecter 
Դ ŷ suspecter 
from Latin suspect3e [frequentative of] suspicere [to look up at, suspect] 
Դ  suspect3e  [] suspicereظ [Ͽ] 
su-, sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
su-, sub- [] *μ sub-
specere [to look at] * see  spek- 
specere [] *μ spek- 

= =
suspend
sus.pend
AHD:[s-spnd] 
D.J.[s*6spend]
K.K.[s*6spWnd]
v.ʣ
sus.pend.ed,sus.pend.ing,sus.pends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position, usually as a punishment:
ʱᡭȨΪͷһʱȡȨְְλ
suspend a student from school.
һѧѧ
To cause to stop for a period; interrupt:
һʱڣжϣ
suspended the trial.
ͣ
To hold in abeyance; defer:
ֹݻ
suspend judgment.See Synonyms at defer 1
ݻоμ defer1
To render temporarily ineffective:
ʹʱЧ
suspend a jail sentence; suspend all parking regulations.
̣ݻִͣ
To hang so as to allow free movement:
ңʹɻ
suspended the mobile from the ceiling.
ѻܴݶϹ
To support or keep from falling without apparent attachment, as by buoyancy:
ûеֹֻ֧£ͨ
suspend oneself in the water.
ˮ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease for a period; delay.
ֹͣһʱڣݻ
To fail to make payments or meet obligations.
ûܳ
?
Middle English suspenden 
йӢ suspenden 
from Old French suspendre 
Դ ŷ suspendre 
from Latin suspendere 
Դ  suspendere 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [] *μ sub-
pendere [to hang] * see  (s)pen- 
pendere [] *μ (s)pen- 

= =
suspension
sus.pen.sion
AHD:[s-spnshn] 
D.J.[s*6spen.*n]
K.K.[s*6spWn.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of suspending or the condition of being suspended, especially:
ͣͣΪͣ״ָ̬
A temporary abrogation or deferment.
ʱϳӻ
A debarment, as from office or privilege.
ʱ᣺ȡְȨ
A postponement of judgment, opinion, or decision.See Synonyms at pause 
ӻжϡμ pause
Music 
֡ 
The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into a following chord to create a temporary dissonance.
һڵһ򼸸ӳһʱĲг
The tone so prolonged.

A device from which a mechanical part is suspended.
ãҹһеװ
The system of springs and other devices that insulates the chassis of a vehicle from shocks transmitted through the wheels.
ܣɺװùɺϵͳʹһͨߵĵܴӵ
Chemistry A relatively coarse, noncolloidal dispersion of solid particles in a liquid.
ѧ ҺҺбȽϴֲڡǽʵķɢ

= =
suspicion
sus.pi.cion
AHD:[s-sp1shn] 
D.J.[s*6sp!.*n]
K.K.[s*6sp!.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof.
ɣĳµΪָںٻû֤ʱػ
The condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing.
ָ֮ɵָ
A state of uncertainty; doubt.See Synonyms at uncertainty 
ȷ״̬ɲμ uncertainty
A minute amount; trace.
ۼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sus.pi.cioned,sus.pi.cion.ing,sus.pi.cions Ǳ׼ 
To suspect.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration  influenced by Old French suspicion  from Latin suspo?}  suspoci?n-  from suspicere [to watch] 
   ŷ suspicionӰ  Դ  suspo?}  suspoci?n-  Դ suspicere [쿴] 
of suspecioun 
 suspeciounı仯 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
variant of Old French sospe?on 
 ŷ sospe?onı 
from Latin suspecti?}  suspecti?n- 
Դ  suspecti?}  suspecti?n- 
from suspectus [past participle of] suspicere [to watch] * see  suspect 
Դ suspectus  [] suspicereĹȥִ [쿴] *μ suspect
?
suspicional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
suspicious
sus.pi.cious
AHD:[s-sp1shs] 
D.J.[s*6sp!.*s]
K.K.[s*6sp!.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing or apt to arouse suspicion; questionable:
ɵģɵģģ
suspicious behavior.
Ϊ
Tending to suspect; distrustful:
ɵģεģ
a suspicious nature.
ɵԸ
Expressing suspicion:
ʾɵģ
a suspicious look.
ʾɵ۹
?
suspiciously
adv.ʣ
suspiciousness
n.ʣ

= =
sustain
sus.tain
AHD:[s-st3n] 
D.J.[s*6ste!n]
K.K.[s*6sten]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sus.tained,sus.tain.ing,sus.tains 
To keep in existence; maintain.
棻ά
To supply with necessities or nourishment; provide for.
ṩƷӪṩ
To support from below; keep from falling or sinking; prop.
֧ţ±ֹ֧֣ˤ»³֧
To support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage.
֧֣裺֧šľģ
To bear up under; withstand:
ܣֿ
can't sustain the blistering heat.
޷ܿ
To experience or suffer:
ܣ
sustained a fatal injury.See Synonyms at experience 
˺μ experience
To affirm the validity of:
ȷϿɣȷϡЧԣ
The judge has sustained the prosecutor's objection.
ȷԭ淴ΪЧ
To prove or corroborate; confirm.
֤ȷ֤֤ʵ
To keep up (a joke or an assumed role, for example) competently.
ʤΣְά֣һЦɫ
?
Middle English sustenen 
йӢ sustenen 
from Old French sustenir 
Դ ŷ sustenir 
from Latin sustin?e 
Դ  sustin?e 
sub- [from below] * see  sub- 
sub- [±] *μ sub-
ten?e [to hold] * see  ten- 
ten?e [֧] *μ ten- 
?
sustainability
n.ʣ
sustainable
adj.ݴʣ
sustainer
n.ʣ
sustainment
n.ʣ

= =
swallow
swallow 1
AHD:[sw?l?] 
D.J.[6swKl*&]
K.K.[6sw$lo]
v.ʣ
swal.lowed,swal.low.ing,swal.lows 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause (food or drink, for example) to pass through the mouth and throat into the stomach.
ʣʹʳϣͨʺθ
To put up with (something unpleasant):
ܣ£
swallowed the insults and kept on working.

To refrain from expressing; suppress:
ѹ֣ƣ
swallow one's feelings.
ѹ
To consume or destroy as if by ingestion; devour:
ɣʳһľû
a building that was swallowed up by fire.
ûĽ
Slang To believe without question:
ٵ ţʵؽܣ
swallowed the alibi.
д
To take back; retract:
أջأ
swallow one's words.
ջǰ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform the act of swallowing.
ʣʵΪ
n.ʣ
The act of swallowing.
ʣʵΪ
An amount swallowed.
һ
Nautical The channel through which a rope runs in a block or a mooring chock.
 ͨףͣ뻬ֻϵ¹İ
?
Middle English swalowen 
йӢ swalowen 
from Old English swelgan * see  swel- 
Դ Ӣ swelgan *μ swel- 
?
swallower
n.ʣ
?
swallow
swallow 2
AHD:[sw?l?] 
D.J.[6swKl*&]
K.K.[6sw$lo]
n.ʣ
Any of various small, graceful, swift-flying passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae, having long, pointed wings, a usually notched or forked tail, and a large mouth for catching flying 
insects and noted for their regular migrations in large numbers, often over long distances.
ӣСҷп켲ȸС񣬾гĳͨΪVλβͺץɳĴ죬ǳĹԼǨ
Any of various similar birds, such as a swift.
Ƶ
?
Middle English swalowe 
йӢ swalowe 
from Old English swealwe 
Դ Ӣ swealwe 

= =
swamp
swamp
AHD:[sw?mp, sw?mp] 
D.J.[swKmp, sw%8mp]
K.K.[sw$mp, sw%mp]
n.ʣ
A seasonally flooded bottomland with more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog.
أ漾ûĵ͵أбʪضľֲˮҪ
A lowland region saturated with water.
ʪ͵أˮĵݵ
A situation or place fraught with difficulties and imponderables:
ѺԹ֮¼ط
a corporate swamp; a financial swamp.
ͬ
v.ʣ
swamped,swamp.ing,swamps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drench in or cover with or as if with water.
ûˮƺˮʪ򸲸
To inundate or burden; overwhelm:
ʹӦӲϾʹʹأѹ
She was swamped with work.
æòɿ
Nautical To fill (a ship or boat) with water to the point of sinking it.
 ʹûСͧˮֱ³
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become full of water or sink.
ûûʹˮ³
?
Perhaps of Low German origin 
Ϊ ͵صԴ 
?
swampiness
n.ʣ
swampy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
swan
swan 2
AHD:[sw?n] 
D.J.[swKn]
K.K.[sw$n]
v.intr.Chiefly Southern U.S. ﶯʣϲ 
To declare; swear. Used in the phraseI swan  as an interjection. 
ģġΪ̾ڴI swan  
?
Probably alteration of dialectal (I) s' warrant  [(I) shall warrant] 
Probably alteration of dialectal (I) s' warrant  [(I) shall warrant] 
?
swan
swan
AHD:[sw?n] 
D.J.[swKn]
K.K.[sw$n]
n.ʣ
Any of various large aquatic birds of the family Anatidae chiefly of the generaCygnus  and Olor,  having webbed feet, a long slender neck, and usually white plumage. 
죺ѼƵĸִˮݣҪ   㡢ϸĲӺͨΪɫë 
Swan See  Cygnus 
 Swan μ  Cygnus
v.intr.ﶯʣ
swanned,swan.ning,swans Ӣ 
To travel around from place to place:
ĴΣһطһطΣ
Swanning around Europe nowadays, are we?(Jeffrey Archer)
ŷޣ?(ܸж)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  swen- 
Դ Ӣ *μ swen- 

= =
swarm
swarm 1
AHD:[sw?rm] 
D.J.[sw%8m]
K.K.[sw%rm]
n.ʣ
A large number of insects or other small organisms, especially when in motion.
һȺָнеһȺϸС
A group of bees with a queen bee in migration to establish a new colony.See Synonyms at flock 1
ȺɷǨƵ𴦽һ¾ݵһȺ۷μ flock1
An aggregation of persons or animals, especially when in turmoil or moving in mass:
һȺָɧлȺһֵ˻
A swarm of friends congratulated him.
Ƿӿף
v.ʣ
swarmed,swarm.ing,swarms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or emerge in a swarm.
Ⱥƶ
To leave a hive as a swarm. Used of bees.
Ⱥ䳲۷
To move or gather in large numbers.
ƼӿȺȺ
To be overrun; teem:
ģ
a riverbank swarming with insects.See Synonyms at teem 1
淺ĵĺӰμ teem1
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fill with a crowd:

sailors swarming the ship's deck.
ˮֻּװ
?
Middle English [group of bees] 
йӢ [Ⱥ] 
from Old English swearm 
Դ Ӣ swearm 
?
swarmer
n.ʣ
?
swarm
swarm 2
AHD:[sw?rm] 
D.J.[sw%8m]
K.K.[sw%rm]
v.ʣ
swarmed,swarm.ing,swarms 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To climb by gripping with the arms and legs.
ֱۻץ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To climb (something) in this manner.
ϣĳ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
sway
sway
AHD:[sw3] 
D.J.[swe!]
K.K.[swe]
v.ʣ
swayed,sway.ing,sways 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To swing back and forth or to and fro.See Synonyms at swing 
ҡڣǰذڶμ swing
To incline or bend to one side; veer:
ᣬбһࣻת
She swayed and put out a hand to steady herself.
һһֻסԼ
To incline toward change, as in opinion or feeling.
ı䣺۵ڱ仯
To fluctuate, as in outlook.
۵㶯ҡ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to swing back and forth or to and fro.
ʹǰҡ
To cause to incline or bend to one side.
ʹбʹһ
Nautical To hoist (a mast or yard) into position.
 ΦˣѣΦ˻ˣĳһλ
To divert; deflect.
ʹתƣʹƫб
To exert influence on or control over:
ӰƣʩӰڻƣ
His speech swayed the voters.
ĽӰѡ
Archaic 
 
To rule or govern.
֧ͳ
To wield, as a weapon or scepter.
裨Ȩȣ
n.ʣ
The act of moving from side to side with a swinging motion.
ҡڣҡŴһһƶĶ
Power; influence.
ȨӰ
Dominion or control.
ͳλ
?
Middle English sweien 
йӢ sweien 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
swayer
n.ʣ
swayingly
adv.ʣ

= =
swear
swear
AHD:[swar] 
D.J.[swe*]
K.K.[swWr]
v.ʣ
swore[sw?r, sw?r] sworn[sw?rn, sw?rn] swear.ing,swears 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a solemn declaration, invoking a deity or a sacred person or thing, in confirmation of and witness to the honesty or truth of such a declaration.
ģׯϵԻ顢ʥ˻֤֤ʵĳʵʵ
To make a solemn promise; vow.
ģŵ
To use profane oaths; curse.
֮
Law To give evidence or testimony under oath.
ɡ ĺ֤Ա֤ṩ֤ݻ֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To declare or affirm solemnly by invoking a deity or a sacred person or thing.
ģͨʥ˻֤ʵ
To promise or pledge with a solemn oath; vow:
ģŵ֤ģ
He swore his oath of allegiance to the queen.See Synonyms at promise 
Чμ promise
To utter or bind oneself to (an oath).
ԼԻԼԼ
Law To administer a legal oath to:
ɡ ʹзͥģ
All the witnesses have been sworn.
е֤˶˷ͥ
To say or affirm earnestly and with great conviction.
ԣŷ˵֤ʵ
?
swear at
To use abusive, violent, or blasphemous language against; curse.
䣺԰ࡢһµ
swear by
To have great reliance on or confidence in:
ǳ
He swears by his personal physician.
˽ҽ
To have reliable knowledge of; be sure of:
ԡˣȷ
I think she said she was going to the library, but I couldn't swear by it.
˵ҪȥͼݣҲ϶
To take an oath by:
ԡģ
He swore by all the angels and saints of heaven.
еʹʥ˵
swear in
To administer a legal or official oath to:
ʹɻְģ
swear in a mayor.
ʹгľְ
swear off ʽ
To pledge to renounce or give up:
֤
She has sworn off cigarettes.
ѱ֤
swear out ɡ
To swear out (a warrant for arrest) by making a charge under oath.
ı֤ʵã
?
Middle English sweren 
йӢ sweren 
from Old English swerian * see  swer- 
Դ Ӣ swerian *μ swer- 
?
swearer
n.ʣ

= =
sweat
sweat
AHD:[swt] 
D.J.[swet]
K.K.[swWt]
v.ʣ
sweat.ed  sweat sweat.ing,sweats 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin; perspire.
Ƥëй֭Һ
To exude in droplets, as moisture from certain cheeses or sap from a tree.
ҺĳЩҵˮһɵ
To condense atmospheric moisture.
ˮ
To release moisture, as hay in the swath.
ͷˮеĸɲһͷˮ
To ferment, as tobacco during curing.
ͣѬҶ㷢
Informal 
ʽ 
To work long and hard.
๤ʱڹ
To suffer much, as for a misdeed.
ࣺܿΪͷ
Informal To fret or worry.
ʽ գ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To excrete (moisture) through a porous surface, such as the skin.
ðԴ׵ıйˮݣƤ
To gather and condense (moisture) on a surface.
ðˮڱ۽Ტᣨˮݣ
To cause to perspire, as by drugs, heat, or strenuous exercise.
򡭶ͨҩصϰʹ
To make damp or wet with perspiration.
ʪúŪŪʪ
To cause to work excessively; overwork.
ʹȹ
To overwork and underpay (employees).
եȡʹܹߣȹ֧
Slang 
ٵ 
To interrogate (someone) under duress:
ʣǿȵֶʣ
The secret police sweated the suspected spy for hours.
ܾǿɵļüͷ
To extract (information) from someone under duress:
Ѷǿĳ˵Ϣ
The police sweated the information out of the suspect.
ɷṩ
Metallurgy To join (metal parts) by interposing cold solder and then heating.
ұѧ ᣺Ȼӣ
To steam (vegetables or other food).
߲˻ʳ
n.ʣ
The colorless saline moisture excreted by the sweat glands; perspiration.
ˮͨųɫˮݣҺ
Condensation of moisture in the form of droplets on a surface.
ʪˮ
The process of sweating.
Ĺ
Slang The condition of being sweated.
ٵ ״̬
Strenuous, exhaustive labor; drudgery.
ءͶ๤
A run given to a horse as exercise before a race.
ǰ
Informal An anxious, fretful condition.
ʽ ģ
sweats Informal A sweat suit.
 sweats ʽ ˶װ
?
sweat out ٵ
To endure anxiously:
ܣ
sweat out an examination.
ܿ
To await (something) anxiously:
صȴĳ
sweat out one's final grades.
صȴķ
?
no sweatٵ
Easily done or handled.
ɻ
sweat bloodʽ
To work diligently or strenuously.
ڷܶع
To worry intensly.
佹
sweat bulletsٵ
To sweat profusely.

sweat of (one's) brow
Hard work:
ڹ
keep what they produced by the sweat of their brow(Mario Puzo)
ͨڵĹסǵá(¡)
?
Middle English sweten 
йӢ sweten 
from Old English sw?n * see  sweid- 
Դ Ӣ sw?n *μ sweid- 

= =
sweater
sweat.er
AHD:[swtr] 
D.J.[6swet*]
K.K.[6swWt+]
n.ʣ
One that sweats, especially profusely.

A jacket or pullover made especially of knit, crocheted, or woven wool, cotton, or synthetic yarn.
֯û֯ë޻֯ɻ򹳳ɵļп˻ͷ
Something, especially a sudorific, that induces sweating.
ʹĶָҩ

= =
sweep
sweep
AHD:[sw?p] 
D.J.[swi8p]
K.K.[swip]
v.ʣ
swept[swpt] sweep.ing,sweeps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clean or clear, as of dirt, with or as if with a broom or brush:
ɨƺˢɨҳ
sweep a chimney.
ɨ̴
To clear away with or as if with a broom or brush:
ɨûƺɾ
swept snow from the steps.
̨ϵѩ
To clear (a path or space) with or as if with a broom.
ɨûƺɨ·ռ䣩
To search thoroughly:
Ѱ
The counselors swept the dormitory during the fire drill.
ڻڼ丨ԱѲ
Electronics To search for and remove (eavesdropping devices) from a place:
ѧ ɨһѲ鲢ȡߣװã
swept the room for bugs.
ڷѰ
To touch or brush lightly, as with a trailing garment:
ҷ·һᴥ
willow branches sweeping the ground.
֦
To pass over or through a surface or medium with a continuous movement:
ӹɨԽ򴩹һƽн飺
He swept the sponge over the tile. The conductor swept her baton through the air.
úϴשָӼڿлָӰ
To clear, drive, or convey with relentless force:
ϯ߻ߣ
The flood waters swept away everything in their path.
ˮһ·ϾеĶ
To wipe out at a single stroke. Often used withaway : 
Ѹٵػ𡣳away ã 
The incident in effect swept away all her dreams.
ⳡ¹ʵϻе
To remove or carry off with a swift brushing motion:
ߣߣѸɨ߻ߣ
swept the cards off the table; swept the child into his arms.
˿ƴһ°Ѻ
To move across or through swiftly or with great intensity:
ٻŵش飺
News of the lunar landing swept the country.
½Ϣһ´ȫ
To pass quickly across, as when searching:
Ѱʱɨӣ
His gaze swept the horizon.
ɨ˵ƽ
To drag the bottom of (a body of water).
迣̣ˮ壩ĵײ
To win all the stages of (a game or contest):
Ӯãÿһ׶εʤ
swept the World Series.
ְҵдȫʤ
To win overwhelmingly in:
ѹԵػʤȫʤ
The opposition party swept the election.
Եھѡлѹʤ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To clean or clear a surface with or as if with a broom or brush.
ɨûƺˢɨ
Electronics To search for and remove eavesdropping devices.
ѧ ɨѰװ
To move swiftly with strong, steady force:
ǿɨӣȶǿؿ˶
The wind swept over the plain.
ɨƽԭ
To move swiftly in a lofty manner, as if in a trailing robe:
Ըŷʽƶҷس۰߰ٵƶ
She swept by in silence.
Ĭ߹
To trail, as a long garment.
ҷ糤۵´
To extend gracefully, especially in a long curve:
ѣָʳ״չ
The hills sweep down to the sea.
ɽ
To extend in a wide range:
Χչ
Searchlights swept across the sky.
̽յƺɨ
n.ʣ
A clearing out or removal with or as if with a broom or brush.
ɨûƺˢ
Electronics The act or an instance of searching for and removing eavesdropping devices, as in a room.
ѧ ɨڷѰȡװõΪ
A wide curving motion:
ѣ
a sweep of the arm.
ѵĺ
The range or scope encompassed by sweeping:
ɨķΧ
the sweep of a lantern beam.See Synonyms at range 
ķΧμ range
A broad reach or extent:
һƬ
a sweep of green lawn.
һƬɫƺ
A curve or contour:
߻
the sweep of her hair.
ͷ
One who sweeps, especially a chimney sweep.
ɨߣָɨ̴
Often sweeps Sweepings.
  sweeps 
The winning of all stages of a game or contest.
ȫʤ
An overwhelming victory or success.
ѹʤɹ
Nautical A long oar used to propel a boat.
 ڻĳ
A long pole attached to a pivot and used to raise or lower a bucket in a well.
ˮõĳˣˮͰĳ
sweeps (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Informal Sweepstakes.
 sweeps 뵥ãʽ ɨ
sweeps The period each fall, winter, and spring when television ratings are accrued and studied and advertising rates are reset.
 sweeps ÿĵӼÿռϢõһʱ
The national survey of local stations that is conducted to determine these ratings.
ƶʶеȫԵط̨
Electronics The steady motion of an electron beam across a cathode-ray tube.
ѧ ӹ߹ܵȶ˶
?
sweep (one) off (one's) feet
To cause an immediate and strongly positive response in (a person); impress deeply.
ĳӡʹĳ˲ֱǿҵ淴Ӧĳӡ
?
Middle English swepen 
йӢ swepen 
perhaps from swepe [past tense of] swopen [to sweep along] * see  swoop 
Դ swepe  [] swopenĹȥʱ [ɨ] *μ swoop
?
sweeper
n.ʣ

= =
sweet
sweet
AHD:[sw?t] 
D.J.[swi8t]
K.K.[swit]
adj.ݴʣ
sweet.er,sweet.est 
Having the taste of sugar or a substance containing or resembling sugar, as honey or saccharin.
ģζĻǵʺۡǾζ
Containing or derived from sugar.
ǵģƵ
Retaining some natural sugar; not dry:
ζģȻǷݵģɵģ
a sweet wine.

Pleasing to the senses; agreeable:
ģöģ
the sweet song of the lark; a sweet face.
ȸĸ
Pleasing to the mind or feelings; gratifying:
ģģ
sweet revenge.
ʹĸ
Having a pleasing disposition; lovable:
ɰģϲģ
a sweet child.
ɰĺ
Kind; gracious:
Ͱģеģ
It was sweet of him to help out.
ԸҰʴ
Fragrant; perfumed:
ģҷģ
a sweet scent.
ζ
Not saline or salted:
εģ̵ģ
sweet water; sweet butter.
ˮζ
Not spoiled, sour, or decaying; fresh:
ûбõģʵģ
sweet milk.
ţ
Free of acid or acidity:
ģ
sweet soil.

Low in sulfur content: sweet fuel oil.
Ǻ͵ģȼ
Music Of, relating to, or being a form of jazz characterized by adherence to a melodic line and to a time signature.
֡ ɷģڡڻΪһϸɺĺľʿֵ
adv.ʣ
In a sweet manner; sweetly.

n.ʣ
Sweet taste or quality; sweetness.
ζζʣ
Something sweet to the taste.
ζʳƷ
sweets 
 sweets 
Foods, such as candy, pastries, puddings, or preserves, that are high in sugar content.
ʳǡ㡢۽Ⱥܸߵʳ
Informal Sweet potatoes:
ʽ 
candied sweets.
ĸ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A sweet dish, such as pudding, served as dessert.
㣺ĵ㣬粼
A sweetmeat or confection.
ǹ۽
A dear or beloved person.
ɰ
Something pleasing to the mind or feelings.

?
sweet onʽ
Enamored of; in love with.
ϲϡ
?
Middle English swete 
йӢ swete 
from Old English sw?e * see  sw3d- 
Դ Ӣ sw?e *μ sw3d- 
?
sweetly
adv.ʣ
sweetness
n.ʣ
?
Sweet
Sweet
AHD:[sw?t] Henry (1845-1912) 
D.J.[swi8t]
K.K.[swit]
NONE޴ԣ
British phonetician and philologist. A founder of modern phonetics, he is known especially for hisHistory of English Sounds  (1874). 
˹άأ(1845-1912) ӢѧҺѧңִѧĴʼˣӢʷ 1874꣩ 

= =
swell
swell
AHD:[swl] 
D.J.[swel]
K.K.[swWl]
v.ʣ
swelled,swelled  swol.len [sw?ln] swell.ing,swells 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To increase in size or volume as a result of internal pressure; expand.
ͣţڲѹʹߴչ
To increase in force, size, number, or degree:
ǿӴߴ硢̶ȵ
Membership in the club swelled.
ֲԱ
To grow in loudness or intensity:
Ȼǿӣ
The din in front swelled to a tremendous chorus(Stephen Crane)
ǰǿΪһƬ(˹ٷҡ)
To bulge out, as a sail.

To rise or extend above the surrounding level, as clouds.
ɢһˮƽչ
To rise in swells, as the sea.
ˮǣӿ
To be or become filled or puffed up, as with pride, arrogance, or anger.
򽾰ŭͻ
To rise from within:

Rage swelled within me.
ͷŭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to increase in volume, size, number, degree, or intensity:
ʹͣʹߣʹߴ硢̶Ȼǿȣ
The governor's full public disclosure only swelled the chorus of protests.
ݳԹڵ꾡͸¶һƬǿҵĿ
To fill with emotion.

n.ʣ
The act or process of swelling.
֮ͣ
The condition of being swollen.
ʹ״̬
A swollen part; a bulge or protuberance.
Ͳ֣͹¡
A long wave on water that moves continuously without breaking.
Ĳ
A rise in the land; a rounded elevation.
Բε¡
Informal One who is fashionably dressed or socially prominent:
ʽ ʱֵˣˣʱֵĻ罻׿Խˣ
society swells.
ͷ
Music 
֡ 
A crescendo followed by a gradual diminuendo.
Ľڵ
The sign indicating such a crescendo.

A device on an instrument, such as an organ or a harpsichord, for regulating volume.
ܷٻҹͭٵװ
adj.ݴʣ
swell.er,swell.est ʽ 
Fashionably elegant; stylish.
ʱֶŵģƯ
Excellent; wonderful:
ģʵģ
had a swell time.
üΪ
?
Middle English swellen 
йӢ swellen 
from Old English swellan 
Դ Ӣ swellan 

= =
swift
swift
AHD:[sw1ft] 
D.J.[sw!ft]
K.K.[sw!ft]
adj.ݴʣ
swift.er,swift.est 
Moving or capable of moving with great speed; fast.See Synonyms at fast 1
ѸٵģԻܹԺܿٶ˶ģѸٵĲμ fast1
Coming, occurring, or accomplished quickly; instant:
ģܿ쵽ɵģ̵ģ
a swift retort.
ķ
Quick to act or react; prompt:
ӦģжӦѸٵģ̵ģ
swift to take steps.
ٲȡʩ
adv.ʣ
Swiftly. Often used in combination:
Ѹٵءϴʣ
swift-running.
ܶ
n.ʣ
A cylinder on a carding machine.
޻ĹͲ
A reel used to hold yarn as it is being wound off.
᣺֯ʱڶסɴߵľ
Any of various small, dark, insect-eating birds of the family Apodidae, related to the hummingbirds and noted for their long, strong wings and swift flight.
ࣺƵĸֲʳĺɫСԵϵ䳤ǿĳͿٷж
Any of various small, fast-moving North American lizards of the generaSceloporus  and Uta.  
С棺һִ   ڱĿС 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
swiftly
adv.ʣ
swiftness
n.ʣ
?
Swift
Swift
AHD:[sw1ft] Gustavus Franklin (1839-1903) 
D.J.[sw!ft]
K.K.[sw!ft]
NONE޴ԣ
American meatpacker who was the first to use refrigerated railroad cars (1877).
˹أ˹˹֣(1839-1903) ӹˣһ·س(1877꣩
?
Swift
SwiftJonathan (1667-1745)
NONE޴ԣ
Irish-born English writer known for his satirical works, includingGulliver's Travels  (1726) and A Modest Proposal  (1729). 
˹أԼõ(1667-1745) Ӣңμǡ 1726꣩ һССĽ顷 1729꣩ķƷ 

= =
swim
swim
AHD:[sw1m] 
D.J.[sw!m]
K.K.[sw!m]
v.ʣ
swam[sw2m] swum[sw?m] swim.ming,swims 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move through water by means of the limbs, fins, or tail.
Ӿͨ֫βˮ˶
To move as though gliding through water.
ˮ
To float on water or another liquid.
ƯˮҺƯ
To be covered or flooded with or as if with a liquid:
ûûƺҺݻ磺
chicken swimming in gravy.
֭ļ
To possess a superfluity; abound:
ӵдƸУ
After winning the lottery, she was swimming in money.
Ӯ˲Ʊ֮
To experience a floating or giddy sensation; be dizzy:
ѣΣƮѣĿĸоѣΣ
his brain still swimming with the effects of the last night's champagne(Robert Smith Surtees)
ԾͷĿѣ(޲ءʷ˹ɪ˹)
To appear to spin or reel lazily:
·ת
The room swam before my eyes.
ǰת
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To move through or across (a body of water) by swimming:
ιͨӾˮ壩
She swam the channel.
ι˺Ͽ
To execute (a particular stroke) in swimming.
Ӿвȡһضƣ
To cause to swim or float.
ʹӾƯ
n.ʣ
The act of swimming.
ӾӾĶ
A period of time spent swimming.
Ӿһʱ
A gliding motion.

A state of dizziness.
ѣ
An area, as of a river, abounding in fish.
ˮ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or used for swimming:
ӾģڡڻӾģ
a swim mask.
Ӿ
?
in the swim
Active in the general current of affairs.
Ͷڵǰ
swim against the stream
To move counter to a prevailing trend.
泱
?
Middle English swimmen 
йӢ swimmen 
from Old English swimman 
Դ Ӣ swimman 
?
swimmable
adj.ݴʣ
swimmer
n.ʣ

= =
swing
swing
AHD:[sw1ng] 
D.J.[sw!0]
K.K.[sw!0]
v.ʣ
swung[sw?ng] swing.ing,swings 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move back and forth suspended or as if suspended from above.
ڣ洹ƺǰҡ
To hit at something with a sweeping motion of the arm:
ѸٴӶֱ۴ĳ
swung at the ball.
ӱۻ
To move laterally or in a curve:
תת䣺ʺ˶
The car swung over to the curb.
תе
To turn in place on or as if on a hinge or pivot.
תƻŦ֧תĳλ
To move along with an easy, swaying gait:
ҡڵߣ
swinging down the road.
˳Žֵҡҡڰڵȥ
To propel oneself from one place or position to another by grasping a fixed support:
ڵץסһ̶֧ŵһһطλƽ
swinging through the trees.

To ride on a swing.
ǧ
To shift from one attitude, interest, condition, or emotion to another; vacillate.
ԥҡڲı̬ȡȤ״飻ҡ
Slang To be put to death by hanging.
ٵ 
Music 
֡ 
To have a subtle, intuitively felt rhythm or sense of rhythm.
ӯĽࣺоɵġֱ۵Ľ
To play with a subtle, intuitively felt sense of rhythm.
Ծտļࣺžɵġֱ۵Ľ
Slang 
ٵ 
To be lively, trendy, and exciting.
ӻáʱҼ
To engage freely in promiscuous sex.
ΪĽ
To exchange sex partners. Used especially of married couples.
԰£ָѻ򸾽԰
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move back and forth, as on a swing.
ʹڶʹǧһǰҡ
To cause to move in a broad arc or curve:
ʹ˶ʹȹλ˶
swing a bat; swung the car over.
Ӷģת
To cause to move with a sweeping motion:
ʹȫƶʹԴ󻡶ȵĶƶ
swinging his arms.
Ӷֱ
To lift and convey with a sweeping motion:
̧ߣӶˣ
swung the cargo onto the deck.
ѻϼװ
To suspend so as to sway or turn freely:
ҡڻת
swung a hammock between two trees.
һ
To suspend on hinges:
ڽϣ
swing a shutter.
ҰҶ
To cause to turn on hinges:
ʹƽת
swung the door shut.
Ź
To cause to shift from one attitude, position, opinion, or condition to another.
ޣʹת̬ȡ۵״
Informal 
ʽ 
To manage or arrange successfully:
ɹعţ
swing a deal.
һʽ
To bring around to the desired result:
ʹԤڽ
swing an election.
ʹѡٴﵽԤڽ
Music To play (music) with a subtle, intuitively felt sense of rhythm.
֡ Ծտļࣺ΢ֱ۵Ľ֣ࣨ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of swinging; movement back and forth or in one particular direction.
ҡڣҡڵĶһضǰ˶
The sweep or scope of something that swings:
ڳ̣ҡڵķΧ
The pendulum's swing is 12 inches.
ӰڵΪ12Ӣ
A blow or stroke executed with a sweeping motion of the arm.
Ӷֱ۵һ
The manner in which one swings something, such as a bat or golf club.
ӶƣӶĻ߶̬
A shift from one attitude, position, or condition to another:
̬ȡ״ĸı䣺
a swing to conservatism.
ת
Freedom of action:
жɣ
The children have free swing in deciding what color to paint their room.
ǿɾʲôɫǵķ
A swaying, graceful motion:
ŵİڶ
has a swing to her walk.
·ʱŵذڶ
A sweep back and forth:
ǰӹ
the swing of a bird across the sky.
һֻӹ
A course or tour that returns to the starting point:
̣ۻԭص·߻У
a swing across the state while campaigning.
ѡʱȫ
A seat suspended from above, as by ropes, on which one can ride back and forth for recreation.
ǧӵŵӣ˿ǰڶΪǲ
The normal rhythm of life or pace of activities:
Ľࣺ
back in the swing.
ص
A steady, vigorous rhythm or movement, as in verse.
ɣȶǿĽ
A regular movement up or down, as in stock prices.
Ʊ۸Ĺ
Music 
֡ 
A type of popular dance music developed about 1935 and based on jazz but employing a larger band and simpler harmonic and rhythmic patterns.
ҡ֣γ1935ǰһ赸֣ԾʿΪø򵥵ĺͽʽԼĹֶ
A ballroom dance performed to this music.
ҡ赸
A subtle, intuitively felt rhythmic quality or sense of rhythm.
Ľࣺġֱ۵Ľ༰
adj.ݴʣ
Music Relating to or performing swing:
֡ ҡֵģڻҡֵģ
a swing band.
ҡֶ
Determining an outcome; decisive:
ģԵģ
the swing vote.
ͶƱ
?
in full swing
At the highest level of activity or operation.
ڻˮ׼
?
Middle English swingen [to beat, brandish] 
йӢ swingen [ҫ] 
from Old English swingan [to flog, strike, swing] 
Դ Ӣ swingan [飬򣬻] 
?
swingy
adj.ݴʣ
?
swing,oscillate,sway,rock,vibrate,fluctuate,undulate,waver
These verbs mean to move in a back-and-forth, up-and-down, or to-and-fro pattern.
Щʱʾǰ»˶
 Swing   usually applies to arclike movement of something attached at one extremity and free at the other: 
 Swing  ָͨһ˹̶һյε˶ 
The ship's lanterns swung violently in the raging storm.
ϵĵڼ籩ҵػζ
The shutter swung open.
Ҷζش򿪡
Her purse swings from her shoulder on a long strap.
ƤǮϴ¡
Oscillate   refers to steady, uninterrupted back-and-forth motion, as that of a pendulum;in an extended sense it denotes vacillation, as between conflicting purposes: 
Oscillate  ָӰʽȶǰ˶رʾڳͻĿ֮ǻ 
a king . . . oscillating between fear of Rome and desire of independence  (Walter Besant).
ڶĿ־ͶԶĿ֮ҡڲ ߶ءɭأ
 Sway   suggests the movement of something unsteady, light, or flexible: 
 Sway  ָﲻȶġɵĻ˶ 
thousands of the little yellow blossoms all swaying to the light wind  (W.H. Hudson).Torock  is to swing gently or rhythmically or sway or tilt violently:  
ǧСɫ΢ҡڡ (WHRock ָнеҡҵҡڻб  
The ruins of the ancient church seemed actually to rock and threaten to fall  (Sir Walter Scott).
Žõַȷʵڻζ᧿Σ ߶ء˾ؾʿ
 Vibrate   usually implies quick periodic oscillations;it often suggests trembling, pulsating, or quivering: 
 Vibrate  ָͨٵҡڣʾ΢ 
Music, when soft voices die,/Vibrates in the memory  (Percy Bysshe Shelley).
ȥ/ڼв ѩ
 Fluctuate   is most often used figuratively to imply fairly constant alternating change: 
 Fluctuate  ָȽȶĽ仯 
Prices fluctuated violently from the irregularity of the crops  (Lesley B. Simpson).
ȶ¼۸Ҳ ˹Bɭ
 Undulate   implies smooth wavelike movement: 
 Undulate  ָ˰ƽ˶ 
The ripe wheat undulated in the breeze like the incoming tide.
Сˮ
Waver   suggests unsteady, uncertain movement: 
Waver  ʾȶȷ˶ 
He stood with wavering hands, unable for a moment to begin  (H.G. Wells).
ڶ˫վһʱ䲻֪οʼ (HGʿ

= =
switch
switch
AHD:[sw1ch] 
D.J.[sw!t.]
K.K.[sw!t.]
n.ʣ
A slender flexible rod, stick, or twig, especially one used for whipping.
ϸ֦ӣеԵĹָڱ޴Ĵණ
The bushy tip of the tail of certain animals:
βëأĳЩβĶëļⲿ
a cow's switch.
ţβë
A thick strand of real or synthetic hair used as part of a coiffure.
ٷһĻëΪŮĳַʽһ
A flailing or lashing, as with a slender rod.
һ˦һϸһ˦һ
Abbr. sw.A device used to break or open an electric circuit or to divert current from one conductor to another.
д sw.תڿص·ѵһ崫һ豸
Abbr. sw.A device consisting of two sections of railroad track and accompanying apparatus used to transfer rolling stock from one track to another.
д sw.һװ
The act or process of operating a switching device.
תػתʩĶ
The result achieved by such an act.
תƣֶµĽ
An exchange or a swap, especially one done secretly.
ָܽе
A transference or shift, as of opinion or attention.
ת䣺תתƣת۵ע
v.ʣ
switched,switch.ing,switch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Chiefly Southern U.S. To whip with or as if with a switch, especially in punishing a child.
ϲ ޴ϸ޻ϸƵر޴ڳͷͯʱ
To jerk or swish abruptly or sharply:
ѸתͻȻȻسӶ
a cat switching its tail.
һֻͻβ͵è
To shift, transfer, or divert:
ı䣺ת䡢תƻĻ
switched the conversation to a lighter subject.
̸תƵһɵĻ
To exchange:

asked her brother to switch seats with her.
ֵλ
To connect, disconnect, or divert (an electric current) by operating a switch.
תͨػתӣжϵʹת
To cause (an electric current or appliance) to begin or cease operation:
ʹʼֹͣ
switched the lights on and off.
ص
Informal To produce as if by operating a control. Often used withon : 
ʽ ͬŦƵĲ롢On ã 
switched on the charm.
չ
To move (rolling stock) from one track to another; shunt.
תޣѣ豸һƵһת
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make or undergo a shift or an exchange:
ת䣬һת򽻻
The office has switched from typewriters to word processors.
칫ѰѴִֻ
To swish sharply from side to side.
ڶͻȻһӵһ
?
switch off ʽ
To stop paying attention; lose interest.
ע⣻ʧȥȤ
?
[Probably of Low German or Flemish origin] 
[Դڵâ] 
?
switchable
adj.ݴʣ
switcher
n.ʣ

= =
sword
sword
AHD:[s?rd] 
D.J.[s%8d]
K.K.[s%rd]
n.ʣ
A weapon consisting typically of a long, straight or slightly curved, pointed blade having one or two cutting edges and set into a hilt.
һͨɳֱ΢΢ġУһбߵĵɣǶ뵶֮
An instrument of death or destruction.
е
The use of force, as in war.
ʹս
Military power or jurisdiction.
²Ȩ
?
at swords' points
Ready for a fight.
׼ս
put to the sword
To kill; slay.
ɱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English sweord 
Դ Ӣ sweord 

= =
symbol
sym.bol
AHD:[s1mbl] 
D.J.[6s!mb*l]
K.K.[6s!mb*l]
n.Abbr. sym.ʣд sym.
Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible.
־ͨϵƻͳĳָʵ
A printed or written sign used to represent an operation, an element, a quantity, a quality, or a relation, as in mathematics or music.
ţţӡˢĻķţĳһҪءĳϵѧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
sym.boled,sym.bol.ing,sym.bols 
To symbolize.
÷Ŵ
?
Middle English symbole [creed] 
йӢ symbole [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin symbolum [token, mark] 
Դ  symbolum [־] 
from Greek sumbolon [token for identification (by comparison with a counterpart)] 
Դ ϣ sumbolon [ȷݵı־ͨӦбȽϣ] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
ballein [to throw] * see  g wel- 
ballein [ӣͶ] *μ g wel- 
?
symbol,attribute,emblem
The central meaning shared by these nouns is something associated with and standing for, representing, or identifying something else: 
Щʹе˼ǡϵͬĳĶ 
scales, the symbol of justice;
ƽƽ
the scepter, an attribute of royal power;
ȣȨı־
the thistle, the emblem of Scotland. 
ո 

= =
symmetry
sym.me.try
AHD:[s1m1-tr?] 
D.J.[6s!m!tri8]
K.K.[6s!m!tri]
n.ʣ
 sym.me.tries 
Exact correspondence of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane or about a center or an axis.See Synonyms at proportion 
ԳƣڷֽߡĻĶʽ빹첼ֵȫӦμ proportion
A relationship of characteristic correspondence, equivalence, or identity among constituents of an entity or between different entities:
ԳԣһʵڲͬʵеҪ֮еĶӦ൱ͬĹϵ
the narrative symmetry of the novel.
С˵ǰӦ
Beauty as a result of balance or harmonious arrangement.
ԳƽгĲò
?
Latin symmetria 
 symmetria 
from Greek summetria 
Դ ϣ summetria 
from summetros [of like measure] 
Դ summetros [Ƶĳߴ] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
metron [measure] * see  m?- 2
metron [ߴ] *μ m?- 2

= =
sympathetic
sym.pa.thet.ic
AHD:[s1mp-tht1k] 
D.J.[7s!mp*6Get!k]
K.K.[7s!mp*6GWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy:
ͬģͬġʾͬġͬĵĻͬģ
a sympathetic glance.
ͬһƳ
Favorably inclined:
ͬģ
not at all sympathetic to her proposal.
һҲͬĽ
Agreeably suited to one's disposition or mood; congenial:
гģģĳ˵ϵģͶģ
sympathetic surroundings.
Ļ
Of, relating to, or acting on the sympathetic nervous system:
񾭵ģԵģ񾭵ġ뽻صĻڽ񾭵ģ
a sympathetic neuron; sympathetic stimulation.
ϸ˷
Relating to or being vibrations, especially musical tones, produced in one body by energy from a nearby vibrating body and having the same frequency as the vibration of the nearby 
body.
ӦģڻڸĳһƵͬڲ񶯵ģָ
Emitting such vibrations:
Ӧģ񶯵ģ
sympathetic strings.
Ӧ
?
Greek sumpath?s 
ϣ sumpath?s 
from sumpatheia [sympathy] * see  sympathy 
Դ sumpatheia [ͬ] *μ sympathy
?
sympathetically
adv.ʣ

= =
sympathize
sym.pa.thize
AHD:[s1mp-thoz] 
D.J.[6s!mp*7Ga!z]
K.K.[6s!mp*7Ga!z]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
sym.pa.thized,sym.pa.thiz.ing,sym.pa.thiz.es 
To feel or express compassion, as for another's suffering; commiserate.
ͬʾͬ飺˵ĿѸеʾͬ飻
To share or understand the feelings or ideas of another:
ͬ˵ĸ뷨
sympathized with the goals of the committee.
ͬίԱ뷨
To be in accord; correspond.
롭һ£Ӧ
?
sympathizer
n.ʣ
sympathizingly
adv.ʣ

= =
sympathy
sym.pa.thy
AHD:[s1mp-th?] 
D.J.[6s!mp*Gi8]
K.K.[6s!mp*Gi]
n.ʣ
 sym.pa.thies 
A relationship or an affinity between people or things in which whatever affects one correspondingly affects the other.
ͶͬУ˻֮һֹϵƵ㣬Ӱһ˻ĶҲӦӰһ˻
Mutual understanding or affection arising from this relationship or affinity.
ͬ飺ֹϵͬĻ
The act or power of sharing the feelings of another.
ͬģ˵ĸΪ
Often sympathies A feeling or an expression of pity or sorrow for the distress of another; compassion or commiseration.See Synonyms at pity 
  sympathies οʣ˵ı˶˵ĸָıͬμ pity
Harmonious agreement; accord:
гһ£Ӧ
He is in sympathy with their beliefs.
ǵһ
A feeling of loyalty; allegiance. Often used in the plural:
ҳϣЧҳ
His sympathies lie with his family.
ҳļͥͬ
Physiology A relation between parts or organs by which a disease or disorder in one induces an effect in the other.
ѧ ӦУĲλ֮һֹϵһλļʧһӦ
?
Latin sympathoa 
 sympathoa 
from Greek sumpatheia 
Դ ϣ sumpatheia 
from sumpath?s [affected by like feelings] 
Դ sumpath?s [ͬĸӰ] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
pathos [emotion] * see  k went(h)- 
pathos [] *μ k went(h)- 

= =
symphony
sym.pho.ny
AHD:[s1mf-n?] 
D.J.[6s!mf*ni8]
K.K.[6s!mf*ni]
n.ʣ
 sym.pho.nies 
Abbr. sym.Music 
д sym.֡ 
An extended piece in three or more movements for symphony orchestra, essentially a large-scale, complex sonata.
֣Ϊдĺµһָ֣ģġӵ
An instrumental passage in a vocal or choral composition.
質ϳϵһ
An instrumental overture or interlude, as in early opera.
ǰڸ
Music 
֡ 
A symphony orchestra.

An orchestral concert.
ֻ
Harmony, especially of sound or color.
гָɫʵЭ
Something characterized by a harmonious combination of elements.
гĶԪغгΪĳ
?
Middle English symphonye [harmony] 
йӢ symphonye [г] 
from Old French symphonie 
Դ ŷ symphonie 
from Latin symph?a 
Դ  symph?a 
from Greek sumph?a 
Դ ϣ sumph?a 
from sumph?s [harmonious] 
Դ sumph?s [г] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
ph??} [sound] * see  bh3- 2
ph??} [] *μ bh3- 2

= =
symposium
sym.po.si.um
AHD:[s1m-p?z?-m] 
D.J.[s!m6p*&zi8*m]
K.K.[s!m6pozi*m]
n.ʣ
 sym.po.si.ums  sym.po.si.a [-z?-]  
A meeting or conference for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations.
ۻ᣺ĳһľۻ飬ָ߼Ϊڣݽľۻ
A collection of writings on a particular topic, as in a magazine.
רģרļĳһר׫дµĺϼĳ־
A convivial meeting for drinking, music, and intellectual discussion among the ancient Greeks.
ʾƻ᣺ϣʱһơֺ۵Ľʾۻ
?
Latin [drinking party] 
 [ƻ] 
from Greek sumposion 
Դ ϣ sumposion 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
posis [drinking] * see  p?(i)- 
posis [Ⱦ] *μ p?(i)- 

= =
symptom
symp.tom
AHD:[s1mtm, s1mp-] 
D.J.[6s!mt*m, 6s!mp-]
K.K.[6s!mt*m, 6s!mp-]
n.ʣ
A characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else:
ףĳڵеļ
The affair is a symptom of a global marital disturbance; it is not the disturbance itself(Maggie Scarf)See Synonyms at sign 
һ¼ȫҵףǻұ(꼪˹)μ sign
A sign or an indication of disorder or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance.
֢״ʧ򼲲ֳļָһ˾״̬оתʱ
?
Alteration  influenced by Late Latin sympt?a 
    sympt? 
of Middle English sinthoma [symptom of a disease] 
 йӢ sinthomaı仯 [֢״] 
from Medieval Latin sinth?a 
Դ  sinth?a 
from Late Latin sympt?a 
Դ  sympt?a 
from Greek sumpt?a  sumpt?mat- [a happening, symptom of a disease] 
Դ ϣ sumpt?a  sumpt?mat- [ż¼֢״] 
from sumpiptein [to coincide] 
Դ sumpiptein [ͬʱ] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
piptein [to fall] * see  pet- 
piptein [] *μ pet- 
?
symptomless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
synthesis
syn.the.sis
AHD:[s1nth1-s1s] 
D.J.[6s!nG!s!s]
K.K.[6s!nG!s!s]
n.ʣ
 syn.the.ses[-s?z]  
The combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole.
ۺϣѷֱԪػӳһ
The complex whole so formed.
ۺ壺γɵĸӵ
Chemistry Formation of a compound from simpler compounds or elements.
ѧ ϳɣӸ򵥵ĻԪγɻ
Philosophy 
ѧ 
Reasoning from the general to the particular; logical deduction.
ۺһ㵽߼ϵ
The combination of thesis and antithesis in the Hegelian dialectical process whereby a new and higher level of truth is produced.
⣺ڸı֤۵뷴۵ĽϣӶõµĸ߼
?
Latin [collection] 
 [ռ] 
from Greek sunthesis 
Դ ϣ sunthesis 
from suntithenai [to put together] 
Դ suntithenai [һ] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺ͬġ] 
tithenai [to put] * see  dh?- 
tithenai [] *μ dh?- 
?
synthesist
n.ʣ

= =
synthetic
syn.thet.ic
AHD:[s1n-tht1k] 
D.J.[s!n6Get!k]
K.K.[s!n6GWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to, involving, or of the nature of synthesis.
йۺϵġ漰ۺϵĻۺԵ
Chemistry Produced by synthesis, especially not of natural origin.
ѧ ϳɵģɺϳģָɷȻԭƳɵ
Not natural or genuine; artificial or contrived:
ģȻĻģĻȻģ
counterfeit rhetoric that flourishes when passions are synthetic(George F. Will)
ʱαĴϲ(F.)
Prepared or made artificially:
˹׼ģ
synthetic leather.See Synonyms at artificial 
Ƥμ artificial
Linguistics Relating to or being a language, such as Latin or Russian, that uses inflectional affixes to express syntactic relationships.
ѧ ۺ͵ģڻ۱仯Ĵ׺䷨ϵԵģ
Logic Philosophy Relating to or being a proposition that attributes to a subject a predicate not inherent in the subject and that does not result in a contradiction if negated.
߼ѧ ѧ ģһڷе֮ìܵνйصĻ֮
n.ʣ
A synthetic chemical compound or material.
ϳϳάϳɵĻѧ
?
Greek sunthetikos [skilled in putting together, component] 
ϣ sunthetikos [ǳطһģ] 
from sunthetos [combined] 
Դ sunthetos [ϵ] 
from suntithenai [to put together] * see  synthesis 
Դ suntithenai [һ] *μ synthesis
?
synthetically
adv.ʣ

= =
system
sys.tem
AHD:[s1stm] 
D.J.[6s!st*m]
K.K.[6s!st*m]
n.Abbr. syst.ʣд syst.
A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole.
ϵͳһӵһ黥áϵԪ
A functionally related group of elements, especially:
ϵͳһڹϻϵԪأָ
The human body regarded as a functional physiological unit.
ϵͳΪһܵλ˵
An organism as a whole, especially with regard to its vital processes or functions.
лϵͳΪһл壬ָҪ仯̻йʱ
A group of physiologically or anatomically complementary organs or parts:
ϵͳһṹϻٻ򲿷֣
the nervous system; the skeletal system.
ϵͳϵͳ
A group of interacting mechanical or electrical components.
װãһ໥õĻеӲ
A network of structures and channels, as for communication, travel, or distribution.
ʩ֯Ƶɵ״ϵͳΪͨѶлж
An organized set of interrelated ideas or principles.
ϵ֯һ໥õ˼ԭ
A social, economic, or political organizational form.
ƶȣᡢû֯ʽ
A naturally occurring group of objects or phenomena:
ϵȻֵһ
the solar system.
̫ϵ
A set of objects or phenomena grouped together for classification or analysis.
ϵͳΪһһ
A condition of harmonious, orderly interaction.
г໥õ״̬
An organized and coordinated method; a procedure.See Synonyms at method 
֯Ļгķμ method
The prevailing social order; the establishment. Used withthe : 
ȨռƵȨthe ã 
You can't beat the system.
򲻰
?
Late Latin syst?a  syst?mat- 
 syst?a  syst?mat- 
from Greek sust?a 
Դ ϣ sust?a 
from sunistanai [to combine] 
Դ sunistanai [] 
sun- [syn-] 
sun- [ǰ׺] 
histanai [set up, establish] * see  st3- 
histanai [] *μ st3- 

= =
table
ta.ble
AHD:[t3bl] 
D.J.[6te!b*l]
K.K.[6teb*l]
n.Abbr. tab.ʣд tab.
An article of furniture supported by one or more vertical legs and having a flat horizontal surface.
ӣһҾߣһֱ֧,һƽ̹ı
The objects laid out for a meal on this article of furniture.
;ߣڲϰڷšԷ
The food and drink served at meals; fare:
ˣʱϵʳϣȣ
kept an excellent table.
ǳԵ÷ǳ
The company of people assembled around a table, as for a meal.
ͬϯò͵ˣΪòͶΧһŷܵһȺ
Games A piece of furniture serving as a playing surface, as for faro, roulette, or dice. Often used in the plural.
Ϸ ϷõһҾߣ編޶Ĳ̶ĻϷʱõӡ
Games 
Ϸ 
Either of the leaves of a backgammon board.
ҳһʮϷðҳеһҳ
tables Obsolete The game of backgammon.
 tables  ʮϷ
A plateau or tableland.
ԭߵ
A flat facet cut across the top of a precious stone.
ƽ棺һűʯĶгƽ
A stone or gem cut in this fashion.
ƽıʯַʽиʯͷʯ
Music The front part of the body of a stringed instrument.
֡ 壺һǰ
Architecture 
ѧ 
A raised or sunken rectangular panel on a wall.
壺ǽ͹ݵĳǶ
A raised horizontal surface or continuous band on an exterior wall; a stringcourse.
ܣһǽ͹ˮƽ壻
A part of the human palm framed by four lines, analyzed in palmistry.
ģΧɵ˵ĺƵһ֣ǿʱ
An orderly arrangement of data, especially one in which the data are arranged in columns and rows in an essentially rectangular form.
еһУָеݰϹһεкͺнеһű
An abbreviated list, as of contents; a synopsis.
һҪģݵģĿ
An engraved slab or tablet bearing an inscription or a device.
ңĻͼһʯ
Anatomy The inner or outer flat layer of bones of the skull separated by the diploe.
ѧ ǰ壺ϹǸͷǹǵڲƽĹͷ
tables A system of laws or decrees; a code:
 tables 䣺ɻϵ
the tables of Moses.
Ħ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ta.bled,ta.bling,ta.bles 
To put or place on a table.
Ż
To postpone consideration of (a piece of legislation, for example); shelve.
ãƳٶԣ磬һĿǣ
To enter in a list or table; tabulate.
УƱ񣻰ѡƳɱ
?
on the table
Up for discussion:
ۣ
Two new proposals are on the table.
鰸д
Postponed or put aside for consideration at a later date.
õģƳٵĻԺٽпǵ
under the table
In secret.
ܵ
Into a completely intoxicated state:
ģģȫ״̬ģ
drank themselves under the table.
Ǻȵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tabula [board] 
Դ  tabula [ľ] 

= =
tablet
tab.let
AHD:[t2bl1t] 
D.J.[6t#bl!t]
K.K.[6t#bl!t]
n.ʣ
A slab or plaque, as of stone or ivory, with a surface that is intended for or bears an inscription.
Ҷʯɵһңһֻѿֵı
A thin sheet or leaf, used as a writing surface.
д壺дһҳ
A set of such leaves fastened together, as in a book.
᣺һ׳״һֱҳ
A pad of writing paper glued together along one edge.
һԵһһдֽ
A small flat pellet of medication to be taken orally.
ҩƬһСƬڷıƽҩ
A small flat cake of a prepared substance, such as soap.
һСƬƽĳƷһС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tab.let.ed,tab.let.ing,tab.lets 
To inscribe on a tablet.
һдϿ̻
To form into a tablet.
γɰ״
?
Middle English tablette 
йӢ tablette 
from Old French tablete [diminutive of] table [table] * see  table 
Դ ŷ tablete  [] tableС׺ [ҩƬ] *μ table

= =
tackle
tack.le
AHD:[t2kl] 
D.J.[6t#k*l]
K.K.[6t#k*l]
n.ʣ
The equipment used in a sport or an occupation, especially in fishing; gear.See Synonyms at equipment 
װһһְҵʹõװָʱʹõߣþ߲μ equipment
[t2kl, t3kl] 
[t2kl, t3kl] 
Nautical 
 
A system of ropes and blocks for raising and lowering weights of rigging and pulleys for applying tension.
ߣʩѹĻɵһϵͳ
A rope and its pulley.
֣װĻ
Football 
 
Either of the two line players on a team positioned between the guard and the end.
ضԱվλںͱ߷֮϶Աеһ
This position.
ڱ߷λ
The act of stopping an opposing player by seizing and throwing the player down.
赲סˤڵֹһԷԱΪ
v.ʣ
tack.led,tack.ling,tack.les 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take on and wrestle with (an opponent or a problem, for example).
ִܣһֻһ⣩ս֮ƴ
Football To seize and throw down (an opposing player).
 סˤһԷԱ
To harness (a horse).

v.intr.Football ﶯʣ 
To seize and throw down an opponent.
סˤһ
?
Middle English takel 
йӢ takel 
from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ; akin to  perhaps akin to Middle Dutch taken [to seize, grasp] 
Դ йźйŵ͵ص    йź taken [סץס] 
?
tackler
n.ʣ

= =
tactics
tac.tics
AHD:[t2kt1ks] 
D.J.[6t#kt!ks]
K.K.[6t#kt!ks]
n.ʣ
(used with a sing. verb)The military science that deals with securing objectives set by strategy, especially the technique of deploying and directing troops, ships, and aircraft in efficient 
maneuvers against an enemy:
뵥ãսоʵսƶĿľ¿ѧָЧز͵ӡͷɻԿ˵ļɺͲԣ
Tactics is a required course at all military academies.
սеľѧԺеһű޿
(used with a pl. verb)Maneuvers used against an enemy:
븴ãս˵Ĳԣ
Guerrilla tactics were employed during most of the war.
λսӦսĴ󲿷ʱ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)A procedure or set of maneuvers engaged in to achieve an end, an aim, or a goal.
뵥ãԣΪﵽһĿĻĿȡһ·߻һײ
?
New Latin tactica 
ִ tactica 
from Greek taktika [from neuter pl. of] taktikos [of order] 
Դ ϣ taktika  [] ԴtaktikosԸ [] 
from taktos [arranged] 
Դ taktos [кõ] 
from tassein  tag- [to arrange] 
Դ tassein  tag- [] 

= =
tag
tag 1
AHD:[t2g] 
D.J.[t#g]
K.K.[t#g]
n.ʣ
A strip of leather, paper, metal, or plastic attached to something or hung from a wearer's neck to identify, classify, or label:
ǩĳϻ߲Ա֤ݡ־СƤֽƬϣ
sale tags on all coats and dresses.
ºͷװϵ۱ǩ
The plastic or metal tip at the end of a shoelace.
ͷЬĩ˵ϻͷ
The contrastingly colored tip of an animal's tail.
ɫβ⣺βಿɫĩ
Sports A bright piece of feather, floss, or tinsel surrounding the shank of the hook on a fishing fly.
˶ ϵë˿Χŵһɫ޵ë廨߻Ƭ
A dirty, matted lock of wool.
һëһġһë
A loose lock of hair.
һɢͷ
A rag; a tatter.
ƲƲ
A small, loose fragment:
ƬϣһСɵĶƬ
I heard only tags and snippets of what was being said.
ֻһЩĻ
An ornamental flourish, especially at the end of a signature.
ʣָǩĩβװԵĻ
A designation or an epithet, especially an unwelcome one:
ƺʣƺָһܻӭĽз
He did not take kindly to the tag of pauper.
ɲϲ˽⵰
A brief quotation used in a discourse to give it an air of erudition or authority:
䣺̸ʹõһ̵Աʹ̸вѧȨζ
Shakespearean tags.
ɯʿǵ
A clich, saw, or similar short, conventional idea used to embellish a discourse:
ǻĵԣΪ˸Ļɫʹõһ¸׻ԻƵļ̶ͳĹ
These tags of wit and wisdom bore me.
Щĸʹᷳ
The refrain or last lines of a song or poem.
ĩβ䣺һ׸һʫĵĩβ
The closing lines of a speech in a play; a cue.
һϷһ̨ʵĩβ仰
Computer Science A label assigned to identify data in memory.
ѧ ǣϴ洢ݵı
Slang A graffito featuring a word or words, especially the author's name, rather than a picture:
ٵ Ϳѻһʶͼһɵı־
Instead of a cursive linear tag, Super Kool painted his name along the exterior of a subway car in huge block pink and yellow letters(Eric Scigliano)
ûаͿһʲݵôطۺͻɫͿһڵ桱(ˡŵ)
v.ʣ
tagged,tag.ging,tags 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To label, identify, or recognize with or as if with a tag:
ӱǩڣΪû·һǩʶʶϳ
I tagged him as a loser.See Synonyms at mark 1
Ϊһʧ߲μ mark1
To put a ticket on (a motor vehicle) for a traffic or parking violation.
Υ´Ʊ̣һΥ˽ͨͣ涨Ʊ
To charge with a crime:
ߣָءĳ
The suspect was tagged for arson.
ɷݻ
To add as an appendage to:
ӣΪһϣ
tagged an extra paragraph on the letter.
ּһλ
To follow closely:

Excited children tagged the circus parade to the end of its route.
˷ܵĺǽϷжֱ·ߵյ
To cut the tags from (sheep).
ȥϾëѾһëӣϼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To follow after; accompany:
ڡ棻ӣ
tagged after me everywhere; insisted on tagging along.
棻ָ
?
Middle English tagge [dangling piece of cloth on a garment] 
йӢ tagge [һ·һƬ] 
[possibly of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
tag
tag 2
AHD:[t2g] 
D.J.[t#g]
K.K.[t#g]
n.ʣ
Games A children's game in which one player pursues the others until he or she is able to touch one of them, who then in turn becomes the pursuer.
Ϸ ׷ϷСһϷһȥ׷ֱܹ׷еһˣϵ˽ֿʼ׷
Baseball The act of putting another player out by touching the player with the ball when he or she is not on base.
 ɱһԱʱӶʹöԱɱֵΪ
Sports The act of touching a player as a substitute for tackling in touch football.
˶ ɱͨһԱ津ʽܱˤΪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tagged,tag.ging,tags 
To touch (another player) in the game of tag.
׷ϷдһμϷߣ
Baseball To touch (a runner) with the ball in order to put that player out.
 ɱһߣʹ䱻ɱ
Sports To touch (the runner) as a substitute for tackling in touch football.
˶ ɱ津ʽеܱˤشߣ
?
tag up 
To return to and touch a base with one foot before running to the next base after a fielder has caught a fly ball.
ɱһҰֽסһ߷һǰܻأһֻŴһ
?
Perhaps variant of Scots tig [touch, tap] 
Ϊ ո tigı [Ļ] 
probably alteration of Middle English tek 
Ϊ йӢ tekı仯 
?
TAG
TAG
abbr.
The Adjutant General.
ָ

= =
tail
tail 1
AHD:[t3l] 
D.J.[te!l]
K.K.[tel]
n.ʣ
The posterior part of an animal, especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body.
βһĺ󲿣ָⲿֳϸ״ɻҪʱ
The bottom, rear, or hindmost part:
ײ˻ĩ˵Ĳ֣
the tail of a shirt.
µ°
The rear end of a wagon or other vehicle.
ĺ󲿣һعߵβ
The rear portion of the fuselage of an aircraft.
βһܷɻĩβ
An assembly of stabilizing planes and control surfaces in this rear portion.
βȶһβȶͿļ
The vaned rear portion of a bomb or missile.
βһöը򵼵ĩβ
An appendage to the rear or bottom of a thing:
βĸĳĩ˻ײĸ
the tail of a kite.
ݵβ
The long luminous stream of gas and dust forced from the head of a comet when it is close to the sun.
βһǾ̫ʱͷβĳķͳ
A braid of hair; a pigtail.
裻
Something that follows or takes the last place:
󲿷֣վ
the tail of a journey.
ó̵󲿷
A train of followers; a retinue.
Աһ׷ߣ
The end of a line of persons or things.
βһ˻Ľβ
The short closing line of certain stanzas of verse.
ʫĶСβ̾䣺ĳЩʫڵĶСβʫ
The refuse or dross remaining from processes such as distilling or milling.
ңƻĥȹķϻ
Printing The bottom of a page; the bottom margin.
ӡˢ עţһҳĵײײĿհ
Often tails (used with a sing. verb)The side of a coin not having the principal design and the date.
  tails 뵥ãӲҲͼڵһ
Informal The trail of a person or an animal in flight.
ʽ ټ˻ʱµټ
Informal A person assigned or employed to follow and report on someone else's movements and actions:
ʽ ߣָɻӶٲһжˣ
The police put a tail on the suspected drug dealer.
ȥɵĶ
tails 
 tails 
A formal evening costume typically worn by men.
ҪӴһʽװ
A swallow-tailed coat.
β
Slang The buttocks.
ٵ ƨ
Vulgar Slang A sexual partner, especially a woman or girl.
 ٵ ԰£Ի飬ָһŮӻŮ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to a tail or tails:
βģڻβͻβģ
tail feathers.
β
Situated in the tail, as of an airplane:
λڻβģβģڷɻϵģ
a tail gunner.
β
v.ʣ
tailed,tail.ing,tails 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with a tail:
һβͣ
tail a kite.
ϵһβ
To deprive of a tail; dock.
ȥβͣβ
To serve as the tail of:
λں棺
The Santa Claus float tailed the parade.
ʥ˻жĺ
To connect (often dissimilar or incongruous objects) by or as if by the tail or end:
νӣβĩ˻·βδ˽ǲƻݵ壩
tail two ideas together.
뷨
Architecture To set one end of (a beam, board, or brick) into a wall.
ѧ ǶһһľשһǶǽ
Informal To follow and keep under surveillance.
ʽ ңٲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lengthened or spaced when moving in a line:
鵥нʱ
The patrol tailed out in pairs.
ɢ
Architecture To be inserted at one end into a wall, as a floor timber or beam.
ѧ Ƕϣϣһ˱Ƕǽڣ̵ذľϻ
Informal To follow:
ʽ 棺
tailed after the leader.
쵼
Nautical 
 
To go aground with the stern foremost.
βǰشת
To lie or swing with the stern in a named direction, as when riding at anchor or on a mooring.
βĳһͣβָͣҡڣ紬ֻêͣϵʱ
?
tail down
To ease a heavy load down a steep slope.
ﻺ¶
tail off  
tail away
To diminish gradually; dwindle or subside:
ʧС
The fireworks tailed off into darkness.
̻ҹʧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?gel 
Դ Ӣ t?gel 
?
tailless
adj.ݴʣ
?
tail
tail 2
AHD:[t3l] ɡ 
D.J.[te!l]
K.K.[tel]
n.ʣ
Limitation of the inheritance of an estate to a particular party.
ü̳Уһݲҵļ̳Ȩضһ
adj.Law ݴʣɡ 
Being in tail:
ü̳еģ
a tail estate.
һü̳вҵ
?
Middle English taille 
йӢ taille 
from Old French [division] 
Դ ŷ [ָ] 
from taillier [to cut] * see  tailor 
Դ taillier [и] *μ tailor

= =
tailor
tai.lor
AHD:[t3lr] 
D.J.[6te!l*]
K.K.[6tel+]
n.Abbr. tlr.ʣд tlr.
One that makes, repairs, and alters garments such as suits, coats, and dresses.
÷죺첹޸ºŮ
v.ʣ
tai.lored,tai.lor.ing,tai.lors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (a garment), especially to specific requirements or measurements.
ƣһ·ָҪߴ
To fit or provide (a person) with clothes made to that person's measurements.
һˣԴṩĳߴ·
To make, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose:
ΪĳһضĿĻĿ޸Ļ
a speech that was tailored to an audience of business leaders.
޸ĳʺҵ쵼ݽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pursue the trade of a tailor.
²÷һְҵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman taillour 
Դ Ӣ taillour 
from Old French tailleor 
Դ ŷ tailleor 
from taillier [to cut] 
Դ taillier [и] 
from Late Latin t33re} 
Դ  t33re} 
from Latin t3a [a cutting] 
Դ  t3a [һп] 

= =
tale
tale
AHD:[t3l] 
D.J.[te!l]
K.K.[tel]
n.ʣ
A recital of events or happenings; a report or revelation:
£¼Ľ¶
told us a long tale of woe.
ǽһʷ
A malicious story, piece of gossip, or petty complaint.
һĹ¡һԹ
A deliberate lie; a falsehood.
һıĻԣʵ֮
A narrative of real or imaginary events; a story.
ʵĻе¼Ľ
Archaic A tally or reckoning; a total.
 㣻ܼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English talu * see  del- 2
Դ Ӣ talu *μ del- 2

= =
talent
tal.ent
AHD:[t2lnt] 
D.J.[6t#l*nt]
K.K.[6t#l*nt]
n.ʣ
A marked innate ability, as for artistic accomplishment.See Synonyms at ability 
֣ϲμ ability
Natural endowment or ability of a superior quality.
ţеĳȺֻ
A person or group of people having such ability:
ţĸ˻Ⱥ壺
The company makes good use of its talent.
ù˾ܺõطڲ˲ŵ
A variable unit of weight and money used in ancient Greece, Rome, and the Middle East.
أʹڹŴϣжһֿɱͻҵλ
?
Middle English [inclination, disposition] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin 
Դ  
from Latin [balance, sum of money] 
Դ  [ƽ⣬ǮĿ] 
from Greek talanton * see  tel- 
Դ ϣ talanton *μ tel- 
Sense 3, Middle English 
3 йӢ 
from Old English talente 
Դ Ӣ talente 
from Latin talenta [pl. of] talentum 
Դ  talenta  [] talentumĸ 
from Greek talanton 
Դ ϣ talanton 
?
talented
adj.ݴʣ
talentless
adj.ݴʣ
talentlessness
n.ʣ

= =
talk
talk
AHD:[t?k] 
D.J.[t%8k]
K.K.[t%k]
v.ʣ
talked,talk.ing,talks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To articulate (words):
˵
The baby is talking sentences now.
Ӥ˵ž
To give expression to in words:
ô
talk treason.

To speak of or discuss (something):
̸ۻۣĳ
talk music; talk business.
̸̸֣ҵ
To speak or know how to speak in (an idiom or a language):
ĳԱãһϰ÷һ˵֪˵
talked French with the flight crew.
÷ͻԱ̸
To gain, influence, or bring into a specified state by talking:
˵ͨ˵ӮáӰʹĳһض״̬
talked me into coming; talked their way out of trouble.
˵ҽ
To spend (a period of time) by or as if by talking:
̸ʱ䣺˵·˵򷢣һʱ䣩
talked the evening away.
̸жȹ˰ʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To converse by means of spoken language:
̸ͨ˼룺
We talked for hours.See Synonyms at speak 
̸˼ͷμ speak
To articulate words:
˵
The baby can talk.
Ӥ˵
To imitate the sounds of human speech:
ģ˵
The parrot talks.
Ļ˵
To express one's thoughts or emotions by means of spoken language:
̸ۣͨԼ˼У
talked about the pros and cons of the issue.
̸һе
To convey one's thoughts in a way other than by spoken words:
˵ʽԼ˼룺
talk with one's hands.

To express one's thoughts in writing:
ʽԼĹ۵㣺
Voltaire talks about London in this book.
̩Ȿ̸׶صĿ
To parley or negotiate with someone:
飬Э̣ĳ̸̸У
Let's talk before continuing to fight.
ڼսǰ̸һ̸
To spread rumors; gossip:
ɢҥԣ̸
If you do that, people will talk.
ôͻ˿ʵ
To allude to something:
ἰĳ
Are you talking about last week?
˵ϸڵ?
To consult or confer with someone:
̸ĳ˽̸ĳѯ
I talked with the doctor.
Һҽ̸
To reveal information concerning oneself or others, especially under pressure:
¶Լ˵Ϣָѹ£
Has the prisoner talked?
Ǹﷸ?
Informal To be efficacious:
ʽ Ч
Money talks.
Ǯʹĥ
n.ʣ
An exchange of ideas or opinions; a conversation.
̸۵ĽԻ
A speech or lecture.
ݽ
Hearsay, rumor, or speculation:
šҥԻ²⣺
There is talk of bankruptcy.
д˵ҪƲ
A subject of conversation:
̸Ŀ
a musical that is the talk of the town.
ΪǵۻһƬ
Often talks A conference or negotiation:
  talks 飬̸У
peace talks.
̸
Jargon; slang:
ڻٵ
prison talk.
ﷸ˼õ
Empty speech or unnecessary discussion:
ջҪۣ
much talk and no action.
һѿջʵж
A particular manner of speech:
̸ʽ
baby talk; honeyed talk.
Ӥʽ̸
Something, such as the sounds of animals, felt to resemble human talk:
﷢Ϊ̸ĳ綯
whale talk.

?
talk around
To persuade:
Ȱ˵
I talked them around to my point of view.
˵ǽҵĹ۵
To speak indirectly about something:
ӵ̸ĳ£
talked around the subject but never got to the point.
ֻǸ϶ȦӶû˵
talk at
To address someone orally with no regard for or interest in the person's reaction or response.
ֱӱ˵ķӦͷ϶ĳ˽䷴ӦӦûȤ
talk back
To make an impertinent reply:
죺Ļش
a saucy child who talked back.
˶ĵƤС
To make a belligerent response:
ķӦ
heavy guns talking back.
ڻڷŭػ
talk down
To depreciate:
ͣ
talked down the importance of the move.
һжҪ
To address someone with insulting condescension:
ԾӸµĿ˵ôԵ̬ĳ̸
talked down to her subordinates.
Ӹµ¼˵
To silence (a person), especially by speaking in a loud and domineering manner.
ϲĴѹʹĳˣָͨػ򲻿˵ﵽһĿ
To direct and control (the flight of an aircraft during an approach for landing) by radioed instructions either from the ground or a nearby aircraft.
ߵͨͨ½ϵĻ򸽽һܷɻϵߵָͿƣ½һܷɻķУ
talk out
To discuss (a matter) exhaustively:
꾡ۣĳ£
I talked out the problem with a therapist.
Һһλҩʦ꾡̸һ
To resolve or settle by discussion.
ͨ
Chiefly British To block (proposed legislation) by filibustering.
Ӣ ˵߳˵ӣһ鰸
talk over
To consider thoroughly in conversation; discuss:
͸ۣڶԻ͸ؿǣۣ
talked the matter over.
꾡̽һ
To win (someone) over by persuasion:
˵Ȱ˵ͨȰ˵Ӯãĳˣ
talked them over to our side.
˵֧
talk up
To speak in favor of; promote:
ԡĻ
talked the candidate up; talked up the new product.
Ϊѡ˵û²Ʒ
To speak up in a frank, often insolent manner.
ֱԲľǺ޳ܵķʽ˵
?
talk bigʽ
To brag.
ţ
talk sense
To speak rationally and coherently.
ǵغؽ
?
Middle English talken * see  del- 2
йӢ talken *μ del- 2

= =
tall
tall
AHD:[t?l] 
D.J.[t%8l]
K.K.[t%l]
adj.ݴʣ
tall.er,tall.est 
Having greater than ordinary height:
ߵģгһ߶ȵģ
a tall woman.
һ߸Ů
Having considerable height, especially in relation to width; lofty:
ߵģ൱߶ȵģָͿԶԣʵģ
tall trees.See Synonyms at high 
ߴľμ high
Having a specified height:
ĳһض߶ȵģ
a plant three feet tall.
һӢ߸ߵֲ
Informal Fanciful or exaggerated; boastful:
ʽ ԵĻŵģţģ
tall tales of heroic exploits.
Ӣ¼ĻĵĹ
Impressively great or difficult:
ʮ־޴ѵģ
a tall order to fill.
һɵ
Archaic Excellent; fine.
 ģ
adv.ʣ
With proud bearing; straight:
Ž̬أֱͦأ
stand tall.
վñֱ
?
Middle English [brave, quick] 
йӢ [¸ҵģ] 
from Old English get?l [swift] * see  del- 2
Դ Ӣ get?l [Ѹݵ] *μ del- 2
?
tallish
adj.ݴʣ
tallness
n.ʣ

= =
tame
tame
AHD:[t3m] 
D.J.[te!m]
K.K.[tem]
adj.ݴʣ
tam.er,tam.est 
Brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable state.
ѱģҰ״̬һѱĻ˳״̬
Naturally unafraid; not timid:
Ͳµģģ
The sea otter is gentle and relatively tame(Peter Matthiessen)
̡ºͲ˵ˡ(˵áٶɭ)
Submissive; docile; fawning:
ӵģģеģ
tame obedience.
е˳
Insipid; flat:
﷦ζģƽģ
a tame Christmas party.
ƽζʥۻ
Sluggish; languid; inactive:
ģģԾģ
a tame river.
һĺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tamed,tam.ing,tames 
To make tractable; domesticate.
ʹ˳ѱ
To subdue or curb.
ѹƻ
To tone down; soften.
ʹͣʹʧȥâ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tam * see  dem- 
Դ Ӣ tam *μ dem- 
?
tamable  
tameable
adj.ݴʣ
tamely
adv.ʣ
tameness
n.ʣ
tamer
n.ʣ

= =
tan
tan 1
AHD:[t2n] 
D.J.[t#n]
K.K.[t#n]
v.ʣ
tanned,tan.ning,tans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convert (hide) into leather, as by treating with tannin.
ƤΪƤͨõ
To make brown by exposure to the sun.
ɹڣɹɺɫ
Informal To thrash; beat.
ʽ ᣻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become brown or tawny from exposure to sun.
ɹڣ̫³Ϊɫƺɫ
n.ʣ
Color A light or moderate yellowish brown to brownish orange.
ɫʡ ػɫǳƺɫʹЩɫĳɫ֮ɫ
The brown color that sun rays impart to the skin.
ͭɫʹƤеĺɫ
Tanbark.
Ƹ
Tannin.

A solution derived from tannin.
Һ
adj.ݴʣ
tan.ner,tan.nest 
Color Light or moderate yellowish-brown to brownish-orange.
ɫʡ ػɫģǳƺɫʹЩɫĳɫ֮ɫ
Having a suntan.
Ƥɹڵ
Used in or relating to tanning.
ȥƤģƸģƤʹõĻƤ
?
Middle English tannen 
йӢ tannen 
from Old English *tannian 
Դ Ӣ *tannian 
from Medieval Latin tann3e 
Դ  tann3e 
from tannum [tanbark] 
Դ tannum [Ƥ] 
[probably of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
tannish
adj.ݴʣ
?
tan
tan 2
abbr.Mathematics ѧ 
 Tangent. 
Tangent.
?
Tan
Tan
AHD:[t2n] 
D.J.[t#n]
K.K.[t#n]
n.ʣ
 Tan  Tans  
See  Tanka 
μ  Tanka

= =
tangle
tangle 1
AHD:[t2nggl] 
D.J.[6t#0g*l]
K.K.[6t#0g*l]
v.ʣ
tan.gled,tan.gling,tan.gles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To mix together or intertwine in a confused mass; snarl.
ʹңʹףɻŤһţʹ
To involve in hampering or awkward complications; entangle.
ʹᣬʹ롭ľʹӵĻѿľУʹ
To catch and hold in or as if in a net; entrap.See Synonyms at catch 
ʹ룬л·вݾμ catch
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become entangled.
᣺һþһ
Informal To enter into argument, dispute, or conflict:
ʽ μӱִۡͻ
tangled with the law.
ɾ
n.ʣ
A confused, intertwined mass.
ףһһ
A jumbled or confused state or condition.
ңңһԻ״̬
A state of bewilderment.
ҵ״̬
Informal An argument or altercation.
ʽ ۣ
?
Middle English tangilen [to involve in an embarrassing situation] 
йӢ tangilen [ʹһε] 
variant of tagilen 
 tagilenı 
[probably of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Swedish dialectal taggla [to entangle] 
[Դ˹ά]   ䷽ taggla [ʹ] 
?
tangly
adj.ݴʣ
?
tangle
tangle 2
AHD:[t2nggl] 
D.J.[6t#0g*l]
K.K.[6t#0g*l]
n.ʣ
A large seaweed of the genusLaminaria.  
ݣһ Ĵͺ 
?
[Of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse th?ngull [seaweed] 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά th?ngull [] 

= =
tank
tank
AHD:[t2ngk] 
D.J.[t#0k]
K.K.[t#0k]
n.ʣ
A large, often metallic container for holding or storing liquids or gases.
䣺ɻ򴢴Һܴġǽ
The amount that this container can hold:
һ䣺ɵ
buy a tank of gas.
һ
A usually artificial pool, pond, reservoir, or cistern, especially one used to hold water for drinking or for irrigation.
ˮأͨ˹ɵˮءˮˮˮ䣬ָʢˮˮ
An enclosed, heavily armored combat vehicle that is mounted with cannon and guns and moves on caterpillar treads.
̹ˣһַʽкװ׷սװдںͻǹĴн
Slang A jail or jail cell.
ٵ η
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tanked,tank.ing,tanks 
To place, store, or process in a tank.
һˮзáӹ
?
tank up
Slang To drink to the point of intoxication.
ٵ ĳ̶
To fill the tank of a motor vehicle with gasoline.
ͣװһ
?
Partly from Gujarati t3h [cistern]  from Sanskrit ta?3ga?} [pond]  [perhaps of Dravidian origin] 
Դ ż t3h [ˮ]  Դ  ta?3ga?} []  [Դڴݱ] 
and partly from Portuguese tanque [reservoir]  variant of estanque  from estancar [to dam up]  from Vulgar Latin *stantic3e * see  stanch 1
ҲԴ  tanque []   estanqueı  Դ estancar [ס]  Դ  *stantic3e *μ stanch1
?
tankful
AHD:[-f?l] ʣ
tankless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tap
tap 1
AHD:[t2p] 
D.J.[t#p]
K.K.[t#p]
v.ʣ
tapped,tap.ping,taps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike gently with a light blow or blows:
ģֺ͵ػ
I tapped you on the shoulder to get your attention.
ļע
To give a light rap with:
áã
tap a pencil.
Ǧ
To produce with a succession of light blows:
ôһ
tap out a rhythm.
ôһֽ
To select, as for membership in an organization; designate.See Synonyms at appoint 
ѡɸѡѡΪʹ֮Ϊһ֯ĳԱָμ appoint
To repair (shoe heels or toes) by applying a thin layer of leather or a substitute material.
ЬףЬƣһ㱡ƤһĲ޲Ьͽż⴦
To attach metal plates to (shoe toes or heels).
ЬƣƬڣЬĽֺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deliver a gentle, light blow or blows.
ߵ͵ֺû
To walk making light clicks.
ߣžžյ·
n.ʣ
A gentle blow.
ģֺû
The sound made by such a blow.
û
A thin layer of leather or a substitute applied to a worn-down shoe heel or toe.
Ьףڴ˵ЬЬƴһƤһ
A metal plate attached to the toe or heel of a shoe, as for tap-dancing.
Ь׵ƤһֻЬĽźƴһƬΪֽ̤Ƭ
?
Middle English tappen 
йӢ tappen 
possibly from Old French taper 
Դ ŷ taper 
?
tap
tap 2
AHD:[t2p] 
D.J.[t#p]
K.K.[t#p]
n.ʣ
A valve and spout used to regulate delivery of a fluid at the end of a pipe.
ͷһܵĩҺһź
A plug for a bunghole; a spigot.
˨ӣͰ۵ӣ˨
Liquor drawn from a spigot.
˨ųľ
Liquor of a particular brew, cask, or quality.
ƵƷʣĳһض켼Ͱľ
Medicine The removal of fluid from a body cavity:
ҽѧ ˮҺĳһǻгȥ
a spinal tap.
鼹׵Һ
A tool for cutting an internal screw thread.
˿ģ̳ߵһֹ
A makeshift terminal in an electric circuit.
֧ߣ߽Ӵһ·ʱն
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tapped,tap.ping,taps 
To furnish with a spigot or tap.
װͷʹһ˨ͷ
To pierce in order to draw off liquid:
Һ̴ԱгҺ壺
tap a maple tree.
һ÷ȡ֭
To draw (liquid) from a vessel or container:
һгҺ壩
tap a new keg of beer.
ͷֽһơ
Medicine To withdraw fluid from (a body cavity).
ҽѧ ӡӣǻУҺ
To make a connection with or open outlets from:
롭ӻڡϿһӣ
tap a water main.
ˮϿһС
To wiretap (a telephone).
绰
To establish an electric connection in (a power line), as to divert current secretly.
ߣ͵磺루һߣᣬ͵
To cut screw threads in (a collar, socket, or other fitting).
ƣڣ׹ܡͷ㲿̳
Informal To ask (a person) for money.
ʽ ֣һˣҪǮ
?
on tap
Ready to be drawn; in a tapped cask:
׼ñȡģʢһֻͷ˨ľͰеģ
beer on tap.
ʢڴͷľͰеơ
Available for immediate use; ready:
̿ʹõģ׼õģ
extra personnel on tap.
ڴ״̬ıԱ
?
Middle English tappe 
йӢ tappe 
from Old English t?ppa 
Դ Ӣ t?ppa 

= =
tape
tape
AHD:[t3p] 
D.J.[te!p]
K.K.[tep]
n.ʣ
A narrow strip of strong woven fabric, as that used in sewing or bookbinding.
ӣһʵؼ͵֯ɵĴ״ڷһ鼮װе
A continuous narrow, flexible strip of cloth, metal, paper, or plastic, such as adhesive tape, magnetic tape, or ticker tape.
Ŵһɲֽɵխʹӣ罺ŴԶ籨õֽ
A string stretched across the finish line of a racetrack to be broken by the winner.
յߣһܵյϵȺʤ̵߳һϸ
A tape recording.
Ŵ¼
v.ʣ
taped,tap.ing,tapes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten, secure, strengthen, or wrap with a tape.
һӸΡϵסǿ
To bind together (the sections of a book) by applying strips of tape to.
װôӰѣһĸ֣һ
To measure with a tape measure.
þ߲
To record sounds or pictures on magnetic tape.
¼¼ڴŴϼ¼ͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a recording on magnetic tape.
¼ƣһδŴ¼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?ppe 
Դ Ӣ t?ppe 
?
tapeable
adj.ݴʣ
tapeless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tar
tar 1
AHD:[t?r] 
D.J.[t$8]
K.K.[t$r]
n.ʣ
A dark, oily, viscous material, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, produced by the destructive distillation of organic substances such as wood, coal, or peat.
ͣһֺɫ״ʣҪ̼⻯ͨлʣľġú̿̿иƵ
Coal tar.

A solid residue of tobacco smoke containing byproducts of combustion.
Ŷһ̲ݲ̵Ĺȼչ̵ĸƷ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tarred,tar.ring,tars 
To coat with or as if with tar.
ýͣͣ·ýͣͣ
?
tar and feather
To punish (a person) by covering with tar and feathers.
ͨճϰͺëͷһˣ
To criticize severely and devastatingly; excoriate.
غʹԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English teru * see  deru- 
Դ Ӣ teru *μ deru- 
?
tar
tar 2
AHD:[t?r] 
D.J.[t$8]
K.K.[t$r]
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A sailor.
ˮ
?
Possibly short for tarpaulin 
Ϊ tarpaulinļд

= =
target
tar.get
AHD:[t?rg1t] 
D.J.[6t$8g!t]
K.K.[6t$rg!t]
n.Abbr. tgt.ʣд tgt.
An object, such as a padded disk with a marked surface, that is shot at to test accuracy in rifle or archery practice.
ӣ׼Լǹ׼ȷȵ壬һп̶ȵıļӵԲƬ
Something aimed or fired at.
Ŀ꣺׼ĳ
An object of criticism or attack.
򹥻Ŀ
One to be influenced or changed by an action or event.
Ӱˣһж¼Ӱı˻
A desired goal.
ĿģﵽĿ
A railroad signal that indicates the position of a switch by its color, position, and shape.
źԲƣһ·ϵͳʹõı־ͨɫλú״ʾһλ
The sliding sight on a surveyor's leveling rod.
壺ˮ׼ϵĻ۲
A small, round shield.
СԲĻ
A structure in a television camera tube with a storage surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output current similar to the charge-density pattern stored on the 
surface.
е缫еһֽṹ汻һɨܲñϴ洢ĵܶȷʽƵһźŲ
A usually metal part in an x-ray tube on which a beam of electrons is focused and from which x-rays are emitted.
X߰УX߹ͨΪĲ֣òֱһ׼ͷųX
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a target group; a target market.
ĿȺĿг
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tar.get.ed,tar.get.ing,tar.gets 
To make a target of.
ѡΪĿ
To aim at or for.
׼ԡΪĿ
To establish as a target or goal.
ѡȷΪӻĿ
?
on target
Completely accurate, precise, or valid:
Ҫģ׼ȷģȫ׼ȷġȷĻЧģ
observations that were right on target.
һѪҪĻ
?
Middle English [small targe] 
йӢ [СԲ] 
from Old French targuete 
Դ ŷ targuete 
variant of targete [diminutive of] targe [light shield] 
 targeteı  [] targeС׺ [] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[ԴĿ] 

= =
tariff
tar.iff
AHD:[t2r1f] 
D.J.[6t#r!f]
K.K.[6t#r!f]
n.ʣ
A list or system of duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.
˰һڻڵƷյ˰ıƶ
Duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.
˰һڻڵƷյһ˰
A schedule of prices or fees.
۸շѵı
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tar.iffed,tar.iff.ing,tar.iffs 
To fix a duty or price on.
ȷ˰۸
?
Italian tariffa 
 tariffa 
from Old Italian 
Դ  
from Arabic ta'rof [notification] 
Դ  ta'rof [֪ͨ] 
from 'arafa [to know] 
Դ 'arafa [֪] 

= =
task
task
AHD:[t2sk] 
D.J.[t#sk]
K.K.[t#sk]
n.ʣ
A piece of work assigned or done as part of one's duties.
񣺱ɸĳΪְһֵĹΪĳְһɵĹ
A difficult or tedious undertaking.
£ѵĹһ޵Ļ﷦ζ
A function to be performed; an objective.
Ŀ꣺ӦеְĿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tasked,task.ing,tasks 
To assign a task to or impose a task on.
ʹе
To overburden with labor; tax.
ʹۣʹ
?
take to task 
call to task  
bring to task
To reprimand or censure.
ָ𣬷
?
Middle English taske [imposed work, tax] 
йӢ taske [Ĺ˰] 
from Old North French tasque 
Դ ŷ tasque 
from Vulgar Latin *tasca 
Դ  *tasca 
alteration of *taxa 
 *taxaı仯 
from Latin tax3e [to feel, reproach, reckon] * see  tax 
Դ  tax3e [оӽ] *μ tax
?
task,job,chore,stint,assignment
These nouns denote a piece of work that one must do.Atask  is a well-defined responsibility that is usually imposed by another and that may be burdensome:  
Щָһ˱һݹTask ͨһ˼ִϵһȷΣпʮַصģ  
A man ought to read just as inclination leads him;for what he reads as a task will do him little good  (Samuel Johnson).
һӦȥĶΪһĶС  ѶԼѷ
 Job   often suggests a specific short-term undertaking: 
 Job  ָĳһضĶ 
did little jobs about the house with skill (W.H. Auden).
ڷݵظɵС (WHµǣ
 Chore   generally denotes a minor, routine, or odd job: 
 Chore  ָͨһСճӵĻ 
The farmer's morning chores included cleaning the stables and milking the cows.
ũҪɵӻɨǺ͸ţ̡
Stint   refers to a person's prescribed share of work: 
Stint  ָһ˰涨ֵһݹ 
Her stint as a lifeguard usually consumes three hours a day.
ԱÿͨСʱ
Assignment   generally denotes a task allotted by a person in authority: 
Assignment  ָͨ˾ɵ 
The reporter's assignment was to attend the trial and interview the principals at its conclusion. 
λߵǳϯôвнɷñʵļ 

= =
taste
taste
AHD:[t3st] 
D.J.[te!st]
K.K.[test]
v.ʣ
tast.ed,tast.ing,tastes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To distinguish the flavor of by taking into the mouth.
Ʒͨѡζ
To eat or drink a small quantity of.
ǳԻġ
To partake of, especially for the first time; experience.
ԣ룬ָһΣ
To perceive as if by the sense of taste.
ζ·ͨζ֪
Archaic To appreciate or enjoy.
 ͣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To distinguish flavors in the mouth.
Ʒڿбζ
To have a distinct flavor:
ĳһرζ
The stew tastes salty.
Ⳣ
To eat or drink a small amount.
Գһ£Ի
To have experience or enjoyment; partake:
飬ܣõܣ룺
tasted of the life of the very rich.
ܸ˼ҵ
n.ʣ
The sense that distinguishes the sweet, sour, salty, and bitter qualities of dissolved substances in contact with the taste buds on the tongue.
ζӴͷζϵܻʵᡢ̺Ϳʵĸо
This sense in combination with the senses of smell and touch, which together receive a sensation of a substance in the mouth.
ζУʹһָо߹ͬÿǻڵһʵĸо
The sensation of sweet, sour, salty, or bitter qualities produced by or as if by a substance placed in the mouth.
ζڿǻеĻ·ڿǻеһᡢ̻ȸо
The unified sensation produced by any of these qualities plus a distinct smell and texture; flavor.
ζЩеκһּĳһرζʵĺһĸоζ
A distinctive perception as if by the sense of taste:
֪·ͨζõĳرо
an experience that left a bad taste in my mouth.
һһͲľ
The act of tasting.
ƷƷĶ
A small quantity eaten or tasted.
ԻƷ
A limited or first experience; a sample:
ԣ飺޵Ļεľ
Thousands entered the war, got just a taste of it, and then stepped out(Mark Twain)
ǧƵͶսڽʶսĲп֮ϳ(ˡ)
A personal preference or liking:
Ⱥã˵ƫûϲã
a taste for adventure.
ð
The faculty of discerning what is aesthetically excellent or appropriate.
ѧϺܳɫĻʵ
A manner indicative of the quality of such discernment:
Ʒζֳһּķʽ
a room furnished with superb taste.
Ҿ߰ŵķ
The sense of what is proper, seemly, or least likely to give offense in a given social situation.
壺һض罻кΪ塢ʵĻٲð˵һʶ
A manner indicative of the quality of this sense.
Ϊ̸£壬񣺱ֳʶƷʵһַʽ
Obsolete The act of testing; trial.
 Ϊ
?
Middle English tasten [to touch, taste] 
йӢ tasten [ӴƷ] 
from Old French taster 
Դ ŷ taster 
from Vulgar Latin *tast3e 
Դ  *tast3e 
probably alteration of Latin *tax3e [probably frequentative of] tangere [to touch] * see  tag- 
Ϊ  *tax3  [] tangereظ [Ӵ] *μ tag- 
?
tastable
adj.ݴʣ
?
taste,flavor,relish,savor,smack,tang
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a quality that can be perceived by the gustatory sense: 
Щʹе˼ǡͨζ֪һʡ 
the salty taste of anchovies;
βζ
the pungent flavor of garlic;
ǿҴ̱ǵζ
the aromatic relish of freshly brewed coffee;
õĿȵŨ㣻
the savor of rich chocolate;
֬ɿζ
the spicy smack of curry sauce;
ɳ˾ζ
the fresh tang of lemonade. See also Synonyms at  culture ,experience 
ʵζ μͬ culture,experience

= =
tax
tax
AHD:[t2ks] 
D.J.[t#ks]
K.K.[t#ks]
n.ʣ
A contribution for the support of a government required of persons, groups, or businesses within the domain of that government.
˰Ҫͳµˡ̵Ϊ֧ɵľ
A fee or dues levied on the members of an organization to meet its expenses.
ѣһΪ֧ķöԱյĻѻӦ
A burdensome or excessive demand; a strain.
ظԸĻȵҪ󣻹ȵʹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
taxed,tax.ing,tax.es 
To place a tax on (income, property, or goods).
ԡ˰ԣ룬ƲƷ˰
To exact a tax from.
ǿʹ֧˰
Law To assess (court costs, for example).
ɡ ȷȷϷã
To make difficult or excessive demands upon:
ʹصԡѵĻֵҪ
a boss who taxed everyone's patience.
ķÿ˵ϰ
To make a charge against; accuse:
ָأָ
He was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed.
ָûԼڳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from taxen [to tax] 
Դ taxen [˰] 
from Old French taxer 
Դ ŷ taxer 
from Medieval Latin tax3e 
Դ  tax3e 
from Latin [to touch, reproach, reckon] [frequentative of] tangere [to touch] * see  tag- 
Դ  [𱸣]  [] tangereظ [Ӵ] *μ tag- 
?
taxer
n.ʣ

= =
taxi
tax.i
AHD:[t2ks?] 
D.J.[6t#ksi8]
K.K.[6t#ksi]
n.ʣ
 tax.is  tax.ies  
A taxicab.

v.ʣ
tax.ied[t2ks?d] tax.i.ing  tax.y.ing tax.ies  tax.is [t2ks?z]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be transported by taxi.
˳⳵
To move slowly on the ground or on the surface of the water before takeoff or after landing:
Уǰڵˮϻƶ
an airplane taxiing down the runway.
ܵϻеķɻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport (someone or something) by or as if by taxi:
ó⳵ͣóóͣ˻
taxied the children to dance class; taxi documents to a law office.
óͶͯȥ赸Σóļ͵ʦ
To cause (an aircraft) to taxi.
ʹɻ
?
Short for taximeter 
 taximeterļд
or taxicab 
 taxicab
?
Taxi is much easier to yell into the traffic thantaximeter cabriolet,  the form from which taxi  has ultimately been shortened. Taximeter  comes from the French word taximtre,  
ultimately derived from Medieval Latintax3,  to tax, and the French combining form -metre. Taximtre originally meant, as did its English companion, a device for measuring 
distance traveled, but this device was soon adapted to measure waiting time and compute and indicate the fare as well.Taximeter,  first recorded in English in 1898 (an earlier form, 
taxameter,  borrowed through French from German, was recorded in 1894), joined forces withcab,  a shortening (1827) of cabriolet,  a two-wheeled, one-horse carriage. This word, 
first found in English in 1766,came from Frenchcabriolet,  of the same meaning, which in turn was derived fromcabriole,  caper, because the vehicle moves along with a springing 
motion.Cab,  the shortened form, was applied to other vehicles as well, including eventually public conveyances.Fitted with a taximeter, such a vehicle,first horse-drawn and then 
motorized,was known as ataxameter cab  (1899), a taximeter cab  (1907), and a taxicab  (1907), among other names, includingtaxi  (1907), a shortening of eithertaximeter  or taxicab.  
Interestingly enough,the fullest form possible,taximeter cabriolet,  is not recorded until 1959.
Taxitaximeter cabriolet д taxi ʽڽͨнг Taximeter Դڷ taximtre  taxare ˰ͷ︴ʽ -
metre TaximtreӢͬһΪʻ豸 һ豸ܿʺڲȴʱ䲢ʾѡTaximeter Ӣ״μ1898꣨
ʽ taxameter Ǵӵͨģ1894꣩ ͬcabriolet һ˫˫дʽ(1827꣩ cab ϡ һ1766Ӣз֣
Դھͬһ˼ķcabriolet  Դcabride Ծ ΪֳƶʱԾ˶дʽcab ĳ յĹ乤
װԶƷĳʼģװtaxameter cab (1899꣩ taximeter cab (1907꣩ taxicab (1901꣩ аtaxi (1907꣩
 taximeter  taxicab дʽ ǳȤǣȫʽtaximeter cabriolet  ֱ1959м

= =
tea
tea
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[ti8]
K.K.[ti]
n.ʣ
An eastern Asian evergreen shrub or small tree(Camellia sinensis)  having fragrant, nodding, cup-shaped white flowers and glossy leaves. 
зʹı״׻йҶĳ̹ľС ƣ  
The young, dried leaves of this plant, prepared by various processes and used to make a hot beverage.
Ҷ۵ĸҶּͨӹ
An aromatic, slightly bitter beverage made by steeping tea leaves in boiling water.
裺ͨҶڷˮƳɵζ΢
Any of various beverages, made as by steeping the leaves of certain plants or by extracting an infusion especially from beef.
ϵκһ֣ͨĳֲҶͨȡţĽҺƳɵĽ
Any of various plants having leaves used to make a tealike beverage.
Ҷڲϵĸֲκһ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
An afternoon refreshment consisting usually of sandwiches and cakes served with tea.
裺ȵİκ͵
High tea.
ʽ
An afternoon reception or social gathering at which tea is served.
᣺Ӧд罻ۻ
Slang Marijuana.
ٵ 
?
Probably Dutch thee 
Ϊ  thee 
from Malay teh 
Դ  teh 
from Chinese (Amoy) te 
Դ Ż te 

= =
teach
teach
AHD:[t?ch] 
D.J.[ti8t.]
K.K.[tit.]
v.ʣ
taught[t?t] teach.ing,teach.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To impart knowledge or skill to:
̣򡭴֪ʶ
teaches children.
̶ͯ
To provide knowledge of; instruct in:
̣ṩ֪ʶ̣
teaches French.
̷
To condition to a certain action or frame of mind:
ѵ̵ʹӦضΪ״̬
teaching youngsters to be self-reliant.
̵
To cause to learn by example or experience:
ʹͨѧϰ
an accident that taught me a valuable lesson.
¹ʸһмֵĽѵ
To advocate or preach:
ᳫ
teaches racial and religious tolerance.
ĺڽ̵Ŀ
To carry on instruction on a regular basis in:
ִڣڶڵĻʵʩ
taught high school for many years.
ѧ̶ִ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give instruction, especially as an occupation.
飺ָΪһְҵ
?
Middle English techen 
йӢ techen 
from Old English t?n * see  deik- 
Դ Ӣ t?n *μ deik- 
?
teach,instruct,educate,train,school,discipline,drill
These verbs mean to impart knowledge or skill.
ЩΪ֪ʶ
 Teach   is the most widely applicable: 
 Teach  Ӧ㷺 
teaching a child the alphabet;
һͯĸ
teaches political science.
ѧ
We shouldn't teach great books;we should teach a love of reading  (B.F. Skinner).
 ǲӦý̫鼮Ӧý̵Ȱ顱 (B.F.˹ɣ
 Instruct   usually suggests methodical teaching: 
 Instruct  ͨʾзĽ 
A graduate student instructed the freshmen in the rudiments of music theory.
һо۵Ļԭ
Educate   often implies formal instruction but especially stresses the development of innate capacities that leads to wide cultivation: 
Educate  ָʽĽرǿһĽķչ 
All educated Americans, first or last, go to Europe  (Ralph Waldo Emerson).
 ܹˣһһǰŷޡ  ֶࡤĬ
 Train   suggests concentration on particular skills intended to fit a person for a desired role: 
 Train  ָнרżʹʺҪĽɫ 
The young woman attends vocational school,where she is being trained as a computer technician.
ŮӽְҵѧУѵɼʦ
School   often implies an arduous learning process: 
School  ָѧϰ̣ 
The violinist had been schooled to practice slowly to assure accurate intonation.
Сѵҵ׼ȷ
Discipline   usually refers to the teaching of control,especially self-control: 
Discipline  ָͨڿƣҿƣ 
The writer has disciplined himself to work between breakfast and lunch every day.
λѵԼÿ緹緹֮乤
Drill   implies rigorous instruction or training,often by repetition of a routine: 
Drill  ָϸĽѵͨظ 
The French instructor drilled the students in irregular verbs. 
ʦѵѧĲ򶯴÷ 
?
Some grammarians have objected to the use ofteach  as a transitive verb when its object denotes an institution of learning, as in 
һЩ﷨ѧҷteach ıʾѧϰĻʱΪﶯʵ÷  
Kim teaches grade school. 
ķִСѧС 
This usage has wide currency at all levels, however,and is supported by the analogy to phrases such asgrade-school teacher.  It should be regarded as entirely correct.
Ȼһ÷ڲͬζ㷺УҵõСѧʦ ƶ֧֡ ӦñΪȫȷ
?
Teach
Teach
AHD:[t?ch]  also Thatch [th2ch] Edward  Known as Blackbeard.(Died 1718) 
D.J.[ti8t.] also Thatch [G#t.]
K.K.[tit.] also Thatch [G#t.]
NONE޴ԣ
English pirate who established a base on the North Carolina coast after 1713 and conducted acts of piracy off the coast of the American colonies and in the Caribbean. He was killed by 
British naval forces.
棬»( 1718) Ӣ1713ڱɺأڱֳذͼձȺкӢ

= =
teacher
teach.er
AHD:[t?chr] 
D.J.[6ti8t.*]
K.K.[6tit.+]
n.Abbr. tchr.ʣд tchr.
One who teaches, especially one hired to teach.
ʦˣָͽ

= =
teaching
teach.ing
AHD:[t?ch1ng] 
D.J.[6ti8t.!0]
K.K.[6tit.!0]
n.ʣ
The act, practice, occupation, or profession of a teacher.
ѧʦΪϰߡְҵ
Something taught.
̵Ķ
A precept or doctrine. Often used in the plural:
壺Ի塣øʽ
the teachings of Buddha.
Ľ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, involving, or used for teaching:
̵ģڡڻڽѧģ
teaching materials; teaching methods.
ѧϣѧ
Working as a teacher or in teaching:
ѧģΪһʦڽѧеģ
teaching assistants.


= =
team
team
AHD:[t?m] 
D.J.[ti8m]
K.K.[tim]
n.ʣ
Sports Games A group on the same side, as in a game.
˶ Ϸ ӣͬһߵһ飬еһ
A group organized to work together:
飺֯ͬС飺
a team of engineers.
һ鹤ʦ
Two or more draft animals used to pull a vehicle or farm implement.
ũùߵֻֻ
A vehicle along with the animal or animals harnessed to it.
󳵣ĳ
A group of animals exhibited or performing together, as horses at an equestrian show.
һ鹩չݳһ鹩չݳʿչе
A brood or flock.
һѣһȺ
Obsolete Offspring; lineage.
 ϵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
С飺һʣ
team sports; a team effort.See Usage Note at collective noun 
ССŬμ collective noun
v.ʣ
teamed,team.ing,teams 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To harness or join together so as to form a team.
ѡϣѡϻһγ
To transport or haul with a draft team.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a team or an association. Often used withup.  
һӣһӻ顣up  
To drive a team or truck.
ʻ󳵻򿨳
?
Middle English [team of draft animals] 
йӢ [һ] 
from Old English t?m * see  deuk- 
Դ Ӣ t?m *μ deuk- 

= =
tear
tear 1
AHD:[tar] 
D.J.[te*]
K.K.[tWr]
v.ʣ
tore[t?r, t?r] torn[t?rn, t?rn] tear.ing,tears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull apart or into pieces by force; rend.
˺ѣ򳶳Ƭ˺
To make (an opening) by ripping:
˺ƣͨ˺ɣһȱڣ
tore a hole in my stocking.
ҵĳ˺һ
To lacerate (the skin, for example).
ˣƣƤ
To separate forcefully; wrench:
ߣطֿȡ
tore the wrappings off the present.
Ѱװֽ˺
To divide or disrupt:
ʹѣʹѻ߽⣺
was torn between opposing choices; a country that was torn by strife.
෴ѡ֮䣬֪ǺãΪͻѵĹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become torn.
˺
To move with heedless speed; rush headlong.
񱼣Բĵٶƶ͵ǰ
n.ʣ
The act of tearing.
˺˺Ķ
The result of tearing; a rip or rent.
ѷ죺˺Ľѿڻѷ
A great rush; a hurry.
񱼣
Slang A carousal; a spree.
ٵ ᣻
?
tear around ʽ
To move about in excited, often angry haste.
Ĵܣ˷ܵأǷŭشæȥ
To lead a wild life.
ŵ
tear at
To pull at or attack violently:
˺ѵ˺
The dog tore at the meat.
˺
To distress greatly:
˺
Their plight tore at his heart.
ǵеѹ
tear away
To remove (oneself, for example) unwillingly or reluctantly.
ʹǿ뿪ʹĳԼԸػǿ뿪
tear down
To demolish:
٣
tear down old tenements.
پס
To take apart; disassemble:
𿪣ɢ
tear down an engine.
𿪷
To vilify or denigrate.
ͣڮ
tear into
To attack with great vigor or violence:
͹Ծ޴
tore into the food; tore into his opponent.
ʳ͹Ķ
tear off ʽ
To produce hurriedly and casually:
Ҵҵػɣ
tearing off article after news article.
űΪģҴд
tear up
To tear to pieces.
˺Ƭ
To make an opening in:
ڿ
tore up the sidewalk to add a drain.
ڿеԼˮ
?
tear (one's) hair
To be greatly upset or distressed.
ȷ
?
Middle English teren 
йӢ teren 
from Old English teran * see  der- 
Դ Ӣ teran *μ der- 
?
tearer
n.ʣ
?
tear,rip,rend,split,cleave
These verbs mean to separate or pull apart by force.
ЩΪֿ
 Tear   involves pulling something apart or into pieces: 
 Tear  аĳﳶ򳶳Ƭ˼ 
She tore the letter in shreds  (Edith Wharton).
˺Ƭ  ˿ֶ٣
 Rip   implies rough or forcible tearing apart or away, often along a dividing line such as a seam or joint: 
 Rip  ָطָߣѷӺߣֱĻ˺˺ 
Carpenters ripped up the old floorboards.
ľǲ𿪾ɵĵذ塣
Rend   usually refers to violent tearing or wrenching apart: 
Rend  ָͨҵ˺Ť 
Come as the winds come, when/Forests are rended  (Sir Walter Scott).Tosplit  is to cut or break something into parts or layers, especially along its entire length or along a natural 
line of division: 
 һʱ/ɭ˺ѡ  ֶء˾ؾʿSplit Ϊĳиϳɼֻ򼸲㣬 ָȻȻķָߣ 
They [wood stumps] warmed me twice once while I was splitting them,and again when they were on the fire  (Henry David Thoreau).
 ǣľ׮ ʹůΡ һǵʱһǵŵʱ  άޣ
 Cleave   most often refers to splitting with or as if with a sharp instrument: 
 Cleave  ָû÷ 
The apple's cleft right through the core  (J.C.F. von Schiller).
ƻѷͨʵġ  (J.C.F.롤ϯգ
?
tear
tear 2
AHD:[t?r] 
D.J.[t!*]
K.K.[t!r]
n.ʣ
A drop of the clear salty liquid that is secreted by the lachrymal gland of the eye to lubricate the surface between the eyeball and eyelid and to wash away irritants.
᣺Ϊ֮ĽӴ沢ϴȥ̼۵ٷڵһ͸̵Һ
tears A profusion of this liquid spilling from the eyes and wetting the cheeks, especially as an expression of emotion.
 tears ᣺ʪյĴᣬָһֱ﷽ʽ
tears The act of weeping:
 tears Ķ
criticism that left me in tears.
ʹҿ
A drop of a liquid or hardened fluid.
״һҺӲҺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
teared,tear.ing,tears 
To fill with tears.
ˮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?r * see  dakru- 
Դ Ӣ t?r *μ dakru- 

= =
tease
tease
AHD:[t?z] 
D.J.[ti8z]
K.K.[tiz]
v.ʣ
teased,teas.ing,teas.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To annoy or pester; vex.
ʹգʹ
To make fun of; mock playfully.
ȡЦЦسŪ
To arouse hope, desire, or curiosity in without affording satisfaction.
ϣ浫
To urge persistently; coax:
ǿҪϵǿҪ󣻺壺
teasing their mother for more candy.
ǵҪǹ
To gain by persistent coaxing:
ͨĺƭõ
the New York editor who could tease great books from the unpromising woolly jumble of an author's first draft(Ian Jack)
ŦԼı༭ܴ߰ûϣĲݸк߱׫(ܿ)
To deal with or have an effect on as if by teasing.
úķԸʩӰ
To cut (tissue, for example) into pieces for examination.
ȡ֯ã֯ гƬ״
To disentangle and dress the fibers of (wool, for example).
⿪ëά
To raise the nap of (cloth) by dressing, as with a fuller's teasel.
ʹ֯ޣ޹޻ͨ֯ϵë
To ruffle (the hair) by combing from the ends toward the scalp for an airy, full effect.
᣺Ϊﵽ졢ЧͨӣͷĩͷƤŪ壨ͷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To annoy or make fun of someone persistently.
ϷŪشȡЦĳ
n.ʣ
The act of teasing.
ϷŪϷŪΪ
The state of being teased.
ϷŪ״̬
One that teases, as:
ϷŪߣ磺
One given to playful mocking.
ϷŪߣϷŪ
A woman who behaves like a coquette.
ŪɧŮӣֹŪɧһŮ
A preliminary remark or act intended to whet the curiosity.
ĻΪΪ̼ĵĳۻж
?
tease out
To get by or as if by untangling or releasing with a pointed tool or device:
ȡͨͨ÷Ĺ߻װý⿪ųõ
It takes a carefully trained expert to tease out the truth(Arthur Green)
ҪһܹѵרŪࡱ(ɪ)
?
Middle English tesen [to comb apart] 
йӢ tesen [Ὺ] 
from Old English t?n 
Դ Ӣ t?n 
?
teasingly
adv.ʣ

= =
technical
tech.ni.cal
AHD:[tkn1-kl] 
D.J.[6tekn!k*l]
K.K.[6tWkn!k*l]
adj.Abbr. tec.,tech.ݴʣд tec.,tech.
Of, relating to, or derived from technique.
ģڣڻڼ
Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field:
רҵģָڻеѧرļܻʵ֪ʶģ
a technical adviser.
רҹ
Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized:
רŻģضְҵʹûߵģרŻģ
technical terminology.
ר
Belonging or relating to a particular subject:
רҵģڻضĿģ
technical expertise.
רҵ֪ʶ
Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences:
ģڣڻ漰ʵġеĻҵļӦÿѧģ
a technical school.
ѧУ
Abstract or theoretical:
۵ģĻ۵ģ
a technical analysis.
۷
Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific.
ѧģڣڻʹÿѧ۵ģѧ
According to principle; formal rather than practical:
۵ģԭģʵʽģ
a technical advantage.

Industrial and mechanical; technological.
յģҵĺͻеģƼ
Indicating or relating to a stock market in which prices are determined or affected by internal manipulation and speculation.
ڲݵģʾڼ۸ڲݺͶӰĹƱг
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A technical foul.

?
From Greek tekhnikos [of art] 
Դ ϣ tekhnikos [] 
from tekhn?} [art] * see  teks- 
Դ tekhn?} [] *μ teks- 
?
technically
adv.ʣ
technicalness
n.ʣ

= =
technician
tech.ni.cian
AHD:[tk-n1shn] 
D.J.[tek6n!.*n]
K.K.[tWk6n!.*n]
n.Abbr. tec.,tech.ʣд tec.,tech.
An expert in a technique, as:
Աͨһżרң
One whose occupation requires training in a specific technical process:
ʦְҵҪרŵļѵˣ
an electronics technician; an automotive technician.
ѧʦʦ
One who is known for skill in an intellectual or artistic technique.
ɼңͨܶ

= =
technique
tech.nique
AHD:[tk-n?k] 
D.J.[tek6ni8k]
K.K.[tWk6nik]
n.ʣ
The systematic procedure by which a complex or scientific task is accomplished.
ɸӵĻѧϵͳ
Also tech.nic [tkn1k] 
 Ҳ tech.nic [tkn1k] 
The way in which the fundamentals, as of an artistic work, are handled.
ɣԭƷĻԭķ
Skill or command in handling such fundamentals.See Synonyms at art 1
ܣЩԭļɻμ art1
?
French [technical, technique] 
 [ģ] 
from Greek tekhnikos [technical] * see  technical 
Դ ϣ tekhnikos [] *μ technical

= =
technology
tech.nol.o.gy
AHD:[tk-n?l-j?] 
D.J.[tek6nKl*d9i8]
K.K.[tWk6n$l*d9i]
n.ʣ
 tech.nol.o.gies д technol.
The application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives.
ѧӦãָΪ˹ҵҵĿ
The scientific method and material used to achieve a commercial or industrial objective.
ԴﵽҵҵĿĵĿѧͲ
Anthropology The body of knowledge available to a civilization that is of use in fashioning implements, practicing manual arts and skills, and extracting or collecting materials.
ѧ ѧɴ֪ʶ壬ߡϰֹͼܡժ¼ռ
?
Greek tekhnologia [systematic treatment of an art or craft] 
ϣ tekhnologia [յϵͳӦ] 
tekhn?} [skill] * see  teks- 
tekhn?} [] *μ teks- 
-logia [-logy] 
-logia [ѧ] 

= =
tedious
te.di.ous
AHD:[t?d?-s] 
D.J.[6ti8di8*s]
K.K.[6tidi*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring.See Synonyms at boring 
ζģʱ䳤ͶģᷳĲμ boring
Obsolete Moving or progressing very slowly.
 ģƶչܻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin taedi?s 
Դ  taedi?s 
from Latin taedium [tedium] 
Դ  taedium [˷] 
?
tediously
adv.ʣ
tediousness
n.ʣ

= =
teenager
teenager Ҳ teen-ag.er
AHD:[t?n3jr] 
D.J.[6ti8n7e!d9*]
K.K.[6tin7ed9+]
n.ʣ
A person between the ages of 13 and 19; an adolescent.
꣺1319ˣ

= =
telegram
tel.e.gram
AHD:[tl1-gr2m] 
D.J.[6tel!7gr#m]
K.K.[6tWl!7gr#m]
n.Abbr. tel.,teleg.ʣд tel.,teleg.
A message transmitted by telegraph.
籨õ籨͵Ϣ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
tel.e.grammed,tel.e.gram.ming,tel.e.grams 
To telegraph (something) or be telegraphed.
籨õ籨ͣĳĳɵ籨

= =
telegraph
tel.e.graph
AHD:[tl1-gr2f] 
D.J.[6tel!7gr#f]
K.K.[6tWl!7gr#f]
n.Abbr. tel.,teleg.ʣд tel.,teleg.
A communications system that transmits and receives simple unmodulated electric impulses, especially one in which the transmission and reception stations are directly connected by 
wires.
籨ռ򵥵δƵĵĵϵͳָվͽվֱõӵĵϵͳ
A message transmitted by telegraph; a telegram.
籨õ籨͵Ϣ籨
v.ʣ
tel.e.graphed,tel.e.graph.ing,tel.e.graphs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transmit (a message) by telegraph.
õ籨ͣõ籨ͣϢ
To send or convey a message to (a recipient) by telegraph.
籨õ籨򣨽ߣͻ򴫵Ϣ
To make known (a feeling or an attitude, for example) by nonverbal means:
¶÷Էʽʹ֪̬ȣ
telegraphed her derision with a smirk.
Ц¶ĳЦ
To make known (an intended action, for example) in advance or unintentionally:
¶Ȼʶʹ֪Ԥڵж
By massing troops on the border, the enemy telegraphed its intended invasion to the target country.
ڱ߽缯ӣ¶ͼַĿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send or transmit a telegram.
籨ķ͵籨
?
telegrapher
AHD:[t-lgr-fr]   te.legra.phist [-f1st] ʣ

= =
telephone
tel.e.phone
AHD:[tl-f?n] 
D.J.[6tel*7f*&n]
K.K.[6tWl*7fon]
n.Abbr. tel.ʣд tel.
An instrument that converts voice and other sound signals into a form that can be transmitted to remote locations and that receives and reconverts waves into sound signals.
绰źתܴ͵ԶصʽԶܽյ粨粨ԭźŵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
绰ʣ
telephone connections; a telephone call.
绰ϵ绰
v.ʣ
tel.e.phoned,tel.e.phon.ing,tel.e.phones 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To speak with (a person) by telephone.
õ绰루ĳˣ̸
To initiate or make a telephone connection with; place a call to.
绰ʼ롭е绰ϵ绰
To transmit (a message, for example) by telephone.
õ绰ͣõ绰ͣϢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in communication by telephone.
绰õ绰ͨѶ
?
telephoner
n.ʣ
?
When one telephones someone else,one never gives a second thought to the linguistic and etymological processes illustrated by the wordtelephone.  To begin with,the nountelephone  
is one of a class of technological and scientific words that are made up of combining forms, in this casetele-  and -phone.  These forms are derived from classical languages:tele-  is 
from the Greek combining form t?-  or t?,  a form of t?,  meaning afar, far off, while-phone  is from Greek ph??,}  sound, voice. Such words derived from classical languages can 
be put together in French or German,for example, as well as in English.Which language actually gave birth to them cannot always be determined.In this case Frenchtelephone  (about 
1830) seems to have priority. The word was used for an acoustic apparatus, as it originally was in English (1844).Alexander Graham Bell appropriated the word for his invention in 
1876,and in 1877 we have the first instance of the verbtelephone  meaning to speak to by telephone. The verb is an example of a linguistic process called functional shift.This 
occurs when we use a noun as a verb,an adjective as a noun, or a noun as an adjective.Thus, we are changing the syntactic function of the word,just as we do when wetelephone  a 
friend. 
ĳ˴绰ʱһ뵥Telephone ˵ѧĺʹԴѧķչ̡ ʼʱtelephone ɸʽɵһ༼Ϳѧеһ 
tele-  -phone  Щʽڹŵԣtele- ϣĸʽ tele-  tel-  tele ʽΪԶңԶء -phone ϣ phone 
ɤ ЩԹŵԵĴʿڷзһ磬ͬӢһЩʵ׵һͨ޷ȷϡУtelephone Լ
1830ֽ꣩硣 Ӣ(1844꣩˼һڷָ豸ɽ󡤸׶ķ1876ָķ
1877˵һΪõ绰롭̸Ķtelephone ʵ ǳΪתƵѧ̵һӡǽΪʣݴΪ
ʻΪݴʹʱͷڸı䵥ʵľ䷨ܣǴ绰 һλʱһ 

= =
telescope
tel.e.scope
AHD:[tl1-sk?p] 
D.J.[6tel!7sk*&p]
K.K.[6tWl!7skop]
n.ʣ
An arrangement of lenses or mirrors or both that gathers visible light, permitting direct observation or photographic recording of distant objects.
Զɼɼ⡢ܶԶֱӹ۲¼͸Ƭ߶еװ
Any of various devices, such as a radio telescope, used to detect and observe distant objects by their emission, transmission, reflection, or other interaction with invisible radiation.
粨ԶͨԶķ䡢͸䡢ɼ໥̽͹۲Զ豸粨Զ
v.ʣ
tel.e.scoped,tel.e.scop.ing,tel.e.scopes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to slide inward or outward in overlapping sections, as the cylindrical sections of a small hand telescope do.
ʹʹص⻬СֶԶԲֵĵ
To make more compact or concise; condense.
̣ʹ̻ࣻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To slide inward or outward in or as if in overlapping cylindrical sections:
ԲֻǽԲ⻬
a camp bucket that telescopes into a disk.
ܵԲ̵ҰӪˮͰ
?
New Latin telescopium 
ִ telescopium 
or Italian telescopio 
  telescopio 
both from Greek t?s [far-seeing] 
Դ ϣ t?s [Զ] 
t?- [tele-] 
t?- [Զ] 
skopos [watcher] * see  spek- 
skopos [۲] *μ spek- 

= =
television
tel.e.vi.sion
AHD:[tl-v1zhn] 
D.J.[6tel*7v!9*n]
K.K.[6tWl*7v!9*n]
n.ʣ
The transmission of visual images of moving and stationary objects, generally with accompanying sound, as electromagnetic waves and the reconversion of received waves into visual 
images.
ӣͨӦ˶;ֹӾͼĵŲתӾͼ
An electronic apparatus that receives electromagnetic waves and displays the reconverted images on a screen.
ӻյŲĻʾѻԭͼĵ豸
The integrated audible and visible content of the electromagnetic waves received and converted by such an apparatus.
ݣͨӻպתŲʹɼȿֿɿ
The industry of producing and broadcasting television programs.
ҵ͹㲥ӽĿҵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ӣһʣ
television programs; television newscasters.
ӽĿŹ㲥Ա
?
French tlvision 
 tlvision 
tl- [far]  from Greek t?- [tele-] 
tl- [Զ]  Դ ϣ t?- [Զ] 
vision [vision] * see  vision 
vision [Ӿ] *μ vision

= =
tell
tell
AHD:[tl] 
D.J.[tel]
K.K.[tWl]
v.ʣ
told[t?ld] tell.ing,tells 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a detailed account of; narrate:
ϸ
tell what happened; told us a story.
£ǽһ
To communicate by speech or writing; express with words:
ôʱʾͨдϵôʱʾ
tell the truth; tell one's love.
˵滰ﰮ
To make known; reveal:
֪й¶
tell a secret; tell fortunes.
й¶ܣռ
To notify; inform.
֪֪ͨ
To inform positively; assure:
ȷظ֪֤
I tell you, the plan will work.
ȷظ㣬ƻִ
To give instructions to; direct:
ָʾ
told the customers to wait in line.
ָʾ˿ŶӵȺ
To discover by observation; discern:
ͨ۲췢֣
could easily tell that she was a newcomer.
׵رһ
To name or number one by one; count:
һһؽл
telling one's blessings; 16 windows, all told.
ĳ˵£ʮȴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give an account or a revelation:
ʾ
was now prepared to break silence and tell.
׼ƳĬ
To give evidence; inform:
ߣ֤ݣ֪ͨ
He promised not to tell on his friend.
Ĳ
To have an effect or impact:
ЧЧӰ죺
In this game every move tells.
ϷÿһƶЧ
?
tell off ʽ
To rebuke severely; reprimand.
𱸣ָǴ
?
Middle English tellen 
йӢ tellen 
from Old English tellan * see  del- 2
Դ Ӣ tellan *μ del- 2
?
tellable
adj.ݴʣ
?
tell
tell 2
AHD:[tl] 
D.J.[tel]
K.K.[tWl]
n.ʣ
A mound, especially in the Middle East, made up of the remains of a succession of previous settlements.
ѣһϵǰӵصķɵĴж
?
Arabic tall 
Arabic tall 

= =
temper
tem.per
AHD:[tmpr] 
D.J.[6temp*]
K.K.[6tWmp+]
v.ʣ
tem.pered,tem.per.ing,tem.pers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To modify by the addition of a moderating element; moderate:
ͣͨһܱº͵ĳɷֶı䣻ʹºͣ
temper its doctrinaire logic with a little practical wisdom(Robert H. Jackson)See Synonyms at moderate 
һʵǻ۵䴿۵߼(޲H.ܿѷ)μ moderate
To bring to a desired consistency, texture, hardness, or other physical condition by or as if by blending, admixing, or kneading:
ͨͨ͡ںͻʹﵽļԡʵءӲȻ״̬
temper clay; paints that had been tempered with oil.
ճ͵͹
To harden or strengthen (metal or glass) by application of heat or by heating and cooling.
ػͨȻ佻ӣǿȺӲ
To strengthen through experience or hardship; toughen:
ͨĥʹǿ
soldiers who had been tempered by combat.
սʿ
To adjust finely; attune:
ϣܺõصʹЭ
a portfolio that is tempered to the investor's needs.
ʺͶм֤ȯ
Music To adjust (the pitch of an instrument) to a temperament.
֡ һʹ֮º
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become tempered.
ʹͣ
n.ʣ
A state of mind or emotions; disposition:
飺еһ״̬飺
an even temper.See Synonyms at mood 1
ƽ͵μ mood1
Calmness of mind or emotions; composure:
Ƣе򾲣ţ
lose one's temper.
Ƣ
A tendency to become easily angry or irritable:
׷ŭ׷ŭ
a quick temper.
Ƣ
An outburst of rage:
ŭ
a fit of temper.
һŭ
A characteristic general quality; tone:
дԵձ
heroes who exemplified the medieval temper; the politicized temper of the 1930's.
֤͵صӢǣ2030ص
The condition of being tempered.
ػ𣺻ع״̬
The degree of hardness and elasticity of a metal, chiefly steel, achieved by tempering.
ͶȣͨػĽҪָӲȺͶ
A modifying substance or agent added to something else.
𻺺õʻҩ
Archaic A middle course between extremes; a mean.
 ӹ֮м·ߣӹ
?
Middle English temperen 
йӢ temperen 
from Old English temprian 
Դ Ӣ temprian 
from Latin temper3e 
Դ  temper3e 
probably from temper- 
Դ temper- 
variant of tempor- [stem of] tempus [time, season] 
 tempor-ı  [] tempusĴʸ [ʱ䣬] 
?
temperability
n.ʣ
temperable
adj.ݴʣ
temperer
n.ʣ

= =
temperament
tem.per.a.ment
AHD:[tmpr-mnt, tmpr--] 
D.J.[6tempr*m*nt, 6temp*r*-]
K.K.[6tWmpr*m*nt, 6tWmp*r*-]
n.ʣ
The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting characteristic of a specific person:
Ըĳһض˵˼άֹӦͷʽ
a nervous temperament.See Synonyms at disposition 
׽ŵԸμ disposition
The distinguishing mental and physical characteristics of a human being according to medieval physiology, resulting from dominance of one of the four humors.
ʣѧҺ֮һ׶γɵһ˵ڲͬľ
Excessive irritability or sensitiveness:
꣺ֵ񾭹
an actor with too much temperament.
һּԱ
Music Equal temperament.
֡ ƽɣʮƽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin temper3m 
Դ  temper3m 
from temper3e [to temper] * see  temper 
Դ temper3e [] *μ temper

= =
temperature
tem.per.a.ture
AHD:[tmpr--ch?r, -chr, tmpr-] 
D.J.[6temp*r*7t.&*, -t.*, 6tempr*-]
K.K.[6tWmp*r*7t.&r, -t.+, 6tWmpr*-]
n.Abbr. T,temp.ʣд T,temp.
The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or an environment.
¶ȣһһȳ̶
A specific degree of hotness or coldness as indicated on or referred to a standard scale.
׼¶ȣһ׼߶ָʾȵض̶
The degree of heat in the body of a living organism, usually about 37.0=C (98.6=F) in human beings.
£л̶ȣͨΪ37.0=C(98.6=F)
An abnormally high condition of body heat caused by illness; a fever.
գɼ·ߵ״̬
?
Middle English [temperate weather] 
йӢ [º͵] 
from Latin temper3?ra} [due measure] 
Դ  temper3?ra} [ʶ] 
from temper3s [past participle of] temper3re [to mix] * see  temper 
Դ temper3s  [] temper3reĹȥִ [] *μ temper

= =
temple
temple 1
AHD:[tmpl] 
D.J.[6temp*l]
K.K.[6tWmp*l]
n.ʣ
A building dedicated to religious ceremonies or worship.
ʥãڽʽݵĽ
Temple Either of two successive buildings in ancient Jerusalem serving as the primary center for Jewish worship.
 Temple Ү·ڹҮ·Ϊ̫ĵĽ֮һ
Judaism A synagogue, especially of a Reform or Conservative congregation.
̡̫ ̫̾ۻ᣺̫ûھۻᣬָһɻɵľۻ
Mormon Church A building in which the sacred ordinances are administered.
ĦŽ̡ ĦẒ̌ãнʥʽĽ
Something regarded as having within it a divine presence.
ϵۻʥ֮أΪʥڵĵط
A building used for meetings by any of several fraternal orders, especially the Knights Templars.
ֵܻԱǹûԱۻĳ
A building reserved for a highly valued function:
ãһֺܸ߼ֵܵĳ
the library, a temple of learning.
ͼݣһ֪ʶĵ
Temple Either of two groups of buildings in London, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, that house two of the four Inns of Court and that occupy the site of the medieval Knights 
Templars establishment.
 Temple ڵе׶Ⱥڵе֮һΪĴЭڵزӵʥʿĽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tempel 
Դ Ӣ tempel 
from Latin templum * see  tem- 
Դ  templum *μ tem- 
?
temple
temple 2
AHD:[tmpl] 
D.J.[6temp*l]
K.K.[6tWmp*l]
n.ʣ
The flat region on either side of the forehead.
̫Ѩǰƽ̹
Either of the sidepieces of a frame for eyeglasses that extends along the temple and over the ear.
ȣ̫Ѩϵ۾֮һ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *tempula 
Դ  *tempula 
from Latin tempora [pl. of] tempus [temple of the head] 
Դ  tempora  [] tempusĸ [ͷ޽] 
?
temple
temple 3
AHD:[tmpl] 
D.J.[6temp*l]
K.K.[6tWmp*l]
n.ʣ
A device in a loom that keeps the cloth stretched to the correct width during weaving.
֯ϱ֯ڷ֯ȷƽĲ
?
Middle English tempille 
йӢ tempille 
from Old French temple 
Դ ŷ temple 
possibly from Latin templum [small piece of timber] * see  tem- 
Դ  templum [СľƬ] *μ tem- 
?
Temple
Temple
NONE޴ԣ
A city of central Texas south of Fort Worth. It is a processing and manufacturing center. Population, 46,109.
̹նÿ˹вһУλ˼ϣΪӹҵġ˿46,109
?
Temple
TempleShirley
NONE޴ԣ
See  Shirley Temple Black 
μ  л̹ն Black
?
Temple
TempleSir William (1628-1699)
NONE޴ԣ
English politician and writer whose prose style influenced Jonathan Swift and others.
̹նʿ(1628-1699) ӢμҺңɢķӰɭ˹غ

= =
tempo
tem.po
AHD:[tmp?] 
D.J.[6temp*&]
K.K.[6tWmpo]
n.ʣ
 tem.pos  tem.pi [-p?]  
Abbr. t.Music The relative speed at which music is or ought to be played, often indicated on written compositions by a descriptive or metronomic direction to the performer.
д t.֡ ٶȣһƷٶȻ䱻ʱӦòȡٶȣͨԻԵָʾдõƷϱע
A characteristic rate or rhythm of activity; a pace:
ࣺĳֻĽɻģࣺ
the tempo and the feeling of modern life(Robert L. Heilbroner)
ִĽС(޲L.¡)
?
Italian 
 
from Latin tempus [time] 
Դ  tempus [ʱ] 

= =
temporary
tem.po.rar.y
AHD:[tmp-rr?] 
D.J.[6temp*7reri8]
K.K.[6tWmp*7rWri]
adj.Abbr. temp.ݴʣд temp.
Lasting, used, serving, or enjoyed for a limited time.
ʱģ޵ʱڳءʹáûܵ
n.ʣ
 tem.po.rar.ies ʽ 
One that serves for a limited time:
ʱԱʱڷˣ
an office staffed by temporaries.
ʱԱʹõİ칫
?
Latin tempor3s 
 tempor3s 
from tempus  tempor- [time] 
Դ tempus  tempor- [ʱ] 
?
temporarily
adv.ʣ
temporariness
n.ʣ
?
temporary,acting,ad interim,interim,provisional
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is assuming the duties of another for the time being: 
Щݴʹͬӵеĺǣһʱڵְ񡱣 
a temporary chairperson;
ʱϯ
the acting dean;
ϵΣ
an ad interim admissions committee;
ʱԹίԱ᣻
an interim administration;

a provisional mayor. permanent 
ʱг permanent

= =
tempt
tempt
AHD:[tmpt] 
D.J.[tempt]
K.K.[tWmpt]
v.ʣ
tempt.ed,tempt.ing,tempts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward.
աջͼãĳˣ£ָͨ豨ŵ
To be inviting or attractive to:
Ȥ
A second helping tempted me. We refused the offer even though it tempted us.See Synonyms at lure 
һңǳǻǾܾ˲μ lure
To provoke or to risk provoking:
ðķգƻðգ
Don't tempt fate.
Ҫð˵ķ
To cause to be strongly disposed:
ʹڣ
He was tempted to walk out.
ǳ߳ȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be attractive or inviting:
ջ
a meal that tempts.
ǳһ
?
Middle English tempten 
йӢ tempten 
from Old French tempter 
Դ ŷ tempter 
from Latin tempt3e [to feel, try] 
Դ  tempt3e [о] 
?
temptable
adj.ݴʣ
tempter
n.ʣ

= =
temptation
temp.ta.tion
AHD:[tmp-t3shn] 
D.J.[temp6te!.*n]
K.K.[tWmp6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of tempting or the condition of being tempted.
գյΪյ״̬
Something tempting or enticing.
ջǳջԻԵ

= =
ten
ten
AHD:[tn] 
D.J.[ten]
K.K.[tWn]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 9 + 1.
ʮ91Ļ
The tenth in a set or sequence.
ʮһлеĵʮ
Something having ten parts, units, or members.
ʮʮʮ֡ʮλʮԱɵ
Games A playing card marked with ten spots.
Ϸ ʮ㣺ʮ
A ten-dollar bill.
ʮԪƱһʮԪĳƱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ton * see  dek? 
Դ Ӣ ton *μ dek? 
?
ten
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
tenant
ten.ant
AHD:[tnnt] 
D.J.[6ten*nt]
K.K.[6tWn*nt]
n.ʣ
One that pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another.
軧֧ӶʹûռӵеءƲ
A dweller in a place; an occupant.
סߣռߣĳؾסߣռ
Law One who holds or possesses lands, tenements, or sometimes personal property by any kind of title.
ɡ ռˣκռлӵءסʱ˲Ʋ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
ten.ant.ed,ten.ant.ing,ten.ants 
To hold as a tenant or be a tenant.
裺ߵݳлΪһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [from present participle of] tenir [to hold] 
Դ ŷ  [] Դtenirڷִ [ӵУ] 
from Latin ten?e * see  ten- 
Դ  ten?e *μ ten- 

= =
tend
tend 1
AHD:[tnd] 
D.J.[tend]
K.K.[tWnd]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
tend.ed,tend.ing,tends 
To have a tendency:
һ
paint that tends toward bubbling and peeling over time.
öʼݲ
To be disposed or inclined:
ڣ
tends toward exaggeration.

To move or extend in a certain direction:
һضƶ죺
Our ship tended northward.
Ǵʻ
?
Middle English tenden 
йӢ tenden 
from Old French tendre 
Դ ŷ tendre 
from Latin tendere * see  ten- 
Դ  tendere *μ ten- 
?
tend
tend 2
AHD:[tnd] 
D.J.[tend]
K.K.[tWnd]
v.ʣ
tend.ed,tend.ing,tends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have the care of; watch over; look after:
ϣչܣ
tend a child.
һ
To manage the activities and transactions of; run:
Ļת
tend bar; tend a store in the owner's absence.
Ӫưɣϰ岻ʱտһ̵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be an attendant or a servant.
źдΪӻ
To apply one's attention; attend:
ע⣻ģ
no time to tend to my diary.
ûʱдҵռ
?
Middle English tenden 
йӢ tenden 
short for attenden [to wait on] * see  attend 
 attendenļд [ȴ] *μ attend
?
tend,attend,mind,minister,watch
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to have the care or supervision of: 
Щʹеĺǡϣල 
tended her plants;
Ĺ
attending the sick;
տˣ
minded the furnace;
տ¯ӣ
ministering to flood victims;
չ˺ˮ
watched the house while the owners were away. 
뿪ʱտ 

= =
tendency
ten.den.cy
AHD:[tndn-s?] 
D.J.[6tend*nsi8]
K.K.[6tWnd*nsi]
n.ʣ
 ten.den.cies 
Movement or prevailing movement in a given direction:
ƣһ˶ձж
observed the tendency of the wind; the shoreward tendency of the current.
۲򰶱ߵĳ
A characteristic likelihood:
ԣϵĿԣ
fabric that has a tendency to  wrinkle.
Ĳ
A predisposition to think, act, behave, or proceed in a particular way.
Ƣԣ˼롢Ϊֹһ򣬻һⷽʽ
An implicit direction or purpose:
ͼ
not openly liberal, but that is the tendency of the book.
ȻûйɣⱾ
An implicit point of view in written or spoken matter; a bias.
»һֹ۵㣻ƫ
?
Medieval Latin tendentia 
 tendentia 
from Latin tend?s  tendent- [present participle of] tendere [to tend] * see  tend 1
Դ  tend?s  tendent-  [] tendereڷִ [] *μ tend1
?
tendency,trend,current,drift,tenor,inclination
These nouns are compared as they refer to the direction or course of an action or a thought.
ЩʶָһΪ˼뷽ʱǿԻȽϡ
 Tendency   implies a predisposition to proceed in a particular way: 
 Tendency  ĳһضʽе 
The tendency of our own day is . . . towards firm, solid, verifiable knowledge  (William H. Mallock).
ǽǡһּᶨʵҿ֤֪ʶ  Hˣ
 Trend   often applies to a general or prevailing direction,especially within a particular sphere: 
 Trend  ָձĻеķָĳһضģ 
the trend of religious thought in recent times  (James Harvey Robinson).
 Щʱڽ˼ơ  ղķʿάޱѷ
 Current   suggests a course or flow, as of opinion,especially one representative of a given time or place: 
 Current  ʾ·߻˼۵ģָضʱصĵʹ 
[These] words . . . express the whole current of modern feeling   (James Bryce).Adrift  is a tendency that depends for its direction or course on the impetus of something likened to a 
shifting current of air or water:  
 Щ ʡִе峱   ղķʿ ϣ˹Drift ָ䷽·ڱΪˮı䶯ƶ  
Political conservatives fear a drift toward communism in Latin America.
αǶ޵Ĺе־塣
Tenor   implies a continuous, unwavering course: 
Tenor  ʾģ·ߣ 
His conduct was . . . uniform and unvarying in its tenor  (Frederick Marryat).
Ϊһ᷽ʽһ£仯  ˡأ
 Inclination   usually refers to an individual's propensity for or disposition toward one thing rather than another: 
 Inclination  ָͨ˰ûϲڱ 
Man's capacity for justice makes democracy possible,but man's inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary  (Reinhold Niebuhr).
 ԹƽĽʹΪܣԲƽȴʹñ衱  ¡᲼

= =
tender
tender 1
AHD:[tndr] 
D.J.[6tend*]
K.K.[6tWnd+]
adj.ݴʣ
ten.der.er,ten.der.est 
Easily crushed or bruised; fragile:
ģ˵ģģ
a tender petal.
Ļ
Easily chewed or cut:
۵ģ׽ûжϵģ
tender beef.
ţ
Young and vulnerable:
ģܺģ
of tender age.

Frail; delicate.
ģģ
Sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy:
ģ˪Ϻеģǿģ
tender green shoots.
ѿ
Easily hurt; sensitive:
˺ģģ
tender skin.
Ƥ
Painful; sore:
ʹģʹģ
a tender tooth.
һʹ
Considerate and protective; solicitous:
ȰģܵҸ豣ģȰģ
a tender mother; his tender concern.
ȰĸףеĹػ
Characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving:
ģĸΪĻ¶ģʾģ
a tender glance; a tender ballad.
һƳҥ
Given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft:
ܸжģܸжͬģ͵ģ
a tender heart.
ĳ
Nautical Likely to heel easily under sail; crank.
 бģ﷫ʱбģȵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ten.dered,ten.der.ing,ten.ders 
To make tender.
ʹ
Archaic To treat with tender regard.
 ضԴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French tendre 
Դ ŷ tendre 
from Latin tener * see  ten- 
Դ  tener *μ ten- 
?
tenderly
adv.ʣ
tenderness
n.ʣ
?
tender
tender 2
AHD:[tndr] 
D.J.[6tend*]
K.K.[6tWnd+]
n.ʣ
A formal offer, as:
ʽṩ
Law An offer of money or service in payment of an obligation.
ɡ ΪĳһεĳṩǮ
A written offer to contract goods or services at a specified cost or rate; a bid.
Ͷ꣺ĳһض۸飻Ͷ
Something, especially money, offered in payment.
֧֧ṩĳָǮ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ten.dered,ten.der.ing,ten.ders 
To offer formally:
ʽ
tender a letter of resignation.See Synonyms at offer 
ʽύְŲμ offer
?
From French tendre [to offer] 
Դ  tendre [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tendere [to hold forth, extend] * see  ten- 
Դ  tendere [ṩ] *μ ten- 
?
tenderer
n.ʣ
?
tender
tender 3
AHD:[tndr] 
D.J.[6tend*]
K.K.[6tWnd+]
n.ʣ
One who tends something:
չˣչĳµˣ
a lathe tender.
һ
Nautical A vessel attendant on other vessels, especially one that ferries supplies between ship and shore.
 ֻĴָֻڽֻͺ֮ͲʵĴֻ
A railroad car attached to the rear of a locomotive and designed to carry fuel and water.
úˮڻβװȼϺˮĳ

= =
tennis
ten.nis
AHD:[tn1s] 
D.J.[6ten!s]
K.K.[6tWn!s]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A game played with rackets and a light ball by two players or two pairs of players on a rectangular court, as of grass, clay, or asphalt, divided by a net.Also called  lawn tennis 
ĺһһһָĳβݵءճػϽеһ˶Ҳ  lawn tennis
Court tennis.
ͥԺ
?
Middle English tenetz, tenyes [court tennis] 
йӢ tenetz, tenyes [ͥԺ] 
from Anglo-Norman tenetz 
Դ Ӣ tenetz 
Old French tenez [pl. imperative of] tenir [to hold] 
ŷ tenez  [] tenirĸʹ [ס] 
from Latin ten?e * see  detain 
Դ  ten?e *μ detain
?
Surprisingly, the origin of the wordtennis  is not precisely known, even though much is known about the history of this sport. The word in the formtenetz  is first recorded in a work 
written around 1400. The game referred to is what is now calledcourt tennis,  or real tennis,  which is played on a large indoor court with a specially marked-out floorand high cement 
walls off which the ball may be played.It seems likely that the Middle English formtenetz  is from tenetz,  an Anglo-Norman variant of the Old French word tenez,  the imperative oftenir,  
to hold, and meaning receive, said by the server to his opponent.As this evidence indicates, tennis originated in medieval France,but the French called the game, then as 
now,la paume.  Bytennis  we do not mean what tenetz  or la paume  meant but rather lawn tennis,  a term first recorded around 1874, shortly after an early form of lawn tennis, 
descended from court tennis, was introduced. Unlike court tennis, which is traditionally associated with the rich and the royal, tennis is open to players from a wide spectrum of 
society,although it certainly is not unconnected with the rich and the royal.
˾ȵǣǶ˶ʷ֪֮࣬tennis һʵԴȴϸ˽⡣ Լ1400꣬˴tenetz ʽһγϡ ָ˶
νcourt tennis  real tennis  һбǵĵذڳϽе˶кܸߵǽйӢtenetz пǴ tenetz ŷеİ³-ŵ
 tenez ġ ùŷtenir һʵʹʽ Ϊץסס˶˵ʱΪסһƺ˵˶Դ͵ķ
У˶ӹһֱΪla paume  tennis һʵָĲ tenetz  la paume ָ lawn tennis һ1874ǰһα¼Ĵ
ָʱͥԺݱĲݵһʽڱܿ ͳ븻˺͹ϵܵͥԺ˶ʺײˣȻⲢ
˵һ˶븻˺͹ûϵ

= =
tense
tense 1
AHD:[tns] 
D.J.[tens]
K.K.[tWns]
adj.ݴʣ
tens.er,tens.est 
Tightly stretched; taut.See Synonyms at stiff See Synonyms at tight 
ģĲμ stiffμ tight
In a state of mental or nervous tension.
񾭽ŵ
Characterized by nervous tension or suspense.
ԾΪ
Linguistics Enunciated with taut muscles, as the sound (t).
ѧ ģģ(t)
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
tensed,tens.ing,tens.es 
To make or become tense.
ʹĽ
?
Latin t?s [past participle of] tendere [to stretch] * see  ten- 
 t?s  [] tendereĹȥִ [] *μ ten- 
?
tensely
adv.ʣ
tenseness
n.ʣ
?
tense
tense 2
AHD:[tns] 
D.J.[tens]
K.K.[tWns]
n.Abbr. t.Grammar ʣд t.﷨ 
Any one of the inflected forms in the conjugation of a verb that indicates the time, such as past, present, or future, as well as the continuance or completion of the action or state.
ʱָ̬ʾʱȥڻָʾ״̬ĳĶʵĸ۱仯ʽκһ
A set of tense forms indicating a particular time:
ʱָ̬ʾĳһضʱһϵʱ̬ʽ
the future tense.
ʱ̬
?
Middle English tens 
йӢ tens 
from Old French [time] 
Դ ŷ [ʱ] 
from Latin tempus 
Դ  tempus 

= =
tent
tent 1
AHD:[tnt] 
D.J.[tent]
K.K.[tWnt]
n.ʣ
A portable shelter, as of canvas, stretched over a supporting framework of poles with ropes and pegs.
һЯ÷ȲƳɵڸӺͶӹ̶һƳɵ֧
Something resembling such a portable shelter in construction or outline:
״ڹʷĶ
her hair a dark tent, her face a thin triangle(Anne Tyler)
ͷ󶥺ɫϸǡ(ݡ̩)
v.ʣ
tent.ed,tent.ing,tents 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To camp in a tent.
ס
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form a tent over.
ڸ
To supply with or put up in tents.
򡭡Ӧʷ꣬ʹʷӪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French tente 
Դ ŷ tente 
from Vulgar Latin *tendita 
Դ  *tendita 
from feminine past participle of Latin tendere [to stretch out] * see  ten- 
Դ  tendereԹȥʽִ [] *μ ten- 
?
tent
tent 2
AHD:[tnt] 
D.J.[tent]
K.K.[tWnt]
n.ʣ
A small, cylindrical plug of lint or gauze used to keep open or probe a wound or an orifice.
ӣ鲼ɴƳɵСԲ״ӣԳſ̽˿ڻ׶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tent.ed,tent.ing,tents 
To keep (a wound or an orifice) open with such a plug.
Ƕ˿ڣӱ֣˿ڻ׶
?
Middle English tente 
йӢ tente 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from tenter [to probe] 
Դ tenter [̽] 
from Latin tent3e [to feel, try] * see  tentative 
Դ  tent3e [о̽] *μ tentative
?
tent
tent 3
AHD:[tnt] 
D.J.[tent]
K.K.[tWnt]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tent.ed,tent.ing,tents ո 
To pay heed to.
۲
To attend; wait on.

?
Middle English tenten 
йӢ tenten 
from tent [attention] 
Դ tent [۲] 
short for attent 
 attentļд 
from Old French attente 
Դ ŷ attente 
from Vulgar Latin *attendita 
Դ  *attendita 
from feminine past participle of Latin attendere [to wait on] * see  attend 
Դ  attendereԹȥʽִ [] *μ attend

= =
tentative
ten.ta.tive
AHD:[tnt-t1v] 
D.J.[6tent*t!v]
K.K.[6tWnt*t!v]
adj.ݴʣ
Not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional:
Եģδȫ깤ġܽóһ½۵ģʱģ
just a tentative schedule.
ǸԵļƻ
Uncertain; hesitant.
ȷģɲ
?
Medieval Latin tent3ovus} 
 tent3ovus} 
from Latin tent3s [past participle of] tent3re [to try] 
Դ  tent3s  [] tent3reĹȥִ [̽] 
variant of tempt3e 
 tempt3 
?
tentatively
adv.ʣ
tentativeness
n.ʣ

= =
tenth
tenth
AHD:[tnth] 
D.J.[tenG]
K.K.[tWnG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number ten in a series.
ʮ൱лʮ
One of ten equal parts.
ʮ֮һʮȷеһ
?
Middle English tenthe 
йӢ tenthe 
alteration of tethe 
 tetheı仯 
from Old English t?a * see  dek? 
Դ Ӣ t?a *μ dek? 
?
tenth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
term
term
AHD:[t?rm] 
D.J.[tT8m]
K.K.[tPm]
n.ʣ
A limited period of time.
ޣһ޶ʱ
A period of time that is assigned to a person to serve:
ڣĳڵһޣ
a six-year term as senator.See Synonyms at period 
ΪԱڲμ period
A period when a school or court is in session.
ѧڣͥ
A point in time at which something ends; termination:
ޣһʱĳ½ʱ㣻ս᣺
an apprenticeship nearing its term.
ѧͽĽ
The end of a normal gestation period:
£ڵս᣺
carried the fetus to term.
ٽ
A deadline, as for making a payment.
գ
Law 
ɡ 
A fixed period of time for which an estate is granted.
زڣõزһȷʱ
An estate granted for a fixed period.
õĵزһι̶ʱõĵز
A word or group of words having a particular meaning:
רʣһһĴʣ
had to explain the termgridlock.  
gridlockͨȫ  
terms Language of a certain kind; chosen words:
 terms ĳԣѡõĴʣ
spoke in rather vague terms; praised him in glowing terms.
൱޵ĴʽĴ
Often terms One of the elements of a proposed or concluded agreement; a condition:
  terms ƻȷЭһҪأ
offered favorable peace terms; one of the terms of the lease; the terms of a divorce settlement.
õĺƽһЭ
terms The relationship between two people or groups; personal footing:
 terms ϵ˻Ĺϵ˹ϵ
on good terms with her in-laws.
żҵദúܺ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
One of the quantities composing a ratio or fraction or forming a series.
ɱʻʽ߹һеһ
One of the quantities connected by addition or subtraction signs in an equation; a member.
ʽüӺŻһһ
Logic Each of the two concepts being compared or related in a proposition.
߼ѧ һȽϻص֮һ
A stone or post marking a boundary, especially a squared and downward-tapering pillar adorned with a head and upper torso.
꣺־һ߽ʯͷӣָһԲΡײϸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
termed,term.ing,terms 
To designate; call.
ѡΪΪ
?
in terms of
As measured or indicated by; in units of:
áʾáĴǣ
distances expressed in terms of kilometers as well as miles; cheap entertainment, but costly in terms of time wasted.
ùӢʾ룻֣˷ѵʱ˵ȴ
In relation to; with reference to:
ݣգ͡ԣ
facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships, instead of evolving haphazardly(Wharton Magazine)
ڵĹϵӪʩԷֹԵĽչ(ֶ־)
?
Middle English terme 
йӢ terme 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin terminus [boundary] 
Դ  terminus [] 
N., senses 4-8, from Middle English 
48Դ йӢ 
from Medieval Latin terminus 
Դ  terminus 
from Late Latin [mathematical or logical term] 
Դ  [ѧ߼] 
from Latin [boundary, limit] 
Դ  [ޣ] 

= =
terminal
ter.mi.nal
AHD:[t?rm-nl] 
D.J.[6tT8m*n*l]
K.K.[6tPm*n*l]
adj.Abbr. term.,t.ݴʣд term.,t.
Of, relating to, situated at, or forming a limit, a boundary, an extremity, or an end.
ĩ˵ģڡڡλڻγһޡ߽硢յĩ˵
Botany Growing or appearing at the end of a stem, branch, stalk, or similar part.
ֲѧ ģھ֦ɻƲλĩ˵
Of, relating to, occurring at, or being the end of a section or series; final.See Synonyms at last 1
յģڡڡڻΪһֻһϵеβģյμ last1
Relating to or occurring in a term or each term:
ڵģÿڵģڻһ޻ÿڵģ
terminal inventories.
̴
Causing, ending in, or approaching death; fatal:
ڵģ𡢵»ӽģģ
terminal cancer; terminal heart disease; a terminal patient.
֢ڣಡڣڻ
n.Abbr. term.,t.ʣд term.,t.
A point or part that forms the end.
ĩˣγĩ˵ĵ򲿷
An ornamental figure or object placed at the end of a larger structure; a finial.
ΣĽĩ˵װװⶥ
Electricity 
ѧ 
A position in a circuit or device at which a connection is normally established or broken.
ӣ·豸ӻϿϵһװ
A passive conductor at such a position used to facilitate the connection.
λ·ĵ
Either end of a railroad or other transportation line; a terminus.
յ㣺··յ㣻յվ
A station at the end of a transportation line or at a major junction on a transportation line.
Ŧ߶˵վߵҪ
A town at the end of a transportation line.
յλĩ˵ĳ
Computer Science A device, often equipped with a keyboard and a video display, through which data or information can enter or leave a computer system.
ѧ նˣͨװм̺ʾ豸ݻϢɴϵͳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin termin3s 
Դ  termin3s 
from terminus [boundary] 
Դ terminus [] 
?
terminally
adv.ʣ

= =
terminate
ter.mi.nate
AHD:[t?rm-n3t] 
D.J.[6tT8m*7ne!t]
K.K.[6tPm*7net]
v.ʣ
ter.mi.nat.ed,ter.mi.nat.ing,ter.mi.nates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring to an end or a halt:
ʹֹʹֹͣͣ٣
His action terminated the most hopeful period of reform in Prussian history(Gordon A. Craig)
Ϊֹ³ʿʷϣĸĸʱڡ(A.׸)
To occur at or form the end of; conclude or finish:
ʹβֻγɡĩβɣ᣺
a display of fireworks that terminated the festivities.
ף
To discontinue the employment of; dismiss:
⡭ְͣ
a company that terminated 300 workers.
300˵Ĺ˾
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come to an end:
ֹ
The oil pipeline terminates at a shipping port. Negotiations terminated yesterday.See Synonyms at complete 
͹ܵۿھ͵ͷˡ̸н˲μ complete
To have as an end or a result:
ԡβԡβ
The Peloponnesian war . . . terminated in the ruin of the Athenian commonwealth(Alexander Hamilton)
ޱսŵͬ˵Ļβ(ɽ󡤺ܶ)
?
Latin termin3e  termin3t- 
 termin3e  termin3t- 
from terminus [end] 
Դ terminus [] 

= =
terrace
ter.race
AHD:[tr1s] 
D.J.[6ter!s]
K.K.[6tWr!s]
n.Abbr. ter.,terr.ʣд ter.,terr.
A porch or walkway bordered by colonnades.
ȣȣȻ
A platform extending outdoors from a floor of a house or an apartment building.
̨һӻԢʽƽ̨
An open, often paved area adjacent to a house serving as an outdoor living space; a patio.
ԺͥԺڷһ鿪̹ͨΪͥԺ
A raised bank of earth having vertical or sloping sides and a flat top:
洹ֱбƽ̹һߵأ
turning a hillside into a series of ascending terraces for farming.
һɽ±˸õһ
A flat, narrow stretch of ground, often having a steep slope facing a river, lake, or sea.
׵أνףԺӡ󺣲жµƽխĵ
A row of buildings erected on raised ground or on a sloping site.
̨ݣڸߵػбϽһŷ
A section of row houses.
һŷеһԪ
A residential street on top of or climbing a slope.
бϷݼĽλбϻб¶һΪסĽֵ
A narrow strip of landscaped earth in the middle of a street.
мֵָмһխľ̻ĵش
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ter.raced,ter.rac.ing,ter.rac.es 
To provide (a house, for example) with a terrace or terraces.
緿ݣ̨
To form (a hillside or sloping lawn, for example) into terraces.
ѣɽ»µأ޳
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Old Proven?al terrassa 
Դ ˹ terrassa 
from Vulgar Latin *terr3a [feminine of] .terr3ceus [earthen] 
Դ  *terr3a  [] terr3ceusԴ [] 
from Latin terra [earth] * see  ters- 
Դ  terra [] *μ ters- 

= =
terrain
ter.rain
AHD:[t-r3n] 
D.J.[t*6re!n]
K.K.[t*6ren]
n.ʣ
An area of land; ground:
ش
climbed a tree to view the surrounding terrain.
һΧķ羰
A particular geographic area; a region:
һָĵ򣻵
a guide who knows this terrain well.
ǳϤһһ
The surface features of an area of land; topography:
εƣһıΣ
boots designed for rugged terrain.
ΪŢƵѥ
also [tr3n] Variant of terrane 
Ҳ [tr3n]  terraneı
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *terr3m 
Դ  *terr3m 
alteration of Latin terr?m [from neuter of] terr?nus [of the earth] * see  terrene 
  terr?  [] Դterr?nusԴ [йص] *μ terrene

= =
terrible
ter.ri.ble
AHD:[tr-bl] 
D.J.[6ter*b*l]
K.K.[6tWr*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing great fear or alarm; dreadful:
µģ𼫴־򾪻ŵģ˵ģ
a terrible bolt of lightning; a terrible curse.
µ磻ɲ
Extremely formidable:
˵ģ˾ηģ
terrible responsibilities.
ش
Extreme in extent or degree:
ȵģ޶Ȼ̶ȵģ
the life for which he had paid so terrible a price(Leslie Fiedler)
Ϊ֮Ĵ۵(˹Ƶ)
Unpleasant; disagreeable:
ģ˲ģģ
had a terrible time at the party; terrible food.
Ϲü죻ʳ
Markedly objectionable:
ģʮַеģ
terrible hypocrisy.
˷еα
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin terribilis 
Դ  terribilis 
from terr?e [to frighten] 
Դ terr?e [] 
?
terribleness
n.ʣ
terribly
adv.ʣ

= =
terrific
ter.ri.fic
AHD:[t-r1f1k] 
D.J.[t*6r!f!k]
K.K.[t*6r!f!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing terror or great fear; terrifying:
µ,ֲģ¿ֲ;޴ֻŵģµģ
a terrific wail.
ɲĺ
Very bad or unpleasant; frightful:
ǳģǳĻ˲˵ģµģ
a terrific headache.
ǳͷʹ
Very good or fine; splendid:
ܰģǳûģ˲ģ
a terrific tennis player.
ǳ˶Ա
Awesome; astounding:
˵ģ𾪵ģ˾ģ
terrific speed.
˵ٶ
?
Latin terrificus 
 terrificus 
terr?e [to frighten] 
terr?e [] 
-ficus [-fic] 
-ficus [ݴʵĺ׺] 
?
terrifically
adv.ʣ

= =
terrify
ter.ri.fy
AHD:[tr-fo] 
D.J.[6ter*7fa!]
K.K.[6tWr*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ter.ri.fied,ter.ri.fy.ing,ter.ri.fies 
To fill with terror; make deeply afraid; alarm.See Synonyms at frighten 
ʹֲ־ģʹǳ£ʹŲμ frighten
To menace or threaten; intimidate.
вŻвȣֲ
?
Latin terrific3e 
 terrific3e 
from terrificus [terrific] * see  terrific 
Դ terrificus [µ] *μ terrific

= =
territory
ter.ri.to.ry
AHD:[tr1-t?r?, -t?r?] 
D.J.[6ter!7t%8ri8, -7t*&ri8]
K.K.[6tWr!7t%ri, -7tori]
n.ʣ
 ter.ri.to.ries д ter.,terr.,t.,T.
An area of land; a region.
ط
The land and waters under the jurisdiction of a government.
ȨϽ֮µ½غͺ
A political subdivision of a country.
һ
A geographic region, such as a colonial possession, that is dependent on an external government:
ĵֳأ
the territories of the Holy Roman Empire.
ʥ۹
Often Territory 
  Territory 
A subdivision of the United States that is not a state and is administered by an appointed or elected governor and elected legislature.
׼ݣδΪݵĵһָѡٲٺѡٲع
A similarly organized political subdivision of Canada or Australia.
ôĴǵģ ׼ݵĵطôĴǵһ׼ݵĵط
An area for which a person is responsible as a representative or an agent:
Ϊ̻ί̶һƬ
a salesperson's territory.
Ա
Sports The area of a field defended by a specified team:
˶ һضĶصһ
punted the ball deep into the opponent's territory.
Է
Biology An area occupied by a single animal, mating pair, or group and often vigorously defended against intruders, especially those of the same species.
ѧ ̣ɵһżһȺռݵռ߾һ߽зرǶͬ
A sphere of action or interest; a province.See Synonyms at field 
ΧжķΧʡݲμ field
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin territ?m 
Դ  territ?m 
from terra [earth] * see  ters- 
Դ terra [] *μ ters- 

= =
terror
ter.ror
AHD:[trr] 
D.J.[6ter*]
K.K.[6tWr+]
n.ʣ
Intense, overpowering fear.See Synonyms at fear 
ˡѹһеĿ־μ fear
One that instills intense fear:
ֲԵɣֲˣ
a rabid dog that became the terror of the neighborhood.
һ񱩵ĹھǴĿֲ
The ability to instill intense fear:
ֲֲ
the terror of jackboots pounding down the street.
ѥֲĴֵ
Violence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate or coerce a population, as for military or political purposes.
ֲΪΪﵽ»ĿһŲȡввһȺ˵ıΪ
Informal An annoying or intolerable pest:
ʽ Ϊ
that little terror of a child.
Ϊ
?
Middle English terrour 
йӢ terrour 
from Old French terreur 
Դ ŷ terreur 
from Latin terror 
Դ  terror 
from terr?e [to frighten] 
Դ terr?e [в] 

= =
test
test 1
AHD:[tst] 
D.J.[test]
K.K.[tWst]
n.ʣ
A procedure for critical evaluation; a means of determining the presence, quality, or truth of something; a trial:
ԣ۵Ḷ́ΪĳĴڡԻʵԶȡֶΣ飺
a test of one's eyesight; subjecting a hypothesis to a test; a test of an athlete's endurance.
ĳеĲԣһвԣ˶Ա
A series of questions, problems, or physical responses designed to determine knowledge, intelligence, or ability.
ԣΪ֪ʶƵһϵ⡢ĿӦ
A basis for evaluation or judgment:
׼ۻжϵĸݣ
A test of democratic government is how Congress and the president work together(Haynes Johnson)
һǿͳλЭ(˹Լѷ)
Chemistry 
ѧ 
A physical or chemical change by which a substance may be detected or its properties ascertained.
飺һֿɱ⵽Ļܱȷһѧ仯
A reagent used to cause or promote such a change.
ܹɻֱ仯Ƽ
A positive result obtained.
Խ
A cupel.

v.ʣ
test.ed,test.ing,tests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To subject to a test; try:
飻ԣ
tested the pen by scribbling on scrap paper; testing each mango for ripeness by pressing and smelling it; testing job applicants.
ֽƬһһǦʣÿһâѹһѹһжǷ죻ְ
To determine the presence or properties of (a substance).
飺ĳʣĴڻ
To assay (metal) in a cupel.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo a test.
в
To administer a test:
в飺
test for acid content; test for the presence of an antibody.
ẬвԣԿĴڽл
To achieve a score or rating on tests:
ýڿлһ򼶱
took the entrance examinations and tested high.
μѧԲø߷
To exhibit a given characteristic when subjected to a test:
ڻʾһָԣ
test positive for the tubercle bacillus.
ڽ˾г
?
Middle English [cupel] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French [pot] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin test?m 
Դ  test?m 
?
testability
n.ʣ
testable
adj.ݴʣ
?
test
test 2
AHD:[tst] 
D.J.[test]
K.K.[tWst]
n.ʣ
A hard external covering, as that of certain amoebas, dinoflagellates, and sea urchins.
׿ǣضıγ桢˫ëͺʵⲿӲ
?
Latin testa [shell] 
 testa [Ӳ] 

= =
testify
tes.ti.fy
AHD:[tst-fo] 
D.J.[6test*7fa!]
K.K.[6tWst*7fa!]
v.ʣ
test.i.fied,test.i.fy.ing,test.i.fies 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony:
֤ʵ֤ࣻ
witnesses testifying before a grand jury.
Ŀ֤ǰ֤
To express or declare a strong belief, especially to make a declaration of faith.
һǿҵָı
To make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness:
֤ڸ˾֧һּʵĳ֤ʵ
the exhilaration of weightlessness, to which many astronauts have testified.
Ա֤ʵʧص˷ܸ
To serve as evidence:
֤ʵ
wreckage that testifies to the ferocity of the storm.
֤ʵ籩ҵĲк
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To declare publicly; make known:
ףƣ
testifying their faith.
ǵҳ
To state or affirm under oath:
֤ԣ
testified in court that he saw the defendant.
ڷ֤ͥ˵˱
To bear witness to; provide evidence for.See Synonyms at indicate 
֤Ϊṩ֤μ indicate
?
Middle English testifien 
йӢ testifien 
from Latin testific3o} 
Դ  testific3o} 
testis [witness] * see  trei- 
testis [֤] *μ trei- 
-fic3o} [-fy] 
-fic3o} [׺ʹɡ] 
?
testification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ
testifier
n.ʣ

= =
testimony
tes.ti.mo.ny
AHD:[tst-m?n?] 
D.J.[6test*7m*&ni8]
K.K.[6tWst*7moni]
n.ʣ
 tes.ti.mo.nies д test.
A declaration by a witness under oath, as that given before a court or deliberative body.
֤ʣ֤ĳڷͥǰ֤
All such declarations, spoken or written, offered in a legal case or deliberative hearing.
֤ʣֿͷġһ𰸼֤ĳ
Evidence in support of a fact or an assertion; proof.
֤ݣ֧һʵ֤ݣ֤
A public declaration regarding a religious experience.
ģһڽ̾Ĺ
The stone tablets inscribed with the Law of Moses.
Ħʮ룺Ħɷʯ
The ark containing these tablets.
Լ񣺲ʯԼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French testimonie 
Դ ŷ testimonie 
from Latin testim?m 
Դ  testim?m 
from testis [witness] * see  testify 
Դ testis [֤] *μ testify

= =
text
text
AHD:[tkst] 
D.J.[tekst]
K.K.[tWkst]
n.ʣ
The original words of something written or printed, as opposed to a paraphrase, translation, revision, or condensation.
ԭģ룬룬޶дԵдӡˢԭ
The words of a speech appearing in print.
ݽ壺ӡˢݽ
The body of a printed work as distinct from headings and illustrative matter on a page or from front and back matter in a book.
ģĿͽֻӡˢ
One of the editions or forms of a written work:
汾дһ汾ʽ
After examining all three manuscripts, he published a new text of the poem.
ȫָʫ°汾
A passage from the Scriptures or another authoritative source chosen for the subject of a discourse or cited for support in argument.
ģΪ֧۵ӡʥȨõĶ
A passage from a written work used as the starting point of a discussion.
⣺дۿʼĶ
A subject; a topic.
Ŀ
A textbook.
̿
?
Middle English texte 
йӢ texte 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin [written account] 
Դ  [] 
from Latin [structure, context, body of a passage] [from past participle of] texere [to weave, fabricate] * see  teks- 
Դ  [ṹģ]  [] ԴtexereĹȥִ [ɣ] *μ teks- 

= =
textbook
text.book
AHD:[tkstb?k] 
D.J.[6tekst7b&k]
K.K.[6tWkst7b&k]
n.ʣ
A book used in schools or colleges for the formal study of a subject.
αѧУѧԺĳĿʽѧϰ
adj.ݴʣ
Being a characteristic example of its kind; classic:
ģΪӵģģ
a textbook case of schizophrenia.
ѵĵͲ
?
textbookish
adj.ݴʣ

= =
textile
tex.tile
AHD:[tkstol, -tl] 
D.J.[6teks7ta!l, -t*l]
K.K.[6tWks7ta!l, -t*l]
n.ʣ
A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric.
֯Ʒϣָ֯ƳɵĲϣ֯Ʒ
Fiber or yarn for weaving or knitting into cloth.
֯Ʒԭϣڱ֯ɲάɴ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
֯ģʣ
a textile weave; textile mills.
֯֯
?
Latin [from neuter of] textilis [woven] 
  [] ԴtextilisԴ [֯] 
from textus [past participle of] texere [to weave] * see  text 
Դ textus  [] texereĹȥִ [֯] *μ text

= =
texture
tex.ture
AHD:[tkschr] 
D.J.[6tekst.*]
K.K.[6tWkst.+]
n.ʣ
A structure of interwoven fibers or other elements.
ṹ֯άɷݵĽṹ
The basic structure or composition, especially of something complex or fine:
ṹָӻĻṹɣ
the orderly texture of matter as seen through an electron microscope.
ͨ΢ʵṹ
The appearance and feel of a surface:
棺òͱо
the smooth texture of soap; the rough texture of plowed fields.
⻬صĲƽ
A rough or grainy surface quality:
ƽֲڵıԣ
Brick walls give a room texture.
שǽʹݱ治ƽ
Distinctive or identifying character or characteristics:
ģͬĻ߿ֵصģ
the haunting contours and textures of the physical world(Joyce Carol Oates)
(˿޶´)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tex.tured,tex.tur.ing,tex.tures 
To give texture to, especially to impart desirable surface characteristics to:
ʹĳֽṹָ˵ı
texture a printing plate by lining and stippling it.
ͨ߻ʹӡ˵ı
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin text?a 
Դ  text?a 
from textus [past participle of] texere [to weave] * see  text 
Դ textus  [] texereĹȥִ [֯] *μ text
?
textural
adj.ݴʣ
texturally
adv.ʣ
textured
adj.ݴʣ

= =
than
than
AHD:[Y2n, Yn] 
D.J.[H#n, H*n]
K.K.[H#n, H*n]
conj.Ӵʣ
Used to introduce the second element or clause of an unequal comparison:
ȣ벻ȱȽϵĵڶɷݻӣ
She is a better athlete than I.
Ǹõ˶Ա
prep.Usage Problem ʣ÷ѡ 
In comparison with:
롭Ƚϣ
disliked no one more than her.
û˱
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thanne, than * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ thanne, than *μ to- 
?
Since the 18th centurygrammarians have insisted thatthan  should be regarded as a conjunction in all its uses, so that a sentence such asBill is taller than Tom  should be construed as 
an elliptical version of the sentence Bill is taller than Tom is.  According to this view,the case of a pronoun followingthan  is determined by whether the pronoun serves as the subject or 
object of the verb that is understood. Thus, the standard rule requiresPat is taller than I  (not me ) on the assumption that this sentence is elliptical forPat is taller than I am  but 
allowsThe news surprised Pat more than me,  since this sentence is taken as elliptical forThe news surprised Pat more than it surprised me.  However,than  is quite commonly treated 
as a preposition when followed by an isolated noun phrase, and as such occurs with a pronoun in the objective case:John is taller than me.  Though this usage is still widely regarded 
as incorrect,it is predominant in speechand has reputable literary precedent.It is also consistent with the fact thatthan  is clearly treated as a preposition in the than whom  construction, 
as ina poet than whom  (not than who ) no one has a dearer place in the hearts of his countrymen.  Still, the writer who risks a sentence such asMary is taller than him  in formal writing 
must be prepared to defend the usage against objections of critics who are unlikely to be dissuaded from their conviction that the usage is incorrect.  Comparatives usingas . . . as  
can be analyzed in a parallel way to those using than.  Traditional grammarians insist thatI am not as tall as he  is the only correct form, and though both literary precedent and 
syntactic arguments can be marshaled in support of the analysis of the secondas  as a preposition (which would license I am not as tall as him ), one should treat this use ofas  as a 
conjunction in formal writing. See Usage Note at as 1
18﷨ѧҼΪthan ÷оӦʣ ˣBill is taller than Tom ľӦΪ Bill is taller than Tom is ʡ˵ һ
۵㣬than ʵȡڸôΪ⡱Ķʵﻹν ׼ҪPat is taller than I  me ) ǵPat is taller than I am 
ʡԣ The news surprised Pat more than me  ΪӱϵThe news surprised Pat more than it surprised me ʡԡ Ȼthan һʶʱ
ǽʣ ڱJohn is taller than me  ÷Ȼ㷺ΪǴģڿռҪλѧҲthan  
than whom ṹȻΪǽʵʵ a poet than whom  than who ) no one has a dearer place in the hearts of his countrymen  ȻðʽдӦ
Mary is taller than him ߱׼ЩܱȰ÷ǴǵķԴ÷б绤 ñȽϼasas  than ͬķ
ʽз ͳ﷨ѧҼΪI am not as tall as he Ψһȷʽ ѧ﷨ֵ֧ڶas Ϊʣ I am not as tall as him )ķ 
Ӧðas Ϊʽде μ as1

= =
thank
thank
AHD:[th2ngk] 
D.J.[G#0k]
K.K.[G#0k]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
thanked,thank.ing,thanks 
To express gratitude to; give thanks to:
лл⣻м
He thanked her for the gift.
л
To hold responsible; credit:
ԡ𣻰ѡڣ
We can thank the parade for this traffic jam.
ǿ԰ѽͨ
?
Middle English thanken 
йӢ thanken 
from Old English thancian * see  tong- 
Դ Ӣ thancian *μ tong- 

= =
thanksgiving
thanks.giv.ing
AHD:[th2ngks-g1v1ng] 
D.J.[G#0ks6g!v!0]
K.K.[G#0ks6g!v!0]
n.ʣ
An act of giving thanks; an expression of gratitude, especially to God:
лмΪлıָϵۣ
a hymn of thanksgiving.
ж޸
Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day.
 Thanksgiving ж

= =
that
that
AHD:[Y2t, Yt] 
D.J.[H#t, H*t]
K.K.[H#t, H*t]
pron.ʣ
 those[Y?z]  
Used to refer to the one designated, implied, mentioned, or understood:
Ǹָָʾἰ
What kind of soup is that?
ʲô?
Used to refer to the one, thing, or type specified as follows:
ָĳĳ»ĳͣ
The relics found were those of an earlier time.
ֵżǽ
Used to refer to the event, action, or time just mentioned:
ǣָ¼Ϊʱ䣺
After that, he became a recluse.
Ժʿ
Used to indicate the farther or less immediate one:
ǸָʾԶĻǺܽһ
That is for sale; this is not.
Ǹǳ۵ģ
Used to emphasize the idea of a previously expressed word or phrase:
ǿǰĴʻ˼
He was fed up, and that to a great degree.
ѳԱ൱
The one, kind, or thing; something:
ĳ£һĳ
She followed the calling of that she loved.
Ѱ֮˵ĺ
those Used to indicate an unspecified number of people:
 those ЩָضһȺˣ
those who refused to join.
ܾμӵ
Used as a relative pronoun to introduce a clause, especially a restrictive clause:
ΪϵӾ䣬޶ԴӾ䣺
the car that has the flat tire.
бƽ̥
In, on, by, or with which:
˵֮൱Inonby or with which 
each summer that the concerts are performed.
ֻÿ
According to what; insofar as:
ݣڡ޶ڣ
He never knew her, that I know of.
֪Ӳʶ
adj.ݴʣ
 those 
Being the one singled out, implied, or understood:
ǸѡġʾĻ׵ģ
that place; those mountains.
ǸطЩɽ
Being the one further removed or less obvious:
ǸԶĻ̫Եģ
That route is shorter than this one.
·
adv.ʣ
To such an extent or degree:
ﵽķΧ̶ȣ
Is your problem that complicated?
?
To a high degree; very:
߶ȣǳ
didn't take what he said that seriously.
ôؽĻ
conj.Ӵʣ
Used to introduce a noun clause that is usually the subject or object of a verb or a predicate nominative:
ԵʴӾ䣺ΪʻνԴӾ䣺
That contemporary American English is exuberantly vigorous is undeniable(William Arrowsmith)
Ӣǲɷϵġ(ʷ˹)
Used to introduce a subordinate clause stating a result, wish, purpose, reason, or cause:
ԵӾ䣺ԸĿġԭɵĴӾ䣺
She hoped that he would arrive on time. He was saddened that she felt so little for him.
ϣʱܱС
Used to introduce an anticipated subordinate clause following the expletiveit  occurring as subject of the verb: 
it ΪǿӾ䣺 
It is true that dental work is expensive.
ȷʵܹ
Used to introduce a subordinate clause modifying an adverb or adverbial expression:
θʻ򸱴ʶĴӾ䣺
will go anywhere that they are welcome.
ȥκλӭǵĵط
Used to introduce a subordinate clause that is joined to an adjective or noun as a complement:
ΪݴʻʵĴӾ䣺
was sure that she was right; the belief that rates will rise soon.
϶ǶԵģʺܿ
Used to introduce an elliptical exclamation of desire:
ʾʡԸ̾ʣ
Oh, that I were rich!
ޣҺܸУ
?
at that
In addition; besides:
ˣ֮⣻ˣ
lived in one room, and a small room at that.
סһ䣬һС
Regardless of what has been said or implied:
ǣѱ˵Ļ򱻰ʾģ
a long shot, but she just might win at that.
̣ǡǡӮ
that is
To explain more clearly; in other words:
Ҳ˵ر仰˵
on the first floor, that is, the floor at street level.
һ¥Ҳ˵ͽֵͬһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th?t * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ th?t *μ to- 
?
The standard rule isthatthat  should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or defining) relative clause, which serves to identify the entity being talked about;in this useit should 
never be preceded by a comma.Thus, we sayThe house that Jack built has been torn down,  where the clausethat Jack built  tells which house was torn down, orI am looking for a book 
that is easy to read,  wherethat is easy to read  tells what kind of book is desired. Onlywhich  is to be used with nonrestrictive (or nondefining) clauses, which give additional 
information about an entity that has already been identified in the context;in this use,which  is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we sayThe students in Chemistry 10 have been 
complaining about the textbook, which  (not that ) is hard to follow.  The clausewhich is hard to follow  does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if it were omitted,we 
would know that the phrasethe textbook  refers to the text in Chemistry 10. The use ofthat  in nonrestrictive clauses like this, though once common in writing and still frequent in 
speech,is best avoided in formal style. Some grammarians have argued that symmetry requires thatwhich  should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses, asthat  is to be used only in 
restrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such asI need a book which will tell me all about city gardening,  where the clausewhich will tell me all about city 
gardening  indicates which sort of book is needed. Such use ofwhich  is useful where two or more relative clauses are joined by and  or or,  as inIt is a philosophy in which the common 
man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Which   is also preferred to introduce a restrictive relative clausewhen the preceding phrase itself contains athat,  as 
inI can only give you that which I don't need  (not that that I don't need ) or We want to assign only that book which will be most helpful   (preferred tothat book that will be most helpful ). 
 That  may be omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the referent of the phrase preceding the clause. Thus, we may say eitherthe book that I was 
reading  or the book I was reading,  where the subject of the clause (I ) is not the referent of the phrase the book.  Omission ofthat  in these cases has sometimes been described as 
incorrect, but the practice is extremely common and has ample precedent in reputable writing. There have also been occasional objections to the omission ofthat  in its use to 
introduce a subordinate clause, as inI think we should try again.  But this usage is entirely idiomatic and is in fact favored with some of the verb phrases that can introduce such 
clauses:thus, one would more normally write 
׼Уthat Ӧֻ޶ԣȷġϵӾ䣬 ЩӾȷ̸۵ʵ壻£ǰжšˣ˵ܿ˽ķѾ
  Ӿܿ ָĴӱˣ һ׶  ׶ ָҪġ ֻwhich ڷ޶ԣ򡰲ȷġӾ
 ΪѾжʵṩϢڴ÷Уwhich ֮ǰжš ˣ˵ѧ10ѧһֱڱԹαʵ  that ) ̫Ѷ  Ӿwhich is 
hard to follow ָһαԹ ʹʡԣҲ֪the textbook ָѧ10Ŀα That ڷ޶ԴӾУ ȻдձڿȻƵ
֣ʽñʹáһЩ﷨ѧΪԳҪwhich Ӧֻڷ޶ԴӾУ that ֻ޶ԴӾС ˣǽӦñҪһ
ڳ԰յ ľӣ Ӿwhich will tell me all about city gardening ָҪ顣 ϵӾ䱻and  or ʱ which ÷ã 
ѧʹͨҵο岢ʹȥ̡ Which  Ҳ޶ԹϵӾ䣬ڵǰöкthat ʱ ֻܸҲҪĶ  that that I don't need ) 
ַֻǱõ   that book that will be most helpful ) ӾӾǰָһʱthat ڹϵӾпʡԡ ˣǿ˵the book that I was 
reading  the book I was reading  Ӿ(I )Ͷ the book ﲻͬ Щ£that ʡʱΪǴģ ʵмձڹ淶д
гֵthat ӾʱʡżȻ飬 ΪӦһ С ÷ȫ﷨ʵһЩӾĶ֧֣ˣ
Ӧ 
I take it she has passed the test 
Ҳͨ˲飬 
thanI take it that she has passed the test. Thatshould not be omitted, however, when the subordinate clause begins with an adverbial phrase or any element other than the subject:  
I take it that she has passed the test ȻӾԸʶ￪ͷĳɷݿͷʱthatʡԣ  
She said that under no circumstances would she allow us to skip the meeting.
˵ôǲμӻ顣
The book argues that eventually the housing supply will increase. 
֤ʵסլӦջӡ 
This last sentence would be ambiguous ifthat  were omitted, since the adverbeventually  could then be construed as modifying either argues  or will increase.  See Usage Note at doubt 
,this ,whatever ,which ,who 
һ仰that ʡԣӽģɣ Ϊeventually ԱΪ argues or will increase  μ doubt,this,whatever,which,who

= =
the
the 1
AHD:[Y?] Ԫ֮ǰ [Y] ֮ǰ 
D.J.[Hi8]Ԫ֮ǰ [H*]֮ǰ 
K.K.[Hi]Ԫ֮ǰ [H*]֮ǰ 
def.art.ڴʣ
Used before singular or plural nouns and noun phrases that denote particular, specified persons or things:
ڵʻʶǰָض˻£
the baby; the dress I wore.
ӤҴ·
Used before a noun, and generally stressed, to emphasize one of a group or type as the most outstanding or prominent:
ǰͨضǿһһͻƵһ
considered Lake Shore Drive to bethe  neighborhood to live in these days. 
ΪǸ ʺϾסĵ 
Used to indicate uniqueness:
ָһ޶ģ
the Prince of Wales; the moon.
ʿӣ
Used before nouns that designate natural phenomena or points of the compass:
ǰָһȻλ
the weather; a wind from the south.
Ϸ
Used as the equivalent of a possessive adjective before names of some parts of the body:
岿λǰΪиݴʵĶӦʣ
grab him by the neck; an infection of the hand.
ץסĲӣֵĸȾ
Used before a noun specifying a field of endeavor:
ָĳһǰ
the law; the film industry; the stage.
ɣӰҵ̨
Used before a proper name, as of a monument or ship:
רǰ򴬣
the Alamo; theTitanic . 
ĦŴ  
Used before the plural form of a numeral denoting a specific decade of a century or of a life span:
ָʾһͻһȵĳʮʸʽ֮ǰ
rural life in the Thirties.
ʮũ
Used before a singular noun indicating that the noun is generic:
ڵǰ
The wolf is an endangered species.
Σյ
Used before an adjective extending it to signify a class and giving it the function of a noun:
ݴǰչΪһʹܣ
the rich; the dead; the homeless.
ˣˣ޼ҿɹ
Used before an absolute adjective:
߼ݴǰ
the best we can offer.
ṩõ
Used before a present participle, signifying the action in the abstract:
ڷִǰָ
the weaving of rugs.
̺֯
Used before a noun with the force ofper : 
ǰÿ  
cherries at $1.50 the box.
ÿӣ1.50Ԫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English the 
Դ Ӣ the 
alteration  influenced by th?t [neuter demonstrative pron.]  th?s [genitive demonstrative pron., etc.] 
   th?tӰ [ָʾ]  th?s [иָʾʵ] 
of se [masculine demonstrative pron.] * see  so- 
 seı仯 [ָʾ] *μ so- 
?
the
the 2
AHD:[Y?] Ԫ֮ǰ [Y] ֮ǰ 
D.J.[Hi8]Ԫ֮ǰ [H*]֮ǰ 
K.K.[Hi]Ԫ֮ǰ [H*]֮ǰ 
adv.ʣ
Because of that. Used before a comparative:
ڣΪڱȽϼǰ
thinks the worse of you after this mistake.
֮֮
To that extent; by that much:
Խ̶ȣࣺ
the sooner the better.
ԽԽ
Beyond any other:
κ֮ϣ
enjoyed reading the most.
ϲĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tht?} * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ tht?} *μ to- 

= =
theatre
the.a.tre
AHD:[th?-tr] 
D.J.[6Gi8*t*]
K.K.[6Gi*t+]
n.ʣ
Variant of theater 
 theaterı

= =
theft
theft
AHD:[thft] 
D.J.[Geft]
K.K.[GWft]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of stealing; larceny.
͵ԣ͵Ϊʵ͵
Obsolete Something stolen.
 ͵Ķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thoh 
Դ Ӣ thoh 

= =
their
their
AHD:[Yar] 
D.J.[He*]
K.K.[HWr]
adj.ݴʣ
 theyиʽ 
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ǵģǰ
their accomplishments; their home town.
ǵĳɾͣǵļ
Usage Problem His, her, or its:
÷ѡ ģģģ
It is fatal for anyone who writes to think of their sex(Virginia Woolf)See Usage Note at he 1
дʱԱκ˶ġ(ǡֶ)μ he1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse theira [theirs] * see  to- 
Դ ˹ά theira [ǵ] *μ to- 

= =
theirs
theirs
AHD:[Yarz] 
D.J.[He*z]
K.K.[HWrz]
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to them:
ǵģָǵƷģ
The red house is theirs. If your car doesn't start, take theirs.
췿ǵģǵ޷ǵ
Usage Problem His or hers:
÷ѡ Ļģ
brought his own lunch and expected everybody else to bring theirs.See Usage Note at he 1
ԼͣΪҲԼĲμ he1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from their [their] * see  their 
Դ their [ǵ] *μ their

= =
them
them
AHD:[Ym, Ym] 
D.J.[Hem, H*m]
K.K.[HWm, H*m]
pron.ʣ
 theyıʽ 
Used as the direct object of a verb:
ǣΪֱӱ
We saw them at the conference.
ڻϿ
Used as the indirect object of a verb:
ǣΪʼӱ
We gave them a round of applause.
Ǹһ
Used as the object of a preposition:
ǣʱ
This letter is addressed to them.
Ǽĸǵ
Informal Used as a predicate nominative:
ʽ ǣν
It's them.See Usage Note at be See Usage Note at I 1
ǲμ beμ I1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse theim 
Դ ˹ά theim 
Old English th?m * see  to- 
Ӣ th?m *μ to- 

= =
theme
theme
AHD:[th?m] 
D.J.[Gi8m]
K.K.[Gim]
n.ʣ
A topic of discourse or discussion.See Synonyms at subject 
ĿĻ۵Ŀμ subject
A subject of artistic representation.
⣺д
An implicit or recurrent idea; a motif:
⣺ںĻֵ˼룻⣺
a theme of powerlessness that runs through the diary; a party with a tropical island theme.
ᴩռǵ⣻ȴľۻ
A short composition assigned to a student as a writing exercise.
ƪģѧΪдϰĶƪ
Music The principal melodic phrase in a composition, especially a melody forming the basis of a set of variations.
֡ ɣƷҪɣָγһϵб仯
Linguistics A stem.
ѧ ʸ
?
Middle English teme, theme 
йӢ teme, theme 
from Old French tesme 
Դ ŷ tesme 
from Latin thema 
Դ  thema 
from Greek * see  dh?- 
Դ ϣ *μ dh?- 
?
themeless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
themselves
them.selves
AHD:[Ym-slvz, Ym-] 
D.J.[Hem6selvz, H*m-]
K.K.[HWm6sWlvz, H*m-]
pron.ʣ
Those ones identical with them:
ԼԼһµ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or as the object of a preposition:
Լʵֱӻӱʱ
prepared themselves for the trip; gave themselves plenty of time; were left to themselves.
ΪԼ׼УԼʱ䣻Լ
Used for emphasis:
Ǳǿ
The cooks themselves eat after all the guests have finished.
ʦǵȿ˳ų
Used in an absolute construction:
ڶṹУ
Newcomers themselves, they knew few people at the party.
ˣϼʶʲô
Their normal or healthy condition:
ǵ򽡿״
The members of the crew were themselves again after the crisis passed.
Σȫ崬Աָֻ

= =
then
then
AHD:[Yn] 
D.J.[Hen]
K.K.[HWn]
adv.ʣ
At that time:
ʱ
I was still in school then. Come at noon; I'll be ready then.
ʱһѧʱ׼õ
Next in time, space, or order; immediately afterward:
Ȼʱ䣬ռ䣬˳Ͻţ
watched the late movie and then went to bed.
Ӱϴ˯
In addition; moreover; besides:
⣺
It costs $20, and then there's the sales tax to pay.
ֵ20ԪҪ˰
Used afterbut  to qualify or balance a preceding statement: 
but ֮λƽǰı 
The star was nervous, but then who isn't on the first night of a new play.
ǺܽţⲢϷĵһҹ
In that case; accordingly:
ôͣ
If traffic is heavy, then allow extra time.
ӵôʱ
As a consequence; therefore:

The case, then, is closed.
ӱ
n.ʣ
That time or moment:
ʱ
The bus leaves at four; until then let's walk.
ĵ뿪ֱʱ·
adj.ݴʣ
Being so at that time:
ʱģ
the then chairman of the board.
ʱίԱϯ
?
and then someʽ
With considerably more in addition:
Զֹˣ
This project will take all our skill and then some.
̽еļԶֹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thenne * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ thenne *μ to- 

= =
theoretical
the.o.ret.i.cal
AHD:[th?-rt1-kl]  Ҳ the.o.ret.ic [-rt1k] 
D.J.[7Gi8*6ret!k*l] Ҳ the.o.ret.ic [-6ret!k]
K.K.[7Gi*6rWt!k*l] Ҳ the.o.ret.ic [-6rWt!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or based on theory.
۵ģ۵ģڻ۵
Restricted to theory; not practical:
ϵģ۵ģʵģ
theoretical physics.

Given to theorizing; speculative.
۵ģۻģ۵
?
Late Latin the??ticus} 
 the??ticus} 
from Greek the??tikos} 
Դ ϣ the??tikos} 
from the??tos} [observable] 
Դ the??tos} [ɼ] 
from the?n [to look at] * see  theorem 
Դ the?n [] *μ theorem
?
theoretically
adv.ʣ
?
theoretical,abstract,academic,hypothetical,speculative
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡҪۻ˵йضʵǣ 
theoretical linguistics;
ѧ
abstract reasoning;

a purely academic discussion;
ѧۣ
a hypothetical statement;
˵Գ
speculative knowledge. 
۵֪ʶ 

= =
theory
the.o.ry
AHD:[th?-r?, th?r?] 
D.J.[6Gi8*ri8, 6G!*ri8]
K.K.[6Gi*ri, 6G!ri]
n.ʣ
 the.o.ries 
Systematically organized knowledge applicable in a relatively wide variety of circumstances, especially a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised 
to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena.
ۣԹ㷺µϵͳ֪֯ʶָһϵм裬ѱܵĶԼڷԤȻרΪĳ
Such knowledge or such a system.
ۣ֪ʶϵͳ
Abstract reasoning; speculation.
ۣ˼
A belief that guides action or assists comprehension or judgment:
ָۣΪжϵ
rose early, on the theory that morning efforts are best; the modern architectural theory that less is more.
𣬻糿ЧߵۣԽԽõִ
An assumption based on limited information or knowledge; a conjecture.
ѧ˵Ϣ֪ʶļ˵Ʋ
?
Late Latin the?a 
 the?a 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from the?s [spectator] 
Դ the?s [] 
probably thea [a viewing] 
Ϊ thea [] 
-oros [seeing] 
-oros [] 

= =
therapy
ther.a.py
AHD:[thr-p?] 
D.J.[6Ger*pi8]
K.K.[6GWr*pi]
n.ʣ
 ther.a.pies 
Treatment of illness or disability.
ƣԼм
Psychotherapy.

Healing power or quality:

the therapy of fresh air and sun.
ʿ
?
New Latin therapia 
ִ therapia 
from Greek therapeia 
Դ ϣ therapeia 
from therapeuein [to treat medically] * see  therapeutic 
Դ therapeuein [ҽѧϵ] *μ therapeutic

= =
there
there
AHD:[Yar] 
D.J.[He*]
K.K.[HWr]
adv.ʣ
At or in that place:

sit over there.
Ǳ
To, into, or toward that place:
ȥ
wouldn't go there again.
ȥ
At that stage, moment, or point:
ĸ׶Σĸʱ̣ǵϣ
Stop there before you make any more mistakes.
㷸Ĵ֮ǰͰݰ
In that matter:
Ǽϣ
I can't agree with him there.
ǼҲͬ
pron.ʣ
Used to introduce a clause or sentence:
Ӿӣ
There are numerous items. There must be another exit.
Ŀһһ
Used to indicate an unspecified person in direct address:
ֱӶԻָضˣ
Hello there.
ι
adj.ݴʣ
Used as an intensive:
ǿ
That person there ought to know the directions to town.
ǸӦ֪ӵķ
n.ʣ
That place or point:
Ǹطǵ㣺
stopped and went on from there.
ͣǶʼ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express feelings such as relief, satisfaction, sympathy, or anger:
ڱУɡ⡢ͬ
There, now I can have some peace!
ˣܰһЩ!
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th??r} * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ th??r} *μ to- 
?
The standard rule states thatwhen the pronounthere  precedes a verb such as be, seem,  or appear,  the verb agrees in number with the following grammatical subject: 
׼Ϊthere  beseem  appear Ķ֮ǰʱ 򶯴ʵ﷨ʵ 
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
ֵһҴʳꡣ
There are fabulous wildflowers in the hills.
ɽмҰ
There seems to be a blueberry pie cooking in the kitchen.
Խٹ 
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 
ƺ֮һЩ 
Nonetheless, it is common in speech for the contractionthere's  to be used when technically a plural verb is called for, as inThere's a couple of good reasons for going.  There is also a 
tendency to use a singular verb when the phrase with which the verb must agree is a conjunction in which the subject closest to the verb is singular: 
ȻҪøʱгдthere's  Ҫȥĺ С ΪӴʵĶӽʵΪʱҶ붯ʱһ£Ҳ
õʵƣ 
To the left, there is a beautiful entry hall, a sitting room, and a sun porch. 
ʣµĲ֣һƯȣһһ̨ 
Although this usage is strictly incorrect,the attraction of the verb to the singular noun phrase following it is so strong that few writers manage to avoid the construction entirely. The 
demonstrative formsthat there  and this here  are nonstandard. 
ϸؽ÷Ǵģʶڸĵʶ֮ǿûȫֽṹָʾʽthat there  this here ǲ׼ 

= =
thereafter
there.af.ter
AHD:[Yar-2ftr] 
D.J.[He*r6#ft*]
K.K.[HWr6#ft+]
adv.ʣ
From a specified time onward; from then on.
˺󣺴ĳһضʱ俪ʼʱ

= =
thereby
there.by
AHD:[Yar-bo] 
D.J.[He*6ba!]
K.K.[HWr6ba!]
adv.ʣ
By that means; because of that.
ˣ
In connection with that:
ɴˣӶǸ
And thereby hangs a tale(Shakespeare)
ˣ¶(ɯʿ)

= =
therefore
there.fore
AHD:[Yarf?r, -f?r] 
D.J.[6He*7f%8, -7f*&r]
K.K.[6HWr7f%r, -7for]
adv.ʣ
For that reason or cause; consequently or hence.
ԣΪԭԻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
there [there] * see  there 
there [Ƕ] *μ there
for, fore [fore] * see  for 
for, fore [ǰ] *μ for

= =
thermal
ther.mal
AHD:[th?rml] 
D.J.[6GT8m*l]
K.K.[6GPm*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, using, producing, or caused by heat.
ȵģйءáȵĻɵ
Intended or designed in such a way as to help retain body heat:
ȵģڱȵģ
thermal underwear.
ů
n.ʣ
A rising current of warm air.
ů
?
thermally
adv.ʣ

= =
thermometer
ther.mom.e.ter
AHD:[thr-m?m1-tr] 
D.J.[G*6mKm!t*]
K.K.[G+6m$m!t+]
n.Abbr. therm.ʣд therm.
An instrument for measuring temperature, especially one having a graduated glass tube with a bulb containing a liquid, typically mercury or colored alcohol, that expands and rises in 
the tube as the temperature increases.
¶ȼƣ¶ȵָһп̶ȵĲܣװҺĲݣҺΪˮɫƾ¶ʱͲ

= =
these
these
AHD:[Y?z] 
D.J.[Hi8z]
K.K.[Hiz]
pron.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Plural of this 
 thisĸ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th?s 
Դ Ӣ th?s 
variant of th3s [pl. of] thes, this [this] * see  to- 
 th3  [] thes, thisĸ [] *μ to- 

= =
thesis
the.sis
AHD:[th?s1s] 
D.J.[6Gi8s!s]
K.K.[6Gis!s]
n.ʣ
 the.ses[-s?z]  
A proposition that is maintained by argument.
⣺Ե
A dissertation advancing an original point of view as a result of research, especially as a requirement for an academic degree.
ģָڻѧλоҪĽԭ۵Ϊоɹ
A hypothetical proposition, especially one put forth without proof.
⣺ָû֤ݶļ
The first stage of the Hegelian dialectic process.
۵㣺ڸ֤еһ׶
The long or accented part of a metrical foot, especially in quantitative verse.
ǿڣָڶʫϽŵĳض
The unaccented or short part of a metrical foot, especially in accentual verse.
ڣָʫϽŵķض̵Ĳ
Music The accented section of a measure.
֡ ǿһضĲ
?
Latin 
 
from Greek 
Դ ϣ 
from tithenai [to put] * see  dh?- 
Դ tithenai [] *μ dh?- 
Sense 5 and 6, Middle English 
56 йӢ 
from Late Latin [lowering of the voice] 
Դ  [] 
from Greek [downbeat] 
Դ ϣ [] 
from tithenai [to put] 
Դ tithenai [] 

= =
they
they
AHD:[Y3] 
D.J.[He!]
K.K.[He]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to the ones previously mentioned or implied.
ǣָǰἰָ
Usage Problem Used to refer to the one previously mentioned or implied, especially as a substitute for generiche : 
÷ѡ ǣָǰἰָˣڷָ  
Every person has rights under the law, but they don't always know them.See Usage Note at he 1
ÿ˶Ȩطɣǳ֪μ he1
Used to refer to people in general.
ңָͨһ
Used to refer to people in general as seen in a position of authority.
ָͨеλȨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse their [masculine pl. demonstrative and personal pron.] * see  to- 
Դ ˹ά their [Ըָʾʺ˳ƴ] *μ to- 

= =
thick
thick
AHD:[th1k] 
D.J.[G!k]
K.K.[G!k]
adj.ݴʣ
thick.er,thick.est 
Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite, usually in the smallest solid dimension; not thin:
ģһ浽ߴԴģָСĳߴ磻ģ
a thick board.
һľ
Measuring a specified number of units in this dimension:
񣺸óߴضλ
two inches thick.
Ӣ
Heavy in form, build, or stature; thickset:
ֵģ״ṹĴ׳ģʵģ
a thick neck.
ֲ
Having component parts in a close, crowded state or arrangement; dense:
ܼģɲִһպϵӵ״̬еģģ
a thick forest.
ܵĴ
Having or suggesting a heavy or viscous consistency:
ģŨȴճģŨȴճģ
thick tomato sauce.
֭
Having a great number; abounding:
ģϴģḻģ
a room thick with flies.
Ӭ
Impenetrable by the eyes:
ģۿ͸ģ
a thick fog.
Ũ
Not easy to hear or understand; indistinctly articulated:
ģ⣻ﲻģ
the thick speech of a drunkard.
һĺ˵
Producing indistinctly articulated sounds:
ģģ
the thick tongues of barbarians.
Ұ˺첻Ŀ
Noticeably affecting sound; conspicuous:
۵ģעĿģӰԶ׼ģ
a thick brogue.

Informal Lacking mental agility; stupid.
ʽ ޶۵ģȱԵģޱ
Informal Very friendly; intimate:
ʽ Ѻõģܵģ
thick friends.
ܵ
Informal Going beyond what is tolerable; excessive.
ʽ ݵģܷΧģֵ
adv.ʣ
In a thick manner; deeply or heavily:
أһֺķʽػصأ
Seashells lay thick on the beach.
ں̲
In a close, compact state or arrangement; densely:
ܼأڱպҽܵ״̬Уܵأ
Dozens of braids hung thick from the back of her head.
Ժ˺ܶı
So as to be thick; thickly:
أʹ񣻺أ
Slice the bread thick for the best French toast.
кЩԱõķʽ
n.ʣ
The thickest part.
Ĳ
The most active or intense part:
ԾҵĲ֣
in the thick of the fighting.
սҵĵط
?
thick and thin
Good and bad times:
κʱ
They remained friends through thick and thin.
κ¶Ǻ
?
Middle English thicke 
йӢ thicke 
from Old English thicce * see  tegu- 
Դ Ӣ thicce *μ tegu- 
?
thickish
adj.ݴʣ
thickly
adv.ʣ

= =
thickness
thick.ness
AHD:[th1kn1s] 
D.J.[6G!kn!s]
K.K.[6G!kn!s]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of being thick.
񣺺ʻ״̬
The dimension between two surfaces of an object, usually the dimension of smallest measure.
ȣָ֮Сһ
A layer, sheet, stratum, or ply:
㣺һ㡢šҲ㣺
Each floor is a single thickness of concrete.
ÿذΪһ

= =
thief
thief
AHD:[th?f] 
D.J.[Gi8f]
K.K.[Gif]
n.ʣ
 thieves[th?vz]  
One who steals, especially one who steals movable property by stealth rather than force.
ָ͵͵ǿֶ͵ԿɰᶯƲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th?f 
Դ Ӣ th?f 

= =
thin
thin
AHD:[th1n] 
D.J.[G!n]
K.K.[G!n]
adj.ݴʣ
thin.ner,thin.nest 
Relatively small in extent from one surface to the opposite, usually in the smallest solid dimension:
ģһ浽ߴСģָСĳߴ磺
a thin book.
һ
Not great in diameter or cross section; fine:
ϸģֱСģϸģ
thin wire.
ϸ
Lean or slender in form, build, or stature.
ݵģ̬ṹݻϸ
Not dense or concentrated; sparse:
ϡģŨģϡٵģ
the thin vegetation of the plateau.
ԭϡٵĲľ
More rarefied than normal:
ϡģϡģ
thin air.
ϡĿ
Flowing with relative ease; not viscous:
ϡģģճģ
a thin oil.
ϡ
Watery:
ˮģ
thin soup.
ϡ
Sparsely supplied or provided; scanty:
ȱģģǵعӦṩģȱģ
a thin menu; thin trading.
ûʲôɳԵĲ˵ٵĽ
Lacking force or substance; flimsy:
ģȱ򲻼̵ģģ
a thin attempt.
һҲŬ
Lacking resonance or fullness; tinny:
޻򲻱ģģ
The piano had a thin sound.
ܸٵʵ
Lacking radiance or intensity:
ģǿҵģ
thin light.
Ĺ
Not having enough photographic density or contrast to make satisfactory prints. Used of a negative.
Աȵ͵ģӰܶȲ޷ƬڵƬ
adv.ʣ
In a thin manner:

Spread the varnish thin if you don't want it to wrinkle.
㲻ͰͿ
So as to be thin:
ʹ
Cut the cheese thin.
б
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
thinned,thin.ning,thins 
To make or become thin or thinner.
ʹ䱡ʹûñЩ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thynne * see  ten- 
Դ Ӣ thynne *μ ten- 
?
thinly
adv.ʣ
thinness
n.ʣ
thinnish
adj.ݴʣ

= =
thing
thing
AHD:[th1ng] 
D.J.[G!0]
K.K.[G!0]
n.ʣ
An entity, an idea, or a quality perceived, known, or thought to have its own existence.
һʵ塢뷨Ա֪˽Ϊڵ
The real or concrete substance of an entity.
壺ʵʵ
An entity existing in space and time.
壺ڿռʱʵ
An inanimate object.

Something referred to by a word, a symbol, a sign, or an idea; a referent.
֡š־˼ָ
A creature:

the poor little thing.
С
An individual object:
壺
There wasn't a thing in sight.
пһ
Law That which can be possessed or owned. Often used in the plural:
ɡ ӵлռеĶø
things personal; things real.
˲ƲƷ
things Possessions; belongings:
 things Ʋ
packed her things and left.
ʰĶ뿪
An article of clothing:

Put on your things and let's go.
·߰
things The equipment needed for an activity or a special purpose:
 things ƷΪĳĳĿװ
Where are my cleaning things?
ҵ๤?
An object or entity that is not or cannot be named specifically:
ǻרʵ壺
What is this thing for?
Ǹõ?
An act, deed, or work:
飺ж¼Ʒ
promised to do great things.
ŵ
The result of work or activity:
ɹΪĽ
is always building things.
ܳЩɹ
A thought, a notion, or an utterance:
˼룺뷨Դǣ
What a rotten thing to say!
˵Ű
A piece of information:
Ϣ
wouldn't tell me a thing about the project.
ԸйǸƻһϢ
A means to an end:
ֶΣﵽĿĵķ
just the thing to increase sales.
ֶ
An end or objective:
յ㣬Ŀ꣺
In blackjack, the thing is to get nearest to 21 without going over.
21ʱĿȡﵽ21
A matter of concern:
£֮£
many things on my mind.
кܶ
A turn of events; a circumstance:
ƣת۵㣻
The accident was a terrible thing.
¹
things The general state of affairs; conditions:
 things ̬ձ״̬״
Beneath the smooth surface of things, something was wrong(Tom Wicker)
ƽıһЩ鷳¡(ķ)
A particular state of affairs; a situation:
棺״̬ƣ
Let's deal with this thing promptly.
Ѹٴ־
Informal A persistent illogical feeling, as a desire or an aversion; an obsession:
ʽ 飺ȳķУ
has a thing about seafood.
Ժζƫ
Informal The latest fad or fashion; the rage:
ʽ ʱ֣µʱлʽУ
Drag racing was the thing then.
ϰǸʱ
Slang An activity uniquely suitable and satisfying to one:
ٵ ʵĻֻʺĳ˻ʹĻ
Let him do his own thing.See Synonyms at forte 1
Լ°ɲμ forte1
?
first thingʽ
Right away; before anything else:
ȣ֮ǰ
Do your assignments first thing in the morning.
ҵĵһ
see things 
hear things
To have hallucinations.
þ
sure thingʽ
A certainty:
϶֮£
His election is a sure thing.
϶ѡ
Of course; certainly:
Ȼ϶
Sure thing, I'll be there!
ҿ϶ȥǶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thing 
Դ Ӣ thing 

= =
think
think
AHD:[th1ngk] 
D.J.[G!0k]
K.K.[G!0k]
v.ʣ
thought[th?t] think.ing,thinks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have or formulate in the mind.
룺ӵл˼
To reason about or reflect on; ponder:
˼˼˼
Think how complex language is. Think the matter through.
һԶôӡúÿһ
To decide by reasoning, reflection, or pondering:
Ϊͨ˼˼
thinking what to do.
ʲô
To judge or regard; look upon:
жϻΪ˼
I think it only fair.
Ϊǹƽ
To believe; suppose:
Ϊţ룺
always thought he was right.
ΪǶԵ
To expect; hope:
Σϣ
They thought she'd arrive early.
ϣ㵽
To intend:
Ҫ㣺
They thought they'd take their time.
ǴϢһ
To call to mind; remember:
䣺뵽
I can't think what her name was.
Ҽǲ
To visualize; imagine:
룺룻룺
Think what a scene it will be at the reunion.
һۻϽһ
To devise or evolve; invent:
˼ƻչ
thought up a plan to get rich quick.
һ¸ķ
To bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation:
룺ͨһ״
He thought himself into a panic over the impending examination.
ٽĿԸеֻ
To concentrate one's thoughts on:
˼ĳ˵뷨ڣ
Think languor(Diana Vreeland)
˼(ȡ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exercise the power of reason, as by conceiving ideas, drawing inferences, and using judgment.
˼磺ͨжϽб绤
To weigh or consider an idea:
ǣ˼һ뷨
They are thinking about moving.
ǰǨ
To bring a thought to mind by imagination or invention:
룺ͨ鹹һ뷨
No one before had thought of bifocal glasses.
ǰ˫۾
To recall a thought or an image to mind:
䣺һͼ
She thought of her childhood when she saw the movie.
Ӱʱͯʱ
To believe; suppose:
ţţ룺
He thinks of himself as a wit. It's later than you think.
ΪԼһӡûΪ
To have care or consideration:
Ļǣ
Think first of the ones you love.
Ҫ㰮˷ڵһλ
To dispose the mind in a given way:
ǣ̹Ȼķʽ⣺
Do you think so?
Ϊ?
adj.Informal ݴʣʽ 
Requiring much thought to create or assimilate:
˼ģҪܶ˼Դգ
a think book.
һ˼
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of deliberate or extended thinking; a meditation.
˼ϸǻ˼Ϊڤ˼
?
come to think of itʽ
When one considers the matter; on reflection:
ǣ֮ʱ˼
Come to think of it, that road back there was the one we were supposed to take.
һ룬·Ӧߵ
think aloud 
think out loud
To speak one's thoughts audibly.
ĳ˵뷨ر
think nothing of
To give little consideration to; regard as routine or usual:
мһˣǣΪƽ
thought nothing of a 50-mile trip every day.
ÿ50Ӣвмһ
think twice
To weigh something carefully:
ϸغĳ
I'd think twice before spending all that money on clothes.
ڰеǮ·֮ǰ˼
?
Middle English thenken 
йӢ thenken 
from Old English thencan * see  tong- 
Դ Ӣ thencan *μ tong- 
?
think,cerebrate,cogitate,reason,reflect,speculate
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to use the powers of the mind, as in conceiving ideas or drawing inferences: 
Щʹе˼ǡ취ʱǵ 
thought before answering;
ش֮ǰȿһ£
sat in front of the fire cerebrating;
ڻ¯ǰ˼
cogitating about business problems;
˼ҵ⣻
reasons clearly;

took time to reflect before deciding;
֮ǰʱ룻
speculating on what has happened. 
Ʋⷢʲô 

= =
third
third
AHD:[th?rd] 
D.J.[GT8d]
K.K.[GPd]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number three in a series.
ͬһ3Ӧ
One of three equal parts.
֮һȷеһ
Music 
֡ 
An interval of three degrees in a diatonic scale.
̣ȫȵļ
A tone separated by three degrees from a given tone, especially the third tone of a scale.
ȵָе
The transmission gear or gear ratio used to produce forward speeds next higher to those of second in a motor vehicle.
ڲıȵڶһٶȵıٵ򴫶
Baseball Third base.
 
thirds Merchandise whose quality is below the standard set for seconds.
 thirds ȻڶƷ׼ĲƷ
?
Middle English thridde, therdde [third] 
йӢ thridde, therdde [] 
from Old English thridda * see  trei- 
Դ Ӣ thridda *μ trei- 
?
third
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
thirdly
third.ly
AHD:[th?rdl?] 
D.J.[6GT8dli8]
K.K.[6GPdli]
adv.ʣ
In the third place, rank, or order.
λȻ

= =
thirst
thirst
AHD:[th?rst] 
D.J.[GT8st]
K.K.[GPst]
n.ʣ
A sensation of dryness in the mouth and throat related to a need or desire to drink.
ʣһֿںʺĸоҪҪˮ
The desire to drink.
ˮ
An insistent desire; a craving:
һֳ־õԸ
a thirst for knowledge.
֪
v.intr.ﶯʣ
thirst.ed,thirst.ing,thirsts 
To feel a need to drink.
ڿʣеҪˮ
To have a strong craving; yearn.See Synonyms at yearn 
ǿҵԸμ yearn
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thurst * see  ters- 
Դ Ӣ thurst *μ ters- 
?
thirster
n.ʣ

= =
thirsty
thirst.y
AHD:[th?rst?] 
D.J.[6GT8sti8]
K.K.[6GPsti]
adj.ݴʣ
thirst.i.er,thirst.i.est 
Desiring to drink.
ڿʵģҪˮ
Arid; parched:
ɺģģɵģ
thirsty fields.
ɺ
Craving something:
ģĳģ
thirsty for news.

Very absorbent:
ܴҺģи߶ˮԵģ
a thirsty sponge.
һˮ
?
thirstily
adv.ʣ
thirstiness
n.ʣ

= =
thirteen
thir.teen
AHD:[th?r-t?n] 
D.J.[GT86ti8n]
K.K.[GP6tin]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number that is equal to the sum of 12 + 1.
ʮʮһĻ
The 13th in a set or sequence.
ʮһһλӵʮλ
Something having 13 parts, units, or members.
ʮ֡Ԫʮݵĳ֯
?
Middle English thyrtene 
йӢ thyrtene 
alteration of thrittene 
 thritteneı仯 
from Old English thr?one} * see  trei- 
Դ Ӣ thr?one} *μ trei- 
?
thirteen
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
thirty
thir.ty
AHD:[th?rt?] 
D.J.[6GT8ti8]
K.K.[6GPti]
n.ʣ
 thir.ties 
The cardinal number equal to 3  10.
ʮʮĻ
thirties 
 thirties 
Often Thirties The decade from 30 to 39 in a century.
  Thirties ʮĳд굽ʮ
A decade or the numbers from 30 to 39:
3039ʱڻ֣30ࣺ
They settled down in their thirties. The temperature fell into the thirties.
ʮʱ¶Ƚʮ
An indication of the end of a news story, usually written 30.
꣬գһŹĩβָʾд30
Sports The second point that is scored by one side in tennis.
˶ һõĵڶ
?
Middle English thritty, thirty 
йӢ thritty, thirty 
from Old English throg * see  trei- 
Դ Ӣ throg *μ trei- 
?
thirty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
this
this
AHD:[Y1s] 
D.J.[H!s]
K.K.[H!s]
pron.ʣ
 these[Y?z]  
Used to refer to the person or thing present, nearby, or just mentioned:
ָǰڽἰ˻
This is my cat. These are my tools.
ҵèЩҵĹ
Used to refer to what is about to be said:
̸ָ£
Now don't laugh when you hear this.
㲻ҪЦ
Used to refer to the present event, action, or time:
⣺ָǰ顢жʱ䣺
said he'd be back before this.
˵֮ǰ
Used to indicate the nearer or the more immediate one:
ָϽĻģ
This is mine and that is yours.
ҵģǸ
adj.ݴʣ
 these 
Being just mentioned or present in space, time, or thought:
ἰĻڿռ䡢ʱǵǰģ
She left early this morning.
һ
Being nearer or more immediate:
⣺ڵģ
this side and that side.
ߺǱ
Being about to be stated or described:
̸ۻģ
Just wait till you hear this story.

Informal Used as an emphatic substitute for the indefinite article:
ʽ ڴʵضʣ
looking for this book of recipes.
Ȿʳ
adv.ʣ
To this extent; so:
ô̶ȣô
never stayed out this late.
ô
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ *μ to- 
?
This  and that  are both used as demonstrative pronouns to refer to a thought expressed earlier: 
This  that ָʾʣ ָǰ뷨 
The letter was unopened;
δ⣻
that (or this ) in itself casts doubt on the inspector's theory. That  
ǣ  ) ±˹ڵĻɡ That  
is sometimes prescribed as the better choice in referring to what has gone before (as in the preceding example).When the referent is yet to be mentioned,onlythis  is used:  
ָշʱͨΪǸʵѡǰ䣩ָδἰʱֻthis   
This (not that ) is what bothers me. 
Щ that ) ҡ 
We have no time to consider late applications.  
ûʱ俼Ǻˡ 
This  is often used in speech and informal writing as an emphatic substitute for the use of the indefinite article to refer to a specific thing or person: 
this ڶԻʽдУ Ϊǿʴ治ڴָĳضˣ 
You should talk to this friend of mine at the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Ӧڻŵ̸̸
I have this terrible feeling that I forgot to turn off the gas. 
һúĿ־С 
 This informal usage is best avoided in formal writing except where conversational tone is deliberately being sought.See Usage Note at that 
ʹöԻַʽ÷ñʽвμ that

= =
thorn
thorn
AHD:[th?rn] 
D.J.[G%8n]
K.K.[G%rn]
n.ʣ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A modified branch in the form of a sharp, woody spine.
֦һ־޸Ӳͻ֦
Any of various shrubs, trees, or woody plants bearing sharp, woody spines.
ֲκδӲͻĹľľֲ
Any of various sharp, spiny protuberances; a prickle.
̣κ̵ͻƤ
One that causes sharp pain, irritation, or discomfort:
ʹʹ̼֮
He is a thorn in my side.
ҵж
The runic letter t originally representing either sound of the Modern Englishth,  as in the  and thin,  used in Old English and Middle English manuscripts. 
ĸPŷĸtڹӢӢĸеthe  thin е th  
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
thornless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
thorough
thor.ough
AHD:[th?r?, th?r?] 
D.J.[6GT8r*&, 6GJr*&]
K.K.[6GPro, 6GJro]
adj.ݴʣ
Exhaustively complete:
ȫģȫģ
a thorough search.
׵Ѳ
Painstakingly accurate or careful:
ϸĻСĵģ
thorough research.
һ˿о
Absolute; utter:
׵ģģ
a thorough pleasure.
׵Ŀ
prep.ʣ
adv.Archaic ʣ 
Variant of through 
 throughı
?
Middle English thorow [through, thorough] 
йӢ thorow [ͨȫ] 
from Old English thuruh [from end to end, through] * see  ter- 2
Դ Ӣ thuruh [ͷβ׵] *μ ter- 2
?
thoroughly
adv.ʣ
thoroughness
n.ʣ

= =
those
those
AHD:[Y?z] 
D.J.[H*&z]
K.K.[Hoz]
pron.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Plural of that 
 thatĸ
?
Middle English thos 
йӢ thos 
from Old English th3s [these] * see  these 
Դ Ӣ th3s [Щ] *μ these

= =
though
though
AHD:[Y?] 
D.J.[H*&]
K.K.[Ho]
conj.Ӵʣ
Despite the fact that; although:
Ȼܣ
He still argues, though he knows he's wrong. Even though it was raining, she walked to work.
Ȼ֪ˣ硣ʹ꣬ҲҪȥ
Conceding or supposing that; even if:
ʹϻٶȻ
Though they may not succeed, they will still try.See Usage Note at although 
ʹǿܲɹŬԲμ although
adv.ʣ
However; nevertheless:
ǣȻ
Snow is not predicted; we can expect some rain, though.
ѩ
Informal Used as an intensive:
ʽ ǿǿ
Wouldn't that beat all, though?
ǽѵе?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[of Scandinavian origin] * see  to- 
[Դ˹ά] *μ to- 

= =
thought
thought
AHD:[th?t] 
D.J.[G%8t]
K.K.[G%t]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of think 
 thinkĹȥʽ͹ȥִ
n.ʣ
The act or process of thinking; cogitation.
˼˼Ϊ̣˼
A product of thinking.See Synonyms at idea 
뷨˼Ĳμ idea
The faculty of thinking or reasoning.
˼˼
The intellectual activity or production of a particular time or group:
ĳһʱȺ
ancient Greek thought; deconstructionist thought.
ϣƻ˼
Consideration; attention:
ǣ
didn't give much thought to what she said.
Ҫں˵ʲô
Intention; purpose.
ͼĿģ
There was no thought of coming home early.
û뵽˼
Expectation or conception:

She had no thought that anything was wrong.
֪ʲô
A trifle; a bit:
һ㣻Щ΢
You could be a thought more considerate.
Ӧö˿һЩ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English geth??ht} * see  tong- 
Դ Ӣ geth??ht} *μ tong- 

= =
thoughtful
thought.ful
AHD:[th?tfl] 
D.J.[6G%8tf*l]
K.K.[6G%tf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Engrossed in thought; contemplative.
˼ģ˼ģ˼ǵ
Exhibiting or characterized by careful thought:
ϸĵģʾϸ˼ģ
a thoughtful essay.
һƪĹ˼
Having or showing heed for the well-being or happiness of others and a propensity for anticipating their needs or wishes.
ģлֳձ˵ҸֲкͱֶԹ翼Ǳ˵ҪϣȤ
?
thoughtfully
adv.ʣ
thoughtfulness
n.ʣ
?
thoughtful,considerate,attentive,solicitous
These adjectives mean having or showing concern for the well-being of others.Althoughthoughtful  and considerate  are often used interchangeably, thoughtful  implies a tendency to 
anticipate needs or wishes, whereasconsiderate  stresses sensitivity to another's feelings:  
Щݴʵ˼ǶԱ˵ҸֳСthoughtful  considerate ͨã thoughtful ָ翼ϣ considerate ǿеԣ  
It was thoughtful of you to bring flowers.
ǿȫ
Apartment dwellers who have considerate neighbors are fortunate.
ס΢ھҸ
Attentive   suggests devoted, assiduous attention: 
Attentive  ָڵע⣺ 
The nurse was attentive to his patient,constantly checking to be sure she was comfortable.
ʿĲ˺ܹģȷʡ
Solicitous   implies deep concern that often verges on anxiety or expresses itself in exaggerated and sometimes cloying attentiveness: 
Solicitous  ָҽǵĹĻһֹʱ˷յĹģ 
For heaven's sake, Mother, I am an adult! Stop being so solicitous. See also Synonyms at  pensive 
죬裬ҶǳˣҪٹ μͬ pensive

= =
thousand
thou.sand
AHD:[thouznd] 
D.J.[6Ga&z*nd]
K.K.[6Ga&z*nd]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 10  100 or 103. 
ǧ10100103 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th?d * see  teu- 
Դ Ӣ th?d *μ teu- 
?
thousand
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
thread
thread
AHD:[thrd] 
D.J.[Gred]
K.K.[GrWd]
n.ʣ
Fine cord of a fibrous material, such as cotton or flax, made of two or more filaments twisted together and used in needlework and the weaving of cloth.
ߣšһ˿ɵά״ʵϸ˿޻˿֯Ʒͱ֯
A piece of such cord.
һϸ˿
A thin strand, cord, or filament of natural or manufactured material.
ϸ˿Ȼϸϸ߻ϸά
Something that suggests the fineness or thinness of such a strand, cord, or filament:
˿״壺ϸϸ߻ϸ˿㾫ϸʣ
a thread of smoke.
һ
Something that suggests the continuousness of such a strand, cord, or filament:
߻ϸ˿Եʣ
lost the thread of his argument.
ʧȥ֤
A helical or spiral ridge on a screw, nut, or bolt.
ƣ˿ĸݶ͵
threads Slang Clothes.
 threads ٵ ·
v.ʣ
thread.ed,thread.ing,threads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass one end of a thread through the eye of (a needle, for example).
ʹߵһ˴磬룩
To pass (something) through in the manner of a thread:
ʹĳһͨ
thread the wire through the opening.
ѵߴڴ
To pass a tape or film into or through (a device):
װ룺豸ϽƬ
thread a film projector.
װӰƬ
To pass (a tape or film) into or through a device.
װϣѣƬ豸
To connect by running a thread through; string:
ɴͨߴȥһ𣻴һ
thread beads.

To make one's way cautiously through:
Сĵͨһ·
threading dark alleys.
СشڰС
To make (one's way) cautiously through something.
Сͨĳ
To occur here and there throughout; pervade:
鲼鼰
More than 90 geologic faults thread the Los Angeles area(Science News)
ɼ鲼90ʶϲ㡱(ѧ)
To machine a thread on (a screw, nut, or bolt).
ڣڣ˿ĸݶϿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make one's way cautiously:
Сĵͨ
threaded through the shoals and sandbars.
С߹ɳ̲ˮɰ
To proceed by a winding course.
ǰ۵ĵ·ǰ
To form a thread when dropped from a spoon, as boiling sugar syrup.
³˿״еǽ׵ʱ˿״
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thr?d * see  ter- 1
Դ Ӣ thr?d *μ ter- 1
?
threader
n.ʣ

= =
threat
threat
AHD:[thrt] 
D.J.[Gret]
K.K.[GrWt]
n.ʣ
An expression of an intention to inflict pain, injury, evil, or punishment.
ףҪʹࡢ˺ͷ
An indication of impending danger or harm.
ͷΣջ˺ļ
One that is regarded as a possible danger; a menace.
вһֱΪǿܵΣգһΣ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
threat.ed,threat.ing,threats  
To threaten.
в
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thr?t [oppression] * see  treud- 
Դ Ӣ thr?t [ѹ] *μ treud- 

= =
threaten
threat.en
AHD:[thrtn] 
D.J.[6Gretn]
K.K.[6GrWt2]
v.ʣ
threat.ened,threat.en.ing,threat.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express a threat against.
вԡʾ
To be a source of danger to; menace.
вΪΣյԴв
To give signs or warning of; portend.
Ԥʾ׻򾯸棻Ԥʾ
To announce the possibility of in a threat.
Ҫвܻᷢ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express or use threats.
вʾʹв
To indicate danger or harm.
ţʾΣջ˺
?
threatener
n.ʣ
threateningly
adv.ʣ
?
threaten,menace,intimidate
These verbs mean to foretell or give signs of impending peril, evil, or injury.
ЩָԤȸ֪Σաֻ˺ļ
 Threaten   most often refers to an indication of something disquieting or ominous,to appearance or action calculated or serving to deter,or to something that is a source of danger: 
 Threaten  ָףмƻػ谭жΣյԴ 
a crack that threatened to become a split  (Booth Tarkington). 
һѿΣյķ족  ˹٣ 
No future peace can be maintained if . . . armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers  (Atlantic Charter). 
硭ʹвв֮ƽͲڡ  £ 
The heretics were persecuted . . . because their beliefs threatened the vested interest of that day  (James Harvey Robinson).
ͽܵȺΪǵв˵ʱȶ桱  ղķ˹ά޲ѷ
 Menace   frequently stresses a frightening or hostile intention, effect, or result: 
 Menace  ǿŻ˵ĵͼЧ 
A new and formidable danger menaced the western frontier  (Macaulay).Tointimidate  is to threaten and fill with fear:  
 һµĿµΣв߽硱  Intimidate ָвҳ־壺  
an overall strategy by [the country's] leaders to reaffirm their revolutionary credentials in the eyes of the . . . world, to intimidate smaller countries in the region  (Elaine Sciolino).
쵼˵ս Ƿġʸ ԿŸõС  ŵ

= =
three
three
AHD:[thr?] 
D.J.[Gri8]
K.K.[Gri]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to the sum of 2 + 1.
21֮͵Ļ
The third in a set or sequence.
һһоӵλ
Something having three parts, units, or members.
֡λԱĳ֯
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thro} * see  trei- 
Դ Ӣ thro} *μ trei- 
?
three
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
threshold
thresh.old
AHD:[thrsh?ld, -h?ld] 
D.J.[6Gre.7*&ld, -7h*&ld]
K.K.[6GrW.7old, -7hold]
n.ʣ
A piece of wood or stone placed beneath a door; a doorsill.
ż·õһľʯż
An entrance or a doorway.
ڣſ
The place or point of beginning; the outset.
㣺ʼĵطص㣻
A point separating conditions that will produce a given effect from conditions of a higher or lower degree that will not produce the effect, as the intensity below which a stimulus is of 
sufficient strength to produce sensation or elicit a response:
ޣޣֵһܲضЧӦĽޣ߻;ܲκЧӦ㹻оӦĴ̼ǿȣ
a low threshold of pain.
һʹ
?
Middle English thresshold 
йӢ thresshold 
from Old English therscold, threscold * see  ter- 1
Դ Ӣ therscold, threscold *μ ter- 1
?
Perhaps the tradition of carrying the bride over the threshold is dying out,but knowledge of the custom persists,leading one to wonder about the-hold  or the thresh-  in the word 
threshold.  Scholars are still wondering about the last part of the word,but thethresh-  can be explained. It is related to the wordthresh,  which refers to an agricultural process. This 
process of beating the stems and husks of grain or cereal plants to separate the grain or seeds from the straw was at one time done with the feet of oxen or human beings.Thus, the 
Germanic word.therskan,  or by the switching of sounds called metathesis, .threskan,  meant thresh and tread. This association with the feet is probably retained in Old 
Englishtherscold  or threscold  (Modern English threshold ), sill of a door (over which one treads).
żĴͳѹʱϰΪ֪ʹ뵽threshold е -hlod  thresh-  ѧԲʵĺ벿֣thresh- ѿ͡ ָһũҵ
thresh һйء ͨӻֲľʹ뾥ֿܷҵһţ˵Ľġˣtherskan λת threskan ʾ򡱺
̤ ֺͽŵϵڹӢtherscold  threscold ִӢ threshold Աţ ż̤ĵط

= =
thrill
thrill
AHD:[thr1l] 
D.J.[Gr!l]
K.K.[Gr!l]
v.ʣ
thrilled,thrill.ing,thrills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to feel a sudden intense sensation; excite greatly.
ʹʹеͻȻǿҵĸоʹǳ
To give great pleasure to; delight.See Synonyms at enrapture 
ʹ޴Ŀ֣˷ܲμ enrapture
To cause to quiver, tremble, or vibrate.
ʹս
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel a sudden quiver of excitement or emotion.
˷ܻ򼤶еһͻȻĲ
To quiver, tremble, or vibrate.
ս
n.ʣ
A quivering or trembling caused by sudden excitement or emotion.
ͻȻ˷ܻ򼤶ս
A source or cause of excitement or emotion.
˷ܻ򼤶Ҫ
Pathology A slight palpable vibration that often accompanies certain cardiac and circulatory abnormalities.
ѧ ĳѭ쳣Ŀɴ֪΢
?
Middle English thrillen 
йӢ thrillen 
alteration of thirlen [to pierce] 
 thirlenı仯 [Ͷ] 
from Old English thtn 
Դ Ӣ thtn 
from thtl [hole] * see  ter- 2
Դ thtl [] *μ ter- 2
?
thrillingly
adv.ʣ

= =
thrive
thrive
AHD:[throv] 
D.J.[Gra!v]
K.K.[Gra!v]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
thrived  throve [thr?v] thrived  thriv.en [thr1vn] thriv.ing,thrives 
To make steady progress; prosper.
ȶطչ
To grow vigorously; flourish:
׳ïʢ
the wild deer that throve here(Tom Clancy)
׳ɳҰ¹(ķ)
?
Middle English thriven 
йӢ thriven 
from Old Norse throk [reflexive of] throfa [to seize] 
Դ ˹ά throk  [] throfaķ [ץס] 
?
thriver
n.ʣ

= =
throat
throat
AHD:[thr?t] 
D.J.[Gr*&t]
K.K.[Grot]
n.ʣ
The anterior portion of the neck.
ǰǰĲ
Anatomy The portion of the digestive tract that lies between the rear of the mouth and the esophagus and includes the fauces and the pharynx.
ѧ ʺһ֣λڿǻ󲿺ʳ֮䣬ʺͺ
A narrow passage or part suggestive of the human throat:
ʺ뵽˵ʺխͨ
the throat of a horn.
ŽǾ
Botany The opening of a tubular corolla or calyx where the tube joins the limb.
ֲѧ ܾ״ڻչܺ;
v.tr.ﶯʣ
throat.ed,throat.ing,throats 
To pronounce with a harsh or guttural voice.
ɳƵɤ
?
ram down (someone's) throat 
shove down (someone's) throat ʽ
To compel to accept or consider:
ǿȡܻǣ
always ramming his political opinions down my throat.
Լιǿ
?
Middle English throte 
йӢ throte 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
throne
throne
AHD:[thr?n] 
D.J.[Gr*&n]
K.K.[Gron]
n.ʣ
A chair occupied by an exalted personage, such as a sovereign or bishop, on state or ceremonial occasions, often situated on a dais and sometimes having a canopy and ornate 
decoration.
Ԫ׻̵һλܸߵʽȳռݵλãλڽ̨ϣʱлǺװԵĵ׺
A personage who occupies a throne.
Ȩ֮ˣռλ
The power, dignity, or rank of such a personage; sovereignty.
ȨӵеȨϻȨλ
thrones Theology The third of the nine orders of angels.
 thrones ѧ ŵʹĵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
throned,thron.ing,thrones 
To install in or occupy a throne.
λΪռλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of trone 
 troneı仯 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin thronus 
Դ  thronus 
from Greek thronos * see  dher- 
Դ ϣ thronos *μ dher- 

= =
throng
throng
AHD:[thr?ng, thr?ng] 
D.J.[Gr%80, GrK0]
K.K.[Gr%0, Gr$0]
n.ʣ
A large group of people gathered or crowded closely together; a multitude.See Synonyms at crowd 1
ȺڣۼӵһһȺ˲μ crowd1
A large group of things; a host.
һѶһ
v.ʣ
thronged,throng.ing,throngs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To crowd into; fill:

commuters thronging the subway platform.
Ʊĳ˿ӵվ
To press in on.
ѹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather, press, or move in a throng.
Ⱥؾۼѹƶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English gethrang 
Դ Ӣ gethrang 

= =
through
through
AHD:[thr?] 
D.J.[Gru8]
K.K.[Gru]
prep.ʣ
In one side and out the opposite or another side of:
Խһ߽ԵĻһ߳
went through the tunnel.

Among or between; in the midst of:
ڡ֮л֮䣻ڡ֮У
a walk through the flowers.
ڻɢ
By way of:
ɣ
climbed in through the window.
Ӵȥ
By the means or agency of:
ͨá;ý飺
bought the antique vase through a dealer.
ͨһֻŻƿ
Into and out of the handling, care, processing, modification, or consideration of:
ͨϡӹ޸Ļǣ
Her application went through our office. Run the figures through the computer.
ͽǰ칫顣üЩ
Here and there in; around:
أ
a tour through France.
֮
From the beginning to the end of:
ͷβӿʼ
stayed up through the night.
һҹ
At or to the end of; done or finished with, especially successfully:
ָͨɹԡɣ
We are through the initial testing period.
ͨĿԽ׶
Up to and including:

a play that runs through December; a volume that covers A through D.
ӳʮµϷADһ
Past and without stopping for:
ͣ£
drove through a red light.

Because of; on account of:
Ϊǵ
She succeeded through hard work. He declined the honor through modesty.
Ŭȡ˳ɹǫ
adv.ʣ
From one end or side to another or an opposite end or side:
һߵһߣһ˻һߵһԵһ˻һߣ
opened the door and went through.
Źȥ
From beginning to end; completely:
ͷβʼգأ
I read the article once through.
Ұ´ͷβһ
Throughout the whole extent or thickness; thoroughly:
׵أͨȻȵأ׵أ
warmed the leftovers clear through; got soaked through in the rain; a letter that was shot through with the writer's personality.
ʣһ£͸ˣŹᴩߵ˸
Over the total distance; all the way:
һ·ȫ룻·
drove through to their final destination.
һ·Ŀĵ
To a conclusion or an accomplishment:
ɣ
see a matter through.
һ
adj.ݴʣ
Allowing continuous passage; unobstructed:
ͨеģͨģû谭ģ
a through street.
һߵͨ·
Affording transportation to a destination with few or no stops and no transfers:
ֱģͣ򲻾ͣҲתɵĿĵصĽͨģ
a through bus; a through ticket.
һֱĹһֱͨƱ
Continuing on a highway without exiting:
ֱģһֱڸٹ·û˳
through traffic; through lanes.
ֱｻֱͨͨ
Passing or extending from one end, side, or surface to another:
һյ㡢߻ͨ쵽һյ㡢߻棺
a through beam.
һ͸
Having finished; at completion:
ɣ֮ʣ
She was through with the project.
Ŀ
Having no further concern, dealings, or connection:
޹صģûйϸģٹġӦϵģ
I'm through with him.
Ѿͬ
Having no more use, value, or potential; washed up:
õģ;ֵǱģ˵ģ
That swimmer is through as an athlete.
ӾѡѲٵ˶Ա
?
through and through
In every part; throughout:
ÿһ֣׵أ
wet through and through.
ʪ͸
In every aspect; completely:
ÿһ棻ȫأ
a success through and through.
ȫʤ
?
Middle English thurh, through 
йӢ thurh, through 
from Old English thurh * see  ter- 2
Դ Ӣ thurh *μ ter- 2

= =
throughout
through.out
AHD:[thr?-out] 
D.J.[Gru86a&t]
K.K.[Gru6a&t]
prep.ʣ
In, to, through, or during every part of; all through:
鼰ڡ򾭹ÿ֣鼰
The road is kept open throughout the year.
·ȫ꿪ͨ
adv.ʣ
In or through all parts; everywhere:
ڻ򾭹в֣
The material is flawed throughout.
ֲϵѷ
During the entire time or extent:
ͷβȫʱΧ
Though unsure how her speech would be received, she remained calm and professional throughout.
ȷݽǷᱻܣһְֱҵ

= =
thrust
thrust
AHD:[thr?st] 
D.J.[GrJst]
K.K.[GrJst]
v.ʣ
thrust,thrust.ing,thrusts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push or drive quickly and forcibly.See Synonyms at push 
ƣ壺Ѹٶƻϲμ push
To issue or extend:
ð죺
poplars thrusting their branches upward; thrust out his finger.
֦һָͷ
To force into a specified condition or situation:
ǿƽǿн룺ʹĳض״̬
She thrust herself through the crowd. He was thrust into a position of awesome responsibility.
ȺƵһμ޵ְλ
To include or interpolate improperly.
ǡذܸ
To force on an unwilling or improper recipient:
ǿڣʹǱػǡؽܣ
Some have greatness thrust upon them(Shakespeare)
ЩǱȽΰͷεġ(ɯʿ)
Archaic To stab; pierce.
 ̣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To shove something into or at something else; push.
壬ĳһڻϣ
To pierce or stab with or as if with a pointed weapon.
̣û̻
To force one's way.
һ·
n.ʣ
A forceful shove or push.
ƣƻ
A driving force or pressure.
ϵѹ
The forward-directed force developed in a jet or rocket engine as a reaction to the high-velocity rearward ejection of exhaust gases.
ѹΪųķǰƶ
A piercing movement made with or as if with a pointed weapon; a stab.
̣ûĶ
The essence; the point:
ʣҪ㣺
The whole thrust of the project was to make money.
ƻĺӮ
Architecture Outward or lateral stress in a structure, such as an arch.
ѧ 繰ιĽṹѹ
An attack or assault, especially by an armed force.
װָװִеĽϮ
?
Middle English thrusten 
йӢ thrusten 
from Old Norse thrta * see  treud- 
Դ ˹ά thrta *μ treud- 
?
thruster
n.ʣ
thrustful
adj.ݴʣ

= =
thumb
thumb
AHD:[th?m] 
D.J.[GJm]
K.K.[GJm]
n.ʣ
The short thick digit of the human hand, next to the index finger and opposable to each of the other four digits.
ĴָڽʳָҿָԵĶ̶ֵָ
A corresponding digit in other animals, especially primates.Also called  pollex 
ָֺ鳤ĿӦֺͷҲ  pollex
The part of a glove or mitten that covers the thumb.
׵ģĴָ֣׻ָ׸ĴָĲ
Architecture An ovolo.
ѧ 
v.ʣ
thumbed,thumb.ing,thumbs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To scan (written matter) by turning over pages with or as if with the thumb.
ģ飺ûĴָдģֽ
To disarrange, soil, or wear by careless or frequent handling.
ĴָŪŪࣺڲϸĻ򾭳ʹöŪҡŪĥ
Informal To solicit (a ride) from a passing vehicle by signaling with the thumb.
ʽ Ҫ㳵·ĳĴָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To scan written matter by turning over pages with or as if with the thumb:
ģ飺ûĴָдֽ
thumbed through the latest issue of the magazine.
һ־
Informal To hitchhike.
ʽ Ҫ㳵
?
all thumbs
Lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; clumsy.
׾ģȱϵЭܻȵģ׾
thumb (one's) nose
To express scorn or ridicule by or as if by placing the thumb on the nose and wiggling the fingers.
ӵƣѻưĴָڱϲڶָԱʾŪ
thumbs down
An expression of rejection, refusal, or disapproval.
ԣܾ򷴶Եıʾ
thumbs up
An expression of approval, success, or hope.
ινУͬɹϣıʾ
under (one's) thumb
Under the control of someone; subordinate to.
ĳ˵Ŀ£
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English th?a * see  teu- 
Դ Ӣ th?a *μ teu- 
?
Thumb
Thumb
AHD:[th?m] General Tom 
D.J.[GJm]
K.K.[GJm]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Charles Sherwood Stratton 
μ  ˹ Stratton

= =
thunder
thun.der
AHD:[th?ndr] 
D.J.[6GJnd*]
K.K.[6GJnd+]
n.ʣ
The crashing or booming sound produced by rapidly expanding air along the path of the electrical discharge of lightning.
ŵ·Ѹ͵Ŀı¡¡
A sound that resembles or suggests thunder.
׵ƻʹ
v.ʣ
thun.dered,thun.der.ing,thun.ders 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce thunder.

To produce sounds like thunder.
¡죺Ūһ
To utter loud, vociferous remarks or threats.
ţţµ˵в
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express violently, commandingly, or angrily; roar.
ŭڣ񱩡ŭر
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English thunor * see  (s)ten- 
Դ Ӣ thunor *μ (s)ten- 
?
thunderer
n.ʣ

= =
thus
thus
AHD:[Y?s] 
D.J.[HJs]
K.K.[HJs]
adv.ʣ
In this manner:
ˣַʽ
Lay the pieces out thus.See Usage Note at thusly 
ڷЩμ thusly
To a stated degree or extent; so.
ﵽĳ̶ֳȻΧô
Therefore; consequently:
ˣԣ
Thus it was necessary for me to resign.
бҪְ
For example:
磺
Few of the nation's largest cities are state capitals; thus neither New York nor Chicago is the seat of its state's government.
ܶĳв׸磬ŦԼ֥Ӹ綼Ǳڵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  to- 
Դ Ӣ *μ to- 

= =
tick
tick 1
AHD:[t1k] 
D.J.[t!k]
K.K.[t!k]
n.ʣ
A light, sharp, clicking sound made repeatedly by a machine, such as a clock.
ӱȻĺҺܸߵĵ
Chiefly British A moment.
Ӣ һ˲
A light mark used to check off or call attention to an item.
Ǻţڹһһעĺı
Informal A unit on a scale; a degree:
ʽ һλһȣϵһλһȣ
when interest rates move up a tick.
ϵһʱ
v.ʣ
ticked,tick.ing,ticks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To emit recurring clicking sounds:
죺ĵ
as the clock ticked.
ӵʱ
To function characteristically or well:
жصػУ
machines ticking away; curious about what makes people tick.
еĻµĶܺ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To count or record with or as if with the sound of ticks:
વવؼ¼ʱ䣺ûõ¼
a clock ticking the hours; a taxi meter ticking the fare.
ʱӵ˺üСʱ⳵Ƴ㳵
To mark or check off (a listed item) with a tick:
üǺűһǻ򹴵гһ
ticked off each name as the roll was called.
ʱÿԱߴһ
?
tick off ʽ
To make angry or annoyed:
ŭʹŭߣ
Constant delays ticked me off.
صʹҺ
?
Middle English tek [light tap] 
йӢ tek [] 
?
tick
tick 2
AHD:[t1k] 
D.J.[t!k]
K.K.[t!k]
n.ʣ
Any of numerous small bloodsucking parasitic arachnids of the family Ixodidae, many of which transmit febrile diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.
ʭࣺܿƵĶСѪζԴɽȺķϲȲ
Any of various usually wingless, louselike insects of the family Hippobosciddae that are parasitic on sheep, goats, and other animals.
ʭʭӬƵĶּɽϵʭ޳
?
Middle English teke, tik 
йӢ teke, tik 
perhaps from Old English *ticca 
Դ Ӣ *ticca 
?
tick
tick 3
AHD:[t1k] 
D.J.[t!k]
K.K.[t!k]
n.ʣ
A cloth case for a mattress or pillow.
ףףװͷĲ
A light mattress without inner springs.
ӣڲеɵʹ
Ticking.
޲Ƥõļ޲鲼
?
Middle English tikke 
йӢ tikke 
probably from Middle Dutch toe 
Դ йź toe 
ultimately from Latin th?a [receptacle] 
Դ  th?a [ܽܵ] 
from Greek th??} * see  dh?- 
Դ ϣ th??} *μ dh?- 
?
tick
tick 4
AHD:[t1k] 
D.J.[t!k]
K.K.[t!k]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Credit or an amount of credit.
ãǷûһִ
?
Short for ticket 
 ticketļд

= =
ticket
tick.et
AHD:[t1k1t] 
D.J.[6t!k!t]
K.K.[6t!k!t]
n.ʣ
Abbr. tkt.A paper slip or card indicating that its holder has paid for or is entitled to a specified service, right, or consideration:
д tkt.Ʊȯ֤֧ȨĳضķȨ򱨳ֽƬ
a theater ticket; an airline ticket.
ϷƱɻƱ
A certifying document, especially a captain's or pilot's license.
ִգָԱִյ֤ļ
An identifying or descriptive tag attached to merchandise; a label.
ǩƱǩƷϵıԻԵıǩǩ
A list of candidates proposed or endorsed by a political party; a slate.
ѡĳϿɵĺѡѡ
A legal summons, especially for a traffic violation.
ƱָڽͨΥĺϷ
The proper or desirable thing:
ʻҪĶ
A change of scene would be just the ticket for us.
ı任Ҫ
Informal A means to an end:
ʽ ƻ滮ﵽĳĿĵķ
He went to Washington . . . to become press secretary . . . it was his ticket out of the Delta(Nicholas Lamann)
ȥ˻ʢ١һ顭뿪¶ķ(˹)
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tick.et.ed,tick.et.ing,tick.ets 
To provide with a ticket for passage or admission:
ΪƱһƱʹͨл򱻽գ
ticket all passengers through to Amsterdam.
г˿ṩȥķ˹صƱ
To attach a ticket to; tag.See Synonyms at mark 1
ӱǩڡһűǩϣϱǩμ mark1
To designate for a specified use or end; destine:
ıƻΪﵽһض;ĿĶƣı
funds that have been ticketed for research.
оʹõĻ
To serve (an offender) with a legal summons:
ԡƱϷشΥߣ
ticket a speeding motorist.
һٵĦг
?
Obsolete French etiquet [label, note] 
ѷϷ etiquet [ǩע] 
from Old French estiquet [notice, label] 
Դ ŷ estiquet [֪ͨǩ] 
from Old Spanish etiqueta 
Դ  etiqueta 
from Old French estiquet [post serving as a target in certain sports] 
Դ ŷ estiquet [ĳЩ˶Ŀ] 
from estiquier [to stick] 
Դ estiquier [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  steig- 
[Դն] *μ steig- 
?
The resemblance in form between the wordsticket  and etiquette  is not accidental. Both words have the same ultimate source, Old Frenchestiquet,  but each was borrowed into English 
at a different time and with a different meaning.Old Frenchestiquet  meant a note, label. Having been changed in form toetiquet  in French, the word was adopted into English in the 
16th century (first recorded in 1528)in a form,tiket,  without the initiale.  The earliest uses of the word in English were in the senses a short written notice, a notice posted in a 
public place, and a written certification.The word is first recorded with reference to something like a ticket of admission in 1673.In French, meanwhile, the word (in the 
formetiquette  in the 18th century) came to mean ceremonial; court ceremonies were noted down or labeled in a book known asl'tiquette.  The French word was borrowed again into 
English, this time in its French form, which is first recorded in 1750.
ticket  etiquette ʽƲżȻ ǴӸԴڹŷеestiquet ʣ ǱõӢеʱ䲻ͬ˼Ҳһŷеestiquet 
˼ǡע⣬ǩ ڷбetiquet  16ʱյӢУּ1528꣩ʽtiket,  û׵e.  Ӣе˼
дú̵֪ܶͨڹͨ桱ּ֤͡Ϊ1673ʱʹõһ볡ȯĶͬʱڷУ(18ʱʽ
etiquette )˼ǡʽġ һI'etiqutte ﱻΪ͢ʽ ּ1750꣬һαӢʹķʽ

= =
tide
tide 1
AHD:[tod] 
D.J.[ta!d]
K.K.[ta!d]
n.ʣ
The periodic variation in the surface level of the oceans and of bays, gulfs, inlets, and estuaries, caused by gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.
ϫ̫ɵĺ󡢺塢ˮ弰ӿڵȴˮ߶ȵԱ仯
A specific occurrence of such a variation:
ǳֱ߳仯һξķ
awaiting the next high tide.
ȴһǳ
Flood tide.
ǳ
Stress exerted on a body or part of a body by gravitational attraction of another:
Ӧһʩĳĳֵ
atmospheric tide; the tides that wrack Saturn's moons.
ƻǵӦ
Something that fluctuates like the waters of the tide:
ƣˮһ仯Ķ
a rising tide of discontent.See Synonyms at flow 
ǿĲμ flow
A time or season. Often used in combination:
ʱڣʱ򼾽ڡڸϴʣ
eventide; Christmastide; Shrovetide.
ƻ裻ʥʱڣڽ
A favorable occasion; an opportunity.
ʱĳϣ
v.ʣ
tid.ed,tid.ing,tides 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise and fall like the tide.
ǣ䣺ˮһǺ
Nautical To drift or ride with the tide:
 泱ˮƯ泱ˮƮ˳У
tided off the reef; tiding up the Hudson.
˳ʻ밵˳ʻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry along with or as if with the tide.
Żųһ
?
tide over
To support through a difficult period:
֧֡ȹһʱڣ
I asked for $100 to tide me over till payday.
Ҫ100Ԫڷ֮ǰȹѹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tod [division of time] * see  d3- 
Դ Ӣ tod [ʱĻ] *μ d3- 
?
tide
tide 2
AHD:[tod] 
D.J.[ta!d]
K.K.[ta!d]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
tid.ed,tid.ing,tides  
To betide; befall.

?
Middle English tiden 
йӢ tiden 
from Old English ton * see  d3- 
Դ Ӣ ton *μ d3- 

= =
tidy
ti.dy
AHD:[tod?] 
D.J.[6ta!di8]
K.K.[6ta!di]
adj.ݴʣ
ti.di.er,ti.di.est 
Orderly and neat in appearance or procedure.See Synonyms at neat 1
ģĲμ neat1
Informal Adequate; satisfactory:
ʽ ģǡģģ
a tidy arrangement.
ǡİ
Informal Substantial; considerable:
ʽ мֵģ൱ģ
a tidy sum.
һ൱Ŀ
v.ʣ
ti.died,ti.dy.ing,ti.dies 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put in order:
ʹ
tidied up the house.
ѷʰþ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make things tidy:
ʹĳࣺ
tidied up after dinner.
ʰ
n.ʣ
 ti.dies 
A decorative protective covering for the arms or headrest of a chair.
ֲС沼ӷֻͷϵװԱ
?
Middle English tidi [in season, healthy] 
йӢ tidi [ֵģ] 
from tide [time] * see  tide 1
Դ tide [ʱ] *μ tide1
?
tidily
adv.ʣ
tidiness
n.ʣ

= =
tie
tie
AHD:[to] 
D.J.[ta!]
K.K.[ta!]
v.ʣ
tied,ty.ing[to1ng] ties 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fasten or secure with or as if with a cord, rope, or strap:
ϵ˨û˩סס
tied the kite to a post; tie up a bundle.
ѷ˩ϣһ
To fasten by drawing together the parts or sides and knotting with strings or laces:
ϵѸֻһôӻӴϽ˩ס
tied her shoes.
ϵЬ
To make by fastening ends or parts:
᣺Ѷ˲ְһƳɣ
tie a knot.
ϵһ
To put a knot or bow in:
ڡڣڡϴһ᣺
tie a neck scarf.
ϵΧ
To confine or restrict as if with cord:
ԼûһԼƣ
duties that tied him to the office.
ְ˩˰칫
To bring together in relationship; connect or unite:
ӣϵһϵŽ᣺
friends who were tied by common interests; people who are tied by blood or marriage.
ͬϵһѣѪԵϵһ
To equal (an opponent or an opponent's score) in a contest.
롭ƾУڱ루ֵֻĵ÷֣ƽ
To equal an opponent's score in (a contest):
롭ƽ֣ڱУֵĵ÷ֳƽ
tied the game with minutes remaining.
˫ڻʣ¼ʱȷֳƽ
Music To join (notes) by a tie.
֡ ߰ѣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be fastened or attached:
󣺱ϻϵϣ
The apron ties at the back.
ϵڱΧȹ
To achieve equal scores in a contest.
ƽ֣ڱȡͬıȷ
n.ʣ
A cord, string, or other means by which something is tied.
ϵĳӻ
Something that connects or unites; a link:
ӣߣϵϵĶ
a blood tie; marital ties.
ѪԵϵϵ
A necktie.

A beam or rod that joins parts and gives support.
ӲϣѸ֧õ
One of the beams, usually made of wood, that are laid across a railroad bed to secure the rails.
ľ·Թ̶еһͨΪľ
An equality of scores, votes, or performance in a contest:
ƽ֣ھȵĵ÷֡ѡƱݣ
The election ended in a tie.
ѡƱͬճ
A contest so resulting; a draw.
ƽ֣ճľƽ
Music A curved line above or below two notes of the same pitch, indicating that the tone is to be sustained for their combined duration.
֡ ֣ߣͬߵ֮ϻ֮µһߣʾҪϳǹеĳ
?
tie in
To bring into or have a close or effective relation; connect or coordinate:
ʹϳһ壺ʹлЧĹϵϵЭ
two events that do not tie in; tying the movie promotion in with the book sales.
޷ЭӰƬƷϵ
tie into
To attack energetically.
ع
tie up
Nautical To secure or be secured to a shore or pier; dock.
 Σ̶򱻹̶ͷϣͣ
To impede the progress of; block:
谭Ľչ
The accident tied up traffic.
¹˽ͨ
To keep occupied; engage:
ʹæµ£
She was tied up in a meeting all morning. The phone was tied up for an hour.
綼ڿᡣ绰æһСʱ
To place (funds) so as to make inaccessible for other uses:
ãʽ𣩣ѣʽĳʹ֮޷Ųã
tied up her cash in long-term investments.
ֽͶ뵽Ͷ
?
tie one onٵ
To become intoxicated; go on a drinking spree.
ģμӳ
tie the knotٵ
To get married.

To perform a marriage ceremony.
нʽ
?
Middle English tien 
йӢ tien 
from Old English ton * see  deuk- 
Դ Ӣ ton *μ deuk- 

= =
tiger
ti.ger
AHD:[togr] 
D.J.[6ta!g*]
K.K.[6ta!g+]
n.ʣ
A large carnivorous feline mammal(Panthera tigris)  of Asia, having a tawny coat with transverse black stripes. 
һ޵ĴʳèƲ鶯 ëƤƺɫкĺɫ 
Any of various similar wild felines, such as the jaguar, mountain lion, or lynx.
èƶ޻ɽʨɽèƵҰèƶ
A person regarded as aggressive, audacious, or fierce.
׶ˣ֮ͽΪҰġ±çײе
?
Middle English tigre 
йӢ tigre 
from Old English tigras [tigers] 
Դ Ӣ tigras [] 
and from Old French tigre 
Դ ŷ tigre 
both from Latin tigris 
Դ  tigris 
from Greek * see  steig- 
Դ ϣ *μ steig- 
?
tigerish
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tight
tight
AHD:[tot] 
D.J.[ta!t]
K.K.[ta!t]
adj.ݴʣ
tight.er,tight.est 
Fixed or fastened firmly in place:
ģι̵ģܽع̶һطģ
a tight lid; tight screws; a tight knot.
ܽĸӣšúܽ˿ϵúܽĽ
Stretched or drawn out fully:
ģģ쳤ģ
a tight wire; a tight drumhead.
úܽߣúܽĹĤ
Of such close construction as to be impermeable:
ܷģ©ģṹ͸ˮģ
cloth tight enough to hold water; warm in our tight little cabin.
ϽҲ͸ˮǽʵСů
Leaving little empty space through compression; compact:
ܼģͨѹºٿռģܵģ
a tight suitcase; a tight weave.
ѹúʵ䣻֯
Affording little spare time; full:
յģṩٵĿʱģģ
a tight schedule.
ŵʱ
Closely reasoned or concise:
ܻģ
a tight argument; a tight style of writing.
֤ܵд
Fitting close or too close to the skin; snug:
ģģػƤϵģģ
a tight collar; a fit that was much too tight.
ӣڽ·
Slang Personally close; intimate:
ٵ ˼еģܵģ
me and the D.A., who happen to be very tight with one another(Tom Wolfe)
ҺλѧʿɹϵС(ķֶ)
Experiencing a feeling of constriction:
һѹȸеģ
a tight feeling in the chest.
زһѹȸ
Reluctant to spend or give; stingy.
ĵģԸ⻨ѻģĵ
Obtainable with difficulty or only at a high price:
ѵõģѻԸ߼۵õģ
tight money.

Affected by scarcity:
ƷѵõģϡӰģ
a tight market.
Ӧг
Difficult to deal with or get out of:
鷳ģֵģѴģ
a tight spot.

Barely profitable:
ͼģ
a tight bargain.
һ΢Ľ
Closely contested; close:
ƾеģƾеģµģ
a tight match.
ƾеı
Chiefly British Neat and trim in appearance or arrangement.
Ӣ ģ
Marked by full control over elements or subordinates; firm:
ϸģԶƷ¼ȫ̿Ϊģϸģ
tight management; a tight orchestral performance.
ϸĹ뻮һĹֶݳ
Slang Intoxicated; drunk.
ٵ ˵ģ
Baseball Inside.
 ڵ
adv.ʣ
tighter,tightest 
Firmly; securely.
ʵأι̵
Soundly:
أ
sleep tight.
˯ú
Snugly or with constriction:
أػѹȵأ
My shoes are laced too tight.
ҵЬϵ̫
?
Middle English [dense] 
йӢ [Ũܵ] 
[of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
tightly
adv.ʣ
tightness
n.ʣ
?
tight,taut,tense
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is not slack or loose on account of being pulled or drawn out fully: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡڳչϲɳڻɢ 
a tight skirt;
ܽȹӣ
taut sails;
˵ķ
tense piano strings. See also Synonyms at  stingy 
ĸ μͬ stingy
?
Tight  is used as an adverb following verbs that denote a process of closure or constriction, assqueeze, shut, close, tie,  and hold.  In this useit is subtly distinct from the adverbtightly. 
Tight   denotes the state resulting from the process,whereastightly  denotes the manner of its application. As such,tight  is more appropriate when the focus is on a state that endures for 
some time after the activity has ended. The sentenceShe closed up the house tight  suggests preparation for an impending blizzard. By the same token, it is more natural to sayThe 
windows were frozen tight  than The windows were frozen tightly,  since in this case the tightness of the seal is not likely to be the result of the manner in which the windows were 
frozen.With a few verbstight  is used idiomatically as an intensive and is the only possible form: sleep tight; sit tight. Tight  can be used only following the verb:The house was tightly  
(not tight ) shut.  
Tight ڱʾرջѹȹ̵Ķʺ squeezeshutclosetie  hold  ÷У븱tightlyϸ΢Ĳ Tight  ʾ̵µ״̬tightly ʾ
ʹЩķʽ ˣڶȻܳһʱ״̬ʱtight Ϊǡ ѷӵŴع бʾ׼ӭӼıѩ ͬ
˵The windows were frozen tight  The windows were frozen tightly ΪȻ ΪܷⲻǴӱϵĽtight 뼸ʽϹΪǿĳɷ
Ψһܵʽ sleep tight sit tight Tight  ֻڶʺ󣺷ӽ  tight ) ر  

= =
tile
tile
AHD:[tol] 
D.J.[ta!l]
K.K.[ta!l]
n.ʣ
A thin, flat or convex slab of hard material such as baked clay or plastic, laid in rows to cover walls, floors, and roofs.
ƬשÿճϵӲʲƳɵıƽ͹Ŀ壬Űڷǽ桢ذͷ
A short length of pipe made of clay or concrete, used in sewers and drains.
߹ܣճƳˮˮĶ̹ܵ
A hollow fired clay or concrete block used for building walls.
שճǽĿĲ
Tiles considered as a group.
ߵܳ
Games A marked playing piece, as in mahjong.
Ϸ 齫ƣ齫ʹõбǵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
tile floors; a tile roof.
ذ壻ݶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tiled,til.ing,tiles 
To cover or provide with tiles.
߸ǻṩ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tigele 
Դ Ӣ tigele 
from Latin t?a 
Դ  t?a 
from tegere [to cover] * see  (s)teg- 
Դ tegere [] *μ (s)teg- 

= =
till
till 1
AHD:[t1l] 
D.J.[t!l]
K.K.[t!l]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tilled,till.ing,tills 
To prepare (land) for the raising of crops, as by plowing and harrowing; cultivate.
ͨΪֲׯ׼أ׼أ
?
Middle English tilen 
йӢ tilen 
from Old English tilian 
Դ Ӣ tilian 
?
tillable
adj.ݴʣ
?
till
till 2
AHD:[t1l] 
D.J.[t!l]
K.K.[t!l]
prep.ʣ
Until.
ֱ
conj.Ӵʣ
Until.
ֱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English til 
Դ Ӣ til 
from Old Norse 
Դ ˹ά 
?
Till  and until  are generally interchangeable in both writing and speech, though as the first word in a sentenceuntil  is usually preferred:  
Till  until ձΪڿжͨã Ϊӵĵһʱuntil Ϊã  
Until you get that paper written don't even think about going to the movies.  
ƪдˣȥӰ 
Till  is actually the older word, withuntil  having been formed by the addition to it of the prefix un-,  meaning up to. In the 18th centurythe spelling'till  became fashionable, as iftill  
were a shortened form of until.  Although'till  is now nonstandard, 'til  is sometimes used in this way and is considered acceptable, though it is etymologically incorrect. 
Till ʵнʹõһ ǰһʾֱǰ׺un-  until  18ͣ'till ƴдʽʱ֣ ƺtill  until дʽ 'till 
Ǳ׼÷ ʹӴԴѧǶȽǲȷģ'til ʱʹãұΪǿԽܵ 
?
till
till 3
AHD:[t1l] 
D.J.[t!l]
K.K.[t!l]
n.ʣ
A drawer, small chest, or compartment for money, as in a store.
Ǯĳ룺̵Ǯõĳ롢Сӻָ
A supply of money; a purse.
ǮǮ
?
Middle English tille 
йӢ tille 
?
till
till 4
AHD:[t1l] 
D.J.[t!l]
K.K.[t!l]
n.ʣ
Glacial drift composed of an unconsolidated, heterogeneous mixture of clay, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders.
ӣճɳӡʯӡԲʯʯȶֳɷֻϹɵĲ̵ı
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
tilt
tilt 1
AHD:[t1lt] 
D.J.[t!lt]
K.K.[t!lt]
v.ʣ
tilt.ed,tilt.ing,tilts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to slope, as by raising one end; incline:
ʹб̧ͨһʹ֮бʹб
tilt a soup bowl; tilt a chair backward.
бʹӺ
To aim or thrust (a lance) in a joust.
óị̀ڸ׼Ͷì
To charge (an opponent); attack.
򣨶֣
To forge with a tilt hammer.
ʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To slope; incline.See Synonyms at slant 
бμ slant
To favor one side over another in a dispute; lean:
ƫһƫ
His views tilt unmistakably to the Arab position(William Safire)
Ĺ۵ʵһ(ƶ)
To fight with lances; joust.
óì䣻
To engage in a combat or struggle; fight:
ս
tilting at injustices.
벻
n.ʣ
The act of tilting or the condition of being tilted.
ббʹбΪб״̬
An inclination from the horizontal or vertical; a slant:
б棺ˮƽֱ״̬бб棺
adjusting the tilt of a writing table.
б
A sloping surface, as of the ground.
б£б
A tendency to favor one side in a dispute:
ƫִһƣ
the court's tilt toward conservative rulings.
ͥƫڱɵĲö
An implicit preference; a bias:
ƫ
pitilessly illuminates the inaccuracies and tilts of the press(Nat Hentoff)
ضŽʧƫع⡱(ءи)
A medieval sport in which two mounted knights with lances charged together and attempted to unhorse one another.
ϱǹһ͵˶ֳֳʿ๥ʹԷ
A thrust or blow with a lance.
óì̻
A combat, especially a verbal one; a debate.
ָۣͷϵ
A tilt hammer.
ִ
New England See  seesaw See Regional Note at teeter-totter 
Ӣ μ  seesaw μ teeter-totter
?
at full tiltʽ
At full speed:
ȫ٣
a tank moving at full tilt.
ȫǰ̹
?
Middle English tilten [to cause to fall] 
йӢ tilten [ʹ] 
[perhaps of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
tilter
n.ʣ
?
tilt
tilt 2
AHD:[t1lt] 
D.J.[t!lt]
K.K.[t!lt]
n.ʣ
A canopy or an awning for a boat, wagon, or cart.
񣺴򳵵Ķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tilt.ed,tilt.ing,tilts 
To cover (a vehicle) with a canopy or an awning.
ڸǣöڸǣͨߣ
?
Middle English telte [tent] 
йӢ telte [] 
from Old English teld 
Դ Ӣ teld 

= =
timber
tim.ber
AHD:[t1mbr] 
D.J.[6t!mb*]
K.K.[6t!mb+]
n.ʣ
Trees or wooded land considered as a source of wood.
ľľԴľɭ
Wood used as a building material; lumber.
ľģĵľԭľ
A dressed piece of wood, especially a beam in a structure.
ľһľϣָݽṹеĺ
Nautical A rib in a ship's frame.
 ǣе
A person considered to have qualities suited for a particular activity:
ʣʣΪнĳֻʵˣ
That trainee is executive timber.
Ǹѵ߾쵼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tim.bered,tim.ber.ing,tim.bers 
To support or frame with timbers:
ľ֧Ż죺
timber a mine shaft.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English [building, trees for building] * see  dem- 
Դ Ӣ [ϵľ] *μ dem- 

= =
time
time
AHD:[tom] 
D.J.[ta!m]
K.K.[ta!m]
n.ʣ
Abbr. t.,T.
д t.,T.
A nonspatial continuum in which events occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
ʱ䣺¼ӹȥδԲת˳ķǿռԵ
An interval separating two points on this continuum; a duration:
һʱ䣺֮ļʱ䣺
a long time since the last war; passed the time reading.
ϴսܳһʱ䣻Զĥʱ
A number, as of years, days, or minutes, representing such an interval:
ꡢջֵȴһʱ֣
ran the course in a time just under four minutes.
ڲķӵʱȫ
A similar number representing a specific point on this continuum, reckoned in hours and minutes:
ʱ̣СʱͷĴض֣
checked her watch and recorded the time, 6:17a.m.  
˿ʱ䣬 6:17 
A system by which such intervals are measured or such numbers are reckoned:
ʱͼֵϵͳ
solar time.
̫ʱ
Often times An interval, especially a span of years, marked by similar events, conditions, or phenomena; an era:
  times ʱָ¼״Ϊ־һʱ䣻ʱ
hard times; a time of troubles.
ʱڣʱ
times The present with respect to prevailing conditions and trends:
 times ʱƣӳ״Ƶֽ״
You must change with the times.
ʱƵתı
A suitable or opportune moment or season:
ʵʱʻ˵ʱ򼾽ڣ
a time for taking stock of one's life.
һ˵һ۵ʱ
Periods or a period designated for a given activity:
涨ʱ䣺ָضһλʱ䣺
harvest time; time for bed.
ջڣ˯ʱ
Periods or a period necessary or available for a given activity:
ʱ䣺ضıҪеһ׶Σ
I have no time for golf.
ûʱ߶
A period at one's disposal:
ɹԼ֧ʱ䣺
Do you have time for a chat?
ʱһ?
An appointed or fated moment, especially of death or giving birth:
ʱޣһָעʱָ̣
He died before his time. Her time is near.
ˡٲڿ쵽
One of several instances:
֮һ
knocked three times; addressed Congress for the last time before retirement.
£ǰһݽ
times Used to indicate the number of instances by which something is multiplied or divided:
 times ʾĳﱻ˻Ĵ
This tree is three times taller than that one. My library is many times smaller than hers.
ǿҵĲٺü
One's lifetime.
˵һ
One's period of greatest activity or engagement.
һԾöʱ
A person's experience during a specific period or on a certain occasion:
ʱ⣺һĳʱĳеľ
had a good time at the party.
úܺ
A period of military service.

A period of apprenticeship.
ѧͽ
Informal A prison sentence.
ʽ 
The customary period of work:
ճʱ䣺
hired for full time.
רְ
The period spent working.
ʱ
The hourly pay rate:
ʱнÿСʱǮ
earned double time on Sundays.
˫ݹ
The period during which a radio or television program or commercial is broadcast:
ʱ䣺㲥нĿҵ沥ʱ䣺
There's television time to buy(Brad Goldstein)
ԹĵӲʱ䡱(¡̹)
The rate of speed of a measured activity:
ʣнжʣ
marching in double time.
Կٶн
Music 
֡ 
The characteristic beat of musical rhythm:
ӣֽضӣ
three-quarter time.

The rate of speed at which a piece of music is played; the tempo.
ٶȣƷʣٶ
Chiefly British The hour at which a pub closes.
Ӣ ƹݹʱ
Sports A time-out.
˶ ͣ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or measuring time.
ʱģڡйػⶨʱ
Constructed so as to operate at a particular moment:
ʱģԱĳһʱģ
a time release.
ʱ
Payable on a future date or dates.
ڵģδĳĳЩʱڳ
Of or relating to installment buying:
йأڹģ
time payments.
ڸ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
timed,tim.ing,times 
To set the time for (an event or occasion).
Ϊĳ»ĳϣȷʱ
To adjust to keep accurate time.
׼Ա׼ȷʱ
To adjust so that a force is applied or an action occurs at the desired time:
šٶȣͨʹԤʱʩʹĳ·
timed his swing so as to hit the ball squarely.
ҡڶԱû
To record the speed or duration of:
¼ٶȻʱ䳤ȣ
time a runner.
ܲ߼ʱ
To set or maintain the tempo, speed, or duration of:
趨򱣳ӡٶȻʱ
time a manufacturing process.
̵ʱ
?
against time
With a quickly approaching time limit:
ֶأأʱ޺ܿҪ˵أ
worked against time to deliver the manuscript before the deadline.
ֶعԱ޵ǰָ
at one time
Simultaneously.
ͬʱ
At a period or moment in the past.
ڹȥĳһʱ̻ĳʱ
at the same time
However; nonetheless.
ǣȻ
at times
On occasion; sometimes.
ʱ
behind the times
Out-of-date; old-fashioned.
ʱģ¾ɵ
for the time being
Temporarily.
ʱ
from time to time
Once in a while; at intervals.
ʱʱ
high time
Long overdue:
ѳʱ䣺
It's high time that you started working.
ÿʼ
in good time
In a reasonable length of time.
ʱѸ٣ںʵһʱ
When or before due.
ʱڵʱڴ֮ǰ
Quickly.
Ѹٵ
in no time
Almost instantly; immediately.
ϵأ
in time
Before a time limit expires.
ʱʱ޵֮ǰ
Within an indefinite time; eventually:
ڣڲʱڣգ
In time they came to accept the harsh facts.
ճϿʵ
Music In the proper tempo.
֡ 
on time
According to schedule; punctual or punctually.
ʱ׼ʱʱģ׼ʱģأ
By paying in installments.
Էڸʽ
time after time
Again and again; repeatedly.
һһεأظ
time and again
Again and again; repeatedly.
һһΣظ
time of (one's) life
A highly pleasurable experience:
ǳľ
We had the time of our lives at the beach.
ں̲϶ȹʱ
time on (one's) hands
An interval with nothing to do.
¿ļ϶
time was
There was once a time:
һʱ
Time was when[urban gangs]  were part of a . . . subculture that inner-city adolescence outgrew (George F. Will)
иʱڵѳɳˣ[Ⱥ] ĻȺһ֡ (F.)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English toa * see  d3- 
Դ Ӣ toa *μ d3- 

= =
timely
time.ly
AHD:[toml?] 
D.J.[6ta!mli8]
K.K.[6ta!mli]
adj.ݴʣ
time.li.er,time.li.est 
Occurring at a suitable or opportune time; well-timed.See Synonyms at opportune 
ʱģһʵ˵ʱ䷢ģʱĲμ opportune
Archaic Coming too early; premature.
 ̫ģ
adv.ʣ
In time; opportunely.
ʱأʱ
Archaic Early; soon.
 أܿ
?
timeliness
n.ʣ

= =
timetable
time.ta.ble
AHD:[tomt3bl] 
D.J.[6ta!m7te!b*l]
K.K.[6ta!m7teb*l]
n.ʣ
A schedule listing the times at which certain events, such as arrivals and departures at a transportation station, are expected to take place.
ʱ̱һгĳЩԤʱ罻ͨվнͨߵ뿪

= =
timid
tim.id
AHD:[t1m1d] 
D.J.[6t!m!d]
K.K.[6t!m!d]
adj.ݴʣ
tim.id.er,tim.id.est 
Lacking self-confidence; shy.
ӵģȱĵģߵ
Fearful and hesitant:
ӵģµģԥģ
problems that call for bold, not timid, responses.
Ҫ¸ҶųȥԵ
?
Latin timidus 
 timidus 
from tim?e [to fear] 
Դ tim?e [] 
?
timidity  
timidness
n.ʣ
timidly
adv.ʣ
?
timid,timorous
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is hesitating to take action or assert oneself out of fear, apprehensiveness, or lack of self-confidence: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡں¡־ȱŶҲȡжԼ 
too timid to protest;
ųҷ
timorous of venturing an opinion. 
ڵӶҷ 

= =
tin
tin
AHD:[t1n] 
D.J.[t!n]
K.K.[t!n]
n.ʣ
Symbol Sn A malleable, silvery metallic element obtained chiefly from cassiterite. It is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion and is a part of numerous alloys, such as soft 
solder, pewter, type metal, and bronze. Atomic number 50; atomic weight 118.69; melting point 231.89=C; boiling point 2,270=C; specific gravity 7.31; valence 2, 4.See table at element 
 Sn һɫչĽԪأҪʯлȡڰԷֹʴҲǸֺϽϡǦֺϽͭһ֡ԭ50ԭ
Ϊ118.69۵231.89=Cе2,270=C7.31ԭӼ2,4μ element
Tin plate.

A container or box made of tin plate.
Ƴɵ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A container for preserved foodstuffs; a can.
ͷʳƷͷ
The contents of such a container.
ͷʳƷһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tinned,tin.ning,tins 
To plate or coat with tin.
ϻ
Chiefly British To preserve or pack in tins; can.
Ӣ װͷѡװڹͷУͷ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or made of tin.
ƵģģйصĻƳɵ
Constructed of inferior material.
ʵģɲֵǮĲƳɵ
Spurious.
ٵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
The history of the wordtin  may take us back to a time before Europe had been settled by speakers of Indo-European languages, such as the Germanic and Celtic languages. Related 
words for this metal are found in almost all Germanic languages,such as GermanZinn,  Swedish tenn,  and Old English tin  (as in Modern English), but no other Indo-European language 
family has such a word.The word may have been borrowed into the Germanic languages from a pre-Indo-European language of Western Europe.Such borrowing is supported by the 
factthat during the Bronze Age the Near East imported most of its tin and copper from Europe, where the metals were produced and metal objects were manufactured.Lest we be too 
amazed by this accomplishment,we might remember another remarkable achievement of pre-Indo-European society, the construction of huge megalithic monuments such as 
Stonehenge.
tin ʷ԰ǴؽӡŷϵԣնͿŷ޶ǰǸʱ ڼеնжҵָֽشʣ
zinn е tenn ԼŴӢе tin ִӢһ ӡŷϵжûһʡʿǴŷǰӡŷϵԽնġ
תоݿģΪͭʱĴͭǴͽߵŷġǿܶԵʱŷ޵ֳɾ͸е죬뵽ǰӡŷϵ
һܳɾ͡;ʯʯĽ죬ǾͲеô

= =
tiny
ti.ny
AHD:[ton?] 
D.J.[6ta!ni8]
K.K.[6ta!ni]
adj.ݴʣ
ti.ni.er,ti.ni.est 
Extremely small; minute.See Synonyms at small 
СģСģ΢СĲμ small
?
Alteration of Middle English tine 
 йӢ tineı仯 
?
tininess
n.ʣ

= =
tip
tip 1
AHD:[t1p] 
D.J.[t!p]
K.K.[t!p]
n.ʣ
The end of a pointed or projecting object.
ˣһͻĩ
A piece or an attachment, such as a cap or ferrule, meant to be fitted to the end of something else:
˸һװ嶥˵Ķֻͷ
the barbed tip of a harpoon.
е̵Ķ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tipped,tip.ping,tips 
To furnish with a tip.
ڡװ϶˸
To cover or decorate the tip of:
ǻװΡĶˣ
tip strawberries with chocolate.
ڲݮͿɿ
To remove the tip of:
ȥĶˣ
tip artichokes.
ȥ󼻵Ĺ
To dye the ends of (hair or fur) in order to blend or improve appearance.
ΪȾڻòѣͷƤëĩȾɫ
?
tip in ӡˢ
To attach (an insert) in a book by gluing along the binding edge:
룺ճķʽмӣһҳ
tip in a color plate.
һŲҳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
?
tip
tip 2
AHD:[t1p] 
D.J.[t!p]
K.K.[t!p]
v.ʣ
tipped,tip.ping,tips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To push or knock over; overturn or topple:
ʹƻײת㸲
bumped the table and tipped a vase.
ײӣѻƿ
To move to a slanting position; tilt:
ʹбʹƵбλãʹб
tipped the sideview mirror slightly downward; a weight that tipped the balance.
ѲӾһ㣻ʹƽб
To touch or raise (one's hat) in greeting.
ñѣñ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
To empty (something) by overturning; dump.
㵹㵹ķʽѣĳգк
To dump (rubbish, for example).
к磬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To topple over; overturn.
ת
To become tilted; slant.See Synonyms at slant 
б㵹μ slant
n.ʣ
The act of tipping.
ʹתĶ
A tilt or slant; an incline.
б㵹бб
Chiefly British An area or a place for dumping something, such as rubbish or refuse, as from a mine.
Ӣ 㵹㵹ĳϣһУĵط
?
tip the scales
To register weight (at a certain amount).
ƵΪĳĿ
To offset the balance of a situation.
֣һƵƽ
?
Middle English tipen 
йӢ tipen 
?
tip
tip 3
AHD:[t1p] 
D.J.[t!p]
K.K.[t!p]
v.ʣ
tipped,tip.ping,tips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike gently; tap.
ػ
Baseball To hit (a pitched ball) with the side of the bat so that it glances off.
 ĲһͶ򣩶ʹ֮Ӱϲ
Sports To tap or deflect (a ball or puck, for example), especially in scoring.
˶ ʹ򣩸ı䷽ʱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Sports To deflect or glance off. Used of a ball or puck.
˶ ʹ򲢲ߣʹı䷽߶
Lower Southern U.S. To tiptoe.
϶ˡ 
n.ʣ
A light blow; a tap.
ᴥ
Baseball A pitched ball that is tipped:
 һͶ
a foul tip.
򷸹
?
From Middle English tippe [a tap] 
Դ йӢ tippe [] 
[perhaps of Low German origin] 
[Դڵ͵ն] 
?
tip
tip 4
AHD:[t1p] 
D.J.[t!p]
K.K.[t!p]
n.ʣ
A small sum of money given to someone for performing a service; a gratuity.
Сѣһṩһ˵һСǮǮ
A piece of confidential, advance, or inside information:
ڲ鱨һܵġ֪ڲϢ
got a tip on the next race.
㵽˹´ڲϢ
A helpful hint:
ָ㣺аʾ
a column of tips on gardening.
һṩ԰շ潨ר
v.ʣ
tipped,tip.ping,tips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a tip to:
Сѣ
tipped the waiter generously.
ظһС
To give as a tip:
ѡСѸ
He tipped a dollar and felt that it was enough.
һԪСѣѾ㹻
To provide with a piece of confidential, advance, or inside information:
ṩڲϢṩܵġȻõĻڲϢ
a disgruntled gang member who tipped the police to the planned robbery.
һ򾯷淢ĶμƻõķͽԱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give tips or a tip:
СѣʻһСѣ
one who tips lavishly.
һܴ󷽵ظСѵ
?
tip (one's) hand
To reveal one's resources or intentions.
¶ʾԼĲƲĿ
?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 
?
tipper
n.ʣ

= =
tire
tire 1
AHD:[tor] 
D.J.[ta!*]
K.K.[ta!r]
v.ʣ
tired,tir.ing,tires 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To grow weary.
ƣۣͣƣ
To grow bored or impatient.
ᷳᷳͷ֮
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To diminish the strength or energy of; fatigue.
ʹеۣʹʹƣ
To exhaust the interest or patience of; bore.
ʹᷳʹȤĺľʹ
?
Middle English tiren 
йӢ tiren 
from Old English t?n * see  deu- 1
Դ Ӣ t?n *μ deu- 1
?
tire,weary,fatigue,exhaust,jade
These verbs mean to cause or undergo depletion of strength, energy, spirit, interest, or patience.
Щʶʹ¡Ȥıľ˼
 Tire   is the general, nonspecific term;it often suggests a state resulting from exertion, excess, dullness, or ennui: 
 Tire  һͳģضĴʣͨʾŬȡƻĲһ״̬ 
Long hours of arduous hiking tired the scouts.
ʱļЩͯӾۻˡ
When a man is tired of London,he is tired of life  (Samuel Johnson).
 һ׶صʱҲ  ѶԼѷ
 Weary,   liketire,  is applicable to diminution of strength or endurance but often carries a stronger implication of dissatisfaction,as that resulting from what is irksome or boring: 
 Weary  tire һָˣ ͨһֺǿĲĺ壬ᷳ£ 
found the journey wearying;
кˣ
soon wearied of their constant bickering.
ܿǶֳϵеˡ
Fatigue   implies great weariness, as that caused by stress: 
Fatigue  Ϊƣͣѹɵģ 
fatigued by the day's labors;
һŪƣ
nothing so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task  (William James).Toexhaust  is to wear out completely; the term connotes total draining of physical or 
emotional strength: 
 ûʲôһͷûɵĹˡ  ղķʿExhaust ָƣ ʱʾȫľ 
Like all people who try to exhaust a subject, he exhausted his listeners  (Oscar Wilde).
 κ꾡ŵһĿһŪƣ  ˹£
 Jade   refers principally to dullness that most often results from overindulgence: 
 Jade  Ҫָڹȷµ룺 
Even an exquisitely prepared dinner couldn't revive her jaded palate. 
ʹһپ׼Ҳָܻ˵θ 
?
tire
tire 2
AHD:[tor] 
D.J.[ta!*]
K.K.[ta!r]
n.ʣ
A covering for a wheel, usually made of rubber reinforced with cords of nylon, fiberglass, or other material and filled with compressed air.
ֵ̥ĸͨάϼӹ̵ƳɣעѹĿ
A hoop of metal or rubber fitted around a wheel.
ֹΧĽ
?
Middle English [iron rim of a wheel] 
йӢ [ӵ] 
probably from tir [attire] 
Դ tir [װ] 
short for atire 
 atireļд 
from attiren [to attire] * see  attire 
Դ attiren [] *μ attire
?
tire
tire 3
AHD:[tor]  
D.J.[ta!*]
K.K.[ta!r]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tired,tir.ing,tires 
To adorn or attire.

n.ʣ
Attire.
·
A headband or headdress.
ͷ
?
Middle English tiren 
йӢ tiren 
short for attiren [to attire] * see  attire 
 attirenļд [] *μ attire

= =
tired
tired
AHD:[tord] 
D.J.[ta!*d]
K.K.[ta!rd]
adj.ݴʣ
Exhausted of strength or energy; fatigued.
ƣ͵ģľģƣ
Impatient; bored:
ᷳģͷģģ
tired of the same old sandwiches.
Ѿͬ
Overused; hackneyed:
¸ģʹõģ¾ɵģ
a tired joke.
һ¾ɵЦ
?
tiredly
adv.ʣ
tiredness
n.ʣ

= =
tissue
tis.sue
AHD:[t1sh?] 
D.J.[6t!.u8]
K.K.[6t!.u]
n.ʣ
A fine, very thin fabric, such as gauze.
ɴһַǳľϸ֯ɴ
Tissue paper.
ֽ
A soft, absorbent piece of paper used as toilet paper, a handkerchief, or a towel.
ֽֽһˮֽֽ־ֽ
An interwoven or interrelated number of things; a web; a network:
һЩ໥֯໥ϵ磺
The text is a tissue of mocking echoes(Richard M. Kain)
ⱾһԵģ¡(M.)
Biology An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated intercellular matter acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body. There are four basic 
types of tissue: muscle, nerve, epidermal, and connective.
ѧ ̬֯Ƶϸصϸʵļϣͬʵһضܡֻ֯Ϊ֯֯Ƥ֯ͽ֯
?
Middle English tissu [a rich kind of cloth] 
йӢ tissu [һĲ] 
from Old French [from past participle of] tistre [to weave] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴtistreĹȥִ [֯] 
from Latin texere * see  teks- 
Դ  texere *μ teks- 
?
tissuey
adj.ݴʣ
tissular
adj.ݴʣ

= =
title
ti.tle
AHD:[totl] 
D.J.[6ta!tl]
K.K.[6ta!t1]
n.Abbr. tit.ʣд tit.
An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work.See Synonyms at name 
Ŀ顢Ϸ硢ӰƷƷݵֲμ name
A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.
⣺һִŵĻԵĿһе½
Often titles Written material to be read by viewers that is included in a film or television show, typically presenting credits, narration, or dialogue.
  titles ĻӰӽĿйĶ֣ͨдԱԻ
A written piece of translated dialogue superimposed at the bottom of the frame during a film; a subtitle.
ĻӳӳʱӳڻײķĶԻʽĻ
Law A heading that names a document, statute, or proceeding.
ɡ ƣһļϳ
A division of a law book, declaration, or bill, generally larger than a section or article.
½ڣ鼮Ի򷨰ĻֵλһҪȽڻ
A written work that is published or about to be published:
Ŀѳ򼴽Ʒ
the titles in a press's fall catalog.
＾ƻеĿ
Law 
ɡ 
The coincidence of all the elements that constitute the fullest legal right to control and dispose of property or a claim.
ȨɿƻòƲȨĺϷȨҪͬʱϵ
The aggregate evidence that gives rise to a legal right of possession or control.
Ȩƾ֤ռлĳķȨȫ֤
The instrument, such as a deed, that constitutes this evidence.
Ȩļ֤ݵļԼ
Something that provides a basis for or justifies a claim.
ʸΪһҪṩ֤Ķ
A legitimate or alleged right.See Synonyms at claim 
ȨһֺϷĻνȨμ claim
A formal appellation attached to the name of a person or family by virtue of office, rank, hereditary privilege, noble birth, or attainment or used as a mark of respect.
ƺţڹְΡ̳еȨ߹ĳɾͻΪ˱ʾ𾴶һ˻һʽ
A descriptive name; an epithet.
Ե֣
Sports A championship.
˶ ھ
Ecclesiastical 
̻᡿ 
A source of income or area of work required of a candidate for ordination in the Church of England.
ʥְ߱ʸӢ̻̺ѡԴ
A Roman Catholic church in or near Rome having a cardinal for its nominal head.
̽ããһϵ쵼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ti.tled,ti.tling,ti.tles 
To give a title to; entitle.
ӱ⣺ӱ⣻ӱ
To call by a name; style.
ΪһֳƺѡΪ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English titul [superscription,] 
Դ Ӣ titul [] 
and from Old French title [title] 
Դ ŷ title [Ŀ] 
both from Latin titulus 
Դ  titulus 

= =
to
.to
abbr.
 Tonga [in Internet addresses] 
Tonga[in Internet addresses] 
?
to
to
AHD:[t?] [t] ضʱ 
D.J.[tu8][t*]ضʱ 
K.K.[tu][t*]ضʱ 
prep.ʣ
In a direction toward so as to reach:
Ϊ˵һ
went to the city.

Towards:
ţ
turned to me.
ת
Reaching as far as:
ֱ
The ocean water was clear all the way to the bottom.
ˮһֱ׶峺
To the extent or degree of:
ķΧ̶ȣ
loved him to distraction.
˰
With the resultant condition of:
ԡΪ
nursed her back to health.
ĵչʹָ
Toward a given state:
һض״̬
helping minority women to economic equality.
帾ŮȡþϵƽȨ
In contact with; against:
롭Ӵš
their faces pressed to the windows.
ǵŴ
In front of:
ڡǰ
stood face to face.
վ
Used to indicate appropriation or possession:
ڱʾռУ
looked for the top to the jar.
Ѱӵĸ
Concerning; regarding:
ڣڣ
waiting for an answer to my letter.
ŶǷŵĻظ
In a particular relationship with:
롭ĳضϵ
The brook runs parallel to the road.
С·ƽж
As an accompaniment or a complement of:
Ϊİ򲹳䣺
danced to the tune.

Composing; constituting:
ɣɣ
two cups to a pint.
һƷ
In accord with:
롭һ£
job responsibilities suited to her abilities.
һµĹ
As compared with:
롭ȣ
a book superior to his others.
һдúõ
Before:
ڡ֮ǰ
The time is ten to five.
ʮ
Up till; until:
һֱֱ
worked from nine to five.
Ӿŵһֱ
For the purpose of:
ΪˡĿģ
went out to lunch.
ȥ緹
In honor of:
Ϊ򡭱ʾ⣺
a toast to the queen.
ΪŮɱ
Used before a verb to indicate the infinitive:
ڶǰʾʽ
I'd like to go.
ȥ
Used alone when the infinitive is understood:
֪ʽʱʹã
Go if you want to.
ȥĻȥ
Used to indicate the relationship of a verb with its complement:
ָʺĲ֮Ĺϵ
refer to a dictionary; refer me to a dictionary.
һֵ䣻ȥʵ
Used with a reflexive pronoun to indicate exclusivity or separateness:
뷴һָʾռ룺
had the plane to ourselves.
ѷɻԼ
adv.ʣ
In one direction; toward a person or thing:
һأһ˻أ
owls with feathers wrong end to.
ë򲻶Եèͷӥ
Into a shut or closed position:
ڹϵ״̬
pushed the door to.
Ź
Into a state of consciousness:
ʶ״̬
The patient came to.
ѹ
Into a state of action or attentiveness:
жרע״̬
sat down for lunch and fell to.
ʼ̻ʵس緹
Nautical Into the wind.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?} * see  de- 
Դ Ӣ t?} *μ de- 

= =
tooth
tooth
AHD:[t?th] 
D.J.[tu8G]
K.K.[tuG]
n.ʣ
 teeth[t?th]  
One of a set of hard, bonelike structures rooted in sockets in the jaws of vertebrates, typically composed of a core of soft pulp surrounded by a layer of hard dentin that is coated with 
cement or enamel at the crown and used for biting or chewing food or as a means of attack or defense.
ݣ׵Ĳ۾һżӲ״壬͵ĽṹмΪһ壬ΧһӲʣΪһɸʻɵڣݿ
˺ҧ׽ʳĹ
A similar structure in invertebrates, such as one of the pointed denticles or ridges on the exoskeleton of an arthropod or the shell of a mollusk.
ģݣǼ׵٣֫嶯ϵļСݻСͻ
A projecting part resembling a tooth in shape or function, as on a comb, gear, or saw.
״ͻ֣ӡֻϵ
A small, notched projection along a margin, especially of a leaf.Also called  dent 2
״ͻԵVεСͻָҶҲ  dent2
A rough surface, as of paper or metal.
ֲڱ棺ֲڱ棬ֽŻ
Something that injures or destroys with force. Often used in the plural:
˺Ķ
the teeth of the blizzard.
ѩĻ
teeth Effective means of enforcement; muscle:
 teeth ֶΣʵĿĵЧֶΣ⣺
This . . . puts real teeth into something where there has been only lip service(Ellen Convisser)
ȥ²ͷ˵˵ѣнˡ(סάɪ)
Taste or appetite:
ζʳ
She always had a sweet tooth.
кܺõĿζ
v.ʣ
toothed,tooth.ing,tooths[t?th, t?Y]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish (a tool, for example) with teeth.
繤ߣװ״
To make a jagged edge on.
ʹɳ״
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become interlocked; mesh.
ϣҧһں
?
get (one's) teeth into 
sink (one's) teeth into ٵ
To be actively involved in; get a firm grasp of.
زУεץס
show (one's) teeth 
bare (one's) teeth
To express a readiness to fight; threaten defiantly.
ʾ׼ս׺ݵؽв
to the teeth
Lacking nothing; completely:
ȫأȱκζģȫأ
armed to the teeth; dressed to the teeth.
װݣȫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?h * see  dent- 
Դ Ӣ t?h *μ dent- 
?
Eating, biting, teeth, and dentists are all related, as is well known,but the relationship goes further than one might think,that is, into the roots of the wordseat, tooth,  and dentist.  The 
Proto-Indo-Europeanroot.ed-,  meaning to eat and the source of our wordeat,  originally meant to bite. A participial form of.ed-  in this sense was .dent-,  biting, which came 
to mean tooth.Our wordtooth  comes from .dont-,  a form of.dent-,  with sound changesthat resulted in the Germanic word.tanthuz.  This word became Old Englisht?h  and Modern 
English tooth.  Meanwhile the Proto-Indo-European form.dent-  itself became in Latin d?s  (stem dent- ), tooth,from which is derived our worddentist.  We find a descendant of 
another Proto-Indo-European form(o)dont-  in the word orthodontist.  
Ƕ֪ԡҧݡҽǽģ֮ĹϵĻнܣeattooth  dentist ĴʸҲϵ ԭʼӡŷϵУʸed- ˼
ǡԡ ǵeat ʵԭǡҧС Ϊ˼-ed ķִʽ dent- Ϊҧ תɡݡ˼tooth Դ dont-  dent- һ
Σ ı仯նгtanthuz  Ȼʲ˹Ӣtoth ֻӢ tooth  ͬʱdent- һԭʼӡŷб dens 
ʸ dent- ) Ϊݡɴdentist ʡ orthodortist УǿԷ֣ԭʼӡŷԵһʽ (O)dont- Ӱ 

= =
tune
tune
AHD:[t?n, ty?n] 
D.J.[tu8n, tju8n]
K.K.[tun, tjun]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A melody, especially a simple and easily remembered one.
ָ򵥵ġ׼ǵĵ
A song.

Correct pitch.
׼ȷ
The state of being properly adjusted for pitch:
ȷߣߵ׼ȷ״̬
a piano out of tune.
ĸ
Agreement in pitch:
Э
play in tune with the piano.
Ϊٰ
Obsolete A musical tone.
 
Concord or agreement; harmony:
гǢ
in tune with the times.
˳Ӧʱ
Archaic Frame of mind; disposition.
 飻
Electronics Adjustment of a receiver or circuit for maximum response to a given signal or frequency.
ѧ г·ԻöڸźŻƵʵǿӦ
v.ʣ
tuned,tun.ing,tunes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Music To put into proper pitch:
֡ ʹȷ
tuned the violin.
Сٵ
Archaic To utter musically; sing.
 Ը
To adopt or adjust, especially in order to bring into harmony.
ʹгڣָΪ˴ﵽгһ
Electronics 
ѧ 
To adjust (a receiver) to a desired frequency.
ƵʣгԴﵽϣƵ
To adjust (a circuit) so as to make it resonant with a given input signal.
·г·ʹźŹ
To adjust (an engine, for example) for maximum usability or performance.
ڣ棩緢ʹڼѵת״̬
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become attuned.
Э
?
tune in
Electronics To adjust a receiver to receive signals at a particular frequency or a particular program.
ѧ ƵʣԽգضƵʵźŻضĽĿ
Slang To make or become aware or responsive:
ٵ ע⣬쵽ʹ׻˽⣺
Nobody tunes in to what anybody else is saying(Bruce Allen)
ûע˵ʲô(³˹)
tune out
Electronics To adjust a receiver so as not to receive a particular signal.
ѧ Բضź
Slang 
ٵ 
To disassociate oneself from one's environment:
ԼΧĻ
The average reader, used to seeing the world in three-dimensional color, tunes out(Carlin Romano)
Щϰάɫʹ۲ͨ뻷(֡ŵ)
To become unresponsive to; ignore:
ע⣻ԣ
tuned out the children's screaming.
ںǵļв
tune up
Music To adjust an instrument to a desired pitch or key.
֡ ңԴﵽ߻
To adjust a machine so as to put it into proper condition.
ڣȣʹ䴦Ĺ״̬
To prepare (oneself) for a specified activity.
׼Ϊĳһ׼
?
to the tune of
To the sum or extent of:
֮࣬ƣ
produced profits to the tune of about $20 million.
2Ԫ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
variant of tone [tone] * see  tone 
 toneı [] *μ tone

= =
toast
toast 1
AHD:[t?st] 
D.J.[t*&st]
K.K.[tost]
v.ʣ
toast.ed,toast.ing,toasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To heat and brown (bread, for example) by placing in a toaster or an oven or close to a fire.
ͨѣ뿾¯ӻӽмȣʹ֮ػɫ
To warm thoroughly, as before a fire:
ȣʹȫůһѻǰ
toast one's feet.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become toasted:
濾
This bread toasts well.
ò
n.ʣ
Sliced bread heated and browned.
ƬȲػɫƬ
?
Middle English tosten 
йӢ tosten 
from Old French toster 
Դ ŷ toster 
from Vulgar Latin *tost3e 
Դ  *tost3e 
frequentative of Latin torr?e [to parch, burn] * see  ters- 
  torr? [棬] *μ ters- 
?
toast
toast 2
AHD:[t?st] 
D.J.[t*&st]
K.K.[tost]
n.ʣ
The act of raising a glass and drinking in honor of or to the health of a person or thing.
ɱһ˻ʾףһ˽ٱƵĶ
A proposal to drink to someone or something or a speech given before the taking of such a drink.
ףƣΪĳ˻ĳɱĽ־ǰһ
The one honored by a toast.
ףߣףƵ˻
A person receiving much attention or acclaim:
ܾĽˣһǳעܵ޵ˣ
the toast of Broadway.
ڰϻ㱸
v.ʣ
toast.ed,toast.ing,toasts 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To drink to the health or honor of.
ΪɱΪĽԡʾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To propose or drink a toast.
ɱɱ¸ɱ
?
Perhaps from toast 1[from the use of spiced toast to flavor drinks] 
Դ toast1[üϵƬΪƵζ] 

= =
tobacco
to.bac.co
AHD:[t-b2k?] 
D.J.[t*6b#k*&]
K.K.[t*6b#ko]
n.ʣ
 to.bac.cos  to.bac.coes  
Any of various plants of the genusNicotiana,  especially N. tabacum,  native to tropical America and widely cultivated for its leaves, which are used primarily for smoking. 
̲ݣһ̲ ֲָ ̲ һԭȴޣΪҪ̵Ҷ㷺ֲ 
The leaves of this plant, dried and processed chiefly for use in cigarettes, cigars, or snuff or for smoking in pipes.
̲ҶֲҶӣɹɺӹҪ̡ѩѡ̶̻г
Products made from these plants.
̲ƷЩֲƳɵĲƷ
The habit of smoking tobacco:
̣ʳ̲ݵϰߣ
I gave up tobacco.
ҽ
A crop of tobacco.
̲
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
tobacco products; tobacco fields.
̲Ʒ̲ݲ
?
Spanish tabaco 
 tabaco 
[possibly of Caribbean origin] 
[Դڼձ] 
or perhaps from Arabic q [name of various medicinal herbs] 
Դ  q [ֲҩ] 

= =
today
to.day
AHD:[t-d3] 
D.J.[t*6de!]
K.K.[t*6de]
n.ʣ
The present day, time, or age:
죺ڵʱʱ
Today's shocks are tomorrow's conventions(Carolyn Heilbrun)
˳Ծﵽͳ˿ƽ顱(ա)
adv.ʣ
During or on the present day.
ڽ죺һڻһ
During or at the present time.
ڼִʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Concerned with or relating to the present time:
ڵģעʱڻйصģ
today issues; the today generation.
⣻һ
?
Middle English to dai 
йӢ to dai 
from Old English t?e 
Դ Ӣ t?e 
t?} [to] * see  to 
t?} [] *μ to
d?ge [dative of] d?g [day] * see  agh- 
d?ge  [] d?g [] *μ agh- 

= =
toe
toe
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[t*&]
K.K.[to]
n.ʣ
One of the digits of a vertebrate.
ֺ׵ֺеһ
The forepart of a foot or hoof.
ż⣺Żǰ
The terminal segment of an invertebrate's limb.
޼׵֫ĩ
The part of a sock, shoe, or boot that covers the digits of the foot.
ӣЬӻѥӸסֺһ
Sports The end of the head on a golf club.
˶ ߶ļ
The part of a vertical shaft that turns in a bearing.
ࣺתĴֱ
The lowest part, as of an embankment or a dam.
½ţµĲ̷֣ӵ
v.ʣ
toed,toe.ing,toes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To touch, kick, or reach with the toe.
ýżⴥ߻
Sports To drive (a golf ball) with the toe of the club.
˶ ø߶ļ˻߶
To drive (a nail or spike) at an oblique angle.
бһбĽǶȶӻ󶤣
To fasten or secure with obliquely driven nails or spikes.
ббӻ󶤵ķʽ̶̻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stand, walk, move, or be formed with the toes pointed in a specified direction:
ýżߣż⳯ĳضķվߡƶжӣ
He toes out.
Ž˳ȥ
?
on (one's) toes
Ready to act; alert.
׼жģ
step on (someone's) toes 
tread on (someone's) toes
To hurt, offend, or encroach on the feelings, actions, or province of.
ĳˣĳˣ˺ֺĸ顢жְȨ
toe the line 
toe the mark
To adhere to doctrines or rules conscientiously; conform.
ӣӽ
Sports Games To touch a mark or line with the toe or hands in readiness for the start of a race or competition.
˶ Ϸ ֵϣʼǰýżִһǺŻһ׼
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t3} * see  deik- 
Դ Ӣ t3} *μ deik- 

= =
together
to.geth.er
AHD:[t-gYr] 
D.J.[t*6geH*]
K.K.[t*6gWH+]
adv.ʣ
In or into a single group, mass, or place:
һһءһȺһطأֳһ顢һȺһط
We gather together.
Ǿһ
In or into contact:
һ𣺽ӴɽӴ״̬
The cars crashed together. She mixed the chemicals together.
ײһЩѧҩһ
In association with or in relationship to one another; mutually or reciprocally:
໥أ˴˵أϵϵ໥ػ򽻻أ
getting along together.
ϵ
By joint or cooperative effort:
أͨͬŬ
We ironed the entire load of clothes together.
һһ·
Regarded collectively; in total:
ϼƵأܼƵأ
She is worth more than all of us together. Considered together, the proposals made little sense.
ļֵǼҪࣻܵûʲô
In or into a unified structure or arrangement:
ϲأڻһͳһĽṹţ
put the food processor together.
ʳƷװ
Simultaneously:
ͬʱأ
The bells rang out together.
ͬʱ
In harmony or accord:
һµأЭأ
We stand together on this issue.
վһ
Informal Into an effective, coherent condition:
ʽ أһЧʵģ״̬
Get yourself together.

adj.Slang ݴʣٵ 
Emotionally stable and effective in performance:
ģȶжЧʣ
She's really together.
˺ܳ
In tune with what is going on; hip.
ʱ뷢ĵģʱֵ
?
get it all together 
put it all together ٵ
To unify and harmonize one's resources so as to perform with maximal effectiveness.
˼ϺЭԼЧж
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?e * see  ghedh- 
Դ Ӣ t?e *μ ghedh- 
?
togetherness
n.ʣ
?
Together with,  like in addition to,  is often employed following the subject of a sentence or clause to introduce an addition.The addition, however, does not alter the number of the 
verb,which is governed by the subject: 
Togther with  in addition to һ ʹʱһӻӾһӳɷݡӳɷֲı䶯ʵĵʵĵ 
The king (singular), together with two aides, is expected in an hour.  
 һСʱھ͵  
The same is true ofalong with, besides,  and in addition to.  See Usage Note at besides ,like 2
Along withbesides  in addition to Ҳ  μ besides,like2

= =
toilet
toi.let
AHD:[toil1t] 
D.J.[6t%!l!t]
K.K.[6t%!l!t]
n.ʣ
A fixture for defecation and urination, consisting of a bowl fitted with a hinged seat and connected to a waste pipe and a flushing apparatus; a privy.
ˮͰһڴСװãһװзתʽͲܵͰһϴɣ
A room or booth containing such a fixture.
䣺װõķС
The act or process of dressing or grooming oneself.
ϴ磺ױԼĶ
Dress; attire; costume.
ʢװ
The cleansing of a body area as part of a surgical or medical procedure.
ϴӣΪҽγһֵĶһ岿λϴ
Archaic A dressing table.
 ױ̨
?
French toilette [clothes bag] 
 toilette [´] 
from Old French tellette [diminutive of] teile [cloth] * see  toil 2
Դ ŷ tellette  [] teileС׺ [] *μ toil2

= =
token
to.ken
AHD:[t?kn] 
D.J.[6t*&k*n]
K.K.[6tok*n]
n.ʣ
Something serving as an indication, a proof, or an expression of something else; a sign:
־ָʾ֤ʾĶǺţ
Tears are queer tokens of happiness(Eugene O'Neill)See Synonyms at sign 
ǿֵһֵıʾ(Ƚ𡤰)μ sign
Something that signifies or evidences authority, validity, or identity:
ʾȨЧԻݵĶ
The scepter is a token of regal status.
Ȩ
A distinguishing feature or characteristic.
һڲͬص
One that represents a group, as an employee whose presence is used to deflect from the employer criticism or accusations of discrimination.
һȺ˵һһԱĴڣֵԵָ
A keepsake or souvenir.
Ʒ
A piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency:
ңøֱңһҵӡзŵĽ
subway tokens.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
to.kened,to.ken.ing,to.kens 
To betoken or symbolize; portend.
ԤףԤʾԤ
adj.ݴʣ
Done as an indication or a pledge:
Ϊָʾ֤ģ
a token payment.
Ը
Perfunctory; minimal:
ģСģ
a token gesture of reconciliation; token resistance.
Ժͽ̬Եĵֿ
Merely symbolic:
ֻΪģ
a token woman on the board of directors.
»ΪһŮ
?
by the same token
In like manner; similarly.
ͬķʽƵ
in token of
As an indication of:
Ϊı־
a ring given in token of love.
һֻĽָ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t3n * see  deik- 
Դ Ӣ t3n *μ deik- 

= =
tolerance
tol.er.ance
AHD:[t?lr-ns] 
D.J.[6tKl*r*ns]
K.K.[6t$l*r*ns]
n.ʣ
The capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others.
ݣϲ˵Ϊж
Leeway for variation from a standard.
޶ȣܿݵƫ׼
The permissible deviation from a specified value of a structural dimension, often expressed as a percent.
ݲṹڵƫĳһȶ׼ðٷʾ
The capacity to endure hardship or pain.
Ѻʹ
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
Physiological resistance to a poison.
ԣ϶ԶҩĵֿӦ
The capacity to absorb a drug continuously or in large doses without adverse effect; diminution in the response to a drug after prolonged use.
ҩ̷ҩ󲻷κθõʱҩҩƷӦļ
Acceptance of a tissue graft or transplant without immunological rejection.
ҩԣֲ֯ĶκԵų
Unresponsiveness to an antigen that normally produces an immunological reaction.
ԣһԷӦĿԭκηӦ
The ability of an organism to resist or survive infection by a parasitic or pathogenic organism.
ԣֿԭȾ

= =
tolerant
tol.er.ant
AHD:[t?lr-nt] 
D.J.[6tKl*r*nt]
K.K.[6t$l*r*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Inclined to tolerate the beliefs, practices, or traits of others; forbearing.See Synonyms at broad-minded 
ݵģжصģԭµĲμ broad-minded
Able to withstand or endure an adverse environmental condition:
ģֿܹܲĻģ
plants tolerant of extreme heat.
ܹܼȻֲ
?
French tolrant 
 tolrant 
from Latin toler3s [present participle of] toler3re [to bear] * see  tolerate 
Դ  toler3s  [] toler3reڷִ [] *μ tolerate
?
tolerantly
adv.ʣ

= =
tolerate
tol.er.ate
AHD:[t?l-r3t] 
D.J.[6tKl*7re!t]
K.K.[6t$l*7ret]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tol.er.at.ed,tol.er.at.ing,tol.er.ates 
To allow without prohibiting or opposing; permit.
ܣκνֹͷԵͬ⣻
To recognize and respect (the rights, beliefs, or practices of others).
ݣϲأ˵ȨΪ
To put up with; endure.See Synonyms at bear 1
̲μ bear1
Medicine To have tolerance for (a substance or pathogen).
ҽѧ ҩĳʻԭ
?
Latin toler3e  toler3t- [to bear] * see  tel- 
 toler3e  toler3t- [] *μ tel- 
?
tolerative
adj.ݴʣ
tolerator
n.ʣ

= =
tomato
to.ma.to
AHD:[t-m3t?, -m?-] 
D.J.[t*6me!t*&, -6m$8-]
K.K.[t*6meto, -6m$-]
n.ʣ
 to.ma.toes 
A widely cultivated South American plant(Lycopersicon esculentum)  having edible, fleshy, usually red fruit. 
ެѣһֹ㷺ֲֲ  ʵͨʺɫʳ 
The fruit of this plant.
ֲĹʵ
Slang A woman regarded as attractive.
ٵ ŮΪŮ
?
Alteration of Spanish tomate 
  tomateı仯 
from Nahuatl tomatl 
Դ  tomatl 
?
It has been said that the real contributions to world civilization were made by the unknown inhabitants of the Americas who domesticated plants such as the potato and squash and not 
by the great pre-Columbian civilizations, including that of the Aztecs.The tomato was another contribution,its name coming ultimately from the Nahuatl language spoken by the Aztecs as 
well as by other groups in Mexico and Central America.The Spanish, who conquered the area, brought back the tomato to Spain and,borrowing the Nahuatl wordtomatl  for it, named 
ittomate,  a form shared in French, Portuguese, and early Modern English.Tomate,  first recorded in 1604, gave way totomato,  a form created in English either because it was assumed 
to be Spanish or under the influence of the wordpotato.  In any case,as is well known,people resisted eating this New World food at first because its membership in the Nightshade 
family made it suspect,but it is now eaten throughout the worldwhile Aztec civilization is memorialized by ruins.
˵׵ĲǰؿڵĸײǰЩֲͥϹϵȵĲ֪޾еһף
յԴǰؿ˺ī޾ʹõض˸õ˰ҽضĵtomatl  tomate 
 ʽΪִӢͨáTomate ¼1604꣬ Ӣеһʽtomato ȡ ȡԭΪʽϸ
Ϊܵpotato Ӱ졣 ô֪ģѿʹܵɣܾȫǶڳؿֻڷ
֮

= =
tomb
tomb
AHD:[t?m] 
D.J.[tu8m]
K.K.[tum]
n.ʣ
A grave or other place of burial.
Ĺڣ֮
A vault or chamber for burial of the dead.
ڣߵĹζ򷿼
A monument commemorating the dead.
Ĺߵļ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French tombe 
Դ ŷ tombe 
from Late Latin tumba 
Դ  tumba 
from Greek tumbos * see  teu- 
Դ ϣ tumbos *μ teu- 

= =
tomorrow
to.mor.row
AHD:[t-m?r?, -m?r?] 
D.J.[t*6m%8r*&, -6mKr*&]
K.K.[t*6m%ro, -6m$ro]
n.ʣ
The day following today.
죺Ժһ
The near future.
ԶĽ
adv.ʣ
On or for the day following today:
죬գΪ죺
I won't think of it now. . . . I'll think of it tomorrow(Margaret Mitchell)
ڲǼ顭Ҵ롱(ءж)
?
Middle English to morow 
йӢ to morow 
from Old English t?e [in the morning] 
Դ Ӣ t?e [] 
t?} [at, on] * see  to 
t?} [ڣ] *μ to
morgenne [dative of] morgen [morning] 
morgenne  [] morgen [糿] 

= =
ton
ton
AHD:[t?n] 
D.J.[tJn]
K.K.[tJn]
n.Abbr. t.,tn.ʣд t.,tn.
A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds (0.907 metric ton or 907.18 kilograms).Also called  net ton ,short ton 
̶֣һλڶǧ(0.907ֻ907.18ǧˣҲ  net ton,short ton
A unit of weight equal to 2,240 pounds (1.016 metric tons or 1,016.05 kilograms).Also called  long ton 
֣һλ2,240(1.016ֻ1,016.05ǧˣҲ  long ton
A metric ton.See table at measurement 
ֲμ measurement
A unit of capacity for cargo in maritime shipping, normally estimated at 40 cubic feet.
ǼǶ֣вⶨװĵλͨȷΪʮӢ
A unit of internal capacity of a ship equal to 100 cubic feet.
װض֣ڲݻλһӢ
A unit for measuring the displacement of ships, equal to 35 cubic feet, and supposed to equal the volume taken by a long ton of seawater.
ˮ֣ˮĵλʮӢߣ൱һֺˮ
Informal A very large quantity:
ʽ ڶࣺһ
tons of fan mail.
ѵż
?
Middle English tonne [a measure of weight] * see  tun 
йӢ tonne [λ] *μ tun

= =
tone
tone
AHD:[t?n] 
D.J.[t*&n]
K.K.[ton]
n.ʣ
Music 
֡ 
A sound of distinct pitch, quality, and duration; a note.
ʺһ
The interval of a major second in the diatonic scale; a whole step.
ȫȫд̵ļЪȫ
A recitational melody in a Gregorian chant.
иʥбԵ
The quality or character of sound.
ʣص
The characteristic quality or timbre of a particular instrument or voice.
ɫĳɤɫƷʻ
The pitch of a word used to determine its meaning or to distinguish differences in meaning.
ĳʵ˼ִĴʵķߵ
The particular or relative pitch of a word, phrase, or sentence.
ĳʡӵضԵ
Manner of expression in speech or writing:
Իֱʱʹõķʽ
took an angry tone with the reporters.
ŭ˵
A general quality, effect, or atmosphere:
ϵЧգ
a room with an elegant tone.
еС
Color 
ɫʡ 
A color or shade of color:
ɫĳɫɫ
light tones of blue.
ɫ
Quality of color:
ɫʣ
The green wallpaper had a particularly somber tone.
ɫĺǽֽһرɫ
The general effect in painting of light, color, and shade.
ɫͻйߣɫγɵЧ
Physiology 
ѧ 
The normal state of elastic tension or partial contraction in resting muscles.
ԣļеѹֲ
Normal firmness of a tissue or an organ.
״̬ĳ֯е
v.ʣ
toned,ton.ing,tones 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give a particular tone or inflection to.
һȷ
To soften or change the color of (a painting or photographic negative, for example).
ɫʹͻı磨ĳͻƬȣɫ
To sound monotonously; intone.
װǻƵ˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To assume a particular color quality.
Ŀɫֳĳضɫʻɫ
To harmonize in color.
ɫ
?
tone down
To make less vivid, harsh, or violent; moderate.
ʹͣʹòôӲǿң
tone up
To make or become brighter or more vigorous.
ʹǿʹø
?
Middle English ton 
йӢ ton 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tonus 
Դ  tonus 
from Greek tonos [a stretching] * see  ten- 
Դ ϣ tonos [ݻ] *μ ten- 
?
Tone
Tone
AHD:[t?n] (Theobold) Wolfe (1763-1798) 
D.J.[t*&n]
K.K.[ton]
NONE޴ԣ
Irish nationalist who helped secure Parliament's passage of the Catholic Relief Act of 1793 and planned a French invasion of Ireland (1796).
˼²£ֶ(1763-1798) ߣİ¹ͨ1793ġͽȼ÷Ԥ˷԰(1796꣩

= =
tongue
tongue
AHD:[t?ng] 
D.J.[tJ0]
K.K.[tJ0]
n.ʣ
The fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is the principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing and swallowing, and, in human beings, 
an important organ of speech.
࣬ͷ׵е¶˵Ķ⡢ܶǿ׳١Ҫζ٣ʳĸ٣࣬Ҫ
An analogous organ or part in invertebrate animals, as in certain insects or mollusks.
๣ࣺĳЩ嶯޼׵е״ٻ岿λ
The tongue of an animal, such as a cow, used as food.
ࣺţȶͷʳ
A spoken language or dialect.
ԣ˵Ի
Speech; talk:
˵
If there is goodness in your heart, it will come to your tongue.
ԣ˲
The act or power of speaking:
̸˵Ϊ
She had no tongue to answer.
Ӧ
tongues Speech or vocal sounds produced in a state of religious ecstasy.
 tongues ڲţڽ̿ȵ״̬˵Ļ򷢳
Style or quality of utterance:
̸˵˵ķ
her sharp tongue.
Ŀ
The bark or baying of a hunting dog that sees game:
ȮͣȮʱķͽ
The dog gave tongue when the fox came through the hedge.
դʱ˷
Something resembling a tongue in shape or function, as:
״ͷĶ磺
The vibrating end of a reed in a wind instrument.
Ƭ񶯵ǰ
A flame.

The flap of material under the laces or buckles of a shoe.
ЬࣺЬЬļ
A spit of land; a promontory.
ᵣһأ
A bell clapper.
Ӵ
The harnessing pole attached to the front axle of a horse-drawn vehicle.
ԯˣǰϹ̶ŵĿƥĳ
A protruding strip along the edge of a board that fits into a matching groove on the edge of another board.
Ƭࣺ״ԵǶһ״Բ۵ϸ
v.ʣ
tongued,tongu.ing,tongues 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
Music To separate or articulate (notes played on a brass or wind instrument) by shutting off the stream of air with the tongue.
֡ ෨ͷסͨӶֿ򷢳ͭף
To touch or lick with the tongue.
ͷӴ
To provide (a board) with a tongue.
ľװƬΪһ״װƬ
To join by means of a tongue and groove.
ǶƬͲ۹
Archaic To scold.
 ָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Music To articulate notes on a brass or wind instrument.
֡ ෨ͨͭ
To project:
ͻ
a spit of land tonguing into the bay.
һС뺣е½
?
hold (one's) tongue
To be or keep silent.
ְ
lose (one's) tongue
To lose the capacity to speak, as from shock.
ʧʧȥ˵
on the tip of (one's) tongue
On the verge of being recalled or expressed.
˵ĳ£ڱıԵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tunge * see  d?gh?- 
Դ Ӣ tunge *μ d?gh?- 

= =
tonight
to.night
AHD:[t-not] 
D.J.[t*6na!t]
K.K.[t*6na!t]
adv.ʣ
On or during the present or coming night.
ڽڽϾҪҹ
n.ʣ
This night or the night of this day.
ϻҹ
?
Middle English to night 
йӢ to night 
from Old English t?t [at night] 
Դ Ӣ t?t [] 
t?} [at, on] * see  to 
t?} [ڣ] *μ to
niht [night] * see  night 
niht [ҹ] *μ night

= =
too
too
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[tu8]
K.K.[tu]
adv.ʣ
In addition; also:
أҲ
He's coming along too.See Synonyms at also 
ҲҪμ also
More than enough; excessively:
أݵأ
She worries too much.
ݵ
To a regrettable degree:
ʵڣﵽʹ˵ĵĳ̶ȵأ
My error was all too apparent.
ҵĴʵ̫
Very; extremely; immensely:
ǳأأ
He's only too willing to be of service.
ǳԸ
Informal Indeed; so:
ʽ أأ
You will too do it!
Ҫ飡
?
Middle English to 
йӢ to 
from Old English t?} [to, furthermore] * see  de- 
Դ Ӣ t?} [򣬸] *μ de- 
?
A number of commentators have objected to the use ofnot too  as an equivalent of not very, as inShe was not too pleased with the results.  In many contextsthis construction is 
entirely idiomatic and should pass without notice: 
ܶۼҷ԰not too Ϊ롰not veryͬĴʹã ھԽǺ С £ֽṹΪϰ÷Ϊעͨˣ 
It wasn't too long ago that deregulation was being hailed as the savior of the savings and loan industry.
ֱǰΥ滹ǻΪȴʹҵĺ÷
It was not too bright of them to build in an area where rock slides occur. 
ڷʯĵط췿ӣⲻһرǵľ 
In these casesnot too  adds a note of ironic understatement.  Negation oftoo  by can't  may sometimes lead to ambiguities, as inYou can't check your child's temperature too often,  
which may mean either that the temperature should be checked only occasionally or that it should be checked as frequently as possible. Too  meaning in addition or also is 
sometimes used to introduce a sentence: 
Щ£not too Ӽһζ too  can't һʱʱ壬 You can't check your child's temperature too often 仰У 
Ϊֻż㺢¡Ӧþ㺢¡too Ϊ⡱Ҳ֡ʱ ʱһӣ 
There has been a cutback in federal subsidies. Too, rates have been increasing. 
µˡͬʱȴˡ 
This usage cannot be called incorrect,but some critics consider it awkward.
÷˵ǴģЩۼȴǳ÷

= =
tool
tool
AHD:[t?l] 
D.J.[tu8l]
K.K.[tul]
n.ʣ
A device, such as a saw, used to perform or facilitate manual or mechanical work.
ߣߣлٽֹеߣ
A machine, such as a lathe, used to cut and shape machine parts or other objects.
߻и嶨εĹߣ糵
The cutting part of such a machine.
иֻиĲ
Something regarded as necessary to the carrying out of one's occupation or profession:
ؼΪĳɳĳıҪĳ
Words are the tools of our trade.
ԴǸһеĹؼ
Something used in the performance of an operation; an instrument:
þߣߣɲʱʹõĶþߣ
Modern democracies have the fiscal and monetary tools . . . to end chronic slumps and galloping inflations(Paul A. Samuelson)
ִӵнͣͺͶͨ͵ĲͽֶΡ(A.Ѷɭ)
Vulgar Slang A penis.
 ٵ 
A person used to carry out the designs of another; a dupe.
צʵ˼ƻˣ
A bookbinder's hand stamp.
ѹӡװ̵
A design impressed on a book cover by such a stamp.
ѹӡѹӡǳϵͼ
Computer Science An application program in some computer systems.
ѧ ߣϵͳеӦó
v.ʣ
tooled,tool.ing,tools 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form, work, or decorate with a tool.
ù߽װװ
To ornament (a book cover) with a bookbinder's tool.
ѹӡװ̵ѹӡװΣһķ棩
Slang To drive (a vehicle):
ٵ ʻ
tooled the car at 80 miles an hour.
ÿСʱʮٶȼʻ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To work with a tool.
ʹù
Slang To drive or ride in a vehicle:
ٵ ʻ˳
tooled up and down the roads.
·ϼݳʻ
?
tool up
To provide an industry or a factory with machinery and tools suitable for a particular job.
ṩװΪҵ򹤳ṩʺĳ幤Ĺߺװ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?l 
Դ Ӣ t?l 
possibly from Old Norse 
Դ ˹ά 
?
tool,instrument,implement,utensil,appliance
These nouns refer to devices used in the performance of work.
Щʶָڽйߡ
 Tool   applies broadly to a device that facilitates work;specifically it denotes a small manually operated device,such as a file, of the kind employed by carpenters and plumbers: 
 Tool  Թ㷺һʹĹߣָСֹߣľܵʹõĴ쵶 
a box full of tools for repair jobs.
װ˹ʹõС䡣
Instrument   refers especially to one of the relatively small precision tools, such as a stethoscope or supersonic drill, used by trained professionals such as doctors and dentists: 
Instrument  ָרҵԱҽҽʹõҪ󼫸߾ȵ꣺ 
had to sterilize all the instruments.
е
Implement   is the preferred term for tools used in agriculture and certain building trades: 
Implement  ָũҵĳЩҵĹߣ 
rakes, hoes, and other implements.
٣ߡ
Utensil   often refers to an implement, such as a pot or spoon, used in doing household work: 
Utensil  ָڼͶĹߣӻԿ 
cooking utensils laid out on the table.
ϵòߡ
Appliance   most frequently denotes a power-driven device, such as a toaster or refrigerator, that performs a specific function: 
Appliance  һָ⹤Ĺߣ翾¯䣺 
a store selling modern appliances. 
Ӫִĵ̵ 

= =
top
top 1
AHD:[t?p] 
D.J.[tKp]
K.K.[t$p]
n.ʣ
The uppermost part, point, surface, or end.
ˣĲ֡㡢β
The crown of the head:
ڣͷϵñӣ
from top to toe.
ͷ
The part of a plant, such as a rutabaga, that is above the ground.
ңݼֲ¶Ĳ
Something, such as a lid or cap, that covers or forms an uppermost part.
ǣڣǻγ沿ֵĶǻñ
The upper half of a two-piece garment, especially a sweater or knit shirt.
£װϰ벿ָ֣ë»֯
Nautical A platform enclosing the head of each mast of a sailing ship, to which the topmast rigging is attached.
 Φ¥Φ̣ϰΧзͷƽ̨Φ߾ͼӽ
The highest degree, pitch, or point; the peak, acme, or zenith:
ˣߵĳ̶ȣݵ㣻ɽ߷򶥷壺
It had come at a time when he was not feeling at the top of his form(Anthony Powell)
ʱû״̬(ᡤ)
The highest position or rank:
ߵλûְ
at the top of her profession.
ְҵĶ
A person in this position.
ˣλõ
Games The highest card or cards in a suit or hand.
Ϸ ţ֣һлߵһŻ
The best part.
õĲ
The earliest part or beginning:
ͷĲֻʼ
She played the piece again, from the top.
ͷʼµһ
Baseball The first half of an inning.
 ϰ볡ÿغϵǰ벿
Sports 
˶ 
A stroke that lands above the center of a ball, as in golf or tennis, giving it a forward spin.
ϲ򣺻ϵĳʹǰתڸ߶
A forward spin on a ball resulting from such a stroke.
ϲγɵǰת
adj.ݴʣ
Situated at the top:
λڶģ
the top shelf.
ܶ
Of the highest degree, quality, or amount:
ѵģ̶ߣûģ
in top form.
õ̬
In a position of preeminence:
ܳģڼͻλõģ
the top historian in her department.
ܳʷѧ
v.ʣ
topped,top.ping,tops 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form, furnish with, or serve as a top.
γɶװ趥
To reach the top of.
ﶥ
To go over the top of.

To exceed or surpass.
ڣ
To be at the head of:
ڡǰͷ
She topped her class.
ǰһ
To remove the top or uppermost part from; crop:
⣺ȥҲĲ֣޼
topped the fruit trees.

Sports 
˶ 
To strike the upper part of (a ball), giving it forward spin.
򣺻ģϰ벿֣ʹǰת
To make (a stroke) in this way.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a finish, an end, or a conclusion.
ܽ᣺βܽ
?
top off
To fill up (a container), especially when it is almost full to begin with.
װһָڿʼװʱͽӽ
To finish up.
ɣ
top out
To put the framework for the top story on (a building).
ⶥΪ¥ģһÿ
To fill up (a ship, for example).
װװһҴֻ
To cease rising:
ⶥֹͣ
Interest rates topped out at 16 percent.
Ϣڰٷ֮ʮⶥ
Informal To give up one's career just as one becomes highly successful.
ʽ ˣڻĳɹͷԼҵ
?
off the top of (one's) headʽ
In an impromptu way:
˼أԼ˵ķʽأ
She recited the poem off the top of her head.
˱ʫ
on top
At the highest point or peak.
ߵɽ
In a dominant, controlling, or successful position.
ԺգͳΡƻɹĵλ
on top ofʽ
In control of.

Fully informed about:
Ϣͨ鱨Դܶģ
a senator who is always on top of the issues.
һλϢǺͨĲԱ
In addition to; besides:
ӵأ⣺
On top of this, several other benefits are being offered.
⣬ôڳ
Following closely on; coming immediately after:
棺أžͳֵأ
Hail came on top of a violent thunderstorm.
һ͵󣬽˱
on top of the worldʽ
In a position of great happiness or success.
ϲأڼȸ˻ɹ״̬µ
over the top
Surpassing a goal or quota.
Ŀ򶨶
Over the breastwork, as an attack in trench warfare:
սԽǽģ
a whole battalion, onto the beachhead, over the top(Margaret Atwood)
̲ͷȫӪսʿѾԽǽ(ء)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
top
top 2
AHD:[t?p] 
D.J.[tKp]
K.K.[t$p]
n.ʣ
A toy having one end tapered to a point, allowing it to be spun, as by suddenly pulling a string wound around it.
ݣһּⶥߣͻȻ϶ܲת
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 

= =
topic
top.ic
AHD:[t?p1k] 
D.J.[6tKp!k]
K.K.[6t$p!k]
n.ʣ
The subject of a speech, an essay, a thesis, or a discourse.
⣺һƪ¡ĻֵĿ
A subject of discussion or conversation.
⣺ۻ̸
A subdivision of a theme, a thesis, or an outline.See Synonyms at subject 
⣻ϸĿ⣬Ļĸμ subject
?
Obsolete topic [rhetorical argument] [sing. of] Topics [title of a work by Aristotle] 
 topic [޴ѧı]  [] Topicsĵ [˹һƷı] 
from Latin Topica 
Դ  Topica 
from Greek Topika [commonplaces] [from neuter pl. of] topikos [of a place] 
Դ ϣ Topika [ƽģƽ]  [] ԴtopikosԸ [ĳһط] 
from topos [place] 
Դ topos [ط] 

= =
torch
torch
AHD:[t?rch] 
D.J.[t%8t.]
K.K.[t%rt.]
n.ʣ
A portable light produced by the flame of a stick of resinous wood or of a flammable material wound about the end of a stick of wood; a flambeau.
ѣ棺ɿȼľϵĿȼȼγɵĻ淢ĿЯʽĹ
Chiefly British A flashlight.
Ӣ ֵͲ
Something that serves to illuminate, enlighten, or guide.
򵼣
Slang An arsonist.
ٵ ݻ
A portable apparatus that produces a very hot flame by the combustion of gases, used in welding and construction.
ǹȼһֿЯʽװãںӻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
torched,torch.ing,torch.es ٵ 
To cause to burn or undergo combustion, especially with extraordinary rapidity, force, or thoroughness.
ʹѸȼգʹȼջڻ֮£رʹü죬ֶȫﵽĿ
?
Middle English torche 
йӢ torche 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Vulgar Latin *torca 
Դ  *torca 
alteration of Latin torqua 
  torquaı仯 
variant of torqu?s [torque] 
 torqu? [Ťת] 
from Latin torqu?e [to twist] * see  terk w- 
Դ  torqu?e [ʹŤ] *μ terk w- 

= =
torrent
tor.rent
AHD:[t?rnt, t?r-] 
D.J.[6t%8r*nt, 6tKr-]
K.K.[6t%r*nt, 6t$r-]
n.ʣ
A turbulent, swift-flowing stream.
γеģѸˮ
A heavy downpour; a deluge.
꣬Ľˮ
A heavy, uncontrolled outpouring:
ʵȣġܿƵע
a torrent of insults; torrents of mail.
һ裻
?
Latin torr?s  torrent- [from present participle of] torr?re [to burn] * see  ters- 
 torr?s  torrent-  [] Դtorr?reڷִ [] *μ ters- 

= =
tortoise
tor.toise
AHD:[t?rt1s] 
D.J.[6t%8t!s]
K.K.[6t%rt!s]
n.ʣ
Any of various terrestrial turtles, especially one of the family Testudinidae, characteristically having thick clublike hind limbs and a high, rounded carapace.
꣺һ½ڹ꣬رָڹĿĶһкأ÷״֫͸ʵԲμ׿
Chiefly British A terrestrial or freshwater chelonian.
Ӣ һִ½Եˮ
One that moves slowly; a laggard.
жٻˣ
?
Alteration  influenced by porpoise 
   porpoiseӰ
of Middle English tortuce 
 йӢ tortuceı仯 
from Medieval Latin tort?a 
Դ  tort?a 
alteration of Late Latin tartar?a [feminine of] tartar?chus [of the underworld] * see  turtle 1
  tartar?  [] tartar?chusԴ [ģ] *μ turtle1

= =
torture
tor.ture
AHD:[t?rchr] 
D.J.[6t%8t.*]
K.K.[6t%rt.+]
n.ʣ
Infliction of severe physical pain as a means of punishment or coercion.
򣻿̣Ϊͷѹֶζʩõ̷
An instrument or a method for inflicting such pain.
̾ߣʹĹ߻ֶ
Excruciating physical or mental pain; agony:
ĥܵϵʹࣻʹ
the torture of waiting in suspense.
ڲ֪еȴʹ
Something causing severe pain or anguish.
ҵʹʹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
tor.tured,tor.tur.ing,tor.tures 
To subject (a person or an animal) to torture.
򣺽˻ڿ֮
To bring great physical or mental pain upon (another).See Synonyms at afflict 
ĥŰʹˣܾ޴ʹμ afflict
To twist or turn abnormally; distort:
ʹòʹΪΣ
torture a rule to make it fit a case.
ѳŪʹܹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin tort?a 
Դ  tort?a 
from Latin tortus [past participle of] torqu?re [to twist] * see  tortuous 
Դ  tortus  [] torqu?reĹȥִ [] *μ tortuous
?
torturer
n.ʣ

= =
toss
toss
AHD:[t?s, t?s] 
D.J.[t%8s, tKs]
K.K.[t%s, t$s]
v.ʣ
tossed,toss.ing,toss.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To throw lightly or casually or with a sudden slight jerk:
ףأĵػᵫͻȻͶ
tossed the letter in the wastebasket.See Synonyms at throw 
żӽֽ¨μ throw
To throw, fling, or heave continuously about; pitch to and fro:
ʹʹҡصͶ񶯣
boats that were tossed by the storm.
ڷ籩еҡڵС
To mix (a salad) lightly so as to cover with dressing.
裨ʳؽ裨ɳԱϼ
To discuss informally; bandy:
ģʽ̸ۣ
tossed the idea around.
ĵؽ
To move or lift (the head) with a sudden motion:
ͻȻƶ̧Ѹ͵ٶͻȻƶ̧ͷ
tossing their heads in sprightly dance(William Wordsworth)
ӯõ貽оǵͷ(Ȼ˹)
To disturb or agitate; upset.
Żŭ
To throw to the ground:
ӵϣ
ducked the blow and tossed his opponent.
㿪ֵĽ
To flip (coins) in order to decide an issue.
ͶӲңĳ
To flip coins with:
ĳˣͶӲҾӮ
I'll toss you to see who goes first.
ͶӲ˭ȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be thrown here and there; be flung to and fro.
صͶص
To move about restlessly; twist and turn:
ȥ˶ת䣺
toss in one's sleep.
ȥ˯
To flip a coin to decide an issue.
ͶӲĳ
n.ʣ
The act of tossing or the condition of being tossed.
ףסӵΪҡ״̬
The distance that something is or can be tossed.
׾ࣺĳﱻԱľ
An abrupt upward movement, as of the head.
̧Ѹ͵ϵĶͷ
A flipping of a coin to decide an issue:
ͶңͶӲĳ飺
The home team won the toss and elected to kick off.
Ͷлʤѡ
?
toss down ʽ
To drink in one draft by suddenly tilting.
ɱͻȻбӣһȥ
toss off ʽ
To drink up in one draft.
ɱһȸɾ
To do or finish effortlessly or casually:
׾ٵɣκɵɣ
technicians who can toss off the Romantic blockbusters with stupendous speed and ease(Annalyn Swan)
ܹ̾ΪֹٶɴԵľըļԱ(˹)
?
Middle English tossen 
йӢ tossen 
[possibly of Scandinavian origin] 
[Դ˹ά] 
?
tosser
n.ʣ

= =
total
to.tal
AHD:[t?tl] 
D.J.[6t*&tl]
K.K.[6tot1]
n.ʣ
Abbr. tot.An amount obtained by addition; a sum.
д tot.ϼƣмӷóܺͣܶ
A whole quantity; an entirety.
ȫһ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or constituting the whole; entire.See Synonyms at whole 
ܼƵģȫģȫģȫйصģȫģĲμ whole
Complete; utter; absolute:
ȫģ׵ģԵģ
total concentration; a total effort; a total fool.
ȫУעһŬͷβɵ
v.ʣ
to.taled  to.talled to.tal.ing  to.tal.ling to.tals  to.tals  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine the total of; add up.
ϼƣ
To equal a total of; amount to.
ܼƴﵽĳһﵽ
Slang To wreck completely; demolish:
ٵ ׻ٻݻ٣
survived the crash but totaled the car.
ӹײױ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To add up; amount:
ӣﵽ
It totals to three dollars.
ﵽԪ
?
Middle English [whole] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin t?3lis} 
Դ  t?3lis} 
from Latin t?s * see  teut3- 
Դ  t?s *μ teut3- 

= =
touch
touch
AHD:[t?ch] 
D.J.[tJt.]
K.K.[tJt.]
v.ʣ
touched,touch.ing,touch.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause or permit a part of the body, especially the hand or fingers, to come in contact with so as to feel:
»һָָֻ֣롭ӴԸо
reached out and touched the smooth stone.
ִ⻬ʯͷ
To bring something into light contact with:
ʹĳ롭Ӵ
touched the sore spot with a probe.
̽ᴥʹ
To bring (one thing) into light contact with something else:
ʹһ壩ĳӴ
grounded the radio by touching a wire to it; touching fire to a fuse.
õᴥʹӵأȼ
To press or push lightly; tap:
ƣ΢ؼѹƣã
touched a control to improve the TV picture; touched 19 on the phone to get room service.
ᰴߵӻᰴ绰ϵĺ19Խͨĵ绰·
To lay hands on in violence:
ִˣñԡף
I never touched him!
Ҵû!
To eat or drink; taste:
Իȣ
She didn't touch her food.
ûгԶ
To disturb or move by handling:
ңƶͨӴһƶ
Just don't touch anything in my room!
ǲҪҷеκζ
To meet without going beyond; adjoin:
ӣӴûԽڣ
the ridge where his property touches mine.
ĵزҵӴļ
Mathematics To be tangent to.
ѧ 롭
To come up to; reach:
ӽﵽ
when the thermometer touches 90=.
¶ȼƴﵽʮȵʱ
To match in quality; equal:
ƥУȵϣ롭ƥУ롭ȣ
Rival artists can't touch her work at its best.
޷ͬѵƷƥ
To deal with, especially in passing; treat briefly or allusively:
漰ָ˳شԻἰضԴ
some remarks touching recent events.
һЩ漰ڵ¼
To be pertinent to; concern:
ڣйأ
environmental problems that touch us all.
˶йصĻ
To affect the emotions of; move to tender response:
Ӱ졭жӰ졭УʹеķӦ
an appeal that touched us deeply.
ǵĺ
To injure slightly:
΢˺
plants touched by frost.
˪ֲ
To color slightly; tinge:
ظɫȾɫ
a white petal touched with pink.
һ˿ɫİɫ
To draw with light strokes.
ıʴ
To change or improve by adding fine lines or strokes.
Լ޸ģͨϸСʴĸıĽ
To stamp (tested metal).
ӡǣĽǴ
Slang To wheedle a loan or handout from:
ٵ ƭȡ̽裺
touched a friend for five dollars.
ѽԪ
Archaic To strike or pluck the keys or strings of (a musical instrument).
 Σû򵯣һģ̻
To play (a musical piece).
ݣһƷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To touch someone or something.
Ӵĳ˻ĳ
To be or come into contact:
ϵӴӴʼӴ
Don't let the live wires touch.
Ҫ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of touching.
Ϊ
The physiological sense by which external objects or forces are perceived through contact with the body.
ͨĽӴܵⲿй
A sensation experienced in touching something with a characteristic texture:
Уһжʵصĳʱ鵽ĸо
felt the touch of snowflakes on her face.
ܵѩƮϵĸо
A light push; a tap:
ƣģ
an electric switch that requires just a touch.
ֻҪһĵӿ
A discernible mark or effect left by contact with something.
ۼĳӴµĿɱϵıǻЧ
A small change or addition, or the effect achieved by it:
ΣɫСĸĶӣɴ˵õЧ
Candlelight provided just the right touch.
ֻṩ΢ĸı
A suggestion, hint, or tinge:
ʾʾ΢Ⱦ
a touch of jealousy.
΢
A mild attack:
΢ֺ
a touch of the flu.

A small amount; a dash:

a touch of paprika.

A manner or technique of striking the keys of a keyboard instrument:
ɣû̹ߵļķʽɣ
He types quickly, using a light touch.
ָٴ
The resistance to pressure characteristic of the keys of a keyboard:
̵ļеĶѹĵֿ
an old piano with uneven touch.
ߵͲͬľɸ
A characteristic way of doing things:
ⷽһֶطʽ
recognized my friend's touch in the choice of the card.
ѡؿпѶߵ·
A facility; a knack:
ɣţ
lose one's touch.
ɥʧĳ˵ļ
The state of being in contact or communication:
ϵӴڽӴϵе״̬
kept in touch with several classmates; out of touch with current trends.
ͼλͬѧϵִŲ
An official stamp indicating the quality of a metal product.
ӡǣƷĹٷӡ
Slang 
ٵ 
The act of approaching someone for a loan or handout.
ĳ˽Ҫʩ᣺ӽĳԻôʩΪ
A prospect for a loan or handout:
Ķڽʩˣ
a generous person, a soft touch for beggars.
һˣǶؤʩ
Sports The area just outside the sidelines in Rugby and soccer.
˶ 򳡵ر߽
?
touch down
To make contact with the ground; land:
أ½ʹӴ½
The spacecraft touched down on schedule.
̫շɴƻ½
touch off
To cause to explode; fire.
ʹը
To initiate; trigger:
ʼ
disclosures that touched off a public uproar.
һƬȻ¶
To describe or portray with deft precision.
ֵþȷıʷд
touch on  
touch upon
To deal with (a topic) in passing.
˳㴦һ⣩
To pertain to; concern.
ڣ漰
To approach being; verge on:
ӽ٣
frenzy that touched on clinical insanity.
ӽٴϾҵĿ
touch up
To improve by making minor corrections, changes, or additions.
ƣͨϸСĸĶԸĽ
?
touch base 
touch bases ʽ
To renew a line of communication:
¿ͨһϵ·
He went out of his way to touch base with a broad cross section of . . . residents(George B. Merry)
䷳غһȺдԵĸɫ(B.÷)
?
Middle English touchen 
йӢ touchen 
from Old French touchier 
Դ ŷ touchier 
[perhaps of imitative origin] 
[Դ] 
?
touchable
adj.ݴʣ
touchableness
n.ʣ
toucher
n.ʣ
?
touch,feel,finger,handle,palpate,paw
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to bring the hands or fingers into contact with so as to give or receive a physical sensation: 
Щʹе˼ǡʹָֻ롭ӴӶõһо 
gently touched my hand;
ḧҵ֣
felt the runner's pulse;
ߵ
fingering his worry beads;
Ū飻
handle a bolt of fabric;
һƥ֯
palpating the patient's abdomen;
˵ĸ
fans pawing a celebrity's arm. See also Synonyms at  affect 1
ƴץסֱ۵Ŀ μͬ affect1

= =
tough
tough
AHD:[t?f] 
D.J.[tJf]
K.K.[tJf]
adj.ݴʣ
tough.er,tough.est 
Able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient:
͵ģܹܾ޴˺ƻѵģʵҸеԵģ
a tough all-weather fabric.
һּ͵ȫ֯
Hard to cut or chew:
вģ
tough meat.

Physically hardy; rugged:
ǿ׳ģǿģܳԿ͵ģ
tough mountaineers; a tough cop.See Synonyms at strong 
ǿ׳ɽǿ׳ľμ strong
Severe; harsh:
Ͽģ̵ģ
a tough winter.
һ϶
Aggressive; pugnacious.
Եģս
Inclined to violent or disruptive behavior; rowdy or rough:
ֱģĻƻԵΪģҰģ
a tough street group.
Ľַ·
Demanding or troubling; difficult:
ѵģĻ鷳ģѵģ
skipping the toughest questions.
ѵ
Strong-minded; resolute:
־ǿģģ
a tough negotiator.
̬ȼ̸
Slang Unfortunate; too bad:
ٵ ҵģģ
a tough break.
ù
Slang Fine; great.
ٵ õģ
n.ʣ
A violent or rowdy person; a hoodlum or thug.
ֱ򰮳ֵˣå
?
tough it outٵ
To get through despite hardship; endure:
Ѷܣ
It helps if one was raised to tough it out(Gail Sheehy)
һڼга(Ƕϣ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?h 
Դ Ӣ t?h 
?
toughly
adv.ʣ
toughness
n.ʣ

= =
tour
tour
AHD:[t?r] 
D.J.[t&*]
K.K.[t&r]
n.ʣ
A trip with visits to various places of interest for business, pleasure, or instruction.
ΣΪ˹ֻι۶ദʤһ
A group organized for such a trip or for a shorter sightseeing excursion.
ţΪһлһ̵Ĺ۹ж֯һһȺ
A brief trip to or through a place for the purpose of seeing it:
ѲӣΪ˿ĳضļлһȦ
a tour of the house.
Ѳһ·
A journey to fulfill a round of engagements in several places:
ѲػΪڼطеһУ
a pianist on a concert tour.
Ѳرݵĸټ
A shift, as in a factory.
ְ࣬繤е
A period of duty at a single place or job.
ְڣĳطְϵһ
v.ʣ
toured,tour.ing,tours 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To travel from place to place, especially for pleasure.
۹⣺һеһأָΪ
To travel among various places while fulfilling engagements.
Ѳأڸֵطеͬʱŵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a tour of:
ΡѲӣ
toured Europe last summer; officials touring the scene of the disaster.
ȥŷ޹۹⣬ѲֵصĹԱ
To present (a play, for example) on a tour.
ѲݳбݣһϷ磩
?
Middle English [a turn] 
йӢ [ת] 
from Old French  influenced by tourner [to turn about] 
Դ ŷ   tournerӰ [ת] 
from Latin tornus [lathe] * see  turn 
Դ  tornus [] *μ turn
?
tourer
n.ʣ

= =
tourist
tour.ist
AHD:[t?r1st] 
D.J.[6t&*r!st]
K.K.[6t&r!st]
n.ʣ
One who travels for pleasure.
οͣΪֶе
?
touristic
adj.ݴʣ
touristy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tow
tow 1
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[t*&]
K.K.[to]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
towed,tow.ing,tows 
To draw or pull behind by a chain or line:
ϡӻק
a tugboat towing a barge.See Synonyms at pull 
һҲϴμ pull
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of towing.
ҷΪ
The condition of being towed:
ҷ״
a car with a trailer in tow.
ϳҷ
Something, such as a tugboat, that tows.
ҷĳ
Something, such as a barge or car, that is towed.
ҷĳ粵
A rope or cable used in towing.
£ҷ
?
in tow
Under close guidance; in one's charge:
ָܵ£ĳ˿ƣ
The new girl was taken in tow by an older student.
Ůһλͽϴѧи
As a companion or follower:
Ϊͬ׷ߣ
came to dinner with a friend in tow.
ͬһλԷ
?
Middle English towen 
йӢ towen 
from Old English togian * see  deuk- 
Դ Ӣ togian *μ deuk- 
?
towable
adj.ݴʣ
tower
n.ʣ
?
tow
tow 2
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[t*&]
K.K.[to]
n.ʣ
Coarse broken flax or hemp fiber prepared for spinning.See Regional Note at gunnysack 
ˣм׼ڷɴĴֵĶѵάμ gunnysack
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
possibly from Old English t?- [spinning] 
Դ Ӣ t?- [] 

= =
towel
tow.el
AHD:[toul] 
D.J.[6ta&*l]
K.K.[6ta&*l]
n.ʣ
A piece of absorbent cloth or paper used for wiping or drying.
ëֽһϴĲֽˮֵ
v.ʣ
tow.eled  tow.elled tow.el.ing  tow.el.ling tow.els  tow.els  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wipe or rub dry with a towel.
ëֽɡ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dry oneself with a towel.
ëԼ
?
Middle English towaille 
йӢ towaille 
from Old French toaille 
Դ ŷ toaille 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
tower
tow.er
AHD:[tour] 
D.J.[6ta&*]
K.K.[6ta&+]
n.ʣ
A building or part of a building that is exceptionally high in proportion to its width and length.
¥һ֣ĿȺͳȶԷǳĸ
A tall, slender structure used for observation, signaling, or pumping.
״ϸĽڹ۲졢źŻѹ
One that conspicuously embodies strength, firmness, or another virtue.
ΰˣӵµ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
tow.ered,tow.er.ing,tow.ers 
To appear at or rise to a conspicuous height; loom:
ʣ۵ĸ߶ȳֻ۸߶ȣȻ֣
There he stood, grown suddenly tall, towering above them(J.R.R. Tolkien)See Synonyms at rise 
վǶȻüߴ֮ϡ(J.R.R.ж)μ rise
To fly directly upward before swooping or falling. Used of certain birds.
߷ɣ˻׹ǰֱϷУָĳЩ
To demonstrate great superiority; be preeminent:
ʤʾ޴ƣ׿Խ
towers over other poets of the day.
ʤһʱڵʫ
?
Middle English tur, tour, towr 
йӢ tur, tour, towr 
from Old English torr 
Դ Ӣ torr 
and from Old French tur 
Դ ŷ tur 
both from Latin turris 
Դ  turris 
probably from Greek tursis, turris 
Դ ϣ tursis, turris 

= =
town
town
AHD:[toun] 
D.J.[ta&n]
K.K.[ta&n]
n.ʣ
Abbr. t.,T.,tn.A population center, often incorporated, larger than a village and usually smaller than a city.
д t.,T.,tn.˿ģͨΪϷʵ壬ȴׯͨȳС
The residents of such a population center:
һ˿ĵľסߣ
The whole town disagreed with the mayor.
е񶼲ͬгĹ۵
A township.

Informal A city:
ʽ У
New York is a big town.
ŦԼһ
Chiefly British A rural village that has a market or fair periodically.
Ӣ меũ
The commercial district or center of an area:
ҵģҵλһģ
going into town for shopping.
ҵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
town streets; town populations.
ֵ˿
?
on the townʽ
In spirited pursuit of the entertainment offered by a town or city.
Ѱеֻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English t?n [enclosed place, village] * see  dh?-no- 
Դ Ӣ t?n [յĵطׯ] *μ dh?-no- 
?
Town
Town
AHD:[toun] Ithiel (1784-1844) 
D.J.[ta&n]
K.K.[ta&n]
NONE޴ԣ
American architect particularly known for the design and construction of truss bridges.
˹(1784-1844) ѧңرŵƺͽ

= =
toy
toy
AHD:[toi] 
D.J.[t%!]
K.K.[t%!]
n.ʣ
An object for children to play with.
ߣúˣƷ
Something of little importance; a trifle.
С£ûҪԵĳ
An amusement; a pastime:
֣ǲ
thought of the business as a toy.
ΪϷ
A small ornament; a bauble.
СװƷ۶޼ֵ֮
A diminutive thing or person.
ССС
A dog of a very small breed or of a variety smaller than the standard variety of its breed.
СһַǳСĹȱ׼ƷСĹ
Scots A loose covering for the head, formerly worn by women.
ո ǰŮͷһֿɵڸ
Chiefly Southern U.S. A shooter marble.
ϲ һֵĵ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ͨһʣ
a toy truck; a toy stove; a toy chest.
߿¯ľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
toyed,toy.ing,toys 
To amuse oneself idly; trifle:
ɢʹԼ֣ϷŪ
a cat toying with a mouse.
Ūһֻè
To treat something casually or without seriousness:
ʻضԴĳ
toyed with the idea of writing a play.See Synonyms at flirt 
ݲݶԴд뷨μ flirt
?
Middle English toye [amorous play, a piece of fun] 
йӢ toye [磬Ʒ] 

= =
trace
trace 1
AHD:[tr3s] 
D.J.[tre!s]
K.K.[tres]
n.ʣ
A visible mark, such as a footprint, made or left by the passage of a person, an animal, or a thing.
ۼˡͨɻµһɼǺţӡ
Evidence or an indication of the former presence or existence of something; a vestige.
żʾĳǰֹڵ֤ݻָʾۼ
A barely perceivable indication; a touch:
˿һּܸоһ˿
spoke with a trace of sarcasm.
һ˿˵
An extremely small amount.
ǳС
A constituent, such as a chemical compound or element, present in quantities less than a standard limit.
ȱ׼޶Сһ绯ѧԪ
A path or trail that has been beaten out by the passage of animals or people.
С·ɶͨȳһ·С
A way or route followed.
·ߣĵ··
A line drawn by a recording instrument, such as a cardiograph.
ߣһ¼ĵͼ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The point at which a line, or the curve in which a surface, intersects a coordinate plane.
㣬ߣƽཻĵһƽཻ
The sum of the elements of the principal diagonal of a matrix.
һԽԪ֮
An engram.
ӡ
v.ʣ
traced,trac.ing,trac.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To follow the course or trail of:
٣桭ĵ·㼣
trace a wounded deer; tracing missing persons.
һͷ˵¹׷Ѱʧ
To ascertain the successive stages in the development or progress of:
׷ݣ̽ȷڡķչеĸ׶Σ
tracing the life cycle of an insect; trace the history of a family.
̽һڣ׷һʷ
To locate or discover by searching or researching evidence:
ͨѰһо֤ȷ֣
trace the cause of a disease.
һԭ
To draw (a line or figure); sketch; delineate.
軭һͼΣݻ棻
To form (letters) with special concentration or care.
죺رרĻСĵع루֣
To copy by following lines seen through a sheet of transparent paper.
ġͨ͸͸ֽŵи
To imprint (a design) by pressure with an instrument on a superimposed pattern.
ѹӡͨһѹһͼӡڸģ
To make a design or series of markings on (a surface) by such pressure on a pattern.
ӡͨһģʩѹڣһƽϣһͼһϵб
To record (a variable), as on a graph.
ǣ¼һͼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make one's way along a trail or course:
һС·ǰ
traced through the files.
˳СҰ
To have origins; be traceable:
Դ׷ݵģ
linguistic features that trace to West Africa.
׷ݵǵ
?
Middle English [track] 
йӢ [ۼ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from tracier [to make one's way] 
Դ tracier [ǰ] 
from Vulgar Latin *tr33re} 
Դ  *tr33re} 
from Latin tr3s [a dragging, course] [from past participle of] trahere [to draw] 
Դ  tr3s [һѣ·]  [] ԴtrahereĹȥִ [] 
?
traceability  
traceableness
n.ʣ
traceable
adj.ݴʣ
traceably
adv.ʣ
?
trace,vestige,track,trail
These nouns denote a visible sign or perceptible indication of the passage or former presence of something.
Щʶָһɼıǻɾ쵽ĳǰͨڵָʾ
 Trace   applies to both physical and immaterial evidence: 
 Trace  ͬʱָʵļʵļ 
I immediately recognized the charred traces of a fire.
һӾͱϳˮչµĽ̿ۼ
Despite his excellent English,he still retains the faint trace of a French accent.
ӢﾡʮֳɫԴеһ˿
Vestige   refers to a surviving remnant of what once existed or is past: 
Vestige  ָڻĲࣺ 
long lines of edifices, vestiges of whose ruins may still be found  (William Hickling Prescott); 
 Կҵ۴αȵĴõż  ϣ֡˹أ 
vestiges of a very universal custom  (Henry Hallam).
 һǳձķ׵ż  ķ
 Track   usually denotes a mark or succession of marks, as footprints, left by something that has passed: 
 Track  ָͨͨĳµһǺŻһϵмǺţ㼣 
Archaeologists excavated fossilized dinosaur tracks from the riverbed.
ѧҴӺӴھ㼣ʯ
Trail   can refer to the tracks of a person or an animal,especially one being hunted: 
Trail  ָһ˻ĺۼָ׷Եģ 
We came across the recent trails of but two of the animals we were after  (Theodore Roosevelt).
 ׷Ѱеֻټ  ¶ࡤ˹
?
trace
trace 2
AHD:[tr3s] 
D.J.[tre!s]
K.K.[tres]
n.ʣ
One of two side straps or chains connecting a harnessed draft animal to a vehicle or whiffletree.
ߵǣһߴеһ
A bar or rod, hinged at either end to another part, that transfers movement from one part of a machine to another.
ˣýһһ˵һˣɽ˶ӻһִ͵һ
?
Middle English trais 
йӢ trais 
from Old French [pl. of] trait [a hauling, harness strap] 
Դ ŷ  [] traitĸ [Ƥ] 
from Latin tr3s [a hauling] [from past participle of] trahere [to haul] 
Դ  tr3s []  [] ԴtrahereĹȥִ [] 

= =
track
track
AHD:[tr2k] 
D.J.[tr#k]
K.K.[tr#k]
n.ʣ
A mark or succession of marks left by something that has passed.See Synonyms at trace 1
ۼټ켣ͨĳµһһļǺŲμ trace1
A path, route, or course indicated by such marks:
··ļǺűĵ··߻ͨ
an old wagon track through the mountains.
һĵ·ɽ
A path along which something moves; a course:
ĳ˶ĵ·
following the track of an airplane on radar.
״ٷɻĺ
A course of action; a method of proceeding:
룬·ߣжĵ·ǰķ
on the right track for solving the puzzle.
ѭȷ·߽һ
An intended or proper course:
Ļʵĵ·
putting a stalled project back on track.
ļƻ
A succession of ideas; a train of thought.
˼룺̶˼룻һ뷨
Awareness of something occurring or passing:
֪ĳ﷢ͨ
keeping track of the score; lost all track of time.
ֵ÷ʱĸоɥʧеʱ
Sports 
˶ 
A course laid out for running or racing.
ܻܵĵ·
Athletic competition on such a course; track events.
ĵ·ϽеĿ
Track and field.

A rail or set of parallel rails upon which railroad cars or other vehicles run.
죺·еһһƽй
A metal groove or ridge that holds, guides, and reduces friction for a moving device or apparatus.
죺һۻ򼹣ɳܡƶװû豸Ħ
Any of several courses of study to which students are assigned according to ability, achievement, or needs:
ֹƿγ̣ѧɼҪøǵļѧϰγ̣
academic, vocational, and general tracks.
ѧְҵһķֹƿγ
A distinct path, as along a length of film or magnetic tape, on which sound or other information is recorded.
죺һĹһνƬŴģɽϢ¼
A distinct selection from a sound recording, such as a phonograph record or compact disk, usually containing an individual work or part of a larger work:
һ¼¼糪ƬѹнѡĶһΣͨһƷһϴƷеһ֣
the title track of an album.
ר
One of the separate sound recordings that are combined so as to be heard simultaneously, as in stereophonic sound reproduction:
ֿ¼ȻԱͬʱһ¼еģ
mixed the vocal track and instrumental track.

v.ʣ
tracked,track.ing,tracks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To follow the tracks of; trail:
ڡ㼣󣻸٣
tracking game through the forest.
׷ﴩɭ
To pursue successfully:
ɹ׷
When, like a running grave, time tracks you down(Dylan Thomas)
ʱܵķĹ㲶(ס˹)
To move over or along; traverse.
ԽɣԽš˶
To carry on the shoes and deposit:
Ьϴš£
tracked mud on the rug.
ſڵ̺ϰཬȥ
To observe or monitor the course of (aircraft, for example), as by radar.
࿴۲⣨ɻĺͨ״
To observe the progress of; follow:
׷٣۲졭Ḷ̌׷棺
tracking the company's performance daily.
׷ٹ˾ÿҵ
To equip with a track.
Ե졢ܵ
To assign (a student) to a curricular track.
ָγ̣һѧֵֹƿγȥ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move along a track.
Źǰ
To follow a course; travel.
һ·ߣ
To keep a constant distance apart. Used of a pair of wheels.
ַֿȶľ롣ָһӵ
To be in alignment.
λһ
?
in (one's) tracks
Exactly where one is standing:
ĳվĵط
stopped him right in his tracks.
ֹ
?
Middle English trak 
йӢ trak 
from Old French trac 
Դ ŷ trac 
[perhaps of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
trackable
adj.ݴʣ
tracker
n.ʣ

= =
tract
tract 1
AHD:[tr2kt] 
D.J.[tr#kt]
K.K.[tr#kt]
n.ʣ
An expanse of land or water.
һƬػˮ
A specified or limited area of land:
ضĻ޵
developing a 30-acre tract.
ʮӢĶ
Anatomy 
ѧ 
A system of organs and tissues that together perform a specialized function:
ϵͳһִĳһضܵټ֯ϵͳ
the alimentary tract.
ټ
A bundle of nerve fibers having a common origin, termination, and function.
άйͬ㣬ۼܵһά
Archaic A stretch or lapse of time.
 һӳȥʱ
?
Middle English [period of time] 
йӢ [һʱ] 
from Latin tr3s [course, space, period of time] [from past participle of] trahere [to draw] 
Դ  tr3s [򡢿ռ䣬һʱ]  [] ԴtrahereĹȥִ [] 
?
tract
tract 2
AHD:[tr2kt] 
D.J.[tr#kt]
K.K.[tr#kt]
n.ʣ
A leaflet or pamphlet containing a declaration or an appeal, especially one put out by a religious or political group.
СӣԻĴСᣬָڽ̻ɢ
?
Middle English tracte [treatise] 
йӢ tracte [] 
probably short for Latin tr33tus} [from past participle of] tr3ct3re [to discuss] [frequentative of] trahere [to draw] 
Ϊ  tr33tusļд}  [] Դtr3ct3reĹȥִ []  [] trahereظ [ƶϳ] 
?
tract
tract 3
AHD:[tr2kt] 
D.J.[tr#kt]
K.K.[tr#kt]
n.ʣ
The verses from Scripture sung during Lent or on Ember days after the gradual in the Roman Catholic Mass.
ӽڴիںļիڼ䣬ʥӽʥеʫ
?
Middle English tracte 
йӢ tracte 
from Medieval Latin tr3s 
Դ  tr3s 
from Latin [a drawing out (from its being an uninterrupted solo)] * see  tract 1
Դ  [ȡһδϵĶ] *μ tract1

= =
tractor
trac.tor
AHD:[tr2ktr] 
D.J.[6tr#kt*]
K.K.[6tr#kt+]
n.ʣ
A vehicle, powered by a gasoline or diesel motor, having large heavily treaded tires, and used in mowing, farming, or other applications.
һͻͷΪĳо޴صĴڸݣũ;
A truck having a cab and no body, used for pulling large vehicles such as vans or trailers.
ǣһмʻҶ޳Ŀǣͳϳ
Something that pulls or draws.
ϵĳ
An airplane propeller mounted in front of the supporting surfaces.
ǣװ֧ǰķɻ
An airplane having such a propeller.
ɻһķɻ
A toothed mechanism that automatically advances perforated continuous-form paper through a computer printer.
ֽһгݵĻеװãԶʹͨӡĴ׵ҳֽǰ
?
From Latin tr3s [past participle of] trahere [to draw] 
Դ  tr3s  [] trahereĹȥִ [] 

= =
trade
trade
AHD:[tr3d] 
D.J.[tre!d]
K.K.[tred]
n.ʣ
The business of buying and selling commodities; commerce.See Synonyms at business 
óףƷĽףҵμ business
The people working in or associated with a business or an industry:
ͬУͬҵһҵҵϵǣ
a textile-exporting publication for the trade.
֯ҵķ֯Ʒڿ
The customers of a specified business or industry; clientele.
˿ͣһضҵҵĹ˿ͣ
The act or an instance of buying or selling; transaction.
ף۵Ϊӣ
An exchange of one thing for another.
һȡһ
An occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor; craft:
ְҵְҵָҪͶģգ
the building trades, including carpentry, masonry, plumbing, and electrical installation.
ҵľʯܵ߹
Often trades The trade winds. Used withthe.  
  trades ó׷硣the  
v.ʣ
trad.ed,trad.ing,trades 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in buying and selling for profit.
óףΪ¹
To make an exchange of one thing for another.
һһн
To shop or buy regularly:
ˣϽֹ
trades at the local supermarket.
ϵصĳг
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give in exchange for something else:
ԻȡͬĶ
trade farm products for manufactured goods; will trade my ticket for yours.
ũƷȡҵƳƷҵƱ㻻
To buy and sell (stock, for example).
ƱףۣƱ
To pass back and forth:
ͨ
We traded jokes.
زϵ˵Ц
?
trade down
To trade something in for something else of lower value or price:
ۡԻȡĳԹͼֵͼ۸
bought a new, smaller car, trading the old one down for economy.
Ϊ˽Լ˾ɳһС
trade in
To surrender or sell (an old or used item), using the proceeds as partial payment on a new purchase.
ԣɻֹ»һɵĻùƷÿһƷĲ˿
trade on
To put to calculated and often unscrupulous advantage; exploit:
ãþĲ߻ͨ޳ܵ棻ã
children of celebrities who trade on their family names.
Ǽͥ˺
trade up
To trade something in for something else of greater value or price:
ԣɻ߼ֵƷĳԹ߼ֵ߼۸
The value of our house soared, enabling us to trade up to a larger place.
ⷿݵļֵʹǿһĵط
?
Middle English [course] 
йӢ [·] 
from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
?
tradable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tradition
tra.di.tion
AHD:[tr-d1shn] 
D.J.[tr*6d!.*n]
K.K.[tr*6d!.*n]
n.ʣ
The passing down of elements of a culture from generation to generation, especially by oral communication.
ڴĻҪشһ˴һˣָͨͷڵķʽ
A mode of thought or behavior followed by a people continuously from generation to generation; a custom or usage.
ĳһһֱصһ˼Ϊʽϰ߻ϰ
A set of such customs and usages viewed as a coherent body of precedents influencing the present:
ͳӰڵһǰķ׺ϰߣ
followed family tradition in dress and manners.See Synonyms at heritage 
ڴź;ֹԺܴͳμ heritage
A body of unwritten religious precepts.
壺һ׷ڽ̸
A time-honored practice or set of such practices.
ȷʵһʵ
Law Transfer of property to another.
ɡ ƽƲһ
?
Middle English tradicion 
йӢ tradicion 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tr3?}  tr3diti?n- 
Դ  tr3?}  tr3diti?n- 
from tr3s [past participle of] tr3dere [to hand over, deliver, entrust] 
Դ tr3s  [] tr3dereĹȥִ [ݸи] 
tr33ns-} [trans-] 
tr33ns-} [Խ] 
dare [to give] * see  d?- 
dare [] *μ d?- 

= =
traditional
tra.di.tion.al
AHD:[tr-d1sh-nl] 
D.J.[tr*6d!.*n*l]
K.K.[tr*6d!.*n*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or in accord with tradition:
ͳģģģͳģصĻһµģ
the traditional handshake; a traditional wedding ceremony.
Ե֣ͳȢ
?
traditionally
adv.ʣ

= =
traffic
traf.fic
AHD:[tr2f1k] 
D.J.[6tr#f!k]
K.K.[6tr#f!k]
n.ʣ
The commercial exchange of goods; trade.
óףҵó
Illegal or improper commercial activity:
ףϷҵ
drug traffic on city streets.
ڴϷǷеĶƷ
The business of moving passengers and cargo through a transportation system.See Synonyms at business 
䣺ͨϵͳװ˳˿ͻҵμ business
The amount of cargo or number of passengers conveyed.
ػس˿͵Ŀ
The passage of people, vehicles, or messages along routes of transportation or communication.
ͨͨѶ·߻ͨ·ˡϢͨ
Vehicles or pedestrians in transit:
ͨеĳˣ
heavy traffic on the turnpike; stopped oncoming traffic to let the children cross.
շѸٹ·Ͻͨæжӭĳúǹ
Social or verbal exchange; communication:
ʣ罻ĻԵĽ̸
Refused further traffic with the estranged friend.
ܾͱԶѽһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
traf.ficked,traf.fick.ing,traf.fics 
To carry on trade or other dealings:
ó׻ף
trafficked in liquidation merchandise; traffic with gangsters.
бƷĽףͷͽ
?
French trafic 
 trafic 
from Old French trafique 
Դ ŷ trafique 
from Old Italian traffico 
Դ  traffico 
from trafficare [to trade] 
Դ trafficare [ó] 
perhaps from Catalan trafegar [to decant] 
Դ ̩ trafegar [] 
from Vulgar Latin *tr33re} 
Դ  *tr33re} 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [Խ] 
faex  faec- [dregs] * see  feces 
faex  faec- [] *μ feces
?
trafficker
n.ʣ

= =
tragedy
trag.e.dy
AHD:[tr2j1-d?] 
D.J.[6tr#d9!di8]
K.K.[6tr#d9!di]
n.ʣ
 trag.e.dies 
A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, a moral weakness, or an inability to cope 
with unfavorable circumstances.
磺ϷѧƷеҪܼ˵ʹ࣬򱯾ȱݡӦɵĺ
The genre made up of such works.
ѧƷɵѧ
The art or theory of writing or producing these works.
ۣдЩƷ
A play, film, television program, or other narrative work that portrays or depicts calamitous events and has an unhappy but meaningful ending.
ʽƷ̻д¼ľӰӽĿƷвҵĵζĽ
A disastrous event, especially one involving distressing loss or injury to life:
Ҿ磺¼ָ漰ܲʧ˺飺
an expedition that ended in tragedy, with all hands lost at sea.
Բһյһ̽գеֶںɥ
A tragic aspect or element.
ػɷ
?
Middle English tragedie 
йӢ tragedie 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tragoedia 
Դ  tragoedia 
from Greek trag?a 
Դ ϣ trag?a 
tragos [goat] 
tragos [ɽ] ??} [song] * see  wed- 2??} [] *μ wed- 2

= =
tragic
trag.ic
AHD:[tr2j1k] 
D.J.[6tr#d9!k]
K.K.[6tr#d9!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Relating to or characteristic of dramatic tragedy or tragedies:
йϷбĻԴΪصģ
tragic plays; the tragic hero.
籾ʽ˹
Writing or performing in tragedy:
дݱģ
a tragic poet.
һλʫ
Having the elements of tragedy; involving death, grief, or destruction:
бɷֵģ漰ʹģ
a tragic accident.
ҵ¹
?
Latin tragicus 
 tragicus 
from Greek tragikos 
Դ ϣ tragikos 
from tragos [goat] 
Դ tragos [ɽ] 

= =
trail
trail
AHD:[tr3l] 
D.J.[tre!l]
K.K.[trel]
v.ʣ
trailed,trail.ing,trails 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To allow to drag or stream behind, as along the ground:
ҷáϻƮں棬ŵ棺
The dog ran off, trailing its leash.
Źܿ
To drag (the body, for example) wearily or heavily.
Уƣػص϶壩
To follow the traces or scent of, as in hunting; track.
٣׷桭㼣ζУ׷
To follow the course taken by; pursue:
׷棺šߵ·٣
trail a fugitive.
׷һӷ
To follow behind:
ڡ棺
several cruisers trailed by an escorting destroyer.
һں󻤺ļѲ
To lag behind (an opponent):
ڣֵģ棺
trailed the league leader by four games.
ȵĶľ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drag or be dragged along, brushing the ground:
ҷŵϻ򱻴ϣ
The queen's long robe trailed behind.
Ůĳں
To extend, grow, or droop loosely over a surface:
ӣһƽԼչʹ
vines trailing through the garden.
԰֮е
To drift in a thin stream:
ƮһϸСƮ
smoke trailing from a dying fire.
ϨĻƮ
To become gradually fainter; dwindle:
𽥱΢С
His voice trailed off in confusion.
𽥱С
To walk or proceed with dragging steps; trudge.
ߣҷĲ߻ǰѵ
To be behind in competition; lag:
ڱ
trailing by two goals in the second period.
°볡
n.ʣ
Something that hangs loose and long:
ק֮ɹŵĳ
Trails of ticker tape floated down from office windows.
Ʈڰ칫ҴڵĲɫֽ
Something that is drawn along or follows behind; a train:
һšںĳһУ
the senator, followed by a trail of reporters.
һβĲԱ
A succession of things that come afterward or are left behind:
β֮ں
left a trail of broken promises.
һõŵ
A mark or trace left by something that has moved or been dragged by.See Synonyms at trace 1
ۼƶҷͨĳµһǺŻۼμ trace1
A succession of such marks indicating a course taken; a track:
٣μ·һϵļǺţ㼣
the trail of a hunted animal.
׷㼣
A marked or beaten path, as through woods or wilderness.
СмǺŻȳһ·紩ԽɭֻҰ
An overland route:
һԽ½ص·ߣ
the pioneers' trail across the prairies.
ػǴԽԭ·
The part of a gun carriage that rests or slides on the ground.
װ壺ڵص滬Ĵּܲ
The act of trailing.
קקΪ
?
Middle English trailen 
йӢ trailen 
probably from Old French trailler [to hunt without a foreknown course] 
Դ ŷ trailler [Ȳ֪·ȥ] 
from Vulgar Latin *tr33re} [to make a deer double back and forth] 
Դ  *tr33re} [ʹ¹ǰ] 
perhaps alteration  influenced by Latin tr3a [dragnet] 
Ϊ    tr3 [] 
of Latin trahere [to pull, draw] 
  trahereı仯 [ק] 

= =
train
train
AHD:[tr3n] 
D.J.[tre!n]
K.K.[tren]
n.ʣ
Abbr. tn.A series of connected railroad cars pulled or pushed by one or more locomotives.
д tn.гһ𳵻ͷǣƵһϵ·
A long line of moving people, animals, or vehicles.
Уӣһƶˣ
The personnel, vehicles, and equipment following and providing supplies and services to a combat unit.
ضӣ»ṩͷһսλԱ豸
A part of a gown that trails behind the wearer.
ȹգڴߺ˯µһ
A staff of people following in attendance; a retinue.
ԱиӵȫԱԱ
An orderly succession of related events or thoughts; a sequence.See Synonyms at series 
һϵ¼˼һϵвμ series
A series of consequences wrought by an event; aftermath.
һ¼ɵһϵн
A set of linked mechanical parts:
ϵһӵĻе
a train of gears.
ϵ
A string of gunpowder that acts as a fuse for exploding a charge.
ߣһκɫҩߣըҩ
v.ʣ
trained,train.ing,trains 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or performance.
ѵ̵ʹϰһΪַʽ
To make proficient with specialized instruction and practice.See Synonyms at teach 
ѵָͨʵͨμ teach
To prepare physically, as with a regimen:
ѵʹΪ׼ͨĦ
train athletes for track-and-field competition.
Ϊﾶѵ˶Ա
To cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course or shape, as by manipulating.
ΣʹһֲĳͷϣķΪϣ״ͨ
To focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct.See Synonyms at aim 
ڣע׼һĿġǺŻУָμ aim
To let drag behind; trail.
ϣں棻ק
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give or undergo a course of training:
ѵһѵγ̣
trained daily for the marathon.
ÿѵ
To travel by railroad train.
·г
?
Middle English [trailing part of a gown] 
йӢ [˯µ´] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from trainer [to drag] 
Դ trainer [ק] 
from Vulgar Latin *trago3re} 
Դ  *trago3re} 
from *tragere [to pull] 
Դ *tragere [] 
back-formation from tr3s 
Դ tr3 
past participle of Latin trahere 
  trahereĹȥִ 
?
trainability
n.ʣ
trainable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
training
train.ing
AHD:[tr3n1ng] 
D.J.[6tre!n!0]
K.K.[6tren!0]
n.Abbr. tng.ʣд tng.
The process or routine of one who trains.
ѵĳ˽ѵĹ̻
The state of being trained.
ѵѵ״̬

= =
trait
trait
AHD:[tr3t] 
D.J.[tre!t]
K.K.[tret]
n.ʣ
A distinguishing feature, as of a person's character.See Synonyms at quality 
ص㣬һ˵ԸĲμ quality
A genetically determined characteristic or condition:
Ŵɻ
a recessive trait.

A stroke with or as if with a pencil.
һʣǦʻͬǦһһ
A slight degree or amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace:
΢΢Сĳ̶ȻԷģһһ˿
a sermon with a trait of humor.
һЩĬĲ
?
Middle English [shot] 
йӢ [һ] 
from Old French [something drawn, shot] 
Դ ŷ [ҷĳһ] 
from Latin tr3s [a drawing out, line] * see  tract 1
Դ  tr3s [] *μ tract1

= =
traitor
trai.tor
AHD:[tr3tr] 
D.J.[6tre!t*]
K.K.[6tret+]
n.ʣ
One who betrays one's country, a cause, or a trust, especially one who commits treason.
ߣͽĳ˵ҵ򹼸εˣָѹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tr3r  tr3dit?r- 
Դ  tr3r  tr3dit?r- 
from tr3s [past participle of] tr3dere [to betray] * see  tradition 
Դ tr3s  [] tr3dereĹȥִ [] *μ tradition

= =
tram
tram 1
AHD:[tr2m] 
D.J.[tr#m]
K.K.[tr#m]
n.ʣ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
A streetcar.
й糵
A streetcar line.
й糵·
A cable car, especially one suspended from an overhead cable.
³³ָͷϵ
A four-wheeled, open, box-shaped wagon or iron car run on tracks in a coal mine.
󳵡úúڹʻ֡ڡ״˻Ƴ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trammed,tram.ming,trams 
To move or convey in a tram.
й糵³ƶ
?
Scots [shaft of a barrow] 
ո [Ƴĳԯ] 
probably from Middle Flemish 
Դ йŷâ 
?
tram
tram 2
AHD:[tr2m] 
D.J.[tr#m]
K.K.[tr#m]
n.ʣ
An instrument for gauging and adjusting machine parts; a trammel.
棻ߣһڻԲ
Accurate mechanical adjustment:
ȷĻе
The device is in tram.
һװõ׼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trammed,tram.ming,trams 
To adjust or align (mechanical parts) with a trammel.
Уе
?
Short for trammel 
 trammelļд
?
tram
tram 3
AHD:[tr2m] 
D.J.[tr#m]
K.K.[tr#m]
n.ʣ
A heavy silk thread used for the weft, or cross threads, in fine velvet or silk.
γɴһִ˿ߣϵ޻˿֯Ʒγ߻򽻲
?
Middle English [contrivance] 
йӢ [] 
from Old French traime [contrivance, weft] 
Դ ŷ traime [ƣγ] 
from Latin tr3a [weft, woof] 
Դ  tr3a [γ] 

= =
tramp
tramp
AHD:[tr2mp] 
D.J.[tr#mp]
K.K.[tr#mp]
v.ʣ
tramped,tramp.ing,tramps 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To walk with a firm, heavy step; trudge.
ȡ̤üʵصĲߣѵ
To travel on foot; hike.
УͽУԶ
To wander about aimlessly.
ˣĿĵĴƯ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To traverse on foot:
д
tramp the fields.
߹Ұ
To tread down; trample:
̤ʵ̤
tramp down snow.
ѩ̤ʵ
n.ʣ
A heavy footfall.
صĽŲ
The sound produced by heavy walking or marching.
ص߻о
A walking trip; a hike.
ͽУԶ
One who travels aimlessly about on foot, doing odd jobs or begging for a living; a vagrant.
˺ͽĿĴеˣЩǵĹΪ
A prostitute.
Ů
A person regarded as promiscuous.
ΪԹϵҵ
Nautical A tramp steamer.
 ߵĲڻ
A metal plate attached to the sole of a shoe for protection, as when spading ground.
װЬ𱣻õһƬòڵʱ
?
Middle English trampen [to walk heavily] 
йӢ trampen [ص] 
from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
?
tramper
n.ʣ
trampish
adj.ݴʣ
trampy
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transaction
trans.ac.tion
AHD:[tr2n-s2kshn, -z2k-] 
D.J.[tr#n6s#k.*n, -6z#k-]
K.K.[tr#n6s#k.*n, -6z#k-]
n.Abbr. trans.ʣд trans.
The act of transacting or the fact of being transacted.
ҵΪѱִеʵ
Something transacted, especially a business agreement or exchange.
ףѱִУ׵ĳָһҵЭ򽻻
Communication involving two or more people that affects all those involved; personal interaction:
漰˲Ӱ쵽е˵Ľ˷Ӧ
a rich sense of the transaction between writer and reader(William Zinsser)
֮ḻʶ(ɪ)
transactions A record of business conducted at a meeting; proceedings.
 transactions ¼ڻϴļ¼¼
?
transactional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transcend
tran.scend
AHD:[tr2n-snd] 
D.J.[tr#n6send]
K.K.[tr#n6sWnd]
v.ʣ
tran.scend.ed,tran.scend.ing,tran.scends 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass beyond the limits of:
Խ޶ȣ
emotions that transcend understanding.
޷
To be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass:
ʤȡǿȻϣ
love that transcends infatuation.See Synonyms at excel 
ȳԻİμ excel
To exist above and independent of (material experience or the universe):
Խڻڣʾ棩棺
One never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not transcend phenomena(Hilaire Belloc)
һԶʶıʣΪ˼޷Խ()
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be transcendent; excel.
ʤ
?
Middle English transcenden 
йӢ transcenden 
from Old French transcendre 
Դ ŷ transcendre 
from Latin tr3e 
Դ  tr3e 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ת] 
scandere [to climb] * see  skand- 
scandere [] *μ skand- 

= =
transfer
trans.fer
AHD:[tr2ns-f?r, tr2nsfr] 
D.J.[tr#ns6fT8, 6tr#nsf*]
K.K.[tr#ns6fP, 6tr#nsf+]
v.ʣ
trans.ferred,trans.fer.ring,trans.fers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To convey or cause to pass from one place, person, or thing to another.
תƣݻʹһط˻Ƶһط˻
Law To make over the possession or legal title of; convey.
ɡ תãƲȨתã
To convey (a design, for example) from one surface to another, as by impression.
תӡѣ磬һͼһתһ棬ͨӡƵķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move oneself from one location or job to another.
ʹԼط
To withdraw from one educational institution or course of study and enroll in another.
תѧ˳һһſγ̲뵽һȥ
To change from one public conveyance to another:
תˣһֹͨʩתһ
transferred to another bus.
תһ
n.ʣ
AHD:[tr2nsfr] д trans.,transf.,tfr.
Also trans.fer.al [tr2ns-f?rl] The conveyance or removal of something from one place, person, or thing to another.
 Ҳ trans.fer.al [tr2ns-f?rl] ĳһطһ˻תƵһ
One who transfers or is transferred, as to a new school.
򱻵ˣתһµѧУ
A design conveyed by contact from one surface to another.
ӴͨӴһתһͼ
A ticket entitling a passenger to change from one public conveyance to another as part of one trip.
תƱһʹÿ;дһֹͨתһͨߵƱ֤
A place where such a change is made.
תһתĵط
Also transferal Law A conveyance of title or property from one person to another.
 Ҳ transferal ɡ ƺŻƲһתһ
?
Middle English transferren 
йӢ transferren 
from Old French transferer 
Դ ŷ transferer 
from Latin tr3e 
Դ  tr3e 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ǰ׺ת] 
ferre [to carry] * see  bher- 1
ferre [Я] *μ bher- 1
?
transferability
n.ʣ
transferable  
transferrable
adj.ݴʣ
transferrer
n.ʣ

= =
transform
trans.form
AHD:[tr2ns-f?rm] 
D.J.[tr#ns6f%8m]
K.K.[tr#ns6f%rm]
v.ʣ
trans.formed,trans.form.ing,trans.forms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To change markedly the appearance or form of:
ʹΣԵظı䡭ۻʽ
A thick, fibrous fog had transformed the trees into ghosts and the streetlights into soft, haloed moons(David Michael Kaplan)
Ũܺصʹľֵ꣬ƿǴ͹ε(ά˶)
To change the nature, function, or condition of; convert.See Synonyms at convert 
ı䡭ʡְܻ״תμ convert
Mathematics To subject to a transformation.
ѧ ʹ任
Linguistics To subject (a construction) to a transformation.
ѧ ʹһṹת
Electricity To subject to the action of a transformer.
ѧ ѹʹѹת
Genetics To subject (a bacterial cell) to transformation.
Ŵѧ ת䣺ʹһϸϸת
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo a transformation.
ı䣺
n.ʣ
AHD:[tr2nsf?rm] 
The result, especially a mathematical quantity or linguistic construction, of a transformation.
һתĽָѧԽṹ
?
Middle English transformen 
йӢ transformen 
from Old French transformer 
Դ ŷ transformer 
from Latin tr3?rm3re} 
Դ  tr3?rm3re} 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ǰ׺ת] 
f?a [form] 
f?a [ʽ] 
?
transformable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transformation
trans.for.ma.tion
AHD:[tr2nsfr-m3shn, -f?r-] 
D.J.[7tr#nsf*6me!.*n, -f%8r-]
K.K.[7tr#nsf+6me.*n, -f%r-]
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of transforming.
ת䣺תĶʵ
The state of being transformed.
ת䣺ת״̬
A marked change, as in appearance or character, usually for the better.
仯һԵı仯Ըϣͨǳõķ仯
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables.
任һױûΪһʽбֵ
A mapping of one space onto another or onto itself.
任һռһռһһӦ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
The process of converting a syntactic construction into a semantically equivalent construction according to the rules shown to generate the syntax of the language.
ṹתݲ﷨һ﷨ṹתϵĽṹ
A construction derived by such transformation; a transform.
ת¼ͨת¼õĽṹת¼
Genetics Alteration of a bacterial cell by introduction of DNA from another cell or from a virus.
Ŵѧ ͨһϸһDNAǺᣩıһϸ
?
transformative
AHD:[-f?rm-t1v] ݴʣ

= =
transformer
trans.form.er
AHD:[tr2ns-f?rmr] 
D.J.[tr#ns6f%8m*]
K.K.[tr#ns6f%rm+]
n.ʣ
A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another, especially a pair of multiply wound, inductively coupled wire coils that effect such a transfer with a change in 
voltage, current, phase, or other electric characteristic.
ѹһְѵܴһλתƵһλװáָһԶһһӦԵȦͨѹλĵԸıһֵܵת

= =
transient
tran.sient
AHD:[tr2nshnt, -zhnt, -z?-nt] 
D.J.[6tr#n.*nt, -9*nt, -zi8*nt]
K.K.[6tr#n.*nt, -9*nt, -zi*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Passing with time; transitory:
ݵģʱŵģݵģ
the transient beauty of youth(Lydia M. Child)
ݵഺ껪(M.̶)
Remaining in a place only a brief time:
ڵģʱģһطͣܶһʱģ
transient laborers.
ʱ
Physics Decaying with time, especially as a simple exponential function of time.
ѧ ˲ģʱ˥ģָΪʱһ򵥵ָ
n.ʣ
One that is transient, especially a hotel guest or boarder who stays for only a brief time.
ʱÿͣ·ˣָֻܶһʱùס
Physics A transient phenomenon or property, especially a transient electric current.
ѧ ˲һ˲仯ʣָ˲ĵ
?
Alteration of Latin tr3?ns}  tr3nseunt- [present participle of] tr3nsore [to go over] 
  tr3?nsı仯}  tr3nseunt-  [] tr3nsoreڷִ [Խ] 
tr3s [over] * see  ter- 2
tr3s [һߵһ] *μ ter- 2oe [to go] * see  ei- oe [] *μ ei- 
?
transiently
adv.ʣ
?
transient,transitory,ephemeral,fleeting,fugitive,momentary,evanescent
These adjectives mean lasting, existing, or staying for a short time.
Щݴʶгڻͣܶһʱ˼
 Transient   usually refers to what remains only briefly: 
 Transient  ָֻͨͣܶһʱ 
We stayed at the inn as transient guests.
Сƹֻͣ
 The moods were many and transient  (W.H. Hudson).
 ׷ơ  (WH
 Transitory   more often means inherently short-lived or impermanent: 
 Transitory  ָ򲻳ã 
This false world is but transitory  (William Dunbar). 
 õֻ꼻һ֡  ˰ͣ 
Action is transitorya step, a blow,/The motion of a muscle, this way or that/'Tis done  (William Wordsworth).
 жǶݵģһŲһ/˶/ˡ  Ȼ˹
 Ephemeral,   which in its original sense means living or lasting only for a day,implies conspicuously brief existence or duration: 
 Ephemeral  ԭ˼ָֻһģָʱǳ̵˼ 
the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed  (William Faulkner).
û˹϶ձκι¶ݲעҪʧܵġ  ɣ
 Fleeting   is applied to what slips away swiftly,often more swiftly than one would wish: 
 Fleeting  ѸߵŵñϣҪ죺 
Art is long, and Time is fleeting  (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).
 ޾ġ  Ȼ˹ʷޣ
 Fugitive   especially describes what is elusive or quickly fades: 
 Fugitive  רݶܵĻܿʧ 
I cannot praise a fugitive . . . virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary  (John Milton).
Ҳһױ£ûоܹ顢ûͷ¶棬ûͦ¸ҵԵˡ  Լֶ٣
 Momentary   implies the brevity of or as if of a single moment: 
 Momentary  ָһ˲һ˲ݵģ 
I had some momentary misgivings that were quickly resolved.
йݵǣܿ춼ɢˡ
Evanescent   suggests that something disappears like vapor: 
Evanescent  ָһʧ 
The incidents which give excellence to biography are of a volatile and evanescent kind  (Samuel Johnson).
 ʵЩת˲ŵ¼  ѶԼѷ

= =
transistor
tran.sis.tor
AHD:[tr2n-z1str, -s1s-] 
D.J.[tr#n6z!st*, -6s!s-]
K.K.[tr#n6z!st+, -6s!s-]
n.ʣ
A small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts, used in a circuit as an amplifier, a detector, or a switch.
ܣһС͵װãһ뵼ͷһ·첨򿪹
A transistor radio.

?
trans(fer) 
trans(fer)
(res)istor 
(res)istor

= =
transit
tran.sit
AHD:[tr2ns1t, -z1t] 
D.J.[6tr#ns!t, -z!t]
K.K.[6tr#ns!t, -z!t]
n.Abbr. t.ʣд t.
The act of passing over, across, or through; passage.
ͨԽͨ򴩹Ķͨ
Conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a local public transportation system.
䣺˻һط˵һطָͨعϵͳ
A transition or change, as to a spiritual existence at death.
ɣɻ仯ڵĹ
Astronomy 
ѧ 
The passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian.
գһ徭۲ߵߵ
The passage of a smaller celestial body or its shadow across the disk of a larger celestial body.
ǣһСӰͨһϴԲƽ
A surveying instrument similar to a theodolite that measures horizontal and vertical angles.
ǣһڲˮƽֱǶȵĲΰǵĲ
v.ʣ
tran.sit.ed,tran.sit.ing,tran.sits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass over, across, or through:
Խͨ򴩹
aircraft transiting the United States and Canada.
Խͼôķɻ
To revolve (the telescope of a surveying transit) about its horizontal transverse axis in order to reverse its direction.
תʹǵԶΧˮƽģתתһ෴ķ
v.intr.Astronomy ﶯʣѧ 
To make a transit.
Խ
?
Middle English transite 
йӢ transite 
from Latin tr3s [from past participle of] tr3nsore [to go across] * see  transient 
Դ  tr3s  [] Դtr3nsoreĹȥִ [ͨ] *μ transient

= =
transition
tran.si.tion
AHD:[tr2n-z1shn, -s1sh-] 
D.J.[tr#n6z!.*n, -6s!.-]
K.K.[tr#n6z!.*n, -6s!.-]
n.ʣ
Passage from one form, state, style, or place to another.
ɣһʽ״̬صתһʽ״̬ص
Passage from one subject to another in discourse.
תдһתһ
A word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another.
תۺһֺһһʡ顢ӻ
Music 
֡ 
A modulation, especially a brief one.
תתָʱԵ
A passage connecting two themes.
ɣĹɶ
?
transitional  
transitionary
AHD:[-z1sh--nr?] ݴʣ
transitionally
adv.ʣ

= =
translate
trans.late
AHD:[tr2ns-l3t, tr2nz-, tr2nsl3t, tr2nz-] 
D.J.[tr#ns6le!t, tr#nz-, 6tr#ns7le!t, 6tr#nz-]
K.K.[tr#ns6let, tr#nz-, 6tr#ns7let, 6tr#nz-]
v.ʣ
trans.lat.ed,trans.lat.ing,trans.lates 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To render in another language.
룺һ
To put into simpler terms; explain or interpret.
ͣø򵥵Աͻ
To express in different words; paraphrase.
˵ñĴʱʾ
To change from one form, function, or state to another; convert or transform:
ʹת䣺һʽְܻ״̬תһʽְܻ״̬תΣ
translate ideas into reality.
˼ж
To express in another medium.
Ϊһʽʾ
To transfer from one place or condition to another.
תʹһط״̬תһط״̬
To forward or retransmit (a telegraphic message).
תģͻٷͣ籨Ϣ
Ecclesiastical To transfer (a bishop) to another see.
̻᡿ һ̣һ
Theology To convey to heaven without death.
ѧ 岻
Physics To subject (a body) to translation.
ѧ ƽƣʹ壩ƽ
Biology To subject (messenger RNA) to translation.
ѧ תƣʹǺϢת
Archaic To enrapture.
 ʹĵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a translation.

To work as a translator.
Ա
To admit of translation.
ȷϷ
To be changed or transformed in effect. Often used withinto  or to : 
תЧظıתinto  to ã 
Today's low inflation and steady growth in household income translate into more purchasing power(Thomas G. Exter)
ֽĵͨʺͼͥȶת˸Ĺ(˹G.˹)
?
Middle English translaten 
йӢ translaten 
from Old French translater 
Դ ŷ translater 
from Latin tr33tus} [past participle of] tr3nsferre [to transfer] 
Դ  tr33tus}  [] tr3nsferreĹȥִ [ת] 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ǰ׺ת] 
l3s [brought] * see  tel- 
l3s [] *μ tel- 
?
translatability  
translatableness
n.ʣ
translatable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
translation
trans.la.tion
AHD:[tr2ns-l3shn, tr2nz-] 
D.J.[tr#ns6le!.*n, tr#nz-]
K.K.[tr#ns6le.*n, tr#nz-]
n.Abbr. tr.,trans.,transl.ʣд tr.,trans.,transl.
The act or process of translating, especially from one language into another.
룺Ϊָ̣һһ
The state of being translated.
״̬
A translated version of a text.
汾
Physics Motion of a body in which every point of the body moves parallel to and the same distance as every other point of the body; nonrotational displacement.
ѧ ƽƣһ˶ָÿ㶼ƽһÿһƶҾͬתλ
Biology The process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid sequence of a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis.
ѧ ת¼ǺźڵʻһɵĶİеĹ
?
translational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transmission
trans.mis.sion
AHD:[tr2ns-m1shn, tr2nz-] 
D.J.[tr#ns6m!.*n, tr#nz-]
K.K.[tr#ns6m!.*n, tr#nz-]
n.ʣ
The act or process of transmitting.
ͣ͵Ϊ
The fact of being transmitted.
ͱת͵״̬
Something, such as a message, that is transmitted.
תͣת͵һϢ
An automotive assembly of gears and associated parts by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle.Also called  gearbox 
װãɳֺɵһ壬ͨӷҲ  gearbox
The sending of a signal, picture, or other information from a transmitter.
ͣһźšͼϢ
?
Latin tr3?}  tr3nsmissi?n- [a sending across] 
 tr3?}  tr3nsmissi?n- [] 
from tr3s [past participle of] tr3nsmittere [to transmit] * see  transmit 
Դ tr3s  [] tr3nsmittereĹȥִ [] *μ transmit
?
transmissive
AHD:[-m1s1v] ݴʣ

= =
transmit
trans.mit
AHD:[tr2ns-m1t, tr2nz-] 
D.J.[tr#ns6m!t, tr#nz-]
K.K.[tr#ns6m!t, tr#nz-]
v.ʣ
trans.mit.ted,trans.mit.ting,trans.mits 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To send from one person, thing, or place to another; convey.See Synonyms at convey See Synonyms at send 1
ͣһˡص㴫͵һˡص㣻Ͳμ conveyμ send1
To cause to spread; pass on:
ȾʹȾ
transmit an infection.
Ⱦ
To impart or convey to others by heredity or inheritance; hand down.
Ŵ̳ͨеķʽ򴫴һˣȥ
To pass along (news or information); communicate.
ϢϢ
Electronics To send (a signal), as by wire or radio.
ѧ ͣͨ߻ߵȴͣźţ
Physics To cause (a disturbance) to propagate through a medium.
ѧ ͨһýʱģ񶯣
To convey (force or energy) from one part of a mechanism to another.
ѣӻеװõһִһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send out a signal.
ź
?
Middle English transmitten 
йӢ transmitten 
from Latin tr3e 
Դ  tr3e 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ǰ׺] 
mittere [to send] 
mittere [] 
?
transmittable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transparent
trans.par.ent
AHD:[tr2ns-parnt, -p2r-] 
D.J.[tr#ns6pe*r*nt, -6p#r-]
K.K.[tr#ns6pWr*nt, -6p#r-]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material.See Synonyms at clear 
͸ģܹ͹˿ؿͼģ·ûһμ clear
Permeable to electromagnetic radiation of specified frequencies, as to visible light or radio waves.
͸ģĳЩƵʵĵŷͨģɼߵ粨
So fine in texture that it can be seen through; sheer.See Synonyms at airy 
͸ģʵؾ͸ģ͸Ĳμ airy
Easily seen through or detected; obvious:
Զ׼ģױʶƵģԵģ
transparent lies.
ԵĻ
Free from guile; candid or open:
ֱʵģαװģϵĻ򿪷ŵģ
transparent sincerity.
ޱȵ̹
Obsolete Shining through; luminous.
 ģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin tr33r?ns}  tr3nsp3rent- [present participle of] tr3nsp3r?re [to show through] 
Դ  tr33r?ns}  tr3nsp3rent-  [] tr3nsp3r?reڷִ [¶] 
Latin tr3- [trans-] 
 tr3- [ǰ׺Խ] 
Latin p3?re} [to show] 
 p3?re} [ʾ] 
?
transparently
adv.ʣ
transparentness
n.ʣ

= =
transplant
trans.plant
AHD:[tr2ns-pl2nt] 
D.J.[tr#ns6pl#nt]
K.K.[tr#ns6pl#nt]
v.ʣ
trans.plant.ed,trans.plant.ing,trans.plants 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To uproot and replant (a growing plant).
ֲֲеֲ
To transfer from one place or residence to another; resettle or relocate.
ǨƣһطסƵһطס°ӻ
Medicine To transfer (tissue or an organ) from one body or body part to another.
ҽѧ ֲ֯٣һ岿λƵһ岿λ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be capable of undergoing transplantation.
ֲֲܹ
n.ʣ
AHD:[tr2nspl2nt] 
The act or process of transplanting.
ֲֲĶ
Something transplanted.
ֲ
Medicine An operation in which tissue or an organ is transplanted:
ҽѧ ֲһ֯ٱֲ
undergo a heart transplant; surgical transplant of a cornea.
ֲ۽Ĥֲ
?
Middle English transplaunten 
йӢ transplaunten 
from Old French transplanter 
Դ ŷ transplanter 
from Late Latin tr33re} 
Դ  tr33re} 
Latin tr3s [trans-] 
 tr3s [ǰ׺ת] 
Latin plant3e [to plant] * see  plat- 
 plant3e [ֲ] *μ plat- 
?
transplantable
adj.ݴʣ
transplantation
n.ʣ
transplanter
n.ʣ

= =
transport
trans.port
AHD:[tr2ns-p?rt, -p?rt] 
D.J.[tr#ns6p%8t, -6p*&rt]
K.K.[tr#ns6p%rt, -6port]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trans.port.ed,trans.port.ing,trans.ports 
To carry from one place to another; convey.See Synonyms at convey 
䣺һط˵һطͲμ convey
To move to strong emotion; carry away; enrapture.See Synonyms at enrapture 
ϲʹǿҸģʹʧȥʹϲμ enrapture
To send abroad to a penal colony; deport.See Synonyms at banish 
ţѡ͵̵أŲμ banish
n.ʣ
AHD:[tr2nsp?rt, -p?rt] 
The act of transporting; conveyance.
䣺Ķ
The condition of being transported by emotion; rapture.See Synonyms at ecstasy 
ϲƶ޷״̬ϲμ ecstasy
A ship or an aircraft used to transport troops or military equipment.
䴬һӻװĴֻɻ
A vehicle, such as an aircraft, used to transport passengers, mail, or freight.
һس˿͡ʼĹߣ
A system for transporting passengers:
ϵͳͳ˿͵ϵͳ
public transport.
ͨϵͳ
A deported convict.
ŷŵķ
?
Middle English transporten 
йӢ transporten 
from Old French transporter 
Դ ŷ transporter 
from Latin tr33re} 
Դ  tr33re} 
tr3- [trans-] 
tr3- [ǰ׺͡] 
port3e [to carry] * see  per- 2
port3e [] *μ per- 2
?
transportability
n.ʣ
transportable
adj.ݴʣ
transporter
n.ʣ
transportive
adj.ݴʣ

= =
transportation
trans.por.ta.tion
AHD:[tr2nspr-t3shn] 
D.J.[7tr#nsp*6te!.*n]
K.K.[7tr#nsp+6te.*n]
n.Abbr. trans.,transp.ʣд trans.,transp.
The act or an instance of transporting.
ͣΪ
The state of being transported.
״̬
A means of conveyance.
乤
The business of conveying passengers or goods.
ҵÿͻҵ
A charge for public conveyance; fare.
˷ѣã
Deportation to a penal colony.
ţһ̵

= =
trap
trap 1
AHD:[tr2p] 
D.J.[tr#p]
K.K.[tr#p]
n.ʣ
A contrivance for catching and holding animals, as a concealed pit or a clamplike device that springs shut suddenly.
壺ڲװãһεĿӻƼǯͻȻ𲢼סװ
A stratagem for catching or tricking an unwary person.
Ȧףסƭһ˵ļı
A device for sealing a passage against the escape of gases, especially a U-shaped or S-shaped bend in a drainpipe that prevents the return flow of sewer gas by means of a water 
barrier.
UλSθܣΪֹ©ݶһͨװãָˮеUιܻSܣͨˮ赲ֹˮ嵹
Sports 
˶ 
A device that hurls clay pigeons into the air in trapshooting.
װڷɰаΰеװ
A land hazard or bunker on a golf course; a sand trap.
ϰ߶ϵһϰϰ߶ϵɳϰ
traps A measured length of roadway over which electronic timers register the speed of a racing vehicle, such as a dragster.
 traps ·Σһβȵ·ΣеӼʱ¼ٶȣװĸٶ
A light two-wheeled carriage with springs.
˫һװеɵ
A trap door.
ͨ
traps Music Percussion instruments, such as snare drums and cymbals, especially in a jazz band.
 traps ֡ һִСĺָ࣬һʿֶе
Slang The human mouth.
ٵ ˵
v.ʣ
trapped,trap.ping,traps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To catch in or as if in a trap; ensnare.See Synonyms at catch 
壺ķʽ岶׽μ catch
To place in a confining or embarrassing position.
ʹŵһƻεľ
To seal off (gases) by a trap.
÷ס
To furnish with traps or a trap.
װһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To set traps for game.
壺Ϊ
To engage in trapping furbearing animals.
壺岢ԲƤëĶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tr?ppe 
Դ Ӣ tr?ppe 
?
trap
trap 2
AHD:[tr2p] ʽ 
D.J.[tr#p]
K.K.[tr#p]
n.ʣ
Personal belongings or household goods. Often used in the plural.
ƷƷҾʲͨøʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trapped,trap.ping,traps 
To furnish with trappings.
Σװ
?
Middle English trap [trapping] 
йӢ trap [] 
perhaps alteration of Old French drap [cloth] 
Ϊ ŷ drapı仯 [·] 
from Late Latin drappus 
Դ  drappus 
?
trap
trap 3
AHD:[tr2p] 
D.J.[tr#p]
K.K.[tr#p]
n.ʣ
Any of several dark, fine-grained igneous rocks often used in making roads.
ɫңһ·İɫϸܻ
?
Swedish trapp 
 trapp 
from trappa [step] 
Դ trappa [] 
from Middle Low German trappe 
Դ йŵ͵ص trappe 

= =
travel
trav.el
AHD:[tr2vl] 
D.J.[6tr#v*l]
K.K.[6tr#v*l]
v.ʣ
trav.eled  trav.elled trav.el.ing  trav.el.ling trav.els  trav.els  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To go from one place to another, as on a trip; journey.
УһطȥһطУ
To go from place to place as a salesperson or an agent.
ΪԱڸط
To be transmitted, as light or sound; move or pass.
ͣͣƶͨ
To advance or proceed.
ǰн
To go about in the company of a particular group; associate:
ȥһضȺнϵ
travels in wealthy circles.
븻ԣ׼
To move along a course, as in a groove.
ƶһ·ƶڹ
To admit of being transported without loss of quality:
ͣԲͣ
Some wines travel poorly.
Щƾĵ
Informal To move swiftly.
ʽ ƶ
Basketball To walk or run illegally while holding the ball.
 ߲ʱϹ߶ܶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pass or journey over or through; traverse:
ͨͨͨͨ
travel the roads of Europe.
ŷ
n.ʣ
The act or process of traveling; movement or passage from one place to another.
УеĶ̣һطһط˶·
travels 
 travels 
A series of journeys.
ọ́һϵеó
An account of one's journeys.
μǣĳļ
Activity or traffic along a route or through a given point.
Уĳһ·ͨһ˶ͨ
?
Middle English travelen 
йӢ travelen 
alteration of travailen [to toil] 
 travailenı仯 [] 
from Old French travailler * see  travail 
Դ ŷ travailler *μ travail

= =
traverse
tra.verse
AHD:[tr-v?rs, tr2vrs] 
D.J.[tr*6vT8s, 6tr#v*s]
K.K.[tr*6vPs, 6tr#v*s]
v.ʣ
tra.versed,tra.vers.ing,tra.vers.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To travel or pass across, over, or through.
棺ͨԽ򴩹
To move to and fro over; cross and recross.
ȥȥڡƶش
Sports To go up, down, or across (a slope) diagonally, as in skiing.
˶ ϻ£бԽǵصϡ»򴩹һɽ£ڻѩ
To cause to move laterally on a pivot; swivel:
ʹתʹһƶʹת
traverse an artillery piece.
תڿ
To extend across; cross:
Խ磺
a bridge that traverses a river.
һ
To look over carefully; examine.
飺ϸؼ飻۲
To go counter to; thwart.
ԣ
Law 
ɡ 
To deny formally (an allegation of fact by the opposing party) in a suit.See Synonyms at deny 
ϣʽϣԷָʵμ deny
To join issue upon (an indictment).
ۣһָأб
To survey by traverse.
۲죺ͨƶ۲
Nautical To brace (a yard) fore and aft.
 ʹתβΦˣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move to the side or back and forth.
ƶƶǰƶ
To turn laterally; swivel.
תת
Sports 
˶ 
To go up, down, or across a slope diagonally or in a zigzag manner, as in skiing.
ZƶбZʵǡ»ᴩһɽ£ڻѩ
To slide one's blade with pressure toward the hilt of the opponent's foil in fencing.
ᵲڻаԼĽѹԷĽ
n.ʣ 
traverse
AHD:[tr2vrs, tr-v?rs] 
A passing across, over, or through.
ԽͨԽ򴩹
A route or path across or over.
·Խ·߻·
Something that lies across, especially:
õĶָ
An intersecting line; a transversal.
ߣ
Architecture A structural crosspiece; a transom.
ѧ ṹеĺᵵ
A gallery, deck, or loft crossing from one side of a building to the other.
ͨӽһͨһ˵ȡƽ̨¥
A railing, curtain, screen, or similar barrier.
ϰˡĻ
A defensive barrier across a rampart or trench, as a bank of earth thrown up to protect against enfilade fire.
ǽǽ򺾹ķ赲ڵֵڳ
Something that obstructs and thwarts; an obstacle.
谭赲ӵϰ
Nautical The zigzag route of a vessel forced by contrary winds to sail on different courses.
 Zκ·类һͬ·ߺеĴֻZ·
Sports A zigzag or diagonal course on a steep slope, as in skiing.
˶ Zεһ͵бϵZλб·ߣڻѩ
A lateral movement, as of a lathe tool across a piece of wood.
ᶯ˶糵иߴһľͷ
A part of a mechanism that moves in this manner.
ַʽƶһе
The lateral swivel of a mounted gun.
ᶯǹڵĺת
A line established by sighting in surveying a tract of land.
ߣڲһʱͨĿȷ
Law A formal denial of the opposing party's allegation of fact in a suit.
ɡ жָʵʽķ
adj.ݴʣ 
traverse
AHD:[tr2vrs, tr-v?rs] 
Lying or extending across; transverse.
ϵģչĻģ
?
Middle English traversen 
йӢ traversen 
from Old French traverser 
Դ ŷ traverser 
from Vulgar Latin *tr33re} 
Դ  *tr33re} 
from Late Latin tr33re} 
Դ  tr33re} 
from Latin tr3s [transverse] * see  transverse 
Դ  tr3s [Խ] *μ transverse
?
traversable
adj.ݴʣ
traversal
n.ʣ
traverser
n.ʣ

= =
tray
tray
AHD:[tr3] 
D.J.[tre!]
K.K.[tre]
n.ʣ
A shallow, flat receptacle with a raised edge or rim, used for carrying, holding, or displaying articles.
ǳ̣һ͹ı߻Եƽǳ͡ʢװչʾ
A shallow, flat receptacle with its contents:
̣װ˶ƽǳ̣
took the patient a dinner tray.
ṩһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tr?g * see  deru- 
Դ Ӣ tr?g *μ deru- 

= =
treason
trea.son
AHD:[tr?zn] 
D.J.[6tri8z*n]
K.K.[6triz*n]
n.ʣ
Violation of allegiance toward one's country or sovereign, especially the betrayal of one's country by waging war against it or by consciously and purposely acting to aid its enemies.
ѹΥԼһҳϣָͨԼҷսʶĿĵİҵ˵жԼĹ
A betrayal of trust or confidence.
ţεı
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman treson 
Դ Ӣ treson 
from Latin tr3?}  tr3diti?n- [a handing over] * see  tradition 
Դ  tr3?}  tr3diti?n- [ƽ] *μ tradition

= =
treasure
treas.ure
AHD:[trzhr] 
D.J.[6tre9*]
K.K.[6trW9+]
n.ʣ
Accumulated or stored wealth in the form of money, jewels, or other valuables.
ƸԽǮ鱦мֵƷʽۻصĲƸ
Valuable or precious possessions of any kind.
ƸκмֵĻӵ
One considered especially precious or valuable.
ƷΪǷǳмֵĶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
treas.ured,treas.ur.ing,treas.ures 
To keep or regard as precious; value highly.See Synonyms at appreciate 
ӣѡΪﱣ򿴴߶ȵ۲μ appreciate
To accumulate and store away, as for future use.
棺ۻΪ˽ʹ
?
Middle English tresure 
йӢ tresure 
from Old French tresor 
Դ ŷ tresor 
from Latin th?s 
Դ  th?s 
from Greek th?s 
Դ ϣ th?s 
?
treasurable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
treat
treat
AHD:[tr?t] 
D.J.[tri8t]
K.K.[trit]
v.ʣ
treat.ed,treat.ing,treats 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To act or behave in a specified manner toward.
Դԡĳضķʽж
To regard and handle in a certain way. Often used withas : 
ĳַʽԴʹas ã 
treated the matter as a joke.
µһЦ
To deal with in writing or speech; discuss:
֣̽ͷϵۣ
a book that treats all aspects of health care.
һ漰
To deal with or represent artistically in a specified manner or style:
֣һضʽ֣
treats the subject poetically.
ʫ
To provide with food, entertainment, or gifts at one's own expense:
ͣдԼǮṩʳֻ
treated her sister to the theater.
ȥϷ
To give (someone or oneself) something pleasurable:
ͣĳ˻ԼһЩ˸˵Ķ
treated herself to a day in the country.
һʱ
To subject to a process, an action, or a change, especially to a chemical or physical process or application.
ʹһ̡ж仯ָѧϵĹ̻
To give medical aid to (someone):
ҽΣĳˣṩҽϵľ
treated many patients in the emergency room.
ڼҽಡ
To give medical aid to counteract (a disease or condition):
ƣͨҽƾֿ״̬
treated malaria with quinine.
ÿű
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deal with a subject or topic in writing or speech. Often used withof : 
ͷ۵һ⡣of ã 
The essay treats of courtly love.
ƪ¶ֿİ
To pay for another's entertainment, food, or drink.
֧ͣ֡ԷƵķ
To engage in negotiations, as to reach a settlement or agree on terms:
Э̸̣УΪ˴Эȡ
Both sides nonetheless are quite willing to treat with[the king]  (Gregory J. Wallance)
˫Ըͣ۹ ̸С (иJ.ʿ)
n.ʣ
Something, such as one's food or entertainment, that is paid for by someone else.
дɱ˸ǮĶʳ
A source of a special delight or pleasure:
£һرϲȤԴ
A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.
һڳе˵´һһ
?
Middle English tretien 
йӢ tretien 
from Old French traitier 
Դ ŷ traitier 
from Latin tr33re} [frequentative of] trahere [to draw] 
Դ  tr33re}  [] trahereظ [] 
?
treater
n.ʣ
?
treat,deal,handle
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to act in a specified way with regard to someone or something: 
Щʹе˼ǡĳ˻ĳһضķʽ¡ 
treats his guests with courtesy;
ڵдĿˣ
dealt rationally with the problem;
ǵضԴ⣻
handling a case with discretion. See also Synonyms at  confer 
شЩ μͬ confer

= =
treatment
treat.ment
AHD:[tr?tmnt] 
D.J.[6tri8tm*nt]
K.K.[6tritm*nt]
n.ʣ
The act, manner, or method of handling or dealing with someone or something:
ԴԴĳ˻ĳµĶʽ򷽷
the right to equal treatment in the criminal and juvenile justice system(Susan C. Ross)
º그﷨ܵͬȶԴȨ(ɺC.˹)
Informal The usual methods of dealing with a given situation:
ʽ ضĳ÷
gave the opposing team the treatment.
ԸԷ
Administration or application of remedies to a patient or for a disease or an injury; medicinal or surgical management; therapy.
ƣ˻Ϊһּʩӻʹҩҩﴦ
The substance or remedy so applied.
ʹãʹõʻҩ

= =
treaty
trea.ty
AHD:[tr?t?] 
D.J.[6tri8ti8]
K.K.[6triti]
n.ʣ
 trea.ties 
A formal agreement between two or more states, as in reference to terms of peace or trade.
Լ֮ʽЭͺƽóƶԼ
The document in which such an agreement is set down.
Լ¼Լļ
A contract or an agreement.
ԼЭ
Obsolete 
 
Negotiation for the purpose of reaching an agreement.
Э̣Ϊﵽͬе̸
An entreaty.

?
Middle English tretee 
йӢ tretee 
from Old French traite 
Դ ŷ traite 
from Latin tr33tus} [discussion] [from past participle of] tr3ct3re [to drag about, deal with] * see  treat 
Դ  tr33tus} []  [] Դtr3ct3reĹȥִ [߶] *μ treat

= =
tree
tree
AHD:[tr?] 
D.J.[tri8]
K.K.[tri]
n.ʣ
A perennial woody plant having a main trunk and usually a distinct crown.
һֶľֲһҳһԵ
A plant or shrub resembling a tree in form or size.
ľһ״Сֲľ
Something, such as a clothes tree, that resembles a tree in form.
ľƷ״Ķñ
A wooden beam, post, stake, or bar used as part of a framework or structure.
ľΪһܻṹһֵľľˡľ׮ľ
A saddletree.

A diagram showing a family lineage; a family tree.
ףһʾͥͼ
Archaic 
 
A gallows.
̼
The cross on which Jesus was crucified.
ʮּܣҮյǸʮּ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
treed,tree.ing,trees 
To force up a tree:
ʹ
Dogs treed the raccoon.
һȺֻܱ
Informal To force into a difficult position; corner.
ʽ άȣʹѵľأʹͶ·
To supply with trees:
ڡֲ
a field that had been treed with oak saplings.
һƬСҰ
To stretch (a shoe or boot) onto a shoetree.
Ь鸣ѣЬѥЬ
?
up a treeʽ
In a situation of great difficulty or perplexity; helpless.
һǳѻԻľأ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tr?w * see  deru- 
Դ Ӣ tr?w *μ deru- 
?
treeless
adj.ݴʣ
?
Tree
Tree
AHD:[tr?] Sir Herbert Beerbohm (1853-1917) 
D.J.[tri8]
K.K.[tri]
NONE޴ԣ
British actor and theatrical producer who founded the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (1904).
ղءȶķ(1853-1917) ӢԱϷˣ˻ʼϷѧԺ(1904꣩

= =
tremble
trem.ble
AHD:[trmbl] 
D.J.[6tremb*l]
K.K.[6trWmb*l]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
trem.bled,trem.bling,trem.bles 
To shake involuntarily, as from excitement, weakness, or anger; quake.See Synonyms at shake 
򼤶ԭضսμ shake
To feel fear or anxiety:
е־ǣ
I tremble at the very thought of it.
һ뵽¾Ͳ
To vibrate or quiver:
񶯣
leaves trembling in the breeze.
Ҷ΢в
n.ʣ
The act or state of trembling.
Ķ״̬
Often trembles A convulsive fit of shaking. Often used withthe.  
  trembles һͻĶthe  
trembles (used with a sing. verb)
 trembles 뵥ã
An infectious viral disease of sheep that is transmitted by the tickIxodes ricinus  and affects the nervous system, causing galloping and trotting by little leaps and often prolonged 
trembling. Also called  louping ill 
һϷĲԴȾɳ ӰϵͳòСܺͼߣгʱĲ Ҳ  louping ill
Poisoning of domestic animals, especially cattle and sheep, caused by eating white snakeroot or rayless goldenrod and characterized by muscular tremors and weakening.Also called  
milk sickness 
鶾֢ж,ָţʳðɫ߸ݻޱ߻Ļƻ𣬱Ϊ֢״Ҳ  milk sickness
?
Middle English tremblen 
йӢ tremblen 
from Old French trembler 
Դ ŷ trembler 
from Vulgar Latin *tremul3e 
Դ  *tremul3e 
from Latin tremulus [trembling] * see  tremulous 
Դ  tremulus [] *μ tremulous
?
trembler
n.ʣ
tremblingly
adv.ʣ
trembly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
tremendous
tre.men.dous
AHD:[tr1-mnds] 
D.J.[tr!6mend*s]
K.K.[tr!6mWnd*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous:
޴ģΧ̶Ϸǳģ
a tremendous task.See Synonyms at enormous 
һ޵μ enormous
Informal Marvelous; wonderful:
ʽ ʵģģ
had a tremendous night at the theater last night.
ھԺȹһҹ
Capable of making one tremble; terrible.
ֻŵģʹ˲ģµ
?
From Latin tremendus [gerundive of] tremere [to tremble] 
Դ  tremendus  [] tremereĶδ [] 
?
tremendously
adv.ʣ
tremendousness
n.ʣ

= =
trench
trench
AHD:[trnch] 
D.J.[trent.]
K.K.[trWnt.]
n.ʣ
A deep furrow or ditch.
һĹ繵
A long, narrow ditch embanked with its own soil and used for concealment and protection in warfare.
սһսʱκͷôӹڳ
A long, steep-sided valley on the ocean floor.
һֺ߶͵ɽ
v.ʣ
trenched,trench.ing,trench.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cut a trench in.
ڡϿ
To fortify with trenches.
ǵǵǿ
To place in a trench.
ѡڹ
To make a cut in; carve.
ڡп̣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To dig trenches or a trench.
ڹ
To verge or encroach. Often used withon  or upon.  
սӽռon  upon  
?
Middle English trenche 
йӢ trenche 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from trenchier [to cut] 
Դ trenchier [] 
perhaps from Vulgar Latin *trinc3e 
Դ  *trinc3e 
variant of Latin trunc3e 
  trunc3 
from truncus [trunk] * see  ter- 2
Դ truncus [] *μ ter- 2
?
Trench
Trench
AHD:[trnch] Richard Chenevix (1807-1886) 
D.J.[trent.]
K.K.[trWnt.]
NONE޴ԣ
British poet and philologist whose works includeOn the Study of Words  (1851) and English Past and Present  (1855). 
棬¡ά˹(1807-1886) Ӣʫ˺ѧңо 1851꣩ ӢĹȥڡ 1855꣩ 

= =
trend
trend
AHD:[trnd] 
D.J.[trend]
K.K.[trWnd]
n.ʣ
The general direction in which something tends to move.
˶Ĵ·
A general tendency or inclination.See Synonyms at tendency 
ܵμ tendency
Current style; vogue:
ʱУзʱ֣
the latest trend in fashion.
װ³
v.intr.ﶯʣ
trend.ed,trend.ing,trends 
To extend, incline, or veer in a specified direction:
򣺳һضķ졢бת
The prevailing wind trends east-northeast.
ǿת򶫱ƫ
To show a general tendency; tend:
ƣʾµ
The gender gap was trending down(James J. Kilpatrick)
Ա֮ûо롱(ղķ˹J.ƶ)
?
From Middle English trenden [to revolve] 
Դ йӢ trenden [ת] 
from Old English trendan 
Դ Ӣ trendan 

= =
trial
tri.al
AHD:[trol, trol] 
D.J.[6tra!*l, tra!l]
K.K.[6tra!*l, tra!l]
n.ʣ
Law Examination of evidence and applicable law by a competent tribunal to determine the issue of specified charges or claims.
ɡ УһйϽȨٲûض֤ݺͿõķɽеļ飬ȷضָػ
The act or process of testing, trying, or putting to the proof:
飺顢û֤Ϊ̣
a trial of one's faith.
֤ĳ˵
An instance of such testing, especially as part of a series of tests or experiments.
飬֤˼һָһϵԵһڻ򲿷
An effort or attempt:
ԣŬ
succeeded on the third trial.
εĳȡ˳ɹ
A state of pain or anguish that tests patience, endurance, or belief:
ĥѣĥࣺġʹƵ״̬
the fiery trial through which we pass(Abraham Lincoln)
ͨⳡѵС(ǲֿ)
A trying, troublesome, or annoying person or thing:
鷳鷳ˣˣ
The child was a trial to his parents.
ǺĸùǺ
A preliminary competition or test to determine qualifications, as in a sport.
ԤѡȷʸԤԣ˶
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or used in a trial.
ѶģеģڻѶģѶ
Attempted or advanced on a provisional or experimental basis:
ģʱģʱԻԵؽеĻԵģ
a trial separation.
ʱ־
Made or done in the course of a trial or test.
õģģԹɻγɵ
?
on trial
In the process of being tried, as in a court of law.
СԵءУڷͥϽе
trial by fire
A test of one's abilities, especially the ability to perform well under pressure.
飺ĳ˵ָѹж
?
Middle English triall [a testing] 
йӢ triall [һβ] 
from Anglo-Norman trial 
Դ Ӣ trial 
from trier [to sort, try] 
Դ trier [࣬] 
?
trial,affliction,crucible,ordeal,tribulation,visitation
The central meaning shared by these nouns is distress or suffering that severely tests resiliency and character: 
ЩʵĹе˼ǡϸӦʹա 
no consolation in their hour of trial;
Ǵڼʱûκΰο
the affliction of a bereaved family;
һʧȥ˵ļͥʹࣻ
the crucible of revolution;
ϿĿ飻
the ordeal of being an innocent murder suspect;
Ϊһ޹ıɱɷʹྭ
domestic tribulations;
ͥࣻ
an epidemic considered to be a visitation. See also Synonyms at  burden 1
췣в μͬ burden1

= =
triangle
tri.an.gle
AHD:[tro2nggl] 
D.J.[6tra!7#0g*l]
K.K.[6tra!7#0g*l]
n.ʣ
The plane figure formed by connecting three points not in a straight line by straight line segments; a three-sided polygon.
Σһֱ߶ӲһֱϵγɵƽͼΣͼ
Something shaped like such a figure:
ΣεĶ
a triangle of land.
εһ
Any of various flat, three-sided drawing and drafting guides, used especially to draw straight lines at specific angles.
ǰ壬ǳߣʽƽġߵĻͼߣضĽǶȻߵĹеκһ
Music A percussion instrument consisting of a piece of metal in the shape of a triangle open at one angle.
֡ һִһεĽɣεһǿ
A relationship involving three people, especially a mnage  trois.
ǹϵ漰˵Ĺϵָ˼ͥ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin triangulum [from neuter of] triangulus [three-angled] 
Դ  triangulum  [] ԴtriangulusԴ [ǵ] 
tri- [tri-] 
tri- [ǰ׺] 
angulus [angle] 
angulus [] 

= =
tribe
tribe
AHD:[trob] 
D.J.[tra!b]
K.K.[tra!b]
n.ʣ
A unit of social organization consisting of a number of families, clans, or other groups who share a common ancestry, culture, and leadership.
䣬壺ɾͬһȡĻ쵼ŵͥŹɵ֯λ
A political, ethnic, or ancestral division of ancient states and cultures, especially:
壬䣺ŴҺĻеһεġĻѪͳķָ֧
Any of the three divisions of the ancient Romans, namely, the Latin, Sabine, and Etruscan.
ԭʼ䣺Ŵ֧κһˡ˺³
Any of the 12 divisions of ancient Israel.
Ŵɫеļ֧еκһ
A phyle of ancient Greece.
ŴϣĲ
A group of people sharing an occupation, an interest, or a habit:
һˣйְͬҵȤϰߵһȺˣ
a tribe of graduate students.
һҵ
Informal A large family.
ʽ ͥ
Biology A taxonomic category placed between a subfamily and a genus or between a suborder and a family and usually containing several genera.
ѧ 壺ֲѧλǿƺĿͿ֮һ룬ͨм
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French tribu 
Դ ŷ tribu 
from Latin tribus [division of the Roman people] 
Դ  tribus [˵һ֧] 
[perhaps of Etruscan origin] 
[Դ³] 
or possibly from tri- [three] * see  trei- 
Դ tri- [] *μ trei- 

= =
tribute
trib.ute
AHD:[tr1by?t] 
D.J.[6tr!bju8t]
K.K.[6tr!bjut]
n.ʣ
A gift, payment, declaration, or other acknowledgment of gratitude, respect, or admiration:
ޣ̴ǣʾмػĽеرʽıʾ
put up a plaque as a tribute to his generosity.
ϻΪĿȵ
Evidence attesting to some praiseworthy quality or characteristic:
֤֤ݣ֤ĳһֵó޵Ʒʻ֤ݣ
Her home is a tribute to her good taste.
ļƷζ֤
A payment in money or other valuables made by one ruler or nation to another in acknowledgment of submission or as the price of protection or security.
Ʒĳͳ߻һͳ߻֧ǮƷΪԳĳϻΪñ밲ȫĴ
A tax imposed for such payment.
˰Ϊ֧յ˰
Any payment exacted for protection.
Ǯƣǿĳ֧ı
A payment or tax given by a feudal vassal to an overlord.
˰⽨⳼⽨֧Ŀ˰
The obligation to make such a payment.
֧ɹ˰
?
Middle English tribut 
йӢ tribut 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin trib?m [from neuter past participle of] tribuere [to pay, distribute] 
Դ  trib?m  [] ԴtribuereԹȥִ [ɣַ] 
from tribus [tribe] * see  tribe 
Դ tribus [] *μ tribe

= =
trick
trick
AHD:[tr1k] 
D.J.[tr!k]
K.K.[tr!k]
n.ʣ
An act or a procedure intended to achieve an end by deceptive or fraudulent means.See Synonyms at artifice 
ƣУһĿͨƭԵĻթԵķʽﵽĳһΪƲ߲μ artifice
A mischievous action; a prank.
磬׽ŪжϷŪ
A stupid, disgraceful, or childish act or performance.
ɵ£Ϸ֮٣޴ģĻΪ
A peculiar trait or characteristic; a mannerism:
ص㣺رʻص㣬صķʽ
Mimicry is the trick by which a moth or other defenseless insect comes to look like a wasp(Marston Bates)
̬Ƿɶ޷ֶεеʹԼȥһֻƷص㡱(˹١)
A peculiar event with unexpected, often deceptive results:
׽Ūĳһ¼벻ģƭԣ
One of history's cruelest tricks is to take words that sounded good at the time and make them sound pretty stupid(David Owen)
ʷп׽Ū֮һǽһЩʱȷĻ÷ǳ޴(άŷ)
A deceptive or illusive appearance; an illusion:
󣬻þһ־ƭԵĻԻ
a trick of sunlight.
ɵĴ
A special skill; a knack:
ţһļգţ
Is there a trick to getting this window to stay up?
ûô?
A convention or specialized skill peculiar to a particular field of activity:
գϣĳһضΪеĴͳרżգ
learned the tricks of the winemaking trade.
ѧϰѾҵļ
A feat of magic or legerdemain.
ħϷħϷļ
A difficult, dexterous, or clever act designed to amuse.
ϷһԵġӵġԵĻΪ
Games 
Ϸ 
All the cards played in a single round, one from each player.
һգһƣһȦƣÿμ߶һ
One such round.
һȦÿ˶һƵһ
A period or turn of duty, as at the helm of a ship.
ֵֵһֵࣩʱִֻĶԵֵ
Slang A prison term.
ٵ 
Slang 
ٵ 
An act of prostitution.
Ůӿ͵Ϊ
A prostitute's customer.
οͣŮĹ˿
A session carried out by a prostitute with a client.
Ů͹˿ͽеľ
Slang A robbery or theft.
ٵ ٻ͵
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
tricked,trick.ing,tricks 
To cheat or deceive or to practice trickery or deception.
ƭƭ׽Ūթȡ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or involving tricks.
ƭ˵ģڡڡ漰ơϻϷ
Capable of performing tricks:
ؼġоϵģܹ־ģˣϷģ
a trick dog.
ˣϷĹ
Designed or made for doing a trick or tricks:
ϷģΪϷƻģ
trick cards; trick dice.
Ϸõ˿ƣϷõ
Weak, defective, or liable to fail:
еëģģȱģסģ
a trick knee.
ͻȻϥؽ
?
trick out  
trick up ʽ
To ornament or adorn, often garishly:
װ磬磺װλΣͨǻأҫ۵أ
was all tricked out in beads and fringe.
СӺͻװ
?
do the trick 
turn the trick
To bring about the desired result.
ﵽĿ
how's tricksʽ
Used to make a friendly inquiry about a person or that person's affairs.
ôѺõѯĳ˵
not miss a trick
To be extremely alert:
侯
The teacher was known for not missing a trick.
ʦԺܸ֪
?
Middle English trik 
йӢ trik 
from Old North French trique 
Դ ŷ trique 
from trikier [to deceive] 
Դ trikier [ƭ] 
probably from Vulgar Latin *tricc3e 
Դ  *tricc3e 
from Latin tro3ro} [to play tricks] 
Դ  tro3ro} [Ϸˣֶ] 
from troe [tricks] 
Դ troe [Ϸƣ] 
?
tricker
n.ʣ

= =
trifle
tri.fle
AHD:[trofl] 
D.J.[6tra!f*l]
K.K.[6tra!f*l]
n.ʣ
Something of little importance or value.
£΢޼ֵĶ
A small amount; a jot.
һ
A dessert typically consisting of plain or sponge cake soaked in sherry, rum, or brandy and topped with layers of jam or jelly, custard, and whipped cream.
ʳͿ˹ţ̵Ͳѩơķƻнյĵʳ
A moderately hard variety of pewter.
JеӲȵİJ
trifles Utensils made from this variety of pewter.
 trifles JְJƳɵ
v.ʣ
tri.fled,tri.fling,tri.fles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To deal with something as if it were of little significance or value.
ӣӡضԴĳµ΢޼ֵ´
To act, perform, or speak with little seriousness or purpose; jest.
Ū£˵ȡЦЦ
To play or toy with something:
ŪŪϷˣĳ
She trifled with my affections.See Synonyms at flirt 
Ūҵĸμ flirt
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To waste (time or money, for example).
˷ѣʱǮ
?
a trifle
Very little; somewhat:
е΢
a trifle stingy.
еС
?
Middle English trufle, trifle 
йӢ trufle, trifle 
from Old French trufle [mockery] [diminutive of] truffe [deception] 
Դ ŷ trufle [Ū]  [] truffeС׺ [ƭ] 
?
trifler
AHD:[troflr] ʣ

= =
trigger
trig.ger
AHD:[tr1gr] 
D.J.[6tr!g*]
K.K.[6tr!g+]
n.ʣ
The lever pressed by the finger to discharge a firearm.
ָ⶯ͷӵĻײе
A similar device used to release or activate a mechanism.
װãưװáʹеװ
An event that precipitates other events.
¼һ
Electronics A pulse or circuit that initiates the action of another component.
ѧ ˶·
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trig.gered,trig.ger.ing,trig.gers 
To set off; initiate:

a high-level meeting that triggered bitter bureaucratic debates.
һ˼ҵĹĸ߼
To fire or explode (a weapon or an explosive charge).
ʹըըԵҩ
?
Dutch trekker 
 trekker 
from Middle Dutch trecker 
Դ йź trecker 
from trecken [to pull] 
Դ trecken [] 

= =
trim
trim
AHD:[tr1m] 
D.J.[tr!m]
K.K.[tr!m]
v.ʣ
trimmed,trim.ming,trims 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make neat or tidy by clipping, smoothing, or pruning:
ʹ࣬޼ͨ޼ŪƽüŪࣺ
trimmed his moustache.
޼ĺ
To remove (excess) by cutting:
ͨȥģ
trim a budget.
Ԥ
To remove the excess from by or as if by cutting:
ӹͨͨüиӣĳȥģ
trimmed off the rotten wood.
ȥľ
To ornament; decorate.
װΣ׺
Informal 
ʽ 
To thrash; beat.
ʹ
To defeat soundly.
ܣ״
To cheat.
ƭ
To rebuke; scold.
ѵ⣬
Nautical 
 
To adjust (the sails and yards) so that they receive the wind properly.
Ӧ򣺵ͷ죩ʹǡӭӷ
To balance (a ship) by shifting its cargo or contents.
װȣϵĲջ˿Ա㣨ִƽ
To balance (an aircraft) in flight by regulating the control surfaces and tabs.
ʹƽͨɻĲʹɻڷбƽ
To furnish or equip.
װ䱸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Nautical 
 
To be in or retain equilibrium.
ƽ
To make sails and yards ready for sailing.
׼ͷʹ﷫
To affect or maintain cautious neutrality.
м·ߣм·߻򱣳ֽ̬
To fashion one's views for momentary popularity or advantage.
ʹ棺ΪʱĺôʱıԼĹ۵
n.ʣ
State of order, arrangement, or appearance; condition:
״̬򡢰Ż״
in good trim.
״ܺ
A condition of good health or fitness.
״õ
Exterior ornamentation, such as moldings or framework, on a building or vehicle.
װΣⲿװΣ罨ⲿǶ߻װ
Decoration or ornament, as for clothing.
װΣ׺ŵ߻װ
Material used in commercial window displays.
ã̵аĳƷ
Dress or equipment.
װƷװ
Excised or rejected material, such as film that has been cut in editing.
½ϣùĻĲϣʱõķϽƬ
Personal quality; character.
˵Ը
A cutting or clipping to make neat:
޼Ϊʹе޼
My hair needs a trim.
ҵͷҪ޼һ
Nautical 
 
The readiness of a vessel for sailing with regard to ballast, sails, and yards.
ĺ״̬Ӵѹءͷ췽濼ǿ״Ƿܹ
The balance of a ship.
ƽ
The difference between the draft at the bow and at the stern.
ĳˮβˮ֮
The position of an aircraft relative to its horizontal axis.
ƽɻˮƽλ
adj.ݴʣ
trim.mer,trim.mest 
In good or neat order.
ģõģȻ
In good physical condition; fit; slim.
ģ״õģ
Having lines, edges, or forms of neat and pleasing simplicity.See Synonyms at neat 1
ģʽĲμ neat1
adv.ʣ
In a trim manner.
أ
?
Middle English trimmen [to make firm] 
йӢ trimmen [ʹȹ̣ʹ] 
from Old English trymman 
Դ Ӣ trymman 
from trum [strong] * see  deru- 
Դ trum [ǿ׳ģ̵] *μ deru- 
?
trimly
adv.ʣ
trimness
n.ʣ

= =
trip
trip
AHD:[tr1p] 
D.J.[tr!p]
K.K.[tr!p]
n.ʣ
A going from one place to another; a journey.
УΣУһнһصḶ́
A stumble or fall.
ˤ
A maneuver causing someone to stumble or fall.
ʹĳ˰Ķ
A mistake.

Slang 
ٵ 
A hallucinatory experience induced by a psychedelic drug:
þԻüһԻõľ
an acid trip.
Իøо
An intense, stimulating, or exciting experience:
̼Ե飬˷ܣһֽŵġ̼Եģ˷ܵ飺
a power trip.
һǿĴ̼
Slang 
ٵ 
A usually temporary but absorbing interest:
ԣһͨǶݵĵרעȤ
a health food trip.
ڽʳƷ
A certain way of life or situation:
ĳʽ״
deny that his reclusiveness is some sort of deliberate star trip(Patricia Bosworth)
ıлĳ־Ƶʽ(ǡ˹˼)
A light or nimble tread.
ݵĲ
A device, such as a pawl, for triggering a mechanism.
װãһĳһеõװ
The action of such a device.
˶װõ˶
v.ʣ
tripped,trip.ping,trips 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To stumble.

To move nimbly with light, rapid steps; skip.
ߣݵߣĲݵƶ
To be released, as a tooth on an escapement wheel in a watch.
ɿɡӱϵİֵһ
To make a trip.
УΡ
Slang To have a drug-induced hallucination.
ٵ ʹˤ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to stumble or fall.
ʹʹʧյĳ˷ץסĳ˵ǰһ
To trap or catch in an error or inconsistency.
ҩԻ
To release a catch, trigger, or switch, thereby setting something in operation.
ɿɿƸܡصԿ
Nautical 
 
To raise (an anchor) from the bottom.
ê
To tip or turn (a yardarm) into a position for lowering.
ŷбתˣĳһλʹŵ
To lift (an upper mast) in order to remove the fid before lowering.
ڷŵǰ̧ΦˣԱȥ
?
trip the light fantastic
To dance.
裬赸
trip up on
To make a mistake:
ʧ
tripped up on the last question.
һϷ˴
?
Middle English [act of tripping] 
йӢ [Ϊ] 
from trippen [to trip] 
Դ trippen [] 
from Old French tripper [to stamp the foot] 
Դ ŷ tripper [ţýŲ̤] 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 

= =
triple
tri.ple
AHD:[tr1pl] 
D.J.[6tr!p*l]
K.K.[6tr!p*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Consisting of three parts.
ֵģɵģ
Three times as many or as much.
ģ
Repeated three times.
εģظε
Music Characterized by three beats in a measure.
֡ ӵģһС
n.ʣ
A number or quantity three times as great as another.
һһ
A group or set of three; a triad.
һ飺˻ɵС飬һ
Baseball See  three-base hit 
 μ  three-base hit
Sports Games See  trifecta 
˶ Ϸ μ  trifecta
v.ʣ
tri.pled,tri.pling,tri.ples 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make three times as great in number or amount.
ʹʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become three times as great in number or amount.

Baseball To make a three-base hit.
 ݴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin triplus  on the model of Greek triploos 
Դ  triplus   ϣ triploos 
Latin tri- [three] * see  trei- 
 tri- [] *μ trei- 
-plus [-fold] * see  pel- 2
-plus [׺] *μ pel- 2

= =
triumph
tri.umph
AHD:[tromf] 
D.J.[6tra!*mf]
K.K.[6tra!*mf]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
tri.umphed,tri.umph.ing,tri.umphs 
To be victorious or successful; win.
ʤɹʤ
To rejoice over a success or victory; exult.
ףʤɹ
To receive honors upon return from a victory in ancient Rome. Used of a general.
ʤʤָڹŴսĽ
n.ʣ
The fact of being victorious; victory or conquest.See Synonyms at victory 
ʤʤʤʵʤμ victory
A noteworthy or spectacular success.
ṦΰǷĳɹܳĳɾ
Exultation or rejoicing over victory or success.
ϲã񻶣ʤɹϲ
A public celebration in ancient Rome to welcome a returning victorious commander and his army.
ʽŴΪӭָӹٺľӶеĹף
Obsolete A public celebration or spectacular pageant.
 ʢ䣺ףֵ
?
Middle English triomfen 
йӢ triomfen 
from Old French triumpher 
Դ ŷ triumpher 
from Latin triumph3e 
Դ  triumph3e 
from triumphus [triumph]  [probably via Etruscan] 
Դ triumphus [ʤɹ]  [Դ³] 
from Greek thriambos [hymn to Dionysus] 
Դ ϣ thriambos [Ҷ˹޸] 

= =
trivial
triv.i.al
AHD:[tr1v?-l] 
D.J.[6tr!vi8*l]
K.K.[6tr!vi*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of little significance or value.
ģҪģҪĻûʲôֵ
Ordinary; commonplace.
ͨ,ƽǳ
Concerned with or involving trivia.
µģḡ
Biology Relating to or designating a species; specific.
ѧ ֵģĳһйصĻĳһֵ֣
Mathematics 
ѧ 
Of, relating to, or being the solution of an equation in which every variable is equal to zero.
ȫΪĽģڹڻǷ̵нⶼ
Of, relating to, or being the simplest possible case; self-evident.
ƽģͨģڹڻԶ׼ģ֤
?
Middle English trivialle [of the trivium]  from Medieval Latin trivi3s  from trivium [trivium] * see  trivium 
йӢ trivialle [ѧƵ]  Դ  trivi3s  Դ trivium [ѧ] *μ trivium
Latin trivi3s [ordinary]  from trivium [crossroads] 
 trivi3s [ͨģƽ]  Դ trivium [ʮ·] 
?
trivially
adv.ʣ
?
trivial,trifling,paltry,petty,picayune
These adjectives all apply to what is small and unimportant.
ЩݴʶСĺͲҪ
 Trivial   refers principally to what is so insignificant as to be utterly commonplace or unremarkable: 
 Trivial  ҪָЩ޹ؽҪȫֵעʮƽĶ 
I think all Christians . . . agree in the essential articles,and that their differences are trivial,and rather political than religious  (Samuel Johnson).Somethingtrifling  is so unimportant 
or so small as to be scarcely worth notice:  
 ΪеĻͽҪϵһµģǵķ綼ǲҪģηĶڽ̷ġ  ѶԼѷtrifling ָĳ̫С̫
Ҫڼֵע⣺  
I regret the trifling narrow contracted education of the females of my own country  (Abigail Adams).
 ҶԼҸŮԵ΢ġġ޵Ľʾź  ȸǶǵ˹
 Paltry   especially describes what falls so far short of what is required or desired that it arouses contempt: 
 Paltry  ЩȫûдﵽҪĻϣı׼ӵģ 
He . . . considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost  (John Lothrop Motley).
 Ϊȥ̫΢ˡ  Լ˹֡Ī
 Petty   can refer to what is of minor or secondary significance or size;the term can suggest meanness of spirit: 
 Petty  ָЩҪԻСǽСڶλĶҲϵƫС 
Our knights are limited to petty enterprises  (Sir Walter Scott). 
 ǵʿҵ  ء˾ؾʿ 
Always give your best, never get discouraged, never be petty  (Richard M. Nixon).What ispicayune  is of negligible value or importance:  
 Զ׳õģģġ  ¡Nɭpicayune Ķ΢Ļֵһģ  
Giving a police officer a free meal may be against the law,but it seems to be a picayune infraction. 
һλṩһѵķʳΥ˷ɣ⿴ȥǲֵһΥ 
?
Trivial Pursuit  is an etymologically sound name, because roads and traveling, which might involve pursuit, are involved in the origin of the wordtrivial.  The history oftrivial  begins with 
the Latin word trivium,  formed from the prefixtri-,  consisting of three of the things named, and via,  road. Trivium  meant the meeting place of three roads, especially as a 
place of public resort. Hence it also had a pejorative sense,which we express by the phrasethe gutter,  as in His manners were formed in the gutter.The adjectivetrivi3,  derived 
from trivium,  meant appropriate to the street corner, commonplace, vulgar. Trivial  entered Middle English in senses that need not detain us here,first being recorded in a sense 
identical to that oftrivi3s  in 1589. Shortly after thattrivial  is recorded in the sense most familiar to us, of little importance or significance.
Trivial Pursuit ӴԴѧĽǶǺĴʣ Ϊ漰׷ĵ·жtrivial ʵԴйء trivial ʷ trivium ʼ ǰ׺tri- ˼ǡ
Ķɵġ via ·ɡ Trivium ˼ǡ·ĵطָڳȥĵط Դһ˼öƶ ʾ˼
 ھӡƶѧɵġtrivium ݴ trvialis ˼Ϊڽֵģƽģ׵ġ Trvial йӢ ʱ˼ʹͣ
ֹǰļ¼1589꣬˼trivialis ͬ Ժtrivial ˼Ǹӽˣ ģҪĻ޼ֵġ

= =
troop
troop
AHD:[tr?p] 
D.J.[tru8p]
K.K.[trup]
n.Abbr. tr.,trp.ʣд tr.,trp.
A group or company of people, animals, or things.See Synonyms at band 2See Synonyms at flock 1
ˡ޻ģȺӲμ band2μ flock1
A group of soldiers.
һȺʿ
troops Military units; soldiers.
 troops ӣ
A unit of at least five Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts under the guidance of an adult leader.
ͯӾͯӾŮͯӾɵһ쵼С
A great many; a lot.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
trooped,troop.ing,troops 
To move or go as a throng.
ȺƶȺǰ
To assemble or move in crowds.
ȺȺȺȥ
To consort; associate.
飻
?
French troupe 
 troupe 
from Old French trope 
Դ ŷ trope 
probably from Vulgar Latin *troppu- 
Դ  *troppu- 

= =
tropical
trop.i.cal
AHD:[tr?p1-kl] 
D.J.[6trKp!k*l]
K.K.[6tr$p!k*l]
adj.Abbr. trop.ݴʣд trop.
Of, occurring in, or characteristic of the Tropics.
ȴģȴģȴģȴԵ
Hot and humid; torrid.
ȵģȶʪģȵ
n.ʣ
A tropical plant.
ȴֲ
?
tropically
adv.ʣ

= =
trouble
trou.ble
AHD:[tr?bl] 
D.J.[6trJb*l]
K.K.[6trJb*l]
n.ʣ
A state of distress, affliction, danger, or need:
գգʹ࣬Σջѷ״̬
in trouble with the police.
뾯־
A cause or source of distress, disturbance, or difficulty:
ǣաŻѵԭɣ
One trouble after another delayed the job.
һһ鷳˹
An effort, especially one that causes inconvenience or bother:
鷳㣺ָ鷳ŵŬ
went to a lot of trouble to find this book.
˺ô󾢲ҵⱾ
A condition of pain, disease, or malfunction:
ʹ࣬ϣ
heart trouble.
༲
v.ʣ
troub.led,troub.ling,troub.les 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To agitate; stir up.
ţ
To afflict with pain or discomfort.
ʹʹ
To cause mental agitation or distress to; worry.
ʹǻ򲻰
To inconvenience; bother:
ʹ㣻ţ
May I trouble you to close the window?
鷳´?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take pains:
ѿģ
They trouble over every detail.
Ϊÿϸɷѿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from troubler [to trouble] 
Դ troubler [] 
from Vulgar Latin *turbul3e 
Դ  *turbul3e 
alteration  influenced by Latin turbula [small group] [diminutive of] turba [crowd] 
    turbulaӰ [һСȺ]  [] turbaС׺ [Ⱥ] 
of Late Latin turbid3e 
  turbid3 
from Latin turbidus [confused] * see  turbid 
Դ  turbidus [Ի] *μ turbid
?
troubler
n.ʣ
troublingly
adv.ʣ
?
trouble,ail,distress,worry
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to cause anxious uneasiness in: 
Щʹеǡʹǲ 
suffers memory lapses that trouble her children;
ǵļ˥ˣ
asked him what's ailing him;
ﲻ
a turn of events that has distressed us;
Ƿյ̬ת䣻
has a high fever that worries the doctor. See also Synonyms at  effort 
ҽĸ μͬ effort

= =
troublesome
trou.ble.some
AHD:[tr?bl-sm] 
D.J.[6trJb*ls*m]
K.K.[6trJb*ls*m]
adj.ݴʣ
Causing trouble or anxiety; worrisome.
˷յģǻǵģǵ
Difficult; trying.
ѵģ˵
?
troublesomely
adv.ʣ
troublesomeness
n.ʣ

= =
truck
truck 1
AHD:[tr?k] 
D.J.[trJk]
K.K.[trJk]
n.Abbr. tk.ʣд tk.
Any of various heavy motor vehicles designed for carrying or pulling loads.
ػ˻ͻ
A two-wheeled barrow for moving heavy objects by hand.
ƳƶĶƳ
A wheeled platform, sometimes equipped with a motor, for conveying loads in a warehouse or freight yard.
綯˳װе綯Ĵƽ̨ڲֿͻ
One of the swiveling frames of wheels under each end of a railroad car or trolley car.
תܣ𳵳糵˵תּ
A set of bookshelves mounted on four wheels or casters, used in libraries.
תܣĸӻϵһܣͼ
Nautical A small piece of wood placed at the top of a mast or flagpole, usually having holes through which halyards can be passed.
 Φ죩ñΦ˻˶˵һСľƬͨСף﷫
Chiefly British A railroad freight car without a top.
Ӣ ޸ǻ޶·
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
truck drivers; truck transport.
˾
v.ʣ
trucked,truck.ing,trucks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport by truck.
û
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To carry goods by truck.
ûػ
To drive a truck.

Slang To move or travel in a steady but easy manner.
ٵ ȵƶ
?
Short for truckle 
 truckleļд
or from Latin trochus [iron hoop]  from Greek trokhos [wheel] 
Դ  trochus [ֹ]  Դ ϣ trokhos [] 
?
truck
truck 2
AHD:[tr?k] 
D.J.[trJk]
K.K.[trJk]
v.ʣ
trucked,truck.ing,trucks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To exchange; barter.
ｻ
To peddle.

v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have dealings or commerce; traffic.
ףóף
n.ʣ
Articles of commerce; trade goods.
ƷƷ
Garden produce raised for the market.
Ӧг߲
Informal Worthless goods; stuff or rubbish:
ʽ ֵǮƷ
Look at your hands. And look at your mouth. Whatis  that truck? (Mark Twain)
֣ٿ졣õĶ ʲô? (ˡ)
Barter; exchange.
ףó
Informal Dealings; business:
ʽ ףóף
We'll have no further truck with them.
ǽͬ
?
Middle English trukien 
йӢ trukien 
from Old North French troquer 
Դ ŷ troquer 

= =
true
true
AHD:[tr?] 
D.J.[tru8]
K.K.[tru]
adj.ݴʣ
tru.er,tru.est 
Consistent with fact or reality; not false or erroneous.See Synonyms at real 1See Usage Note at fact 
ģʵģʵʵһµģģȷĲμ real1μ fact
Truthful.
ʵ
Real; genuine.See Synonyms at authentic 
ģĲμ authentic
Reliable; accurate:
ɿģȷģ
a true prophecy.
ɿԤ
Faithful, as to a friend, vow, or cause; loyal.See Synonyms at faithful 
ʵģѣԻҵʵģҳϵĲμ faithful
Sincerely felt or expressed; unfeigned:
ʵģеģϱģٵģ
true grief.
ı
Fundamental; essential:
ģʵģ
his true motive.
ĸ
Rightful; legitimate:
ģϷģ
the true heir.
Ϸ̳
Exactly conforming to a rule, standard, or pattern:
ȷеģϸģϸϹ򣬱׼ģʽģ
trying to sing true B.
ԳȷB
Accurately shaped or fitted:
׼ȷģ״λþȷģ
a true wheel.
λþȷ̥
Accurately placed, delivered, or thrown.
ȷеģȷáͻͶ
Quick and exact in sensing and responding.
׼ȷģоӦѸ׼ȷ
Determined with reference to the earth's axis, not the magnetic poles:
ݵؼȷģݵǴżȷģ
true north.

Conforming to the definitive criteria of a natural group; typical:
ģֵģȻȺȷ׼ģ͵ģ
The horseshoe crab is not a true crab.
з
Narrowly particularized; highly specific:
ȷеģϸģģģ
spoke of probity in the truest sense of the word.
ƫĵ˵ֱĺ
adv.ʣ
In accord with reality, fact, or truthfulness.
׼ȷأʵأʵʵʵ
Unswervingly; exactly:
׼ȷأҡأȷеأ
The archer aimed true.
׼ȷ׼
So as to conform to a type, standard, or pattern.
أ͡׼ģʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
trued,tru.ing  true.ing trues 
To position (something) so as to make it balanced, level, or square:
ĳ λʹƽ⡢ƽȻˮƽ
trued up the long planks.
ˮƽϳľ
n.ʣ
Truth or reality. Used withthe.  
ʵthe  
Proper alignment or adjustment:
׼ȷʵ
out of true.
ë
?
Middle English trewe 
йӢ trewe 
from Old English tr?e [firm, trustworthy] * see  deru- 
Դ Ӣ tr?e [ᶨģŵ] *μ deru- 
?
trueness
n.ʣ

= =
truly
tru.ly
AHD:[tr?l?] 
D.J.[6tru8li8]
K.K.[6truli]
adv.ʣ
Sincerely; genuinely:
ϵأĵأ
We are truly sorry for the inconvenience.
ΪеǸ
Truthfully; accurately:
ʵأȷеأ
reported the matter truly.
ȷеرһ¼
Indeed:
ʵڣ
truly ugly.
ʵڳª
Properly:
ʵأ
not truly civilized.
ӹ

= =
trumpet
trum.pet
AHD:[tr?mp1t] 
D.J.[6trJmp!t]
K.K.[6trJmp!t]
n.ʣ
Music A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing 
variations in pitch.
֡ СţһָͭһǰΪ״Ľܺͳȿڵĩ˹ɣִСװ첻ͬ
Something shaped or sounding like this instrument.
ȡŽǣ״Сŵ
Music An organ stop that produces a tone like that of the brass wind instrument.
֡ ˨ɷͭ˨
A resounding call, as that of the elephant.
Ƶģƴ󷢳Ļ
v.ʣ
trum.pet.ed,trum.pet.ing,trum.pets 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
Music To play a trumpet.
֡ Сţȣ
To give forth a resounding call.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To sound or proclaim loudly.
˵
?
Middle English trumpette 
йӢ trumpette 
from Old French trompette [diminutive of] trompe [horn] 
Դ ŷ trompette  [] trompeС׺ [Ž] 
from Old High German trumpa 
Դ Ÿߵص trumpa 

= =
trunk
trunk
AHD:[tr?ngk] 
D.J.[trJ0k]
K.K.[trJ0k]
n.ʣ
The main woody axis of a tree.
ɣľ
Architecture The shaft of a column.
ѧ 
The body of a human being or an animal excluding the head and limbs.
ɣ˻ͷ֫岿
The thorax of an insect.
ز
A proboscis, especially the long prehensile proboscis of an elephant.
죺ǻ򳤳๣ָĿɲĳ
A main body, apart from tributaries or appendages.
ɣ
The main stem of a blood vessel or nerve apart from the branches.
֧ĴѪܻ
A trunk line.

A chute or conduit.
ۻܵ
Nautical 
 
A shaft connecting two or more decks.
ϼװͨ
The housing for the centerboard of a vessel.
ķ
Nautical Any of certain structures projecting above part of a main deck, as:
 ţװϵͻṹ
A covering over the hatches of a ship.
տڸ
An expansion chamber on a tanker.
ʹͲ
A cabin on a small boat.
С
A covered compartment for luggage and storage, generally at the rear of an automobile.
β
A large packing case or box that clasps shut, used as luggage or for storage.
䣺ÿ۵Ĵ
trunks Shorts worn for swimming or other athletics.
 trunks ˶㣺Ӿ˶ԱĶ̿
?
Middle English trunke 
йӢ trunke 
from Old French tronc 
Դ ŷ tronc 
from Latin truncus * see  ter- 2
Դ  truncus *μ ter- 2

= =
trust
trust
AHD:[tr?st] 
D.J.[trJst]
K.K.[trJst]
n.ʣ
Firm reliance on the integrity, ability, or character of a person or thing.
Σĳ˻ĳµֱԸļᶨ
Custody; care.
໤
Something committed into the care of another; charge.
йίбչܵƷί
The condition and resulting obligation of having confidence placed in one:
иԼɴ˲
violated a public trust.
ڵ
One in which confidence is placed.
и
Reliance on something in the future; hope.
ڴĳδϣ
Reliance on the intention and ability of a purchaser to pay in the future; credit.
ãծԹ߽Ը
Abbr. tr.Law 
д tr.ɡ 
A legal title to property held by one party for the benefit of another.
ȨһΪһеĺϷƲȨ
The confidence reposed in a trustee when giving the trustee legal title to property to administer for another, together with the trustee's obligation regarding that property and the 
beneficiary.
У˺ϷƲȨΣԱΪ˹Ʋе漰Ʋ˵
The property so held.
вƲ
A combination of firms or corporations for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices throughout a business or an industry.
ҵϣΪһҵҵڲپ۸¢϶γɵл˾
v.ʣ
trust.ed,trust.ing,trusts 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or place reliance; depend:
Σ
Trust in the Lord. Trust to destiny.
ϵۡ
To be confident; hope.
ţϣ
To sell on credit.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To have or place confidence in; depend on.
ԡģ
To expect with assurance; assume:
ŵڴ룺
I trust that you will be on time.
ȷ׼ʱ
To believe:
ţ
I trust what you say.
˵
To place in the care of another; entrust.
չܣй
To grant discretion to confidently:
Ľĵظ衭Ȩ
Can I trust them with the boat?
ܰѴи?
To extend credit to.
Ƿ
?
in trust
In the possession or care of a trustee.
йܣӵлչ
?
Middle English truste 
йӢ truste 
perhaps from Old Norse traust [confidence] * see  deru- 
Դ ˹ά traust [] *μ deru- 
?
truster
n.ʣ
?
trust,faith,confidence,reliance,dependence
These nouns denote a feeling of certainty that a person or thing will not fail.
Щʰȷĳ˻ĳ²ʧܵС
 Trust   implies depth and assurance of feeling that is often based on inconclusive evidence: 
 Trust  ʾڲȷ֤ϵȷУ 
The new President said he would try to justify the trust the electorate had placed in him.
ͳ˵֤ѡΡ
Faith   connotes unquestioning, often emotionally charged belief: 
Faith  ʾʣͨΣ 
Faith and knowledge lean largely upon each other in the practice of medicine (Peter M. Latham). 
 ҽ֪ʶ ƤءMķ 
Often enough our faith beforehand in an uncertified result is the only thing that makes the result come true  (William James).
 Ƕδ֤ʵĽʹýΪʵΨһء ķղķ˹
 Confidence,   which suggests less emotional intensity,frequently implies stronger grounds for assurance: 
 Confidence  ˸飬ʾȷŵǿɣ 
Confidence is a plant of slow growth in an aged bosom: youth is the season of credulity  (William Pitt).
 лֲŵʱڡ  ķƥأ
 Reliance   connotes a confident and trustful commitment to another: 
 Reliance  ʾ˵λ 
What reliance could they place on the protection of a prince so recently their enemy?  (William Hickling Prescott).
 һ½Ϊǵ˵ı?  ķϣ֡˹أ
 Dependence   suggests reliance on the help or support of another to whom one is often subordinate: 
 Dependence  ʾ˻¼ֵ֧ 
I fared like a distressed Prince who calls in a powerful Neighbor to his Aid . . .when I had once called him in,I could not subsist without Dependence on him  (Richard Steele).See 
also Synonyms at  care ,rely 
 ҹһùӣֻǿھӡһֻ桱 ¡˹ٶμͬ care,rely

= =
truth
truth
AHD:[tr?th] 
D.J.[tru8G]
K.K.[truG]
n.ʣ
 truths[tr?Yz, tr?ths]  
Conformity to fact or actuality.
ʵʵ
A statement proven to be or accepted as true.
ʵ֤Ϊʵĳ
Sincerity; integrity.
ϣֱ
Fidelity to an original or a standard.
ʵҳϣԭͻ׼ʵ
Reality; actuality.
ʵʵ
Truth Christian Science God.
 Truth ̿ѧɡ ϵ
?
Middle English trewthe [loyalty] 
йӢ trewthe [ҳ] 
from Old English tr?h * see  deru- 
Դ Ӣ tr?h *μ deru- 
?
truth,veracity,verity,verisimilitude
These nouns refer to the quality of being in accord with fact or reality.
Щָʵʵʡ
 Truth   is a comprehensive term that in all of its nuances implies accuracy and honesty: 
 Truth  һԴϸ΢ϽʾȷԼʵ 
Every man is fully satisfied that there is such a thing as truth, or he would not ask any questions  (Charles S. Peirce). 
 ÿ˶һڣκ⡱  ˹S.Ƥ˹ 
We seek the truth, and will endure the consequences  (Charles Seymour).
 Ѱеһк  ˹ī
 Veracity   is adherence to the truth: 
 Veracity  ָ 
Veracity is the heart of morality  (Thomas H. Huxley).
 ǵµġ  ˹H.
 Verity   often applies to an enduring or repeatedly demonstrated truth: 
 Verity  ʾõĻ򷴸֤ 
beliefs that were accepted as eternal verities  (James Harvey Robinson).
 Ϊ ղķ˹άޱѷ
 Verisimilitude   is the quality of having the appearance of truth or reality: 
 Verisimilitude  ָʵʣ 
merely corroborative detail, intended to give artistic verisimilitude to an otherwise bald and unconvincing narrative  (W.S. Gilbert).
 ͼһԭŵʵԵȷϸڡ (W.S.أ
?
Truth
TruthSojourner (1797?-1883)
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she was freed in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women.
³˹Ƕɣ(1797?-1883) ūߺŮȨߣūͥ1827ɣΪūƲάŮȨҪ

= =
try
try
AHD:[tro] 
D.J.[tra!]
K.K.[tra!]
v.ʣ
tried[trod] try.ing,tries[troz]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make an effort to do or accomplish (something); attempt:
ͼŬŬɣĳ£ͼ
tried to ski.
Ż
To taste, sample, or otherwise test in order to determine strength, effect, worth, or desirability:
飬ԣԣȡԾȣЧֵܻӭ̶ȣ
Try this casserole. Try the door.
ֻɰ
Law 
ɡ 
To examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process.
ʣͨɳ֤ݻ
To put (an accused person) on trial.
Уָصˣ
To subject to great strain or hardship; tax:
ĥʹࣺʹܾ޴ĥեȡ
The last steep ascent tried my every muscle.
һʵʹÿ鼡ⶼĥ
To melt (lard, for example) to separate out impurities; render.
磬ͣԷ
To smooth, fit, or align accurately.
У׼ӹʹƽʺϻȷص
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make an effort; strive.
Ŭ
n.ʣ
 tries[troz]  
An attempt; an effort.
ͼŬ
?
try on
To don (a garment) to test its fit.
Դ·ϣ·ԼǷ
To test or use experimentally.
Ի
try out
To undergo a competitive qualifying test, as for a job or athletic team.
μѡΣΪ˹˶ԱʸμӾʸ
To test or use experimentally.
Ի
?
try (one's) hand
To attempt to do something for the first time:
һĳ£
I tried my hand at skiing.
ŵһλ
?
Middle English trien 
йӢ trien 
from Old French trier [to pick out] 
Դ ŷ trier [] 
from Vulgar Latin *tri3e 
Դ  *tri3e 
?
The phrasetry and  is commonly used as a substitute for try to,  as inCould you try and make less noise?  A number of grammarians have labeled the construction incorrect.To be sure, 
associated with informal style,the usage strikes an inappropriately conversational note in formal writing.In the most recent survey65 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the use in 
writing of the sentence 
try and һͨ try to  ٷ С һЩ﷨ѧΪһṹȷһ÷ڷʽ壬һʽб
˵̸ʽĵУ65%÷ίԱԱµľӣ 
Why don't you try and see if you can work the problem out between yourselves? See Usage Note at and 
Ϊʲô㲻ԿԼܷ? μ and

= =
tub
tub
AHD:[t?b] 
D.J.[tJb]
K.K.[tJb]
n.ʣ
An open, flat-bottomed vessel, usually round and typically wider than it is deep, used for washing, packing, or storing.
裺һֿȴȵԲοƽϴװ洢Ʒ
The amount that such a vessel can hold.
һķ
The contents of such a vessel.
һ趫
A bathtub.

Informal A bath taken in a bathtub.
ʽ ԡ
Informal A wide, clumsy, slow-moving boat.
ʽ ʻĴ󡢱׾ٶȻĴֻ
A bucket used for conveying ore or coal up a mine shaft.
Ͱ򣺰úϿ󾮵Ŀ
A coal car used in a mine.
󳵣ϵú
v.ʣ
tubbed,tub.bing,tubs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pack or store in a tub.
ѡװ洢
To wash or bathe in a tub.
ϴϴ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take a bath.
ϴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Middle Dutch 
Դ йź 
or Middle Low German 
 йŵ͵ص 
?
tubbable
adj.ݴʣ
tubber
n.ʣ

= =
tube
tube
AHD:[t?b, ty?b] 
D.J.[tu8b, tju8b]
K.K.[tub, tjub]
n.ʣ
A hollow cylinder, especially one that conveys a fluid or functions as a passage.
ܣԲ壬ָҺΪͨĹ
An organic structure having the shape or function of a tube; a duct:
״٣й״ܵ٣ܣ
a bronchial tube.
֧
A small, flexible cylindrical container sealed at one end and having a screw cap at the other, for pigments, toothpaste, or other pastelike substances.
СܣԲСһͷܷ⣬һͷǣװϡȸ״
Music The cylindrical part of a wind instrument.
֡ ܣĹ״
Electronics 
ѧ 
An electron tube.
ӹ
A vacuum tube.
չ
Botany The lower, cylindrical part of a gamopetalous corolla or a gamosepalous calyx.
ֲѧ ״֣ϰ껨ڻϰ²״
Chiefly British A subway; an underground.
Ӣ ص
A tunnel.

An inner tube.
̥
Slang 
ٵ 
Television:
ӣ
What's on the tube?
ʲô?
A television set.
ӻ
v.ʣ
tubed,tub.ing,tubes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide with a tube; insert a tube in.
ṩӣܵ
To place in or enclose in a tube.
װܣڻùܰס
v.intr.Informal ﶯʣʽ 
To float down a stream or river for recreation in an inner tube:
Ư̥˳СϪƮΪǲ
went tubing on Sunday afternoon.
ȥƮ
?
down the tubes 
down the tube ٵ
Into a state of failure or ruin:
ʧܻٵ
saw all her plans go down the tubes.
еļƻ֮
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tubus 
Դ  tubus 

= =
tuck
tuck 1
AHD:[t?k] 
D.J.[tJk]
K.K.[tJk]
v.ʣ
tucked,tuck.ing,tucks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make one fold or several folds in.

To gather up and fold, thrust, or turn in so as to secure or confine:
۶̣򷭽ԱŪȹ̻Լ
She tucked her scarf into her blouse.
Χ
To put in a snug spot.
δ
To put in an out-of-the-way, snug place:
ʹأƫԶεĵط
a cabin that was tucked among the pines.
С
To store in a safe spot; save:
ڰȫأأ
tuck away a bit of lace; tuck away millions.
һߣԪǮ
To draw in; contract:

He tucked his chin into his chest.
°ǰ
Sports To bring (a body part) into a tuck position.
˶ һ֣
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make tucks.

n.ʣ
The act of tucking.
Ķ
A flattened pleat or fold, especially a very narrow one stitched in place.
ޣָסխƽ޻
Nautical The part of a ship's hull under the stern where the ends of the bottom planks come together.
 ׺ˣβͻ·Ӻϴ
Sports 
˶ 
A bodily position used in some sports, such as diving, in which the knees are bent, the thighs are drawn close to the chest, and the hands are clasped around the shins.
۵ʽƣˮ˶õƣϥؿڣֱС
A position in skiing in which the skier squats while holding the poles parallel to the ground and under the arms.
һֻѩƣѩ¶ףͬʱѻڱ²ʹƽ
Chiefly British Food, especially sweets and pastry.
Ӣ ʳʳָʳ͸
?
tuck away ʽ
To consume (food) heartily.
̻ʣʳ
tuck in
To make (a child, for example) secure in bed for sleep, especially by tucking bedclothes into the bed.
ڣѣ磬ӣŽ˯̸ָ
?
Middle English tukken 
йӢ tukken 
possibly from Middle Low German 
Դ йŵ͵ص 
or Middle Dutch tocken, tucken 
 йź tocken, tucken 
?
tuck
tuck 2
AHD:[t?k] 
D.J.[tJk]
K.K.[tJk]
n.ʣ
A beat or tap, especially on a drum.
ôĴָڹ
?
From Middle English tukken [to beat a drum] 
Դ йӢ tukken [] 
from Old North French toquer [to strike] 
Դ ŷ toquer [ã] 
from Vulgar Latin *tocc3e 
Դ  *tocc3e 
?
tuck
tuck 3
AHD:[t?k] 
D.J.[tJk]
K.K.[tJk]
n.Archaic ʣ 
A slender sword; a rapier.
ϸĽϸĽ
?
Perhaps from French dialectal toc 
Դ ﷽ toc 
from Old French estoc 
Դ ŷ estoc 
[of Germanic origin] 
[Դն] 
?
tuck
tuck 4
AHD:[t?k] 
D.J.[tJk]
K.K.[tJk]
n.ʣ
Energy; vigor.

?
[Origin unknown] 
[Դ] 

= =
tug
tug
AHD:[t?g] 
D.J.[tJg]
K.K.[tJg]
v.ʣ
tugged,tug.ging,tugs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pull at vigorously; strain at.
Ϊ
To move by pulling with great effort or exertion; drag.
ʹ
Nautical To tow by tugboat.
 ϴҷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To pull hard:

tugged at her boots.See Synonyms at pull 
ʹѥӲμ pull
To toil or struggle; strain.
ɣʹ
To vie; contend.

n.ʣ
A strong pull or pulling force:
ǿ
the tug of the sea.
ˮ
A contest; a struggle:

a tug between loyalty and desire.
ҳϺ֮Ķ
Nautical A tugboat.
 ϴ
A land, air, or space vehicle that moves or tows other vehicles:
϶ͨߵ½ءлռ佻ͨߣ
an airplane tug.
ҷɻ
A rope, chain, or strap used in hauling, especially a harness trace.
ָõϴ
?
Middle English tuggen 
йӢ tuggen 
from Old English t?n * see  deuk- 
Դ Ӣ t?n *μ deuk- 
?
tugger
n.ʣ

= =
tuition
tu.i.tion
AHD:[t?-1shn, ty?-] 
D.J.[tu86!.*n, tju8-]
K.K.[tu6!.*n, tju-]
n.ʣ
A fee for instruction, especially at a formal institution of learning.
ѧѣָʽѧϰڽķ
Instruction; teaching.
̵ָ
Archaic Guardianship.
 ໤
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ѧѣһʣ
tuition payments; tuition assistance.
ѧѽɣ
?
Middle English tuicion [protection] 
йӢ tuicion [] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin tuiti?}  tuiti?n- 
Դ  tuiti?}  tuiti?n- 
from tuitus [past participle of] tu?ro [to protect] 
Դ tuitus  [] tu?roĹȥִ [] 
?
tuitional  
tuitionary
AHD:[-1sh-nr?] ݴʣ

= =
tumble
tum.ble
AHD:[t?mbl] 
D.J.[6tJmb*l]
K.K.[6tJmb*l]
v.ʣ
tum.bled,tum.bling,tum.bles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform acrobatic feats such as somersaults, rolls, or twists.
ڣӼ緭ת
To fall or roll end over end:
ͷβา»£
The kittens tumbled over each other.
Сè
To spill or roll out in confusion or disorder:
ȿֺ߳ӿ
Schoolchildren tumbled out of the bus.
ѧͯӹһӿ
To pitch headlong; fall:
شеص£
tumbled on the ice.
صڱ
To proceed haphazardly.
Σյؽ
To topple, as from power or a high position; fall.
µӸߴ£
To collapse:

The walls came tumbling down.
ǽȻ
To drop:
µ
Prices tumbled.
۸µ
To come upon accidentally; happen on:
żϣżȻ
We tumbled on a first-rate restaurant.
żȻһһķ
Slang To come to a sudden understanding; catch on:
ٵ Ȼ⣺
I finally tumbled to the reality that I was being cheated.
ͻȻʶѱƭʵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to fall; bring down:
ʹ£ʹ
a scandal that tumbled the government.
ʹ̨ĳ
To put, spill, or toss haphazardly:
Ūңңҡҡ׹طá»׳
tumbled the extra parts into a box.
ѶಿֺҷŽ
To toss or whirl in a drum, tumbler, or tumbling box.
ڴͲСлĥͲҡת
n.ʣ
An act of tumbling; a fall.
ҡڣ
Confusion; disorder.
ң
?
Middle English tumblen [frequentative of] tumben [to dance about] 
йӢ tumblen  [] tumbenظ [] 
from Old English tumbian 
Դ Ӣ tumbian 

= =
tunnel
tun.nel
AHD:[t?nl] 
D.J.[6tJn*l]
K.K.[6tJn*l]
n.ʣ
An underground or underwater passage.
صӵµĻˮµͨ
A passage through or under a barrier.
عĳһϰλµͨ
Obsolete The main flue on a chimney.
 ̴̣ڵҪͨ
v.ʣ
tun.neled  tun.nelled tun.nel.ing  tun.nel.ling tun.nels  tun.nels  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make a tunnel through or under.
ڡڡ濪ͨһӵ
To produce, shape, or dig in the form of a tunnel.
ڣ䣺ڻ״Ķ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a tunnel.
ڵص
?
Middle English tonel [tubular net] 
йӢ tonel [Ͳ] 
from Old French tonnelle [diminutive of] tonne [tun] 
Դ ŷ tonnelle  [] tonneС׺ [Ͱ] 
[possibly of Celtic origin] 
[Դڿ] 
?
tunneler  
tunneller
n.ʣ

= =
turbine
tur.bine
AHD:[t?rb1n, -bon] 
D.J.[6tT8b!n, -7ba!n]
K.K.[6tPb!n, -7ba!n]
n.ʣ
Any of various machines in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted to mechanical power by the impulse or reaction of the fluid with a series of buckets, paddles, or 
blades arrayed about the circumference of a wheel or cylinder.
ֻ͸ƽͨװһֻԲͲΧͰҶƬ˶ҺӶƶҺĶתΪеܵĻеκһ
?
French 
 
from Latin turb?}  turbin- [spinning top] 
Դ  turb?}  turbin- [ת] 
perhaps from Greek turb?} [turmoil] 
Դ ϣ turb?} [] 

= =
turbulent
tur.bu.lent
AHD:[t?rby-lnt] 
D.J.[6tT8bj*l*nt]
K.K.[6tPbj*l*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous:
ɧģģһ򼤻ģɧ״̬ģӿģ
turbulent rapids.
ӿļ
Having a chaotic or restless character or tendency:
ģɧҵģ󶯵ҵģɧҵģ
a turbulent period in history.
ʷϵĶʱ
Causing unrest or disturbance; unruly:
ҡɧõģɧģѿƵģ
turbulent, revolutionary undercurrents.
ɧġİ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin turbulentus 
Դ  turbulentus 
from turba [turmoil] * see  turbid 
Դ turba [] *μ turbid
?
turbulently
adv.ʣ

= =
turkey
tur.key
AHD:[t?rk?] 
D.J.[6tT8ki8]
K.K.[6tPki]
n.ʣ
 tur.keys 
A large North American bird(Meleagris gallopavo)  that has brownish plumage and a bare, wattled head and neck and is widely domesticated for food. 
𼦣緼һִ͵ı緼 ëʹͭɫͷ㡢д⣬һʳ 
A related bird(Agriocharis ocellata)  of Mexico and Central America, brilliantly colored and having eyelike spots on its tail. 
𼦣ī޵ϵ۰緼 ɫޣβ۾һİߵ 
Slang 
ٵ 
A person considered inept or undesirable.
ɵϣΪǲõ
A failure, especially a failed theatrical production or movie.
ʧ֮ʧܣָʧܵϷƷӰ
Sports Three consecutive strikes in bowling.
˶ 
?
talk turkeyʽ
To speak frankly and get down to the basic facts of a matter.
ֱʵ˵̸̹Ҫ̸
?
After  Turkey 
Դ  Turkey
[from a confusion with the guinea fowl, once believed to have originated in Turkish territory] 
[Դ鼦Ļ鼦Ϊԭ] 
?
Turkey
Tur.key
AHD:[t?rk?] д Tur.,Turk.
D.J.[6tT8ki8]
K.K.[6tPki]
NONE޴ԣ
A country of southwest Asia and southeast Europe between the Mediterranean and the Black seas. One of the oldest inhabited regions in the world, Turkey was the center of the Ottoman 
Empire for more than 600 years. Its modern history dates to the rise of the Young Turks (after 1908) and the collapse of the empire in 1918. Under the leadership of Kemal Atatrk, a 
republic was proclaimed in 1923. Ankara is the capital and Istanbul the largest city. Population, 44,736,957.
䣺һԽϲŷ޶ϲĹңλڵкͺں֮䡣ϵľס֮һΪ˹۹ķ600ꡣִʷʼ
䵳(1908Ժ󣩺1918˹۹ıڿ¶ٶ˵쵼£1923깲͹׶˹̹ǵһС˿
44,736,957

= =
turning
turn.ing
AHD:[t?rn1ng] 
D.J.[6tT8n!0]
K.K.[6tPn!0]
n.ʣ
A deviation from a straight course; a turn.
䴦·ڣƫֱߣת
The shaping of metal or wood on a lathe.
óʹľĳ͵Ĺ
turnings Shavings produced in shaping metal on a lathe.
 turnings ½ţмڳϳʱµƬм

= =
turnip
tur.nip
AHD:[t?rn1p] 
D.J.[6tT8n!p]
K.K.[6tPn!p]
n.ʣ
A widely cultivated Eurasian plant(Brassica rapa)  of the mustard family, having a large, fleshy, edible yellow or white root. 
ݼݼһֹ㷺ֲĲŷǴ½ֲݼ ̦ܿ ʮֻƣдġġʳõĸʻɫɰɫ 
The root of this plant, eaten as a vegetable.
ݼֲĸΪ߲ʳ
?
tur- [of unknown origin] 
tur- [Դ] 
dialectal nepe [turnip]  from Middle English  from Old English n?p  from Latin n3s 
 nepe [ݼ]  Դ йӢ  Դ Ӣ n?p  Դ  n3s 

= =
turnover
turn.o.ver
AHD:[t?rn?vr] 
D.J.[6tT8n7*&v*]
K.K.[6tPn7ov+]
n.Abbr. t.o.ʣд t.o.
The act of turning over; an upset or overthrow.
תΪŪ
An abrupt change; a reversal.
䣺ͻȻı仯תת
A small pastry made by covering one half of a piece of dough with fruit, preserves, or other filling and folding the other half over on top.
ڱһְԲεСڱڰϣˮ۽ڣһѹ
The number of times a particular stock of goods is sold and restocked during a given period of time.
ת䣬תڸʱڼĳһضƷۺֽĴ
The amount of business transacted during a given period of time.
Ӫҵɽڸʱڼɽܶ
The number of shares of stock sold on the market during a given period of time.
֤ȯ׶ڸʱг۵Ĺɷ
The number of workers hired by an establishment to replace those who have left in a given period of time.
ԱȱԱҵ˾ڸʱ¹õĴȥĹ˵
The ratio of this number to the number of employed workers.
¹ԱʣȱԱӶԱıֵ
Sports A loss of possession of the ball to the opposing team, as by a misplay or an infraction of the rules.
˶ ֣ʧ򣺰򶪸˶Էӣʧ򷸹
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of being turned or folded down or over:
ɷµģתģ
a turnover collar.
ɷµ

= =
tutor
tu.tor
AHD:[t?tr, ty?-] 
D.J.[6tu8t*, 6tju8-]
K.K.[6tut+, 6tju-]
n.ʣ
A private instructor.
ͥʦ˽˽ʦ˽˵ָ
One that gives additional, special, or remedial instruction.
ʦʦṩġרŵĻ򲹾Եָ
A teacher or teaching assistant in some universities and colleges having a rank lower than that of an instructor.
̣ѧѧԺְλڽʦĽʦʦ
A graduate, usually a fellow, responsible for the supervision of an undergraduate at some British universities.
ָʦԱӢĳЩѧиලָоͨоԱ
Law The legal guardian of a minor and of the minor's property.
ɡ Աˣδ˼δ˲ƲĺϷ໤
v.ʣ
tu.tored,tu.tor.ing,tu.tors 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To act as a tutor to; instruct or teach privately.
ļͥʦ˽¸
To have the guardianship, tutelage, or care of.
໤չ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To function as a tutor.
ʦͥʦ
To be instructed by a tutor; study under a tutor.
ܸڼͥʦĸѧϰ
?
Middle English tutour 
йӢ tutour 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin t?r 
Դ  t?r 
from t?s 
Դ t?s 
variant past participle of tu?o} [to guard] 
 tu?oıȥִ} [ػ] 

= =
twelfth
twelfth
AHD:[twlfth] 
D.J.[twelfG]
K.K.[twWlfG]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number 12 in a series.
ʮһϵ12Ӧ
One of 12 equal parts.
ʮ֮һʮȷеһ
Music 
֡ 
A 12-degree interval in a diatonic scale.
ʮ̣Ȼϵһʮ
A tone 12 degrees below or above a given tone.
ʮȺڸ֮»֮ʮȵ
?
Middle English twelfthe 
йӢ twelfthe 
alteration of Old English twelfta * see  dwo- 
 Ӣ twelftaı仯 *μ dwo- 
?
twelfth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
twelve
twelve
AHD:[twlv] 
D.J.[twelv]
K.K.[twWlv]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to the sum of 11 + 1.
ʮ111Ļ
The twelfth in a set or sequence.
ʮһ׻һϵеĵʮ
Twelve Bible See table at Bible 
 Twelve ʥ μ Bible
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English twelf * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ twelf *μ dwo- 
?
twelve
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
twenty
twen.ty
AHD:[twnt?, tw?n-] 
D.J.[6twenti8, 6twJn-]
K.K.[6twWnti, 6twJn-]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to 2  10.
ʮ210Ļ
twenties 
 twenties 
Often Twenties The decade from 20 to 29 in a century.
  Twenties ʮһ20굽29һʮ
A decade or the numbers from 20 to 29:
2029һ֣
The children are now in their twenties. The temperature dipped into the twenties.
ǶѾʮˡ½˶ʮ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tw?g * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ tw?g *μ dwo- 
?
twenty
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
twentieth
twen.ti.eth
AHD:[twnt?-1th, tw?n-] 
D.J.[6twenti8!G, 6twJn-]
K.K.[6twWnti!G, 6twJn-]
n.ʣ
The ordinal number matching the number 20 in a series.
ڶʮһ20Ӧ
One of 20 equal parts.
ʮ֮һʮȷеһ
?
twentieth
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ

= =
twice
twice
AHD:[twos] 
D.J.[twa!s]
K.K.[twa!s]
adv.ʣ
In two cases or on two occasions; two times:
Σ£Σ
I rewrote the essay twice.
Ұ޸
In doubled degree or amount:
أ
twice as many.
֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English twiga * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ twiga *μ dwo- 

= =
twin
twin
AHD:[tw1n] 
D.J.[tw!n]
K.K.[tw!n]
n.ʣ
One of two offspring born at the same birth.
˫̥֮һͬһ̥µеһ
One of two identical or similar people, animals, or things; a counterpart.
ͬƵˡеһӦ
twins Mineralogy Two interwoven crystals that are mirror images of each other.
 twins ѧ Ͼ໥Ϊ໥ľ
A twin-size bed.
˫˴
adj.ݴʣ
Being two or one of two offspring born at the same birth:
ģͬһ̥µӵĻеһģ
twin sisters.

Being two or one of two identical or similar people, animals, or things:
ͬƵˡĻ֮һģ
twin executives; twin cities; a twin bed.
ԵȵִԱóУһԵ˴еһ
Consisting of two identical or similar parts:
ͬƵĲɵģ
a twin lamp fixture.
Եĵ
v.ʣ
twinned,twin.ning,twins 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give birth to twins.
˫̥
Archaic To be one of twin offspring.
 Ϊеһ
To be paired or coupled.
˫ɶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pair or couple.
ʹ˫ɶ
To provide a match or counterpart to.
ṩԳƻԵȵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English twinn [twofold] * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ twinn [] *μ dwo- 

= =
twinkle
twin.kle
AHD:[tw1ngkl] 
D.J.[6tw!0k*l]
K.K.[6tw!0k*l]
v.ʣ
twin.kled,twin.kling,twin.kles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To shine with slight, intermittent gleams, as distant lights or stars; flicker; glimmer.See Synonyms at flash 
˸ңԶĵƹһ˸΢⣻˸μ flash
To be bright or sparkling, as with merriment or delight:
⣺ҫڸ˻˷ܣ
eyes that twinkled with joy.
˸ϲùâ˫
To blink or wink the eyes.See Synonyms at blink 
գۣգʾμ blink
To move about or to and fro rapidly and gracefully; flit.
ƶŵƶض
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To emit (light) in slight, intermittent gleams.
ʹ˸ʹҫ΢Ъģ⣩
n.ʣ
A slight, intermittent gleam of light; a sparkling flash; a glimmer.
⣬΢⣺΢ҼЪĵƹ⣻⣻΢
A sparkle of merriment or delight in the eye.
۾и˻˷ܵĹ
A brief interval; a twinkling.
˲ϢһɲǣݵļЪһɲ
A rapid to-and-fro movement.
ƶٵƶ
?
Middle English twinklen 
йӢ twinklen 
from Old English twinclian [frequentative of] twincan [to blink] 
Դ Ӣ twinclian  [] twincanظ [գ] 
?
twinkler
n.ʣ
twinkly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
twist
twist
AHD:[tw1st] 
D.J.[tw!st]
K.K.[tw!st]
v.ʣ
twist.ed,twist.ing,twists 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wind together (two or more threads, for example) so as to produce a single strand.
ŤһϣߣΪһ
To form in this manner:
ַ꣬ʽ
twist a length of rope from strands of hemp.
üһ
To wind or coil (vines or rope, for example) about something.
ƣѣٻӵȣĳ
To interlock or interlace:
ᣬ᣺
twist flowers in one's hair.
ͷϱ໨
To make (one's way) in a tortuous manner:
ߣ·
twisted my way through the briar patch.
ھǰ
To turn so as to face another direction:
תתһ
twisted their heads around at the sound of the doorbell.
ǵͷת˹ȥ
To impart a spiral or coiling shape to, as by turning the ends in opposite directions:
ʹ״ʹɾ״ʹλƵ״ͷת෴ķ
twisting wire into a loop.
ѵһȦ
To turn or open by turning:
ŤŤ
twisted off the bottle cap.
ƿš
To pull, break, or snap by turning:
ƻŪϣŤķ۶ϻУ
twist off a dead branch.
۶һ֦
To wrench or sprain:
ŤŤˣ
twist one's wrist.
Ť
To alter the normal aspect of; contort:
ı״ʹŤ
twist one's mouth into a wry smile.
Цһ
To alter or distort the intended meaning of:
⣺ı˼
The cross-examiner twisted the words of the witness.See Synonyms at distort 
֤˵Ļμ distort
To alter or distort the mental, moral, or emotional character of:
ı䣬Ťıľ񡢵»ϵԸ
The trauma twisted the child's outlook.
˸ıǸӵò
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be or become twisted.

To move or progress in a winding course; meander:
ѣۣƶǰѶ
The river twisted toward the sea.
ˮ
To squirm; writhe:
Ť壻Ť
twist with pain.
ʹŤ
To rotate or revolve.
תת
To dance the twist.
Ť
To move so as to face in another direction.
һ
n.ʣ
Something twisted or formed by twisting, especially:
֮ƻγɵĶָ
A length of yarn, cord, or thread, especially a strong silk thread used mainly to bind the edges of buttonholes.
˿ߣһëߡ߻˿ߣָҪťۿ׵Ľʵ˿
Tobacco leaves processed into the form of a rope or roll.
̲ݾӹ״״Ҷ
A loaf of bread or other bakery product made from pieces of dough twisted together.
黨״þһŵżӹɵƬƵĶ
A sliver of citrus peel twisted over or dropped into a beverage for flavoring.
ƤеζһСƤ
The act of twisting or the condition of being twisted; a spin, twirl, or rotation.
תƵĶƵ״̬תת
Sports 
˶ 
A complete rotation of the body around its vertical axis, as in diving and gymnastics.
ת嶯ƴֱһȦˮ
A spinning motion given to a ball when thrown or struck in a specific way.
תһķʽӳʱӸת
The state of being twisted into a spiral; torsional stress or strain.
״ŤŤ״Ťתѹ
The degree or angle of torsional stress.
ŤǿȣŤĽǶ
A contortion or distortion of the body, especially the face.
Ť壬Ť
A distortion of meaning:
˼⣺
gave my words a misleading twist.
ҵĻ
A sprain or wrench, as of an ankle.
Ťˣ׹ؽ
A change in direction; a turn:
ı䷽ת䣺
a sharp twist in the path.
С·ϵһת
An unexpected change in a process or a departure from a pattern, often producing a distortion or perversion:
仯ڹгϵı仯ʽĸı䣬Ťߵ
a twist of fate; a story with a quirky twist.
˵ŤתĹ
A personal inclination or eccentricity; a penchant or flaw:
Źֵ򣺸˵񱣻ȱݣ
an odd twist to his character.
ԸйŹֵ
A dance characterized by vigorous gyrations of the hips and arms.
ҡ裺ƨɺ͸첲Ť赸
?
twist (someone's) armٵ
To coerce by or as if by physical force:
ĳʩѹûʩѹİ취ǿĳ˷ӣ
If you twist my arm, I'll stay for a second beer.
ʩѹĻһȵڶơ
?
Middle English twisten 
йӢ twisten 
from twist [a divided object, fork, rope] 
Դ twist [ֲĶӣ] 
from Old English -twist * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ -twist *μ dwo- 
?
twistability
n.ʣ
twistable
adj.ݴʣ
twistingly
adv.ʣ
twisty
adj.ݴʣ

= =
two
two
AHD:[t?] 
D.J.[tu8]
K.K.[tu]
n.ʣ
The cardinal number equal to the sum of 1 + 1.
11Ļ
The second in a set or sequence.
ڶһ׻ϵеĵڶ
Something having two parts, units, or members, especially a playing card, the face of a die, or a domino with two pips.
ߣ֡ԪԱָ˿ˡӵĶŵ
?
in two
Into two separate parts; in half:
ֳֳ֣룺
cut the sandwich in two.
г
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English tw3} * see  dwo- 
Դ Ӣ tw3} *μ dwo- 
?
two
adj.ݴʣ
pron.ʣ

= =
type
type
AHD:[top] 
D.J.[ta!p]
K.K.[ta!p]
n.ʣ
A number of people or things having in common traits or characteristics that distinguish them as a group or class.
ͣһ˻аһֿĹͬص
The general character or structure held in common by a number of people or things considered as a group or class.
־ʣΪһ˻ﹲͬӵеṹ
A person or thing having the features of a group or class.
ͣӵһ˻
An example or a model having the ideal features of a group or class; an embodiment:
ģһӻģ
He was the perfect type of a military dandy(Joyce Cary)
˵䷶(˿)
A person regarded as exemplifying a particular profession, rank, or social group:
Ϊһضְҵײˣ
a group of executive types; a restaurant frequented by tourist types.
һȺٴ߾˵ķ
A figure, representation, or symbol of something to come, such as an event in the Old Testament that foreshadows another in the New Testament.
ԤףٵĶ󡢴ھԼԤʾԼһµ¼
A taxonomic group, especially a genus or species, chosen as the representative example in characterizing the larger taxonomic group to which it belongs.
࣬ţϣָ࣬ѡĸϵصĵ
The specimen on which the original description and naming of a taxon is based.
ģʽ걾һ൥ԪдƷ
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A small block of metal or wood bearing a raised letter or character on the upper end that leaves a printed impression when inked and pressed on paper.
֣϶˴ͻĸֵһСľͷͿīѹֽϺͻӡ
Such pieces considered as a group.
ǦȺһĻ
Printed or typewritten characters; print.
ӡˢ֣ӡˢĻֻ֣ӡˢ
A size or style of printed or typewritten characters; a typeface:
壺ӡˢֵֻĴС壺
a sans-serif type.
޳
A pattern, a design, or an image impressed or stamped onto the face of a coin.
ͼӡӲϵģʽƻͼ
v.ʣ
typed,typ.ing,types 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To write (something) with a typewriter; typewrite.
ôֻĳôֻ
To determine the antigenic characteristics of (a blood or tissue sample).
ⶨͣⶨѪҺ֯ƷĿԭ
To typecast.
ԱĽɫ
To represent or typify.
Ϊĵ
To prefigure.
Ԥʾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To write with a typewriter; typewrite.
ôֻ򣻴
?
Middle English [symbol] 
йӢ [] 
from Late Latin typus [type] 
Դ  typus [ģ] 
from Latin [image] 
Դ  [] 
from Greek tupos [impression] 
Դ ϣ tupos [ӡ] 
?
type,kind,sort,nature,character,ilk
These nouns refer to groups of people or things regarded as constituting a class because of their shared attributes or characteristics.Type  in strict usage implies such similarity in 
traits among members of the group that the group is clearly and unmistakably distinguished from all others:  
Щʶָ乲еԻһ˻ϸϽType ָԵĻ򲻿ŪԵһԱ֮  
I seem to discern six types [of judicial writing] which divide themselves from one another with measurable distinctness   (Benjamin N. Cardozo).
Һ ໥֮ԿԺĲֿ  N
 Kind   can refer to a class whose members are linked by innate characteristics: 
 Kind  ָϵһĳԱɵࣺ 
Material objects are of two kinds, atoms and compounds of atoms  (Lucretius).Often, however,type  and kind,  like sort,  are applied when the resemblance or relationship is not 
precisely defined:  
ʷ࣬ԭӼԭӻ  ¬ޣǣͨ£sort һͬϵûоȷʱ type  kind ã  
I don't enjoy that type of show.
Ҳϲ͵ıݡ
 What kind of people do they think we are?  (Winston S. Churchill). 
 Ϊ? ˹١S񼪶 
Here dies the dusky torch of Mortimer,/Chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort  (Shakespeare).Nature  in this comparison refers to native or inherent traits:  
ĪĬĻϨϢڱɵҰġ ɯʿǣ֮£nature ָеԣ  
Most of the articles in the magazine are of a didactic nature.
־ϴ󲿷µıʶ˵Եġ
Character   emphasizes qualities peculiar to individual members of a group: 
Character  ǿеԱرʣ 
Her criticism had the character of a bit of kindly advice.
Ľ顣
Ilk   refers, often disparagingly, to classification by character, disposition, point of view, or standing: 
Ilk  ָԸ񡢵λ۵ɵĲ 
a larcenous tendency restricted to shady operators and others of that ilk. 
ڿסľӪ߼˵һ͵ 

= =
typewriter
type.writ.er
AHD:[toprotr] 
D.J.[6ta!p7ra!t*]
K.K.[6ta!p7ra!t+]
n.ʣ
A writing machine that produces characters similar to typeset print by means of a manually operated keyboard that actuates a set of raised types, which strike the paper through an 
inked ribbon.
ֻһдֵĻֶͨļʹһ͹Ǧֻɫֽϣֵӡˢһģһ
Printing A typestyle like that of typewritten copy.
ӡˢ 

= =
typhoon
ty.phoon
AHD:[to-f?n] 
D.J.[ta!6fu8n]
K.K.[ta!6fun]
n.ʣ
A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans.
̨磺̫ƽӡȴ
?
Probably alteration of Chinese (Cantonese) toi fung 
Ϊ 㶫 toi fungı仯 
Mandarin ti [great] 
ͨ ti [޴] 
Mandarin f?g [wind] 
ͨ f?g [] 
?
Perhaps few words better illustrate the polyglot background of English thantyphoon,  with its Chinese, Arabic, East Indian, and Greek background. The Greek wordtyphon,  both the name 
of the father of the winds and a common noun meaning whirlwind, typhoon, was borrowed into Arabic (as was many a Greek word during the Middle Ages, when Arabic learning both 
preserved the classical heritage and expanded upon it, passing it on to Europe).?f3n,}  the Arabic version of the Greek word, passed into languages spoken in India,where Arabic-
speaking Moslem invaders had settled in the 11th century.Thus the descendant of the Arabic word,passing into English (first recorded in 1588) through an Indian languageand appearing 
in English in forms such astouffon  and tufan,  originally referred specifically to a severe storm in India.China, another great empire, gave us yet another word for a storm,in this case 
the hurricane that occurred in the waters around China.This Chinese word in its Cantonese form,toi fung,  was similar to our Arabic borrowing and is first recorded in English guise 
astuffoon  in 1699. The various forms coalesced and finally becametyphoon.  
Ҳеtyphoon һӡϣĶԱ ϣtyphon ǷΪ磬̨硱ͨʣ 뵽
ʱϣﵥʽ밢һʱ˵ѧʱ˹ŵķͬʱڰŷʱ䣩Tufan ϣİʽ 뵽
ӡʹõԣ11ʱ˹ӡȶﵥʵӡԽӢ1588꣩touffon  tufan 
ʽӢУ ָӡȵҷ籩йһ۹Ƿ籩һʣָй淢쫷硣ﵥʵĹ㶫ʽtoi fung ͬǵİ
ô tuffoon ʽ1699Ӣ ʽϲһtyphoon  

= =
typical
typ.i.cal
AHD:[t1p1-kl] 
D.J.[6t!p!k*l]
K.K.[6t!p!k*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Exhibiting the qualities, traits, or characteristics that identify a kind, class, group, or category:
͵ģһࡢ͡ȺʡԻصģ
a typical suburban community.See Synonyms at normal 
һ͵Ľμ normal
Of or relating to a representative specimen; characteristic or distinctive.
ֵĴйصģеĻر
Conforming to a type:
Եģγһַģ
a composition typical of the baroque period.
͵İʱڵƷ
Also typ.ic [-1k] Of the nature of, constituting, or serving as a type; emblematic.
 Ҳ typ.ic [-1k] ıʣһ͵ģΪһ͵ģΪǵ
?
Late Latin typic3s 
 typic3s 
from typicus 
Դ typicus 
from Greek tupikos 
Դ ϣ tupikos 
from tupos [impression] 
Դ tupos [ӡ] 
?
typically
adv.ʣ
typicalness  
typicality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?] ʣ

= =
typist
typ.ist
AHD:[top1st] 
D.J.[6ta!p!st]
K.K.[6ta!p!st]
n.ʣ
One who operates a typewriter.
Աֻ

= =
tyre
tyre
AHD:[tor] 
D.J.[ta!*]
K.K.[ta!r]
n.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of tire 2
 tireı2
?
Tyre
Tyre
AHD:[tor] 
D.J.[ta!*]
K.K.[ta!r]
NONE޴ԣ
An ancient Phoenician city on the eastern Mediterranean Sea in present-day southern Lebanon. The capital of Phoenicia after the 11th centuryb.c. , it was a flourishing commercial 
center noted for its purple dyestuffs and rich, silken clothing. Tyre was besieged and captured by Alexander the Great in 332 b.c.  and was finally destroyed by Moslems in a.d.  1291. 
ٶһŴ׶λڽڵϲкԪǰ 11ͺһٵҵģɫȾϺͻ˿֯Ʒơɽ Ԫǰ 332Χ
ռ˵ٶٶ Ԫ 1291걻˹ֻٵ 

= =
ugly
ug.ly
AHD:[?gl?] 
D.J.[6Jgli8]
K.K.[6Jgli]
adj.ݴʣ
ug.li.er,ug.li.est 
Displeasing to the eye; unsightly.
ªģȥ˲ģѿ
Repulsive or offensive; objectionable:
ĻģԵģ
an ugly remark.

Chiefly Southern U.S. Rude:
ϲ ³ģ
Don't be ugly to your grandparents.
Ҫ游ĸô³
New England Unmanageable. Used of animals, especially cows or horses.
Ӣ ѿƵġڶţ
Morally reprehensible; bad.
°ܻģӦָģ
Threatening or ominous:
вĻģ
ugly black clouds in the sky.
в
Likely to cause embarrassment or trouble:
նģܿλ鷳ģ
Public opinion in both nations could take an ugly turn(George R. Packard)
ҵĹпܻת鷳(R.)
Marked by or inclined to anger or bad feelings; cross or disagreeable:
Ƣģڷŭ򲻺õĸоģƢĻ˲ģ
an ugly temper; an ugly scene.
Ƣ˲ĳ
n.ʣ
 ug.lies ʽ 
One that is ugly.
ª
?
Middle English [frightful, repulsive] 
йӢ [µģ] 
from Old Norse uggligr 
Դ ˹ά uggligr 
from uggr [fear] 
Դ uggr [] 
?
uglily
adv.ʣ
ugliness
n.ʣ
?
ugly,hideous,ill-favored,unsightly
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is offensive to the sense of sight: 
Щݴʹе˼ǡȥġ 
ugly furniture;
ѿļҾߣ
a hideous scar;
ѿỊ̇
an ill-favored countenance;
ªף
an unsightly billboard. beautiful 
ѿĹ beautiful
?
The standard sense of the adjectiveugly  becomes figurative in the common expression an ugly temper.   Regional American speech shares this figurative sense and makes it even 
more specific.In New Englandugly  as applied to animals, especially large farm animals such as cows and horses, means balky, hard to manage.In the South, on the other 
hand,ugly  with the specific sense of rude is used of persons: Don't be ugly, son.   Interestingly, the wordclever  (senses 4 through 6) follows the same regional pattern as ugly : in 
New England the specialized senses refer to animals; in the South, to persons.
ݴugly ı׼˼ڵı Ƣ бýˡ ĵжֱ岢ʹӾ廯Ӣugly ڶ Ǵ͵ļ
ţ˼ǡãѿơϲһ棬ugly ˵ľ˼Ϊ³ġ ӣҪô³  ˼ǣclever 46ź ugly һ
طʽ Ӣָ˼ڶϷ

= =
ultimate
ul.ti.mate
AHD:[?lt-m1t] 
D.J.[6Jlt*m!t]
K.K.[6Jlt*m!t]
adj.Abbr. ult.ݴʣд ult.
Being last in a series, process, or progression:
յģϵС̻չģ
As the ultimate arbiter of the Constitution, the Supreme Court occupies a central place in our scheme of government(Richard A. Epstein)
Ϊܷ߲þߣ߷Ժϵռкλá(A.˹̹)
Fundamental; elemental:
ģģ
an ultimate truth.
ʵ
Of the greatest possible size or significance; maximum:
޵ģܳߴĻҪģģ
Has the ultimate diamond been found?
ʯ?
Representing or exhibiting the greatest possible development or sophistication:
ѵģ޵ģչʾܵķչԵģ
the ultimate bicycle.
ѵг
Utmost; extreme:
ģ˵ģ
the ultimate insult.

Being most distant or remote; farthest.See Synonyms at last 1
ԶģԶģԶĲμ last1
Eventual:
յģ
hoped for ultimate victory.
ڴʤ
n.ʣ
The basic or fundamental fact, element, or principle.
ʵػԭ
The final point; the conclusion.
յĹ۵㣻
The greatest extreme; the maximum:
ļޣ
actions that represented the ultimate in political expediency.
Ȩ֮Ʊֵ쾡
?
Latin ultim3s [past participle of] ultim3re [to come to an end] 
 ultim3s  [] ultim3reĹȥִ [] 
from ultimus [last] [superlative of] .ulter [on the other side] * see  al- 1
Դ ultimus []  [] ulter߼ [һ] *μ al- 1

= =
ultimately
ul.ti.mate.ly
AHD:[?lt-m1t-l?] 
D.J.[6Jlt*m!tli8]
K.K.[6Jlt*m!tli]
adv.Abbr. ult.ʣд ult.
At last; in the end; eventually.
գ

= =
ultraviolet
ul.tra.vi.o.let
AHD:[?ltr-vo-l1t] 
D.J.[7Jltr*6va!*l!t]
K.K.[7Jltr*6va!*l!t]
adj.Abbr. UV,U.V.ݴʣд UV,U.V.
Of or relating to the range of invisible radiation wavelengths from about 4 nanometers, on the border of the x-ray region, to about 380 nanometers, just beyond the violet in the visible 
spectrum.
ģߵģոճɼϹⲢXϣӴԼ4΢׵380΢֮Ĳӷ䲨Ļ֮йص
n.ʣ
Ultraviolet light or the ultraviolet part of the spectrum.
⣬ߵģ׵߲

= =
umbrella
um.brel.la
AHD:[?m-brl] 
D.J.[Jm6brel*]
K.K.[Jm6brWl*]
n.ʣ
A device for protection from the weather consisting of a collapsible, usually circular canopy mounted on a central rod.
ɡװãĳһϵĿյģԲε
Something that covers or protects.
ǻ򱣻
Air cover, especially during a military operation.
ڻĻڻھжڼ
Something that encompasses or covers many different elements or groups.
򸲸ɷֻ
Zoology The gelatinous, rounded mass that is the major part of the body of most jellyfish.
ѧ ˮĸɡĤˮĸĴ󲿷ֵĽʵԲ
?
Italian ombrella 
 ombrella 
from Late Latin umbrella 
Դ  umbrella 
alteration  influenced by umbra [shade] 
   umbraӰ [Ӱ] 
of Latin umbella [parasol] * see  umbel 
  umbellaı仯 [ɡ] *μ umbel
?
umbrellaless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
unable
un.a.ble
AHD:[?n-3bl] 
D.J.[Jn6e!b*l]
K.K.[Jn6eb*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking the necessary power, authority, or means; not able; incapable:
ܵģȱٱҪȨֶΣܵģ
unable to get to town without a car.
û޷
Lacking mental or physical capability or efficiency; incompetent:
ģȱЧʣʤεģ
unable to walk.
û

= =
unanimous
u.nan.i.mous
AHD:[y?-n2n-ms] 
D.J.[j&6n#n*m*s]
K.K.[j&6n#n*m*s]
adj.Abbr. unan.ݴʣд unan.
Sharing the same opinions or views; being in complete harmony or accord.
ȫһµģӵйͬĹģȫгһµ
Based on or characterized by complete assent or agreement.
һͬģģȫͬΪݻص
?
From Latin ?s 
Դ  ?s ?s [one] * see  oi-no- ?s [һ] *μ oi-no- 
animus [mind] * see  an- 
animus [뷨] *μ an- 
?
unanimously
adv.ʣ
unanimousness
n.ʣ

= =
unbearable
un.bear.a.ble
AHD:[?n-bar-bl] 
D.J.[Jn6be*r*b*l]
K.K.[Jn6bWr*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
So unpleasant, distasteful, or painful as to be intolerable:
ܵģܵʹģ
unbearable heat.
޷ܵĿ
?
unbearableness
n.ʣ
unbearably
adv.ʣ

= =
uncertain
un.cer.tain
AHD:[?n-s?rtn] 
D.J.[Jn6sT8tn]
K.K.[Jn6sPt2]
adj.ݴʣ
Not known or established; questionable:
δ֪Ļδȷģɵģ
domestic changes of great if uncertain consequences.
δȷصĹڱ仯
Not determined; undecided:
δģδȷģδģ
uncertain plans.
δļƻ
Not having sure knowledge:
סģģģ
an uncertain recollection of the sequence of events.
һϵ¼ģļ
Subject to change; variable:
ױģɱģ
uncertain weather.
ױ
Unsteady; fitful:
ȶģģ
uncertain light.
ĵƹ
?
uncertainly
adv.ʣ
uncertainness
n.ʣ

= =
uncle
un.cle
AHD:[?ngkl] 
D.J.[6J0k*l]
K.K.[6J0k*l]
n.ʣ
Abbr. u.,U.
д u.,U.
The brother of one's mother or father.
˾ˣ岮׻ĸֵ
The husband of one's aunt.
̸ø̻ùõɷ
Used as a form of address for an older man, especially by children.
ڶԳߵĳƺ
A kindly counselor.
ĵҸ
Slang A pawnbroker.
ٵ 
Uncle Uncle Sam.
 Uncle ɽķ
?
cry uncle 
say uncle ʽ
To indicate a willingness to give up a fight or surrender:
ͶԸսͶ
Members of the gang held him down until at last he cried uncle.
һǿסֱͶ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
from Latin avunculus [maternal uncle] * see  awo- 
Դ  avunculus [˾] *μ awo- 
?
uncleless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
uncomfortable
un.com.fort.a.ble
AHD:[?n-k?mfr-t-bl, -k?mft-] 
D.J.[Jn6kJmf*t*b*l, -6kJmft*-]
K.K.[Jn6kJmf*t*b*l, -6kJmft*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Experiencing physical discomfort.
ģ岻ʵ
Ill at ease; uneasy.
ִٲģ
Causing anxiety; disquieting.
ǵģĵ
?
uncomfortableness
n.ʣ
uncomfortably
adv.ʣ

= =
unconscious
un.con.scious
AHD:[?n-k?nshs] 
D.J.[Jn6kKn.*s]
K.K.[Jn6k$n.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception; not conscious.
ʶģȱʶ͸֪ģʶ
Temporarily lacking consciousness.
ʡµģʱʧȥ֪
Occurring in the absence of conscious awareness or thought:
зģ
unconscious resentment; unconscious fears.
ʶޣʶĿ־
Without conscious control; involuntary or unintended:
ʶ֪ʶƵģԷĻģ
an unconscious mannerism.
ԾĹ
n.ʣ
The division of the mind in psychoanalytic theory containing elements of psychic makeup, such as memories or repressed desires, that are not subject to conscious perception or 
control but that often affect conscious thoughts and behavior.
ʶеһ򣬰֪ÿƵӰʶ˼Ϊأѹֵ
?
unconsciously
adv.ʣ
unconsciousness
n.ʣ

= =
uncover
un.cov.er
AHD:[?n-k?vr] 
D.J.[Jn6kJv*]
K.K.[Jn6kJv+]
v.ʣ
un.cov.ered,un.cov.er.ing,un.cov.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the cover from:
ҿĸӣ
uncovered the saucepan.
ƽ׹
To manifest or disclose; reveal:
֣¶¶
uncovered new evidence.
ʾµ֤
To remove the hat from, as in respect or reverence.
ñ¾ȥñʾ𾴻
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remove a cover.
ҿ
To bare the head in respect or reverence.
ñ¾ñʾ𾴻

= =
under
un.der
AHD:[?ndr] 
D.J.[6Jnd*]
K.K.[6Jnd+]
prep.ʣ
In a lower position or place than:
ڡ棺ڱȡ͵λûطϣ
a rug under a chair.
С̺
To or into a lower position or place than:
ȡ͵λûط
rolled the ball under the couch.

Beneath the surface of:
ڡ£
under the ground; swam under water.
ڵ£εˮ
Beneath the assumed surface or guise of:
ڡļٶ£
traveled under a false name.
ü
Less than; smaller than:
ڣСڣ
The jar's capacity is under three quarts.
̳ӵС
Less than the required amount or degree of:
δδڹ涨̶ȣ
under voting age.
ͶƱ
Inferior to in status or rank:
λȼڡ
nine officers under me at headquarters.
ְܲλҵľŸ
Subject to the authority, rule, or control of:
ڣڡȨͳλ֮£
under a dictatorship.
ڶͳ֮
Subject to the supervision, instruction, or influence of:
ڡָ£ܡļලָӰ죺
under parental guidance.
ڸĸָ֮
Undergoing or receiving the effects of:
ܻܡӰ죺
under constant care.
ܳڻ
Subject to the restraint or obligation of:
ܵԼܡ
under contract.
ܺͬԼ
Within the group or classification of:
ڡȺУ
listed under biology.
ѧ
In the process of:
ڡУ
under discussion.

In view of; because of:
ǵΪ
under these conditions.
Щ
With the authorization of:
Ȩ
under the monarch's seal.
ı֤
Sowed or planted with:
ֻš
an acre under oats.
һӢĶ
Nautical Powered or propelled by:
 ԡΪáƶ
under sail; under steam.
﷫ʻΪ
During the time conventionally assigned to (a sign of the zodiac):
ڡУڡڼ䣺ڴͳڣƵһǶʱ䣺
born under Aries.
ڰ
adv.ʣ
In or into a place below or beneath:
ڻڡλã
struggled in the water but then slipped under.
ˮŻȥ
In or into a subordinate or inferior condition or position.
أµȵأڻ븽ϲ״λ
So as to be covered or enveloped.
Ϊ˱סס
So as to be less than the required amount or degree.
Ϊ˵Ҫ̶
adj.ݴʣ
Located or situated on a lower level or beneath something else:
ģڻһϵƽµģ
the under parts of a machine.
²
Lower in rank, power, or authority; subordinate.
ģ¼ģȼȨ͵ģ
Less than is required or customary:
ٵģҪĻͨģ
an under dose of medication.
ٵҩ
?
out from underʽ
Having gotten free of worries or difficulties:
ǻѣ
Credit counseling helped us get out from under.
ѯʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  ?dher- 
Դ Ӣ *μ ?dher- 

= =
underestimate
un.der.es.ti.mate
AHD:[?ndr-st-m3t] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6est*7me!t]
K.K.[7Jnd+6Wst*7met]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
un.der.es.ti.mat.ed,un.der.es.ti.mat.ing,un.der.es.ti.mates 
To make too low an estimate of the quantity, degree, or worth of.
ԡ۹ͣ͹ơ̶Ȼֵ
n.ʣ
AHD:[-st-m1t] 
An estimate that is or proves to be too low.
͹Ʋ㣬
?
underestimation
n.ʣ

= =
undergo
un.der.go
AHD:[?ndr-g?] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6g*&]
K.K.[7Jnd+6go]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
un.der.went[-wnt] un.der.gone[-g?n, -g?n] un.der.go.ing,un.der.goes[-g?z]  
To pass through; experience:

a house that is undergoing renovations.See Synonyms at experience 
޵ķӲμ experience
To endure; suffer:
ܣܣ
undergo great hardship.
޴Ŀ

= =
undergraduate
un.der.grad.u.ate
AHD:[?ndr-gr2j?-1t] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6gr#d9u8!t]
K.K.[7Jnd+6gr#d9u!t]
n.ʣ
A college or university student who has not yet received a bachelor's or similar degree.
ѧδõѧʿѧλĴѧ
A high-school student who has not yet received a diploma.
δõƾĸ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of undergraduates:
ѧģ
undergraduate courses; undergraduate humor.
ѧУγ̣ѧƵĬ
Having the standing of an undergraduate:
ѧݣдѧݵģ
an undergraduate transfer student.
һѧУתѧѧ

= =
underground
un.der.ground
AHD:[?ndr-ground] 
D.J.[6Jnd*7gra&nd]
K.K.[6Jnd+7gra&nd]
adj.ݴʣ
Situated, occurring, or operating below the surface of the earth:
µģλڵµġڵ·ģ
underground caverns; underground missile sites.
¶Ѩµ
Hidden or concealed; clandestine:
εĻصģܵģ
underground resistance to the tyrant.
Աֿܵ
Of or relating to an organization involved in secret or illegal activity:
ģܵģйأܻǷ֯ģ
underground trade in weapons.
ܾ֯
Of or relating to an avant-garde movement or its films, publications, and art, usually privately produced and of special appeal and often concerned with social or artistic experiment.
ȷɵģǰģйأ ǰ˶Ӱģͨ˽ϵ
n.ʣ
A clandestine, often nationalist, organization fostering or planning hostile activities against, or the overthrow of, a government in power, such as an occupying military government:
֯һƻԻ߸ʵʩռľȵжжܵ֯
an underground of dissident intellectuals(Kenneth L. Woodward)
֪ʶӵĵ֯(˼L.ֵ)
Chiefly British A subway system.
Ӣ ϵͳ
An avant-garde movement or publication.
ǰ˶ǰ˶
adv.ʣ
AHD:[?ndr-ground] 
Below the surface of the earth.
ڵ
In secret; stealthily.
ܵأ͵͵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
un.der.ground.ed,un.der.ground.ing,un.der.grounds 
To situate under the ground:
ڵ£
workers undergrounding telephone lines.
õµ绰ߵĹ

= =
underline
un.der.line
AHD:[?ndr-lon, ?ndr-lon] 
D.J.[6Jnd*7la!n, 7Jnd*6la!n]
K.K.[6Jnd+7la!n, 7Jnd+6la!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
un.der.lined,un.der.lin.ing,un.der.lines 
To draw a line under; emphasize or cause to stand out; underscore.
ڡ£ǿʹͻǿ
To emphasize; stress.
ǿ
n.ʣ
AHD:[?ndr-lon] 
A line under something, such as a symbol, word, or phrase, used to indicate emphasis or italic type.
»ߣڷţʻµߣԱʾǿбӡ

= =
underlying
un.der.ly.ing
AHD:[?ndr-lo1ng] 
D.J.[6Jnd*7la!!0]
K.K.[6Jnd+7la!!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Lying under or beneath something:
λĳ֮µģ
underlying strata.
²
Basic; fundamental.
ģ
Present but not obvious; implicit:
ֵԵģģ
an underlying meaning.
Ǳڵ
Taking precedence; prior:
ȡȵģҪģ
an underlying financial claim.
ȵĲҪ

= =
undermine
un.der.mine
AHD:[?ndr-mon] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6ma!n]
K.K.[7Jnd+6ma!n]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
un.der.mined,un.der.min.ing,un.der.mines 
To weaken by wearing away a base or foundation:
ʴͨĥ
Water has undermined the stone foundations.
ˮʯͷ
To weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly; sap:
𻵣ƻ˺𺦣𽥵ػ΢أʹ˥
Late hours can undermine one's health.
˯𺦽
To dig a mine or tunnel beneath.
ڿ

= =
underneath
un.der.neath
AHD:[?ndr-n?th] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6ni8G]
K.K.[7Jnd+6niG]
adv.ʣ
In or to a place beneath; below.
棬ڵ££ڻŵµĵص㣻
On the lower face or underside.
棬²
prep.ʣ
Under; below; beneath.
ڡ֮£
Under the power or control of.
ڡ棺ڡ쵼
adj.ݴʣ
Lower; under.
ϵ͵ģ
n.ʣ
The part or side below or under.
²ײĲֻԵ
?
Middle English undernethe 
йӢ undernethe 
from Old English underneothan 
Դ Ӣ underneothan 
under [under] * see  under 
under [] *μ under
neothan [below] * see  beneath 
neothan [] *μ beneath

= =
understand
un.der.stand
AHD:[?ndr-st2nd] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6st#nd]
K.K.[7Jnd+6st#nd]
v.ʣ
un.der.stood[-st?d] un.der.stand.ing,un.der.stands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To perceive and comprehend the nature and significance of; grasp.See Synonyms at apprehend 
⣻ã֪˽⡭ʺҪԣμ apprehend
To know thoroughly by close contact or long experience with:
֪ͨͨнӴȫ֪
That teacher understands children.
λʦ˽⺢
To grasp or comprehend the meaning intended or expressed by (another):
֪⣺򶮵ɣһˣĻ˼
They have trouble with English, but I can understand them.
ǶѧӢѣ
To comprehend the language, sounds, form, or symbols of.
⣺ԡʽͷ
To know and be tolerant or sympathetic toward:
½⣺֪Ͷԡͻͬ飺
I can understand your point of view even though I disagree with it.
ʹҲͬĹ۵㵫½
To learn indirectly, as by hearsay:
֪˵ӻϤͨ;˵
I understand his departure was unexpected.
˵뿪ǳϵ
To infer:
ƶϣ룺
Am I to understand you are staying the night?
Ҳ£?
To accept (something) as an agreed fact:
ΪȻԶΪͬʵܣĳ£
It is understood that the fee will be 50 dollars.
ͽ50ԪȻ
To supply or add (words or a meaning, for example) mentally.
ѡΪΪṩ루һЩʻ壩
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have understanding, knowledge, or comprehension.
⣬ã֪ʶ˽
To have sympathy or tolerance.
ʾͬ½
To learn something indirectly or secondhand; gather.
˵ӵػڶֵػϤĳ£Ѽ
?
Middle English understanden 
йӢ understanden 
from Old English understandan 
Դ Ӣ understandan 
under- [under-] 
under- [ǰ׺under-] 
standan [to stand] * see  st3- 
standan [վ] *μ st3- 
?
understandability
n.ʣ
understandable
adj.ݴʣ
understandably
adv.ʣ

= =
understanding
un.der.stand.ing
AHD:[?ndr-st2nd1ng] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6st#nd!0]
K.K.[7Jnd+6st#nd!0]
n.ʣ
The quality or condition of one who understands; comprehension.
˽⣻⣺˵Ʒʺ
The faculty by which one understands; intelligence.See Synonyms at reason 
ĳ˽μ reason
Individual or specified judgment or outlook; opinion.
˿⣺˵Ļ涨жϻ۵㣻۵
A compact implicit between two or more people or groups.
ĵĹ涨ˡ˻Ⱥ֮Ĭ
The matter implicit in such a compact.
涨е
A reconciliation of differences; a state of agreement:
½⣬Эĺͽ⣻ͬ״̬
They finally reached an understanding.
½
A disposition to appreciate or share the feelings and thoughts of others; sympathy.
ͬ飬˽⣺û˵ĸо˼飻ͬ
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by or having comprehension, good sense, or discernment.
ģжģԾõжͶΪص
Compassionate; sympathetic.
ͬĵģͬ
?
understandingly
adv.ʣ

= =
undertake
un.der.take
AHD:[?ndr-t3k] 
D.J.[7Jnd*6te!k]
K.K.[7Jnd+6tek]
v.ʣ
un.der.took[-t?k] un.der.tak.en,un.der.tak.ing,un.der.takes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do:
£Լа죻ͬȥ
undertake a task.
ʼһ
To pledge or commit (oneself) to:
еܣ֤Լ
undertake oneself to care for an elderly relative.
Լе곤
To set about; begin.
֣ʼ
Obsolete To accept combat with.
 롭ս
v.intr.Archaic ﶯʣ 
To make oneself responsible. Used withfor.  
𣬵for  

= =
undertaking
un.der.tak.ing
AHD:[?ndr-t3k1ng] 
D.J.[6Jnd*7te!k!0]
K.K.[6Jnd+7tek!0]
n.ʣ
A task or an assignment undertaken; a venture.
񣻳еҵ
A guaranty, an engagement, or a promise.
֤Լŵ
The profession or duties of a funeral director.
ɥˣҵɥָߵְҵ

= =
undo
un.do
AHD:[?n-d?] 
D.J.[Jn6du8]
K.K.[Jn6du]
v.ʣ
un.did[-d1d] un.done[-d?n] un.do.ing[-d?1ng] un.does[-d?z]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To reverse or erase; annul:
תȡ
impossible to undo the suffering caused by the war.
սʹ
To untie, disassemble, or loosen:
⿪жɿ
undo a shoelace.
⿪Ь
To open (a parcel, for example); unwrap.
򿪣⿪
To cause the ruin or downfall of; destroy.
ٻƻٻ˥ܣ
To throw into confusion; unsettle.
ʹʹңҡ
Obsolete To solve or interpret; unravel.
 ͣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To come open or unfastened.
򿪻ɿ
?
undoer
n.ʣ

= =
uneasy
un.eas.y
AHD:[?n-?z?] 
D.J.[Jn6i8zi8]
K.K.[Jn6izi]
adj.ݴʣ
un.eas.i.er,un.eas.i.est 
Lacking a sense of security; anxious or apprehensive:
ĵģ񲻰ģȱȫеģǵĻĵģ
The farmers were uneasy until it finally rained.
ũһֱֱΪֹ
Affording no ease or reassurance:
׵ģûṩʻݵģ
an uneasy calm.
ѵõİ
Awkward or unsure in manner; constrained:
ڵģڷʽӦĻްյģǿȵģ
uneasy with strangers.
İһ
Causing constraint or awkwardness:
ȵģεģǿȸлȵģ
an uneasy silence.
˾ִٵļž
Not conducive to rest:
ʵģϢģ
fell into a fitful, uneasy sleep.
һĲ˯
?
unease  
uneasiness
n.ʣ
uneasily
adv.ʣ

= =
unemployment
un.em.ploy.ment
AHD:[?nm-ploimnt, -1m-] 
D.J.[7Jnem6pl%!m*nt, -!m-]
K.K.[7JnWm6pl%!m*nt, -!m-]
n.ʣ
The state of being unemployed, especially involuntarily.
ʧҵ״̬δҵ״̬ǷԸԵ
The percentage or number of people who are involuntarily unemployed:
ʧҵʣԸʧҵ˿ڵֻʣ
Unemployment has been shrinking throughout the recovery.
ս׶ΣʧҵѾʼ½
Unemployment compensation.
ʧҵȼãʧҵ

= =
unexpected
un.ex.pect.ed
AHD:[?n1k-spkt1d] 
D.J.[7Jn!k6spekt!d]
K.K.[7Jn!k6spWkt!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Coming without warning; unforeseen.
ģɸıģûԤ֪ģδԤ
?
unexpectedly
adv.ʣ
unexpectedness
n.ʣ

= =
unfair
un.fair
AHD:[?n-far] 
D.J.[Jn6fe*]
K.K.[Jn6fWr]
adj.ݴʣ
un.fair.er,un.fair.est 
Not just or evenhanded; biased:
ƽģĻǲƫеģƫģ
an unfair call by an umpire.
ٲĲҪ
Contrary to laws or conventions, especially in commerce; unethical:
ģ뷨ɻ෴ģָҵϣǵµģ
unfair trading.
ϵĽ
?
unfairly
adv.ʣ
unfairness
n.ʣ

= =
unfold
un.fold
AHD:[?n-f?ld] 
D.J.[Jn6f*&ld]
K.K.[Jn6fold]
v.ʣ
un.fold.ed,un.fold.ing,un.folds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To open and spread out (something folded); extend.
չ򿪣򿪻̿۵չ
To remove the coverings from; disclose to view.
̯ӡȥ֣ҿ
To reveal gradually by written or spoken explanation; make known.
չ֣¶ͨͷ𲽽ʾʹ֪
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become spread out; open out:
չſ̿򿪣
Spring flowers unfolded everywhere.
ĻĴ
To develop, as if by spreading out:
չչ̿һķչ
A brilliant career unfolded.
չĹҵ
To be revealed gradually to the understanding:
¶𲽱ʾ˽⣺
The solution to the problem unfolded as they spoke.
ǷʱĽͳ
?
unfoldment
n.ʣ

= =
unfortunate
un.for.tu.nate
AHD:[?n-f?rch-n1t] 
D.J.[Jn6f%8t.*n!t]
K.K.[Jn6f%rt.*n!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by undeserved bad luck; unlucky.
ҵģùģӦõĻΪģҵ
Causing misfortune; disastrous.
ģģҵģԵ
Regrettable; deplorable:
ϧģ̾ģ
an unfortunate lack of good manners.
ϧȱ÷
n.ʣ
A victim of bad luck.
ҵ
?
unfortunately
adv.ʣ
unfortunateness
n.ʣ
?
unfortunate,hapless,ill-fated,ill-starred,luckless,unlucky
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is marked by, affected by, or promising bad fortune: 
ЩݴʵǡԻΪ־ġӰΪԤʾ˵ġ 
an unfortunate turn of events;
Ĳ
a hapless victim;
ùܺߣ
an ill-fated business venture;
ҵҵðգ
an ill-starred romance;
ҵðչ£
a luckless prisoner of war;
սﷸ
an unlucky accident. fortunate 
һҵ¹ fortunate

= =
unhappy
un.hap.py
AHD:[?n-h2p?] 
D.J.[Jn6h#pi8]
K.K.[Jn6h#pi]
adj.ݴʣ
un.hap.pi.er,un.hap.pi.est 
Not happy or joyful; sad or sorrowful:
ҸĻ򲻿ֵģ˵Ļĵģ
unhappy over his friend's departure.
ȥ
Not satisfied; displeased or discontented:
ģĻģ
unhappy with her raise.

Not attended by or bringing good fortune; unlucky.
ûȡû˵ģҵ
Not suitable; inappropriate:
ʺϵģʵģ
an unhappy choice of words.
ʵĲѡ
?
unhappily
adv.ʣ
unhappiness
n.ʣ

= =
unify
u.ni.fy
AHD:[y?n-fo] 
D.J.[6ju8n*7fa!]
K.K.[6jun*7fa!]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
u.ni.fied[-fod] u.ni.fy.ing,u.ni.fies[-foz]  
To make into or become a unit; consolidate.
ͳһʹһ壺Ϊɵ壻ͳһ
?
French unifier 
 unifier 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ?3re} 
Դ  ?3re} 
Latin ?- [uni-] 
 ?- [ǰ׺һ] 
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [׺ʹɡ] 
?
unifiable
adj.ݴʣ
unification
AHD:[-f1-k3shn] ʣ
unifier
n.ʣ

= =
uniform
u.ni.form
AHD:[y?n-f?rm] 
D.J.[6ju8n*7f%8m]
K.K.[6jun*7f%rm]
adj.ݴʣ
Always the same, as in character or degree; unvarying.
ͬģһģģʻ̶ϣһģ
Conforming to one principle, standard, or rule; consistent.
һɵģͳһ׼ģͳһһԭ׼һµ
Being the same as or consonant with another or others.
ȫͬģһһĻһµ
Unvaried in texture, color, or design.See Synonyms at steady 
ʵģ֯ɫʻһĲμ steady
n.ʣ
A distinctive outfit intended to identify those who wear it as members of a specific group.
Ʒһɫ·ԽΪضȺĳԱʶ
One set of such an outfit.
һ·
v.tr.ﶯʣ
u.ni.formed,u.ni.form.ing,u.ni.forms 
To make (something) uniform.
ʹĳ£һʹһɻ
To provide or dress with a uniform.
ṩƷ
?
Latin ?s 
 ?s ?- [uni-] ?- [ǰ׺һ] 
forma [shape] 
forma [״] 
?
uniformity  
uniformness
n.ʣ
uniformly
adv.ʣ

= =
union
un.ion
AHD:[y?nyn] 
D.J.[6ju8nj*n]
K.K.[6junj*n]
n.ʣ
The act of uniting or the state of being united.
ϣϵжϵ״̬
A combination so formed, especially an alliance or confederation of people, parties, or political entities for mutual interest or benefit.
֯壺γɵϣָΪ໥ʵ˻ͬ
Mathematics A set, every member of which is an element of one or another of two or more given sets.
ѧ һϣÿһҪеһһҪ
Agreement or harmony resulting from the uniting of individuals; concord.See Synonyms at unity 
ŽᣬǢԴϵЭһ²μ unity
The state of matrimony; marriage:
״̬飺
The element that was to make possible such a union was trust in each other's love(Kate Chopin)
Ա˴֮İβŴٳԼ(ءФ)
Sexual intercourse.
Խ
A combination of parishes for joint administration of relief for the poor in Great Britain.
ȼƶĽ֯֯ΪϹԴеƶľȼö
A workhouse maintained by such a union.
άֵļƶԺ
A labor union.

A coupling device for connecting parts, such as pipes or rods.
֣ܽڣ豸ܵ
A device on a flag or an ensign, occupying the upper inner corner or the entire field, that signifies the union of two or more sovereignties.
ģӻϵ豸ռϽǻ򣬱ʾȨ
Often Union 
  Union 
An organization at a college or university that provides facilities for recreation; a student union.
ѧֲ磺ΪṩѧԺѧ֯ѧְ
A building housing such facilities.
ֲݣṩĽ
Union The United States of America regarded as a national unit, especially during the Civil War.
 Union Ϊϵָս
adj.ݴʣ
Union Of, relating to, or loyal to the United States of America during the Civil War:
 Union ģڡйػսеģ
a Union cause; a Union soldier.
ҵսʿ
Of or relating to a labor union or labor union organizing:
ģڻйع򹤻֯ģ
the union movement; union negotiations.
˶Э
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin ??}  ?ni?n- 
Դ  ??}  ?ni?n- 
from Latin ?s [one] * see  oi-no- 
Դ  ?s [һ] *μ oi-no- 
?
Union
Union
NONE޴ԣ
A community of northeast New Jersey west-northwest of Elizabeth. Settled c. 1749 by colonists from Connecticut, it is a manufacturing center. Population, 50,024.
λɯһɿҸֳؿ1749꽨ҵġ˿50,024

= =
unique
u.nique
AHD:[y?-n?k] 
D.J.[ju86ni8k]
K.K.[ju6nik]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the only one of its kind:
ΨһģеģΪΨһģ
the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting.See Synonyms at single 
ָμ single
Without an equal or equivalent; unparalleled.
һ޶ģûȵĻ൱ģǰδе
Characteristic of a particular category, condition, or locality:
صģ͡طصģ
a problem unique to coastal areas.
ں
Informal Unusual; extraordinary:
ʽ ƽģرģ
spoke with a unique accent.
öصǻ˵
?
French 
 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?s * see  oi-no- 
Դ  ?s *μ oi-no- 
?
uniquely
adv.ʣ
uniqueness
n.ʣ
?
Over the course of the centuryunique  has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, 
somewhat,  or quite.   Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique  or more unique than  something else, though phrases such asnearly 
unique  and almost unique  are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene  was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage 
Panel.  Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, 
fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect,  and unanimous.   According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a 
qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique  is properly used to mean without equal or equivalent, something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique  and more unique  
can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like unusual or distinctive. It is true that comparison and modification ofunique  are often associated with the 
style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique  or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's 
patented.   But modification ofunique  is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of 
Beckman's self-portraits,   and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco.   The relative acceptability of these usages reflects 
the semantic subtlety ofunique  itself. If we were to useunique  only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince 
nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to 
certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in 
pigments whose names begin with the lettero;  and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that 
has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or 
restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique  is not that the word has become a 
synonym for unusual.   Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its 
decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically  unique, 
they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the 
abuse ofunique  can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors,   
we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique  
should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from 
all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 
ڱunique ѳΪɳ̶ȸʣ verysomewhat  quite Ƚϻεһ֤ ˣ﷨ѧΪ˵ĳvery unique  more unique 
than ǲȷģ Ȼnearly unique  almost unique ǿɽܵġ ĵУHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene ֽ
ʽĳǺܶصģ ÷רʹСİٷ֮ʮԱǲɽܵġ ԴıȽϺͳ̶εҪ׷18ͣѹ㷺õݴУequal, 
fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect  unanimous  ݱ׼۾ݣЩʱʾһлûепεĳ̶ȵʡunique ʵڱʾûȻ൱ġ
ĳΨһĻΨһģ very unique  more unique ܱ¶˵ĳ񡰲Ѱġ򡰶صġļ ȷunique ıȽϺγ׫ϲ
ϵ ڹгOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more uniqueǵصĲ͹ǸӶأ  So unique, it's patented
˶أȡרȨ  unique ҲҵƷз֣ ȱŷκκ塣һͻΪthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits
صıԻ񣩣  һλChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco֥ӸŦԼɽɽǲѷصУ  Щ
÷ԿɽԷӳunique  ǽ߼ϸ׼ʹunique  ڻɵذѴʹϵκ£Ϊûȫͬһ
¡ǣȻ˵͹ݻͻǶصʱζŸĳĵձܵоֵðһȼڵġǺصͻʵֿǰδе
͵ģǽĸOʼϣ  صĲ͹ݿܸԭʳṩ18ͷȵĲ͹ݣ䱸תɳͷʳƷĲ͹ݡ˽⣬
Ϊ̶ⲻǱͲܵģһͻһ͹ݻٿǼõмֵں׫ʹunique Ǵ˵ѳΪ unusual 
ͬʡ ෴أ׫ʹô˵ܵ߼һ¡Բ͹ƶĲû˵ĳЩҪʣ߶ǳȥùݽΪкĶһ޶
رµľȻʹЩlogically صĿʵģ ǵ˷࣬ƽʵеоݰЩŵһ࣬ǲĻʵ
unique ûʹ˷壬ʹû漰λȽϵʱ Ƕ˶װunique selection of colorsɫĶѡ һйʱ ǻỳɫѡĶ
ǹϣΪôԡؾunique Щ÷ӦҵκͱȽϣ һοԳϣָκβƷеľ
Ƚĳ̶ֳȵɫÿһСĴпԿԵǱȻᷢĲμ equal,infinite,parallel,perfect

= =
unit
u.nit
AHD:[y?n1t] 
D.J.[6ju8n!t]
K.K.[6jun!t]
n.Abbr. u.ʣд u.
An individual, a group, a structure, or other entity regarded as an elementary structural or functional constituent of a whole.
λ塢һȺ֯ͳһ壬ĻṹĻܵɲ
A group regarded as a distinct entity within a larger group.
С飺һȺΪǸȺ
A mechanical part or module.
е
An entire apparatus or the equipment that performs a specific function.
װã豸ʵضܵ豸
A precisely specified quantity in terms of which the magnitudes of other quantities of the same kind can be stated.
λȷ涨ͬĴС
Medicine The quantity of a vaccine, serum, drug, or other agent necessary to produce a specific effect.
ҽѧ ҪضЧӦ硢Һҩ
A fixed amount of scholastic study used as a basis for calculating academic credits, usually measured in hours of classroom instruction or laboratory work.
ϿʱѧֵѧϰѧоĹ̶רԺУѧֵĻͨҽʵҹСʱ
A section of an academic course focusing on a selected theme:
ѧԪѡĿרԺУγ̵һΣ
a unit on Native Americans.
˵Ԫ
The number immediately to the left of the decimal point in the Arabic numeral system.
λڰϵͳнСߵ
Mathematics The lowest positive whole number.
ѧ С
?
Back-formation from unity 
Դ unity湹

= =
unite
u.nite
AHD:[y?-not] 
D.J.[ju86na!t]
K.K.[ju6na!t]
v.ʣ
u.nit.ed,u.nit.ing,u.nites 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bring together so as to form a whole.
ϣõһγ
To combine (people) in interest, attitude, or action:
ϣȤ̬ȻΪϣǣ
the love that unites humanity(Germaine Greer)
Ǳ˴֮İʹԽϡ(ȶ)
To join (a couple) in marriage.
飺ڻнɣһԣ
To cause to adhere.

To have or demonstrate in combination:
У汸л֤У
She unites common sense with vision.
볣ʶϵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become or seem to become joined, formed, or combined into a unit.
ϣɻƺϡγɻϳ
To join and act together in a common purpose or endeavor.See Synonyms at join 
Ž᣺ڹͬĿĻŬϺжһμ join
To be or become bound together by adhesion.
ϣϣͨճŽϵһ
?
Middle English uniten 
йӢ uniten 
from Latin ?ore}  ?not- 
Դ  ?ore}  ?not- 
from ?s [one] * see  oi-no- 
Դ ?s [һ] *μ oi-no- 

= =
unity
u.ni.ty
AHD:[y?n1-t?] 
D.J.[6ju8n!ti8]
K.K.[6jun!ti]
n.ʣ
 u.ni.ties 
The state or quality of being one; singleness.
壻һһ״̬ʣһ
The state or quality of being in accord; harmony.
ЭΪһµ״̬ʣ
The combination or arrangement of parts into a whole; unification.
ͳһֽϻųһ壻ͳһ
A combination or union thus formed.
ʽĽϻ
Singleness or constancy of purpose or action; continuity:
һԣԣĿĻжĵһ򾭾ò䣻
In an army you need unity of purpose(Emmeline Pankhurst)
ھҪòĿꡱ(֡˿˺˹)
An ordering of all elements in a work of art or literature so that each contributes to a unified aesthetic effect.
ϣѧƷҪصİţʹÿһҪسеͳһЧ
The effect thus produced.
Ч
One of the three principles of dramatic structure derived by French neoclassicists from Aristotle'sPoetics,  stating that a drama should have but one plot, which should take place in a 
single day and be confined to a single locale. 
һɣϷṹԭ֮һɷ¹ŵߴ˹µʫ óΪϷֻӦһڣӦһ췢һ 
Mathematics 
ѧ 
The number 1.
Ŀ1
See  identity element 
μ  identity element
?
Middle English unite 
йӢ unite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?3s} 
Դ  ?3s} 
from ?s [one] * see  oi-no- 
Դ ?s [һ] *μ oi-no- 
?
unity,union,solidarity
These nouns denote the condition of accord resulting from an identity or coincidence of interests, purposes, or sympathies among the members of a group.
ЩʱʾһµʶһȺĳԱеȤĿĻͬ飬
 Unity   implies agreement and collaboration among interdependent, usually varied components: 
 Unity  ζ໥ģͨΪ仯ɲеһºͺ 
Religion . . . calls for the integration of lands and peoples in harmonious unity  (Vine Deloria, Jr.).
ڽ̡ҪЭһغͳϡ С
 Union   connotes harmony, cohesiveness, and often unanimity among individuals united in a whole: 
 Union  ζϳĸЭġܽһͨһͬ⣺ 
All your strength is in your union./All your danger is in discord  (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).
еʵǵС/еΣմڲС ߵ˹ʷޣ
 Solidarity   refers to the community of objectives and responsibilities that enables a group of people to think and act as one: 
 Solidarity  ָʹһȺһ˼жĿεһ£ 
A downtrodden class . . . will never be able to make an effective protest until it achieves solidarity  (H.G. Wells).
 ѹȵĽ׼γЧĿֱŽһΪֹ (HG˹

= =
universal
u.ni.ver.sal
AHD:[y?n-v?rsl] 
D.J.[7ju8n*6vT8s*l]
K.K.[7jun*6vPs*l]
adj.Abbr. univ.ݴʣд univ.
Of, relating to, extending to, or affecting the entire world or all within the world; worldwide:
ȫģԵģڡйءչӰڵģ緶Χģ
This discovery of literature has as yet only partially penetrated the universal consciousness(Ellen Key)
ѧֵĿǰΪֹв緶Χʶ(ס)
Including, relating to, or affecting all members of the class or group under consideration:
ȫģͬģйػӰǵĵȼȺгԱģ
the universal skepticism of philosophers.See Synonyms at general 
ѧҵձ黳۲μ general
Applicable or common to all purposes, conditions, or situations:
ձģڻͬĿġģ
a universal remedy.
ձ
Of or relating to the universe or cosmos; cosmic.
ģڻйģ
Knowledgeable about or constituting all or many subjects; comprehensively broad.
ѧŵģڻлѧ֪ʶģĹ
Adapted or adjustable to many sizes or mechanical uses.
ͨõģʺڻߴе;
Logic Encompassing all of the members of a class or group. Used of a proposition.
߼ѧ ȫƵģȺеĳԱ
n.ʣ
Logic 
߼ѧ 
A universal proposition.
ȫ
A general or abstract concept or term considered absolute or axiomatic.
һձĻĸΪǾԵĻ
A general or widely held principle, concept, or notion.
һԣձػ㷺رֵԭ򡢸ͼ
A trait or pattern of behavior characteristic of all the members of a particular culture or of all human beings.
еʣΪƷʺͰĻԱȫΪ
?
universally
adv.ʣ
universalness
n.ʣ

= =
universe
u.ni.verse
AHD:[y?n-v?rs] 
D.J.[6ju8n*7vT8s]
K.K.[6jun*7vPs]
n.ʣ
All matter and energy, including Earth, the galaxies and all therein, and the contents of intergalactic space, regarded as a whole.
棺һʺΪһĵ򣬸ϵݵ壬ϵռ
The earth together with all its inhabitants and created things.
磺оסߺͱ
The human race.

The sphere or realm in which something exists or takes place.
ĳһڻĿռ
Logic See  universe of discourse 
߼ѧ μ  universe of discourse
Statistics See  population 
ͳѧ μ  population 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French univers 
Դ ŷ univers 
from Latin ?m [from neuter of] ?niversus [whole] 
Դ  ?m  [] Դ?niversusԴ [ģ] ?s [one] * see  oi-no- ?s [һ] *μ oi-no- 
versus [past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
versus  [] vertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2

= =
university
u.ni.ver.si.ty
AHD:[y?n-v?rs1-t?] 
D.J.[7ju8n*6vT8s!ti8]
K.K.[7jun*6vPs!ti]
n.ʣ
 u.ni.ver.si.ties д univ.,Univ.,U.,U
An institution for higher learning with teaching and research facilities constituting a graduate school and professional schools that award master's degrees and doctorates and an 
undergraduate division that awards bachelor's degrees.
ۺԣѧߵȽѧоԱʩ˶ʿͲʿѧλһоԺרҵѧԺԼѧʿѧλһԺ
The buildings and grounds of such an institution.
ѧУ԰һĽͲٳ
The body of students and faculty of such an institution.
ѧʦһѧͽԱܳ
?
Middle English universite 
йӢ universite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin ?3s} 
Դ  ?3s} 
from Latin [the whole, a corporate body] 
Դ  [ȫ壬һϵ] 
from ?s [whole] * see  universe 
Դ ?s [ģȫ] *μ universe
?
The universe in the worduniversity  is not the universe as we know it, thoughuniversity  is derived from the ancestor of our word universe.   This ancestor, Latin?,  was made up of ?,  
one, and versus,  in a specified direction. Us  thus literally meant in one specified direction but actually meant the whole of, entire, and regarded as a whole, regarded 
as a group.U,  the neuter singular of ?,   used as a noun, meant the universe,as did the derivative?3s,}  which also meant a corporate body of persons, community.  During 
the Middle Ages, when Latin continued to be used in areas such as government, religion, and education,the word?3s}  was applied to the new corporate bodies of teachers and students, 
as at Salerno, Paris, and Oxford, that were the ancestors of our universities of today.Our worduniversity,  going back to the Latin word, is first recorded around 1300, with reference to 
this corporate body.
University һеġuniverse֪ʣ Ȼuniversity ǵ universe ʵǰġ һǰеuniversus ɱʾһ
 unus ͱʾĳһضķ򡱵 versus ɵġ Universus ϵ˼˾ǡһضķ򡱣 ʵʵ˼ȴǡȫ͡Ϊһ
ģΪһȺġUniversum  universus Եʽ ʱָ桱ͬuniversitas ҲָһȺ˵壬š ͣļ
ڽ̺ͽõʹãuniversitas ʱָɽʦѧɵ壬ŵţֵ壬 弴ǽ
Ĵѧʽǽuniversity ʿݵʣ ״α¼ڴԼ1300꣬ʱָ

= =
unjust
un.just
AHD:[?n-j?st] 
D.J.[Jn6d9Jst]
K.K.[Jn6d9Jst]
adj.ݴʣ
Violating principles of justice or fairness; unfair:
ƽģΥƽԭģģ
monstrously unjust and socially harmful(Anna Garlin Spencer)
Ϊĺкġ(ȡ֡˹)
Archaic Faithless; dishonest.
 õģʵ
?
unjustly
adv.ʣ
unjustness
n.ʣ

= =
unkind
un.kind
AHD:[?n-kond] 
D.J.[Jn6ka!nd]
K.K.[Jn6ka!nd]
adj.ݴʣ
un.kind.er,un.kind.est 
Lacking kindness; inconsiderate or unsympathetic.
ģȱģΪ˿ǵĻûͬĵ
Harsh; severe:
ģϿģ
unkind winters.
϶
?
unkindness
n.ʣ

= =
unknown
un.known
AHD:[?n-n?n] 
D.J.[Jn6n*&n]
K.K.[Jn6non]
adj.ݴʣ
Not known; unfamiliar:
δ֪ģδ֪ģϤģ
a modern-day problem unknown in earlier times.
ڴǰΪִ֪
Not identified or ascertained:
ߣδݵĻδȷģ
received flowers from an unknown admirer.
һ֪ľĽǶյʻ
Not established or verified.
δȷĻ֤ʵ
Not well known or widely known:
ģ֪Ļ򲻹Ϊ֪ģ
an unknown artist.
һλĬĬŵ
n.ʣ
A person or thing that is unknown:
ߣΪ֪˻
the abyss of the unknown(Helena Petrovna Blavatsky)
ߵԨ(ȡ޸ɡߴĻ)
A person who is not well known, as to the general public:
ߣδڣ˽ģ
cast an unknown in the starring role.
һС
Mathematics A quantity of unknown numerical value.
ѧ δֵ֪һ

= =
unless
un.less
AHD:[?n-ls] 
D.J.[Jn6les]
K.K.[Jn6lWs]
conj.Ӵʣ
Except on the condition that; except under the circumstances that:
ˣڡ£ڡ£
Exceptional talent does not always win its reward unless favored by exceptional circumstances(Mary Elizabeth Braddon)
ǵõĻӣܵ˲ӮöܵĻر(ɯס׵)
prep.ʣ
Except for; except.
ˣ
?
Middle English unlesse 
йӢ unlesse 
alteration  influenced by un- [not] 
   un-Ӱ [] 
of onlesse 
 onlesseı仯 
on [on] * see  on 
on [ڡ] *μ on
lesse [less] * see  less 
lesse [ٵ] *μ less

= =
unlike
un.like
AHD:[?n-lok] 
D.J.[Jn6la!k]
K.K.[Jn6la!k]
adj.ݴʣ
Not alike; different:
ģͬģ
For twins, they are very unlike.
Ϊһ˫̥Ǻܲһ
Not equal, as in amount.
ϣԵ
prep.ʣ
Different from; not like:
ڣ
She's unlike the rest of her family.
ͬԱ
Not typical of:
ǡģ
It's unlike him not to call.
绰˵ǲ

= =
unlikely
un.like.ly
AHD:[?n-lokl?] 
D.J.[Jn6la!kli8]
K.K.[Jn6la!kli]
adj.ݴʣ
un.like.li.er,un.like.li.est 
Not likely; improbable.
ܵģ̫ܵģܵ
Not promising; likely to fail.
һаյģǰģܻʧܵ
?
unlikeliness
n.ʣ

= =
unload
un.load
AHD:[?n-l?d] 
D.J.[Jn6l*&d]
K.K.[Jn6lod]
v.ʣ
un.load.ed,un.load.ing,un.loads 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remove the load or cargo from.
ж򴬻ӡж
To discharge (cargo or a load).
жж£
To relieve of something burdensome or oppressive; unburden:
ȥѱصĻѹԵĳӡϽȥĸ
unloaded the donkeys.
¿ԵĶ
To give expression to (one's troubles or feelings); pour forth.
£Լ鷳飩
To remove the charge from (a firearm).
ǹӣȡ
To dispose of, especially by selling in great quantity; dump.
ۣͨ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To discharge a cargo or some other burden.
ж»
?
unloader
n.ʣ

= =
unlucky
un.luck.y
AHD:[?n-l?k?] 
D.J.[Jn6lJki8]
K.K.[Jn6lJki]
adj.ݴʣ
un.luck.i.er,un.luck.i.est 
Subjected to or marked by misfortune.
ҵģܲһвҵ
Resulting or likely to result in misfortune; inauspicious.See Synonyms at unfortunate 
ԵģԲҽĻпԲҽģĲμ unfortunate
Not producing the desired outcome; disappointing.
ʧģûвĽģʧ
?
unluckily
adv.ʣ
unluckiness
n.ʣ

= =
unnecessary
un.nec.es.sar.y
AHD:[?n-ns1-sr?] 
D.J.[Jn6nes!7seri8]
K.K.[Jn6nWs!7sWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Not necessary; needless.
ҪģǱ
?
unnecessarily
AHD:[-sar-l?] ʣ

= =
unpleasant
un.pleas.ant
AHD:[?n-plznt] 
D.J.[Jn6plez*nt]
K.K.[Jn6plWz*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Not pleasing; disagreeable.
˲ģʵ
?
unpleasantly
adv.ʣ

= =
unsatisfactory
un.sat.is.fac.to.ry
AHD:[?n-s2t1s-f2kt-r?] 
D.J.[Jn7s#t!s6f#kt*ri8]
K.K.[Jn7s#t!s6f#kt*ri]
adj.ݴʣ
Not satisfactory; inadequate.
˲ģ
?
unsatisfactorily
adv.ʣ
unsatisfactoriness
n.ʣ

= =
unstable
un.sta.ble
AHD:[?n-st3bl] 
D.J.[Jn6ste!b*l]
K.K.[Jn6steb*l]
adj.ݴʣ
un.sta.bler,un.sta.blest 
Tending strongly to change:
ȶģǿҵڱ仯ģ
unstable weather.
ȶ
Not constant; fluctuating:
ȶģȶģģ
unstable vital signs.
ȶ
Fickle.
ģģĺĵ
Lacking control of one's emotions; characterized by unpredictable behavior.
ҡģȱԼĿƵģΪԤΪ
Not firmly placed; unsteady:
ȵģûзȵģȵģ
an unstable ladder.
һҡҡλε
Chemistry 
ѧ 
Decomposing readily.
ڷֽ
Highly or violently reactive.
ѧʼΪõ
Physics 
ѧ 
Decaying with relatively short lifetime. Used of subatomic particles.
˥ģԽ϶̵˥䣬ԭ
Radioactive.
Ե
?
unstableness
n.ʣ
unstably
adv.ʣ

= =
unsuitable
un.suit.a.ble
AHD:[?n-s?t-bl] 
D.J.[Jn6su8t*b*l]
K.K.[Jn6sut*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not appropriate:
ʵģ
unsuitable attire.
ʵķ
?
unsuitability  
unsuitableness
n.ʣ
unsuitably
adv.ʣ

= =
until
un.til
AHD:[?n-t1l] 
D.J.[Jn6t!l]
K.K.[Jn6t!l]
prep.ʣ
Up to the time of:
ֱʱ
We danced until dawn.
һֱ
Before (a specified time):
ڣĳһضʱ䣩ǰ
She can't leave until Friday.
֮ǰ뿪
Scots Unto; to.
ո ȥ棻ȥ
conj.Ӵʣ
Up to the time that:
ֱʱ
We walked until it got dark.
һֱߵ
Before:
ڡ֮ǰ
You cannot leave until your work is finished.
Ĺǰ㲻뿪
To the point or extent that:
ֱֱĳ̶ȣ
I talked until I was hoarse.See Usage Note at till 2
һֱ˵˻Ʋμ till2
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
un- [up to]  from Old Norse und * see  ant- 
un- [ֱ]  Դ ˹ά und *μ ant- 
til [till] * see  till 2
til [ֱֱ] *μ till2

= =
unusual
un.u.su.al
AHD:[?n-y?zh?-l] 
D.J.[Jn6ju89u8*l]
K.K.[Jn6ju9u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Not usual, common, or ordinary.
һģѰģͨģһ
?
unusually
adv.ʣ
unusualness
n.ʣ

= =
unwilling
un.will.ing
AHD:[?n-w1l1ng] 
D.J.[Jn6w!l!0]
K.K.[Jn6w!l!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Not willing; hesitant or loath:
ԸģԸģԥĻģ
unwilling to face facts.
Ըʵ
Done, given, or said reluctantly:
ԸģԸģģ˵ģ
unwilling consent.
Ըرʾͬ
?
unwillingly
adv.ʣ
unwillingness
n.ʣ

= =
up
up
AHD:[?p] 
D.J.[Jp]
K.K.[Jp]
adv.ʣ
In or to a higher position:
ϵأڻһߵλã
looking up.
̧ͷϿ
In a direction opposite to the center of the earth or a comparable gravitational center:
ϷأĻһ֮Ƚϵķ෴ģ
up from the lunar surface.
Ϸ
In or to an upright position:
ڻһֱλã
sat up in bed.
ڴ
Above a surface:
ڱϵأ
coming up for air.
ð
So as to detach or unearth:
ֿԱж»γ
pulling up weeds.
Ұ
Above the horizon:
ڵƽϣ
as the sun came up.
̫ʱ
Into view or existence:
ɼأڣҰʼڣ
draw up a will.
д
Into consideration:
뿼ǣ
take up a new topic.
ʼһµĻ
In or toward a position conventionally regarded as higher, as on a scale, chart, or map:
λڽϸߵλãڻһڿ̶ȡͼͼΪǸߵһλã
temperatures heading up; up in Canada.
¶ߣڼôϷ
To or at a higher price:
۸ǣһߵļ۸
stocks that are going up.
۸ĹƱ
So as to advance, increase, or improve:
ʹǰӻƣ
Our spirits went up.
ǵ¸
With or to a greater intensity, pitch, or volume:
лǿȡߵأ
turn the sound up.

Into a state of excitement or turbulence:
˷ܻҵ״̬
stir up; rouse up.
ɧ
Completely; entirely:
ȫأ׵أ
drank it up in a gulp; fastened up the coat.
һ¿۵ʵʵ
Used as an intensifier of the action of a verb:
ǿʾĶ
typed up a list.
һ
So as to approach; near:
Աӽأ
came up and kissed me.
ǰ
To a stop:
ͣס
pulled up in front of the station.
ڳվǰͣ
Each; apiece:
ÿһÿһ
The score was tied at 11 up.
ȷΪʮһƽ
Apart; into pieces:
ֿ˺Ƭ
tore it up.
˺
Nautical To windward.
 Ϸ
adj.ݴʣ
Being above a former position or level; higher:
ߵģϸߵģλڱǰߵһλûˮƽģߵģ
My grades are up. The pressure is up.
ҵķˡѹ
Out of bed:
𴲵ģ
was up by seven.
ߵǰ˴
Standing; erect.
վģֱ
Facing upward:
ϵģ
two cards up, one down; the up side of a tossed coin.
ƳϣһƳ£׳һöӲҳϵһ
Raised; lifted:
̧ģģ
a switch in the up position.
λλõĿ
Moving or directed upward:
ƶĻϵģ
an up elevator.
еĵ
Marked by increased excitement or agitation; aroused:
ܵģ߰ģԸ˷ܻ򼤶Ϊģģ
Our fighting spirit was up.
ǵս񱻼
Informal Cheerful; optimistic; upbeat.
ʽ ˵ģֹ۵ģٵ
Slang Happily excited; euphoric:
ٵ ˸߲ҵģģ
After receiving the award, the performer was really up.
ڽ˰佱λϲԽ
Informal Taking place; going on:
ʽ ڷģڽеģ
wondered what was up back home.
֪﷢Щʲô
Being considered; under study:
ڱǵģڱоģ
a contract that is up for renewal.
һڱǷǩĺͬ
Running as a candidate.
Ϊһѡ߲μӾѡ
On trial; charged:
еģָصģ
The defendant is up for manslaughter.
ɱ
Having been finished; over:
˵ģ˵ģ
Your time is up.
ʱ䵽
Informal 
ʽ 
Prepared; ready:
׼˵ģ׼ģ
had to be up for the game.
Ϊⳡ׼
Well informed; abreast:
֪ģеģ
not up on sports.
֪֮
Functioning or capable of functioning normally; operational:
еģתĻܹתģеģ
Their computers are now up.
ǵļڿʼ
Sports Being ahead of one's opponent:
˶ ѡֵģ
up two strokes in golf.
ڸ߶ѡ
Baseball At bat.
 ϳ
As a bet; at stake.
Ϊһעģĵ
Nautical Bound; headed:
 ʻ
a freighter up for Panama.
һҹĻ
prep.ʣ
From a lower to or toward a higher point on:
ߴӡһ͵ĵصߵߵһ㣺
up the hill.
ɽ
Toward or at a point farther along:
λڸԶĳλã
two miles up the road.
·ǰӢﴦ
In a direction toward the source of:
ΣûָԴͷķģ
up the Mississippi.
Ⱥ
Nautical Against:
 롭෴
up the wind.

n.ʣ
An upward slope; a rise.
ϵб£
An upward movement or trend.
ϵ˶
Slang A feeling of excitement or euphoria.
ٵ ˷ܻ˸߲ҵĸо
v.ʣ
upped,up.ping,ups 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To increase:
ӣ
upped their fees; upping our output.
ǵշѣǵĲ
To raise to a higher level, especially to promote to a higher position.
ѡһߵˮƽǰѡһߵְ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To get up; rise.

Informal To act suddenly or unexpectedly:
ʽ ͻȻػϵж
She upped and perjured her immortal soul(Margery Allingham)
ͻȻΪԼ绤ͼα֤֤ǲġ(֥򡤰ֶķ)
?
on the up-and-up 
on the up and up ʽ
Open and honest.
ĺͳʵ
up against
Confronted with; facing:
ԣ
up against a strong opponent.
һǿĶ
up to
Occupied with, especially devising or scheming:
æڣǲ߻ı
a prowler up to no good.
ĴѰ٣ͼıļһ
Able to do or deal with:
Ը
didn't feel up to a long drive.
޷ܳһ·ĳ
Dependent on:

The success of this project is up to us.
Ŀĳɰȡ
As long as:

allowed up to two hours to finish the test.
ѧСʱɿ
As many as:

seed that yields up to 300 bushels per acre.
ÿӢĶܲʽ
?
Middle English up [upward] 
йӢ up [ϣأ] 
uppe [on high] 
uppe [߸ϵ] 
both from Old English * see  upo 
Դ Ӣ *μ upo 
?
UP
UP
abbr.
 Underproof. 
Underproof.

= =
up-to-date
up-to-date
AHD:[?pt-d3t] 
D.J.[7Jpt*6de!t]
K.K.[7Jpt*6det]
adj.ݴʣ
Informed of or reflecting the latest information or changes:
ֱģ֪ӳϢ仯ģ
an up-to-date timetable.
µʱ䰲ű
Being in accord with the latest ideas, improvements, or styles:
µģ˵ģµĹ۵㣬ʱһ£
up-to-date technology; up-to-date fashions.
¼ʱ
?
up-to-dateness
n.ʣ

= =
update
up.date
AHD:[?p-d3t] 
D.J.[Jp6de!t]
K.K.[Jp6det]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
up.dat.ed,up.dat.ing,up.dates 
To bring up to date:
£ʹʱ
update a textbook; update the files.
¿αµ
n.ʣ
AHD:[?pd3t] 
Information that updates.
£ϢϢ
The act or an instance of bringing up to date.
µΪ

= =
upgrade
up.grade
AHD:[?pgr3d] 
D.J.[6Jp7gre!d]
K.K.[6Jp7gred]
v.ʣ
up.grad.ed,up.grad.ing,up.grades 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise to a higher grade or standard:
ߣѡߵһߵˮƽ׼
upgrading their military defenses.
ǵľ·ˮƽ
To improve the quality of (livestock) by selective breeding for desired characteristics.
ƷʣƷ֣ͨΪõϣеѡĽƣ󣩵Ʒ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exchange a possession for one of greater value or quality; trade up.
Ծɻ߼»رĲֵߵĶһۼۻͬнϹ
n.ʣ
The act or instance of upgrading.
ߣƣߣƣΪ
Something that upgrades.
ƣ
An upward incline.
ϵб
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Uphill.
ɽأ
?
on the upgrade
Improving or progressing.
Ƶģ

= =
uphold
up.hold
AHD:[?p-h?ld] 
D.J.[Jp6h*&ld]
K.K.[Jp6hold]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
up.held[-hld] up.hold.ing,up.holds 
To hold aloft; raise:
𣺸߸߾
upheld the banner proudly.
ذ߸߾
To prevent from falling or sinking; support.
𣺷ֹˤ磻֧
To maintain or affirm against opposition.See Synonyms at support 
Էֻ϶μ support
?
upholder
n.ʣ

= =
upon
up.on
AHD:[-p?n, -p?n] 
D.J.[*6pKn, *6p%8n]
K.K.[*6p$n, *6p%n]
prep.ʣ
On.See Usage Note at on 
ͬon μ on

= =
upper
up.per
AHD:[?pr] 
D.J.[6Jp*]
K.K.[6Jp+]
adj.Abbr. up.,u.,U.ݴʣд up.,u.,U.
Higher in place, position, or rank:
λϸߵģص㣬ְλͷνϸߵģ
the upper bunk; the upper half of the class.
̣˽ײ
Situated on higher ground:
λڸߵصģ
upper regions.
ߵص
Lying farther inland:
ڵصģ
the upper Nile.
޺ε
Northern:
ģ
the upper Midwest.
ı
Upper Geology Archaeology Of, relating to, or being a later division of the period named.
 Upper ѧ ѧ ڵģڵģĵڵģйص
n.ʣ
The part of a shoe or boot above the sole.
ЬЬѥЬϲ
Informal An upper berth.
ʽ 
uppers Informal The upper teeth or a set of upper dentures.
 uppers ʽ ż
Slang 
ٵ 
A drug, especially an amphetamine, used as a stimulant.
˷ܼ˷ܼҩָ
An exhilarating or euphoric experience.
˷ܵľľ
?
on (one's) uppersʽ
Impoverished; destitute.
ģɽˮ

= =
upright
up.right
AHD:[?prot] 
D.J.[6Jp7ra!t]
K.K.[6Jp7ra!t]
adj.ݴʣ
Being in a vertical position or direction:
ֱͦģģ
an upright post.See Synonyms at vertical 
ĵ߸˲μ vertical
Erect in posture or carriage:
ֱģֱģֱͦƻ̬
She sat with grim determination, upright as a darning needle stuck in a board(Harriet Beecher Stowe)
ֱͦź,żᶨľţֽϵ֯롱(ءȳ˹)
Adhering strictly to moral principles; righteous.
ʵģģϸؼص¹淶ģֱģ
adv.ʣ
Vertically:
ֱţ
walk upright.
˫ֱ
n.ʣ
A perpendicular position; verticality.
ֱ
Something, such as a goal post, that stands upright.
ֱĶյ
Music An upright piano.
֡ ʽ
?
uprightly
adv.ʣ
uprightness
n.ʣ

= =
upset
up.set
AHD:[?p-st] 
D.J.[Jp6set]
K.K.[Jp6sWt]
v.ʣ
up.set,up.set.ting,up.sets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to turn or tip over; capsize.
ʹʹʹ߸
To disturb the functioning, order, or course of:
ңңҡС̣
Protesters upset the meeting by chanting and shouting.
Գͺн˻
To distress or perturb mentally or emotionally:
ʹķңϣջң
The bad news upset me.
Ϣʹķ
To overthrow; overturn:
ƷŪ
upset a will.See Synonyms at overthrow 
ʹЧμ overthrow
[?pst] To defeat unexpectedly (an opponent favored to win).
[?pst] ػܣܸߵѡ֣
To make (a heated metal bolt, for example) shorter and thicker by hammering on the end.
֣Ӻ񣺴һʹȹḺ̌
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become overturned; capsize.
Ʒ㸲
To become disturbed.
ң
n.ʣ
AHD:[?pst] 
The act of upsetting or the condition of being upset.
߸ƷΪ򱻷״̬
A disturbance, disorder, or state of agitation.
ķңҡһ״̬
Sports Games A game or contest in which the favorite is defeated.
˶ Ϸ ţܸߵѡֱܵı
A tool used for upsetting; a swage.
õĹߣģ
An upset part or piece.
ֵĲֻ
adj.ݴʣ
Having been overturned; capsized.
Ūģ㸲
Exhibiting signs and symptoms of indigestion:
θȣʵģʾ֢״ģ
an upset stomach.
θ
In a state of emotional or mental distress; distraught:
ķҵģϿյ״̬䷳յģ
upset parents.
ķҵĸĸ
?
Middle English upsetten [to set up] 
йӢ upsetten [װ] 
up- [up-] 
up- [ǰ׺ϣ] 
setten [to set] * see  set 1
setten [趨] *μ set1
?
upsetter
n.ʣ
upsettingly
adv.ʣ

= =
upstairs
up.stairs
AHD:[?pstarz] 
D.J.[6Jp6ste*z]
K.K.[6Jp6stWrz]
adv.ʣ
Up the stairs:
¥ϣ
raced upstairs.
׷¥
To or on a higher floor:
ڣһ㣺
went upstairs to go to bed.
¥ȥ˯
To or at a higher level:
򣨻ڣһΣ
promoted upstairs to management.
ְΪ
adj.ݴʣ
AHD:[?pstarz] 
Of or located on an upper floor:
¥ϵģ¥ϵģ
an upstairs bedroom.
¥ϵԷ
n.ʣ
AHD:[?pstarz] 뵥ã
The part of a building above the ground floor.
¥ϣ¥֮ϵ¥

= =
upward
up.ward
AHD:[?pwrd] 
D.J.[6Jpw*d]
K.K.[6Jpw*d]
adv.ʣ
In, to, or toward a higher place, level, or position:
ڣ򣩸ߵĵطλλ
flying upward.
Ϸ
Toward a higher position in a hierarchy or on a socioeconomic scale:
߲㷽أߵȼᾭýײ㣺
a young executive moving upward fast.
һλúܿᾭ
To or toward the source, origin, or interior.
ȥԴͷԴڲ
Toward the head or upper parts:
ͷϲأ
bare from the waist upward.
ϳ
Toward a higher amount, degree, or rank:
̶Ȼְλߣ
Prices soared upward.
۸
Toward a later time or age:
ʱأ
from adolescence upward.
ʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Directed toward a higher place or position:
ϵģģߵĵطְλƶģ
upward movement.
ϵ˶
?
upward of 
upwards of
More than; in excess of:
ϣڣ
the onslaught of upwards of seventy divisions(Winston S. Churchill)
ʮϮ(˹S.𼪶)
?
upwardly
adv.ʣ
upwards
adv.ʣ

= =
urge
urge
AHD:[?rj] 
D.J.[T8d9]
K.K.[Pd9]
v.ʣ
urged,urg.ing,urg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To force or drive forward or onward; impel.
ƽߣʹǰǰ
To entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort.
󣬹ȰУͨظؿ󣻹Ȱ
To advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of; press for:
ţǿҪ󣺽ǻͬУ
urge passage of the bill; a speech urging moderation.
鰸ͨʶȵĽ
To stimulate; excite:
ݼʹ˷ܣ
It urged him to an intensity like madness(D.H. Lawrence)
ʹһַ״̬(D.H.˹)
To move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur.
ߴ٣ȰʹжŬ٣ݼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert an impelling force; push vigorously.
ߴ٣Ϊƶ
To present a forceful argument, claim, or case.
ǿҪ󣺽ţҪ
n.ʣ
The act of urging.
ߣĶ
An impulse that prompts action or effort:
ƶжŬݼ
suppressed an urge to laugh.
ѹסЦĳ嶯
An involuntary tendency to perform a given activity; an instinct:
嶯ܣҪĳµƣܣ
There is a human urge to clarify, rationalize, justify(Leonard Bernstein)
Ҫ塢ͺͱ˵ıܳ嶯(ɵ¡˹̹)
?
Latin urg?e 
 urg?e 
?
urge,press,exhort,prod,prick
These verbs mean to constrain or impel to action.
Щָƻʹж
 Urge   implies strong pressure or persuasion: 
 Urge  ָǿѹ˵ 
Urged by an extreme necessity,he had come there to steal food  (Joseph Conrad). 
ڼҪ£ȥ͵ʳ Լɪ򡤿£ 
We urged her to reconsider the offer, but she refused.
ǽһεؿ飬ܾˡ
Press   suggests greater insistence, urgency, or importunity: 
Press  ʾ˼ǿļ֡Ȼȣ 
Isaacs hesitated long,but as everyone pressed him in turn,he yielded at last  (Francis Marion Crawford).
˹ԥ˺ܳʱ䣬ÿʩѹ£ˡ ˹͸£
 Exhort   stresses the use of earnest, urgent, often stirring admonition, advice, or appeal: 
 Exhort  ǿڿеġȽĲͨ˼Ȱ˵ 
He exhorted his crews to take a good night's rest,wind up their family affairs, and make their wills  (Washington Irving).Toprod  is to goad to action as if by poking with a pointed 
instrument:  
 Ȱ洬ԱҪúõϢͥ  ʢ١ŷģProd ָмĹ̼˵ж  
She reverted to her resolution to change the townawaken it, prod it, reform it  (Sinclair Lewis).
 ¶Ҫı򡪡ݼ  ·˹
 Prick   suggests driving as if with a spur: 
 Prick  ָô̼ʹ 
Honor pricks me on  (Shakespeare).
 ǰ  ɯʿǣ

= =
urgent
ur.gent
AHD:[?rjnt] 
D.J.[6T8d9*nt]
K.K.[6Pd9*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Compelling immediate action or attention; pressing.
ȵģҪж͹עģȵ
Insistent or importunate:
ֵĻеģ
the urgent words Hurry! Hurry!
еĻϿ!Ͽ! 
Conveying a sense of pressing importance:
ȵģʾȵҪԵģ
an urgent message.
ȵĿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin urg?s  urgent- [present participle of] urg?re [to urge] 
Դ  urg?s  urgent-  [] urg?reڷִ [ƽߴ٣] 
?
urgently
adv.ʣ
?
urgent,pressing,imperative,exigent
These adjectives are compared as they mean compelling immediate attention.
ЩݴָǿĹעʱԱȽϡ
 Urgent   often implies that a matter takes precedence over others: 
 Urgent  ָ±ȣ 
My business is too urgent to waste time on apologies (John Buchan).
ҵرҪܰʱ˷ڵǸϡ  ԼͿϣ
 Pressing   suggests an urgency that demands that prompt measures be taken: 
 Pressing  ָһȡʩĽҪ飺 
The danger now became too pressing to admit of longer delay  (James Fenimore Cooper).
Σ˵üڲκε顱  ղķʿĪأ
 Imperative   implies a need or demand whose fulfillment cannot be evaded or deferred: 
 Imperative  ָõҪ 
As more nations acquire nuclear weapons the necessity for preventing war becomes imperative.  Somethingexigent  requires swift action or remedy:  
ĹӵкֹսıҪԽԵÿ̲ݻ ˵ĳexigent ˵Ҫٵж򲹾ȣ  
Her family's needs make exigent demands on her time and energy. 
ļͥѴʱ; 

= =
us
us
AHD:[?s] 
D.J.[Js]
K.K.[Js]
pron.ʣ
 weıʽ 
Used as the direct object of a verb:
ǣʵֱӱ
She saw us on the subway.
ڵվ
Used as the indirect object of a verb:
ǣ˾ļӱ
They offered us free tickets to the show.
ǸǼչƱ
Used as the object of a preposition:
ǣʱ
This letter is addressed to us.
Ƿдǵ
Informal Used as a predicate nominative:
ʽ ǣ
It's us.See Usage Note at we 
ǲμ we
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?s * see  nes- 2
Դ Ӣ ?s *μ nes- 2
?
us
.us
abbr.
 United States of America [in Internet addresses] 
United States of America[in Internet addresses] 

= =
usage
us.age
AHD:[y?s1j, -z1j] 
D.J.[6ju8s!d9, -z!d9]
K.K.[6jus!d9, -z!d9]
n.ʣ
The act, manner, or amount of using; use:
ʹã÷
the usage of a technical term; an instrument that measures water usage.
ʹãˮе
The act or manner of treating; treatment:
ʹãķԴ
subjected the car to rough usage.
ֱʹ
A usual, habitual, or accepted practice.See Synonyms at habit 
ϰߣϰϰãͨԵģϰԵĻԼ׳ɵμ habit
The way in which words or phrases are actually used, spoken, or written in a speech community.
÷ʻＯʵϵʹû˵дķʽ
A particular expression in speech or writing:
ϰԴǻдеض
a nonce usage.
ϰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from us 
Դ us 
from Latin ?s [from past participle of] ?to [to use] 
Դ  ?s  [] Դ?toĹȥִ [ʹ] 

= =
use
use
AHD:[y?z] 
D.J.[ju8z]
K.K.[juz]
v.ʣ
used,us.ing,us.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To put into service or apply for a purpose; employ.
ãʹãʹûΪĳһĿʹãʹã
To avail oneself of; practice:
ãʹã
use caution.
С
To conduct oneself toward; treat or handle:
֣Դ
the peace offering of a man who once used you unkindly(Laurence Sterne)
Դһ㲻Ƶˡ(˹˹)
To seek or achieve an end by means of; exploit:
ãáķʽ׷ȡĳĿģã
used their highly placed friends to gain access to the president; felt he was being used by seekers of favor.
ЩӸλӽͳеԼЩ׷
To take or consume; partake of:
ûѣ
She rarely used alcohol.
ٺȾ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
AHD:[y?s, y?st] 
Used in the past tense followed byto  in order to indicate a former state, habitual practice, or custom: 
ڹȥʱto ʽʾȥ״̬ϰϰף 
Mail service used to be faster.
ȥҪЩ
n.ʣ
AHD:[y?s] 
The act of using; the application or employment of something for a purpose:
ãʹãʹãΪĳĿĶĳʹûã
with the use of a calculator; skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.
ʹüԹʹú
The condition or fact of being used:
ʹõ״̬ʵ
a chair in regular use.
ʹõ
The manner of using; usage:
ʹõķʽ÷
learned the proper use of power tools.
ѧȷʹ÷繤
The permission, privilege, or benefit of using something:
ʹȨֵʹɡʹȨʹüֵ
gave us the use of their summerhouse.
ʹǵı
The power or ability to use something:
ĳ
lost the use of one arm.
һֻ첲з
The need or occasion to use or employ:
ʹĳ
have no use for these old clothes.
ҲᴩЩ·
The quality of being suitable or adaptable to an end; usefulness:
ãʵã˻ʺĳĿʵã
tried to be of use in the kitchen.
跨ڳܺ
A purpose for which something is used:
;ʹĳĿģ
a tool with several uses; a pretty bowl, but of what use is it?
;ߣƯ룬ܵʲô?
Gain or advantage; good:
棬ô洦
There's no use in discussing it. What's the use?
˵档кκô?
Accustomed or usual procedure or practice.
ϰߣϰߵĻͨĳ
Law 
ɡ 
Enjoyment of property, as by occupying or exercising it.
ȨԲƲУռʹ
The benefit or profit of lands and tenements of which the legal title and possession are vested in another.
ȨȨռȨίи˵غס
The arrangement establishing the equitable right to such benefits and profits.
ίδ湫ƽȨ̶
A liturgical form practiced in a particular church, ecclesiastical district, or community.
ضɡʵеʽ
Obsolete Usual occurrence or experience.
 ͨ¼
?
use up
To consume completely:
ù⣬ľ
used up all our money.
ùеǮ
?
Middle English usen 
йӢ usen 
from Old French user 
Դ ŷ user 
from Vulgar Latin *?3re} 
Դ  *?3re} 
frequentative of Latin ?o} 
  ?oظ} 
?
use,employ,utilize
These verbs mean to avail oneself of someone or something in order to make him, her, or it useful, functional, or beneficial.Touse  is to put into service or apply for a purpose:  
Щʵ˼ĳ˻ĳʹ֮ãû档Use ָʹûΪĳһĿʹã  
uses a hearing aid;
ʹ
used the press secretary as spokesperson for the administration;
Ϊŵķʹã
using a stick to stir the paint.
ðᡣ
Employ   is often interchangeable withuse :  
Employ  ͨuse ɻã  
She employed her education to maximum advantage.  Unlikeuse,  however, the term can denote engaging or maintaining the services of another or putting another to work:  
󷢻ܽơ Ȼuse employʿָû˵ķʹ˹  
When men are employed, they are best contented  (Benjamin Franklin).
 Ϊ˷ʱġ  ֣
 Utilize   is especially appropriate in the narrower sense of making something profitable or of finding new and practical uses for it: 
 Utilize  ʺָʹĳͼѰĳµĺʵʵ÷ֽխ˼ 
In the 19th century waterpower was widely utilized to generate electricity. See also Synonyms at  habit 
19Ǵģʹˮ μͬ habit

= =
used
used
AHD:[y?zd] 
D.J.[ju8zd]
K.K.[juzd]
adj.ݴʣ
Not new; secondhand:
ɵģùģ
a used car.

also [y?st] Accustomed; habituated:
Ҳ [y?st] ߳ģϰڡģ
getting used to the cold weather; was used to driving a small car.
ʼϰߺȥ߳һС

= =
useful
use.ful
AHD:[y?sfl] 
D.J.[6ju8sf*l]
K.K.[6jusf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Having a beneficial use; serviceable:
ģõģ
a useful kitchen gadget.
һõĳ
Having practical utility:
ʵõģ
a useful job; useful members of society.
ʵõĹĶ֮
?
usefully
adv.ʣ
usefulness
n.ʣ

= =
useless
use.less
AHD:[y?sl1s] 
D.J.[6ju8sl!s]
K.K.[6jusl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or having no beneficial use; futile or ineffective.
ûκģõĻЧ
Incapable of functioning or assisting; ineffectual:
޼ֵģܷõģܰæģõģ
He panics easily and is useless in an emergency.See Synonyms at futile 
ŻţڽǸﲻæ˲μ futile
?
uselessly
adv.ʣ
uselessness
n.ʣ

= =
user
us.er
AHD:[y?zr] 
D.J.[6ju8z*]
K.K.[6juz+]
n.ʣ
One that uses:
ʹߣ
a user of public transportation.
ͨʹ
Law The exercise or enjoyment of a right or property.
ɡ ȨƲʹû
One who uses addictive drugs.
ߣҩ

= =
usual
u.su.al
AHD:[y?zh?-l] 
D.J.[6ju89u8*l]
K.K.[6ju9u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Commonly encountered, experienced, or observed:
ͨģƽģġĻеģ
the usual summer heat.
е
Regularly or customarily used:
߳ģģϰʹõģ
ended the speech with the usual expressions of thanks.
ù߳ĸлʽ˽
In conformity with regular practice or procedure:
ģƽϰ׺ͳһµģ
Come at the usual time.
һʱ
?
as usual
As commonly or habitually happens:
ƽϰһ
As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.
ƽʱһǸ糿úܳ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French usuel 
Դ ŷ usuel 
from Late Latin ?3lis} 
Դ  ?3lis} 
from Latin ?s [use] [from past participle of] ?to [to use] 
Դ  ?s [ʹ]  [] Դ?toĹȥִ [ʹ] 
?
usually
adv.ʣ
usualness
n.ʣ
?
usual,habitual,customary,accustomed
These adjectives apply to what is expected or familiar because it occurs frequently or recurs regularly.
ЩݴָǿԤĻϤģΪǾĻйɵطġ
 Usual   describes what accords with normal, common, or ordinary practice or procedure: 
 Usual  ЩƽġͨĻһϰ߻һµˡ» 
The parson said the usual things about the seaits blueness . . . its beauty (George du Maurier).
 ʦ˺ͨص㡪ɫ ΡšĪҮ
 Habitual   implies repetition and force of habit: 
 Habitual  ָظϰ 
He who permits himself to tell a lie once,finds it much easier to do it a second and third time,till at length it becomes habitual  (Thomas Jefferson).
 һԼһλѣͻᷢڶΡλ׵öֱ࣬γϰߡ ˹ܷѷ
 Customary   andaccustomed  refer to conformity with the prevailing customs or conventions of a group or with an individual's own established practice:  
 Customary  accustomed ָʢеϰ߻һϰԼ׳ɵϰһµģ  
It is the customary fate of new truths to begin as heresies and to end as superstitions  (Thomas H. Huxley). 
ͨǿʼˣֱš H裩 
She resolved the difficulty with her accustomed resourcefulness and tact. 
߳ĻԲ 

= =
utility
u.til.i.ty
AHD:[y?-t1l1-t?] 
D.J.[ju86t!l!ti8]
K.K.[ju6t!l!ti]
n.ʣ
 u.til.i.ties 
The quality or condition of being useful; usefulness:
ãЧãЧõ״̬ãʵã
I have always doubted the utility of these conferences on disarmament(Winston S. Churchill)
һֱЩþЧá(˹S.𼪶)
A useful article or device.
õе
Abbr. util.
д util.
A public utility.
ҵ˾
A commodity or service, such as electricity, water, or public transportation, that is provided by a public utility.
ҵɹҵ˾ṩƷˮ͹ͨ
adj.ݴʣ
Used, serving, or working in several capacities as needed, especially:
ж;ģָ
Prepared to play any of the smaller theatrical roles on short notice:
ֹģһ֪ͨ׼κСɫģ
a utility cast member.
Ա
Capable of playing as a substitute in any of several positions:
λ油ģ
a utility infielder.
ܹصڳ
Designed for various often heavy-duty practical uses:
;ģΪһظԵ;Ƶģ
a utility knife; a utility vehicle.
;С;
Raised or kept for the production of a farm product rather than for show or as pets:
ΪþüֵΪũƷĶչ͵Ļģ
utility livestock.
ü
Of the lowest U.S. Government grade:
涨͵ģ
utility beef.
ţ
?
Middle English utilite 
йӢ utilite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin ?3s} 
Դ  ?3s} 
from ?s [useful] 
Դ ?s [õ] 
from ?o} [to use] 
Դ ?o} [ʹã] 

= =
utilize
u.til.ize
AHD:[y?tl-oz] 
D.J.[6ju8tl7a!z]
K.K.[6jut17a!z]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
u.til.ized,u.til.iz.ing,u.til.iz.es 
To put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use for.See Synonyms at use 
ããָΪҵһʵõ;μ use
?
French utiliser 
 utiliser 
from Italian utilizzare 
Դ  utilizzare 
from utile [useful] 
Դ utile [õģ] 
from Latin ?s 
Դ  ?s 
from ?o} [to use] 
Դ ?o} [ãʹ] 
?
utilizable
adj.ݴʣ
utilization
AHD:[-1-z3shn] ʣ
utilizer
n.ʣ
?
A number of critics have remarked thatutilize  is an unnecessary substitute for use.   It is true that many occurrences ofutilize  could be replaced by use  with no loss to anything but 
pretentiousness, for example, in sentences such asBarbara utilized  (prefer used ) questionable methods in her analysis  or We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize  
(prefer use ) mass transit after the bridge has reopened.   Bututilize  can mean to find a profitable or practical use for. Thus the sentenceThe teachers were unable to use the new 
computers  might mean only that the teachers were unable to turn the computers on, whereasThe teachers were unable to utilize the new computers  suggests that the teachers could 
not find ways to employ the computers in instruction. 
һЩΪutilize ֻ use һҪ滻ʡ utilize Ա use ˽εķȥ֮˼ûκμ 磺Barbara utilized ( used 
ȡ questionable methods in her analysisŰķһЩķ  We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize ( use ȡ mass transit 
after the bridge has reopenedϣ˹°¿֮ͨԾʹùͨ  utilize ָΪҵһĻʵõ; 仰
The teachers were unable to use the new computersʦǲʹµԣ пָֻЩʦ򿪼 The teachers were unable to utilize the new computers
ʦ¼ ʾЩʦָʱ֪õ 

= =
utmost
ut.most
AHD:[?tm?st] 
D.J.[6Jt7m*&st]
K.K.[6Jt7most]
adj.ݴʣ
Being or situated at the most distant limit or point; farthest:
ԶģڣλڣԶĽ޻򶥶ˣԶģ
the utmost tip of the peninsula.
ڰ뵺
Of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme:
ȵģģڳ̶ȣǿȷߵĻģ˵ģ
a matter of the utmost importance.
Ҫ
n.ʣ
The greatest possible amount, degree, or extent; the maximum:
ȣޣ̶ܵȻ޶ȣֵ
worked every day to the utmost of her abilities.
ÿ쾡ȫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?t 
Դ Ӣ ?t ?t [out] * see  ud- ?t [] *μ ud- 
-mest [-most] 
-mest [׺] 

= =
utter
utter 1
AHD:[?tr] 
D.J.[6Jt*]
K.K.[6Jt+]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ut.tered,ut.ter.ing,ut.ters 
To send forth with the voice:

uttered a cry.

To articulate (words); pronounce or speak.See Synonyms at vent 1
˵򽲲μ vent1
Law To put (counterfeit money, for example) into circulation.
ɡ ͨʹãαҵȣ
To publish (a book, for example).
棨鼮
Obsolete To sell or deliver (merchandise) in trading.
 ҵۻͣƷ
?
Middle English utteren 
йӢ utteren 
partly from Middle Low German uteren  from uter [outer] [comparative of] ?t [out] * see  ud- 
Դ йŵ͵ص uteren  Դ uter []  [] ?tıȽϼ [] *μ ud- 
and alteration  influenced by utter [outer] * see  utter 2
   utterӰ [] *μ utter2
of Middle English outen [to disclose]  from out [out] * see  out 
 йӢ outenı仯 [й¶]  Դ out [] *μ out
?
utterable
adj.ݴʣ
utterer
n.ʣ
?
utter
utter 2
AHD:[?tr] 
D.J.[6Jt*]
K.K.[6Jt+]
adj.ݴʣ
Complete; absolute; entire:
ȫģ׵ģʮģ
utter nonsense; utter darkness.
ʮķϻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?a [outer] * see  ud- 
Դ Ӣ ?a [] *μ ud- 

= =
vacant
va.cant
AHD:[v3knt] 
D.J.[6ve!k*nt]
K.K.[6vek*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing nothing; empty.
յģûκζ
Without an incumbent or occupant; unfilled:
ȱģû߻ռߵģյģ
a vacant position.
ȱְλ
Not occupied or put to use:
δռõģδʹõģ
a vacant lot.
յ
Law Not claimed by an heir:
ɡ δ̳ģ
a vacant estate.
˶ϳеķ
Lacking intelligence or knowledge:
޴ģ֪ģ
a vacant mind.
նͷ
Lacking expression; blank:
ޱģãȻģ
a vacant stare.
ãȻ
Not filled with any activity:
еģ¿ģ
vacant hours.See Synonyms at empty 
ʱμ empty
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vac3s  vacant- [present participle of] vac3re [to be empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ  vac3s  vacant-  [] vac3reڷִ [ʹ] *μ eu- 2
?
vacantly
adv.ʣ
vacantness
n.ʣ

= =
vacation
va.ca.tion
AHD:[v3-k3shn, v-] 
D.J.[ve!6ke!.*n, v*-]
K.K.[ve6ke.*n, v*-]
n.ʣ
A period of time devoted to pleasure, rest, or relaxation, especially one with pay granted to an employee.
ݼ٣ڣר֡Ϣɵʱ䣬ְָԱнȼ
A holiday.

A fixed period of holidays, especially one during which a school, court, or business suspends activities.
ϢգضʱļգָѧУͥҵŲϰ
Archaic The act or an instance of vacating.
 ճȥְΪʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
va.ca.tioned,va.ca.tion.ing,va.ca.tions 
To take or spend a vacation.
ȼ
?
Middle English vacacioun 
йӢ vacacioun 
from Old French vacation 
Դ ŷ vacation 
from Latin vac3?}  vac3ti?n- [freedom from occupation] 
Դ  vac3?}  vac3ti?n- [¿] 
from vac3s [past participle of] vac3re [to be empty, at leisure] * see  eu- 2
Դ vac3s  [] vac3reĹȥִ [еģ] *μ eu- 2
?
vacationer  
vacationeer
AHD:[-sh-n?r] ʣ
vacationless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
vacuum
vac.u.um
AHD:[v2ky?-m, -y?m, -ym] 
D.J.[6v#kju8*m, -ju8m, -j*m]
K.K.[6v#kju*m, -jum, -j*m]
n.ʣ
 vac.u.ums  vac.u.a [-y?-]  д vac.
Absence of matter.
գûж
A space empty of matter.

A space relatively empty of matter.

A space in which the pressure is significantly lower than atmospheric pressure.
հ״̬ѹǿԱȴѹǿ͵öĿռ
A state of emptiness; a void.
հ״̬հ
A state of being sealed off from external or environmental influences; isolation.
״̬򻷾Ӱ״̬
pl. vac.uums A vacuum cleaner.
 vac.uums 
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or used to create a vacuum.
յģйصģյ
Containing air or other gas at a reduced pressure.
ѹģڼѹǿ֮ºп
Operating by means of suction or by maintaining a partial vacuum.
յģȡķʽάֲյķʽ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
vac.u.umed,vac.u.um.ing,vac.u.umes 
To clean with or use a vacuum cleaner.
ʹɨ
?
Latin [empty space] [from neuter of] vacuus [empty] 
 [մ]  [] ԴvacuusԴ [յ] 
from vac3e [to be empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ vac3e [ʹ] *μ eu- 2

= =
vague
vague
AHD:[v3g] 
D.J.[ve!g]
K.K.[veg]
adj.ݴʣ
vagu.er,vagu.est 
Not clearly expressed; inexplicit.
ģûȷģȷ
Not thinking or expressing oneself clearly.
ģģû˼Ļұﲻ
Lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct:
ģûȷ״ģģ
saw a vague outline of a building through the fog.
͸Ũģ
Not clear in meaning or application.See Synonyms at ambiguous 
ģģںʹϲĲμ ambiguous
Indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy:
Իģظо۲졢˽뵽ЩԻģ
a vague uneasiness.
ǱʶĲ
?
French 
 
from Old French [wandering] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from Latin vagus 
Դ  vagus 
?
vaguely
adv.ʣ
vagueness
n.ʣ

= =
vain
vain
AHD:[v3n] 
D.J.[ve!n]
K.K.[ven]
adj.ݴʣ
vain.er,vain.est 
Not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless:
ûнģûдﵽԤĿĵģ޽ģ
a vain attempt.
ûнĳ
Lacking substance or worth:
޼ֵģ
vain talk.
ûм̸ֵ
Excessively proud of one's appearance or accomplishments; conceited.
ԸģԼɾͱֲʵĻֵĽԸԴ
Archaic Foolish.
 ɵģ޴
?
in vain
To no avail; without success:
ͽͣģδɹ
Our labor was in vain.
ǵͶǰ׷
In an irreverent or disrespectful manner:
̬ȣ
took the name of the Lord in vain.
ϵ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v3s [empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ  v3s [յ] *μ eu- 2
?
vainly
adv.ʣ
vainness
n.ʣ
?
vain,empty,hollow,idle,nugatory,otiose
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is lacking value or substance: 
Щݴеĺǡûмֵûбּġ 
vain regrets;
Ļںޣ
empty pleasures;
նĿ֣
hollow threats;
õĿţ
idle dreams;
룻
nugatory commentaries;
նۣ
an otiose belief in alchemy. See also Synonyms at  futile 
õ μͬ futile

= =
valid
val.id
AHD:[v2l1d] 
D.J.[6v#l!d]
K.K.[6v#l!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Well grounded; just:
ģиݵģģ
a valid objection.
иݵķ
Producing the desired results; efficacious:
ЧģҪģЧģ
valid methods.
Чİ취
Having legal force; effective or binding:
иݵģкϷȨЧĻԼģ
a valid title.
Ч
Logic 
߼ѧ 
Containing premises from which the conclusion may logically be derived:
ʾ۵ģпԷ߼شеó۵ǰģ
a valid argument.
֤ݿɿ۵
Correctly inferred or deduced from a premise:
߼ʵģǰȷƶϻģ
a valid conclusion.
ȷƶϵĽ
Archaic Of sound health; robust.
 ǿ׳ģǳģǿ
?
French valide 
 valide 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin validus [strong] 
Դ  validus [ǿ׳] 
from val?e [to be strong] * see  wal- 
Դ val?e [ǿ׳] *μ wal- 
?
validity  
validness
n.ʣ
validly
adv.ʣ
?
valid,sound,cogent,convincing,telling
These adjectives describe assertions, arguments, conclusions, reasons, or intellectual processes that are persuasive because they are well founded, as in fact, logic. or 
rationality.What isvalid  is based on or borne out by truth or fact or has legal force:  
ЩݴΪȷ֤ݣʵ߼ϣܾ˵šۡۡɻ̡valid ǽڻʵϻзЧӦ  
a valid excuse;
иݵɣ
a valid claim.  What issound  is free from logical flaws or is based on valid reasoning:  
иݵҪ sound ǷӦ߼ȱݻվסϵģ  
a sound theory;
ȷۣ
sound principles.  Somethingcogent  is both sound and compelling:  
ȷԭ cogent ָȷʹ˷Ųɣ  
cogent testimony;
˵֤
a cogent explanation.
˵Ľ͡
Convincing   implies the power to dispel doubt or overcome resistance or opposition: 
Convincing  ָǻ˷ƻ򷴶Ե 
convincing proof.
ʹŷ֤
Telling   means strikingly effective: 
Telling  ָ˵Ч 
The attorney's summation was telling. 
ʦܽǷǳЧ 

= =
valley
val.ley
AHD:[v2l?] 
D.J.[6v#li8]
K.K.[6v#li]
n.ʣ
 val.leys д val.
An elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands, often having a river or stream running along the bottom.
ɽȣɽߵ֮͵أŵײʵСӻСϪ
An extensive area of land drained or irrigated by a river system.
һϵˮȵĹ
A depression or hollow resembling or suggesting a valley, as the point at which the two slopes of a roof meet.
ݹȣɽɽȵİݴݶбһ
?
Middle English valey 
йӢ valey 
from Old French valee 
Դ ŷ valee 
from Vulgar Latin *vall3a 
Դ  *vall3a 
from Latin vall?s * see  wel- 2
Դ  vall?s *μ wel- 2
?
valleyed
adj.ݴʣ

= =
valuable
val.u.a.ble
AHD:[v2ly?--bl, v2ly-] 
D.J.[6v#lju8*b*l, 6v#lj*-]
K.K.[6v#lju*b*l, 6v#lj*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Having considerable monetary or material value for use or exchange:
صģпɹ۵ʹû򽻻Ļһʼֵģ
a valuable diamond.
صıʯ
Of great importance, use, or service:
õģشģо޴Ҫԡôģ
valuable information; valuable advice.
شϢҪĽ
Having admirable or esteemed qualities or characteristics:
ģֵó羴𾴵صԸģ
a valuable friend.

n.ʣ
A personal possession, such as a piece of jewelry, having a relatively high monetary value. Often used in the plural.
Ʒ˽˲Ʋһ䱦ԵؽϸߵĻҼֵø
?
valuableness
n.ʣ
valuably
adv.ʣ

= =
value
val.ue
AHD:[v2ly?] 
D.J.[6v#lju8]
K.K.[6v#lju]
n.Abbr. val.ʣд val.
An amount, as of goods, services, or money, considered to be a fair and suitable equivalent for something else; a fair price or return.
ֵΪ﹫ƽġʵȵƷǮļ۸
Monetary or material worth:
ֵýǮĻϵļֵ
the fluctuating value of gold and silver.
ƽͰļ۸
Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor; utility or merit:
洦ԣӵ˵ôҪϵļֵôô
the value of an education.
洦
A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable:
ֵ׼ΪֵõĻҪһԭ򡢱׼ʣ
The speech was a summons back to the patrician values of restraint and responsibility(Jonathan Alter)
˵ּڹкƺθеļֵ׼(ɭ¶)
Precise meaning or import, as of a word.
壺ȷеĺҪּ絥
Mathematics An assigned or calculated numerical quantity.
ѧ ֵһָĻ򱻼ֵ
Music The relative duration of a tone or rest.
֡ ĳֹ̣Գ
Color The relative darkness or lightness of a color:
ɫʡ ϵɫʵԵϵ
I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three valuesdark, medium . . . and light(Joe Hing Lowe)
ͨƷϰϵȡԼİ취ɫʺҪϵ(ǡ)
Linguistics The sound quality of a letter or diphthong.
ѧ ֵһĸ򸴺Ԫֵ
One of a series of specified values:
ֵһϵضֵ֮һ
issued a stamp of new value.
һֵƱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
val.ued,val.u.ing,val.ues 
To determine or estimate the worth or value of; appraise.
ۻ򶨼ֵۣ
To regard highly; esteem.See Synonyms at appreciate 
ӣأۺܸߣزμ appreciate
To rate according to relative estimate of worth or desirability; evaluate:
ۣݶԼֵԹƶۣۣ
valued health above money.
ýǮı׼Ƹ
To assign a value to (a unit of currency, for example).
Ѽֵҵλ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [from feminine past participle of] valoir [to be strong, be worth] 
Դ ŷ  [] ԴvaloirԹȥִ [ǿмֵ] 
from Latin val?e * see  wal- 
Դ  val?e *μ wal- 
?
valuer
n.ʣ

= =
valve
valve
AHD:[v2lv] 
D.J.[v#lv]
K.K.[v#lv]
n.ʣ
Anatomy A membranous structure in a hollow organ or passage, as in an artery or a vein, that folds or closes to prevent the return flow of the body fluid passing through it.
ѧ ꣬Ĥпٻܵ羲ѪеĤ״ṹܹսرԷֹͨҺ
Any of various devices that regulate the flow of gases, liquids, or loose materials through piping or through apertures by opening, closing, or obstructing ports or passageways.
ţֵװһ֣ɿرջڻͨͨܵ򿪿ڵ塢Һ
The movable control element of such a device.
˨װõĿƶĿƲ
Music A device in a brass wind instrument that permits change in pitch by a rapid varying of the air column in a tube.
֡ ꣺ͭͨڹѸٸıĸıһװ
Biology 
ѧ 
One of the paired, hinged shells of certain mollusks and of brachiopods.
ǣĳЩ嶯㶯ĳɶԵġ½ӿϵı֮һ
One of the two silicified halves of the cell wall of a diatom.
꣺Ƭ軯ϸ֮һ
The entire, one-piece shell of a snail and certain other mollusks.
ţǣţĳЩ嶯һĿ
Botany 
ֲѧ 
One of the sections into which the wall of a seedpod or other dehiscent fruit splits.
ƬƤڻѹʵıѿĲ֮һ
A lidlike covering of an anther.
״
Chiefly British An electron tube or a vacuum tube.
Ӣ ӹܻչ
Archaic Either half of a double or folding door.
 ˫Żеһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
valved,valv.ing,valves 
To provide with a valve.
װڡ
To control by means of a valve.
÷
?
Middle English [leaf of a door] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin valva * see  wel- 2
Դ  valva *μ wel- 2
?
valveless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
van
van 1
AHD:[v2n] 
D.J.[v#n]
K.K.[v#n]
n.ʣ
An enclosed boxlike motor vehicle having rear or side doors and side panels especially for transporting people.
˻к󲿻źͲരģ˵ķʽ
A covered or enclosed truck or wagon often used for transporting goods or livestock.
ʽػ
Chiefly British A closed railroad car used for carrying baggage or freight.
Ӣ йջС
v.ʣ
vanned,van.ning,vans 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To transport by van:
û䣺
vanned the horses to the racetrack.
ó˵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drive or travel in a van:
ʻУ
vanned around the country.
ȫ
?
[Short for] caravan 
[ʽ] caravan
?
van
van 2
AHD:[v2n] 
D.J.[v#n]
K.K.[v#n]
n.ʣ
The vanguard; the forefront.
ǰǰ
?
[Short for] vanguard 
[ʽ] vanguard
?
van
van 3
AHD:[v2n] 
D.J.[v#n]
K.K.[v#n]
n.ʣ
A wing.

Archaic A winnowing device, such as a fan.
 
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English fann 
Դ Ӣ fann 
Old French van 
ŷ van 
both from Latin vannus * see  wet- 1
Դ  vannus *μ wet- 1
?
Van
Van
AHD:[v2n, v?n] Lake
D.J.[v#n, v$8n]Lake
K.K.[v#n, v$n]Lake
NONE޴ԣ
A salt lake of eastern Turkey. The largest lake in the country, it has no known outlet.
䶫ˮȫĺ½

= =
vanish
van.ish
AHD:[v2n1sh] 
D.J.[6v#n!.]
K.K.[6v#n!.]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
van.ished,van.ish.ing,van.ish.es 
To pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear.See Synonyms at disappear 
ʧͻȻʧָѸٵʧʧμ disappear
To pass out of existence.
ʧӴʧ
Mathematics To become zero. Used of a function or variable.
ѧ 㣺㡣ں
?
Middle English vanisshen 
йӢ vanisshen 
alteration of Old French esvanir  esvaniss- 
 ŷ esvanirı仯  esvaniss- 
from Vulgar Latin *exvanoe 
Դ  *exvanoe 
alteration of Latin ?3n?scere} 
  ?3n?scereı仯} ?- [ex-] ?- [ǰ׺ʾԡ⡱] 
v3?scere} [to vanish]  from v3s [empty] * see  eu- 2
v3?scere} [ʧ]  Դ v3s [˵] *μ eu- 2
?
vanisher
n.ʣ
vanishingly
adv.ʣ
vanishment
n.ʣ

= =
vanity
van.i.ty
AHD:[v2n1-t?] 
D.J.[6v#n!ti8]
K.K.[6v#n!ti]
n.ʣ
 van.i.ties 
The quality or condition of being vain.
ԸԴԸص
Excessive pride in one's appearance or accomplishments; conceit.See Synonyms at conceit 
ģ䣺ĳ˵ۻɾ͵ĹֽԴμ conceit
Lack of usefulness, worth, or effect; worthlessness.
ãȱʵԡֵЧģ޼ֵ
Something that is vain, futile, or worthless.
޼ֵĶ顢û޼ֵĶ
Something about which one is vain or conceited.
١ĶһԸԴĶ
A vanity case.
װ
See  dressing table 
μ  dressing table
A bathroom cabinet that encloses a basin and its water lines and drain, usually furnished with shelves and drawers underneath for storage of toiletries.
ױ̨һԡıڳˮԼˮװãͨ·װװױþߵĸͳ
?
Middle English vanite 
йӢ vanite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v33s} 
Դ  v33s} 
from v3s [empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ v3s [յ] *μ eu- 2

= =
vapour
va.pour
AHD:[v3pr] 
D.J.[6ve!p*]
K.K.[6vep+]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Vapor.


= =
variable
var.i.a.ble
AHD:[var?--bl, v2r-] 
D.J.[6ve*ri8*b*l, 6v#r-]
K.K.[6vWri*b*l, 6v#r-]
adj.Abbr. var.ݴʣд var.
Likely to change or vary; subject to variation; changeable.
ױģܱ仯ıģӱ仯ģɱ
Inconstant; fickle.
޳ģ޳
Biology Tending to deviate, as from a normal or recognized type; aberrant.
ѧ ģƫ룬һĻ򱻳˵ͣ
Mathematics Having no fixed quantitative value.
ѧ ģûй̶ֵ
n.Abbr. var.ʣд var.
Something that varies or is prone to variation.
ױĶ仯ڱ仯Ķ
Astronomy A variable star.
ѧ ǣ
Mathematics 
ѧ 
A quantity capable of assuming any of a set of values.
ܹΪһֵеһ
A symbol representing such a quantity. For example, in the expressiona  2 + b  2 = c  2, a,  b,  and c  are variables. 
ţֱķšڱʾa  2+ b  2= c  2, a,  b,  c Ǳ 
?
variableness
n.ʣ
variably
adv.ʣ

= =
variation
var.i.a.tion
AHD:[var?-3shn, v2r-] 
D.J.[7ve*ri86e!.*n, 6v#r-]
K.K.[7vWri6e.*n, 6v#r-]
n.Abbr. var.ʣд var.
The act, process, or result of varying.
仯仯Ķ̻
The state or fact of being varied.See Synonyms at difference 
䶯ı״̬ʵμ difference
The extent or degree to which something varies:
仯Χ仯̶ȣĳ仯ķΧ̶ȣ
 a variation of ten pounds in weight.
ʮı仯
Magnetic declination.
ƫ
Something slightly different from another of the same type.
Ķ仯˵ʽͬһеһ΢Ķ
Biology 
ѧ 
Marked difference or deviation from the normal or recognized form, function, or structure.
죬壺ѱϿɵ̬ܻṹԵĲͬƫ
An organism or a plant exhibiting such difference or deviation.
֣ͬƫֲ
Mathematics A function that relates the values of one variable to those of other variables.
ѧ ֣ĳֵֵϵĹ
Music 
֡ 
A form that is an altered version of a given theme, diverging from it by melodic ornamentation and by changes in harmony, rhythm, or key.
һָɵĸı棬ͨɵκͽټı仯з
One of a series of forms based on a single theme.
ࣺΨһɻϵһϵʽ֮һ
A solo dance, especially one forming part of a larger work.
裺һֵ裬γһϴƷһֵĵ
?
variational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
variety
va.ri.e.ty
AHD:[v-ro1-t?] 
D.J.[v*6ra!!ti8]
K.K.[v*6ra!!ti]
n.ʣ
 va.ri.e.ties д var.
The quality or condition of being various or varied; diversity.
ֶ仯˵ʻ״
A number or collection of varied things, especially of a particular group; an assortment:
ֶģͣ಻ͬͬļϣһȺģһƷ
brought home a variety of snacks.
ؼʳ
A group that is distinguished from other groups by a specific characteristic or set of characteristics.
ࣺһ־ԻһԶȺһȺ
Biology 
ѧ 
A taxonomic subdivision of a species consisting of naturally occurring or selectively bred populations or individuals that differ from the remainder of the species in certain minor 
characters.
֣һϸС֧ȻѡֳȺɣһĽСصϲͬڴʣ
An organism, especially a plant, belonging to such a subdivision.
֣ϸС֧һлֲ
A variety show.
ˣ
?
French varit 
 varit 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin variet3s  variet3t- 
Դ  variet3s  variet3t- 
from varius [various] 
Դ varius [ֶ] 

= =
various
var.i.ous
AHD:[var?-s, v2r-] 
D.J.[6ve*ri8*s, 6v#r-]
K.K.[6vWri*s, 6v#r-]
adj.Abbr. var.ݴʣд var.
Of diverse kinds:
ָģ
for various reasons.
Ϊָԭ
Unlike; different.
ģͬ
Being more than one; several.
ֹһģ
Many-sided; versatile:
෽ģ෽ģŶյģ
a person of various skills.
ж෽ܵ
Having a variegated nature or appearance.
жģб仯ıԻ
Being an individual or separate member of a class or group:
ģģΪһײȺһĳԱģ
The various reports all agreed.
ÿݱ涼õͬ
Archaic Changeable; variable.
 仯ģ仯޳
pron.(used with a pl. verb)Usage Problem ʣ븴ã÷ѡ 
Several different individuals.
ͬĸ
?
From Latin varius 
Դ  varius 
?
variously
adv.ʣ
variousness
n.ʣ
?
Various  is sometimes used as a pronoun, as inHe spoke to various of the members.   It is not clear why this usage should be regarded as an error, since it is supported by analogy to 
the uses of quantifiers such asfew, many,  and several.   But it has occasioned widespread critical objections;in an earlier survey the usage was found unacceptable by 91 percent of 
the Usage Panel.
Various ʱʣ ͳԱеĺü̸  Ϊfew, many  several ÷֧÷Ϊʲô÷һִͲȷ
ˡ ҲͬĹ㷺Եķԣһڵз֣÷רʹСİٷ֮ʮһĳԱԴ÷

= =
vary
var.y
AHD:[var?, v2r?] 
D.J.[6ve*ri8, 6v#ri8]
K.K.[6vWri, 6v#ri]
v.ʣ
var.ied[-?d] var.y.ing,var.ies[-?z]  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make or cause changes in the characteristics or attributes of; modify or alter.
ı䣺¡ϵĸı䣻޸Ļı
To give variety to; make diverse:
ʹ仯ʹ
vary one's diet.
ʹĳ˵ʳ
To introduce under new aspects; express in a different manner:
µòչʾµķ½ܣòͬķʽ
vary a musical tempo.
ıֽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To undergo or show change:
ֳܻ仯
The temperature varied throughout the day.
һ춼ڱ仯
To be different; deviate:
ͬƫ룺
vary from established patterns of behavior.See Synonyms at differ 
ѾΪģʽƫμ differ
To undergo successive or alternate changes in attributes or qualities:
ı䣬仯ϵĻı仯
Foliage varies with the seasons.
Ҷļı仯ı
?
Middle English varien [to undergo change] 
йӢ varien [ܱ仯] 
from Old French varier 
Դ ŷ varier 
from Latin vari3e 
Դ  vari3e 
from varius [various] 
Դ varius [ֶ] 
?
varyingly
adv.ʣ

= =
vase
vase
AHD:[v3s, v3z, v?z] 
D.J.[ve!s, ve!z, v$8z]
K.K.[ves, vez, v$z]
n.ʣ
An open container, as of glass or porcelain, used for holding flowers or for ornamentation.
ƿһֿƿ粣ƿװΪװ
?
French 
 
from Latin v3s [vessel] 
Դ  v3s [] 

= =
vast
vast
AHD:[v2st] 
D.J.[v#st]
K.K.[v#st]
adj.ݴʣ
vast.er,vast.est 
Very great in size, number, amount, or quantity.
޴ģڳߴ硢ĿϺܴ
Very great in area or extent; immense.
ģϺܴģ
Very great in degree or intensity.See Synonyms at enormous 
ǳģڳ̶ȻǿϺܴĲμ enormous
n.Archaic ʣ 
An immense space.
Ŀռ
?
Latin vastus 
 vastus 
?
vastly
adv.ʣ
vastness
n.ʣ

= =
vegetable
veg.e.ta.ble
AHD:[vjt-bl, vj1-t-] 
D.J.[6ved9t*b*l, 6ved9!t*-]
K.K.[6vWd9t*b*l, 6vWd9!t*-]
n.Abbr. veg.ʣд veg.
A plant cultivated for an edible part, such as the root of the beet, the leaf of spinach, or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower.
߲ˣʳֲֲֶ˸ҶҬˡҬ˵Ļٵ
The edible part of such a plant.
߲˵Ŀʳ
A member of the vegetable kingdom; a plant.
һ߲ˣ߲һԱֲ
A person who is regarded as dull, passive, or unresponsive.
塢ɢˣһޱġľɵĺ޷Ӧ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or derived from plants or a plant.
ֲģڡڻԴֲ
Suggestive of or resembling a plant.
ֲģʹֲ
Growing or multiplying like plants.
ܵģ㷺ģֲֳ
?
From Middle English [living and growing as plants do] 
Դ йӢ [ֲ] 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin veget3s 
Դ  veget3s 
from Late Latin [enlivening] 
Դ  [] 
from Latin veget3e [to enliven] 
Դ  veget3e [ʹ] 
from vegetus [lively] 
Դ vegetus [õ] 
from veg?e [to enliven] * see  weg- 
Դ veg?e [ʹ] *μ weg- 
?
When the speaker in Andrew Marvell's To his Coy Mistress tells his mistressthat Had we but world enough, and time . . . /My vegetable love should grow/Vaster than empires 
and more slow, he makes one think of pumpkins and eternity in one breath,as one critic has playfully suggested.However,vegetable  in this case is used figuratively in the 
sense, having the property of life and growth, as does a plant.This use is based on the ancient religious and philosophical notion of the tripartite soul as interpreted by the 
Scholastics:thevegetative  soul common to plants, animals, and humans; thesensitive  soul common to animals and humans; and therational  soul, found only in humans.  Vegetable 
love in Marvell's poem is thus a love that grows, takes nourishment, and reproduces,although it grows slowly.Marvell's use illustrates the original sense ofvegetable,  first recorded 
in the 15th century.In a work published in 1582 we find recorded for the first time the adjective use ofvegetable  familiar to us, having to do with plants. In a work of the same date 
appears the first instance ofvegetable  as a noun, meaning a plant. It is not until the 18th century that we find the noun and adjective used in the more restricted way associated 
with the injunction Eat your vegetables.
³Τġɬˡһʫе˵߸ 㹻ʱ䡭/ҵֲһİ/ȵ۹󡢸ʱʹ
ԼһϢ֮㣬ĳҿЦƵ˵Ȼvegetable Ǳڱϵģ ˼ǡֲһʡһ÷ǻɾ
Ժѧ͵ĹŴڽ̺ѧ֮ϵģvegetative Ϊֲ๲У sensitive Ϊ๲У rational ȴֻС 
ΤʫеġֲİһġȡӪֳİúΤһ÷ָʾvegetable ԭȵĺ壬 ¼15͡һ1582
ƷУǵһҵΪϤvegetable һʵݴ÷ļ¼˼ǡֲйصġ ͬһʱڵһƷУvegetable Ϊõĵһ
ӣ˼ǡֲ ֱ18ͣǲŷָʺݴʱ롰߲ˡһصĸƵķʽ

= =
vegetation
veg.e.ta.tion
AHD:[vj1-t3shn] 
D.J.[7ved9!6te!.*n]
K.K.[7vWd9!6te.*n]
n.ʣ
The act or process of vegetating.
ֲֲΪ
The plants of an area or a region; plant life:
ֲһֲֲ
The vegetation is lush on the Hawaiian Islands.
ĵϵֲܴд
Pathology An abnormal growth on the body.
ѧ ׸׸ࣺڵĲ̬
?
vegetational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
vehicle
ve.hi.cle
AHD:[v?1-kl] 
D.J.[6vi8!k*l]
K.K.[6vi!k*l]
n.ʣ
A device or structure for transporting persons or things; a conveyance:
ͨߣ˻߻ṹͨߣ
a space vehicle.

A self-propelled conveyance that runs on tires; a motor vehicle.
һװ̥Ľͨߣ
A medium through which something is transmitted, expressed, or accomplished:
ý飺ݡĳĹ߻ֶΣ
His novels are a vehicle for his political views.
С˵Ǵι۵ý
The concrete or specific word or phrase that is applied to the tenor of a metaphor and gives the metaphor its figurative power, aswalking shadow  in 
ʡʣĻضĴʻĳҪּҸñwalking shadowߵӰ  
Life's but a walking shadow(Shakespeare)
һߵӰ(ɯʿ)
A play, role, or piece of music used to display the special talents of one performer or company.
ƷɫʾĳһԱŵŻϷ硢ɫƷ
A substance of no therapeutic value used to convey an active medicine for administration.
ҩμһЧʣԴĳõҩʩ
A substance, such as oil, in which paint pigments are mixed for application.
ϣһԹʹõһʣ͵
?
Latin vehiculum 
 vehiculum 
from vehere [to carry] * see  wegh- 
Դ vehere [] *μ wegh- 

= =
veil
veil
AHD:[v3l] 
D.J.[ve!l]
K.K.[vel]
n.ʣ
A length of cloth worn by women over the head, shoulders, and often the face.
ɴŮͷϡԼͨϵһβ
A length of netting attached to a woman's hat or headdress, worn for decoration or to protect the head and face.
֣ڸŮñӻͷϵһ״װλ򱣻ͷ
The part of a nun's headdress that frames the face and falls over the shoulders.
Ůͷճ´Ůͷǲ
The life or vows of a nun.
Ů
A piece of light fabric hung to separate or conceal what is behind it; a curtain.
ᣣĻŵһᱡ֯ָλĶĻ
Something that conceals, separates, or screens like a curtain:
ڸָĻһءָڸĳĶ
a veil of secrecy.
صڸ
Biology A membranous covering or part, as that on the developing fruiting body of certain mushrooms; a velum.
ѧ ĻԵĤһĤԸǲеĲ֣ضĢڷչеʵϣĻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
veiled,veil.ing,veils 
To cover with or as if with a veil:
ɴڡΣɴƺɴǣ
Dense fog veiled the bridge.
Ũ
To conceal or disguise.
Σ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v?a [pl. of] v?lum [a covering] 
Դ  v?a  [] v?lumĸ [] 

= =
vein
vein
AHD:[v3n] 
D.J.[ve!n]
K.K.[ven]
n.ʣ
Anatomy Any of a branching system of membranous tubes that carry blood to the heart.
ѧ Ѫ֧״ĤԹϵͳ֮һ
A blood vessel.
Ѫ
Botany One of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other expanded plant organ.Also called  nervure 
ֲѧ ҶάҶ֮һγɴ֧һƬҶе֯չֲٵ֧״ṹҲ  nervure
Zoology One of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect.Also called  nervure 
ѧ ȹ̲֧ĳĽʳ֮һҲ  nervure
Geology A regularly shaped and lengthy occurrence of an ore; a lode.
ѧ ĳֿʯ״ĳ֣
A long, wavy strip of a different shade or color, as in wood or marble, or as mold in cheese.
·ƣͬɫȻɫĲγľĻʯУڸγɵ
A fissure, crack, or cleft.
ѷ죻϶
A pervading character or quality; a streak:
ʣɫһֱ鲼ʣɫ
All through the interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness(Mark Twain)See Synonyms at streak 
߳дͷβһָ˵ġֿķ(ˡ)μ streak
A transient attitude or mood.
һʱ̬Ȼ
A particular turn of mind:
ľ˼ĳһת䣺
spoke later in a more serious vein.
һָľ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
veined,vein.ing,veins 
To supply or fill with veins.
ʹ
To mark or decorate with veins.
ǻװ
?
Middle English veine 
йӢ veine 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v?a 
Դ  v?a 
?
veinal
adj.ݴʣ

= =
velocity
ve.loc.i.ty
AHD:[v-l?s1-t?] 
D.J.[v*6lKs!ti8]
K.K.[v*6l$s!ti]
n.ʣ
 ve.loc.i.ties 
Abbr. vel.Rapidity or speed of motion; swiftness.
д vel.Ѹ٣٣˶ĿٻٶȣѸ
Abbr. VPhysics A vector quantity whose magnitude is a body's speed and whose direction is the body's direction of motion.
д Vѧ ٶȣһֵΪʣ䷽Ϊ˶ķ
The rate of speed of action or occurrence.
ʣж
The rate at which money changes hands in an economy.
תʣĳһƶнǮֵ
?
Middle English velocite 
йӢ velocite 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v??cit3s} 
Դ  v??cit3s} 
from v??x}  v?l?c- [fast] * see  weg- 
Դ v??x}  v?l?c- [ٵ] *μ weg- 

= =
velvet
vel.vet
AHD:[vlv1t] 
D.J.[6velv!t]
K.K.[6vWlv!t]
n.ʣ
A soft fabric, such as silk, rayon, or nylon, having a smooth, dense pile and a plain underside.
˿ޣһ֯˿˿й⻬ŨܵëԼƽĵ
Something suggesting the smooth surface of velvet.
ƵĶ˿ޱ⻬Ķ
Smoothness; softness.
⻬
The soft, furry covering on the developing antlers of deer.
¹Ƥ¹ףڳɳе¹ϵëƤ
Informal 
ʽ 
The winnings of a gambler.
ͽӮõǮ
A profit or gain beyond what is expected or due.
ӯ棺ԤڵĻӦвֵȡ
New England See  milk shake See Regional Note at milk shake 
Ӣ μ  milk shake μ milk shake
?
Middle English veluet 
йӢ veluet 
probably from Old Proven?al 
Դ ˹ 
from Vulgar Latin *vill?s [diminutive of] .vill?tus 
Դ  *vill?s  [] vill?tusС׺ 
from Latin villus [shaggy hair, nap] 
Դ  villus [ëë] 

= =
vent
vent 1
AHD:[vnt] 
D.J.[vent]
K.K.[vWnt]
n.ʣ
A means of escape or release from confinement; an outlet:
йӱѵķй;
give vent to one's anger.
йŭ
An opening permitting the escape of fumes, a liquid, a gas, or steam.
ͨףŷſڣŷҺ塢Ŀ
The small hole at the breech of a gun through which the charge is ignited.
ţҩͨȼǹϵС
Zoology The excretory opening of the digestive tract in animals such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
ѧ ţжܶԼȶй
Geology 
ѧ 
The opening of a volcano in the earth's crust.
ɽڣؿеĻɽĿ
An opening on the ocean floor that emits hot water and dissolved minerals.
ײɢˮܽʵһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
vent.ed,vent.ing,vents 
To give often forceful expression or utterance to.
йͨǿı
To release or discharge (steam, for example) through an opening.
ӿŷţȣ
To provide with a vent.
ṩŷſ
?
Partly from French vent  from Old French 
Դ  vent  Դ ŷ 
and partly alteration of French vent  from Old French esvent  from esventer [to let out air]  from Vulgar Latin *exvent3e  Latin ex- * see  ex-  Latin ventus [wind] * see  w?- 
  ventĲֱ仯  Դ ŷ esvent  Դ esventer [ŷſ]  Դ  *exvent3e   ex- *μ ex-  ventus [] *μ w?- 
?
venter
n.ʣ
?
vent,express,utter,voice,air
These verbs mean to give outlet to thoughts or emotions.Tovent  is to unburden oneself of a strong pent-up emotion:  
Щʵ˼Ϊ˼ṩкķʽvent ָƵǿҸ飺  
She was jealous . . . and glad of any excuse to vent her pique  (Edward G.E.L. Bulwer-Lytton).
 ʡҽڷйŭΪ֡  »G.E.L. -٣
 Express,   a more comprehensive term,refers to communication both by verbal and by nonverbal means: 
 Express  һӵĴָǼͨͨ﷽ʽʵֵĽ 
can't express the idea adequately in words;
ֵر˼룻
expressed her affection with a hug;
ӵĸ飻
expressing emotion in the form of art  (T.S. Eliot).
 ʽС (T.S. أ
 Utter   involves vocal expression;it may imply speech but can also refer to inarticulate sounds: 
 Utter  ˼ָҲָڳݲ 
The words were uttered in the hearing of Montezuma  (William Hickling Prescott). 
ʱ³Щʡ ϣ֡˹أ 
The Canon uttered a resounding sigh  (John Galsworthy).
 ڷĺХ Լ߶˹磩
 Voice   denotes the expression in speech or writing of the outlook or viewpoint of a person or, often, of a group: 
 Voice  ˼дĳ˻ͨΪĳĹ۵򿴷 
The judge voiced her satisfaction that the jury had reached a verdict.
ٶöʾ⡣
The majority leader rose to voice the party's opposition to the bill.  Toair  is to give vent to and often to show off one's feelings, beliefs, or ideas:  
ʾõԷ air ָǱﲢָͨҫԼĸܡ뷨  
He wants a forum where he can air his favorite theory. 
ٿһۻҫΪ͵ 
?
vent
vent 2
AHD:[vnt] 
D.J.[vent]
K.K.[vWnt]
n.ʣ
A slit in a garment, as in the back seam of a pocket.
ãã·ϵӣڿڴĺ󲿷
?
Middle English vente 
йӢ vente 
alteration  probably influenced by Old French vent [wind] 
   ŷ ventӰ [] 
of fente 
 fenteı仯 
from Old French [slit] 
Դ ŷ [] 
from fendre [to split open] 
Դ fendre [˺] 
from Latin findere * see  fission 
Դ  findere *μ fission

= =
ventilate
ven.ti.late
AHD:[vntl-3t] 
D.J.[6ventl7e!t]
K.K.[6vWnt17et]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ven.ti.lat.ed,ven.ti.lat.ing,ven.ti.lates 
To admit fresh air into (a mine, for example) to replace stale or noxious air.
ʹͨ磬ʹͨʹʿ루󾮣滻ʵĻжĿ
To circulate through and freshen:
ѭԸ£
A sea breeze ventilated the rooms.
һ󺣷ʹĿ
To provide with a vent, as for airing.
ṩͨͨ
To expose (a substance) to the circulation of fresh air, as to retard spoilage.
Ϊͨףѣһ壩¶ʿѭԼ
To expose to public discussion or examination:
ۣ¶ۻ飺
The students ventilated their grievances.
ѧǹʾǵķŭ
To aerate or oxygenate (blood).
ṩѪҺڣѪ
?
Middle English ventilaten [to blow away] 
йӢ ventilaten [] 
from Latin ventil3e  ventil3t- [to fan] 
Դ  ventil3e  ventil3t- [] 
from ventulus [diminutive of] ventus [wind] * see  w?- 
Դ ventulus  [] ventusС׺ [] *μ w?- 
?
ventilation
n.ʣ

= =
venture
ven.ture
AHD:[vnchr] 
D.J.[6vent.*]
K.K.[6vWnt.+]
n.ʣ
An undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of uncertain outcome.
ðҵΣյġ󵨵Ļֲȷҵ
A business enterprise involving some risk in expectation of gain.
ҵϵͶΪӮðյҵ
Something, such as money or cargo, at hazard in a risky enterprise.
Ͷ󣻶עðҵдڷյĶǮ
v.ʣ
ven.tured,ven.tur.ing,ven.tures 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expose to danger or risk:
ðΣգʹΣջУ
ventured her entire fortune.
ðʧȥвƲķ
To brave the dangers of:
ðգ
ventured the high seas in a small boat.
Сڹðպ
To express at the risk of denial, criticism, or censure:
ð䣻󵨱ʾڴڱл𱸵Σվر
I would venture to guess that Anon., who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman(Virginia Woolf)
ðز²⣬Ǹд˶ʫ϶ǸŮˡ(ǡֶ)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To take a risk; dare.
ðգðգ
To proceed despite possible danger or risk:
עһһУӿܷΣջռǰУ
ventured into the wilderness.
ðսҰ
?
at a venture
By mere chance or fortune; at random.
ɣҵأ
?
Middle English [chance] 
йӢ [] 
short for aventure [adventure] * see  adventure 
 aventureļд [ð] *μ adventure
?
venturer
n.ʣ

= =
verb
verb
AHD:[v?rb] 
D.J.[vT8b]
K.K.[vPb]
n.Abbr. v.,vb.ʣд v.,vb.
The part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence in most languages.
ʣڴбڡΪǲִ
Any of the words within this part of speech, asbe, run,  or conceive.  
ʣôڵһʣbe, run  conceive  
A phrase or other construction used as a verb.
ʽṹʵĶṹ
?
Middle English verbe 
йӢ verbe 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin verbum [word, verb] * see  wer- 5
Դ  verbum [ʣ] *μ wer- 5

= =
verbal
ver.bal
AHD:[v?rbl] 
D.J.[6vT8b*l]
K.K.[6vPb*l]
adj.Abbr. vb.ݴʣд vb.
Of, relating to, or associated with words:
Դǵģֵģڡڻ漰Դǵģ
a verbal picture.

Concerned with words only rather than with content or ideas:
ϵģǵģֻԴйضݻ˼޹صģ
a merely verbal distinction.
ֻǴϵĲ
Consisting of words alone without action:
ͷģֻ˵ģԴǵɶжģ
a verbal confrontation.
Դǳͻ
Expressed in spoken rather than written words; oral:
ͷģģÿģ
a verbal contract.
ͷԼ
Corresponding word for word; literal:
ֵģһһӦģֵģ
a verbal translation.
ֱֵ
Grammar 
﷨ 
Relating to, having the nature or function of, or derived from a verb.
ʵģڻжʵʻܵģԴڶʵ
Used to form verbs:
ڹɶʵģ
a verbal suffix.
ڹɶʵĺ׺
Of or relating to proficiency in the use and understanding of words:
̶ȵģڻʹúԴǵ̶ȵģ
a verbal aptitude test.
̶ȵ
n.Grammar ʣ﷨ 
A verbal noun or adjective.
Եʣʻݴ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin verb3s 
Դ  verb3s 
from Latin verbum [word] * see  verb 
Դ  verbum [] *μ verb
?
verbally
adv.ʣ
?
Verbal  has been used to refer to spoken, as opposed to written, communication by reputable writers since the 16th century, and the usage cannot be considered incorrect.But critics are 
right to observe that this use ofverbal  may sometimes invite confusion with the use meaning by linguistic means. Thus the phrasemodern technologies for verbal communication  
may refer only to devices such as radio, the telephone, and the loudspeaker, or also may refer to devices such as the telegraph, the teletype, and the fax machine.In such contexts the 
wordoral  is always available to convey the narrower sense of communication by spoken means. 
Verbal 16һֱΪʹãָ潻ԵĿͷ ҲΪһ÷ǲȷġȴȷ˵verbal һ÷Щʱ
ָͨԵķʽ÷ ɴmodern technologies for verbal communicationԽִ һָֻߵ㲥绰Լ
֮װã Ҳпָ籨紫ֻԼ֮װáУoral һʾÿͷʽϵĽ 

= =
verdict
ver.dict
AHD:[v?rd1kt] 
D.J.[6vT8d!kt]
K.K.[6vPd!kt]
n.ʣ
Law The finding of a jury in a trial.
ɡ öŵĲþ
An expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion:
ۣжѱĽۣжϻ
the verdict of history.
ʷĶ
?
Middle English verdit 
йӢ verdit 
from Anglo-Norman 
Դ Ӣ 
ver [true]  from Latin v?s * see  w?ro- 
ver [ʵ]  Դ  v?s *μ w?ro- 
dit [speech]  from Latin dictum [from neuter past participle of] docere [to say] * see  deik- 
dit [ݽ]  Դ  dictum  [] ԴdocereԹȥִ [˵] *μ deik- 

= =
verge
verge 1
AHD:[v?rj] 
D.J.[vT8d9]
K.K.[vPd9]
n.ʣ
The extreme edge or margin; a border.See Synonyms at border 
ߣأԵ˵ı߻Եأ߽μ border
An enclosing boundary.
ޣΧϵı߽
The space enclosed by such a boundary.
Χ򣺱ýΧϵĿռ
The point beyond which an action, a state, or a condition is likely to begin or occur; the brink:
ʼ㣬ٽ㣺Ϊ״̬ڳõʱܿʼһ㣻ʼ㣺
on the verge of tears; a nation on the verge of economic prosperity.
ҪˣһüٵĹ
Architecture The edge of the tiling that projects over a roof gable.
ѧ ɽǽͻߣܿߣˮߣͻݶɽǽϵĸߵıԵ
Chiefly British The shoulder of a road.
Ӣ ·磬·
A rod, wand, or staff carried as an emblem of authority or office.
ȨȣΪȨְλЯȡ
Obsolete The rod held by a feudal tenant while swearing fealty to a lord.
 ȣ⽨ʱĵũЧʱֳֵ
The spindle of a balance wheel in a clock or watch, especially such a spindle in a clock with vertical escapement.
᣺ӱڵƽֵᣬָдֱֵڰ
The male organ of copulation in certain invertebrates.
 ֳ٣ĳЩ޼׵ֳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
verged,verg.ing,verg.es 
To approach the nature or condition of something specified; come close. Used withon : 
ӽƽӽָĳʻ߽on ã 
a brilliance verging on genius.
ŵĲ
To be on the edge or border:
ڱػԵ
Her land verges on the neighboring township.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French [rod, ring] 
Դ ŷ [ȣָ] 
from Latin virga [rod, strip] 
Դ  virga [ȣ] 
?
verge
verge 2
AHD:[v?rj] 
D.J.[vT8d9]
K.K.[vPd9]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
verged,verg.ing,verg.es 
To slope or incline.
б
To tend to move in a particular direction:
ӽڣĳһضķƶ
the Neoclassicism . . . away from which they subsequently verged(Hugh Honour)
ƫˡ¹ŵ塱(ݡ)
To pass or merge gradually:
򣬽䣺ͨϲ
dusk verging into night.
ɫذ
?
Latin vergere * see  wer- 2
 vergere *μ wer- 2

= =
very
ver.y
AHD:[vr?] 
D.J.[6veri8]
K.K.[6vWri]
adv.ʣ
In a high degree; extremely:
ܣ䣺̶ȸߣǳ
very happy; very much admired.
ǳˣܰ
Truly; absolutely:
أȫأ
the very best advice; attended the very same schools.
õĽ飻ͬһѧУѧ
Very Abbr. v.,V.Used in titles:
 Very д v.,V.ڳν
the Very Reverend Jane Smith.
𾴵ļʷ˹
adj.ݴʣ
ver.i.er,ver.i.est 
Complete; absolute:
ģԵģ
at the very end of his career; the very opposite.
ְҵĵδڣ
Being the identical one; selfsame:
һģͬһģ
the very question she asked yesterday.See Synonyms at same 
ʵͬһμ same
Used to emphasize the importance of the thing named:
̶ȵģǿָʾĶҪԵģ
The very essence of artistic expression is invention(Irving R. Kaufman)
ѧǵҪǴ⡱(ŷR.)
Being particularly suitable or appropriate:
Ǹģرʺϻǡģ
the very item needed to increase sales.
ǡҪǸĿ
Being precisely as stated:
ǡõģǳʵģ
the very center of town.

Mere:
ģ
The very thought is frightening.
˺
Actual:
ȷʵģ
caught in the very act of stealing.
ʱס
Genuine; true:
ģʵģ
Like very sanctity, she did approach(Shakespeare)
ǳϵأĽӽˡ(ɯʿ)
?
Middle English verrai 
йӢ verrai 
from Old French verai [true] 
Դ ŷ verai [ʵ] 
from Vulgar Latin *v?3cus} 
Դ  *v?3cus} 
from Latin v?3x}  v?r3c- 
Դ  v?3x}  v?r3c- 
from Latin v?s * see  w?ro- 
Դ  v?s *μ w?ro- 
?
In general usagevery  is not used alone to modify a past participle. Thus we may say of a book, for example, that it has beenvery much praised, very much criticized, very much 
applauded,  or whatever, but not that it has beenvery praised, very criticized,  or very applauded.   However, many past participle forms do double duty as adjectives,in which case 
modification by a barevery,  or by analogous adverbs such as quite,  is acceptable: there can be no objection to phrases such asa very creased handkerchief, a very celebrated singer,  
or a very polished performance.  In some cases there is disagreement as to whether a particular participle can be used properly as an adjective:over the years objections have been 
raised as to the use ofvery  by itself with delighted, interested, annoyed, pleased, disappointed,  and irritated.   All these words are now well established as adjectives,as indicated by 
the fact that they can be used attributively ( 
һ÷very ǽ޴ǹȥִʡ ǿ˵һvery much praised, very much criticized, very much applaudedƳģģģ 
ʲô ǲ˵very praised, very criticizedƳģģ  very applauded  Ȼȥִݴʵ˫عܣֻvery 
Ƶĸʱ quite иǿԽܵģ һЩa very creased handkerchief, a very celebrated singerر֪ĸ֣  a very polished 
performanceݳ 顣 ʱǷһضķִݴʵЩ磺ڰvery  delighted, interested, annoyed, pleased, 
disappointed ģȤģģ˵ģʧģ  irritatedŭģ һЩ顣 ЩʶѱȷݴʹãѱǿԵ
ʵ֤( 
a delighted audience,
ִŵĹڣ
a pleased look,
˵ı飬
a disappointed young man) 
ͷɥ) 
 as well as by other syntactic criteria.But the status of other participles is still in flux.Some speakers accept phrases such asvery appreciated, very astonished,  or very heartened,   
while others prefer alternatives usingvery much.   What is more, some participles allow treatment as adjectives in one sense but not another:one may speak ofa very inflated 
reputation,  for example, but not, ordinarily, of a very inflated balloon.  As a result, there is no sure way to tell which participles may be modified by a barevery syntactic tests such as 
the use of the participle as an attributive adjective will themselves yield different judgments for different speakersand writers must trust their ears.When in doubt, the use ofvery 
much  is generally the safer alternative. 
Ҳ䷨׼ִʵλûԾڱ䶯һЩͬvery appreciated, very astonishedǳ͵ģǳȵģ  very heartenedܹ
 Ĵ飬 һЩϲѡʹvery much ǳģ ÷ ⣬ЩִĳЩݴʣϣһ˿˵a very inflated 
reputationܺõ һ㲻˵ a very inflated balloonܹĵ򣩡  һͺѱһִֻvery Ρ䷨飬 Ϊһݴʵķִ
÷ڲͬ˵ܲͬжϡ߱ǵĶ䡣ʱvery much ÷ͨһȽϰȫѡ 

= =
verify
ver.i.fy
AHD:[vr-fo] 
D.J.[6ver*7fa!]
K.K.[6vWr*7fa!]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ver.i.fied[-fod] ver.i.fy.ing,ver.i.fies[-foz]  
To prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony; substantiate.
֤֤ʵͨṩ֤ݻ֤֤֤ࣻʵ֤и
To determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or reference:
ʵԣ壺ͨȽϡοȷ򿼲顭ʵԻȷԣ
conducted experiments to verify the hypothesis.See Synonyms at confirm 
ʵ֤ʵμ confirm
Law 
ɡ 
To affirm formally or under oath.
֤ʽػ֤ʵ
To append a verification to (a pleading); conclude with a verification.
жĳ֤ʣ֤о
?
Middle English verifien 
йӢ verifien 
from Old French verifier 
Դ ŷ verifier 
from Medieval Latin v?3re} 
Դ  v?3re} 
Latin v?s [true] * see  w?ro- 
 v?s [] *μ w?ro- 
Latin -fic3e [-fy] 
 -fic3e [ʹΪ] 
?
verifier
n.ʣ

= =
versatile
ver.sa.tile
AHD:[v?rs-tl, -tol] 
D.J.[6vT8s*t*l, -7ta!l]
K.K.[6vPs*t*l, -7ta!l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of doing many things competently.
Ŷյ
Having varied uses or serving many functions:
;Ļ߶๦ܵģ
The most versatile of vegetables is the tomato(Craig Claiborne)
߲;(׸񡤿)
Variable or inconstant; changeable:
޳ģױģ
a versatile temperament.
޳Ը
Biology Capable of moving freely in all directions, as the antenna of an insect, the toe of an owl, or the loosely attached anther of a flower.
ѧ תģַģĴǡֺɢĻҩ
?
Latin vers3s 
 vers3s 
from vers3s [past participle of] vers3re [to turn] * see  wer- 2
Դ vers3s  [] vers3reĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
versatilely
adv.ʣ
versatility
AHD:[-t1l1-t?]   versa.tile.ness [-tl-n1s, -tol-] ʣ
?
versatile,all-around,many-sided,multifaceted,multifarious
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is having many aspects, uses, or abilities: 
Щݴе˼ǡķ桢; 
a versatile writer;
Ŷյң
an all-around athlete;
ȫ˶Ա
a many-sided subject;
⣻
a multifaceted undertaking;
෽ҵ
multifarious interests. 
ְ 

= =
verse
verse 1
AHD:[v?rs] 
D.J.[vT8s]
K.K.[vPs]
n.ʣ
Abbr. ver.,v.
д ver.,v.
A single metrical line in a poetic composition; one line of poetry.
ʫ䣻ʫУһʫеһʫУʫһ
A division of a metrical composition, such as a stanza of a poem or hymn.
ʫУʫڣʫĵһ֣ʫڻ
A poem.
ʫ
Metrical or rhymed composition as distinct from prose; poetry.
ģɢĲͬģʫ
The art or work of a poet.
ʫʫƷ
A group of poems:
һʫ
read a book of satirical verse.
Ķһʫ
Metrical writing that lacks depth or artistic merit.
ģȱȻƷ
A particular type of metrical composition, such as blank verse or free verse.
ʫ壺ĵһʽϽʫʫ
One of the numbered subdivisions of a chapter in the Bible.
ʥеĽڣʥ½жС֮һ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
versed,vers.ing,vers.es 
To versify or engage in versifying.
ʫߴʫ
?
Middle English vers 
йӢ vers 
from Old English fers 
Դ Ӣ fers 
and from Old French vers 
Դ ŷ vers 
both from Latin versus [from past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
Դ  versus  [] ԴvertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
verse
verse 2
AHD:[v?rs] 
D.J.[vT8s]
K.K.[vPs]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
versed,vers.ing,vers.es 
To familiarize by study or experience:
ʹ߾ͨ
He versed himself in philosophy.
ѧܾͨ
?
Latin vers3e * see  versatile 
 vers3e *μ versatile

= =
version
ver.sion
AHD:[v?rzhn, -shn] 
D.J.[6vT89*n, -.*n]
K.K.[6vP9*n, -.*n]
n.Abbr. ver.,v.ʣд ver.,v.
A description or an account from one point of view, especially as opposed to another:
ĳ˻ĳһǶȵһ˵رһģ
Your version of the accident differs from mine.
¹ʵҵĲͬ
A translation from another language.
룺һԵķ
Often Version A translation of the entire Bible or a part of it.
  Version 뱾ʥĻֵ߲
A particular form or variation of an earlier or original type:
ĳʽȻʽһֱ壺
a modern version of the one-room schoolhouse.
ֻһУĸʽ
An adaptation of a work of art or literature into another medium or style:
汾һѧƷһýʽĸıࣺ
the film version of a famous novel.
һıĵӰ
Medicine 
ҽѧ 
Manipulation of a fetus in the uterus to bring it into a desirable position for delivery.
̥λתΪӹڵ̥Ūλ
Deflection of an organ, such as the uterus, from its normal position.
תʹһ٣ӹǰλ÷ת
?
French 
 
from Old French [act of turning] 
Դ ŷ [תĶ] 
from Medieval Latin versi?}  versi?n- 
Դ  versi?}  versi?n- 
from Latin versus [past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
Դ  versus  [] vertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2
?
versional
adj.ݴʣ

= =
versus
ver.sus
AHD:[v?rss, -sz] 
D.J.[6vT8s*s, -s*z]
K.K.[6vPs*s, -s*z]
prep.Abbr. v.,vs.ʣд v.,vs.
Against:
ԣ
the plaintiff versus the defendant; Army versus Navy.
ԭԱ棻½Ժ
As the alternative to or in contrast with:
롭෴롭ԣ
freedom of information versus invasion of privacy(Ian Hamilton)
Ϣ볭ϮȨԡ(ܶ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Medieval Latin 
Դ  
from Latin [turned, toward] [from past participle of] vertere [to turn] * see  wer- 2
Դ  [תģ]  [] ԴvertereĹȥִ [ת] *μ wer- 2

= =
vertical
ver.ti.cal
AHD:[v?rt1-kl] 
D.J.[6vT8t!k*l]
K.K.[6vPt!k*l]
adj.Abbr. vert.ݴʣд vert.
Being or situated at right angles to the horizon; upright.
ֱģˮƽɻֱǵģ
Situated at the vertex or highest point; directly overhead.
ģڶߵģͷϷ
Anatomy Of or relating to the vertex of the head.
ѧ ͷ­ģͷĻص
Economics Relating to or involving all stages from production to sale:
ѧ ϵģֱϲģȫ̵ģ
vertical integration.
۸׶ε
Relating to or composed of elements at different levels, as of society.
ϳɵģͳϵģиֲͬɴ˵
n.ʣ
Something vertical, as a line, plane, or circle.
ֱֱĶ紹ֱߣֱֱԲ
A vertical position.
ֱλ
?
Late Latin vertic3s [overhead] 
 vertic3s [ͷ] 
from Latin vertex  vertic- [highest point] * see  vertex 
Դ  vertex  vertic- [ߵ] *μ vertex
?
verticality
AHD:[-k2l1-t?]   verti.cal.ness [-kl-n1s] ʣ
vertically
adv.ʣ
?
vertical,upright,perpendicular,plumb
These adjectives are compared as they mean being at or approximately at right angles to the horizon or to level ground.
ЩݴǱˮƽɻ߼ֱʱŻȽϡ
 Vertical   and especiallyupright  are often used to signify contrast with what is horizontal; the terms do not always imply an exact right angle: 
 Vertical  رupright ˮƽȣ Щʲָȷеֱǣ 
wallpaper with vertical stripes;
ʽƵǽֽ
an upright column.
ֱӡ
Perpendicular   andplumb  are generally used to specify an angle of precisely 90 degrees:  
Perpendicular  plumb һָȷ90ȵĽǶȣ  
a perpendicular escarpment;
ֱͱڣ
careful to make the doorjambs plumb. 
Сſ򱣳ֱִ 

= =
vessel
ves.sel
AHD:[vsl] 
D.J.[6ves*l]
K.K.[6vWs*l]
n.ʣ
A hollow utensil, such as a cup, vase, or pitcher, used as a container, especially for liquids.
һֿյ籭ӡƿӻӣװҺһ
Nautical A craft, especially one larger than a rowboat, designed to navigate on water.
 Ȼͧһִˮϵ
An airship.
ɴ
Anatomy A duct, canal, or other tube that contains or conveys a body fluid:
ѧ ܣߵҺĵܣ
a blood vessel.
Ѫ
Botany One of the tubular conductive structures of xylem, consisting of dead cylindrical cells that are attached end to end and connected by perforations. They are found in nearly all 
flowering plants.
ֲѧ ʲһֵܽṹԲ״ϸһһɿпֲжҵ
A person seen as the agent or embodiment, as of a quality:
ĻΪĳƷʻ߾Ļˣ
a vessel of mercy.
ȱĻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Late Latin v3m 
Դ  v3m 
diminutive of Latin v3m [diminutive of] v3s [vessel] 
  v3׺  [] v3sС׺ [] 

= =
vest
vest
AHD:[vst] 
D.J.[vest]
K.K.[vWst]
n.ʣ
A sleeveless garment, often having buttons down the front, worn usually over a shirt or blouse and sometimes as part of a three-piece suit.
ףһ·ǰпۣڳ»µ棬ʱΪһ
A waist-length, sleeveless garment worn for protection:
£ڷһֵ·
a thick, down vest; a bulletproof vest.
ʵëģ
A fabric trim worn to fill in the neckline of a woman's garment; a vestee.
VβһŮ·һ֯װΣʽ
Chiefly British An undershirt.
Ӣ 
Archaic Clothing; raiment.
 ·װ
Obsolete An ecclesiastical vestment.
 
v.ʣ
vest.ed,vest.ing,vests 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To place (authority, property, or rights, for example) in the control of a person or group, especially to give someone an immediate right to present or future possession or enjoyment of 
(an estate, for example). Used within : 
Ȩĳ˻ȺȨƲȨرǸĳ˶Եǰ߽Ʋ֣زȨin һã 
vested his estate in his daughter.
ĵزȨŮ
To invest or endow (a person or group) with something, such as power or rights. Used withwith : 
裬裺ṩ裨ĳ˻Ⱥ壩һЩȨwith һʹã 
vested the council with broad powers; vests its employees with full pension rights after five years of service.
㷺Ȩߣʹȫݽĸ
To clothe or robe, as in ecclesiastical vestments.
·̷ϣ̷ָ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become legally vested.
Ϸر
To dress oneself, especially in ecclesiastical vestments.
ԼװϽ̷
?
French veste [robe] 
 veste [] 
from Italian vesta 
Դ  vesta 
from Latin vestis [garment] * see  wes- 2
Դ  vestis [·] *μ wes- 2

= =
veteran
vet.er.an
AHD:[vtr-n, vtrn] 
D.J.[6vet*r*n, 6vetr*n]
K.K.[6vWt*r*n, 6vWtr*n]
n.Abbr. vet.ʣд vet.
A person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or a capacity:
֣ߣһлһʸϻоˣ
a veteran of political campaigns.
ζ
A person who has served in the armed forces:
ϱһֱھӷ۵ˣ
Privilege, a token income . . . were allowed for veterans of both world wars(Mavis Gallant)
Ȩһ롭ǲμӹսϱӵеġ(ά˹)
An old soldier who has seen long service.
սʿйϳڵϱ
adj.ݴʣ
Having had long experience or practice:
ḻģģ
a veteran actor.
Ա
Of or relating to former members of the armed forces:
սģ۵ģ˵Ļйصģ
veteran benefits.

?
Latin veter3s 
 veter3s 
from vetus  veter- [old] * see  wet- 2
Դ vetus  veter- [ϵ] *μ wet- 2

= =
veto
ve.to
AHD:[v?t?] 
D.J.[6vi8t*&]
K.K.[6vito]
n.ʣ
 ve.toes 
The vested power or constitutional right of one branch or department of government to refuse approval of measures proposed by another department, especially the power of a chief 
executive to reject a bill passed by the legislature and thus prevent or delay its enactment into law.
Ȩķ֧ŵļȶȨܷȨԷһķرָٵķͨ鰸Ȩֹ鰸ЧΪ
Exercise of this right.
Ȩʹ
An official document or message from a chief executive stating the reasons for rejection of a bill.
飺ٸһݹٷļģ鰸ԭ
An authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or intended act.
ֹֹĻ׼жȨԽֹ߷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ve.toed,ve.to.ing,ve.toes 
To prevent (a legislative bill) from becoming law by exercising the power of veto.
ͨʹȨʹγɷ
To forbid or prohibit authoritatively.
ȨԵĽֹ
?
From Latin vet?} [first person sing. present tense of] vet3re [to forbid] 
Դ  vet?}  [] vet3reĵһ˳Ƶʱ [ֹ] 
?
vetoer
n.ʣ

= =
vex
vex
AHD:[vks] 
D.J.[veks]
K.K.[vWks]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
vexed,vex.ing,vex.es 
To annoy, as with petty importunities; bother.See Synonyms at annoy 
ʹ鷳ʹΪС¶գʹջμ annoy
To cause perplexity in; puzzle.
ʹңʹ
To bring distress or suffering to; plague or afflict.
ʹʹࣺʹĥʹѻʹܿ
To debate or discuss (a question, for example) at length.
ۣϸۣһ⣩
To toss about or shake up.
ʹӿ
?
Middle English vexen 
йӢ vexen 
from Old French vexer 
Դ ŷ vexer 
from Latin vex3e * see  wegh- 
Դ  vex3e *μ wegh- 
?
vexedly
AHD:[vks1d-l?] ʣ
vexer
n.ʣ
vexingly
adv.ʣ

= =
via
vi.a
AHD:[vo, v?] 
D.J.[6va!*, 6vi8*]
K.K.[6va!*, 6vi*]
prep.ʣ
By way of:

went to Pittsburgh via Philadelphia.
ѳǵƥȱ
By means of:
ͨƾ裺
sent the letter via airmail.
ͨʼ
?
Latin vi3} [ablative of] via [road] * see  wegh- 
 vi3}  [] viaĶ [·] *μ wegh- 

= =
vibrate
vi.brate
AHD:[vobr3t] 
D.J.[6va!7bre!t]
K.K.[6va!7bret]
v.ʣ
vi.brat.ed,vi.brat.ing,vi.brates 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move back and forth or to and fro, especially rhythmically and rapidly.See Synonyms at swing 
ڶ񶯣Ѹٲнƶμ swing
To feel a quiver of emotion.
ϵ
To shake or move with or as if with a slight quivering or trembling motion:
𶯻ƶŻһϵĶ
Even as the film moved . . . to the more deadly fields of Vietnam, old hatreds vibrated in me(Loudon Wainwright)
ܵӰԽϸ򣬹ϵҵ𶯡(͵ǡΤ)
To produce a sound; resonate.

To fluctuate or waver in making choices; vacillate.
ԥѡʱذڶڶ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to tremble or quiver.
ʹ
To cause to move back and forth rapidly.
ڶʹѸƶ
To produce (sound) by vibration.
ͨ񶯲
?
Latin vibr3e  vibr3t- * see  weip- 
 vibr3e  vibr3t- *μ weip- 

= =
vibration
vi.bra.tion
AHD:[vo-br3shn] 
D.J.[va!6bre!.*n]
K.K.[va!6bre.*n]
n.ʣ
The act of vibrating.
񶯣񶯵Ϊ
The condition of being vibrated.
񶯣񶯵״̬
Physics 
ѧ 
A rapid linear motion of a particle or of an elastic solid about an equilibrium position.
񶯣һƽλøһӻԹѸٵֱ˶
A periodic process.
һڼĹ
A single complete vibrating motion; a quiver.
һڶ
Slang A distinctive emotional aura or atmosphere regarded as being instinctively sensed or experienced. Often used in the plural:
ٵ Ӧһֶصϵջ߻ΪֱܱоġڸУ
Miami gives off the same vibrations, the same portent of disaster, but with a difference(James Atlas)
ṩһĻһĲ֮ףһ(ղķ˹˹)
?
vibrational
adj.ݴʣ

= =
vice
vice 1
AHD:[vos] 
D.J.[va!s]
K.K.[va!s]
n.ʣ
An evil, degrading, or immoral practice or habit.
ΪϰаġĻ߲µΪϰ
A serious moral failing.
˷ףصĵ°ܻ
Wicked or evil conduct or habits; corruption.
ΪаΪϰߣ
Sexual immorality, especially prostitution.
ԹϵĲ£ָ
A slight personal failing; a foible:
ȱݣ΢ĸȱ㣻С
the vice of untidiness.See Synonyms at fault 
ɾȱμ fault
A flaw or an imperfection; a defect.
ȱ߲ȱ
A physical defect or weakness.
ϵȱݻ
An undesirable habit, such as crib-biting, in a domestic animal.
ڵĶ񱣺һֲõϰߣеҧ
Vice 
 Vice 
A character representing generalized or particular vice in English morality plays.
ĽɫӢ¾гضǰݵĴĽɫ
A jester or buffoon.
ȡЦ߻
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vitium 
Դ  vitium 
?
vice
vice 2
AHD:[vos] 
D.J.[va!s]
K.K.[va!s]
n.ʣ
v.ʣ
Variant of vise 
 viseı
?
vice
vice 3
AHD:[vos?, -s] 
D.J.[6va!si8, -s*]
K.K.[6va!si, -s*]
prep.ʣ
In place of; replacing.
棻
?
Latin 
 
ablative of *vix [change] * see  vice- 
 *vixĶʽ [仯] *μ vice-

= =
vicinity
vi.cin.i.ty
AHD:[v1-s1n1-t?] 
D.J.[v!6s!n!ti8]
K.K.[v!6s!n!ti]
n.ʣ
 vi.cin.i.ties д vic.
The state of being near in space or relationship; proximity:
ڽռ߹ϵڣڽ
two restaurants in close vicinity.
Ҳ
A nearby, surrounding, or adjoining region; a neighborhood.
һΧƻ߰ŵĵھ
An approximate degree or amount:
Լĳ̶Ȼ
houses priced in the vicinity of $200,000.
۴ԼΪ200,000Ԫ
?
Latin voonit3s} 
 voonit3s} 
from voonus} [neighboring] 
Դ voonus} [ڵ] 
from vos [neighborhood] * see  weik- 1
Դ vos [ھ] *μ weik- 1

= =
vicious
vi.cious
AHD:[v1shs] 
D.J.[6v!.*s]
K.K.[6v!.*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having the nature of vice; evil, immoral, or depraved.
аģаıʵģ񶾵ġµĻ߶
Given to vice, immorality, or depravity.
ƷвģаġµĻ߶
Spiteful; malicious:
ɶģжģ
vicious gossip.
˵л
Disposed to or characterized by violent or destructive behavior.See Synonyms at cruel 
ײеĻ߶񶾵ģڲ̻ƻΪĻԴΪصĲμ cruel
Marked by an aggressive disposition; savage. Used chiefly of animals.
͵ģΪصģҰġҪڶ
Faulty, imperfect, or otherwise impaired by defects or a defect:
ȱģȱġ覴õĻ覴ƻģ
a forced, vicious style of prose.
Ȼȱ
Impure; foul.
ࣻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French vicieus 
Դ ŷ vicieus 
from Latin viti?s 
Դ  viti?s 
from vitium [vice] 
Դ vitium [] 
?
viciously
adv.ʣ
viciousness
n.ʣ

= =
victim
vic.tim
AHD:[v1kt1m] 
D.J.[6v!kt!m]
K.K.[6v!kt!m]
n.ʣ
One who is harmed or killed by another:
ܺߣһ˺ɱˣ
a victim of a mugging.
˽ܺ
A living creature slain and offered as a sacrifice during a religious rite.
ƷڽʽеɱΪƷĻĶ
One who is harmed by or made to suffer from an act, circumstance, agency, or condition:
ߣĳһΪ״˺˻ܺڴ˵ˣ
victims of war.
սܺ
A person who suffers injury, loss, or death as a result of a voluntary undertaking:
ҿԵˣߣԸҵʹʧˣ
You are a victim of your own scheming.
ԼƻƷ
A person who is tricked, swindled, or taken advantage of:
ƭߣϵߣƭϵ߱۸ˣ
the victim of a cruel hoax.
һƭֵܺ
?
Latin victima 
 victima 
?
victimhood
AHD:[-h?d] ʣ

= =
victorious
vic.to.ri.ous
AHD:[v1k-t?r?-s, -t?r-] 
D.J.[v!k6t%8ri8*s, -6t*&r-]
K.K.[v!k6t%ri*s, -6tor-]
adj.ݴʣ
Being the winner in a contest or struggle:
ʤģʤģڱлʤģ
the victorious army.
ʤĶ
Characteristic of or expressing a sense of victory or fulfillment:
ʤģɹɵص㣬ɹɸо
a victorious cheer.
ʤĻ
?
victoriously
adv.ʣ
victoriousness
n.ʣ

= =
victory
vic.to.ry
AHD:[v1kt-r?] 
D.J.[6v!kt*ri8]
K.K.[6v!kt*ri]
n.ʣ
 vic.to.ries д V
Defeat of an enemy or opponent.
ʤо߶ֵʧ
Success in a struggle against difficulties or an obstacle.
˷жԿѻϰʤ
The state of having triumphed.
ɹȡóɹ״̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French victorie 
Դ ŷ victorie 
from Latin vict?a 
Դ  vict?a 
from victor  vict?r- [victor] * see  victor 
Դ victor  vict?r- [ʤ] *μ victor
?
victory,conquest,triumph
These nouns denote the fact of winning or the state of having won in a war, struggle, or competition.
Щʰ˻ʤʵսȡʤ
 Victory,   the most general term, refers especially to the final defeat of an enemy or opponent: 
 Victory  رָ˻߶ֵʧܵõĴ 
Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be;for without victory there is no survival  (Winston S. Churchill).
 Ҫٴۣжٿ־壬жôú͵·ôѣǶҪȡʤΪûʤͲ桱  ˹S𼪶
 Conquest   connotes subduing, subjugating, or achieving mastery or control over someone or something: 
 Conquest  ѹ߶ĳ˻ĳʵͳλ߿ƣ 
Conquest of illiteracy comes first  (John Kenneth Galbraith).
 äҪġ  Լ˹˹
 Triumph   denotes a victory or success that is especially noteworthy because it is decisive, significant, or spectacular: 
 Triumph  ʾһֺмֵʤ߳ɹΪоԡҪԻԣ 
If [a man] has a talent and learns somehow to use the whole of it, he has gloriously succeeded,and won a satisfaction and a triumph few men ever know  (Thomas Wolfe).
  вŸɲѧγ Ѿĳɹˣֻм˲֪ͳɹ ˹ֶ

= =
video
vid.e.o
AHD:[v1d?-?] 
D.J.[6v!di87*&]
K.K.[6v!di7o]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to television, especially televised images.
ƵģӵģӵĻйصģرǵͼ
Of or relating to videotaped productions or videotape equipment and technology.
¼Ӱģ¼ĲƷġ¼豸ͼĻйص
n.ʣ
 vid.e.os 
The visual portion of a televised broadcast.
ӵģӳ񣺵ӲŽĿĿӲ
Television:
ӣ
a star of stage, screen, and video.
̨Ӱ͵ܵ
A videocassette or videotape, especially one containing a recording of a movie, music performance, or television program, for playback on a television set.
¼¼رڵϸŵİӰֱݻӽĿ¼
?
From Latin vide?} [first person sing. present tense of] vid?re [to see] * see  vide 
Դ  vide?}  [] vid?reĵһ˳Ƶʱ [] *μ vide

= =
view
view
AHD:[vy?] 
D.J.[vju8]
K.K.[vju]
n.ʣ
An examination or inspection:
飬˲飺
used binoculars to get a better view.
˫ĿԶиõļ
A systematic survey; coverage:
ӣϵͳԹ۲죻棺
a view of Romantic poetry.
ʫ
An individual and personal perception, judgment, or interpretation; an opinion:
۵㣬⣺˵Ĳжϻ߽ͣ
In his view, aid to the rebels should be suspended.See Synonyms at opinion 
Ĺ۵ǣԷṩԮӦֹͣμ opinion
Field of vision:
Ұ
The aircraft has disappeared from view.
ɻҰʧ
A scene or vista:
Զ
the view from the tower.
Ͽľɫ
A picture of a landscape:
羰
a view of Paris, done in oils.
īİ羰
A way of showing or seeing something, as from a particular position or angle:
֣۲飺һضλû߽Ƕȿķʽ
a side view of the house.
ǼӵĲ
Something kept in sight as an aim or intention:
ĿģּڣĿ
The pitch of the roof had been calculated with a view to the heavy seasonal rains(Caroline Alexander)
ΪԤԵıġ(աɽ)
Expectation; chance:
᣺
The measure has no view of success.
ʩЧ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
viewed,view.ing,views 
To look at; watch:
ۿ
view an exhibit of etchings.
ۿһչ
To examine or inspect:
飬鿴
viewed the house they were thinking of buying.
鿴빺ķ
To survey or study mentally; consider.
ȣǣͷԹ۲ѧϰ
To think of in a particular way; regard:
Ϊһⷽʽ˼Ϊ
doesn't view herself as a success; viewed their efforts unfavorably.See Synonyms at see 1
ΪԼɹˣǵŬ޺øвμ see1
?
in view of
Taking into account; in consideration of.
ڣǵ
on view
Placed so as to be seen; exhibited.
Ϊܿڳģչ
?
Middle English vewe 
йӢ vewe 
from Anglo-Norman [from feminine past participle of] veoir [to see] 
Դ Ӣ  [] ԴveoirԹȥִ [] 
from Latin vid?e * see  weid- 
Դ  vid?e *μ weid- 
?
viewable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
viewpoint
view.point
AHD:[vy?point] 
D.J.[6vju87p%!nt]
K.K.[6vju7p%!nt]
n.ʣ
A position from which something is observed or considered; a point of view.
۵㣺ۿ߿ĳλã۵

= =
vigorous
vig.or.ous
AHD:[v1gr-s] 
D.J.[6v!g*r*s]
K.K.[6v!g*r*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Strong, energetic, and active in mind or body; robust.See Synonyms at healthy 
ģͷԻǿ׳ġлͻõģʢĲμ healthy
Marked by or done with force and energy.See Synonyms at active 
ģǿģ;Ϊ־ģ;µĲμ active
?
vigorously
adv.ʣ
vigorousness
n.ʣ

= =
village
vil.lage
AHD:[v1l1j] 
D.J.[6v!l!d9]
K.K.[6v!l!d9]
n.Abbr. v.,V.,vil.ʣд v.,V.,vil.
A small group of dwellings in a rural area, usually ranking in size between a hamlet and a town.
ׯСȺס壬Сڴ֮
In some U.S. states, an incorporated community smaller in population than a town.
ĳЩݿ˿ûм˵
The inhabitants of a village; villagers.
ׯľ񣻴
A group of bird or animal habitations suggesting a village.
ݣ뵽ׯȺ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a village square; the village green.
ׯ㳡ݵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vo3ticum} [farmstead] [from neuter of] voll3ticus [of a villa or farmstead] 
Դ  vo3ticum} [ũׯ]  [] Դvoll3ticusԴ [Ļũׯ] 
from Latin voa [country house, farm] * see  weik- 1
Դ  voa [巿ݣũ] *μ weik- 1

= =
vine
vine
AHD:[von] 
D.J.[va!n]
K.K.[va!n]
n.ʣ
A weak-stemmed plant that derives its support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface.
ٱֲ٣һ־Сֲرƻȡ
The stem of such a plant.
ֲľ
A grapevine.

Grapevines considered as a group:
ܳƣ
products of the vine.
ٵĲ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
vined,vin.ing,vines 
To form or develop like a vine.
γɻ򳤳γһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French vigne 
Դ ŷ vigne 
from Latin voa [from feminine of] voneus [of wine] 
Դ  voa  [] ԴvoneusԴ [Ƶ] 
from vom [wine] 
Դ vom [] 

= =
vinegar
vin.e.gar
AHD:[v1n1-gr] 
D.J.[6v!n!g*]
K.K.[6v!n!g+]
n.ʣ
An impure dilute solution of acetic acid obtained by fermentation beyond the alcohol stage and used as a condiment and preservative.
ףһֲϡ͵Һӳƾ׶εķͻãζƷͱ
Sourness of speech or mood; ill temper.
᣺ļĹ壻Ƣ
Liveliness and enthusiasm; vim.
飻
?
Middle English vinegre 
йӢ vinegre 
from Old French vinaigre 
Դ ŷ vinaigre 
vin [wine]  from Latin vom 
vin []  Դ  vom 
aigre [sour]  from Vulgar Latin *acrus  from Latin 3r * see  ak- 
aigre []  Դ  *acrus  Դ  3r *μ ak- 

= =
violate
vi.o.late
AHD:[vo-l3t] 
D.J.[6va!*7le!t]
K.K.[6va!*7let]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
vi.o.lat.ed,vi.o.lat.ing,vi.o.lates 
To break or disregard (a law or promise, for example).
ΥΥӣ編ɣŵԵȣ
To assault (a person) sexually.
Թǿ
To do harm to (property or qualities considered sacred); desecrate or defile.
£˺ΪʥԻƷʣ»
To disturb rudely or improperly; interrupt:
ңַ³ػ򲻺ʵط
violated our privacy.
ַǵ˽
?
Middle English violaten 
йӢ violaten 
from Latin viol3e  viol3t- 
Դ  viol3e  viol3t- 
from vos  vi- [force] * see  wei- 
Դ vos  vi- [] *μ wei- 
?
violative
adj.ݴʣ
violator
n.ʣ

= =
violence
vi.o.lence
AHD:[vo-lns] 
D.J.[6va!*l*ns]
K.K.[6va!*l*ns]
n.ʣ
Physical force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing:
ΥƻΪĿĶʹõ
crimes of violence.

The act or an instance of violent action or behavior.
ΪΪʵ
Intensity or severity, as in natural phenomena; untamed force:
ңңǿȻ̶ȣȻУ׼
the violence of a hurricane.
̨
Abusive or unjust exercise of power.
Ȩ
Abuse or injury to meaning, content, or intent:
⣺˼ݻͼ˺
do violence to a text.
ԭ
Vehemence of feeling or expression; fervor.
ңΪоļҳ̶ȣ

= =
violent
vi.o.lent
AHD:[vo-lnt] 
D.J.[6va!*l*nt]
K.K.[6va!*l*nt]
adj.ݴʣ
Marked by, acting with, or resulting from great force:
ҵģǿҵģʾ޴ģԾ޴жģɾ޴ģ
a violent attack.
ҵĽ
Having or showing great emotional force:
ǿҵģлΪ޴ģ
violent dislike.

Marked by intensity; extreme:
ģ˵ģ
violent pain; a violent squall.See Synonyms at intense 
ʹࣻΣղμ intense
Caused by unexpected force or injury rather than by natural causes:
񱩵ģױģǿȻµģ
a violent death.

Tending to distort or injure meaning, phrasing, or intent.
ģģڶ˼ͻͼƻ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin violentus 
Դ  violentus 
from vos  vi- [force] * see  wei- 
Դ vos  vi- [] *μ wei- 
?
violently
adv.ʣ

= =
violet
vi.o.let
AHD:[vo-l1t] 
D.J.[6va!*l!t]
K.K.[6va!*l!t]
n.ʣ
Any of various low-growing herbs of the genusViola,  having short-spurred, irregular flowers that are characteristically purplish-blue but sometimes yellow or white. 
ˣһ İСݱֲж̻ͲĻ䣬Ϊɫʱʻɫɫ 
Any of several similar plants, such as the African violet.
ֲ֮һ
Color The hue of the short-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 380 to 420 nanometers; any of a group 
of colors, reddish-blue in hue, that may vary in lightness and saturation.
ɫʡ ɫɼ׵Ķ̲˵ɫͨ۲ϲ䲨Լ380420΢֮䣻һԴɫɫȺɫܲͬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French violete [diminutive of] viole 
Դ ŷ violete  [] violeС׺ 
from Latin viola 
Դ  viola 

= =
violin
vi.o.lin
AHD:[vo-l1n] 
D.J.[7va!*6l!n]
K.K.[7va!*6l!n]
n.Abbr. v.Music ʣд v.֡ 
A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in 
range, tone, and dynamics.
С٣ùһڵϵĸҺͲָָ壬Ϲǳɫǿ൱
?
Italian violino [diminutive of] viola [viola] * see  viola 1
 violino  [] violaС׺ [] *μ viola1
?
violinist
n.ʣ
violinistic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
virgin
vir.gin
AHD:[v?rj1n] 
D.J.[6vT8d9!n]
K.K.[6vPd9!n]
n.ʣ
A person who has not experienced sexual intercourse.
ŮûԽ
A chaste or unmarried woman; a maiden.
ŮӻδŮӣŮ
An unmarried woman who has taken religious vows of chastity.
ŮڽԱδŮ
Virgin The Virgin Mary.
 Virgin ʥĸ
Zoology 
ѧ 
A female animal that has not copulated.
ûоĴԶ
A female bee, wasp, or other insect that produces fertile eggs without copulating.
ֳƳ棺Է䡢Ʒý伴ܲѵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being a virgin; chaste.
ŮģڴŮģΪŮģ
Being in a pure or natural state; unsullied:
ģδ۵ģڴȻ״̬δȾģ
virgin snow.
׵ѩ
Unused, uncultivated, or unexplored:
δѵģδùģδĻδŵģ
virgin territory.
δѵ
Existing in native or raw form; not processed or refined.
ԭʼģȻĻԭʼʽڵģδ
Happening for the first time; initial.
״ηģ
Obtained directly from the first pressing:
Ȼģ
virgin olive oil.
Ȼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French virgine 
Դ ŷ virgine 
from Latin virg?}  virgin- 
Դ  virg?}  virgin- 
?
Virgin
Virgin
n.ʣ
See  Virgo 
μ  Virgo 

= =
virtual
vir.tu.al
AHD:[v?rch?-l] 
D.J.[6vT8t.u8*l]
K.K.[6vPt.u*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name:
ʵϵģʵϵģȻûʵʵʵʽ壬ʵϻЧϴڻģ
the virtual extinction of the buffalo.
ҰţʵѾ
Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination. Used in literary criticism of text.
ģĵģͷдڵģָĲѧ
?
Middle English virtuall [effective] 
йӢ virtuall [Ч] 
from Medieval Latin virtu3s 
Դ  virtu3s 
from Latin virt?s [excellence] * see  virtue 
Դ  virt?s [] *μ virtue
?
virtuality
AHD:[-2l1-t?] ʣ

= =
virtually
vir.tu.al.ly
AHD:[v?rch?--l?] 
D.J.[6vT8t.u8*li8]
K.K.[6vPt.u*li]
adv.ʣ
In fact or to all purposes; practically:
ʵϵػʵϵأ
The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike.
ʵڽͨչ̱״̬
Almost but not quite; nearly:
ȫǣǣ
Virtually everyone gets a headache now and then(People)
ÿ˼Ҫʱͷۡ()

= =
virtue
vir.tue
AHD:[v?rch?] 
D.J.[6vT8t.u8]
K.K.[6vPt.u]
n.ʣ
Moral excellence and righteousness; goodness.
ֱϵŵֱ
An example or kind of moral excellence:
£Уһ»ʵ
the virtue of patience.
ĵ
Chastity, especially in a girl or woman.
٣٣ָŮŮ
A particularly efficacious, good, or beneficial quality; advantage:
ŵ㣬ġõĻƷʣ
a plan with the virtue of being practical.
ʵŵļƻ
Effective force or power:
Ч
believed in the virtue of prayer.

virtues Theology The fifth of the nine orders of angels.
 virtues ѧ ʹżʹеĵ弶
Obsolete Manly courage; valor.
 ţӺ
?
by virtue of 
in virtue of
On the grounds or basis of; by reason of:
ƾ裻Ϊ
well off by virtue of a large inheritance.
ڼ̳˴Ų¸
?
Middle English vertu 
йӢ vertu 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin virt?s [manliness, excellence, goodness] 
Դ  virt?s [ŵ㣬] 
from vir [man] * see  wo-ro- 
Դ vir [] *μ wo-ro- 

= =
virus
vi.rus
AHD:[vors] 
D.J.[6va!*r*s]
K.K.[6va!r*s]
n.ʣ
 vi.rus.es 
Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein 
coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms.
ֶֲϸļ΢ۼ֮һ𼲲ҪɺǺһɣΧеʰΧ뿪ϸܸƱͨ
Ϊ
A disease caused by a virus.
һּ
Something that poisons one's soul or mind:
أĳ˼
the pernicious virus of racism.
кӰ
Computer Science A computer virus.
ѧ 
?
Latin vos [poison] 
 vos [ҩ] 

= =
visible
vis.i.ble
AHD:[v1z-bl] 
D.J.[6v!z*b*l]
K.K.[6v!z*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Possible to see; perceptible to the eye:
üģɼģܿģܱ۾оģ
a visible object.
ɼ
Obvious to the eye:
ԵģȻģ۾Եģ
a visible change of expression.
ϵԱ仯
Being often in the public view; conspicuous.
ɼģעӵģĿ
Manifest; apparent:
ԵģȻģ
no visible solution to the problem.
ûȻĽ취
On hand; available:
ͷģɵõģ
a visible supply.
ɵõĹ
Constructed or designed to keep important parts in easily accessible view:
¶ʽģΪʹҪλױ۲쵽Ƶģ
a visible file.
һĿȻļ
Represented visually, as by symbols.
üģ÷ŵȱӾ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vos 
Դ  vos 
from vos [past participle of] vid?re [to see] * see  vision 
Դ vos  [] vid?reĹȥִ [] *μ vision
?
visibleness
n.ʣ
visibly
adv.ʣ

= =
vision
vi.sion
AHD:[v1zhn] 
D.J.[6v!9*n]
K.K.[6v!9*n]
n.ʣ
The faculty of sight; eyesight:

poor vision.
ܲ
Something that is or has been seen.
񣺱ѾĶ
Unusual competence in discernment or perception; intelligent foresight:
ͬѰķֱ֪Զ
a leader of vision.
Զ쵼
The manner in which one sees or conceives of something.
룬λã˼άĳķʽ
A mental image produced by the imagination.
Ӱ˼ά
The mystical experience of seeing as if with the eyes the supernatural or a supernatural being.
۾ȻصӾ
A person or thing of extraordinary beauty.
˻
v.tr.ﶯʣ
vi.sioned,vi.sion.ing,vi.sions 
To see in or as if in a vision; envision.
룬ƺ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vo?}  vosi?n- 
Դ  vo?}  vosi?n- 
from vos [past participle of] vid?re [to see] * see  weid- 
Դ vos  [] vid?reĹȥִ [] *μ weid- 
?
visional
adj.ݴʣ
visionally
adv.ʣ

= =
visit
vis.it
AHD:[v1z1t] 
D.J.[6v!z!t]
K.K.[6v!z!t]
v.ʣ
vis.it.ed,vis.it.ing,vis.its 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To call on socially:
ݷã
visit friends.
ݷ
To go to see or spend time at (a place) with a certain intent:
ιۣΪһضĿȥʱڣһط
visit a museum; visited London.
ι۲ݣ׶
To stay with as a guest.

To go to see in an official or professional capacity:
Ӳ죺ԹٷĻְҵԵʸȥ
visited the dentist; a priest visiting his parishioners.
ҽѲʦ
To go or come to:
ȥ򵽣
visits the bank on Fridays.
ȥ
To go to see in order to aid or console:
̽Ϊ˰οȥ
visit the sick and dying.
˺һϢ
To make itself known to or seize fleetingly:
ͻȻֻץס
was visited by a bizarre thought.
ͻȻһͷ
To afflict or assail:
Ϯ٣ĥ򹥻
A plague visited the village.
߽ٵׯ
To inflict punishment on or for; avenge:
ʹܳͷ
The sins of the ancestors were visited on their descendants.
ȵӦǺ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a visit.
ݷ
Informal To converse or chat:
ʽ ̸ۻ죺
Stay and visit with me for a while.
һ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of visiting a person, place, or thing.
ʣιۣݷˡι۵طΪ
A stay or sojourn as a guest.
Ϊ˵Ķʱľ
The act of visiting in a professional capacity.
ѲӣӲ죺ְҵӲΪ
The act of visiting in an official capacity, such as an inspection or examination.
Ѳӣ飺Թٷݲ쿴ΪӲ
?
Middle English visiten 
йӢ visiten 
from Old French visiter 
Դ ŷ visiter 
from Latin vo3re} [frequentative of] vosere [frequentative of] vid?re [to see] * see  vision 
Դ  vo3re}  [] vosereظ  [] vid?reظ [] *μ vision

= =
visitor
vis.i.tor
AHD:[v1z1-tr] 
D.J.[6v!z!t*]
K.K.[6v!z!t+]
n.ʣ
One that visits:
ߣ
Sunday afternoon visitors; lost the game to the visitors.
ߣ˿Ͷ

= =
visual
vi.su.al
AHD:[v1zh?-l] 
D.J.[6v!9u8*l]
K.K.[6v!9u*l]
adj.Abbr. vis.ݴʣд vis.
Of or relating to the sense of sight:
ģӾģڻӾģ
a visual organ; visual receptors on the retina.
Ӿ٣ĤϵӾ
Seen or able to be seen by the eye; visible:
üģۿģɼģ
a visual presentation.
Կü
Optical.
ѧģ
Done, maintained, or executed by sight only:
ƾĿģֻӾɡֻеģ
visual navigation.
Ŀӵ
Having the nature of or producing an image in the mind:
󻯵ģģԺͼʵĻͼģ
a visual memory of the scene.
Գ
Of or relating to a method of instruction involving sight.
ӾѧģڻӾĽѧ
n.ʣ
A picture, chart, or other presentation that appeals to the sense of sight, used in promotion or for illustration or narration. Often used in the plural:
棬ͼӾͼͼ棬˵ø
an ad campaign with striking visuals; trying to capture a poem in a cinematic visual.
Ŀһ˶õӰ˵һʫ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Late Latin vo3lis} 
Դ  vo3lis} 
from Latin vos [sight] * see  vision 
Դ  vos [] *μ vision
?
visually
adv.ʣ
visualness  
visuality
AHD:[-2l1-t?] ʣ

= =
visualize
vi.su.al.ize
AHD:[v1zh?--loz] 
D.J.[6v!9u8*7la!z]
K.K.[6v!9u*7la!z]
v.ʣ
vi.su.al.ized,vi.su.al.iz.ing,vi.su.al.iz.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form a mental image of; envisage:
γ˼άͼ룺
tried to visualize the scene as it was described.
ĳ
To make visible.
ʹɼ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form a mental image.
γ˼άͼ
?
visualization
AHD:[--l1-z3shn] ʣ

= =
vital
vi.tal
AHD:[votl] 
D.J.[6va!tl]
K.K.[6va!t1]
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of life.See Synonyms at living 
ģڡĻصĲμ living
Necessary to the continuation of life; life-sustaining:
ģάģ
a vital organ; vital nutrients.
ά٣Ӫ
Full of life; animated:
ģģģģ
The population of the teeming, vital slum . . . declined(Rick Hampson)
ӵֳƶ˿ڼˡ(¡ɭ)
Imparting life or animation; invigorating:
ģǿģģ
the sun's vital rays.
̫ǿĹ
Necessary to continued existence or effectiveness; essential:
ҪģزٵģڻЧģԵģ
Irrigation was vital to early civilization(William H. McNeill)A vital component of any democracy is a free labor movement(Bayard Rustin)
ȶũҵҪԡ(H.˶)ɹ˶κȱٵɲ֡(ǵ¡˹͢)
Concerned with or recording data pertinent to lives:
ͳƵģڻ¼Ҫݵģ
vital records.
˿ڶ̬¼
Biology Used or done on a living cell or tissue:
ѧ ģģڻϸ֯ģ
vital dyes; vital staining.
ȾȾɫ
Destructive to life; fatal:
صģģ
a vital injury.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vo3lis} 
Դ  vo3lis} 
from voa [life] * see  g wei- 
Դ voa [] *μ g wei- 
?
vitally
adv.ʣ
vitalness
n.ʣ

= =
vitamin
vi.ta.min
AHD:[vot-m1n] 
D.J.[6va!t*m!n]
K.K.[6va!t*m!n]
n.ʣ
Any of various fat-soluble or water-soluble organic substances essential in minute amounts for normal growth and activity of the body and obtained naturally from plant and animal 
foods.
άأ֬Իˮ֮һʶͻҪֲͨʳȡ
?
Alteration of vitamine 
 vitamineı仯 
Latin voa [life] * see  g wei- 
 voa [] *μ g wei- 
amine  [so called because they were originally thought to be amines] 
amine [ԸƵԭǱΪǰ] 
?
vitaminic
adj.ݴʣ

= =
vivid
viv.id
AHD:[v1v1d] 
D.J.[6v!v!d]
K.K.[6v!v!d]
adj.ݴʣ
viv.id.er,viv.id.est 
Perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant:
ģģĻױģģ
a vivid star.
һ
Having intensely bright colors:
޵ģмɫʵģ
a vivid tapestry.
޵Ĺ̺
Having a very high degree of saturation:
ŨصģǿҵģɫʼŨģ
a vivid purple.
ǿҵɫ
Full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience.
ģ
Evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or felt as if real:
ģģԺмͼģʵһоģ
a vivid description.See Synonyms at graphic 
μ graphic
Active in forming lifelike images:
ģγɱͼģ
a vivid imagination.

?
Latin vos 
 vos 
from voe [to live] * see  g wei- 
Դ voe [] *μ g wei- 
?
vividly
adv.ʣ
vividness
n.ʣ

= =
vocabulary
vo.cab.u.lar.y
AHD:[v?-k2by-lr?] 
D.J.[v*&6k#bj*7leri8]
K.K.[vo6k#bj*7lWri]
n.ʣ
 vo.cab.u.lar.ies д vocab.
All the words of a language.
ʻ㣺һԵе
The sum of words used by, understood by, or at the command of a particular person or group.See Synonyms at diction 
һض˻ȺʹáյĴʵμ diction
A list of words and often phrases, usually arranged alphabetically and defined or translated; a lexicon or glossary.
ʻʺͳΪıͨĸ˳Уж룻רŴʻרҵʻ
A supply of expressive means; a repertoire of communication:
ʻ㣻ʱ˼Ĵݣļܣ
a dancer's vocabulary of movement.
赸ߵĶ
?
French vocabulaire 
 vocabulaire 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Medieval Latin voc33rium} [from neuter of] voc3bul3rius [of words] 
Դ  voc33rium}  [] Դvoc3bul3riusԴ [] 
from Latin voc3m [name] * see  vocable 
Դ  voc3m [] *μ vocable

= =
vocal
vo.cal
AHD:[v?kl] 
D.J.[6v*&k*l]
K.K.[6vok*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the voice:
ģɤģڻģ
the vertebrate vocal organs; a vocal defect.
׵ķ٣ϵȱ
Uttered or produced by the voice.
ʹɤӣģɤӷ
Having a voice; capable of emitting sound or speech.
ģģܷԵ
Full of voices; resounding:
ģ쳹ģ
a playground vocal with the shouts and laughter of children.
˺ǽкͻЦĲٳ
Tending to express oneself often or freely; outspoken:
Եģ򾭳Իɵرģ̹׵ģ
a vocal critic of city politics.
εһֱʵ
Linguistics 
ѧ 
Of or resembling vowels; vocalic.
ԪģڻԪģԪ
Voiced.

Music Of, relating to, or performed by singing:
֡ 質ģڡڻø質ݵģ
vocal training; vocal music.
ѵ
n.ʣ
A vocal sound.
Ԫ
Music A popular composition for a singer, often with instrumental accompaniment.
֡ ƷΪִͨ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin v?3lis} 
Դ  v?3lis} 
from v?x  v?c- [voice] * see  wek w- 
Դ v?x  v?c- [ɤ] *μ wek w- 
?
vocally
adv.ʣ
vocalness
n.ʣ

= =
vocational
vo.ca.tion.al
AHD:[v?-k3sh-nl] 
D.J.[v*&6ke!.*n*l]
K.K.[vo6ke.*n*l]
adj.Abbr. voc.ݴʣд voc.
Of or relating to a vocation or vocations:
ҵģְҵģڻְҵģ
vocational counseling.
ϵĽ
Relating to, providing, or undergoing training in a special skill to be pursued in a trade:
ҵģڡṩĳһְҵҪ⼼ѵģ
vocational students learning to operate a lathe.
ѧϰģͽ
?
vocationally
adv.ʣ

= =
voice
voice
AHD:[vois] 
D.J.[v%!s]
K.K.[v%!s]
n.Abbr. v.ʣд v.
The sound produced by the vocal organs of a vertebrate, especially a human being.
˵׵÷ָ
The ability to produce such sounds.

A specified quality, condition, or pitch of vocal sound:
ɤߣ
a hoarse voice; the child's piping voice.
˻Ƶӵļ
Linguistics Expiration of air through vibrating vocal cords, used in the production of vowels and voiced consonants.
ѧ ͨ񶯵壬ԪǸ
A sound resembling or reminiscent of vocal utterance:

the murmuring voice of the forest.
ɭֵĵ
Music 
֡ 
Musical sound produced by vibration of the human vocal cords and resonated within the throat and head cavities.
ͨ񶯲ںǻͷǻ
The quality or condition of a person's singing:
質ܣһ˸質
a baritone in excellent voice.
ѵ
A singer:
質ң
a choir of excellent voices.
質ҵĺϳ
One of the individual parts or strands in a composition:
и岿ֻ֮һ
a fugue for four voices; string voices carrying the melody.Also called  voice part 
ĸҲ  voice part
Expression; utterance:
¶˵
gave voice to their feelings at the meeting.
ڻϱǵĸо
A medium or an agency of expression:
࣬ˣнý飺
a newsletter that serves as a neighborhood voice.
ΪһݼѶ
The right or opportunity to express a choice or an opinion:
ȨһѡȨ᣺
a territory that has a voice, but not a vote, in Congress.
зȨûͶƱȨĵ
Grammar A property of verbs or a set of verb inflections indicating the relation between the subject and the action expressed by the verb:
﷨ ̬ʻһϵж۱仯ʽʾͶĶ֮Ĺϵ
Birds build nests uses the active voice; nests built by birds uses the passive voice.
̬ĳñ̬
The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or a character in a book.
߻Ķصķ﷽ʽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
voiced,voic.ing,voic.es 
To give voice to; utter:
˵
voice a grievance.See Synonyms at vent 1
μ vent1
Linguistics To pronounce with vibration of the vocal cords.
ѧ ͨ
Music 
֡ 
To provide (a composition) with voice parts.
һ
To regulate the tone of (the pipes of an organ, for example).
ܷܣ
?
with one voice
In complete agreement; unanimously:
һµأȫһ£ȫͬأ
Our group rejected the proposal with one voice.
Сһ·
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French vois 
Դ ŷ vois 
from Latin v?x  v?c- * see  wek w- 
Դ  v?x  v?c- *μ wek w- 

= =
void
void
AHD:[void] 
D.J.[v%!d]
K.K.[v%!d]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing no matter; empty.
յģûжģյ
Not occupied; unfilled.
еģûбռеģû
Completely lacking; devoid:
ûеģȫȱٵģȱģ
void of understanding.See Synonyms at empty 
ȱμ empty
Ineffective; useless.
Чģûõ
Having no legal force or validity; null:
ЧģûзЧԼģЧģ
a contract rendered void.
Чĺͬ
Games Lacking cards of a particular suit in a dealt hand.
Ϸ ȱŵģһûĳһֻɫ
n.ʣ
An empty space.
ռ
A vacuum.

An open space or a break in continuity; a gap.
հףմеĿմжϣ
A feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss.
У顢¶ʧĸо
Games Absence of cards of a particular suit in a dealt hand:
Ϸ ȱţһȱĳֻɫ
a void in hearts.
ȱ
v.ʣ
void.ed,void.ing,voids 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take out (the contents of something); empty.
ʹճȡĳݣʹ
To excrete (body wastes).
йķ
To leave; vacate.
뿪
To make void or of no validity; invalidate:
ʹЧȡʹЧʧȥЧʹã
issued a new passport and voided the old one.
䷢»ղѾɵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To excrete body wastes.
й
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French voide [feminine of] voit 
Դ ŷ voide  [] voitԴ 
from Vulgar Latin *vocitus 
Դ  *vocitus 
alteration of Latin vacoovus} 
  vacoovus} 
variant of vacuus 
 vacuusı 
from vac3e [to be empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ vac3e [ʹ] *μ eu- 2
?
voider
n.ʣ

= =
volcano
vol.ca.no
AHD:[v?l-k3n?] 
D.J.[vKl6ke!n*&]
K.K.[v$l6keno]
n.ʣ
 vol.ca.noes  vol.ca.nos  д vol.
An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.
ɽؿǵĿڣҡҳ
A similar opening on the surface of another planet.
ɽȱڣǱƵĿ
A mountain formed by the materials ejected from a volcano.
ɽɽγɵһɽ
?
Italian 
 
from Spanish volcn 
Դ  volcn 
or Portuguese volc?o 
  volc?o 
probably from Latin vulc3s 
Դ  vulc3s 
from Volc3s [Vulcan] 
Դ Volc3s [ɽ] 

= =
volleyball
vol.ley.ball
AHD:[v?l?-b?l] 
D.J.[6vKli87b%8l]
K.K.[6v$li7b%l]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A game played by two teams on a rectangular court divided by a high net, in which both teams use up to three hits to ground the ball on the opposing team's side of the net.
һ˶ڳγϱһÿӻκԷһߵĳ
The large inflated ball used in this game.
˶õĴ
?
volleyballer
n.ʣ

= =
volt
volt 1
AHD:[v?lt] 
D.J.[v*&lt]
K.K.[volt]
n.Abbr. Vʣд V
The International System unit of electric potential and electromotive force, equal to the difference of electric potential between two points on a conducting wire carrying a constant current 
of one ampere when the power dissipated between the points is one watt.See table at measurement 
أƺ͵綯ƵĹϵͳλڵΪһʱһߴһȶĵ֮μ measurement
?
After  Count Alessandro Volta 
Դ   ɽ Volta
?
volt
volt 2Ҳ volte
AHD:[v?lt, v?lt] 
D.J.[v*&lt, v%8lt]
K.K.[volt, v%lt]
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A circular movement executed by a horse in mange.
һƥеĻ˶
A sudden movement made in avoiding a thrust in fencing.
תжһ̵ͻȻ˶
?
French volte 
 volte 
from Italian volta [turn] 
Դ  volta [ת] 
from voltare [to turn, leap] * see  vault 2
Դ voltare [תԾ] *μ vault2

= =
voltage
volt.age
AHD:[v?lt1j] 
D.J.[6v*&lt!d9]
K.K.[6volt!d9]
n.ʣ
Electromotive force or potential difference, usually expressed in volts.
ѹλλԷΪλ

= =
volume
vol.ume
AHD:[v?ly?m, -ym] 
D.J.[6vKlju8m, -j*m]
K.K.[6v$ljum, -j*m]
n.ʣ
Abbr. vol.,v.
д vol.,v.
A collection of written or printed sheets bound together; a book.
鼮װһдĻӡˢĵֽļϣ鼮
One of the books of a work printed and bound in more than one book.
᣺ӡˢװһĲֹһƷеһ
A series of issues of a periodical, usually covering one calendar year.
϶һϵڿһ
A unit of written material assembled together and cataloged in a library.
鱾ͼмϲһָ
Abbr. vol.,v.A roll of parchment; a scroll.
д vol.,v.һƤֽ
Abbr. V
д V
The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or region of space, expressed in cubic units.
һάռռĿռ䣬λʾ
The capacity of such a region or of a specified container, expressed in cubic units.
ݻһλʾ
Amount; quantity:

a low volume of business; a considerable volume of lumber.
⣻һľ
A large amount. Often used in the plural:
ø
volumes of praise.

The amplitude or loudness of a sound.
Ȼǿ
A control, as on a radio, for adjusting amplitude or loudness.
һϣȻǿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French 
Դ ŷ 
from Latin vol?n [roll of writing] 
Դ  vol?n [Ʒһ] 
from volvere [to roll] * see  wel- 2
Դ volvere [] *μ wel- 2

= =
voluntary
vol.un.tar.y
AHD:[v?ln-tr?] 
D.J.[6vKl*n7teri8]
K.K.[6v$l*n7tWri]
adj.ݴʣ
Arising from or acting on one's own free will.
Ըģĳ˵ԸĳԸµ
Acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint or expectation of reward:
־ԸģģԸضǿȻرжģ
a voluntary hostage; voluntary community work.
־Ըʣ
Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition:
ģڻڸ־ģ
Respiration is voluntary.

Capable of making choices; having the faculty of will.
Ծģѡģѡ
Supported by contributions or charitable donations rather than by government appropriations:
Ըģɾ׻ƾֵ֧ģ
voluntary hospitals.
ԸҽԺ
Law 
ɡ 
Without legal obligation or consideration:
Ըģûзǵģ
a voluntary conveyance of property.
ԸĲƲ
Done deliberately; intentional:
ģģ
voluntary manslaughter.
ɱ˷
n.ʣ
 vol.un.tar.ies 
Music 
֡ 
A short piece of music, often improvised on a solo instrument, played as an introduction to a larger work.
һζ֣Ϊ˶࣬ΪƷ
A piece for solo organ, often improvised, played before, during, or after a religious service.
ࣺڽʽ֮ǰ֮֮ĳΪ˵
A volunteer.
־Ը
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin volunt3s 
Դ  volunt3s 
from volunt3s [choice] 
Դ volunt3s [ѡ] 
from velle  vol- [to wish] * see  wel- 1
Դ velle  vol- [ϣ] *μ wel- 1
?
voluntarily
AHD:[-tar-l?] ʣ
voluntariness
n.ʣ
?
voluntary,intentional,deliberate,willful,willing
These adjectives mean being or resulting from one's own free will.
Щݴʵ˼ΪĳԸµġ
 Voluntary   implies the operation of unforced choice: 
 Voluntary  ָûǿѡĻ 
Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is criminal  (Samuel Johnson).
ԸʱǷ  ѶԼѷ
 Intentional   applies to something undertaken to further a plan or realize an aim: 
 Intentional  ΪһƻʵһĿĶ飺 
In whatsoever houses I enter, I will enter to help the sick, and I will abstain from all intentional wrongdoing and harm  (Hippocratic Oath).
ҽÿһӣҽˣΪĴ˺ ϣԼ
 Deliberate   stresses premeditation and full awareness of the character and consequences of one's acts: 
 Deliberate  ǿԤȿǻĳжͺȫ˽⣺ 
In life courtesy and self-possession, and in the arts style, are the sensible impressions of the free mind,for both arise out of a deliberate shaping of all things  (William Butler 
Yeats).
ò򶨣˼ǷӳΪ߾ڶ족 աҶ֥
 Willful   implies deliberate, headstrong persistence in a self-determined course of action: 
 Willful  ָԼжеĹġ̵ļ֣ 
a willful waste of time.
ʱ˷ѡ
Willing   suggests ready or cheerful acquiescence in the proposals or requirements of another: 
Willing  ָڱ˵ĽҪѸٲ˵ͬ⣺ 
The first requisite of a good citizen . . . is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight  (Theodore Roosevelt).
 ΪһùĵһҪܹŬڹ ¶ࡤ˹

= =
volunteer
vol.un.teer
AHD:[v?ln-t?r] 
D.J.[7vKl*n6t!*]
K.K.[7v$l*n6t!r]
n.Abbr. vol.ʣд vol.
A person who performs or offers to perform a service of his or her own free will:
־ԸߣԼԸлҪзˣ
an information booth staffed by volunteers; hospital volunteers.
־Ըְѯ̨ҽԺ־ԸԱ
Law 
ɡ 
A person who renders aid, performs a service, or assumes an obligation voluntarily.
ԸߣԸз
A person who holds property under a deed made without consideration.
޳ԼߣûбƲһԼ֮µ
Botany A cultivated plant growing from self-sown or accidentally dropped seed.
ֲѧ ֲһĻżµӶֲ
adj.ݴʣ
Being, consisting of, or done by volunteers:
־Ըߵģ־Ըߵģ־Ըɵģ־Ըģ
volunteer firefighters; volunteer tutoring.
־ԸԱ־Ը
Botany Growing from self-sown or accidentally dropped seed. Used of a cultivated plant or crop.
ֲѧ ģԼ»żӶɵġֲׯ
v.ʣ
vol.un.teered,vol.un.teer.ing,vol.un.teers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give or offer to give voluntarily:
־Ըṩ־ԸظҪ裺
volunteered their services; volunteer to give blood.
־ԸṩǵķԸѪ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To perform or offer to perform a service of one's own free will.
־ԸĳԼԸлҪеķ
To do charitable or helpful work without pay:
񣺲ܱƻĹ
Many retirees volunteer in community service and day care centers.
ԱӤ
?
Obsolete French voluntaire 
ѷϷ voluntaire 
from Old French [voluntary] 
Դ ŷ [־Ը] 
from Latin volunt3s * see  voluntary 
Դ  volunt3s *μ voluntary

= =
vote
vote
AHD:[v?t] 
D.J.[v*&t]
K.K.[vot]
n.ʣ
A formal expression of preference for a candidate for office or for a proposed resolution of an issue.
ѡ٣ĳְѡ˻ĳĽͬʽ
A means by which such a preference is made known, such as a raised hand or a marked ballot.
ͶƱͬķʽֻмǺŵѡƱ
The number of votes cast in an election or to resolve an issue:
ͶƱһѡٻһʱͶƱ
a heavy vote in favor of the bill.
޳鰸ѹ
A group of voters alike in some way:
ѡѡĳЩͬһͶƱߣ
the Black vote; the rural vote.
ѡƱũѡƱ
The act or process of voting:
ͶƱͶƱΪ̣
took a vote on the issue.
ϲȡͶƱ
The result of an election or a referendum.
ͶƱһѡٻͶƱĽ
The right to participate as a voter; suffrage.
ѡȨΪѡ߲μӵȨͶƱȨ
v.ʣ
vot.ed,vot.ing,votes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express one's preference for a candidate or for a proposed resolution of an issue; cast a vote:
ͶƱʾĳ˶һѡ˻һĽ취ѡͶƱ
voted yes on the motion; voting against the measure.
˶ͶͬƱͶƱ᰸
To express a choice or an opinion.
һѡ۵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To express one's preference for by vote:
ͶƱͶƱĳ˵ѡ
voted the straight Republican ticket.
ͶֱĹ͵һƱ
To decide the disposition of by vote, as by electing or defeating:
ͶƱ취ͶƱѡٻܣ
vote in a new mayor; voted out their representative;  vote down the amendment.
ѡһλгͶƱѡǵĴͶƱ
To bring into existence or make available by vote:
ͶƱͨͶƱʽʹڻʹУ
vote new funds for a program.
ΪƻͶƱȡµʽ
To be guided by in voting:
ͶƱ
vote one's conscience.
ͶƱ
To declare or pronounce by general consent:
飬һΪһͬ
voted the play a success.
ⲿϷǳɹ
Informal To state as a preference or an opinion:
ʽ 飺Աʾѡ
I vote we eat out tonight.
ǽȥԷ
?
vote with (one's) feetٵ
To indicate a preference or an opinion by leaving or entering a particular locale:
жѡ뿪һضصķʽʾѡ
If older cities are allowed to decay and contract, can citizens who vote with their feet . . . hope to find better conditions anywhere else?(Melinda Beck)
ϳǱСжѡĹϣڱҵõĻ?(÷մ)
?
Middle English [vow] 
йӢ [] 
from Latin v?m [from neuter past participle of] vov?re [to vow] 
Դ  v?m  [] Դvov?reԹȥִ [] 
?
votable  
voteable
adj.ݴʣ
voter
n.ʣ

= =
voyage
voy.age
AHD:[voi1j] 
D.J.[6v%!!d9]
K.K.[6v%!!d9]
n.ʣ
A long journey, as:
УУ磺
A journey by sea to a foreign or distant land.
ȥԶطĺ
A journey by land to distant parts.
ԶУȥԶط½
A journey through outer space.
գУ̫ͨյĺ
Often voyages 
  voyages 
The events of a journey of exploration or discovery considered as material for a narrative.
ọ́Ϊ²ϵ̽¼
Such a narrative.
¼
v.ʣ
voy.aged,voy.ag.ing,voy.ag.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To make a voyage.
УУкС
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To sail across; traverse:
ʻԽ
voyaged the western ocean.
Խ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old French veyage 
Դ ŷ veyage 
from Late Latin vi3m [a journey] 
Դ  vi3m [һó] 
from Latin [provisions for a journey] [from neuter of] vi3ticus [of a journey] 
Դ  [װ]  [] Դvi3ticusԴ [е] 
from via [road] * see  wegh- 
Դ via [·] *μ wegh- 
?
voyager
n.ʣ

= =
vulgar
vul.gar
AHD:[v?lgr] 
D.J.[6vJlg*]
K.K.[6vJlg+]
adj.ݴʣ
Of or associated with the great masses of people; common.
ƽģͨģģйصģͨ
Abbr. vulg.Spoken by or expressed in language spoken by the common people; vernacular:
д vulg.ģԵģͨ˵˵Ļģطģ
the technical and vulgar names for an animal species.
Ŀѧƺͨ
Deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.
ŵģ³ģƷζߵ
Marked by a lack of good breeding; boorish.See Synonyms at common 
׵ģȱõĽģֱɵĲμ common
Offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure; ostentatious:
ӹ׵ģʾ򻨷ѼΪģҫģ
the huge vulgar houses and cars of the newly rich.
¸ľ޴ӹ׵ķӺͳ
Abbr. vulg.Crudely indecent.See Synonyms at coarse 
д vulg.ģĲμ coarse
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Latin vulg3s 
Դ  vulg3s 
from vulgus [the common people] 
Դ vulgus [ͨ] 
?
vulgarly
adv.ʣ
vulgarness
n.ʣ
?
The wordvulgar  brings to mind off-color jokes, but this was not always so.Ironically the wordvulgar  is itself an example of pejoration, the process by which the semantic status of a 
word changes for the worse over a period of time.The ancestor ofvulgar,  the Latin word vulg3s  (from vulgus,  the common people), meant of or belonging to the common people, 
everyday,as well as belonging to or associated with the lower orders.Vulg3s  also meant ordinary, common (of vocabulary, for example), and shared by all. Its only 
sense of the sort we might expect was related to the notion of general sharing, that is, sexually promiscuous.Our word, first recorded in a work composed in 1391,entered English 
during the Middle English period,and in Middle English and later English we find not only the senses mentioned above but also related senses.What is common can be seen as 
debased,and in the 17th century we begin to find instances ofvulgar  that made very explicit what was already implicit. Vulgar  now meant deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement. 
From such usevulgar  has gone downhill, and at present crudely indecent is probably one of the first senses ofvulgar  that occurs to many when the word is used. 
Vulgar ʹЦ ⲢȻзζvulgar ʱһʣ һʵ徭һʱΪĹ̡Vulgar Դ 
vulgaris  vulgrs ͨˡ ˼ƽ˵ġƽ˵ĻճģҲζšڵ͵Ƚ׼ģͽ׼йصġVulgaris Ҳζšƽġͨ
ʻģ͡ҹеġ ǿܻ뵽һΨһ˼롰ҹеġ˼йأĽġʣȼ1391һйӢ
ڼӢйӢͺڵӢǲ˼Ҳص˼ͨĿԱǵµģ17ǿʼvulgar Ѻ˼ú
Եӡ vulgar ָƷζߵġ ˼vulgar ʼ· ڵʹvulgar ʱҰġǵһ˼ 

= =
vulnerable
vul.ner.a.ble
AHD:[v?lnr--bl] 
D.J.[6vJln*r*b*l]
K.K.[6vJln*r*b*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Susceptible to physical injury.
˵ģ˺
Susceptible to attack:
ܹģ
We are vulnerable both by water and land, without either fleet or army(Alexander Hamilton)
ûнӺ;ӣˮ·½·϶ܹ(ɽ󡤺ܶ)
Open to censure or criticism; assailable.
Ǵģѵ
Liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation.
ջģӰģģܵȰ˵ջ
Games In a position to receive greater penalties or bonuses as a result of having won one game of a rubber. Used of bridge partners.
Ϸ оַģΪӮþʤ̵Ľյ϶ͷơƵĲ뷽
?
Late Latin vulner3s [wounding] 
 vulner3s [] 
from Latin vulner3e [to wound] 
Դ  vulner3e [] 
from vulnus  vulner- [wound] * see  wel- 
Դ vulnus  vulner- [] *μ wel- 
?
vulnerability  
vulnerableness
n.ʣ
vulnerably
adv.ʣ

= =
wage
wage
AHD:[w3j] 
D.J.[we!d9]
K.K.[wed9]
n.ʣ
Payment for labor or services to a worker, especially remuneration on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece.
ʣΪͶһ˵ıָ꣬Сʱܸ򰴹
wages The portion of the national product that represents the aggregate paid for all contributing labor and services as distinguished from the portion retained by management or 
reinvested in capital goods.
 wages ܶֵһ֣ʾмֵĹıܶͶ뵽ʱǲֵֹ
Often wages (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A fitting return; a recompense:
  wages 뵥ã꣺ʵıꣻͣ
the wages of sin.
ıӦ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
waged,wag.ing,wag.es 
To engage in (a war or campaign, for example).
ڣսսۣ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] 
[նԴ] 

= =
waggon
wag.gon
AHD:[w2gn] 
D.J.[6w#g*n]
K.K.[6w#g*n]
n.ʣ
v.Chiefly British ʣӢ 
Variant of wagon 
Variant of wagon

= =
waist
waist
AHD:[w3st] 
D.J.[we!st]
K.K.[west]
n.ʣ
The part of the human trunk between the bottom of the rib cage and the pelvis.
ǻײ͹Ĳ
The narrow part of the abdomen of an insect.
渹Ľխλ
The part of a garment that encircles the waist of the body.
λ·ϻĲλ
The upper part of a garment, extending from the shoulders to the waistline, especially the bodice of a woman's dress.
·ϲӼ粿һֱߣָŮĽ
A blouse.

A child's undershirt.
ͯ
The middle section or part of an object, especially when narrower than the rest.
м䲿λ򲿷ָ֣ಿխĲ
Nautical The middle part of the deck of a ship between the forecastle and the quarterdeck.
 װвǰװͺװ֮Ĳ
?
Middle English wast 
йӢ wast 
perhaps from Old English *w?st [growth, size] * see  aug- 
Դ Ӣ *w?st [󣬴С] *μ aug- 
?
waistless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wait
wait
AHD:[w3t] 
D.J.[we!t]
K.K.[wet]
v.ʣ
wait.ed,wait.ing,waits 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remain or rest in expectation:
ڴȴбֻϢ
waiting for the guests to arrive.See Synonyms at stay 1
ȴ˵ĵμ stay1
To tarry until another catches up.
ֱͣ׷
To remain or be in readiness:
ȴ׼״̬
lunch waiting on the table.
Ϸ
To remain temporarily neglected, unattended to, or postponed:
ӳ٣ʱԡϻƳ٣
The trip will have to wait.
лƳ
To work as a waiter or waitress.
̣дŮд
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To remain or stay in expectation of; await:
ȣڴĳ£ȣ
wait one's turn.
ȴֵԼ
Informal To delay (a meal or an event); postpone:
ʽ Ƴ٣Ƴ٣Ͳͻ¼ӣ
They waited lunch for us.
ΪǶƳ
To be a waiter or waitress at:
ߣڡдŮд
wait tables.
Է
n.ʣ
The act of waiting or the time spent waiting.
ȣȵΪȺʱ
Chiefly British 
Ӣ 
One of a group of musicians employed, usually by a city, to play in parades or public ceremonies.
ֶӶԱһйӶһּңл򹫹ʽݳ
One of a group of musicians or carolers who perform in the streets at Christmastime.
ؽֳʥʫǣʥʱڽݳһֶӻʥ
?
wait on  
wait upon
To serve the needs of; be in attendance on.
㡭Ҫ
To make a formal call on; visit.
ãʽݷã
To follow as a result; depend on.
Ϊһ
To await:
ȴ
They're waiting on my decision.
ڵҵľ
wait out
To delay until the termination of:
ƳֱΪֹ
wait out a war; waited out the miniskirt craze.
ֱȵսȵȹ糱
wait up
To postpone going to bed in anticipation of something or someone.
ҹȺΪȴĳ»ĳ˶Ƴ˯
Informal To stop or pause so that another can catch up:
ʽ ȣΪʹ˸϶ֹͣͣ
Let's wait up for the stragglers.
ǵȵȵӵ
?
Middle English waiten 
йӢ waiten 
from Old North French waitier [to watch] 
Դ ŷ waitier [] 
[of Germanic origin] * see  weg- 
[նԴ] *μ weg- 
?
For more than a hundred years critics have stigmatized the use ofwait on  ( and somewhat less frequentlywait upon )  to mean roughly await or wait for,as inWe are still waiting 
on the committee vote.   This use is so widespread in both educated speech and reputable writingthat the traditional objections have come to seem unnecessary.
һٶۼһֱwait on ( ʱҲʹwait upon ) Ϊȴ򡰵Ⱥ÷ڵȴίԱͶƱ  ôݽдõձ飬
ԭķѾҪ

= =
waiter
wait.er
AHD:[w3tr] 
D.J.[6we!t*]
K.K.[6wet+]
n.ʣ
One who serves at a table, as in a restaurant.
ߣڲ͹ڲԷˣ
A tray or salver.
̻

= =
wake
wake 1
AHD:[w3k] 
D.J.[we!k]
K.K.[wek]
v.ʣ
woke[w?k]   waked [w3kt] waked  wok.en [w?kn] wak.ing,wakes 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cease to sleep; become awake:
ѣֹͣ˯ѹ
overslept and woke late.
˯̫ѵ
To stay awake:
ѣѣ
Bears wake for spring, summer, and fall and hibernate for the winter.
ڴ졢챣ѣڶ
To be brought into a state of awareness or alertness:
ѣһ֪򾯾״̬
suddenly woke to the danger we were in.
ͻȻʶΣ
To keep watch or guard, especially over a corpse.
أ飺־裬ָһʬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rouse from sleep; awaken.
ʹѹʹ˯ѹŪ
To stir, as from a dormant or inactive condition; rouse:
ѣ߻򲻻Ծ״̬֮мѣѣ
wake old animosities.
ɺ
To make aware of; alert:
ʹʶʹʶʹ
The shocking revelations finally woke me to the facts of the matter.
𾪵Ľ¶ʹʶı
To keep a vigil over.
־
To hold a wake over.
Ϊҹ
n.ʣ
A watch; a vigil.
飻ҹ
A watch over the body of a deceased person before burial, sometimes accompanied by festivity.Also called  Regional viewing 
飺ǰ˵ʬ壬ʱʽҲ  ġ viewing
wakes (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Chiefly British 
 wakes 뵥ãӢ 
A parish festival held annually, often in honor of a patron saint.
ػգһһȵĽգΪһػ
An annual vacation.
ȼ
?
Middle English wakien, waken 
йӢ wakien, waken 
from Old English wacan [to wake up] 
Դ Ӣ wacan [] 
wacian [to be awake, keep watch] * see  weg- 
wacian [] *μ weg- 
?
waker
n.ʣ
?
The pairswake, waken  and awake, awaken  have formed a bewildering array since the Middle English period. All four words have similar meanings, though there are some differences 
in use.Onlywake  is used in the sense to be awake,  as in expressions likewaking  (not wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour. Wake is also more common than waken  when 
used together with up;   andawake  and awaken  never occur in this context: She woke up  (rarely wakened up;  never awakened up  or awoke up ). Some writers have suggested 
thatwaken  should be used only transitively and awaken  only intransitively, but there is ample literary precedent for usages such asHe wakened early  and They did not awaken her.   
In figurative sensesawake  and awaken  are more prevalent:  
wake,waken  awake,awaken ԴйӢγ˲һʡ ĸƵ˼÷в졣ֻwake ڡѡ壬 waking 
 wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hourѺ˯ߣÿһŵʱ̣ Wake up һͬʱҲ waken ã awake  awaken ӲԻ
У She woke up  wakened up Ӳ awakened up  awoke up ) Щָwaken ӦֻĶ awaken ֻģ кܶѧϵ÷,He 
wakened earlyѵ磩  They did not awaken herû  ڱawake  awaken ձ飺  
With the governor's defeat the party awoke to the strength of the opposition to its position on abortion.
ݳʧǸѵʶڶ̥Ϸ
The scent of the azaleas awakened my memory of his unexpected appearance that afternoon years ago. 
ž黨ζҶǰǸͻȻֵļ䡣 
?
wake
wake 2
AHD:[w3k] 
D.J.[we!k]
K.K.[wek]
n.ʣ
The visible track of turbulence left by something moving through water:
βˮƶµҿɼĺۼ
the wake of a ship.
β
A track, course, or condition left behind something that has passed:
٣ĳﾭµĺۼټ״̬
The war left destruction and famine in its wake.
սµĻͼĵĺ
?
in the wake of
Following directly on.
ֱӸ
In the aftermath of; as a consequence of.
Ϊನ
?
Possibly from Middle Low German [hole in the ice] 
Դ йŵ͵ص [] 
[of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse v?k 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά v?k 

= =
waken
wak.en
AHD:[w3kn] 
D.J.[6we!k*n]
K.K.[6wek*n]
v.ʣ
wak.ened,wak.en.ing,wak.ens 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To rouse from sleep; awake:
ʹʹ˯ʹ
The noise wakened me.

To rouse from a quiescent or inactive state; stir.
̼ƽ򲻻Ծ״̬лѣ̼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become awake; wake up:
ţѹ
I plan to waken at six o'clock tomorrow.See Usage Note at wake 1
Ҽƻ6μ wake1
?
Middle English wakenen 
йӢ wakenen 
from Old English w?cnan * see  weg- 
Դ Ӣ w?cnan *μ weg- 
?
wakener
n.ʣ

= =
walk
walk
AHD:[w?k] 
D.J.[w%8k]
K.K.[w%k]
v.ʣ
walked,walk.ing,walks 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move over a surface by taking steps with the feet at a pace slower than a run:
ߣɢԱĲĳһƽн
a baby learning to walk; a horse walking around a riding ring.
ѧ·ӤȦܵ
To go or travel on foot:
Уý߻У
walked to the store.
ȥ̵
To go on foot for pleasure or exercise; stroll:
ɢΪȤýߣй䣺
walked along the beach looking for shells.
ź̲Ѱұ
To move in a manner suggestive of walking:
ߣһֲе̬н
saw a woodpecker walking up the tree trunk.
һľ
To conduct oneself or behave in a particular manner; live:
£һķʽָң
walks in majesty and pride.
Ը߹̬
To appear as a supernatural being:
֣ΣͬһȻ֣
The specter of famine walks through the land.
Ƭε
Slang 
ٵ 
To go out on strike.
չ
To resign from one's job abruptly; quit.
ͻȻȥĳһ˳
Baseball To go to first base after the pitcher has thrown four balls.
 ݣԱͶͶĻƵһ
Basketball To move illegally while holding the ball; travel.
 ܣ߲ʱΥƶ߲
Obsolete To be in constant motion.
 ͣض
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To go or pass over, on, or through by walking:
߱飬߹ߵķʽȥͨȥԽ
walk the financial district of a city.
йڵĽ
To bring to a specified condition by walking:
ʹڣʹ߶ߵķʽʹһ״̬
They walked me to exhaustion.
ǲͣߣۻ
To cause to walk or proceed at a walk:
ʹǰʹ߻·ǰ
walk a horse uphill.

To accompany in walking; escort on foot:
ͬ·лͣ
walk the children home; walked me down the hall.
㺢ǻؼң߳
To traverse on foot in order to survey or measure; pace off:
ѲӣΪӲУӲ飺
walked the bounds of the property.
Ѳ˴ũı߽
To move (a heavy or cumbersome object) in a manner suggestive of walking:
ᶯһߵķʽʹһػ壩ƶ
walked the bureau into the hall.
嶷
Baseball To allow (a batter) to go to first base by pitching four balls.
 ݣͨͶĻʹ֣ɽһȥ
n.ʣ
The gait of a human being or other biped in which the feet are lifted alternately with one part of a foot always on the ground.
Ų˻㶯Ĳ˫գһֻŵĳһʼսӴ
The gait of a quadruped in which at least two feet are always touching the ground, especially the gait of a horse in which the feet touch the ground in the four-beat sequence of near hind 
foot, near forefoot, off hind foot, off forefoot.
㶯ﲽֻǽӴ棬ָĲĵķʽ̤أ˳ΪţǰţҺţǰ
The self-controlled extravehicular movement in space of an astronaut.
̫ղԱռɴҿƵ˶
The act or an instance of walking, especially a stroll for pleasure or exercise.
ɢеΪʵָΪȤе
The rate at which one walks; a walking pace.
·ٶȣ
The characteristic way in which one walks.
һ·ĵͷʽ
The distance covered or to be covered in walking.
г̣߹Ļ򼴽߹ľ
A place, such as a sidewalk or promenade, on which one may walk.
ߵ˿ߵĵطеɢ
A route or circuit particularly suitable for walking:
·رɢ·߻򻷵
one of the prettiest walks in the area.
õ˵Ĳ֮һ
Baseball Base on balls.
 
Basketball The act or an instance of moving illegally with the ball; traveling.
 ʱ֧߲
Sports 
˶ 
A track event in which contestants compete in walking a specified distance.
߱һ־˶μߵķʽһι̶ľھ
Race walking.

An enclosed area designated for the exercise or pasture of livestock.
ԲõȦĳ
An arrangement of trees or shrubs planted in widely spaced rows.
ֲУֲһĲƺϵһŵľ
The space between such rows.
֮ľ
?
walk out
To go on strike.
չ
To leave suddenly, often as a signal of disapproval.
ͻȻȥΪıʾ
walk over ʽ
To treat badly or contemptuously.
ӻضԴ
To gain an easy or uncontested victory.
׵ʤ׾ٻδֵȡʤ
walk through
To perform (a play, for example) in a perfunctory fashion, as at a first rehearsal.
ܱݣһַܵķʽݣϷ磩״еķ
?
walk away from
To outdo, outrun, or defeat with little difficulty.
׵ʤ׾ٵس׷ϻ
To survive (an accident) with very little injury.
ƽ¹УֻЩƤë֮
walk off with
To win easily or unexpectedly.
׵ʤ׵ػδԤϵػʤ
To steal.
͵
walk on air
To feel elated.
󣺸еʮֵ
walk out on
To desert or abandon.
ͷ
walk the plank
To be forced, as by pirates, to walk off a plank extended over the side of a ship so as to drown.
壺ȱ߳Եľ
?
Middle English walken 
йӢ walken 
from Old English wealcan [to roll] * see  wel- 2
Դ Ӣ wealcan [] *μ wel- 2
?
walkability
n.ʣ
walkable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wall
wall
AHD:[w?l] 
D.J.[w%8l]
K.K.[w%l]
n.ʣ
An upright structure of masonry, wood, plaster, or other building material serving to enclose, divide, or protect an area, especially a vertical construction forming an inner partition or 
exterior siding of a building.
ǽʯͷľͷҽɵֱṹȦסֻ򱣻ĳһָһݵڲⲿĴֱ
Often walls A continuous structure of masonry or other material forming a rampart and built for defensive purposes.
  walls ϣΪ˷ʯͷϽ
A structure of stonework, cement, or other material built to retain a flow of water.
̣ΪֹˮʯͷˮϽĽ
Something resembling a wall in appearance, function, or construction, as the exterior surface of a body organ or part:
ǽ֮ܻۡǽ֮ĳһٻ򲿷ֵ棺
the abdominal wall.

Something resembling a wall in impenetrability or strength:
Ϸֽڲɴ͸Իʵǽ֮
a wall of silence; a wall of fog.
ţ
An extreme or desperate condition or position, such as defeat or ruin:
һּ˵Ļ򾳵أܻٻ
driven to the wall by poverty.
뼫ƶ֮
Sports The vertical surface of an ocean wave in surfing.
˶ ǽֱˣ˶к˵ֱ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
walled,wall.ing,walls 
To enclose, surround, or fortify with or as if with a wall:
ǽǽΧסȦסǿ
wall up an old window.See Synonyms at enclose 
һȾɴμ enclose
To divide or separate with or as if with a wall:
ָǽǽָ룺
wall off half a room.
ǽڸ
To enclose within a wall; immure.
ǽΧסѡǽ⣻
To block or close (an opening or a passage, for example) with or as if with a wall.
ûǽرգһڻͨ
?
off the wallٵ
Extremely unconventional.
˿ŵ
Without foundation; ridiculous:
ԭģƿЦģ
an accusation that is really off the wall.
ȷʵЦָ
up the wallٵ
Into a state of extreme frustration, anger, or distress:
ŭջģ뼫˾ɥŭ򱯰״̬
tensions that are driving me up the wall.
ʹķҵѹ
writing on the wall 
handwriting on the wall
An ominous indication of the course of future events:
ףδ¼չĲԤʾ
saw the writing on the wall and fled the country.
쵽ӵ˹
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weall 
Դ Ӣ weall 
from Latin vallum [palisade] 
Դ  vallum [դ] 
from vallus [stake] 
Դ vallus [ռ] 
?
wallless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wallet
wal.let
AHD:[w?l1t] 
D.J.[6wKl!t]
K.K.[6w$l!t]
n.ʣ
A flat pocket-sized folding case, usually made of leather, for holding paper money, cards, or photographs; a billfold.
ƤӣڴСƽ۵СƤƳɣװֽǮƬƬȣǮ
?
Middle English walet [knapsack] 
йӢ walet [] 
possibly from Old North French *walet [roll, knapsack] * see  wel- 2
Դ ŷ *walet [״] *μ wel- 2

= =
wander
wan.der
AHD:[w?ndr] 
D.J.[6wKnd*]
K.K.[6w$nd+]
v.ʣ
wan.dered,wan.der.ing,wan.ders 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move about without a definite destination or purpose.
ǻûȷĿĿĵε
To go by an indirect route or at no set pace; amble:
ƵУһ·򲻽ߣߣ
wander toward town.

To proceed in an irregular course; meander.
ѣԲ·ǰ۶
To go astray:
·
wander from the path of righteousness.
ʧ;
To lose clarity or coherence of thought or expression.
⣺˼ʧȥԻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wander across or through:

wander the forests and fields.
ɭҰ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of wandering; a stroll.
й䣺ǻΪй
?
Middle English wanderen 
йӢ wanderen 
from Old English wandrian 
Դ Ӣ wandrian 
?
wanderer
n.ʣ
wanderingly
adv.ʣ
?
wander,ramble,roam,rove,range,meander,stray,gallivant,gad
These verbs mean to move about at random or without destination or purpose.
ЩʱʾĵػûĿĿĵ߶
 Wander   andramble  stress the absence of a fixed course or goal:  
 Wander  ramble ǿûй̶·߻Ŀ꣺  
She wandered into the room.
ǻ߽ӡ
An old man's wit may wander  (Tennyson). 
 һҲܺ˼롱  ̹ɣ 
They would go off together, rambling along the river  (John Galsworthy). 
 ǽһͬź  Լ߶˹磩 
Be not . . . rambling in thought  (Marcus Aurelius).
 Ҫ˼롱  ˹˹
 Roam   androve  emphasize freedom of movement, often over a wide area:  
 Roam  rove ǿжԣָͨһƬϣ  
Herds of horses and cattle roamed at will over the plain  (George W. Cable). 
Ⱥţ޾ڲԭ  ΡW 
For ten long years I roved about, living first in one capital, then another  (Charlotte Bront?).
 ʮһֱεסһ׸Ȼְᵽһȥ  ءأ
 Range   suggests wandering in all directions: 
 Range  ʾɢ 
a large hunting party known to be ranging the prairie  (Francis Parkman). 
 ڲԭĴεĳĴԶӡ  ˹ 
The talk ranged over literary and publishing matters of mutual interest  (Edward Bok).
 ̸漰ͬȤѧ滰⡱  »ˣ
 Meander   suggests leisurely, sometimes aimless wandering over an irregular or winding course: 
 Meander  ʾеأʱĿ߹һĻ۵·ߣ 
He meandered to and fro . . . observing the manners and customs of Hillport society  (Arnold Bennett).
 ǰȥ۲ϣʽס  ŵ¡أ
 Stray   refers to deviation from a proper course: 
 Stray  ָƫȷ·ߣ 
He gave . . . strict directions . . . not to allow any of the men to stray  (J.A. Froude). 
 衭ָԲκʧ  (J.A.͵£ 
I ask pardon, I am straying from the question  (Oliver Goldsmith).
 ԭ£Ҷ⻹еԻ󲻽⡱  ʷ˹
 Gallivant   refers to wandering about in search of pleasure: 
 Gallivant  ָĴѰҿ֣ 
The students gallivanted all over New York City during the class trip.
ѧڰ༶ʱŦԼǡ
Gad   suggests restless, pointless wandering: 
Gad  ʾͣЪġΣ 
My parents wanted me to stop gadding about unaccompanied in foreign cities. 
Ҹĸϣֹеĵ 

= =
want
want
AHD:[w?nt, w?nt] 
D.J.[wKnt, w%8nt]
K.K.[w$nt, w%nt]
v.ʣ
want.ed,want.ing,wants 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To desire greatly; wish for:
ǿҵϣ
They want to leave.
ǿ뿪
To be without; lack.See Synonyms at lack 
ȱ٣ûвμ lack
To be in need of; require:
Ҫ
Your hair wants cutting, said the Hatter(Lewis Carroll)
ͷҪһ£˵(˹޶)
To request the presence or assistance of:
ҪҪĳֻ
You are wanted by your office.
칫ҵ
To seek with intent to capture:
ͨץΪͼѰң
The fugitive is wanted by the police.
ӷѱͨ
To have a desire for.See Synonyms at desire 
Сμ desire
To have an inclination toward; like:
ϲԡƫϲ
Say what you want, but be tactful.
Բ˵Ҫʲô?
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have need:
Ҫ
wants for nothing.
ʲôҲҪ
To be destitute or needy.
ƶѷ
To be disposed; wish:
Ը⣻ϣ
Call me daily if you want.
Ը⣬ÿҴ绰
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of lacking something usual or necessary:
ȱȱĳЩͨҪĶ״̬ʣ
stayed home for want of anything better to do.
¿ֻôڼ
Pressing need; destitution:
ƶ˵ƶƶ
lives in want.
ƶ֮
Something desired:
֮
a person of few wants and needs.
Ĺ
A defect of character; a fault.
ȱ㣺˸ϵȱ㣻ʧ
?
want in ٵ
To desire greatly to enter:
Ҫȥ룺
The dog wants in.
Ҫȥ
To wish to join a project, business, or other undertaking.
Ҫϣĳ̡ҵ
want out ٵ
To desire greatly to leave:
Ҫȥ뿪
The cat wants out.
ֻèҪȥ
To wish to leave a project, a business, or other undertaking.
Ҫȥϣ뿪ĳ̡ҵ
?
Middle English wanten [to be lacking] 
йӢ wanten [ȱ] 
from Old Norse vanta * see  eu- 2
Դ ˹ά vanta *μ eu- 2
?
wanter
n.ʣ
wantless
adj.ݴʣ
wantlessness
n.ʣ
?
Whenwant  is followed immediately by an infinitive construction, it does not take for : I want you to go  (not want for you ). When want  and the infinitive are separated in the sentence, 
however, for  is used: What I want is for you to go. I want very much for you to go.  See Usage Note at wish 
want һʽṹʱܽ for  I want you to goϣߣ  want for you )ǵ want Ͳʽھзֿʱ for ڴˣ ϣ
뿪ҷǳϣ뿪  μ wish

= =
war
war
AHD:[w?r] 
D.J.[w%8]
K.K.[w%r]
n.ʣ
A state of open, armed, often prolonged conflict carried on between nations, states, or parties.
սڹҡɱ֮еĹʹĳһʱĳͻ״̬
The period of such conflict.
սڼ
The techniques and procedures of war; military science.
ѧսļɻ򣻾¿ѧ
A condition of active antagonism or contention:
սض״̬
a war of words; a price war.
֮ս۸֮ս
A concerted effort or campaign to combat or put an end to something considered injurious:
ΪĳЩΪк֮սʹЭŬ
the war against acid rain.
ԤĶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
warred,war.ring,wars 
To wage or carry on warfare.
»ս
To be in a state of hostility or rivalry; contend.
ͬڽս״̬ڵжԻ״̬
?
at war
In an active state of conflict or contention.
ڽս״̬һֳͻ۵ĻԾ״̬
?
Middle English warre 
йӢ warre 
from Old North French werre 
Դ ŷ werre 
[of Germanic origin] * see  wers- 
[Դڵ] *μ wers- 
?
A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst  part of liverwurst  can be traced 
back to the same Indo-European root, wers-,  to confuse, mix up. In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with 
confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar,  the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-,  confusion, became .werra-,   which passed into Old French, a 
language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the 
formwerre  in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre  (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant 
war, a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst,  meaning 
sausage, from an underlying sense of mixture, which is, of course, related to the sense of the root to confuse, mix up.Modern Germanwurst  was borrowed into English in 
the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst  (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber  in leberwurst.  
һγҲǶսЩʶٿ˽warһʵʷ War liverwurst һ -wurst ׷ݵͬһӡŷϵʸ wers- ʹԻ󣬻ӡ ӡ
ŷϵеնϵУôʸ˺üԻֶĻйصĴwar ĴԴһУٶնʸ werza- Ի󡱱 werra-  ִ
ĹŷУָ5ͷߴ200ʡնʸУȲ˹ϵıеwerre (12͸ôʴӢֲ
õ guerre ( guerilla ĴԴ ʽʾսһȷľ档ͬʱһͬӡŷϵʸӡŷʽչ˾ɸߵص
wurst 㳦 ǴǱ塰ģȻ롰ʹ󣬻ӡĴʸĺйءִеwurst 19ʹӢУ Ķʽ
1855꣩Ȼliverwurst һ(1869꣩  Ρ㺬ɵleberwurst е leber  

= =
ward
ward
AHD:[w?rd] 
D.J.[w%8d]
K.K.[w%rd]
n.ʣ
A division of a city or town, especially an electoral district, for administrative and representative purposes.
ѡлڵķָѡΪѡٶ
A district of some English and Scottish counties corresponding roughly to the hundred or the wapentake.
ӢոһЩĵ뿤ķʱӢСӦ
A room in a hospital usually holding six or more patients.
ҽԺͨϲ˵ķ
A division in a hospital for the care of a particular group of patients:
ⲡҽԺﴦĳⲡ˵ķ䣺
a maternity ward.
Ʋ
One of the divisions of a penal institution, such as a prison.
෿ͷֳС֮һη
An open court or area of a castle or fortification enclosed by walls.
ǱڿյأΧǽΧסĳǱҪڵ¶쳡
Law A minor or incompetent person placed under the care or protection of a guardian or court.
ɡ ܼ໤ˣܼ໤˻ͥϵδ˻Ϊ
A person under the protection or care of another.
ܱߣܵ˱֮
The state of being under guard; custody.
໤ڼ໤֮µ״̬
The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship.
໤໤򱣻Ϊ
A means of protection; a defense.
ֶΣ
A defensive movement or attitude, especially in fencing; a guard.
мܣԵж̬ȣָеķ
The projecting ridge of a lock or keyhole that prevents the turning of a key other than the proper one.
ףڷֹǱԿתͻļ
The notch cut into a key that corresponds to such a ridge.
Կ׵龲ۣԿиĶӦ۵͹
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ward.ed,ward.ing,wards 
To guard; protect.
໤
?
ward off
To turn aside; parry:
ܿ
ward off an opponent's blows.
ֵܿһ
To try to prevent; avert:
⣻ܿ
took vitamins to ward off head colds.
άԱ˷
?
Middle English [action of guarding] 
йӢ [໤Ϊ] 
from Old English weard [a watching, keeper] * see  wer- 3
Դ Ӣ weard [񣬿] *μ wer- 3
?
Ward
Ward
AHD:[w?rd] (Aaron) Montgomery (1843-1913) 
D.J.[w%8d]
K.K.[w%rd]
NONE޴ԣ
American merchant who established (1872) the mail-order business that bears his name.
ֵ£ףɸ(1843-1913) ˣʹҵ(1872꣩
?
Ward
Ward 1Artemus (1727-1800)
NONE޴ԣ
American Revolutionary general who directed Massachusetts troops in the siege of Boston, until George Washington relieved him of the command and drove the British from the city 
(1776).
ֵ£ķ˹(1727-1800) սʱڽڲʿٰΧսָݲӣֱΡʢٽ쵼ְλӢ(1776꣩
?
Ward
Ward 2Artemus
NONE޴ԣ
See  Charles Farrar Browne 
μ  ˹ Browne
?
Ward
WardBarbara (Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth) (1914-1981)
NONE޴ԣ
British economist, conservationist, and writer whose works on ecology and political economy includeSpaceship Earth  (1966) and Progress for a Small Planet  (1980). 
ֵ£Ű(1914-1981) ӢѧҡȻԴߡң̬ξѧɴ 1966꣩ һСǵķչ 1980꣩ 
?
Ward
WardSir Joseph George (1856-1930)
NONE޴ԣ
New Zealand politician whose many posts included that of prime minister (1906-1912 and 1928-1930).
ֵ£ԼɪΣ(1856-1930) μңιְ񣬰ࣨ1906-19121928-1930꣩
?
Ward
WardLester Frank (1841-1913)
NONE޴ԣ
American sociologist considered a founder of sociology in the United States. His works includeThe Psychic Factors of Civilization  (1893). 
ֵ£˹ءˣ(1841-1913) ѧңΪѧĴߡƷľء 1893꣩ 
?
Ward
WardMary Augusta Arnold  Known as Mrs. Humphry Ward.(1851-1920)
NONE޴ԣ
British writer whose novels includeRobert Elsmere  (1888). 
ֵ£¹˹ŵ£(1851-1920) ӢңС˵˹÷ 1888꣩ 
?
Ward
WardNathaniel  Pen name Theodore de la Guard.(1578?-1652)
NONE޴ԣ
English clergyman and writer in America. He codified Massachusetts law (1641) and is primarily known for his satireThe Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America  (1645). 
ֵ£ɭ(1578?-1652) þӢʦҡ(1641꣩ҪƷķƤ 1645꣩ 

= =
warehouse
ware.house
AHD:[warhous] 
D.J.[6we*7ha&s]
K.K.[6wWr7ha&s]
n.Abbr. whs.ʣд whs.
A place in which goods or merchandise are stored; a storehouse.
ֿ⣺Ʒ֮ջ
Chiefly British A large, usually wholesale shop.
Ӣ ̵꣺ģҵ̵
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ware.housed,ware.hous.ing,ware.hous.esҲ [-houz]  
To place or store in a warehouse, especially in a bonded or government warehouse.
⣺ѡֿ⣬еĻĲֿ
To institutionalize (people) in usually deficient housing and in conditions in which medical, educational, psychiatric, and social services are below par or absent:
ãѣˣ뵽ҽơ񲡺ƽˮƽЩĲķӻȥ
has felt forced to warehouse hundreds of children in temporary shelters(Justine Wise Polier)
еȽɰٵĺӷŵıȥ(˹ȡ˹)
?
warehouser
AHD:[-houzr] ʣ

= =
warfare
war.fare
AHD:[w?rfar] 
D.J.[6w%87fe*]
K.K.[6w%r7fWr]
n.ʣ
The waging of war against an enemy; armed conflict.
սͬзеսװͻ
Military operations marked by a specific characteristic:
սĳصΪǵľսΪ
guerrilla warfare; chemical warfare.
λսѧս
A state of disharmony or conflict; strife:
ͻг
constant spousal warfare in the household.
ֹͥķ
Acts undertaken to destroy or undermine the strength of another:
Ϊݻٻµж
political warfare.
ι
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
warre [war] * see  war 
warre [ս] *μ war
fare [journey]  from Old English faru  from faran [to journey] * see  fare 
fare [ó]  Դ Ӣ faru  Դ faran [] *μ fare

= =
warm
warm
AHD:[w?rm] 
D.J.[w%8m]
K.K.[w%rm]
adj.ݴʣ
warm.er,warm.est 
Somewhat hotter than temperate; having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat; moderately hot:
ůģº͵ĳ̶ҪЩл˵¶ȵģ̫ȵģ
a warm climate.
ů
Having the natural heat of living beings:
µģȻеģ
a warm body.
ů
Preserving or imparting heat:
µĻȵģ
a warm overcoat.

Having or causing a sensation of unusually high body heat, as from exercise or hard work; overheated.
ȵģл¼ߵĸоģ˶ǿȹ̫ȵ
Marked by enthusiasm; ardent:
ģΪģĵģ
warm support.
֧
Characterized by liveliness, excitement, or disagreement; heated:
ҵģԻáΪģҵģ
a warm debate.
ҵı
Marked by or revealing friendliness or sincerity; cordial:
ȳϵģʾѺΪģĵģ
warm greetings.
ĵĻӭ
Loving; passionate:
ģҵģ
a warm embrace.
ҵӵ
Excitable, impetuous, or quick to be aroused:
׼ģüġ³Ļ׷ŭģ
a warm temper.
׼Ƣ
Color Predominantly red or yellow in tone:
ɫʡ ůɫģɫԺΪģ
a warm sunset.
Ƶ
Recently made; fresh:
ʵģƳɲõģµģ
a warm trail.
ʵĺۼ
Close to discovering, guessing, or finding something, as in certain games.
ҪֵģĳЩضϷУ֡лҵĳ
Informal Uncomfortable because of danger or annoyance:
ʽ ģģΣջŶеģ
Things are warm for the bookies.
ЩעǼǾ˵ܲ
v.ʣ
warmed,warm.ing,warms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To raise slightly in temperature; make warm:
ȣʹ¶΢ߣʹ£
warmed the rolls a bit more; warm up the house.
һ£ʹů
To make zealous or ardent; enliven.
ʹ飺ʹĻ飻ʹ
To fill with pleasant emotions:
ʹ˷ܣʹ飺
We were warmed by the sight of home.
ңǶ˷
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become warm:
£ů
The rolls are warming in the oven.
ڿм
To become ardent, enthusiastic, or animated:
ȤġԾ
began to warm to the subject.
ʼԸѧƸȤ
To become kindly disposed or friendly:
ƻѺã
She felt the audience warming to her.
еѺ
n.Informal ʣʽ 
A warming or heating.
»
?
warm up
Sports To prepare for an athletic event by exercising, stretching, or practicing for a short time beforehand.
˶ Ϊ׼ĳǰܶһʱϰ
To make or become ready for an event or operation.
ʹ׼ĳ¼ж׼
To make more enthusiastic, excited, or animated.
ʹġԾ
To approach a state of confrontation or violence.
ӽԿ״̬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wearm 
Դ Ӣ wearm 
?
warmer
n.ʣ
warmish
adj.ݴʣ
warmly
adv.ʣ
warmness
n.ʣ

= =
warmth
warmth
AHD:[w?rmth] 
D.J.[w%8mG]
K.K.[w%rmG]
n.ʣ
The state, sensation, or quality of producing or having a moderate degree of heat:
ůºͳ̶ȵȵ״̬оƷʣ
an agreeable warmth in the house.
˵ů
Friendliness, kindness, or affection:
ѺáƳϲ
human warmth.

Excitement or intensity, as of love or passion; ardor.
飺ļһǿң
Color The glowing effect produced by using predominantly red or yellow hues.
ɫʡ ɫģůУҪúɫůĸо
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English *wiermthu 
Դ Ӣ *wiermthu 
from wearm [warm] 
Դ wearm [ů] 

= =
warn
warn
AHD:[w?rn] 
D.J.[w%8n]
K.K.[w%rn]
v.ʣ
warned,warn.ing,warns 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make aware in advance of actual or potential harm, danger, or evil.
棺ʵܵΣΣջа֮ǰʹ֪
To admonish as to action or manners.
룺Ϊڵȵĸ
To notify (a person) to go or stay away:
֪ͨĳˣ뿪һԣ
warned them off the posted property.
֪ͨǲҪȥǼǹĲƲ
To notify or apprise in advance:
Ԥ棺Ԥ֪ͨߣ
They called and warned me that they might be delayed.
Ǵ绰Ԥȸǿܵһ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a warning.

?
Middle English warnen 
йӢ warnen 
from Old English warnian * see  wer- 4
Դ Ӣ warnian *μ wer- 4
?
warner
n.ʣ
?
warn,caution,forewarn
These verbs mean to give someone notice of and put the person on guard against actual or possible danger or risk.
Щʱʾ֪ͨĳʹʵǱڵΣջ
 Warn,   the most inclusive, implies well-timed notice that causes a person to be alert, vigilant, or wary: 
 Warn  㣬֪ͨʱʹĳ񡢾֮⣺ 
My father was warned by the neighbors that we were in great danger  (W.H. Hudson).
 ھӸҸףǵĴΣա  (W.H.
 Caution   often suggests a warning that calls for the use of circumspection or prudence,as in avoiding unpleasant consequences: 
 Caution  ʾСĵľ棬羯ⲻӰ죺 
The Secretary of State cautioned that terrorism would be countered by retaliatory action.
侯˵ֲ彫ҪܵԻ
Forewarn   intensifies the sense of advance notice: 
Forewarn  ǿ֪ͨһ壺 
Forewarned is forearmed. 
֪ͨľ׼ 

= =
warrant
war.rant
AHD:[w?rnt, w?r-] 
D.J.[6w%8r*nt, 6wKr-]
K.K.[6w%r*nt, 6w$r-]
n.Abbr. war.,wrnt.ʣд war.,wrnt.
Authorization or certification; sanction, as given by a superior.
׼Ȩ׼׼˾ģ
Justification for an action or a belief; grounds:
ݣ֤ĳһΪȷ֮£ţ
He almost gives his failings as a warrant for his greatness(Garry Wills)
ʧܵΰĸݡ(˹)
Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof:
ʹ˷Ļ֤ʵĳ֮֤֤
a warrant of authenticity; a warrant for success.
ʵԵĵɹı֤
An order that serves as authorization, especially:
ΪȨָ
A voucher authorizing payment or receipt of money.
ոƾ֤յǮƾ֤
Law A judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, a seizure, or an arrest or to execute a judgment.
ɡ Ѳ֤֤ȨԱѲ顢ûջķͥ״ִĳһ
A warrant officer.
֤
A certificate of appointment given to a warrant officer.
ί״Ա֤
v.tr.ﶯʣ
war.rant.ed,war.rant.ing,war.rants 
To guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition of.
֤֤ʵ׼ȷԻ
To guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of; vouch for.
֤ʵ֤ʵɿԣ
To guarantee (a product).
ĳһƷ
To guarantee (a purchaser) indemnification against damage or loss.
֤⳥ߣ𺦻ʧʱܵ⳥
To guarantee the immunity or security of.
Իȫ
To provide adequate grounds for; justify.See Synonyms at justify 
֤Ϊṩݣ֤μ justify
To grant authorization or sanction to (someone); authorize or empower.
Ȩ裨ĳˣȨ׼ȨȨ
Law To guarantee clear title to (real property).
ɡ ֤ƲȨ
?
Middle English warant 
йӢ warant 
from Old North French 
Դ ŷ 
[of Germanic origin] * see  wer- 4
[նԴ] *μ wer- 4
?
warrantability  
warrantableness
n.ʣ
warrantable
adj.ݴʣ
warrantably
adv.ʣ
warrantless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wash
wash
AHD:[w?sh, w?sh] 
D.J.[wK., w%8.]
K.K.[w$., w%.]
v.ʣ
washed,wash.ing,wash.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cleanse, using water or other liquid, usually with soap, detergent, or bleach, by immersing, dipping, rubbing, or scrubbing:
ϴϴˮҺʹ࣬ýݡաϴĦȷԷϴӼƯ׼
wash one's hands; wash windows.
ϴ֣ϴ
To soak, rinse out, and remove (dirt or stain) with or as if with water:
ϴȥûֽʪƮϴȥҳۼ
wash grease out of overalls.
ӹװϴȥ
To make moist or wet; drench:
ʪʹʪʪ͸ݣ
Tears washed the child's cheeks.
ʪС
To flow over, against, or past:
ˢ߻
waves that washed the sandy shores.
ˢɳ̲Ĳ
To carry, erode, remove, or destroy by the action of moving water:
ʴˮðˡʴ߻ƻ
Heavy rains washed the topsoil away.
ѱʴ
To rid of corruption or guilt; cleanse or purify:
ϴȥܻ򾻻
wash sins away.
ϴȥ
To cover or coat with a watery layer of paint or other coloring substance.
Ϳڣϸǻס
Chemistry 
ѧ 
To purify (a gas) by passing through or over a liquid, as to remove soluble matter.
ϴӣ壩ʹ壩ͨĳһҺԳȥпʵķʹ壩䴿
To pass a solvent, such as distilled water, through (a precipitate).
ʹܼˮͨ
To separate constituents of (an ore) by immersion in or agitation with water.
ˮ룺ͨˮлˮӦİ취루
To cause to undergo a swirling action:
ʹת״̬
washed the tea around in the cup.
Ĳ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cleanse something in or by means of water or other liquid.
ϴĳˮҺлˮҺʹ֮
To undergo washing without fading or other damage:
ϴԾϴӶ𺦣
This fabric will wash.
֯ϴ
Informal To hold up under examination; be convincing:
ʽ վסţ飻ŷ
That[proclamation] , of course, will not wash (John Hughes)
Ƿ[] Ȼվסŵġ (Լ˹)
To flow, sweep, or beat with a characteristic lapping sound:
Ĵõ͵Ĵߡˢ
Waves washed over the pilings.
ĴŰ׮
To be carried away, removed, or drawn by the action of water.
ˮߡû
n.ʣ
The act or process of washing or cleansing.
ϴϴӻĶ
A quantity of articles washed or intended for washing:
ϴϴĻҪϴһ
The wash is on the back porch.
Ҫϴ·ں
Waste liquid; swill.
ҺҺ壻ˮ
Fermented liquid from which liquor is distilled.
ѷ͵Һ
A preparation or product used in washing or coating.
ϴӼͿϣϴӻͿıϻƷ
A cosmetic or medicinal liquid, such as a mouthwash.
ϴҩҺ廯ױƷױõĻҩõҺ壬ڼ
A thin layer of water color or India ink spread on a drawing.
ϵıˮʻī֭
A light tint or hue:
ʣɫʻɫ
a wash of red sunset(Thomas Pynchon)
һĨб(˹ƽ)
A rush or surge of water or waves.
ˮˮεӿ
The sound of this rush or surge.
ˮӿ
Removal or erosion of soil by the action of moving water.
ˮʴˮˮʧʴ
A deposit of recently eroded debris.
½ĲкȵĶѻ
Low or marshy ground washed by tidal waters.
ݵأɲ֮ˮĵ͵ػ
A stretch of shallow water.
ǳˮ
Western U.S. The dry bed of a stream.
 ɺӴ
Turbulence in air or water caused by the motion or action of an oar, propeller, jet, or airfoil.
ɴƽ˶Ŀˮ
Informal An activity, action, or enterprise that yields neither marked gain nor marked loss:
ʽ ⲻ׬ȲõܶҲܴܵʧĻΪҵ
[The company]  doesn't do badly. That is, it's a wash (Harper's)
[˾] ľӪ״˵ȲҲ׬ ()
adj.ݴʣ
Used for washing.
ϴӵ
Being such that washing is possible; washable.
ϴģڿԱϴµģϴ
?
wash down
To clean by washing with water from top to bottom:
ϴˮͷβϴ
wash down the walls.
ϴǽ
To follow the ingestion of (food, for example) with the ingestion of a liquid:
£££ʳٺĳҺ壺
washed the cake down with coffee.
ÿȰѵ¶ȥ
wash out
To remove or be removed by washing.
ϴϴӵķȥ򱻳ȥ
To cause to fade by laundering:
ˮϴʹɫ
color that had been washed out by bleach.
ˮϴʵɫ
To carry or wear away or be carried or worn away by the action of moving water:
ˮ߻ʴ
The river rose and washed out the dam. The road has washed out five miles down the mountain.
ˮǣ˴ӡɽµ·廵Ӣ
To deplete or become depleted of vitality:
ľÿݽߣ
By evening, I was washed out from overwork.
˰ұĹ۵þƣ
To eliminate or be eliminated as unsatisfactory:
ɾɾɾ
a football player who was washed out; an officer candidate who washed out after one month.
³ԱһºְĺѡԱ
To cause (an event) to be rained out.
ʹĳ¼ȡ
wash up
To wash one's hands.
ϴ
Chiefly British To wash dishes after a meal.
Ӣ ͺˢ
To burn out; exhaust:
ƣߣ
She's all washed up as an editor.
༭۵þƣ
?
come out in the washٵ
To be revealed eventually:
¶ףձ¶
The real reasons for her resignation will come out in the wash.
ְԭվ׵
To turn out well in the end:
ܺã
Don't worry: this project will come out in the wash.
Ҫż̻кý
wash (one's) hands of
To refuse to accept responsibility for.
ܾĳ
To abandon; renounce.

?
Middle English washen 
йӢ washen 
from Old English wacsan, w?scan * see  wed- 1
Դ Ӣ wacsan, w?scan *μ wed- 1
?
Wash
Wash
AHD:[w?sh, w?sh] 
D.J.[wK., w%8.]
K.K.[w$., w%.]
NONE޴ԣ
An inlet of the North Sea off east-central England. The Wash has a dredged ship channel that leads to King's Lynn.
ʿ壺Ӣжıһ塣ʿһ˹ڵͨ˹ֵĺ

= =
waste
waste
AHD:[w3st] 
D.J.[we!st]
K.K.[west]
v.ʣ
wast.ed,wast.ing,wastes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To use, consume, spend, or expend thoughtlessly or carelessly.
˷ѣǵػϸʹáѡѻ
To cause to lose energy, strength, or vigor; exhaust, tire, or enfeeble:
ʹ˥ʹʧȥʹľƣ˥
Disease wasted his body.
ʹ˥
To fail to take advantage of or use for profit; lose:
ʧȥûûıʧȥ
waste an opportunity.

To destroy completely.
ȫƻ
Slang To kill; murder.
ٵ ɱıɱ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To lose energy, strength, weight, or vigor; become weak or enfeebled:
˥ʧ˥ݣ
wasting away from an illness.
򲡱
To pass without being put to use:
ţδʹþߣ
Time is wasting.

n.ʣ
The act or an instance of wasting or the condition of being wasted:
˷ѣ˷ѵΪ˷ѵ״
a waste of talent; gone to waste.
츳˷ѣ˷
A place, region, or land that is uninhabited or uncultivated; a desert or wilderness.
֮أ˾סδѵĵطأɳĮĵ
A devastated or destroyed region, town, or building; a ruin.
棺⵽ٻƻ֮
A useless or worthless byproduct, as from a manufacturing process.
ƷеȲû޼ֵ֮Ʒ
Something, such as steam, that escapes without being used.
δʹöݵĶ
Garbage; trash.

The undigested residue of food eliminated from the body; excrement.
йųδĲʳ
adj.ݴʣ
Regarded or discarded as worthless or useless:
õģģΪ޼ֵõĻ޼ֵõĶģ
waste trimmings.
õ
Used as a conveyance or container for refuse:
ͷģʢװģͻʢװģ
a waste bin.

Excreted from the body:
йģйģ
waste matter.
й
?
waste (one's) breath
To gain or accomplish nothing by speaking.
ͽѿࣺ˿ȴһ
?
Middle English wasten 
йӢ wasten 
from Old North French waster 
Դ ŷ waster 
from Latin v33re} [to make empty] 
Դ  v33re} [ʹ] 
from v3s [empty] * see  eu- 2
Դ v3s [յ] *μ eu- 2
?
waste,blow,consume,dissipate,fritter,squander
The central meaning shared by these verbs is to spend or expend without restraint and often to no avail: 
Щʹеǡ޽ƵҳЧػѻ 
wasted her inheritance;
ӻ̳еŲ
blew a fortune on a shopping spree;
˷Ǯƣ
time and money consumed in litigation;
еʱͽǮ
dissipating their energies in pointless argument;
Ѿ
frittering away her entire allowance;
ӻн
squandered his literary talent on writing commercials. save 
д˷ѧ츳 save

= =
watch
watch
AHD:[w?ch] 
D.J.[wKt.]
K.K.[w$t.]
v.ʣ
watched,watch.ing,watch.es 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To look or observe attentively or carefully; be closely observant:
עӣעϸؿ۲죻ϸع۲죺
watching for trail markers.
ע·
To look and wait expectantly or in anticipation:
ȴԤؿȣ
watch for an opportunity.
ȴ
To act as a spectator; look on:
ԹۣԹߣԹۣ
stood by the road and watched.
վ·Թ
To stay awake at night while serving as a guard, sentinel, or watcher.
Ϊڱڶϱ
To stay alert as a devotional or religious exercise; keep vigil.
ҹΪݻڽʽҹ־
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To look at steadily; observe carefully or continuously:
۲죺עӣϸ־ù۲죺
watch a parade.

To keep a watchful eye on; guard:
أ
watched the prisoner all day.
տط
To observe the course of mentally; keep up on or informed about:
ԡע˼ֹ̱עάֻա
watch the price of gold.
Խ۱ֹע
To tend (a flock, for example).See Synonyms at tend 2
տһȺ󣩲μ tend2
n.ʣ
The act or process of keeping awake or mentally alert, especially for the purpose of guarding.
裺ѻϾָ̣֮ΪĿ
The act of observing closely or the condition of being closely observed; surveillance.
עӣעӵΪעӵ״̬
A period of close observation, often in order to discover something:
۲ڣΪ˷ĳµй۲ʱڣ
a watch during the child's illness.
ڼĹ۲
A person or group of people serving, especially at night, to guard or protect.
ڱָϵξ򱣻ְĸ˻һ
The post or period of duty of a guard, sentinel, or watcher.
ڣվڣڱڵθλʱ
Any of the periods into which the night is divided; a part of the night.
ҹֳɼ֮һΣҹһ
Nautical 
 
Any of the periods of time into which the day aboard ship is divided and during which a part of the crew is assigned to duty.
ֵʱ䣺һбֵҪ󲿷ִԱڼװֵǶʱ
The members of a ship's crew on duty during a specific watch.
ֵߣĳһֵʱֵĴԱ
A chronometer on a ship.
ǣϵľǼʱ
A period of wakefulness, especially one observed as a religious vigil.
ҹָһڽҹŵʱ
A funeral wake.

A small portable timepiece, especially one worn on the wrist or carried in the pocket.
ֱСͱЯļʱָϻڿڴ
A flock of nightingales.See Synonyms at flock 1
һȺҹݺμ flock1
?
watch out
To be careful or on the alert; take care.
䱸䱸ע
watch over
To be in charge of; superintend.
ල
?
watch it
To be careful:
ע
had to watch it when I stepped onto the ice.
ϱͲò
watch (one's) step
To act or proceed with care and caution.
£СĽжǰ
To behave as is demanded, required, or appropriate.
Ҫʵر
?
Middle English wacchen 
йӢ wacchen 
from Old English w?ccan [to watch, be awake] * see  weg- 
Դ Ӣ w?ccan [۲죬] *μ weg- 

= =
water
wa.ter
AHD:[w?tr, w?tr] 
D.J.[6w%8t*, 6wKt*]
K.K.[6w%t+, 6w$t+]
n.ʣ
A clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid, H2O, essential for most plant and animal life and the most widely used of all solvents. Freezing point 0=C (32=F); boiling point 100=C 
(212=F); specific gravity (4=C) 1.0000; weight per gallon (15=C) 8.337 pounds (3.772 kilograms). 
ˮࡢɫᡢζҺ壬H2OΪ󲿷ֲͶ裬㷺еܼΪ϶(32϶ȣеΪ100϶(212϶ȣ׼ܶΪ(4
϶ȣ1.0000ÿ(15϶ȣ8.337(3.772 
Any of various forms of water:
ˮˮĸʽ֮һ֣
waste water.
ˮ
Often waters Naturally occurring mineral water, as at a spa.
  waters ȪˮȻ֮ˮȪеˮ
A body of water such as a sea, lake, river, or stream.
ˮ壺纣ӻϪȴƬˮ
waters A particular stretch of sea or ocean, especially that of a state or country:
 waters 캣ָһרһƬ
escorted out of British waters.
뿪Ӣ캣
A supply of water:
ˮԴˮĹӦ
had to turn off the water while repairing the broken drain.
©ܵʱжˮԴ
A water supply system.
ˮϵͳ
Any of the liquids present in or passed out of the body, such as urine, perspiration, tears, or saliva.
ҺڻųҺ壬򡢺ҺˮҺ
The fluid surrounding a fetus in the uterus; amniotic fluid.
ˮӹΧ̥֮Һ壻ĤҺ
An aqueous solution of a substance, especially a gas:
ˮҺʵˮҺ
ammonia water.
ˮ
A wavy finish or sheen, as of a fabric or metal.
ƣ֯Ĳƻ
The valuation of the assets of a business firm beyond their real value.
߹һ˾ʵʼֵʲ
Stock issued in excess of paid-in capital.
ɣʱеĹɱ
The transparency and luster of a gem.
ˮɫʯ͸ȼ
A level of excellence.
ʶȣõˮƽ
v.ʣ
wa.tered,wa.ter.ing,wa.ters 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pour or sprinkle water on; make wet:
Ϲˮʹʪ
watered the garden.
԰
To give drinking water to.
ṩˮṩˮ
To lead (an animal) to drinking water.
ţȥˮ
To dilute or weaken by adding water:
ϡͣˮϡͻ򵭻
a bar serving whiskey that had been watered.
ṩˮʿɵľư
To give a sheen to the surface of (silk, linen, or metal).
ƣ˿Ϲ
To increase (the number of shares of stock) without increasing the value of the assets represented.
ɣӣƱȴûʲֵ
To irrigate (land).
ȣأ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce or discharge fluid, as from the eyes.
᣺вҺ
To salivate in anticipation of food:
ҺڴʳҺ
The wonderful aroma from the kitchen makes my mouth water.
ƮζʹǴ
To take on a supply of water, as a ship.
ˮˮĴ紬
To drink water, as an animal.
ˮ綯
?
water down
To reduce the strength or effectiveness of:
ˡЧ
It seemed clear by late autumn that the ban would be significantly watered down or removed altogether before the trade bill became law(George R. Packard)
ʱᱻó׷Ϊ֮ǰȫ(R.)
?
above water
Out of difficulty or trouble.
ѣ鷳
water under the bridge
A past occurrence, especially something unfortunate, that cannot be undone or rectified:
ȳʵȥ飬ָ֮Ҳɸı޷أ
All that is now just water under the bridge.
Щڶǲɸıļȳʵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English w?ter * see  wed- 1
Դ Ӣ w?ter *μ wed- 1
?
waterer
n.ʣ

= =
waterfall
wa.ter.fall
AHD:[w?tr-f?l, w?tr-] 
D.J.[6w%8t*7f%8l, 6wKt*-]
K.K.[6w%t+7f%l, 6w$t*-]
n.ʣ
A steep descent of water from a height; a cascade.
ٲˮһ߶϶Ȼ£ٲ

= =
waterproof
wa.ter.proof
AHD:[w?tr-pr?f, w?tr-] 
D.J.[6w%8t*7pru8f, 6wKt*-]
K.K.[6w%t+7pruf, 6w$t*-]
adj.ݴʣ
Impervious to or unaffected by water.
ˮģ͸ˮΪˮӰ
Made of or coated or treated with rubber, plastic, or a sealing agent to prevent penetration by water.
÷ˮϴģԷֹ©ˮ𽺡ϻճǻ
n.ʣ
A material or fabric that is impervious to water.
ˮϣ͸ˮĲϻ֯
Chiefly British A raincoat or other such outer garment.
Ӣ £»
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wa.ter.proofed,wa.ter.proof.ing,wa.ter.proofs 
To make impervious to water.
ʹ͸ˮ

= =
watertight
wa.ter.tight
AHD:[w?tr-tot, w?tr-] 
D.J.[6w%8t*7ta!t, 6wKt*-]
K.K.[6w%t+7ta!t, 6w$t*-]
adj.ݴʣ
So tightly made that water cannot enter or escape.
ˮܵģ֮ˮ޷©
Having no flaws or loopholes; impossible to fault, refute, or evade:
иɻģû覴û©ģܴ󡢷رܵģ
a watertight alibi; a watertight contract.
иɻĽڣܵĺͬ

= =
watt
watt
AHD:[w?t] 
D.J.[wKt]
K.K.[w$t]
n.Abbr. WElectricity ʣд Wѧ 
An International System unit of power equal to one joule per second.See table at measurement 
أʹʵλ1/μ measurement
?
After  James Watt 
Դ  ղķ˹ Watt
?
One might well ask how many European scientists it takes to turn on a light bulb.If we think in terms of the names used for various units in the International, or meter-kilogram-second, 
System,a fair number are involved.Alphabetically arranged, these units are theampere,  named for the French scientist Andr? Marie Ampre (1775-1836); thecoulomb,  after the French 
scientist Charles A. de Coulomb (1736-1806); thefarad  and the faraday,  after the British scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867); thejoule,  after the British scientist James P. Joule 
(1818-1889); thenewton,  after the British scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727); theohm,  after the German scientist Georg S. Ohm (1789-1854); thevolt,  after the Italian scientist Count 
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827); and thewatt,  after the British scientist James Watt (1736-1819). Definitions such as that ofohm,  a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a 
conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals, take on more human connotations when we think of how human contributions to 
the study of electricity are memorialized in them.The dates of first recorded use of the terms in English are as follows:ampere,  1881; coulomb,  1881; farad,  1861; faraday,  1904; joule, 
 1882; newton,  1904; ohm,  1870 (suggested in 1861); volt,  1873; and watt,  1882. 
˿ܻʾ˶λŷ޿ѧҲŵ˵ݡԹʵλƻסǧˡ뵥λиֵλ֮ƵʽǵĻ൱˱ˡЩλĸ
˳ǰ࣬ ԷѧҰҡҮ(17751836꣩ أ ԷѧĶ¿(1736-1806꣩   ڣ Ӣѧ˶
(17911867꣩  Ӣѧղķ˹Ƥ(18181889꣩ ţ٣ Ӣѧˡţپʿ(16421727꣩ ŷķ Ե¹ѧ
¶˹ŷķ(17891854꣩ أ ѧɽޡֶ(17451827꣩ أ Ӣѧղķʿ(17361819꣩ 
ŷķ 赥λһصѹڵڵڲһ֮衱 뵽ǶԵѧĹ֮еõʱ򣬾ʹ˸
ںӢ״м¼ʹЩ˵ʱ£࣬ 1881 أ 1881  1861 ڣ 1904  1882 ţ٣ 1904 ŷķ 18701861
ʹã أ 1873 أ 1882 
?
Watt
Watt
AHD:[w?t] James (1736-1819) 
D.J.[wKt]
K.K.[w$t]
NONE޴ԣ
British engineer and inventor who made fundamental improvements in the steam engine, resulting in the modern, high-pressure steam engine (patented 1769).
أղķ˹(1736-1819) Ӣʦͷң˻ԵĸĽʹ֮չִĸѹ(1769ר

= =
wave
wave
AHD:[w3v] 
D.J.[we!v]
K.K.[wev]
v.ʣ
waved,wav.ing,waves 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move freely back and forth or up and down in the air, as branches in the wind.
ڶڿɰڶ֦ڷһ
To make a signal with an up-and-down or back-and-forth movement of the hand or an object held in the hand:
ʾ⣺ֻ֮»ذڶʾ⣺
waved as she drove by.
ʱʾ
To have an undulating or wavy form; curve or curl:
ʲΣ֮״
Her hair waves naturally.
ͷȻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to move back and forth or up and down, either once or repeatedly:
ʹҡΣʹػƶһεػظأ
She waved a fan before her face.
ǰҡ
To move or swing as in giving a signal:
ʾ⣺緢źʱζ֣
He waved his hand.See Synonyms at flourish 
ʾμ flourish
To signal or express by waving the hand or an object held in the hand:
ֱʾӶֻ֮﷢źŻʾ
We waved good-bye.
ǻֵ
To signal (a person) to move in a specified direction:
ָӣָʾĳˣض˶
The police officer waved the motorist into the right lane.
ٻָĦг߽ҵ
To arrange into curves, curls, or undulations:
ʹʲΣʹʾ״
wave one's hair.
̷
n.ʣ
A ridge or swell moving through or along the surface of a large body of water.
ˣˮ˶ɵļ״¡
A small ridge or swell moving across the interface of two fluids and dependent on surface tension.
˶ʽС״¡
Often waves The sea:
  waves 
vanished beneath the waves.
ʧڴ
Something that suggests the form and motion of a wave in the sea, especially:
״ƺв״˶Ķָ
A moving curve or succession of curves in or on a surface; an undulation:
״˶˶Ĳ򲨵ϵУ
waves of wheat in the wind.
е
A curve or succession of curves, as in the hair.
һϵоͷ
A curved shape, outline, or pattern.
ƣ״ʽ
A movement up and down or back and forth:
Ӷ»ص˶
a wave of the hand.

A surge or rush, as of sensation:
ǣͻĸǻͻ缤ʱ
a wave of nausea; a wave of indignation.
һѣΣһ
A sudden great rise, as in activity or intensity:
ǣжŶȵȵͻȻߣ
a wave of panic selling on the stock market.
еһ
A rising trend that involves large numbers of individuals:
糱ǣ˴˵ƣ
a wave of conservatism.
糱
One of a succession of mass movements:
˶֮һ
the first wave of settlers.
һ
A maneuver in which fans at a sports event simulate an ocean wave by rising quickly in sequence with arms upraised and then quickly sitting down again in a continuous rolling motion.
ˣ˶µĹģº˵Ĳݣվ֡Ȼ˶ܿ
A widespread, persistent meteorological condition, especially of temperature:
ͻ䣺Χָ¶ϵģ
a heat wave.

Physics 
ѧ 
A disturbance traveling through a medium by which energy is transferred from one particle of the medium to another without causing any permanent displacement of the medium itself.
񶯣ʵ񶯣ͨʹӽʵһӴ͵һӶ½ʱñλ
A graphic representation of the variation of such a disturbance with time.
ʾͼʱ仯ͼʾ
A single cycle of such a disturbance.
񶯵һ
?
Middle English waven 
йӢ waven 
from Old English wafian * see  webh- 
Դ Ӣ wafian *μ webh- 
?
waver
n.ʣ
?
Wave
Wave
AHD:[w3v] 
D.J.[we!v]
K.K.[wev]
n.ʣ
A member of the women's reserve of the U.S. Navy, organized during World War II, but now no longer a separate branch.
־Ը۸ŮӣŮԤӳԱսڼ齨ڲǶķ֧
?
W(omen) A(ccepted for) V(olunteer) E(mergency Service) 
W(omen) A(ccepted for) V(olunteer) E(mergency Service) 

= =
wavelength
wave.length
AHD:[w3vlngkth, -lngth] 
D.J.[6we!v7le0kG, -7le0G]
K.K.[6wev7lW0kG, -7lW0G]
n.Abbr. WLʣд WL
The distance between one peak or crest of a wave of light, heat, or other energy and the next corresponding peak or crest.
⡢Ȼһ򲨹һӦĲ򲨹֮ľ
?
on the same wavelengthʽ
In complete accord; in harmony:
ȫһ£Ǣ
a fluid . . . production in which author, director, designer and cast seem to be working on the same wavelength(James Lardner)
һߡݡԱԱƺȫЭһµƷ(ղķ˹)

= =
wax
wax 1
AHD:[w2ks] 
D.J.[w#ks]
K.K.[w#ks]
n.ʣ
Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
Ȼͻ֮һ֣ɲˮڴлܼ֬
Beeswax.

Cerumen.

A solid plastic or pliable liquid substance, such as ozocerite or paraffin, originating from petroleum and found in rock layers and used in paper coating, as insulation, in crayons, and 
often in medicinal preparations.
ʯʯԭ͵Ĺ̬״Һ̬ʣҲУֽͿԵʣҽҩƼ
A preparation containing wax used for polishing floors and other surfaces.
ذƼڴذ
A resinous mixture used by shoemakers to rub on thread.
ЬЬĨЬϵָ״
A phonograph record.
Ƭ
Something suggestive of wax in being impressionable or readily molded.
ڲݵ˻Ӱڲ֮
adj.ݴʣ
Made of wax:
Ƶģ
a wax candle.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
waxed,wax.ing,wax.es 
To coat, treat, or polish with wax.
ͿϹ
Informal To make a phonograph record of.
ʽ ѡƳƬ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weax 
Դ Ӣ weax 
?
wax
wax 2
AHD:[w2ks] 
D.J.[w#ks]
K.K.[w#ks]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
waxed,wax.ing,wax.es 
To increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity.
ӣڴСܼ
To show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the moon does in passing from new to full.
Գ𽥱Ĺµ
To grow or become as specified:
ɣΪתضģ
could afford . . . to wax sentimental over their heritage(John Simon)
ǵŲܹöƸС(Լ)
?
Middle English waxen 
йӢ waxen 
from Old English weaxan * see  aug- 
Դ Ӣ weaxan *μ aug- 

= =
way
way
AHD:[w3] 
D.J.[we!]
K.K.[we]
n.ʣ
A road, path, or highway affording passage from one place to another.
·Ϊһصһṩͨ·Сٹ·
An opening affording passage:
ͨԴͨ
This door is the only way into the attic.
ͨ¥Ψһͨ
Space to proceed:
ǰĵط
cleared the way for the parade.
Ϊпٵ·
Opportunity to advance:
չĻ᣺
opened the way to peace.
ͨƽ֮·
A course that is or may be used in going from one place to another:
·ߣһصһؿߵ·
tried to find the shortest way home.
Ŭҳؼҵ·
Progress or travel along a certain route or in a specific direction:
·һ·߻ضǰУ
on his way north.

A course of conduct or action:
̣ж̣֮
tried to take the easy way out.
߽ݾ
A manner or method of doing:
ʽĳµķʽ򷽷
several ways of solving this problem; had no way to reach her.
ļְ취ûа취ҵ
A usual or habitual manner or mode of being, living, or acting:
ʽͨϰߵĴڡΪʽ
the American way of life.
ʽ
An individual or personal manner of behaving, acting, or doing:
磺˵ı֡Ϊ·ʽ
Have it your own way.

Also ways [w3z] (used with a sing. verb)Informal Distance:
 Ҳ ways [w3z] 뵥ãʽ 룺
The travelers have come a long way. That village is a good ways off.
Ѿ˺ܳ·Ǹ·Զ
A specific direction:
򣺾ķ
He glanced my way.
һ
A participant. Often used in combination:
뷽ڹɸϴʣ
a three-way conversation.
̸
An aspect, a particular, or a feature:
ĳ棬ĳĳ
resembles his father in many ways; in no way comparable.
ܶ෽ĸף޿ɱȽ֮
Nature or category:
ʻ򷶳룺
not much in the way of a plot.
Ԥı֮
Freedom to do as one wishes:
Ըĳ֮µɣ
if I had my way.
ܰԼԸͺ
An aptitude or a facility:
ܣ
She certainly does have a way with words.
ȷƱ
A state or condition:
״̬
He is in a bad way financially.
״
Vicinity:

Drop in when you're out our way.
һʱһ
Often ways A longitudinal strip on a surface that serves to guide a moving machine part.
  ways 죺ϵۣڵ˶Ļ
ways (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Nautical The timbered structure on which a ship is built and from which it slides when launched.
 ways 뵥ã ִ̨ľʽṹˮʱϻ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
By a great distance or to a great degree; far:
ǳԶԶػڵأǳ
way off base; way over budget.
Զ󳬹Ԥ
From this place; away:
Ӵ˵أ뿪
Go way.
߿
?
by way of
Through; via:
ͨɣ
flew to the Far East by way of the polar route.
ɼغ߷Զ
As a means of:
ԡʽ
made no comment by way of apology.
ԵǸʽĩκ
go out of one's way 
go out of the way
To inconvenience oneself in doing something beyond what is required.
鷳أҪ֮ĳ¶ʹԼ鷳
in a way
To a certain extent; with reservations:
ĳ̶ֳϣбأ
I like the new styles, in a way.
ĳ̶ֳϲЩ¿ʽ
From one point of view:
ĳһϿ
In a way, you're right.
ĳһϿǶԵ
in the way
In a position to obstruct, hinder, or interfere.
أ谭赲λ
on one's way 
on the way
In the process of coming, going, or traveling:
ȥеĹУ
She is on her way out the door. Winter is on the way.
ߡҪ
on the way
On the route of a journey:
·ϣó̵·;У
met him on the way to town; ran into them on the way.
ȥӵ··ǵ
out of the way
In such a position as not to obstruct, hinder, or interfere.
ڲ»򲻸λ֮
Taken care of; disposed of:
õģչ˺õģõģ
some details to get out of the way first.
һЩҪõϸ
In a remote location.
ƫԶλ
Of an unusual character; remarkable.
Ѱģص
Improper; amiss:
ȷģģ
said nothing out of the way.
˵κβ֮
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weg * see  wegh- 
Դ Ӣ weg *μ wegh- 
?
way,route,course,passage,pass,artery
These nouns refer to paths leading from one place or point to another.
Щʶָһһص·
 Way   is the least specific: 
 Way  ģ 
Many ways meet in one town  (Shakespeare). 
 һж·ᡱ;ͬ飩  ɯʿǣ 
We made our way on foot.
ͽߡ
Show me the way home.
ָһؼҵ·
Route   refers to a planned, well-established, or regularly traveled way: 
Route  ָмƻ̶Ļйɵ·ߣ 
They know the routes . . . of the trappers;where to waylay them  (Washington Irving). 
֪ߵ·ߣ֪ǡ  ʢ١ŷģ 
Their one purpose of speed over the great ocean routes was achieved by perfect balance of spars and sails to the curving lines of the smooth black hull  (Samuel Eliot Morison).
 ǿΦͷƽ⵽ɫƽǵʵ˿ʻĿġ  ѶءĪɭ
 Course   suggests the path or channel taken by something, such as a river or a satellite, that moves: 
 Course  ָ˶壬ռݵ·ͨ  
the stars in their courses  (Judges 5:20); 
 еĺǡ  ʿʦǡ520) 
earth's diurnal course  (William Wordsworth).
 ÿС  Ȼ˹
 Passage   denotes a traversal over, across, or through something: 
 Passage  ʾԽ򴩹ĳͨ 
The yacht continued its passage with favorable winds.
Сͧ˳С
The passage between the buildings is dark and cramped.
֮ͨڰӵ
Pass   usually refers to a way affording passage around, over, or through a barrier: 
Pass  ָͨṩƹԽ򴩹ϰ֮ͨ· 
They had reached one of those very narrow passes between two tall stones  (George Eliot).Anartery  is a main route for the circulation of traffic into which local routes flow:  
 ѾǽЩǳխͨеһ  Ρأartery Ǹ·߻еĽͨѭߣ  
The city council voted to close the central artery for extensive repairs. See also Synonyms at  method 
ͶƱرԱȫ μͬ method
?
In American Englishways  is often used as an equivalent of way  in phrases such as a long ways to go.   The usage is not incorrectbut is widely regarded as informal.
ӢУways ÷ͨͬ a long way to go е way  ÷ǲȷ㷺Ϊǲʽ

= =
we
we
AHD:[w?] 
D.J.[wi8]
K.K.[wi]
pron.ʣ
Used by the speaker or writer to indicate the speaker or writer along with another or others as the subject:
ǣ˵߻дָһ˻һΪ
We made it to the lecture hall on time. We are planning a trip to Arizona this winter.
ǰʱݽڼƻ궬쵽ɣǵ
Used instead ofI,  especially by a sovereign or by a writer wishing to maintain an impersonal tone. 
ޣˣڴң ָʹõģϣһַǸ˵ 
Used to refer to people in general, including the speaker or writer:
ǣڷָǣ˵߻ߣ
How can we enter the professions and yet remain civilized human beings?(Virginia Woolf)
һжԾɱ?(ǡֶ)
Used instead ofyou  in direct address, especially to imply a patronizing camaraderie with the addressee: 
ǣֱڴ ʾͱƺ˵һָ͵ͬ־꣺ 
How are we feeling today?
λоô?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English w?} * see  we- 
Դ Ӣ w?} *μ we- 
?
When the pronoun is followed by an appositive noun phrase,the formus  is frequently encountered where grammatical correctness would require we,   as inUs owners  (properly We 
owners ) will have something to say about the contract.   Less frequently,we  is substituted for us,   as inFor we students, it's a no-win situation.   Both usages should be avoided.See 
Usage Note at be ,I 1
ʺͬλʶʱus ʹãȷ﷨Ҫʹ we  Us owners ȷӦ We owners ) will have something to say about the contractЩ
߹ڴ˺ͬЩ  we ̫ us  For we students, it's a no-win situationѧ˵һʤΣ  ÷Ӧμ 
be,I1

= =
weak
weak
AHD:[w?k] 
D.J.[wi8k]
K.K.[wik]
adj.ݴʣ
weak.er,weak.est 
Lacking physical strength, energy, or vigor; feeble.
ģȱģ
Likely to fail under pressure, stress, or strain; lacking resistance:
ι̵ģѹѹ֮׻ģȱٵֿģ
a weak link in a chain.
бһ
Lacking firmness of character or strength of will.
־ģȱǿԸ־
Lacking the proper strength or amount of ingredients:
ɷϡٵģȱʵӦгɷ֮ģ
weak coffee.

Lacking the ability to function normally or fully:
ܲģȱõģ
a weak heart.

Lacking aptitude or skill:
ģȱܵģ
a weak student; weak in math.
βõѧѧ
Lacking or resulting from a lack of intelligence.
ģȱıȱıµ
Lacking persuasiveness; unconvincing:
ȱ˵ģ˵ģ
a weak argument.
ı
Lacking authority or the power to govern.
ȨģȱȨͳȨ
Lacking potency or intensity:
ģȱҶȵģ
weak sunlight.

Linguistics 
ѧ 
Of, relating to, or being those verbs in Germanic languages that form a past tense and past participle by means of a dental suffix, asstart, started; have, had; bring, brought.  
仯ģնó׺ɹȥʽ͹ȥִ֮ʵĻ֮йصģstart, started; have, had; bring, brought  
Of, relating to, or being the inflection of nouns or adjectives in Germanic languages with a declensional suffix that historically contained ann.  
β仯ģնϵкn. ׺֮ʻݴʽĻ֮йص 
Unstressed or unaccented in pronunciation or poetic meter. Used of a word or syllable.
ضģڷʫвضġһʻ
Designating a verse ending in which the metrical stress falls on a word or syllable that is unstressed in normal speech, such as a preposition.
βģʫڽβضضʻڣ
Tending downward in price:
µģ۸½֮Ƶģ
a weak market for oil stocks.
ʯ͹Ʊµ
?
Middle English weike 
йӢ weike 
from Old Norse veikr [pliant] * see  weik- 2
Դ ˹ά veikr [] *μ weik- 2
?
weak,feeble,frail,fragile,infirm,decrepit,debilitated
These adjectives mean lacking or showing a lack of strength.
ЩݴʱʾȱĻʾȱġ
 Weak,   the most widely applicable, implies lack of physical, mental, or spiritual strength or deficiency of will or purpose: 
 Weak  㷺ӦõģȱϵġϵĻĻ־Ŀʶģ 
These poor wretches . . . were so weak they could hardly sit to their oars  (Daniel Defoe). 
 Щˡô¼ǵĽ Ѹ 
Like all weak men he laid an exaggerated stress on not changing one's mind  (W. Somerset Maugham).
 пһѹֵѹڲı뷨  (W.Ĭءķ
 Feeble   suggests pathetic or grievous physical or mental weakness or hopeless inadequacy: 
 Feeble  ġҵϻϵûϣĲ㣺 
a feeble patient;
Ĳˣ
a feeble intellect;
ǣ
a feeble effort.
õŬ
We, who were the tall pine of the forest, have become a feeble plant and need your protection  (Red Jacket).
 ǣɭеĸߴѾֲҪǵı  ¡ܿأ
 Frail   implies delicacy, as of constitution, or lack of ability to endure or withstand: 
 Frail  ȱ־ģ罨 
an aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small,/In blast-beruffled plume  (Thomas Hardy). 
һֻСɣ紵ë𴡱  ˹ 
Frail is our happiness, if this be so  (John Milton).What isfragile  is easily broken, damaged, or destroyed:  
ǵҸĻ  Լֶ٣Fragile ˼۶ϵġĻ򱻻ٻģ  
a fragile dewdrop  (John Keats). 
 ¶顱  Լôȣ 
This city is for the King, whose body is fragile,a very unhealthy city  (Lord Dunsany).
 ΪĹ׼ģһǳĳǡ  ѫ
 Infirm   implies enfeeblement: 
 Infirm  飺 
a poor, infirm, weak, and despis'd old man  (Shakespeare).
 һġǵġұ˿ˡ  ɯʿǣ
 Decrepit   describes what is weakened, worn out, or broken down by hard use or the passage of time: 
 Decrepit  ڹʹûʱ䳤ĥٻĶ 
childhood, manhood, and decrepit age  (Francis Quarles).
 ͯ꣬ꡱ  ˹˹
 Debilitated   suggests a gradual impairment of energy or strength: 
 Debilitated  ʧ 
Her already debilitated constitution is being further weakened by overwork and smoking. 
Ǳ۹Ⱥͳ̶ø 

= =
weaken
weak.en
AHD:[w?kn] 
D.J.[6wi8k*n]
K.K.[6wik*n]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
weak.ened,weak.en.ing,weak.ens 
To make or become weak or weaker.
ʹʹΪ
?
weakener
n.ʣ

= =
weakness
weak.ness
AHD:[w?kn1s] 
D.J.[6wi8kn!s]
K.K.[6wikn!s]
n.ʣ
The condition or quality of being weak.
״̬״
A personal defect or failing.See Synonyms at fault 
㣺˲ȱμ fault
A special fondness or inclination:
ãرϲ
has a weakness for fast cars.
ܳرϲ
Something of which one is excessively fond or desirous:
谮Ķĳ˹ϲĶ
Ice cream is his weakness.
ϲĶ

= =
wealth
wealth
AHD:[wlth] 
D.J.[welG]
K.K.[wWlG]
n.ʣ
An abundance of valuable material possessions or resources; riches.
ƸмֵӵԴķḻƸ
The state of being rich; affluence.
Уе״̬ԣ
All goods and resources having value in terms of exchange or use.
нʹüֵƷԴ
A great amount; a profusion:
ḻ
a wealth of advice.

?
Middle English welthe 
йӢ welthe 
from wele 
Դ wele 
from Old English wela * see  wel- 1
Դ Ӣ wela *μ wel- 1

= =
wealthy
wealth.y
AHD:[wlth?] 
D.J.[6welGi8]
K.K.[6wWlGi]
adj.ݴʣ
wealth.i.er,wealth.i.est 
Having wealth; rich.See Synonyms at rich 
ǮģĲμ rich
Marked by abundance:
ԷḻΪģ
a wealthy land.
ĵ
Well supplied:
ḻģ
wealthy in compassion.
ḻ
?
wealthily
adv.ʣ
wealthiness
n.ʣ

= =
weapon
weap.on
AHD:[wpn] 
D.J.[6wep*n]
K.K.[6wWp*n]
n.Abbr. wpn.ʣд wpn.
An instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword.
սйصߣǹ
Zoology A part or an organ, such as a claw or stinger, used by an animal in attack or defense.
ѧ Ϯ٣٣صٻһ֣צӻ
A means used to defend against or defeat another:
ܱ˵ֶΣ
Logic was her weapon.
߼
v.tr.ﶯʣ
weap.oned,weap.on.ing,weap.ons 
To supply with weapons or a weapon; arm.
ṩװ
?
Middle English wepen 
йӢ wepen 
from Old English w?n 
Դ Ӣ w?n 

= =
wear
wear
AHD:[war] 
D.J.[we*]
K.K.[wWr]
v.ʣ
wore[w?r, w?r] worn[w?rn, w?rn] wear.ing,wears 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To carry or have on the person as covering, adornment, or protection:
ţΪڱΡװλ򱣻
wearing a jacket; must wear a seat belt.
һпˣȫ
To carry or have habitually on the person, especially as an aid:
ϰָã
wears glasses.
۾
To display in one's appearance:
¶¶
always wears a smile.
¶΢Ц
To bear, carry, or maintain in a particular manner:
ʽСŻ
wears her hair long.

To fly or display (colors). Used of a ship, jockey, or knight.
죬죺죩ڴֻʦʿ
To damage, diminish, erode, or consume by long or hard use, attrition, or exposure. Often used withaway, down,  or off : 
ĥڳڴʹáĥ¶ֶġaway, down  offһʹ  
rocks worn away by the sea; shoes worn down at the heels.
ˮˢʯĥЬ
To produce by constant use, attrition, or exposure:
ĥڲϵʹáĥ¶£
eventually wore hollows in the stone steps.
ʯĥ˶
To bring to a specified condition by long use or attrition:
ɣĥɣ
wore the clothes to rags; pebbles worn smooth.
·Ʋĥʯ
To fatigue, weary, or exhaust:
ʹʹľ
Your incessant criticism has worn my patience.
㲻ϵѾʹʧȥ
Nautical To make (a sailing ship) come about with the wind aft.
 ʹβ˳
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To last under continual or hard use:
ãһֱιʹг
a fabric that will wear.
ʹ֯
To last through the passage of time:
ֲ䣺ʱŶ
a friendship that wears well.
־õ
To break down or diminish through use or attrition:
ĥ𣬺ʹûĥ٣
The rear tires began to wear.
̥ʼĥ
To pass gradually or tediously:
𽥻ͨ
The hours wore on.
ʱ
Nautical To come about with stern to windward.
 β緢
n.ʣ
The act of wearing or the state of being worn; use:
ʹãĶ򴩴״̬ʹã
The coat has had heavy wear.

Clothing, especially of a particular kind or for a particular use. Often used in combination:
ָôġڸϴУ
rainwear; footwear.
£Ь
Gradual impairment or diminution resulting from use or attrition.
ƣĥʹûĥɵ𻵻
The ability to withstand impairment from use or attrition:
ãʹûĥ
The engine has plenty of wear left.
̨úóʱ
?
wear down
To break down or exhaust by relentless pressure or resistance.
ĥûԲϵѹʹĥ򻵵
wear off
To diminish gradually in effect:
ʧЧ𽥼٣
The drug wore off.
ҩЧʧ
wear out
To make or become unusable through long or heavy use.
ûڳʱظʹʹΪ
To use up or consume gradually.

To exhaust; tire.
ʹľʹƣ
Chiefly Southern U.S. To punish by spanking:
ϲ ʹͷ
I'm going to wear you out!
Ҫúýѵ
?
wear the pants 
wear the trousers ʽ
To exercise controlling authority in a household.
ڼʹ֧Ȩ
wear thin
To be weakened or eroded gradually:
ֶ
Her patience is wearing thin.
ʧȥ
To become less convincing, acceptable, or popular, as through repeated use:
ó¸ظñԽԽšܻܽˣ
excuses that are wearing thin.
ó¸
?
Middle English weren 
йӢ weren 
from Old English werian * see  wes- 2
Դ Ӣ werian *μ wes- 2
?
wearer
n.ʣ

= =
weary
wea.ry
AHD:[w?r?] 
D.J.[6w!*ri8]
K.K.[6w!ri]
adj.ݴʣ
wea.ri.er,wea.ri.est 
Physically or mentally fatigued.
ƣģƣ
Expressive of or prompted by fatigue:
ģ¶ƣΪƣʹģ
a weary smile.
ƣЦ
Having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out:
ͷģĳȤ򰮺ʧģ
weary of delays.
Ƴٸеͷ
Causing fatigue; tiresome:
ʹζģƣģ
a weary wait.
Ľĵȴ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
wea.ried[w?r?d] wea.ry.ing,wea.ries[w?r?z]  
To make or become weary.See Synonyms at tire 1
ʹƣͲμ tire1
?
Middle English weri 
йӢ weri 
from Old English w?g 
Դ Ӣ w?g 
?
wearily
adv.ʣ
weariness
n.ʣ

= =
weather
weath.er
AHD:[wYr] 
D.J.[6weH*]
K.K.[6wWH+]
n.ʣ
The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure.
ʱ͵صĴ״ǣ浽¶ȡʪȡٺѹ
Adverse or destructive atmospheric conditions, such as high winds or heavy rain:
ӵĻƻԵĴ״籩꣺
encountered weather five miles out to sea.
幫˶
The unpleasant or destructive effects of such atmospheric conditions:
˲ԵĽ
protected the house from the weather.
ӲܶӰ
weathers Changes of fortune:
 weathers ı仯
had known him in many weathers.

v.ʣ
weath.ered,weath.er.ing,weath.ers 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To expose to the action of the elements, as for drying, seasoning, or coloring.
ɹ¶Ȼ֮£ʹɡ绯ɫ
To discolor, disintegrate, wear, or otherwise affect adversely by exposure.
ɣɫ¶ʹɫ塢ĻӰ
To come through (something) safely; survive:
ƽɹƽɹĳ£ס
weather a crisis.
ƽɹΣ
To slope (a roof, for example) so as to shed water.
ʹб棺ʹݶбˮ
Nautical To pass to the windward of despite bad weather.
 еϷ磺ܶеϷ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To show the effects, such as discoloration, of exposure to the elements:
ɫɣ¶¶ȻµЧɫ
The walls of the barn had weathered.
ȲֵǽѾɫ
To withstand the effects of weather:
ܷ꣺
a house paint that weathers well.
;Ժõķ
adj.ݴʣ
Nautical Of or relating to the windward side of a ship; windward.
 ϷģһĻ֮йصģϷ
Relating to or used in weather forecasting:
ԤģԤйػԤʹõģ
a weather plane.
ɻ
?
make heavy weather of
To exaggerate the difficulty of something to be done.
ѣĳµ
under the weather
Somewhat indisposed; slightly ill.
Щ΢
Informal 
ʽ 
Intoxicated; drunk.
΢ģ
Suffering from a hangover; crapulous.
ݾģ޽Ƶ
?
Middle English weder, wether 
йӢ weder, wether 
from Old English weder * see  w?- 
Դ Ӣ weder *μ w?- 

= =
weave
weave
AHD:[w?v] 
D.J.[wi8v]
K.K.[wiv]
v.ʣ
wove[w?v] wo.ven[w?vn] weav.ing,weaves 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (cloth) by interlacing the threads of the weft and the warp on a loom.
֯֯Ͻ֯γ֯
To interlace (threads, for example) into cloth.
֯ߵȣɲ
To construct by interlacing or interweaving strips or strands of material:
ࣺ֯ɹɵĲ죺
weave a basket.

To interweave or combine (elements) into a complex whole:
ϣܽϻϣԪأһӵ壺
wove the incidents into a story.
¼ϳһ
To contrive (something complex or elaborate) in this way:
죺ַʽ죨ӻϸĶ
weave a tale.
һ
To introduce (another element) into a complex whole; work in:
룺ѣأһӵ壻ѡȥ
wove folk tunes into the symphony.
ֵ뽻
To spin (a web, for example).
ᣨȣ
past tense weaved To make (a path or way) by winding in and out or from side to side:
ȥʱ̬ weaved ʹػнؽһһߵ·
weaved our way through the heavy traffic.
ڳˮػн
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To engage in weaving; make cloth.
֯֯
To work at a loom.
֯֯
past tense weaved To move in and out or sway from side to side.
ȥʱ̬ weaved Уҡǰһߵһߵذڶ
n.ʣ
The pattern, method of weaving, or construction of a fabric:
֯֯ʽ֯ʽ֯Ĺ죺
a twill weave; a loose weave.
б֯ϡı֯
?
Middle English weven 
йӢ weven 
from Old English wefan * see  webh- 
Դ Ӣ wefan *μ webh- 

= =
web
web
AHD:[wb] 
D.J.[web]
K.K.[wWb]
n.ʣ
A woven fabric, especially one on a loom or just removed from it.
֯֯ָ֯Ļ»
The structural part of cloth.
ƥĹ첿
A latticed or woven structure:
״ṹƳɸ״Ļ֯ɵĹ
A web of palm branches formed the roof of the hut.
ɲݶ״ṹ
A structure of delicate, threadlike filaments characteristically spun by spiders or certain insect larvae.
״˿ɵľ֯͵֩ĳЩ³֯
Something intricately contrived, especially something that ensnares or entangles:
۸ӵƳɵĶָʹȦ׻ʹĶ
caught in a web of lies.
Ե
A complex, interconnected structure or arrangement:
磺һָӵġϵ֯ţ
a web of telephone wires.
绰
A radio or television network.
ߵ
A membrane or fold of skin connecting the toes, as of certain amphibians, birds, and mammals.
룺ĳЩܶͲ鶯ֺƤ޻Ĥ
The barbs on each side of the shaft of a bird's feather; a vane.
꣺֧Ƭ
Architecture The surface between the ribs of a ribbed vault.
ѧ 壺ĳιв֮ƽ
A metal sheet or plate connecting the heavier sections, ribs, or flanges of a structural element.
壺ĳ첿ֵӽصĲλĽƬ
A thin metal plate or strip, as the bit of a key or the blade of a saw.
ƬƬԿ׳ݻƬ
A large continuous roll of paper, such as newsprint, either in the process of manufacture or as it is fed into a web press.
Ͳֽһлѽųһϵֽֽ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
webbed,web.bing,webs 
To provide with a web.

To cover or envelop with a web.
ǻΧ
To ensnare in a web.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  webh- 
Դ Ӣ *μ webh- 

= =
wedding
wed.ding
AHD:[wd1ng] 
D.J.[6wed!0]
K.K.[6wWd!0]
n.ʣ
The act of marrying.
Ϊ
The ceremony or celebration of a marriage.
񣺽ʽ
The anniversary of a marriage:
գ
a silver wedding.

The act or an instance of joining closely:
ϣܽϵΪ
a wedding of ideas.
˼Ľ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ģʣ
a wedding gown; wedding guests.
μӻĿ

= =
wedge
wedge
AHD:[wj] 
D.J.[wed9]
K.K.[wWd9]
n.ʣ
A piece of material, such as metal or wood, thick at one edge and tapered to a thin edge at the other for insertion in a narrow crevice, used for splitting, tightening, securing, or levering.
ШӣһľͷĲϣһ˴һ𽥱ϸԱСķ϶ڣ̶øܸ˶ĳֶ
Something shaped like a wedge:
Ш״һШӵĶ
a wedge of pie.
һШεڱ
Downstate New York See  submarine See Regional Note at submarine 
ŦԼϲ μ  submarine μ submarine
A wedge-shaped formation, as in football or ground warfare.
ШζΣһШ״ĶΣ˶ս
Something that intrudes and causes division or disruption:
ʹѵĶ벢ѻѵĶ
His nomination drove a wedge into party unity.
ڲ
Something that forces an opening or a beginning:
𿪶˻ʼĶ
a wedge in the war on poverty.
ƶսһ
Meteorology See  ridge 
ѧ μ  ridge 
Sports An iron golf club with a very slanted face, used to lift the ball, as from sand.
˶ Шͷһִ߶õİбڰɳ߿ջ
One of the triangular characters of cuneiform writing.
Ш֣Шηֵ֮һ
v.ʣ
wedged,wedg.ing,wedg.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To split or force apart with or as if with a wedge.
Ш룬ûШʹ
To fix in place or tighten with a wedge.
ѡШסѡШ
To crowd or squeeze into a limited space.
룬룺뵽޵Ŀռ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become lodged or jammed.
סס
?
Middle English wegge 
йӢ wegge 
from Old English wecg 
Դ Ӣ wecg 

= =
weed
weed 1
AHD:[w?d] 
D.J.[wi8d]
K.K.[wid]
n.ʣ
A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one growing where it is not wanted, as in a garden.
ӲݣΪǲҪġûĻһֲָҪĵطڻ԰
Rank growth of such plants.
Ӳݴԣֲķï
A water plant, especially seaweed.
ˮֲָ
The leaves or stems of a plant as distinguished from the seeds:
ҶֲҶ򾥣ӣ
dill weed.
ݪܾҶ
Something useless, detrimental, or worthless, especially an animal unfit for breeding.
õġкĻ޼ֵĶֵָĶ
Slang 
ٵ 
Tobacco.
̲
A cigarette.

Marijuana.

v.ʣ
weed.ed,weed.ing,weeds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To clear of weeds.
Ӳ
To remove (weeds). Often used without : 
ݣout ã 
weed out dandelions.
ѹӢ
To eliminate as unsuitable or unwanted. Often used without : 
ʻҪĶout ã 
weed out unqualified applicants.
޳ϸ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To remove weeds.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English w?d [herb, grass, weed] 
Դ Ӣ w?d [ݣݣҰ] 
?
weed
weed 2
AHD:[w?d] 
D.J.[wi8d]
K.K.[wid]
n.ʣ
A token of mourning, as a black band worn on a man's hat or sleeve.
ɴʾı־ñӻϵĺڴ
weeds The black mourning clothes of a widow.
 weeds ɥѸıʾĺɫ·
Often weeds An article of clothing; a garment.
  weeds һ·
?
Middle English wede [garment] 
йӢ wede [·] 
from Old English w?d 
Դ Ӣ w?d 
?
Weed
Weed
AHD:[w?d] Thurlow (1797-1882) 
D.J.[wi8d]
K.K.[wid]
NONE޴ԣ
American journalist and politician. Editor of theAlbany Evening Journal  (1830-1862), he exerted great political influence as a leader of the Whig Party and later of the Republican Party. 
£ɪ壺(1797-1882) ŹߺλҡΡ¶ ༭1830-1862꣩ΪԸ񵳵쵼Լ͵쵼ˣ˺ܴӰ 

= =
week
week
AHD:[w?k] 
D.J.[wi8k]
K.K.[wik]
n.Abbr. w.,wk.ʣд w.,wk.
A period of seven days:
һܣһʱڣ
a week of rain.
һ
A seven-day calendar period, especially one starting with Sunday and continuing through Saturday:
ڣһڼ䣬ָյʼգȥֱ
this week.

A week designated by an event or a holiday occurring within it:
ܣĳожڣ
commencement week.
ҵ
A week dedicated to a particular cause or institution:
ܣĳҵ򹫹ڣ
Home Safety Week.
ͥȫ
The part of a calendar week devoted to work, school, or business:
ܣڹѧҵܣ
working a three-day week.
ܹ
One week from a specified day:
ĳһ쿪ʼһܺ
I'll see you Friday week.

One week ago from a specified day:
ĳһһǰһ죺
It was Friday week that we last met.
ϴμһǰ
?
Middle English weke 
йӢ weke 
from Old English wicu * see  weik- 2
Դ Ӣ wicu *μ weik- 2

= =
weekday
week.day
AHD:[w?kd3] 
D.J.[6wi8k7de!]
K.K.[6wik7de]
n.ʣ
Any day of the week except Sunday, or often except Saturday and Sunday.
գջָյһеһ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
գʣ
weekday meetings; a weekday commute.
ջ飻°ཻͨ

= =
weekend
week.end
AHD:[w?knd] 
D.J.[6wi8k7end]
K.K.[6wik7Wnd]
n.ʣ
The end of the week, especially the period from Friday evening through Sunday evening.
ĩһܵĩβֱָϵʱ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ĩʣ
a weekend job; a weekend cottage.
ĩĩС
v.intr.ﶯʣ
week.end.ed,week.end.ing,week.ends 
To spend weekends or a weekend.
ĩ

= =
weekly
week.ly
AHD:[w?kl?] 
D.J.[6wi8kli8]
K.K.[6wikli]
adv.Abbr. wkly.ʣд wkly.
Once a week.
һһ
Every week.
ÿ
By the week.
ܼ
adj.Abbr. wkly.ݴʣд wkly.
Of or relating to a week.
һܵģһܵĻһйص
Occurring, appearing, or done once a week or every week.
ÿһεĻÿܷģÿһλÿֵܳģÿһλÿɵ
Computed by the week:
ܼģ
a weekly rate.
ܼķ
n.ʣ
 week.lies д wkly.
A publication issued once a week.
ܿÿܳһεĳ

= =
weep
weep
AHD:[w?p] 
D.J.[wi8p]
K.K.[wip]
v.ʣ
wept[wpt] weep.ing,weeps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To shed (tears) as an expression of emotion:
ᣩᣩΪһֱ﷽ʽ
weep bitter tears of remorse.
»ںʹˮ
To express grief or anguish for; lament:
ˣΪﱯ˻ŭ
wept the death of the child.
ӵ
To bring to a specified condition by weeping:
᣺ޡĳض״̬
She wept herself into a state of exhaustion.

To exude or let fall (drops of liquid):
ʹ£ɵεҺ壩
cuts the jellied milk into tiny, soft curds that weep whey(Kit Snedaker)
ţ̵г齬С顱(ء˹)
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To express emotion, such as grief or sadness, by shedding tears.See Synonyms at cry 
᣺飬籯ʹ˲μ cry
To mourn or grieve:
̾
wept for the dead.
Ϊ߶̾
To emit or run with drops of liquid:
Һ壬Һ壺³ɵεҺ壺
a sore that weeps.
ҺĴ
n.ʣ
A period or fit of weeping. Often used in the plural.
һοһһλһ
?
Middle English wepen 
йӢ wepen 
from Old English w?n 
Դ Ӣ w?n 

= =
weigh
weigh 1
AHD:[w3] 
D.J.[we!]
K.K.[we]
v.ʣ
weighed,weigh.ing,weighs 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To determine the weight of by or as if by using a scale or balance.
ơûƽ
To measure or apportion (a certain quantity) by or as if by weight. Often used without : 
Ƴַûַһout ã 
weighed out a pound of cheese.
Ƴһ
To balance in the mind in order to make a choice; ponder or evaluate:
Ȩ⣺бȽԱ˼ۣ
weighed the alternatives and decided to stay.
Ȩѡ
To choose carefully or deliberately:
ãѡ
weigh one's words.
ԼĻ
Nautical To raise (anchor).
 ê
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be of a specific weight.
ض
To have consequence or importance:
Ӱ죬Ҫԣ
The decision weighed heavily against us.See Synonyms at count 1
ǼΪμ count1
To press heavily. Used withon  or upon : 
ѹon  upon ã 
Guilt weighed on him.
гصѹͷ
Nautical To raise anchor.
 ê
?
weigh down
To cause to bend down with added weight:
ѹ䣺ӵʹ
vines that were weighed down with grapes.
ѹ
To burden or oppress:
ѹ
were weighed down with cares; responsibilities that wore me down.
Ƕأʹҷյ
weigh in
Sports To be weighed before or after an athletic contest.
˶ أǰ
To have one's baggage weighed, as at an airport.
ڻ
Slang To enter as a participant:
ٵ Ϊμߣ
She weighed in with some pertinent facts.
صʵμ
?
Middle English weien 
йӢ weien 
from Old English wegan * see  wegh- 
Դ Ӣ wegan *μ wegh- 
?
weigher
n.ʣ
?
weigh
weigh 2
AHD:[w3] 
D.J.[we!]
K.K.[we]
n.Nautical ʣ 
Way. Used in the phraseunder weigh.  
·ڴunder weigh ֮ 
?
Variant of way 
 wayı

= =
weight
weight
AHD:[w3t] 
D.J.[we!t]
K.K.[wet]
n.Abbr. w.,wt.ʣд w.,wt.
A measure of the heaviness of an object.
һĶ
The force with which a body is attracted to Earth or another celestial body, equal to the product of the object's mass and the acceleration of gravity.
ĳٶȵĳ˻
A unit measure of gravitational force:
λļλ
a table of weights and measures.
Ͷλ
A system of such measures:
ƣּλϵͳ
avoirdupois weight; troy weight.
ƣ
The measured heaviness of a specific object:
ĳļ
a two-pound weight.

An object used principally to exert a force by virtue of its gravitational attraction to Earth, especially:
壺Ҫʩѹ壬ָ
A metallic solid used as a standard of comparison in weighing.
ȣΪʱȽϱ׼Ľ
An object used to hold something else down.
ѹסĶ
A counterbalance in a machine.
еƽ
Sports A heavy object, such as a dumbbell, lifted for exercise or in athletic competition.
˶ Ͷеڶ
Statistics A factor assigned to a number in a computation, as in determining an average, to make the number's effect on the computation reflect its importance.
ͳѧ ȨڼָĳֵϵӶʹֶЧӳҪԣھһƽ
Burden; oppressiveness.
ѹ
The greater part; preponderance:
󲿷֣ƣ
The weight of the evidence is against the defendant.
󲿷֤ʶԱвӰ
Influence, importance, or authority:
Ӱ죬ҪԻȨ
Her approval carried great weight.See Synonyms at importance 
ͬкҪӰμ importance
Ponderous quality:
صʣ
the weight of the speaker's words.
߻ķ
Sports A classification according to comparative lightness or heaviness. Often used in combination:
˶ 𣺸Եеһֻ֡Թɸϴʣ
a heavyweight boxer.
ȭ
The heaviness or thickness of a fabric in relation to a particular season or use. Often used in combination:
񱡶ȣ֯ڼ;Եػ񱡡Թɸϴʣ
a summerweight jacket.
ʺļѿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
weight.ed,weight.ing,weights 
To add to, by or as if by attaching a weight; make heavy or heavier.
ڣʹأͨͨһʹػø
To load down, burden, or oppress.
ʹأʹѹ
To increase the weight or body of (fabrics) by treating with chemicals.
شûѧƷӣ֯ʵ
Mathematics Statistics To assign weights or a weight to.
ѧ ͳѧ ʹȨ
To cause to have a slant or bias:
ʹбʹбƫ
weighted the rules in favor of homeowners.
ʹ
Sports To assign to (a horse) the weight it must carry as a handicap in a race.
˶ ָָڱб븺صΪϰ
?
by weight
According to weight rather than volume or other measure.
ݻ
?
Middle English wight 
йӢ wight 
from Old English wiht * see  wegh- 
Դ Ӣ wiht *μ wegh- 

= =
welcome
wel.come
AHD:[wlkm] 
D.J.[6welk*m]
K.K.[6wWlk*m]
adj.ݴʣ
Received with pleasure and hospitality into one's company or home:
ܻӭģ˵ءؽΪĳ˵Ļɽĳ˼еģ
a welcome guest.
ܻӭĿ
Giving pleasure or satisfaction; agreeable or gratifying:
ģ軶ֻģĻģ
a welcome respite from hard work.
̿๤ĶϢ
Cordially or willingly permitted or invited:
ȳģĵػǳģ
You are welcome to join us.
Ƿǳ
Freely granted one's courtesy. Used to acknowledge an expression of gratitude.
ʾлģɸĳ˵òԴʡڱʾл
n.ʣ
A cordial greeting or hospitable reception given to an arriving person.
ӭԸոյ˵ʺĽӴ
A reception upon arrival:
ӭӴʱĽӴ
gave the stranger an unfriendly welcome.
λİ˵ĽӴܲѺ
The state of being welcome:
ܻӭ״̬
Don't overstay your welcome.
Ҫ̫öܻӭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wel.comed,wel.com.ing,wel.comes 
To greet, receive, or entertain (another or others) cordially or hospitably.
ӭĵػкɻʹĳ
To receive or accept gladly:
ؽܣ
would welcome a little privacy.
ܸ˵ؽһЩ˽
interj.̾ʣ
Used to greet cordially a visitor or recent arrival.
ӭʺ˻
?
wear out (one's) welcome
To visit so often or stay so long as to become a nuisance.
ùܻ̫ö
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration  influenced by wel [well] 
   welӰ [] 
of Old English wilcuma [welcome guest, welcome] * see  g w3- 
 Ӣ wilcumaı仯 [ӭˣӭ] *μ g w3- 
?
welcomely
adv.ʣ
welcomeness
n.ʣ
welcomer
n.ʣ

= =
weld
weld 1
AHD:[wld] 
D.J.[weld]
K.K.[wWld]
v.ʣ
weld.ed,weld.ing,welds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with pressure and sometimes with an intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point.
ӣͨȣʱѹʱýкܸ۵ӣ
To bring into close association or union.
ʹܽϣʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be capable of being welded.
ܱ
n.ʣ
The union of two metal parts by welding.
ӣΪһ
The joint formed by welding.
ӵ㣺ͨγɵĽӺϵ
?
Alteration  probably influenced by welled  [past participle of] well 1
   welledӰ  [] well1Ĺȥִ 
of well 1[to weld (obsolete and dialectal)] 
 well1ı仯 [ʱΪԵģ] 
?
welder  
weldor
n.ʣ
?
weld
weld 2
AHD:[wld]  Ҳ wold [w?ld] 
D.J.[weld] Ҳ wold [w*&ld]
K.K.[wWld] Ҳ wold [wold]
n.ʣ
See  dyer's rocket 
μ  dyer's rocket
The yellow dye obtained from dyer's rocket.
ɫֲȾϣӺȾϵĻƻֲеõĻɫȾ
?
Middle English welde 
йӢ welde 
?
Weld
Weld
AHD:[wld] Theodore Dwight (1803-1895) 
D.J.[weld]
K.K.[wWld]
NONE޴ԣ
American abolitionist whose pamphletSlavery As It Is  (1839) inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.  
κ£Ұ¶»أ(1803-1895) ū˶ߡСӡūƶ״ 1839꣩˹ءȳ˹дС˵ ķСݡ  

= =
welfare
wel.fare
AHD:[wlfar] 
D.J.[6wel7fe*]
K.K.[6wWl7fWr]
n.ʣ
Health, happiness, and good fortune; well-being.
Ҹͺ
Prosperity.

Welfare work.

Financial or other aid provided, especially by the government, to people in need.
ȼãƶߵĽǮʽԮָṩ
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
ʣ
a welfare hotel; welfare families.
ùݣͥ
?
on welfare
Receiving regular assistance from the government or private agencies because of need.
ܸȼõģƶ˽˻ܶڰ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from wel faren [to fare well] 
Դ wel faren [ټ] 
from Old English wel faran 
Դ Ӣ wel faran 
wel [well] * see  well 2
wel [] *μ well2
faran [to get along] * see  fare 
faran [ദ] *μ fare

= =
well
well 1
AHD:[wl] 
D.J.[wel]
K.K.[wWl]
n.ʣ
A deep hole or shaft sunk into the earth to obtain water, oil, gas, or brine.
Уȡˮ͡ˮ׻
A container or reservoir for a liquid, such as ink.
ҺҺҺīˮ
A place where water issues from the earth; a spring or fountain.
ˮԴȪˮӵĵطȪȪ
A mineral spring.
Ȫ
wells A watering place; a spa.
 wells ˮԴˮĵطȪ
An abundant source:
ԴȪḻԴ
a well of information.
ϢԴȪ
An open space extending vertically through the floors of a building, as for stairs or ventilation.
¥ݾͨ羮ֱͨĿռ䣬Ϊ˽¥ݻͨ
Nautical An enclosure in a ship's hold for the pumps.
 ײˮü䣺ڴװˮõС
A cistern with a perforated bottom in the hold of a fishing vessel for keeping fish alive.
գ洬еſ׵ģΪ˱ŵ
An enclosed space for receiving and holding something, such as the wheels of an airplane when retracted.
գΪպɶΧĿռ䣬ķɻ
Chiefly British The central space in a law court, directly in front of the judge's bench, where the counsel or solicitor sits.
Ӣ ʦϯλڷͥм䣬ϯǰĵط绤˻ʦڴ
v.ʣ
welled,well.ing,wells 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To rise to the surface, ready to flow:
ӿϣ棬׼
Tears welled in my eyes.
ӿҵۿ
To rise or surge from an inner source:
ڲӿ
Anger welled up in me.
ŭв
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To pour forth.
ӿð
?
Middle English welle 
йӢ welle 
from Old English welle * see  wel- 2
Դ Ӣ welle *μ wel- 2
?
well
well 2
AHD:[wl] 
D.J.[wel]
K.K.[wWl]
adv.ʣ
bet.ter[btr] best[bst]  
In a good or proper manner:
ʵأԺõĻʵķʽ
behaved well.
ֺܺ
Skillfully or proficiently:
أͨأ
dances well.

Satisfactorily or sufficiently:
أ㹻أ
slept well.
˯㹻
Successfully or effectively:
ɹأЧأ
gets along well with people.
ദ
In a comfortable or affluent manner:
أԣأ
lived well.
ĵ
In a manner affording benefit or gain; advantageously:
أԿɸôķʽأ
married well.
һź
With reason or propriety; reasonably:
ɵأǡأʵأ
can't very well say no.
ûʲôô˵
In all likelihood; indeed:
϶أȷʵ
You may well need your umbrella.
϶Ҫɡ
In a prudent or sensible manner:
أǵأ
You would do well to say nothing more.
òҪ˵
In a close or familiar manner:
ϸأϤأ
knew them well.
Ǻ
In a favorable or approving manner:
ϲأ޳ɵأ
spoke well of them.
˵ǵĺû
Thoroughly; completely:
׵أȫأ
well cooked; cooked well.
ģú
Perfectly; clearly:
ȫأأ
I well understand your intentions.
ȫǵͼ
To a suitable or appropriate degree:
ǡأʵĳ̶ȵأ
well pleased.
ǳ
To a considerable extent or degree:
൱أɹ۵޶Ȼ̶ȵأ
well over the estimate.
سԤ
With care or attention:
עأרעأ
listened well.
רĵ
Entirely; fully:
ȫأֵأ
well worth seeing.
ֵһ
adj.ݴʣ
better,best 
In a satisfactory condition; right or proper:
ģȷĻʵģ
All is well.
һж
Not ailing, infirm, or diseased; healthy.See Synonyms at healthy 
ģûġĻûòģĲμ healthy
Cured or healed, as a wound.
ģĻģ˿
Advisable; prudent:
ģģ
It would be well not to ask.
òҪ
Fortunate; good:
˵ģõģ
It is well that you stayed.
ܺ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to introduce a remark, resume a narrative, or fill a pause during conversation.
รޣһ仰ԻļЪ
Used to express surprise.
Ӵѽʾ
?
as well
In addition; also:
⣻Ҳ
mentioned other matters as well.
Ҳᵽ
With equal effect:
ͬأ
I might as well go.
ûȥ
in well withʽ
In a position to influence or be favored by:
Ӱĵλܳڣ
He's in well with management.
ܵԱ
?
Middle English wel 
йӢ wel 
from Old English * see  wel- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ wel- 1
?
Used as an adjective applied to people,well  usually refers to a state of health, whereasgood  has a much wider range of senses. It has always been a first principle of grammatical 
criticism that there should be no difference without a distinction,and perhaps for this reason, some critics have insisted that the expressionfeel good  cannot be used in reference to 
health. It is true that there is a distinction betweenfeel well  and feel good,  but both can be applied to a state of health.Thus a patient suffering from a chronic disease might 
appropriately say to a doctorI feel good today,  which implies a relative lack of physical discomfort.By contrast,I feel well today  would be appropriate if the patient believes that the 
ailment has disappeared. See Usage Note at good 
ݴʱwell ָͨ״ good ˼ӹ㷺 ﷨УûûвһֱǵһԭҲΪˣһЩҼΪfeel 
good һ﷽ʽָ Ȼfeel well  feel good  ߶ָһλԲĲȫԶҽ˵I feel good todayҽо
  仰ʾŲʹԼˡ෴I feel well todayҽеȫˣ ҲԣȷŲ֢ʧ μ good

= =
well-known
well-known
AHD:[wln?n] 
D.J.[6wel6n*&n]
K.K.[6wWl6non]
adj.ݴʣ
Widely known; familiar or famous:
ģϤĻģ
a well-known performer.
ݼ
Fully known:
֪ģ
well-known facts.
֪ʵ

= =
west
west
AHD:[wst] 
D.J.[west]
K.K.[wWst]
n.Abbr. W,W.,w,w.ʣд W,W.,w,w.
The cardinal point on the mariner's compass 270= clockwise from due north and directly opposite east.
ָϵĻ򣬼˳ʱ뷽ת270ȣŶ
The direction opposite to the direction of the earth's axial rotation.
ת෴ķ
An area or a region lying in the west.

Often West 
  West 
The western part of the earth, especially Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
ָŷ޺
The western part of a region or country.
ĳһ
Often West 
  West 
A former region of the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains.
ǰڰɽĵ
The region of the United States west of the Mississippi River.
Ⱥĵ
The noncommunist countries of Europe and the Americas.
ңŷ޺ϱ޵ķǹ
adj.Abbr. W,W.,w,w.ݴʣд W,W.,w,w.
To, toward, of, facing, or in the west.
ģģģĻ
Originating in or coming from the west:
ģԴģ
a gentle west wind.
͵
adv.Abbr. W,W.,w,w.ʣд W,W.,w,w.
In, from, or toward the west.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  wes-pero- 
Դ Ӣ *μ wes-pero- 
?
West
WestBenjamin (1738-1820)
NONE޴ԣ
American painter. The first American to study art in Italy (1760-1763), he settled in England and quickly became a prominent artist.The Death of General Wolfe  (1770) is among his most 
important works. 
Τ˹أ(1738-1820) ҡǵһλѧϰ(1760-1763꣩ӢҲܿĳΪܳҡֶ򽫾֮ 1770꣩
ҪƷ֮һ 
?
West
WestMae (1892?-1980)
NONE޴ԣ
American actress known for her sultry stage persona. Her films includeI'm No Angel  (1933) and My Little Chickadee  (1940). 
Τ˹أ÷(1892?-1980) ŮԱ԰̨ĵӰҲʹ 1933꣩ Сȸ 1940꣩ 
?
West
WestNathanael  Pen name of Nathan Weinstein(1903-1940)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer known for his novels of dark comedy, such asMiss Lonelyhearts  (1933) and The Day of the Locust  (1939). 
Τ˹أɭͶ(1903-1940) ңĺɫϲС˵硶įġС㡷 1933꣩ ȳһ졷 1939꣩ 
?
West
WestDame Rebecca  Pen name of Cicily Isabel Fairfield Andrews.(1892-1983)
NONE޴ԣ
British writer and critic whose works include psychological novels, such asThe Judge  (1922), critical studies, as of Henry James (1916), a historical study of Yugoslavia (1942), and 
several reports on the Nuremberg trials. 
Τ˹أױ(1892-1983) ӢҺۼҡƷС˵硶١ 1922꣩ѧойغղķ˹о(1916꣩й˹
ʷо(1942꣩йŦױеļ򱨵 

= =
western
west.ern
AHD:[wstrn] 
D.J.[6west*n]
K.K.[6wWst*n]
adj.Abbr. W,W.,w,w.ݴʣд W,W.,w,w.
Situated in, toward, or facing the west.
ģ
Coming from the west:
ģ
western breezes.
΢
Native to or growing in the west.
еģ
Often Western Of, relating to, or characteristic of western regions or the West.
  Western ģйصģɫ
Western Of, relating to, or descended from those Christian churches that use or formerly used Latin as their liturgical language.
 Western ɽ̻ģûǰΪʽԵĻ̻ģ֮йصģԴֽ̻
n.ʣ
Often Western A novel, film, or television or radio program about frontier life in the American West.
  Western С˵ӰӾ㲥йıԶС˵ӰӾ㲥Ŀ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English westerne * see  wes-pero- 
Դ Ӣ westerne *μ wes-pero- 
?
westernness
n.ʣ

= =
westward
west.ward
AHD:[wstwrd] 
D.J.[6westw*d]
K.K.[6wWstw*d]
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
Toward, to, or in the west.

n.ʣ
A westward direction, point, or region.
ķ򡢵ص
?
westwardly
adv.ʣ
adj.ݴʣ
westwards
adv.ʣ

= =
wet
wet
AHD:[wt] 
D.J.[wet]
K.K.[wWt]
adj.ݴʣ
wet.ter,wet.test 
Covered or soaked with a liquid, such as water.
ʪģͿ͸Һģˮ
Not yet dry or firm:
δɵġʵģ
wet paint.
δ
Stored or preserved in liquid.
ձģҺ洢򱣴
Used or prepared with water or other liquids.
ˮģˮҺĻˮҺӹ׼
Rainy, humid, or foggy:
ʪģģ
wet weather.
ʪ
Characterized by frequent or heavy precipitation:
ģƵˮΪģ
a wet climate.

Informal Allowing the sale of alcoholic beverages:
ʽ ԾƵģ
a wet county.
ƵĹ
n.ʣ
Something that wets; moisture.
ʪĶʪ
Rainy or snowy weather:
ѩ죺
go out into the wet.
ȥ
Informal One who supports the legality of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages.
ʽ ֧־ƾϵ۵ĺϷλ
wets Chicago French fries served with gravy.
 wets ֥Ӹ硿 ±ը
v.ʣ
wet  wet.ted wet.ting,wets 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make wet; dampen:
ѡŪʪʹʪ
wet a sponge.
պʪһ麣
To make (a bed or one's clothes) wet by urinating.
ʪ˵·
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become wet.
ʪ
?
all wetٵ
Entirely mistaken.
ȫŪ
wet behind the ears
Inexperienced; green.
ĩɵģû
wet (one's) whistleʽ
To take a drink.
Ⱦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English w?t * see  wed- 1
Դ Ӣ w?t *μ wed- 1
?
wet,damp,moist,dank,humid
These adjectives mean covered with or saturated with liquid.
Щݴʵ˼ͿҺ͸Һ塣
 Wet   describes not only what is covered or soaked ( 
 Wet  ǻҺ( 
a wet sidewalk;
ʪе
a wet sponge) but also what is not yet dry ( 
պʪ˵ĺ) ָûȫɣ 
wet paint). 
δɣ 
 Damp   andmoist  both mean slightly wet, butdamp  often implies an unpleasant clamminess:  
 Damp  moist ָʪ damp ָ˲ʪ䣺  
a cold, damp cellar;
䳱ʪ죻
a moist breeze.
һʪ΢硣
Dank   emphasizes disagreeable, often unhealthful wetness: 
Dank  ǿҳк彡ĳʪ 
a dank cave;
ʪĶѨ
dank tropical forests.
ʪȴ֡
Humid   refers to an unpleasantly high degree of moisture in the atmosphere: 
Humid  ָ˲ģ߶ȵĳʪ 
hot, humid weather. 
ֳ 

= =
what
what
AHD:[hw?t, hw?t, w?t, w?t] [hwt, wt] ضʱ 
D.J.[hwKt, hwJt, w%8t, wJt][hw*t, w*t]ضʱ 
K.K.[hw$t, hwJt, w%t, wJt][hw*t, w*t]ضʱ 
pron.ʣ
Which thing or which particular one of many:
ʲôĸеضһ
What are you having for dinner? What did she say?
ʲô?Ҳ˵ʲô?
Which kind, character, or designation:
ʲôʲôԻƣ
What are these objects?
Щʲô?
One of how much value or significance:
ʲôãֵٻҪԶ
What are possessions to a dying man?
յ˵Ʋʲô?
That which; the thing that:
£һ
Listen to what I tell you.
Ҹ˵
Whatever thing that:
ʲô
come what may.
գʲôʲôգ
Informal Something:
ʽ ĳ£
I'll tell you what.
ҽЩʲô
Non-Standard Which, who, or that:
Ǳ׼ 
It's the poor what gets the blame.
ܵ
adj.ݴʣ
Which one or ones of several or many:
ĸЩ
What college are you attending? You should know what musical that song is from.
ʲôѧ?Ӧ֪׸ĲƬ
Whatever:
ʲô
They soon repaired what damage had been done.
Ǻܿ޸ܵһ
How great; how astonishing:
ôģεȵģ
What a fool!
!
adv.ʣ
How much; in what respect; how:
٣ĸ棻
What does it matter?
ʲôϵ?
conj.Ӵʣ
That:
thatʱ˼һ
I don't know but what I'll go.
ֻ֪Ҫȥ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express surprise, incredulity, or other strong and sudden excitement.
ʲô!ڱʾȣŻǿͻȻĽɶ
Chiefly British Used as a tag question, often to solicit agreement.
Ӣ ǲǣ?ʾ䣬Էͬ
?
what forʽ
A scolding or strong reprimand:
𱸻ѵ⣺
The teacher gave the tardy student what for.
ʦʹ˳ٵѧ
what have you
What remains and need not be mentioned:
ȵȣʣµĲҪἰģ
a room full of chairs, lamps, radios, and what have you.
һӣӡơȵȵ
what if
What would occur if; suppose that.
裻ô
What does it matter if.
ʹʲôϵ
what it takes
The necessary expertise or qualities needed for success:
ɹıҪԳɹıҪר֪ʶƷԣ
She has what it takes to be a doctor.
лȡɹıҪ
what's whatʽ
The fundamentals and details of a situation or process; the true state or condition.
ƻ̵ԭϸڣʵ״̬
what with
Taking into consideration; because of:
Ϊڿǵǵڣ
I've often wondered why some good crime writer . . . hasn't taken up with New Orleans, what with its special raffishness, its peculiar flavor of bonhomie and a slightly suspect charm
(Walker Percy)
ǵĴ󵨲еĻյķζԼΪɵʱΪʲôһЩܺõķС˵һûж°¶Ȥ(ֿˡ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hw?t * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hw?t *μ k wo- 
?
Whenwhat  is the subject of a clause, it may be construed as singular or plural, depending on the sense.It is singular when taken as the equivalent ofthat which  or the thing which,   as 
inI see what  seems to be a dead tree;   and it is plural when it is taken as the equivalent ofthose which  or the things which,   as inHe sometimes makes what  seem to be gestures of 
aloofness.  ?  When awhat  clause is itself the subject of a sentence, it may be construed as singular or plural,but the conditions governing this choice are somewhat more 
complicated.In general, awhat  clause will be taken as a plural when the clause contains an explicit indication of its own plurality. There are two principal cases.First, the clause is plural 
ifwhat  is the subject of the clause and the verb of the clause is itself plural: What  seem to be two dead trees  are blocking the road. What most surprise me  are the inflammatory 
remarks at the end of his article.  If the verb in thewhat  clause does not anticipate the plural sense of the predicate in this way, a singular verb is generally used in the main clause as 
well,though the plural is sometimes found:What truly  commands respect  is (sometimes are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy.  Second, thewhat  clause is treated as plural 
when its predicate contains a plural noun phrase that unambiguously establishes the plurality of the clause as a whole, as inWhat traditional grammarians called predicates  are 
called verb phrases by modern linguists. What the Romans established as military outposts were later to become important trading centers.   In the absence of explicit plural 
marking of either of these types in a subjectwhat  clause, the clause is usually treated as singular for the purposes of agreement, regardless of the sense:What she held in her lap  was 
four kittens. What the apparent diamonds turned out to be was paste.  In some cases, however, a clause withwhat  as the subject may be treated as singular or plural, depending on a 
subtle distinction of sense. InWhat  excite him most  are money and power,  the implication is that money and power are distinct elements; inWhat  excites him most  is money and 
power,   the implication is that money and power are taken as constituting a single entity.See Usage Note at which 
what ΪӾеʱ ȿɱҲΪȡڴ塣that which  the thing which ʱǵ I see what seems to be a dead tree
壩 仰У those which  the things which ĶӦʱǸ He sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofnessʱ
һЩƺܳȻƣ С what Ӿ䱾Ǿӵʱ ɱѡΪЩ˵what Ӿĺжȷָʾʱ
ͿԽ Ҫȣwhat ǴӾôӾνﶯʱǸӾǸ What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the 
road.嵲· What mostsurprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article.ҳԾ½βɿԴʣ  what Ӿ
νﶯʲԤʾνǸ ͨҲõʣʱҲԷиWhat truly commands respect isʱ are )  a large navy and a resolute foreign policy
𾴵ǿĺͼᶨ⽻ߣ  what ӾνﺬиʶԿɽӾĸʱǱģ What traditional 
grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists.Щͳ﷨Ϊνִѧҳʶ What the Romans 
established as military outpostswere later to become important trading centers.ЩΪǰڻصĵطΪҪóģ  what Ӿȱ
ȷʾԵıʱ ӾͨΪһԶ˼رWhat she held in her lap was four kittens.ϥϵֻСè What the apparent diamonds 
turned out to bewas paste.Щȥʯȴ챦ʯ  ȻһЩ£what ĴӾɱȡ΢Ĳ졣 What excite 
him most are money and power˷ܵǽǮȨ 仰аŽǮȨǲͬĳɷ֣ What excites him most is money and power˷ܵǽǮ
Ȩ  仰аŽǮȨΪһһĳɷֲμ which

= =
whatever
what.ev.er
AHD:[hw?t-vr, hw?t-, w?t-, w?t-] 
D.J.[hwKt6ev*, hwJt-, wKt-, wJt-]
K.K.[hw$t6Wv+, hwJt-, w$t-, wJt-]
pron.ʣ
Everything or anything that:
ʲôκζһ
Do whatever you please.
ϲʲôʲô
What amount that; the whole of what:
ܶ٣壺
Whatever is left over is yours.
ʣеĶ
No matter what:
ʲô
Whatever happens, we'll meet here tonight.
ܷʲô飬ǽͷ
Also what ever Informal Which thing or things; what:
 Ҳ what ever ʽ ʲô
Whatever does he mean?
ʲô˼?
adj.ݴʣ
Of any number or kind; any:
κεģκĿģκεģ
Whatever requests you make will be granted.
κ󶼻õ
All of; the whole of:
еģǡȫģ
She applied whatever strength she had left to the task.
ʣµľõ
Of any kind at all:
˿ģģ
No campers whatever may use the lake before noon.
ʲôӪ߶ǰʹ
?
Bothwhatever  and what ever  can be used in sentences such as Whatever  (or What ever ) made her say that?   Critics have occasionally objected to the one-word form,but it is 
supported by extensive precedent in reputable writing.The same is true of the formswhoever, whenever, wherever,  and however  when these expressions are used similarly. In 
adjectival uses only the one-word form is used:Take whatever  (not what ever ) books you need.  ? When a clause beginning withwhatever  is the subject of a sentence, no comma 
should be used: Whatever you do is right.   Otherwise, a comma may be used:Whatever you do, don't burn the toast.  ?  When the phrase preceding a restrictive clause is introduced 
bywhichever  or whatever, that should not be used in formal writing. It is regarded as incorrect to writewhatever book that you want to look at;   one should write insteadWhatever book 
you want to look at will be sent to your office  or Whichever book costs less  (not that costs less ) is fine with us.  See Usage Note at however ,that 
whatever  what ever ʶ Whatever  What ever ) made her say that?ʲôʹ˵Ļ? ľ ǾԵһΣ
ƷĴȴ֧˵ʽͬأwhoever, whenever, wherever  however ЩʱҲˡ ʱֻõʽTake 
whatever  what ever  books you needЩҪ飩  whatever Ϊ׵ĴӾʱöţ Whatever you do is rightʲôǶԵģ  
öţWhatever you do, don't burn the toastʲôҪ˾  ? һ޶ԴӾĶwhichever  whateverʱ that
ʽС ľӣwhatever book that you want to look atı뿴飩 Ǳȷģ ෴ӦWhatever book you want to look at will be sent to your office
뿴κһ鶼͵İ칫ȥ  Whichever book costs less  that costs less ) is fine with usһЩȽʺǣ  μ however,that

= =
wheat
wheat
AHD:[hw?t, w?t] 
D.J.[hwi8t, wi8t]
K.K.[hwit, wit]
n.ʣ
Any of various annual cereal grasses of the genusTriticum  of the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia, especially T. aestivum,  widely cultivated in temperate regions in many 
varieties for its commercially important edible grain. 
СһһһḺֲ́С󣨺ֲ̱ ڵкǣָ ļС 㷺ֲº͵شƷַ࣬ʳԹҪҵֵ 
The grain of any of these grasses, ground to produce flour used in breadstuffs and pasta.
ۣκֲ̱Ĺĥԭϼ۵
?
Middle English whete 
йӢ whete 
from Old English hw?e * see  kweit- 
Դ Ӣ hw?e *μ kweit- 

= =
wheel
wheel
AHD:[hw?l, w?l] 
D.J.[hwi8l, wi8l]
K.K.[hwil, wil]
n.ʣ
A solid disk or a rigid circular ring connected by spokes to a hub, designed to turn around an axle passed through the center.
ӣɷ֮ϵʵԲ̻ӲԲΧƴĵת
Something resembling such a disk or ring in appearance or movement or having a wheel as its principal part or characteristic, as:
״Բ̻ԲĶһΪҪĲԣ磺
The steering device on a vehicle.
̣ʻ
A potter's wheel.

A water wheel.
ˮ
A spinning wheel.
ĳ
Games A device used in roulette and other games of chance.
Ϸ ̣ڶĲƱȿϷеһʩ
A firework that rotates while burning.
ת̻һȼʱת̻
Informal A bicycle.
ʽ г
An instrument to which a victim was bound for torture during the Middle Ages.
ʽ̳ʱ߸̵ܿһװ
wheels Forces that provide energy, movement, or direction:
 wheels ṩ˶Ķ
the wheels of commerce.
ҵ
The act or process of turning; revolution or rotation.
תתж̣
A military maneuver executed in order to change the direction of movement of a formation, as of troops or ships, in which the formation is maintained while the outer unit describes an 
arc and the inner or center unit remains stationary as a pivot.
˶Ϊ˸ıΣ粿ӻ򺽴˶ʵʩľµڴ˵ֶӻһζڲķֶӱ־ֹΪӶγɵĶ
wheels Slang A motor vehicle or access thereto:
 wheels ٵ 
Do you have wheels tonight?
г?
Slang A person with a great deal of power or influence:
ٵ ƴȨˣдȨй㷺Ӱˣ
thinks he's a wheel because he works in the state government.
ڹйΪȨ
v.ʣ
wheeled,wheel.ing,wheels 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To roll, move, or transport on wheels or a wheel.
ӹת
To cause to turn around or as if around a central axis; revolve or rotate.
תʹʹ·һתת
To provide with wheels or a wheel.
װ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To turn around or as if around a central axis; revolve or rotate.
תΧƻ·Χһתת
To roll or move on or as if on wheels or a wheel.
ڻ·Ϲƶ
To fly in a curving or circular course:
ۻԲ·߷У
A flock of gulls wheeled just above the dock.
һȺŸڼװϷ
To turn or whirl around in place; pivot:
תԭתתԡΪת
The boy wheeled and the fried eggs leaped from his tray(Ivan Gold)
кԭת弦˳ȥ()
To reverse one's opinion or practice:
ıж
One can never tell when she'll wheel about on that subject.
ԶûжϳʲôʱǸϸı
?
at the wheel 
behind the wheel
Operating the steering mechanism of a vehicle; driving.
ڼʻݻĻеװãڼʻ
Directing or controlling; in charge.
ָƣƹ
wheel and dealʽ
To engage in the advancement of one's own interests, especially in a canny, aggressive, or unscrupulous way.
רУΪԼıȡ棬ǲýթƺö޼ɵķʽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hw?l * see  k wel- 1
Դ Ӣ hw?l *μ k wel- 1

= =
when
when
AHD:[hwn, wn] 
D.J.[hwen, wen]
K.K.[hwWn, wWn]
adv.ʣ
At what time:
ʲôʱ
When will we leave?
ʲôʱ뿪?
conj.Ӵʣ
At the time that:
ڡʱ
in the spring, when the snow melts.
ڴ죬ѩڻʱ
As soon as:
һ͡
I'll call you when I get there.
һ͸绰
Whenever:
ʲôʱ
When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.
ֻҪһž֨
During the time at which; while:
ڡڼ䣬ʱ
When I was young, I was sick all the time.
Сʱ
Whereas; although:
Ȼܣ
She stopped short when she ought to have continued.
ӦüȥȴͻȻͣס
Considering that; if:
ǵ
How can he get good grades when he won't study?
ùĻôø߷?
pron.ʣ
What or which time:
ʲôʱ
Since when has this been going on?
ʲôʱ?
n.ʣ
The time or date:
ʱڣ
Have they decided the where and when?
Ѿصʱ?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwenne * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hwenne *μ k wo- 
?
In informal stylewhen  is often used after be  in definitions: A dilemma is when you don't know which way to turn.   The construction is useful,but it is widely regarded as incorrect or as 
unsuitable for formal discourse.In formal style there is no alternative but to rephrase such definitions to avoidis when : A dilemma is a situation in which you don't know which way to 
turn. You are in a dilemma when you don't know which way to turn. 
ڷʽwhen ڶ be 棺 Ѿǵ㲻֪·ʱ  ṹõģ㷺Ϊʽ̸˵ǲȷĻǲʵġ
ʽûʣֻܸıԱis when  Ѿһ㲻֪ôĴ 㲻֪ʲôʱʹڽѵά 

= =
whenever
when.ev.er
AHD:[hwn-vr, wn-] 
D.J.[hwen6ev*, wen-]
K.K.[hwWn6Wv+, wWn-]
adv.ʣ
At whatever time.
ʱ
Also when ever When.See Usage Note at whatever 
 Ҳ when ever ۺʱμ whatever
conj.Ӵʣ
At whatever time that:
ʲôʱ򣺵ʱ
We can leave whenever you're ready.
ʲôʱ׼ǾͿԶ
Every time that:
ÿ
The child smiles whenever the puppy appears.
ÿСһ¶⺢ӱЦ

= =
where
where
AHD:[hwar, war] 
D.J.[hwe*, we*]
K.K.[hwWr, wWr]
adv.ʣ
At or in what place:
ڡط
Where is the telephone?
绰Ķ?
In what situation or position:
ĳƻλã
Where would we be without your help?
İǽᴦںεȾ?
From what place or source:
Ӻδ
Where did you get this idea?
Ū?
To what place; toward what end:
ʲôĿģ
Where is this argument leading?
ⳡ۽ʲô?
conj.Ӵʣ
At what or which place:

She moved to the city, where jobs are available.
ᵽ˳﹤
In a place in which:
ڡط
He lives where the climate is mild.
סһůĵط
In any place or situation in which; wherever:
ʲôطں
Where there's smoke, there's fire.
̣л
To a place in which:
ط
We should go where it is quieter.
ӦõЩĵطȥ
To a place or situation in which:
ط򡭵ĵزƣ
They will go where they are happy.
뵽ǿֵĵطȥ
n.ʣ
The place or occasion:
ط
We know the when but not the where of it.
֪ʱȴ֪ص
What place, source, or cause:
δʲôԴʲôԭ
Where are you from?
?
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hw?r * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hw?r *μ k wo- 
?
Whenwhere  is used to refer to a point of origin, the prepositionfrom  is required: Where did she come from?   When it is used to refer to a point of destination,the prepositionto  is 
generally superfluous: Where is she going?  ( preferable toWhere is she going to? ). When it is used to refer to the place at which an event or a situation is located,the use ofat  is 
widely regarded as regional or colloquial: Where is the station?  (not Where is the station at? ). The idiomatic phrasewhere it's at,  widely used in the 1960's to refer to the current 
state of things, is now largely pass?, except when used for stylistic effect: 
where ָԴʱ from Ҫϣ ?  ָĿĵʱto ͨǶģ Ҫȥ? ( Ҫȥ? ȡ ָ
¼ĳϻһ־ĵطʱʹat 򱻹㷺ǵԵĻﻯģ վ?  վλʲôط? ) where it's at 2060
㷺ָĵǰ״̬Ѻ̶ܴϹʱˣ ǵǿЧ 
Generally, I knew where he was at, but couldn't always tell where he was coming from  (Robert M. Adams).See Usage Note at why 
 ͨ˵֪ʲôطȴ˵  ޲ءMǵ˹μ why

= =
whereas
where.as
AHD:[hwar-2z, war-] 
D.J.[hwe*r6#z, we*r-]
K.K.[hwWr6#z, wWr-]
conj.Ӵʣ
It being the fact that; inasmuch as.
мڣڡʵ
While at the same time.
ͬʱ
While on the contrary.
Ȼǣ෴
n.ʣ
An introductory statement to a formal document; a preamble.
ڡʽļĽԳ
A conditional statement.
Գ

= =
whereby
where.by
AHD:[hwar-bo, war-] 
D.J.[hwe*6ba!, we*r-]
K.K.[hwWr6ba!, wWr-]
conj.Ӵʣ
In accordance with which; by or through which.
롭һ£ͨ

= =
wherever
wher.ev.er
AHD:[hwar-vr, war-] 
D.J.[hwe*r6ev*, we*r-]
K.K.[hwWr6Wv+, wWr-]
adv.ʣ
In or to whatever place:
ʲôطȥʲôط
used red pencil wherever needed.
Ҫ֮ϺǦ
Also where ever Where:
 Ҳ where ever 
Where ever have you been so long?See Usage Note at whatever 
㾿Ķôʱ?μ whatever
conj.Ӵʣ
In or to whichever place or situation:
ʲôط۴ںƣ
He seems to make enemies wherever he goes.
ȥߵĶ˾Ķ

= =
whether
wheth.er
AHD:[hwYr, wY-] 
D.J.[6hweH*, 6weH-]
K.K.[6hwWH+, 6wWH-]
conj.Ӵʣ
Used in indirect questions to introduce one alternative:
ǲǣǷڼһѡ
We should find out whether the museum is open.See Usage Note at doubt ,if 
ǸòǲǿŲμ doubt,if
Used to introduce alternative possibilities:
ѡĿԣ
Whether she wins or whether she loses, this is her last tournament.
Ӯ䣬һν
Either:
ҪôҪôǡǣ
He passed the test, whether by skill or luck.
ͨ˿ԣǿǿ
pron.Archaic ʣ 
Which:
һ
We came in full View of a great Island or Continent, (for we knew not whether)(Jonathan Swift)
ǳؿһһ޴½أΪǲ֪ܴһ(ɭ˹)
?
whether or no
Regardless of circumstances.
κ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwether * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hwether *μ k wo- 

= =
which
which
AHD:[hw1ch, w1ch] 
D.J.[hw!t., w!t.]
K.K.[hw!t., w!t.]
pron.ʣ
What particular one or ones:
һһЩضһЩ
Which of these is yours?
Щĸ?
The one or ones previously mentioned or implied, specifically:
һһЩǰᵽĻָǸЩǣ
Used as a relative pronoun in a clause that provides additional information about the antecedent:
ڴӾϵΪдṩ⸽Ϣ
my house, which is small and old.
ҵķӣС־
Used as a relative pronoun preceded bythat  or a preposition in a clause that defines or restricts the antecedent: 
ǰthat һʵĴӾϵʣӾԸд¶ƣ 
that which he needed; the subject on which she spoke.
Ҫģ̸Ļ
Used instead ofthat  as a relative pronoun in a clause that defines or restricts the antecedent: 
ȡthat ڴӾϵʣôӾƻд¶壺 
The movie which was shown later was better.
ӳĵӰϺÿ
Any of the things, events, or people designated or implied; whichever:
һһ涨ʾ¡顢ˣһ
Choose which you like best.
ѡϲ
A thing or circumstance that:
飬
He left early, which was wise.
뿪Ǻǵ
adj.ݴʣ
What particular one or ones of a number of things or people:
ǸһĿ˻ضһһЩ
Which part of town do you mean?
˵ĸ?
Any one or any number of; whichever:
һһЩĸ
Use which door you please.
ĸ
Being the one or ones previously mentioned or implied:
ǸǰἰָǸ
It started to rain, at which point we ran.
쿪ʼʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwilc * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hwilc *μ k wo- 
?
The antecedent ofwhich  can sometimes be a sentence or clause, as opposed to a noun phrase,as inShe ignored him, which proved to be unwise. They swept the council 
elections,which could never have happened under the old rules.  Such examples are unexceptionable,but care should be taken that this usage does not cause ambiguities.The 
sentenceIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybody  may mean either that the complaint was surprising or that it was surprising that Edna made it. The 
ambiguity can be avoided with paraphrases such asIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody.  ?  In its use to refer to the contents of sentences 
and clauses,which  should be used only when it is preceded by its antecedent. When the antecedent follows,what  should be used, particularly in formal style: Still, he has not said he 
will withdraw, which is more surprising  but Still, what  (not which ) is more surprising, he has not said he will withdraw.  See Usage Note at that ,what ,whose 
which дʱΪһӻһӾ䣬 ʶھ֤ǲǵġ ίԱѡһٻʤھԶᷢ
 иɻģӦСĽʹ÷ģɡIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybodyȷʹÿ
ܳԾԹԣ ȿָԹ˳ԾҲָԹǰȶ˳Ծ It emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody.ȴ
ԹⷢôҶܳԾ ľӾͿԱģɡ ָӻӾʱwhich ֻдǰʱ дʸںʱӦwhat ر
ʽУ Still, he has not said he will withdraw, which is more surprisingȻû˵˳˳Ծ һʽ Still, what  which ) is more 
surprising, he has not said he will withdraw.Ȼ˳Ծû˵˳  μ that,what,whose

= =
whichever
which.ev.er
AHD:[hw1ch-vr, w1ch-] 
D.J.[hw!t.6ev*, w!t.-]
K.K.[hw!t.6Wv+, w!t.-]
pron.ʣ
Whatever one or ones.
ĸЩ
adj.ݴʣ
Being any one or any number of a group:
һȺһһЩ
Read whichever books you please. It's a long trip whichever road you take.See Usage Note at whatever 
Щ顣·Ǹ;вμ whatever

= =
while
while
AHD:[hwol, wol] 
D.J.[hwa!l, wa!l]
K.K.[hwa!l, wa!l]
n.ʣ
A period of time:
һʱ䣺
stay for a while; sang all the while.See Usage Note at awhile 
ͣ»һֱڳμ awhile
The time, effort, or trouble taken in doing something:
ʱһĻʱ䡢Ŭ򹤷
The project wasn't worth my while.
ֵһ
conj.Ӵʣ
As long as; during the time that:
ֻҪڡʱ
It was lovely while it lasted.
ŵʱǺϲ
At the same time that; although:
ڡͬʱܣȻ
While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
Ȼ游ĸǶǵĺӣȴҪϸ
Whereas; and:
Ȼң
The soles are leather, while the uppers are canvas.
ЬƤģЬǷģ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
whiled,whil.ing,whiles 
To spend (time) idly or pleasantly:
ĥɢɵĥʱ䣺
while the hours away.
ĥʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwol * see  k wei- 
Դ Ӣ hwol *μ k wei- 

= =
whilst
whilst
AHD:[hwolst, wolst] 
D.J.[hwa!lst, wa!lst]
K.K.[hwa!lst, wa!lst]
conj.Chiefly British ӴʣӢ 
While.
ʱ
?
Middle English whilest 
йӢ whilest 
alteration of whiles [whiles] * see  whiles 
 whilesı仯 [ʱ] *μ whiles

= =
whip
whip
AHD:[hw1p, w1p] 
D.J.[hw!p, w!p]
K.K.[hw!p, w!p]
v.ʣ
whipped  whipt [hw1pt, w1pt] whip.ping,whips 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To strike with repeated strokes, as with a strap or rod; lash.
ظسƤӣ
To punish or chastise by repeated striking with a strap or rod; flog.
׳Ƥͷͽ䣻޴
To afflict, castigate, or reprove severely:
ĥ𱸣
For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
ֻף綼òñ㡱(ֶࡤĬɭ)
To drive, force, or compel by flogging, lashing, or other means.
ʹͨסʽʹʹǿ
To strike or affect in a manner similar to whipping or lashing:
ƱӰ̢ƵķʽӰ죺
Icy winds whipped my face.
ķҵ
To beat (cream or eggs, for example) into a froth or foam.
ѡĭͻ򼦵ĭ״
Informal To snatch, pull, or remove in a sudden manner:
ʽ ͻȻƶһ͵ضߡק߻ƶ
He whipped off his cap.
һѳñ
To sew with a loose overcast or overhand stitch.
ߣɵİߵĻƽʽ.
To wrap or bind (a rope, for example) with twine to prevent unraveling or fraying.
죺Ϊֹ߻ĥë߶ϸƣһ
Nautical To hoist by means of a rope passing through an overhead pulley.
 קֱͨϵĻֵӽ
Informal To defeat; outdo:
ʽ ʤܣ
Our team can whip your team.
ǶܻǶ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in a sudden, quick manner; dart.
ͻȻ͵ƶͳ
To move in a manner similar to a whip; thrash or snap about:
޴Ƶķʽƶ޴ͻȻžવ죺
Branches whipped against the windows.
֦ȰȵôŴ
n.ʣ
An instrument, either a flexible rod or a flexible thong or lash attached to a handle, used for driving animals or administering corporal punishment.
ӣһþߣһеԵĹǵԺõϵһֱƤ϶ͷ
A whipping or lashing motion or stroke; a whiplash.
޴򣺳򣬱޴Ķһ顢һӣ޴
A blow, wound, or cut made by or as if by whipping.
ˣ޺ۣɱ׻·ɱɵĴ˿ڻп
Something, such as a long radio antenna on a motor vehicle, that is similar to a whip in form or flexibility.
״ʽƵĶϳߵ
Sports Flexibility, as in the shaft of a golf club.
˶ ԣԣԣױԣ߶ı
Sports A whipper-in.
˶ һ
A member of a legislative body, such as the U.S. Congress or the British Parliament, charged by his or her party with enforcing party discipline and ensuring attendance.
֯飺һԱӢԺóԱƣǿִеͼشٵʵ
A call issued to party members in a lawmaking body to ensure attendance at a particular time.
֯鷢Ա֪ͨдԱһضʱ䱣֤ʵ֪ͨ
A dessert made of sugar and stiffly beaten egg whites or cream, often with fruit or fruit flavoring:
ˮģһǡĵ׻Ƴɵĳˮˮζģ
prune whip.

An arm on a windmill.
糵
Nautical A hoist consisting of a single rope passing through an overhead pulley.
 СֵһĴ߿ջֵɵĵװ
A ride in an amusement park, consisting of small cars that move in a rapid, whipping motion along an oval track.
ֳ֣гģһһԲι켣˶Ŀ١ͻתС
?
whip in
To keep together, as members of a political party or hounds in a pack.
ټʹۼһԱһȺԹ
whip up
To arouse; excite:
𣺼ɿ
whipped up the mob; whip up enthusiasm.
ɿ񣻼
Informal To prepare quickly:
ʽ Ѹ׼ã
whip up a light lunch.
Ѹһ
?
whip into shapeʽ
To bring to a specified state or condition, vigorously and often forcefully.
ʹĳض״̬ǿҳñʹĳض״̬
?
Middle English wippen, whippen * see  weip- 
йӢ wippen, whippen *μ weip- 
?
whipper
n.ʣ

= =
whirl
whirl
AHD:[hw?rl, w?rl] 
D.J.[hwT8l, wT8l]
K.K.[hwPl, wPl]
v.ʣ
whirled,whirl.ing,whirls 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To revolve rapidly about a center or an axis.See Synonyms at turn 
תһĻתμ turn
To rotate or spin rapidly:
תת
The dancer whirled across the stage.
赸ߴ̨
To turn rapidly, changing direction; wheel:
ѸתͻȻת򣻵ת
She whirled around to face him.
͵ת
To have the sensation of spinning; reel:
ѣΣһƬң
My head is whirling with data.
ҵĴݳһƬ
To move circularly and rapidly in varied, random directions:
ڸⷽѸҳԲԵ˶
The wind whirled across the steppes.
̨
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to rotate or turn rapidly:
ʹתʹѸתת
whirl a baton.

To move or drive in a circular or curving course.
ʹʹԲܻ·˶ʻ
To drive at high speed:
ټʻ
whirled the motorcycle around the corner.
ĦгƹֽǶȥ
Obsolete To hurl.
 Ͷ
n.ʣ
The act of rotating or revolving rapidly.
תĶ
Something, such as a cloud of dust, that whirls or is whirled.
תתĻת壬һŻҳ
A state of confusion; tumult.
״̬ѣΣɧ
A swift succession or round of events:
ĻһͻȻ飬£
the social whirl.
Ƶ罻
A state of mental confusion or giddiness; dizziness:
ͷԻҵ״̬ͷĿѣ
My head is in a whirl.
ͷ
Informal A short trip or ride.
ʽ ;лﳵ
Informal A brief or experimental try:
ʽ СԣԵĳԣ
Let's give the plan a whirl.
ǳһƻ
?
Middle English whirlen 
йӢ whirlen 
probably from Old Norse hvirfla 
Դ ˹ά hvirfla 
?
whirler
n.ʣ

= =
whisky
whis.ky
AHD:[hw1sk?, w1s-] 
D.J.[6hw!ski8, 6w!s-]
K.K.[6hw!ski, 6w!s-]
n.ʣ
Variant of whiskey 
 whiskeyı

= =
whisper
whis.per
AHD:[hw1spr, w1s-] 
D.J.[6hw!sp*, 6w!s-]
K.K.[6hw!sp+, 6w!s-]
n.ʣ
Soft speech produced without full voice.
ѹɤ˵
Something uttered very softly.
ϸǳ˵Ļ
A secretly or surreptitiously expressed belief, rumor, or hint:
˽ܻ˽ĿҥԻʾ
whispers of scandal.
ڳŵ˽
A low rustling sound:
͵͵
the whisper of wind in the pines.
紵ּ
v.ʣ
whis.pered,whis.per.ing,whis.pers 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To speak softly.
˵
To speak quietly and privately, as by way of gossip, slander, or intrigue.
˽ܵؼ˽˵ͨ˵л̰ıķʽ
To make a soft rustling sound.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter very softly.

To say or tell privately or secretly.
˽˽ܵ˵
?
From Middle English whisperen [to whisper] 
Դ йӢ whisperen [˵Ļ] 
from Old English hwisprian 
Դ Ӣ hwisprian 
?
whisperer
n.ʣ
whispery
adj.ݴʣ

= =
whistle
whis.tle
AHD:[hw1sl, w1s-] 
D.J.[6hw!s*l, 6w!s-]
K.K.[6hw!s*l, 6w!s-]
v.ʣ
whis.tled,whis.tling,whis.tles 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To produce a clear musical sound by forcing air through the teeth or through an aperture formed by pursing the lips.
ڣͨʹݼ϶򴩹γɵС϶
To produce a clear, shrill, sharp musical sound by blowing on or through a device.
ӣѣͨͨĳװö̶
To produce a high-pitched sound when moving swiftly through the air:
ХѸٴƶʱļ
The stone whistled past my head.
ʯͷХŴͷ
To produce a high-pitched sound by the rapid movement of air through an opening or past an obstruction:
Хڿͨһڻ򾭹һϰʱ
Wind whistled through the cracks in the windows.
Ӵѷкع
To emit a shrill, sharp, high-pitched cry, as some birds and other animals.
̶񡢸ĺУһЩĶ
To summon by whistling.
ٻ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To produce by whistling:
ɴڶ
whistle a tune.
һ
To summon, signal, or direct by whistling.
ٻ
To cause to move with a whistling noise.
ɴڶźŻָʹж
n.ʣ
A small wind instrument for making whistling sounds by means of the breath.
ڣӣһֺСĴͨ
A device for making whistling sounds by means of forced air or steam:
ѣһѹװã
a factory whistle.

A sound produced by a whistling device or by whistling through the lips.
 װûӴ䴵ڶ
A whistling sound, as of an animal or a projectile.
綯
The act of whistling.
ڣڻӵΪ
A whistling sound used to summon or command.
ٻٻ򷢲
?
blow the whistleٵ
To expose a wrongdoing in the hope of bringing it to a halt:
ҷʹΥΪֹϣ淢
an attorney who blew the whistle on governmental corruption.
һҷܵʦ
whistle in the dark
To attempt to keep one's courage up.
Լ׳ͼĳ˵
?
Middle English whistlen 
йӢ whistlen 
from Old English hwistlian 
Դ Ӣ hwistlian 

= =
white
white
AHD:[hwot, wot] 
D.J.[hwa!t, wa!t]
K.K.[hwa!t, wa!t]
n.Abbr. wh.ʣд wh.
Color The achromatic color of maximum lightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths; the complement or antagonist of black, the other extreme of 
the neutral gray series. Although typically a response to maximum stimulation of the retina, the perception of white appears always to depend on contrast.
ɫʡ ɫһɫܷ伸ۿɼвߵɫɫĻɫԿɫԻɫϵеһּɫܰɫͨǶĤ
޶ȴ̼ķӦǶĸ֪ȴԵڶԱ
The white or nearly white part, as:
ɫ֣ɫĻ򼸺ǰɫĲ֣磺
The albumen of an egg.

The white part of an eyeball.
۰ףİɫ
A blank unprinted area, as of an advertisement.
հ״հδӡֵϵĿհײ
One that is white or nearly white, as:
ɫƷɫĻ򼸺ǰɫƷ磺
whites White trousers or a white outfit of a special nature:
 whites ·ɫĳضר͵İɫȫ׷װ
tennis whites.
ɫ
whites The white dress uniform of the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard.
 whites ɫŮ򺣰ӵİɫŮ
A white wine.
Ѿ
A white pigment.
Ϳ
A white breed, species, or variety of animal.
ˣɫˡ˻еİɫ
Also White A member of a racial group of people having light skin coloration, especially one of European origin.See Usage Note at black 
 Ҳ White ˣһȺĳԱӵǳɫָŷѪԵ˲μ black
Often whites Products of a white color, such as flour, salt, and sugar.
  whites ɫƷۡκ
Games 
Ϸ 
The white or light-colored pieces, as in chess.
׷ɫǳɫӣ
The player using these pieces.
ִߣ߰ӵ
The outermost ring of an archery target.
׻ΧĲ
A hit in this ring.
аеİɫ
whites Pathology Leukorrhea.
 whites ѧ ״
A politically ultraconservative or reactionary person.
˱ߣ˱طӻ򷴸
adj.ݴʣ
whit.er,whit.est д wh.
Being of the color white; devoid of hue, as new snow.
ɫģɫģѩ
Approaching the color white, as:
ӽɫģ磺
Weakly colored; almost colorless; pale:
ɫʺģɫģ԰׵ģ
white wine.
Ѿ
Pale gray; silvery and lustrous:
Ұɫģɫйģ
white hair.
ɫͷ
Bloodless; blanched.
ѪɫģƯ˵
Light or whitish in color or having light or whitish parts. Used with animal and plant names.
аɫλģɫϵĻ򷢰׵ģеɫɫĲ֣ڶֲ
Also White Of, relating to, or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration, especially one of European origin:
 Ҳ White ˵ģ˵ģصģӵǳɫȺָŷѪԵ˵ģ
voting patterns within the white population.
ڲѡٷʽ
Not written or printed on; blank.
ûдֵģûдӡֵģհ׵
Unsullied; pure.
ģྻδȾģģ
Habited in white:
Űɫ·ģ
white nuns.
Ů
Accompanied by or mantled with snow:
ѩģѩģѩģ
a white Christmas.
ѩʥ
Incandescent:
׳ģȵģ
white flames.
ȵĻ
Intensely heated; impassioned:
ȵģģ
white with fury.
ŭ
Ultraconservative or reactionary.
˱صģ
With milk added. Used of tea or coffee.
̵ģɫģ̵ģָ򿧷
v.tr.ﶯʣ
whit.ed,whit.ing,whites 
Printing To create or leave blank spaces in (printed or illustrated matter). Often used without.  
ӡˢ հ״ӡˢͼհ״out  
Archaic 
 
To whiten; whitewash.
ʹףˢ
To blanch.
Ư
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwot * see  kweit- 
Դ Ӣ hwot *μ kweit- 
?
whiteness
n.ʣ
?
White
WhiteAndrew Dickson (1832-1918)
NONE޴ԣ
American educator and diplomat who founded Cornell University with Ezra Cornell and was its first president (1868-1885). He also served as U.S. ambassador to Germany (1897-1902).
أ³Ͽɭ(1832-1918) ѧҺ⽻٣밣ζһ𴴽˿ζѧεһУ(1868-1885꣩Ҳιפ¹ʹְ(1897
-1902꣩
?
White
WhiteByron Raymond (Born 1917)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who was appointed an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1962.
أסɵ£( 1917) ٣1962걻Ϊ߷Ժ󷨹
?
White
WhiteEdward Douglass (1845-1921)
NONE޴ԣ
American jurist who served as an associate justice (1894-1910) and the chief justice (1910-1921) of the U.S. Supreme Court.
أ»˹(1845-1921) ٣1894-1910󷨹٣1910-1921߷Ժϯ
?
White
WhiteE(lwyn) B(rooks) (1899-1985)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer and humorist who contributed essays, editorials, and parodies to theNew Yorker.  He also wrote children's books, including Charlotte's Web  (1952), and revised a 1918 
writing manual, The Elements of Style  (1959). 
أ£³˹(1899-1985) ҼĬңŦԼˡ ־׫дɢġۼڶгģģͬʱҲдͯƷ ص 
1952꣩޸һ1918дֲ Ҫء 1959꣩ 
?
White
WhiteGilbert (1720-1793)
NONE޴ԣ
British naturalist known for his classic work of ornithology,Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne  (1789). 
أأ(1720-1793) Ӣѧңѧľ־ż 1789꣩ 
?
White
WhiteJohn (Died 1593?)
NONE޴ԣ
English painter and cartographer who traveled to Roanoke Island as a member of Sir Walter Raleigh's colonizing expedition (1585-1586) and executed paintings of native inhabitants 
and local flora and fauna.
أԼ( 1593?) ӢҼͼԱΪֶءʿֳԶһԱ(1585꣭1586꣩޶ŵƳɵ񼰵ֲȺͶ
Ⱥͼ
?
White
WhitePatrick (1912-1990)
NONE޴ԣ
Australian writer whose powerfully descriptive and original novels includeThe Tree of Man  (1955) and Voss  (1957). He won the 1973 Nobel Prize for literature. 
أˣ(1912-1990) ĴңǿؾԼԵС˵֮ 1955꣩ ˹ 1957꣩1973ŵѧ 
?
White
WhiteStanford (1853-1906)
NONE޴ԣ
American architect. A member of the prominent architectural firm McKim, Mead & White, he was particularly known for his interior designs and his ornate, eclectic buildings.
أ˹̹(1853-1906) ʦĽ˾׵¼صһԱڻڲƼװλġղĽ
?
White
WhiteT(erence) H(anbury) (1906-1964)
NONE޴ԣ
British writer best known for the novelThe Once and Future King  (1958), a retelling of the Arthurian legend. 
أ̩˹(1906-1964) ӢңС˵ȥͽĹ 1958꣩ΪС˵Ƕɪĸ 
?
White
WhiteT(heodore) H(arold) (1915-1986)
NONE޴ԣ
American political journalist noted for his commentaries on presidential elections, includingThe Making of the President 1960  (1961). 
أᣨ¶޵£(1915-1986) żߣͳѡ۶۰ͳĲ-1960 1961꣩ 
?
White
WhiteWalter Francis (1893-1955)
NONE޴ԣ
American writer. The secretary of the NAACP (1931-1955), he wrote novels with racial themes, such asRising Wind  (1945). 
أֶء˹(1893-1955) ңȫɫЭ(1931-1955꣩׫дС˵硶է 1945꣩ 
?
White
WhiteWilliam Allen (1868-1944)
NONE޴ԣ
American newspaper editor and writer noted for his politically influential editorials and for his autobiography (1946).
أף(1868-1944) ֽ༭ңӰۺԴ(1946꣩

= =
whitewash
white.wash
AHD:[hwotw?sh, -w?sh, wot-] 
D.J.[6hwa!t7wK., -7w%8., 6wa!t-]
K.K.[6hwa!t7w$., -7w%., 6wa!t-]
n.ʣ
A mixture of lime and water, often with whiting, size, or glue added, that is used to whiten walls, fences, or other structures.
ʯˮͿϣʯҺˮĻͨаѷۡˮڷˢǽʻ
Concealment or palliation of flaws or failures.
Σڸǣȱʧܵغ
Sports Games A defeat in a game in which the loser scores no points.
˶ Ϸ ֵĲҰܣϷаֵܷĲҰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
white.washed,white.wash.ing,white.wash.es 
To paint or coat with or as if with whitewash.
ʯˮˢͿĨ
To conceal or gloss over (wrongdoing, for example).See Synonyms at palliate 
ڸǻΣȣμ palliate
?
whitewasher
n.ʣ

= =
who
who
AHD:[h?] 
D.J.[hu8]
K.K.[hu]
pron.ʣ
What or which person or persons:
˭ʲôˡĸ˻Щˣ
Who left?
˭뿪?
Used as a relative pronoun to introduce a clause when the antecedent is a person or persons or one to whom personality is attributed:
˭дһ˻ǱݵһʱϵӾ䣺
the visitor who came yesterday; our child, who is gifted; informed sources who denied the story.
ݷõǸˣ츳ĺӣЩŵµԴ
The person or persons that; whoever:
˭˻ǣʲôˣ
Who believes that will believe anything.
Ǹ˻κ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hw3} * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hw3} *μ k wo- 
?
The traditional rules that determine the use ofwho  and whom  are relatively simple: who  is used for a grammatical subject, where a nominative pronoun such as I  or he  would be 
appropriate, andwhom  is used elsewhere. Thus, we writeThe actor who played Hamlet was there,   sincewho  stands for the subject of played Hamlet;   andWho do you think is the best 
candidate?  where who  stands for the subject of is the best candidate.   But we writeTo whom did you give the letter?   sincewhom  is the object of the preposition to;   andThe man 
whom the papers criticized did not show up,   sincewhom  is the object of the verb criticized.  ? Considerable effort and attention are required to apply the rules correctly in complicated 
sentences.To produce correctly a sentence such asI met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite,   we must anticipate when we writewhom  that it will function 
as the object of the verb extradite,   several clauses distant from it.It is thus not surprising that writers from Shakespeare onward should often have interchangedwho  and whom.   And 
though the distinction shows no signs of disappearing in formal style,strict adherence to the rules in informal discourse might be taken as evidence that the speaker or writer is paying 
undue attention to the form of what is said, possibly at the expense of its substance.In speech and informal writingwho  tends to predominate over whom;   a sentence such asWho did 
John say he was going to support?  will be regarded as quite natural, if strictly incorrect. By contrast, the use ofwhom  where who  would be required, as inWhom shall I say is calling?  
may be thought to betray a certain linguistic insecurity. ? When the relative pronoun stands for the object of a preposition that ends a sentence,whom  is technically the correct form: the 
strict grammarian will insist onWhom  (not who ) did you give it to?   But grammarians since Noah Webster have argued that the excessive formality ofwhom  in these cases is at odds 
with the relative informality associated with the practice of placing the preposition in final position and that the use of who  in these cases should be regarded as entirely acceptable. ? 
The relative pronounwho  may be used in restrictive relative clauses, in which case it is not preceded by a comma, or in nonrestrictive clauses, in which case a comma is 
required.Thus, we may say eitherThe scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized,   where the clausewho discovers a cure for cancer  indicates which scientist will be 
immortalized, orThe mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known,   where the clausewho solved the four-color theorem  adds information about a 
person already identified by the phrase the mathematician over there.  ? Some grammarians have argued that onlywho  and not that  should be used to introduce a restrictive relative 
clause that identifies a person. This restriction has no basis either in logic or in the usage of the best writers;it is entirely acceptable to write eitherthe man that wanted to talk to you  or 
the man who wanted to talk to you.  ? The grammatical rules governing the use ofwho  and whom  apply equally to whoever  and whomever.  See Usage Note at else ,that ,whose 
ȷ÷Ĵͳwho  whom Լ򵥣 who ﷨ͬ I  he ʵλͬ whom ڱ𴦡 дThe actor who played Hamlet was there 
ݹķصԱǱߣ who  played Hamlet  ھWho do you think is the best candidate? Ϊ˭õĺѡ? who  is the best 
candidate  ˵To whom did you give the letter?  Ÿ˭? Ϊwhom ǽ to ı ھThe man whom the papers criticized did not show up,  
ֽǸû Ϊwhom Ƕ criticized ı ڸӵľȷӦЩҪ൱Ŭע⡣ȷI met the man whom the government 
had tried to get France to extradite  Ŭ÷ɵǸˣľӣ дwhom ֮ǰǱԤ֪ extradite ı úԶ
ҲѹɯʿҾwho  whom ʹˡ ʽȻڣڷʽĽ̸ϸЩᱻΪ˵߻߿ܲ
ݶע˵ʽڿͷʽУwho ڴ whom;  ǻΪWho did John say he was going to support? Լ˵֧˭?ӺȻ
ϸ˵ǲȷġ ෴Ӧwho ĵط whom ԳһϵĲȶ Whom shall I say is calling? ˵˭ڴ绰? ϵβ
ʱʱwhom ȷƣ ϸ﷨Whom  who ) did you give it to?˭ˣ  ŵΤ˹﷨ѧΪwhom 
¹ʽѽʷھβ˵ֲʽìܣ who ȫԽܡ ϵwho ޶ϵӾУǰ治ҪӶţ Ҳ
޶ϵӾУҪӶšǼȿ˵The scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized  ֢ķĿѧҽ˶ࣩ ڴ˴
Ӿwho discovers a cure for cancer ָĿѧҽ᲻࣬ Ҳ˵The mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known Ǳߵѧҷǳ
ɫ Ӿwho solved the four-color theorem Ѿɶ the mathematician over there ȷ˵һЩйϢ Щ﷨ѧΪֻwho 
 that ӱʾ˵޶ԹϵӾ䡣 ߼ûиݣҵ÷Ҳδиݣ˵the man that wanted to talk to you Ҫ˵Ǹˣ 
the man who wanted to talk to you ȫԽܵġ йwho  whom ﷨ͬ whoever  whomever  μ else,that,whose
?
WHO
WHO
abbr.
World Health Organization.
֯

= =
whoever
who.ev.er
AHD:[h?-vr] 
D.J.[hu86ev*]
K.K.[hu6Wv+]
pron.ʣ
Whatever person or persons:
˭ʲô˻ǣ
Whoever comes will be welcomed.
˭ܵӭ
Who:
˭
Whoever could have dreamed of such a thing?See Usage Note at whatever ,who 
˭뵽?μ whatever,who

= =
whole
whole
AHD:[h?l] 
D.J.[h*&l]
K.K.[hol]
adj.ݴʣ
Containing all components; complete:
ȫģгɷֵģȫģ
a whole wardrobe for the tropics.
ȴȫװ
Not divided or disjoined; in one unit:
ģδָģģ
a whole loaf.
һ
Constituting the full amount, extent, or duration:
ͷβģȫ̶Ȼʱģ
The baby cried the whole trip home.
Ӥһ·޵
Not wounded, injured, or impaired; sound or unhurt:
ģȫģδ˵ģ
escaped the fire with a whole skin.
Ȼӳ
Having been restored; healed:
ָ˽ģȬģ
a whole person again.
ָֻ˽
Having the same parents:
ͬĸģ
a whole sister.
ͬ
Mathematics Not fractional; integral.
ѧ Ƿģ
n.ʣ
A number, group, set, or thing lacking no part or element; a complete thing.
ȫ壬壺һ顢һ׻ȱκβֻԪص
An entity or a system made up of interrelated parts:
ȫ壬壺໥Ĳɵʵϵͳ
treating the human body as a whole.
嵱һ
adv.Informal ʣʽ 
Entirely; wholly:
׵أȫأ
a whole new idea.
ȫµ뷨
?
as a whole
All parts or aspects considered; altogether:
вֺͷ涼ǵ
disliked the acting but enjoyed the play as a whole.
ϲݵϲ
on the whole
Considering everything:
ܵĿ
on the whole, a happy marriage.
ܵĿǸҸĽ
In most instances or cases; as a rule:
ڴ£ϣϣ
can expect sunny weather, on the whole.
ϻоʵ
?
Middle English hole [unharmed] 
йӢ hole [δ˺] 
from Old English h3l * see  kailo- 
Դ Ӣ h3l *μ kailo- 
?
wholeness
n.ʣ
?
whole,all,entire,gross,total
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is including every constituent or individual: 
ݴͬ˼ǡÿɷֻ塱 
a whole town devastated by an earthquake;
ƻӣ
all the class going on a field trip;
μӽεȫ༶Ա
entire freedom of choice;
ȫѡɣ
gross income;
룻
the total cost. partial 
ȫ partial

= =
wholly
whol.ly
AHD:[h?l?, h?ll?] 
D.J.[6h*&li8, 6h*&lli8]
K.K.[6holi, 6holli]
adv.ʣ
Completely; entirely:
ȫأ׵أ
The old American purposes are still wholly relevant(John F. Kennedy)
ɵĿȻȫȷġ(ԼF.)
Exclusively; solely.
ȫأΨһ

= =
whom
whom
AHD:[h?m] 
D.J.[hu8m]
K.K.[hum]
pron.ʣ
The objective case of who See Usage Note at who 
 whoıʽμ who
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hw?3m} * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hw?3m} *μ k wo- 

= =
whose
whose
AHD:[h?z] 
D.J.[hu8z]
K.K.[huz]
adj.ݴʣ
The possessive form of who 
 whoиʽ
The possessive form of which 
 whichиʽ
?
Middle English whos 
йӢ whos 
from Old English hw?s * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hw?s *μ k wo- 
?
It has sometimes been claimed thatwhose  should be used only as the possessive form of who  and should thus be restricted to animate antecedents, as ina man whose power has 
greatly eroded.   But there is extensive literary precedent for the use ofwhose  as the possessive of which,  as inThe play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.  In an 
earlier survey this example was acceptable to a large majority of the Usage Panel.The alternate formof which  also can be used to this purpose, as in The play, the style of which is 
rigidly formal, is typical of the period.   But as this example demonstrates, substitutingof which  for whose  may result in stiltedness. See Usage Note at else ,which ,who 
ʱΪwhose ֻӦΪ who иʽڱʾдʣ ھa man whose power has greatly erode. Ѵ˥˵ˣС whose  which 
ʽҲģ  the play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. 籾彩ʽǵʱĵͣ ڣ÷÷רС
Ķ˵ǿԽܵġ仯ʽof which Ҳã The play, the style of which is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.  ʾһof 
which  whose ԵòȻ μ else,which,who

= =
why
why
AHD:[hwo, wo] 
D.J.[hwa!, wa!]
K.K.[hwa!, wa!]
adv.ʣ
For what purpose, reason, or cause; with what intention, justification, or motive:
ΪʲôΪʲôĿġԭԴʲôĿꡢڻ򶯻
Why is the door shut? Why do birds sing?
Ϊʲô?Ϊʲô?
conj.Ӵʣ
The reason, cause, or purpose for which:
ΪԭĿģ
I know why you left.
֪뿪ԭ
Usage Problem On account of which; for which:
÷ѡ ΪΪʲô
The reason why[regular verbs]  are called regular is that we can predict what all the other three forms are (Randolph Quirk)
[򶯴] ֮ԳΪΪܹԤ֪ʽı仯 (׵򡤿)
n.ʣ
 whys 
The cause or intention underlying a given action or situation:
ԭ򣬶һصΪصĿģ
studying the whys of antisocial behavior.
оΪԭ
A difficult problem or question.
⣬˷ѽ
interj.̾ʣ
Used to express mild surprise, indignation, or impatience.
ڱʾ΢ĳԾͷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English hwt} * see  k wo- 
Դ Ӣ hwt} *μ k wo- 
?
Many critics have held thatwhy  is redundant in the expression the reason why,   as inThe reason why he accepted the nomination is not clear.   It is true thatwhy  could be eliminated 
from such examples with no loss to the sense, but the construction has been used by reputable English writers since the Renaissance.See Usage Note at where 
Ϊthe reason why ֱУ why Ƕģ ھThe reason why he accepted the nomination is mot clear.ԭ̫ȷ  why Դ
гȥԾ岢Ӱ죬 ԴոֽṹΪӢҵĹ㷺Ӧòμ where

= =
wicked
wick.ed
AHD:[w1k1d] 
D.J.[6w!k!d]
K.K.[6w!k!d]
adj.ݴʣ
wick.ed.er,wick.ed.est 
Evil by nature and in practice.See Synonyms at bad 1
аģȱµģԺʵаĲμ bad1
Playfully malicious or mischievous:
Ϸʵģģ
a wicked prank; a critic's wicked wit.
һϷʵЦϷ˵Ĳ˼
Severe and distressing:
صĺʹģ
a wicked cough; a wicked gash; wicked driving conditions.
صĿԣصĴˣļʻ״
Highly offensive; obnoxious:
ģģ
a wicked stench.
ĳζ
Slang Strikingly good, effective, or skillful:
ٵ ܰģЧģģ
a wicked curve ball; a wicked imitation.
ƯΩΩФģ
adv.Slang ʣٵ 
Used as an intensive:
ǿʣ
a . . . body suit, which she describes as wicked comfortable(Nathan Cobb)
Ǽװ˵ʮֺô(ɭƲ)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
alteration of wicke 
 wickeı仯 
ultimately from Old English wicca [sorcerer] * see  witch 
Դ Ӣ wicca [ʿ] *μ witch
?
wickedly
adv.ʣ
wickedness
n.ʣ

= =
wide
wide
AHD:[wod] 
D.J.[wa!d]
K.K.[wa!d]
adj.ݴʣ
wid.er,wid.est 
Abbr. w.Having a specified extent from side to side:
д w.ģ㷺ģһߵһضȵģ
a ribbon two inches wide.
Ӣ˿
Extending over a great distance from side to side; broad:
ģģһߵһкܳһξģģ
a wide road; a wide necktie.
ĵ·
Having great extent or range; including much or many:
㷺ģк̶ܴȻΧģܶģ
a wide selection; granting wide powers; wide variations.
㷺ѡ񣻸㷺Ȩ仯ܶ
Fully open or extended:
Ŵģúܴģ
look with wide eyes.
Ŵ۾
Being at a distance from a desired goal or point:
ĿԶģ
a shot that was wide of the mark; a claim that was wide of the truth.
ɵһǹΪ׵˵
Baseball Outside.
 Ͷƫģģƫ
Linguistics Lax.
ѧ Ԫɵģ
adv.ʣ
wider,widest 
Over a great distance; extensively:
ǺԶأ㷺أ
traveled far and wide.
ܹ
To the full extent; completely.
ȫأֵأȫ
So as to miss a target; astray.
δĿأƫ
n.Sports ʣ˶ 
A ball bowled outside of the batsman's reach, counting as a run for the batting team in cricket.
򣬻δͶԱһڰǹܶ1
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wod * see  wi- 
Դ Ӣ wod *μ wi- 
?
widely
adv.ʣ
wideness
n.ʣ

= =
widen
wid.en
AHD:[wodn] 
D.J.[6wa!dn]
K.K.[6wa!d2]
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
wid.ened,wid.en.ing,wid.ens 
To make or become wide or wider.
øʹʹ
?
widener
n.ʣ

= =
widespread
wide.spread
AHD:[wodsprd] 
D.J.[6wa!d6spred]
K.K.[6wa!d6sprWd]
adj.ݴʣ
Spread or scattered over a considerable extent:
ֲ㷺ģúܹģֲɢһ൱ķΧ
widespread fallout from a nuclear explosion.
˱ըɢܹķ׹
Occurring or accepted widely:
ձģ·ģ㷺ܵģ
a widespread misunderstanding.
һձ

= =
widow
wid.ow
AHD:[w1d?] 
D.J.[6w!d*&]
K.K.[6w!do]
n.ʣ
Abbr. wid.A woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried.
д wid.Ѹ׸ףɷδټ޵ĸŮ
Informal A woman whose husband is often away pursuing a sport or hobby.
ʽ Ѹɷ˶򰮺õŮ
Games An additional hand of cards dealt face down in some card games, to be used by the highest bidder.Also called  kitty 1
Ϸ عƣĳЩ˿ϷзϵĶһƣֵĽҲ  kitty1
Printing 
ӡˢ 
A single, usually short line of type, as one ending a paragraph, carried over to the top of the next page or column.
δУòŵһҳһжġͨ϶̵ĵǦ֣
A short line at the bottom of a page, column, or paragraph.
ĩУһҳһĿһĩһ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wid.owed,wid.ow.ing,wid.ows 
To make a widow or widower of.
ʹɹѸʹɡ
?
Middle English widewe 
йӢ widewe 
from Old English widuwe 
Դ Ӣ widuwe 

= =
width
width
AHD:[w1dth, w1th, w1tth] 
D.J.[w!dG, w!G, w!tG]
K.K.[w!dG, w!G, w!tG]
n.ʣ
The state, quality, or fact of being wide.
״̬صʵ
Abbr. w.The measurement of the extent of something from side to side.
д w.ȣȣһߵһ߳ȵĲ
A piece of material measured along its smaller dimension, especially a piece of fabric measured from selvage to selvage in sewing.
һӣؽСĲֲһϣָʱһߵһ߲һ֯
?
wide 
wide
-th 2
-th2

= =
wife
wife
AHD:[wof] 
D.J.[wa!f]
K.K.[wa!f]
n.ʣ
 wives[wovz]  д w.
A woman joined to a man in marriage; a female spouse.
ӣˣͨһ˽ϵŮˣ Ůż
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wof 
Դ Ӣ wof 
?
wifehood
n.ʣ

= =
wild
wild
AHD:[wold] 
D.J.[wa!ld]
K.K.[wa!ld]
adj.ݴʣ
wild.er,wild.est 
Occurring, growing, or living in a natural state; not domesticated, cultivated, or tamed:
ҰģδѱģδģڻȻ״̬µģδѱġûиֵĻδѱģ
wild geese; edible wild plants.
Ұ죻ʳҰֲ
Not inhabited or farmed:
̵ģδѵģ
remote, wild country.
ңԶҰ
Uncivilized or barbarous; savage.
δģԭʼģҰ
Lacking restraint; unruly:
޽Ƶģ޷ģ
wild children living in the streets.
¶޽ͷҰ
Characterized by a lack of moral restraint; dissolute or licentious:
ȱϵĽƵģŵģҵģ
recalled his wild youth with remorse.
Żں޻ʱķŵ
Disorderly; disarranged:
˳ģҵģ
wild locks of long hair.
ĳͷ
Full of, marked by, or suggestive of strong, uncontrolled emotion:
ģȵģΪʹǿҵûпƵĸģ
wild with jealousy; a wild look in his eye; a wild rage.
ʵ÷裻дŵĿȵ۹⣻ŭ
Extravagant; fantastic:
ߵ,   ģ
a wild idea.
쿪
Furiously disturbed or turbulent; stormy:
ҵģ񱩵ģŭرҵĻɧҵģģ
wild weather.

Risky; imprudent:
ðյģʵģ
wild financial schemes.
ðյĲƻ
Impatiently eager:
еģģ ͷؿģ
wild to get away for the weekend.
뿪ȥĩ
Informal Highly enthusiastic:
ʽ ǳԵģ
just wild about the new music.
ִȤ
Based on little or no evidence or probability; unfounded:
֤ݵģ ں֤ݻԵģ޸ݵģ
wild accusations; a wild guess.
ָأҲ²
Deviating greatly from an intended course; erratic:
ԶĿģĿƫԶģһµģ
a wild bullet.
һ
Games Having an equivalence or value determined by the cardholder's choice:
Ϸ ٴģɳߵѡֵģ
playing poker with deuces wild.
˿ϷֽΪٴ
adv.ʣ
In a wild manner:
أ޽Ƶأһַķʽ
growing wild; roaming wild.
Ŀĵι
n.ʣ
A natural or undomesticated state:
ԭҰȻδѱ״̬
returned the zoo animals to the wild; plants that grow abundantly in the wild.
Ѷ԰еĶŹȻҰﷱïֲ
An uninhabited or uncultivated region:
ĵأ̻δѵĵ
the wilds of the northern steppes.
ԭĻĵ
?
Middle English wilde 
йӢ wilde 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
?
wildly
adv.ʣ
wildness
n.ʣ

= =
will
will 1
AHD:[w1l] 
D.J.[w!l]
K.K.[w!l]
n.ʣ
The mental faculty by which one deliberately chooses or decides upon a course of action; volition.
ģ־صѡȡһϵжľ־
The act of exercising the will.
ʵ֣ʵʹ־Ϊ
Diligent purposefulness; determination:
ϣģ
a candidate with the will to win.
Ļʤĺѡ
Self-control; self-discipline:
ƣɼ
lacked the will to overcome the addiction.
ȱ
A desire, purpose, or determination, especially of one in authority:
ԸָȨʿģĿĻģ
It is the sovereign's will that the prisoner be spared.
ǹﷸ
Deliberate intention or wish:
Ըϣ
Let it be known that I took this course of action against my will.
ô֪ҲȡжΥҵԸ
Free discretion; inclination or pleasure:
ɵľԸ
wandered about, guided only by will.
Ĵε
Bearing or attitude toward others; disposition:
У⣺Աеľ̬ȡ飺
full of good will.

A legal declaration of how a person wishes his or her possessions to be disposed of after death.
һֹԼĲƲδķ
A legally executed document containing this declaration.
ģĺϷʵʩļ
v.ʣ
willed,will.ing,wills 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To decide on; choose.
ѡ
To yearn for; desire:
Ը
She makes you will your own destruction(George Bernard Shaw)
ʹԸʻ(Ρ)
To decree, dictate, or order.
涨
To resolve with a forceful will; determine.
⣬üǿ־
To induce or try to induce by sheer force of will:
ϣƾ־Ŭ
We willed the sun to come out.
ϣ̫
To grant in a legal will; bequeath.
͸
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exercise the will.
ʹ־
To make a choice; choose.
ѡѡ
?
at will
Just as or when one wishes.
ǡڻһϣʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English willa * see  wel- 1
Դ Ӣ willa *μ wel- 1
?
will
will 2
AHD:[w1l] 
D.J.[w!l]
K.K.[w!l]
v.aux.ʣ
ȥʽ would[w?d]  
Used to indicate simple futurity:
᣺ڱʾ
They will appear later.
¶
Used to indicate likelihood or certainty:
ܣʾԻȷԣ
You will regret this.
ܻ
Used to indicate willingness:
ԸҪڱʾԸ
Will you help me with this package?
ԸҰһ?
Used to indicate requirement or command:
룬һڱʾҪ
You will report to me afterward.
ԺҪұ
Used to indicate intention:
ͼͼڱʾ㣺
I will too if I feel like it.
ϲҲ
Used to indicate customary or habitual action:
ڣǣڱʾԻϰԵĶ
People will talk.
˵
Used to indicate capacity or ability:
ڱʾܣ
This metal will not crack under heavy pressure.
ֽѹҲ
Used to indicate probability or expectation:
ܣţڱʾԡ²⣺
That will be the messenger ringing.
ŵڰ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
To wish; desire:
ϣҪ
Do what you will. Sit here if you will.See Usage Note at shall 
¡ԸĻɲμ shall
?
Middle English willen [to intend to] 
йӢ willen [] 
from Old English willan * see  wel- 1
Դ Ӣ willan *μ wel- 1

= =
willing
will.ing
AHD:[w1l1ng] 
D.J.[6w!l!0]
K.K.[6w!l!0]
adj.ݴʣ
Disposed or inclined; prepared:
ԸģģСģ
I am willing to overlook your mistakes.
ԸĴ
Acting or ready to act gladly; eagerly compliant:
ģĸԸģģϸɵģǳϵģ
The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak(Matthew 26:41)
ܵģȴ(̫26:41)
Done, given, accepted, or borne voluntarily or ungrudgingly.See Synonyms at voluntary 
ԸģԸػϧġġܵĻܵĲμ voluntary
Of or relating to exercise of the will; volitional.
־ģʹ־йصģ־
?
willingly
adv.ʣ
willingness
n.ʣ

= =
win
win
AHD:[w1n] 
D.J.[w!n]
K.K.[w!n]
v.ʣ
won[w?n] win.ning,wins 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To achieve victory or finish first in a competition.
Ӯʤڱлʤһյ
To achieve success in an effort or a venture:
ɹһŬĳðлóɹ
struggled to overcome the handicap and finally won.
Ŭ˷ڳɹ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To achieve victory or finish first in.
Ӯʤڡлʤȡõһ
To receive as a prize or reward for performance.
ӮããֶáΪر
To achieve or attain by effort:
ãͨŬȡﵽ
win concessions in negotiations.
̸ȡò
To obtain or earn (a livelihood, for example).See Synonyms at earn 1
ããƵȣμ earn1
To make (one's way) with effort.
Ŭﵽ
To reach with difficulty:
ѵصִ
The ship won a safe port.
ִﰲȫ
To take in battle; capture:
ȡȡսռ죻Ӯã
won the heights after a fierce attack.
սռߵ
To succeed in gaining the favor or support of; prevail on:
˵ȡӮáĺøл֧֣˵
Her eloquence won over the audience.
Ŀڲ˵
To gain the affection or loyalty of.
ȡáİʵ
To appeal successfully to (someone's sympathy, for example).
ãӮãɹˣ磬ĳ˵ͬ飩
To persuade (another) to marry one:
˵ˣԼ飺
He wooed and won her.
󰮳ɹ
To discover and open (a vein or deposit) in mining.
ɣɿʱֺͿɳ󴲣
To extract from a mine or from mined ore.
ɣӿʯȡ
n.ʣ
A victory, especially in a competition.
ʤָ
First place in a competition.
һеĵһ
An amount won or earned.
Ӯ
?
win out
To succeed or prevail.
ɹʤ
win through
To overcome difficulties and attain a desired goal or end.
˷ѲﵽȶĿ
?
win the day
To be successful.
ɹ
?
Middle English winnen 
йӢ winnen 
from Old English winnan [to fight, strive] * see  wen- 1
Դ Ӣ winnan [ս] *μ wen- 1

= =
wind
wind 1
AHD:[w1nd] 
D.J.[w!nd]
K.K.[w!nd]
n.ʣ
Moving air, especially a natural and perceptible movement of air parallel to or along the ground.
磺ƶĿָƽлصȻҿɲƶ
A movement of air generated artificially, as by bellows or a fan.
÷ӵȣ˹Ŀ
The direction from which a movement of air comes:
򣺿ķ
The wind is north-northwest.
ƫ
A movement of air coming from one of the four cardinal points of the compass:
򣺴ָϵĸλ֮һķ磺
the four winds.
ĸķ
Moving air carrying sound, an odor, or a scent.
ζζķ
Breath, especially normal or adequate breathing; respiration:
Ϣָ㹻ĺ
had the wind knocked out of them.
ʹ޷
Gas produced in the stomach or intestines during digestion; flatulence.
θθ壻θ
Often winds Music 
  winds ֡ 
The brass and woodwinds sections of a band or an orchestra.
ֶӻֶеͭľ
Wind instruments or their players considered as a group.
һĹ
Something that disrupts or destroys:
Ӱ죬һƻõĶ
the winds of war.
սĶ
A tendency; a trend:
ƣ
the winds of change.
仯
Information, especially of something concealed; intimation:
ϢָйطϢʾ
Trouble will ensue if wind of this scandal gets out.
һ¶鷳
Speech or writing empty of meaning; verbiage.
̸ϻû̸£ߴ
Futile or idle labor or thought.
ͽͣ룺õĻͽȻͶ뷨
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wind.ed,wind.ing,winds 
To expose to free movement of air; ventilate or dry.
¶ʹͨ磻ʹͨ
To detect the smell of; catch a scent of.
ζ֡ζ
To pursue by following a scent.
ѭζ׷
To cause to be out of or short of breath.
ʹϢʹʹ
To afford a recovery of breath:
áϢ
stopped to wind and water the horses.
ͣϢˮ
?
before the wind
In the same direction as the wind.
˳磬ͬķ
close to the wind
As close as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing.
ܵؽӽ
in the wind
Likely to occur; in the offing:
пܷģ
Big changes are in the wind.
޴ı仯
near the wind
Nautical Close to the wind.
 ˳
Close to danger.
վģð
off the wind
In a direction away from the wind.
磬෴
on the wind 
into the wind  
down the wind
Nautical In the same or nearly the same direction as the wind.
 ˳ģͬӽķ
under the wind
Nautical To the leeward.
 򱳷棬·
In a location protected from the wind.
ڱܷ紦ڵλ
up the wind
In a direction opposite or nearly opposite the wind.
磺򼸺ķ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wind * see  w?- 
Դ Ӣ wind *μ w?- 
?
wind
wind 2
AHD:[wond] 
D.J.[wa!nd]
K.K.[wa!nd]
v.ʣ
wound[wound] wind.ing,winds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To wrap (something) around a center or another object once or repeatedly:
ƣƣһλ򲻶ϵذѣĳһĻһΧ
wind string around a spool.

To wrap or encircle (an object) in a series of coils; entwine:
ƣһľסƣһ壩ƣ
wound her injured leg with a bandage; wound the waist of the gown with lace and ribbons.
ñ˵ȣ·Χϻߺ˿
To go along (a curving or twisting course):
ơǰأѵ·ߣǰУ
wind a path through the mountains.
ɽС·ǰ
To proceed on (one's way) with a curving or twisting course.
ѣۡѵ·߽Уĳ˵ĵ·
To introduce in a disguised or devious manner; insinuate:
ػص˵ʾò
He wound a plea for money into his letter.
ίرʾҪǮ
To turn (a crank, for example) in a series of circular motions.
תͨ˶ת
To coil the spring of (a mechanism) by turning a stem or cord, for example:
Ϸͨתƣĳеģɣ
wind a watch.
Ϸ
To coil (thread, for example), as onto a spool or into a ball.
ߵȣϻɸ
To remove or unwind (thread, for example), as from a spool:
ϣߵȣ
wound the line off the reel.
ߴϽ⿪
To lift or haul by means of a windlass or winch:
ϣͨ
Wind the pail to the top of the well.
Ͱᵽ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in or have a curving or twisting course:
ǰ۶Уػأ
a river winding through a valley.
ɽѵĺ
To move in or have a spiral or circular course:
ǰУ
a column of smoke winding into the sky.
һ
To be coiled or spiraled:
ƣƣʹǰ
The vine wound about the trellis.

To be twisted or whorled into curved forms.
ƣƳ״
To proceed misleadingly or insidiously in discourse or conduct.
󵼣˵жʱյ
To become wound:
Ϸ
a clock that winds with difficulty.
Ϸ
n.ʣ
The act of winding.
ƣƵĶ
A single turn, twist, or curve.
һȦһһת
?
wind down ʽ
To diminish gradually in energy, intensity, or scope:
ǿȻΧϽ٣
The party wound down as guests began to leave.
˿ʼ뿪
To relax; unwind.
ɣɳ
wind up
To come or bring to a finish; end:
ʹ
when the meeting wound up; wind up a project.
ʱһĿ
To put in order; settle:
ѡͣ
wound up her affairs before leaving the country.
뿪֮ǰͣ
Informal To arrive in a place or situation after or because of a course of action:
ʽ ﵽΪһϵΪĳػĳ
took a long walk and wound up at the edge of town; overspent and wound up in debt.
˺ܳһ·󵽴СıԵѹȣ¸ծ
Baseball To swing back the arm and raise the foot in preparation for pitching the ball.
 ǰ裨ֱۣ׼ͶʱӶֱ۲̧
?
Middle English winden 
йӢ winden 
from Old English windan 
Դ Ӣ windan 
?
wind
wind 3
AHD:[wond, w1nd] 
D.J.[wa!nd, w!nd]
K.K.[wa!nd, w!nd]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wind.ed[wond1d, w1n-]   wound [wound] wind.ing,winds ֡ 
To blow (a wind instrument).
һֹ
To sound by blowing.
ù
?
From wind 1
Դ wind1
?
winder
n.ʣ

= =
window
win.dow
AHD:[w1nd?] 
D.J.[6w!nd*&]
K.K.[6w!ndo]
n.ʣ
An opening constructed in a wall or roof that functions to admit light or air to an enclosure and is often framed and spanned with glass mounted to permit opening and closing.
ڣǽϻ򷿶Ͻĳڣʹ߻ڣͨпܺ͹ţװвʹܹ֮ܿ
A framework enclosing a pane of glass for such an opening; a sash.
ֿڵĴĿܣ
A pane of glass or similar material enclosed in such a framework.
ڵĲƲ
An opening that resembles a window in function or appearance.
״ڣڶܻƴĿ
The transparent panel on a window envelope.
ڿŷϵ͸ֽ
The area or space immediately behind a window, especially at the front of a shop.
д̵ָǰģĵطռ
A means of access or observation:
ﵽķ۲ֶΣ
St. Petersburg was Peter the Great's window onto the Baltic.
ʥ˵ñǱ˵ô۽벨޵ĺһ
An interval of time during which an activity can or must take place:
ޣĳܻһᷢһμʱ䣺
a brief window of opportunity for a space mission; a window of vulnerability during which the air force was subject to attack.
̫շʱվܹΣս׶
Strips of foil dropped from an aircraft to confuse enemy radar; chaff.
ƬΪԻ״ӷɻӳĽƬƬ
A range of electromagnetic frequencies that pass unobstructed through a planetary atmosphere.
粨װãŲܹ谭شǴһֵƵʷΧ
Computer Science A small area on a screen in which a file or a part of a file can be displayed.
ѧ ӴĻʾļ򲿷ļС
Aerospace 
̫ѧ 
A launch window.
ʱ
An area at the outer limits of the earth's atmosphere through which a spacecraft must pass in order to return safely.
ĵɴͨ˵زܰȫع
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old Norse vindauga 
Դ ˹ά vindauga 
vindr [air, wind] * see  w?- 
vindr [] *μ w?- 
auga [eye] * see  ok w- 
auga [۾] *μ ok w- 
?
The wordwindow  conceals a poetic image that is not at all transparent. Our word comes to us from the Scandinavian invaders and settlers of England in the early Middle Ages.Although 
we have no record of the exact word they gave us,it was related to Old Norsevindauga,  window, a compound made up ofvindr,  wind, and auga,  eye, reflecting the fact that 
at one time windows contained no glass.In our time we have takenwindow,  which has been recorded in the language for almost 800 years, in a figurative direction with phrases such 
aslaunch window, weather window,  and window of opportunity  or vulnerability.   Rockets and missiles now travel through the wind's eye.
window ڸһԵĸʫ ͳ˹άߺӢĿߴġûȷм¼ʲô˹ά
еvindouga йϵ vindr 硱 auga ۾ɵĸϴʣ ⷴӳڵʱûвġִõwindow м¼800ˣ 
˱壬ڶѷʱ, ƽ,  window of opportunity  vulnerability  ͵Ҫ۾

= =
wine
wine
AHD:[won] 
D.J.[wa!n]
K.K.[wa!n]
n.ʣ
A beverage made of the fermented juice of any of various kinds of grapes, usually containing from 10 to 15 percent alcohol by volume.
Ѿƣһøѷͺ֭ˮƳɵϣͨϺ10%15%ľƾ
A beverage made of the fermented juice of any of various other fruits or plants.
ƣһˮֲ﷢ͺ֭ˮƳɵ
Something that intoxicates or exhilarates.
ʹ˷ܵĶ
Color The color of red wine.
ɫʡ ɫϺɫѾƵɫ
v.ʣ
wined,win.ing,wines 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To provide or entertain with wine.
롭ȾƣԾдṩ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To drink wine.
Ⱦ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English won 
Դ Ӣ won 
from Latin vom 
Դ  vom 

= =
wing
wing
AHD:[w1ng] 
D.J.[w!0]
K.K.[w!0]
n.ʣ
One of a pair of movable organs for flying, as the feather-covered modified forelimb of a bird or the skin-covered modified digits of the forelimb of a bat.
ڷеһԿƶ٣ëǵĸĽǰ֫ƤëǵĸĽǰֺ֫
Any of usually four membranous organs for flying that extend from the thorax of an insect.
زڷе٣ͨĸ
A winglike organ or structure used for flying, as the folds of skin of a flying squirrel or the enlarged pectoral fin of a flying fish.
״٣ڷеһٻṹ޷Ƥϵ޼˵
Botany 
ֲѧ 
A thin or membranous extension, such as of the fruit of the elm, maple, or ash or of the seed of the pine.
ĤĹʵӵıĻĤ״Ӳ
One of the lateral petals of the flower of a pea or of most plants in the pea family.
꣺㶹󲿷ֲֶĻĲ滨һ
Informal An arm of a human being.
ʽ ֱۣ˵ĸ첲
An airfoil whose principal function is providing lift, especially either of two such airfoils symmetrically positioned on each side of the fuselage of an aircraft.
ҪṩĻָɻԳλϵ
Something that resembles a wing in appearance, function, or position relative to a main body.
״ΡܻԵλƵĶ״
The act or manner of flying.
УеĶʽ
A means of flight or of rapid ascent.
еķķ
Something, such as a weathervane, that is moved by or moves against the air.
꣺ɷŷƶĶ
The sail of a ship.

Chiefly British The fender of a motor vehicle.
Ӣ ĵ
A folding section, as of a double door or of a movable partition.
˫Ż޵
Either of the two side projections on the back of a wing chair.
α״εĿϵͻ
A flat of theatrical scenery projecting onto the stage from the side.
ྰӲͶ䵽̨ϵ̨һƬ
wings The unseen backstage area on either side of the stage of a proscenium theater.
 wings 棺ϷԺ̨Ĳܱڿĺ̨
A structure attached to and connected internally with the side of a main building.
᣺һڲĽṹ
A section of a large building devoted to a specific purpose:
߷ţרŹĳҪһĽһ֣
the children's wing of the hospital.
ҽԺСƲ
A group affiliated with or subordinate to an older or larger organization.
֧ɣڻһϻ֯ϵļ
Either of two groups with opposing views within a larger group; a faction.
ɱһڲ෴۵֮һ
A section of a party, legislature, or community holding distinct, especially dissenting, political views:
ɣϵвָͬһɡػŵһ֣
the conservative wing.

Either the left or right flank of an army or a naval fleet.
ӣ½򺣾Ҳ
An air force unit larger than a group but smaller than a division.
ӣվбȿվӸֵʦһӵλ
Sports Either of the forward positions played near the sideline, especially in hockey.
˶ ߷λãָڱ߸ǰλ
wings An outspread pair of stylized bird's wings worn as insignia by qualified pilots or air crew members.
 wings վ£ϸԱԱһչĸʽ˵εĻ
v.ʣ
winged,wing.ing,wings 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move on or as if on wings; fly.
Уû·óǰ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To furnish with wings.
װ
To cause or enable to fly or speed swiftly along.
ʹʹܷлӿٶ
To feather (an arrow).
װ
To pass over or through with or as if with wings.
ɹûƺóɹԽ
To carry or transport by or as if by flying.
ͣ
To effect or accomplish by flying.
ͨû
To throw or dispatch (a ball, for example).
ӵѵ
To wound the wing of (a game bird, for example).
ˡĳĳ
To wound superficially, as in an appendage.
СķҪλжĸ
To furnish with side or subordinate extensions, as a building or an altarpiece.
װһʥ̳װλ
?
in the wings
In the stage wings, unseen by the audience.
ڹڿ̨
Close by in the background; available at short notice:
ڽԣǰڱ̹лУ
a presidential candidate waiting in the wings.
ͳѡ˵ȴżѡϣϢ
on the wing
In flight; flying.
ڷУ
take wing
To fly off; soar away.
ɣ
under (one's) wing
Under one's protection; in one's care.
ڡӻ£ĳչ֮
wing itʽ
To say or do something without preparation, forethought, or sufficient information or experience; improvise:
˱ݣݽδ׼δԤȿǻû㹻Ϣ;˵ĳ£˴
She hadn't studied for the exam, so she decided to wing it.
ûΪ׼Ծٳ
?
Middle English wenge, winge 
йӢ wenge, winge 
[of Scandinavian origin] * see  w?- 
[˹άԴ] *μ w?- 

= =
winner
win.ner
AHD:[w1nr] 
D.J.[6w!n*]
K.K.[6w!n+]
n.ʣ
One that wins, especially a victor in sports or a notably successful person.
ʤߣɹߣʤˣָ˶еĳɹߺעĿĳɹ

= =
winter
win.ter
AHD:[w1ntr] 
D.J.[6w!nt*]
K.K.[6w!nt+]
n.ʣ
The usually coldest season of the year, occurring between autumn and spring, extending in the Northern Hemisphere from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox, and popularly 
considered to be constituted by December, January, and February.
ͨһļڣʹ֮䣬ڱӶ֣ͨʮ¡һºͶ
A year as expressed through the recurrence of the winter season.
꣬꣺ݶֻض˵һ
A period of time characterized by coldness, misery, barrenness, or death.
ڣԺ䡢߻Ϊصһʱ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of winter:
ģģģڶģ
winter blizzards; winter attire.
Ĵѩװ
Grown during the season of winter:
ģ
winter herbs.
Խ
v.ʣ
win.tered,win.ter.ing,win.ters 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To spend the winter:
ɹ죺
wintered in Arizona.
ɣݹ
To feed in winter. Used withon : 
ԡon ã 
deer wintering on cedar bark.
ѩƤ¹
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To lodge, keep, or care for during the winter:
ϣˣڶṩסޡչˣ
wintering the sheep in the stable.
Ȧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  wed- 1
Դ Ӣ *μ wed- 1
?
winterish
adj.ݴʣ
?
Winter, spring, summer, fall.It is not too difficult to see how the season namesspring  and fall  came into being, but without some background information it is impossible to tell what the 
origins of the wordswinter  and summer  are. Summer  goes back to the Indo-European root .sem-,  meaning summer.  From a suffixed form of this root came the prehistoric 
Common Germanic word.sumaraz,   the ancestor of Old Englishsumor  and its descendant, Modern English summer.   This is the only Indo-European root referring to a season that has 
survived in an English name for a season.Of the other three,.wesr-,  spring, has produced words such as vernal; ghyem-, winter, has given us words such as hibernate;   
andesen-,  harvest, fall, has yielded earn  ( from the prehistoric Common Germanic word.azn?,  to do harvest work, serve). Winter  does, however, go back to the Indo-European 
root wed-,  water, wet. From the formwe-n-d-  of this root with the nasal infix -n-  was derived the Germanic word .wintruz,   with the underlying meaning wet season and the 
literal meaning winter.The Germanic word is the source of Old Englishwinter,  the ancestor of Modern English winter.  
ģ˵spring  fall Ǻѣ ûһЩ֪ʶ֪winter  summer ĴԴ Summer ׷ݵӡŷеĴʸ sem- ˼ǡ
족 ʸӺ׺תΪʷǰͨնsumaraz  ǹӢsumor ǰɴַչִӢе summer  ӡŷбڵĴʸӢ
ΪΨһһwesr-  vernalĴʣ ghyem-ָǵ hibernate  esen- ջ족 earn ( ʷǰͨն
aznon ջĹ񡱶 Ȼwinter ׷ݵӡŷʸ wed- ˮʪġ ʸwe-n-d ʽͱ׺ -n- ն wintruz  ˼
ʪļڡ塰족նǹӢwinter ǰҲִӢ winter ǰ 

= =
wipe
wipe
AHD:[wop] 
D.J.[wa!p]
K.K.[wa!p]
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wiped,wip.ing,wipes 
To subject to light rubbing or friction, as with a cloth or paper, in order to clean or dry.
ãΪòֽĨĦ
To clean or dry by rubbing:
ɣͨ
wiped my feet before I went inside.
߽ȥ֮ǰȲ
To rub, move, or pass (a cloth, for example) over a surface.
ñ棺ڱϲƶ򾭹һ鲼
To remove by or as if by rubbing:
ȥĨȥͨƺͨȥ
wipe off dirt; wipe away grease.
ȥҳĨȥ֬
To blot out completely, as from the memory.
ȥӼУĨ
To spread or apply by or as if by wiping:
ͿĨͨƺͨɢͿĨ
wiped furniture polish over the table.
ͿϼҾϹ
To form (a joint) in plumbing by spreading solder with a piece of cloth or leather.
ýӣڹܵʱһ鲼Ƥγɣͷ
n.ʣ
The act or an instance of wiping.
ĨΪ
Something, such as a towel or tissue, used for wiping.
ĨˮֽڲõĶëֽ
A cam that activates another part; a wiper.
͹֣һֵ͹֣ͦ
A blow or swipe.
һݺһ
Informal A jeer; a gibe.
ʽ ŪЦ
A shift from one scene in a film or movie to another, effected by means of a line passing across the screen.
һߴĻתӰӰƬĻ
?
wipe out
To destroy or be destroyed completely.
𣺳״ݻٻ򱻳ƻ
Slang To murder.
ٵ ɱıɱ
Sports To lose one's balance and fall or jump off a surfboard.
˶ ˴򷭣ʧȥƽ⣬Ȼӳ˰Ϸ
?
Middle English wipen 
йӢ wipen 
from Old English won * see  weip- 
Դ Ӣ won *μ weip- 

= =
wire
wire
AHD:[wor] 
D.J.[wa!*]
K.K.[wa!r]
n.ʣ
A usually pliable metallic strand or rod made in many lengths and diameters, sometimes clad and often electrically insulated, used chiefly for structural support or to conduct electricity.
˿ߣиֳȺֱͨĽƵ߻ʱа㡢ͨԵҪڽṹϵ֧Ż͵
A group of wire strands bundled or twisted together as a functional unit; cable.
£ߣһһΪһܵλһߣ
Something resembling a wire, as in slenderness or stiffness.
״ϸͷߵĶ˿״
An open telephone connection.
ĵ绰
Slang A hidden microphone, as on a person's body or in a building.
ٵ λͲϻϵĲ˿˷
A telegraph service.
籨
A telegram or cablegram.
籨򺣵׵籨
Computer Science A pin in the print head of a computer printer.
ѧ ײ룺ӡӡˢͷϵײ
The screen on which sheets of paper are formed in a papermaking machine.
ֽֽγֽŵ
Sports The finish line of a racetrack.
˶ յߣܳϵյ
wires 
 wires 
The system of strings employed in manipulating puppets in a show.
ǣߣľżڲľżһ
Hidden controlling influences.
Ļݵ
Slang A pickpocket.
ٵ 
Fencing made of usually barbed wire.
դͨװеĽɵ
v.ʣ
wired,wir.ing,wires 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To bind, connect, or attach with wires or a wire.
ýӹ
To string (beads, for example) on wire.
ýߴɣڽϴϣӵȣ
To equip with a system of electrical wires.
װ
Slang To install electronic eavesdropping equipment in (a room, for example).
ٵ װװãڣӣﰲװװ
To send by telegraph:
õ籨ͣ
wired her congratulations.
µף
To send a telegram to.
籨
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To send a telegram.
籨
?
down to the wireʽ
To the very end, as in a race or contest.
ֵܻеһ̣
under the wire
Sports At the finish line.
˶ յߴ
Informal Just in the nick of time; at the last moment.
ʽ ʱһ
?
Middle English [slender metal rod] 
йӢ [ϸĽ] 
from Old English wor * see  wei- 
Դ Ӣ wor *μ wei- 
?
wirable
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wireless
wire.less
AHD:[worl1s] 
D.J.[6wa!*l!s]
K.K.[6wa!rl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Having no wires:
ߵģ
a wireless security system.
߰ȫϵͳ
Chiefly British Of or relating to radio or communication by radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony.
Ӣ ߵģߵ籨ģڻͨߵ籨ߵ绰ϵߵ紫͵
n.ʣ
A radio telegraph or radiotelephone system.
ߵ籨ϵͳߵ绰ϵͳ
A message transmitted by wireless telegraph or telephone.
ߵ籨绰͵Ϣ
Chiefly British Radio.
Ӣ ߵ
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
wire.lessed,wire.less.ing,wire.less.es 
To communicate with or send communications by wireless.
ߵ緢ͻϵߵ籨绰ϵϢ

= =
wisdom
wis.dom
AHD:[w1zdm] 
D.J.[6w!zd*m]
K.K.[6w!zd*m]
n.ʣ
Understanding of what is true, right, or lasting; insight:
ǻۣʲôġȷĻõģ
One cannot have wisdom without living life(Dorothy McCall)
һ˲ǻۡ(˿)
Common sense; good judgment:
ʶõж
It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things(Henry David Thoreau)
עһǾкõжһص㡱(ά)
The sum of scholarly learning through the ages; knowledge:
֪ʶѧʣͨʱѧϰõѧʶ֪ܺͣʶ
In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations(Maya Angelou)
Щʵ̺ż˼ǻ۵Ľᾧ(š)
Wise teachings of the ancient sages.
ѵŴǵĽ
A wise outlook, plan, or course of action.
ǣǵĿƻΪ
Wisdom Bible Wisdom of Solomon.
 Wisdom ʥ ѵ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wo?m} * see  weid- 
Դ Ӣ wo?m} *μ weid- 

= =
wise
wise 1
AHD:[woz] 
D.J.[wa!z]
K.K.[wa!z]
adj.ݴʣ
wis.er,wis.est 
Having wisdom or discernment for what is true, right, or lasting; sagacious:
Ӣģϵģǻ۵ģʶʲôġȷĻõĶģǵģ
a wise leader.
Ӣ쵼
Exhibiting common sense; prudent:
ģֳгʶģģ
a wise decision.
ľ
Shrewd; crafty.
ģƻ
Having great learning; erudite.
ѧʵģѧ
Provided with information; informed. Used withto : 
׵ģģ˽ģ֪ģϢͨġto ã 
was wise to the politics of the department.
˲ڵĶթ
Slang Rude and disrespectful; impudent.
ٵ ³çģ³Ҳģ
?
wise up ٵ
To make or become aware, informed, or sophisticated.
ʹ֪֪飬
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wos * see  weid- 
Դ Ӣ wos *μ weid- 
?
wisely
adv.ʣ
wiseness
n.ʣ
?
wise
wise 2
AHD:[woz] 
D.J.[wa!z]
K.K.[wa!z]
n.ʣ
Method or manner of doing; way:
ʽ
in no wise; in any wise.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English woe * see  weid- 
Դ Ӣ woe *μ weid- 
?
Wise
Wise
AHD:[woz] Isaac Mayer (1819-1900) 
D.J.[wa!z]
K.K.[wa!z]
NONE޴ԣ
Bohemian-born American religious leader who united Reform Jewish organizations in the United States.
˹ˡ÷Ү(1819-1900) ϣڽ䣬ͳһ̫˽̸ĸ
?
Wise
WiseStephen Samuel (1874-1949)
NONE޴ԣ
Hungarian-born American religious leader who was an ardent Zionist and founded the World Jewish Congress (1936).
˹˹ٷҡѶ(1874-1949) ڽ䣬̫̫Ĵʼ(1936꣩

= =
wish
wish
AHD:[w1sh] 
D.J.[w!.]
K.K.[w!.]
n.ʣ
A desire, longing, or strong inclination for a specific thing.
ϣԸĳһضǿ
An expression of a desire, longing, or strong inclination; a petition.
Ը󣺱ǿԸ
Something desired or longed for.
ҪõĶ
v.ʣ
wished,wish.ing,wish.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To long for; want.See Synonyms at desire 
ϣҪμ desire
To entertain or express wishes for; bid:
ףԸлףԸף
He wished her good night.

To call or invoke upon:
Ը
I wish them luck.
ףԸ
To order or entreat:
Ҫ
I wish you to go.
Ҫ뿪
To impose or force; foist:
ǿӣǿȣǿӣѡǿڣ
They wished a hard job on her.
Ǹܼѵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have or feel a desire:

wish for the moon.
Ը
To express a wish.
ԸףԸ
?
Middle English wissh 
йӢ wissh 
from wisshen [to wish] 
Դ wisshen [] 
from Old English wtn * see  wen- 1
Դ Ӣ wtn *μ wen- 1
?
wisher
n.ʣ
?
Wish  is widely used as a polite substitute for want  with infinitives:  
Wish ѹ㷺سΪ벻ʽñʾ want òĴ  
Do you wish to sit at a table on the terrace?
̨ϵ?
Anyone who wishes to may leave now. 
ߵڿˡ 
 This usage is consonant with formal style,where it is natural to treat the desires of others with exaggerated deference.The corresponding use ofwish  with a noun-phrase object is less 
frequent, though it cannot be regarded as incorrect:  
÷ʽ壬ʽжԱ˵ԸʾغȻܲΪǴģwish ʶﲻ̫  
Anyone who wishes an aisle seat should see an attendant. 
κҪλ˶ҪͬԱ 
 Both usages are likely to sound stilted in informal style, however. ?Whenwish  precedes a subordinate clause containing a contrary-to-fact statement, strict grammatical correctness 
requires that one usewere  rather than was : I wish I were  (not was ) lighter on my feet.   Many writers continue to insist on this rule,but precedent for using the indicativewas  in such 
clauses can be found in the works of many writers, including King Alfred and Jonathan Swift. See Usage Note at if ,want 
÷ڷʽлԵòȻwish һʵ෴ĳ־ʱ ϸ﷨˵ӦڴӾwere  was  I wish I were  was ) 
lighter on my feetϣܲӯ  Լ򣬵ڴӾñwas Ұ𡤰׵ºԼɭ˹صƷҵ μ 
if,want

= =
wit
wit 1
AHD:[w1t] 
D.J.[w!t]
K.K.[w!t]
n.ʣ
The natural ability to perceive and understand; intelligence.
Ȼ
Often wits Keenness and quickness of perception or discernment; ingenuity:
  wits ǣѸ٣Ƕı
living by one's wits.

wits Sound mental faculties; sanity:
 wits ȫͷԣѵ־
scared out of my wits.
ŵһ겻
The ability to perceive and express in an ingeniously humorous manner the relationship between seemingly incongruous or disparate things:
ȤܹôĬķʽ˵򶴲ƺЭɵ֮Ĺϵ
Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words(Dorothy Parker)
Ȥ֮⣬˵ƤֻŪ֡()
One noted for this ability, especially one skilled in repartee.
ڻǵˣ˵ȤˣָڻӦ
A person of exceptional intelligence.
ӣߣнܳ
?
at (one's) wits' end
At the limit of one's mental resources; utterly at a loss.
ƾȫȻ֪
have (one's) wits about (one) 
keep (one's) wits about (one)
To remain alert or calm, especially in a crisis.
ͷԾ򾲣ָΣʱ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  weid- 
Դ Ӣ *μ weid- 
?
wit,humor,repartee,sarcasm,irony
These nouns are compared as they denote forms of expression that elicit amusement or laughter.
ЩʾζͷЦı﷽ʽ˼ʱǿɱȽϵġ
 Wit   implies intellectual keenness and the ability to perceive and express in a diverting, often pointed way analogies between essentially dissimilar things;humor,  on the other hand, 
suggests the faculty of recognizing what is amusing, comical, incongruous, or absurd and using it as the basis for expression:  
 Wit  ָѧϵ񣬺ֻܹϲƵ֮ĶԱһ˷Цͨķʽһhumor ָܹ˷Цϲ绯ġЭ
ĻĶܰ  
Humor is, as it were, the growth of nature and accident;wit is the product of art and fancy  (William Hazlitt).
 ĬǰһȻĲȤĲ  أ
 Repartee   implies a facility for answering swiftly and cleverly: 
 Repartee  ָؿӦ 
framing comments . . . that would be sure to sting and yet leave no opening for repartee  (H.G. Wells).
 һ˵ʹĻʧĿۡ  (H.G.˹
 Sarcasm   is a form of caustic wit intended to wound or ridicule another: 
 Sarcasm  һΪ˺ȡЦһ˵Ŀ̱ķȤ 
Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil; for which reason I have, long since, as good as renounced it (Thomas Carlyle).
 ҿʼʶħԣ˺ܾѲˡ  ˹
 Irony   is a form of expression in which an intended meaning is the opposite of the literal meaning of the words used: 
 Irony  һ෴Ҫﵽʽ 
A drayman in a passion [a rage] calls out, You are a pretty fellow, without suspecting that he is uttering irony   (Macaulay).See also Synonyms at  mind 
  Ŀ˾еǸüһ˼Ƿ   μͬ mind
?
wit
wit 2
AHD:[w1t] 
D.J.[w!t]
K.K.[w!t]
v.ʣ
wist[w1st] wit.ting[w1t1ng]  wotһ͵˳Ƶʱ[w?t]   
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be or become aware of; learn.
֪֪ʶ֪
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To know.
֪
?
to wit
That is to say; namely.
Ҳ˵
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English witan * see  weid- 
Դ Ӣ witan *μ weid- 

= =
with
with
AHD:[w1Y, w1th] 
D.J.[w!H, w!G]
K.K.[w!H, w!G]
prep.Abbr. w.ʣд w.
In the company of; accompanying:
ͣ飺ڡ£ͬ
Did you go with her?
һȥ?
Next to; alongside of:
ڡԱߣͬһ
stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.
ʿվһһ
Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:
ţΪԻصУ
arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.
Ϣӵ
Used as a function word to indicate accompanying detail or condition:
ӣ״̬ܴʱʾϸڻ״
just sat there with his mouth open.
ֻǶ
In a manner characterized by:
ԡʽ
performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.
мɵرݣ˵
In the performance, use, or operation of:
ʹãڡı֡ʹûУ
had trouble with the car.
ë
In the charge or keeping of:
ϣ
left the cat with the neighbors.
èھչ
In the opinion or estimation of:
ԡĹ۵ƣ
if it's all right with you.
ûĻ
In support of; on the side of:
֧֣ͬ
I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.
֧κ˺
Of the same opinion or belief as:
͡һ£롭ͬ۵
He is with us on that issue.
Ǹǹ۵һ
In the same group or mixture as; among:
һͬһлͬһУڡУ
planted onions with the carrots.
Ѻܺһ
In the membership or employment of:
ǡĳԱܡӶ
plays with a symphony orchestra; is with a publishing company.
ڽܹࣻһ湫˾
By the means or agency of:
ãͨķʽý飺
eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.
òӳԷЦǷЦ
By the presence or use of:
ԣͨĴڻʹã
a pillow stuffed with feathers; balloons filled with helium.
ëװͷװ
In spite of:
ܣ
With all her experience, she could not get a job.
ܺо飬Ҳ
In the same direction as:
롭ͬ
sail with the wind; flow with the river.
˳𷫣˳Ӷ
At the same time as:
롭ͬʱ
gets up with the birds.
ͬʱ
In regard to:
ڣڣ
We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the status quo.
ǺܸˣǶ״
Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:
ܴ͡ʱʾĳʽЭһ
played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.
빷棻Ͱϵͬѧ̸һ̸ĸסһ
In comparison or contrast to:
롭ȣ롭գ
a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.
·ͬһʽ
Having received:
յã
With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.
뿪ˡʱֻһЩ
And; plus:
ͣϣ
My books, with my brother's, make a sizable library. We had turkey with all the trimmings.
ҵϵĵܹܵܵһСͼˣл𼦺ĵ
Inclusive of; including:

comes to $29.95 with postage and handling.
ʺܹ29.95Ԫ
In opposition to; against:
ԣԿ
wrestling with an opponent.
ˤ
As a result or consequence of:

trembling with fear; sick with the flu.
µķȾԸð
So as to be touching or joined to:
룬ϣΪȡϵѡ
coupled the first car with the second; linked arms with their partners.
ѵһ͵ڶ˫
So as to be free of or separated from:
룬뿪Ϊ룬Ϊ롭ֿ
parted with her husband.
ɷ
In the course of:
ڡĹУ
We grow older with the hours.
ʱŶ
In proportion to:
ɱ
wines that improve with age.
ԽԽ
In relationship to:
ڡĹϵУ
at ease with my peers.
ҵͬ¹ϵǢ
As well as; in favorable comparison to:
ҲϺã
She could sing with the best of them.
Գͬһ
According to the experience or practice of:
ݾ飬ʵ
With me, it is a question of priorities.
˵ǸȨ
Used as a function word to indicate close association:
ܴʱʾϵ
With the advent of the rockets, the Space Age began.
Żĳ֣̫ʱʼ
?
in withʽ
In league or association with:
ͬϵ
He is in with the wrong crowd.
Ҵͬ
?
Middle English [with, against, from] 
йӢ [ͣԣ] 
from Old English * see  wi- 
Դ Ӣ *μ wi- 
?
With  does not have the conjunctive force of and.   Consequently, in the following example the verb is governed by the singular subject and remains singular: 
With  and á ˣֻܵĿƣҲǵ 
The governor, with his aides, is expected at the fair on Monday. See Usage Note at and 
ݳӽһϯչ μ and

= =
withdraw
with.draw
AHD:[w1Y-dr?, w1th-] 
D.J.[w!H6dr%8, w!G-]
K.K.[w!H6dr%, w!G-]
v.ʣ
with.drew[-dr?] with.drawn[-dr?n] with.draw.ing,with.draws 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To take back or away; remove.
ջأأÿƿ
To remove (money) from an account.
ѣǮȡ
To turn away (one's gaze, for example).
ƿߣ
To draw aside:
һߣ
withdrew the curtain.

To remove from consideration or participation:
ȡջأ迼ǣ룺
withdrew her application; withdrew his son from the race.
ջ룻Ӳμ
To recall or retract:
أ
withdrew the accusation.
ؿ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move or draw back; retire.
ˣ
To retreat from a battlefield.
ˣս˳
To remove oneself from active participation:
˳ٻ룬
withdrew from the competition.
Ӿ˳
To become detached from social or emotional involvement.
䵭罻ϻ鷽Į
To recall or remove a motion from consideration in parliamentary procedure.
飺ȡȥĳһΪĿ
To discontinue the use of an addictive substance.
񫣺ʹ
To adjust physiologically and mentally to this discontinuation.
ϺϵӦ䶾
?
Middle English withdrawen 
йӢ withdrawen 
with [away from] * see  with 
with [뿪] *μ with
drawen [to pull] * see  draw 
drawen [] *μ draw
?
withdrawable
adj.ݴʣ
withdrawer
n.ʣ

= =
withhold
with.hold
AHD:[w1th-h?ld, w1Y-] 
D.J.[w!G6h*&ld, w!H-]
K.K.[w!G6hold, w!H-]
v.ʣ
with.held[-hld] with.hold.ing,with.holds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To keep in check; restrain.
ʹֹͣƣ赲
To refrain from giving, granting, or permitting.See Synonyms at keep 
ֹڣμ keep
To deduct (withholding tax) from an employee's salary.
ӹԱп۳۵˰
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To refrain or forbear.
ס
?
Middle English witholden 
йӢ witholden 
with [away from] * see  with 
with [뿪] *μ with
holden [to hold] * see  hold 1
holden [ץס] *μ hold1
?
withholder
n.ʣ

= =
within
with.in
AHD:[w1Y-1n, w1th-] 
D.J.[w!H6!n, w!G-]
K.K.[w!H6!n, w!G-]
adv.ʣ
In or into the inner part; inside.
ڡ֮ڣڻ棻ڲ
Inside the mind, heart, or soul; inwardly.
棬Уġ˼У
prep.ʣ
In the inner part or parts of; inside:
ڡ棬ڡڲ
resentment seething within him.
ķ
Inside the limits or extent of in time or distance:
ڡΧڣʱƻΧ֮ڣ
arrived within two days; stayed within earshot; within ten miles of home.
֮ڵ֮أʮӢ֮
Inside the fixed limits of; not beyond:
ڼȶ֮ڣ
lived within her income.
Ϊ
In the scope or sphere of:
ڡΧڣڡ
acted within the law; within the medical profession.
ڷΧڻҽѧרҵ
Inside a specified amount or degree:
ȷķΧ̶ڣ
The team had pulled to within five points of winning.
öӮ־Ϳɻʤ
n.ʣ
An inner position, place, or area:
ڲλáص
treachery from within.
ڲթ
?
Middle English withinne 
йӢ withinne 
from Old English withinnan 
Դ Ӣ withinnan 
with [with] * see  with 
with [] *μ with
innan [from within]  from in [in] * see  in 1
innan [ڲ]  Դ in [ڡ] *μ in1

= =
without
with.out
AHD:[w1Y-out, w1th-] 
D.J.[w!H6a&t, w!G-]
K.K.[w!H6a&t, w!G-]
adv.ʣ
On the outside:
ⲿ
a sturdy structure within and without.
ⶼ̵ܼĽṹ
With something absent or lacking:
ȱ٣ûлȱ١£
had to do without.
ûֻ
prep.Abbr. w/oʣд w/o
Not having; lacking:
ûУȱ٣
a family without a car.
ûļͥ
Not accompanied by; in the absence of:
û飻ûС
volunteered without hesitation; spoke without thinking.
ԥԸ£ѿڶ
At, on, to, or toward the outside or exterior of:
棻棻ⲿ
standing without the door.
վ
conj.Regional Ӵʣġ 
Unless:
ǣ
You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name ofThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer  (Mark Twain)
ûжһķռ ĻͲ֪ҡ (ˡ)
?
Middle English withoute 
йӢ withoute 
from Old English with?n 
Դ Ӣ with?n 
with [with] * see  with 
with [] *μ with?n [from without]  from ?t [out] * see  out ?n []  Դ ?t [] *μ out

= =
withstand
with.stand
AHD:[w1th-st2nd, w1Y-] 
D.J.[w!G6st#nd, w!H-]
K.K.[w!G6st#nd, w!H-]
v.ʣ
with.stood[-st?d] with.stand.ing,with.stands 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To oppose with force or resolution.
ػоĵط
To be successful in resisting.See Synonyms at oppose 
סɹصסμ oppose
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To resist or endure successfully.
͵ס𣺳ɹصסס
?
Middle English withstanden 
йӢ withstanden 
from Old English withstandan 
Դ Ӣ withstandan 
with [against] * see  with 
with [Կ] *μ with
standan [to stand] * see  stand 
standan [վ] *μ stand
?
withstander
n.ʣ

= =
witness
wit.ness
AHD:[w1tn1s] 
D.J.[6w!tn!s]
K.K.[6w!tn!s]
n.ʣ
One who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced:
Ŀߣ֤ˣܹйؿ¼ĵһˣ
a witness to the accident.
¹ʵĿ
One who furnishes evidence.
֤ˣ֤ݵ
Something that serves as evidence; a sign.
֤ݣ֤ݵĶ
Law 
ɡ 
One who is called on to testify before a court.
֤ˣ֤ͥ
One who is called on to be present at a transaction in order to attest to what takes place.
֤ˣٵĳֳ֤µ
One who signs one's name to a document for the purpose of attesting to its authenticity.
֤ˣһļǩԱ֤ʵԵ
An attestation to a fact, a statement, or an event; testimony.
֤ԣһʵ¼֤֤
Witness A member of the Jehovah's Witnesses.
 Witness Үͻ֤Ա
v.ʣ
wit.nessed,wit.ness.ing,wit.ness.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To be present at or have personal knowledge of.
ϯ֪
To take note of; observe.
¼۲
To provide or serve as evidence of.See Synonyms at indicate 
ṩΪ֤ݲμ indicate
To testify to; bear witness.
֤֤
To be the setting or site of:
Ϊص㣺
This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies.
ϵھйε
To attest to the legality or authenticity of by signing one's name to.
Ϊǩˣͨڡǩ֤ϷԻʵ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To furnish or serve as evidence; testify.
֤֤ṩ֤ݣΪ֤ݣ֤
To testify to one's religious beliefs.
֤֤Լڽ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English 
Դ Ӣ 
from wit [knowledge] * see  wit 1
Դ wit [֪ʶ] *μ wit1
?
witnesser
n.ʣ

= =
wolf
wolf
AHD:[w?lf] 
D.J.[w&lf]
K.K.[w&lf]
n.ʣ
 wolves[w?lvz]  
Either of two carnivorous mammals of the family Canidae, especially the gray wolf of northern regions, that typically live and hunt in hierarchical packs and prey on livestock and game 
animals.
ǣȮʳⲸ鶯еһָ֣ĻǣҪֵȼȺʳݺҰ
The fur of such an animal.
ƤֶëƤ
Any of various similar or related mammals, such as the hyena.
ǵĶκƵĻصĲ鶯һ֣ǹ
The destructive larva of any of various moths, beetles, or flies.
к׳棺ֶꡢ׳Ӭк׳
One that is regarded as predatory, rapacious, and fierce.
ͽٵġӶĺ͵
Slang A man given to paying unwanted sexual attention to women.
ٵ ɫǣŮע
Music 
֡ 
A harshness in some tones of a bowed stringed instrument produced by defective vibration.
̶һЩ𵴲׼Ĵ̶
Dissonance in some intervals of a keyboard instrument tuned to a system of unequal temperament.
ЭӦϵͳļĳЩеĲЭ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
wolfed,wolf.ing,wolfs 
To eat greedily or voraciously:
̻ʣ̰ػسԣ
The town's big shots were . . . wolfing down the buffet(Ralph Ellison)
ϵҪ̻ʵس͡(򡤰ɭ)
?
keep the wolf from the doorٵ
To avoid the privation and suffering resulting from a lack of money:
ΪȱǮɵʹࣺ
Both spouses had to take jobs in order to keep the wolf from the door.
Ϊܼ֮࣬ò˫˫
wolf at the door
Creditors or a creditor.
ծȨ
wolf in sheep's clothing
One who feigns congeniality while actually holding malevolent intentions.
ƤǣװͶʵϻŶͼ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wulf * see  wk wo- 
Դ Ӣ wulf *μ wk wo- 
?
Wolf
Wolf
AHD:[v?lf] Baron Christian von 
D.J.[v%8lf]
K.K.[v%lf]
NONE޴ԣ
See  Baron Christian von Wolff 
μ  о ˹ٰ Wolff
?
Wolf
WolfFriedrich August (1759-1824)
NONE޴ԣ
German classical scholar who proposed that theIliad  and the Odyssey  are the work of several authors. 
ֶ򣬸׵ϣ¹˹أ(1759-1824) ¹ŵѧߣء  µ Ϊ߹ͬƷ 
?
Wolf
WolfHugo (1860-1903)
NONE޴ԣ
Austrian composer known for his musical settings of the poetry of Goethe and Italian and Spanish writers and for the operaDer Corregidor  (1895). 
ֶ(1860-1903) µңΪºҵʫ硶١ 1895ֶ꣩ 

= =
woman
wom.an
AHD:[w?mn] 
D.J.[6w&m*n]
K.K.[6w&m*n]
n.ʣ
 wom.en[w1m1n]  
An adult female human being.
ŮˣŮԳ
Women considered as a group; womankind:
ŮˣܳƣΪһȺŮˣŮ
Woman feels the invidious distinctions of sex exactly as the black man does those of color(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
ŮܵӴܵӲ޲족(ɯסϡ˹̹)
An adult female human being belonging to a specified occupation, group, nationality, or other category. Often used in combination:
Ůˣһضְҵ塢ĳŮࡣںϳɴʣ
Englishwoman; congresswoman; saleswoman.
ӢŮˣŮԱŮԱ
Feminine quality or aspect; womanliness.
ŮŮζ
A female servant or subordinate.
Ůӵ˻Ů
Informal 
ʽ 
A wife.

A lover or sweetheart.
˻
A representative, as of a company.
繫˾
n.attributive.ʣ
Often used to modify another noun:
һʣ
a woman athlete; a woman electrician.
Ů˶ԱŮ繤ʦ
?
(one's) own woman
Independent in judgment or action:
жϻж϶Ůˣ
She has always been her own woman.
һܶ
to a woman
Without exception.
û
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wimman 
Դ Ӣ wimman 
variant of won 
 wo 
wof [woman] 
wof [Ů] 
man [person] * see  man 
man [] *μ man
?
womanless
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wonder
won.der
AHD:[w?ndr] 
D.J.[6wJnd*]
K.K.[6wJnd+]
n.ʣ
One that arouses awe, astonishment, surprise, or admiration; a marvel:
죺η졢Ľԭ֮£
The decision of one age or country is a wonder to another(John Stuart Mill)
һʱһҵľһʱһ˾֮¡(Լ˹ͼء׶)
The emotion aroused by something awe-inspiring, astounding, or marvelous:
죬棺ĳЩʹηηġ˾Ļƽ
gazed with wonder at the northern lights.
עű
An event inexplicable by the laws of nature; a miracle.
漣Ȼ޷͵ʵ漣
A feeling of puzzlement or doubt.
Ի󲻽⣺Իɵĸо
Often Wonder A monumental human creation regarded with awe, especially one of seven monuments of the ancient world that appeared on various lists of late antiquity.
  Wonder ۣԾηĲഴ죬ָڽŸֱеĹŴߴ֮һ
v.ʣ
won.dered,won.der.ing,won.ders 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To have a feeling of awe or admiration; marvel:
Ծ棺־ηĽĸоԾ
She wondered at all the things civilization can teach a woman to endure(Frances Newman)
ڿԽ̸ŮܵһЩ(˹Ŧ)
To have a feeling of surprise.
棺оĸо
To be filled with curiosity or doubt.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
To feel curiosity or be in doubt about:
еɣ
wondered what was going on.
֪ڸʲô
adj.ݴʣ
Arousing awe or admiration.
ģηĽ
Wonderful.

Far superior to anything formerly recognized or foreseen.
ԶԤڵģԶԶԽκ֪ĻԤ
?
for a wonder
As a cause for surprise; surprisingly.
Ϊԭ򣻾
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wundor 
Դ Ӣ wundor 
?
wonderer
n.ʣ
?
wonder,marvel,miracle,phenomenon,prodigy,sensation
The central meaning shared by these nouns is one that evokes amazement or admiration: 
Щʹͬ˼ǡ㵻Ľԭ򡱣 
saw the wonders of Paris;
漣
a marvel of modern technology;
ִ漣
a miracle of culinary art;
֮
organ transplantation, a phenomenon of medical science;
ֲҽƿѧһ
a musical prodigy;
ͯ
a performance that was the sensation of the season. 
ڼչ 

= =
wonderful
won.der.ful
AHD:[w?ndr-fl] 
D.J.[6wJnd*f*l]
K.K.[6wJnd*f*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Capable of eliciting wonder; astonishing:
˵ģģ漣ģ˵ģ
The . . . whale is one of the most wonderful animals in the world(Charles Darwin)
Ķ֮һ(˹)
Admirable; excellent:
õģĽģɫģ
The spirit of the movement was wonderful. It was joyous and grave at the same time(Christabel Pankhurst)
˶ľ񼫺ãǿֵҲġ(˹˿˺˹)
?
wonderfully
adv.ʣ
wonderfulness
n.ʣ

= =
wood
wood 1
AHD:[w?d] 
D.J.[w&d]
K.K.[w&d]
n.Abbr. wd.ʣд wd.
The secondary xylem of trees and shrubs, lying beneath the bark and consisting largely of cellulose and lignin.
ľʣλƤµ͹ľĴľʲҪάʺľʹ
This tissue, often cut and dried especially for use as building material and fuel.
ľģⲿ֯ɣر𹩽Ϻȼ
Often woods A dense growth of trees; a forest.
  woods ֲ֣֣ɭ
An object made of wood, especially:
ľָľͷƳɵƷ
Music A woodwind.
֡ ľ
Sports A golf club used to hit long shots, having a wooden head numbered one to five in order of increasing loft.
˶ ľͷԶĸ߶бŴһľͷԻ
v.ʣ
wood.ed,wood.ing,woods 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fuel with wood.
ľȼ
To cover with trees; forest.
ľϣʹɭ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To gather or be supplied with wood.
£ṩľ
adj.ݴʣ
Made or consisting of wood; wooden.
ľƵģľͷƳɵĻľͷģľƵ
Used or suitable for cutting, storing, or working with wood.
ڻľŻ
woods Living, growing, or present in forests:
 woods ɭеģɭģ
woods animals; a woods path.
ɭеĶּС
?
out of the woodsʽ
Free of a difficult or hazardous situation; in a position of safety or security.
վѻΣյڰȫյλ
?
Middle English wode 
йӢ wode 
from Old English wudu 
Դ Ӣ wudu 
?
wood
wood 2
AHD:[w?d] 
D.J.[w&d]
K.K.[w&d]
adj.Archaic ݴʣ 
Mentally unbalanced; insane.
ϲƽģ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English w?d * see  wet- 1
Դ Ӣ w?d *μ wet- 1
?
Wood
Wood
AHD:[w?d] Grant (1892-1942) 
D.J.[w&d]
K.K.[w&d]
NONE޴ԣ
American artist noted for his paintings based on life in the Midwest, especiallyAmerican Gothic  (1930). 
£أ(1892-1942) ңΪĻָˡ 1930꣩ 
?
Wood
WoodLeonard (1860-1927)
NONE޴ԣ
American military leader and colonial administrator who was chief of staff of the U.S. Army (1910-1914) and governor-general of the Philippines (1921-1927).
£ɵ£(1860-1927) ӹԱֳͳߣı(1910-1914꣩ͷɱܶ(1921-1927꣩

= =
wooden
wood.en
AHD:[w?dn] 
D.J.[6w&dn]
K.K.[6w&d2]
adj.ݴʣ
Made or consisting of wood.
ľģľƵĻľ
Stiff and unnatural; without spirit:
ӲģȻģûоģ
a wooden performance; a wooden smile.
Ӳıݣ岻Ȼ΢Ц
Clumsy and awkward; ungainly.
׾ĺͲģŵ
?
woodenly
adv.ʣ
woodenness
n.ʣ

= =
wool
wool
AHD:[w?l] 
D.J.[w&l]
K.K.[w&l]
n.ʣ
The dense, soft, often curly hair forming the coat of sheep and certain other mammals, such as the goat and alpaca, consisting of cylindrical fibers of keratin covered by minute 
overlapping scales and much valued as a textile fabric.
ëŨܵġġëγ鶯ƤɽգɱϸصƬǵԲͲνάɣΪһ֯άʮ
A material or garment made of this hair.
ëƷëƳɵĲϻ
The furry hair of some insect larvae, such as the caterpillar.
׳ģëһЩ׳ëëë
A filamentous or fibrous covering or substance suggestive of the texture of true wool.
ë˿ʵġά״ıʣëʵ
?
Middle English wolle 
йӢ wolle 
from Old English wull 
Դ Ӣ wull 
?
wool
adj.ݴʣ

= =
woollen
wool.len
AHD:[w?ln] 
D.J.[6w&l*n]
K.K.[6w&l*n]
adj.ݴʣ
n.ʣ
Variant of woolen 
 woolenı

= =
word
word
AHD:[w?rd] 
D.J.[wT8d]
K.K.[wPd]
n.Abbr. wd.ʣд wd.
A sound or a combination of sounds, or its representation in writing or printing, that symbolizes and communicates a meaning and may consist of a single morpheme or of a 
combination of morphemes.
ʣ֣һĽϣдӡˢΪ򴫴һ˼Ҳһػ򼸸ص
Something said; an utterance, a remark, or a comment:
˵ĶԴǡۻ
May I say a word about that?
ҿԾʹ˵˵ҵĿ?
Computer Science A set of bits constituting the smallest unit of addressable memory.
ѧ ֣ɿѰַСλλ
words Discourse or talk; speech:
 words ݽ̸ݣ
Actions speak louder than words.
ж
words Music The text of a vocal composition; lyrics.
 words ֡ ʣƷĴʣ
An assurance or a promise; sworn intention:
Լ֤ŵԣĵͼ
She has kept her word.
ŵ
A command or direction; an order:
ָӣ
gave the word to retreat.

A verbal signal; a password or watchword.
򰵺
News:
Ϣ
Any word on your promotion?See Synonyms at news 
ǨϢ?μ news
Rumor:
ҥԣ
Word has it they're divorcing.
д˵ڰ
words Hostile or angry remarks made back and forth.
 words ˵еĻŭĻ
Word 
 Word 
See  Logos 
μ  Logos 
The Scriptures; the Bible.
ʥ飻ʥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
word.ed,word.ing,words 
To express in words:

worded the petition carefully.
ϸ
?
at a word
In immediate response.
ش
good word
A favorable comment:
ۣ
She put in a good word for me.
˵û
Favorable news.
Ϣ
have no words for
To be unable to describe or talk about.
޷̸
in a word
In short; in summary:
֮˵
In a word, the situation is serious.
֮ܶƺϾ
in so many words
In precisely those words; exactly:
 ȷԣȷеأ
hinted at impending indictments but did not say it in so many words.
ʾüݵߵûȷ˵
Speaking candidly and straightforwardly:
ֱ˵أ̹׵ءֱӵ˵ģ
In so many words, the weather has been beastly.
ֱ˵ɣһֱܶ
of few words
Not conversational or loquacious; laconic:
ģ̸Ļ򲻶ģģ
a person of few words.
Ե
of (one's) word
Displaying personal dependability:
ָ˿Եģ
a woman of her word.
ŵԵŮ
take at (one's) word
To be convinced of another's sincerity and act in accord with his or her statement:
 ĳ˵滰һ˵˵˵
We had to take them at their word that the job would be done on time.
ǲòǵĻ밴ʱ
upon my word
Indeed; really.
أ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  wer- 5
Դ Ӣ *μ wer- 5

= =
work
work
AHD:[w?rk] 
D.J.[wT8k]
K.K.[wPk]
n.Abbr. wk.ʣд wk.
Physical or mental effort or activity directed toward the production or accomplishment of something.
ĳĻŬ
A job; employment:
ְҵ
looking for work.
ҹ
A trade, profession, or other means of livelihood.
ҵҵְҵıķʽ
Something that one is doing, making, or performing, especially as an occupation or undertaking; a duty or task:
ְĳڸɡʵеĳ£ָΪְҵҵ
begin the day's work.
ʼһĹ
An amount of such activity either done or required:
Ҫֻ
a week's work.
һڵĹ
The part of a day devoted to an occupation or undertaking:
ʱ䣺һĳһְҵҵǲʱ䣺
met her after work.
°ͬ
One's place of employment:
칫ңĳ˴ְҵĵط
Should I call you at home or at work?
Ҹô绰һǰ칫?
Something that has been produced or accomplished through the effort, activity, or agency of a person or thing:
ɹĳͨ˻µŬöɻﵽ
This story is the work of an active imagination. Erosion is the work of wind, water, and time.
ǻĳɹʴǷ硢ˮʱĽ
Full action or effect of an agency:
ЧһõȫĻЧ
The sleeping pills did their work.
ҩЧ
An act; a deed:
Ϊ¼
I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity(Ecclesiastes 1:14)
Ѿ͸ϵΪһжαġ(1:14)
An artistic creation, such as a painting, sculpture, or literary or musical composition; a work of art.
ƷһĴ죬滭̻ѧƷƷ
works The output of a writer, an artist, or a musician considered or collected as a whole:
 works ƷҡһּұռΪһƷ
the works of Shakespeare.
ɯʿǵƷ
works Engineering structures, such as bridges or dams.
 works ̽ṹŻ
A fortified structure, such as a trench or fortress.
£ṹ纾
Needlework, weaving, lacemaking, or a similar textile art.
߻߻֯δƵķ֯
A piece of such textile art.
Ʒ֯Ʒһķ֯Ʒ
A material or piece of material being processed in a machine during manufacture:
ϣбӹһһϣ
work to be turned in the lathe.
ڳ
works (used with a sing. or pl. verb)A factory, plant, or similar building or complex of buildings where a specific type of business or industry is carried on. Often used in combination:
 works 뵥ãƵĽۺ¥ڴ˽͵ҵҵںϳɴʣ
a steelworks.
ֳ
works Internal mechanism:
 works ڲ
the works of a watch.
ֱеڲ
The manner, style, or quality of working or treatment; workmanship.
̬ȣƷʣգķʽ
Abbr. wPhysics The transfer of energy from one physical system to another, especially the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that moves the body in the direction of the force. It is calculated as the product of the force and the distance through which the body moves and is expressed in joules, ergs, and foot-pounds.
д wѧ һϵͳһϵͳת䣬ָͨʹ峯ķƶӦʹתƵͨƶľĳ˻ģýͳ߰ʾ
works Theology Moral or righteous acts or deeds:
 works ѧ УУµĻΪ¼
salvation by faith rather than works.
俿У翿
works 
 works 
Informal The full range of possibilities; everything. Used withthe : 
ʽ һУԵȫΧκ¡the ã 
ordered a pizza with the works.
ȫ׵ı
Slang A thorough beating or other severe treatment. Used withthe : 
ٵ ʹ򣺳׵ĿпŰthe ã 
took him outside and gave him the works.
ȥʹһ
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, designed for, or engaged in work.
ģģйصģΪƵģæڹ
v.ʣ
worked Ҳ wrought [r?t] work.ing,works 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To exert oneself physically or mentally in order to do, make, or accomplish something.
죬ʵ֣ʹԼԱɻĳ
To be employed; have a job.
ãй
To function; operate:
ã
How does this latch work?
ô?
To function or operate in the desired or required way:
糣תҪĻҪķʽûת
The telephone hasn't worked since the thunderstorm.
״绰Ͳ
To have a given effect or outcome:
ЧָЧ
Our friendship works best when we speak our minds.
ֱ޻ʱǵﵽ
To have the desired effect or outcome; prove successful:
ɹҪЧ֤ɹģ
This recipe seems to work.
ʳƺܳɹ
To exert an influence. Used withon  or upon : 
Ӱ죬áon  upon ã 
worked on her to join the group.
ʩӰ죬μ
To arrive at a specified condition through gradual or repeated movement:
𽥽УͨĻظĶﵽĳض״̬
The stitches worked loose.

To proceed or progress slowly and laboriously:
нн
worked through the underbrush.
ڰмǰ
To move in an agitated manner, as with emotion:
򼤶鶯ǣΪŸ飬һּķʽƶ
Her mouth worked with fear.
¶
To behave in a specified way when handled or processed:
ӹڴӹʱһķʽ֣
Not all metals work easily.
еĽ׼ӹ
To ferment.

Nautical 
 
To strain in heavy seas so that the joints give slightly and the fastenings become slack. Used of a boat or ship.
 ѣ˴ĺϳܾ޴ѹӴ΢ѣϵҲɣС
To sail against the wind.
纽
To undergo small motions that result in friction and wear:
ĥ𣺾С˶ĥĥģ
The gears work against each other.
ֻĥ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause or effect; bring about:
ɣɻӰ죻
working miracles.
漣
To cause to operate or function; actuate, use, or manage:
ʹлãתʹûУ
worked the controls; can work a lathe.
װãݳ
To shape or forge:
ܳɻ죺
worked the metal into a sculpture.
ѽͳһ
To make or decorate by needlework:
߻װΣ
work a sampler.

To solve (a problem) by calculation and reasoning.
ͨ⣩
To knead, stir, or otherwise manipulate in preparation:
࣬ࡢ׼ʱ
Work the dough before shaping it.
ʹ֮ǰ
To bring to a specified condition by gradual or repeated effort or work:
ﵽͨĻظŬﵽһض״̬
finally worked the window open; worked the slaves to death.
հѴ򿪣ū
To make, achieve, or pay for by work or effort:
ŬɣƾŬﵽ֧
worked her way to the top; worked his passage on the ship.
ͨȨλԵ·ڴŪһͨ
Informal To arrange or contrive. Often used withit : 
ʽ Żơit һã 
worked it so that her weekends are free.
ĩ
To make productive; cultivate:
ʹֲ
work a farm.
Ӫũ
To cause to work:
ʹ
works his laborers hard.
ĹŬ
To excite or provoke:
ɿ
worked the mob into a frenzy.
ʹЩڷ
Informal 
ʽ 
To gratify, cajole, or enchant artfully, especially for the purpose of influencing:
壬ʹԣʹˣջƭʹָΪӰĿģ
The politician worked the crowd. The comedian worked the room with flawless rhythm.
˵ڡϷԱȱĽӰȫݵ
To use or manipulate to one's own advantage; exploit:
ãûĳ˵ƣã
learned how to work the system; worked his relatives for sympathy.
ѧϵͳǵͬ
To carry on an operation or a function in or through:
ִʹЧ
the agent who works that area; working the phones for donations.
Ĵ̣绰
To ferment (liquor, for example).
ͣƣ

work in
To insert or introduce:

worked in a request for money.
һתҪǮ
To make an opening for, as in a schedule:
壺Ϊᣬճ̱У
said the doctor would try to work her in.
˵Ϊʱ俴
To cause to be inserted by repeated or continuous effort.
Ŭ룺Ļ򲻶ϵŬʹȥ
work into
To insert or introduce into.

To make an opening for (someone or something) in:
Ϊĳ˻ĳ᣺
worked a few field trips into the semester's calendar.
ڱѧڵճ̱ʵؿ
To cause to be inserted in by repeated or continuous effort:
Ŭ룺ظĻ򲻶ϵŬʹ嵽ȥ
worked the pick into the lock.
ļͷ߲嵽ȥ
work off
To get rid of by work or effort:
ͨŬ
work off extra pounds; work off a debt.
ù峥ծ
work out
To accomplish by work or effort.
ͨŬ
To find a solution for; solve:
ҵ𣻽
worked out the equations; worked out their personal differences.
ʽҵǸ˵
To formulate or develop:
ƶ
work out a plan.
ƶƻ
To discharge (an obligation or a debt) with labor in place of money.
Ǯծ
To prove successful, effective, or satisfactory:
ɹ⣺֤ɹġЧĻģ
The new strategy may not work out.
սҲЧ
To have a specified result:
ضĽ
The ratio works out to an odd number. It worked out that everyone left on the same train.
ÿ˶ͬһл뿪
To engage in strenuous exercise for physical conditioning.
壺Ϊ״̬ڼĶ
To exhaust (a mine, for example).
ľ
work over
To do for a second time; rework.
£¼ӹ£
Slang To inflict severe physical damage on; beat up.
ٵ ʹ򣺸˺ʹ
work up
To arouse the emotions of; excite.
Уʹ˷
To increase one's skill, responsibility, efficiency, or status through work:
𲽷չ𲽽ͨĳ˵ļɡΡЧʻλ
worked up to 30 sit-ups a day; worked up to store manager.
𽥽ÿ30̵꾭ְλ
To intensify gradually:
ǿ
The film works up to a thrilling climax.
Ӱ𽥷չ˾㤵ĸ߳
To develop or produce by mental or physical effort:
ŬٳɣĻŬչ
worked up a patient profile; worked up an appetite.
˵ļ¼Ŭθ

at work
Engaged in labor; working:
æͶڹ
I'm at work on a new project now.
æһ¹
In operation:
ʵУ
inflationary forces at work in the economy.
ھͨ͵
in the works
In preparation; under development:
׼УչУ
has a novel in the works.
һС˵
out of work
Without a job; unemployed.
ûйģδõ
put in work
To perform labor or duties, as on a specified project:
¹һضĿͶ
put in work on the plastering.
ͿĹ
work both sides of the street
To engage in double-dealing; be duplicitous.
ķǵģĿڲһ
work like a charm
To function very well or have a very good effect or outcome.
еرûкܺõЧ
work (one's) fingers to the bone
To labor extremely hard; toil or travail.
ŬعͻͿ

Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weorc * see  werg- 
Դ Ӣ weorc *μ werg- 

work,labor,toil,drudgery,travail
These nouns refer to physical or mental effort expended to produce or accomplish something.
ЩָŬĳ¡
 Work   is the most widely applicable;it can refer both to the activity and the output of persons, machines, and the forces of nature: 
 Work  ;ģָˡȻĻͽ 
Which of us . . . is to do the hard and dirty work for the restand for what pay?  (John Ruskin). 
е һΪ˸۵ĻʲôΪ?  Լ˹𣩡 
A work that aspires . . . to the condition of art should carry its justification in every line  (Joseph Conrad).
 һߵεĹӦڸ塱 Լɪ򡤿£
 Labor   usually implies human work,especially of a hard physical or intellectual nature: 
 Labor  ָͨĹָмѵʵġ 
a youth of labor with an age of ease  (Oliver Goldsmith); 
 Ͷߡ ʷ˹ 
where men must beg with bated breath for leave to . . . garner the fruits of their own labors  (Roger Casement).
 Ǳס뿪ȡԼͶʵ  ޽ܡ˹أ
 Toil   applies principally to strenuous, fatiguing labor: 
 Toil  ָԭڷܵġƣĹ 
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat  (Winston S. Churchill).
 һ޳Ѫ͡ˮͺˮ  ˹S.𼪶
 Drudgery   suggests dull, wearisome, or monotonous work: 
 Drudgery  ġʹƣĻ򵥵ζĹ 
the drudgery of penning definitions and marking quotations for transcription  (Macaulay).
 дͱԵĿ﹤  
 Travail   connotes arduous work involving pain or suffering: 
 Travail  漰ʹĥѵķ 
I have had my labor for my travail  (Shakespeare).
 ѰԼͶ׸Ĺ ɯʿǣ

Work
Work
AHD:[w?rk] Henry Clay (1832-1884) 
D.J.[wT8k]
K.K.[wPk]
NONE޴ԣ
American songwriter noted for his Union compositions during the Civil War, including Babylon Is Fallen (1863).
ֿˣ(1832-1884) ңսеĴͱױƷ(1863꣩

= =
worker
work.er
AHD:[w?rkr] 
D.J.[6wT8k*]
K.K.[6wPk+]
n.ʣ
One who works at a particular occupation or activity:
ߣĳһضְҵˣ
an office worker.
ϰ
One who does manual or industrial labor.
͹ˣҵͶ
A member of the working class.
˽׼һԱ
A member of a colony of social insects such as ants, bees, wasps, or termites, usually a sterile female but often a sexually immature individual of either sex, that performs specialized 
work such as building the nest, collecting and storing food, and feeding other members of the colony.
ϣ䣺ȺеһԱϡ۷䡢ƷϣͨǲĴԣҲδĸ壬ʹռʳרŵĹι
ȺеԱ

= =
workman
work.man
AHD:[w?rkmn] 
D.J.[6wT8km*n]
K.K.[6wPkm*n]
n.ʣ
A man who performs manual or industrial labor for wages.
ˣΪʶҵͶ
A craftsman or an artisan.

?
Workman
Work.man
AHD:[w?rkmn] Fanny Bullock (1859-1925) 
D.J.[6wT8km*n]
K.K.[6wPkm*n]
NONE޴ԣ
American explorer and writer. With her husbandWilliam Hunter Workman  (1847-1937) she wrote several accounts of their travels, including Through Town and Jungle  (1904) and In the 
Ice World of Himlaya  (1900). 
ֿᡤˣ(1859-1925) ̽ռҺҡͬɷءֿ (1847-1937꣩дǵμǣ ͨȴ֡ 1904꣩ ϲɽ
ϵıѩ硷 1900꣩ 

= =
workshop
work.shop
AHD:[w?rksh?p] 
D.J.[6wT8k7.Kp]
K.K.[6wPk7.$p]
n.ʣ
A room, an area, or a small establishment where manual or light industrial work is done.
ֹṤҵͶķ䡢СĽ
An educational seminar or series of meetings emphasizing interaction and exchange of information among a usually small number of participants:
ϰᣬۻ᣺һǿϢͨȽٵĲ֮Ľ뽻Ľֿλһϵл飺
a creative writing workshop.
ߴдֻ

= =
world
world
AHD:[w?rld] 
D.J.[wT8ld]
K.K.[wPld]
n.ʣ
The earth.

The universe.

The earth with its inhabitants.

The inhabitants of the earth; the human race.
ľ
Humankind considered as social beings; human society:
᣺˵ࣻ᣺
turned her back on the world.
ص
People as a whole; the public:
ˣΪǣڣ
The event amazed the world.
¼
Often World A specified part of the earth:
  World ϵĳһض
the Western World.

A part of the earth and its inhabitants as known at a given period in history:
磺ĳһָʷʱڵĵϵһּ
the ancient world.
Ŵ
A realm or domain:
أ
the animal world; the world of imagination.
磻
A sphere of human activity or interest:
Ȥ
the world of sports.

A class or group of people with common characteristics or pursuits:
磬һײһȺйͬص׷ˣ
the scientific world.
ѧ
A particular way of life:
ʽ
the world of the homeless.
޼ҿɹߵʽ
All that relates to or affects the life of a person:
ȫһиһ˵йػӰĶ
He saw his world collapse about him.
ڱ
Secular life and its concerns:
ף׵£
a man of the world.

Human existence; life:
Ĵڣ
brought a child into the world.

A state of existence:
״̬
the next world.

Often worlds A large amount; much:
  worlds ࣺ
did her a world of good; candidates that are worlds apart on foreign policy.
ܶô⽻зܴĺѡ
A celestial body such as a planet:
壬ǣ
the possibility of life on other worlds.
Ͽܴڵ
adj.ݴʣ
Of or relating to the world:
ģĻйصģ
a world champion.
ھ
Involving or extending throughout the entire world:
ȫģչģ
a world crisis.
Σ
?
for all the world
In all respects; precisely:
أ׼ȷأ
She looked for all the world like a movie star.
ȷӰ
in the world
Used as an intensive:
ǿʣ
How in the world did they manage? I never in the world would have guessed.
Ǿ쵽?Ҳ²
out of this worldʽ
Extraordinary; superb:
رģģ
The dinner was out of this world.
Ͱ
the world over
Throughout the world:
鼰ȫ磺
known the world over.
ȫ
world without end
Forever.
Զ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weorold * see  wo-ro- 
Դ Ӣ weorold *μ wo-ro- 

= =
worm
worm
AHD:[w?rm] 
D.J.[wT8m]
K.K.[wPm]
n.ʣ
Any of various invertebrates, as those of the phyla Annelida, Nematoda, Nemertea, or Platyhelminthes, having a long, flexible, rounded or flattened body, often without obvious 
appendages.
棺޼׵еһ֣绷ڶš߳ࡢŦζζţгġġԲĻƽ壬ûԵĸ֫
Any of various crawling insect larvae, such as a grub or a caterpillar, having a soft, elongated body.
׳棺׳һ֣ëë棬ģϸ
Any of various unrelated animals, such as the shipworm or the slowworm, resembling a worm in habit or appearance.
ĶֲصĶеһ֣紬ϰԻ
Something, such as the thread of a screw or the spiral condenser in a still, that resembles a worm in form or appearance.
״Ʒĳ߻ڹɻ
The spirally threaded shaft of a worm gear.
ƣֵĿߵı
An insidiously tormenting or devouring force:
Ǳĺڰһְʹ˿յĻ̰
felt the black worm of treachery growing in his heart(Mario Puzo)
һֺڰı(¡)
A person regarded as pitiable or contemptible.
Ϊɱɵ
worms Pathology Infestation of the intestines or other parts of the body with worms or wormlike parasites; helminthiasis.
 worms ѧ 没ļڴСֵֺ没
Computer Science A program that replicates itself and interferes with software function or destroys stored information.
ѧ 没һƲܻƻϢĳ
v.ʣ
wormed,worm.ing,worms 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make (one's way) with or as if with the sinuous crawling motion of a worm.
У˶ǰ
To work (one's way or oneself) subtly or gradually; insinuate:
룺ػصػ򽥽شﵽԼĿģػؽ룺
She wormed her way into his confidence.
ȡ
To elicit by artful or devious means. Usually used without of : 
̽ͨɵĻֱķʽճͨͬout of  
wormed a confession out of the suspect.
ɷճڹ
To cure of intestinal worms.
Ƴ没
Nautical To wrap yarn or twine spirally around (rope).
 ʽؾ߻ʽز
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To move in a manner suggestive of a worm.
ƶʹ뵽ķʽƶ
To make one's way by artful or devious means:
мɵؽԽթĻֱֶǰ
He can't worm out of this situation.
ûа취
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wurm 
Դ Ӣ wurm 
variant of wyrm * see  wer- 2
 wyrmı *μ wer- 2
?
WORM
WORM
abbr.
 Computer Science write once, read many 
ѧ write once, read many

= =
worry
wor.ry
AHD:[w?r?, w?r?] 
D.J.[6wT8ri8, 6wJri8]
K.K.[6wPri, 6wJri]
v.ʣ
wor.ried[w?r?d, w?r-] wor.ry.ing,wor.ries[w?r?z, w?r-]  
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To feel uneasy or concerned about something; be troubled.See Synonyms at brood 
ǣΪĳ¸еģղμ brood
To pull or tear at something with or as if with the teeth.
˺ҧûϻ˺ĳ
To proceed doggedly in the face of difficulty or hardship; struggle:
ܶѻǰӣܶ
worried along at the problem.
һֱΪ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause to feel anxious, distressed, or troubled.See Synonyms at trouble 
ʹգʹеǡɥղμ trouble
To bother or annoy, as with petty complaints.
ţһСίʹ
To seize with the teeth and shake or tug at repeatedly:
˺ҧҧҡλ
a dog worrying a bone.
˺ŹͷĹ
To attack roughly and repeatedly; harass.
ɧţϴֱϮĥ
To touch, move, or handle idly; toy with:
ŪеһŲһŲ£Ū
worrying the loose tooth with his tongue.
ͷŪǿɶ
n.ʣ
 wor.ries 
The act of worrying or the condition of being worried; persistent mental uneasiness.See Synonyms at anxiety 
ǣգǵΪڵǵ״һֱ񲻰μ anxiety
A source of nagging concern or uneasiness.
ǵ£˷ղĵǻ򲻰ԭ
?
not to worry
There is nothing to worry about; there is no need to be concerned:
ûʲôɵĵģûҪżģ
But not to worry: it all . . . falls into place in the book's second half, where the language is plainer(Hallowell Bowser)
ģȫĺ벿֣ǶǳһЩ(Τɪ)
?
Middle English werien, worien [to strangle] 
йӢ werien, worien [ƣ] 
from Old English wyrgan * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ wyrgan *μ wer- 2
?
worrier
n.ʣ
?
Don't worry is a much milder injunction than it once would have been,for the wordworry  has softened its sense greatly over the course of its history.  Its Old English 
ancestor,wyrgan,  meant to strangle. Its Middle English descendant,worien,  kept this sense and developed the new sense to grasp by the throat with the teeth and lacerate or 
to kill or injure by biting and shaking. This is the way wolves or dogs might attack sheep, for example.In the 16th centuryworry  began to be used in the sense to harass, as by 
rough treatment or attack, or to assault verbally, and in the 17th century the word took on the sense to bother, distress, or persecute.It was a small step from this sense to 
the main modern senses to cause to feel anxious or distressed and to feel troubled or uneasy, first recorded in the 19th century.
ȥȣġ仰ζ࣬ΪʷıǨworry ʵġԡζˡ Ӣеǰwyrgan, Ϊɱ Ӣ
еworien ˼һ˼ҧס˺ѡҧס˦ɱ˺ 磬ǻϮķʽ16ͣworry ʼС
ֱֶλϮʽɧšͷ˼ 17ʲˡšʹǺͷš˼19ͣǰչһ㣬ڵҪ˼
ʹеǻʹࡱ͡еջ򲻰

= =
worse
worse
AHD:[w?rs] 
D.J.[wT8s]
K.K.[wPs]
adj.ݴʣ
 bad1 illıȽϼʽ 
More inferior, as in quality, condition, or effect.
ģЧ
More severe or unfavorable.
صģϾĻ
Being further from a standard; less desirable or satisfactory.
ģȱ׼øԶģĻ˲
Being in poorer health; more ill.
ģ״񻯵ģص
n.ʣ
Something that is worse:

Of the two routes, the eastern one is the worse. She was accused of cheating on exams, lying, and worse.
·ָף˵
adv.ʣ
 badlyıȽϼʽ,ill 
In a worse manner; to a worse degree.
أԸķʽﵽĳ̶
?
for better or (for) worse
Whether the situation or consequences be good or ill:
ܺûǺǻ
For better or worse, he trusts everyone.
ôÿ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wyrsa * see  wers- 
Դ Ӣ wyrsa *μ wers- 

= =
worship
wor.ship
AHD:[w?rsh1p] 
D.J.[6wT8.!p]
K.K.[6wP.!p]
n.ʣ
The reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol, or a sacred object.
ݣżʥоηȰȳ
The ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is expressed.
ʽְĵڽʽ
Ardent devotion; adoration.
ҵĳݣ羴
Often Worship Chiefly British Used as a form of address for magistrates, mayors, and certain other dignitaries:
  Worship Ӣ £ڳƺط١гضҪ
Your Worship.

v.ʣ
wor.shiped  wor.shipped wor.ship.ing  wor.ship.ping wor.ships  wor.ships  
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To honor and love as a deity.
ݣһ羴Ȱ
To regard with ardent or adoring esteem or devotion.See Synonyms at revere 1
أҵġĳݻؿμ revere1
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To participate in religious rites of worship.
μݣμӱʾݵڽʽ
To perform an act of worship.
ݣʵгݵ˶
?
Middle English worshipe [worthiness, honor] 
йӢ worshipe [ֵ] 
from Old English weorthscipe 
Դ Ӣ weorthscipe 
weorth [worth] * see  worth 1
weorth [ֵ] *μ worth1
-scipe [-ship] 
-scipe [״̬] 
?
worshiper  
worshipper
n.ʣ

= =
worst
worst
AHD:[w?rst] 
D.J.[wT8st]
K.K.[wPst]
adj.ݴʣ
 bad1 ill߼ʽ 
Most inferior, as in quality, condition, or effect.
ģЧ
Most severe or unfavorable.
صģϾĻ
Being furthest from an ideal or a standard; least desirable or satisfactory.
˲ģ׼ԶģĻ˲
adv.ʣ
 badly߼ʽ,ill 
In the worst manner or degree.
أķʽﵽĳ̶
v.tr.ﶯʣ
worst.ed,worst.ing,worsts 
To gain the advantage over; defeat.
ʤܣ֮Ӯƣ
n.ʣ
Something that is worst.

?
at (the) worst
Under the most negative circumstances, estimation, or interpretation:
ʽ£ӵĻصĹ£Ľ£
At worst, the storm will make us postpone the trip.
ĹǱʹƳг
get the worst of it 
have the worst of it
To suffer a defeat or disadvantage.
ʧܻʧ
if (the) worst comes to (the) worst
If the very worst thing happens.
·
in the worst wayʽ
Very much; a great deal:
ǳأʮֵأ
wanted to be elected in the worst way.
뵱ѡ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wyrsta * see  wers- 
Դ Ӣ wyrsta *μ wers- 

= =
worth
worth 1
AHD:[w?rth] 
D.J.[wT8G]
K.K.[wPG]
n.ʣ
The quality that renders something desirable, useful, or valuable:
ֵʹĳúġûмֵƷʣ
the worth of higher education.
ߵȽļֵ
Material or market value:
ۣмۣ
stocks having a worth of ten million dollars.
ֵһǧԪĹƱ
A quantity of something that may be purchased for a specified sum or by a specified means:
ضĵֵضضʽɹĳ
ten dollars' worth of natural gas; wanted their money's worth.
ֵʮԪȻҪǵĻҼֵ
Wealth; riches:
ƲƸ
her net worth.
ʵʲƲ
Quality that commands esteem or respect; merit:
£Ʒ˾ػصƷʣŵ㣺
a person of great worth.
иƷµ
adj.ݴʣ
Equal in value to something specified:
ֵģضĳֵȵģ
worth its weight in gold.
صĻƽֵ
Deserving of; meriting:
ֵõģӦõģ
a proposal not worth consideration.
ֵÿǵ᰸
Having wealth or riches amounting to:
ռУеڡĲƲ룺
a person worth millions.
۰
?
for all (one) is worth
To the utmost of one's powers or ability.
ȫĳļ
for what it's worth
Even though it may not be important or valuable:
ۺûʹܲҪֵ
Here's my advice, for what it's worth.
ҵĽ飬ܿô
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English weorth * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ weorth *μ wer- 2
?
worth
worth 2
AHD:[w?rth] 
D.J.[wT8G]
K.K.[wPG]
v.intr.ﶯʣ
worthed,worth.ing,worths  
To befall; betide:
٣
Howl ye, Woe worth the day!(Ezekiel 30:2)
غɣҽڽ!(30:2)
?
Middle English worthen 
йӢ worthen 
from Old English weorthan * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ weorthan *μ wer- 2

= =
worthy
wor.thy
AHD:[w?rY?] 
D.J.[6wT8Hi8]
K.K.[6wPHi]
adj.ݴʣ
wor.thi.er,wor.thi.est 
Having worth, merit, or value; useful or valuable.
мֵģмֵŵģõĻмֵ
Honorable; admirable:
ɾģֵ𾴵ģֵģ
a worthy fellow.
ɾ
Having sufficient worth; deserving:
ֵõģгֵּģõõģ
worthy to be revered; worthy of acclaim.
ֵ𾴵ģֵó޵
n.ʣ
 wor.thies 
An eminent or distinguished person.
ܳΰˣܳĻ׿
?
worthily
adv.ʣ
worthiness
n.ʣ

= =
worthless
worth.less
AHD:[w?rthl1s] 
D.J.[6wT8Gl!s]
K.K.[6wPGl!s]
adj.ݴʣ
Lacking worth; of no use or value.
޼ֵģֵõģõĻ޼ֵ
Low; despicable.
ɵģȱƷʵģɵ
?
worthlessly
adv.ʣ
worthlessness
n.ʣ

= =
worthwhile
worth.while
AHD:[w?rthhwol, -wol] 
D.J.[6wT8G6hwa!l, -6wa!l]
K.K.[6wPG6hwa!l, -6wa!l]
adj.ݴʣ
Sufficiently valuable or important to be worth one's time, effort, or interest.
ֵõģǳõĻҪĶֵúķʱ䡢ͶȤ
?
worthwhileness
n.ʣ

= =
would
would
AHD:[w?d] 
D.J.[w&d]
K.K.[w&d]
v.aux.ʣ
 will2Ĺȥʽ  
Used after a statement of desire, request, or advice:
ڱԸĳ֮
I wish you would stay.
ϣ
Used to make a polite request:
ò
Would you go with me?
Ըһȥ?
Used to indicate uncertainty:
ʾȷ֮⣺
It would seem to be getting warmer.See Usage Note at if 
ƺøů˲μ if

= =
wound
wound 1
AHD:[w?nd] 
D.J.[wu8nd]
K.K.[wund]
n.ʣ
An injury, especially one in which the skin or other external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken.
ˣ˿ڣָƤ㱻˺ѡˡ˻ʽƻɵ
An injury to the feelings.
˺ϵĴ
v.ʣ
wound.ed,wound.ing,wounds 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To inflict wounds or a wound on.
˺ʹ˿ʩʹ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To inflict wounds or a wound:
ʹ˺ʹ˿ʩʹࣺ
harsh criticism that wounds.
ʹ˺
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English wund * see  wen- 2
Դ Ӣ wund *μ wen- 2
?
woundedly
adv.ʣ
woundingly
adv.ʣ
?
wound
wound 2
AHD:[wound] 
D.J.[wa&nd]
K.K.[wa&nd]
v.ʣ
Past tense and past participle of wind 2
 windĹȥʽ͹ȥִ2
?
wound
wound 3
AHD:[wound] 
D.J.[wa&nd]
K.K.[wa&nd]
v.Music ʣ֡ 
A past tense and a past participle of wind 3
 windĹȥʽ͹ȥִ3

= =
wrap
wrap
AHD:[r2p] 
D.J.[r#p]
K.K.[r#p]
v.ʣ
wrapped  wrapt [r2pt] wrap.ping,wraps 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To arrange or fold (something) about as cover or protection:
۵ĳΪף
She wrapped her fur coat closely about herself.
Ƥ°Լ
To cover, envelop, or encase, as by folding or coiling something about:
ƣǡװ䣬ͨ۵ĳ
wrapped my head in a scarf.
ͷסҵͷ
To enclose, especially in paper, and fasten:
װָֽϵ
wrap a package; wrapped up the peelings.
ѹƤ
To clasp, fold, or coil about something:
סĳ
She wrapped her arms about his neck.
ø첲§סĲ
To envelop and obscure:
֣סʹ
Fog wrapped the city.

To surround or involve in a specified quality or atmosphere:
ΣΧƻںһضʻУ
The plan was wrapped in secrecy.
ƻܵؽ
To engross:
ʹȫע
She was wrapped in thought.
ȫע˼
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To coil or twist about or around something:
ƣƻĳϣ
The flag wrapped around the pole.
Ӳ
To put on warm clothing. Usually used withup.  
·ů͵·ͨup  
To conclude filming:
ɱࣺƣ
The movie is scheduled to wrap next week.
ⲿƬӼƻɱ
n.ʣ
A garment to be wrapped or folded about a person, especially an outer garment such as a robe, cloak, shawl, or coat.
ף磺ڻΧϵ·ָ֣ۡ멡
A blanket.
ë̺
A wrapping or wrapper.
װϣװϻ֮
The completion of filming on a movie.
Ӱӳ֮
?
wrap up
To bring to a conclusion; settle finally or successfully:
óۣջɹؽ
wrap up a business deal.
һʽ
To summarize; recapitulate.
ܽᣬ
?
under wrapsʽ
Secret or concealed:
ܵģģ
The news was kept under wraps for the three-day weekend(Boston Globe)
Ϣĩ족(ʿٻ)
wrapped up in
Completely immersed or absorbed in:
ȫעڣȫڻרעڣ
She is wrapped up in her studies.
ͷ
Involved in:
ǣ
They were wrapped up in criminal activities.
ӷ
?
Middle English wrappen * see  wer- 2
йӢ wrappen *μ wer- 2

= =
wreath
wreath
AHD:[r?th] 
D.J.[ri8G]
K.K.[riG]
n.ʣ
 wreaths[r?Yz, r?ths]  
A ring or circlet of flowers, boughs, or leaves worn on the head, placed on a memorial, or hung as a decoration.
ڣȦʻ֦ҶƶɵĻȦͷϡڼǰװ
A representation of this ring or circlet, as in woodwork.
ȦλȦεľƷ
A curling or circular form:
״ԲΣ
a wreath of smoke.
Ȧ
?
Middle English wrethe 
йӢ wrethe 
from Old English writha [band] * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ writha [] *μ wer- 2

= =
wreck
wreck
AHD:[rk] 
D.J.[rek]
K.K.[rWk]
n.ʣ
The act of wrecking or the state of being wrecked; destruction.
ʧ£ݻٵĶ򱻴ݻٵ״̬
Accidental destruction of a ship; a shipwreck.
ѡѴٻʧ
The stranded hulk of a severely damaged ship.
ѴĲкػٻǳĴ
Fragments of a ship or its cargo cast ashore by the sea after a shipwreck; wreckage.
ʧ´ĲкƯʧº󣬱嵽ߵĴֻػƬк
The remains of something that has been wrecked or ruined.
кĳﱻƻݻٺĲ
Something shattered or dilapidated.
⵽ٻ
A person who is physically or mentally broken down or worn out.
ˣʧǵˣϻϱ򼫶
v.ʣ
wrecked,wreck.ing,wrecks 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To cause the destruction of in or as if in a collision.
ƻٻڻײ»ٻ
To dismantle or raze; tear down.
ٻݻ٣
To cause to undergo ruin or disaster.See Synonyms at blast ,ruin See Usage Note at wreak 
ʹѣʹܻѲμ blast,ruinμ wreak
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To suffer destruction or ruin; become wrecked.
ѣ߽𣻻ٻ
To work as a wrecker.
ָ̣̻ʧ´ֻ
?
Middle English wrek 
йӢ wrek 
from Anglo-Norman wrec 
Դ Ӣ wrec 
[of Scandinavian origin] ; akin to  Old Norse rec [wreckage] 
[Դ˹ά]   ˹ά rec [к] 

= =
wrench
wrench
AHD:[rnch] 
D.J.[rent.]
K.K.[rWnt.]
n.ʣ
A sudden sharp, forcible twist or turn.
ŤȻŤת
An injury produced by twisting or straining.
ŤˣŤɵ˺
A sudden tug at one's emotions; a surge of compassion, sorrow, or anguish.
ͻȻ˵ĸĺȻ仯ͬ顢˻ŭͻȻ
A break or parting that causes emotional distress.
룺ϵʹķֱ 
The pain so associated:
ࣺ֮ʹࣺ
felt a wrench when he was parted from his children.
ͺӷʱеʹ
A distortion in the original form or meaning of something written or spoken; twisted interpretation.
ŤĽͣԭϵıΡд˵˼ŤĽ
Any of various hand or power tools with fixed or adjustable jaws for gripping, turning, or twisting objects such as nuts, bolts, or pipes.
֣һй̶ɵǯڵûеߣҧϡתŤתݶӵ
v.ʣ
wrenched,wrench.ing,wrench.es 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To twist or turn suddenly and forcibly.
ŤתȻŤת
To twist and sprain:
ŤˣŤˣ
I wrenched my knee.
Ťϥ
To force free by pulling at; yank.See Synonyms at jerk 1
ʹֿ֮μ jerk1
To pull with a wrench.
ŤŤת
To pull at the feelings or emotions of; distress:
ۣʹĥѹ֣
It wrenched her to watch them go.
뿪
To distort or twist the original character or import of:
Ťԭе˸ԭ⣺
wrenched the text to prove her point.
Դ֤۵
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give a wrench, twist, or turn.
ת
?
From Middle English wrenchen [to twist] 
Դ йӢ wrenchen [ƣ] 
from Old English wrencan * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ wrencan *μ wer- 2
?
wrenchingly
adv.ʣ

= =
wretched
wretch.ed
AHD:[rch1d] 
D.J.[6ret.!d]
K.K.[6rWt.!d]
adj.ݴʣ
wretch.ed.er,wretch.ed.est 
In a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable:
ҵģҵģѹֻҶͳ״̬Уҵģ
the wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages(George Orwell)
Щҵȫڶ(ΡΤ)
Characterized by or attended with misery or woe:
ҵģвһʹģ治һʹģ
a wretched life.
ҵ
Of a poor or mean character; dismal:
ªģ򱰱ɵʣģ
a wretched building.
ƾɵĽ
Contemptible; despicable:
ɵģɵģӵģ
wretched treatment of the patients.
Բ˲ʵ
Of very inferior quality:
Ʒʺܲģ
wretched prose.
׾ӵɢ
?
Middle English wrecched 
йӢ wrecched 
from wrecche [wretch] * see  wretch 
Դ wrecche [С] *μ wretch
?
wretchedly
adv.ʣ
wretchedness
n.ʣ

= =
wrinkle
wrin.kle
AHD:[r1ngkl] 
D.J.[6r!0k*l]
K.K.[6r!0k*l]
n.ʣ
A small furrow, ridge, or crease on a normally smooth surface, caused by crumpling, folding, or shrinking.
ϸƣѹ塢۵ѹƽıɵϸСߡ
A line or crease in the skin, as from age.
ƣƤϵƣ϶
Informal A clever trick, method, or device, especially one that is new and different; an innovation.
ʽ ·£ǵĹơ취򷽷ָӱµķ
v.ʣ
wrin.kled,wrin.kling,wrin.kles 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To make wrinkles or a wrinkle in.
ʹ
To draw up into wrinkles; pucker:
۳ӣ壺
wrinkled her nose in disdain.
ӱʾм
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To form wrinkles.
ʹ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
back-formation from wrinkled [wrinkled] 
Դ wrinkled湹 [Ƶ] 
probably from Old English gewrinclod [past participle of] gewrinclian [to wind, crease] * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ gewrinclod  [] gewrinclianĹȥִ [ƣ] *μ wer- 2
?
wrinkly
adj.ݴʣ

= =
wrist
wrist
AHD:[r1st] 
D.J.[r!st]
K.K.[r!st]
n.ʣ
The joint between the hand and the forearm.
ؽڣֺǰ֮Ĺؽ
See  carpus 
μ  carpus 
The part of a sleeve or glove that encircles the wrist.
ڣӻ׻ǲ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English * see  wer- 2
Դ Ӣ *μ wer- 2

= =
write
write
AHD:[rot] 
D.J.[ra!t]
K.K.[ra!t]
v.ʣ
wrote[r?t] writ.ten[r1tn]  Ҳ writ [r1t] writ.ing,writes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To form (letters, words, or symbols) on a surface such as paper with an instrument such as a pen.
дʵĹֽıγɣĸʻţ
To spell:
ƴд
How do you write your name?
ôд?
To form (letters or words) in cursive style.
Բдòķдĸʣ
To compose and set down, especially in literary or musical form:
׫дд£ָѧã
write a poem; write a prelude.
дʫд
To draw up in legal form; draft:
ݣʽд⣺
write a will.

To fill in or cover with writing:
дд
write a check; wrote five pages in an hour.
֧ƱһСʱдҳ
To express in writing; set down:
£
write one's thoughts.
Լ뷨¼
To communicate by correspondence:
ͨţдţͨд罻
wrote that she was planning to visit.
дݷ
To underwrite, as an insurance policy.
ббΪһմʩ
To depict clearly; mark:
ʾǣ֣ڣ
Utter dejection was written on every face(Winston S. Churchill)
ÿ϶¶ȫȻľɥ(˹S.𼪶)
To ordain or prophesy:
עԤԣ
It was written that the empire would fall.
ԤԵ۹Ҫ
Computer Science To record (data) on a storage device.
ѧ ¼д豸ϼ¼ݣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To trace or form letters, words, or symbols on paper or another surface.
дֽϻı׭дγĸʻ
To produce written material, such as articles or books.
дϣ»
To compose a letter; communicate by mail.
дţдţżͨѶ
?
write down
To set down in writing.
д£ֵķʽ
To reduce in rank, value, or price.
ۣ͡ͼ𡢱ͼֵ۸
To disparage in writing.
д±
To write in a conspicuously simple or condescending style:
ǳԵдǳԻǫѷķд
felt he had to write down to his students.
одǳѧܿ
write in
To cast a vote by inserting (a name not listed on a ballot).
ͶƱͨ루ѡδг֣ͶƱ
To insert in a text or document:
дĻļУ
wrote in an apology at the end of the note.
ֽĩβһǸĻ
To communicate with an organization by mail:
磺ĳ֯ʼͨѶķʽ
write in with a completed entry form.
дŲõ
write off
To reduce to zero the book value of (an asset that has become worthless).
ۼۣѣѱ޼ֵʲģֵΪ
To cancel from accounts as a loss.
ΪĿϹ
To consider as a loss or failure:
Ϊʧʧܣ
wrote off the rainy first day of the vacation.
ڵһɨ
write out
To express or compose in writing:
д
write out a request.
дһҪ
To write in full or expanded form:
ȫддȫƻʽ
All abbreviations are to be written out.
едҪд
write up
To write a report or description of, as for publication.
Ϊдд
To bring (a journal, for example) up to date.
д־ѣ磬־Ȳд
To overstate the value of (assets).
ʲ߹߹һʲļֵ
To report (someone) in writing, as for breaking the law:
дƱ淢дƱ淢ĳˣΥ棺
wrote him up for speeding.
дƱ
?
write (one's) own ticket
To set one's own terms or course of action entirely according to one's own needs or wishes:
ԶƻоĳԼԸ¡жĲͼƻ
an open-ended and generous scholarship that lets recipients write their own ticket.
о޶ҴʵĽѧ
writ large
Signified, expressed, or embodied in a greater or more prominent magnitude or degree:
ʽʾøĿʽǿʾ廯
The man was no more than the boy writ large(George Eliot)
˲Ǹ˵к(Ρ)
?
Middle English writen 
йӢ writen 
from Old English wron 
Դ Ӣ wron 

= =
writer
writ.er
AHD:[rotr] 
D.J.[6ra!t*]
K.K.[6ra!t+]
n.ʣ
One who writes, especially as an occupation.
ңߣдˣָԴΪְҵ

= =
writing
writ.ing
AHD:[rot1ng] 
D.J.[6ra!t!0]
K.K.[6ra!t!0]
n.ʣ
The act of one who writes.
ддĳдĶ
Written form:
ʽ
Put it in writing.
ʽ
Handwriting; penmanship.
д壻鷨
Something written, especially:
дµĶָ
Meaningful letters or characters that constitute readable matter.
֣ؿĶϵĸ
A written work, especially a literary composition.
ѧƷ£ָѧƷ
The occupation or style of a writer.
ķ磺ҵķҵְҵ
Writings (used with a sing. or pl. verb)Bible The third of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible, usually composed of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, 
Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.See table at Bible 
 Writings 뵥ãʥ ϣʥеĵ֣ϣʥ֧ĵ֣ɡʫƪԡԼǡŸ衷·üǡҮ
װ衷顷˹ǡ顷˹ǡϣ׼ǡ־ɲμ Bible

= =
wrong
wrong
AHD:[r?ng, r?ng] 
D.J.[r%80, rK0]
K.K.[r%0, r$0]
adj.ݴʣ
Not in conformity with fact or truth; incorrect or erroneous.
ģģʵ಻һµģȷĻ
Contrary to conscience, morality, or law; immoral or wicked.
µģģϵ¡֪ɹģµĻа
Unfair; unjust.
ƽģ
Not required, intended, or wanted:
ҪģҪġĻҪģ
took a wrong turn.
մ
Not fitting or suitable; inappropriate or improper:
ʵģʵĻʺϵģ˵Ļȷģ
said the wrong thing.
˵˻
Not in accord with established usage, method, or procedure:
ϵģõ÷ʽһµģ
the wrong way to shuck clams.
Բǡķ
Not functioning properly; out of order.
ϵģûõģë
Unacceptable or undesirable according to social convention.
ܵģ᳣ܱܵĻӭ
Designating the side, as of a garment, that is less finished and not intended to show:
ģɵò̫òҲ׼չʾָ棬һ׵ķ棺
socks worn wrong side out.
Ӵ
adv.ʣ
In a wrong manner; mistakenly or erroneously.
أȡķʽأػ
In a wrong course or direction.
أ·߻
Immorally or unjustly:
µػ򲻹أ
She acted wrong to lie.

In an unfavorable way.See Synonyms at amiss 
Բ˵ķزμ amiss
n.ʣ
An unjust or injurious act.
ƽ򲻹Ϊ
Something contrary to ethics or morality.
µ£㣳µ
An invasion or a violation of another's legal rights.
Υڱ˷Ȩַֺ
Law A tort.See Synonyms at injustice 
ɡ ȨΪμ injustice
The condition of being in error or at fault:
󣬹ʧڴʧ״̬
in the wrong.

v.tr.ﶯʣ
wronged,wrong.ing,wrongs 
To treat unjustly or injuriously.
ԩ򲻹ضԴ
To discredit unjustly; malign.
̰ƽ裻ڮ
To treat dishonorably; violate.
£ֱضԴ
?
do (someone) wrongʽ
To be unfaithful or disloyal.
ʵҳ
go wrong
To take a wrong turn or make a wrong move.
ߴ·㲻ãմȡ˴ж
To go astray morally.
䣺ϵĶ
To go amiss; turn out badly.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
[of Scandinavian origin] * see  wer- 2
[Դ˹ά] *μ wer- 2
?
wronger
n.ʣ
wrongly
adv.ʣ
wrongness
n.ʣ

= =
x-ray
x-ray Ҳ X-ray
AHD:[ksr3] 
D.J.[6eks7re!]
K.K.[6Wks7re]
n.also ʣ Ҳ 
x ray  
X ray
A relatively high-energy photon with wavelength in the approximate range from 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
X⣺һԵĸܹ⣬0.01΢ף100΢ף֮
A stream of such photons, used for their penetrating power in radiography, radiology, radiotherapy, and scientific research. Often used in the plural.Also called  roentgen ray 
XߣһXߣ䴩͸ӦõѧͷƷԼѧо档øʽҲ  roentgen ray
A photograph taken with x-rays.
XƬXƬ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
x-rayed Ҳ X-rayed x-ray.ing X-ray.ing x-rays X-rays  
To irradiate with x-rays.
X
To photograph with x-rays.
X

= =
yacht
yacht
AHD:[y?t]  
D.J.[j$8t]
K.K.[j$t]
n.ʣ
Any of various relatively small sailing or motor-driven vessels, generally with smart, graceful lines, used for pleasure cruises or racing.
ͧһ÷Сʹֻͨ;ɡֵѲλ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
yacht.ed,yacht.ing,yachts 
To sail, cruise, or race in a yacht.
ͧͧСֻ
?
Probably obsolete Norwegian jagt 
Ϊ ѷŲ jagt 
from Middle Low German jacht 
Դ йŵ͵ص jacht 
short for jachtschip 
 jachtschipļд 
jagen [to chase]  from Old High German jag?n 
jagen [׷]  Դ Ÿߵص jag?n 
schip [ship] 
schip [] 

= =
yard
yard 1
AHD:[y?rd] 
D.J.[j$8d]
K.K.[j$rd]
n.ʣ
Abbr. ydA fundamental unit of length in both the U.S. Customary System and the British Imperial System, equal to 3 feet, or 36 inches (0.9144 meter).See table at measurement 
д yd룺ϰϵӢʼϵеһֻȵλ3Ӣ߻36Ӣ(0.9144ףμ measurement
Nautical A long tapering spar slung to a mast to support and spread the head of a square sail, lugsail, or lateen.
 죺Φһͷϸĳ֧źչᷫηǷĶ
?
Middle English yerde [stick, unit of measure] 
йӢ yerde [ߣλ] 
from Old English gerd 
Դ Ӣ gerd 
?
yard
yard 2
AHD:[y?rd] 
D.J.[j$8d]
K.K.[j$rd]
n.ʣ
A tract of ground adjacent to, surrounding, or surrounded by a building or group of buildings.
ԺӣأڡΧƽһ鳡أ򱻽ȺΧƵһ鳡
A tract of ground, often enclosed, used for a specific work, business, or other activity.
أضҵһ鳡أͨǷյ
An area where railroad trains are made up and cars are switched, stored, and serviced on tracks and sidings.
޳𳵲ڹͲ϶Գеԡźά޵ĵط
A winter pasture for deer or other grazing animals.
ݳȡ¹Ĳݳ
An enclosed tract of ground in which animals, such as chickens or pigs, are kept.
ضķճأؼ
v.ʣ
yarded,yard.ing,yards 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To enclose, collect, or put into or as if into a yard.
ѡ볡أѡؽսŽһΧƺΧ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To be gathered into or as if into a yard.
ΧΧΧ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English geard * see  gher- 1
Դ Ӣ geard *μ gher- 1

= =
yawn
yawn
AHD:[y?n] 
D.J.[j%8n]
K.K.[j%n]
v.ʣ
yawned,yawn.ing,yawns 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom.
Ƿƣ롢ٻĶŴ
To open wide; gape:
ſѿ
The chasm yawned at our feet.
ݿǵĽѿ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter wearily, while or as if while yawning:
ŹǷ˵ŹǷƺǷʱƣ˵
yawned his disapproval of the silly venture.
޴ðжʾɺ
n.ʣ
The act of yawning.
ǷǷĶ
A fatigued or bored response.
ǷƣĻᷳķӦ
Informal One that provokes yawns; a bore:
ʽ ˴Ƿ£ˣζ£ˣ
The movie was nothing more than one big yawn.
ⲿӰֻ˹Ƿ
?
Middle English yanen 
йӢ yanen 
alteration of yonen, yenen 
 yonenı仯, yenen 
from Old English geonian 
Դ Ӣ geonian 
?
yawner
n.ʣ

= =
year
year
AHD:[y?r] 
D.J.[j!*]
K.K.[j!r]
n.Abbr. yr.,y.ʣд yr.,y.
The period of time during which the earth completes a single revolution around the sun, consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds of mean solar time. In the 
Gregorian calendar the year begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 and is divided into 12 months, 52 weeks, and 365 or 366 days.Also called  calendar year 
꣺Χ̫תһܵʱΣ365졢5Сʱ49ֺ12ɵƽ̫ʱݸһ꿪ʼ11ս1231գֳ12¡52ڡ365
366Ҳ  calendar year
A period approximately equal to a year in other calendars.
꣺Լ൱һʱ
A period of approximately the duration of a calendar year:
꣺Լ൱һʱ䣺
We were married a year ago.
һǰĻ
A sidereal year.
һ
A solar year.
һ̫
A period equal to the calendar year but beginning on a different date:
ȣ곤ȵʼղͬʱڣ
a tax-reckoning year; a farming year.
˰һꣻũ
A specific period of time, usually shorter than 12 months, devoted to a special activity:
ȣרڴĳʱڣͨ12£
the academic year.
ѧ
years Age, especially old age:
 years 䣬ָ꣺
I'm feeling my years.
Ҿʹ
years An indefinitely long period of time:
 years ȷĺܳһʱ䣺
it's been years since we saw her.
Ѿкüûм
?
Middle English yere 
йӢ yere 
from Old English g?r * see  y?r- 
Դ Ӣ g?r *μ y?r- 

= =
yearly
year.ly
AHD:[y?rl?] 
D.J.[6j!*li8]
K.K.[6j!rli]
adj.ݴʣ
Occurring once a year or every year; annual.
ÿģһÿһεģȵ
adv.ʣ
Once a year; annually.
һһΣÿ
n.ʣ
 year.lies 
A publication issued once a year.
꿯һ귢һεĿ

= =
yell
yell
AHD:[yl] 
D.J.[jel]
K.K.[jWl]
v.ʣ
yelled,yell.ing,yells 
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To cry out loudly, as in pain, fright, surprise, or enthusiasm.
£ʹࡢ¡Ȼ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To utter or express with a loud cry; shout.See Synonyms at shout 
к˵˵кμ shout
n.ʣ
A loud cry; a shout.
Ук
A rhythmic cheer uttered or chanted in unison by a group:
һȺͬʱĴĻ
a college yell.
ѧĻ
?
Middle English yellen 
йӢ yellen 
from Old English giellan, gellan * see  ghel- 1
Դ Ӣ giellan, gellan *μ ghel- 1
?
yeller
n.ʣ

= =
yellow
yel.low
AHD:[yl?] 
D.J.[6jel*&]
K.K.[6jWlo]
n.ʣ
Abbr. yel.Color The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 
to 590 nanometers; any of a group of colors of a hue resembling that of ripe lemons and varying in lightness and saturation; one of the subtractive primaries; one of the psychological 
primary hues.
д yel.ɫʡ ɫɼϣٻƺɫ֮ǲɫͨԼ570590΢׵ķܹ۲쵽ڳʵɫȺŨȸһɫ
ԭɫ֮һҪɫ֮һ
A pigment or dye having this hue.
ɫϣɫȾϣɫϻȾ
Something that has this hue.
ɫƷɫƷ
Chiefly Southern U.S. The yolk of an egg.
ϲ 
Western U.S. Gold. Used formerly by prospectors.
 ƽǰΪ̽ʹ
yellows Any of various plant diseases usually caused by fungi of the genusFusarium  or viruses of the genus Chlorogenus  and characterized by yellow or yellowish discoloration. 
 yellows ƻһֲﲡͨӾ  ʾ ǳֻɫ򵭻ɫİߵ 
adj.ݴʣ
yel.low.er,yel.low.est 
Color Of the color yellow.
ɫʡ ɫ
Having a yellow-brown skin color.
ɫػƵ
Offensive Of or being a person of Asian origin.
 ˵ģ
Slang Cowardly.
ٵ ų
v.tr.intr.ﶯʺͲﶯʣ
yel.lowed,yel.low.ing,yel.lows 
To make or become yellow:
ʹƣʹƻɻɫ
documents that had been yellowed by age; clouds that yellow in the evening light.
ļԶƣڰϼбɻɫ
?
Middle English yelow 
йӢ yelow 
from Old English geolu * see  ghel- 2
Դ Ӣ geolu *μ ghel- 2
?
yellowness
n.ʣ

= =
yes
yes
AHD:[ys] 
D.J.[jes]
K.K.[jWs]
adv.ʣ
It is so; as you say or ask. Used to express affirmation, agreement, positive confirmation, or consent.
ǣ˵ʡȷšͬ⡢ȷ֤ʵ޳
n.ʣ
 yes.es 
An affirmative or consenting reply.
ǣȷͬĻش
An affirmative vote or voter.
޳ƱͶ޳Ʊ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
yessed,yes.sing,yes.es 
To give an affirmative reply to.
˵ǡԿ϶
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English g?e [so be it!] 
Դ Ӣ g?e [] 
probably g?a [so] * see  i- 
Ϊ g?a [] *μ i- 
soe [may it be so] * see  es- 
soe [Ը] *μ es- 
?
The wordyes  is a good example of how an ordinary and frequently used word can have a complex etymology. We can traceyes  back to two Indo-European roots, .i-,  a pronominal 
stem, and .es-,  to be. From two extended forms of.i-, .y3m  and .y3,   came the prehistoric Common Germanic forms.j3}  and jai,   which gave us Old Englishge3,  an affirmative 
particle, the source of Modern Englishyea.   The Indo-European root.es-  is the source of our forms am  and is.   From the stem.so-  used to make verb forms in the optative mood, a 
mood used to express a wish, came the Germanic form.sijai-,   which gave us Old Englishso,  may it be so.  This form, unlike the sources ofam  and is,  died out, but before 
disappearing it had combined with Old Englishg?a  to form the compound g?,   the ancestor of our wordyes.   Thissoe  was destined to have even more of a triumph.  Until around 
1600yea  was used to respond to positive expressions,  whereasyes  was used to respond to negative expressions. After that timeyes  became a response to both positive and 
negative expressions, yea  surviving primarily in voice votes. 
yes һ˵һͨôӵһӴԴļ֤ ǿ׷yes ӡŷʸ ʴʸi-  es- ǡ i-չʽyam  yai  γʷ
ǰͨնʽja  jai,  ִ˹ӢеĿ϶gea  ִӢyea Դ ӡŷʸes-  am  is ʽԴͷ is- һԸ
ʵĴʸɣ նʽsijai-  ɴγ˹Ӣsie, ϣˡ ʽam  is ĴԴѾˣ ʧ֮ǰѾ͹Ӣgea γɸ
 gese  ǵĵyes ǰ sie עҪȡʤ ֱ1600ңyea ڻش϶ĳ yes ڻش񶨳 ˺yes ȿ϶Ҳ
񶨱Ļش yea ҪڿͷͶƱʱʹ 

= =
yesterday
yes.ter.day
AHD:[ystr-d3, -d?] 
D.J.[6jest*7de!, -di8]
K.K.[6jWst+7de, -di]
n.ʣ
The day before the present day.
죺ǰһ
Also yesterdays Time in the past, especially the recent past.
 Ҳ yesterdays ȥʱ䣬ָȥ
adv.ʣ
On the day before the present day.
죺ǰһ
A short while ago.
ղţ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English geostran d?g 
Դ Ӣ geostran d?g 
geostran [yesterday] * see  yester- 
geostran [] *μ yester-
d?g [day] * see  day 
d?g [] *μ day

= =
yet
yet
AHD:[yt] 
D.J.[jet]
K.K.[jWt]
adv.ʣ
At this time; for the present:
ڣĿǰ
isn't ready yet.
ڻû׼
Up to a specified time; thus far:
ֱһضʱ䣻
The end had not yet come.
ĿǰΪֹûн
At a future time; eventually:
ձأ
may yet change his mind.
վı뷨
Besides; in addition:
⣻⣺
returned for yet another helping.
һһ
Still more; even

a yet sadder tale.
һ˵Ĺ
Nevertheless:
Ȼ
young yet wise.
ȴܴ
conj.Ӵʣ
And despite this; nevertheless:
ˣȻ
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
˵ٵȴ׼ʱ
?
as yet
Up to the present time; up to now.

?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English got * see  i- 
Դ Ӣ got *μ i- 
?
In formal styleyet  in the sense up to now requires that the accompanying verb be in the present perfect, rather than in the simple past: 
ʽУyet һ˼ʱʱã Ǽ򵥵Ĺȥʱ 
He hasn't started yet, not He didn't start yet.  
δʼ δʼ  

= =
yield
yield
AHD:[y?ld] 
D.J.[ji8ld]
K.K.[jild]
v.ʣ
yield.ed,yield.ing,yields 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by cultivation:
ͨƺͨȻָ̲ͨ
a field that yields many bushels of corn.
ʢ׵ũ
To furnish as return for effort or investment; be productive of:
ΪŬͶʵĻر裻
an investment that yields high percentages.
߶Ͷ
To give over possession of, as in deference or defeat; surrender.
ͶηʧܶȨͶ
To give up (an advantage, for example) to another; concede.
öɣѣ磬ƣˣ
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To give forth a natural product; be productive.
Ȼ
To produce a return for effort or investment:
ŬͶʲ棺
bonds that yield well.
ܶծȯ
To give up, as in defeat; surrender or submit.
룬ʧܶͶ
To give way to pressure or force:
òѹ
The door yielded to a gentle push.
һžͿ
To give way to argument, persuasion, influence, or entreaty:
òۡȰ˵Ӱò
The child pleaded, but the parents wouldn't yield.
ӿధ󣬵ĸò
To give place, as to one that is superior:
ãλλڡϼ
She yields to no one in her condemnation of violence.
ʹܷѣҲλ
n.ʣ
An amount yielded or produced; a product.

A profit obtained from an investment; a return.
Ͷʵ棺Ͷʻر
The energy released by an explosion, especially by a nuclear explosion, expressed in units of weight of TNT required to produce an equivalent release:
ɱըǺ˱ըͷųòͷҪױλʾ
The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima had a yield of 20 kilotons.
ڹ㵺ԭӵֵĵ
?
Middle English yielden 
йӢ yielden 
from Old English geldan [to pay] 
Դ Ӣ geldan [] 
?
yielder
n.ʣ
?
yield,relent,bow,defer,submit,capitulate,succumb
These verbs all mean to give in to what one can no longer oppose or resist.
ЩʶʾòڲٷԻֿ˻¡
 Yield   has the widest application: 
 Yield  ӦΪ㷺 
yield to an enemy;
ԵͶ
wouldn't yield to reason;
ɣ
yielded to desire.

The child . . . soon yielded to the drowsiness  (Charles Dickens).Torelent  is to moderate the harshness or severity of an attitude or decision with respect to another over whom one 
has authority or influence:  
 ⺢ӡһֲ֧ס˯ˡ  ˹Ҹ˹relent ָڶԴԼȨӰµ˵ضĳһƶȻĿ̻ϸ  
The captain at last relented, and told him that he might make himself at home  (Herman Melville).
 󣬴Щ ά
 Bow   suggests giving way in defeat or through courtesy: 
 Bow  ʾʧܻͨòò 
Bow and accept the end/Of a love  (Robert Frost).Todefer  is to yield out of respect or in recognition of another's authority, knowledge, or judgment:  
 ܰĽ֡  ޲ء˹أdefer ָػȨѧжϵϿɶò  
Philip . . . had the good sense to defer to the long experience and the wisdom of his father  (William Hickling Prescott).
 ֡ǵ׵ķḻǻǰò  ķϣ֡˹أ
 Submit   implies giving way out of necessity, as after futile or unsuccessful resistance. 
 Submit  ʾû򲻳ɹĵֿ֮󣬳ڱȶ 
What must the King do now?Must he submit?  (Shakespeare).
 ڹʲô?Ͷ?  ɯʿǣ
 Capitulate   implies surrender to pressure, force, compulsion, or inevitability: 
 Capitulate  ʾѹǿ򲻿ɱԣ 
I will be conquered;I will not capitulate [to illness]    (Samuel Johnson).
 ҽҲڼ    ѶԼѷ
 Succumb   strongly suggests submission to something overpowering or overwhelming: 
 Succumb  ǿҰʾһĻ޷ֿ 
I didn't succumb without a struggle to my uncle's allurements  (H.G. Wells).See also Synonyms at  produce ,relinquish 
Ҷջδκηˡ (H.G.˹μͬ produce,relinquish

= =
yoke
yoke
AHD:[y?k] 
D.J.[j*&k]
K.K.[jok]
n.ʣ
A crossbar with two U-shaped pieces that encircle the necks of a pair of oxen or other draft animals working together.
UΰɵĺľһɻһԹţﶯĲ
pl. yoke or yokes  A pair of draft animals, such as oxen, joined by a yoke.See Synonyms at couple 
 yoke  yokes  ͬĶͨһһﶯ繫ţμ couple
A bar used with a double harness to connect the collar of each horse to the pole of a wagon or coach.
״˫߰ÿ˻򹫹ԯϵľ
A frame designed to be carried across a person's shoulders with equal loads suspended from each end.
αⵣڼ˸ͬɵļ
Nautical A crossbar on a ship's rudder to which the steering cables are connected.
 Ӳٶĺľ
A clamp or vise that holds a machine part in place or controls its movement or that holds two such parts together.
ǯУӻϻǯ̶λ˶ֻ
A piece of a garment that is closely fitted, either around the neck and shoulders or at the hips, and from which an unfitted or gathered part of the garment is hung.
硢ȹͼ粿βһ··Ĳʺ޲ִ´
Something that connects or joins together; a bond or tie.
ϵһŦ
Electronics A series of two or more magnetic recording heads fastened securely together for playing or recording on more than one track simultaneously.
ѧ Ĵͷһϵаȫ̶һ¼ͷԱڼͬʱ¼
Any of various emblems of subjugation, such as a structure made of two upright spears with a third laid across them, under which conquered enemies of ancient Rome were forced to 
march in subjection.
ӵıǣһֱìһìɵĽṹӱȽг
The condition of being subjugated by or as if by a conqueror; subjugation or bondage:
ūۣߵλƺͨӻ
14th-century Russia under the Tartar yoke; the yoke of drug addiction.
14ʹūµĶ
v.ʣ
yoked,yok.ing,yokes 
v.tr.ﶯʣ
To fit or join with a yoke.

To harness a draft animal to.
ڡ
To harness (a draft animal) to  a vehicle or an implement.
ѣޣϳ򹤾
To join securely as if with a yoke; bind:
ʹϣƺ
partners who were yoked together for life.
ΪЩϻ˽ܵؽ
To force into heavy labor, bondage, or subjugation.
ūۣȴ¿ū
v.intr.ﶯʣ
To become joined securely.
ܽӺϣȫһ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English geoc * see  yeug- 
Դ Ӣ geoc *μ yeug- 

= =
you
you
AHD:[y?] 
D.J.[ju8]
K.K.[ju]
pron.ʣ
Used to refer to the one or ones being addressed:
㣬ǣָƺ˻ǣ
I'll lend you the book. You shouldn't work so hard. Does she telephone you from San Francisco?See Regional Note at you-all 
һ㡣㲻ҪôࡣӾɽɽǴ绰?μ you-all
Used to refer to an indefinitely specified person; one:
ָһˣָȷˣĳˣ
You can't win them all.
޷е
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?w [dative and accusative of] g? [ye, you] * see  yu- 
Դ Ӣ ?w  [] g?ͱ [㣬] *μ yu- 

= =
young
young
AHD:[y?ng] 
D.J.[jJ0]
K.K.[jJ0]
adj.ݴʣ
young.er,young.est 
Being in an early period of life, development, or growth.
׵ģչɳڵ
Newly begun or formed; not advanced:
ڵģտʼγɵģδչģ
The evening is still young.
ĺɫ
Of, belonging to, or suggestive of youth or early life:
ģСģĻڵģڻʾһ׶εģ
He is young for his age.
ԵС
Vigorous or fresh; youthful.
ģĻģ
Lacking experience; immature:
é®ģȱģģ
a young hand at plowing.

Being the junior of two people having the same name.
СģͬС
Geology Being of an early stage in a geologic cycle. Used of bodies of water and land formations.
ѧ ڽ׶εģȦдڽ׶εģˮ½صγ
n.ʣ
Young persons considered as a group; youth:
һΪˣˣ
entertainment for the young.
˵
Offspring; brood:

a lioness with her young.
Сʨĸʨ
?
with young
Pregnant.
е
?
Middle English yong 
йӢ yong 
from Old English geong * see  yeu- 
Դ Ӣ geong *μ yeu- 
?
youngness
n.ʣ
?
young,youthful,adolescent,immature,juvenile,puerile,green
These adjectives are compared as they mean of, relating to, characteristic of, or being in an early period of growth or development.
ЩݴʽбȽΪǱʾڳɳչڵġصĻԴΪ
 Young   is the most general of the terms: 
 Young  Щһһ 
a young child.
һС
Youthful   suggests characteristics, such as enthusiasm, freshness, or energy, that are associated with youth: 
Youthful  ʾഺйصԣ顢 
youthful ardor.
˵
Adolescent   specifically implies the characteristics of those in the period between childhood and maturity: 
Adolescent  ָڶͯͳ֮Щ˵ 
adolescent insecurity.
ഺڲȶ
Immature   applies to what is not yet fully grown or developed;the term sometimes suggests that someone falls short of an expected level of maturity: 
Immature  δֳɳչ˺£ʱʾĳ˴ﲻԤڵĳˮƽ 
an emotionally immature adult.
вĳˡ
Juvenile   connotes immaturity, often childishness: 
Juvenile  ʾ죬Ǻ 
the juvenile pranks of the conventioneers.
μӼ˵ɵĶ硣
Puerile   is used derogatorily to suggest silliness, foolishness, or infantilism: 
Puerile  Եذʾ޴ɵɣ 
a puerile joke.
޴Ц
Green   implies lack of training or experience and sometimes callowness: 
Green  ʾȱѵ飬ʱ׾ 
The crew couldn't deal with the emergency.They were all green recruits. 
ԱǲӦǶ 
?
Young
Young
AHD:[y?ng] Andrew Jackson, Jr. (Born 1932) 
D.J.[jJ0]
K.K.[jJ0]
NONE޴ԣ
American diplomat and politician. Director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1964-1970), he later served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (1977-1979) and as 
mayor of Atlanta (1981-1989).
С³ܿѷ( 1932) ⽻ҺμңϷ쵼ϻĻ᳤(1964-1970꣩פϹʹ(1977-1979꣩г(1981-1989

?
Young
YoungBrigham (1801-1877)
NONE޴ԣ
American religious leader who directed the Mormon Church after the assassination (1884) of its founder, Joseph Smith. He led an exodus of the Mormons from their troubled settlement 
in Illinois to the site of present-day Salt Lake City, Utah, where they established a permanent home for the church (1847).
ķ(1801-1877) ڽ䣬ĦŽ̴ʼԼɪʷ˹ⰵɱ(1884֮꣩쵼ĦŽͽŵ˹ݾסǷ֮سߣݵκ
ڵأڴΪǵĽͽõļ԰(1847꣩
?
Young
YoungDenton True  Known as Cy.(1867-1955)
NONE޴ԣ
American baseball player. A pitcher for 22 seasons, he won 515 games, including 76 shutouts, 3 no-hit games, and the first perfect game in modern baseball (1904).
Ƕ١³(1867-1955) ˶Ա22Ͷ֣Ӯ51576δһ֣3ް򣬲Ӯִʷϵһȱı(1904
꣩
?
Young
YoungEdward (1683-1765)
NONE޴ԣ
English poet known for his dramatic monologueNight Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality  (1742-1745). 
»(1683-1765) ӢʫˣϷԵĶסͲҹ˼ (1742-1745꣩ 
?
Young
YoungElla Flagg (1845-1918)
NONE޴ԣ
American educator who was superintendent of Chicago public schools (1909-1915) and president of the National Education Association (1910-1915).
(1845-1918) ң֥Ӹ繫ѧУУ(19091915꣩ȫЭϯ(19101915꣩
?
Young
YoungLester Willis  Known as Pres.(1909-1959)
NONE޴ԣ
American jazz musician whose innovative tenor saxophone style greatly influenced jazz improvisation.
˹ءά˹(1909-1959) ʿּңµĸ˹񼫴Ӱ˾ʿֵļ˴
?
Young
YoungThomas (1773-1829)
NONE޴ԣ
British physician, physicist, and Egyptologist who revived the wave theory of light and postulated the three-color theory of color vision. He also helped decipher the hieroglyphics on the 
Rosetta Stone.
˹(1773-1829) ӢҽѧҺͰѧң˹Ⲩ۲ٶɫʾɫ۵Ĵڡʯϵ
?
Young
YoungWhitney Moore, Jr. (1921-1971)
NONE޴ԣ
American civil rights leader who was executive director of the National Urban League (1961-1971).
Сᡤ¶(1921-1971) Ȩ˶䣬ȫ˵ִ(1961-1971꣩

= =
youngster
young.ster
AHD:[y?ngstr] 
D.J.[6jJ0st*]
K.K.[6jJ0st+]
n.ʣ
A young person; a child or youth.
ˣӻ
A young animal.

A member of the second-year class in the U.S. Naval Academy.
ѧԺ꼶ѧ

= =
your
your
AHD:[y?r, y?r, y?r] [yr] ضʱ 
D.J.[j&*, j%8, j*&r][j*]ضʱ 
K.K.[j&r, j%r, jor][j*]ضʱ 
adj.ݴʣ
 youиʽ д yr.
Used as a modifier before a noun:
ģǵģǰ
your boots; your accomplishments.
ѥӣǵĳɾ
A person's; one's:
һ˵ģĳ˵ģ
The light switch is on your right.
ƵĿҲ
Informal Used with little or no sense of possession to indicate a type familiar to the listener:
ʽ ֡νġͼûлûӵе˼ãʾߵϤ
not one of your two-bit philosophers; your basic three-story frame house.
νĲƵѧңֻ㹹ܷ
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from Old English ?r [genitive of] g? [ye] * see  you 
Դ Ӣ ?r  [] g?и [] *μ you

= =
yours
yours
AHD:[y?rz, y?rz, y?rz] 
D.J.[j&*z, j%8z, j*&rz]
K.K.[j&rz, j%rz, jorz]
pron.(used with a sing. or pl. verb)ʣ뵥ã
Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to you:
㣨ǣĶʾ˻£
The larger boots are yours. If I can't find my book, I'll take yours.
ϴ˫ѥġҲҵ飬Ҿͻ
Used often with an adverbial modifier in the complimentary close of a letter:
㣨ǣģһʺĽβУ븱ã
Sincerely yours.

?
yours truly
I, myself, or me:
ҡԼң񣩣
Let me talk about a typical day in the life of yours truly(Robert A. Spivey)
̸̸ʵдԵһ족(޲A.˹Ƥά)
?
Middle English 
йӢ 
from your [your] * see  your 
Դ your [] *μ your

= =
yourself
your.self
AHD:[y?r-slf, y?r-, y?r-, yr-] 
D.J.[j&*6self, j%8r-, j*&r-, j*-]
K.K.[j&r6sWlf, j%r-, jor-, j*-]
pron.ʣ
That one identical with you.
Լ
Used reflexively as the direct or indirect object of a verb or as the object of a preposition:
Լ÷ʵֱӻӱʵı
Did you buy yourself a gift?
Լ?
Used for emphasis:
ԣ㱾ˣǿ
You yourself were certain of the facts.
ԼӦöʵȷ
Used in an absolute construction:
ԼڶṹУ
In office yourself, you helped push the bill along.
ڹһ˴ٽ᰸ͨ
Your normal or healthy condition:
򽡿
Are you feeling yourself again?See Usage Note at myself 
о?μ myself

= =
youth
youth
AHD:[y?th] 
D.J.[ju8G]
K.K.[juG]
n.ʣ
 youths[y?ths, y?Yz]  
The condition or quality of being young.
᣺״
An early period of development or existence:
ڣɳڣչڵڣ
a nation in its youth.

The time of life between childhood and maturity.
ഺڣڶͯͳ֮ʱ
A young person, especially a young male in late adolescence.
꣬Сӣˣָڵ
(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Young people considered as a group.
뵥ãǣΪһ
Geology The first stage in the erosion cycle.
ѧ ʴĳڣʴȦĵһ׶
?
Middle English youthe 
йӢ youthe 
from Old English geoguth * see  yeu- 
Դ Ӣ geoguth *μ yeu- 
?
Youth
Youth
AHD:[y?th] Isle of In Spanish Is.la de la Ju.ven.tud[?sl\adie/ d l\adie/ h?-vn-t?d]  Formerly Isle of Pines
D.J.[ju8G]Isle of In Spanish Is.la de la Ju.ven.tud[6i8sl$8 de l$8 hu8ven6tu8d]
K.K.[juG]Isle of In Spanish Is.la de la Ju.ven.tud[6isl$ dW l$ huvWn6tud]
NONE޴ԣ
An island in the Caribbean Sea south of western Cuba. Discovered by Columbus in 1494, it was later a penal colony and a rendezvous for pirates. It was claimed by both the United 
States and Cuba until a 1925 treaty confirmed Cuba's sovereignty.
굺ձȺ죬λڹŰ档1494ײָõΪŵغͺѵ㡣͹ŰͶƶԸõȨ1925Լȷ˹Ű͵Ȩ

= =
youthful
youth.ful
AHD:[y?thfl] 
D.J.[6ju8Gf*l]
K.K.[6juGf*l]
adj.ݴʣ
Characterized by youth; young.
ģصģ
Of, relating to, or characteristic of youth.
ģġйصĻص
Marked by or possessing characteristics, such as vigor, freshness, or enthusiasm, that are associated with youth.See Synonyms at young 
ģлӵصģ飬йزμ young
In an early stage of development; new.
ڵģڷչ׶εģµ
Geology Young:
ѧ ڵģ
a youthful streambed.
ڵĺӴ
?
youthfully
adv.ʣ
youthfulness
n.ʣ

= =
zeal
zeal
AHD:[z?l] 
D.J.[zi8l]
K.K.[zil]
n.ʣ
Enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance.See Synonyms at passion 
飺Ϊҵ롢ĿעǻΪβطܶμ passion
?
Middle English zele 
йӢ zele 
from Old French zel 
Դ ŷ zel 
from Late Latin z?s 
Դ  z?s 
from Greek z?s 
Դ ϣ z?s 

= =
zealous
zeal.ous
AHD:[zls] 
D.J.[6zel*s]
K.K.[6zWl*s]
adj.ݴʣ
Filled with or motivated by zeal; fervent.
ģĻΪģҵ
?
zealously
adv.ʣ
zealousness
n.ʣ

= =
zebra
ze.bra
AHD:[z?br] 
D.J.[6zi8br*]
K.K.[6zibr*]
n.ʣ
Any of several swift, wild, horselike African mammals of the genusEquus,  having distinctive overall markings of alternating white and black or brown stripes. 
һܵúܿ졢״ Ұ鶯ȫԵĺڰɫذɫ 
The zebra butterfly.
Ƶ
?
Italian 
 
from Old Portuguese zevro, zevra [wild ass] 
Դ  zevro, zevra [Ұ¿] 

= =
zero
ze.ro
AHD:[z?r?, z?r?] 
D.J.[6z!*r*&, 6zi8r*&]
K.K.[6z!ro, 6ziro]
n.ʣ
 ze.ros  ze.roes  д z.
The numerical symbol 0; a cipher.
0ַ0
Mathematics 
ѧ 
An element of a set that when added to any other element in the set produces a sum identical with the element to which it is added.
ԪأеһԪأϼеκһԪʱõֵڱԪֵ
A cardinal number indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration.
㣺ʾڿ²ڵһеĵλ
An ordinal number indicating an initial point or origin.
㣺бʾĵԭ
An argument at which the value of a function vanishes.
ģ㣺Աֵ
The temperature indicated by the numeral 0 on a thermometer.
ȣ¶ȼ0ʾ¶
A sight setting that enables a firearm to shoot on target.
׼ǣһʹаӵġ׼ȵ
Informal One having no influence or importance; a nonentity:
ʽ صˣûӰصˣȡˣ
a manager who was a total zero.
һڷľ
The lowest point:
͵㣺
His prospects were approaching zero.
ûϣ
A zero-coupon bond.
浫ؼ۸֮µծȯ
Informal Nothing; nil:
ʽ ûУȫޣ
Today I accomplished zero.
һ޳
adj.ݴʣ
Of, relating to, or being zero.
ģġйصĻΪ
Having no measurable or otherwise determinable value.
޼ֵģûشĻɿ϶ļֵ
Informal Absent, inoperative, or irrelevant in specified circumstances:
ʽ ڵģضвڵġЧġģ
The town has . . . practically no opportunities for amusement, zero culture(Robert M. Adams)
мûл֣ҲûĻ(޲M.ǵ˹)
Meteorology 
ѧ 
Designating a ceiling not more than 16 meters (52 feet) high.
ƸߵģָƸ߲16(52Ӣߣ
Limited in horizontal visibility to no more than 55 meters (180 feet).
Ӷȵģˮƽܼ55(180Ӣߣڵ
v.tr.ﶯʣ
ze.roed,ze.ro.ing,ze.roes 
To adjust (an instrument or a device) to zero value.
ѡ㣺豸
?
zero in
To aim or concentrate firepower on an exact target location.
ѡ׼Ŀ꣺׼лȷĿ
To adjust the aim or sight of by repeated firings.
㣺ͨظĿӽ
To converge intently; close in:
רע⣬Ƚ
The children zeroed in on the display of toys in the store window.
ǵע̵е
?
Italian 
 
from alteration of Medieval Latin zephirum 
Դ  zephirumı仯 
from Arabic r [nothing, cipher] 
Դ  r [ûУ] 

= =
zinc
zinc
AHD:[z1ngk] 
D.J.[z!0k]
K.K.[z!0k]
n.Symbol Zn ʣ Zn 
A bluish-white, lustrous metallic element that is brittle at room temperature but malleable with heating. It is used to form a wide variety of alloys including brass, bronze, various 
solders, and nickel silver, in galvanizing iron and other metals, for electric fuses, anodes, and meter cases, and in roofing, gutters, and various household objects. Atomic number 30; 
atomic weight 65.37; melting point 419.4=C; boiling point 907=C; specific gravity 7.133 (25=C); valence 2.See table at element 
пһɫĽԪأ飬ȺչӡֺϽ𣬰ֺͭͭϺԼпڵ籣˿
Լϡܲۺ͸ּͥþߡԭ30ԭ65.37۵419.4=Cе907=C7.13325=Cʱϼ2μ element
v.tr.ﶯʣ
zinced  zincked zinc.ing  zinck.ing zincs  zincks  
To coat or treat with zinc; galvanize.
пڡппп
?
German Zink 
 Zink 
possibly from Zinke [spike (so called because it becomes jagged in the furnace)] 
Դ Zinke [״ƺΪ¯бð͹ƽ] 
from Middle High German zinke 
Դ йŸߵص zinke 
from Old High German zinko 
Դ Ÿߵص zinko 

